cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Mzuzu
Umoyo
Msumba wa Mzuzu uli na makuni ghanandi kweniso mapiri. Mu msumba uwu muli makuni ghanandi gha miombo. Kumpoto na kumwera kwa msumba uwu kuli mapiri gha Viphya agho ghali na utheka na makuni. Ŵanyake ŵakuti Viphya Plantation iyo yili mu mapiri kumwera kwa msumba uwu ndiyo nkhorongo yikuru comene mu Africa.
Ulimi
Mu msumba uwu muli vyakurya vinandi, ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuliska tiyi, gombi, na khofi.
Ŵanthu Ŵakumanyikwa
Shepherd Bushiri, founder of the Enlightened Christian Gathering, is from Mzuzu. Bushiri is also the founder of PSB Network and the Prophetic Channel.
Visopa vya ku Africa
Maluso na maluso
Mwaciyelezgero, mu cisopa ca Serer, nyenyezi yimoza yakupatulika comene mu mlengalenga yikucemeka Yoonir (Nyenyezi ya Siriyo). Ŵasembe na ŵasembe ŵanakazi ŵa ku Serer (Saltigue) ŵakupeleka maungano gha chaka na chaka pa Xooy Ceremony (ciphikiro ca kuwukwa) mu Fatick pambere nyengo ya Yoonir yindakwane.
Ufumu wa Roma
Ufumu wa Roma (Latin: Imperium Romanum [ɪmˈpɛri.ũː roːˈmaːnũː]; Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν ??ωμαίων, translit. Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn) yikaŵa nyengo ya ku Roma. Mu ufumu uwu mukaŵa vyaru vinandi ivyo vikaŵa kufupi na Nyanja ya Meditereniyani ku Europe, North Africa, na Western Asia. Kufuma apo Kesare Augusto wakambira kuwusa mu ufumu wa Romu m'paka apo ufumu wa Romu ukambira kulamulira mu vyaka vya m'ma 300 C.E., msumba uwu ukaŵa wa Italy. Nyengo yikati yajumphapo, mafumu ghanandi ghakawusanga Ufumu wa Ŵaroma. Msumba wa Roma ndiwo ukaŵa msumba ukuru wa vigaŵa vyose viŵiri ivi m'paka mu 476 C.E. apo ŵasilikari ŵakatumizga vimanyikwiro vya ufumu ku Constantinople. Chikhristu chikati chazomerezgeka kuŵa tchalitchi la boma la Ufumu wa Roma mu 380 C.E. ndipo Ufumu wa Roma wa Kumanjiliro gha dazi ukathereskeka na mathemba gha ku Germany, vikaŵa nga ni para nyengo yakale yili kumara ndipo nyengo ya ku Middle Ages yikamba. Chifukwa cha ivyo vikachitika, kweniso chifukwa chakuti Ufumu wa Romu wa kumafumiro gha dazi ukazgoka wa Ŵagiriki, ŵanthu ŵakusanda mdauko ŵakuyowoya kuti Ufumu wa Romu uwo ukakhala mu vigaŵa vya kumafumiro gha dazi ukaŵa wa Byzantine.
Ufumu wa Romu, uwo ukaŵa panthazi pa ufumu uwu, ukasuzgika chomene chifukwa cha nkhondo za pawenenawene na viwawa vya ndyali. Pakati pa vyaka vya m'ma 100 B.C.E., Julius Caesar wakimikika kuŵa dictator perpetuo ("munthu wakulamulira kwamuyirayira"), ndipo pamanyuma wakakomeka mu 44 B.C.E. Nkhondo za pawenenawene zikalutilira, ndipo paumaliro Octavian wakathereska Mark Antony na Cleopatra pa Nkhondo ya Actium mu 31 BC. Chaka chakulondezgapo, Octavian wakathereska ufumu wa Ptolemaic ku Egypt, ndipo nyengo ya Hellenistic yikamara. Octavian wakaŵaso na mazaza pa ŵanthu wose, ndipo wupu wa ku Rome ukamupa mazaza ghose na zina lakuti Augusto. Vyaru vikuruvikuru vya Romu vikaŵa vyakupambanapambana.
Cholowa
Mu ndyali za United States, Ŵawiskewo ŵa United States ŵakasambizgika mu mitheto ya Classical, ndipo ŵakagwiliskiranga nchito viyelezgero vya Classical pa kuzenga vinthu vya ku America, kuti ŵaleke kuzunura vinthu vya ku Europe nga ni nyumba zacifumu na macalichi. Pakusambizga fundo yawo ya dango lakusazgikana, awo ŵakambiska ŵakawoneseskanga kuti demokilase ya ku Ateni na boma la Romu ni vyakuwonerapo, kweni ŵakawonanga kuti themba la Romu ni munthu wa nkhaza.
Andrés Manuel López Obrador
Mbumba na umoyo wa munthu
Mu umoyo wake wose, López Obrador wakaŵa na mazina ghakupambanapambana, kusazgapo El Molido, El Americano, La Piedra, El Comandante, na El Peje.
Ntchito yayikulu ya ndale
Mlembi wa PRD
Alan Walker
Umoyo Wakwambilira
Alan Olav Walker wakababika pa 24 August 1997 ku Northampton, England, ku banja la Anglo-Scottish British Philip Alan Walker, na muwoli wake wa ku Norway Hilde Omdal Walker. Pa cifukwa ici, cifukwa ca ciharo ca ŵapapi ŵake, wakapika wanangwa wa kukhala mu caru ca Britain na Norway.
2017~pano: Different World, World of Walker na mapulojekiti ghanyake
Kuuyambiro wa chaka cha 2017, wayilesi ya Walker ya pa YouTube yikazgoka wayilesi iyo yikugwiliskirika nchito comene mu Norway, pamanyuma pakuti yikaposa ŵanthu 4.5 miliyoni, ndipo yikaŵa na ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene pa wayilesi iyi. Pakati pa mwezi wa Febuluwale na Epulero, wakendera charu cha America kusazgapo kuluta ku Euphoria Festival ku Texas. Mu chaka cha 2019, vidiyo ya sumu ya Alan 'Diamond Heart' yikapika chiphikiro cha Best Cinematography pa Berlin Music Video Awards. Vidiyo yake ya nyimbo ya 'Heading Home' na Ruben yikuwoneka pa chiphikiro cha 2021 Silver Screenings.
Ga-Makhushane, Limpopo
Ga-Makhushane, Limpopo ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Mopani District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Limpopo, charu cha South Africa.
Joyce Banda
Banda wakaŵa pulezidenti wachinayi wa Malaŵi ndipo wakaŵa mwanakazi wakwamba kuŵa pulezidenti kweniso mwanakazi wachiŵiri kuŵa mulongozgi wa chalo, pamanyuma pa Elizabeth II. Wakaŵa mwanakazi waciŵiri kuŵa purezidenti mu Africa, pamanyuma pa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf wa ku Liberia. Kweniso wakaŵa wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti wakwamba mwanakazi. Mu Juni 2014, Forbes wakathya President Banda kuŵa mwanakazi wankhongono comene pa caru cose ndiposo mwanakazi wankhongono comene mu Africa. Mu Okutobala 2014, wakalembeka mu BBC's 100 Women.
Buqa, Limpopo
Buqa, Limpopo ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Mopani District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Limpopo, charu cha South Africa.
