cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Sierra Leone
Ŵanthu
Mu Sierra Leone, ŵanthu ŵakupambana chomene. Chigaŵa cha Western Area Urban District, icho chikusazgapo Freetown, msumba ukuru na ukuru chomene, chili na ŵanthu 1,224 pa km2. Chigaŵa chikuru chomene cha Koinadugu chili na ŵanthu ŵachoko chomene, ŵanthu 21.4 pa km2.
Kuyana na lipoti la World Refugee Survey 2008, ilo Komiti ya ku United States yakuwona vya ŵanthu ŵakuchimbira kwawo na awo ŵiza mu charu ichi yikalemba, ku Sierra Leone kukaŵa ŵanthu 8,700 awo ŵakachimbilira ku charu ichi. Mu 2007, ŵanthu pafupifupi 20,000 ŵakufuma ku Liberia ŵakawelera ku Liberia. Pa ŵanthu wose awo ŵakakhalako mu Sierra Leone, pafupifupi wose ŵakaŵa ŵa ku Liberia.
Chisopo
Kuyana na kafukufuku wa Pew Research Center wa mu 2020, 78.5% ya ŵanthu ŵa ku Sierra Leone mba Chisilamu (kanandi Ŵasuni), 20.4% mba Chikhristu (kanandi Ŵaprotesitanti) ndipo 1.1% ŵali mu chisopa cha ku Africa. Wupu wa Inter-Religious Council of Sierra Leone ukati ŵanthu 77% ku Sierra Leone Mbakhristu, 21% Mbasilamu, ndipo 2% Mbalondezgi ŵa visopa vya ku Africa. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Sierra Leone mba Chislamu, kusazgapo ŵanthu ŵa mitundu ya Mende na Temne.
Ethnic groups
Ŵanthu ŵa ku Oku mbana ŵa ŵanthu ŵa ku Nigeria, awo ŵakafuma ku maufumu gha ku Southwest Nigeria ndipo ŵakasamira ku Sierra Leone nga mbanthu ŵa ku Africa. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Okun ŵakukhala mu vigaŵa vya Fourah Bay, Fula Town, na Aberdeen.
Loko kumpoto ni ŵanthu ŵakwambilira ŵa Sierra Leone, awo ŵakugomezga kuti ŵakakhala mu Sierra Leone kufuma nyengo ya kukumana kwa Europe. Nga ni Temne, Ŵagineya Bissau, na Guinea Conakry, awo ŵakukhala kumpoto kwa Sierra Leone. Ŵasusu na Yalunka awo ŵakukolerana nawo mbamalonda. Magulu ghose ghaŵiri ghakusangika kumpoto chomene ku Kambia na chigaŵa cha Koinadugu kufupi na mphaka na Guinea. Iwo ni Ŵasulumane wose. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Jonkeka, Jonkeka, Djissa, Djilima, panji kuti Jankeka, ŵakukhala ku chigaŵa cha kumpoto kwa Guinea. Ŵasekuru ŵa ŵanthu ŵa ku Jankeka na Jankeka ŵakukhala ku Northern Guinea.
Ku chigaŵa cha Bonthe kumwera kuli Sherbro. Ŵakufuma ku Sierra Leone, ŵakukhala pa Chirwa cha Sherbro kufuma apo chikaŵikika. Ŵakuŵa ŵalimi na ŵalovi, ndipo ŵanandi ŵakuŵako mu chigaŵa cha Bontee.
Ŵanthu ŵachoko waka ŵa ku Sierra Leone mba fuko la ku Lebanon, awo mbana ŵa ŵamalonda awo ŵakamba kwiza ku Lebanon mu vyaka vya m'ma 1900.
Female economy
Ŵanakazi ŵakutambuzgika para ŵakukhumba wovwiri wa ndalama, wovwiri wa ŵanthu, na wovwiri wakukhwaskana na kakhaliro ka ŵanthu. Ntchakusuzga kugega suzgo la vyachuma mu Sierra Leone cifukwa cakuti ŵanakazi ndiwo ŵakupanga hafu ya ŵanthu wose mu caru ici. Cifukwa cakuti ŵanakazi ŵakutondeka kusambira masambiro ghapacanya, ndiwo ŵakumanya makora yayi umo ŵangapokera makalata gha bizinesi, kulembeska mazina ghawo, panji kupanga mapangano. Kuleka kuŵa na ndalama zakukwana kuti ŵambe bizinesi yiphya ni suzgo likuru comene ku ŵanakazi. Chifukwa cha kusoŵerwa kwa vinthu vya tekinoloje, comenecomene mu Sierra Leone mose, nchakusuzga kovwira bizinesi kuti yendenge makora.
Education
Ku Sierra Leone, dango likuti ŵana wose ŵasambirenge vyaka vinkhondi na cimoza vya pulayimale (P1-P6) na vyaka vitatu vya sekondare. Kweni chifukwa cha kusoŵa kwa masukulu na ŵasambizgi, sukulu izi zingachitika yayi. Ŵanandi awo ŵakukhala mu charu ichi ŵakumanya yayi kuŵazga na kulemba.
Potable water supply
Kuyana na kafukufuku wa pa charu chose uyo wakachitika mu 2006, 84% ya ŵanthu ŵa mu misumba na 32% ya ŵanthu ŵa ku mizi ŵakaŵa na maji ghakumwa mu nyumba zawo. Awo ŵakasanganga maji mu vigaŵa vya kumadera gha mizi ŵakasanganga malo ghakukhala waka. 68% ya ŵanthu ŵakukhala mu vigaŵa vyakupambanapambana awo ŵakasanganga yayi maji gha pa mtunda (50%), (9%) na (9%) ŵakasanganga vyakumera vyambura kutetezgeka (9%).
2014 Ebola outbreak
Mu 2014, ku West Africa kukaŵa nthenda ya Ebola. Kufika pa Okutobala 19, 2014, kukaŵa ŵanthu 3,706 ŵakufwa na nthenda ya ebola ku Sierra Leone, ndipo ŵanthu 1,259 ŵakafwa, kusazgapo dokotala munyake uyo wakayezga kuwoneseska nthenda iyi, Sheik Umar Khan. Kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti 2014, Guinea yikajara mphaka zake na Sierra Leone kuti yikhozge kuthereska nthenda iyi.
Media
Rediyo ndiyo yikupharazgika comene na ŵanthu ŵanandi ku Sierra Leone, ndipo ŵanthu 85 pa 100 ŵaliwose ŵali na wayilesi ndipo 72 pa 100 ŵaliose ŵakupulikira wayilesi zuŵa lililose. Malo agha ghakupambana pakati pa vigaŵa vya charu, ndipo chigaŵa cha kumanjiliro gha dazi ndicho chili na malo ghakuru chomene ndipo chigaŵa chakumpoto ni Kailahun.
United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone (UNIOSIL) yikaŵa siteshoni yakumanyikwa chomene mu charu ichi, ndipo yikapharazganga mu viyowoyero vinandi. Mu 2008, ntchito ya UN Radio yikapangika na kujumphiskika na SLBS kuti yikhazikike na Sierra Leone Broadcasting Corporation (SLBC).
Ku Sierra Leone kulije internet kweni yikukura chomene, chomenechomene kufuma apo pakambiska ntchito za foni ya 3G/4G mu charu chose. Pali ŵapeleka maofesi ghanandi gha pa Intaneti (ISP) mu charu ichi.
Guadeloupe
Guadeloupe ni gulu la malo agho ghali mu Caribbean, aghoso ghali mu chigawa cha chalo cha France.
