cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Livingstone, Zambia
Ndege
Msumba uwu uli na chiŵanja cha ndege cha Harry Mwanga Nkumbula International Airport, icho chikupokelera ndege zakufuma ku Lusaka ndipo chikukolerana na misumba yakupambanapambana, kusazgapo Johannesburg, Cape Town, Mbombela & Nairobi.
Njanji
Msumba uwu uli na migelo ya Cape to Cairo Railway, iyo yikukolerana na Lusaka kumpoto-kumafumiro gha dazi na Bulawayo kumwera-kumafumiro gha dazi. Sitima ya ku Lusaka yikucemekaso kuti Zambia Railway. Sitima ya Mulobezi yikukumaniska Livingstone na makampani gha makuni gha Mulobezi kumanjiliro gha dazi.
Msewu
Msewu wa Lusaka-Livingstone (msewu wa T1) ukukumana na Kalomo, Choma na likuru la charu (Lusaka) kumpoto-kumafumiro gha dazi. Mseu womwewo umalumikizana kumwera, kudutsa ku Zimbabwe kudzera pa Victoria Falls Bridge (zoletsa kulemera zimagwira ntchito) (kukhala mseu wa A8 kumbali ya Zimbabwe ndikudutsa Victoria Falls Town musanapite ku Bulawayo).
Msewu wa M10 ukulazga kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Kazungula (uko Kazungula Bridge, kale Kazungula Ferry, yikukolerana na mphaka ya ku Botswana) na Sesheke (uko yikwambuka Zambezi nga ni Katima Mulilo Bridge na kufika ku Katima Mulilo Border na Namibia). Msewu uwu ukufuma ku Livingstone m'paka ku Katima Mulilo Bridge uli mu msewu wa Walvis Bay-Ndola-Lubumbashi Development Road. M10 yikulutilira kukolerana na Senanga na Mongu.
Malo ghakusoperapo
Pa malo agha pali visopa vinandi vya Cikhristu: Roman Catholic Diocese of Livingstone (Chisopa ca Katolika), United Church in Zambia (World Communion of Reformed Churches), Mount Zion Christian Centre - Livingstone (Pentecostal Church), Reformed Church in Zambia (World Communion of Reformed Churches), Baptist Union of Zambia (Baptist World Alliance), Assemblies of God. Paliso nyumba za cisopa ca Cisilamu na za Cihindu. Kale, mu tawuni ya Livingstone mukaŵa Ŵayuda ŵanandi.
Mwambo
Mu tawuni ya Livingstone muli malo ghakupambanapambana ghakusungiramo vinthu vyakusungiramo vinthu vyakale nga ni Livingstone Museum (iyo yikulongosora vya ŵasayansi, ŵanthu na mbiri yakale, kweniso yili na vinthu vinyake vyakukhwaskana na David Livingstone), Maramba Cultural Museum (iyo yikulongosora vya kuvina, kwimba, na vyakuvwara), Railway Museum of the Mulobezi Railway, na Victoria Falls Field Museum (iyo yikulongosora vya geology na archeology mu tawuni ya Victoria Falls).
Bad Münder am Deister
Bad Münder am Deister ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Livingstone, Zambia
Matawuni ghaŵiri
Livingstone wali na ŵadumbu:
Ukaboni
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Lionel Messi
Lionel Messi ndi wosewera bola waku Argentina yemwe amasewera ku Inter Miami CF.
Bergheim, North Rhine-Westphalia
Bergheim, North Rhine-Westphalia ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
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Module:Location map/data/Rumphi
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Bergisch Gladbach
Bergisch Gladbach ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Brüssow
Brüssow ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Brunsbüttel
Brunsbüttel ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Chiyowoyero cha Chimbunda
ChiMbunda ni ciyowoyero ca ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Bantu ku Angola na Zambia. Pali viyowoyero vinandi: Katavola, Yauma, Nkangala, Mbalango, Sango, Ciyengele ("Shamuka"),na Ndundu, vyose ivi vikukolerana comene. Chimbunda chikaŵa chimoza mwa viyowoyero vinkhondi na cimoza ivyo Instituto de Línguas Nacionais (National Languages Institute) yikasankha kuti vilembeke mu 1980 kuti viwovwire kusambizga mu masukulu na kukhozga ŵanthu kuti ŵayowoyenge viyowoyero ivi.
Kapulikikilo
Mbunda wakuyana waka na Luchazi, kweni wali na mazgu ghanyake ghakupambana. Pakati pa mphambano zinyake, apo Luchazi wali na /s, z/, Mbunda wali na /θ, ð/. Apo Luchazi wali na /ts/, Mbunda wali na /t̪/.
Malemba
Nga ni viyowoyero vinyake vya kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Angola na Zambia, chiyowoyero cha Chimbunda chili na mavowel ghankhondi:
Consonants
Para munthu wakuyowoya mazgu ghakupulikikwa waka, ghakupulikikwa yayi. Mu chiyowoyero cha Mbunda muli waka mazgu ghakuti tenuis:
Ŵanthu
Mbunda yikuyowoyeka na ŵanthu ŵa Mbunda mu chigaŵa cha Moxico na Cuando Cubango mu chigaŵa cha Angola na kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Zambia.
Viyowoyero vinyake vimoza
Chiyowoyero cha Mbunda mu Zambia na Angola chikuyowoyeka mwakuyana yayi. Ku Zambia, mino ghake ghakumanyikwa na lulimi, ndipo ghakuyowoya mazgu nga ni agha: "Mundthzindthzime" (mithunzi), "chithzalo" (vwaliro), "Kuthsa" (nyifwa) na ghanyake ghanandi. Makutu ghakusuzga agho ghakwimira TH. Chiyowoyero cha Mbunda mu Angola na Namibia chikuyowoyeka kwambura mazgu gha TH, nga umo vikuŵira mu chiyowoyero cha Luchazi. Nanga ni mu Zambia, ciyowoyero ca Mbunda ico cikayowoyeka na ŵanthu ŵa Chiyengele awo ŵakasamira kunyake, cikupambana na ca ŵanthu ŵa Mbunda awo ŵakachimbilira ku Zambia cifukwa ca nkhondo iyo yikacitika mu 1914. Lekani chiyowoyero cha Chiyengele, icho chikusangika chomene mu chigaŵa cha Mongu, chikuchemeka "Shamuka". Lizgu ili likung'anamuraso chiyowoyero cha Mbunda ku Namibia, icho chili na ŵanthu ŵa viyowoyero vya Nyemba na Luchazi.
Ma nambala
Kuŵerenga manambara mu chiyowoyero cha Mbunda kukukolerana na manambara ghakumanyikwa chomene. Kuzuzga maji na manambara ghacoko nkhwakusuzga yayi.
