cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Zambia
Sports and games
Mu Zambia, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakutemwa comene maseŵero gha bola, ndipo timu ya ku Zambia yikuŵa na viwemi vinandi. Pa maseŵero gha ku Seoul mu 1988, timu ya charu ichi yikathereska timu ya ku Italy na mavoti 4 ̊0. Kalusha Bwalya, uyo wakaŵa wakumanyikwa comene pa maseŵero gha ku Zambia, ndipo njumoza wa ŵanthu ŵakumanyikwa comene pa maseŵero gha ku Africa, wakalemba chiphalizgano ici. Ndipouli, mpaka lero, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuyowoya kuti timu yiwemi comene iyo Zambia yikaŵa nayo yikafwa pa Epulero 28, 1993, apo ndege yikawa ku Libreville, Gabon. Nangauli vikaŵa nthena, kweni mu 1996, charu cha Zambia chikaŵa pa nambara 15 pa nambara ya FIFA World Football Team. Mu chaka cha 2012, Zambia yikathereskeka kaŵiri pa mpikisano wa African Cup of Nations. Ŵakathereska Cote d'Ivoire na 8-7 pa penalty shoot-out paumaliro, uwo ukacitikira ku Libreville, mtunda wa makilomita ghacoko waka kufuma apo ndege yikawira vyaka 19 kumasinda. Mu chaka cha 2017, Zambia yikapokelera na kuthereska chiphalizgano cha mpira cha Pan-African U-20 African Cup of Nation ku wosewera ŵa vyaka 20 na pasi.
Bona, Phalombe
Bona ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Phalombe,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Zambia
Sports and games
Mu Zambia, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakutemwa maseŵero nga ni rugby, nkhonya, na cricket. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 2000, timu ya rugby ya ku Australia na South Africa yikaŵa na ŵasepuka awo ŵakababikira mu chipatala chimoza cha ku Lusaka. Mpaka mu 2014, Roan Antelope Rugby Club mu Luanshya yikaŵa na Guinness World Record ya malo ghapachanya chomene pa charu chose gha rugby union. Mbiri iyi sono yili na Wednesbury Rugby Club.
Mu 2011, ku Zambia kukaŵa maseŵero gha nambara 10 gha ku Africa. Sitediyamu ya ku Lusaka yikeneranga kuŵa na ŵanthu 70,000, apo ma sitediyamu ghanyake ghaŵiri ghakaŵa na ŵanthu 50,000. Boma likakhwimiska maboma kuti ghaŵikeko mtima pakuzenga malo gha maseŵero agha cifukwa ca kusoŵa ndalama za boma. Nyengo yikati yajumphapo, Zambia yikaleka kuchitiska maseŵero gha ku Africa mu 2011, chifukwa cha kusoŵa ndalama. Mwantheura, caru ca Mozambique cikapokelera ungano uwu.
Zambia yikapangaso munthu wakudanga wa ku Africa (Madalitso Muthiya) uyo wakaseŵera mu United States Golf Open, yimoza mwa viphalizgano vikuru vinayi vya gofu.
Mu 1989, timu ya basketball ya mu caru ici yikacita makora comene apo yikafikapo pa FIBA Africa Championship ndipo yikamalizga mu magulu 10 gha ku Africa.
Music and dance
Chikhalidwe cha Zambia chakhala gawo lofunikira pakukula kwawo pambuyo pa ufulu monga kuwukira kwa midzi yachikhalidwe ndi malo osungiramo zinthu zakale. Sumu iyo yikapangiska kuvina ni cigaŵa ca mitheto yawo ndipo yikulongora utozi wa umoyo wa ku Zambia, kwambira na viwoneskero vya matambulara agho ghakuyowoya mpaka ku matambulara gha Kamangu agho ghakugwiliskirika nchito pakumanyiska kwamba kwa ciphikiro ca Malaila. Kuvina kukuwovwira kuti ŵanthu ŵaŵe ŵakukolerana.
Ukaboni
<references group="" responsive="1">
Lorenzo Batlle
Lorenzo Batlle (1810–1887)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Uruguay kufuma pa 1 March 1868	 mpaka pa 1 March 1872.
Matawa, Phalombe
Matawa ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Phalombe,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Syanno
Syanno ni msumba mu charu cha Belarus mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Tomás Gomensoro Albín
Tomás Gomensoro Albín (1810–1900)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Uruguay kufuma pa 1 March 1872	 mpaka pa 1 March 1873.
Chanya la Themba
Chanya la Themba (Jupiter; chimanyikwiro: ) ni chanya la Zuŵa.
Chashniki
Chashniki ni msumba mu charu cha Belarus mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Manuel Basilio Bustamante
Manuel Basilio Bustamante (1785–1863)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Uruguay kufuma pa 10 September 1855	 mpaka pa 15 February 1856.
Sharkawshchyna
Sharkawshchyna ni msumba mu charu cha Belarus mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Zemendorf-Stöttera
Zemendorf-Stöttera ni msumba mu boma la Burgenland mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Wolfau
Wolfau ni msumba mu boma la Burgenland mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Mbiri ya Cuba yakwambilila
Mbiri ya Cuba (Spanish: Revolución Cubana) ukaŵa usintho wakujilamulila pawekha wa Cuba na ulongozgi wa Fidel Castro na ŵanyakhe pa Msintho wa pa 26 Julayi uwo ukalimbana na ulamulilo wa mlongozgi wa panyengo iyo zina lake Fulgencio Batista.Msintho uwu ukayamba mu Julayi,1953 ndipo ukapitilila wa Batista pa 31 Disembala 1958,kukhala bom mmalo mwake.
Facebook
Facebook ni malo ghakuchezgelapo agho ghali pa internet mu chalo cha America agho ghakuoneleleka na Meta Platforms.Facebook ikyambika na Mark Zuckerberg na wanyakhe awo wakasambilanga nawo lumoza pa sukulu yaumalilo ya Harvard College awo mazina ghawo ni : Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz, na Chris Hughes.
Wiesfleck
Wiesfleck ni msumba mu boma la Burgenland mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Lorenzo Latorre
Lorenzo Latorre (1844–1916)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Uruguay kufuma pa 10 March 1876	 mpaka pa 1 March 1879, kweneso pa 1 March 1879	 mpaka pa 15 March 1880.
Chazinga, Phalombe
Chazinga ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Phalombe,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Chanya la Nthuzi
Chanya la Nthuzi (Pluto; vimanyikwiro: na ) ni chanya la Zuŵa. Ni muchoko chomene pakuyaniska na machanya ghanyake ndipo ghakucemeka "chanya chachoko".
Chanya la Movwili
Chanya la Movwili (Uranus; vimanyikwiro: na ) ni chanya la Zuŵa.
José Eugenio Ellauri
José Eugenio Ellauri (1834–1894)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Uruguay kufuma pa 1 March 1873	 mpaka pa 22 January 1875.
Chanya la Vidinda
Chanya la Vidinda (Neptune; chimanyikwiro: ) ni chanya la Zuŵa.