Joyce Banda
Public offices (1999–2009)
Mu chaka cha 2004, wakasankhikaso kuŵa yumoza wa chipani cha Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika wakaŵa purezidenti. Nangauli Banda wakaŵa wa chipani chakwake yayi, kweni Mutharika wakamwimika kuŵa Minisita wa vyalo vinyake mu 2006. Banda wakasintha kuti Malawi wamanye boma la China kufuma ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) kuya ku People's Republic of China ku mainland. Iyo wakati kusintha uku kukovwira Malawi pa vyachuma. Mu 2010, boma la China likamalizga kuzenga Nyumba ya Ufumu ku Lilongwe.
Transition of power
Pa 7 Epulero, boma la Malawi likapempha khoti kuti liŵakanizge Banda kuŵa pulezidenti. Iyo wakaimbira foni mulara wa ŵasilikari, Henry Odillo, na kumufumba usange wangamovwira. Mfumu wake wakazomera ndipo wakaŵika ŵasilikari kuzingilizga nyumba yake.
Philanthropy and development initiatives
Banda wakakhwaskika na milimo yinandi ya ŵanakazi kwambira waka apo wakaŵa na vilimika 25 kuti wasinthe ndondomeko, comenecomene mu vya masambiro. Wakayambiska Joyce Banda Foundation for Better Education. Wakayambiska bungwe la Young Women Leaders Network, National Association of Business Women na Hunger Project ku Malawi. Iyo pamoza na pulezidenti Joaquim Chissano wa Mozambique ŵakapokera chawanangwa cha 1997 cha Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger na Hunger Project, bungwe la boma yayi ilo lili ku New York. Wakagwiliskira nchito ndalama izo wakapokera kuti wawovwirepo pakuzenga Joyce Banda Foundation ya ŵana. Mu chaka cha 2006, wakapokera chawanangwa cha International Award for the Health and Dignity of Women chifukwa cha kujipeleka kwake pa wanangwa wa ŵanakazi ŵa ku Malawi kufuma ku American for United Nations Population Fund.
Sifasonke, Limpopo
Sifasonke, Limpopo ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Mopani District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Limpopo, charu cha South Africa.
Embangweni (ving'anamulilo vinyake)
Embangweni wangang'anamula:
Mndandanda wa viyuni vyamu Malaŵi
Pheasants, grouse, and allies
Order: GalliformesFamily: Phasianidae Viyuni vya mu mbumba ya Phasianidae ni viyuni vya pa caru capasi ivyo vikusazgapo viyuni vya viyuni vya viyuni vya mu nkhorongo, viyuni vya mu nkhorongo, viyuni vya mu nkhorongo, viyuni vya mu nkhorongo. Kanandi vikupambana ukuru ndipo vili na mapapindo ghatali.
Nyalikoma
Order: PhoenicopteriformesFamily: Phoenicopteridae Viyuni ivi ni vyamoyo ivyo vikukhala pamoza, ndipo kanandi vikuŵa na utali wa mamita 0.9 m'paka 1.5 ndipo vikusangika ku Western na Eastern Hemispheres. Viyuni ivi vikurya visomba na visomba vinyake. Viwuno vyawo vyakupambanapambana vili kupangika makora kuti vipature mathipa ku vyakurya ivyo ŵakurya.
Njiwa na nkhunda
Order: ColumbiformesFamily: Columbidae Nkhunda na njiwa ni viyuni vikuruvikuru ivyo vili na singo zifupi na matama ghafupi.
Nightjars and allies
Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves.
Buttonquail
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Turnicidae
Hoopoes
Order: BucerotiformesFamily: Upupidae
African barbets
Order: PiciformesFamily: Lybiidae The African barbets are plump birds, with short necks and large heads. They get their name from the bristles which fringe their heavy bills. Most species are brightly coloured.
Falcons
Order: FalconiformesFamily: Falconidae
Pittas
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Pittidae
Vangas, helmetshrikes, and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Vangidae The helmetshrikes are similar in build to the shrikes, but tend to be colourful species with distinctive crests or other head ornaments, such as wattles, from which they get their name.
Fairy flycatchers
Most of the species of this small family are found in Africa, though a few inhabit tropical Asia. They are not closely related to other birds called "flycatchers".
Penduline-tits
The penduline tits are a group of small passerine birds related to the true tits. They are insectivores.
Nicators
The nicators are shrike-like, with hooked bills. They are endemic to sub-Saharan Africa.
African warblers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Macrosphenidae
Leaf warblers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Phylloscopidae Viyuni ivi vikusangika chomene mu vyaru vya ku Europe na Asia. Viyuni ivi vikuŵa vikuruvikuru, ndipo kanandi vikuŵa na viŵaya vyakutotowa ndipo kusi vikuŵa vyachitima.
Bush warblers and allies
Ŵanthu ŵa mu mbumba iyi ŵakusangika mu Africa, Asia, na Polynesia. Vinthu vikusintha chomene pa nkhani iyi, ndipo ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakuti mtundu wa Erythrocerus uli mu mbumba yinyake.
Wanangwa wa ŵanthu mu Zambia
Wanangwa wa vyakupharazga
Bungwe loona za ufulu wa anthu la Freedom House, lomwe limafalitsa malipoti a chaka chilichonse pa nkhani ya ufulu wa atolankhani, lalemba kuti atolankhani a ku Zambia ndi "Osamasuka" ngakhale mu 2016.
Ukaboni
<references group="" responsive="1">
Namibia
Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa. Its western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east. Although it does not border Zimbabwe, less than 200 metres (660 feet) of the Botswanan right bank of the Zambezi River separates the two countries. Namibia gained independence from South Africa on 21 March 1990, following the Namibian War of Independence. Its capital and largest city is Windhoek. Namibia is a member state of the United Nations (UN), the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union (AU) and the Commonwealth of Nations.
Pre-colonial period
In 1878, the Cape of Good Hope, then a British colony, annexed the port of Walvis Bay and the offshore Penguin Islands; these became an integral part of the new Union of South Africa at its creation in 1910.
After independence
In December 2014, Prime Minister Hage Geingob, the candidate of ruling SWAPO, won the presidential elections, taking 87% of the vote. His predecessor, President Hifikepunye Pohamba, also of SWAPO, had served the maximum two terms allowed by the constitution. In December 2019, President Hage Geingob was re-elected for a second term, taking 56.3% of the vote.
Geography
The Central Plateau runs from north to south, bordered by the Skeleton Coast to the northwest, the Namib Desert and its coastal plains to the southwest, the Orange River to the south, and the Kalahari Desert to the east. The Central Plateau is home to the highest point in Namibia at Königstein elevation 2606 m.
Namibia's Coastal Desert is one of the oldest deserts in the world. Its sand dunes, created by the strong onshore winds, are the highest in the world. Because of the location of the shoreline, at the point where the Atlantic's cold water reaches Africa's hot climate, often extremely dense fog forms along the coast. Near the coast there are areas where the dune-hummocks are vegetated. Namibia has rich coastal and marine resources that remain largely unexplored.
Climate
The Central Plateau and Kalahari areas have wide diurnal temperature ranges of up to 30C (54F).
Water sources
More than 100,000 boreholes have been drilled in Namibia over the past century. One third of these boreholes have been drilled dry. An aquifer called Ohangwena II, on both sides of the Angola-Namibia border, was discovered in 2012. It has been estimated to be capable of supplying a population of 800,000 people in the North for 400 years, at the current (2018) rate of consumption. Experts estimate that Namibia has 7,720 km3 of underground water.
