cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Ndalama za banja lachifumu la Britain
Unandi wa chuma pa munthu yekha
Mu 2023, nyuzipepara ya The Guardian yikati chuma cha Charles chikaŵa £1.8 billion (EUR 2 billion, USD 2.2 billion). Pa ndalama izi pakaŵa katundu wakukwana mapaundi 653 miliyoni (pa chaka, Charles wakapokeranga mapaundi 20 miliyoni), majoya ghakujumpha mapaundi 533 miliyoni, katundu wakukwana mapaundi 330 miliyoni, masheya na ndalama zakukwana mapaundi 142 miliyoni, matampu ghakujumpha mapaundi 100 miliyoni, mahachi ghakujumpha mapaundi 27 miliyoni, vinthu vyakusanguluska vyakujumpha mapaundi 24 miliyoni, na magalimoto ghakujumpha mapaundi 6.3 miliyoni. Charles wakatora usambazi ukuru uwu kwa anyina, Elizabeth II, ndipo wakeneranga yayi kupeleka msonkho.
Ndalama za ku Nyumba ya Malamulo
Karonga Philip, Duke wa ku Edinburgh, wakapokeranga ndalama za pa Nyumba ya Malamulo zakukwana mapaundi 359,000 pa caka kufuma ku Treasury. Kale, ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵa mu mbumba yacifumu ya Britain ŵakapokeranga ndalama za ku nyumba za boma. Mu 1952, dango la Civil List Act likapeleka ndalama ku Fumukazi Margaret kweniso ku ŵana ŵachoko ŵa fumukazi. Dango la Civil List Act 1972 likasazgirako ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵa mu mbumba yacifumu ku ndondomeko ya malipiro gha pa umoyo. Kuzakafika mu 2002, pakaŵa ŵanthu ŵankhondi na ŵatatu awo ŵakapokeranga ndalama za ku Nyumba ya Ufumu, ndipo wose ŵakapokeranga ndalama zakukwana £1.5 miliyoni pa chaka. Pakati pa 1993 na 2012, Fumukazi yikawezgera ndalama za ndalama izi ku Treasury. Mu 2011, Dango la ku Ireland likawuskapo ndalama izi. Kufuma apo, ndalama zakukhala nazo za ŵa mu banja lachifumu awo ŵakuchita milimo yawo, kusazgapo Fumukazi ya Ufumu, Duke of York, na Duke na Duchess of Edinburgh, zikufuma ku ndalama izo fumu yikupeleka kufuma ku Duchy of Lancaster.
Msonkho
Boma la Britain lili na wanangwa wa kusaska misonkho chifukwa malango ghanyake gha boma ghakwendera yayi. Ufumu wa Britain na vyaru vya Lancaster na Cornwall vikukolerana yayi na malango ghakukhwaskana na msonkho wa ndalama, msonkho wa ndalama izo munthu wakusanga panji msonkho wa chiharo. Kweniso, Fumu yili na dango yayi lakulipira misonkho iyi. Charu cha Cornwall chikukhumba kuti Themba la Wales lileke kulipira msonkho pa ndalama izo likusanga, nangauli ŵanthu ŵakususka fundo iyi. Fumu yikujipeleka kupeleka msonkho, nangauli ŵanji ŵakukayikira usange yikwenera kupeleka msonkho.
Pa Febuluwale 5, 1993, pakalembeka "Memorandum of Understanding on Royal Taxation" ndipo yikasinthika mu 1996, 2009 na 2013. Pakakhumbikwanga kuti muwusi wakulondezga ndondomeko iyo yili mu kalata iyi. Mapepara agha ghakulongosora umo Elizabeti II na Karol ŵakagwilira ntchito kuti ŵapeleke ndalama ku HM Revenue and Customs m'malo mwa msonkho. Malipiro agha ni ghapadera.
Fumukazi yikajipeleka kupeleka ndalama zakuyana na msonkho pa ndalama izo yikapokeranga na ndalama izo zikafuma ku ndalama za boma (izo zikusazgapo Duchy of Lancaster) izo zikagwiliskirika nchito yayi. Ndalama izo boma likupeleka zikovwira yayi. Ndalama yakuyana na msonkho wa ndalama izo munthu wakusanga wakuzipeleka mwakujipeleka pa ivyo wasanga para wasakaza katundu wake kufuma pa 5 Epulero 1993. Vinthu vinandi vya themba vikazengeka pambere zuŵa ili lindafike, kweni ndalama zikapelekeka pa ivyo vikasangika pamanyuma. Kweniso pali ndondomeko yakuti munthu wapelekenge msonkho pa vinthu vinyake vya fumukazi. Vinthu ivyo vikuluta ku fumu yiphya vikuzomerezgeka yayi, nga umo viliri na vinthu ivyo vikuluta ku fumu yiphya kufuma kwa mfumu munyake.
Themba Charles III, apo likaŵa Karonga wa ku Wales, likajipeleka kupeleka msonkho pa ndalama izo likapokeranga ku boma la Cornwall. Kwambira mu 1969, wakapeleka msonkho wa 50% wa phindu lake, kweni wakakhira kufika pa 25% mu 1981 apo wakatora Lady Diana Spencer. Ndondomeko izi zikasinthika na memorandum mu 1993. Ndalama izo Karonga wa ku Wales wakusanga kufuma ku malo ghanyake padera pa Duchy of Cornwall, zikuthemba pa msonkho.
Kugwirako nchito ya kuvikilira wanangwa wa ŵanthu na kulekeska malango
Mu Novembala 1973, loya wa fumukazi iyi wakawovwira boma la Britain kuti lisinthe malango mwakuti ŵanthu ŵaleke kumanya usambazi wake. Kufuma apo, boma likaŵikamo fundo yinyake mu dango ilo likapeleka mazaza gha kufumiska makampani agho "ŵalongozgi ŵa vyaru" ŵakagwiliskiranga nchito. Ivi vikabisanga katundu wa fumukazi iyi m'paka mu 2011.
Nyengo zinyake, ŵanthu awo ŵakasambizganga themba ŵakapemphanga kuti ŵaleke kulondezga malango ghakukhwaskana na mendero na malo agho ghangaŵa na masuzgo, ndipo ŵakachichizganga boma kuti lisinthe malango ghakukhwaskana na malo ghakusungirako vinthu vyakale.
Fumukazi iyi yikapokelereka yayi ku dango la 2017 la Cultural Property (Armed Conflicts) Act, ilo likukhumba kuti pa nkhondo izo zizamucitika kunthazi, ŵanthu ŵaleke kuparanya vinthu ivyo ŵanthu ŵakusunga. Ici cikung'anamura kuti ŵapolisi ŵakukanizgika kupenja vinthu ivyo vindabiwe mu nyumba za fumukazi.
