cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Jacksonville
Jacksonville ndiwo msumba wukulu wa boma mu Florida, United States.
Prolecon
Prolecon ni ni msumba udoko mu msumba ukulu wa Johannesburg (Chigaŵa F), mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa, ku mmwela kwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Mbiri ya Zanzibar
Ufumu wa Portugal
Mu 1499, Vasco da Gama wakafika ku Spain. Mu 1503 panji 1504, Zanzibar wakazgoka chigaŵa cha Ufumu wa Portugal apo Kaputeni Ruy Lourenço Ravasco Marques wakafika na kupempha na kupokera msonkho kufuma kwa sultan pakusintha mtende. Zanzibar wakalutilira kulamulirika na Portugal kwa vilimika pafupifupi 200.
Southdale
Southdale ni ni msumba udoko mu msumba ukulu wa Johannesburg (Chigaŵa F), mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa, ku mmwela kwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Mbiri ya Zanzibar
Ufumu wa Zanzibar
Zanzibar wakaŵa wakumanyikwa pa caru cose cifukwa ca vyakununkhira na ŵazga ŵake. Mu vilimika vya m'ma 1800, caru ca Zanzibar cikamanyikwa pa caru cose, nga ni umo Petterson wakayowoyera kuti: "Cirwa ici cikaŵa na vyakununkhira vinandi, cikaŵa malo ghakofya gha wuzga, ndipo ŵanthu ŵakalutanga ku caru ici. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1800, mu Zanzibar mukaŵa ŵanthu pafupifupi 50,000 awo ŵakaguliskanga ŵazga. (David Livingstone wakati ŵazga ŵaphya 80,000 ŵakafwanga caka cilicose pambere ŵandafike pa cirwa ici.) Tippu wakaŵa wamalonda wa ŵazga wakumanyikwa comene, kweniso wakaŵa wamalonda, mweneko wa minda, ndiposo kazembe. Vyakununkhira vya ku Zanzibar vikakopanga ŵanthu kufuma ku vyaru vyakutali nga ni United States. Ufumu wa United Kingdom ukayamba kutemwa chomene charu cha Zanzibar cifukwa ca malonda kweniso kukhumba kumazga malonda gha ŵazga. Mu 1822, ŵa ku Britain ŵakacita phangano lakwamba na Sultan Said kuti ŵaleke kusuzga ŵanthu. Mu 1876, boma la Britain likakanizga kuguliska ŵazga, kweni ŵazga ŵakalutilira kuguliskika mu Zanzibar m'paka mu 1897.
Kujiyimira paŵekha na chipani
Pa 10 Disembala, 1963, Zanzibar yikapokera wanangwa wake kufuma ku United Kingdom nga ni boma lachifumu ilo likulongozgeka na Sultan. Vinthu ivi vikamara yayi, pakuti pa Janyuwale 12, 1964, themba la Zanzibar na boma lake ŵakathereskeka. Sheikh Abeid Amani Karume wakasankhika kuŵa purezidenti wa Republic of Zanzibar. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa mtundu wa Ŵaarabu (Ŵaarabu 5,000 m'paka 12,000 ŵa ku Zanzibar) na ŵa ku India ŵakakomeka ndipo ŵanyake ŵanandi ŵakakakika panji kuchimbizgika. Filimu ya Africa Addio yikulongosora nkhaza na kukoma ŵanthu ŵambura kuvikilirika ŵa mtundu wa Ciarabu.
Mu Zanzibar, cipandano ni cinthu cakuzirwa comene ca cikaya, ico cikulongosora za kufwatulika kwa ŵakayidi 545 pa cilimika ca nambara 10 na ungano wa ŵasilikari pa cilimika ca nambara 40. Zuŵa la Zanzibar Revolution Day laŵikika kuŵa holide na boma la Tanzania; likukondwelereka pa 12 January chaka chilichose.
Chaka vyasono
Pa Julayi 31, 2010, ŵanthu 66,2 pa 100 ŵakakolerana na fundo yakuti paŵe kusintha malango gha charu cha Zanzibar kuti vipani vyakwimikana vipangenge maboma gha umoza.
Zamora (Mexico)
Zamora (Mexico) ni msumba wakumanyikwa uwo ukusangika mu charu cha Mexico.
Araks, Vagharshapat
Araks, Vagharshapat ni muzi mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Armavir, mu charu cha Armenia.
Machakos County, Kenya
Machakos County, Kenya ni boma ilo likusangika mu charu cha Kenya mukati mwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Mohammad Mohammadullah
Mohammad Mohammadullah (1921–1999)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bangladesh kufuma 24 December 1973	 mpaka 27 January 1974.
Selby
Selby ni ni msumba udoko mu msumba ukulu wa Johannesburg (Chigaŵa F), mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa, ku mmwela kwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Ivyo vichali kupitilila
Ivyo vichali kupitilila ni mndandanda wa vinthu ivo vichali kutola malo nga ni matenda,vyongo(nkhondo) na vinyake.
Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem
Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem (1916–1997)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bangladesh kufuma 6 November 1975	 mpaka 21 April 1977.
Massachusetts
Massachusetts ni nthavwa (state) iyo ikusangika mu charu cha United States of America.Ndipo msumba ukulu wa boma wa nthavwa ili ni Boston
Naucalpan
Naucalpan ni msumba wakumanyikwa uwo ukusangika mu charu cha Mexico.
Abdur Rahman Biswas
Abdur Rahman Biswas (1926–2017)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bangladesh kufuma 10 October 1991	 mpaka 9 October 1996.
Colorado
Mbili
Ŵanthu awo ŵakapenjanga golide ŵakakhazikiska boma la kanyengo kachoko mu chigaŵa cha Jefferson pa Ogasiti 24, 1859, kweni boma ili likapokeka yayi na wupu wa United States. Pa Novembala 6, 1860, Abraham Lincoln wakasankhika kuŵa pulezidenti wa United States. Ivi vikapangiska kuti mafuko ghankhondi na ghatatu gha ŵazga ŵa ku South ghajipature ku boma la United States. Pakukhumba kukhozga mazaza gha vyalo vya Union, wupu wa Republican Party uwo ukalamuliranga na Congress ukazomelezga kuti chigaŵa cha kumafumiro gha dazi kwa chigaŵa cha Kansas chiŵe chigaŵa cha Union pa 29 Janyuwale 1861. Kweni chigaŵa cha kumanjiliro gha dazi cha chigaŵa cha Kansas na malo agho ŵakagwirangapo ntchito ya kujimira golide, ghakaŵa chigaŵa chambura kupangika.
Territory act
Phiri la Holy Cross, lajambulika na William Henry Jackson mu 1874
Mountains
Phiri la Elbert lili pa mtunda wa mamita 4,401.2 ndipo ni malo ghapachanya chomene ku Colorado na mu mapiri gha Rocky ku North America. Colorado ni boma la ku U.S. ilo lili pachanya pa mtunda wa mamita 1,000. Ku malo uko mlonga wa Arikaree ukuthira kufuma ku Yuma County, ku Colorado, na kunjira mu Cheyenne County, ku Kansas, ndiko kuli malo ghambura kuzingilizgika mu Colorado. Malo agha ghakaŵa ghatali chomene kuluska malo ghanyake ghose mu United States, ndipo ghakaŵa ghatali chomene kuluska malo ghanyake ghose mu vyaru 18 na mu chigaŵa cha Columbia.