1 - Chimo.
2 - Vivali.
3 - Vitatu.
4 - Viwana.
5 - Vitanu.
6 - Vitanu na chimo.
7 - Vitanu na vivali.
8 - Vitanu na vitatu.
9 - Vitanu na viwana.
Brück
Brück ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Bergneustadt
Bergneustadt ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Chiyowoyero cha Chimbunda
Ma nambala
10 - Likumi.
11 - Likumi na chimo.
20 - Makumi avali.
33 - Makumi atatu na vitatu.
Bruchköbel
Bruchköbel ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Chiyowoyero cha Chimbunda
Ma nambala
44 - Makumi awana na viwana.
50 - Makumi atanu.
Bad Lobenstein
Bad Lobenstein ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Chiyowoyero cha Chimbunda
Ma nambala
60 - Makumi atanu na limo.
70 - Makumi atanu na avali.
80 - Makumi atanu na atatu.
88 - Makumi atanu na atatu na vitanu na vitatu.
90 - Makumi atanu na awana.
99 - Makumi atanu na awana na vitanu na viwana.
100 - Chiita.
101 - Chiita na kamo.
110 - Chiita na likumi.
111 - Chiita na likumi na kamo.
152 - Chiita na makumi atanu na tuvali.
163 - Chiita na makumi atanu na limo na tutanu.
Bergkamen
Bergkamen ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Chiyowoyero cha Chimbunda
Ma nambala
185 - Chiita na makumi atanu na atatu na tutanu.
186 - Chiita na makumi atanu na atatu na tutanu na kamo.
197 - Chiita na makumi atanu na awana na tutanu na tuvali.
200 - Viita vivali.
201 - Viita vivali na kamo.
300 - Viita vitatu.
400 - Viita viwana.
500 - Viita vitanu.
Buchen (Odenwald)
Buchen (Odenwald) ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Chiyowoyero cha Chimbunda
Ma nambala
600 - Viita vitanu na chimo.
700 - Viita vitanu na vivali.
800 - Viita vitanu na vitatu.
900 - Viita vitanu na viwana.
1,000 - Likulukathzi.
1,111 - Likulukathzi na chiita na likumi na kamo.
Braunschweig
Braunschweig ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Buchholz in der Nordheide
Buchholz in der Nordheide ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Chiyowoyero cha Chimbunda
Ma nambala
2,000 - Makulukathzi avali.
Braunsbedra
Braunsbedra ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Chiyowoyero cha Chimbunda
Ma nambala
3,000 - Makulukathzi atatu.
4,000 - Makulukathzi awana.
5,000 - Makulukathzi atanu.
6,000 - Makulukathzi atanu na limo.
7,000 - Makulukathzi atanu na avali.
Brühl (Rheinland)
Brühl (Rheinland) ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Chiyowoyero cha Chimbunda
Ma nambala
8,000 - Makulukathzi atanu na atatu.
10,000 - Likumi lya makulukathzi.
11,111 - likumi lya makulukathzi na likulukathzi na chiita na likumi na kamo.
20,000 - Makumi avali amakulukathzi.
30,000 - Makumi atatu amakulukathzi.
40,000 - Makumi awana amakulukathzi.
50,000 - Makumi atanu amakulukathzi.
60,000 - Makumi atanu na limo amakulukathzi.
70,000 - Makumi atanu na avali amakulukathzi.
80,000 - makumi atanu na atatu amakulukathzi.
90,000 - makumi atanu na awana amakulukathzi.
Breckerfeld
Breckerfeld ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Chiyowoyero cha Chimbunda
Ma nambala
100,000 - chiita cha makulukathzi.
200,000 - viita vivali vya makulukathzi.
300,000 - viita vitatu vya makulukathzi.
400,000 - viita viwana vya makulukathzi.
500,000 - viita vitanu vya makulukathzi.
Bredstedt
Bredstedt ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Chiyowoyero cha Chimbunda
Ma nambala
600,000 - viita vitanu na chimo vya makulikathzi.
700,000 - viita vitanu na vivali vya makulukathzi.
900,000 - viita vitanu na viwana vya makulukathzi.
1,000,000 - likulukathzi lya makulukathzi.
Mazina na ng'anamuro lake
Mazina gha Ŵambunda nganandi, kweni agha ndigho ghakumanyikwa chomene. Vingapelekeka kwa mwanalume panji mwanakazi, kupaturako viŵiya vichoko waka ivyo ni vya ŵanakazi pera ndipo vyazunulika na (f). Zina mwa mazina gha Ŵambunda ghakuyana waka na mazina gha ŵanthu ŵanyake awo nawo ŵakukhala mu Ufumu wa Luba, nga ni Kaunda, Katongo, Kavanda, Mulenga, Muvanga, Mwila, Kavunda, Kalunga, Muti, Chiinga, Kavalata, Chiti, Nkonde na ŵanyake. Mazina ghanyake agho ghakuyana na gha Mbunda ni Chipoya, Chipango, Musole, Kayata, Ngambo, Kawengo, Kapisa na Musumali. Vinthu ivi vikulongora kuti ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Mbunda ŵakakhalanga mu Ufumu wa Lunda na wa Luba mu vyaka vya m'ma 1500. Mazina gha Mbunda agho ghakugwiliskirika nchito kanandi ni agha:
1. Viemba (Vyemba) meaning medicines.
2. Vulungi meaning trekking to new settlement
3. Chendamundali meaning tourist, (vacendamundali-plural).
4. Chalula meaning someone who found (picked) a lost thing.
5. Chambato meaning a bridegroom.
6. Changoco meaning a useless person.
7. Changano meaning an "I don't care" person.
8. Chavaya meaning a destitute person.
9. Chikatu meaning source.
10. Chilala meaning cruelty.
11. Chiinga meaning substitute or substitution.
12. Chiingi meaning the substitute wife from same family as first wife.
13. Chilindo meaning the float of fish net.
14. Chilombo meaning a place where things are put to soak or dye.
15. Chilunda meaning the second born.
17. Chimbinde meaning a cantankerous person, cruel.
18. Chindele meaning a white person.
19. Chindumba meaning a kind of hair plait.
20. Chingumbe meaning a strong and healthy man. Name of the 14th Mbunda King who ruled Mbundaland in the 17th century in what is now Angola.