Gamba, Rumphi
Gamba, Rumphi ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Rumphi, mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Zillingtal
Zillingtal ni msumba mu boma la Burgenland mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Chimbiri, Phalombe
Chimbiri ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Phalombe,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Pedro Varela
Pedro Varela (1837–1906)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Uruguay kufuma pa 15 February 1868	 mpaka pa 1 March 1868.
Verkhnyadzvinsk
Verkhnyadzvinsk ni msumba mu charu cha Belarus mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Dzenje II, Phalombe
Dzenje II ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Phalombe,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Dindi, Phalombe
Dindi ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Phalombe,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Kasyololo, Chitipa
Kasyololoni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Chitipa,mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Mulyezi, Rumphi
Mulyezi ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Rumphi, mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Sinking Spring
Sinking Spring ni muzi uchoko mu chigawa cha Ohio,chalo cha United States ndipo unandi wa wanthu ukawa 133 mu 2010.
Klimavichy
Klimavichy ni msumba mu charu cha Belarus mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Wörterberg
Wörterberg ni msumba mu boma la Burgenland mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Chinjika, Phalombe
Chinjika ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Phalombe,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Kaziwiziwi, Rumphi
Kaziwiziwi ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Rumphi, mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Khongoloni, Phalombe
Khongoloni ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Phalombe,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Bykhaw
Bykhaw ni msumba mu charu cha Belarus mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Madunda, Chitipa
Madundani zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Chitipa,mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Mfulu, Rumphi
Mfulu ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Rumphi, mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Wulkaprodersdorf
Wulkaprodersdorf ni msumba mu boma la Burgenland mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Francisco Antonino Vidal
Francisco Antonino Vidal (1825–1889)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Uruguay kufuma pa 15 March 1880	 mpaka pa 1 March 1882.
Máximo Tajes
Máximo Tajes (1852–1912)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Uruguay kufuma pa 18 November 1886	 mpaka pa 1 March 1890.
Khanaja, Phalombe
Khanaja ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Phalombe,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Chithumbwi, Phalombe
Chithumbwi ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Phalombe,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Zagersdorf
Zagersdorf ni msumba mu boma la Burgenland mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Shklow
Shklow ni msumba mu charu cha Belarus mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Kakasu, Chitipa
Kakasuni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Chitipa,mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Kapiri, Rumphi
Kapiri ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Rumphi, mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Kastsyukovichy
Kastsyukovichy ni msumba mu charu cha Belarus mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Muzimelo, Chitipa
Muzimeloni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Chitipa,mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Lihaka, Phalombe
Lihaka ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Phalombe,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Duncan Stewart
Duncan Stewart (1833–1923)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Uruguay kufuma pa 1 March 1894	 mpaka 21 March 1894.
Afritz am See
Afritz am See ni msumba mu boma la Carinthia mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Nkhwangu, Rumphi
Nkhwangu ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Rumphi,mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Zhytkavichy
Zhytkavichy ni msumba mu charu cha Belarus mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Feliciano Viera
Feliciano Viera (1872–1927)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Uruguay kufuma pa 1 March 1915	 mpaka pa 1 March 1919.
Nahayombo, Chitipa
Nahayomboni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Chitipa,mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Baltasar Brum
Baltasar Brum (1883–1933)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Uruguay kufuma pa 1 March 1919	 mpaka pa 1 March 1923.
Likanani, Phalombe
Likanani ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Phalombe,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Albeck, Carinthia
Albeck, Carinthia ni msumba mu boma la Carinthia mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
José Batlle y Ordóñez
José Batlle y Ordóñez (1856–1929)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Uruguay kufuma pa 15 February 1899	 mpaka pa 1 March 1899.
Migowi, Phalombe
Migowi ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Phalombe,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Juan Idiarte Borda
Juan Idiarte Borda (1844–1897)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Uruguay kufuma pa 21 March 1894	 mpaka pa 25 August 1897.
Juan Lindolfo Cuestas
Juan Lindolfo Cuestas (1837–1905)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Uruguay kufuma pa 25 August 1897 mpaka pa 	10 February 1898,kweneso kufuma pa 10 February 1898	 mpaka pa 15 February 1899.
Chavusy
Chavusy ni msumba mu charu cha Belarus mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Linguni, Phalombe
Linguni ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Phalombe,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
José Serrato
José Serrato (1868–1960)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Uruguay kufuma pa 1 March 1923	 mpaka pa 1 March 1927.
Mambala, Phalombe
Mambala ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Phalombe,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Arnoldstein
Arnoldstein ni msumba mu boma la Carinthia mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Mbembembe, Phalombe
Mbembembe ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Phalombe,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Althofen
Althofen ni msumba mu boma la Carinthia mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Juan Campisteguy
Juan Campisteguy (1859–1937)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Uruguay kufuma pa 1 March 1927	 mpaka pa 1 March 1931.
Longwe, Phalombe
Longwe ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Phalombe,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Mianga, Phalombe
Mianga ni zina la malo kweneso sukulu yakwamba iyo ikusangika mu boma la Phalombe,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Kasoŵa, Chitipa
Kasoŵa ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Chitipa,mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Gabriel Terra
Gabriel Terra (1873–1942)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Uruguay kufuma pa 1 March 1931	 mpaka pa 31 March 1933,kweneso kufuma pa 31 March 1933	 mpaka 18 May 1934,na kufuma pa 18 May 1934 mpaka pa 	19 June 1938.
Luis Batlle Berres
Luis Batlle Berres (1897–1964)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Uruguay kufuma pa 2 August 1947	 mpaka pa 1 March 1951.
Michesi, Phalombe
Michesi ni zina la malo kweneso sukulu yakwamba iyo ikusangika mu boma la Phalombe,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Alfredo Baldomir
Alfredo Baldomir (1884–1948)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Uruguay kufuma pa 19 June 1938	 mpaka pa 21 February 1942,kweneso kufuma pa 21 February 1942	 mpaka pa 1 March 1943.
Juan José de Amézaga
Juan José de Amézaga (1881–1956)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Uruguay kufuma pa 1 March 1943	 mpaka pa 1 March 1947.
Tomás Berreta
Tomás Berreta (1875–1947)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Uruguay kufuma pa 1 March 1947	 mpaka pa 2 August 1947.
Bad Kleinkirchheim
Bad Kleinkirchheim ni msumba mu boma la Carinthia mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Betere, Rumphi
Betere ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Rumphi, mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Chandamale, Rumphi
Chandamale ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Rumphi, mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Nthenda
Nthenda nkhuleka kuŵa makola kwa chinthu chamoyo uko kukunanga kuŵa makola kwa chinthu.
Musyembele, Chitipa
Musyembeleni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Chitipa,mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Mitekete, Phalombe
Mitekete ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Phalombe,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Arriach
Arriach ni msumba mu boma la Carinthia mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Alberto Demicheli
Alberto Demicheli (1896–1980)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Uruguay kufuma pa 12 June 1976	 mpaka pa 1 September 1976.