Continental Divide
Mu mapiri gha Rocky muli mapaki ghakurughakuru agho ghali na madambo ghatali. Kumpoto, kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Continental Divide, kuli malo ghakucemeka North Park of Colorado. Mlonga wa North Platte ndiwo ukwenda mu North Park, ndipo ukwenda kumpoto m'paka ku Wyoming na Nebraska. Kumwera kwa North Park, kweni kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Continental Divide, kuli Middle Park of Colorado, iyo yikuthika na Mlonga wa Colorado. Ku South Park ku Colorado ndiko kuli maji gha mu Mlonga wa South Platte.
Western Slope
Mlonga wa Colorado na milonga yake yikwenda mu chigaŵa cha Western Slope (Kanandi ni Gunnison River, Green River, na San Juan River). Mlonga wa Colorado ukusolota mu Glenwood Canyon, ndipo kufuma apo ukujumpha mu chigodobu cha mapopa kufuma ku Rifle mpaka ku Parachute, ukujumpha mu chigodobu cha De Beque Canyon, na kunjira mu mapopa gha Grand Valley, uko kuli msumba wa Grand Junction.
Nyengo
Nyengo ya ku Colorado njakusuzga comene kuluska ku vigaŵa vinyake vya ku America. Mwakupambana na vigaŵa vinyake, kumwera kwa Colorado nyengo zose kukuzizima yayi kuluska kumpoto. Cigaŵa cikuru ca Colorado cili na mapiri, tumapiri, madambo, na mapopa. Mapiri na madambo ghakuzingilizga malo agha ghakupangiska kuti nyengo yiŵe yiwemi panji yiheni. Kumpoto, kumafumiro gha dazi, na kumwera kwa Colorado ni malo gha mapiri, ndipo kumpoto kwa Colorado kuli mapiri na mapiri. Kumpoto na kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Colorado kuli mapiri, ndipo malo ghanyake ni mapopa. Kumwera kwakumanjiliro gha dazi na kumwera kwa Colorado ni malo gha mapopa na mapiri.
Extreme weather
Ndipouli, malo ghanyake gha mapiri gha ku Colorado ghakuŵa na maji ghanandi chifukwa cha chiwuvi icho chikuwa mu nyengo ya chiwuvi. Para ciwuvi camara kusongonoka, maji ghakututuka comene mu Mlonga wa Yampa, Colorado, Rio Grande, Arkansas, North Platte, na South Platte.
Earthquakes
Pa Ogasiti 22, 2011, chindindindi chikuru chomene chikachitika pa mtunda wa makilomita 14 kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa msumba wa Trinidad. Pakaŵavya uyo wakafwa, ndipo vinthu vinyake ivyo vikanangika vikaŵa vichoko waka. Cindindindindi ici cikaŵa caciŵiri cikuru comene mu mdauko wa Colorado. Cindindindi cikuru comene ico cikacitika mu 1973 cikaŵa 5.7.
Ku Colorado kwacitika vindindindi 525 kwambira mu 1973, ndipo vinandi mwa ivi ni vya pakati pa 2 na 3.5 pa sikelo ya Richter.
Chiwerengero cha ŵanthu
Non-Hispanic White
{{legend|#cc4125|50–60%}}
Obesity
Kuyana na kafukufuku uyo wacitika, ŵanthu ŵa ku Colorado ndiwo mbakututuŵa comene kuluska waliyose mu caru ici. Kufika mu 2018, ŵanthu 24 pa ŵanthu 100 ŵaliwose ŵakaŵa na suzgo la kunona chomene, ndipo nangauli ichi ndicho chikaŵa chiŵelengero chichoko chomene mu charu ichi, kweni mu 2004 chikaŵa 17 pa ŵanthu 100 pera.
Mayendelo
Mu Ogasiti 2014, boma la Colorado likamba kupeleka makalata ghakuluta ku ŵanthu awo ŵakukhala ku United States kweni ŵalije vikalata vyakwendera. Mu Seputembala 2014, KCNC yikayowoya kuti ŵanthu 524 awo mba ku United States yayi ŵakapika ma layisensi gha kwendeska galimoto agho kanandi ghakupelekeka ku ŵanthu ŵa ku United States awo ŵakukhala ku Colorado.
State government
Kazembe wa Colorado ndiyo wakulongozga boma. Kazembe uyo waliko sono ni Jared Polis, wa ku Democratic Party. Ŵalaraŵalara ŵanyake ŵa boma la Colorado ni Lieutenant Governor of Colorado (uyo wakusankhika na Governor), Secretary of State of Colorado, Colorado State Treasurer, na Attorney General of Colorado, ndipo wose ŵakugwira nchito kwa vyaka vinayi.
Boma la Colorado ndilo likusonkha msonkho.
Politics
Nyengo yinyake boma la Colorado likawonekanga kuti ndambura kuvikilirika, kweni sono ni boma la ŵanthu ŵakuvikilirika. Pa visankho vya pulezidenti, pakaŵavya uyo wakathereskeka mpaka mu 2020 na ma digiti ghaŵiri kufuma mu 1984 ndipo wakakhozgera uyo wakathereskeka mu visankho 9 pa visankho 11 ivyo vyajumpha. Mu vyaka 100 ivyo vyajumpha, ŵanthu ŵa ku Colorado ŵasankha ŵalongozgi 17 ŵa chipani cha Democratic na 12 ŵa chipani cha Republic.
Malo ghakutetezeka
Ku Colorado ndiko kuli 4 national parks, 9 national monuments, 3 national historic sites, 2 national recreation areas, 4 national historic trails, 1 national scenic trail, 11 national forests, 2 national grasslands, 44 national wildernesses, 3 national conservation areas, 8 national wildlife refuges, 3 national heritage areas, 26 national historic landmarks, 16 national natural landmarks, more than 1,500 National Register of Historic Places, 1 wild and scenic river, 42 state parks, 307 state wildlife areas, 93 state natural areas, 28 national recreation trails, 6 regional trails, kweniso malo ghanyake ghakutowa ghakusungirako vinthu vyakale na malo ghanyake ghakusanguluskira.
Zillur Rahman
Zillur Rahman (1929–2013)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bangladesh kufuma 12 February 2009	 mpaka 20 March 2013.
Katuntha, Dowa
Katuntha ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa, chigaŵa cha Pakati, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Villahermosa
Villahermosa ni msumba wakumanyikwa uwo ukusangika mu charu cha Mexico.
B. J. Habibie
Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie (B. J. Habibie) (1936–2019)  wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Indonesia kufuma 21 May 1998	 mpaka 20 October 1999.
Nuevo Laredo
Nuevo Laredo ni msumba wakumanyikwa uwo ukusangika mu charu cha Mexico.
Lusagyugh, Armavir
Lusagyugh, Armavir ni muzi mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Armavir, mu charu cha Armenia.
West Pokot County, Kenya
West Pokot County, Kenya ni boma ilo likusangika mu charu cha Kenya mukati mwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Trans-Nzoia County, Kenya
Trans-Nzoia County, Kenya ni boma ilo likusangika mu charu cha Kenya mukati mwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Kayembe, Dowa
Kayembe ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa, chigaŵa cha Pakati, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Narciso Campero
Narciso Campero (1813–1896)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bolivia kufuma  9 January 1880 mpaka 4 September 1884.
Algeria
Algeria,panji kuti Democratic People's Republic of Algeria, ni chalo icho chili kumpoto kwa Africa. Charu cha Algeria chili kumafumiro gha dazi na Tunisia, kumafumiro gha dazi na Libya, kumwera kumafumiro gha dazi na Niger, kumwera kumanjiliro gha dazi na Mali, Mauritania, na Western Sahara, kumanjiliro gha dazi na Morocco, kumpoto na Nyanja ya Mediterranean. Charu ichi chili ku Northern Africa. Charu ichi chili na vyakumera vinandi, ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakukhala kumpoto kwa charu ichi. Charu cha Algeria chili na malo ghakukwana 2,381,741 square kilometres (919,595 sq mi), ndipo ni charu cha nambara 10 pa vyaru vikuruvikuru pa charu chose chapasi. Ku Algeria kuli ŵanthu 44 miliyoni. Ili ni charu cha nambara 10 pa vyaru vyose vya mu Africa. Msumba ukuru wa Algiers, uwo uli kumpoto chomene, uli mumphepete mwa nyanja ya Mediterranean.