Awo ŵakwimira Fumukazi pa milandu ŵakakhwimiskaso ŵaliska ŵa ku Scotland kuti ŵasinthe dango lakuti Heat Networks (Scotland) Bill, kuti malo ghake ghaleke kukhwaskika na fundo yakumazga mphepo. Ntheura, Fumukazi ndiyo yekha mu Scotland uyo wakeneranga yayi kunozga maji ghakuthukira.
Magazini ya The Guardian yikalongosora kuti pali milandu 67 iyo fumukazi ya ku Scotland yikalondezgapo fundo za boma. Vinyake mwa vinthu ivi ni malango ghakukhwaskana na ndondomeko ya vinthu, msonkho wa katundu, kuvikilira ŵanthu ku ŵakuguliska nyumba, na dango la mu 2018 ilo likukanizga ŵalaŵiliri ŵa nkhorongo kunjira mu malo gha ufumu kwambura kuzomerezgeka na Fumukazi.
Muyowoyi wa Fumukazi wakati: "Fumukazi yikuzomerezga kuti vinthu vichitike mu nyumba ya malango. Nyengo zose fumu ndiyo yikuzomerezga para boma latipempha".
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Wupu wa vya wanangwa wa ŵanthu
Wupu wakuwona vya wanangwa wa ŵanthu (Centre for Human Rights and Rehabilitation, panji CHRR) ni wupu wakuwona vya wanangwa wa ŵanthu ku Malaŵi. Wakapangika mu Febuluwale 1995 nga ni wupu wa vyawanangwa, wambura vya ndyali, uwo uli kulembeska mu 1962 ku United States. Wupu uwu ukapangika na ŵana ŵa sukulu awo ŵakawerako ku caru cawo na cilayizga ca demokilase mu 1994.
Wupu uwu uli na wanangwa wa kupeleka mauteŵeti ghake kulikose mu Malaŵi. Kulembeka kwa wupu uwu kuyana na Dango la mu 1962, ndiko kukovwira kuti wupu uwu uŵe na udindo kweniso ntchito. Pasono mapulogiramu agha ghakuchitika mu vigaŵa vyose vitatu, kumwera, pakati na kumpoto.
Wupu uwu ukuwovwira na kukhozga mitheto ya Malawi iyo yikukolerana na demokilase na wanangwa wa ŵanthu. Ntchito ya CHRR nkhusungilira, kukhozga na kukhozga muwuso uwemi mwa kovwira ŵanthu ŵa ku mizi na mu misumba ya ku Malawi kuti ŵamanye makora wanangwa wawo na kuwulondezga kwizira mu kafukufuku, masambiro, kuvikilira wanangwa wa ŵanthu na kupanga maukonde.
CHRR yikukhumba kovwirapo pa kufiska mulimo uwu kwizira mu mapulogiramu ghanandi agho ghakucitika mu mapulogiramu ghaŵiri ghakuru, nga ni: Kuwovwira na Kovwira Ŵanthu na Kulondezga na Kusambizga pa Nkhani ya Wanangwa wa Ŵanthu.
Mbiri
Nkhani iyi yafuma kwa Undule Mwakasungura, uyo ni mulara wa CHRR.
Wupu wa Human Rights and Rehabilitation (CHRR) ukapangika mu 1994. Gulu ili likapangika na ŵana ŵa sukulu awo ŵakafumamo mu caru cawo mu vyaka vya m'ma 70 na 80. Ŵakambiraso kukhala mu vyaru vinyake ndipo ŵakamba kuchita bizinesi. Ŵakaweleraso mu 1994 apo ŵakaŵikapo ndondomeko yakuti paŵe maungano gha vipani vinandi. Wupu uwu ukazomera kugwiliskira nchito ivyo ukawona na kumanya kuti uvikilire wanangwa wa ŵanthu. Munthu yumoza pera uyo wakukhalapo wa gulu la awo ŵakambiska ni mulongozgi wa sono wa Undule Mwakasungura..
Mission Statement
Contribute towards the protection, promotion and consolidation of good governance byempowering rural and urban communities in Malawi to increase awareness of and exercise their rights through research, education, advocacy and networking in order to realize human development.
Objectives
-Raising awareness and understanding of human rights, democracy, and good governance among Malawians
-Enhancing community awareness of safety issues
-Acquiring information that is of national importance
-Providing mediation to marginalized groups in Malawi
-Lobbying for the repeal of laws that infringe on the rights of men, women, and children of Malawi.
-Networking with other organizations with similar objectives on a national, regional, and international level.
Programs
•Community Mobilization and Empowerment
•Human Rights Monitoring and Training.
Major Challenges CHRR faces
1.) Sustainability in terms of financial support
2.) Duplication and Competition amongst local and international organizations
3.) Negative government attitude towards NGOs
5.) Widespread illiteracy and ignorance among the population has contributed to the lack of appreciation and understanding of human rights and democracy.
Background on Malawi
The following information comes from the CIA world fact book.
Capital: Lilongwe
GDP per capita: $800 (2007 est.)
Type of Government: Multiparty democracy
History of current leader: Malawi, established in 1891, gained its independence from Britain in 1964. It held its first multi party election in 1994, after three decades of rule under President Hastings Kamuzu. President Bingu wa Mutharika, who was elected in May 2004, currently holds the position. He formed his own party called the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP).
Malawi has seen some economic improvement, but because of a political deadlock in the legislature, Mutharika has been unable to pass significant legislation. This has stalled the fight against corruption.
Legal System: based on English common law, judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of appeal.
Challenges Malawi is facing
1.) Lack of constitutionalism
2.) Lack of Respect for court rulings
3.) Lack of Political Parties (many groups are under represented. Women are not given leadership positions)
4.) Lack of Political Tolerance
5.) HIV and Aids
CHRR Achievements
CHRR has contributed to the promotion of human rights through programs like Civil Education: Bring awareness in communities through radio programs, community debates, training, and voter education. Research: CHRR has carried out research projects on issues related to governance, human rights, and other issues pertaining to governance and human rights. This research has been used as a tool for awareness and lobbying. Advocacy and Networking: CHRR has been in the forefront of advocacy for democratic governance. They have collaborated with organizations with similar interests.
Some of the networks they are a part of include:
CONGOMA
HRCC
Gender Support Network
MEJN
MESN
Malawi Social Forum
Amnesty International
Some of their partners include: One World Africa
Fahamu	Education Training
Centre For Children Affairs
Civil Liberties Committee
Christian Agency for Responsible Democracy and Unity
Coalition on Violence Against Women
Foundation for Community Support Service
Specific examples of work
The following table gives specific case examples of work that CHRR has been involved in.
Ukaboni
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Binche
Binche ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hainaut Province mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
General Kanene
General Kanene ngwakwimba wamu charu cha Zambia uyoso ngwakutchuka chomene chifukwa cha vyakwimba vyake vyakusambizga wanthu.