Chisanga, Rumphi
Chisanga, Rumphi ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Rumphi, mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Monjo, Phalombe
Monjo ni zina la malo kweneso sukulu yakwamba iyo ikusangika mu boma la Phalombe,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Jorge Pacheco Areco
Jorge Pacheco Areco (1920–1998)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Uruguay kufuma pa 6 December 1967	 mpaka pa 1 March 1972.
Chaguwu, Rumphi
Chaguwu ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Rumphi, mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Juan María Bordaberry
Juan María Bordaberry (1928–2011)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Uruguay kufuma pa 27 June 1973	 mpaka pa 12 June 1976.
Bad Sankt Leonhard im Lavanttal
Bad Sankt Leonhard im Lavanttal ni msumba mu boma la Carinthia mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Gregorio Conrado Álvarez
Gregorio Conrado Álvarez (1925–2016)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Uruguay kufuma pa 1 September 1981 mpaka pa 	12 February 1985.
Mpata, Phalombe
Mpata ni zina la malo kweneso sukulu yakwamba iyo ikusangika mu boma la Phalombe,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Mwanga,Phalombe
Mwanga ni zina la malo kweneso sukulu yakwamba iyo ikusangika mu boma la Phalombe,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Aparicio Méndez
Aparicio Méndez (1904–1988)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Uruguay kufuma pa 1 September 1976	 mpaka pa 1 September 1981.
Baldramsdorf
Baldramsdorf ni msumba mu boma la Carinthia mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Kakoma, Chitipa
Kakoma zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Chitipa,mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Ntchelenje, Chitipa
Ntchelenjeni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Chitipa,mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Nakhwikwi, Phalombe
Nakhwikwi ni zina la malo kweneso sukulu yakwamba iyo ikusangika mu boma la Phalombe,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Kabanje, Chitipa
Kabanjeni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Chitipa,mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Bad Bleiberg
Bad Bleiberg ni msumba mu boma la Carinthia mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Rafael Addiego Bruno
Rafael Addiego Bruno (1923–2014)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Uruguay kufuma pa 12 February 1985	 mpaka pa 1 March 1985.
Kentucky
Kentucky ni msumba wa ku USA
Mileme,Phalombe
Mileme ni zina la malo kweneso sukulu yakwamba iyo ikusangika mu boma la Phalombe,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Andrés Martínez Trueba
Andrés Martínez Trueba (1884–1959)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Uruguay kufuma pa 1 March 1951	 mpaka pa 1 March 1952.
Nduna ya zinduna
Nduna ya zinduna ndiyo mlongozgi wa charu mlala ku vyaru vinyakhe ivo mlongozgi mlala ŵakumchema president chara
Óscar Diego Gestido
Óscar Diego Gestido (1901–1967)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Uruguay kufuma pa 1 March 1967	 mpaka pa 6 December 1967.
Berg im Drautal
Berg im Drautal ni msumba mu boma la Carinthia mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Muloza, Phalombe
Muloza ni zina la malo kweneso sukulu yakwamba iyo ikusangika mu boma la Phalombe,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Chimulu, Rumphi
Chimulu, Rumphi ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Rumphi, mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Mwanyenga,Phalombe
Mwanyenga ni zina la malo kweneso sukulu yakwamba iyo ikusangika mu boma la Phalombe,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Champhera, Rumphi
Champhera ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Rumphi, mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Kasongwe, Rumphi
Kasongwe ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Rumphi, mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
José Mujica
José Mujica (kubabika 1935)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Uruguay kufuma pa 1 March 2010	 mpaka pa 1 March 2015.
Luis Alberto Lacalle
Luis Alberto Lacalle (kubabika 1941)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Uruguay kufuma pa 1 March 1990	 mpaka pa 1 March 1995.
Mo farah
Sir Mohamed Muktar Jama Farah CBE OLY (pakubabika: Hussein Abdi Kahin; 23 Malichi 1983) ni mngelezi wakupikisa mpikisano ya ku chimbila.
Jorge Batlle
Jorge Batlle (1927–2016)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Uruguay kufuma pa 1 March 2000	 mpaka pa 1 March 2005.
Sasasa, Rumphi
Sasasa ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Rumphi,mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Munonono, Rumphi
Munonono ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Rumphi, mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Texas
Texas ni boma la mu charu cha USA.
Kwamasambilo
Kwamasambilo ndiko ku wupu lililose ilo likusambizga ŵanthu.
Bleiburg
Bleiburg ni msumba mu boma la Carinthia mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Malawa, Chitipa
Malawani zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Chitipa,mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Kwamasambilo ghaunkhwantha
Kwamasambilo ghaunkhwantha ndiko ku wupu lililose ilo likusambizga ŵanthu masambilo ghaukhwantha.
Julio María Sanguinetti
Julio María Sanguinetti (kubabika 1936)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Uruguay kufuma pa 1 March 1985	 mpaka pa 1 March 1990.
Kwamasambilo ghaunkhwantha ghaulimi na vipangili vyaulegiwa kwaku Lilongwe
Uku ndiko kwamasambilo ghaunkhwantha mu msumba wa Lilongwe ku Malawi
Dellach
Dellach ni msumba mu boma la Carinthia mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Negasso Gidada
Negasso Gidada (1943–2019)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Ethiopia kufuma pa 22 August 1995	 mpaka 8 October 2001.
Naftali Bennett
Naftali Bennett ndiyo mlongozgi wa charu cha Israel.
Namasoko, Phalombe
Namasoko ni zina la malo kweneso sukulu yakwamba iyo ikusangika mu boma la Phalombe,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Tabaré Vázquez
Tabaré Vázquez (1940–2020)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Uruguay kufuma pa 1 March 2005	 mpaka pa 1 March 2010.
Ilanga, Chitipa
Ilangani zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Chitipa,mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Ngalaghala, Rumphi
Ngalaghala ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Rumphi, mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Kwamasambilo ghachiŵili
Kwamasambilo ghachiŵili ndiko ku wupu lililose ilo likusambizga ŵanthu masambilo ghachiŵili.
Meles Zenawi
Meles Zenawi (1955–2012)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Ethiopia kufuma pa 28 May 1991	 mpaka pa 22 August 1995.
Mengistu Haile Mariam
Mengistu Haile Mariam (kubabika 1937)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Ethiopia kufuma pa 10 September 1987 mpaka pa 	21 May 1991.
Kafola, Chitipa
Kafolani zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Chitipa,mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Deutsch-Griffen
Deutsch-Griffen ni msumba mu boma la Carinthia mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Luis Lacalle Pou
Luis Lacalle Pou (wakababika 1973)  ni mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Uruguay kufuma pa 1 March 2020.
