cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Zimbabwe
Nyengo
Charu cha Zimbabwe chili na mphepo ya subtropical iyo yikupambana chomene. Ku vigaŵa vya kumwera kwa charu ichi kukufipa chomene, ndipo ku chigaŵa chinyake cha pakati pa charu ichi kukuzizima. Dambo la Zambezi likumanyikwa na kuthukira comene, ndipo ku Eastern Highlands kanandi kukuzizima comene ndipo kukulokwa comene. Nyengo ya vula mu charu ichi yikwamba kuumaliro wa Okutobala m'paka Malichi. Mu charu cha Zimbabwe mukusuzgika na chilangalanga. Mu 2019, njovu zakukwana 55 zikafwa cifukwa ca chilangalanga. Vivula vikuru vikuchitika viŵi yayi.
Boma
Charu cha Zimbabwe chili na boma la pulezidenti. Ndondomeko iyi yikamara mu 2013 apo boma likapeleka malango ghaphya. Mu 2005, boma likasintha malango gha boma la Georgia, ndipo likambaso kuŵa na nyumba yikuru yakucemeka Senate. Nyumba ya Malamulo ndiyo ni nyumba yaciŵiri ya boma. Mu 1987, Mugabe wakasintha malango gha boma, wakawuskapo mazaza gha pulezidenti na gha nduna yikuru kuti paŵe boma la pulezidenti. Chipani chake cha ZANU-PF chakhala chikupambana pa mavoti ghose kwambira apo charu chikapokera wanangwa. Mu 1990, chipani cha ZUM cha Edgar Tekere, icho chikaŵa pa malo ghachiŵiri, chikapokera mavoti 20%.
Ndale
Mu Novembala 2008, boma la Zimbabwe likagwiliskira ntchito ndalama zakukwana madola 7.3 miliyoni gha ku United States izo zikafuma ku The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. Wimiliri wa wupu uwu wakakana kuyowoya umo ndalama zikagwilira nchito, kweni wakalemba kuti zikaŵa zawakawaka yayi, ndipo boma likatondeka kupulikira ivyo likapempha.
Sanctions
Kwambira mu 2000, charu cha Zimbabwe chili pasi pa vyeruzgo vyakufuma ku United States na European Union ivyo vyakhwaska ndyali ya mu charu ichi kweniso ubwezi wa charu ichi na vyaru vya ku Western. Mu 2002, ku Zimbabwe kukaŵa maungano gha chigaŵa, ndipo pambere maungano agha ghandambe, wupu wa EU ukatuma ŵanthu kuti ŵakawonelere. Mu Febuluwale 2002, EU yikaŵika malango ghakukanizga Zimbabwe. Ŵalara ŵa boma pafupifupi 20 ŵakakanizgika kunjira mu Europe, ndipo ndalama za EU zikamara. Pambere mavoti ghandambe, boma la Zimbabwe likapeleka ndalama zakukwana madola 128 miliyoni kufuma mu 2002 m'paka mu 2007, kweni ŵakazikanizga. Ndipouli, EU yikathera waka kupeleka ndalama ku boma, kweni yikalutilira kutuma ndalama kwizira mu mawupu gha wovwiri na mawupu gha boma yayi.
Umoyo
Kuumaliro wa Novembala 2008, maofesi ghanyake gha vipatala vikuruvikuru vitatu vya ku Zimbabwe ghakaleka kugwira ntchito, pamoza na sukulu ya vya munkhwala ya Zimbabwe Medical School. Vipatala ivyo vikaŵa kuti vichali kugwira ntchito vikatondeka kusanga munkhwala. Vinthu vikasintha comene pamanyuma pa boma la umoza na kukhazikiska ndalama zinandi mu mwezi wa Febuluwale mu 2009, nangauli suzgo la ndyali na la vya cuma nalo likapangiska kuti ŵadokotala na ŵanthu awo ŵakumanya vya munkhwala ŵafumeko mu vyaru vinyake. Mu Ogasiti 2008, ku Zimbabwe kukaŵa nthenda ya kolera. Kuzakafika mu Disembala 2008, ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 10,000 ŵakaŵa kuti ŵakoleka na nthenda iyi mu vigaŵa vyose vya Zimbabwe kupaturako cimoza. Pa Disembala 4, 2008, boma la Zimbabwe likati nthenda iyi njakofya chomene pa charu chose ndipo likapempha wovwiri ku vyaru vinyake. Pa Malichi 9, 2009, wupu wa vyaumoyo pa caru cose ukati ŵanthu 4,011 ŵali kufwa na nthenda iyi kufuma apo yikambira. Ku Harare, ŵalara ŵa tawuni ŵakapeleka malaro ku ŵanthu awo ŵakakoleka na kolera.
Vyakuphika
Mu vyakurya vya ku Zimbabwe muli mpunga, makaroni, na mbatata. Chakurya icho ŵanthu ŵakutemwa chomene mu chigaŵa ichi ni mpunga uwo ŵakuphika na batala wa mapayipi. Para munthu wakuphika mbuto iyi wakuŵa na mphangwe, mbuto yakuchemeka nzungu, mbuto yakuchemeka ng'ombe yakubiliŵira, mbuto yakuchemeka nyemba, na mbuto yakuchemeka nyimo. Mutakura nayo wangaŵa viŵiya ivyo vili pachanya apa.
Maseŵera
Ŵaseŵero ŵa mpira wa rugby ku Zimbabwe awo ŵakuseŵera ku vyaru vinyake ni Masimbaashe Motongo na Judah Mazive. Ŵasepuka ŵakale bakusazgapo sono CEO wa SANZAAR Andy Marinos uyo wakawonekera ku South Africa pa Super League World Nines ndipo wakawonekeranga ku Sydney Bulldogs kweniso uyo wakababika ku Zimbabwe uyo wakababika ku Scotland Scott Gray, uyo wakachitako ku Brisbane Broncos.
Charu cha Zimbabwe chawina mu karate apo Samson Muripo wa ku Zimbabwe wakaba chiphalizgano cha Kyokushin world champion ku Osaka, Japan mu 2009. Muripo ni nkhwantha ya Kyokushi Karate pa charu chose ndipo wakaŵa munthu wakuda wakwamba wa ku Africa kuŵa nkhwantha ya Kyokushin Karate pa charu chose.
Engolasters
Engolasters ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Escaldes-Engordany mu charu cha Andorra mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Welgegund Village, Limpopo
Welgegund Village, Limpopo ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Waterberg District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Limpopo, charu cha South Africa.
Rapotokwane, Limpopo
Rapotokwane, Limpopo ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Waterberg District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Limpopo, charu cha South Africa.
El Fener
El Fener ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Escaldes-Engordany mu charu cha Andorra mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Mbirira, Kasulu
Malo
Mbiria wali pafupi na msumba wa Kajana na Shunga.
Mogalakwena, Limpopo
Mogalakwena, Limpopo ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Waterberg District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Limpopo, charu cha South Africa.
Sterkwater, Limpopo
Sterkwater, Limpopo ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Waterberg District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Limpopo, charu cha South Africa.
Chatsworth, KwaZulu Natal
Chatsworth, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba wakusangika mu boma likulu la EThekwini Metropolitan Municipality mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, mu charu cha South Africa.
Ncotshane, KwaZulu Natal
Ncotshane, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Zululand District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Louwsburg, KwaZulu Natal
Louwsburg, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Zululand District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
ISBN
Registrant element
Wupu wa International ISBN Agency ndiwo ukulemba mazina gha ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 1 miliyoni awo ŵali na mazina agha. Mungapenja pa Intaneti.
ISBN check digit calculation
In general, the ISBN check digit is calculated as follows.
