cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Orth an der Donau
Orth an der Donau ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Beuda
Beuda ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Pernegg
Pernegg ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Paudorf
Paudorf ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Palterndorf-Dobermannsdorf
Palterndorf-Dobermannsdorf ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Pernitz
Pernitz ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Biure
Biure ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Payerbach
Payerbach ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Perchtoldsdorf
Perchtoldsdorf ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Brunyola
Brunyola ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Cabanes (Girona)
Cabanes (Girona) ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Petzenkirchen
Petzenkirchen ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Los Angeles
Los Angeles (Los Ángeles, ), kanandi zina lake likulembeka kuti L.A., ni msumba uwo uli na ŵanthu ŵanandi comene mu California, U.S.A. Msumba uwu ndiwo uli pakatikati pa malonda, ndalama, na kakhaliro ka ŵanthu ŵa ku Southern California. Los Angeles ni tawuni yaciŵiri ya ŵanthu ŵanandi mu United States pamanyuma pa New York City, na ŵanthu pafupifupi 3.9 miliyoni mu mphepete mwa tawuni iyi mu 2020. Los Angeles wali na mphepo ya ku Meditereniyani, ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yakupambanapambana, ndiposo msumba ukuru. Cikaŵa cikaya ca makampani gha mafilimu gha ku Hollywood.
TChigawo chachikulu cha mzindawu chili mu chigawo cha kumwera kwa California pafupi ndi nyanja ya Pacific kumadzulo ndipo chimadutsa m'mapiri a Santa Monica ndi kumpoto ku San Fernando Valley, pomwe mzindawu uli m'malire a San Gabriel Valley kum'mawa kwake. Chigaŵa ichi chili na malo ghakukwana 1210 km2 ndipo chili ku chigaŵa cha Los Angeles, icho chili na ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene ku United States. Kuzakafika mu 2022, chigaŵa ichi chizamukhala ŵanthu pafupifupi 9.86 miliyoni. Ni tawuni yacitatu iyo ŵanthu ŵakuluta kukaya ku United States, pamanyuma pa New York City na Miami, ndipo ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 4.6 miliyoni ŵakaluta kukaya mu tawuni iyi mu 2019.
Cigaŵa ico sono ni Los Angeles, pakwamba cikakhalanga na ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Tongva, ndipo pamanyuma pake Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo wakacicemera zina ili mu 1542. Msumba uwu ukapangika pa Seputembala 4, 1781, na kazembe wa Spain Felipe de Neve, pa muzi wa Yaanga. Cikaŵa cigaŵa ca Mexico mu 1821 pamasinda pa Nkhondo ya Kujiyimira. Mu 1848, paumaliro wa Nkhondo ya Mexico na America, boma la Los Angeles na chigaŵa chinyake cha California ŵakagura ku United States na phangano la Guadalupe Hidalgo. Pa Epulero 4, 1850, pamanyuma pa myezi yinkhondi, msumba wa Los Angeles ukapangika kuŵa boma. Mu ma 1890 mafuta ghakati ghasangika, msumba uwu ukakura mwaluŵiro. Msumba uwu ukakura comene cifukwa ca kuzengeka kwa mugelo wa maji wa Los Angeles Aqueduct mu 1913.
Los Angeles wali na ŵanthu ŵa mu vyaru vyakupambanapambana ndipo ŵali na mafakitale ghakupambanapambana. Lili na dowoko la katundu likuru chomene ku vyaru vya ku America. Mu chaka cha 2018, msumba wa Los Angeles ukaŵa na ndalama zakukwana $1 trillion, ndipo uwu ukaŵa msumba wachitatu pa charu chose pa ndalama zakukwana $1 trillion, pamanyuma pa New York na Tokyo. Ku Los Angeles ndiko kukacitikira maseŵero gha Olimpiki mu 1932 na 1984, ndipo ndiko kuzamucitikira maseŵero gha Olimpiki mu 2028. Sonosono apa, cikhutu ico cikacitika mu California, cikapangiska kuti maji gha mu msumba uwu na gha mu Los Angeles ghaŵe ghambura maji.
Zina
Kuyana na umo zina la msumba uwu likazunulikiranga ku malo agha, lizgu ili likusinthanga kufuma ku zina linyake kuya ku linyake. Nkhani ya mu 1953 mu nyuzipepara ya American Name Society yikayowoya kuti mazina gha malo agha ghakafuma ku mazina gha ŵanthu ŵa ku Spain.. In 1908, librarian Charles Fletcher Lummis, who argued for the name's pronunciation with a hard g, reported that there were at least 12 pronunciation variants. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1900, nyuzipepara ya Los Angeles Times yikayowoya kuti lizgu ili likwenera kuzunulika kuti Loce AHNG-hayl-ais (/loʊs ˈɑːŋheɪleɪs/), kung'anamura kuti lizgu ili likwenera kuzunulika kuti Loce AHNG-hayl-ais. Ici cikaŵa cakukondweska yayi.
Kufuma mu ma 1930, /lɔːs ˈændʒələs/ ndiyo yikayowoyekanga comene. Mu 1934, wupu wa United States Board on Geographic Names ukadumura kuti mazgu agha ghalembeke nthena. Mu 1952, "jury" iyo yikimikika na Meya Fletcher Bowron yikakolerana nayo fundo iyi.
Kuyowoya mazgu mu United Kingdom kukusazgapo /lɒs ˈændʒɪliːz, -lɪz, -lɪs/ loss AN-jil-eez, -iz, -iss. Jack Windsor Lewis wakalongosora mazgu agho ghakuyowoyeka kanandi,, mazgu agha ghakalembekanga mwakuyana na mazgu gha Chigiriki agho ghakumalira pa -es, "ghakalongoranga kuti ŵanthu ŵakamanyanga makora mabuku gha mu Baibolo agho ghakalembekanga kale, kweni Chisipanishi chikamanyanga yayi".
Mbiri ya ŵanthu ŵakwambilira
Ŵanthu ŵa ku California awo ŵakakhalanga mu chigaŵa icho lero ni Los Angeles Basin na San Fernando Valley, ŵakaŵa ŵa mtundu wa Tongva (uwo sono ukuchemekaso Gabrieleño kufuma mu nyengo ya ŵanthu ŵa ku Spain). Ku malo agha ndiko kukaŵa tawuni ya Yaanga (Tongva: Iyáangaʾ), iyo yikung'anamura "malo gha khuni la thondo", ndipo zuŵa linyake ndiko ŵanthu ŵa ku Spain ŵakazenga tawuni ya Pueblo de Los Ángeles. Iyáangaʾ likung'anamulikaso kuti "dambo la josi".
Boma la Spain
Mu 1542 Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, uyo wakendanga pa nyanja, wakapika chigaŵa cha kumwera kwa California kuti chiŵe cha Ufumu wa Spain. Gaspar de Portolà na mishonale Juan Crespí ŵakafika pa malo agho sono ni Los Angeles pa Ogasiti 2, 1769. Mu 1771, Franciscan Junípero Serra wakambiska mulimo wa kuzenga Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, iyo yikaŵa mishoni yakwamba mu cigaŵa ici. Pa Seputembala 4, 1781, gulu la ŵanthu ŵakukwana 44 awo ŵakamanyikwanga kuti "Los Pobladores" ŵakambiska tawuni iyo ŵakalicema kuti El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles, panji kuti "Sumba ya Mama withu, Fumukazi ya Ŵangelo". Zina la tawuni iyi likususkana; buku la Guinness Book of World Records likuti "El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles de Porciúncula"; mabuku ghanyake ghakung'anamura zina ili mwakudumura. Mu msumba uwu ndimo muli dayosisi yikuru comene ya Katolika ku United States. Vigaŵa viŵiri pa viŵiri vya ŵanthu ŵa ku Mexico panji ŵa ku (New Spain) ŵakaŵa ŵa mtundu wa mestizo panji mulatto, awo ŵakaŵa ŵa mu Africa, ŵa fuko limoza na ŵa ku Europe. Kwa vyaka vinandi, ŵanthu ŵakakhalanga mu muzi uwu, kweni mu 1820, ŵanthu ŵakasazgikira kufika pa 650. Mazuŵa ghano, ŵanthu ŵakukumbukira malo agha mu chigaŵa cha Pueblo Plaza na Olvera Street, ku Los Angeles.