Mphepo ya Frede
Chimphepo cha Freddy chikaŵa chankhongono chomene ndipo chikakoma ŵanthu ŵanandi. Iyi yikaŵa chimphepo chachinayi mu nyengo ya chimphepo cha mu chigaŵa cha Australia mu 2022, ndipo chikaŵa chimphepo chachiŵiri chakukhora chomene mu nyengo ya chimphepo cha mu chigaŵa cha kumwera cha kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Nyanja ya India mu 2023.
Freddy wakayamba kuwoneka pa Febuluwale 4, 2023. Chimphepo ichi chikati chafika mu chigaŵa cha Australia, chikakwera chomene ndipo chikazgoka chimphepo chikuru cha Category 4. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) yikati mphepo ya maminiti 1 yikwendanga makilomita 270 pa ora (165 mph) pa nkhongono ya Freddy, yakuyana na nkhongono ya Category 5 pa sikelo ya Saffir-Simpson. Pa 19 February, Météo-France (MFR) wakapangiska chimphepo cha tropical cyclone, icho chikaputa kwa maminiti 10 pa 220 km/h. Freddy wakayamba kufika kufupi na ku Mananjary, Madagascar. Nyengo yichoko waka, chimphepo ichi chikalopwa pa mtunda, kweni chikakhozga chomene mu Mozambique Channel. Pakati pajumpha nyengo yichoko waka, chimphepo cha Freddy chikakhira kachiŵiri kumwera kwa Vilankulos, Mozambique. Mwamabuci, cipingausiku ici cikapona pa ulendo wake wa ku Mozambique ndipo cikaweleraso pa 1 Malichi. Pakati pajumpha nyengo yichoko waka, MFR yikasintha chiŵembu cha Freddy kuŵa chimphepo chikuru. Pakati pajumpha mazuŵa 10, chimphepo cha Freddy chikakwera chomene pa nyengo ziŵiri, ndipo paumaliro chikamba kuchepa chomene kufupi na Quelimane, Mozambique. Chimphepo ichi chikamba kutikitira kumpoto cha kumafumiro gha dazi kwa charu cha Mozambique pa Malichi 15.
Vinthu vinyake ivyo vikachitika pakunozgekera chimphepo pa virwa vya Mascarene vikaŵa vyakuti ndege zileke kwenda, kuchenjezga ŵanthu za chimphepo, na kunozgekera ŵanthu awo ŵizenge pamanyuma pake. Ku Madagascar, malo agho ghakakhuŵara kale na chimphepo cha Batsirai na Cheneso ghakawopeka kuti ghahenipiskikenge na chimphepo ichi. Pa Febuluwale 21, Freddy wakazingilizga Mauritius na Réunion kumpoto, wakiza na mphepo yankhongono na nyengo yiheni. Cingalaŵa ico cikendera ndembera ya ku Taiwan na ŵanthu 16 cikasoŵa kumpoto ca kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Mauritius. Cimphepo cikakoma ŵanthu ŵanandi kumwera kwa Madagascar. IVinthu vikasuzga chomene ku Mozambique kuluska ku Madagascar, kweniso kukawa vula zinandi kumwera kwa charu ichi. Mu vigaŵa vinyake vya charu ichi mukawa vula ya mamita ghakujumpha 300. Vinthu vikasintha chomene ku Mozambique chifukwa cha kututuka kwa maji na mphepo.
Charu cha Malawi ndicho chikakhwaskika comene cifukwa ca vula izo zikawa nyengo zose. Magesi gha mu charu ichi ghakamara, ndipo chiziŵa chake chikaŵa chambura kugwira ntchito. Pafupifupi ŵanthu 424 ŵakafwa na chimphepo ichi: 326 ku Malawi, 63 ku Mozambique, 17 ku Madagascar, 16 mu ngaraŵa iyo yikanangika kufupi na Mauritius, na 2 ku Zimbabwe. Cifukwa ca masuzgo agho ghakacitika kwa nyengo yitali, vyaru ivyo vikakhwaskika na suzgo ili na mawupu ghanandi ghakawovwira comene ŵanthu. Wupu wa UNICEF na WFP ukawovwira ŵanthu awo ŵakakhwaskika na suzgo ili. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakaŵa na suzgo la vyakurya. Ŵanthu awo ŵakapona ku cimphepo ici ŵakasangika ŵakubisama mu viswaswa na mawoko ghawaka na cigomezgo cakuti ŵangasanga ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakapona.
Mbiri ya nyengo
Pa Janyuwale 30, wupu wakuwona vya mlengalenga wa ku Australia (Australian Bureau of Meteorology, BoM) ukati ku nyanja ya Timor kuli chimphepo chichoko chomene. BoM yikati Tropical Low 13U pa 4 February, ndipo pamasinda pa zuŵa lenelira yikati Tropical Cyclone Category 1, yikati Freddy. Pa zuŵa lenelili, Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) yikati ni chimphepo cha Tropical Cyclone 11S. Pamanyuma, boma likasintha chimphepo cha Freddy kuŵa chimphepo cha Category 2. Chimphepo cha Freddy chafika pa. Chimphepo ichi chikaŵa na jiso ilo likawonekanga pa vithuzithuzi. Freddy wakavuka cifukwa ca CDO na mabingu ghakuzizima. Wupu wa JTWC ukati mphepo ya Freddy yikaputa pa 150 km/h. Freddy wakazgoka chimphepo, ndipo BoM yikati mphepo iyi yikwenera kuti yikendanga pa 100 km/h. Freddy wakakhwima comene ndipo wakaŵa cimphepo cikuru ca Cigaŵa 4 cifukwa ca jiso ilo likaŵa pafupi comene. Pacoko na pacoko Freddy wakamba kughanaghana vinthu vinyake, ndipo maso ghake ghakaleka kulaŵiska makora. Pa 14 February, chimphepo cha Freddy chikajumpha 90° E mu South-West Indian Ocean basin ndipo nyengo yeneyiyo chikalembeka kuti ni chimphepo cha tropical cyclone na Météo-France (MFR).
JTWC yikati Freddy wali na mphepo zakukwana 270 km/h (165 mph) mu miniti yimoza. Zuŵa lakulondezgapo, chimphepo cha Freddy chikazgoka chimphepo chikuru. Pa Febuluwale 21, cha m'ma 7 koloko mulenji, chimphepo ichi chikamba kuputa kufupi na Mananjary, ku Madagascar. Pa Febuluwale 22, chimphepo cha Freddy chikasintha chomene apo chikendanga kumwera kwa Mozambique. Freddy wakazgoka cimphepo cikuru comene pamanyuma pakuti mphepo yikamba kukwera. Freddy wakakhora comene, ndipo wakazgoka cimphepo cikuru. Freddy wakalutilira kwimba sumu zake na mabelu agho ghakaŵa pakati. Pa 12:00 UTC pa 24 February, MFR yikati Freddy wakakhira kachiŵiri kumwera kwa Vilankulos, Mozambique, na mphepo ya maminiti 10 ya 85 km/h (50 mph). Freddy wakazizima comene apo wakendanga kumanjiliro gha dazi na kunjira mu caru. Nangauli MFR yikaleka kupeleka ulongozgi pa Febuluwale 25, kweni yikalutilira kulaŵilira ndipo yikayowoyerathu kuti chimphepo chizamusintha na kuŵa chimphepo. Freddy wakaweleraso ku Mozambique Channel, ndipo MFR yikambaso kuŵika ulongozgi wa chimphepo pa 2 March..
