cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Sierra Leone
Ethnic groups
Ŵanthu ŵa ku Sierra Leone ndiwo ŵakalongozganga chomene boma la Sierra Leone kweniso ŵanthu ŵa ku Freetown. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Creole ndiwo ŵakamba kusambizgika ku vyaru vya kumanjiliro gha dazi.
Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵa mitundu iyi ni Ŵakurankoko, awo ŵali na mbumba ya ku Mandingo ndipo ni Ŵasilamu. Ŵanthu aŵa ŵakamba kufika ku Sierra Leone kufuma ku Guinea mu 1600 ndipo ŵakakhazikika kumpoto, chomenechomene mu chigaŵa cha Koinadugu. Ŵakurankolo ni ŵalimi; ŵalongozgi pakati pawo ŵali na maudindo ghanandi mu ŵasilikari.
Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Kissi ŵakukhala mu chigaŵa cha kumwera kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Sierra Leone. Ŵakufuma ku chigaŵa cha Koindu na vigaŵa vya kunthazi kwa chigaŵa cha Kailahun. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu uwu mbanandi chomene. Ŵanthu ŵa mitundu ya Vai na Kru ŵakusangika chomene mu chigaŵa ichi.
Household
Nangauli mu Sierra Leone ŵanakazi ndiwo ŵali na ciŵelengero ca ŵanthu pafupifupi 50 pa ŵanthu 100, kweni 28 pera pa ŵanthu 100 ŵaliwose ndiwo ŵakulongozga mbumba. Nga umo viliri mu vyaru vinyake, masambiro ngakukhumbikwa comene kuti munthu waŵe na nchito yiwemi na nyumba. Mu vigaŵa vya mizi ndimo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakutondeka kusambira, ndipo ŵanalume pera ndiwo ŵali na masambiro ghapachanya.
Mu Sierra Leone, ŵanalume ndiwo ŵakuŵa mitu ya mbumba, ndipo ŵakuŵa ŵambura kutengwa nangauli nthengwa yawo yingasintha. Ndipouli, mbumba ya ŵanakazi yikusintha kuyana na umo nthengwa yawo yiliri. Mwanakazi wangaŵa mutu wa mbumba pekha usange waŵenge wambura kutengwa umoyo wake wose. Kweni para mwanakazi watora, wakuŵa na mazaza yayi pa nyumba. Ŵanakazi ndiwo ŵangaŵa mutu wa mbumba usange ŵafumu ŵawo ŵafwa panji ŵapatika.
Pa nkhani ya ntchito, ŵanthu ŵakukhazga kuti mbumba ndiyo yivikilirenge mbumba. Ndipouli, ŵanakazi ŵakusuzgika cifukwa ca kusankhana mitundu. Ŵanakazi ndiwo ŵakupokera malipiro ghanandi kuluska ŵanalume (15.2).
War
Ku Sierra Leone, ŵana awo ŵakakanizgika kurwa nkhondo ŵakusuzgika maghanoghano na maghanoghano. Ndipouli, uheni wa nkhondo na umo ŵangamazgira vikuthemba pa mtundu wa ŵana. Ŵanalume na ŵanakazi wose ŵakacitikanga nkhaza zinandi. Ŵanakazi awo ŵakacizgika comene, ŵakamba kusuzgika maghanoghano na kwenjerwa comene. Kweni ŵanalume ndiwo ŵakafipanga mtima comene na vinthu ivi. Ŵanalume nawo ŵakusuzgika chomene maghanoghano para munthu uyo wakuŵapwelelera wafwa.
Education
Nkhondo ya pawenenawene ya ku Sierra Leone yikapangiska kuti masukulu gha pulayimare 1,270 ghasakazgike, ndipo mu 2001, ŵana 67 pa ŵana 100 ŵaliwose awo ŵakaŵa ku sukulu ŵakaluta yayi ku sukulu. Kufuma waka pa nyengo iyi, vinthu vikwenda makora chomene, ndipo chiŵelengero cha ŵana ŵa sukulu ŵakwamba chikukwera kaŵiri kufuma mu 2001 m'paka mu 2005, kweniso sukulu zinandi zili kuzengekaso kufuma apo nkhondo yikamalira. Ŵana ŵa sukulu za pulayimale kanandi ŵakuŵa na vyaka vyapakati pa 6 na 12. Masukulu gha boma ghakupeleka masambiro ghapachanya kwambura kulipira.
Charu ichi chili na ma yunivesite ghatatu: Fourah Bay College, ilo likakhazikiskika mu 1827 (yunivesite yakale chomene ku West Africa), University of Makeni (iyo yikakhazikiskika mu Seputembala 2005 nga The Fatima Institute, yunivesite iyi yikapika udindo wa yunivesite mu Ogasiti 2009, ndipo yikatora zina la University of Makeni, panji UNIMAK), na Njala University, iyo yili mu chigaŵa cha Bo. Yunivesite ya Njala yikamba mu 1910 ndipo yikazgoka yunivesite mu 2005. Mu vigaŵa vinandi vya caru ici muli masukulu ghakusambizgira ŵasambizgi na masukulu gha cisopa.
Umoyo
Wupu wa CIA ukati ŵanthu ŵa ku Sierra Leone ŵakukhala vyaka 57,39.
Ŵanandi ŵakulwara nthenda ya HIV/AIDS pa charu chose, ndipo ŵali na nthenda ya 1.6%.
Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakukhala mu mizi iyo mulije ŵadokotala panji vipatala. Nangauli mu mizi yinyake ŵanthu ŵakupokera wovwiri wa munkhwala kwambura kulipiliska, kweni ŵadokotala ŵakupokera malipiro ghacoko comene ndipo nyengo zinyake ŵakulipiska ndalama.
Israyeli wakapeleka makina ghakovwira ŵanthu kuti ŵaleke kurya chomene.
Kuyana na lipoti la Overseas Development Institute, ndalama izo ŵanthu ŵakugwiliskira nchito pa umoyo ni 85.7% ya ndalama izo ŵanthu ŵakugwiliskira nchito pa umoyo.
Emergency medical response
Pakuti pakwamba pakaŵavya wupu wakupeleka wovwiri wa munkhwala, wupu wa First Responder Coalition of Sierra Leone (FRCSL) ukapangika mu Juni 2019 ku Makeni kuti uwovwire kuti pa charu chose paŵe maungano gha wovwiri wa munkhwala. Wose awo ŵakambiska wupu uwu ni Sierra Leone Red Cross Society (bungwe lakwamba), LFR International (uyo wakapangiska wupu uwu), University of Makeni, Agency for Rural Community Transformation, na Holy Spirit Hospital. Wupu uwu ukapangika pamoza na ungano waciŵiri na ciŵiri wa wupu wa vyaumoyo wa pa caru cose uwo ukati wovwiri wa munthazi ngwakuzirwa comene kuti ŵanthu wose ŵapone. Pakati pa Juni na Julayi 2019, FRCSL yikasambizga ŵanthu 1,000 ŵa ku Makeni kuti ŵaŵe ŵantchito ŵakwamba ndipo yikapeleka chiŵiya chakovwira chakwamba kwa waliyose uyo wakusambira.
Endemic and infectious diseases
Ku Sierra Leone kuli nthenda zinandi, nga ni yellow fever, cholera, Ebola, lassa fever, na meningitis. Ku Sierra Leone kuli nthenda ya yellow fever na maleriya.