ChiBemba
Mbiri
ChiBemba ni ciyowoyero ico ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuyowoya mu Zambia. Pulezidenti wakwamba wa ku Zambia, Kenneth Kaunda, nangauli wakaŵa wa ku Malawi, kweni wakakulira mu mbumba iyo yikayowoyanga Chibemba. Pulezidenti wachitatu, Levy Mwanawasa, wakaŵa wa mtundu wa Lenje, wakufuma ku chigaŵa cha Copperbelt. Purezidenti wachinayi, Rupiah Bwezani Banda wakaŵa wa Chichewa wakufuma ku Eastern Province. Mu vyaka vyati vyajumphapo kufuma apo MMD yikapokera mazaza mu 1991, yikayowoyeka kanandi waka kuti yikutemwa kuyowoya chiBemba kuluska viyowoyero vinyake vya mu charu ichi. Nangauli chiyowoyero icho ŵanthu ŵakuyowoya mu Lusaka, msumba ukuru wa Zambia, ni chiyowoyero cha Bantu Botatwe.
Viyowoyero vinyake vimoza
Ŵanthu ŵa ku Bemba ŵakuyowoya viyowoyero vyakupambanapambana. Vinyake mwa viyowoyero ivi ni Chishinga, Lomotwa, Ngoma, Nwesi, Lala, Kabende, Luunda, Mukulu, Ngumbo, na Unga, ivyo vikayowoyeka na ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Twa ndipo nyengo zinyake vikuwoneka nga ni chiyowoyero chinyake (Nurse 2003). Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Twa ŵa ku Bangweulu ŵakuyowoya chiyowoyero chinyake cha ku Bemba.
Subjunctive
Lizgu lakuti infinitive, ilo ni lizgu ilo likuyowoyeka mu mazgu ghapachoko, lili na mitundu yiŵiri. Mu chiyowoyero chambura kusuzga kuli mazgu ghakuti 'ku-' agho ghasazgikako ku chiyowoyero chambura kusuzga, nga umo vyayowoyekera pachanya apa.
La Jonquera
La Jonquera ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Llers
Llers ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Rußbach
Rußbach ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Masarac
Masarac ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Schönau an der Triesting
Schönau an der Triesting ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Schrattenberg
Schrattenberg ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Gabon
Ndale
Ndondomeko ya boma ya boma la pulezidenti yikukolerana na dango la mu 1961 (lakuweleramo mu 1975, na kulembekaso mu 1991, kweniso mu 2003). Pulezidenti wakusankhika na wanangwa wa ŵanthu wose kuti waŵe na vyaka 7. Mu 2003, boma likasintha malango gha boma. Pulezidenti wangimika na kufumiska nduna yikuru, ŵalara ŵa boma, na ŵeruzgi ŵa khoti likuru. Pulezidenti wali na mazaza ghanyake, nga nkhusisita Nyumba ya Malango, kukhazikiska dango lakukanizga nkhondo, kuchedweska malango, na kuchita ma referendum. Boma la Gabon lili na nyumba ziŵiri za malango. Nyumba ya Ufumu yili na ŵimiliri 120, awo ŵakusankhika na ŵanthu wose kuti ŵakhalenge vyaka 5. Wupu wa Senate uli na ŵanthu 102, awo ŵakusankhika na maboma na maungano gha vigaŵa. Wupu wa Senate ukapangika mu 1990-1991 ndipo ukapangika pamanyuma pa chisankho cha 1997. Mulara wa Nyumba ya Malango ndiyo wakulondezgapo pa mulongozgi wa boma.
Mtundu wa ŵanthu
Ŵanthu ŵa mafuko ghanyake ŵakusangika mu charu chose cha Gabon, ndipo ŵakuyowoyeskana na kutorana.
Viyowoyelo
Pa caru cose, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Gabon ŵakuyowoya viyowoyero vyawo mwakuyana na fuko lawo, kweni chiŵelengero ici nchicoko kuluska mu vyaru vinyake vya ku Africa. Kafukufuku wakulongora kuti ŵanthu 63.7% ŵa ku Gabon ŵakayowoyanga chiyowoyero ichi.
Umoyo
Mu 1913, Albert Schweitzer wakambiska chipatala ku Lambaréné. Kuzakafika mu 1985, kukaŵa vipatala 28, malo gha munkhwala 87, na malo gha munkhwala 312. Mu 2004, pa ŵanthu 100,000, pakaŵa ŵadokotala pafupifupi 29, ndipo "ŵanthu pafupifupi 90% ŵakaŵa na wovwiri wa munkhwala".
Masambilo
Dango la vya masambiro likuti ŵana ŵa vyaka 6 m'paka 16 ŵakwenera kusambira. Ŵana ŵanyake ku Gabon ŵakwamba sukulu mu masukulu gha ŵana ŵachoko, ndipo pamanyuma ŵakuluta ku sukulu za ŵana ŵachoko. Para ŵafika vyaka 6, ŵakuluta ku sukulu ya pulayimale yakuchemeka "École Primaire". Gulu laciŵiri ni "École Secondaire", ilo lili na vigaŵa 7. Ŵana ŵakwamba kumalizga sukulu para ŵafika vyaka 19. Awo ŵamalizga masambiro agha ŵangaluta ku masukulu ghapachanya, kusazgapo masukulu gha masukulu gha masukulu gha masukulu gha masukulu gha masukulu gha masukulu gha masukulu gha masukulu gha masukulu gha masukulu gha bizinesi. Mu 2012, chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu ŵa vyaka 15 kuya munthazi awo ŵakumanya kuŵazga na kulemba chikaŵa 82%.
Vinyama vya Gabon
Ku Gabon kuli viyuni vyakukwana 604, viyuni vyakukhala pa maji vyakukwana 98, vyamoyo vyakukhala pa maji vyakukwana 95 m'paka 160, na vyamoyo vyakukhala pa maji vyakukwana 198. Ku Gabon kuli viyuni vichoko waka, nga ni viyuni vya pangolin na viyuni vya gray-necked rockfowl.
Charu ichi chili na vyamoyo vinandi chomene mu Africa. ni malo ghakuzirwa gha viyuni vya chimpanzee (ivyo mu 2003 vikaŵa pakati pa 27,000 na 64,000). "Gorilla and Chimpanzee Study Station" mukati mwa Lopé National Park.
Ordis
Ordis ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Riells i Viabrea
Riells i Viabrea ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Sant Feliu de Pallerols
Sant Feliu de Pallerols ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Sant Andreu Salou
Sant Andreu Salou ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Spitz, Austria
Spitz, Austria ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Palau-sator
Palau-sator ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Sankt Georgen an der Leys
Sankt Georgen an der Leys ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Algerri
Algerri ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Argelaguer
Malo agho mlonga wa Fluvià uli
Malo agho ghakulondezga mlonga wa Fluvià ndipo kanandi ghakaŵanga na minda ya vipambi. Nthowa zinandi zikwendera mu milonga yakupambanapambana iyo yikwenda mu Argelaguer.