Boma la Mexico
Mu 1821, caru ca New Spain cikapoka wanangwa ku Spain, ndipo sono ŵanthu ŵa ku pueblo ŵakakhalanga mu caru ca Mexico. Mu nyengo ya Mexican, Kazembe Pío Pico wakazgora msumba wa Los Angeles kuŵa msumba ukuru wa Alta California. Pa nyengo iyi, boma liphya likambiska vinthu vinandi vyakukondweska ŵanthu ŵa ku Los Angeles. Mu 1846, pa nkhondo iyo yikacitikira caru ca Mexico na America, ŵasilikari ŵa boma la United States ŵakanjira mu muzi uwu. Ivi vikapangiska kuti boma la Mexico lizingire msumba wa Los Angeles, ndipo ŵasilikari ŵa Mexico ŵakukwana 150 ŵakarwa nkhondo na ŵasilikari ŵa boma la Mexico.
Muwuso wa Mexico ukamara pamasinda pa Nkhondo ya ku America na Mexico, iyo yikacitikira ku California. Ŵanthu ŵa ku America ndiwo ŵakamba kuwusa caru ca California, pamanyuma pa nkhondo zinandi izo zikamara na kukolerana pa cipangano ca Cahuenga pa Janyuwale 13, 1847. Boma la Mexico likapika mazaza mu 1848, ndipo likapangana na boma la Guadalupe Hidalgo kuti likapeleke msumba wa Los Angeles na chigaŵa chose cha Alta California ku United States.
Post-Conquest era
Mu 1876 ŵakazenga njanji yakufuma ku New Orleans kuluta ku Los Angeles, ndipo mu 1885 ŵakazenga njanji yakufuma ku Santa Fe. Mu 1892, mafuta ghakasangika mu msumba uwu na mu vigaŵa vyapafupi, ndipo mu 1923, vinthu ivi vikawovwira kuti California yiŵe charu icho chikupanga mafuta ghanandi chomene mu charu ichi.
Kuzakafika mu 1900, mu msumba uwu mukaŵa ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 102,000, ndipo maji ghakaŵa ghakusoŵa. Mu 1913, apo ŵakamalizga kuzenga mugelo wa maji ku Los Angeles, William Mulholland ndiyo wakawovwira kuti msumba uwu ulutilire kukura. Chifukwa cha malango agho ghakakanizganga msumba wa Los Angeles kuguliska panji kupeleka maji ku ŵanthu ŵa mu vigaŵa vinyake, misumba yinandi iyo yikazingilizga msumba uwu yikamba kukolerana na Los Angeles. Los Angeles ndiyo yikaŵa na dango lakwamba la kugaŵa malo mu United States. Pa Seputembala 14, 1908, wupu wakulongozga msumba wa Los Angeles ukapharazga kuti malo ghakusungirako ŵanthu na mafakitale ghaŵe ghakupambanapambana. Dango liphya ili likakanizga kuti ŵanthu ŵakhalengemo mu malo ghamoza agho ghakaŵa na malo ghamoza agho ghakaŵa ghakupambana na ghanyake. Mu vyaru ivyo ŵakakanizga mulimo uwu, mukaŵa nyumba zakusungiramo viŵeto, malo ghakusungiramo nkhuni, na malo gha mafakitale agho ghakaŵa na makina. Malango agha ghakapelekeka pamanyuma pakuti vinthu vya mu maindasitiri vyamara. Ivi vikasazgikirapo pa vinthu vinyake ivyo kale vikaŵanga vyakukwiyiska. Vinyake mwa vinthu ivi ni malo ghakusungiramo vinthu vyakuphulika, malo ghakupangira gasi, malo ghakupangira mafuta, malo ghakukomerako nyama, na malo ghakusungiramo viŵiya. Kweniso boma la Los Angeles likapeleka malo 7 ghakusungirako vinthu mu tawuni iyi. Ndipouli, pakati pa 1908 na 1915, wupu wa boma ku Los Angeles ukazomerezga kuti ŵanthu ŵaleke kugwiliskira nchito malo agha, ndipo ivi vikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵambe kugwiliskira nchito malo agha pa vinthu vinyake. Pali mphambano ziŵiri pakati pa dango la Residence District Ordinance la mu 1908 na malango ghanyake gha ku United States. Cakwamba, malango gha mu 1908 ghakapanga mapu ghakukwana yayi nga umo vikaŵira na dango la mu 1916 la New York City. Chachiŵiri, malo ghakukhalamo ghakapambaniskanga yayi mitundu ya nyumba; ghakapambaniskanga yayi nyumba, mahotelo, na nyumba za mbumba yimoza.
Mu 1910, Hollywood yikasazgikana na msumba wa Los Angeles, ndipo pa nyengo iyi mu msumba uwu mukaŵa kale makampani 10 gha mafilimu. Mu 1921, makampani gha mafilimu ghakujumpha 80 pa 100 gha mu caru cose ghakaŵa ku L.A. Ndalama izo ŵakasanganga cifukwa ca mulimo uwu, zikawovwira kuti msumba uwu uleke kukumana na suzgo la ndalama ilo likakhwaska caru cose pa nyengo ya suzgo yikuru ya caru cose. Kuzakafika mu 1930, ciŵelengero ca ŵanthu cikajumpha pa 1 miliyoni. Mu 1932, mu msumba uwu ndimo mukachitikira maseŵero gha Olimpiki.
Post-WWII
Mu nyengo ya Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Charu Chose, Los Angeles likaŵa likuru la kupanga vyombo na ndege. Calship yikapanga maboti ghanandi gha Liberty na Victory Ships pa Terminal Island, ndipo malo gha Los Angeles ghakaŵa likuru gha vyombo vikuruvikuru vinkhondi na viŵiri vya charu (Douglas Aircraft Company, Hughes Aircraft, Lockheed, North American Aviation, Northrop Corporation, na Vultee).
Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Charu Chose yikati yamara, msumba wa Los Angeles ukakura mwaluŵiro chomene kuluska kale, ndipo ukamba kusanjika mu chigaŵa cha San Fernando Valley.
Chifukwa cha Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Charu Chose, kukura kwa matawuni gha mphaka, na unandi wa ŵanthu, malo ghakusanguluska ghanandi ghakazengeka na kugwiriridwa mu malo agha.
Chifukwa cha mphambano ya mitundu, mu 1965 ku Watts kukachitika chisokonezo ndipo ŵanthu 34 ŵakafwa na kupwetekeka. Mu 1969, California ndiyo yikaŵa malo ghakwamba apo pa Intaneti pakaŵavya vinthu vyakupambanapambana, ndipo uthenga wakwamba uwo ukafuma ku Yunivesite ya California ku Los Angeles (UCLA) ukaluta ku Stanford Research Institute ku Menlo Park.