21. Chingunde meaning moroseness, sullenness.
22. Chingwali meaning a shackle for the head, a fetter.
23. Chinjenge meaning to be left in hardship.
24. Chinunga meaning an articulated joint.
26. Chioola meaning a quiet person; sober.
27. Chipango meaning the fence built for a woman giving birth.
28. Chipipa meaning to swish or whip through the air.
29. Chipoya meaning a machile or hammock.
30. Chiputa meaning a type of shrub; bush.
Breuberg
Breuberg ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Chiyowoyero cha Chimbunda
Mazina na ng'anamuro lake
31. Chixwaxwa (Chishwashwa) meaning an empty light shell.
32. Chiti meaning wood or tree.
Bremerhaven
Bremerhaven ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Chiyowoyero cha Chimbunda
Mazina na ng'anamuro lake
33. Chitumbo meaning a big heap of soil.
34. Chitundu meaning a type of plant with an edible tuber.
35. Chiyengele meaning a red cloth belt. Name of the Senior Mbunda Chief in Bulozi, declared by King Mulena Mulambwa of the Aluyi people.
36. Chiyengo meaning big barrel.
37. Chuma meaning thing.
38. Kaalu meaning a surviving twin.
39. Kavavu meaning June.
40. Kafunya meaning a presumptuous person.
41. Kafuti meaning the child born after twins.
43. Kaliki meaning the chief's storehouse.
44. Kaliye meaning being lonely.
47. Kaliata (Kalyata) meaning a person who oppresses others.
49. Kamana meaning a wise person.
51. Kankondo meaning a kind of weasel that eats fowls.
52. Kanjonja meaning a type of gun; flintlock.
53. Kanunga meaning a small joint.
54. Kapatitho (Kapatiso) meaning bolt fastener.
55. Kapitha (Kapisa) meaning a person who refuses to help because he is miserly and stingy or who burns something.
57. Kaxukwe (Kashukwe) meaning August.
58. Kathoka (Kasoka) meaning a person who loads the gun; rams the charge into the gun.
59. Kathonda (Kasonda) (vuthampu - vusampu) meaning a kind of coiffure.
60. Katavola meaning a person who tears something apart. Name of the famous 20th Mbunda King who fought and defeated the Chokwe people in what is now Angola.
61. Katota meaning a person who knocks or hammers on something.
62. Katongo meaning a wanderer.
63. Kaulembi (kulamba) meaning a person who goes to appeal for help.
Bretten
Bretten ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Bremervörde
Bremervörde ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Brilon
Brilon ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Mgaŵano wa Afilika
Nkhondo ya ku Africa, iyo yikumanyikwaso kuti Kupatukana kwa Africa, panji Kupoka kwa Africa, yikaŵa nkhondo ya kuwukira, kupoka, kugaŵikana, na kukoloneska vyaru vinandi vya mu Africa na maboma gha ku Europe ghaŵiri gha kumanjiliro gha dazi. Pa caru cose ca ku Africa ico cikaŵa pasi pa muwuso wa ŵa ku Europe mu 1870, ciŵelengero ici cikakwera kufika pa 90 peresenti mu 1914.
Pa ungano uwo ukachitikira ku Berlin mu 1884, ŵanthu ŵakamba kuzomerezga kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe ndiwo ŵakambiska vyamalonda mu Africa. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1800, maboma gha ku Europe ghakatimbananga pa nkhani za ndyali. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1800, vinthu vikasintha kufuma ku "ufumu wambura kuzomerezgeka" - mazaza gha ŵasilikari na usambazi - kuya ku muwuso wakudunjika.
Mu nyengo ya Nkhondo Yakuzizima, vyaru vinandi vya mu Africa vikaŵa vyambura ŵanthu. Mazuŵa ghano napo, mphaka za ufumu na vinthu vya cuma ivyo vikapangika cifukwa ca nkhondo iyi vikukhwaska ndyali na vya cuma vya mu Africa.
Mbili
Kuzakafika mu 1841, ŵamalonda ŵa ku Europe ŵakakhazikiska malo ghacoko gha malonda mumphepete mwa nyanja ya Africa, kweni ŵakendanga mu vigaŵa vya mukati pera. Ŵakaguliskanga chomene na ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe ŵakakhalanga yayi mu vigaŵa vinandi vya charu ichi chifukwa chakuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakafwanga na matenda nga ni maleriya. Pakati pa vyaka vya m'ma 1800, ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵa ku Europe ŵakajambura mapu gha vyaru vinandi vya ku East Africa na Central Africa.
Brotterode-Trusetal
Brotterode-Trusetal ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Mgaŵano wa Afilika
Mbili
Kuzakafika m'ma 1870, ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe ŵakaŵa na mazaza pa chigaŵa cha 10% cha Africa, ndipo vigaŵa vyawo vyose vikaŵa pafupi na nyanja. Vyaru vyakuzirwa comene vikaŵa Angola na Mozambique, ivyo vikaŵa vya Portugal; Cape Colony, ivyo vikaŵa vya Britain; na Algeria, ivyo vikaŵa vya France. Kuzakafika mu 1914, mu vyaru vya ku Europe mukaŵa vyaru vya Ethiopia na Liberia pera ivyo vikaŵa vyambura kulamulirika na vyaru vya America.
Vinthu vikenda makora chomene mu vyakupangapanga ndipo vikawovwira kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe ŵalute ku vyaru vinyake. Makampani ghakupanga vinthu vinandi chomene pa nkhani ya mendero na mawoko, chomenechomene pa nkhani ya sitima za pa maji, njanji, na matelefoni. Vinthu vinyake ivyo vikawovwira chomene ni munkhwala, comenecomene munkhwala wakumazgira matenda agho ghakwiza mu vyaru vyamuthondo. Kufumiskika kwa chinine, munkhwala wakukoma maleriya, kukawovwira kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe ŵafike makora ku malo ghakuru gha mu vyaru vya mu vigaŵa vyakututuka.s.
Africa na vyaru vya caru cose
Caru ca Africa kumwera kwa Sahara, cimoza mwa vigaŵa vyaumaliro pa caru cose ico cikakhwaskika yayi na "maufumu gha caru", cikaŵa cakukondweska ku ŵamalonda. Mu nyengo iyo malonda gha Britain ghakatimbanizgikiranga comene, kweniso mu nyengo ya suzgo la ndalama (1873-1896), caru ca Africa cikapeleka ku Britain, Germany, France, na vyaru vinyake msika uwo ukaŵapa ndalama zinandi.