Middle Ages
Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Berber ŵakazgoka Ŵasilamu. Ŵakhristu, ŵanthu awo ŵakayowoyanga Chiberberberia na Chilatini ndiwo ŵakaŵa ŵanandi chomene mu Tunisia m'paka kuumaliro wa vyaka vya m'ma 800 C.E. Ndipo Ŵasilamu ndiwo ŵakaŵa ŵanandi chomene mu vyaka vya m'ma 900 C.E. Pamanyuma pakuti ufumu wa Umayyad wathereskeka, pakaŵa mafumu ghanandi agho ghakawusa mu charu ichi nga ni Rustamids, Aghlabids, Fatimids, Zirids, Hammadids, Almoravids, Almohads, na Zayyanids. Ŵakhristu ŵakafumapo mu vigaŵa vitatu: mu nyengo ya 10 na 11 C.E., ŵakati ŵathereska ŵanthu ŵanandi. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Sicily ndiwo ŵakaŵafumiska ndipo awo ŵakakhalako ŵakafwa mu vyaka vya m'ma 1400. Mu vyaka vyapakati pa 500 na 1500 C.E., ku North Africa kukaŵa ŵasambizgi ŵanandi, ŵatuŵa, na mafumu, kusazgapo Judah Ibn Quraysh, uyo wakaŵa wakwamba kuyowoya viyowoyero vya ChiSemite na Chiberber, ŵasambizgi ŵakumanyikwa ŵa Sufi, Sidi Boumediene (Abu Madyan) na Sidi El Houari, kweniso Emirs Abd Al Mu'min na Yāghmūrasen. Pa nyengo iyi, Ŵafatemidi panji ŵana ŵa Fatima, mwana wa Muhammad, ŵakiza ku Maghreb. ŴaFatimidi aŵa ŵakalutilira kuwusa kwa nyengo yitali mu vyaru vya Maghreb, Hejaz, na Levant. Ufumu wa Fatimid ukayamba kumara apo ŵawusi ŵake ŵa Zirids ŵakajipatura. Kuti ŵaŵalangire, Ŵafatemidi ŵakatuma Ŵaarabu, Ŵanu Hilal na Ŵanu Sulaym kuti ŵaŵawukire. Nkhondo iyo yikacitika yikuzunulika mu buku la Tāghribāt. Mu buku la Al-Tāghrībāt, Mulongozgi wa Ŵaamazigh Zirid, Khālīfā Al-Zānatī, wakupempha zuŵa lililose kuti wachitenge viphalizgano kuti watonde mulongozgi wa Ŵahilalan, Ābu Zayd al-Hilalī na ŵalongozgi ŵanyake ŵanandi ŵa Ŵaarabu. Ndipouli, paumaliro Ŵaziri ŵakathereskeka ndipo ŵakamba kulondezga mitheto na kakhaliro ka Ŵaarabu. Ndipouli, mafuko gha Ŵamazigi ghakaŵa ghakujiyimira pawekha, ndipo ghakalondezganga fuko lawo, malo na nyengo iyo ŵakakhalanga. Boma la Chisilamu la Fatimid, ilo likumanyikwaso kuti Caliphate la Fatimid, likapangiska ufumu wa Chisilamu uwo ukaŵa na vyaru vya kumpoto kwa Africa, Sicily, Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Egypt, Africa, Tihamah, Hejaz na Yemen. Macaliphate gha kumpoto kwa Africa ghakaguliskanga vinthu na maufumu ghanyake gha nyengo yawo, kweniso ghakaŵa na maboma ghanyake gha Cisilamu.
Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Berber ŵakaŵa na mafuko ghanandi. Vigaŵa vikuruvikuru ivi vikaŵa Botr na Barnès, ivyo vikagaŵikana mu mafuko, kweniso mu vigaŵa vichokovichoko. Chigaŵa chilichose cha Maghreb chikaŵa na mafuko ghanandi (nga ni Sanhadja, Houara, Zenata, Masmouda, Kutama, Awarba, na Berghwata). Mafuko ghose agha ghakasankhanga yekha malo agho ghakeneranga kukhala.
Pamanyuma pa nkhondo zinandi na ŵasilikari ŵa ku Barbary awo ŵakalongozgekanga na mafumu gha Zayyanid, Spain wakaluta ku Algeria na kuthereska ufumu wa Tlemcen. Mu 1505, ŵakarwa nkhondo na kupoka Mers el Kébir, ndipo mu 1509 ŵakati ŵathereska msumba wa Oran. Ŵakati ŵathereska Ŵaalgeria, ŵa ku Spain ŵakamba kuwukira misumba yinyake ya ku Algeria. Mu 1510, ŵakamba kuwukira msumba wa Bejaia, ndipo ŵakathereska msumba wa Algiers. Kweniso ŵakazingilizga msumba wa Tlemcen. Mu 1511, ŵakatora msumba wa Cherchell na Jijel, ndipo ŵakathereska Mostaganem. Nangauli ŵakatondeka kuwupoka, kweni ŵakaŵakanizga kupeleka msonkho.
Ottoman era
Mubali munyake uyo wakaŵa Beylerbey wakaŵa mwana wa Hayreddin zina lake Hasan. Wakaŵa wa mtundu wa Kouloughli panji wa mitundu yakupambanapambana, pakuti anyina ŵakaŵa wa ku Algeria. M'paka mu 1587, Beylerbeylik wa ku Algiers wakawusikanga na Beylerbeys. Pamanyuma, boma likamba kulamulira, ndipo ŵalongozgi awo ŵakachemekanga kuti pasha ŵakateŵeteranga vyaka vitatu. Pasha wakawovwirikanga na gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa Janissary, awo ŵakamanyikwanga mu Algeria kuti Ojaq. Pakati pa vyaka vya m'ma 1600, Ojak ŵakakwiya chomene chifukwa chakuti ŵakapokeranga yayi malipiro nyengo zose. Pa cifukwa ici, agha ŵakamba kumupa mulandu Pasha wa vimbundi na kutondeka kucita makora vinthu, ndipo ŵakamba kuwusa mu 1659.
Lenughi
Lenughi ni muzi mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Armavir, mu charu cha Armenia.
Algeria
Makhalilo gha charu
Charu cha Algeria chili pakati pa latitude 19° na 37°N (chigaŵa chichoko chomene chili kumpoto kwa latitude 37°N na kumwera kwa latitude 19°N), kweniso pa longitude 9°W na 12°E. Malo ghanandi agho ghali mumphepete mwa nyanja ghali na tumapiri, ndipo kuli maboma ghachoko waka. Malo agho ghali kufupi na nyanja m'paka ku Tell Atlas ngakupambika makora. Kumwera kwa Tell Atlas kuli mapiri agho ghakumalira pa mapiri gha Sahara Atlas; kumwera kwake kuli mapopa gha Sahara.
Ŵankhondo
Mu 2007, ŵasilikari ŵa ku Algeria ŵakachita phangano na Russia kuti ŵagure ndege 49 za MiG-29SMT na 6 za MiG-29UBT. Russia wakuzengaso maboti ghaŵiri gha mtundu wa 636 gha ku Algeria.