Communal Wildlife Conservancies
Mu vyaru vichoko waka pa caru cose capasi, dango la boma la Namibia likuyowoyapo comene za kuvikilira na kuvikilira vinthu vyakuthupi. Ndime ya 95 yikuti, "Boma likulimbikira kukhozga na kusungilira umoyo uwemi wa ŵanthu pakutolera ndondomeko ya vyaru ivyo vikulondezga fundo izi: kusungilira vyamoyo, vinthu ivyo vikukhumbikwa pa umoyo wa ŵanthu, na vinthu ivyo vikukhumbikwa pa umoyo wa ŵanthu ku Namibia, kweniso kugwiliskira ntchito vinthu ivyo vikukhumbikwa pa umoyo wa ŵanthu ku Namibia kuti ŵanthu wose ŵa mu charu ichi ŵasange chandulo sono na munthazi".
Mining and electricity
Munda wa migodi ndiwo ukupeleka ndalama zinandi chomene ku charu cha Namibia. Namibia ni caru cacinayi pa vyaru ivyo vikupanga mafuta ghakununkhira mu Africa, ndipo pa vyaru vyose ivyo vikupanga uranium, ico cikaŵa cacinayi. Pali ndalama zinandi izo zaŵikika mu migodi ya uranium ndipo Namibia wakunozgekera kuti yiŵe charu chikuru icho chikufumiska uranium mu 2015. Ndipouli, mu chaka cha 2019, charu cha Namibia chikalutilira kupanga matani 750 gha uranium pa chaka, ndipo ichi chikapangiska kuti charu ichi chiŵe na vyakurya vinandi yayi pa charu chose chapasi. Pakuti ku Namibia kuli malibwe ghanandi gha dayamondi, ndiko kukusangika malibwe gha mtengo wapatali comene. Nangauli charu cha Namibia chikumanyikwa kuti chili na malibwe gha dayamondi na uranium, kweni ŵanthu ŵakufumiskamo vinthu vinyake nga ni tungsten, golide, tin, fluorspar, manganese, marble, mkuŵa, na zinc. Mu nyanja ya Atlantic muli mafuta ghanandi agho ŵanthu ŵaghanaghanenge kughagura kunthazi. Kuyana na buku la "The Diamond Investigation", ilo likuyowoya za malonda gha dayamondi pa caru cose, kufuma mu 1978, De Beers, kampani yikuru comene ya dayamondi, yikaguranga dayamondi zinandi za ku Namibia, ndipo yikalutilira kucita nthena, cifukwa cakuti "ufumu uliwose uwo uzamwiza ku muwuso uzamukhumbikwira ndalama izi kuti uŵe na umoyo".
Health
[[File:AIDS and HIV prevalence 2008.svg|thumb|upright=1.3|Estimated percentage of HIV among young adults (15–49) per country.
Sport
Timu ya rugby ya ku Namibia ndiyo yikwenda makora comene pa nkhonyo zose, ndipo yalutapo pa nkhonyo zinkhondi na yimoza ya caru cose. Mu 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015 na 2019 Namibia yikaŵapo pa mpikisano wa Rugby World Cup. Charu cha India chikupanga maseŵero ghakupambanapambana, nga ni maseŵero gha Cricket World Cup 2003, ICC T20 World Cup 2021 na ICC Men's T20 World Cup 2022. Mu Disembala 2017, Namibia Cricket yikafika pa final ya Cricket South Africa (CSA) Provincial One Day Challenge kwa nyengo yakwamba. Mu Febuluwale 2018 ku Zimbabwe kukachitika chiphikiro cha ICC World Cricket League Division 2 icho chikachitikanga na Namibia, Kenya, UAE, Nepal, Canada na Oman. Kweniso Namibia yikafika pa malo ghakwenelera kuti yilute ku ICC T20 World Cup 2021 ndipo yikaluta ku Super 12.
Lehlareng
Lehlareng ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Mopani District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Limpopo, charu cha South Africa.
GaMaphale, Limpopo
GaMaphale, Limpopo ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Mopani District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Limpopo, charu cha South Africa.
KaMininginisi
KaMininginisi ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Mopani District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Limpopo, charu cha South Africa.
Idriss Déby
Muma 2000
Déby wakasankhikaso pa mavoti gha pulezidenti mu mwezi wa Meyi 2001, ndipo wakathereska mu chigaŵa chakwamba na mavoti 63.17%, mwakuyana na ivyo vikachitika. Mu 2005, pakawuka nkhondo pakati pa Ŵakhristu na Ŵasilamu. Mu Malichi 2006, boma likayezga kuwiska ndege ya Déby. Pakati pa Epulero 2006, pakaŵa nkhondo na ŵakugaluka ku N'Djaména, kweni nkhondo yikamara mwaluŵiro. Pamasinda, Déby wakadumura ubwezi wake na Sudan, ndipo wakati boma ili likovwira ŵakugaluka.
Umoyo wamunthu
Pa Julayi 2, 2007, mwana wa Déby, Brahim, ŵakamusanga wakufwa wa vyaka 27 mu malo ghakupakira magalimoto gha mu nyumba yake kufupi na Paris. Kuyana na lipoti la kupima thupi la munthu uyu, wakwenera kuti wakafwa na maji ghatuŵa agho ghakafuma mu chakubisira moto. Ŵapolisi ŵa ku France ŵakamba kufumiska mulandu wa kukoma munthu. Brahim wakaŵa kuti wafumiskikapo pa udindo wake wa kuŵa wakupeleka fundo kwa pulezidenti chaka chimoza kumasinda, wati wapika mulandu wa kuŵa na minkhwala na vilwero. Blogger Makaila Nguebla wakulongosora kuti ŵalongozgi ŵanandi ŵa boma la Chadi ŵafumako ku boma chifukwa cha ukali uwo ŵakaŵa nawo chifukwa cha nkharo ya Brahim. Wakaŵatimbanga nduna za boma, ndipo ŵalaraŵalara ŵa Chadi ŵakakhozgeka soni na mwana wa Déby". Mu Julayi 2011, ŵanalume ŵanayi ŵakaŵasanga na mulandu wa "kwiba kwambura kukhumba kukoma munthu".
Chigaŵa cha Mwalala, Chama
Mwalala, Chama ni malo ghakusangika mu chigaŵa cha pakati mu boma la Chama mu charu cha Zambia. Unandi wa ŵanthu mu chaka cha 2010 ukaŵa 6,377. Ukulu wa malo ni 776.5 km². Boma la Chama mu 2010 likaŵa na ŵanthu ŵakukwana 103,894, wose kusazga pamoza.
Phalaborwa, Limpopo
Phalaborwa, Limpopo ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Mopani District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Limpopo, charu cha South Africa.
Rotterdam, Limpopo
Rotterdam, Limpopo ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Mopani District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Limpopo, charu cha South Africa.
Unduna wa vya Umoyo (Zambia)
Unduna wa vyaumoyo ni unduna wa vyaumoyo mu Zambia. Ofesi yake yikuru yili ku Lusaka.
Maseke, Limpopo
Maseke, Limpopo ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Mopani District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Limpopo, charu cha South Africa.
Maraka, Limpopo
Maraka, Limpopo ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Mopani District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Limpopo, charu cha South Africa.
KaNgove
KaNgove ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Mopani District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Limpopo, charu cha South Africa.
ChiTumbuka
Noun classes
Class 5/6 (Li-Ma-)
Class 12/13 (Ka-Tu-)
These nouns are frequently abstract and have no plural.
Subject prefix
In the perfect tense, these are shortened to n-a-, w-a-, w-a-, t-a-, mw-a-, ŵ-a-, e.g. t-a-gula 'we have bought'.