Chivwaladi, Rumphi
Chivwaladi, Rumphi ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Rumphi, mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Bwang'ombe, Rumphi
Bwang'ombe, Rumphi ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Rumphi, mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Bondi, Rumphi
Bondi ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Rumphi, mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Ipyana, Chitipa
Ipyanani zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Chitipa,mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Brückl
Brückl ni msumba mu boma la Carinthia mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Kapelemera, Chitipa
Kapelemerani zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Chitipa,mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Chizimu, Chitipa
Chizimuni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Chitipa,mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Zamamba, Chitipa
Zamambani zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Chitipa,mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Diex
Diex ni msumba mu boma la Carinthia mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Lemba, Rumphi
Lemba ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Rumphi,mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Benthu, Chitipa
Benthu ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Chitipa, mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Sukulu
Gulu la ActionAid Malawi likapeleka matebulo 60, mabuku 5,400 na mipira 9 ku masukulu gha Kapelemela, Mwenje na Benthu.
Dellach im Drautal
Dellach im Drautal ni msumba mu boma la Carinthia mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Kauka, Rumphi
Kauka ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Rumphi, mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Lusimbo, Rumphi
Lusimbo ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Rumphi,mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Eritrea
Eritrea, panji kuti Charu cha Eritrea, ni chalo icho chili mu chigaŵa cha Horn of Africa ku East Africa, na msumba wake ukuru ku Asmara. Charu ichi chili na mphaka na Ethiopia kumwera, Sudan kumanjiliro gha dazi, na Djibouti kumwera kwa kumafumiro gha dazi. Kumpoto ca kumafumiro gha dazi na kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Eritrea kuli mumphepete mwa Nyanja Yiswesi. Charu ichi chili na malo ghakukwana pafupifupi 117,600 km2 (45,406 sq mi), ndipo chikusazgapo Dahlak Archipelago na virwa vinandi vya Hanish.
Vinthu ivyo vikukhalapo vya ŵanthu ivyo vikusangika ku Eritrea ni vyaka pafupifupi 1 miliyoni ivyo vyajumpha. Mazuŵa ghano, charu cha Eritrea chili na ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yinandi. Ŵanthu ŵa mitundu 9 ŵakuyowoya viyowoyero 9 vyakupambanapambana, ndipo chiyowoyero icho chikuyowoyeka chomene ni Chitigrinya, ndipo viyowoyero vinyake ni Tigre, Saho, Kunama, Nara, Afar, Beja, Bilen, na Chiarabic. ChiTigrinya, Chiarabic, na Cingelezi ni viyowoyero vitatu ivyo ŵanthu ŵakuyowoya. Ŵanandi awo ŵakukhala mu chigaŵa ichi ŵakuyowoya viyowoyero vya mu banja la Afroasiatic, panji viyowoyero vya ku Etiyopiya ivyo vikuyowoyeka na ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Semite. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Tigrinyas ndiwo ŵakukhala mu vyaru ivi. Kweniso kuli mitundu yinyake ya ŵanthu ŵakuyowoya chiyowoyero cha Nilo-Saharan. Ŵanthu ŵanandi mu caru ici ŵakusopa Cikhristu panji Cisilamu, ndipo ŵanji ŵakusopa visopa vinyake.
Ufumu wa Aksum, uwo ukaŵa mu vigaŵa vinandi ivyo sono ni Eritrea na kumpoto kwa Etiyopiya, ukaŵako mu vyaka vya m'ma 100 panji 200 C.E. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 300 C.E., ŵanthu ŵa mu msumba uwu ŵakamba kuŵa Ŵakhristu. Mu nyengo za pakati, chigaŵa chikuru cha Eritrea chikaŵa pasi pa ufumu wa Medri Bahri. Charu cha Eritrea icho sono chikuchemeka Eritrea, chikaŵako chifukwa cha kukolerana kwa maufumu ghanyake (nga ni Medri Bahri na Aussa Sultanate). Nkhondo ya ku Italy yikati yamara mu 1942, boma la Britain likamba kulamulira charu cha Eritrea m'paka mu 1952. Kuyana na ivyo Wupu wa United Nations ukadumura mu 1952, charu cha Eritrea chikeneranga kujilamulira na nyumba ya malango ya ku Eritrea, kweni pa nkhani za vyaru vya kuwaro na kuvikilira charu, chikaŵa pasi pa Ethiopia kwa vyaka 10. Ndipouli, mu 1962, boma la Ethiopia likawuskapo boma la Eritrea na kupoka charu ichi. Gulu la ŵanthu ŵakujipatura ku charu cha Eritrea likambiska gulu la Eritrean Liberation Front mu 1961 ndipo likarwa Nkhondo ya Kujiyimira palokha ya Eritrea m'paka apo charu ichi chikapokera wanangwa mu 1991. Mu 1993, charu cha Eritrea chikamba kujiyimira paŵekha.
Charu cha Eritrea nchimoza mwa vyaru ivyo vindafike pa msinkhu wakulera ŵana. Boma ili lili na chipani chimoza ndipo palije maungano gha vyamalamulo panji gha pulezidenti. Isaias Afwerki wakuteŵetera nga ni purezidenti kufuma apo charu ichi chikapokera wanangwa wake mu 1993. Wupu wakuwona vya wanangwa wa ŵanthu (Human Rights Watch) ukuti boma la Eritrea lili na wanangwa wa ŵanthu uheni chomene pa charu chose. Boma la Eritrea likukana ivyo boma likuyowoya. Ufulu wa vyalo ku Eritrea ngwakupeleŵera comene. Kufika mu 2022, wupu wa Reporters Without Borders ukuwona kuti charu ichi chili na wanangwa wakuluska wose pa charu chose.
Charu cha Eritrea chili mu wupu wa African Union, United Nations, na Intergovernmental Authority on Development, ndipo chili na wupu wa Arab League pamoza na Brazil na Venezuela.
Zina
Zina lakuti Eritrea lili kufuma ku zina lakale la Chigiriki lakuti Nyanja Yiswesi (Erythra Thalassa, kufuma ku lizgu lakuti ἐρυθρός erythros, "chiswesi"). Mu 1890, charu ichi chikachemeka kuti Italy Eritrea (Colonia Eritrea). Zina ili likalutilira mu nyengo ya kuwusa kwa Britain na Ethiopia, ndipo likakhazikiskikaso na referendum ya 1993 na dango la 1997.
Prehistory
Madame Buya ni zina la cisomba ico ŵasayansi ŵa ku Italy ŵakasanga ku Eritrea. Ŵanthu ŵakuti ni visomba vyakale chomene ivyo vikulongora umo ŵanthu ŵakasinthira kufuma ku vinyama vinyake, ndipo vikulongora kuti pakaŵa kukolerana pakati pa ŵanthu ŵakwambilira ŵa mtundu wa Homo erectus na ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵako kale. Viwangwa vyake vili na vyaka pafupifupi 1 miliyoni. Ni viwangwa vyakale comene vya mtundu uwu ndipo vikulongora kuti ŵanthu ŵakwambilira ŵakaŵa ŵanthu. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakugomezga kuti chigaŵa cha Danakil Depression ku Eritrea ndicho chikawovwira chomene kuti ŵanthu ŵasinthe.