David Toro
David Toro (1898–1977) wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bolivia kufuma 22 May 1936 mpaka 13 July 1937.
Mponda,Dowa
Mponda ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa,chigaŵa cha Pakati,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Elcedes
Elcedes ni ni msumba udoko mu msumba ukulu wa Johannesburg (Chigaŵa F), mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa, ku mmwela kwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Kericho County, Kenya
Kericho County, Kenya ni boma ilo likusangika mu charu cha Kenya mukati mwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Luchenga, Chama
Luchenga ni msumba mu Boma la Chama, Zambia.
Myasnikyan
Myasnikyan ni muzi mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Armavir, mu charu cha Armenia.
Algeria
Transport
Misewu ya ku Algeria ndiyo njakudumura chomene mu Africa; utali wake uli pa 180,000 km (110,000 mi) ya misewu, na vyakuzengeka vyakujumpha 3,756 na chiŵerengero cha vipata vya 85%. Mtundu uwu uzamusazgikaso na msewu ukuru wa East-West Highway, uwo ni mulimo ukuru comene uwo ukuchitika sono. Ni msewu wa makilomita 1,216 (756 mi), uwo ukuyaniska Annaba ku mafumiro gha dazi na Tlemcen kumanjiliro gha dazi. Kweniso ku Algeria kuli msewu ukuru wakuchemeka Trans-Sahara Highway. Boma la Algeria likovwira kuti nthowa iyi yikwendere makora ŵanthu ŵa mu vyaru 6 ivi: Algeria, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Chad, na Tunisia.
Mamerto Urriolagoitía
Mamerto Urriolagoitía (1895–1974)  wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bolivia kufuma  24 October 1949 mpaka 16 May 1951.
Algeria
Mtundu wa ŵanthu
Ŵanthu ŵa ku Algeria ŵali kufuma ku mitundu yinyake nga ni Ŵaarabu, Ŵaberi, Ŵafenikiya, Ŵaroma, Ŵavandal, Ŵagiriki ŵa ku Byzantium, Ŵaturuki, ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa, na Ŵafalansa. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Algiers na misumba yinyake ŵalipo awo mbana ŵa ŵanthu ŵakuchimbira kwawo ŵakufuma ku Andalusia. Kweniso ŵanthu ŵa ku Aragon na Castile awo ŵakaŵa Ŵamorisco ŵakayowoyanga Cisipanishi m'paka m'ma 1700.
Chisopo
Pambere charu cha Algeria chindambe kujiwusa chekha, ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 1.3 miliyoni ŵakaŵa Ŵakhristu. Ŵakhristu ŵanandi ŵakaluta ku France ŵakati ŵafumako ku France. Mazuŵa ghano, ciŵelengero ca Ŵakhristu cili pakati pa 20,000 na 200,000. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Algeria awo Mbakhristu ŵali mu magulu gha Chiprotesitanti.
Hugo Ballivián
Hugo Ballivián (1901–1993)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bolivia kufuma  16 May 1951 mpaka 11 April 1952.
Algeria
Sumo
Sumu ya Chaâbi ni sumu ya ku Algeria iyo yili na viyimbiro na ma Qacidate mu chiyowoyero cha Chiarabu. El Hadj M'Hamed El Anka wakuwoneka kuti ni munthu wakuzirwa comene pa ŵanthu awo ŵakucita maseŵero agha. Wakalemba sumu zakujumpha 350 na kupanga malekodi 130 pambere wandafwe mu 1978. Ŵasambiri ŵake ŵanandi ŵakazgoka ŵakwimba ŵakumanyikwa. Mtundu wa Constantinois Malouf ukuponoskeka na wakwimba uyo Mohamed Tahar Fergani wakwimba.
Gualberto Villarroel
Gualberto Villarroel (1908–1946)  wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bolivia kufuma  20 December 1943 mpaka 21 July 1946.
Algeria
Sumo
Sumu za mazuŵa ghano zili na mitundu yakupambanapambana. Muzi wa rap, uwo wafuma sonosono mu Algeria, ukukura comene.
Kaphikilo ka chakulya
Vyakurya vya ku Algeria ni vinandi chomene. Charu ichi ŵakachiwonanga nga ni "malo ghakusungiramo vyakurya gha Romu". Ku malo agha kuli vyakurya vyakupambanapambana kuyana na chigaŵa na nyengo. Mu vyakurya vyawo ŵakugwiliskira nchito vyakurya vya tirigu, cifukwa nyengo zose vikusangika vinandi mu caru ici. Palije cakurya ico palije vyamuminda.
Busia County, Kenya
Busia County, Kenya ni boma ilo likusangika mu charu cha Kenya mukati mwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Algeria
Sports
Munthu wakwamba wa ku Algeria na wa ku Africa uyo wakapokera mendulo ya golide wakaŵa Boughera El Ouafi pa maseŵero gha ku Amsterdam mu 1928. Alain Mimoun ndiyo wakaŵa wachiŵiri kupokera mendulo ya ku Algeria pa maseŵero gha ku Melbourne mu 1956. Ŵanalume na ŵanakazi ŵanandi ŵakaŵa ŵalongozgi ŵa maseŵero gha maseŵero mu ma 1990, kusazgapo Noureddine Morceli, Hassiba Boulmerka, Nouria Merah-Benida, na Taoufik Makhloufi, wose ŵakathamanga mtunda wapakati.
Mtiti, Dowa
Mtiti ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa, chigaŵa cha Pakati, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Mayabeque
Mayabeque (Provincia de Mayabeque, panji Chigaŵa cha Mayabeque ) ntchimoza mwa vigaŵa viŵili viphya ivo vilikupangika kufumila mu chigaŵa chakale cha La Habana Province,ndipo upangi wake ukazomelezgeka na Cuban National Assembly pa 1 Ogasiti, 2010.Chigaŵa chiphya ichi chikayamba kuseŵeza mu chaka cha 2011,pa 1 Janyuwale.
Jaime Paz Zamora
Jaime Paz Zamora (kubabika 1939)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bolivia kufuma  6 August 1989 mpaka 6 August 1993.
Jorge Quiroga
Jorge Quiroga (kubabika 1960)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bolivia kufuma  7 August 2001 mpaka 6 August 2002.
Potter County
Potter County ni komboni panji nkhalwe (county) yakusangika mu boma panji nthavwa (state) ya Pennsylvania mu charu cha United States of America ku Amelika.
Eduardo Rodríguez Veltzé
Eduardo Rodríguez Veltzé (kubabika 1956)  wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bolivia kufuma  9 June 2005 mpaka 22 January 2006.
Karakert
Karakert ni muzi mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Armavir, mu charu cha Armenia.
Cienfuegos
Cienfuegos ni msumba ku mmwela mu charu cha Cuba. Msumba uwu uli makilomita 250 km kufuma mu msumba ukulu wa Havana ndipo chiŵelengelo cha ŵanthu ni 150,000.Kufuma muma 1960, Cienfuegos ghakhala malo gha makamupani ghapachanya mu charu cha Cuba chomene ku nkhani ya magesi na chuga.
Chanya
Machanya ni mabola gha chalo agho ghali mu mlengalenga. Pachizungu ghakuchemeka planets.
Pike County
Pike County ni komboni panji nkhalwe (county) yakusangika mu boma panji nthavwa (state) ya Pennsylvania mu charu cha United States of America ku Amelika.
Sylvie Kinigi
Sylvie Kinigi (kubabika 1953)  wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Burundi kufuma  27 October 1993	 mpaka 5 February 1994.
Philadelphia County
Philadelphia County ni komboni panji nkhalwe (county) yakusangika mu boma panji nthavwa (state) ya Pennsylvania mu charu cha United States of America ku Amelika.