Thaya, Austria
Thaya, Austria ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Barbens
Barbens ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Bellpuig
Bellpuig ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Tulln an der Donau
Tulln an der Donau ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Waldegg, Lower Austria
Waldegg, Lower Austria ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Waidhofen an der Thaya
Waidhofen an der Thaya ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Vösendorf
Vösendorf ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Camarasa
Camarasa ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Castelldans
Castelldans ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Weiden an der March
Weiden an der March ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Cervià de les Garrigues
Cervià de les Garrigues ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Setcases
Setcases ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Quart (Spain)
Quart  ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Wartmannstetten
Wartmannstetten ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Weitra
Weitra ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Corbins
Corbins ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
El Pont de Bar
El Pont de Bar ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Nevers Mumba
Umoyo Wakwambilira
Mu 1997, wakambiska wupu wakuchemeka National Christian Coalition. Gulu ili likalembeka kuŵa chipani mu 1998. Chipani ichi chikapanga nawo chisankho cha 2001 ku Zambia, apo Mumba wakaŵa pa malo ghachinkhondi pa ŵasankhika 11.
Pa 25 May 2012, Mumba wakasankhika kuŵa purezidenti wa chipani cha Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD), icho chikaŵa mu chipani chakususkana na boma kufuma apo chikathereskeka pa chisankho cha 2011. Wakathereska Felix Mutati pamoza na ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵanandi.
Botswana
Mbili yakwamba
Vinthu ivyo ŵanthu ŵa mazuŵa ghano ŵali kusunga, nga ni vithuzithuzi ivyo vili kupangika mu mphanji, vili kulembeka vyaka 73,000. Ŵanthu ŵakwambilira awo ŵakakhalanga kumwera kwa Africa, ŵakamanyikwanga kuti ŵakaŵa ŵasekuru ŵa ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa San ("Bushmen") na Khoi. Magulu ghose ghaŵiri agha ghakuyowoya viyowoyero vya ŵanthu ŵachoko ŵakuchemeka Khoe-Kwadi, Kx?? a, na Tuu. Apo ng'ombe zikambanga kuliskika kumwera kwa Africa vyaka pafupifupi 2,000 ivyo vyajumpha, viŵeto vikaŵa vyakuzirwa comene mu caru ici cifukwa mu cigaŵa ici mukaŵa vyakumera vinandi vyambura viyuni vya tsetse.
Ku Toutswemogala Hill Iron Age Settlement, malo agha ghakaŵa na vyaka vyapakati pa 7 na 19 AD. Chigaŵa ichi chikapangika mu vyaka vyakujumpha 1,000. Mu 700 AD, ŵanthu ŵa Toutswe ŵakaluta kumanjiliro gha dazi ku Botswana na kwamba kupanga minda ya ulimi wa ku malo gha pa ng'ombe. Malo agha ghakaŵa pakati pa chigaŵa chikuru cha ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga kumafumiro gha dazi kwa charu cha Botswana. Ŵakasanga vinthu vinandi ivyo vikaŵa na viŵeto vya viŵeto, ndipo ŵakaghanaghananga kuti ivi vikaŵa viŵeto vya viŵeto ndipo chigaŵa ichi chikaŵa pakati pa viŵeto vinandi. Ndipouli, kulima ndiko kukawovwira kuti chigaŵa cha Toutswemogala chikhale nyengo yitali. Ŵanyake ŵakukhala mu nyumba zakupambanapambana kwa vyaka vinandi.
Independence
Fumukazi Elizabeth II, pamoza na Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh na mwana wake Prince Andrew, Duke of York, ŵakafika ku Botswana pa ulendo waciŵiri wa ku Africa pa 25-27 July 1979. Pa nyengo iyo ŵakalutanga, ŵanthu ŵakamba kuvina na kuwombera futi.
Judiciary
Khoti la Apilu ndilo ni khoti likuru comene mu caru ici ndipo likupeleka vyeruzgo ku khoti likuru na ku khoti la vyamalonda. Mulongozgi wa khoti la apilu ni mulara wa khoti.
Human rights
Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa mtundu wa San ŵakaŵachimbizga mu malo ghawo. Kuti ŵafumemo mu malo agha, ŵakaŵakaniranga maji pa malo ghawo ndipo ŵakakakikanga para ŵacenjezga, ico cikaŵa cakurya cawo cikuru. Caru cawo cili pakati pa malo agho kuli dayamondi zinandi comene. Kweni boma likukana kuti ŵanthu aŵa ŵakakhalanga mu malo agha vyaka vinandi chomene. Ku malo agha, ŵanthu ŵakusuzgika kusanga nchito, ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakumwa comene moŵa. Pa Ogasiti 24, 2018, Fernand de Varennes, uyo ni mulaŵiliri wapadera wa UN pa nkhani ya ŵanthu ŵachoko waka, wakalemba chikalata icho chikapempha charu cha Botswana kuti "chivikilire wanangwa wa ŵanthu ŵachoko waka pa nkhani ya vinthu vya boma, malo na vinthu vinyake, kweniso viyowoyero vya ŵanthu ŵachoko waka pa nkhani ya masambiro na vinyake".
Wullersdorf
Wullersdorf ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Botswana
Literature and cinema
A United Kingdom (Ufumu wa United Kingdom), nkhani ya chitemwa cha Seretse Khama na Ruth Williams, yikapangika pakati pa Botswana na London.
Music
Sumu za ku Botswana zikuzunulika na ŵanthu ŵanandi, nyengo zinyake kwambura kugwiliskira ntchito viŵiya. Sumu za ŵanthu ŵa ku Botswana zili na vyakwimbira nga ni setinkane (chipinda cha piyano chichoko), segankure/segaba (chiyowoyero cha ku Botswana icho chikuyana waka na chiyowoyero cha ku China), moropa (vyakwimbira vyakupambanapambana), phala (chisulo icho chikulizgika pa viphikiro, icho chili na mitundu yakupambanapambana). Vyakwimbira vya ku Botswana vikugwiliskirika waka pa vingwe yayi. Mawoko nagho ghakugwiliskirika nchito nga ni vyakwimbira, mwa kugwiriskirana mawoko pamoza panji kugwiliskira nchito phathisi (khumba la mbuzi lakuzingilizgika mu ciŵaya, ilo likugwiriskirika nchito na ŵanalume pera) kuti lipange sumu na sumu. Mu vyaka vyasonosono apa, gitala yikumanyikwa kuti ni ciŵiya ca kwimba ico cikovwira ŵanthu ŵa ku Tswana. Sumu ya fuko ni "Fatshe leno la rona". Buku ili likalembeka na kulemba na Kgalemang Tumediso Motsete.
Sports
Pa 7 August 2021 dziko la Botswana linalandira mendulo ya bronze mu mpikisano wa 4 × 400 metres wa amuna pa Olimpiki ku Tokyo.
Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakutemwa chomene maseŵero agha. Ŵasambizgi ŵanandi ŵa ku Britain awo ŵali kusamira ku vyaru vinyake, ŵakasambizganga maseŵero agha mu masukulu gha ku sekondare ku Botswana. Bungwe la Botswana Bridge Federation (BBF) likakhazikiskika mu 1988 ndipo likulutilira kunozga maseŵera agha. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakutemwa comene maseŵero gha kujoba, ndipo gulu ili lili na ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 800. Mu 2007, BBF yikapempha wupu wa English Bridge Union kuti ucitenge ungano wa sabata yimoza mu Meyi 2008.
Vinthu viphya na vya zeru
Mu 2011, Dipatimenti Yakusanda vya Vyakumera ya ku Botswana (DAR) yikavumbura ng'ombe za Musi, izo zikapangika kuti zikondweske chomene viŵeto vya ng'ombe. Mtundu uwu wa nyama ni wa mtundu wa Tswana, Bonsmara, Brahman, Tuli, na Simmental. Chilato cha kafukufuku uyu chikaŵa chakuti ŵasange majini agho ghangaŵa nga ni mitundu iyo yikusangika kale ku Botswana, ndipo ghangaŵa ghawemi chomene kuluska mitundu ya ku Tswana.