Then
Blankenberge
Blankenberge ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha West Flanders mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Pivaanspoort, KwaZulu Natal
Pivaanspoort, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Zululand District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Gistel
Gistel ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha West Flanders mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Waayhoek, KwaZulu Natal
Waayhoek, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UThukela District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Okhahlamba, KwaZulu Natal
Okhahlamba, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UThukela District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Chad
Chadi wali na vigaŵa vinandi: kumpoto kuli mapopa, pakati pa chigaŵa ichi pali Sahelian belt, ndipo kumwera kuli savana ya ku Sudan. Nyanja ya Chad, iyo ni zina la caru ici, ndiyo ni malo ghaciŵiri ghakuru comene mu Africa. Viyowoyero vya boma mu Chad ni Chiarabic na Chifurenchi. Mu charu ichi muli ŵanthu ŵa mafuko na viyowoyero vyakujumpha 200. Chisopa cha Chisilamu (55.1%) na Chikhristu (41.1%) ndicho ntchikuru chomene mu Chad.
French colonial period (1900–1960)
Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Caru Cose yikati yamara, caru ca France cikapeleka wanangwa ku ŵanthu ŵa mu caru ici wa kusankha ŵimiliri mu Nyumba ya Malango ya caru ici. Chipani chikuru chomene cha ndyali chikaŵa cha Chadian Progressive Party (French), icho chikaŵa kumwera kwa charu ichi. Tchad yikapokera wanangwa wake pa 11 Ogasiti 1960 ndipo mulongozgi wa PPT, François Tombalbaye, wa fuko la Sara, ndiyo wakaŵa pulezidenti wakwamba.
Telecommunications
Chadi wali pa malo ghaumaliro pa ndondomeko ya World Economic Forum yakuwona umo maofesi gha pa Intaneti ghakugwilira ntchito. Chad yikaŵa pa nambara 148 pa nambara 148 pa nambara ya NRI ya 2014. Mu Seputembala 2010, chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu awo ŵakugwiliskira ntchito mafoni chikaŵa 24.3% pa ŵanthu 10.7 miliyoni.
Goodhome, KwaZulu Natal
Goodhome, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UThukela District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Libya
Zina
Zina la mazuŵa ghano lakuti "Libya" lili kufuma ku lizgu lakuti "Libu" panji "Libúē" (kufuma ku lizgu Lachigiriki lakuti Λιβύη, Libyē), ilo likung'anamura ŵanthu ŵa ku Cyrenaica na Marmarica. Zina lakuti "Libúē" panji "libu" likwenera kuti likamba kugwiliskirika ntchito mu nyengo yakale kuti ŵanthu ŵa mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto kwa Africa ŵamanyikwe. Mu 1934, zina la Italy lakuti Libya likang'anamulika kufuma ku lizgu Lachigiriki lakuti Λιβύη (Libúē). Chilato chake chikaŵa chakuti chiŵe chigaŵa cha mphepete mwa nyanja cha ku Libya, icho chikaŵa pasi pa Ufumu wa Ottoman kufuma mu 1551 m'paka 1911. Zina lakuti "Libya" likambaso kuzunulika mu 1903 na Federico Minutilli.
Libya wa chiyamwaka
Ŵaroma ŵakati ŵathereska msumba wa Carthage, ŵakathereska Tripolitania (chigaŵa icho chikazingilizga Tripoli) yayi, kweni ŵakachileka pasi pa mathemba gha Numidia. Ptolemy Apion, muwusi waumaliro wa Ŵagiriki, wakapeleka Cyrenaica ku Romu, uyo wakawunjika chigaŵa ichi mu 74 B.C.E. ndipo wakachiŵika ku Krete kuŵa chigaŵa cha Ŵaroma. Pakuŵa cigaŵa ca cigaŵa ca Africa Nova, Tripolitania yikaŵa na vinthu vinandi, ndipo yikafika pa nyengo yiwemi comene mu vilimika vya m'ma 200 na 300 C.E., apo msumba wa Leptis Magna, uko kukaŵa ufumu wa Severan, ukaŵa paheni comene.
Chisilamu ku Libya
Mu muwuso wa Ibn Ziri, muwuso wa Berber Zirid ukapatuka ku muwuso wa Shiite Fatimids, ndipo ukazomera kuti Sunni Abbasids wa ku Baghdad ndiwo ŵakaŵa Caliphs. Pakuwezgera, Ŵafatemidi ŵakafumiska ŵanthu ŵanandi mu mafuko ghaŵiri gha Qaisi, Banu Sulaym na Banu Hilal mu North Africa. Cinthu ici cikasintha comene malo gha ku Libya, ndipo cikakhozga mitheto ya ŵanthu ŵa mu cigaŵa ici.
Kujiyimira, Ufumu na Libya pasi pa Gaddafi
Pa Disembala 24, 1951, charu cha Libya chikapharazga wanangwa wake nga ni United Kingdom of Libya. Cifukwa cakuti mu 1959 ŵakasanga mafuta ghanandi, na ndalama izo ŵakasanganga cifukwa ca kuguliska mafuta agha, caru ico nchinyake mwa vyaru vikavu comene pa caru cikaŵa cakukondwa comene. Nangauli mafuta ghakawovwira kuti boma la Libya liŵe na ndalama zinandi, kweni ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakamba kukwiya cifukwa cakuti usambazi wa caru ukaŵa mu mawoko gha fumu Idris. Pa 1 Seputembala, 1969, gulu la ŵasilikari ŵakugaluka awo ŵakalongozgekanga na Muammar Gaddafi, ŵakagalukira fumu Idris. Gaddafi wakacemekanga kuti "Mudangiliri wa Ŵabali na Mulongozgi wa Nkhondo" mu mauthenga gha boma ndiposo mu manyuzipepara gha ku Libya. Mu Okutobala 1970, vinthu vyose vya ku Italy vikaŵa vyakukanizgika ndipo ŵanthu 12,000 ŵa ku Italy ŵakachimbizgika mu Libya pamoza na Ŵayuda ŵa ku Libya. Zuŵa ili likamba kuchemeka kuti "Zuŵa la Kuwezgera". Vinthu vikamba kwenda makora mu charu cha Libya, ndipo ŵanthu ŵakamba kukanizgika kuyowoya vya ndyali. Makomiti gha Gaddafi ghakaŵa na mazaza ghakulongozga ŵanthu.
Nkhondo Yakwamba ya ku Libya
Nkhondo yakwamba yikacitika mu nyengo ya Cigaŵa ca Arab Spring ico cikapangiska kuti ŵawusi ŵa Tunisia na Eguputo ŵathereskeke. Pa 15 February 2011, ŵanthu ŵakamba kususka muwuso wa Gaddafi. Boma la Libya ilo likulongozgeka na Muammar Gaddafi likalimbana comene kuluska maboma gha ku Egypt na Tunisia. Nangauli kuwuskapo maboma gha ku Egypt na Tunisia kukacitika mwaluŵiro, kweni kampeni ya Gaddafi yikatimbanizga comene kuwukira ku Libya. Chipharazgo chakwamba cha boma la mpikisano chikawoneka pa intaneti ndipo chikati wupu wa Interim Transitional National Council ni boma linyake. Yumoza wa ŵapharazgi ŵa Gaddafi wakazgora na kutuma tweet, umo wakaleka nchito, na kuphalira Gaddafi kuti wacimbire. Pa Febuluwale 20, vivulupi vikafika mu Tripoli. Pa February 27, 2011, wupu wa National Transitional Council ukapangika kuti wendeskenge vigaŵa vya Libya ivyo vikulongozgeka na ŵakugaluka. Pa Malichi 10, 2011, United States na vyaru vinyake vinandi vikazomera kuti wupu uwo ukulongozgeka na Mahmoud Jibril ndiwo ni nduna yikuru yakuchitapo kanthu na mwimiliri wa ŵanthu ŵa ku Libya.
