cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Cuba
Mlimo wakukhumba kujilamulila
Mu 1879–1880 ,mutchaila ufulu chalo Calixto García wakayezgaso kuyambiska nkhond inyake iyo pa chingelezi ikachemeka kuti  Little War kwene wakatondeka kupokela wovwili unandi wakufuma ku ŵanthu na magulu ghanyake.Ukapolo mu charu cha Cuba ukamala mu chaka cha 1875 nangauli kumala kwenecho kukaŵa mu 1886.Munthu wakudikizgika mu charu chake uyo wakizaso, zina lake José Martí wakayambiska chipani chakuchemeka Cuban Revolutionary Party mu New York mu 1892.Chilato cha chipani ichi kukaŵa kujitchaila nkhondo kuti charu cha Cuba chiukemo mu ulamulilo wa charu cha Spain.Mu Janyuwale,Martí wakaluta ku  Monte Cristi na Santo Domingo mu charu cha Dominican Republic kukajoina vyakuchitika vya  Máximo Gómez.
Martí wakalemba maganizo ghake gha vya ndale mu Manifesto of Montecristi.Kutchaya nkhondo na ŵasilikali ŵa Spain kukayamba pa 24 Febuluwale 1895,nangauli Marti wakatondeka kufika ku Cuba ndipo wakafika mu 11 Epulelo 1895.Marti wakakomeka mu nkhondo iyo pachizungu ikuchemeka Battle of Dos Rios pa 19 Meyi 1895.Nyifwa yake ikakhala mbili ya chikanga ya charu cha Cuba.
Mitundu ya Ŵanthu (Ethnoracial groups)
Wonaniso : ChiSpanish
Msinga, KwaZulu Natal
Msinga, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Royal Borough of Greenwich
Royal Borough of Greenwich ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Krugersdorp, Gauteng
Krugersdorp, Gauteng ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la West Rand District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa.
Hertsmere
Hertsmere ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Lindley, Gauteng
Lindley, Gauteng ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la West Rand District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa.
Umvoti, KwaZulu Natal
Umvoti, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
High Peak, Derbyshire
High Peak, Derbyshire ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Nxamalala, KwaZulu Natal
Nxamalala, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Mogale City, Gauteng
Mogale City, Gauteng ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la West Rand District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa.
West Rand, Gauteng
West Rand, Gauteng ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la West Rand District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa.
London Borough of Hillingdon
London Borough of Hillingdon ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Emthaleni, KwaZulu Natal
Emthaleni, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Mbolo Abetlanga
Mbolo Abetlanga ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Bamingui-Bangoran kumpoto kwa Central African Republic.
Kingston upon Hull
Kingston upon Hull ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Horsham (district)
Horsham (district) ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Munsieville, Gauteng
Munsieville, Gauteng ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la West Rand District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa.
Muldersdrift, Gauteng
Muldersdrift, Gauteng ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la West Rand District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa.
Rietvallei, Gauteng
Rietvallei, Gauteng ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la West Rand District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa.
Seven, Nquthu
Seven, Nquthu ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Hinckley and Bosworth
Hinckley and Bosworth ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Huntingdonshire
Huntingdonshire ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Gujini, KwaZulu Natal
Gujini, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley
Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Merafong City
Merafong City ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la West Rand District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa.
Miamete Adoum
Miamete Adoum ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Bamingui-Bangoran kumpoto kwa Central African Republic.
Medway
Medway ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Mansfield (district)
Mansfield (district) ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Embangweni, KwaZulu Natal
Embangweni, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Othulini, KwaZulu Natal
Othulini, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Blyvooruitzicht, Gauteng
Blyvooruitzicht, Gauteng ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la West Rand District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa.
Perseverance, KwaZulu Natal
Perseverance, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
City of Manchester
City of Manchester ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Rand West City
Rand West City ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la West Rand District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa.
West Driefontein, Gauteng
West Driefontein, Gauteng ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la West Rand District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa.
Mid Devon
Mid Devon ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Melton (borough)
Melton (borough) ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
London Borough of Merton
London Borough of Merton ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Carletonville, Gauteng
Carletonville, Gauteng ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la West Rand District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa.