Mu 1973, Tom Bradley wakasankhika kuŵa meya wakwamba wa msumba uwu, ndipo wakagwira nchito nyengo zinkhondi mpaka apo wakafumira mu 1993. Vinthu vinyake ivyo vikacitika mu msumba uwu mu vyaka vya m'ma 1970 vikusazgapo nkhondo ya Symbionese Liberation Army ku South Central mu 1974 na milandu ya Hillside Stranglers mu 1977-1978.
Kukwambilira kwa 1984, msumba uwu ukaŵa na ŵanthu ŵanandi comene kuluska wa Chicago, ndipo ukaŵa msumba waciŵiri pa misumba yikuru ku United States.
Persenbeug-Gottsdorf
Persenbeug-Gottsdorf ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Los Angeles
Post-WWII
Mu 1994, cindindindindi cikuru ico cikacitika ku Northridge cikasunkhunya msumba uwu, ndipo cikabwangandura vinthu vyakukwana $12.5 biliyoni na kukoma ŵanthu 72. Caka ici cikamara na mulandu wa Rampart, uwo ukaŵa umoza mwa milandu yikuru comene ya kupuluska mu mdauko wa America.
M'ma 2000
Mu 2002, Meya James Hahn wakalongozga kampeni yakuwukira boma, ndipo ivi vikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵa mu San Fernando Valley na Hollywood ŵaleke kuwukira boma.
Mu 2022, Karen Bass wakazgoka mwanakazi wakwamba kuŵa meya wa msumba uwu, ndipo ivi vikapangiska kuti msumba wa Los Angeles uŵe msumba ukuru chomene mu United States kuti mwanakazi waŵe meya.
Pillichsdorf
Pillichsdorf ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Pölla
Pölla ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Los Angeles
M'ma 2000
Mu msumba wa Los Angeles ndimo muzamuchitikira maseŵero gha Olimpiki gha mu 2028.
Malo ghakukhala
Msumba wa Los Angeles uli na malo ghakukwana 1,302 km2 ndipo uli na malo ghakukwana 1,214 km2 na maji ghakukwana 88 km2. Msumba uwu uli pa mtunda wa makilomita 71 kufuma kumpoto kuya kumwera ndipo uli pa mtunda wa makilomita 29 kufuma kumafumiro gha dazi kuya kumanjiliro gha dazi. Msumba uwu uli pa mtunda wa makilomita 550.
Camprodon
Camprodon ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Los Angeles
Malo ghakukhala
Los Angeles ni tawuni ya mapiri ndiposo ya mapiri. Malo ghapachanya chomene mu msumba uwu ni Phiri la Lukens ilo lili pa mtunda wa mamita 1,547, ilo lili kumpoto chakumafumiro gha dazi kwa San Fernando Valley. Chigaŵa chakumafumiro gha dazi kwa mapiri gha Santa Monica chikupakana ku Nyanja ya Pacific ndipo chikupatura Los Angeles Basin na San Fernando Valley. Vigaŵa vinyake vya ku Los Angeles vili na mapiri. Ku mpoto kwa tawuni ya Washington, ku vigaŵa vya kumafumiro gha dazi nga ni Boyle Heights, chigaŵa cha Crenshaw kuzingilizga Baldwin Hills, na chigaŵa cha San Pedro.
Kuzingilizga tawuni iyi kuli mapiri ghatali. Kumpoto kwake kuli mapiri gha San Gabriel, agho ŵanthu ŵa ku Angelenos ŵakutemwa kuluta kukasopa. Malo ghapachanya chomene ni Phiri la San Antonio, ilo ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha ŵakulimanya kuti Phiri la Baldy. Kutali na malo agha, kuli Phiri la San Gorgonio, ilo lili pa mtunda wa makilomita 130 kumafumiro gha dazi kwa msumba wa Los Angeles.
Mlonga wa Los Angeles, uwo nyengo zinandi ukwenda nyengo yiliyose, ndiwo ukwenda mu maji. Wupu wa Army Corps of Engineers ukanozga na kujara makilomita 82 kuti maji ghaleke kwiza. Mtsinjewu umayamba mu chigawo cha Canoga Park mumzindawu, umadutsa chakum'mawa kuchokera ku San Fernando Valley kumpoto kwa mapiri a Santa Monica, ndipo umatembenukira kumwera kudzera pakatikati pa mzindawu, ukuyenda kumlomo wake ku Port of Long Beach ku Pacific Ocean. Mlonga ucoko wa Ballona ukuthira mu Santa Monica Bay ku Playa del Rey.
Vyakumela
Ku Los Angeles kuli vyakumera vinandi, cifukwa ca malo ghakupambanapambana, nga ni mumphepete mwa nyanja, mu vipalamba, na mu mapiri. Vimera ivi vikusangika chomene mu vigaŵa vya m'mphepete mwa nyanja, chaparral, na mu nkhorongo. Vyakumera vya ku malo agha ni: California poppy, matilija poppy, toyon, Ceanothus, Chamise, Coast Live Oak, sycamore, willow na Giant Wildrye. Vinyake mwa vyakumera ivi, nga ni sunflowers ya ku Los Angeles, vikusangika viŵi yayi mwakuti vili pafupi kumara. Nangauli mu msumba uwu mulije khuni ili, kweni khuni la Coral Tree (Erythrina caffra) ndilo ni khuni la boma la Los Angeles, ndipo maluŵa gha boma la Los Angeles ni Paradise Bird (Strelitzia reginae). Mexican Fan Palms, Canary Island Palms, Queen Palms, Date Palms, na California Fan Palms ni vinyake mwa vyakumera ivi ni vya ku Los Angeles, nangauli ni vya ku California pera, kweni vikusangika mu msumba wa Los Angeles yayi.
Nthaka
Pakuti msumba wa Los Angeles uli pa malo ghakucemeka Pacific Ring of Fire, nyengo zinyake kukuchitika vindindindi. Vinthu ivi vikupangiska kuti paŵe vindindindi vikuruvikuru, ivyo vikupangiska kuti paŵe vindindindi vikuruvikuru pafupifupi 10,000 pa caka mu Southern California, nangauli vinandi mwa vindindindi ivi ni vichoko mwakuti vingapulikikwa yayi. Chigaŵa cha San Andreas Fault, icho chili pa mphaka pakati pa Pacific Plate na North American Plate, chikuduka mu chigaŵa cha Los Angeles. Cigaŵa ca malo agha ico cikujumpha mu Southern California, cikutimbanizgika na cindindindi cikuru pa virimika 110 panji 140, ndipo ŵakumanya vya cindindindindi ŵakucenjezga kuti cindindindi cikuru cinyake cingacitikaso, cifukwa cindindindi cikuru cakumalizga ico cikacitika cikaŵa ico cikacitika ku Fort Tejon mu 1857. Malo gha ku Los Angeles na malo ghanyake agho ghakukhala ŵanthu ŵanandi, ghakunangika na vindindindi vyamabuchi. Vindindindi vikuruvikuru ivyo vyacitika mu Los Angeles ni vya ku Long Beach mu 1933, ku San Fernando mu 1971, ku Whittier Narrows mu 1987, na ku Northridge mu 1994. Kweni vinyake ni vyambura nkhongono ndipo munthu wakuvipulikiska yayi. Wupu wa USGS ukafumiska lipoti la UCERF la ku California ilo likulongosora umo chindindindi chingachitikira ku California. Vigaŵa vinyake vya tawuni iyi vikusuzgikaso na tsunami. Malo agho ghali pa dowoko ghakaŵaso na ngozi chifukwa cha chindindindi icho chikachitika ku Aleutian Islands mu 1946, ku Valdivia mu 1960, ku Alaska mu 1964, ku Chile mu 2010, na ku Japan mu 2011.