Maternal and child health
Ku Sierra Leone ndiko kuli ŵana ŵanandi chomene pa charu. Pa ŵana 100 awo ŵakubabika ŵamoyo, mama yumoza wakufwa cifukwa ca masuzgo agho ghakuŵapo para wababika.
Pa kafukufuku uyo UNICEF yikachita mu 2012, ukaboni ukulongora kuti ŵanakazi 94 pa 100 ŵali mu Sierra Leone ŵakukomeka. Mu 2014, Sierra Leone yikaŵa pa nambara 11 pa vyaru ivyo vili na ŵana ŵanandi chomene ŵakufwa.
Cimoza mwa masuzgo agho ŵanakazi ŵa ku Sierra Leone ŵakukumana nagho para ŵababa kwa nyengo yitali ndiposo para ŵaleka kubaba. Kanandi ŵanakazi ŵakusuzgika cifukwa ca suzgo ili.
Chipatala cha ŵanakazi cha AWC-Aberdeen ku Freetown, ndicho chili pa chipatala chachiŵiri mu Sierra Leone, ndipo chaka chilichose chikubaba ŵana 3,000. Ŵanakazi awo ŵali na nthenda iyi ŵakuchita opareshoni kwaulere.
Wupu uwu ukupeleka wovwiri wa munkhwala wakovwira ŵanakazi na ŵana, ndipo ukuwovwirika na mawupu ghambura phindu nga ni Freedom from Fistula, The Aminata Maternal Foundation, na UNFPA.
Mental health
Ku Sierra Leone kulije wovwiri wa munkhwala wakovwira ŵalwari ŵa maghanoghano. Ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakulwara matenda agha ŵakuyezga kujichizga ŵekha na wovwiri wa ŵanthu awo ŵakuchizga ŵalwari. Mu nyengo ya Nkhondo ya pa Caru na Caru (1991-2002), ŵasilikari ŵanandi ŵakacitanga nkhaza ndipo ŵana ŵanandi ŵakacicizgika kurwa nkhondo. Ici cikaŵapweteka comene, ndipo ŵanthu pafupifupi 400,000 (mu 2009) ŵakaŵa na suzgo la maghanoghano. Ŵana ŵanandi awo kale ŵakaŵa ŵasilikari ŵamba kumwa minkhwala yakutimbanizga wongo kuti ŵaleke kukumbuka.
Potable water supply
Ku Sierra Leone, maji ghakukhala pachoko waka. Nangauli boma na mawupu ghanandi ghakupambanapambana ghayezgayezga kuti ŵanthu ŵafike ku malo agha, kweni vinthu vikwenda makora yayi kufuma apo nkhondo ya ku Sierra Leone yikamalira mu 2002. Ŵanthu ŵakugomezga kuti chizenga chiphya ku Orugu, icho China yikagwiliskira ntchito ndalama mu 2009, chizamovwira kuti maji ghaŵe ghanandi yayi.
Mu 2004, boma likapeleka ndondomeko ya maji gha ku malo gha ŵanthu awo ŵakukhala kuwaro kwa msumba wa Freetown.
2014 Ebola outbreak
Ebola yikulopwa comene mu Africa uko kuli masuzgo gha umoyo na vyachuma.
Polygamy
Mu 2019, ŵanakazi 30% na ŵanalume 14% ŵakaŵa mu vyaru vya ŵanthu ŵanandi mu Sierra Leone. "Ŵanakazi awo ŵali na muwoli yumoza panji ŵanandi ŵakakhalira waka kuchepa, kufuma pa 37% mu 2008 na 35% mu 2013 kufika pa 30% mu 2019".
Food and customs
Mpunga ndiwo ukalyanga chomene ku Sierra Leone ndipo ukwenera kurya pa nyengo ya chakurya chilichose.
Mu misewu ya matawuni na misumba ya ku Sierra Leone, mungaŵa vyakurya vyakupambanapambana nga ni mango ghaphya, malalanje, ananasi, mabango, ŵabango, ŵangozi, mbatata, manicure na chithuzi cha oseveni, matumba gha matumba gha popcorn panji mbatata, chingwa, mbolo, panji nyama yakotcha.
Poyo ni chakumwa chakutchuka cha ku Sierra Leone. Ni vinyo la phamuli lakutowa, ilo likunozgeka kupangika mwakupepuka, ndipo likusangika mu mabara mu matawuni na vikaya mu charu chose. Mabara gha Poyo ni malo agho ŵanthu ŵakudumbiskana mwakujumphizga vya ndyali, mpira, basketball, vyakusanguluska na nkhani zinyake.
Media
Mu Sierra Leone, nkhani zayamba na kupangika kwa makina ghakudindiskira ghaŵiri mu Africa kumayambiriro kwa m'ma 1900. Mu 1860s, charu ichi chikaŵa malo ghakusindikizgira nkhani ku Africa, ndipo ŵanthu ŵakwendakwenda kufuma mu vyaru vyose vya mu Africa.
Mu 1934, boma la Sierra Leone likamba kuteŵetera pa TV na TV. Mu April 2010, SLBS yikapambana na siteshoni ya United Nations peacekeeping radio station ku Sierra Leone kuti yipange Sierra Leone Broadcasting Corporation, iyo njakovwira chomene pa charu chose.
Ndondomeko ya boma ya Sierra Leone yikovwira kuti ŵanthu ŵayowoyenge makora na kusindikizga. Ŵanthu na ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakutemwa vya ndyali ŵakuwona nkhani zinyake kuŵa zakubendera.
Mu 1980, boma likapeleka dango lakuti manyuzipepara ghose ghalembeke na Wupu wa Vyaru vya Kupharazga na kulipira ndalama zinandi zakweruzgira.
Mu 2006, Pulezidenti Ahmad Tejan Kabbah wakajipeleka kusintha malango agho ghakwendeska nkhani na vyapa media kuti ŵafumiske ndondomeko ya wanangwa wa wanthu.
Mu Sierra Leone, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuŵazga yayi nkhani za manyuzipepara, chomenechomene za kuwaro kwa Freetown na misumba yinyake yikuru, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kuŵerenga na kulemba mu charu. Mu 2007 mu charu mukaŵa nyuzipepara 15 za zuŵa lililose, kweniso izo zikupharazgika sabata yiliyose.
Kunja kwa likulu Freetown na misumba yikuru yinyake, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakulaŵilira yayi TV, nangauli Bo, Kenema na Makeni ŵakugwiranga ntchito na ma relay ghawo gha ntchito yikuru ya SLBC. Mu Sierra Leone muli malo ghatatu gha pa caru gha pa caru ghakusungirako ma TV gha pa caru cose, limoza ni boma la SLBC ndipo ghanyake ghaŵiri ni malo gha pa caru ca Freetown, Star TV agho ghakusungilira mwenecho wa nyuzipepara ya Standard-Times na AYV - Africa Young Voices. Malo ghanandi gha pa caru capasi ghakusungiramo ma TV ghakusungilirako ndalama. Malo ghaŵiri gha pa caru cilicose gha pa caru (ABC na AIT) ghakasungikiranga nchito yayi. Mu 2007, GTV yikayambiska uteŵeti wa kulipira pa malo gha pa charu cose nga ni gulu la TV ya ku Africa yose.
Arts
Vinthu vya ku Sierra Leone vikusazga maluso gha ku Africa na gha ku Western.