Pa Malichi 17, 2011, wupu wa UN Security Council ukazomerezga fundo ya 1973 na mavoti 10 na mavoti 10 ndipo ŵanthu 5 ŵakajipatura, kusazgapo Russia, China, India, Brazil na Germany. Fundo iyi yikati ŵanthu wose mu Libya ŵakwenera kuvikilirika. Pa 19 March, ŵabwezi ŵa NATO ŵakamba kuparanya malo gha ku Libya apo ndege za ŵasilikari ŵa ku France zikanjira mu malo gha ku Libya.
Makhalilo gha charu
Libiya likaŵa lumoza mwa vyaru vya kumpoto kwa Africa ivyo vikaŵa pakwamba kuvikilira vyamoyo ivi. Muwuso wa Muammar Gaddafi ukati waleka kuwusa, ŵanthu ŵakamba kutolera vigeŵenga. Kweni kwambira mu 2011, ŵanthu ŵakuŵacitira nkhaza na vilwero vya nkhondo na magalimoto ghaphya. Mu magalimoto agha, munthu wangasanga mitu ya mphumphi yakujumpha 200 iyo yikukomeka na ŵasilikari. Kweniso tikuwona kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuŵawukira, kweni ŵakukolerana yayi na mafuko agho ghakulondezga mitheto yawo. Ŵakukoma cilicose ico ŵawona, nanga ni mu nyengo ya kubaba. Caka cilicose, viyuni vyakujumpha 500,000 vikukomeka mu nthowa iyi para ŵalongozgi ŵa mafuko ŵatora malo ghakuponerako. Vinyama vyose ivyo vikakhalanga mu malo agha vili kumara, ndipo vikulengeskeka para ni vyakurya panji kufwatulika para ni vyakurya yayi".
Ŵankhondo
Ŵasilikari ŵakukana kunjira mu wupu wakuvikilira ŵanthu. Ŵanandi mwa ŵasilikari aŵa ŵali na cilango, kweni ŵankhongono comene ŵakuteŵetera mu misumba yakupambanapambana ya ku Libya. Magulu agha ghakucemeka Libyan Shield, gulu la ŵasilikari awo ŵakugwira nchito mwakuyana na ivyo ŵapharazgi ŵa boma ŵakuyowoya.
Kugawikana kwa boma
• # Jufra
• # Kufra
Mwambo
Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Libya ŵakwenda pafupipafupi pa maji gha mu charu ichi ndipo ŵakuluta ku malo agho ŵanthu ŵakufukura vinthu vyakale ŵakuwona, chomenechomene ku Leptis Magna, uko ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuwona kuti ni malo gha Ŵaroma agho ghali kusungika makora chomene pa charu chose. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakwenda pa basi. Ku Libya kulije misewu ya njanji, kweni yikunozgeka kuzengeka sonosono apa.
Nthalika za ChiTumbuka
'''4. Takara! Wasepuka ni mawoko.'''
(Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakutangwanika na milimo yawo)
Copperbelt
Gulu la Katanga
Gulu likuru la Katanga lili pa malo ghambura kukwana 883 Ma Nchanga Granite. Gulu la Katangan lili kugaŵika vigaŵa vinayi, kufuma ku vigaŵa vyakale chomene vya Roan Group, malibwe gha mchenga, na ma shale, kufika ku gulu la Nguba ilo lili na carbonate na carbon-rich shales.
Cornfields, KwaZulu Natal
Cornfields, KwaZulu Natala ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UThukela District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Hollywoodbets
Mbiri
Hollywoodbets yikamba mu 1986 nga ni kampani ya ku South Africa yakuchemeka Winning Form iyo yikagwiranga ntchito ya kusindikiza na kugaŵira makadi gha mpikisano wa mahachi ku South Africa. Winning Form yikufumiska makadi gha masitima ghose gha ku South Africa.
Kupeleka vyawanangwa
Pa Mande, Okutobala 7, 2019, Hollywoodbets yikapharazgika kuti ndiyo yikwimira wanangwa wa zina la Kingsmead Cricket Ground mu chiphangano cha vyaka 5, icho chizamumara mu Ogasiti 2024.
Ŵamishonale
Mu Disembala 2021, Robert Marawa uyo wakwendeska nkhani za maseŵero gha pa wayilesi wakamanyikwa kuti ni thenga la Hollywoodbets.
Nivelles
Nivelles ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Walloon Brabant mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Kane Tanaka
Kane Tanaka (田中 カ子) Wakaŵa mwanakazi wa ku Japan uyo wakaŵa na vyaka vyakujumpha 100 ndipo wakafwa apo wakaŵa na vyaka 119 years, 137 days, wakaŵa munthu mulara comene pa caru cose cifukwa ca nyifwa ya Chiyo Miyako pa Julayi 22, 2018.. Ni munthu mucekuru comene wa ku Japan ndipo ni munthu waciŵiri mucekuru comene pa ŵanthu wose, pamanyuma pa Jeanne Calment.
Umoyo wa munthu
Kane wakaŵa mwana wakwamba mu nyengo ya Meiji, iyo yikamara apo wakaŵa na vyaka 9, mu 1912. Kane wakatora mubali wake Hideo Tanaka mu 1922, ndipo ŵakaŵa na ŵana ŵanalume ŵaŵiri na ŵanakazi ŵaŵiri. Kweniso ŵakatora mwana wa mukuru wa Hideo. Mwana wakwamba wa Kane wakafwa wati wababika waka, ndipo waciŵiri wakafwa apo wakaŵa na vilimika cimoza mu 1947, apo mwana wake wakulera wakafwa mu 1945 apo wakaŵa na vilimika 23 cifukwa ca nthenda yinyake. Ŵakagwiranga nchito mu sitoro iyo ŵakaguliskangamo vyakurya vya Shiruko na udon.
Ukaboni
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Charu chakale cha South Africa
Kwiza kwa zina
Pa Meyi 31, 1902, boma la South Africa, boma la Orange Free State, na boma la Britain ŵakasazgirapo phangano la Vereeniging, ndipo nkhondo yikamara. Pamanyuma pa kukhazikiska chalo cha South Africa mu 1910, Transvaal Colony yikazgoka chigaŵa cha Transvaal. Zina lakuti Transvaal likasinthika mu 1994, apo boma la South Africa ilo likalongozgekanga na African National Congress likapatulira chigaŵa ichi mu vigaŵa vinayi na kuchimanyaso kuti Gauteng.
Kupokelereka na Britain
Thomas F. Mulimo wake wakususkana na Ŵapedi awo ŵakalongozgekanga na Sekhukhune ukafika paheni chomene. Boma la Republic likaŵa pafupi kuparanyika, ndipo wakathereska msumba wa Sekhukhune chifukwa chakuti ŵasilikari ŵakasuskanga visambizgo vya Burgers. Ŵanthu ŵa mu msumba uwu ŵakatondeka kumazga suzgo la Ŵapedi, ntheura ŵakaleka ntchito na kufumamo mu caru. A. Wakutemweka wane. N. Pelzer wakalemba kuti: "Nangauli Sekhukhune wakapempha kuti paŵe mtende, kweni wakatondeka yayi.
Ŵa Boer ŵakathereska Ŵabritishi pa Laing's Nek na Ingogo, ndipo pa Febuluwale 27, 1881, pa Majuba, uko Jenerale Sir George Pomeroy Colley wakawa pa umanyi wa ŵasilikari ŵake. Nangauli ku malo ghanyake ŵa ku Britain mphanyi ŵakatuma ŵasilikari ŵanandi na kuthereska ŵakugaluka aŵa, kweni William Gladstone, uyo wakaŵa nduna yikuru, wakasankha kuti ŵaŵe pamtende. Kulemba phangano la mtende (Pretoria Convention) kukaŵa mu mawoko gha komiti yacifumu iyo yikaŵa na Sir Hercules Robinson, General Sir Evelyn Wood na Justice John de Villiers wa Cape Colony. Pa nyengo iyi, boma la Britain likamba kuchema chigaŵa ichi kuti Transvaal State, kweni ŵanthu ŵa ku South Africa ŵakawonanga kuti charu cha South Africa chili kukhazikiskikaso..