Kenneth Thindwa
James Kenneth Mumbo Thindwa (wakababika mu 1943) ni dokotala wa vyakurya wa ku Malawi, wamalonda, ndipo wakaŵa mphala ya malango ya Rumphi pakati pa 2004-2009. Wakababikira mu muzi wa Chombe, ku Rumphi. Wakaŵa na digiri ya udokotala ndipo wakagwiranga nchito ku chipatala cha Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Sterling Winthrop (Pharmanova). Iyo ndiyo wakambiska kampani ya Kentam Products Ltd.
Ntchito na Masambiro
Wakasambira ku sukulu ya Mzuzu Government Secondary School ndipo wakaluta ku koleji ku California State ku United States. Wakakumana na muwoli wake, Tamara Thindwa, ku koleji. Pamanyuma pake ŵakafumako ku US kuya ku Malawi uko iyo wakagwiranga nchito ku Central Government Stores ndipo muwoli wake ku Reserve Bank. Kweniso wakaŵa mu komiti ya vyakurya ya ku Malawi, ndipo wakawovwira kukhazikiska malango ghakwendeskera vyakurya mu Malawi. Dr. Wakayama Thidwa wakazgoka munyawo wa bizinesi na muwoli wake apo ŵakagwiranga lumoza nchito za bizinesi mu Malawi, kusazgapo kukhazikiska Kentam Products ltd, na Kentam Mall. Wakambapo ndyali pakwimilira na kuteŵetera nga MP wa Rumphi East.
Boul-Kinia
Boul-Kinia ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Bamingui-Bangoran kumpoto kwa Central African Republic.
Bekkersdal, Gauteng
Bekkersdal, Gauteng ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la West Rand District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa.
Mid Suffolk
Mid Suffolk ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Liverpool
Liverpool ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Sampofu, KwaZulu Natal
Sampofu, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Esijozini, KwaZulu Natal
Esijozini, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Elandsrand, Gauteng
Elandsrand, Gauteng ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la West Rand District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa.
Malvern Hills (district)
Malvern Hills (district) ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Dungamanzi, KwaZulu Natal
Dungamanzi, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Enyandu, KwaZulu Natal
Enyandu, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Khutsong, Gauteng
Khutsong, Gauteng ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la West Rand District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa.
Greytown, KwaZulu Natal
Greytown, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Scarborough (borough)
Scarborough (borough) ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Malomeni, KwaZulu Natal
Malomeni, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Maldon (district)
Maldon (district) ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Demi Batchi
Demi Batchi ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Bamingui-Bangoran kumpoto kwa Central African Republic.
Maidstone (borough)
Maidstone (borough) ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Mohlakeng, Gauteng
Mohlakeng, Gauteng ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la West Rand District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa.
Zuurbekom, Gauteng
Zuurbekom, Gauteng ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la West Rand District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa.
East Driefontein
East Driefontein ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la West Rand District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa.
Sedgemoor
Sedgemoor ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Zenzele, KwaZulu Natal
Zenzele, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
City of London
City of London ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Mid Sussex District
Mid Sussex District ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Sevenoaks (district)
Sevenoaks (district) ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Metropolitan Borough of Sefton
Metropolitan Borough of Sefton ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Venterspos, Gauteng
Venterspos, Gauteng ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la West Rand District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa.
Selby (district)
Selby (district) ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Borough of Luton
Borough of Luton ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Mdlelanto, KwaZulu Natal
Mdlelanto, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Mkhize, KwaZulu Natal
Mkhize, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Randfontein, Gauteng
Randfontein, Gauteng ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la West Rand District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa.
Westonaria, Gauteng
Westonaria, Gauteng ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la West Rand District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa.
Fochville, Gauteng
Fochville, Gauteng ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la West Rand District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa.
Mpanza, KwaZulu Natal
Mpanza, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
City of Sheffield
City of Sheffield ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Vukaphanzi, KwaZulu Natal
Vukaphanzi, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
London Borough of Richmond upon Thames
London Borough of Richmond upon Thames ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Mndandanda wa ŵalongozgi ŵa charu cha Malaŵi
Ili ni mazina gha ŵalongozgi ŵa chalo cha Malawi, kwambira apo chalo ichi chikapokera wanangwa mu 1964 mpaka lero.