Mu nyengo iyo kukaŵa chiwuvi, ŵanthu ŵakwambilira awo ŵakakhalanga mumphepete mwa Nyanja Yiswesi ku Eritrea ŵakaŵa ŵanthu ŵa mazuŵa ghano. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakugomezga kuti malo agha ghakaŵa pa nthowa yakufumira ku Africa iyo ŵanthu ŵakwambilira ŵakagwiliskiranga ntchito pakukhala mu vyaru vinyake. Mu 1999, gulu la ŵasayansi ŵa ku Eritrea, Canada, America, Netherlands, na France, ŵakasanga malo agho pakaŵa vinthu vya malibwe na vya obsidian vyaka vyakujumpha 125,000 kumwera kwa Massawa, mumphepete mwa Nyanja Yiswesi. Ŵanthu ŵakwambilira ndiwo ŵakagwiliskiranga ntchito visulo ivi pakusanga vyakurya vya mu nyanja nga ni visomba na oyisitara.
Antiquity
Kafukufuku wakulongora kuti vinthu ivyo vikusangika mu Dambo la Barka ivyo vikalembeka mu 8000 B.C.E. vikulongora kuti ŵanthu ŵakakhalanga mu chigaŵa ichi. Kafukufuku wakulongora kuti mitundu yinandi ya ku Eritrea ndiyo yikaŵa yakwamba kukhala mu malo agha.
Mu charu cha Eritrea, ŵanthu awo ŵakafukura vinthu mu Agordat na kufupi na Agordat ŵakasanga vinthu ivyo vikaŵa mu charu cha Gash. Ŵakasanga vinthu vya dongo ivyo vikalembeka pakati pa 2500 na 1500 B.C.E.
Pafupifupi mu 2000 B.C.E., vigaŵa vinyake vya Eritrea vikwenera kuti vikaŵa mu charu cha Punt. Msumba uwu ukaŵa wakumanyikwa chifukwa cha kupanga na kutumizga golide, vyakununkhira, makuni gha blackwood, ebony, mino gha zovu, na vinyama vyamuthondo. Chigaŵa ichi chikumanyikwa kufuma ku mabuku gha ku Eguputo ghakale agho ghakulongosora za maulendo gha malonda agho ghakaŵako, comenecomene ulendo wa ku Punt uwo ukacitika mu 1469 B.C.E. apo Hatshepsut wakambaso kwenda mu nthowa za malonda.
Kingdom of D'mt
Dʿmt ukaŵa ufumu uwo ukaŵako kwambira mu vyaka vya m'ma 1000 m'paka 500 B.C.E. mu charu icho sono chikuchemeka Eritrea na kumpoto kwa Ethiopia. Pakuti ku Yeha kukaŵa tempile likuru, malo agha ndigho ghakaŵa msumba ukuru wa ufumu uwu. Qohaito, uyo kanandi wakachemekanga msumba wa Koloe mu nyengo ya ku Nyanja ya Erythraean, kweniso Matara, ukaŵa msumba wakuzirwa wa ufumu wa Dʿmt kumwera kwa Eritrea.
Ufumu uwu ukaŵa na vyakumweramo maji, viŵiya vyakupwanthirapo, vyakumera, na kupanga vilwero. Pamanyuma pakuti ufumu wa Dʿmt wabwangandulika mu vyaka vya m'ma 400 B.C.E., chigaŵa ichi chikamba kulamulirika na maufumu ghachoko. Ivi vikalutilira m'paka mu nyengo ya Ŵakhristu ŵakwambilira, ufumu wa Aksum ukamba kulamulira.
Kingdom of Aksum
Ufumu wa Aksum ukaŵa ufumu wa malonda uwo ukaŵa ku Eritrea na kumpoto kwa Ethiopia. Likaŵako kwamba cha m'ma 100-940 C.E., ndipo likakura kufuma mu nyengo ya Iron Age ya mu nyengo ya Akshumi m'ma 400 C.E. m'paka mu nyengo ya 100 C.E.
Buku linyake (Liber Axumae) likuti msumba wakwamba wa Aksum, Mazaber, ukazengeka na Itiyopis, mwana wa Kush. Pamanyuma, likuru la caru ici likasamukira ku Axum, kumpoto kwa Ethiopia. Ufumu uwu ukamba kumanyikwa na zina lakuti Etiyopiya mu vyaka vya m'ma 400 C.E.
Ŵanthu ŵa ku Aksum ŵakazenga vigongwe vikuruvikuru ivyo ŵakasoperangamo pambere Chikhristu chindafike. Yimoza mwa mizati iyi ni Obelisk of Aksum, iyo yili na mamita 27. Ku Ezana (fl. 320-360), pamanyuma pake Aksum wakazomera Cikristu.
Chikhristu ndicho chikaŵa chisopa chakwamba mu charu cha Eritrea, ndipo nyumba yakale chomene ya ŵasembe mu charu ichi, Debre Sina, yikazengeka m'ma 400 C.E. Ni yimoza mwa nyumba zakuluska mu Africa na caru cose. Debre Libanos, nyumba yachiŵiri yakale comene, yikwenera kuti yikazengeka kuumaliro wa vilimika vya m'ma 400 panji kukwambilira kwa vyaka vya m'ma 500 C.E. Pakwamba yikaŵa mu muzi wa Ham, kweni yikasamukira ku malo ghambura kufikako agho ghakaŵa mumphepete mwa jalawe. Mu chalichi lake muli Baibolo lakwengeka na visulo la Golden Gospel, ilo likalembeka mu vyaka vya m'ma 1300.
Mu vyaka vya m'ma 700 C.E., Ŵasilamu ŵakwambilira ŵa ku Mecca, awo ŵakaŵa ŵabwezi ŵa ntchimi Muhammad, ŵakachimbilira ku ufumu wa Qurayshi kuti ŵaleke kutambuzgika. Ŵanyake ŵakuti ndiwo ŵakazenga moski wakwamba wa ku Africa, Mosque of the Companions, Massawa.
Ufumu uwu ukuzunulika mu buku la Periplus of the Erythraean Sea kuti ukaŵa msika wakuzirwa wa mino gha zovu, agho ghakatumizgikanga ku vyaru vinyake. Pa nyengo iyi, msumba wa Aksum ukaŵa pasi pa mazaza gha Zoskales, uyo nayo wakalamuliranga dowoko la Adulis. Ŵalongozgi ŵa ku Aksum ŵakaŵanga na ndalama zawo na kucitiska malonda.