Vyamasebero
Mpira wa mpira wa Association ndi masewera otchuka kwambiri ku Sierra Leone. Ana, achinyamata ndi achikulire amawoneka kawirikawiri kusewera mpira wamisewu ku Sierra Leone. Pali mipira ya mpira wa achinyamata ndi achinyamata yomwe imakonzedwa mdziko lonselo, ndipo pali masukulu osiyanasiyana oyambira ndi apakati omwe ali ndi magulu a mpira ku Sierra Leone konse.
Gulu la mpira wa Sierra Leone, ilo likucemeka kuti Leone Stars, likwimira charu mu vyakumenyana vya pa caru cose. Likasankha yayi kuti liŵe na malo gha kuzakawonelera nkhonya za caru vya caru cose vya Africa.
Ŵanandi mwa ŵasepuka ŵa Sierra Leone National Premier League ŵakamba kuseŵera ku Europe. Ŵasepuka ŵanandi ŵa Sierra Leone ŵakumanyikwa chomene mu charu chose cha Sierra Leone ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuŵamanya makora. Ŵasepa ŵanyake ŵa Sierra Leone mba Mohamed Kallon, Mohamed Bangura, Rodney Strasser, Kei Kamara, Ibrahim Teteh Bangura, Mustapha Dumbuya, Christian Caulker, Alhassan Bangura, Sheriff Suma, Osman Kakayaru, Mohamed Kamara, Umaru Bangura na Julius Woobay.
The Sierra Leone National Premier League ni ligi yikuru chomene ya mpira wa ku Sierra Leone ndipo yikulongozgeka na Sierra Leone Football Association. Makirabu 14 gha mu charu chose ghakumanyikwa kuti ni Sierra Leone Premier League. Makirabhu ghaŵiri ghakuru na ghakuchita makora chomene gha mpira ni East End Lions na Mighty Blackpool. East End Lion na MightyBlackpool ŵakulondezga chomene ndipo para ŵakuseŵera, sitediyamu ya mu Freetown yikuguliskika ndipo ŵanthu ŵa makirabu ghose ghaŵiri ŵakukumana pambere maseŵera ghachitike.
Ŵawukirano ŵanandi ŵa ku Sierra Leone, ŵana na ŵanthu ŵalara ŵakulondezga matchalitchi gha ku Europe, chomenechomene English Premier League, Italian Serie A, Spanish La Liga, German Bundesliga na French Ligue 1.
Gulu la cricket la Sierra Leone likuyimira Sierra Leone mu mpikisano wa cricket wa pa charu chose ndipo lili pakati pa ŵabwezi ŵaŵiri ku West Africa. Likawungana na International Cricket Council mu 2002.
Mu 2009, gulu la Sierra Leone Under-19 likaŵa lachiŵiri pa African Under-19 Championship ku Zambia, ndipo likaluta ku World Cup ya Under-19 pamoza na magulu ghanyake 9. Ndipouli, gulu ili likaŵa kuti lindakwaniske kusanga vhiza vya ku Canada kuti lizakaŵepo pa mpikisano uwu, uwo ukachitikira ku Toronto.
Sierra Leone ndiyo ni caru cacokwamba ca ku Africa kunjira mu International Floorball Federation.
Tourism
Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakutemwa kuluta ku Freetown, Sierra Leone. Nangauli nchito iyi yikakhwaskika comene pa nyengo ya Nkhondo ya Caru na Caru, kweni yasintha comene mu vilimika vyasonosono apa. Msumba uwu uli na vinandi vyakuti ukasangire ŵalendo. Pa chilumba cha Freetown pali maboma ghanandi. Mphepete mwa nyanja ya Lumley-Aberdeen yikwenda kufuma ku Cape Sierra Leone m'paka ku Lumley. Paliso malo ghanyake agho ŵanthu ŵakutemwa chomene nga ni Mlonga Nambara 2, Laka Beach, Tokeh Beach, Bureh Beach, na Mama Beach. Ku malo ghakuvikilirako viyuni gha Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary, uko kuli nkhorongo yikuru ya viyuni vya mu chigaŵa ichi, makilomita ghachoko waka kufuma pakati pa msumba wa Freetown, kuli viyuni vinandi vya viyuni ivi. Malo ghanyake agho ŵanthu ŵakutemwa kuluta ghakaŵa Freetown Cotton Tree, ilo lili ku Central Freetown, ndipo ni malo ghakuzirwa chomene pa charu chose ndipo ghakaŵa pakwamba apo msumba uwu ukapangikanga. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakutemwa kuluta ku malo gha Aberdenn-Lumley uko kuli umoyo wa usiku.
La Cellera de Ter
La Cellera de Ter ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Guatemala
Guatemala ntchalo icho chili pa chigawa cha pakati cha Amerika.
Großkrut
Großkrut ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
La Selva de Mar
La Selva de Mar ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Großmugl
Großmugl ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Engelhartstetten
Engelhartstetten ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
ChiBemba
ChiBemba, ChiBemba (Cibemba, Ichibemba, Icibemba na Chiwemba), ni chiyowoyero cha Bantu icho ŵanthu ŵa ku Bemba ŵakuyowoya chomene kumpoto kwa Zambia.
Kulemba na kupulika
Malembo agho ghakugwiliskirika nchito comene, agho pakwamba ghakalembeka na Edward Steere, ghakung'anamura mazgu. Malembo ghake na mazgu agho ghakuyowoya ghali pasi apa. Mazuŵa ghano, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakulemba "c" m'malo mwa "ch". Nga umo vikuŵira na viyowoyero vinyake vya ŵanthu ŵa ku Bantu, para ŵaŵikamo vilembo vinyake, mazgu gha vilembo ivi ghakusintha. Mwaciyelezgero, 'aa' wakusintha kuŵa 'a' utali, 'ae' na 'ai' ŵakusintha kuŵa 'e,' ndipo 'ao' na 'au' ŵakusintha kuŵa 'o' (mu vigaŵa vinyake, kanandi 'y' ŵakugwiliskira nchito kuti ŵapature mavowel ghanyake). 'N' ya mu mphuno yikuzgoka'm' pambere 'b' panji 'p' yindambe, ndipo yikuzunulika kuti ŋ pambere 'k' panji 'g'; pamanyuma pa 'n', 'l' yikuzgoka 'd'. Malango ghose agha ghakusangika mu mathebulu agho ghali pasi apa.
Nga umo vikuŵira na viyowoyero vinandi vya ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Bantu, chiyowoyero cha Bemba chili na mazgu ghaŵiri, kweni mazgu agha ghakovwira waka yayi pa ng'anamuro lake. Para mazgu ghakwamba ghasintha, ghangaŵa na ng'anamuro lapadera chomene (wonani mazgu gha vilembo).
Kalembelo
Viyowoyero vinandi vya Chibemba vikuyana waka na viyowoyero vya ŵanthu ŵa ku Bantu: vikusazgapo viyowoyero vinyake, vikuthemba chomene pa vilembo vyakwamba, vili na mazina ghakupambanapambana, vigaŵa vinandi vya mazgu na nyengo, vilembo vichoko waka, ndipo nga umo vikuŵira mu Chingelezi, mazgu ghakwendera mwakuyana waka. Vigaŵa vinandi ivyo vyalembeka apa vyafuma ku ivyo vikalembeka na Schoeffer, Sheane na Cornwallis.