Msumba
Msumba uwu uli na vigaŵa vinandi, ndipo vinyake mwa vigaŵa ivi vikaŵa mu msumba wa Los Angeles. Vigaŵa ivi vikapangika pacoko na pacoko, ndipo vili na malo ghakukwana mwakuti msumba uli na vikhwangwani ivyo vikulongora vigaŵa vyose.
Overview
Misewu ya mu tawuni iyi yikwenda mu nthowa zakuyana waka, ndipo misewu yinyake yikujumpha mu misewu iyi. Kweni ivi vikusuzga cifukwa ca malo ghambura kwendeska magalimoto, ndipo ivi vyapangiska kuti paŵe mageti ghakupambanapambana mu madambo ghose agho ghakukhala mu msumba wa Los Angeles. Misewu yikuru-yikuru yikupangika kuti yikwendeska magalimoto ghanandi mu vigaŵa vinandi vya mu msumba uwu, ndipo yinandi mwa misewu iyi njitali comene; Sepulveda Boulevard njitali makilomita 69, ndipo Foothill Boulevard njitali makilomita 97, ndipo yikufika ku San Bernardino. Ŵadokotala ŵa galimoto ku Los Angeles ŵakuŵa na suzgo lakuti pa caru cose paŵa nyengo zinonono comene, kuyana na umo ŵakwendeskera magalimoto ŵakucitira, TomTom. Ŵadokotala ŵa magalimoto mu LA ŵakumalira maora 92 pa msewu pa chaka. Pa nyengo ya maora gha pachanya chomene, pali magalimoto ghakukwana 80 peresenti, kuyana na ivyo vyalembeka pa index iyi.
Nyengo
Los Angeles ili na nyengo ziŵiri za nyengo ya chihanya na nyengo ya chiwuvi (Köppen Csb pa mphepete mwa nyanja na vigaŵa vinandi vya pakati pa msumba, Csa pafupi na metropolitan region kumanjiliro gha dazi), kweni yikupokera maji ghavula pachaka pachoko kuluska malo ghanyake gha mu nyanja ya Mediterranean, ntheura yili pafupi na mphaka ya nyengo ya chiwuvi (BSh), nangauli yikusulako waka. Nyengo ya muhanya yikuŵa yiwemi mu cilimika cose. Mu nyengo ya chiwuvi, malo agha ghakukwana pafupifupi 68 °F (20 °C) ndipo ghakupangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵaŵe nga ŵali mu malo ghakuzizima, nangauli nyengo iyi yikuzizima chomene chifukwa chakuti usiku kukuzizima chomene. Mu msumba wa Los Angeles, zuŵa likuŵala comene mu cilimika cose, ndipo cilimika cilicose kuli mazuŵa 35 pera agho kuli vula.
Mu nyanja iyi, mu mwezi wa Epulero, Meyi, Juni na Novembala, nyengo ya kotcha yikupambana na 32°C. Mu mwezi wa Julayi, Ogasiti, Okutobala, nyengo ya kotcha yikupambana na mazuŵa ghankhondi. Ku San Fernando Valley na San Gabriel Valley kukuzizima comene. Mu vigaŵa vya ku mpoto, nyengo yikupambana chomene. Kutentha kwapakati pa nyanja ndi 63 °F (17 °C), kuchokera 58 °F (14 °C) mu Januwale mpaka 68 °F (20 °C) mu Ogasiti. Maora gha zuŵa ghakujumpha 3,000 pa cilimika, kufuma pa ora limoza pa zuŵa mu Disembala kufika pa ora limoza pa zuŵa mu Julayi.
Malo gha ku Los Angeles ghakusangikaso na vinthu vinyake ivyo vikuchitika mu malo ghachoko, ivyo vikupangiska kuti malo ghachoko ghaŵe pafupi na malo ghanyake. Mwaciyelezgero, nyengo yakuzizima comene mu mwezi wa Julayi ku Santa Monica Pier ni 21 °C, apo ku Canoga Park, uko kuli pa mtunda wa makilomita 24, kuli 35 °C. Mzinda uwu, nga ni malo ghanandi gha kumwera kwa California, ukuŵa na nyengo yakuzizima iyo yikuchemeka kuti "June Gloom". Para kwaca mulenji kukuŵa mabingu panji jumi, ndipo para kwaca namise kukuŵa zuŵa. Sonosono apa, cikhutu ico cikacitika mu California cikapangiska kuti maji gha mu msumba uwu ghaleke kwenda makora. Mu tawuni ya Los Angeles mukuŵa vula yikuru pa chaka, ndipo kanandi yikuwa pakati pa Novembala na Malichi. Nyengo zinyake vula iyi yikuŵa yichoko waka, kweni nyengo zinyake yikuŵa yikuru chomene. Kanandi vula yikulokwa comene mu mapiri na mumphepete mwa nyanja cifukwa ca kukwera kwa mapiri. Nyengo ya cihanya yikuŵavya vula. Nyengo zinyake, para mphepo ya kumwera panji ya kumafumiro gha dazi yikwiza, nyengo ya chihanya yikuŵa na chivula cha mphepo, chomenechomene mu mapiri. Ku mphepete mwa nyanja kulije vula yinandi, kweni ku mapiri kuli vula yinandi. Vikuwoneka kuti ni viŵi yayi kuti vula yinonenge. Kanandi vinthu vikusintha kufuma pa chaka chimoza kuya pa chinyake, ndipo nyengo yichoko waka ya vula yikulokwa yayi. Kanandi mu nyanja ya Pacific para kuli vula, kukaŵanga nyengo ya El Niño, ndipo para kuli chilangalanga, kukaŵanga nyengo ya La Niña. Para vula yalokwa kanandi waka mu mazuŵa ghacoko waka yingapangiska kuti maji ghatutuke mu mapiri, comenecomene para moto wamara mu mapiri. Kuzizima na chiwuvi ni viŵi yayi mu msumba na mumphepete mwa nyanja, ndipo kaumaliro ku chiwuvi kukaŵanga pa 29 January 1979. Kuzizima kukuchitika pafupifupi chaka chilichose mu madambo, apo mapiri gha mu msumba ghakuŵa na chiwuvi nyengo ya chiwuvi. Pa Janyuwale 15, 1932, mu msumba wa Los Angeles mukaŵa chiwuvi chikuru chomene. Mu Febuluwale 2019 kukawa chiwuvi chakwamba kufuma mu 1962, ndipo mu Janyuwale 2021 kukawa chiwuvi mu malo ghakufupi na Los Angeles. Ku malo ghakukwelera ku tawuni iyi, nyengo yakuzizima chomene yikaŵapo pa Seputembala 27, 2010, ndipo nyengo yakuzizima chomene yikaŵapo pa Janyuwale 4, 1949. Mu msumba wa Los Angeles, nyengo yakuzizima chomene iyo yili kulembekapo ni 49 °C, pa Seputembala 6, 2020, ku weather station pa Pierce College mu San Fernando Valley pafupi na Woodland Hills. Mu nyengo ya cihanya na nyengo ya ciwuvi, mphepo ya Santa Ana nyengo zinyake yikucitiska kuti ku Los Angeles kuŵe kwakotcha comene ndiposo kukawomira, ndipo ivi vikupangiska kuti paŵe ngozi yikuru ya moto.