Medri Bahri
Pamanyuma pakuti Aksum wabwangandulika, chigaŵa cha Eritrea chikaŵa pasi pa Ufumu wa Medri Bahri, uwo ukawusikanga na Bahri Negus (panji Bahri Negash, kung'anamura "themba la nyanja"). Pakwamba malo agha ghakachemekanga Ma'ikele Bahri ("pakati pa nyanja na milonga", kung'anamura charu icho chili pakati pa Nyanja Yiswesi na mlonga wa Mereb). Chigaŵa chose cha mumphepete mwa nyanja cha Ma'ikele Bahri chikaŵa pasi pa Adal Sultanate mu nyengo ya muwuso wa Sultan Badlay ibn Sa'ad ad-Din. Pamanyuma, themba la ku Ethiopia zina lake Zara Yaqob likapoka charu ichi na kuchithya kuti Medri Bahri ("Charu cha mu Nyanja" mu Chitigrinya). Msumba uwu ukaŵa na msumba wa Debarwa.
Kuzakafika mu 1517, Ŵaotomu ŵakathereska msumba wa Medri Bahri. Ŵakaŵa na mazaza pa chigaŵa chose cha kumpoto cha kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Eritrea, kufuma ku Massawa m'paka ku Swakin mu Sudan. Chigaŵa ichi chikazgoka chigaŵa cha Ottoman, icho chikachemekanga Habesh Eyalet. Msumba wa Massawa ndiwo ukaŵa msumba ukuru wa chigaŵa chiphya ichi. Msumba uwu ukati wamba kuwoneka kuti ngwambura kuzirwa pa nkhani ya vyachuma, likuru la boma likasamukira ku Jeddah.
Munthu wakwamba uyo wakafika ku Eritrea wakaŵa Francisco Alvares wa ku Portugal. Mabuku ghake ghakulongosora za ufumu wa Tigray, ufumu wa Axum na Barnagais (fumu ya vyaru vya mumphepete mwa nyanja)
Mphepete mwa nyanja ya Eritrea ndiyo yikaŵawovwira kuti ŵalutilire kukolerana na chigaŵa cha Tigray uko Ŵapwitikizi ŵakaŵa na malo ghachoko waka. Mu 1541 ŵasilikari ŵa Cristóvão da Gama ŵakafika ku Massawa, ndipo ŵakathereska ŵasilikari ŵa Adal mu nkhondo ya Wayna Daga mu 1543.
Mu 1559, Ŵaturuki ŵakayezga kuti ŵapoke chigaŵa cha Medri Bahri, kweni ŵakakanizgika. Ŵakacimbizgika na ŵasilikari ŵa Bahri Negash na ŵasilikari ŵa ku mapiri. Mu 1578, ŵakayezga kuti ŵalute ku vigaŵa vya mapiri na wovwiri wa Bahri Negash Yisehaq, uyo wakasintha ŵabwezi chifukwa cha kulimbana na ŵamazaza. Muwusi wa ku Etiyopiya, Sarsa Dengel, wakacimbizga ŵasilikari ŵa ku Turkey mu 1588 cifukwa ca kuwukira kwawo vigaŵa vya kumpoto.
Paumaliro, Ŵaotomu ŵakaŵachimbizga mu cigaŵa caumaliro ca vilimika vya m'ma 1500. Ndipouli, iwo ŵakalutilira kulamulira mumphepete mwa nyanja m'paka apo charu cha Eritrea chikambira ku Italy m'ma 1800.
Mu 1734, mulongozgi wa Afar, Kedafu, wakambiska muwuso wa Mudaito mu Ethiopia, uwo pamanyuma ukakhwaska vigaŵa vya kumwera kwa Denkel ku Eritrea. Caka ca m'ma 1500 cikaŵaso nyengo iyo Ŵaotomu ŵakiza mu caru ca ku Nyanja Yiswesi.
Italian Eritrea
Vyaru ivyo sono ni Eritrea vikaŵa mu nyengo ya nkhondo ya ku Africa. Mu 1869 panji 1870, mulongozgi wa chigaŵa ichi wakaguliska malo agho ghakazingilizga nyanja ya Assab ku Rubattino Shipping Company. Malo agha ghakaŵanga malo ghakusungiramo malasha agho ghakaŵa mu nthowa za ngalaŵa izo zikaŵa mu Suez Canal.
Mu nyengo iyo Themba Yohannes IV likafwa mu 1889, Gen. Oreste Baratieri wakakhalamo mu vigaŵa vya mapiri ivyo vikaŵa mumphepete mwa nyanja ya Eritrea, ndipo Italy yikapharazga kuti charu cha Eritrea, icho chikaŵa pasi pa Ufumu wa Italy, chili na ŵanthu ŵanandi. Mu phangano la Wuchale (It. Mu chaka chenechichi, Themba Menelik la Shewa, ilo likaŵa ufumu wa kumwera kwa Etiyopiya, likazomera kuti charu cha Italy chiŵe pasi pa maboma gha Bogos, Hamasien, Akkele Guzay, na Serae. Nkhondo iyo wakathereska mathemba ghanyake na kukhomeka pa chitengo nga ni Fumu Menelek II (1889-1913) yikapangiska kuti phangano ili liŵe lakukhozga ŵanthu wose ŵa mu caru ici.
Mu 1922, Benito Mussolini wakati waŵa na mazaza mu Italy, boma la ku Eritrea likasintha comene. Il Duce wakati wapharazga kuti Ufumu wa Italy wababika mu Meyi 1936, Eritrea wa ku Italy (wakasazgikira na vigaŵa vya kumpoto kwa Ethiopia) na Somaliland wa ku Italy vikasazgikana na Ethiopia uyo wakaŵa kuti wapokeka waka. Mu nyengo iyi, ufumu wa Ŵaroma ukakura chomene mwakuti ukaŵa nga ni "Ufumu uphya wa Ŵaroma". Boma la Italy likasankha Eritrea kuŵa malo ghakwendeskera vyamalonda ku Italy.
Asmara yikapangika makora chomene mu 1935, ndipo yikamba kuwoneka nga ni "mzinda wa Art Deco" (mu 2017 yikapharazgika kuti ni "Mzinda wa UNESCO wa Charu Chose",) uwo uli na vinthu vyakupambanapambana, malo ghakutowa, na nyumba za ŵanthu wose, nga ni mafilimu, mashopu, mabanki, visopa, maofesi gha ŵanthu wose na gha ŵanthu ŵekha, mafakitale, na nyumba za ŵanthu (kuyana na mabuku gha UNESCO). Ŵataliyana ŵakapanga nyumba zakujumpha 400 mu nyengo ya nkhondo iyo yikaŵa kuti yindachitike. Mu nyumba izi mukaŵa nyumba zikuruzikuru za ku Italy nga ni Fiat Tagliero Building na Cinema Impero.
British administration
Mu 1941, ŵasilikari ŵa Britain ŵakachimbizga Ŵaitaliya na kwamba kuwusa caru.
Ŵabali ŵa ku Britain ŵakaŵika charu cha Eritrea mu mawoko gha ŵasilikari ŵa ku Britain m'paka apo ŵasilikari ŵa vyaru vinyake ŵakeneranga kuzomerezgera kuti charu ichi chiwelere.