L'Armentera
L'Armentera ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
ChiBemba
Mazina
Zina la Bemba lili kugaŵika mu vigaŵa vinandi. Vinthu ivi vikuzunulika na vilembo vyakwambilira, ndipo kanandi vikuyana waka na vilembo vyakwambilira, kweni ni vyekha yayi. Kuyana na umo ŵanthu ŵakuyowoyera, mazgu agha ghali kulembeka mu nthowa iyi:
Vilembo vyakwambilira mu kilasi 9 vikulongora kuti mazgu gha mu vilembo ivi ghali mu chiyowoyero cha chiyowoyero chinyake.
Mlongosoli
Nga umo vikuŵira mu viyowoyero vya ŵanthu ŵa ku Bantu, vimanyikwiro vikulondezga mazgu agho vikuyowoya. Kanandi vimanyikwiro vya mazgu, vigaŵa vya mazgu, panji 'vimanyikwiro vya mazgu,' vikufiska mulimo wawo. Ŵakulemba mazgu ghakuyowoya za munthu ŵakuŵa pamanyuma pa lizgu lakuti zina, na chilembo chakuti -a, ndipo pakati pa vilembo ivi pali chilembo chakuti chintu cha nomba.
Kupenda
Nambara za 1 mpaka 10 ni izi:
Manambala 1-5 ghakusangika na mazgu gha pa chilembo (kupatulako munthu yumoza). Nambara 6 m'paka 10 zikusintha yayi. 'Ikumi' wali na chiŵelengero cha'makumi', icho chingagwiliskirika ntchito nga ni zina pamoza na 'na' (na, with) kupanga manambara ghose mpaka 99: chiyelezgero makumi yatatu na pabula,'makumi ghatatu na ghankhondi na ghatatu'.
Pronouns
Vizunuli vya munthu ivyo vikukolerana yayi na gulu ni ivi: 'ine' (munthu wakwamba), 'iwe' (munthu wachiŵiri), 'ifwe' (munthu wakwamba), 'imwe' (munthu wachiŵiri). Vinthu ivi ni vyamahara, ndipo vingawoneka nga ni vinthu yayi. Pali mazina ghanyake gha ŵanthu, ndipo mazina gha ŵanthu ŵatatu ghakuthemba pa gulu. Paliso mazina ghanyake agho ghakulongora kuti munthu wali na nkharo yiwemi.
Ntchito
Viyelezgelo vikuŵa vyambura kusuzga, ndipo kanandi vikumalira pa '-a' (pambere 'a' wandafike, vyose vikuŵa'muzu, '' muzu' panji'muzu'), ndipo vikupangika mwakuyana na munthu, chiŵerengero, na chigaŵa cha munthu na chinthu, nyengo, kaghanaghaniro, lizgu, na usange vikuyowoya makora panji yayi. Kweniso makuni agha ghakung'anamura vinthu vinyake. Malango agha ghangaŵa ghambura kusuzga kughalondezga, ndipo Bemba ni mazgu ghakukolerana.
Subject and object prefixes
Pa vilembo ivi pali vigaŵa viŵiri. Vinthu ivi vikupambana kuyana na umo munthu waliri, ndipo mazgu ghakwamba gha viyowoyero vinyake ghakusintha. Para vyapambana, vigaŵa vyakwambilira vya chigaŵa ivi vikulembeka mu mabokosi.
Pakwamba pakuŵa chigaŵa chakwamba, ndipo pamanyuma pakuŵa chigaŵa chakwamba. Para munthu panji cinthu ni zina lakuzirwa mu gulu limoza, ŵakuzunura lizgu lakuti concord, ndipo lizgu lakuti 'ta' likuŵa panthazi pa lizgu ili.
Tenses and Aspects
Kuŵika vinthu mu nthowa iyi, ni umo wakacitira Schoeffer.
Jafre
Jafre ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
ChiBemba
Tenses and Aspects
Vinyake vikukhumbikwira kuti chilembo chaumaliro cha "a" chizgoke "ile" para chilembo chakwamba cha "a", "i" panji "u", ndipo para chaumaliro cha "e" panji "o" chizgoke "ele". Mu vilembo vinandi muli viheni.
Vinyake mwa vilembo ivi vili pasi apa. Vikuŵapo pamanyuma pa chiŵiya na chinthu, kweniso pambere chiŵiya chindambe kugwira ntchito, kupaturako chiŵiya cha sonosono apa, icho chafiskika, panji icho chachitika kale mu 'na-,' icho chili pakwamba. Para munthu wakusuzgika maghanoghano wakuŵa na mazgu ghakofya ( ́).
Moods
Umo ŵanthu ŵakukhala vikuyana waka na umo ŵanthu ŵa ku Bantu ŵakukhala.
Imperative
Lizgu lakwamba ilo likuyowoyeka mu chiyowoyero chinyake likuyana waka na lizgu ili. Mazgu ghaciŵiri ghakupambanapambana ghakusintha '-a' kuŵa '-eni.' Para munthu wakuzunura lizgu lakuti 'aku' panji 'uka-,' wakuŵa na maghanoghano ghakuti waŵaphalire kuti ŵambeso kuchita chinthu chinyake. Para munthu wakuyowoya mazgu ghakukhozga, wakuŵa na chilembo cha " -inda- " icho chikulondezgapo.
Subjunctive
Chigaŵa ichi chikuyowoyeka mwakuyana waka, nga ntchigaŵa cha mazgu ghambura kuwoneka makora, mu mazgu ghakukhozga, kweniso mu vigaŵa vya mazgu ghakupambanapambana. Cinthu ico cikumanyikwa na lizgu ili nchakuti lizgu laumaliro la lizgu ili '-a' lasintha kuŵa '-e.' Maofesi agha ghali pasi apa. Apa V ni lizgu la chiyowoyero, ndipo P ni lizgu la chiyowoyero. Malango agho ghakulondezga pa nkhani ya mazgu ghakulondezgapo.
Voices
Lizgu lakuti passive likupangika na kuŵika lizgu lakuti '-w-' panthazi pa vowel yaumaliro ya verebu. Lizgu la 'neutral' lingapangika na '-ik-' para lizgu lakwamba ni a, i panji u, ndipo '-ek-' usange lizgu lakwamba ni e panji o. Fundo iyi yikupambana na ya passive chifukwa yikulongosora umo vinthu viliri mu nyengo iyo munthu wakuchita chinthu chinyake. Mu Cingelezi, mazgu ghakuti "the pot is broken", ghakupambana na ghakuti "the ball is kicked").
Negation
Kaŵirikaŵiri, chilembo chakulongosora chikuŵa na chilembo cha 'ta-' padera pa chilembo cha munthu wakwamba uyo wakusintha kuŵa 'nshi' panji'shi.' Kanandi lizgu lakuti subjunctive likuŵa na lizgu lakuti 'i' pamanyuma pa lizgu lakuti pronoun prefixes ndipo kanandi lizgu lakuti 'e' likuzgoka 'a.' Nyengo zinyake lizgu lakuti 'te' likuŵa na mazgu ghambura kuzirwa. Ndipouli, malango ghakupulikikwa makora ghakusuzga chomene, ndipo kawonekero kake kakuthemba pa nyengo iyo munthu wakuyowoyera, umo wakuwonekera, na umo wakujipulikira. Para lizgu lakupepuka likuyowoyeka pamoza na lizgu lakwamba 'le,' kanandi likung'anamura kuti chinthu chinyake chindachitike.