Chiyowoyero cha Chimbunda
Mazina na ng'anamuro lake
64. Kavindama meaning an unfortunate person.
Mgaŵano wa Afilika
Kupambana kwa ndyali
Nangauli mu vyaru vya mu Africa mukaŵa vyakurya vinandi yayi, kweni mu vyaru vinyake vikaŵa vinandi. Charu ichi chikaŵa pakati pa Eguputo na kumwera kwa Africa uko kukaŵa usambazi wa golide na dayamondi. Boma la Britain likakhumbanga kuti likhazikiske misika yiwemi ku India, Malaya, Australia, na New Zealand. Ntheura likakhumbanga kuti maji gha mu Suez Canal, agho ghakazengeka mu 1869, ghaŵe ghakukhora. Ndipouli, fundo yakuti Britain wakakhumbanga kunjizga East Africa mu ma 1880, cifukwa ca kughanaghana vya ku Eguputo (makamaka Suez Canal), yikususkika na ŵanthu ŵa mbiri nga ni John Darwin (1997) na Jonas F. Gjersø (2015). Ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ŵakakhumbanga kuti ŵatore malo gha ŵasilikari na ŵasilikari ŵa ku nyanja kuti ŵaŵe na mazaza. Chifukwa chakuti ŵasilikari ŵa ku nyanja ŵakamba kukura, kweniso ngalaŵa zaphya zikendanga na mphepo, pakakhumbikwanga malo ghakusungirako malibwe gha makara. Kweniso ŵakakhumbikwiranga mizi yakuvikililira misewu ya pa nyanja na nthowa zakwendamo, comenecomene misewu yakuzirwa ya pa caru cose nga ni Suez Canal. Ŵakawonanga vyaru nga ni vinthu vyakukhumbikwa pakudumbiskana vya nkhongono. Vyaru ivyo vikaŵa na ŵanthu ŵanandi, navyo vikaŵa na ŵasilikari ŵanandi; Britain na France ŵakagwiliskiranga ntchito ŵasilikari ŵanandi ŵa ku British Indian na North African, mu nkhondo zawo zinandi za ku malo agha. Mu nyengo ya kutemwa caru, ŵanthu ŵakakhumbanga kuti mtundu unyake uŵe na ufumu, ndipo ici cikaŵa cilongolero cakuti uli na udindo. Kukwambilira kwa ma 1880, Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza wakawonanga caru ca Congo ku France, ndipo panyengo yeneyiyo, Henry Morton Stanley nayo wakawonanga caru ici mu zina la Leopold II wa ku Belgium. Mu Meyi 1881, caru ca France cikapoka caru ca Tunisia, ndipo ici cikapangiska kuti Italy wanjire mu wupu wa German-Austrian Dual Alliance mu 1882. Mu chaka chenechicho, Britain likapoka caru ca Eguputo, ico cikalongozganga caru ca Sudan na vigaŵa vinyake vya Chad, Eritrea, na Somalia. Mu 1884, Germany yikati Togo, Cameroon, na South West Africa viŵenge pasi pa muwuso wake. Charu cha French West Africa chikapangika mu 1895 ndipo cha French Equatorial Africa mu 1910. Mu chigaŵa cha French Somaliland, mu 1889, Ŵakozaci ŵa ku Terek ŵakamba kulamulira malo ghanyake gha ku Russia agho ghakaŵa mu msumba wa Sagallo ku Eguputo.
Chiyowoyero cha Chimbunda
Mazina na ng'anamuro lake
65. Kavunda meaning a person who smears the concrete floor.
Bendorf am Rhein
Bendorf am Rhein ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Mgaŵano wa Afilika
Germany's Weltpolitik
Ku Germany, uko kukaŵa vyaru vichoko, pakwamba kukaŵavya ufumu wa vyaru vinyake. Mu 1862, Otto von Bismarck wakazgoka nduna ya Ufumu wa Prussia, ndipo cifukwa ca nkhondo zinandi izo wakacita na Austria mu 1866 na France mu 1870, wakawovwira kuti caru cose ca Germany ciŵe pasi pa muwuso wa Prussia. Ufumu wa Germany ukamba kulamulira pa Janyuwale 18, 1871. Pakwamba, Bismarck wakatinkhanga vyaru vinyake, kweni mu ma 1880, ŵanthu ŵakamba kumusuzga. Wakawovwira pa ungano wa ku Berlin uwo ukachitika mu 1884-85, uwo ukaŵa na malango ghakwendeskera vyaru vya mu Africa, na kuchepeska suzgo la nkhondo pakati pa maboma gha vyaru vinyake. Bismarck wakagwiliskiranga nchito makampani gha ŵanthu ŵacoko kuti wakhazikiske vyaru vinyake mu Africa na mu Pacific.
Kulimbana na ŵasilikari ŵa ku Germany kukaŵa kwakuyana waka na ivyo vikachitikanga mu caru ici. Kukwambilira kwa m'ma 1880, ŵakazenga German Colonialverein, ndipo ŵakafumiskanga nyuzipepara ya Kolonialzeitung. Gulu la ŵasilikari la Alldeutscher Verband nalo likakolerana na fundo iyi. Weltpolitik (ndondomeko ya caru cose) yikaŵa ndondomeko ya caru cose iyo yikacitika na Kaiser Wilhelm II mu 1890, na cilato cakuti Germany waŵe ufumu wankhongono pa caru cose. Mu 1914, charu cha Germany ndicho chikaŵa na ŵanthu ŵakukwana 14 miliyoni. Vyaru ivyo vikaŵa mu Africa vikaŵa kumwera kwa Africa, Togo, Cameroon, na Tanganyika. Mu 1905, caru ca Germany cikayezga kupatura caru ca France na nkhondo yakwamba ya ku Morocco. Ivi vikapangiska kuti pa ungano uwo ukachitikira ku Algeciras mu 1905, France yigeziske malo ghanyake mu Morocco.
Kukura kwa Italy
Nkhondo ya ku Crimean (1853-56) yikati yamara, ufumu wa Sardinia ukakhumbanga kuti ukoleranenge na caru ca Italy. Pamanyuma pa nkhondo na Austria mu 1859, Sardinia, pasi pa muwuso wa Giuseppe Garibaldi, wakamanya kuwunganya chigaŵa chikuru cha chilumba ichi mu 1861, na kukhazikiska Ufumu wa Italy. Pamasinda, Italy wakakhumbanga kusazgirako vigaŵa vyake na kuŵa ufumu wankhongono, ndipo mu 1870 na 1882 wakapoka vigaŵa vinyake vya Eritrea. Mu 1889-90, yikaŵa ku chigaŵa cha kumwera kwa Africa, ndipo yikaŵa chigaŵa icho chikazgoka Italian Somaliland. Mu 1889, apo Themba Yohannes IV likafwa, mulara wa ŵasilikari zina lake Oreste Baratieri wakakora malo gha ku Ethiopia agho ghakaŵa mumphepete mwa nyanja ya Eritrea. Nkhondo Yakwamba ya ku Italy na Ethiopia yikati yanangika mu 1895, ŵasilikari ŵa ku Italy ŵakathereskeka cifukwa cakuti Ŵaetiyopiya ŵakaŵa ŵanandi, ŵakaŵa ŵakunozgeka makora, kweniso ŵakakhozgekanga na Russia na France. Mu 1911, caru ca Italy cikaluta ku nkhondo na ufumu wa Ottoman, ndipo cikapoka Tripolitania na Cyrenaica. Mu 1919, Enrico Corradini wakambiska fundo ya Proletarian Nationalism, iyo yikwenera kuti yikovwira kuti ufumu wa Italy uŵe wakwenelera kwizira mu kusanganiska cisopa na cisopa: "Tikwenera kumanya kuti pali mitundu ya ŵanthu awo ŵakuchita vinthu mwakuyana na umo ŵanthu ŵakuchitira. Para ŵanthu ŵamanya fundo iyi, ŵakweneraso kukolerana na unenesko uwu: Italy ni caru ca ŵanthu ŵambura nchito.."