Zuŵa lakulondezgapo, Freddy wakazgoka malo gha nyengo yiheni. Mphepo za mu charu cha Australia zikaŵa pasi pa mphepo za ku South Quadrant. Freddy wakazgoka chimphepo chikuru apo wakasendeleranga ku Madagascar. Vithuzithuzi vya pa satelayiti vikulongora kuti kuli chimphepo chinyake, ndipo chimphepo cha Freddy chikakura chomene. Freddy wakavuka comene cifukwa ca mphepo yikuru ndiposo mphepo yakuzizima. Zuŵa lakulondezgapo, chimphepo chikamba kuchepa na kufika pa 110 km/h. JTWC na MFR ŵakayowoya kuti nkhongono ya Freddy yikakwera kufika pa 120 km/h (75 mph). Freddy wakafika ku Quelimane, chigaŵa cha Zambezia, Mozambique, na mphepo ya 150 km/h (90 mph) pa March 11. Nyengo yikati yajumphapo, mphepo iyi yikanangika, ndipo pa Malichi 13, MFR yikamalizga kulondezga mphepo iyi. Pa Malichi 15, MFR yikati viwangwa vya Freddy vikafumapo.
Mauritius
Mauritius yikapeleka chenjezgo la chimphepo cha kilasi I ku Rodrigues, ndipo pamasinda yikapeleka chenjezgo la chimphepo cha kilasi II. Ndege zochokera ku Rodrigues kupita ku Saint-Denis, Réunion, zinaletsedwa kapena kusinthidwa chifukwa cha nyengo yoipa. Nduna yikuru ya caru ici, Pravind Jugnauth, yikayowoya mazgu agha pa wayilesi na pa wayilesi apo yikaciskanga ŵanthu kuti ŵaŵe maso. Wupu wakuwona vya mlengalenga wa ku Mauritius (MMS) ukachenjezga kuti chimphepo chizamuputa chomene. Kweniso charu ichi chikajara masheya ghake apo chimphepo chikasendeleranga. Ŵanthu 1,019 ŵakabisama mu malo ghakusungirako ŵanthu.
Réunion
Pa Febuluwale 18, MFR yikapharazga chenjezgo la chimphepo chakuchemeka yellow pre-alert ku Réunion. Zuŵa lakulondezgapo, boma likapeleka chenjezgo lakuti masukulu ghose ghajarike. Ŵalwari awo ŵakakhumbikwiranga wovwiri mwaluŵiro ŵakeneranga kuwelera ku nyumba, ndipo awo ŵakakhumbikwiranga wovwiri mwaluŵiro ŵakeneranga kuluta ku malo ghanyake. Kampani ya magesi ya pa cirwa ici, ya EDF La Réunion, yikanozga ŵantchito 200 na ŵantchito ŵanyake 100 kufuma ku makampani ghanyake kuti ŵanozge vinthu mwaluŵiro para cimphepo caleka. Mu maofesi agha mukaŵa ŵantchito ŵanyake 60. Kampani iyi yikanozgaso magalimoto 50, vinthu vya magesi, mageneretara 15, na ma helikopita 4. Ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu vigaŵa ivyo kukawa chimphepo chikuru cha Batsirai mu Febuluwale 2022 ŵakafipanga mtima kuti para Freddy wiza, vinthu vinganangikirathu. Ŵalara ŵa boma ku Le Tampon ŵakalindiliranga nyengo iyo ŵasilikari ŵizirenge.
Braine-le-Comte
Braine-le-Comte ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hainaut Province mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Mphepo ya Frede
Réunion
Pakuti nyanja yikaŵa pa mlengalenga, ŵakajara misewu ya Nouvelle route du Littoral, ndipo ŵakazenga mabasi ghakwendeskera ŵanthu. Pa Febuluwale 20, gulu la RSMA-R likawovwira ŵanthu 250 kuti ŵapone. Muhanya wenewura, ndege zose za pa Roland Garros Airport zikamara kugwira ntchito. Ŵakapeleka chenjezgo lakuti maji ghangaseŵa pakati pa Champs Borne na Pointe des Cascades. Msumba wa Saint-Benoît ukajura malo ghaŵiri ghakupumulirako ŵanthu na kujara malo ghose ghakusoperapo. Ŵalara ŵa boma ku Saint-Pierre ŵakaleka viphikiro vya viphikiro vya viphikiro ivi kwa masabata ghaŵiri.
Madagascar
Chimphepo cha Freddy chikatimbanizga vigaŵa vya Madagascar ivyo vichali kusuzgika na chimphepo cha Batsirai na Emnati mu 2022; ŵanthu 874,067 ŵakaŵa na suzgo la vyakurya mu chigaŵa ichi. Medair wakati chigaŵa ichi chikusuzgika na suzgo la kusoŵa chakurya pa ŵana cifukwa cakuti ŵanthu ŵakutondeka kovwira ŵanthu awo ŵakakhwaskika na chimphepo. Pa Febuluwale 18, wupu wa Meteorology ukachenjezga ŵanthu ŵa mu vigaŵa vya Analanjirofo na Sava kuti ŵacitenge mwamahara cifukwa ca chimphepo ici. Wupu wa vya mlengalenga ku Madagascar ukati ku malo agha, "kuzamulokwa vula zinandi" ndipo "nyanja zizamuŵa zinandi chomene". Boma la Madagascar likanozga vyakurya vyakukwana matani 120 (120 long tons; 130 short tons). Pa Febuluwale 21, masukulu na mawoko ghakajalika. Ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵa pangozi ya kukumana na Freddy ŵakaŵika mathumba gha mchenga pa mtenje wa nyumba zawo. Wupu wa International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) ku Madagascar ukati uli kunozgekera chimphepo. Météo-France yikayowoya pa 19 February kuti maji ghakukwana 200 mm (7.9 inchi) ghangaŵa kuti ghafuma mu vigaŵa vya kumwera kwa Madagascar. Wupu wa Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System ukati ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 2.2 miliyoni ŵazamukhuŵara na chimphepo cha Freddy. Wupu wa National Office for Risk and Disaster Management (BNGRC) watumizga mahema, vingwe, ma chainsaws, na vinthu vinyake ku vigaŵa vya kumafumiro gha dazi. Ofesi ya United Nations for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) na ŵanyawo ŵakatuma ŵanthu 80 ku Mahanoro, Mananjary, na Manakara, ndipo ŵakaŵika ndege ziŵiri zakunozgekera. Wupu uwu ukatondeka kupeleka wovwiri wakukwana cifukwa ca kusoŵa ndalama kweniso suzgo la chimphepo cha Cheneso. Wupu wa Medair ukaŵa kuti uli kale na maofesi mu chigaŵa cha kumwera na kumwera kwa Madagascar. Ŵakayowoya chomene vya kupeleka maji ghakumwa ghakutowa ku ŵanthu ŵa mu Marondava na Maroansetra. Ŵanthu 7,000 ŵakafumiskika mu vigaŵa vya mumphepete mwa nyanja pambere Freddy wandafike..