Pakuti ŵasilikari ŵa vyaru vyakupambanapambana ŵakakolerana yayi pa nkhani ya malo gha Eritrea, boma la Britain likalutilira kulamulira mpaka mu 1950. Pakati pajumpha nyengo yichoko waka nkhondo yikati yamara, boma la Britain likati charu cha Eritrea chigaŵike mu vigaŵa viŵiri. Pakuti boma la Soviet Union likaghanaghananga kuti ŵasilikari ŵa boma la Italy ndiwo ŵazamutonda, pakwamba likakolerana kuti charu cha Eritrea chiwelere ku Italy.
Annexation with Ethiopia
Mu ma 1950, boma la Ethiopia ilo likalongozgekanga na Themba Haile Selassie likakhumbanga kutora charu cha Eritrea na Somaliland. Mu kalata iyo wakalembera Franklin D. Roosevelt pa ungano wa Paris Peace Conference na pa ungano wakwamba wa United Nations. Mu wupu wa United Nations, ŵanthu ŵakalutilira kudumbiskana vya vyaru ivyo kale vikaŵa pasi pa Italy. Ŵa Britain na America ŵakakhumbanga kupeleka charu chose cha Eritrea ku Ŵaetiyopiya kuti ŵaŵawovwire pa Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Caru Cose. Gulu la vyaru vya ku Eritrea ilo likucemeka Independence Bloc, likapempha wupu wa United Nations General Assembly kuti ucitenge referendum mwaluŵiro.
Pamanyuma pakuti U.N. Mu Disembala 1950, kuyana na fundo 390A (V) ya wupu wakulongozga, charu cha Eritrea chikakolerana na Ethiopia. Pa fundo iyi, ŵakakhumbanga kuti charu cha Eritrea na Ethiopia viŵe pamoza. Eritrea wakeneranga kuŵa na boma lake na makhoti ghake, ndembera yake, na kulamulira vinthu vya mu caru, kusazgapo ŵapolisi, boma, na msonkho. Boma la ku Russia ndilo likaŵa na mazaza pa nkhani za malonda, kuvikilira ŵanthu, ndalama, na mendero. Fundo iyi yikasuskana na ivyo ŵanthu ŵa ku Eritrea ŵakakhumbanga, kweni yikaŵapa wanangwa wa demokilase na kujiyimira pawekha.
Independence
Mu 1958, gulu linyake la ŵanthu ŵa ku Eritrea likambiska gulu lakucemeka Eritrean Liberation Movement (ELM). Gulu ili likaŵa na ŵana ŵa sukulu, ŵanthu ŵa ku Eritrea, na ŵanthu ŵavinjeru. Gulu ili likacitanga vinthu vya ndyali mwakubisilizga kuti likanizge boma la Ethiopia. Pa Seputembala 1, 1961, Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF), pasi pa muwuso wa Hamid Idris Awate, yikamba kulimbana na ŵasilikari. Mu 1962, Fumu Haile Selassie yikawuskamo ŵamazaza mu charu cha Eritrea na kupoka charu ichi. Nkhondo ya wanangwa ya Eritrea yikatora vyaka 30 m'paka mu 1991, apo gulu la Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) likathereska ŵasilikari ŵa Etiyopiya mu Eritrea.
Ku Eritrea, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakazomerezga kuti charu ichi chiŵe na wanangwa wakujiyimira paŵekha. Gulu la EPLF likapoka mazaza, likakhazikiska boma la chipani chimoza na kukanizga milimo yinyake ya ndyali. Mu 2020, pakaŵavya mavoti. Pa Meyi 28, 1993, charu cha Eritrea chikaŵa mu wupu wa United Nations.
Nkhondo ya Eritrea-Ethiopia kufuma mu 1998 m'paka mu 2000 yikaŵa na nkhondo yikuru pa mphaka, chomenechomene ku Badme na Zalambessa, ndipo paumaliro yikamara mu 2018. Mu 2020, ŵasilikari ŵa Eritrea ŵakanjilirapo pa Nkhondo ya Tigray ku chigaŵa cha boma la Ethiopia. Mu Epulero 2021, Eritrea yikati ŵasilikari ŵake ŵakurwa nkhondo mu Ethiopia.
Makhalilo gha charu
Charu cha Eritrea chili kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Africa. Ku mpoto na kumafumiro gha dazi kuli Nyanja Yiswesi, kumanjiliro gha dazi kuli Sudan, kumwera kuli Ethiopia, ndipo kumwera kwa kumafumiro gha dazi kuli Djibouti. Charu cha Eritrea chili pakati pa latitude 12° na 18°N, ndipo longitude 36° na 44°E.
Charu ichi chili pakati pa vigaŵa viŵiri vya East African Rift. Ku Eritrea, kumwera kwa Nyanja Yiswesi, ndiko kuli mphinjika. Virwa vya Dahlak na malo ghake ghakukwerapo somba vili mumphepete mwa nyanja.
Charu cha Eritrea chili mu vigaŵa vitatu. Kumafumiro gha dazi kwa mapiri agha kuli malo ghakuthukira agho ghali mumphepete mwa nyanja. Malo ghakuthukira agho ghali na vyakumera vinandi, agho ghali pa mtunda wa mamita 3,000, ghali na malo ghakupambanapambana. Malo agho ghakukhala ŵanthu ghakupambanapambana, kufuma ku nkhorongo ya Filfil Solomona m'paka ku majalawe na madambo gha kumwera. Pa malo agha pakaŵa malo ghakupambanapambana. Malo ghapachanya chomene mu charu ichi ni Emba Soira, agho ghali pakatikati pa charu cha Eritrea.
Msumba ukuru wa Asmara, uwo uli ku mpoto kwa charu ichi, na tawuni ya Asseb, iyo yili ku mpoto kwa charu ichi, kweniso tawuni ya Massawa, iyo yili kumafumiro gha dazi kwa charu ichi.
Charu cha Eritrea chili mu gulu la vyaru 14 ivyo vili mu wupu wa Global Environment Facility, uwo ukukolerana na mawupu gha pa caru cose, mawupu gha wupu wa wupu wakwendakwenda, na mabungwe gha boma kuti ghasange mazgoro gha mafumbo gha pa caru cose ghakukhwaskana na cilengiwa. Vinthu vikusintha pa malo agho kukulokwa vula, ndipo maji ghakukamuka pachoko, ndipo ivi vingapangiska kuti dongo liswe, maji ghatutuke, chilangalanga, charu chivunduke, na kuzgoka mapopa.
Mu 2006, charu cha Eritrea chikapharazga kuti chizamuŵa charu chakwamba pa charu chose chapasi kuŵa na malo ghakuvikilirika. Mphepete mwa nyanja ya makilomita 1,347, pamoza na makilomita ghanyake 1,946 (1,209 mi) kuzingilizga virwa vyakujumpha 350, vizamutoleka na boma.
Wildlife
Ku Eritrea kuli vyamoyo vinandi ivyo vikwambiska nthenda iyi.