MeerKAT (Square Kilometre Array (SKA)) yizamuŵa na vyakupimira vikuruvikuru na ma antenna agho ghazamupambanapambana. Vyakurya vinyake vizamusangika mu vyaru vinyake 8 vya mu Africa. Charu cha Botswana chikasankhika kuti chiŵepo chifukwa chakuti chili ku chigaŵa cha kumwera kwa charu, ndipo chingaŵa chipusu kupokera mauthenga kufuma ku vyaru vinyake. Boma la Botswana lazenga telesikopu ya SKA ku Kgale View, yakucemeka African Very Long Base Line Interferometry Network (AVN) na kutuma msambiri pa masambiro gha vya nyenyezi.
Pa 19 Novembala 2021 ŵasayansi ku Botswana Harvard HIV Reference Laboratory (BHHRL) ŵakasanga mtundu wa Omicron ndipo pamanyuma ŵakawuchema kuti B.1.1.529, ndipo pamanyuma ŵakawuchema kuti "Omicron" ndipo ŵakaŵa charu chakwamba pa charu chose chapasi kusanga mtundu uwu. Kwambira kuuyambiro wa chaka cha 2021, ŵasanda viŵaro vya ŵanthu pafupifupi 2,300 awo ŵali na kachilombo ka SARS-CoV-2. Kuyana na Dr. Gaseitsiwe, viŵelengero vya viŵelengero vya viŵelengero vya viŵelengero vya ŵanthu ivyo vyatumika ku GISAID ni vyapacanya comene mu caru ca Africa pa munthu yumoza. Bungwe la Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership (BHP) likakhazikiskika mu 2003, vyaka viŵiri pamanyuma pakuti wupu uwu wajura BHHRL, malo ghakwamba puzengau chose gha kafukufuku wa HIV.
Foradada
Foradada ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Guinea-Bissau
Guinea-Bissau ni membala wa wupu wa United Nations, African Union, Economic Community of West African States, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, Community of Portuguese Language Countries, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, na South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone, ndipo wakaŵa mu gulu ilo pasono kulije Latin Union.
People and society
Kuyana na umo ŵanthu ŵakakhaliranga, ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Mandinka, Fula, Papel, Manjak, na Biafada ŵakaŵa na mitheto yakupambanapambana. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Balanta ŵakaŵavya ufumu uwo ukajintha pa katundu, mazaza, panji mazaza, kweni ŵakalongozgekanga na ŵalongozgi ŵa vikaya na mbumba. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Jola ŵakaŵa na mafumu, kweni ŵakaŵavya malango ghakudunjika ghakukhwaskana na mafumu. 64). Ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu vigaŵa vyakupambanapambana ŵakalondezganga ndondomeko ya vigaŵa ivyo vikaŵa na ŵalongozgi, ndipo ŵalongozgi aŵa ŵakalondezganga fundo za mathemba. Ufumu wa Biafada ukaŵa na maufumu ghatatu agho ghakaŵa na ŵalongozgi ŵanandi. 65). Mafumu ghakaŵa na mitheto yakupambanapambana, maluso ghakupambanapambana, na vyakucitika vyakupambanapambana. 66, 67). Ŵanthu ŵa ku Portugal ŵakawonanga kuti ŵanthu aŵa ŵakaŵa na ŵamazaza awo ŵakachemekanga kuti "meya", "ŵawusi", "ŵambasadara", na "ŵakaronga" (p. 68). Ŵanthu ŵakagaŵikana mu magulu gha mafumu, ŵalongozgi, ŵakuzirwa, na ŵanthu bweka (p. 73). Dango la caru likaŵa la themba ndipo dango ili likapelekekanga na themba na ŵeruzgi ŵake, ŵeruzgi awo wose ŵakafumanga ku ŵanthu ŵakuzirwa (p. 227). Ŵanthu ŵakumanyikwa ndiwo ŵakaŵa na mazaza ghakupoka ufumu, panji maudindo ghanyake ghapacanya mu ufumu. 74–76). Kweniso, ŵanthu ŵakavwaranga vyakuvwara vyamtundu unyake. Ŵakavu ŵakavwaranga minjilira ya utheka, ŵanthu ŵasambazi ŵakavwaranga vikumba vya mbuzi, mathemba na ŵanthu ŵakuzirwa ŵakavwaranga malaya na mathalauza gha thonje. Ŵakaronga na ŵanthu ŵakuzirwa ŵakavwaranga vingwe vyachisulo na mabelu kuti ŵapeleke malango. Ŵakaronga na ŵanthu ŵakuzirwa ŵakagwiliskiranga nchito ng'oma yakucemeka bombalon iyo yikagwiranga nchito pa kudumbiskana na ŵanthu. Ŵanthu ŵakawonanga kuti nyumba izo ŵakazenganga zikaŵa ziwemi kuluska izo ŵakazenganga mafumu na ŵanthu ŵakuzirwa. Pa malo agha pakaŵa mahachi gha mathemba na ŵanthu ŵakuzirwa, ndipo ŵanthu ŵakaŵagwiliskiranga nchito ng'ombe za ng'ombe kuti ŵendeskenge vinthu. 77, 78). Ŵanthu ŵa mitundu ya Mandinka, Fula, Papel, Manjaks, na Biafadas ku Guinea Bissau ŵakamba kuŵa na nyumba zawoŵene. Ndipouli, Ŵabalanta ŵakaŵa ŵakupambana cifukwa Ŵabalanta ŵakaŵa na malo ghakupambanapambana, ndipo ŵakagwiranga nchito zawo mwakugwiliskira nchito malipiro agho ŵakapokeranga cifukwa ca malo agho ŵakagwiranga nchito. Ŵanyake ŵakususkana na fundo ya Balanta, yakuti mulimo wakuzenga malo ukaŵa mu mawoko gha ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵa na ndalama zakukwana kuti ŵagwire nchito, ndipo malo ghakaŵanga nga ni malipiro yayi. (p. 75).
Chipani cha Movement for Multi-Party Democracy
Kupangika na boma
Pakuthemba pa chiŵelengero chikuru cha MMD mu nyumba ya malango, Pulezidenti Chiluba mu mwezi wa Meyi 1996 wakakhwimiska kusintha kwa dango ilo likawuskapo Pulezidenti wakale Kaunda na ŵalongozgi ŵanyake ŵakumanyikwa ŵa chipani cha opposition mu mavoti gha 1996. Pa cifukwa ici, UNIP yikakanira mavoti, ndipo Chiluba wakasankhika na 73% ya mavoti, apo MMD yikapokera vithuzi 131 pa vithuzi 150 mu National Assembly. Kweni pamasinda, vyaru vinyake na mawupu ghanyake ghakupambanapambana ghakati maungano agha ghakaŵa ghambura urunji.
Guinea-Bissau
People and society
Ŵakapanga maboti ghakupambanapambana, ndipo ghakaŵa ghawemi chomene.
Origins
Ufumu wa Bissau ukambika na mwana wa Themba la Quinara, uyo wakayamba kuwusa apo wakasamira ku Bissau na mudumbu wake uyo wakaŵa na nthumbo, ŵanakazi ŵake 6, na ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵa mu ufumu wa awiske. Ŵanthu ŵankhondi na ŵaŵiri ŵa mu ufumu uwu ŵakuyowoyeka kuti ŵakafuma kwa ŵadumbu ŵa Mecau na ŵawoli ŵake ŵankhondi na yumoza, awo ni Bottat, Bossuzu, Boiga, Bosafinte, Bodjukumo, Bosso, na Bossassun, ndipo ŵaumaliro aŵa ŵakufuma kwa ŵadumbu ŵa Mecau. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Bossassun ndiwo ŵakaŵanga na mazaza pa ufumu, ndipo iwo na ŵa Bodjukumo ŵakaŵanga na mazaza pa ufumu. Ufumu wa Bissau ukaŵa na maboma ghanandi agho ghakaŵalondezganga nga ni Prabis, Antula, Safim, Quisset, Tor, na Biombo.