Kufuma mu 1964 m'paka mu 1966, mulara wa boma uyo wakaŵako mu 1964 wakaŵa Fumukazi ya Malaŵi, Elizabeti Wachiŵiri. Mu Malaŵi, fumu yikimirikanga na kazembe. Malaŵi wakazgoka charu cha Commonwealth mu 1966 ndipo themba na kazembe ŵakasinthika na pulezidenti.
Ulamulilo wa ufumu (1964–1966)
Muwuso wa ufumu uwu ukaŵa wakuyana waka na wa ufumu wa Britain.
Governor-general
Kazembe uyu wakaŵa mwimiliri wa fumu ya ku Malawi ndipo wakaŵa na mazaza ghanandi. Kazembe uyu wakasankhikanga kuti wateŵeterenge nyengo yitali. Pakuti Malaŵi wakapika wanangwa wa kujilongozga na Dango la Malaŵi la 1964, m'malo mwa kwamba kuŵa na wanangwa wa kujilongozga yekha ndipo pamasinda wakazgoka wanangwa nga umo vili kulembekera mu Dango la Westminster mu 1931, kazembe mulara wakimikikanga na ulongozgi wa nduna ya Malawi. Pakuti Malaŵi wakazgoka caru ciphya pambere Glyn Jones, kazembe wakale wa caru ici, wandawusike, ivi vindacitikepo. Para paŵa malo ghambura ŵeruzgi, mulara wa ŵeruzgi ndiyo wakendeskanga boma.
President of Malawi
Kuyana na malango gha mu 1966, 1994, na 1995, pulezidenti ndiyo ni mulara wa boma.
Pulezidenti wakwamba, Hastings Banda, wakasankhika na Wupu Wakulongozga ndipo wakajizgora pulezidenti umoyo wake wose mu 1970. Wakathereskeka mu 1994, chaka chimoza pamanyuma pakuti ŵakamulekeska kukhala mu jele umoyo wake wose. Kwambira nyengo yira, ŵanthu ŵakusora ŵalongozgi ŵa boma kuti ŵakhalenge vyaka vinkhondi. Ŵalara ŵa boma ŵangasankhika kanandi waka, kweni kaŵiri pera. Para malo ghaŵapo, wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti ndiyo wakuŵa pulezidenti. {{legend|#E6E6AA|Denotes Vice-President acting as President}}
Vyakulemba
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Deo, Central African Republic
Deo, Central African Republic ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Bamingui-Bangoran kumpoto kwa Central African Republic.
Borough of Slough
Borough of Slough ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
London Borough of Southwark
London Borough of Southwark ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Borough of Southend-on-Sea
Borough of Southend-on-Sea ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Eshane, KwaZulu Natal
Eshane, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Matshematshe, KwaZulu Natal
Matshematshe, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Bethal, Mpumalanga
Bethal, Mpumalanga ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Gert Sibande District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Mpumalanga, charu cha South Africa.
Shropshire (district)
Shropshire (district) ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Ophate, KwaZulu Natal
Ophate, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
South Somerset
South Somerset ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
South Staffordshire
South Staffordshire ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Southampton
Southampton ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Tugela Ferry, KwaZulu Natal
Tugela Ferry, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Borough of Spelthorne
Borough of Spelthorne ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Charl Cilliers, Mpumalanga
Charl Cilliers, Mpumalanga ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Gert Sibande District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Mpumalanga, charu cha South Africa.
Mbiri
Pakwamba likacemekanga Van Tondershoek, kweni mu 1917 likasinthika zina.
Kinross, Mpumalanga
Kinross, Mpumalanga ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Gert Sibande District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Mpumalanga, charu cha South Africa.
Harju County
Harju County ni msumba mu boma la Harju mu charu cha Estonia mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Embalenhle, Mpumalanga
Embalenhle, Mpumalanga ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Gert Sibande District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Mpumalanga, charu cha South Africa.