Nkhani za malo
Pakuti mu msumba uwu muli magalimoto ghanandi, kweniso muli maboti ghanandi, mu msumba uwu mukuŵa mphepo ziheni chomene. Mu chigaŵa cha Los Angeles na San Fernando Valley, mphepo ya mu mphepo yikupambana comene na mphepo ya mu mphepo zinyake. Vipimo vya mphepo iyo yikufuma ku magalimoto mu msumba vingasazgikira kufika pa 55 peresenti. Nyengo ya chivula ichi yikwamba mu Meyi na kumalira mu Okutobala. Apo misumba yinyake yikuruyikuru yikuthemba vula kuti yifumiske josi, mu msumba wa Los Angeles vula yikuŵavya malita 380. Nkhani ya umo mphepo yiliri ku Los Angeles na mu misumba yinyake yikuruyikuru yikawovwira kuti paŵe malango ghakukhwaskana na umo vinthu viliri pa caru cose, kusazgapo dango la Clean Air Act. Apo dango ili likapelekekanga, boma la California likatondeka kupanga pulani iyo yingawovwira kuti lipulikirenge malango ghaphya ghakukhwaskana na mphepo yiwemi. Sonosono apa, boma la California ndilo likamba kulimbikira kuti lileke kunanga mphepo. Vikuwoneka kuti mu vilimika vyakulondezgapo, chivula ichi chizamulutilira kuchepa chifukwa cha vinthu vinandi ivyo ŵanthu ŵacita kuti ŵachepeske chivula ichi. Vinthu ivi ni magalimoto agho ghakwenda na magesi na magalimoto ghanyake agho ghakwenda na magesi, magalimoto agho ghakwenda na ŵanthu ŵanandi, na vinyake.
Chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu awo ŵakasuzgikanga na mphepo ya smog mu msumba wa Los Angeles, chachepa kufuma pa ŵanthu 100 pa chaka mu ma 1970, kufika pa zero mu vyaka vya m'ma 2000. Nangauli vinthu vikwenda makora, kweni lipoti la pa caka la American Lung Association la 2006 na 2007 likati msumba uwu ndiwo ukaŵa wakunangika comene mu caru cose. Mu 2008, msumba uwu ukaŵa wachiŵiri pa malo agho kukaŵanga mphepo ziheni chomene ndipo ukaŵaso na mphepo ziheni chomene chaka chose. Mu 2010, tawuni iyi yikafiska ivyo yikakhumbanga vyakuti mu msumba uwu, 20 peresenti ya magesi gha mu msumba uwu ghafumenge ku malo agho ghangawelerapo. Kafukufuku wa American Lung Association wa mu 2013 wakulongora kuti mu chigaŵa ichi ndimo muli chivula cha mphepo icho chikunanga chomene mu charu, ndipo ni chigaŵa chachinayi pa vigaŵa vyose ivyo vikufipiskika nyengo yichoko waka na chaka chose.
Kweniso ku Los Angeles ndiko kuli munda ukuru comene wa mafuta. Mu msumba uwu muli visimi vya mafuta vyakujumpha 700 ivyo vili pa mtunda wa mamita 460 kufuma ku nyumba, matchalitchi, masukulu, na vipatala.
Mu tawuni iyi muli viyuni vinandi ivyo vikukhala na viyuni vyamuthengere. Ŵanandi ŵali na suzgo ili. Nangauli Serieys na ŵanyake mu 2014 ŵakasanga kuti maselo agho ghakovwira kuti maselo ghasinthe ghangaŵa mu malo ghakupambanapambana, kweni ŵakutondeka kulongora kuti maselo agha ghangawovwira kuti maselo ghasinthe mwakuti ghapone para maselo ghasintha.
Chiwerengero cha anthu
Pakaŵa nyumba zakukwana 1,413,995 (kufuma pa 1,298,350 mu 2005 kufika mu 2009) ndipo nyumba izi zikakhalanga ŵanthu 2,812.8 pa sikweya kilomita (1,086.0 pa sikweya kilomita), ndipo nyumba 503,863 (38.2%) zikaŵa za ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu nyumba zawo, ndipo 814,305 (61.8%) zikaŵa za ŵanthu awo ŵakachitanga renti. Pa ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu nyumba zawo, ŵanthu 1,535,444 (40.5% ya ŵanthu wose) ndiwo ŵakakhalanga mu nyumba zawo, ndipo ŵanthu 2,172,576 (57.3%) ndiwo ŵakakhalanga mu nyumba zawo.
Mtundu na fuko
Kuyana na census ya mu 2010, ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yakupambanapambana mu Los Angeles ni: 1,888,158 White (49.8%), 365,118 African Americans (9.6%), 28,215 Native Americans (0.7%), 426,959 Asians (11.3%), 5,577 Pacific Islanders (0.1%), 902,959 from other races (23.8%), and 175,635 (4.6%) from two or more races. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Spain panji ŵa ku Latin America ŵakaŵapo 1,838,822 (48.5%). Mu msumba wa Los Angeles muli ŵanthu ŵakufuma mu vyaru vyakujumpha 140, ndipo ŵakuyowoya viyowoyero vyakukwana 224. Ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yinyake nga ni Chinatown, Historic Filipinotown, Koreatown, Little Armenia, Little Ethiopia, Tehrangeles, Little Tokyo, Little Bangladesh, na Thai Town ni viyelezgero vya ŵanthu ŵa viyowoyero vinandi ku Los Angeles. Mu 2010, ŵanthu ŵa ku Spain awo ŵakaŵa kuti mbazungu ŵakaŵapo 28.7 peresenti, ndipo mu 1940 ŵakaŵa 86.3 peresenti. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Spain ŵakukhala mu vigaŵa vya mumphepete mwa nyanja ya Pacific kweniso mu vigaŵa vya Santa Monica Mountains.
Ŵanthu ŵa ku Mexico ndiwo ŵakukhala mu tawuni iyi. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Mexico ndiwo ŵakukhala mu tawuni iyi. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Spain ŵakukhala ku Mexico na ku Central America ndipo ŵakukhala mu msumba wa Los Angeles na cigaŵa cake cose. Vinthu ivi vikucitika comene mu vigaŵa vya ku Downtown nga ni East Los Angeles, Northeast Los Angeles na Westlake. Kweniso, ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakukhala mu vigaŵa vya kumafumiro gha dazi kwa msumba wa Los Angeles, ku Downey, mbakufuma ku Spain.
Mitundu yikuru ya ku Asia ni ya ku Philippines (3.2%) na ya ku Korea (2.9%), iyo yili na vigaŵa vyawo mu Wilshire Center na Historic Filipinotown. Ŵanthu ŵa ku China, awo mba 1.8% mwa ŵanthu wose ŵa ku Los Angeles, ŵakukhala kuwaro kwa msumba wa Los Angeles ndipo ŵakukhala mu San Gabriel Valley kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Los Angeles County, kweni ŵalipo ŵanandi mu msumba uwu, chomene mu Chinatown. Ku Chinatown na ku Thaitown kukukhala ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Thailand na Cambodia, awo ni 0.3% na 0.1% ya ŵanthu ŵa ku Los Angeles. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Japan ŵalipo 0.9% mu msumba wa Los Angeles ndipo ŵali na malo ghakucemeka Little Tokyo mu msumba uwu, ndipo gulu linyake la ŵanthu ŵa ku Japan ŵali mu chigaŵa cha Sawtelle ku West Los Angeles. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Vietnam ŵakukwana 0.5% mu msumba wa Los Angeles. Ŵanthu ŵa ku India ŵakukwana 0.9% mu msumba uwu. Mu tawuni iyi mukukhala ŵanthu ŵa ku Armenia, Asiriya, na Iran, ndipo ŵanandi ŵakukhala mu vigaŵa vyakucemeka Little Armenia na Tehrangeles.