Nkhondo na Mapela na Makapaan, 1854
Pakaŵa mphindano zinandi pa nkhani ya ng'ombe izo Mapela wakawuskanga mu zina la Potgieter, ndipo kumasinda kwa nyengo iyi, Mulongozgi wa ŵasilikari Scholtz wakakora futi zinandi na vilwero, vinthu vyakunozgera futi na vinthu vinyake vya nkhondo kufuma ku nyumba ya mishonale wa ku England, Reverend Livingstone. Livingstone wakazomera kuti wakasunganga vilwero vya Secheli, ndipo ichi chikaŵa kuswa phangano la Sand River Convention, ilo likakanizganga kupeleka vilwero ku ŵanthu ŵa ku Secheli.:40
John Saka
Saka wakaŵa Vice Chancellor wa University of Malawi uyo wakadangira Professor Mkali Idruss Samson Sajidu.
Niger
Ŵanthu ŵa mu caru ici ŵali na mitheto yakupambanapambana iyo yikulongora umo ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yinyake na vigaŵa vinyake ŵakakhaliranga, kweniso umo ŵakakhaliranga mu caru cimoza. Kwamba kale, caru ca Niger cikupambana na vyaru vinyake. Kufuma apo caru ca Nigeria cikapokelera wanangwa wake, ŵanthu ŵa mu caru ici ŵakhalanga mu vigaŵa vinkhondi na viŵiri ivyo ŵasilikari ŵakalamuliranga. Mu 2010, ŵasilikari ŵakawukira boma, ndipo pa nyengo iyi mu Niger mukaŵa vipani vinandi. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakukhala ku mizi.
Brown Chimphamba
Ukaboni
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Niger
Prehistory
Ŵanthu ŵakalutilira kukura mu vigaŵa vyakupambanapambana pa nkhani ya ulimi na malaro. Chikhalidwe cha nyengo iyi ndi Chikhalidwe cha Bura (circa 200 - 1300 AD) chotchedwa Bura archeological site. komwe manda odzaza ndi zitsulo ndi ziboliboli za ceramic adapezeka. Mu nyengo ya Neolithic, ŵanthu ŵakamba kupanga vithuzithuzi vya mu malibwe ku Sahara. Vinthu ivi vikaŵa mu mapiri gha Aïr, Termit Massif, Djado Plateau, Iwelene, Arakao, Tamakon, Tzerzait, Iferouane, Mammanet na Dabous.
Kanem–Bornu Empire (700s–1700s)
Mu 1730/40, gulu la ŵanthu ŵa ku Kanuri likaluta kukakhala ku Kanem ndipo likambiska ufumu wa Damagaram, uwo ukaŵa ku Zinder. Ufumu uwu ukaŵa pasi pa ufumu wa Borno m'paka apo Sultan Tanimoune Dan Souleymane wakawusira mu vyaka vya m'ma 1800. Ŵasilikari ŵa ku Sokoto ŵakaŵawukira, ndipo ŵakaŵathereska mu 1899.
Fourth military regime (2009–2010)
Mu 2009, pulezidenti Tandja Mamadou wakanozga vyakuti wapange referendum kuti wawuskepo muwuso wake, kweni vipani vinyake vikakolerana navyo yayi. Pamanyuma Mamadou wakasintha na kukhazikiska dango liphya, ilo Khoti la Vyamalango likati ndambura kuzomerezgeka, ivyo vikapangiska kuti Mamadou wasankhepo Khoti ili na kupoka mazaza ghapadera. Ŵanthu ŵakususka ŵakakana kupulika fundo iyi, ndipo dango la chalo likapokeka na ŵanthu 92.5% ndipo ŵanthu 68% ŵakaluta ku mavoti, kuyana na ivyo vikawoneka. Ndondomeko iyi yikapangiska kuti paŵe muwuso wa chalo cha 6 na boma la pulezidenti, na boma la kanyengo ka vyaka vitatu la Tandja Mamadou. Vinthu ivi vikapangiska kuti mu caru muŵe vivulupi pa ndyali na pa umoyo wa ŵanthu.
Seventh Republic (2010–)
Pa 31 Malichi 2021, ŵasilikari ŵa Niger ŵakathereska chiŵembu cha ŵasilikari ku Niamey. Ŵanthu ŵakapulika kuphulika kwa futi mu nyumba ya pulezidenti. Cinthu ici cikacitika mazuŵa ghaŵiri pambere Mohamed Bazoum, uyo wakaŵa kuti wasankhika waka kuŵa pulezidenti wa caru ici, wandambe mulimo wake. Ŵasilikari ŵa boma ŵakakora ŵanthu ŵanyake. Pa 2 April, 2021, Bazoum wakalambikwa kuŵa pulezidenti wa Niger.
Biodiversity
Kumwera kwa caru ici kuli vigaŵa ivyo ni vyakupambanapambana. W National Park, iyo yili ku mphaka ya Burkina Faso na Benin, njimoza mwa "malo ghakuzirwa comene" ku vyamoyo vyamuthengere ku West Africa. Malo agha ghakucemeka WAP (W ⁇ Arli ⁇ Pendjari) Complex. Ku malo agha kuli nkharamu za ku West Africa, ndipo kuli nkharamu ya Northwest African cheetah.
Vinyake mwa vinthu ivi ni umo ŵalimi ŵakunanga vinthu chifukwa cha kukwera kwa unandi wa ŵanthu, kuska vyakurya mwambura kuzomerezgeka, moto wa mu nkhorongo mu vigaŵa vinyake, na umo ŵanthu ŵakunjilira mu malo agho ghakuphulika na maji gha mu Mlonga wa Niger kuti ŵalimenge mpunga. Vigeŵenga ivyo vili kuzengeka pa Mlonga wa Niger mu vyaru vya Mali na Guinea, kweniso mu Niger, ndivyo vyapangiska kuti maji gha mu Mlonga wa Niger ghaleke kwenda makora, ndipo ivi vikukhwaska comene malo agho tikukhala. Cinyake ico cikupangiska kuti viŵeto viluwenge ni "kuŵavya ŵantchito ŵakukwana" kuti ŵavikilire viŵeto mu malo ghakusungirako viŵeto.
Mulimi wakuŵawovwira kuti ŵaleke kusuzgika na mphepo kufuma waka mu 1983 kuti ŵapange vyakurya vinandi na makuni, kweniso kuti ŵaleke kusuzgika na mphepo.
Ŵanyake ŵakuti mapulaneti ghanyake gha pa charu chapasi
Mwezi wa Waltemath
E. Munthu munyake wa ku Canada, zina lake Stone Wiggins, wakayowoya kuti mwezi waciŵiri uwo wakawona mu 1882 ndiwo ukapangiska kuti mu 1907 kuŵe nyengo yakuzizima. Wakayowoyaso kuti "mwezi uwo ukaŵa na kawonekero kawemi" ukawoneka ku New Zealand, ndipo pamanyuma ku North America mu 1886, ndipo nyengo yiliyose ukawonekanga kwa maora ghachoko waka. Wakati uwu ukaŵa "mwezi wachiŵiri" uwo Waltemath wakawona mu 1898. Wiggins wakaghanaghana kuti mwezi wachiŵiri uwu ukaŵa na mphepo ya carbon, kweni nyengo zinyake ukawonekanga na ungweru wake.
Niger
Law enforcement
Boma la Niger ndilo likwendeska nkhani za malango. Ŵapolisi ŵa ku Spain ndiwo ŵakulaŵilira kuti malango gha m'mizinda ghakulondezgeka. Kuwaro kwa misumba yikuru na ku mizi, mulimo uwu ukupelekeka ku ŵasilikari ŵa boma na ŵasilikari ŵa boma.