Object-marker
The locative markers for personal pronouns are as follows:
The Ngoni influence on Tumbuka
Viyowoyero vyose vya Chitumbuka vikakhwaskika na chiyowoyero cha Chigoni, chomenechomene mu chigaŵa cha Mzimba ku Malawi. Chiyowoyero cha Ngoni chikamba na ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Ndwandwe awo ŵakaŵa ŵazengezgani ŵa fuko la Zulu pambere Ŵazulu ŵandaŵathereske. Ntheura chiyowoyero icho Ŵandwandwe ŵakayowoyanga chikaŵa chakuyana waka na cha Ŵazulu. Apa pali viyelezgero vinyake vya mazgu gha Chitumbuka agho ghali kufuma ku chiZulu/Ndwandwe, nangauli ghanandi ghali na mazgu ghakwambilira gha Chitumbuka agho ghakung'anamulika mu chiyowoyero ichi.
People
The plural ba- (ŵa-) is often used for politeness when referring to elders:
Wanangwa wa LGBT mu Zambia
Ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakusuzgika na kusankhana mitundu ŵakuchitira nkhaza ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa LGBT. Ŵangaŵawofya, kuŵasuzga, kuŵapweteka, kuŵachitira nkhaza, na kuŵakoma. Ŵanthu awo ŵakutemwa kugonana na ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi awo ŵakutemwa kugonana na ŵanakazi panji ŵanakazi awo ŵakutemwa kugonana na ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi awo ŵakutemwa kugonana na ŵanakazi.
Malango gha dango
Ndondomeko ya malango ya mu 1991, nga umo yikasinthikira na Dango Nambara 17 la 1996, yili na fundo yakukanizga kusankhana. Kuyana na ndime 23 (1), "palije dango ilo lingaŵa lakususkana panji kusankhana". Ndime 23 (2) yikukanizga kusankhana mitundu "na munthu waliyose uyo wakuchita vinthu mwakuyana na dango lakulembeka panji para wakuchita milimo ya boma", ndipo ndime 23 (3) yikulongosora kuti kusankhana mitundu kukusazgapo kupwelelera ŵanthu chifukwa cha "mtundu, fuko, kugonana, malo agho ŵali kufuma, mbumba, maghanoghano gha ndyali, mtundu wa thupi panji chisopa". Mu Dango la Zambia mulije dango lakuvikilira mwankhongono pa nkhani ya kusankhana chifukwa cha kugonana panji kugonana.
HIV/AIDS
Mu Juni 2007, Unduna wa vya Umoyo wa ku Zambia, pamoza na wupu wa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) na Society for Family Health (Society for Family Health) uwo uli pasi pa wupu wa Population Services International, ŵakakolerana kuti ŵachitenge kafukufuku kuti ŵamanye umo ŵanalume ŵakutemwana ŵekhaŵekha ŵakusuzgikira na HIV na AIDS.
Sefikeng, Limpopo
Sefikeng, Limpopo ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Mopani District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Limpopo, charu cha South Africa.
Namenwamarhanga
Namenwamarhanga ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Mopani District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Limpopo, charu cha South Africa.
Wanangwa wa ŵanthu mu Malaŵi
Basic rights
The 2012 report of the Human Rights Institute of the International Bar Association indicates that even in the last days of Mutharika's regime, when the news media were subjected to “interference and harassment” and “incidents of intimidation,” they “remained relatively free” and continued to “present a diversity of opinion.” The report cited “the burning of vehicles of independent radio service Zodiak,” the death threats reportedly received by journalists, the arrest and beating of journalists at the July 2011 demonstrations, and the government-ordered “media blackout” of those demonstrations.
Nyanyokane, Limpopo
Nyanyokane, Limpopo ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Mopani District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Limpopo, charu cha South Africa.
Wanangwa wa ŵanthu mu Malaŵi
HIV/AIDS rights
There is great stigma associated with HIV/AIDS status in Malawi, and considerable discrimination. MHRC Commissioner Dalitso Kubalasa said in October 2012 that “HIV and AIDS is a human rights issue in that lack of respect for human rights increases the spread and impact of the epidemic. Furthermore, the disease exposes people who are affected by the virus to various human rights violations through stigma and discrimination.” He urged that district commissioners be given training that would reduce this stigma and discrimination.
International treaties
• Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children. Child Prostitution and Child Pornography (2009)
Worcester, Limpopo
Worcester, Limpopo ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Mopani District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Limpopo, charu cha South Africa.
Finale, Limpopo
Finale, Limpopo ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Mopani District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Limpopo, charu cha South Africa.
Tilyenji Kaunda
Ntchito
Ŵadada ŵake ndiwo ŵakalongozganga UNIP kufuma mu 1960 mpaka 2000. Telyeni wakayamba kulongozga chipani cha UNIP mu 2001, kweni pa 5 April 2021 wakataya pa chisankho cha mukati mwa chipani kuti waŵe pulezidenti wa chipani.
Socrates
Aristophanes na mabuku ghanyake
Ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakalemba vya Socrates ŵakaŵa Aeschines wa ku Sphettus, Antisthenes, Aristippus, Bryson, Cebes, Crito, Euclid wa ku Megara, Phaedo, na Aristotle. Aristotle wakaŵako mu nyengo ya Socrates yayi, kweni wakasambira kwa Plato vyaka 20. Aristotle wakuwona kuti Socrates wali nga ni Xenophon na Plato, awo ŵakaŵa paubwezi na Socrates. Aristotle wakamanyanga makora nkhani zakupambanapambana za Socrates. Iyo wakumanya vinandi yayi vyakukhwaskana na Socrates. Iyo wakulemba vinandi yayi vyakukhwaskana na Socrates, ndipo para walemba, wakuŵika mtima comene pa nkhani za Plato. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakukayikira kuti wakalemba vya vinjeru vya ŵanthu. Ndipouli, ivyo wakayowoya ni vyakuzirwa comene kuti tipulikiske Socrates.
Tilyenji Kaunda
Ukaboni
<references group="" responsive="1">
Socrates
Umoyo wake
Socrates wakafwira ku Ateni mu 399 B.C.E. pamanyuma pa kweruzgika cifukwa ca kuleka kopa Ciuta na uheni wa ŵawukirano uwo ukamara zuŵa limoza pera. Zuŵa laumaliro la umoyo wake mu jere, wakaŵa pamoza na ŵabwezi ŵake na ŵalondezgi ŵake awo ŵakamuphalira kuti wafumemo mu jele, kweni wakakana. Wakafwa mulenji wakulondezgapo, mwakuyana na cilango ico wakapika, wati wamwa poyizoni wa hemlock. Wakafumapo yayi ku Ateni, padera pa nkhondo izo wakacitako.
Nthowa ya Socrates
Ŵasayansi ŵakukayikira usange nthowa ya Socrates yikaŵa yiwemi kweniso usange yikaŵa nadi. Mu 1982, Gregory Vlastos, nkhwantha ya vinjeru vyakale, wakayowoya kuti nthowa ya Socrates yingaŵawovwira yayi kumanya unenesko panji utesi wa fundo. Kweni Vlastos wakati, ni nthowa ya kulongolera kuti ivyo munthu wakugomezga vikupambana. Ŵanthu ŵakughanaghana vigaŵa viŵiri vyakukhwaskana na fundo iyi, kuyana na umo ŵanthu ŵakuwonera kuti Socrates wakakhumbanga kulongora kuti ivyo wakayowoya vikaŵa vyautesi. Kuyana na fundo yakwamba, iyo yikumanyikwa na zina lakuti constructionist approach, Socrates wakayezgapo kuti wasuske fundo yinyake na nthowa iyi. Ŵanthu awo ŵakughanaghana kuti vinthu vikwenda makora yayi ŵakuti Socrates wakukhumba waka kulongora kuti fundo iyo wakayowoya njambura kukolerana na ivyo wakayowoya pakwamba.