First arrival
Malipoti ghakulongora kuti ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 600,000 ŵakakhwaskika na chimphepo ichi. Mvula yikaloserathu kuti yizenge 200~300 mm kumwera kwa Beira mu chigaŵa cha Inhambane, na 400 mm (16 inchi) ku malo agha. Ŵanthu ŵakayowoyerathu kuti vula yizamuteka kwa mwezi umoza. Wupu wa vya mlengalenga wa ku caru ici ukapeleka cenjezgo lakuŵaŵa pa Febuluwale 21. Vikuwoneka kuti vula yikuru iyo yikalokwa pa nyengo yitali yikapangiska kuti maji ghatutuke mu chigaŵa chapakati na kumpoto kwa charu ichi. Ŵakapeleka vyakurya, mahema, na maboti kuti ŵawovwire ŵanthu.
Second arrival
Mu Malichi 2023, apo Freddy wakasendeleranga kachiŵiri, Mozambique National Meteorology Institute (INAM) yikayowoyerathu kuti pa maora 24 mu vigaŵa vya Manica, Sofala, Tete, na Zambezia, vula yizamugwa chomene. Vikuwoneka kuti vula yizamujumpha 400 mm. Wupu wa National Institute for Disaster Risk Management and Reduction (INGD) ukati ŵanthu pafupifupi 565,000 ŵakaŵa pangozi, kweni wupu wa United Nations na European Union ukati ŵanthu 2.3 miliyoni ŵakaŵa pangozi. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakaŵasamuskira ku malo ghakubisamamo.
Malawi
Cimphepo cikuru ici cikeneranga kutimbanizga caru ca Malawi, na kwiza na vula zinandi na mphepo zakunanga kumwera kwa caru ici. Ŵanthu ŵakayowoyerathu kuti vula yizamujumpha 400 mm. Unduna wa vya masambiro ukalangura kuti kilasi lililose lileke kugwira ntchito mu vigaŵa ivyo vili pa ngozi.
Vyakukhwaska
IMu nyengo iyi, mu Mozambique na Malawi mukawa vula zinandi. Mphepo zikuruzikuru zikaputa mu vigaŵa vinyake, ndipo vinthu vinyake vikakhwaskika cifukwa ca kututuka kwa maji. Cifukwa cakuti Freddy wakacedwa kufika ku Mozambique na Malawi, vula yikamba kuwa comene.
Mauritius
Kuyana na MMS, chimphepo ichi chikaŵa pa mtunda wa makilomita 200 kufuma pa chirwa ichi, kumpoto kwa Grand Bay. Mphepo na majigha vikaputa kumpoto kwa Mauritius. Mphepo mu Port Louis yikafika pa 104 km/h (65 mph) apo mphepo yikuru ya 154 km/h (96 mph) yikawoneka pa Signal Mountain. Mu caru ici mukaŵaso maji ghanandi na chimphepo.
Pafupifupi 4 koloko mulenji pa 20 Febuluwale, kukumana kukamara na boti la ku Taiwan lakucemeka LV Lien Sheng Fa ilo likaŵa na ŵanthu 16. Pa ŵanthu aŵa pakaŵa kazembe wa ku Taiwan na ŵalovi 15 ŵa ku Indonesia. Wupu wakuwona vya somba ku Taiwan ukatuma uthenga wakuti ngalaŵa iyi yazgeŵa pa Febuluwale 23. Sitima ya MV Star Venture yikasanga boti ili likubinkha pa 25 February pafupifupi 400 km (250 mi) kumpoto kwa Mauritius mukati mwa chigaŵa cha chuma cha chalo ichi. Nyengo yikati yajumphapo, ndege ya Dornier na sitima ya CGA Baracuda yikatondeka kusanga ŵanthu awo ŵakapona. Chirwa cha Mauritius chikatuma ŵanthu kuti ŵamanye kuti ni ngalaŵa wuli. Kweni pa 3 March, boti ili ŵakalisanga yayi..
Réunion
Freddy wakasuzga Réunion pa Febuluwale 20-21, ndipo wakawovwira viŵi yayi. Ŵanthu pafupifupi 25,000 ŵakaŵavya magesi pa nyengo iyo chimphepo chikaŵa chikuru chomene. Ku Saint-Paul, matani 20 gha mango ghakabwanganduka. Msewu wa RD48 ku Salazie ukajalika cifukwa ca kudumuka kwa caru. Malo 11 agho Orange S.A. yikagwiliskiranga nchito ghakaleka kugwira nchito ku Tampon, Saint-Louis, na Saint-Paul. Pa Febuluwale 23, mphepo ya Foehn yikapangiska kuti ku Reunion kuŵe chithukivu cha pakati pa 31 na 36 °C.
Madagascar
Vinthu vikapwetekeka viŵi yayi cifukwa ca mphepo ya Freddy iyo yikaŵa yambura nkhongono, kweniso cifukwa ca kunozgekera. Freddy wakafika pa mtunda pafupi na msumba wa Mananjary, uwo ukaŵa kuti uchali kupweteka na chimphepo cha Batsirai.. Nyumba zakujumpha 14,000 zikakhwaskika, 5,500 zikaparanyika, 3,079 zikazura na maji, ndipo 9,696 zikanangika. Ŵanthu ŵakukwana 24,358 ŵakachimbira mu vikaya vyawo, ndipo ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 12,000 ŵakachimbira mu Mananjary pera.
Freddy wakalekaso masukulu 79 kwambura mtenje, ndipo ghanyake 37 ghakasakazika ndipo ghanyake 6 ghakabwanganduka. Ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 11,000 ŵakacimbira mu nyumba zawo cifukwa ca cimphepo ici. Chigaŵa icho chikanangika na chimphepo cha Freddy chikaŵa na malo ghakukwana 13 m'paka 15. Pafupifupi ŵanthu 17 ŵakafwa na chimphepo ichi ndipo ŵanthu 299,000 ŵakakhwaskika.
Mozambique
Pafupifupi ŵanthu 63 ŵakafwa na 267,000 ŵakakhwaskika na chimphepo cha Freddy.