Kingdom of Guinala
Cisopa cawo cikaŵa kusopa vikozgo. Ŵangoza ŵa mu cigaŵa ici ŵakacemekanga kuti 'Xina,' nangauli ŵanyake ŵakang'anamukira ku Chalichi la Katolika mu nyengo ya ku Europe (p. 366).
Society
Ŵanchito ŵakagwiranga nchito ya kulima na kupwelelera viŵeto vyawo. Ŵanchito ŵakaŵanga na mwaŵi ukuru comene para ŵafika ku Mansaba (p. 6). Ŵanyamata ŵakendanga cifukwa ca uryezi na nkhondo pera. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe ŵakayowoyanga kuti ŵanthu aŵa ŵakaŵa ŵalongozgi ŵa pa mahachi ŵakumanya comene, mwakuti maufumu ghanyake ghakaŵapemphanga, ndipo kanandi ŵakaŵanga na maudindo ghakuru mu ŵasilikari ŵa mitundu yinyake. 369).
15th–16th centuries
Ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe ŵakamba kuwona charu cha Guinea-Bissau cha m'ma 1400, ndipo ŵanandi mwa ŵanthu aŵa ŵakaŵa ŵa ku Portugal. Mu 1455, Alvise Cadamosto wa ku Venice, Diogo Gomes wa ku Portugal, Duarte Pacheco Pareira wa ku Portugal, na Eustache de la Fosse wa ku Flanders. 7, 12, 13, 16). Kweniso malo agha ghakazunulikaso mu mabuku gha Gomes Eanes de Zurara mu vyaka vya m'ma 1450, Valentim Fernandes mu vyaka vya m'ma 1500, na Jerome Münzer mu vyaka vya m'ma 1500. (pp. 4, 9, 15).
Chigaŵa ichi kufuma waka mu 1550 chikamanyikwanga na Ŵaphwitikizi kuti "The Guinea of Cape Verde", ndipo msumba ukuru wa chigaŵa ichi ukaŵa ku Santiago (p. 138). Kweniso, ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakakhalanga ku Guinea-Bissau pa nyengo iyi ŵakaŵa ŵazungu ŵa ku Cape Verde. 139). Ŵamalonda ŵa ku Europe na ŵa ku Africa ŵakamba mu 1440 (p. 151).
"Usange mukutemwa yayi kukhala kuno, mbwenu panji mungatemwa kukhala ku Balantas panji ku Bijagos".
Ŵanthu ŵa ku Portugal ŵakalutilira kulimbana na ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Lançados, awo ŵakasuzgikanga yayi nga umo vikaŵira kukwambilira kwa vyaka vya m'ma 1500. 242). Mu 1580 cifukwa ca kukolerana na ŵasilikari ŵa Iberia, caru ca Guinea Bissau na Cape Verde vikathereskeka na ŵalwani ŵa Spain. Ŵadokotala ŵa ku France, Netherlands, na England ŵakamba kulimbana na Ŵaphwitikizi, ndipo malonda ghakalutilira pakati pa ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe na ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1500, ŵanthu ŵa ku Lançado ŵakamba kwenda malonda na ŵanthu ŵa ku England, France, na Dutch, chomenechomene ku Cacheu, uko ŵanthu ŵa ku Portugal ŵakaguliskanga vinthu. 244–253).
Collapse of the Iberian Union (1640)
Mu 1641, ŵanthu ŵa ku Bissau, Guinala, Geba, na Cacheu ŵakapangana kuti ŵaŵenge ŵakugomezgeka kwa Themba la Portugal ndipo ŵakadandawura kuti Ŵasipanishi ŵakukana kuguliska vinthu chifukwa cha dango ilo likakanizganga ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu vyaru ivi kuguliska vyakurya. Ŵakaŵaso na citima cifukwa ca njara iyo yikaŵako pakati pa 1639 na 1641 iyo yikaŵa cifukwa ca kulira kwa zombe. Mu 1641, ŵasilikari ŵa ku Spain ŵakambaso malonda gha ku Spain, ndipo ŵasilikari ŵa ku Lançados na Manjak ŵakakondwa nawo. Ŵanjak, awo ŵakalongozganga dowoko la Cacheu, ŵakawonanga katundu wa ku Europe kuti ni vinthu vyakukhumbikwa. Ŵanjak ŵakawofya ŵazungu awo ŵakakhalanga ku Cacheu kuti ŵaŵakomenge usange Captain-Major Luis de Magalhães waleka kuzomerezga malonda (p. 263). Ku malo gha Cacheu kukaŵavya maji ghakukwana, ndipo ivi vikapangiska kuti ŵa Manjak ŵaŵike dango lakuti ŵaleke kupeleka maji ku ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha. Kweniso, mu 1639 na 1641, njara yikakoma ŵazga awo ŵakavikiliranga malo agha. Ŵazga ŵa Manjak ŵakazingilizga madoko para ŵawona ngalaŵa kuti ŵaguliske, ndipo ivi vikapangiska kuti Captain-Major Luis de Magalhães wamazge dango ili. Boma la Spain likalutilira kukanizga ŵanthu ŵa ku Spain, Bissau, Geba, na Cacheu kuti ŵaleke kuguliskana malonda, kweni ŵalongozgi ŵa ku Lançados, Manjak, Papel, na Biafada ŵakaŵawovwira. 263–265).
Slave trade
Usange ŵanthu ŵakuzirwa awo ŵakakoleka ŵakaŵa ŵakunozgeka kufwatulika, pakuti awo ŵakaŵakora ŵakapokeranga ndalama, nanga ni ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Bijagos ŵakaŵanga ŵakunozgeka kuwuwezga ŵanthu ŵakuzirwa awo ŵakakoleka na kupokera ndalama, ndipo kaluso aka kakalutilira m'paka kuumaliro wa vyaka vya m'ma 1700, apo ŵanthu ŵakuzirwa awo ŵakakoleka ŵakasuturikanga para ŵapokera ndalama. 229). Ŵazga awo ŵakacimbiranga ku wuzga ŵakasambizgikaso na Ŵazungu. Para ŵazga ŵakomeka, ŵakaŵafwaturanga para ŵamanyikwa kuti mbanthu ŵakuzirwa. 230). Ŵafumu na ŵamalonda ŵa ku Europe ŵakakolerananga pakucita malonda, ndipo nyengo zose ŵakakolerananga umo malonda agha ghacitikirenge, uyo waŵenge muzga na uyo waleke kuŵa muzga, ndiposo mitengo ya ŵazga. 230, 233, 234). Fernão Guerreiro na Mateo de Anguiano ŵakati ŵafumba mafumu ghanandi pa nkhani ya kuguliska ŵazga, ŵakamanya kuti kuguliska ŵazga kukaŵa uheni, kweni ŵakaghanaghananga kuti ŵakachitanga nthena cifukwa cakuti Ŵazungu ŵakaguliskanga vinthu vinyake yayi. 234). Ndipo ŵakalutilira kucita malonda agha mpaka mu vilimika vya m'ma 1800, apo ŵakamalizga.