Nkharo yiwemi na umanyi
Fundo ya Socrates yikulongora kuti mikhaliro yose yiwemi njimoza, cifukwa njimoza mwa mikhaliro iyi. Kuyana na Socrates, cifukwa ico munthu wakuŵira wambura kwenelera nchakuti wakusoŵa mahara. Pakuti umanyi ukuŵa pamoza, mikhaliro yiwemi nayo yikuŵa pamoza. Mazgu ghanyake ghakumanyikwa comene ghakuti "palije uyo wakubudiska mwakujipeleka" nagho ghakafuma ku fundo iyi. Mu buku la Protagoras, Socrates wakalongosora umo mikhaliro yiwemi yikukolerana pakuyowoya vya chikanga. Aristotle wakati: "... Socrates mulara wakaghanaghananga kuti cilato ca umoyo nkhumanya uwemi, ndipo wakapenjerezganga ng'anamuro la urunji, cikanga, na cigaŵa cilicose ca uwemi, ndipo ici cikaŵa cavinjeru, cifukwa wakaghanaghananga kuti uwemi wose ni sayansi, ndipo para munthu wamanya urunji, waŵenge wakunyoloka"...
Nyengo ya Ŵagiriki
Ŵastoyiki ŵakagomezganga comene Socrates. Ŵakagwiliskira ntchito nthowa ya Socrates kuti ŵaleke kupambana maghanoghano. Visambizgo vyawo vya makhaliro vikaŵa vyakukhwaskana na umo munthu wangakhalira makora mwa vinjeru na nkharo yiwemi. Ŵastoyiki ŵakagomezganga kuti nkharo yiwemi njakuzirwa comene kuti munthu waŵe wakukondwa, kweniso ŵakasambizganga kuti kuŵa na nkharo yiwemi nkhwakuzirwa comene. Pa nyengo yeneyiyo pera, fundo za Plato zikayowoyanga kuti Socrates ndiyo wakambiska fundo za mu Baibolo. Arcesilaus, uyo wakaŵa mulara wa sukulu iyi pakati pajumpha vilimika 80 kufuma apo Plato wakayipangira, wakasintha visambizgo vya sukulu iyi ndipo sono ŵanthu ŵakumanya kuti ni vyautesi. Ŵanthu awo ŵakagomezganga kuti vinthu ni viwemi yayi ŵakakwesananga na Ŵasitoiki pa nkhani ya uyo wakeneranga kulondezga fundo za Socrates. Apo Ŵasitoiki ŵakasuskanga fundo za mu Baibolo, Arcesilaus wakathembanga fundo za Socrates. Ŵasitoiki ŵakamuzgora Arcesilaus kuti Socrates wakamanya yayi vinthu vinyake (pakuti iwo ŵakakanizganga kuyowoya vyanthena).
Thako, Limpopo
Thako, Limpopo ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Mopani District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Limpopo, charu cha South Africa.
Molalane, Limpopo
Molalane, Limpopo ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Mopani District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Limpopo, charu cha South Africa.
Gulu la bola la Zambia
Mu 2013
Mu chaka cha 2013, Zambia yikathereskeka mu chigaŵa chakwamba cha CAN 2013 kwambura kutondeka maseŵero ghamoza. Pakati pajumpha vilimika viŵiri, Zambia yikasanganaso na viyezgo pa maseŵera gha AFCON, kweni yikathereskeka mu cigaŵa cakwamba. Zambia yikatondeka kufika ku finals kwa nyengo yakwamba mu vyaka 13 pa mpikisano wa 2017 ndipo yikataya ku Guinea-Bissau. Pa chiyanjano cha CAN 2019, Chipolopolos wakalephera kupambana, wakamalizga pa 7 points, point yimoza kupatulako Namibia, pa 2nd, na points ziŵiri kupatulako Guinea-Bissau uyo wakamalizga pachanya pa gulu. Ichi nchakukhuŵazga chomene ku Zambia chifukwa yikutondeka kuseŵera pa nyengo yaciŵiri yakulondezgana ya CAN nangauli yikapoka mphaka iyi vyaka vinkhondi na viŵiri kumasinda ndipo yikaŵa yaumaliro pa nyengo iyo yikaseŵeranga. Ku Zambia kukaŵa kovwira chomene pa nyengo iyi, chifukwa ŵakafika pa malo ghachitatu ndipo ŵakafika pa malo gha Zimbabwe.
Chiyowoyero cha ChiLuvale
ChiLuvale (panji Chiluvale, Lovale, Lubale, Luena, Lwena) ni chiyowoyero cha Bantu icho chikuyowoyeka na ŵanthu ŵa Lovale ku Angola na Zambia. Chiyowoyero ichi chikuyowoyeka na ŵanthu 168,000 mu Zambia. Luvale wakugwiliskira ntchito vilembo vya Cilatini.
Kupangika kwa Arusha
Chikhulupiriro
Chigaŵa chakwamba cha Arusha Declaration, The TANU Creed, chikulongosora fundo za socialism na udindo wa boma:
Wanangwa wa LGBT mu Afilika
Boma la South Africa ndilo likuzomerezga ŵanthu awo ŵakugonana ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha. Charu cha South Africa ndico nchigaŵa cimoza pera mu Africa umo kusankhana mtundu uliwose kwa ŵa LGBT kuli kukanizgika na dango. Mu 2006, charu cha South Africa ndicho chikaŵa chakwamba kuzomerezga kuti ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵatoranenge ŵekhaŵekha. Ndipouli, kusankhana nkhucepa comene mu misumba yikuruyikuru, ndipo mu misumba nga ni Johannesburg, Cape Town, Durban, Pretoria, Port Elizabeth, East London, Bloemfontein, Nelspruit, Pietermaritzburg, Kimberley na George muli ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa mtundu wa LGBT. Msumba ukuru wa Johannesburg, Durban, na Cape Town, ndiwo ukuzomerezga ŵanthu ŵa mtundu uwu ndipo ndiwo ŵanthu ŵakuŵatemwa chomene. Ndipouli, nangauli boma likuzomerezga kuti ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa LGBT ŵa mu charu cha South Africa ŵakusuzgika, kweni ŵanthu aŵa ŵakusuzgika chomene mu vyaru vya ku mizi. Vyaru vya Spain, Portugal, Britain, na France vikazomerezga nthengwa za ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha.
Ŵalendo awo ŵakutemwa kugonana na ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵanyawo ŵakuchiskika kuti ŵacitenge mwamahara para ŵali ku Africa kuti ŵaleke kuwonelera ŵanthu ŵakuŵatemwa. Charu cha South Africa chikuwoneka kuti ndi chalo cha Africa icho chikutemwa chomene ŵanthu ŵa mtundu uwu pa nkhani ya wanangwa wa ŵanthu ŵa mtundu uwu..
Kumafumilo gha Dazi gha Afilika
Mu vyaru vinandi vya ku mafumiro gha dazi kwa Africa, ŵanthu ŵakutemwa kugonana kwa ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi pera. Mu vyaru ivyo vikaŵako pambere Charu cha Africa chindambe kulamulirika, pakaŵa ŵasembe ŵanalume awo ŵakavwaranga nga mbanakazi. Munthu munyake wakusanda vya ŵanthu wa ku Britain, zina lake Rodney Needham, wakalongosora kuti ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Meru na wa Kikuyu ku Kenya ŵakalondezganga chisopa ichi. Kanandi ŵanthu ŵa Mugawe ŵakugonana ŵanalume pera, ndipo nyengo zinyake ŵakutengwa kwa mwanalume.