Wupu
Wupu ni ulongozgi na ungano uwo ŵanthu ŵakukhala pamoza na kuchita, na chakulinga cha kukwaniliska masompheya.
François Ngeze
François Ngeze (kubabika 1953)  wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Burundi kufuma  21 October 1993	 mpaka 27 October 1993.
Chisansu, Chitipa
Chisansu ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Chitipa,mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Clearfield County
Clearfield County ni komboni panji nkhalwe (county) yakusangika mu boma panji nthavwa (state) ya Pennsylvania mu charu cha United States of America ku Amelika.
Liverpool F.C. (W.B. Liverpool)
Liverpool Football Club (Wupu labola la Liverpool) ni wupu lotchaya bola mwa ukhwantha ku msumba wa Liverpool, England. Liverpool yikutchaya bola mu nkhombo ya Premier League, Nkhombo yapachanya chomene mu England. Wupu ili likapandika mu 1892, nakusazgika mu Football League chaka chamthazi zakhe ndipo yasebela bola ku lubaza la Anfield kwamba penepapo.
Hassan Gouled Aptidon
Hassan Gouled Aptidon (1916–2006)  wakawa prezidenti wakwamba wa chalo cha  Djibouti kufuma  27 June 1977	 mpaka 8 May 1999.
Fernando Márquez de la Plata
Fernando Márquez de la Plata (1740–1818) wakawa prezidenti wachitatu wa chalo cha Chile kufuma  2 April 1811	mpaka 4 July 1811.
José Miguel Carrera
José Miguel Carrera (1785–1821) wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Chile kufuma  6 December 1812	mpaka 30 March 1813.
Bucks County
Bucks County ni komboni panji nkhalwe (county) yakusangika mu boma panji nthavwa (state) ya Pennsylvania mu charu cha United States of America ku Amelika.
Bad Tatzmannsdorf
Bad Tatzmannsdorf ni msumba mu boma la Burgenland mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Lancaster County
Lancaster County ni komboni panji nkhalwe (county) yakusangika mu boma panji nthavwa (state) ya Pennsylvania mu charu cha United States of America ku Amelika.
Wendy Guerra
Pamanyuma pa kucita maseŵero gha pa filimu na pa wayilesi ya ku Cuba, wakamba kulemba mabuku ndipo wakazomerezgeka luŵiro comene mu vyaru vinyake kuluska mu Cuba. Ŵanthu ŵakumuwona kuti ni "mulembi wa mabuku gha ku Cuba".
Crawford County
Crawford County ni komboni panji nkhalwe (county) yakusangika mu boma panji nthavwa (state) ya Pennsylvania mu charu cha United States of America ku Amelika.
Mkhalanjoka, Dowa
Mkhalanjoka ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa, chigaŵa cha Pakati, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Monteavan
Monteavan ni muzi mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Armavir, mu charu cha Armenia.
Kolowiro, Dowa
Kolowiro ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa, chigaŵa cha Pakati, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Kamphyongo, Chitipa
Kamphyongo ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Chitipa,mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Village Main
Village Main ni ni msumba udoko mu msumba ukulu wa Johannesburg (Chigaŵa F), mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa, ku mmwela kwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Kapoka, Chitipa
Kapoka ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Chitipa,mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Forchtenstein
Forchtenstein ni msumba mu boma la Burgenland mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Snyder County
Bold
José Antonio Salcedo
José Antonio Salcedo (1816–1864)  wakawa mlala wa chalo cha Dominican Republic kufuma 14 September 1863	 mpaka 10 October 1864.
Juan Bosch
Juan Bosch (1909–2001)  wakawa mlala wa chalo cha Dominican Republic kufuma 27 February 1963	 mpaka 25 September 1963.
Lufita, Chitipa
Lufita ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Chitipa,mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Großpetersdorf
Großpetersdorf ni msumba mu boma la Burgenland mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Calloway County, Kentucky
Calloway County, Kentucky ni malo/komboni panji nkhalwe (county) yakusangika mu boma/nthavwa (state) ya Kentucky mu charu cha United States of America ku Amelika.
Armavir (village)
Armavir (village) ni muzi mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Armavir, mu charu cha Armenia.
Clark County, Kentucky
Clark County, Kentucky ni malo/komboni panji nkhalwe (county) yakusangika mu boma/nthavwa (state) ya Kentucky mu charu cha United States of America ku Amelika.
Kuyambana za mphaka mu Chigaŵa cha Luapula (Zambia)
November 1966
Mu Zambia, Secretary Permanent mu Ministry of Lands wakalembera kalata Permanent Secretary mu Ministry of Foreign Affairs yakuyowoya za mphaka ya Mpweto/Lake Tanganyika. Wakayowoya kuti pakuti mphaka yikaŵa yambura kuwoneka makora, ntchakukhumbikwa kuyowoyeskana ndipo wakaphalira kuti paŵe Komiti Yakukolerana ya Mphepete mwa Malire.
Kuyowoya mwakudumura
Chienge wakababikaso pamanyuma pa vilimika 106 kufuma apo wakajulikira. Wakajulika pa Cinkhondi, Disembala 20, 1996, apo pakaŵa mphala ya Chienge kweniso nduna ya vyaumoyo Dr. Katele Kalumba pamoza na ŵantchito ŵanandi ŵa chipani na boma. Dr. Kalumba, pamoza na Commissioner of Town and Country Planning mu Ministry of Local Government Dr. Khonje, Director of Health Planning and Development, Mr. Vincent Musowe wa Ministry of Health, ndipo ŵakudangilira na Mr. T.S. Phiri, Secretary wa Council ku Nchelenge, wakawonelera kusankhika kwa Mr Mwanda wa Senior Chief Puta ̊s kuŵa Chairman wa Council wa Chienge, apo Mr Bowa wa Senior Chief Mununga ̊s wakaŵa Vice Chairman.
Argavand, Armavir
Argavand, Armavir ni muzi mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Armavir, mu charu cha Armenia.
Boone County, Kentucky
Boone County, Kentucky ni malo/komboni panji nkhalwe (county) yakusangika mu boma/nthavwa (state) ya Kentucky mu charu cha United States of America ku Amelika.
Großhöflein
Großhöflein ni msumba mu boma la Burgenland mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Inzenhof
Inzenhof ni msumba mu boma la Burgenland mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Chinkhwawu cha Olduvai
Vyakovwira vya malibwe na awo ŵakuvipanga
Kweni ivyo ŵakasanga mu vyaka vya m'ma 1960 vikaŵa vyakupambana. Chiwangwa ichi chikaŵavya chiwangwa cha sagittal, ndipo wongo ukaŵa wakuzingilizgika, kulongora kuti ukaŵa wa australopithecine yayi. Chiŵiya chikuru ichi chikulongora kuti wongo wake ukaŵa ukuru chomene kuluska wa Australopithecus boisei. Vinthu ivi vikalongora kuti pakaŵa mtundu unyake wa vinyama. Maghanoghano ghake ghakaŵa ghakuru chomene ndipo mino ghake ghakaŵa ghachoko chomene.
Vinthu vyakale comene ivyo vikusangika ku Olduvai, vikaŵa vya majeremusi agho ghakaŵa pasi chomene. Pa malo agha, ndipo pamasinda pa malo agha, pakaŵa vyakumera vyakuchemeka Chellean na Acheulean. Pa malo agha pakaŵa vinthu vya Levallois, ndipo paumaliro pakaŵa vinthu vya Stillbay. Vyakovwira vya Oldowan vikuchemeka kuti "vyakovwira vya malibwe" chifukwa malibwe agho munthu wakughakora ghakaŵa nga ni malibwe agho ghafuma kale. Mary Leakey wakalemba viŵiya vya Oldowan kuyana na umo vikagwiliriranga ntchito; wakapangiska viŵiya vya Oldowan A, B, na C, ndipo wakaviyaniska na viŵiya vya Modes 1, 2, na 3. Mulimo wake ukuŵa wakovwira chomene pakusanda umo vinthu vikasinthira mu nyengo ya Pleistocene.