Summary
Mabuku ghakwambilira ghakulongosora kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe ŵakafika mu chigaŵa ichi, ghakuyowoya za ulendo wa Alvise Cadamosto wa ku Venice mu 1455, ulendo wa Eustache de la Fosse wa ku Flanders na Diogo Cão mu 1479-1480. M'ma 1480, munthu wa ku Portugal uyu wakafika ku Mlonga wa Congo na ku vyaru vya Bakongo, ndipo wakayala vipasi vya Angola, mtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi 4200 kufuma ku Guinea-Bissau. Nangauli mu vyaka vya m'ma 1500 ŵanthu ŵa ku Portugal ŵakamba kukhala mu malo agha chifukwa cha malonda, kweni ŵakamba kupenjerezga malo agha mu vyaka vya m'ma 1800. Ŵalongozgi ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakakhalanga mu caru ca Guinea, awo ŵanji mwa iwo ŵakasambazga comene cifukwa ca kuguliska ŵazga, ndiwo ŵakendeskanga malonda agha ndipo ŵakazomerezganga yayi kuti Ŵazungu ŵanjire mu caru ici. Ŵakaŵasunganga mu mizi ya mumphepete mwa nyanja, uko ŵakacitiranga malonda. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakalimbana na ŵamalonda ŵa ŵazga nawo ŵakagomezganga yayi ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe awo ŵakizanga ku malo agha. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Portugal awo ŵakakhalanga ku Guinea, ŵakagwiranga waka nchito mu dowoko la Bissau na Cacheu. Ŵanthu ŵachoko waka ŵa ku Europe ŵakamba kukhala pa malo ghakupambanapambana mu milonga ya ku Bissau.
From Vieira years to present
Mu Juni 2005, kukacitika mavoti ghakwamba kufuma apo Ialá wakathereskeka. Ialá wakaweleraso nga ni nduna ya chipani cha PRS, ndipo wakati iyo ndiyo ni mulongozgi wa chalo, kweni chisankho chikathereskeka na Joao Bernardo Vieira, uyo wakathereskeka mu 1999. Vieira wakathereska Malam Bacai Sanhá mu visankho vya ku chigaŵa chachiŵiri. Sanhá pakwamba wakakananga kuti wakanizgike, ndipo wakati vinthu vyaupusikizgi vikacitika mu vigaŵa viŵiri, kusazgapo msumba wa Bissau.
Zwölfaxing
Zwölfaxing ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Guinea-Bissau
Makhalilo gha charu
Charu cha Guinea-Bissau chili kumpoto kwa Senegal, kumwera na kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Guinea, ndipo kumanjiliro gha dazi kwake kuli Nyanja ya Atlantic. Charu ichi chili pakati pa 11° na 13° kumpoto (chinyake chili kumwera kwa 11°), ndipo chapakati pa 11° na 15° kumanjiliro gha dazi.
Demographics
Kuyana na umo vinthu viliri pa caru cose, ŵanthu ŵa ku Guinea-Bissau ŵalipo 2,060,721 mu 2021, ndipo mu 1950 ŵakaŵa 518,000. Chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu ŵa vyaka vyambura kukwana 15 mu 2010 chikaŵa 41.3%, 55.4% ŵakaŵa ŵa vyaka vyapakati pa 15 na 65, ndipo 3.3% ŵakaŵa ŵa vyaka 65 panji kujumphirapo.
Chisopo
Kafukufuku wakulongora kuti pa ŵanthu wose awo ŵakukhala mu Guinea-Bissau, hafu ni Ŵasilamu, ndipo ŵanyake ŵakulondezga visopa vinyake panji Chikhristu. Kuyana na ivyo CIA World Factbook yikayowoya, ŵanthu 46.1% ŵakaŵa Ŵasilamu, 30.6% ŵakaŵa ŵa visopa vinyake, 18.9% ŵakaŵa Ŵakhristu, ndipo 4.4% ŵakaŵa ŵa visopa vinyake. Mu 2010, kafukufuku wa Pew Research wakalongora kuti ŵanthu 45.1% ŵakaŵa ŵa chisopa cha Chisilamu ndipo 19.7% ŵakaŵa ŵa Chikhristu, 30.9% ŵakaŵa ŵa chisopa cha ŵanthu na 4.3 ŵakaŵa ŵa visopa vinyake. Kafukufuku wa Pew-Templeton wa mu 2015 wakalongora kuti ŵanthu 45.1% ŵakaŵa Ŵasilamu, 30.9% ŵakaŵa ŵa visopa vinyake, 19.7% ŵakaŵa Ŵakhristu, ndipo 4.3% ŵakaŵa ŵa visopa vinyake yayi. ARDA yikayowoya kuti mu 2020 Ŵasilamu ŵazamuŵa 44.7%. Kweniso likati ŵanthu 41.2 pa ŵanthu 100 ŵaliwose ŵakasopanga ŵa mitundu yinyake ndipo 13 pa ŵanthu 100 ŵaliwose ŵakaŵa Ŵakhristu.
External links
News media
Berndorf bei Salzburg
Berndorf bei Salzburg ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
L'Albi
L'Albi ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Benavent de Segrià
Benavent de Segrià ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Msumba uwu uli pafupi na msumba wa Lleida, ndipo uli na malo ghakusoperapo, mabara, malo ghakusungirako vyakurya, kweniso tchalitchi, kweniso malo ghaŵiri ghakusungirako vyakurya.
Kuyowoya
Pali misewu iyo yikwendera mu vigaŵa ivyo vikukolerana na Rosselló, Corbins na Torrefarrera.
Maseŵero
Sono tawuni ya Benavent yikumanyikwa na mawupu agho ghakulongozga maseŵero gha ku Lleida na Catalan.
Bola
Bola Club Benavent yikagwirako ntchito mu chigaŵa chachitatu cha ligi mpaka mu 2010 apo yikasazgikana na CFJE Ascó. Pasono kuli Club Maswero Benavent iyo yikababika mu 2011 ndipo pasono yili mu gulu lachitatu la Catalan.
Inonge Wina
Uteŵeti wa mu chikaya
Wina wakayamba kugwira ntchito mu wupu wakulongozga m'ma 1970 apo wakajipeleka kuteŵetera ŵanakazi. Wakateŵeterapo mu mabungwe ghanandi gha wupu wa wupu wakuwona vya wanangwa wa banthu na kuŵa purezidenti wa Young Women's Christian Association, uko wakawovwira chomene pakukhozga wanangwa wa banthu wa banthu, ivyo vikapangiska kuti boma la Zambia likhazikiske wupu wakuwona vya wanangwa wa banthu ku Zambia. Mu 1996, wakasankhika kuŵa Chairperson wa National NGO Coordinating Council of Zambia (NGOCC).
Ntchito ya ndale
Pa 26 Janyuwale 2015, Pulezidenti Edgar Lungu wakasankha Wina kuŵa Vice President wa Zambia. Wakachita mpikisano wa Lungu pa chisankho cha 2016, ndipo wakaŵa mwanakazi wakwamba kusankhika kuŵa Vice President ndipo wakaleka ntchito iyi pambere chisankho cha 2021 chindachitike.