Kumanjililo gha Dazi gha Afilika
Ŵanthu ŵa ku Dagaaba, awo ŵakakhalanga ku Burkina Faso, ŵakagomezganga kuti ŵanalume awo ŵakugonana ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha ŵangaŵa ŵimiliri pakati pa mizimu na ŵanthu. Kweniso ŵakagomezganga kuti kugonana kukuthemba pa nkhongono za munthu m'malo mwa thupi lake.
Sofaya, Limpopo
Sofaya, Limpopo ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Mopani District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Limpopo, charu cha South Africa.
Greater Tzaneen, Limpopo
Greater Tzaneen, Limpopo ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Mopani District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Limpopo, charu cha South Africa.
Kuwukira kwa Maji Maji
Ŵasilikari ŵakagwiliskira nchito masalamusi kuti ŵacimbizge Ŵaciroma. Munthu munyake wakuchemeka Kinjikitile Ngwale, uyo wakasopanga chisopa cha Ciisilamu, wakati wali na mzimu wa njoka wakucemeka Hongo. Ngwale wakamba kujicema Bokero ndipo wakagomezganga kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku German East Africa ŵakacemeka kuti ŵaparane na Ŵajeremani. Ŵasayansi ŵa ku Germany ŵakalemba kuti wakapeleka munkhwala ku ŵalondezgi ŵake uwo ukazgoranga maji ku futi za ku Germany. "Mankhwala agha" ghakaŵa maji (maji mu Ciswahili) agho ŵakasazgako mafuta gha castor na njere za mphoza. Ŵalondezgi ŵa Bokero ŵakamba kugaluka chifukwa cha maji agha.
Kuwukira
Ŵasilikari ŵa Germany ŵakacitiska njara yikuru cifukwa ca kukoma ŵanthu. Von Götzen wakaŵa wakunozgeka kugowokera ŵasilikari wose awo ŵakaleka vilwero vyawo, ŵalongozgi ŵawo, na awo ŵakachizganga ŵalwari. Ndipouli, wakeneranga kucimbizga ŵakugaluka awo ŵakakhalako, ntheura wakasankha njara. Mu 1905, yumoza wa ŵalongozgi ŵa ŵasilikari ŵa Germany, Kaputeni Wangenheim, wakalembera von Götzen kuti: "Njara na kusoŵerwa pera ndivyo vingapangiska kuti ŵathereskeke. Nkhondo pera ndiyo yiŵenge nga ni maji mu nyanja".
Ndyali za Zambia
Mbiri ya ndyali
Chipani cha Kaunda, United National Independence Party (UNIP), chikakhazikiskika mu 1959 ndipo chikaŵa na mazaza kufuma mu 1964 mpaka 1991. Pambere chaka cha 1972 chindafike, Zambia yikaŵa na vipani vikuruvikuru vitatu: UNIP, Northern Rhodesian African National Congress, na United Progressive Party (UPP). Gulu la ANC likasanga nkhongono kufuma ku vigaŵa vya kumanjiliro gha dazi na kumwera, apo UPP yikasanga wovwiri pakati pa ŵanthu ŵakuyowoya chiBemba mu vigaŵa vya kumpoto. Nangauli mu vigaŵa vyose vya caru ici ŵanthu ŵakakolerana nayo yayi, kweni UNIP pera ndiyo yikaŵa na ŵalondezgi ŵanandi pa caru cose.
Boma la chipani cimoza
Mu Febuluwale 1972, Zambia yikazgoka boma la chipani cimoza, ndipo vipani vinyake vyose vya ndyali vikakanizgika. Kenneth Kaunda, uyo wakaŵa yekha uyo wakakhumbanga kuŵa pulezidenti, wakasankhika pa maungano gha mu 1973. Pakaŵaso maungano gha chigaŵa. Ŵanthu ŵa UNIP pera ndiwo ŵakazomerezgekanga kwimilira, kweni malo agha ghakaŵa ghakusuzga chomene. Mu Disembala 1978 na Okutobala 1983, pulezidenti Kaunda wakimikikaso. Mu 1983, ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 60 pa 100 awo ŵakalembeska ŵakavota, ndipo 93% ŵakazomera.
2001–2008
Mwanawasa wati wafwa mu Ogasiti 2008, wapampando wa Zambia Rupiah Banda ndiyo wakamusankhira udindo wa purezidenti, ndipo wakakhalapo nyengo yitali m'paka pa mavoti gha mwaluŵiro pa 30 Okutobala 2008. Banda wakathereska mulongozgi wa chipani chakususkana na boma Michael Sata, ndipo wakamalizga nyengo ya Mwanawasa.
Dambo la Shire
Mlonga wa Shire ni mronga ukuru comene mu Malawi. Ni maji ghekha agho ghakuthira mu Nyanja ya Malawi ndipo ghakuthira mu Mlonga wa Zambezi ku Mozambique. Utali wake ni makilomita 402. Mlonga wa Upper Shire ukufuma mu Nyanja ya Malawi ndipo uli na mtunda wa makilomita 19 pambere undafike mu Nyanja ya Malombe. Kufuma apo, maji ghakukhira kufuma mu Nyanja ya Malombe na kuluta kumwera kujumpha mu malo ghakuchemeka Liwonde National Park. Pakati pa matawuni gha Matope na Chikwawa, mlonga wa pakati ukujumpha mamita 400. Madamu ghaŵiri gha maji agho ghakazengeka kumpoto kwa Blantyre.
Ndyali za Zambia
Wupu wamalango
Nyumba ya Malamulo ya ku Zambia ndiyo yikupanga malango. Nyumba ya Malamulo ya sono, yikapangika pamanyuma pa mavoti agho ghakachitika pa 12 August 2021, yili na mamembala 167. Mamembala 156 ghakusankhika mwakudunjika mu vigaŵa vya mamembala ghamoza pakugwiliskira nchito ndondomeko ya unandi wa ŵanthu. Ŵabali wose ŵakuteŵetera vyaka vinkhondi.
Ulendo Airlink
Malo agho ŵakuluta
Ulendo Airlink yikuchita maulendo gha ndege gha IATA W4 kweniso maulendo gha ndege ghapachanya gha safari na NGO ku malo ghakurughakuru na ghakutali mu Malaŵi. Likwendeska ndege izi:
Ukaboni
<references group="" responsive="1">
Solwezi
Makhalilo
Solwezi ili pa Chingola ∼Solwezi ∼Mwinilunga Road (T5 Road of Zambia), pafupifupi makilomita 177 (110 mi) kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Chingola ndipo pafupifupi makilomita 275 (171 mi) kumwera chakumafumiro gha dazi kwa Mwinilunga, kumpoto chakumanjiliro gha dazi kwa charu. Malo agho msumba uwu ulipo ni:12°08'36.0"S, 26°23'09.0"E (Latitude:-12.143333; Longitude:26.385833). Malo gha Solwezi ghali pa mtunda wa mamita 1,397 (4,583 ft) pachanya pa nyanja.
Ukaboni
<references group="" responsive="1">
Le Corbusier
Kupenta, Cubism, Purism na L'Esprit Nouveau (1918-1922)
Mu nyumba ya Citrohan, Le Corbusier wakapanga nyumba ya makwelero ghatatu. Pa mtenje wa nyumba iyi pakaŵa malo ghakupumulirako dazi. Kuwaro, Le Corbusier wakaŵika makwelero agho ghakaŵawovwiranga kufika pa chipinda chachiŵiri. Pa malo agha, nga umo vikaŵira na maofesi ghanyake gha mu nyengo iyi, wakapangaso mawindo ghakuru. Nyumba iyi yikaŵa yakutowa, ndipo pa vipata vya kuwaro pakaŵavya mawindo. Le Corbusier na Jeanneret ŵakaleka kuzenga mu nyumba iyi, ndipo ŵakasunga vinthu vinyake ivyo vikaŵa nga ni viŵiya. Kanandi vyakuŵikapo nyali vikaŵanga na nyali yimoza. Makuni gha mukati nagho ghakaŵa ghatuŵa.