Chiyowoyero cha Chimbunda
Mazina na ng'anamuro lake
67. Kayando meaning a sufferer, trouble.
Mgaŵano wa Afilika
Kukura kwa Italy
Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya ku Italy na Abyssinia (1935-1936), iyo yikalangulika na Benito Mussolini, wakaŵa nkhondo yaumaliro ya ku Africa (iyo yikaŵa ya kuzenga charu chinyake, m'malo mwa nkhondo za kufwatura ŵanthu). Charu cha Italy cha Ethiopia chikapokeka na ŵasilikari ŵa Italy mu Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Caru Cose nga ni cigaŵa ca Italy East Africa nangauli chigaŵa cikuru ca mapiri cikaŵa cambura kulamulirika na Italy cifukwa ca ŵanthu ŵa Arbegnoch. Kuwukira caru ici ni ciyelezgero ciwemi comene ca umo ŵasilikari ŵa Axis ŵakacitiranga.
Congo
Ivyo David Livingstone wakacita, ivyo Henry Morton Stanley wakacitanga, vikakhozga maghanoghano gha Stanley pa nkhani ya kukoloneska caru. Kweni cifukwa ca masuzgo na vyakucitika ivyo vikakhumbikwanga, ŵanthu ŵakamovwira comene yayi. Kufuma mu 1869 m'paka 1874, Leopold II wakatuma Stanley ku chigaŵa cha Congo, uko wakachita mapangano na ŵalongozgi ŵanandi ŵa ku Africa mumphepete mwa Mlonga wa Congo.. Apo Stanley wakendanga mu vyaru vya ku Congo mu zina la Leopold II wa ku Belgium, Pierre de Brazza, uyo wakaŵa mulara wa ŵasilikari ŵa ku France na Italy, wakaluta ku chigaŵa cha kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Congo ndipo wakawuska ndembera ya France pa msumba wa Brazzaville mu 1881. Portugal nayo wakakhumbanga malo agha cifukwa ca phangano lakale na ufumu wa Kongo.
Borgentreich
Borgentreich ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Chiyowoyero cha Chimbunda
Mazina na ng'anamuro lake
69. Kayongo meaning the spirit of a deceased man.
70. Kathzungo (Kazungo) meaning noise or racket. Name of the 22nd Mbunda King who was installed by the Portuguese colonialists, after abducting King Mwene Mbandu I Lyondthzi Kapova, the 21st Monarch of Mbundaland in what is now Angola.
Bensheim
Bensheim ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Chiyowoyero cha Chimbunda
Mazina na ng'anamuro lake
71. Kufuna meaning to and fro. (Not Mbunda by origin but used today).
Belgern-Schildau
Belgern-Schildau ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Chiyowoyero cha Chimbunda
Mazina na ng'anamuro lake
72. Kalunga meaning God.
73. Kuunga meaning to gather.
74. Kuvangu, see Kawengo.
75. Lifuti meaning country. Name of the 23rd Mbunda King and the first to be installed by the Mbunda people after the restoration of the Mbunda monarchy in what is now Angola, since the abduction of the 21st Mbunda King who resisted the Portuguese occupation of Mbundaland in 1914.
76. Likonge meaning a kind of water grass.
Mgaŵano wa Afilika
Congo
Tippu, Muarabu wa ku Zanzibar uyo wakakhalanga mu Ufumu wa Zanzibar, nayo wakawovwirapo chomene pakuvikilira ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe. Wakati wakhazikiska ufumu wa malonda mu Zanzibar na vigaŵa vyapafupi mu East Africa, Tippu Tip wakasintha maghanoghano ghake ku vyaru ivyo vikaŵa na mazaza pa malo agha ndipo pa fundo ya Henry Morton Stanley, Tippu Tip wakazgoka kazembe wa "Stanley Falls District" (Boyoma Falls) mu boma la Leopold la Congo Free State, pambere wandanjire mu Nkhondo ya Congo-Arab against Leopold II's colonial state.
Borken (Hesse)
Borken (Hesse) ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Bad Mergentheim
Bad Mergentheim ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Mgaŵano wa Afilika
Congo
Kumanjiliro gha dazi, mu caru ico ŵakeneranga kukumana, kukaŵa Katanga, uko kukaŵa ufumu wa Yeke wa Msiri. Msiri wakaŵa fumu yankhongono comene mu cigaŵa ici ndipo wakaguliskanga mkuŵa, njovu, na ŵazga. Ku Katanga ndiko kukacitika nkhondo iyi. Mu 1890, Rhodes wakatuma ŵanthu ŵaŵiri ku Msiri, Alfred Sharpe, uyo ŵakamukana, na Joseph Thomson, awo ŵakatondeka kufika ku Katanga. Leopold wakatuma ŵasilikari ŵanayi. Chakwamba, gulu la Le Marinel likasanga waka kalata yambura kupulikikwa makora. Gulu la Delcommune likakanika. Gulu la ŵasilikari la Stairs, ilo likaŵa na vilwero viwemi, likapika ulongozgi wakuti lipokere Katanga kwali Msiri wazomerezge panji yayi. Msiri wakati wakana, ŵakamudinya, ndipo ŵakamudumura mutu na kumupayika pa khuni kuti ŵanthu ŵasambirepo. Gulu ilo likalongozganga pa Mlonga wa Bia likamalizga mulimo wa kukhazikiska boma na "ŵapolisi" mu Katanga. Mwantheura, chigaŵa cha Katanga icho chikaŵa na malo ghakukwana hafu ya miliyoni ghakaŵa gha Leopold ndipo ufumu wake wa ku Africa ukafika pa malo ghakukwana 2,300,000, agho ghakaŵa ghakuru kuluska Belgium kankhondi na kaŵiri. Boma la Congo Free State likaŵa na nkhaza zikuru chomene pa ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu vyaru vinyake, ndipo likakanizganga ŵanthu ŵanandi kugwira ntchito zinonono, mwakuti boma la Belgium, likati lakoserezgeka na wupu wakuchemeka Congo Reform Association, likamazga muwuso wa Leopold II na kuwunjika charu ichi pa Ogasiti 20, 1908. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakumanya kuti Themba Leopold II likachitiranga nkhaza ŵanthu ŵanandi mu charu icho kale chikaŵa pasi pake, cha Congo Free State. Roger Casement, uyo wakaŵa mulara wa vyaru vya Ireland, wakati pali vifukwa vikuru vinayi ivyo vikawovwilira kuti ŵanthu ŵafumemo mu vyaru ivi: "nkhondo yambura kujikora", njara, kuchepa kwa ŵana, na matenda. Matenda gha mu tulo ghakatimbanizga caru ici ndipo ghakwenera kughanaghanirika cifukwa ca kuchepa kwa ŵantu. Ŵanthu ŵakupambaniska chomene pa nkhani ya unandi wa awo ŵakafwa. Pakuti kalembera wakwamba wakacitika mu 1924, nchakusuzga kumanya unandi wa ŵanthu awo ŵakafwa. Lipoti la Casement likati ni 3 miliyoni. William Rubinstein wakalemba kuti: "Nadi, vikuwoneka kuti ivyo Hochschild wakayowoya ni vyautesi. Mbunenesko kuti palije umo tingasimikizgira unandi wa ŵanthu ŵa ku Congo pambere vyaka vya m'ma 1900 vindafike. Mu vigaŵa vinandi vya mu charu cha Congo mukaŵavya uyo wakamanya uko kukaŵa ŵanthu".