Other forms
Pali viyowoyero vinyake vinandi ivyo vikusintha lizgu lakwamba mwa kusazgako lizgu linyake pambere lizgu laumaliro la "a" lindambe. Vinthu ivi vili pasi apa.
Paliso mazgu ghanyake agho ghakung'anamulika kuti 'kuli' na 'kuba.'
Conjunctions
Vinthu ivi vikugwiliskirika nchito pakunjira mazgu gha kuyana panji ghaciŵiri, nga umo vikuŵira mu Cingelezi.
Mabuku
Pali mabuku ghanandi mu ciyowoyero ici. Pali nkhani, mapowemu na maseŵero. Ŵanyake awo ŵakalemba mabuku mu chiyowoyero ichi ni Stephen Mpashi, Chongo Kasonkomona, Chishimba, Paul Mushindo, Bwalya Chilangwa, Mwila Launshi na Kambole.
Mabuku ghanandi gha mu ciyowoyero ca Bemba ghakalembeka pakati pa 1950 na 1980. Sonosono apa, mabuku ghachoko waka ghakusindikizgika mu Zambia chifukwa cha vifukwa viŵiri: ŵaŵazgi mbachoko chomene ndipo chachiŵiri, chifukwa cha chifukwa chakwamba, ŵalembi ŵakukayikira kufumiska mabuku ghachoko waka mu chiyowoyero cha Bemba, chomenechomene mabuku ghatali. Kweni mu mabuku gha Bemba muli nkhani zicoko na mabuku ghaciŵiri.
Nangauli ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuŵazga mabuku ghithu yayi, kweni mabuku agho ghakusindikizgika mu chiyowoyero ichi kanandi ghakusangika makora. Kweniso, vikuwoneka kuti pali ŵalembi ŵanandi awo ŵakukhumba kulemba mu ciyowoyero ici kweni ŵakutondeka cifukwa ca vifukwa ivyo vyazunulika pacanya apa na vinyake.
Pa nkhani ya kusanda mabuku, mabuku ghanandi gha mu ciyowoyero ca Bemba ghandasindikizgike. Ici nchifukwa cakuti pali ŵanthu ŵacoko comene awo ŵakulemba mabuku mu ciyowoyero ca Bemba, nangauli ŵanthu ŵakutemwa comene. Ŵanyake mwa ŵanthu aŵa ni Lutato na Shadreck Kondala. Mabuku gha Cemba ghakale chomene nga Uwauma Nafyala, Pano Calo na Imilimo ya bena Kale.
L'Escala
L'Escala ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
ChiBemba
Chiyelezgero cha lemba
''Abantu bonse bafyalwa abalubuka nokulingana mu mucinshi nensambu. Balikwata amano nokutontonkanya, eico bafwile ukulacita ifintu ku banabo mu mutima wa bwananyina.''
Kung'anamura
Ŵanthu wose ŵakubabika ŵanangwa ndiposo ŵakuyana wanangwa. Ŵali na vinjeru na njuŵi ndipo ŵakwenera kuchitirana mwaubwezi.
(Ndime 1 ya Universal Declaration of Human Rights)
Jersey
Jersey ntchalo chakuzingilizgika na maji ichoso ntchakujilamula pa chekha icho chili musi mwa mwa maji ku mpoto ku manjililo gha dazi gha chalo cha France.
Isòvol
Isòvol ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Retz
Retz ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Reisenberg
Reisenberg ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Retzbach
Retzbach ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
La Bisbal d'Empordà
La Bisbal d'Empordà ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Rohr im Gebirge
Rohr im Gebirge ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Edlitz, Austria
Edlitz, Austria ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
La Vajol
La Vajol ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Rosenburg-Mold
Rosenburg-Mold ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Röschitz
Röschitz ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Rossatz-Arnsdorf
Rossatz-Arnsdorf ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Röhrenbach
Röhrenbach ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
La Pera
La Pera ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Ruprechtshofen
Ruprechtshofen ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Rohrendorf bei Krems
Rohrendorf bei Krems ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
La Vall d'en Bas
La Vall d'en Bas ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Juià
Juià ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Les Llosses
Les Llosses ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Les Preses
Les Preses ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Scheiblingkirchen-Thernberg
Scheiblingkirchen-Thernberg ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Ringelsdorf-Niederabsdorf
Ringelsdorf-Niederabsdorf ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
La Vall de Bianya
La Vall de Bianya ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Maià de Montcal
Maià de Montcal ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Rohrau, Austria
Rohrau, Austria ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Les Planes d'Hostoles
Les Planes d'Hostoles ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Lloret de Mar
Lloret de Mar ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Massanes (Spain)
Massanes ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Scheibbs
Scheibbs ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Llívia
Llívia ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
La Tallada d'Empordà
La Tallada d'Empordà ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Sallingberg
Sallingberg ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Schollach
Schollach ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Llambilles
Llambilles ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Madremanya
Madremanya ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Schönbach, Austria
Schönbach, Austria ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Llanars
Llanars ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Schönberg am Kamp
Schönberg am Kamp ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Schönbühel-Aggsbach
Schönbühel-Aggsbach ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Llançà
Llançà ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Llagostera
Llagostera ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Schottwien
Schottwien ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Meranges
Meranges ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Rohrbach an der Gölsen
Rohrbach an der Gölsen ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Schönkirchen-Reyersdorf
Schönkirchen-Reyersdorf ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Maçanet de la Selva
Maçanet de la Selva ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Molló
Molló ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Schrattenbach
Schrattenbach ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Maçanet de Cabrenys
Maçanet de Cabrenys ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Gabon
Gabon, Charu cha Gabon (République gabonaise), ni chalo icho chili ku mpoto kwa Central Africa. Charu ichi chili kumpoto cha kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Equatorial Guinea, kumpoto kwa Cameroon, kumafumiro gha dazi na kumwera kwa Republic of the Congo, kweniso kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Gulf of Guinea. Charu ichi chili na malo ghakukwana makilomita 270,000 ndipo ŵanthu ŵakukwana 2.3 miliyoni. Mu chigaŵa ichi muli mapiri (Cristal Mountains na Chaillu Massif) kweniso chipalamba kumanjiliro gha dazi.
Kufuma apo charu cha Gabon chikapokera wanangwa kufuma ku France mu 1960, chakhala na ŵalongozgi ŵatatu. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1990, boma ili likaŵa na vipani vinandi kweniso dango la ndyali ilo likakhumbanga kuti mavoti ghaŵe ghakupulikikwa makora. Nangauli vili nthena, kweni chipani cha Democratic Party (PDG) ndicho chikuluta panthazi. Kuyana na mafuta na ndalama izo ŵanthu ŵakupeleka ku vyaru vinyake, charu ichi chili na chigaŵa chachinayi pa vigaŵa vyose vya caru ici (pamasinda pa Mauritius, Seychelles na South Africa) kweniso chacinayi pa vigaŵa vyose vya Africa (pamasinda pa Seychelles, Mauritius, Equatorial Guinea na Botswana). Kufuma mu 2010 m'paka 2012, GDP yikakura na 6 peresenti pa chaka.
Chiyowoyero cha boma ni Chifurenchi. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Bantu ŵalipo pafupifupi 95 peresenti ya ŵanthu ŵa mu charu ichi, ndipo Chikhristu ndicho ntchisopa chikuru chomene.