L'Esprit Nouveau Pavilion (1925)
Mulimo wakuzirwa wa Le Corbusier ukaŵa wa Esprit Nouveau Pavilion, uwo ukazengeka mu 1925 pa ungano wa Paris International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts. Le Corbusier wakazenga nyumba iyi pamoza na Amédée Ozenfant na mubali wake Pierre Jeanneret. Le Corbusier na Ozenfant ŵakaleka kusopa kwa Cubism ndipo ŵakambiska gulu la Purism mu 1918, ndipo mu 1920 ŵakambiska magazini yawo ya L'Esprit Nouveau. Mu magazini yake yiphya, Le Corbusier wakayowoya mwakupulikikwa makora za luso lwa kujitozga, wakati: "Kupambana na makina, luso lwa kujitozga ndakupelekeka ku ŵanthu awo ŵakagwiranga ntchito na mawoko, ndipo likufwa". Kuti walongosore makora ivyo wakaghanaghananga, iyo na Ozenfant ŵakaghanaghana vya kupanga chipinda chichoko waka pa malo agha. Wakalemba kuti nyumba "ni selo ilo lili mu msumba. Selo lili na vinthu vyakuzirwa ivyo vikovwira kuti nyumba yiŵe yakukhora. Vinthu vyakujitozga vikususkana na fundo za mu Baibolo. Mu nyumba yithu muzamuŵa waka vinthu ivyo ŵanthu ŵakuvipanga mu mafakitale na kupanga mu unandi, vinthu ivyo vikukolerana na umo ŵanthu ŵakuchitira mazuŵa ghano.
The Decorative Art of Today (1925)
"Chifukwa wuli mabotolo, vitanda, mabasiketi, na vinthu vinyake vikucemeka vyakusongonora?" Le Corbusier wakafumba. "Ni vinthu vyakovwira.... Vinthu vyakukongoletsera ni vyakukhumbikwa yayi. Nchito ya luso njakukhumbikwa". Wakayowoya kuti kunthazi ŵanthu ŵazamupangaso "vinthu ivyo ni vyakovwira, vyakovwira, kweniso vyakutowa chomene. Para munthu wakuchita vinthu mwamahara kweniso mwakukwana, wakuŵa na nkharo yiwemi". Wakalongosora umo vinthu vizamuŵira kunthazi, wakati: "Chilato nchakuti munthu wagwirenge nchito mu ofesi yiwemi comene ya fekitare yasono, ya makona ghanayi, yakuŵala makora, yakuŵa na malibwe ghatuŵa gha Ripolin (makampani ghakurughakuru gha ku France agho ghakuŵa na malibwe ghakupangira vinthu); uko ŵanthu ŵakucita vinthu mwakukondwa kweniso ŵakukondwa". Wakamalizga na mazgu ghakuti: "Vinthu vyakusongoneska mazuŵa ghano vilije vinthu vyakusongoneska".
Cité Universitaire, Immeuble Clarté na Cité de Refuge (1928–1933)
Pakati pa 1928 na 1934, apo Le Corbusier wakakuranga, wakapika nchito ya kuzenga nyumba zinandi. Mu 1928, boma la Soviet likamutuma kuti wakazenge ofesi yikuru ya mawupu gha ŵantchito. Wakazenga Villa de Madrot mu Le Pradet (1929~1931); na nyumba mu Paris kwa Charles de Bestigui pa nyumba iyo yikaŵa pa Champs-Élysées 1929~1932, (iyo pamanyuma yikaparanyika). Mu 1929-1930 wakazenga malo ghakubisamamo ŵanthu ŵambura pakukhala gha Salvation Army pa Mlonga wa Seine ku Pont d'Austerlitz. Pakati pa 1929 na 1933, wakazenga nyumba yikuru na yakuzirwa comene ya Salvation Army, Cité de Refuge, mu rue Cantagrel mu cigaŵa ca 13 ca Paris. Kweniso wakazenga Swiss Pavilion mu Cité Universitaire mu Paris na nyumba za ŵana ŵa sukulu 46 (1929-33). Wakanozga vinthu vyakuti viŵe mu nyumba iyi. Mu chipinda chikuru mukaŵa vithuzithuzi vyakututuŵa. Mu 1948, wakasintha chithuzithuzi ichi na chithuzithuzi chinyake icho wakajambura yekha. Ku Geneva, wakazenga nyumba ya nyumba zinandi za makuni 45 yakuchemeka Immeuble Clarté. Pakati pa 1931 na 1945 wakazenga nyumba ya nyumba zinandi zakukwana 15, kusazgapo nyumba na studio yake pa 6th na 7th floor, pa 24 rue Nungesser-et-Coli mu 16th arrondissement mu Paris. Mazuŵa ghano, nyumba na studio yake ni vya Fondation Le Corbusier ndipo ŵanthu ŵangaluta kukaviwona.
Mapulojekiti gha Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Caru Cose, ofesi yikuru ya United Nations (1947-1952)
Le Corbusier wakapanga nyumba yinyake yakuyana na iyi ku Rezé-les-Nantes mu chigaŵa cha Loire-Atlantique pakati pa 1948 na 1952, kweniso zinyake zitatu mu Berlin, Briey-en-Forêt na Firminy. Pakati pajumpha vyaka vinandi kufuma apo Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Charu Chose yikambira, Le Corbusier wakamba kumanyikwa chomene chifukwa cha umo wakazengera na umo wakanozgera vinthu.
Nyumba za cisopa (1950-1963)
Le Corbusier wakaluta kakwamba ku malo ghakutali gha mu mapiri gha Ronchamp mu Meyi 1950, wakawona mabingu gha chalichi lakale, ndipo wakajambura vithuzithuzi vya umo vinthu vingaŵira. Pamasinda wakalemba kuti: "Apo nkhazenga chalichi ili, nkhakhumbanga kuti paŵe bata, mtende, lurombo, na chimwemwe. Cifukwa cakuti tikagomezganga kuti vinthu ni vyakupatulika, tikalimbikira comene. Vinthu vinyake ni vyakupatulika, vinyake ni vyakupatulika yayi, kwali ni vya cisopa panji yayi".
Chandigarh (1951–1956)
Mulimo wa Le Corbusier ukaŵa wa kugwiliskira ntchito simenti yambura kupangika makora, iyo yikaŵa yambura kusunkhunyika panji kutowa, kweniso yikaŵa na vilembo vya umo yikomira. Pierre Jeanneret wakalembera kalata mubali wake kuti nyengo zose wakalimbananga na ŵanthu awo ŵakazenganga, awo ŵakatondekanga kuzizipizga kuti ŵanozge na kumalizga kuzenga, comenecomene para ŵalendo ŵakuzirwa ŵiza ku malo agha. Pa nyengo yinyake, pakaŵa ŵantchito 1,000 awo ŵakagwiranga nchito pa malo agho pakaŵa khoti likuru. Le Corbusier wakalembera anyina kuti: "Ni sumu ya kuzenga iyo yikuluska vyose ivyo nkhagomezganga, iyo yikuŵala na kukura mu ungweru. Para munthu wakuwona patali, wakuzizikika comene. Wakaŵa wakutowa comene. Mu vilimika vyose ivi, palije uyo wali kuwonapo ivi".