Ndimo vikaŵiraso mu charu cha French Congo, uko ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakasuzgikanga na matenda. Mu 1905, boma la France likimika komiti iyo yikalongozgekanga na De Brazza kuti yifufuze nkhani izo zikayowoyekanga kuti ŵanthu ŵakasuzgikanga. Ndipouli, de Brazza wakafwa pa ulendo wa kuwelera, ndipo lipoti lake likapelekeka yayi ku ŵanthu. Mu ma 1920, ŵanthu pafupifupi 20,000 awo ŵakacizgika kugwira nchito ŵakafwa pakuzenga njanji iyo yikajumphanga mu France.
Suez Canal
Kuti wazenga Suez Canal, Ferdinand de Lesseps wa ku France wakapokera vinthu vinandi kwa Isma'il Pasha, Khedive wa ku Egypt na Sudan mu 1854-56. Ŵanyake ŵakuti ŵanthu 30,000 ŵakazenga, kweni ŵanyake ŵakuti ŵanthu 120,000 ŵakafwa na njara, kutopa, na matenda, comenecomene kolera. Pambere ŵandamalizge kuzenga, mu 1869, Khedive Isma'il wakabwereka ndalama zinandi ku ŵanthu ŵa ku Britain na France. Kuzakafika mu 1875, wakaŵa na masuzgo gha ndalama ndipo wakeneranga kuguliska masheya agho wakaŵa nagho mu Suez Canal. Boma la Britain, ilo likaŵa pasi pa nduna yikuru Benjamin Disraeli, likakhumbanga kuti charu chake chiŵe na mazaza pa maji agha. Mu 1879, apo Isma'il wakaleka ngongoli ya Eguputo, Britain na France ŵakamba kulamulira charu ichi. Ŵalongozgi ŵa ku Eguputo na ku Sudan ŵakakondwa yayi kuti ŵanyawo ŵanjirengepo.
Nkhondo ya Mahdist
Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1870, ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe ŵakamba kulimbana na malonda gha ŵazga, ndipo ichi chikapangiska kuti ku mpoto kwa Sudan kuŵe suzgo la vyachuma. Mu 1881, ku Sudan kukawuka chigaluka cha Mahdist icho chikaŵa pasi pa muwuso wa Muhammad Ahmad. Mu chaka chenechicho, Tewfik wakasuzgika chomene na gulu la nkhondo la Ŵaeguputo. Mu 1882, Tewfik wakapempha ŵasilikari ŵa Britain kuti ŵamovwire, ndipo ŵakamba kulamulira Eguputo. Ŵasilikari ŵa Britain na Egypt ŵakanjira mu Nkhondo ya Mahdist. Kweniso chigaŵa cha Egypt cha Equatoria (chenechicho chili ku South Sudan) icho chikalongozgekanga na Emin Pasha nacho chikaŵa pasi pa mulimo wa Emin Pasha wa kovwira ŵasilikari ŵa Mahdist. Ŵasilikari ŵa Britain na Eguputo ŵakathereska ŵasilikari ŵa Mahdi ku Sudan mu 1898. Kufuma apo, Britain yikamba kulamulira caru ca Sudan, ico cikacemekanga kuti Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.
Berlin Conference (1884–1885)
Kupoka caru ca Egupto na Congo vikaŵa vyakucitika vikuru comene vyakwambilira vya nkhondo ya ku Africa. Mu 1884, Otto von Bismarck wakacema ungano wa ku Berlin uwo ukacitika mu 1884-1885 kuti wadumbiskane suzgo la ku Africa. Apo ŵakadumbiskananga vya kumazga malonda gha ŵazga ndiposo umo ŵamishonale ŵangapharazgira ku vyaru vinyake, awo ŵakiza ku ungano uwu ŵakafipiranga mtima comene kuti ŵaleke kurwa nkhondo na ŵamazaza ŵa ku Europe. Cakuzirwa comene nchakuti ŵadipulomatesi ŵa ku Berlin ŵakanozga malango agho ghakaŵa ghakovwira ŵamazaza kuti ŵasange vyaru vinyake. Kweniso ŵakakolerana kuti chigaŵa icho chikaŵa mumphepete mwa Mlonga wa Congo chiŵenge pasi pa muwuso wa Leopold II. Palije mtundu uwo ukeneranga kupoka caru ca Africa kwambura kuphalira ŵamazaza ŵanyakeso. Pakaŵavya cigaŵa ico cikaŵa cakwenelera kupoka pambere ŵandambe kucikora. Ndipouli, awo ŵakachitanga maseŵera ŵakasulako malango, ndipo nyengo zinandi nkhondo yikaŵa pafupi kumara. Vyaru vya Swahili vya ku Zanzibar vikagaŵikana pakati pa Germany na Britain, ndipo pakwamba vikatenge viŵenge vyekha mpaka mu 1890.