Vyakovwira vya Oldowan vili mu vigaŵa vya I ̇IV pa Olduvai Gorge. Chiŵaya I, icho chili na vyaka vyapakati pa 1.85 mya na 1.7 mya, chili na viŵiya vya Oldowan na viswaswa vya Paranthropus boisei na Homo habilis, kweniso chiŵaya II, icho chili na vyaka vyapakati pa 1.7 mya na 1.2 mya. H. habilis wakasinthika na Homo erectus pafupifupi vyaka 1.6 ivyo vyajumpha, kweni P. boisei wakalutilira. Viŵiya vya Oldowan vikulutilira kufika pa bedi lacinayi pa msinkhu wa pakati pa 800,000 na 600,000 (BP). Kusintha kukuru kukacitika pakati pa viŵaya I na II pafupifupi 1.5 mya. Utali wawo ukakuranga, mphonje za visko viŵiri (m'malo mwa mphonje za chisko chimoza) zikaŵanga zinandi, ndipo vimanyikwiro vya kutikitira pa vinthu vinyake vikakuranga. Vinthu vinyake ivyo vikulongora kuti ŵanthu aŵa ŵakamba kugwiliskira ntchito chomene vinthu ivi, ndipo ŵakamba kugwiliskira ntchito chomene vinthu ivi.
Hunters or scavengers?
Vinthu vinandi vyakukhwaskana na ŵanthu ŵakwambilira vikufuma ku vinthu vyakugwilira ntchito na viswaswa ivyo vili kufuma ku malo nga ni FLK-Zinjanthropus mu Olduvai Gorge. Ŵanthu ŵakwambilira ŵakasankhanga malibwe ghanyake agho ghakasunkhunyikanga para ŵagwirapo ntchito, ndipo ŵakayeghanga malibwe agha kufuma ku malo ghakutali chomene. Ŵakufukura vinthu vyakale nga ni Fiona Marshall, ŵakakhozga kuti malibwe ghaŵikikane pamoza nga ni pulogiramu. Mu nkhani yake ya mutu wakuti "Life in Olduvai Gorge", iyo wakalemba, wakati ŵanthu ŵakwambilira "ŵakamanya umo ŵangaswera pa malibwe kuti ŵapangenge vizwazwa vyakuthwa". Wakayowoya kuti ŵakasoranga vizwazwa kuti ŵadumulirepo nyama, ndipo ŵakagwiliskiranga ntchito vizwazwa kuti ŵadumulirepo minofu ya viŵeto.
Mazgo gha ChiTumbuka agho tanandi tikughamanya chala
Mazgo gha ChiTumbuka agho tanandi tikughamanya chala ni mndandanda wa mazgo agho ŵayowoyi ŵanadi ŵakughapanikizga makola chala.
Nelson County, Kentucky
Nelson County, Kentucky ni malo/komboni panji nkhalwe (county) yakusangika mu boma/nthavwa (state) ya Kentucky mu charu cha United States of America ku Amelika.
Graves County, Kentucky
Graves County, Kentucky ni malo/komboni panji nkhalwe (county) yakusangika mu boma/nthavwa (state) ya Kentucky mu charu cha United States of America ku Amelika.
Chigaŵa cha Santiago de Cuba
Mbiri
Santiago de Cuba wakaŵa pa nkhondo zinandi kufuma mu ulamulilo wajilamulila payekha na pa 1959 Msintho wa Cuba (Revolución Cubana),apo pakachitika nkhondo zinandi mu malo gha mapili.Pambele 1976,Cuba wakagaŵanika mu vigaŵa 6.Chimoza mwa vigaŵa ivi chikaŵa chigaŵa cha Oriente,icho chikaŵa,pambele 1905,chakumanyikwa na zina lakuti Chigaŵa cha Santiago de Cuba.Chigaŵa cha sono cha kummwela cha pakati ntchimoza na Oriente.
Ukaboni
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santiago_de_Cuba_Province#:~:text=Santiago.cu%20(in,English%20and%20Spanish)
Kittsee
Kittsee ni msumba mu boma la Burgenland mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Jefferson County, Kentucky
Jefferson County, Kentucky ni malo/komboni panji nkhalwe (county) yakusangika mu boma/nthavwa (state) ya Kentucky mu charu cha United States of America ku Amelika.
Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk
Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (1850–1937)  wakawa mlala wa chalo cha  Czechoslovakia kufuma 4 November 1918	 mpaka 14 December 1935.
Aknalich
Aknalich ni muzi mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Armavir, mu charu cha Armenia.
Kasanthulo
Kasanthulo (Sayansi) ni mlimo wambula sankho, wambula kumala, uwo ukuzenga na kusanja umanyi kuti uŵe mu kaŵiro ka vya kulongosola ivyo vingapimika na vya kuloska vyokhwaska Ulengiwa.
Mbiri la lizgo
Kale, Sayansi (kusanthura) yikaŵa lizgu ilo likang'anamuranga "kumanya" panji "kusambira", mwakuyana na umo likambira mu Chilatini. Munthu uyo wakachitanga kafukufuku wa kusanthura wakachemekanga "munthu wavinjeru vya kasanthuro". Mu 1834, William Whewell wakambiska mazgu ghakuti "waKasanthuro" mu buku lakhe lakusanda buku la Mary Somerville lakuti On the Connection of the Physical Sciences, ndipo wakalemba kuti "munthu munyake wavinjeru" (uyu panji akaŵa iyo mwene).
Mbiri yakudanga
Kasanthuro kukamba na munthu yumoza yayi. Kweni nthowa zakwendera vinthu zikawoneka pachoko na pachokopachoko mu vyaka vinandi, ndipo vichoko pela ndivyo vikumanyikwa vya Kasanthuro kwa mwaka. Mu nyengo yakale, ŵanthu ŵakagwiranga ntchito yikuru chomene pa makani gha kasanthuro, nga umo vikaŵira na mipingo. Ŵakasanthuro ŵanyake ŵakugwiliskira ntchito mazgu ghakuti "proto-science" kuti ŵalongosore vinthu ivyo vikachitikanga kale ivyo vikuyana waka na Kasanthuro ka mazuŵa ghano, kweni vyose yayi. Kweni ŵanthu ŵakususka kuti vinthu ivi vikususkana na ivyo ŵanthu ŵakuchita.
Nyengo za mwaka
Aristotle mu vyaka vya m'ma 400 B.C.E., wakambiska ndondomeko yakulongosora vyakukhoma vya luso la ŵakasanthuro. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 300 P.K., Wakusanda Mlengalenga, Aristarchus wa ku Samos, uyo wakaŵa wakwamba kulongosola ulengiwa na chiyezgero cha cha heliocentric ilo likulongosola kuti zuŵa ndilo lili pakati pa Vyaru vyose ivi vikulizingilila. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakakana fundo ya Aristarchus chifukwa ŵakagomezganga kuti yikususkana na malango gha fizika, apo buku la Ptolemy lakuti Almagest, ilo lili na ndondomeko ya ku malo gha dazi, likapokeka mu nyengo ya Renaissance. Munthu munyake uyo wakalemba mabuku na masamu, Archimedes wa ku Syracuse, wakawovwira chomene pa nkhani ya masimu. Pliny Mukuru wakaŵa mulembi wa Ŵaroma kweniso wasayansi wa vya sayansi, ndipo wakalemba buku la Natural History.