Mbili
Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Pygmy awo ŵakakhalanga mu chigaŵa ichi, ŵakatoleka malo na mafuko gha Bantu. Kuzakafika m'ma 1800, ufumu uwo ukayowoyanga chiyowoyero cha Myeni, uwo ukachemekanga Ufumu wa Orungu, ukaŵa malo ghakuguliskirako ŵazga.
Explorer Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza led his first mission to the Gabon-Congo area in 1875. Wakazenga tawuni ya Franceville ndipo pamasinda wakaŵa kazembe. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵa mtundu wa Bantu ndiwo ŵakakhalanga mu chigaŵa ichi apo Ŵafarisi ŵakamba kuwukira mu 1885.
Mu 1910, charu cha Gabon chikaŵa pasi pa French Equatorial Africa, ndipo chikaŵa pasi pa boma la France m'paka mu 1958. Mu nyengo ya Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Charu Chose, ŵasilikari ŵa vyaru vinyake ŵakanjira mu charu cha Gabon kuti ŵawuske boma la France ilo likaŵa ku chigaŵa cha Vichy. Pa Novembala 28, 1958, charu cha Gabon chikazgoka charu chakujiyimira paŵekha mu chigaŵa cha France, ndipo pa Ogasiti 17, 1960, chikaŵa chakujiyimira paŵekha.
Pulezidenti wakwamba wa Gabon, uyo wakasankhika mu 1961, wakaŵa Léon M'ba. Pamanyuma pakuti M'ba wiza pa mazaza, ŵapharazgi ŵakakanizgika, ŵanthu ŵakakanizgika kuyowoya, wanangwa wa kuyowoya ukadumulika, magulu ghanyake gha ndyali ghakafumiskika pa mazaza. Apo M'ba wakawuskapo wupu wa National Assembly mu Janyuwale 1964 kuti waŵike boma la chipani chimoza, ŵasilikari ŵakayezga kumugalura na kuwezgerapo demokilase. Mu maora 24 pera, ŵasilikari ŵa ku France ŵakiza kuti ŵawuskepo M'ba. Pakati pajumpha mazuŵa ghanandi, boma likapoka mazaza ndipo ŵakususka ŵakakakika.
Mieres (Girona)
Mieres ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Gabon
Mbili
Apo M'Ba wakafwa mu 1967, Bongo ndiyo wakanjira mu malo ghake. Mu Malichi 1968, Bongo wakapharazga kuti charu cha Gabon chili na chipani chimoza. Wakacema ŵanthu wose ŵa ku Gabon, kwambura kupwelerako za ndyali. Bongo wakayezga kupanga gulu limoza lakuwoneseska kuti boma likwendeskenge ndondomeko ya chitukuko, pakugwiliskira nchito PDG kuti watimbanizge mphindano za vigaŵa na mafuko izo zikagaŵaniska ndyali za ku Gabon kumanyuma. Bongo wakasankhika kuŵa pulezidenti mu Febuluwale 1975; mu Epulero 1975, mulimo wa kuŵa wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti ukamara ndipo wakasinthika na mulimo wa kuŵa nduna yikuru. Bongo wakasankhikaso kuŵa purezidenti mu Disembala 1979 na Novembala 1986 kwa vyaka 7. Mu 1990, kusuzgika kwa vinthu vya cuma na kukhumba kuti vinthu viŵe makora mu ndyali kukapangiska kuti ŵana ŵa sukulu na ŵantchito ŵalongoreke na kunyenyenkha nchito. Pakuzgora kudandawura kwa ŵantchito, Bongo wakadumbiskana nawo pa cigaŵa na cigaŵa, ndipo wakapeleka malipiro ghakupambanapambana. Iyo wakalayizga kuti wazamujura PDG na kunozga ungano wa ndyali mu Malichi/Epulero 1990 kuti ŵadumbiskane za ndyali za ku Gabon. Pa ungano uwu pakaŵaso ŵandyali na mawupu ghanyake 74. Awo ŵakanjilirapo ŵakaŵa ŵaŵiri, PDG na ŵabwezi ŵake, kweniso gulu la United Front of Opposition Associations and Parties (United Front of Opposition Associations and Parties), ilo lili na Morena Fundamental na Gabonese Progress Party.
Pa ungano uwo ukacitika mu Epulero 1990, ŵakazomerezga kusintha vinthu vinyake pa ndyali, kusazgapo kukhazikiska wupu wakuwona vya ndyali (National Senate), kuleka kwendeska ndyali, wanangwa wa kuwungana, na kufumiska mabuku. Mu kuyezga kwendeska kusintha kwa ndyali kuya ku demokilase ya vyaru vinandi, Bongo wakaleka udindo wake wa CEO ndipo wakapangiska boma lakwendera pasi ilo likulongozgeka na nduna yikuru Casimir Oye-Mba. Gulu la Social Democratic Grouping (RSDG) la ku Gabon, ndilo likacemekanga boma ilo likafuma, likaŵa licoko kuluska boma lakale ndipo likaŵa na ŵimiliri ŵa vyaru vinyake vyakususka boma. RSDG yikalemba dango lakwamba mu Meyi 1990 ilo likapeleka malango ghakwendeskera wanangwa wa ŵanthu na wupu wakweruzga wakujiyimira pawekha ndipo likalutilira kuŵa na mazaza gha pulezidenti. Pamasinda, komiti ya malango na Nyumba ya Malango yikati yasanda fundo iyi, yikamba kugwira ntchito mu Malichi 1991.
Ŵanthu ŵakalutilira kulimbana na PDG pamanyuma pa ungano wa mu Epulero 1990, ndipo mu Seputembala 1990, ŵanthu ŵaŵiri ŵakayezga kutimbanizga boma. Mu September/October 1990, pakati pajumpha viyezgelero pamanyuma pa nyifwa ya mulongozgi wa chipani cha opposition, mavoti ghakwamba gha vyaru vyakupambanapambana mu vyaka pafupifupi 30 ghakacitika, ndipo PDG wakapokera wanandi.
Pamanyuma pakuti Pulezidenti Omar Bongo wasankhika mu Disembala 1993 na mavoti 51%, ŵakususka ŵakakana kuzomerezga ivyo vikacitika. Nkhondo na nkhaza zikapangiska kuti boma na ŵasilikari ŵakususka boma ŵafike pa phangano. Ivyo ŵakadumbiskana vikapangiska kuti mu Novembala 1994, paŵe mapangano gha ku Paris. Ndondomeko iyi yikamara, ndipo maungano gha boma na gha boma gha mu 1996 na 1997 ghakaŵawovwira kuti ŵambeso kusankhana mitundu. PDG ndiyo wakathereska pa mavoti gha boma, ndipo misumba yinyake, kusazgapo Libreville, yikasora ma mayoro gha chipani chakususka pa mavoti gha mu 1997.