Boma la Britain ku Egypt na South Africa
Boma la Britain likati lakhala ku Eguputo na ku Cape Colony, ŵanthu ŵakamba kufipa mtima chomene na uko mlonga wa Nayelo ukufuma. Mu 1882, Ŵacigiriki ŵakatora caru ca Eguputo, ndipo ufumu wa Ottoman ukakhala waka mu caru ici mpaka mu 1914, apo London ukawuzgora ufumu wakuvikilirika. Eguputo wakaŵa wakukolerana yayi na Britain. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1890 na kuuyambiro wa vyaka vya m'ma 1900, charu cha Sudan, Nigeria, Kenya, na Uganda vikaŵa pasi pa mazaza gha ŵanthu ŵa ku Cape. Theophilus Shepstone wakatoraso caru ca South Africa mu 1877 na kuŵa ca ufumu wa Britain. Mu 1879, pamanyuma pa Nkhondo ya Anglo-Zulu, Britain yikakhozga mazaza ghake pa vigaŵa vinandi vya South Africa. Ŵaburu ŵakasuska, ndipo mu Disembala 1880 ŵakagaluka, ndipo ivi vikapangiska kuti paŵe Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Ŵaburu. Pa 23 Malichi, 1881, William Gladstone, uyo wakaŵa nduna yikuru ya Britain, wakalemba phangano la mtende. Kuwukira kwa Jameson mu 1895 kukaŵa kuyezgayezga kwa British South Africa Company na Johannesburg Reform Committee kuti ŵathereske boma la Boer mu Transvaal. Nkhondo yaciŵiri ya ŵa Boer, iyo yikacitika pakati pa 1899 na 1902, yikaŵa ya kuwusa nchito za golide na daimondi; ma republics gha ŵa Boer gha Orange Free State na South African Republic ghakathereskeka na kunjizgika mu ufumu wa Britain.
Ŵasilikari ŵa ku France ŵakanjira mu vyaru vya mu Africa kufuma ku West Africa (uko sono ni Senegal) na kuluta kumafumiro gha dazi, kujumpha mu Sahel m'paka ku mphaka ya kumwera kwa Sahara. Chilato chawo chikaŵa chakuti ŵalutilire kulamulira kufuma ku Mlonga wa Niger m'paka ku Nile, ndipo ŵakendeskanga malonda ghose agho ghakafumanga na kuluta ku Sahel. Kweni ŵa ku Britain ŵakakhumbanga kuti malo agho ŵakaŵa nagho kumwera kwa Africa ghaŵe pamoza na malo agho ŵakaŵa nagho kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Africa. Charu cha Sudan (uko sono ni Uganda) ndicho chikawovwira kuti vinthu ivi vicitike, comenecomene apo Eguputo wakaŵa pasi pa Britain. Cecil Rhodes ndiyo wakamanya comene za "mzere uswesi" uwo ukujumpha mu Africa. Padera pa Lord Milner, uyo wakaŵa mulara wa boma la Britain ku South Africa, Rhodes wakawoneseska kuti ku South Africa kuŵe ufumu wa "Cape to Cairo", uwo ukakolerananga na njanji ya Suez Canal na South Africa. Nangauli caru ca Tanganyika cikapokelereka na ŵa German m'paka paumaliro wa Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Caru Cose, kweni Rhodes wakathereska caru ici.
Gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa ku France la Jean-Baptiste Marchand ndilo likamba kufika ku Fashoda. Ŵasilikari ŵa ku France ŵakafumapo ndipo ŵakalutilira kupempha malo ghanyake mu cigaŵa ici. Cakucitika ca Fashoda cikapangiska kuti paŵe phangano la Entente Cordiale la 1904, ilo likapeleka mtende pakati pa ŵaŵiri aŵa.
Phangano la Anglo-French
Mu 1890, Britain na France ŵakamazga mphindano ya vyaru ivyo ŵakakhalanga. Kuyana na umo caru ca France cikapokeleranga mazaza gha Britain pa Zanzibar, ufumu wa Britain ukazomera kuti France ndiyo uli na mazaza pa caru ca Madagascar kweniso kuti ndiwo uli na mazaza pa caru ca North Africa, m'paka ku Sokoto. Ndipouli, chikaŵa chakusuzga kuti munthu wasange mphaka iyi kwambura mapu ghakuru.
Moroccan Crises
Nangauli Ungano wa ku Berlin ukaŵa kuti waŵika malango gha nkhondo ya ku Africa, kweni ukaŵatondeska yayi ŵasilikari awo ŵakalimbananga nawo. Chifukwa cha phangano la Entente Cordiale, themba la Germany likaghanaghana vya kuyezga mazaza ghake mwa kugwiliskira nchito caru ca Morocco. Kaiser Wilhelm II wakaluta ku Tangier pa 31 March 1905 ndipo wakayowoya nkhani yakukhozgera wanangwa wa Morocco. Mu 1904, caru ca Britain na Spain vikazomerezga kuti caru ca France ciŵepo. Ivyo Kaiser wakayowoya vikakhozga mtima wa caru ca France, ndipo cifukwa ca wovwiri wa Britain, Théophile Delcassé, nduna ya vyaru vya kuwaro ya France, wakakana. Suzgo ili likakura comene pakati pa Juni 1905, apo Delcassé wakacimbizgika na nduna yikuru Maurice Rouvier. Kweni mu Julayi 1905, caru ca Germany cikaŵa kuti capatukana na ŵasilikari ŵa boma la France, ndipo ŵakazomerezga kuti paŵe ungano uwo uzamumazga suzgo ili. Pa ungano uwo ukacitikira ku Algeciras mu 1906, ŵakadumura kuti nkhani iyi yimare. Pa vyaru 13 ivyo vikaŵapo, ŵimiliri ŵa Germany ŵakasanga kuti Austria-Hungary ndiyo yikaŵa yekha muwukirano wawo. Boma la Britain, U.S.A., Russia, Italy, na Spain, vikawovwira comene caru ca France. Paumaliro, Ŵachijeremani ŵakakolerana na phangano ilo likalembeka pa Meyi 31, 1906, ilo likati France lichitengepo kanthu pa vinthu vinyake mu Morocco, kweni likalutilira kulamulira vigaŵa vikuruvikuru.
Ndipouli, pati pajumpha vyaka vinkhondi, Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya ku Morocco (panji Nkhondo ya ku Agadir) yikamba apo boti la German Panther likaluta ku Agadir mu Julayi 1911. Boma la Germany likakhumbanga kuti ŵasilikari ŵa ku Britain ŵalutilire kuŵa na mazaza pa nkhondo. Ŵanalume ŵa ku Britain ŵakati ŵapulika kuti ŵasilikari ŵa Panther ŵafika ku Morocco, ŵakaghanaghana kuti Ŵachijeremani ŵakukhumba kuzgora Agadir kuŵa msasa wa ŵasilikari ŵa ku Atlantic. Chilato cha boma la Germany chikaŵa chakuti liŵape ndalama zakukwana kuti ŵaŵe na mazaza pa ufumu wa ku North Africa. Mu Novembala 1911, ŵakakolerana kuti charu cha Germany chizomere malo gha France mu Morocco kuti chipeleke chigaŵa chinyake ku Middle Congo.