Nyengo ya kungweruka
Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1500 C.E., Nicolaus Copernicus wakalemba fundo yakuti mapulaneti ghakuzingilira zuŵa. Wakagomezganga fundo yakuti mapulaneti ghakuzingilira charu chapasi nyengo yitali chomene chifukwa chakuti ghakuzingilira charu ndipo ghali kutali chomene na malo agho ghakusendelera.
Metcalfe County, Kentucky
Metcalfe County, Kentucky ni malo/komboni panji nkhalwe (county) yakusangika mu boma/nthavwa (state) ya Kentucky mu charu cha United States of America ku Amelika.
Kasanthulo
M'ma 1800
Fundo iyi yikamba mu vyaka vya m'ma 1800 apo Hans Christian Ørsted, André-Marie Ampère, Michael Faraday, James Clerk Maxwell, Oliver Heaviside, na Heinrich Hertz ŵakalemba. Fundo yiphya iyi yikapangiska kuti paŵe mafumbo agho ghangazgoreka makora yayi na fundo ya Newton. Mu 1896, Henri Becquerel na Marie Curie ŵakabowozga vyakuti vinthu vili na nkhongono ya radiation. Chaka chinyakeso, ŵakasanga kuti pali kachikhumi kakwamba, ka elekitironi.
Kasanthurilo Kakukhoma
Kasanthuro ka makompyuta yikugwiliskira ntchito nkhongono ya kompyuta kuti yilengeske vinthu ivyo vikuchitika nadi. Kugwiliskira nchito makina ghakusambizga vinthu na vinjeru vya wunthu kukuzgoka cinthu cakuzirwa comene pa nkhani ya sayansi, nga umo tikucitira pa nkhani ya makompyuta. Ndipouli, makina ghekha ghakumanya vinandi yayi chifukwa ghakukhumbikwira munthu kuti waŵalongozge na kuŵawovwira.
Unjeru wa kusanthura
Fundo yinyake, iyo njakuti, instrumentalism, yikulongora kuti vinjeru ni vyakuzirwa nkhanira pakulongosora na kuneneranga vinthu. Likuti vinthu vya kasanthuro ni vyakubiskika, ndipo vikovwira waka umo vingaŵira (vyapakudanga) na umo vyambirenge (vyakuloska). Ŵanthu ŵakuti vinthu ivyo vikuchitika, vinthu vya mu maghanaghano, na umo vinthu viliri, vikwenera kuperekeka yayi. Kuyana na fundo iyi, fundo yikuru iyo yikovwira munthu kuti wasambire vya sayansi njakuti ivyo likuyowoya pa nkhani ya vinthu ivyo tingaviwona ni vyaunenesko.
Ŵasayansi
Ŵakasanthuro ŵakutemwa chomene kusanda vya vinthu vyenecho ndipo ŵakukhumba kuti ŵasange chandulo na vinthu ivyo ŵakasanthuro ŵakuchita kuti vinthu viŵayendere makora, umo ŵangachitira na ŵanthu, charu, na malo agho ŵakukhala. Vinyake ivyo vikupangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵamanye makora vinthu ni kuzirwa kwa ŵanyawo. Mazuŵa ghalero, ŵakasanthuro ŵanandi ŵali na madigiri ghapachanya mu ŵakasanthuro ndipo ŵakulutilira kucita milimo mu vyaru vyakupambanapambana vya chuma nga ni masukulu, mawupu, boma, na mawupu ghambura kupenja ndalama.
Königsdorf, Austria
Königsdorf, Austria ni msumba mu boma la Burgenland mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Kasanthulo
Ndalama na ndondomeko
Ndondomeko za kasanthuro zikukhwaska ndondomeko izo zikukhwaskanga umo ntchito za pa kasanthuro zikuchitikira, kusazgapo ndalama zakupeleka ku kafukufuku, ndipo umo kanandi zikovwilira kuti vinthu vinyake vya pa charu viŵe makora nga nkhusintha vinthu pa makani gha vyakuzenga vya luso la kasanthuro, kupanga virwelo, kupwelelera umoyo, na kulondezga vinthu vya mu malo. Nyengo zinyake fundo za kasanthuro zikung'anamura kugwiliskira ntchito vinjeru vya sayansi na umo ŵanthu ŵakukolerana pakusankha ndondomeko za boma. Mu ndondomeko za boma, izo zikukhwaska na umoyo wa ŵanthu, chirato cha kasanthuro nchakuti ŵakasanthuro na ŵantchito ŵithu ŵasambire umo ŵangateŵetera ŵanthu. Ndondomeko za boma zingaŵakhwaska mwambura kunweka ŵanthu awo ŵakovwira pa ntchito ya kupangiska ndalama na kuwunjika vinthu vyauzimu kuti ŵasange ndalama zakwendeskera kafukufuku.
Jose P. Laurel
Jose P. Laurel (1891–1959)  wakawa mlala wa chalo cha  Philippines kufuma October 14, 1943 – August 17, 1945.
Khave,Thyolo
Khave ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Thyolo,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Morgan County, Kentucky
Morgan County, Kentucky ni malo/komboni panji nkhalwe (county) yakusangika mu boma/nthavwa (state) ya Kentucky mu charu cha United States of America ku Amelika.
McCreary County, Kentucky
McCreary County, Kentucky ni malo/komboni panji nkhalwe (county) yakusangika mu boma/nthavwa (state) ya Kentucky mu charu cha United States of America ku Amelika.
Mchenga,Thyolo
Mchenga ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Thyolo,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Maonga,Thyolo
Maonga ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Thyolo,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Mbandanga,Thyolo
Mbandanga ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Thyolo,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Motheriwa,Thyolo
Motheriwa ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Thyolo,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Nangwengwere, Thyolo
Nangwengwere ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Thyolo,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Moschendorf
Moschendorf ni msumba mu boma la Burgenland mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Casey County, Kentucky
Casey County, Kentucky ni malo/komboni panji nkhalwe (county) yakusangika mu boma/nthavwa (state) ya Kentucky mu charu cha United States of America ku Amelika.
Mauno Koivisto
Mauno Koivisto (1923–2017)  wakawa mlala wa chalo cha  Finland kufuma 27 January 1982	 mpaka 1 March 1994.
Martti Ahtisaari
Martti Ahtisaari (kubabika 1937)  wakawa mlala wa chalo cha  Finland kufuma 1 March 1994	 mpaka 1 March 2000.
Nkaombe,Thyolo
Nkaombe ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Thyolo,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
John Kufuor
John Kufuor (kubabika 1938)  wakawa mlala wa chalo cha  Ghana kufuma 7 January 2001	 mpaka 7 January 2009.
Nana Akufo-Addo
Nana Akufo-Addo (kubabika 1944)  ni mlala wa chalo cha  Ghana kufuma 7 January 2017.
Manthimba, Thyolo
Manthimba ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Thyolo,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Riedlingsdorf
Riedlingsdorf ni msumba mu boma la Burgenland mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Lawrence County, Kentucky
Lawrence County, Kentucky ni malo/komboni panji nkhalwe (county) yakusangika mu boma/nthavwa (state) ya Kentucky mu charu cha United States of America ku Amelika.
Shenavan, Armavir
Shenavan, Armavir ni muzi mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Armavir, mu charu cha Armenia.
Mason County, Kentucky
Mason County, Kentucky ni malo/komboni panji nkhalwe (county) yakusangika mu boma/nthavwa (state) ya Kentucky mu charu cha United States of America ku Amelika.