Umoyo wa munthu
Wakatolana na Arthur Wina, uyo wakalimbananga na wanangwa wa boma, nduna yakale na wasukulu uyo wakafwa pa 3 Seputembala 1995. Ŵakaŵa na ŵana ŵatatu, ndipo ŵaŵiri ŵali kufwa. Arthur Wina wakasambira pa sukulu ya Munali Secondary School iyo, mu nyengo ya ukoloni, yikaŵa sukulu yikuru ya ku Zambia ya ŵanthu ŵa ku Zambia. Ŵabali ŵanyake awo ŵakaŵa mu nduna za ku Zambia ŵakati ŵajiyimira ŵekha (nga ni mukuru wa Arthur Wina, Sikota), nawo ŵakasambira ku Munali.
Ukaboni
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Bürmoos
Bürmoos ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Michael Sata
Nyifwa ya Mwanawasa na mavoti gha 2008
Sata wakasankhika mwakukolerana nga ni phangano la PF pa mavoti gha purezidenti pa ungano wa Central Committee pa 30 August 2008. Apo wakazomera kunyamuka, wakalongosora kuti nchiwemi "kusisita na kugeza caru ici"; wakayowoyaso kuti walekenge kucita kampeni mpaka para Mwanawasa wafwa. Nangauli wakaŵa na nthenda ya mtima mu Epulero 2008, kweni Sata wakati wakaŵa na umoyo uwemi.
Sata wakayowoya kuti wazomerezgenge yayi kuti Banda watonde chifukwa "palije nthowa yakuti MMD yingatonde", ndipo wakati komiti ya vyakusankha na ŵapolisi ŵakukolerana kuti ŵanozge vyakusankha. Nangauli wakadangiliranga pakuwona mavoti ghakwambilira, ivyo vikulongora kuti wakaŵa na ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakamovwiranga mu matawuni, kweni apo mavoti ghakawerengekanga ku mizi, wakang'anamukiranga. Paumaliro, Banda wakawuskapo Sata, ndipo pa Novembala 2 mavoti ghakwambilira ghakalongora kuti Banda wakaŵa na mavoti 40 peresenti. Sata wakayowoya kuti wathereskeka yayi ndipo wakamunena Banda kuti ngwakupusika.
Ulwari na nyifwa
Mu 2014, ŵanthu ŵakamba kufipa mtima chomene na umoyo wa Sata ndipo ŵanyake ŵakayowoya kuti waleka nadi kuwusa boma chifukwa cha ulwari wake. Kweni boma likakana fundo iyi. Wakaleka kuwonekera pa wumba, ico cikaŵa cambura kuzirwa kwa pulezidenti uyu. Ŵanthu awo ŵakamuwonanga ŵakaghanaghananga kuti wakawonekanga makora yayi apo wakajuranga Nyumba ya Ufumu pa Seputembala 19, ndipo mu mwezi wakulondezgapo wakawonekeraso yayi pa wumba. Mulongozgi wa MMD Nevers Mumba wakati boma likuteta pa vya umoyo wa Sata. Wakasoŵaso kuyowoya pa ungano wa ungano wa United Nations General Assembly wa cigaŵa ca 69 cifukwa ca mphindano izo zikayowoyeka kuti wakalwara mu hotelo yinyake mu msumba wa New York.
Ebenau
Ebenau ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Les Borges Blanques
Les Borges Blanques ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Suriname
Suriname ntchalo icho chili ku mpoto kwa mafumilo gha dazi gha musi mwa nyanja ya atlantic chigawa cha Amerika wa kummwera.
Llavorsí
Llavorsí ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Llobera
Llobera ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Hallein
Hallein ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Oliana
Oliana ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Krispl
Krispl ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Ossó de Sió
Ossó de Sió ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Maishofen
Maishofen ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Sankt Andrä im Lungau
Sankt Andrä im Lungau ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Talavera, Lleida
Talavera, Lleida ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Sant Llorenç de Morunys
Sant Llorenç de Morunys ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Strobl
Strobl ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Schleedorf
Schleedorf ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Tarroja de Segarra
Tarroja de Segarra ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Seekirchen am Wallersee
Seekirchen am Wallersee ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Tamsweg
Tamsweg ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Sarroca de Bellera
42.35944°N, 0.88083°W
Levy Mwanawasa
Ngozi
Pambere ungano wa chipani chake wa 1990, Mwanawasa wakaphalirika kuti waŵe pulezidenti wa Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD) kweni wakakana, chifukwa cha uwukirano wake na kuleka kumanya vinandi. M'malo mwake wakasankha kunjira mu nyumba ya malango ndipo wakathereska ŵanthu ŵanandi.
Umo Ŵakagwilira Ntchito ku France
Mwanawasa wakagonekeka mu cipatala ca Percy Military Hospital ku Clamart, kufupi na Paris. Mu mazgu gha pa 7 July 2008, Banda wakayowoya kuti Mwanawasa "wakukhalilira mu umoyo wakukhora" kweni wakeneranga kuchitika opareshoni, iyo Banda wakati yikaŵa yichoko, kuti wamazge suzgo la kupumura. Pa Julayi 8, Banda wakayowoya kuti mulimo uwu ukaŵa wakwenda makora. Pa Julayi 11, Banda wakayowoya kuti Mwanawasa wali makora ndipo ŵadokotala "ŵakukhorwa na umo waliri sono".
Umoyo wa munthu
Wakabapatizika mu 2005 ku tchalitchi la Twin Palm Baptist ku Lusaka.
ChiCheŵa
Kwamba kale, ŵanthu ŵa mu Malawi ŵakuyowoya viyowoyero vya Chichewa na ChiTumbuka. Ndipouli, ciyowoyero ca Tumbuka cikasuzgika comene mu nyengo ya muwuso wa Pulezidenti Hastings Kamuzu Banda, cifukwa mu 1968 cifukwa ca fundo yake yakuti paŵe mtundu umoza na ciyowoyero cimoza, ciyowoyero ici cikaleka kuŵa ca boma mu Malawi. Ntheura, chiyowoyero cha Tumbuka chikafumiskika mu masukulu, pa wayilesi, na mu manyuzipepara. Mu 1994, apo boma la Tumbuka likamba kulamulira na vipani vinandi, ŵakambaso kutegherezga maungano gha pa wayilesi, kweni mabuku na mabuku ghanyake ghakaŵa ghachoko.
Makhalilo
Chichewa ndicho chikuyowoyeka chomene mu Malaŵi. Kweniso likuyowoyeka mu chigaŵa cha kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Zambia, kweniso ku Mozambique, chomenechomene mu vigaŵa vya Tete na Niassa. Chikaŵa chiyowoyero chimoza mwa viyowoyero 55 ivyo vikaŵa mu ndege ya Voyager.
Mbiri
Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Chewa ŵakaŵa ŵa fuko la Maravi, awo ŵakakhalanga ku chigaŵa cha kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Zambia na kumpoto kwa Mozambique m'paka kumwera kwa Mlonga wa Zambezi kwambira m'ma 1500 panji kumasinda.
Padera pa mazgu ghachoko waka agho ghakalembeka na Gamitto na Koelle, mazgu ghakwambilira gha Chichewa ghakalembeka na Johannes Rebmann mu buku lake la Dictionary of the Kiniassa Language, ilo likalembeka mu 1853. Rebmann wakaŵa mishonale ndipo wakakhalanga kufupi na Mombasa, mu caru ca Kenya. Wakasanga fundo iyi kwa muzga wa ku Malawi, uyo wakamanyikwanga na zina la Ciswahili lakuti Salimini. Salimini, uyo wakafuma ku Mphande, mu chigaŵa cha Lilongwe, nayo wakawona mphambano pakati pa chiyowoyero chake, icho wakachichemanga Kikamtunda, "chiyowoyero cha ku mapiri", na chiyowoyero cha Kimaravi icho ŵanthu ŵakayowoyanga kumwera.