Mbindolo, KwaZulu Natal
Mbindolo, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Hitesh Anadkat
Umoyo na masambiro
Anadkat wakababikira ku chipatala cha Queen Elizabeth Central ku Blantyre, Malawi mu 1960 apo chalo ichi chikaŵa pasi pa British colonial rule. Dada wake, NG Anadkat wakaŵa wamalonda wakumanyikwa mu Malaŵi. Wakafuma ku India ndipo wali na pasipoti ya ku Britain. Anadkat wali na digiri ya Bachelor of Science (Economics) kufuma ku University of London na Master's in Business Administration kufuma ku Cornell University. Iyo wali kutengwa kwa Meeta. Wali na ŵana ŵatatu..
Ntchito
Wakati wamalizga masambiro ghake, Anadkat wakagwiranga nchito ku United States, ndipo paumaliro wakamba kampani yake ya vya ndalama ku Connecticut. Wakawelera ku Malawi mu 1992. Mu 1994, Anadkat wakapika laisensi yakwamba ya banki ya wanangwa mu Malawi. Wakayowoya kuti wakaghanaghananga kuti wazamupokera yayi layisensi ya banki, cifukwa mpaka nyengo iyi, boma likaŵa kuti lajara nchito ya ndalama.
Maardu
Maardu ni msumba mu boma la Harju mu charu cha Estonia mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Hitesh Anadkat
Ntchito
Mu 1995, wakambiska First Merchant Bank (iyo sono yikucemeka First Capital Bank). Banki iyi yikambapo makora ndipo kufuma nyengo yira yikathandazgikira mu vyaru vinyake. Mu 2008, First Capital Bank yikapika laisensi ya banki mu Botswana. Mu 2013, First Capital Bank yikagura ntchito za banki ya International Commercial Bank (ICB) ku Mozambique, Malawi na Zambia. Mu 2017, gulu ili likagura masheya ghanandi mu Barclays Bank of Zimbabwe.
Mabanki gha First Capital Bank ghakapelekeka ku kampani ya FMB Capital Holdings mu 2017. Masheya ghake ghakusangika pa Malawi Stock Exchange. Mu 2021, katundu wake wakaŵa $1.4 billion. Anadkat wakulutilira kuŵa na masheya ghanandi, ndipo wakuteŵetera nga ni muteŵeti wa mu komiti ya FMB Capital na ŵana ŵake.
Mu chaka cha 2007, Anadkat wakaŵa munthu wakuzirwa chomene mu gulu ilo likagura TNM, kampani yikuru chomene ya Malawi, ku Telekom Malaysia, pamoza na Press Corporation na Old Mutual. Anadkat wali na chigaŵa chikuru mu kampani iyi, ndipo wakaŵa Vice Chairman wake kufuma mu 2007 mpaka 2021.
Mu chaka cha 2021, wakazgoka mweneko wa masheya mukuru wa kampani ya Letshego. Vinthu vinyake ivyo wakutemwa ni hona, kupanga vinthu, na katundu. Nyumba yake yikuru ya Livingstone Towers ku Blantyre na Chief M?? Mbelwa Building ku Lilongwe.
Kupeleka vyawanangwa
Anadkat na mbumba yake ŵakumanyikwa cifukwa ca wovwiri wawo ku Malawi. Ntchito zake zikuluta ku vigaŵa vya umoyo, masambiro na vyakusintha vyendeskero vya ndende. Pakati pa vyawanangwa vyake vikuru ni Anadkat Hostel pa University of Malawi College of Medicine, Anadkat-Wellcome Trust Adult Emergency and Trauma Centre pa chipatala chikuru chomene cha Malawi, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital na Children's ward pa chipatala chenechichi.
Anadkat wakovwiraso pa nkhani ya kusintha vinthu mu jele. Wakususka pa wumba umo vinthu viliri mu jele kweniso umo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵaliri mu Malawi. Mu 2020, wakazenga jele likuru chomene mu Malawi Prison Services ku Chichiri Prison ku Blantyre..
Ukaboni
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Lebohang, Mpumalanga
Lebohang, Mpumalanga ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Gert Sibande District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Mpumalanga, charu cha South Africa.
Leandra, Mpumalanga
Leandra, Mpumalanga ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Gert Sibande District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Mpumalanga, charu cha South Africa.