Ŵanthu ŵa ku America awo mba fuko la African American ndiwo ŵakhalanga comene ku South Los Angeles, ndipo ndiwo ŵakhalanga ŵanthu ŵanandi mu chigaŵa ichi kufuma waka mu ma 1960. Vigaŵa vya ku South Los Angeles uko kuli ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Africa ni Crenshaw, Baldwin Hills, Leimert Park, Hyde Park, Gramercy Park, Manchester Square na Watts. Padera pa South Los Angeles, vigaŵa vinyake vya ku Central Los Angeles, nga ni Mid-City na Mid-Wilshire navyo vili na ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Africa. Ku Fairfax kuli ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Eritrea na Ethiopia.
Los Angeles ni tawuni yaciŵiri pa caru cose pa ŵanthu ŵa ku Mexico, Armenia, El Salvador, Philippines, na Guatemala, ndipo ni tawuni yacitatu pa ŵanthu ŵa ku Canada, kweniso ni tawuni yaciŵiri pa ŵanthu ŵa ku Japan, Iran, Cambodia, na Roma. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Italy ŵakukhala ku San Pedro.
Chisopo
Kuyana na kafukufuku uyo wakacitika mu 2014 na Pew Research Center, Cikhristu ndico cisopa cikuru comene mu Los Angeles (65%). Tchalitchi la Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles ndilo likuru comene mu caru ici. Cardinal Roger Mahony, uyo wakaŵa bishopu mulara, ndiyo wakalaŵiliranga mulimo wa kuzenga Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels, iyo yikajulika mu Seputembala 2002 mu msumba wa Los Angeles.
Mu chaka cha 2011, ŵanthu ŵakambaso kulondezga kaluso ka kupanga misa na viphikiro vya kusopa Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles, kuti ŵakumbukirenge kukhazikiskika kwa msumba wa Los Angeles mu 1781. Nkharo iyi yikamba pa zuŵa la kukondwelera kukhazikiskika kwa msumba wa Los Angeles mu 1782 ndipo yikalutilira pafupifupi vilimika 100 pamanyuma pake. Mu tawuni iyi muli Ŵayuda 621,000, ndipo tawuni iyi ndiyo yili na Ŵayuda ŵanandi chomene mu United States, pamanyuma pa msumba wa New York. Ŵayuda ŵanandi ŵa ku Los Angeles ŵakukhala ku Westside na ku San Fernando Valley, nangauli ku Boyle Heights kukaŵa Ŵayuda ŵanandi pambere Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Charu Chose yindachitike chifukwa cha kukanizgika kukhazikiska nyumba. Vigaŵa vikuru-vikuru vya Ŵayuda ŵa Orthodox ni Hancock Park, Pico-Robertson, na Valley Village, apo Ŵayuda ŵa ku Israel ŵakukhala mu vigaŵa vya Encino na Tarzana, na Ŵayuda ŵa ku Persia ku Beverly Hills. Mu msumba wa Los Angeles muli visopa vya Ciyuda vyakupambanapambana, nga ni Ciyuda ca Reform, Ciyuda ca Conservative, Ciyuda ca Orthodox, na Ciyuda ca Reconstructionist. Nyumba ya kusoperamo ya Breed Street ku East Los Angeles, iyo yikazengeka mu 1923, yikaŵa yikuru comene kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Chicago. Wupu wa Kabbalah nawo ulipo mu msumba uwu.
Mpingo wa International Church of the Foursquare Gospel ukapangika ku Los Angeles na Aimee Semple McPherson mu 1923 ndipo uli na ofesi yikuru ku malo agha mpaka lero. Kwa vilimika vinandi, mpingo uwu ukacitiranga maungano ghawo mu tempele la Angelus, ilo pa nyengo iyo likazengekanga, likaŵa limoza mwa matchalitchi ghakurughakuru mu caru ici. Mu msumba wa Los Angeles mukaŵa ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa chisopa cha Chiprotesitanti. Mpingo wakwamba wa Ŵaprotesitanti ku Los Angeles ukaŵa wa Ŵametodisti uwo ukacitikira mu nyumba ya munthu munyake mu 1850. Ndipo mpingo wakale chomene wa Ŵaprotesitanti uwo uchali kugwira nchito, wa First Congregational Church, ukapangika mu 1867. Kukwambilira kwa vyaka vya m'ma 1900, wupu wakuwona vya Baibolo wa Bible Institute of Los Angeles ukalemba mabuku agho ghakambiska gulu la Ŵakhristu la Fundamentalist. Ndipo gulu la Azusa Street Revival likambiska chisopa cha Pentekoste. Mpingo wa Metropolitan Community Church nawo ukambira mu cigaŵa ca Los Angeles. Matchalitchi ghakuzirwa mu msumba uwu ni agha: First Presbyterian Church of Hollywood, Bel Air Presbyterian Church, First African Methodist Episcopal Church of Los Angeles, West Angeles Church of God in Christ, Second Baptist Church, Crenshaw Christian Center, McCarty Memorial Christian Church, na First Congregational Church. Kachisi wa Los Angeles California Temple, kachisi wachiŵiri mu ukuru wake uyo wakwendeskeka na Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, wali pa Santa Monica Boulevard mu muzi wa Westwood ku Los Angeles. Tempile ili likajulika mu 1956, ndipo likaŵa lakwamba kuzengeka ku California.
Ku chigaŵa cha Hollywood ku Los Angeles, kuli maofesi ghanandi, matchalitchi, na malo ghakucemeka Celebrity Center of Scientology.
Pakuti mu msumba wa Los Angeles muli ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yakupambanapambana, ŵanthu ŵa visopa vyakupambanapambana ŵakusangikamo. Vinyake mwa visopa ivi ni Chibuda, Chihindu, Chisilamu, Chizoroastriya, Sikhism, Chibahá'í, matchalitchi gha Orthodox, Chisufi, Chishintoism, Chitaoism, Chinkhumi, Chitchayinizi, na ghanyake ghanandi. Mwaciyelezgero, ŵanthu ŵakufuma ku Asia ŵali kupanga mipingo yinandi ya Ŵabuddha, ndipo mu msumba uwu muli Ŵabuddha ŵanandi comene kuluska mu caru cose. Nyumba yakwamba ya Ŵabuddha yakupangiramo vyakununkhira yikazengeka mu msumba uwu mu 1875. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakugomezga kuti Ciuta kulije ndipo ŵakulondezga visambizgo vyautesi. Mzere Wambura Tchalitchi.
Homelessness
Kufika mu Janyuwale 2020, mu msumba wa Los Angeles muli ŵanthu ŵakukwana 41,290 awo ŵalije pakukhala, ndipo ŵanthu aŵa ŵakukwana pafupifupi 62 peresenti ya ŵanthu wose awo ŵalije pakukhala mu chigaŵa ichi. Ichi chikulongora kuti ŵanthu awo ŵakasoŵa pakukhala ŵakasazgikira na 14.2% kuyana na cilimika cakwambilira (para ŵanthu awo ŵakasoŵa pakukhala ŵakasazgikira na 12.7% ku LA County). Mu tawuni ya Los Angeles, ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene mbambura nyumba, ndipo ŵakukhala mu muzi wa Skid Row. Mu tawuni iyi muli ŵanthu ŵakukwana 8,000, ndipo tawuni iyi njimoza mwa tawuni izo zili na ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene mu United States. Ŵanandi ŵakuyowoya kuti ŵanthu awo ŵakusoŵa pakukhala mu Los Angeles ŵakusazgikira cifukwa ca kusoŵa nyumba zakukwana kweniso cifukwa ca kumwa munkhwala panji vinthu vinyake vyakupambanapambana. Pa ŵanthu 82,955 awo ŵakaŵavya nyumba mu 2019, pafupifupi 60 pa ŵanthu 100 ŵaliwose ŵakayowoya kuti ŵakaŵavya nyumba chifukwa cha masuzgo gha ndalama. Mu msumba wa Los Angeles, ŵanthu ŵafipa ŵakusuzgika comene na kusoŵa pakukhala.