First landfall
Chimphepo chankhongono cha Freddy chikafika ku Mozambique kakwamba kumwera kwa Vilanculos, mu chigaŵa cha Inhambane. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakayowoya kuti vinthu vinyake vikavunda, comenecomene cifukwa ca makuni na madenga ivyo vikawa. Vinthu vya boma na maofesi navyo vikanangika comene, kusazgapo maofesi gha munkhwala 60, na masukulu 1,012. Pafupifupi ŵanthu 10 ŵakafwa pa ulendo wakwamba. Ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 166,600 ŵakakhwaskika. Chigaŵa chikuru cha kumwera kwa charu ichi chikaŵa na vula ya mamita 200 m'paka 500 (7.87 inchi m'paka 19.68 inchi). Nyumba zinandi zikanangika, ndipo pafupifupi 28,300 zikaparanyika. Vipambi vya mahekitala ghakujumpha 92,000 vikakhwaskika, ndipo mahekitala ghakujumpha 18,700 ghakazgeŵa mu vigaŵa ivyo vikaŵa na vyakurya vyakukwana 400,000. Cimphepo ici cikacitika pa nyengo iyo kukaŵa nthenda ya kolera, ndipo ici cikapangiska ŵanthu kughanaghana kuti cimphepo ici cinganangiska vinthu.
Second landfall
Freddy wakakhira kachiŵiri mu chigaŵa cha Zambezia pa Malichi 11, wakizaso na vula zinandi, chimphepo chikuru, na mphepo zinonono chomene pakuyaniska na izo zikaŵa mu chigaŵa ichi. Mlonga wa Zambezi na wa Tambarara ukaŵa na maji ghanandi comene pambere wandafike ku mtunda. Wupu wakupeleka magesi ukaŵa kuti wazimya magesi ghose cifukwa ca chimphepo. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Quelimane ŵakayowoya kuti ŵakawona nyumba zakupasuka, mawindo ghakubwanganduka, kweniso misewu yakuzura maji. Mu msumba uwu mukaŵa mphepo zakukwana 175 km/h (110 mph). Ndege zose zikanangika cifukwa ca nyengo yiheni iyo Freddy wakizira.
Mu nyengo yakwambilira ya chimphepo ichi, mawupu gha kwendera lumoza na magesi ghakamara. Kampani ya magesi ya Electricidade de Moçambique yikati ku vigaŵa vinandi magesi ghakawelerapo pa 11 March namise. Guy Taylor, uyo ni mulara wa UNICEF pa nkhani ya kuvikilira ŵanthu, kudumbiskana, na kukolerana, wakati pakaŵa "vinthu vinandi ivyo vikaparanyika", ndipo Freddy "wangaŵa kuti ni soka likuru". Taylor wakayowoyaso kuti malo gha ku mizi ghakaparanyika. Mu msumba wa Quelimane, maji ghakwenda makora ghakamara.
Mapulogiramu gha pa TV gha boma ghakayowoya kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakachimbira mu msumba uwu chifukwa cha nyifwa ya Freddy. Nyumba zakukwana 650 mu cigaŵa ca Marromeu, na zakukwana 3,000 mu cigaŵa ca Sofala zikakhwaskika na maji. TMu vilimika vinayi pera, mu caru ici mukawa vula zinandi comene. Ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha ŵakuti maji ghakututuka ghakaŵa ghaheni pambere ŵandafike ku mtunda. Mu mapulaneti ghakwambilira agho ghakaŵa na malo ghakukwana 24,000 km2 (9,300 sq mi), ŵanthu ŵakaghanaghananga kuti malo agha ghakukwana 900 km2 (350 sq mi). Malo ghakupambanapambana ghakapokera vula yakujumpha 500-1000 mm, ndipo malo ghanyake ghakaŵa ghachoko chomene. Kweniso ŵanthu awo ŵakakhwaskika na nthenda ya kolera ŵakasazgikira. Vyaru 8 vikapwetekeka na chimphepo ichi.
Chipatala chakale ku Quelimane chikaphulika, ndipo chikaŵa chinonono kovwira awo ŵakakhumbikwiranga wovwiri. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakasoŵa pakukhala mu nyengo ya chimphepo, ndipo ŵakabisama mu masukulu, agho ghakazgoka malo ghakupokelerako ŵalendo. Kweniso minda yinandi yikazura na maji. Bungwe la INGD likati chimphepo ichi chikakhwaska chomene Mozambique kuluska umo ŵakaghanaghaniranga. Freddy wakasuzga ŵanthu mu vigaŵa ivyo pakwamba ŵakaviwonanga kuti ni vyakofya yayi. Pa nyengo yose iyi, Freddy wakakoma ŵanthu 53. Ŵanthu 96,200 nawo ŵakakhwaskika. Ŵanthu pafupifupi 49,000 ŵakachimbira mu vikaya vyawo ndipo ŵanyake 280 ŵakapwetekeka. Nyumba zakujumpha 1,900 zikakhwaskika, ndipo 832 zikanangika.
Malawi
Pambere Freddy wandafike ku Malawi, caru ici cikaŵa na nthenda ya kolera iyo yikaŵa yiheni comene. Vinthu ivyo vikachitika na Freddy vikapangiska ŵanthu kopa kuti vinthu viheni viŵenge vinandi. Ku chigaŵa cha kumwera kwa charu ichi ndiko kukawa vula zinandi chomene. Vigaŵa ivi ni Blantyre, Phalombe, Mulanje, Chikhwawa, na Nsanje. Maji ghakututuka ghakasakaza malo ghanandi, ghakasakaza nyumba na ŵanthu. Charu chose chikaŵavya magesi chifukwa chakuti wupu wa EGENCO ukaleka kupeleka magesi. Malo ghakupangira magesi gha maji mu caru ici ghakaŵa ghambura kugwiriskika nchito cifukwa ca viswaswa. Pa zuŵa limoza pera, kukawa vula zinandi izo zikaŵa zakukwana mwezi umoza.
Ŵanthu ŵakukwana 326 ŵakakomeka apo Freddy wakawukira ndipo ŵanyake 201 ŵakasoŵa, ndipo 774 ŵakapwetekeka. Pa ŵanthu aŵa, ŵakukwana 158 ŵakafwa mu msumba wa Blantyre. Wupu wa Médecins Sans Frontières ukuti pa ŵanthu aŵa, 40 ŵakaŵa ŵana. Pafupifupi ŵanthu 84,000 ŵakacimbira mu caru cose, ndipo ŵakacimbizgika mu nyumba zawo. Nyumba zakujumpha 50,000 zikakhwaskika. Ŵalimi ŵacokoŵacoko ŵanandi ŵakataya vyakurya na minda yawo cifukwa ca cimphepo ici. Msumba wa Mtauchira mu chigaŵa cha Chiradzulu ukaparanyika chifukwa cha kudumuka kwa maji kufuma pa Phiri la Chambe. Pafupifupi ŵanthu 7 ŵakafwa ndipo 40 ŵakapwetekeka mu muzi uwu apo ŵanji ŵakasoŵa pa 14 March. Malo ghakujumpha 430 km2 ghakazura na maji.