Pa 30 Malichi, 1912, France na Spain ŵakamba kulamulira Morocco. Kweniso, cifukwa cakuti Britain yikawovwira caru ca France pa nyengo ya nkhondo ziŵiri izo zikacitika ku Morocco, vikakhozga ubwezi pakati pa vyaru viŵiri ivi.
Nkhondo za Ŵaherero na Kuwukira kwa Maji Maji
Pakati pa 1904 na 1908, vyaru ivyo vikaŵa pasi pa Germany, ku German South West Africa na German East Africa, vikasuzgika na ŵanthu awo ŵakagalukira boma lawo. Mu vigaŵa vyose viŵiri ivi, ŵalwani ŵa boma la Germany ŵakathereskeka mwaluŵiro apo ŵasilikari ŵa ku Germany ŵakiza. Ŵasilikari ŵa Herero ku German South West Africa ŵakathereskeka pa Nkhondo ya Waterberg, ndipo Ŵasilikari ŵa Maji-Maji ku German East Africa ŵakasuzgika na ŵasilikari ŵa Germany.
Ŵalongozgi ŵa vigaŵa
IMu nyengo yakwambilira, ufumu wa ŵeneco ukaŵa mulimo wa ŵanthu awo ŵakendanga mu vyaru vinyake na ŵamalonda ŵanyake. Maufumu agho ghakaŵa na mazaza pa vyaru vinyake ghakaŵa kutali comene na kuzomerezga vinthu vyakudura ivyo vikacitikanga mu vyaru vinyake. Ŵalongozgi ŵanandi ŵa ndyali, nga ni William Gladstone, ŵakasuskanga boma la Britain. Ndipouli, apo wakaŵa nduna yikuru pakati pa 1880 na 1885, wakatondeka kulimbana na ŵasilikari ŵa mu boma lake, ndipo wakaleka kufiska ivyo wakalayizga. Nangauli Gladstone wakasuskanga fundo za ufumu, kweni masuzgo agho ghakaŵapo chifukwa cha suzgo la ndalama ghakamupangiska kuti wakondweske fundo za boma. Mu France, Georges Clemenceau, wandale wa ku France, wakakananga comene: wakaghanaghananga kuti ukoloni ukufumako ku "mzere wa buluu wa mapiri gha Vosges", ndiko kuti, kuwukira caru na kukhumba kuwuskako caru ca Alsace-Lorraine ico cikapokeka na Ufumu wa Germany na phangano la Frankfurt mu 1871. Clemenceau ndiyo wakacitiska kuti Jules Ferry waleke kuwusa cifukwa ca ngozi ya mu 1885 ku Tonkin. Hannah Arendt wakalemba mu buku lake lakuti The Origins of Totalitarianism (1951), kuti kuthandazgika kwa mazaza gha ŵanthu ŵa mu vyaru vinyake kukususkana na umoza wa boma ilo likupeleka wanangwa wa kukhala mu charu ichi. Ntheura, pakamba kuŵa mphindano pakati pa ŵanthu awo ŵakakhumbanga kuti ŵanthu wose ŵacindikenge wanangwa wa ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu vyaru vinyake, awo ŵakuwoneka nga "mbanthu" ŵa boma, na ŵamazaza awo ŵakakhumbanga kusuzga ŵanthu awo ŵakawonekanga kuti mbambura kwenelera. Ŵanyake mu vyaru ivyo vikaŵa na ŵazga ŵakasuskanga vinthu ivyo ŵakaviwonanga kuti ni viheni yayi ivyo boma la ŵazga likachitanga para ŵaleka kuvilondezga.
Kupharazga na kusopa ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yinyake
Mabuku ghanandi agho ghakayowoyanga vya ŵakoloni, maghanoghano ghawo, na vithuzithuzi vyawo, ghakawovwira ŵakaronga kuti ŵagomezge kuti ŵanthu ŵakutemwa chomene vyaru vyawo. Cimanyikwiro ca caru ca France ico cikaŵa mu nyengo ya kuuyambiro kwa vyaka vya m'ma 1800 na m'ma 1900, cikaŵa mulimo wa kuzgora ŵanthu kuŵa ŵalusungu. Ntheura, ŵalara ŵa boma la France ŵakachitanga ndyali za ku France na Europe mu vyaru vya France, chomenechomene ku French West Africa na Madagascar. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1800, ŵanthu ŵa mu vyaru vinayi ivyo vikaŵa pasi pa boma la France, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Guyanne, Réunion, kweniso ŵanthu ŵa mu vyaru vinayi vya Senegal, ŵakapika wanangwa wa kuŵa ŵimiliri ŵa Nyumba ya Malango. Kanandi ŵanthu awo ŵakasankhikanga ŵakaŵa Ŵachifurenci ŵatuŵa, nangauli pakaŵaso ŵanthu ŵafipa nga ni Blaise Diagne wa ku Senegal, uyo wakasankhika mu 1914..
Chiyowoyero cha Chimbunda
Mazina na ng'anamuro lake
77. Liongo meaning a river reed.
Bad Langensalza
Bad Langensalza ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Baiersdorf
Baiersdorf ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Chiyowoyero cha Chimbunda
Mazina na ng'anamuro lake
78. Livindamo meaning an unlucky village or place.
79. Luvinda meaning hard luck or misfortune.
80. Liwoyo meaning racket, noise.
81. Lumbala is the name of a river in eastern Angola.
Bad Harzburg
Bad Harzburg ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Borken, North Rhine-Westphalia
Borken, North Rhine-Westphalia ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Chiyowoyero cha Chimbunda
Mazina na ng'anamuro lake
82. Liato (Lyato) meaning a big canoe.
Bad Liebenstein
Bad Liebenstein ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Chiyowoyero cha Chimbunda
Mazina na ng'anamuro lake
83. Liunda (Lyunda) meaning grove.
Berching
Berching ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Chiyowoyero cha Chimbunda
Mazina na ng'anamuro lake
84. Maamba meaning evil spirits possessing people.
Baesweiler
Baesweiler ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Chiyowoyero cha Chimbunda
Mazina na ng'anamuro lake
85. Makayi meaning bracelets.
86. Makalu meaning a brave person.
87. Makuwa from (kulikuwa) meaning someone who shouts when rejoicing.
88. Maliti meaning a type of rifle, a single loader.
89. Manjolo meaning tubular anklets.
90. Manyenga meaning a worried person, also means to render fat.