Viyowoyero
Charu cha Niger chili na viyowoyero 10 ivyo vikuyowoyeka mu charu ichi. Viyowoyero ivi ni Chiarabu, Chibuduma, Chifulfulde, Chigurmanchéma, Chihausa, Chikanuri, Chizarma na Chi Songhay, Chi Tamasheq, Chi Tassawaq, Chi Tebu. Ciyowoyero cilicose cikayowoyekanga na ŵanthu ŵa fuko ilo cikakolerananga nalo. Viyowoyero viŵiri ivyo vikuyowoyeka comene ni Hausa na Zarma-Songhai, ndipo ni viyowoyero vyakwamba panji viŵiri ivyo vikuyowoyeka mu caru cose ici.
Media
Kuumaliro kwa m'ma 1990, ku Niger kukaŵa nkhani zinandi. Pambere boma la Third Republic lindaŵeko, ŵanthu ŵa ku Nigeria ŵakaŵa na mwaŵi wa kupulikizga waka nkhani za mu nyuzipepara izo zikaŵa mu mawoko gha boma. Sono mu Niamey muli manyuzipepara ghanandi na magazini; ghanyake, nga ni Le Sahel, ghakulembeka na boma, apo ghanyake ghakususka boma. Wayilesi ndiyo njakuzirwa comene, cifukwa ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakukhala ku mizi ŵalije ndalama zakugulira TV, ndipo cifukwa ca kuleka kuŵazga na kuŵazga, mabuku ghakulembeka ghakutondeka kuŵa cakupharazgira ŵanthu ŵanandi.
Nangauli mu caru cose muli wanangwa, kweni ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakulemba nkhani mu caru ici ŵakuyowoya kuti kanandi ŵakucicizgika na ŵalara ŵa boma. Boma likupeleka ndalama zakwendeskera makina gha ORTN ku boma, ndipo likupeleka ndalama izi kwizira mu ndalama izo boma likulipira pa ndalama za magesi, kweniso kwizira mu ndalama izo boma likupeleka. Bungwe la Conseil Supérieur de Communications ndilo likulongozga ntchito iyi. Bungwe ili likakhazikiskika kuuyambiro wa vyaka vya m'ma 1990, ndipo kufuma mu 2007, Daouda Diallo ndiyo wakulilongozga. Magulu gha wanangwa wa ŵanthu ghakususka boma kufuma mu chaka cha 1996 kuti likugwiliskira nchito malango na ŵapolisi kuti likhizge ŵanthu awo ŵakususka boma.
Ceza, KwaZulu Natal
Chipatala cha Ceza
Chipatala cha Ceza wupu uwu ukazengeka mu 1910. Dokotala wakwamba wakiza mu 1938. Kuumaliro wa m'ma 1950, kukaŵa mabedi 135, sukulu ya ŵasilikari, na ŵadokotala ŵanandi. Pa chipatala ichi pakaŵa sukulu ya unesi iyo yikasambizganga ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yakupambanapambana. Chipatala cha Ceza chili na mabedi 160, kweniso mabedi 12 gha ŵakugona. Paliso maofesi ghankhondi na ghatatu na maofesi ghanyake 30 agho ghakwendakwenda. Palije chipatala icho chikupeleka wovwiri wa maora 24, kweni chipatala cha Ceza ndicho chikupeleka wovwiri uwu. Chipatala ichi chili na ŵanthu pafupifupi 40,353. Malo gha ku Ceza ghali na misewu yiheni chomene. Kweniso kuli ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵambura nchito na ŵakavu.
Ufumu wa Chikulamayembe
Kusankha Themba
Ŵanthu ŵa ku Northern Ngoni ŵakazomera kuwusa kwa Britain mu 1904, ndipo Ŵatumbuka ŵakaleka kuŵa pasi pa Ŵangoni panji ŵakawelera ku malo agho ŵakachimbilirako. Ŵamishonale ŵa ku Europe ŵakasanga kuti Ŵatumbuka mbakunozgeka kusambira ku vyaru vya kumanjiliro gha dazi ndipo ŵakakondwa kuti ŵaŵe na mulongozgi wawo. Ivyo ŵanthu ŵa Chikulamayembe ŵakayowoyanga vikukolerana na ivyo Saulos Nyirenda wakalemba mu 1909, kweniso ivyo mishonale munyake wakang'anamura mu 1931. Ŵalara ŵa boma ŵakakolerana na nkhani iyi.
Woyendetsa ndege
Kugwiliskira nchito makina
Vinthu vikwenera kunozgekaso kuti katundu uyo wakwendeskeka na ndege waŵe wakuzirwa chomene, kweni ndege zambura ŵanthu zingaŵa na mphaka chifukwa cha nkharo ya ŵanthu.
Kuwelera ku ndege zambura ŵanthu kungacitika mwakucita cinthu cimoza panji mwakucita vinthu vinyake vyakusazgikira, nga nkhuchepeska ŵanthu awo ŵakwenda mu ndege pa maulendo ghatali panji kuzomerezga ndege za katundu za munthu yumoza. Viŵanda vyandyali vindasankhepo cakucita. Magulu agho ghalipo sono ghakukhala ghapekha yayi ndipo ghakwenera kulongozgeka. Chifukwa chakuti ndege ya Airbus A350 yikukhumbikwira kusintha pachoko waka, wupu wa Air Caraibes na French Bee Groupe Dubreuil ukukhumba kuti pa ndege izo zikwenda mtunda utali, paŵe ŵanthu ŵaŵiri.
Ndalama za banja lachifumu la Britain
Ndalama za Boma zachifumu
Ndalama za Ufumu zikupelekeka chaka chilichose kwa fumu ya ku Britain kufuma ku Treasury kuti yikovwire pa milimo yake. Pasono ndalama izo boma likupeleka ku nyumba zacifumu zikukolerana na ndalama izo boma likupeleka ku nyumba zacifumu.
Unandi wa chuma pa munthu yekha
Magazini ya Forbes yikati chuma cha Fumukazi iyi chikaŵa pafupifupi madola 500 miliyoni (pafupifupi mapaundi 325 miliyoni) mu 2011, apo kafukufuku wa Bloomberg Billionaires Index wakati chikaŵa madola 425 miliyoni (pafupifupi mapaundi 275 miliyoni) mu 2015.
Wupu wa vya wanangwa wa ŵanthu
Major Challenges CHRR faces
4.) Staff turnover due to competition between NGOs
Background on Malawi
Population: 13,603,181 (2007 est.)
Challenges Malawi is facing
(following information from CHRR )
CHRR Achievements
Citizens for Justice
Ath
Ath ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hainaut Province mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Beaumont, Belgium
Beaumont, Belgium ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hainaut Province mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Mphepo ya Frede
Malawi
Wupu wa EGENCO ukambaso kugwira ntchito pa malo ghakukhazikiskira magesi gha Nkula na Tedzani pa Malichi 14 apo maji ghakawelera ku malo ghakwenelera. Lazarus Chakwera wakapharazga kuti pa caru cose paŵenge ciliro ca masabata ghaŵiri cifukwa ca awo ŵakakomeka na Freddy. Boma likalayizga kuti lipelekenge ndalama zakukwana madola 1.5 miliyoni ku ŵanthu awo ŵakakhwaskika na suzgo ili. Pulezidenti wakawona ivyo vyacitika, ndipo wakati "ni viheni comene kuluska ivyo tawona". OCHA yikapeleka vinthu vyakukhumbikwa comene ku vigaŵa ivyo vikakhwaskika comene. Mu mabuku agha mukaŵa vinthu vya munkhwala, vyakuvwara vyakovwira para munthu wali mu suzgo, kweniso maboti ghakupeleka chakurya ku ŵanthu awo ŵali mu maji gha chigumula. Ku Nsanje, ŵakazenga misasa 24 kuti pakhalenge mbumba 4,502, ndipo ku Chikwawa kukaŵa misasa 21 ya nyumba 8,837.