Pakulimbana na ŵanthu ŵakususkana, Pulezidenti Omar Bongo wakakhumbanga kuwuskikaso mu Disembala 1998. Nangauli ŵanyake awo ŵakasuskanga boma la Bongo ŵakasuska kuti vikaŵa vyautesi, kweni ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakuwona vya charu chose ŵakawona kuti vikaŵa vyaunenesko "nangauli pakaŵa vinthu vinandi vyambura kwenelera". Masankhiro gha wupu wakulongozga agho ghakacitika mu 2001 na 2002 ghakaŵavya wanangwa ndipo ghakatambuzgika cifukwa ca suzgo lawo. Mu Novembala 2005, pulezidenti Omar Bongo wakasankhika kuti waŵepo kaŵiri. Wakathereskeka, ndipo ŵakususka ŵakuti vikaŵa vyambura kwenelera. Pakaŵa nkhaza zinandi wati wapharazga kuti watonda. Mu Disembala 2006, kukaŵa maungano gha chigaŵa. Malo ghanyake agho ghakaŵa ghakusuzga chifukwa cha mavoti ghambura kwenelera ghakalekeka na Khoti la Malango, ndipo mavoti ghaciŵiri agho ghakaŵako mu 2007 ghakapeleka Nyumba ya Malango iyo yikalongozgekanga na PDG. Pa 8 Juni 2009, President Omar Bongo wakafwa na nthenda ya mtima mu chipatala cha Spain ku Barcelona. Mwakukolerana na dango ilo lasinthika, Rose Francine Rogombé, mulongozgi wa Senate, wakazgoka mulongozgi wa nyengo yeneyiyo pa 10 June 2009. Chisankho chakwamba mu mbiri ya charu cha Gabon icho chikaŵavya Omar Bongo, chikachitika pa 30 August, 2009. Mu nyengo iyo vikaŵa pafupi kuchitika, pakaŵa ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakasuskanga. Mwana wa Omar Bongo, mulongozgi wa chipani chakulongozga, Ali Bongo Ondimba, wakapharazgika kuti ndiyo watonda pamanyuma pa kudumbiskana kwa masabata ghatatu na khoti la malango. Khoti ili likawona kuti pali upusikizgi uwo ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakwimira chipani chinyake ŵakayowoya. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Port-Gentil ŵakaluta mu misewu, ndipo mashopu na nyumba zinyake zikawotcheka. Kuyana na malango, ŵanthu 4 ŵakafwa pa nyengo ya vivulupi. Ŵasilikari na ŵasilikari ŵakatumika ku Port-Gentil kuti ŵawovwire ŵapolisi awo ŵakaŵa mu suzgo.
Mu Juni 2010, ŵakachita mavoti ghacigaŵa. Pa ungano uwu pakaŵa chipani cha Union Nationale (UN). Wupu wa UN uli na ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakaleka chipani ichi pamanyuma pa nyifwa ya Omar Bongo. Pa malo 5 agho ghakaŵa pa chiphikiro ichi, PDG yikawinapo 3 ndipo UN yikawinapo 2; vigaŵa vyose viŵiri vikati vyatonda.
Lladó
Lladó ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Gabon
Mbili
Mu Janyuwale 2019, ŵasilikari ŵakayezga kutimbanizga boma la Pulezidenti Ali Bongo.
Mu Juni 2022, Gabon na Togo ŵakanjira mu Commonwealth of Nations.
Ndale
Mu 1990, boma likasintha ndyali za ku Gabon. Pa ungano wa ndyali uwo ukacitika mu Malichi na Epulero, mu Meyi 1990 pakalembeka dango lakwendera. Pa malango agha pakaŵa malango ghakuyana na gha ku vyaru vya kumanjiliro gha dazi, wupu wa National Council of Democracy, uwo ukawoneleranga umo wanangwa uwu ukovwilira ŵanthu, wupu wa boma wakulongozga pa nkhani za vyachuma na umoyo wa ŵanthu, kweniso wupu wa ŵeruzgi. Pamanyuma pa kuzomerezgeka na wupu wa National Assembly, PDG Central Committee, na President, wupu uwu ukazomera dango ili mu March 1991. Mu 1990-91 pakaŵa maungano gha vyaru vinandi apo magulu gha visopa ghakaŵa kuti ghandazomerezgeke. Mu Janyuwale 1991, wupu wakulongozga ukazomerezga dango lakuti maboma gha visopa ghazomerezgeke.
Pamasinda pakuti pulezidenti Omar Bongo wasankhika mu 1993, mu mavoti agho ghakaŵa na ŵanthu 51 peresenti pera, masuzgo gha ndyali na gha ŵanthu ghakacitiska kuti paŵe ungano wa ku Paris mu 1994. Maungano agha ghakaŵa ghakwenelera kuti paŵe maungano ghanyake. Pa maungano gha chigaŵa na gha malango, maungano agha ghakaŵako mu 1996-97. Mu 1997, ŵakasintha malango gha boma kuti paŵe wupu wa Senate na wupu wa vice president, kweniso kuti nyengo iyo pulezidenti wakugwilira ntchito yikwane vyaka 7.
Mu Okutobala 2009, Pulezidenti Ali Bongo Ondimba wakamba kuyezgayezga kuti boma liŵe makora. Kuti watimbanizge vimbundi, wakawuskapo mauteŵeti 17 gha nduna, wakawuskapo wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti, na kunozga maofesi ghanyake gha nduna. Mu Novembala 2009, Pulezidenti Bongo Ondimba wakapharazga chilato chiphya cha kusinthiska charu cha Gabon, icho wakachichema kuti "Gabon Emergent". Ndondomeko iyi yili na fundo zitatu: Green Gabon, Service Gabon, na Industrial Gabon. Chilato cha Kaboni Emergent nkhusintha vinthu mu vyaru vinyake kuti charu chileke kuthemba chomene mafuta, kumazga vimbundi, na kunozga ŵanthu. Mu ndondomeko iyi, ŵakanjizga makuni ghambura kupangika makora mu vyaru vinyake, ŵakalemba unandi wa ŵanthu mu boma lose, ŵakasintha zuŵa lakulutira ku ntchito kuti ŵaleke kupumura nyengo yitali, ndipo ŵakambiska kampani ya mafuta.
Pa January 25, 2011, mulongozgi wa chipani chinyake, André Mba Obame, wakapempha kuti waŵe pulezidenti, wakati charu chikwenera kulongozgeka na munthu uyo ŵanthu ŵakukhumba nadi. Wakasora nduna 19 za boma lake, ndipo wose pamoza na ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵanandi ŵakagona ku ofesi ya UN. Pa Janyuwale 26, boma likalekeska chipani cha Mba Obame. Mulongozgi wa AU Jean Ping wakati vyakucita vya Mba Obame "vikupweteka wanangwa wa mabungwe ndipo vikupangiska kuti mtende, civikiliro na kukhazikika kwa Gabon viŵe pangozi". Nduna ya vya mukati Jean-François Ndongou yikati Mba Obame na ŵanthu awo ŵakamukhozganga mbanthu ŵakwendera mphiska. Secretary-General wa UN, Ban Ki-moon, wakayowoya kuti wakuwona Ondimba kuŵa pulezidenti yekha wa Gabon.
Chisankho cha pulezidenti mu 2016 chikaŵa chakususkana, ndipo ŵanthu ŵakayowoya kuti vikachitika "pafupi chomene". Ŵanthu ŵakamba kususka boma la Georgia, ndipo ŵakamba kususka boma. Ŵanthu pakati pa 50 na 100 ŵakakomeka na ŵasilikari ndipo 1,000 ŵakakakika. Ŵalendo ŵa ku vyaru vinyake ŵakasuska ivyo vikachitika, kusazgapo unandi wa ŵanthu awo ŵakiza ku maungano. Khoti likuru comene mu caru ici likadumura kuti malo ghanyake ghakukayikiska ghaleke kusangikapo, ndipo mavoti ghakabwanganduka. Chisankho ichi chikapelekeka na munthu uyo wakaŵa pa udindo wa Ondimba. Pa ungano uwu, ŵanthu ŵaŵiri ŵakakondwa chomene na ivyo vikachitika.