Ku Chilobwe, nyumba zinandi zikayegheka na maji. Masukulu gha mu vigaŵa 10 vya kumwera ghajalika m'paka pa Malichi 15. Ku Salima na Lilongwe nako kukawa vula. Pulezidenti wa Malaŵi, Lazarus Chakwera, wapharazga kuti ku vigaŵa vya kumwera kuli soka. Ŵanthu ŵakaghanaghananga kuti ŵanthu awo ŵakafwa ŵali kusi ku viswaswa. Apo Freddy wakaŵa mu caru, ungweru ukaŵa palipose yayi. Misewu yinandi na milatho vikamara, ndipo vigaŵa vinandi vikaŵa vyambura kwenda. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakakhalanga mu chipalamba cha Chiradzulu.
Zimbabwe
Vula yikuru iyo yikathika kufuma ku Freddy, yikananga chigaŵa cha kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Zimbabwe kwa nyengo yitali. Kuumaliro wa Febuluwale, apo chimphepo ichi chikasunkhunyikanga mu Mozambiki, kukawa vula yikuru na mphepo yankhongono. Mu chigaŵa cha Mashonaland Central, nyumba zinkhondi na masukulu ghaŵiri ghakabwangasuka. Munthu yumoza wakafwa mu Shamva pa 26 February apo khuni ilo ŵakakhalanga pasi likagumuka. Munthu munyake nayo wakafwa cifukwa ca cinthu cinyake. Mu cigaŵa ca Masvingo, nyumba yimoza yikanangika na vula ndipo yinyake yikanangika na leza. Chigaŵa cha Manicaland chikakhwaskika comene na vula izo zikathika kufuma pa Malichi 12 m'paka 14. Ku Nyanga kukawa vula ya mamita 102 na ku Mukandi ya mamita 97. Vipambi vikakhwaskika mu vigaŵa vya Chipinge na Chiredzi.
Kunyake
Ku South Africa na Eswatini kukawa vula ya mamita 251. Ku Zambia nako kukawa vula zinandi.
Madagascar
Ŵakapeleka vyakurya vyakukwana matani 64 pamanyuma pa nyifwa ya Freddy. Malo ghanandi ghakubisamamo ghakajulika, ndipo ghanandi ghakafumiskikapo zuŵa limoza pamanyuma pa chimphepo. Wupu wakuwona vya vyakurya pa caru cose ukapeleka vyakurya vinandi ku ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵa mu malo ghakubisamamo. Ŵanthu 100,000 ŵakapika wovwiri wa ndalama kwa myezi yiŵiri, ndipo ŵanthu 40,000 ŵakapika wovwiri wa vyakurya kwa myezi yitatu..
Mozambique
UNICEF yikapeleka vinthu vyakutozgera maji, munkhwala, mahema, na vinthu vinyake vyakovwira mbumba na ŵana. Pa 13 March, ŵanthu 5,000 ŵakakhalanga mu malo ghakukhalamo ndipo ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 100,000 ŵakakhumbikwiranga wovwiri. Boma likanozgekeranga yayi chimphepo chikuru nga ni cha Freddy, ndipo likayezgayezga kuti liŵawovwire. Bungwe la Amnesty International likati Mozambique yikwenera kupokera malipiro chifukwa cha suzgo la Freddy. Pulezidenti wa Mozambique, Filipe Nyusi, wakapempha wovwiri na kuzengaso vinthu vinyake. Kweniso wakapeleka ndalama zakukwana MT250 miliyoni ($3.9 million) ku chigaŵa cha Zambezia kuti viwovwire kuwezgerapo milimo ya zuŵa na zuŵa.
Malawi
Pa 14 March boma la Malawi likakhazikiska misasa 57 ya ŵanthu ŵakusuzgika. Ŵanthu awo ŵakovwira ŵanthu ŵakakolerananga comene na boma nangauli vinthu vikaŵa makora yayi cifukwa ca Freddy. Vyakovwira ivyo vikaŵikika pambere chimphepo chindafike vikawovwira mbumba. Gulu la ŵaponoski likatumika ku malo gha Chilobwe, Machinjiri na Ndirande ku Blantyre. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Malawi ŵakawungana kuti ŵawovwire ŵanthu awo ŵakasuzgika na suzgo ili. Bungwe la Amnesty International likasachizga kuti Malawi wapokere malipiro chifukwa cha masuzgo gha Freddy, chifukwa ndiyo yikupangiska kusintha kwa nyengo.
Kuzgoreka pa caru cose
Papa Francis wakalongosora umo waliri na ŵanthu awo ŵakakhwaskika na chimphepo. Vyaru vinandi nga ni Cuba, India, South Africa, na Tanzania, vikaŵalengera lusungu ŵanthu ŵa ku Malawi, Mozambique, na Madagascar.
Wonaniso
Mphepo ya mathithi yakuyana na Freddy
Châtelet, Belgium
Châtelet, Belgium ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hainaut Province mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Mphepo ya Frede
Wonaniso
Related tropical cyclones
Comines-Warneton
Comines-Warneton ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hainaut Province mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Fleurus
Fleurus ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hainaut Province mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Charleroi
Charleroi ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hainaut Province mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Lessines
Lessines ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hainaut Province mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Enghien
Enghien ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hainaut Province mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
La Louvière
La Louvière ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hainaut Province mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Mons
Mons ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hainaut Province mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Chimay
Chimay ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hainaut Province mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Chièvres
Chièvres ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hainaut Province mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Péruwelz
Péruwelz ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hainaut Province mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Leuze-en-Hainaut
Leuze-en-Hainaut ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hainaut Province mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Kabineti ya Malaŵi
Boma la Malaŵi lili na pulezidenti, wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti, nduna, na madokotala.
Kabineti pa 31 January 2023
Boma liphya likimikika pa 31 January, 2023.
Kabineti pa January 2022
Boma la Pulezidenti Lazarus Chakwera kuyambira Januwale 2022, lili ndi nduna zokwanira 24 ndi nduna zosinthira 9. Colleen Zamba ni mulembi wa sono wa pulezidenti na nduna. Wakalowa m'malo mwa Zangazanga chikhosi pamanyuma pa kutumika kwake pa Juni 1, 2022 Secretary to the President and Cabinet ndi udindo wa boma womwe umagwira ntchito ngati mutu wa Secretariat ya nduna. Mulara wa milandu nayo wakuteŵetera nga ni mulaŵiliri wa boma. Thabo Chakaka Nyirenda ni loya mukuru wa Malawi.