Vyakumanyaso
Freddy wali na nambara ya chimphepo chikuru icho chikakwera kwa nyengo yitali chomene pa charu chose, ndipo wakaluska chimphepo cha Hurricane John mu 1994 Freddy wali na mbiri ya chimphepo chikuru chomene pa charu chose chapasi, icho chili na nkhongono ya 87.01, icho chikaponya mbiri yakale ya 85.26 iyo yikaŵapo chifukwa cha chimphepo Ioke mu 2006. Freddy ndiyo wakaŵa cimphepo cakwamba ico cikakura comene. Freddy wakaŵa yumoza wa vimphepo vinayi ivyo vikajumpha kumwera kwa nyanja ya Indian Ocean kufuma kumafumiro gha dazi kuya kumanjiliro gha dazi.
Herve
Herve ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Liège mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Huy
Huy ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Liège mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Herstal
Herstal ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Liège mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Ian Michael
Ian Lockie Michael (1915-2014) wakaŵa nkhwantha ya ku Britain uyo wakaŵa Vice-Chancellor wa University of Malawi.
Ukaboni
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Seraing
Seraing ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Liège mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Hamont-Achel
Hamont-Achel ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Limburg mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Catherine Gotani Hara
Ntchito
Gotani Hara wakaŵa Mulara wa Mapulogiramu ku Dipatimenti ya vya Vya Vyaru ku UK, munthu wakwamba wa ku Malawi uyo wakalembeka ntchito iyi. Wakaŵa na udindo wa kunozga vyakurya vya ku Mozambique na Malawi.
Etta Banda
Eta Elizabeth Banda (wakababika mu chaka cha 1949) ni ndyali wakale wa Malawi uyo wakaŵa nduna ya vyalo vya ku mpoto kufuma mu 2009 mpaka 2011. Pambere wandambe ndyali, wakagwiranga nchito ya ku cipatala kweniso ya ku yunivesite.
Ndale
Banda wakasankhika ku National Assembly of Malawi pa 2009 general election, wakimilira Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) mu Nkhata Bay South constituency. Apo purezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika wakapangiska nduna yake yiphya mu Juni 2009, wakapika udindo wa Minisita wa vyalo vya kuwaro. Wakaŵa mwanakazi wacitatu kuŵa na udindo uwu, pamanyuma pa Lilian Patel na Joyce Banda. Mu April 2011, Banda wakachimbizga Fergus Cochrane-Dyet, High Commissioner wa United Kingdom ku Malawi, kufuma mu chalo ichi, pamanyuma pakuti telegram ya ku chalo ichi yikathandazgika umo wakasuskira President wa Mutharika. Iyo wakazomera kuti waleke uteŵeti wake m'malo mwa kuwona kuti pulezidenti wake wakuyuzgika kwambura kulangika. Kweni mu Ogasiti 2011, Pulezidenti wa Mutharika wakasankha kufumiska nduna zake zose. Apo ŵakaŵikangaso pa mwezi wakulondezgapo pa Seputembala 7, 2011, Banda wakafumiskikapo. Kuyambira mu Disembala 2012 Banda wakhala kunja ku UK komwe ali ndi udindo wapamwamba ndi bungwe lachifundo.
David Kimble
Umoyo wake
Kimble wakababikira mu tawuni ya Horam, ku Sussex. Wakasambira pa sukulu ya Eastbourne Grammar School na pa University ya Reading uko wakasambira vya masambiro gha mazuŵa ghano.
Ntchito
Mu 1971, wakasankhika kuŵa pulofesa wa vya boma na ndyali pa yunivesite ya Botswana, Lesotho, na Swaziland.
Nyumba yakusungilamo vyakale yaku Chichiri
Vyakuona
Mu nyumba iyi muli vinthu vinandi ivyo ŵanthu ŵakugwiliskira ntchito pa nyengo ya chihanya. Kweniso kuwaro kwa nyumba iyi kuli kanyumba ka Ŵa-ndiwula ako kali nga ni nyumba ya Ŵachiwa. Wakazengeka mu 1966 mwakuyana na ulongozgi wa Pulezidenti Kamuzu Banda. Mu nyumba iyi mukuŵaso cinthu cinyake cakucemeka Machinga Meteorite, ico pa nyengo iyo cikawa, ŵanthu ŵakaghanaghananga kuti ni bombu la Mozambique. Nyenyezi iyi yikaŵa na uzito wa makilogiramu 93.2 ndipo mu 1984 yikaŵa chondrite ya L6c. Mu 1990, ŵati ŵasandaso, ŵakamanya kuti ni L6d.
Gulu la Nkhondo la Malaŵi
Wankhondo wa Malawi
Malaŵi wakakolerana na Portugal pa nyengo ya Nkhondo ya Malaŵi (1964-1974), ndipo Malawi Army yikakolerana na Portugal Army pakusunga mphaka ya Malaŵi na Mozambique na kukora ŵakugaluka ŵa FRELIMO. FRELIMO yikati yatonda ndipo Mozambique yikati yapokera wanangwa, ŵapolisi ŵa ku Portugal na ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakafumako ku gulu la FRELIMO ŵakanjira usilikari wa Malawi.
Kusintha kwa demokalase
Pano pa MDF Museum, Zomba, gulu la nkhondo la Malawi lili na magalimoto 20 gha Fox agho ghachali kugwira ntchito, kuyana na IISS mu 2020-01.
Gulu la Force Intervention Brigade la United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo likapika mazaza na wupu wa United Nations Security Council pa 28 March 2013 kwizira mu resolution 2098. Ŵasilikari ŵakwamba 2,550 ŵakafuma ku Malawi, ku Tanzania People's Defence Force, na ku South Africa National Defence Force.
David Rubadiri
James David Rubadiri lukin Hendricks (19 July 1930 - 15 September 2018) wakaŵa waku Malaŵi, nkhwantha ya vyaru vya Malaŵi, nkhwantha ya masamu, nkhwantha yakulemba mabuku. Rubadiri wakuwoneka kuti ni yumoza wa ŵanthu ŵakumanyikwa chomene mu Africa.
Altamura
Altamura ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Apulia, mu charu cha Italy mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Goodall Gondwe
Umoyo na masambiro
Gondwe wakababika pa 1 Disembala 1936 ndipo wakafuma ku muzi wa Kayiwonanga, Mzimba ku Northern Region ya Malawi. Wakakhalanga na kugwira nchito ku Ivory Coast na ku Virginia, United States. Wakasambira masambiro ghapachanya pa Yunivesite ya London, ndipo wakamalizga masambiro agha na digiri ya B.Sc. mu vya cuma. Wakati wamalizga masambiro ghake, wakapika maudindo ghanandi ku mabungwe gha vya ndalama gha chalo na vyaru vyakupambanapambana, kusazgapo: General Manager wa Reserve Bank of Malawi; Senior Vice President and Acting President of the African Development Bank; Senior Advisor, Director for Africa and Special Advisor to the managing director of the International Monetary Fund; and Chief Economic Advisor to President Bakili Muluzi.
Paladin Energy
Gondwe wakawovwira chomene pakudumbiskana na kampani yaku Australia yakuzenga uranium Paladin Energy, iyo yikaŵa yakwamba ku Malawi. Gondwe wakati kupenja uranium kukovwira kuti vyakurya vya mu caru ici vifumenge mu vyaru vinyake. Vikawonekanga kuti ndalama izo ŵanthu ŵakasanganga chifukwa cha kupanga uranium zikuluska izo ŵanthu ŵakasanganga chifukwa cha hona. Pa nyengo iyi, Henry Chimunthu Banda ndiyo wakaŵa nduna ya vya magesi na migodi. Ntchito ya uranium yikayowoyaso kuti Kayelekera uyo wali ku chigaŵa chakumpoto wazgokenge tawuni yiwemi. Ŵanthu 800 ŵakeneranga kusanga nchito pa nyengo ya kuzenga na 280 pa nyengo ya kugwiriska nchito. Ndipouli, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakususka ntchito iyi na Paladin Energy chifukwa cha masuzgo gha ŵantchito, umoyo wa ŵanthu, na malo agho ŵakukhala.