Umoyo na ntchito (1955-1965)
Mulimo wake wa kuzenga ukaŵa wakupambanapambana, ndipo kanandi wakajintha pa mapulani agho wakachita kumanyuma. Mu 1952 na 1958, wakapangiska nyumba zinandi za ku Roquebrune-Cap-Martin. Wakajizengera nyumba yakuyana na iyi, kweni wakamalizga yayi m'paka apo wakafwira. Kufuma mu 1953 m'paka mu 1957, wakapangiska nyumba ya ŵana ŵa sukulu ŵa ku Brazil ku Cité de la Université ku Paris. Pakati pa 1954 na 1959, wakazenga National Museum of Western Art mu Tokyo. Mulimo wake unyake ukaŵa wa kuzenga malo ghakusoperapo na sitediyamu mu tawuni ya Firminy, uko wakazenga nyumba zake zakwamba (1955-1958), na sitediyamu ku Baghdad, Iraq (iyo yikasintha comene kufuma apo yikazengekera). Kweniso wakazenga nyumba zitatu za Unités d'Habitation mu msumba wa Marseille, yakwamba ku Berlin (1956-1958), yachiŵiri ku Briey-en-Forêt mu chigaŵa cha Meurthe-et-Moselle, ndipo yacitatu ku Firminy (1959-1967). Kufuma mu 1960 m'paka mu 1963, wakazenga nyumba yake yimoza pera ku United States, Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts ku Cambridge, Massachusetts. Jørn Utzon, uyo wakazenganga nyumba ya Sydney Opera House, wakapempha Le Corbusier kuti ndiyo wapange vinthu vya mu nyumba iyi. Le Corbusier wakapangaso chithuzithuzi chakuchemeka Les Dés Sont Jetés, icho chikamara kupangika mu 1960.
Ville Radieuse na Urbanism
Mu ma 1930, Le Corbusier wakasazgirako maghanoghano ghake ghakukhwaskana na vinthu vya mu tawuni, ndipo pamanyuma wakagaŵira mu buku la La Ville radiieuse (The Radiant City) mu 1935. Panyake mphambano yikuru comene pakati pa msumba wa Contemporary City na wa Radiant City njakuti msumba wa Radiant City ukaleka kuŵa na ŵanthu ŵa mafuko ghakupambanapambana; nyumba zikapelekekanga kuyana na unandi wa mbumba, m'malo mwa ndalama. Mwaciyelezgero, Le Corbusier wakawona kuti mu msumba wa Stockholm mukaŵa waka "vinthu vyakofya na vyakuseluska". Iyo wakakhumbanga "kutozga na kusisita" msumba uwu, na kuwuzenga "muzi wakutowa na wankhongono". Nangauli mapulani gha Le Corbusier ghakatondeka, kweni pamasinda ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakazenganga ŵakagwiliskira nchito maghanoghano ghake na "kuparanya" msumba uwu.
Modulor
Mu 1927, Le Corbusier wakajambura nyumba yakuchemeka Villa Stein ku Garches. Nyumba iyi yikaŵa yakutowa chomene, kweniso yikaŵa yakutowa chomene.
Kuzuzulika
Alessandro Hseuh-Bruni wakalemba mu "Le Corbusier's "Fatal Flaws ′′ A Critique of Modernism" kuti"'Kweniso mapulani gha Le Corbusier ghakaŵawovwira kuti ŵanozgeke makora vinthu vya mu tawuni. Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Charu Chose yikakoma ŵanthu mamiliyoni ghanandi ndipo yikachitiska kuti mu misumba yinandi ya ku Europe, kufuma ku England m'paka ku Soviet Union, muŵe nyumba zinandi. Le Corbusier wakawona kuti ni suzgo kupokelera ŵanthu ŵanandi. Mulimo uwu ukawoneka mu 'Cité Radieuse' (Mzinda Wakuŵala), uwo uli mu msumba wa Marseille, France. Kuzenga malo ghakupatulika agha kukathemba pa kuparanyika kwa mizi ya ŵanthu ŵa ku France. Vigaŵa vyose vikabwangandulika kuti viŵe malo gha makuni ghanthena agha. Usange mphanyi wakachita ivyo wakhumba, mphanyi msumba wa Marais ukaparanyika. Mwakusazgirapo, fundo ya kupatukana iyo yikaŵa mu mabuku ghakwambilira gha Le Corbusier yikalutilira mu mboniwoni iyi, ndipo ŵanthu ŵankhongono ŵankhondi ndiwo ŵakaŵa ŵekha awo ŵakaŵa na mwaŵi wa kusangwa na vinthu vya mazuŵa ghano'."
Kunhnyeka
Le Corbusier wakafipanga mtima na masuzgo agho wakawona mu misumba iyo yikaŵa na mafakitale ghakurughakuru. Iyo wakaghanaghananga kuti nyumba za mafakitale zikupangiska ŵanthu kuŵa ŵanandi chomene, kufipiskika, kweniso kuti ŵanthu ŵakuŵa na nkharo ziheni. Wakaŵa mulongozgi wa gulu ilo likakhumbanga kuti ŵanthu ŵakhalenge makora. Buku la Ebenezer Howard lakuti Garden Cities of Tomorrow likawovwira chomene Le Corbusier na ŵanyake awo ŵakakhalanga nayo nyengo yimoza.
Le Corbusier wakawovwira chomene ŵanthu ŵakumanya vya mizi pa charu chose. Ku United States, Shadrach Woods; ku Spain, Francisco Javier Sáenz de Oiza; ku Brazil, Oscar Niemeyer; ku Mexico, Mario Pani Darqui; ku Chile, Roberto Matta; ku Argentina, Antoni Bonet i Castellana (munthu wakucimbira ku Catalonia), Juan Kurchan, Jorge Ferrari Hardoy, Amancio Williams, na Clorindo Testa mu nyengo yakwamba; ku Uruguay, ŵasambizgi Justino Serralta na Carlos Gómez Gavazzo; ku Colombia, Germán Samper Gnecco, Rogelio Salmona, na Dicken Castro; ku Peru, Abel Hurtado na José Carlos Ortecho; ku Lebanon, Joseph Philippe Karam; ku India Shiv Nath Prasad.
Chiyowoyelo cha ChiShona
Old alphabet
From 1931 to 1955, Unified Shona was written with an alphabet developed by linguist Professor Clement Martyn Doke. This included these letters:
Ukaboni
<references group="" responsive="1">
Bethlehem, Free State
Bethlehem, Free State ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Thabo Mofutsanyana District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Free State, charu cha South Africa.
Confucius
Confucius (, "Master Kǒng"; or commonly ; c. 551 – c. 479 BCE) wakaŵa wavinjeru na wandale wa ku China wa nyengo ya Chigumula na Chigumula uyo kanandi wakuwoneka nga ni munthu wakuzirwa chomene pa ŵanthu ŵavinjeru ŵa ku China. Visambizgo vya Confucius na vinjeru vyake ndivyo vikovwira kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku East Asia ŵakhalenge makora.
Kuwelerani ku nyumba
Buku la Zuozhuan likuti Confucius wakawelera kukwake ku Lu apo wakaŵa na vyaka 68, wati wachemeka na Ji Kangzi, nduna yikuru ya ku Lu. Buku la Analects likulongosora kuti mu vyaka vyake vyaumaliro wakasambizganga ŵasambiri 72 panji 77 na kuŵasambizga vinjeru vyakale. [Pakukhumbika ukaboni apa]