Keila
Keila ni msumba mu boma la Harju mu charu cha Estonia mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Mbabane, Msinga
Mbabane, Msinga ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Metropolitan Borough of Stockport
Metropolitan Borough of Stockport ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Evander, Mpumalanga
Evander, Mpumalanga ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Gert Sibande District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Mpumalanga, charu cha South Africa.
Kranskop, KwaZulu Natal
Kranskop, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Stafford (borough)
Stafford (borough) ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Saue
Saue ni msumba mu boma la Harju mu charu cha Estonia mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Trichardt, Mpumalanga
Trichardt, Mpumalanga ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Gert Sibande District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Mpumalanga, charu cha South Africa.
Paldiski
Paldiski ni msumba mu boma la Harju mu charu cha Estonia mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
South Hams
South Hams ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Metropolitan Borough of Solihull
Metropolitan Borough of Solihull ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Staffordshire Moorlands
Staffordshire Moorlands ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Hartebeeskop, Mpumalanga
Hartebeeskop, Mpumalanga ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Gert Sibande District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Mpumalanga, charu cha South Africa.
Secunda, Mpumalanga
Secunda, Mpumalanga ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Gert Sibande District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Mpumalanga, charu cha South Africa.
Galeshewe, Northern Cape
Galeshewe, Northern Cape ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Frances Baard District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Northern Cape, charu cha South Africa.
Hiiu County
Hiiu County ni msumba mu boma la Hiiu mu charu cha Estonia mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Modder River, Northern Cape
Modder River, Northern Cape ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Frances Baard District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Northern Cape, charu cha South Africa.
Yvonne Mhango
Yvonne Mhango ni nkhwantha ya vyachuma ya ku Malawi. Iyo ni economist wa ku sub-Saharan Africa ku Renaissance Capital.
Mbili na masambilo
Wakasambira masambiro gha masambiro gha ku Saint Andrews International High School ku Blantyre, Malawi, uko wakasambira masamu, geography na economics pa A-Level, kufuma mu 1996 mpaka 1998. Wakazomelezgeka ku University of Cape Town mu 1999, ndipo wakamalizga masambiro gha Bachelor of Business Science mu 2002. Kufuma mu 2003 mpaka mu 2004, wakasambira pa yunivesite yeneyiyi, ndipo wakamalizga masambiro gha Master of Business Science.
Ntchito
Kufuma mu 2005 mpaka 2008, Mhango wakaŵa economist ku Standard Bank of South Africa. Mu Juni 2008, wakazgoka mulongozgi wa kafukufuku wa vyachuma ku Africa ku Standard Bank, ndipo wakachita mulimo uwu mpaka mu Novembala 2010. Kuyambira Novembala 2010, wakhala katswiri wazachuma ku sub-Saharan Africa ku Renaissance Capital.
Mu Okutobala 2016, Mhango na ŵasayansi ŵanyake ŵa vyachuma ku Renaissance Capital ŵakati Shilling ya ku Kenya yikaŵa yakuzirwa chomene na pafupifupi 20 peresenti ndipo ichi chikapwetekeska katundu uyo Kenya yikaguliskanga ku vyaru vinyake mu chigaŵa ichi..
Ukaboni
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Loksa
Loksa ni msumba mu boma la Harju mu charu cha Estonia mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Leslie, Mpumalanga
Leslie, Mpumalanga ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Gert Sibande District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Mpumalanga, charu cha South Africa.
Badplaas, Mpumalanga
Badplaas, Mpumalanga ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Gert Sibande District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Mpumalanga, charu cha South Africa.
Kimberley, Northern Cape
Kimberley, Northern Cape ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Frances Baard District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Northern Cape, charu cha South Africa.
Stoke-on-Trent
Stoke-on-Trent ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Sheepmoor, Mpumalanga
Sheepmoor, Mpumalanga ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Gert Sibande District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Mpumalanga, charu cha South Africa.
South Derbyshire
South Derbyshire ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Roodepan, Northern Cape
Roodepan, Northern Cape ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Frances Baard District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Northern Cape, charu cha South Africa.