Viwawa
Mu 1992, mu msumba wa Los Angeles, ŵanthu 1,092 ŵakakomeka. Vigeŵenga vikamba kuchepa mu Los Angeles mu ma 1990 na m'ma 2000, ndipo mu 2009, ŵanthu 314 ŵakakomeka. Ici cikung'anamura kuti pa ŵanthu 100,000, 7.85 ndiwo ŵakukoma ŵanthu, ndipo ici cikulongora kuti ŵanthu awo ŵakukoma ŵanthu ŵacoko comene pakuyaniska na mu 1980 apo ŵanthu 34.2 pa ŵanthu 100,000 ndiwo ŵakakomeka. Pa ŵanthu aŵa, 15 ŵakaŵa ŵapolisi. Munthu yumoza uyo ŵakamukoma ni Randal Simmons wa mu gulu la SWAT, ndipo wakaŵa wakwamba kukomeka mu LAPD. Mu 2013, mu msumba wa Los Angeles, ŵanthu ŵakukwana 251 ŵakakomeka. Ŵapolisi ŵakughanaghana kuti pali vinthu vinandi ivyo vikupangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵaleke kugwiliskira nchito Intaneti, ndipo cimoza mwa vinthu ivi nchakuti ŵawukirano ŵakumalira nyengo yinandi pa Intaneti. Mu 2021, ŵanthu ŵakukoma ŵanthu ŵakwera comene kufuma mu 2008 ndipo pakaŵa ŵanthu 348.
Caldes de Malavella
Caldes de Malavella ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Calonge
Calonge ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Los Angeles
Viwawa
Banja la Dragna na la Cohen ndilo likaŵa likuru pa gulu la vigeŵenga mu msumba uwu mu nyengo ya kuzomerezgeka kwa cigeŵenga, ndipo likakura comene mu vyaka vya m'ma 1940 na 1950 apo kukaŵa nkhondo ya Sunset Strip.
Mwakuyana na dipatimenti ya polisi ya ku Los Angeles, mu msumba uwu muli ŵanthu ŵakukwana 45,000, awo ŵali mu magulu 450. Ŵanyake mwa ŵanthu aŵa ni ŵa Crips na ŵa Bloods, awo ni magulu gha pa msewu gha ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa na America, ndipo ŵakambira ku South Los Angeles. Magulu gha pa msewu gha ŵanthu ŵa ku Latin America nga ni Sureños, na Mara Salvatrucha, gheneagho ghali na ŵanthu ŵa ku El Salvador, ghose ghakafuma ku Los Angeles. Lekani msumba uwu ukuchemeka kuti "Mzinda wa Magulu gha Vigeŵenga ku America".
Chuma
Vinthu ivyo vikupangiska kuti msumba wa Los Angeles uŵe na ndalama zinandi ni malonda gha pa caru cose, vyakusanguluska (kuwonelera pa TV, mafilimu, maseŵero gha pa vidiyo, kwimba sumu, na kupanga vinthu vinyake), vyakupangiska ndege, vya tekinoloje, vyakupangira mafuta, mafashoni, vyakuvwara, na vyamwendakwenda. Vinyake mwa vinthu ivi ni vya ndalama, kutumirana mauthenga, malango, vyaumoyo, na vyamwendesko. Mu 2017 Global Financial Centres Index, Los Angeles yikaŵikika pa malo 19 pa malo gha ndalama pa charu chose kweniso pa malo 6 ku United States pamanyuma pa New York City, San Francisco, Chicago, Boston, na Washington, D.C.
Pa ma studio ghankhondi ghakurughakuru gha mafilimu, Paramount Pictures pera ndiyo yili mu msumba wa Los Angeles.
Los Angeles ni malo ghakuru comene ghakupangira vinthu ku United States. Madowoko gha ku Los Angeles na Long Beach, agho ghakukolerana na malo agha, ndigho ghakutchuka chomene ku United States ndipo ndigho ghachinkhondi pa charu chose.
Campdevànol
Campdevànol ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Los Angeles
Chuma
Mu chaka cha 2018, mu msumba wa Los Angeles muli makampani ghatatu agho ghakusangika pa Fortune 500. Makampani agha ni: AECOM, CBRE Group, na Reliance Steel & Aluminum Co. Makampani ghanyake agho ghali na ofesi yawo yikuru ku Los Angeles na vigaŵa vyapafupi ni agha: The Aerospace Corporation, California Pizza Kitchen, Capital Group Companies, Deluxe Entertainment Services Group, Dine Brands Global, DreamWorks Animation, Dollar Shave Club, Fandango Media, Farmers Insurance Group, Forever 21, Hulu, Panda Express, SpaceX, Ubisoft Film & Television, The Walt Disney Company, Universal Pictures, Warner Bros., Warner Music Group, na Trader Joe's.
Pfaffstätten
Pfaffstätten ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Pöchlarn
Pöchlarn ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Breda (Spain)
Breda ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Capmany
Capmany ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Campllong
Campllong ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Pottenstein, Austria
Pottenstein, Austria ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Pressbaum
Pressbaum ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Campelles
Campelles ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Los Angeles
Vinthu vyakukhwaskana na luso na kakhaliro
Kanandi msumba wa Los Angeles ndiwo ukuchemeka kuti msumba wa ŵanthu awo ŵakughanaghana na kupanga vinthu, chifukwa munthu yumoza pa ŵanthu 6 awo ŵakukhala mu msumba uwu, wakugwira ntchito ya kupanga vinthu. Ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakukhala mu msumba uwu, nga ni awo ŵakulemba mabuku, awo ŵakupanga mafilimu, awo ŵakuchita maseŵero, awo ŵakuvina, na awo ŵakwimba. Msumba uwu ukumanyikwaso cifukwa ca vithuzithuzi vyakutowa ivyo vili pa viliŵa.
Malo ghakuzirwa
The architecture of Los Angeles is influenced by its Spanish, Mexican, and American roots. Popular styles in the city include Spanish Colonial Revival style, Mission Revival style, California Churrigueresque style, Mediterranean Revival style, Art Deco style, and Mid-Century Modern style, among others.
Cassà de la Selva
Cassà de la Selva ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Los Angeles
Malo ghakuzirwa
Malo ghakuzirwa ku Los Angeles ni Hollywood Sign, Walt Disney Concert Hall, Capitol Records Building, the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels, Angels Flight, Grauman's Chinese Theatre, Dolby Theatre, Griffith Observatory, Getty Center, Getty Villa, Stahl House, the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, L.A. Live, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, the Venice Canal Historic District nad boardwalk, Theme Building, Bradbury Building, U.S. Bank Tower, Wilshire Grand Center, Hollywood Boulevard, Los Angeles City Hall, Hollywood Bowl, battleship USS Iowa (BB-61), Watts Towers, Staples Center, Dodger Stadium, na Olvera Street.