Ukaboni
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Houffalize
Houffalize ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Luxembourg mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Naples
Naples ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Campania, mu charu cha Italy mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Philippeville
Philippeville ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Namur mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Amoeba Kumwenda
Wonaniso
Thupo
Castellammare di Stabia
Castellammare di Stabia ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Campania, mu charu cha Italy mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Yunivesite ya Lilongwe ya ulimi na vinthu vyachilengiwa
Mbili
LUANAR yikapangika kwizira mu Dango la Nyumba ya Malamulo Nambara 22 la 2011 ndipo yikamba kugwira ntchito pa 1 Julayi 2012, ndipo Bunda Campus ndiyo yikaŵa sukulu yakwamba m'paka apo NRC yikakanjira mu LUANAR mu Disembala 2014.
Agricultural and Applied Economics Department
Dipatimenti iyi yikukhumba kukhozga umanyi na maluso mu vyalo vya ulimi na vyaumoyo kwizira mu masambiro, kafukufuku, ma consultancy na ma outreach kuti yikovwire kuchepeska ukavu mwa kukhozga umanyi mu ulimi na kukwezga ndalama za ŵalimi ŵanandi mu Malawi. Dipatimenti iyi yikukhumba kuti yiŵe malo ghakugwilira nchito pa kusambizga, kupenjerezga, na kupempha ulongozgi pa nkhani ya vyakurya na vyamalonda mu Malawi na kunyake. Dipatimenti iyi yikuperekaso masambiro gha:
The Department of Forestry
Pakwamba Dipatimenti ya Vyakumera yikaŵa mu Dipatimenti ya Vyakumera na Vyakumera. Chilato cha Dipatimenti ya Vyakumera nchakuti LUANAR yiŵe malo ghakugwilira nchito pa kusambizga, kupenjerezga, kusazgirako na kupempha wovwiri mu vyakumera mu Malawi na pa caru cose. Ndimo viliri na dipatimenti ya vya chilengiwa.
The Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Science
Dipatimenti ya Sayansi ya Vyakumera na Somba (AQFD) ku Bunda College yikambira pa sukulu yimoza ya Sayansi ya Vyakumera na Vyakumera iyo yikaŵa mu Dipatimenti ya Sayansi ya Vinyama kufuma mu 1974 m'paka 1993. Cifukwa ca kukhumba kovwira ŵanthu ŵa mu cigaŵa ca SADC kuti ŵaŵe na maluso pa nkhani ya kulima viŵeto, mu 1991 pakalembeka ndondomeko ya masambiro gha kulima viŵeto. Masambiro ghakwamba ghakaŵako mu 1994/95. Mu chaka chenechichi, ŵana ŵa sukulu ŵakufuma mu vyaru vinyake vya mu SADC ŵakamba kusambira mu koleji iyi. Ŵasambiri ŵanyake ŵa ku chigaŵa ichi awo ŵakasambiranga masambiro gha masisitere pa nkhani ya vyamoyo ŵakasankha kuti ŵachitenge kafukufuku pa nkhani ya vyakumera.
Faculty of Postgraduate Studies
Likupeleka masambiro gha ku yunivesite, masisitere na madokotala.
Oudenaarde
Oudenaarde ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha East Flanders mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Nduna zakale za Malaŵi
Boma pa 19 August 2011
Pa 19 Ogasiti 2011, Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika wakachimbizga nduna yake ya ŵanthu 42 na kupoka maudindo ghose mpaka apo wazamupharazgira. Wachiwiri kwa purezidenti Joyce Banda mwalamulo adakhalabe wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wa dzikolo, ngakhale adachotsedwa ku Democratic Progressive Party yolamulira mu Disembala 2010 (Onani nduna ya DPP Party).
Makhoti ghamu Malaŵi
Makhoti ghanandi ghakale ghakazgoka makhoti gha ŵeruzgi, ndipo ghakaŵanga na wanangwa wakulondezga malango gha cikaya. Dango la Malawi la 1994 likati malango gha cikaya ni cigaŵa ca malango ndipo likati makhoti gha cikaya ghaŵe na mazaza ghachoko pa milandu ya wanangwa wa ŵanthu na ya milandu yichoko waka, kweni pakaŵavya malango agho ghakakhazikiska makhoti agha mpaka mu 2011. Mu Febuluwale 2011, Nyumba ya Malamulo ya ku Malawi yikazomerezga dango lakuti makhoti ghakulondezga malango gha ku malo agha ghaŵeso na milandu yinandi ya ŵanthu na milandu yinyake yichoko waka. Pa Meyi 2017, malango agha ghakaŵa kuti ghandambe kugwira ntchito chifukwa cha suzgo la ndalama.
Mbiri ya malango gha kakhaliro
Kwambira mu 1902, dango la Chingelezi ndilo likaŵa dango lakwamba mu charu cha Nyasaland. Dango la cikaya likazomerezgekanga (kweni likaŵa lakukhumbikwa yayi) mu milandu iyo yikaŵa na ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa, usange dango panji kaluso aka kakususkana yayi na malango gha ku England. Ŵanthu ŵakatenge nkharo iyi njakukwiyiska pa vigaŵa vitatu. Pakuti dango la cikaya likaŵa lakukanizgika mu vigaŵa ivi, ŵalongozgi awo ŵakalondezganga dango ili ŵakaŵa na mazaza ghanandi yayi. Kwambira kuumaliro wa vyaka vya m'ma 1800, boma ili likagaŵika mu vigaŵa, ndipo mu chigaŵa chilichose mukaŵa Mulara wa Ndalama (uyo pamasinda wakachemekanga District Commissioner). Pakwamba, mazaza gha ŵalongozgi ghakaŵa ghacoko comene mwakuti Ŵakusonkha ndiwo ŵakawusanga. Ŵalongozgi awo ŵakakhalanga mu vigaŵa ivi na ŵalongozgi awo ŵakaŵa na mazaza ghachoko, ndiwo ŵakendeskanga vinthu pakati pa boma na ŵanthu. Mu 1933, boma likamba kulamulira ŵanthu mwakudunjika yayi, ndipo ŵalongozgi na makhoti ghawo ghakazgoka maboma gha ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha. Ndipouli, makhoti agho ghakaŵako mu 1933, ghakaŵa ghakumanyikwa kuti ghakulondezga malango gha cikaya, comenecomene pa nkhani za nthengwa, kuhara, na za wanangwa wa kugwiliskira nchito malo. Makhoti agha ghakaŵa ghapusu na ghamabuchi, ndipo dango la mu 1933 likakanizga ŵanthu awo ŵakweruzgika kuti ŵaleke kwendera malango.
Umo vinthu viliri kufuma mu 2012
Nangauli Nyumba ya Malamulo yikapeleka dango ili mu mwezi wa Febuluwale mu 2011, kweni pakususkana chomene, pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika wakazomerezga kuti dango ili lipelekeke ku Malawi Law Commission, ilo likaŵa kuti lindamalizge kughanaghanirapo apo pulezidenti wakafwira mu Epulero 2012. Purezidenti watsopano Joyce Banda adatsimikizira kuti kuwunikaku kuyenera kupitilirabe koma chisankho cha Purezidenti mu Meyi 2014 cha Peter Mutharika, mchimwene wake wa Bingu wa Mutharika komanso mawu ochokera ku Law Commission akuti palibe cholakwika chilichonse ndi Lamulo la 2011 chidatsiriza kuwunikaku. Ndipouli, nangauli boma la Malaŵi likuwona kuti ntchakukhumbikwa kupeleka ndondomeko ya urunji ku ŵanthu ŵakavu ŵa ku mizi, kweni lilije ndalama zakukwana zakwendeskera ndondomeko iyi.