Mu charu cha Eritrea muli nyama zinandi za nyama. Malango agho ghalembeka ghakovwira kuti chiŵelengero chawo chikure mu Eritrea mose. Viyuni vinyake ivyo vikuŵako mazuŵa ghano ni mbunda ya ku Abyssinia, mphaka ya ku Africa, mbunda yakuchemeka Black-backed jackal, mphumphi ya golide ya ku Africa, Genet, chiŵiya chakuchemeka Ground squirrel, pale fox, Soemmerring's gazelle, na warthog. Viyuni ivi vikusangika comene mu vigaŵa vya mumphepete mwa nyanja na ku Gash-Barka.
Ŵanyake ŵakuti nkhalamu zikukhala mu mapiri gha mu chigaŵa cha Gash-Barka. Mu vigaŵa vinandi muli viyuni vya mtundu uwu. Mbunda ya ku Africa iyo yili pafupi kumara yikusangika mu chigaŵa cha Denakalia. Viyuni vinyake ivyo vikukhala mu malo agha ni viyuni vya bushbuck, duikers, greater kudu, Klipspringer, leopards, oryx, na crocodiles. Chinyama cha chimbwi ntchikuru chomene.
Mu nyengo yakale, njovu za mu munda wa Afrika zikamanyikwanga kuti zikwenda mu vigaŵa vinyake vya charu. Pakati pa 1955 na 2001 pakaŵavya ŵanthu awo ŵakawona viŵeto vya njovu, kweni ŵanthu ŵakaghanaghananga kuti vikapwetekeka na nkhondo ya wanangwa. Mu Disembala 2001, mu malo gha Dambo la Gash mukaŵa viŵeto pafupifupi 30, kusazgapo ŵana 10. Vikawoneka kuti njovu zikamba kuŵa na ubali wakukolerana na njovu za maolive.
Ntcheŵe yakucemeka African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) iyo yili pa ngozi yikusangika kale mu Eritrea, kweni sono yikuwoneka kuti yili kumara mu caru cose ici. Ku Gash-Barka, njoka zinandi zikuwoneka. Viyuni ivi vikusangika mu malo ghanandi, nanga nkhu mapiri. Mu vigaŵa vya mumphepete mwa nyanja, mukusangika visomba vya mu nyanja nga ni dolphin, dugong, whale shark, turtles, marlin, swordfish, na manta ray.
Climate
Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo, charu cha Eritrea chili mu vigaŵa vitatu. Vinthu vyakupambanapambana ivyo vikuchitika mu charu cha Eritrea vikupangiska kuti charu ichi chiŵe na mphepo yiwemi. Vinthu vyakupambanapambana ivyo vikuwoneka mu malo agha vikupangiska kuti nyengo yiŵe yakupambana mu charu chose. Mu vigaŵa vya mapiri ivi nyengo njakuthukira chaka chose. Vyaru vinandi vya mu vigaŵa vya mapiri ni vyakomira. Kuyana kwa vula na vyakumera vikupambana mu caru cose. Nyengo ya ku Eritrea yikupambana cifukwa ca nyengo na malo agho kuli maji.
Kafukufuku uyo wakachitika mu 2022, wakulongora kuti ndalama izo Eritrea yikwenera kulipira kuti yizgoŵere kusintha kwa vinthu na kugega masuzgo agho ghangaŵapo chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo ni zinandi chomene.
Boma na ndale
Chipani cha People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ) ndi chipani chokha chovomerezeka ku Eritrea. Magulu ghanyake gha ndyali ghakupokelereka yayi kuwungana, nangauli dango la ndyali la mu 1997 likusambizga kuti pali vyaru vinandi. Nyumba ya Malamulo yili na mipando 150. Pa nyengo na nyengo, maungano gha chigaŵa ghakuŵapo ndipo ghakuŵavya. Pulezidenti Isaias Afwerki wali pa udindo kufuma apo charu chikapokera wanangwa mu 1993. Mu 1993, ŵanthu 75 ŵakasankhika kuŵa mu wupu wa National Assembly. Lipoti la wupu wa United Nations Human Rights Council likati: "Kwamba nyengo iyo, palije maungano gha boma agho ghacitika, ndipo palije maungano gha pulezidenti agho ghacitika. Kufuma mu 2003-2004, paŵavya maungano gha chigaŵa panji gha chigaŵa. Mu 1993, wupu wakuwona vya wanangwa wa ŵanthu (National Assembly) ukasora Isaias Afwerki kuŵa pulezidenti wakwamba wa charu cha Eritrea. Afwerki wakati wasankhika, wakalutilira kulamulira boma la Eritrea". Pulezidenti Isaias Afwerki wakuyowoya kanandi waka kuti wakuyuyura demokilase iyo wakuyichema kuti "ya ku Western". Mwaciyelezgero, mu 2008 mu nkhani iyo wakapeleka ku Al Jazeera, pulezidenti wakati: "Eritrea wazamulindilira vyaka 30 panji 40, panji kujumpha apa, pambere wandacite mavoti. Ni njani wakumanya?"
National, regional, and local elections
Pakughanaghanira kuti dango la mtende na ubwezi pakati pa Eritrea na Ethiopia lichali kuleka kufiskika, boma la Eritrea likuwona kuti phangano la mtende likufiskika yayi. Ndipouli, maungano gha chigaŵa ghakalutilira mu Eritrea. Chisankho cha boma chaposachedwapa chinachitika mu 2010 na 2011.
Military
Ŵasilikari ŵa Eritrea sono ndiwo ŵasilikari ŵa boma la Eritrea. Gulu la ŵasilikari la Eritrea ndimoza mwa ŵasilikari ŵankhongono comene mu Africa.
Mu 1995, boma likakanizga ŵanthu kunjira usilikari. Kuyana na dango, ŵanalume na ŵanakazi awo ŵakunjira usilikari ŵakwenera kuteŵetera kwa myezi 18. Ntheura ŵanthu pafupifupi 5% ŵa ku Eritrea ŵakukhala mu nyumba za ŵasilikari mu mapopa ndipo ŵakuzenga misewu.
Dango la mu 1995 ilo likukanizga ŵanthu kugwira ntchito zausilikari likuzomerezga yayi. Kuyana na dango la ku Ethiopia ilo likakhazikiskika mu 1957 apo charu cha Eritrea chikapokera wanangwa, para munthu waleka kujilemba usilikari panji kukana kugwira ntchito zausilikari, wakujalirika mu jele kwa myezi 6 m'paka vyaka 5. Nyengo iyo munthu wakulembekera usilikari yingaŵa yitali para pali suzgo. Kwambira mu 1998, waliyose uyo wandafike vyaka 50 wakulembeka usilikari kwa nyengo yitali m'paka wafumiskike. Mu kafukufuku uyo wakacitikira ŵanthu 200 awo ŵakacimbira usilikari, ŵakasanga kuti ŵakateŵetera vyaka 6.5 ndipo ŵanyake ŵakateŵetera vyaka vyakujumpha 12.