Mafilimu na maseŵero
Ŵanthu ŵa ku Los Angeles ŵakutemwana chomene na maseŵero. Kuyana na ivyo likayowoya gulu linyake (USC Stevens Institute for Innovation), "pa caru pali maseŵero ghakujumpha 1,100 pa cilimika, ndipo sabata yiliyose maseŵero agha ghakukwana 21". Ku Los Angeles kuli malo ghakupambanapambana ghakusambizgira sumu, ndipo ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 1.3 miliyoni ŵakuluta ku malo agha. Nyumba ya Walt Disney Concert Hall, ndiyo yili pakatikati pa malo ghakusungiramo sumu agha, ndipo ndimo muli gulu lakumanyikwa la ŵakwimba sumu la Los Angeles Philharmonic. Mabungwe ghakuzirwa nga ni Center Theatre Group, Los Angeles Master Chorale, na Los Angeles Opera nawo ŵakukhala ku Music Center. Ŵaluso ŵakulongozgeka na ŵanthu ŵa ku malo ghakupambanapambana nga ni sukulu ya Colburn School na USC Thornton School of Music. Dera la Hollywood ndilo likumanyikwa kuti ndilo likupangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵapange mafilimu, ndipo dera la Los Angeles ndilo likupangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵapange mafilimu. Mu msumba uwu ndimo muli masitudiyo ghakurughakuru gha mafilimu na makampani ghakurughakuru gha sumu. Ku Los Angeles ndiko kukucitikira ma Academy Awards, ma Primetime Emmy Awards, ma Grammy Awards na ma show ghanyake ghanandi. Ku Los Angeles ndiko kuli sukulu ya USC School of Cinematic Arts iyo ni sukulu yakale comene ya ku America.
Museums and galleries
Mu chigaŵa cha Los Angeles muli nyumba zakusungiramo vinthu vyakale na malo ghakusungiramo vinthu vyakale ghakukwana 841. Vinyake mwa vinthu ivi ni Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Getty Center (chigaŵa cha J. Paul Getty Trust, ni wupu uwo uli na vinthu vinandi pa caru cose), Petersen Automotive Museum, Huntington Library, Natural History Museum, Battleship Iowa, The Broad, iyo yili na vinthu vyakujumpha 2,000 ivyo vikulongora luso la mazuŵa ghano, na Museum of Contemporary Art. Ku Gallery Row kuli nyumba zinandi za vinthu vyakujambulika, ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakwiza ku Downtown Art Walk.
Libraries
Ku Los Angeles kuli mabuku ghakukwana 72. Vigaŵa vya malo ghambura kukolerana na boma vikusangika na maofesi gha Layibulare ya Boma la Los Angeles, agho ghanandi ghali pafupi na ŵanthu.
Kuphika
Vyakurya vya ku Los Angeles vikukolerana na vyakurya vya ku vyaru vinyake ivyo vili na ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakwiza mu msumba uwu. Kuzakafika mu 2022, Michelin Guide yamanya malo ghakurya 10 agho ghakupeleka nyenyezi ziŵiri ku malo ghakurya ghaŵiri na nyenyezi yimoza ku malo ghakurya 8.
Maseŵero
Ku Los Angeles na vigaŵa vinyake, kuli magulu 11 gha maseŵero ghakupambanapambana. Timu izi zikusazgapo Los Angeles Dodgers na Los Angeles Angels za Major League Baseball (MLB), Los Angeles Rams na Los Angeles Chargers za National Football League (NFL), Los Angeles Lakers na Los Angeles Clippers za National Basketball Association (NBA), Los Angeles Kings na Anaheim Ducks za National Hockey League (NHL), Los Angeles Galaxy na Los Angeles FC za Major League Soccer (MLS), na Los Angeles Sparks za Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA).
Timu zinandi za maseŵero zikusazgapo UCLA Bruins na USC Trojans mu National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), zose ziŵiri ni timu za Division I mu Pac-12 Conference, kweni zikusamukira ku Big Ten Conference. Los Angeles ni msumba waciŵiri mu United States, kweni pakati pa 1995 na 2015 kukaŵavya timu ya NFL. Nyengo yinyake ku Los Angeles kukaŵa magulu ghaŵiri gha NFL: Rams na Raiders. Wose ŵaŵiri ŵakafumako mu msumba uwu mu 1995, ndipo Rams ŵakasamira ku St. Louis, ndipo gulu la Raiders likawelera ku Oakland. Pamanyuma pa vilimika 21 mu St. Louis, pa 12 January, 2016, NFL yalengeza kuti a Rams abwerera ku Los Angeles kwa nyengo ya 2016 NFL ndi masewera ake omwe amasewera ku Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum kwa nyengo zinayi. Pamaso pa 1995, a Rams ankasewera masewera awo ku Coliseum kuyambira 1946 mpaka 1979 zomwe zinawapangitsa kukhala gulu loyamba la masewera olimbitsa thupi ku Los Angeles, ndipo kenako anasamukira ku Anaheim Stadium kuyambira 1980 mpaka 1994. San Diego Chargers yalengeza pa 12 January, 2017, kuti iwo nawonso kusamukira ku Los Angeles (woyamba kuyambira nyengo yake yoyamba mu 1960) ndipo kukhala Los Angeles Chargers kuyambira mu 2017 NFL nyengo ndipo ankachita pa Ulemu Health Sports Park mu Carson, California kwa nyengo zitatu. Mu nyengo ya 2020, Rams na Chargers ŵakasamira ku SoFi Stadium iyo yikazengeka waka. Ku Los Angeles kuli malo ghanandi gha maseŵero, kusazgapo Dodger Stadium, Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, BMO Stadium na Crypto.com Arena. The Forum, SoFi Stadium, Dignity Health Sports Park, Rose Bowl, Angel Stadium, na Honda Center zili mu misumba ya pafupi na Los Angeles.
Msumba wa Los Angeles ndiwo ukacitiska maseŵero gha Olimpiki kaŵiri, mu 1932 na mu 1984, ndipo uzamucitiska maseŵero agha kacitatu mu 2028. Los Angeles ni msumba wacitatu ku London (1908, 1948, na 2012) na Paris (1900, 1924, na 2024) kuti kukacitikira maseŵero gha Olimpiki katatu. Apo maseŵero gha Olimpiki ghakacitikanga mu 1932, malo agho kale ghakaŵa 10th Street ghakazgoka Olympic Blvd. Mu 1985 ku Los Angeles kukacitikaso maseŵero ghakucemeka Deaflympics, ndipo mu 2015 kukacitikaso maseŵero ghanyake ghakucemeka Special Olympics World Summer Games. 8 NFL Super Bowls nayo yikacitikira mu msumba uwu na vigaŵa vyapafupi- 2 ku Memorial Coliseum (the first Super Bowl, I and VII), 5 ku Rose Bowl mu Pasadena (XI, XIV, XVII, XXI, and XXVII), na 1 ku Inglewood (LVI). Mu Rose Bowl mukusangikaso maseŵero ghakupambanapambana gha mpira wa koleji ghakucemeka Rose Bowl, agho ghakucitika zuŵa lililose la Caka Ciphya.
Mu 1994, ku Los Angeles kukacitikaso maseŵero 8 gha nkhonya ya caru cose mu Rose Bowl, kusazgapo maseŵero ghaumaliro, apo Brazil ndiyo yikawina. Mu Rose Bowl mukaŵaso maseŵero ghanayi mu 1999 pa nkhumano ya caru cose ya FIFA ya ŵanakazi, kusazgapo maseŵero ghaumaliro, apo United States yikathereska China pa penalty. Mu maseŵero agha, Brandi Chastain wakavura shati yake wakati walemba penalty iyo yikapangiska kuti waŵe na nkharo yiwemi. Msumba wa Los Angeles uzamuŵa umoza mwa misumba 11 ya ku United States uko kuzamucitikira maseŵero gha nkhonya ya caru cose ya FIFA ya 2026. Maseŵero agha ghazamucitikira mu Sitediyamu ya SoFi.
Pitten
Pitten ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Los Angeles
Maseŵero
Los Angeles ni limoza mwa misumba 6 ya ku North America iyo yikamba kuwina nkhonyo mu viphapha vikuruvikuru vyose (MLB, NFL, NHL, NBA na MLS), ndipo yikamalizga mu 2012 apo Kings yikathereska Stanley Cup.