Avellino
Avellino ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Campania, mu charu cha Italy mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Ŵanthu mu Malaŵi
Vinthu vinyake vyakukhwaskana na ŵanthu
Chiwerengero cha anthu malinga ndi World Population Review mu 2019.
Isabel Apawo Phiri
Ntchito
Mu Ogasiti 2012, Phiri wakasankhika kuŵa mulembi mulara wa Wupu Wakulongozga pa Nkhani ya Kupharazga na Kupharazga. Ntchito yake yikulaŵiska pa nkhani za kusankhana mitundu, kugonana, kusintha kwa nyengo na urunji. Mu 2017, wakalongosora "Fez Plan of Action" (Fez Plan of Action for Religious Leaders and Actors to Prevent Incitement to Violence that Could Lead to Atrocity Crimes) ku United Nations ku New York, wakati ŵanakazi ŵanandi ŵakukhumbikwa mu maudindo gha kulongozga mu tchalitchi kuti ŵaleke kuchita viheni munthazi.
Umoyo wa munthu
Phiri wakukhala ku Geneva, uko ni mulara mu mpingo wa Church of Scotland. Wakutengwa kwa Maxwell Agabu Phiri, pulofesa wa vya malonda. Ŵakalemba pamoza nkhani ya mu 2017 yakuchemeka kuti "HIV and AIDS, Gender Violence and Masculinities: A Case of South Africa" iyo yikalongosoranga umo ŵanthu ŵakutorana awo ŵakuluta ku tchalitchi ŵakugwilira ntchito. Ŵali na ŵana ŵatatu.
Ukaboni
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Aversa
Aversa ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Campania, mu charu cha Italy mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Fulata Moyo
Kulemba
Moyo wali kulemba mabuku ghakujumpha 29 mu viyowoyero vinkhondi. Ivyo wakalemba vikulongosora chomene vya chisopa na kakhaliro ka ŵanthu pa nkhani ya kugonana. Iyo wakuti malemba gha cisopa ghakwenera kulongosoreka mwakuyana na ivyo ŵanakazi ŵakukumana navyo.
Modena
Modena ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Emilia-Romagna, mu charu cha Italy mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Morocco
Kufuma apo charu cha Morocco chikapokera wanangwa wake, vinthu vikwenda makora yayi. Charu ichi chili na cuma cikuru cacinkhondi pa vyaru vyose vya mu Africa, ndipo cikuŵa na mazaza pa vyaru vya mu Africa na vyaru vya Ŵaarabu. Charu cha Morocco chili na boma lachifumu ilo ŵanthu ŵakulikhumba. Boma la Morocco likuwusika na fumu na nduna yikuru, ndipo nyumba ziŵiri za boma ndizo zili na mazaza ghakulongozga. Themba lili na mazaza ghakupambanapambana gha kuwusa na kwendeska malango, comenecomene pa nkhani za ŵasilikari, ndyali za caru cinyake, na za cisopa.
Zina
Zina la ku Morocco lakuti al-Mamlakah al-Maghribiyyah (المملكة المغربية) likung'anamulika kuti 'Ufumu wa Kumadzulo.'
M'mbiri yakale, chigaŵa ichi chikaŵa chigaŵa cha al-Maghrib al-Aqṣā [ar] (المغرب الأقصى, 'Chigaŵa chakutali chomene kumanjiliro gha dazi [kwa Chisilamu]' icho chikung'anamura chigaŵa chakufuma ku Tiaret m'paka ku Atlantic) mwakupambana na vigaŵa vya al-Maghrib al-Awsaṭ [ar] (المغرب الأوسط, 'Chigaŵa chapakati cha kumanjiliro gha dazi': Tripoli to Béjaïa) na al-Maghrib al-Adná [ar] (المغرب الأدنى, 'Chigaŵa chakufupi chomene kumanjiliro gha dazi': Alexandria to Tripoli). Charu cha Morocco chikumanyikwaso na mazina ghakupambanapambana agho ghakung'anamura chiharo cha Sharifi cha muwuso wa Alawi, nga ni al-Iyālah ash-Sharīfah (الإيالة الشريفة) panji al-Imbarāṭūriyyah ash-Sharīfah (الإمبراطورية الشريفة).
Maziko ndi nyengo yoyambirira ya Chisilamu
Ŵasilamu ŵakamba kuthereska vyaru vya Maghreb pakati pa vyaka vya m'ma 700 C.E., ndipo ufumu wa Umayyad ukaŵathereska kukwambilira kwa vyaka ivi. Likawovwira kuti chiyowoyero cha Chiarabic na Chisilamu vifike mu chigaŵa ichi. Nangauli Morocco wakaŵa chigaŵa cha ufumu ukuru wa Chisilamu, kweni pakwamba yikaŵa chigaŵa cha Ifriqiya, ndipo ŵakazembe awo ŵakimikikanga na Kairouan ŵakaŵa Ŵasilamu. Kwamba mu ma 700 C.E., ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Morocco ŵakasamukira ku vyaru vya Maghreb.
Nyengo yakwambilira
Mu nyengo ya muwuso wa Saadi, charu ichi chikamara muwuso wa Aviz ku Portugal pa Nkhondo ya Alcácer Quibir mu 1578. Ufumu wa Ahmad al-Mansur ukapangiska kuti ufumu wa Sultanate uŵe na usambazi unandi kweniso uchindami. Mu 1591, ufumu wa Songhay ukathereskeka chomene chifukwa cha ulendo ukuru wa ku Africa. Ndipouli, kukaŵa kwakusuzga comene kuti ŵateŵetere mu vigaŵa vyose vya mu Sahara. Al-Mansur wakati wafwa, caru cikagaŵika pakati pa ŵana ŵake.
Post-independence
Mu 1969, chigaŵa cha Ifni icho chikaŵa kumwera kwa Spain chikawezgeka kwa Morocco. Gulu la Polisario likapangika mu 1973, na cilato ca kuzenga boma lakujiyimira mu Sahara. Pa Novembala 6, 1975, Themba Hassan likapempha ŵanthu ŵakujipeleka kuti ŵambukire ku Sahara. Ŵanthu pafupifupi 350,000 ŵakaŵapo pa "Maseŵera Ghakutowa". Pakati pajumpha mwezi umoza, caru ca Spain cikazomera kufumamo mu caru ca Spanish Sahara, ico cikeneranga kuzgoka Western Sahara, na kucitolera ku caru ca Morocco na Mauritania, nangauli Algeria yikaŵasuska. Ŵasilikari ŵa ku Morocco ŵakanjira mu caru ici.
Ŵalaraŵalara ŵa boma la Algeria ŵakuti ciŵelengero ca ŵanthu ŵakucimbira kwawo ŵa ku Sahara ku Algeria nchakukwana 165,000. Mu 1988, boma la Algeria likambaso kukolerana na charu ichi. Mu 1991, wupu wa United Nations ukadumura vyakuti ŵanthu ŵaleke kuwukira caru ca Western Sahara, kweni malo agha ghacali pa ngozi. Mu vyaka 10 vyakulondezgapo, pakaŵa mphindano zinandi pa nkhani ya kufumiska ŵanthu ku malo agha, kweni ŵakaleka yayi.
Makhalilo gha charu
Charu cha Morocco chili kufuma ku nyanja ya Atlantic m'paka ku mapiri na ku mapopa gha Sahara. Charu cha Morocco chili kumpoto kwa Africa, chili mumphepete mwa nyanja ya North Atlantic na Mediterranean Sea, pakati pa Algeria na Western Sahara. Ni cimoza mwa vyaru vitatu (pamoza na Spain na France) ivyo vili na nyanja za Atlantic na Mediterranean.