Ubale na vyaru vinyake
Kufuma waka apo charu cha Gabon chikapokera wanangwa wake, charu ichi chikulondezga fundo ya kuleka kuŵa ku chigaŵa cha ŵasilikari ŵa charu chinyake. Mu vyaru vya mu Africa, boma ili likukhumba kuti vinthu visinthe m'malo mwa kusintha, ndipo likukhumba kuti mabungwe gha ŵanthu ŵekha ghaŵe na mazaza pa vinthu. Wakawovwirapo pakunozga vinthu ku Chad, Central African Republic, Angola, Republic of Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), na Burundi. Mu Disembala 1999, mu charu cha Congo (Brazzaville) pakalembeka phangano la mtende pakati pa boma na ŵalongozgi ŵanandi ŵa gulu lakugaluka. Pulezidenti Bongo wakacitako mulimo wa mtende mu D.R.C., ndipo wakacitapo kanthu pakunozga suzgo mu Ivory Coast.
Gabon njumoza wa mawupu gha United Nations (UN) na mawupu ghanyake gha vyamahara na ghakukhwaskana nagho, na World Bank; IMF; African Union (AU); Central African Customs Union/Central African Economic and Monetary Community (UDEAC/CEMAC); EU/ACP association under the Lomé Convention; the Communaute Financiere Africaine (CFA); the Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC); the Non-Aligned Movement; and the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS/CEEAC). Mu 1995, Gabon wakafumamo mu wupu wa OPEC, ndipo wakaweleramo mu 2016. Gabon wakasankhika kukhala mu wupu wa United Nations Security Council kwa mwezi wa January 2010 mpaka December 2011 ndipo wakachitanga milimo ya wupu uwu mu March 2010.
Ŵankhondo
Wumba uwu uli na ŵasilikari pafupifupi 5,000, ndipo uli na ŵasilikari ŵa nkhondo, ŵasilikari ŵa nkhondo, ŵasilikari ŵa ndege, ŵasilikari ŵa ndembera, na ŵapolisi. Ŵalinda 1,800 ŵakuvikilira pulezidenti.
Kugawikana kwa boma
Chigaŵa ichi chili na vigaŵa 9 ivyo vili na madipatimenti 50. Pulezidenti wakwimika mabwana gha vigaŵa, ŵalongozgi ŵa vigaŵa, na ŵalongozgi ŵa vigaŵa.
Vigaŵa ivi ni ivi (vigaŵa vikuruvikuru vili pakati pa mabokosi):
Makhalilo gha charu
Charu ichi chili mumphepete mwa nyanja ya Atlantic ku Central Africa, pakati pa latitude 3°N na 4°S, na longitude 8° na 15°E. Charu cha Gabon chili na nkhorongo ya makuni ghakututuka, ndipo malo ghake 89.3% ghali na makuni.
Pali vigaŵa vya mumphepete mwa nyanja ivyo vili pa mtunda wa makilomita 20 m'paka 300, mapiri (mapiri gha Cristal kumpoto kwa Libreville, Chaillu Massif pakatikati), na chipalamba kumanjiliro gha dazi. Malo gha mumphepete mwa nyanja ghali mu chigaŵa cha Atlantic Equatorial coastal forests ecoregion cha World Wildlife Fund ndipo muli makuni gha mangrove gha ku Central Africa, kusazgapo mu mlonga wa Muni, mumphepete mwa mphaka na Equatorial Guinea.
Kuyana na umo vinthu viliri pa charu, charu cha Gabon chili na malibwe gha Archean na Paleoproterozoic. Vinthu vinyake ivyo vikaŵako ni vyaka vyakujumpha mabiliyoni ghaŵiri. Malibwe ghanyake ghakusangika mu nyanja, mu nyanja, na mu vyaru vinyake. Pakuti charu cha Pangaea chikagaŵikana, chikaŵa na maji ghanandi chomene. Pali vigaŵa vya Oklo reactor, vyakumera vya nyukiliya pa caru capasi ivyo vikaŵa na nkhongono vyaka mabiliyoni ghaŵiri ivyo vyajumpha. Malo agha ŵakaghasanga apo ŵakagwiranga nchito ya kunozga uranium mu vyaka vya m'ma 1970 kuti ŵapeleke nkhongono za nyukiliya ku France.
Mlonga wake ukuru ni Ogooué uwo uli na utali wa makilomita 1,200. Ili na malo ghatatu gha karst agho ghali na mphanji zinandi izo zili mu malibwe gha dolomite na limestone. Mu 2008, gulu linyake la ku National Geographic likaluta ku mphanji zinyake kuti likapende.
Mu 2002, pulezidenti Omar Bongo Ondimba wakadumura kuti chigaŵa cha 10% cha charu ichi chiŵe chigaŵa cha mapaki gha charu (apo pali mapaki 13). Wupu wa National Agency for National Parks ndiwo ukwendeska malo agha. Mu 2018, charu cha Gabon chikaŵa pa nambara 9.07/10, ndipo chikaŵa pa nambara 9 pa vyaru 172.
Chuma
Pafupifupi 46% ya ndalama za boma zikufuma ku mafuta, 43% ya GDP, na 81% ya katundu uyo wakuguliskika. Kufumiska mafuta kukakhira kufuma pa 370,000 pa zuŵa mu 1997. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakuti mafuta gha ku Gabon ghazamumara mu 2025. Tikwamba kunozgekera umo vinthu vizamuŵira para mafuta ghamara. Malo gha mafuta gha Grondin ghakavumbukwa mu 1971 mu maji ghakukwera mamita 50 (mafiti 160) mu mtunda wa makilomita 40 (mailosi 25) kufupi na nyanja, ndipo ghakupanga kufuma ku malibwe gha mchenga gha Batanga gha nyengo ya Maastrichtian ghakupanga chipingo cha mchere icho chili pafupi makilomita ghaŵiri (mailosi 1.2) kumanyuma..
"Kugwiliskira nchito ndalama zinandi comene" pa njanji ya Trans-Gabon, kuchepeskeka kwa mtengo wa CFA franc mu 1994, ndiposo nyengo ya kunangika kwa mtengo wa mafuta, vikapangiska masuzgo gha ngongoli.
Maofesi gha International Monetary Fund (IMF) ghakususka boma la Gabon chifukwa cha kunjilirapo chomene pa vinthu vyambura kuzirwa (mu vyaka viwemi na viheni wuwo), kutora ngongoli zinandi kufuma ku banki yikuru, na kutondeka kufiska ndondomeko ya privatization na administrative reform. Mu Seputembala 2005, charu cha Gabon chikapangana na IMF kuti chiŵe maso kwa myezi 15. Mu Meyi 2007, ŵakazomerezga kuti ŵaŵe na ndondomeko ya vyaka vitatu na IMF. Chifukwa cha suzgo la ndalama na vinthu vinyake ivyo vikachitika pa umoyo wa ŵanthu pamanyuma pa nyifwa ya pulezidenti Omar Bongo na maungano, charu cha Gabon chikatondeka kufiska vilato vyake vya vyachuma mu 2009.