Mbili ya South Africa
Ŵanthu ŵakwambilira ŵakamba kukhala ku South Africa vyaka vyakujumpha 100,000 ivyo vyajumpha. Mbiri yakale ya charu cha South Africa yili kugaŵika mu vigaŵa viŵiri: nyengo ya malibwe na nyengo ya visulo. Viŵaro vya viŵeto vya Australopithecine vikusangika ku Taung na mu mphanji za malibwe gha malibwe gha limestone ku Sterkfontein, Swartkrans na Kromdraai. Mu 1999, wupu wa Unesco ukati malo agha ntchiharo cha pa charu chose.
San na Khoikhoi
Mu 1652, kampani ya Dutch East India Company yikati yakhazikiska malo agha, Khoikhoi ŵakamba kulimbana na Ŵachidachi pa nkhani ya malo. Ŵanthu ŵakamba kwiba ng'ombe na kwiba viŵeto. Nkhondo yakwamba ya Khoikhoi na Dutch yikacitika mu 1659, yachiŵiri mu 1673, ndipo yacitatu mu 1674 na 1677. Pa nyengo iyo ŵakathereskekera na kuchimbizgika ku Cape Peninsula na vigaŵa vyakuzingilizga, ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Khoikhoi ŵakakomeka na nthenda ya nthomba iyo yikamba kwiza na ŵanthu ŵa ku Netherlands.
Raiding, Austria
Raiding, Austria ni msumba mu boma la Burgenland mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Mbili ya South Africa
Chikoloni cha Dutch (1652–1815)
Ŵasilikari ŵa VOC ŵakakhalanga ku Cape kuti ŵapeleke vyakurya ku ngaraŵa zawo. Cape na VOC ŵakeneranga kukora ŵalimi ŵa ku Netherlands kuti ŵakhazikiske minda iyo yikapelekanga vyakurya ku ngaraŵa izo zikendanga pafupi na malo agha. Gulu lichoko waka la ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga ku malo agha, likakura comene ndipo ŵakamba kusanuzga minda yawo kumpoto na kumafumiro gha dazi. Ŵanthu aŵa ŵakaŵa ŵasilikari na ŵalimi ŵa VOC awo ŵakatondeka kuwelera ku Holland apo ŵakamalizganga nchito yawo. Wupu wa VOC ukatozgaso ŵazga 71,000 kufuma ku India, Indonesia, East Africa, Mauritius, na Madagascar.
Nkhondo na kusazgikira kwa vinthu mu caru ca Zulu
Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Zulu ŵali mu fuko la Nguni ndipo pakwamba ŵakaŵa ŵa fuko lichoko chomene ilo lili kumpoto kwa KwaZulu-Natal.
M'ma 1820 kukaŵa nyengo ya masuzgo ghakuru chifukwa cha kusazgikira kwa ŵasilikari ŵa Ufumu wa Zulu, uwo ukasinthanga muwuso wa mafuko gha mu Africa na maufumu. Ŵanthu awo ŵakuyowoya Chisotho ŵakumanya nyengo iyi kuti ni difaqane ("kusama mwakuchichizgika"); ndipo awo ŵakuyowoya Chisulu ŵakuyichema kuti mfecane ("kuswa").
Cape Colony
Smith wakalutilira kusazgirako malo gha Cape Colony ndipo wakasangana na ŵanthu ŵa ku Orange River awo ŵakakondwa yayi na ivyo ŵakachitanga. Mu 1848, ŵanthu ŵa ku Cape Mounted Rifles ŵakathereska ŵanthu ŵa ku Boomplaats. Kweniso kukolerana na ufumu wa Britain kukapangiska kuti mu 1850 paŵe nkhondo pakati pa ŵasilikari ŵa Britain na ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Xhosa.
Kwambira m'ma 1800, Cape of Good Hope, iyo yikaŵa chigaŵa chikuru chomene kumwera kwa Africa, yikamba kujiyimira payekha. Mu 1854, boma ili likapika mazaza ghakwendeskera malango, ndipo likachemeka Cape Parliament.
Pöttelsdorf
Pöttelsdorf ni msumba mu boma la Burgenland mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Mulolo,Thyolo
Mulolo ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Thyolo,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Mbili ya South Africa
Nkhondo na Ŵazulu
Kuwina kwa Ŵazulu, uko kukaŵa umaliro wa wanangwa wa mtundu wa Ŵazulu, kukacitika na wovwiri wa ŵanthu awo ŵakakolerananga na Ŵazulu. Ŵanalume ŵa ku Britain ŵakamba kupanga minda yikuru ya shuga mu chigaŵa icho sono chikuchemeka KwaZulu-Natal Province.
Nkhondo na Basotho
Pakupeleka cilango ku Basotho, kazembe na mulongozgi wa Cape Colony, George Cathcart, wakatuma ŵasilikari ku Mlonga wa Mohokare. Cifukwa cakuti wakakana kulipira ndalama zose, mu 1852 ku Berea Plateau kukawuka nkhondo, ndipo ŵasilikari ŵa Britain ŵakakomeka comene. Mu 1854, ŵa ku Britain ŵakapeleka chigaŵa ichi ku Ŵaburu. Malo agha pamoza na ghanyake ghakazgoka Republic of the Orange Free State.
Kusanga dayamondi
Malibwe ghakwamba agho ghakasangika pakati pa 1866 na 1867 ghakaŵa gha mu malo agho ghakaŵa kumwera kwa Mlonga wa Orange. Kuzakafika mu 1869, dayamondi ŵakayisanga kutali na mlonga uliwose, mu malibwe ghakukhoma ghakucemeka blueground, agho pamasinda ghakacemekanga kimberlite. Malo agha ghakaŵa na mphaka zambura kupulikikwa makora kweniso ŵanthu ŵakakwesananga pa nkhani ya malo. Boma la South Africa (Transvaal), Orange Free State Republic, na mtundu wa Griqua awo ŵakaŵa na mitundu yakupambanapambana awo ŵakalongozgekanga na Nicolaas Waterboer ndiwo ŵakakhumbanga malo agha. Kazembe wa Cape Colony, Henry Barkly, wakapangiska ŵanthu wose awo ŵakakhumbanga kuŵa na boma kuti ŵapulikire ivyo mweruzgi wakadumura, ntheura Robert W. Keate, mulaŵiliri mulara wa boma la Natal, wakapempheka kuti waŵe mweruzgi. Keate wakapeleka katundu uyu ku Griqua. Ŵasilikari ŵa ku Waterboer, ŵakawopa kuti ŵangakumana na boma la Orange Free State, ndipo ŵakapempha wovwiri ku Britain. Kufuma apo, mu 1871, Griqualand yikazgoka koloni lakwimira ufumu ndipo yikachemeka Griqualand West.
Kusanga golide
Pakati pajumpha vilimika viŵiri kufuma apo ŵakasangira golide ku Witwatersrand, ŵakazenga mabungwe ghanayi ghakwendeska migodi. Yachiŵiri yikapangika na Hermann Eckstein mu 1887, ndipo pamanyuma yikamba kucemeka Rand Mines. Pamanyuma pake, Cecil Rhodes na Charles Rudd ŵakaluta na kampani yawo ya Gold Fields of South Africa. Rhodes na Rudd ŵakaŵa kuti ŵasanga ndalama zinandi cifukwa ca kuguliska dayamondi ku Kimberley. Mu 1895, ndalama zinandi zikaguliskika mu migodi ya golide ya ku Witwatersrand. Vinthu ivi ndivyo vikawovwiranga chomene pa malonda pa charu chose.
Milonga,Thyolo
Milonga ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Thyolo,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Ntundama,Thyolo
Ntundama ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Thyolo,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.