Buku lakwamba lakuti A Grammar of the Chinyanja language as spoken at Lake Nyasa, ilo lili na mazgu gha Chingelezi na Chingelezi, likalembeka na Alexander Riddel mu 1880. Mu viyowoyero vinyake vyakwambilira muli mazgu gha Chichinyanja agho George Henry (1891) na M.E. Woodward's A vocabulary of English?? Chinyanja and Chinyanja?? English: as spoken at Likoma, Lake Nyasa (1895). William Percival Johnson ndiyo wakang'anamura Baibolo lose mu chiyowoyero cha Nyanja cha pa Likoma Island, ndipo wakalilemba mu 1912. Baibolo linyake la Buku Lopatulika ndilo Mau a Mulungu likalembeka mu chiyowoyero cha ku Central Region cha m'ma 1900-1922 na ŵamishonale ŵa Dutch Reformed Mission na Church of Scotland. Mu 2016, buku ili likang'anamulika na kunozgaso.
Kapulikikilo
Cinthu cacitatu ico ŵanthu ŵakucita na mazgu gha Chewa nkhusambizga mazgu. Mwaciyelezgero, para mazgu ghafuma pakati pa sentesi, mazgu gha uyo wakuyowoya ghakukwera. Nyengo zinyake tikupulika mazgu ghanyake, nga ni mazgu agho ghakwera panji kukhira paumaliro wa fumbo lakuti enya panji yayi.
Concords
Vizunuli, vimanyikwiro, na viyowoyero vinyake vikwenera kukolerana na mazina gha Chichewa. Ivi vikucitika na vilembo vyakwambilira, nga ni:
Pali mazina 17 ghakupambanapambana, kweni pakuti ghanyake ghali na mazina ghakupambanapambana, pali mazina 12 pera.
Subject prefix
Nga umo vikuŵira na viyowoyero vinyake vya ŵanthu ŵa ku Bantu, viyowoyero vyose vya Chichewa vili na mazgu ghakwamba agho ghakukolerana na chiŵaro cha chiŵaro. Mu Chichewa cha mazuŵa ghano, chiŵiya chakwamba cha chiŵiya 2 (kale ŵa-) chazgoka a-, icho chikuyana waka na chiŵiya chakwamba cha chiŵiya 1:
Object prefix
The object prefix of classes 16, 17, and 18 is usually replaced by a suffix: ndaonámo 'I have seen inside it'.
Numeral concords
Chiŵiya chakwamba m- chikuzgoka mu- pambere -wiri: tomáto muwíri'matamati ghaŵiri.'
Subject-marker
But in the perfect tense wa- (singular) contrasts with a- (plural or respectful):
Other tenses
There are also various subjunctive and potential mood tenses, such as:
Dependent clause tenses
There is also a series of tenses using a toneless -ka- meaning 'when' of 'if', for example:
Verb extensions
The extensions -ul-/-ol- and its intransitive form -uk-/-ok- are called 'reversive'. They give meanings such as 'open', 'undo', 'unstick', 'uncover':
Equatorial Guinea
M'ma 1800 (1844–1900)
Kweniso ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakafuma ku virwa vya ku Portugal, ŵazga awo ŵakachimbira, na awo ŵakakhumbanga kulima minda. Nangauli ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵa ku Fernandino ŵakaŵa Ŵakatolika ndipo ŵakayowoyanga Cisipanishi, kweni pa ŵanthu aŵa, pafupifupi 9 pa 10 ŵakaŵa Ŵaprotesitanti ndipo ŵakayowoyanga Cingelezi pambere Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Caru Cose yindambe. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Sierra Leone ŵakakhalanga makora pa malo ghakupandamo viŵeto apo ntchito ya kusanga ŵantchito yikalutilira pa nyanja ya Windward Coast, cifukwa ŵakakhalanga na mbumba zawo ndiposo ŵanyawo. Mbumba ya Fernandino yikaŵa yakovwira chomene pakuguliska vinthu pakati pa ŵanthu ŵa ku Spain na ŵa ku Europe. Muzga munyake zina lake William Pratt uyo wakafuma ku West Indies kwizira ku Sierra Leone, wakayamba kulima cacao pa Fernando Pó.
Werfenweng
Werfenweng ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Equatorial Guinea
Independence under Macías (1968–1979)
Ŵakapokera wanangwa uwu pa October 12, 1968, mu Malabo. Charu chiphya ichi chikazgoka Republic of Equatorial Guinea (pakaŵa pa Zuŵa la Wanangwa wa Charu ichi). Macías wakazgoka pulezidenti mu caru ici mu nyengo ya maungano ghacoko waka. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Spain (awo ŵakalongozgekanga na Franco) ŵakamovwira Macías pa vipharazgo cifukwa ca kugomezgeka kwake, kweni apo wakaŵa pa kampeni wakalongora kuti wakaŵa wambura kupusa kuluska umo ŵakaghanaghaniranga. Mu upharazgi wake wakaluta ku mizi ya ku Río Muni na kulayizga Fang kuti waŵapenge nyumba na ŵawoli ŵa ŵanthu ŵa ku Spain usange ŵamuvotera. Mu matawuni, wakajiwonanga kuti ni mulongozgi uyo wakaluska ŵa ku Spain pa UN, ndipo wakathereska pa cigaŵa caciŵiri ca mavoti.
Sidamon
Sidamon ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Equatorial Guinea
Obiang (1979–present)
Equatorial Guinea yikasankhika kuŵa chiŵaro chambura kukhazikika mu wupu wa United Nations Security Council mu chaka cha 2018.
Tremp
Tremp ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Equatorial Guinea
Boma na ndale
Mu 2006, Obiang wakasayina dango lakukanizga nthambuzgo ilo likakanizga mtundu uliwose wa nkhaza na nkharo yiheni mu Equatorial Guinea, ndipo mu 2007 wakalangura kuti ŵakayidi ŵasinthe na kuzenga jele la Black Beach. Ndipouli, ŵanthu ŵakulutilira kuswa wanangwa wawo. Wupu wa Human Rights Watch na wa Amnesty International, pamoza na mawupu ghanyake ghambura kwendera boma, ŵali kulembamo kuti ŵanthu ŵakuswa chomene wanangwa wa ŵanthu mu jele, kusazgapo kutambuzgika, kutambuzgika, kufwa kwambura cifukwa ndiposo kukakika kwambura dango.
Mu kafukufuku wawo waumaliro (2020), Transparency International yikapa Equatorial Guinea ma score 16 pa CPI (Corruption Perceptions Index). CPI yikupima vyaru kuyana na unandi wa vimbundi ivyo vikuchitika. Pa vyaru 180, Equatorial Guinea yikaŵa pa nambara 174. Freedom House, wupu wakuvikilira wanangwa wa ŵanthu na wanangwa wa ŵanthu, ukati Obiang njumoza wa "ŵakaronga ŵankhongono chomene pa charu chose", ndipo wakadandawura kuti boma la United States likupokelera boma lake na kugura mafuta kwa ilo.
Administrative divisions
Charu cha Equatorial Guinea chili na vigaŵa 8. Chigaŵa chiphya chomene ni Djibloho, icho chikapangika mu 2017 ndipo chili na likuru lake ku Ciudad de la Paz, msumba ukuru wa charu ichi. Vigaŵa vinkhondi na vinayi ivi ni ivi: (Nambara zikuyana na izo zili pa mapu; misumba yikuru ya vigaŵa ivi yili mu mizere):