Ukaboni
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Le Rœulx
Le Rœulx ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hainaut Province mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Saint-Ghislain
Saint-Ghislain ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hainaut Province mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Soignies
Soignies ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hainaut Province mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Mouscron
Mouscron ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hainaut Province mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Thuin
Thuin ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hainaut Province mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Eupen
Eupen ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Liège mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Hannut
Hannut ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Liège mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Tournai
Tournai ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hainaut Province mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Ans, Belgium
Ans, Belgium ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Liège mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Fontaine-l'Évêque
Fontaine-l'Évêque ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hainaut Province mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Malmedy
Malmedy ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Liège mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Limbourg
Limbourg ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Liège mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Liège
Liège ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Liège mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Mndandanda wa misumba yaku Italy
Pano pali mazina gha misumba ya ku Italy iyo muli ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 50,000. Pa chithuzithuzi icho chili pasi apa pali unandi wa ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu misumba pa Disembala 31, 2021, nga umo wupu wa Italy National Institute of Statistics ukayowoyera. Matawuni agho ghali kulembeka mu vilembo vyakukhora ni misumba yikuru ya vigaŵa.
Ian Michael
Mbili
Ian Michael wakababika mu Kelso, Scotland, mu 1915. Wakati waŵa profesa wakwamba wa masambiro pa Yunivesite ya Khartoum, Dr. Michael wakasankhika kuŵa Vice-Chancellor wa University of Malawi mu 1964. Mu 1973 wakaŵa movwiri wa mulongozgi wa University of London Institute of Education pambere wandapumule mu 1978.
Stavelot
Stavelot ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Liège mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Ian Michael
Mbili
Michael wakalemba mabuku ghanandi ghakulongosora umo ŵangasambizgira Cingelezi.
Visé
Visé ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Liège mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Verviers
Verviers ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Liège mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
St. Vith
St. Vith ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Liège mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Waremme
Waremme ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Liège mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Beringen, Belgium
Beringen, Belgium ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Limburg mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Dilsen-Stokkem
Dilsen-Stokkem ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Limburg mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Milan
Milan ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Lombardy, mu charu cha Italy mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
L'Aquila
L'Aquila ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Abruzzo, mu charu cha Italy mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Pescara
Pescara ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Abruzzo, mu charu cha Italy mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Borgloon
Borgloon ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Limburg mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Halen
Halen ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Limburg mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Bree, Belgium
Bree, Belgium ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Limburg mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Montesilvano
Montesilvano ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Abruzzo, mu charu cha Italy mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Abruzzo
Abruzzo ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Abruzzo, mu charu cha Italy mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Apulia
Apulia ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Apulia, mu charu cha Italy mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Teramo
Teramo ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Abruzzo, mu charu cha Italy mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Spa, Belgium
Spa, Belgium ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Liège mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Bilzen
Bilzen ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Limburg mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Catherine Gotani Hara
Catherine Gotani Hara ni wandale wa ku Malawi uyo wakuteŵetera nga ni Speaker wa National Assembly kufuma mu June 2019, mwanakazi wakwamba kugwira ntchito iyi.
Umoyo na masambiro
Gotani Hara wakasambira pa Kamuzu Academy, ndipo wali na digiri ya Bachelor of Arts mu sayansi ya ndyali kufuma ku Chancellor College ku University of Malawi. Apo wakaŵa ku yunivesite, wakacitanga milimo ya chipani ca Malawi Congress Party. Kufuma mu 1998 m'paka mu 2000, wakamalizga masambiro gha ku yunivesite ku Brighton.
Ntchito
Gotani Hara wakasankhika kuŵa mphala ya malango ya Mzimba North East mu 2009, wakwimira Democratic Progressive Party.
Gotani Hara wakaŵa Deputy Minister of Transport and Public Infrastructure, Deputy Minister for Gender, na Minister of Health mu boma la Joyce Banda. Wakayimilira chalo cha Malawi pa viphikiro vinandi vya vyaru vyakupambanapambana, ndipo wakaŵa mulongozgi wa chalo cha Malawi pa ungano wa Climate Change Summit ku Brazil. Wakaŵa mu komiti ya Northern Region Water Board. Pambuyo pa imfa ya Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika mu 2012, adalengeza poyera kuti ndizosagwirizana ndi malamulo kuti mamembala a DPP politburo atenge utsogoleri. Wakaleka vya ndyali kufuma mu 2014 mpaka 2019.
Gotani Hara wakasankhikaso mu mwezi wa Meyi 2019 kwimira chipani cha Malawi Congress Party ndipo pa 19 Juni 2019, wakasankhika kuŵa mwanakazi wakwamba kuyowoya nkhani mu Nyumba ya Malango, na mavoti 97 pa 93 kuluska Esther Mcheka Chilenje uyo wakaŵa wachiŵiri wa speaker.
Ukaboni
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Etta Banda
Umoyo Wakwambilira
Banda wakasambira unesi ku koleji ya ku Malawi ndipo wakagwira ntchito iyi kwa nyengo yitali. Pamanyuma pake wakalutizga masambiro ghake, pakwamba ku South Africa ndipo pamanyuma ku United States, uko wakamalizga masambiro ghake na digiri ya Master of Science (M.Sc.) mu nursing ya Community Health ku Boston University. Pamanyuma, wakamalizga masambiro gha udokotala pa Yunivesite ya Maryland, mu vyaru vya nursing administration, education, na policy. Wakati wawelera ku Malawi, Banda wakamba kusambizga pa sukulu ya Kamuzu College of Nursing ku Lilongwe. Kafukufuku wake wakajintha pa ndondomeko ya umoyo wa ŵanthu mu Malawi na mu vigaŵa vya kumwera kwa Africa, ndipo wakaŵa mu komiti ya kulemba mabuku ya African Journal of Midwifery. Paumaliro wakasankhika kuŵa mulara wa koleji iyi, ndipo pamasinda wakaŵa movwiri wa mulara wa koleji na mulara wake.
Ukaboni
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Bari
Bari ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Apulia, mu charu cha Italy mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
David Kimble
David Bryant Kimble (12 May 1921 - 8 March 2009) wakaŵa nkhwantha ya vya masambiro ya ku Britain uyo wakagwira ntchito mu vyaru vya Tanzania, Botswana, Lesotho, Eswatini na Malawi. Wakaŵa Vice-Chancellor wa University of Malawi kufuma mu 1977 mpaka 1987.
Ntchito
Kuumaliro kwa m'ma 1940, Kimble wakaŵa msambizgi wa ku Gold Coast (uko sono ni Ghana).
Mu 1960 wakapokera PhD ku University of London chifukwa cha thesis yake pa nkhani ya kukwera kwa mtundu, ndipo ndiyo yikaŵa fundo ya buku lake lakuti The Political History of Ghana Vol 1: 1850~1928, ilo likalembeka mu 1962.
Mu 1962, Kimble wakazgoka Pulofesa wa Political Science pa University College of Dar es Salaam; mu 1966, wakamba uteŵeti wa vyaka viŵiri nga ni mulongozgi wa Institute of Public Administration. Kufuma mu 1968 kufika mu 1971, wakaŵa ku Tangier ku CAFRAD, wupu uwo ukacitanga vinthu vyakukhwaskana na boma.