South Kesteven
South Kesteven ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Plaatje, Northern Cape
Plaatje, Northern Cape ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Frances Baard District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Northern Cape, charu cha South Africa.
Ritchie, Northern Cape
Ritchie, Northern Cape ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Frances Baard District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Northern Cape, charu cha South Africa.
Ngema Tribal Trust, Mpumalanga
Ngema Tribal Trust, Mpumalanga ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Gert Sibande District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Mpumalanga, charu cha South Africa.
Ganspan, Northern Cape
Ganspan, Northern Cape ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Frances Baard District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Northern Cape, charu cha South Africa.
Yangou Ndarsa
Yangou Ndarsa ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Bamingui-Bangoran kumpoto kwa Central African Republic.
Stockton-on-Tees (borough)
Stockton-on-Tees (borough) ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Jan Kempdorp, Northern Cape
Jan Kempdorp, Northern Cape ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Frances Baard District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Northern Cape, charu cha South Africa.
Ida-Viru County
Ida-Viru County ni msumba mu boma la Ida-Viru mu charu cha Estonia mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Hartswater, Northern Cape
Hartswater, Northern Cape ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Frances Baard District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Northern Cape, charu cha South Africa.
South Holland, Lincolnshire
South Holland, Lincolnshire ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Morgenzon, Mpumalanga
Morgenzon, Mpumalanga ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Gert Sibande District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Mpumalanga, charu cha South Africa.
Sillamäe
Sillamäe ni msumba mu boma la Ida-Viru mu charu cha Estonia mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Driefontein, Mpumalanga
Driefontein, Mpumalanga ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Gert Sibande District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Mpumalanga, charu cha South Africa.
Kohtla-Järve
Kohtla-Järve ni msumba mu boma la Ida-Viru mu charu cha Estonia mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Narva
Narva ni msumba mu boma la Ida-Viru mu charu cha Estonia mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Edith Jiya
Eidth Jiya ni mwanakazi wa bizinesi wa ku Malawi ndipo ni mulara wa kampani ya Old Mutual Malawi Limited. Kweniso wali mu wupu wa mabungwe gha mabungwe gha boma na ghapadera gha ku Malawi.
Umo vinthu vikaŵira
Wakababikira ku Malawi ndipo wakasambiranga ku sukulu za ku malo agha. Wakazomerezgeka kusambira pa Yunivesite ya Malawi, ndipo wakamalizga masambiro ghake. Pamanyuma, wakasambira pa Yunivesite ya Derby, ku United Kingdom, uko wakasanga digiri ya masisitere. Kweniso ni mulara wa inshuwalansi kufuma mu 2013. Edith Jiya ni munyawo wa Chartered Institute of Marketing na Chartered Insurance Institute.
Ntchito
Wakamba nchito yake nga ni manejala wa bizinesi ya mafuta gha ndege ku BP Malawi Limited, ndipo wakacita mulimo uwu kwa virimika vyakujumpha vinkhondi na cimoza, kwambira mu 2001 mpaka mu 2007.
Mu chaka cha 2007, wakajoyina kampani ya Old Mutual Malawi Limited. Kufuma mu 2011 Edith Jiya wakaŵa manejara mukuru wa Old Mutual Life Assurance Company Malawi Limited, kampani ya Old Mutual Malawi Limited, ndipo wakateŵeteranga kwenekura mpaka mu 2015. Mu chaka cha 2015, wakasankhika kuŵa Acting Group CEO ku Old Mutual Malawi Limited.
Pa 1 March 2017, wakasankhika kuŵa CEO wa Old Mutual Malawi Limited, m'malo mwa Chris Kapanga, uyo wakafumapo.
Fundo zinyake
Kufumira mu mwezi wa Ogasiti 2020, kusazgapo maudindo ghake nga CEO wa gulu la Old Mutual Malawi Limited, Edith Jiya wakuteŵetera nga ni Chairperson wa 1. Old Mutual Unit Trusts Company Malawi Limited 2. Gulu la Old Mutual Investment Group Malawi na 3. Malawi Properties and Investments Company (Mpico)
Padera pa vyose ivyo vyayowoyeka pachanya apa, wali mu mabungwe gha makampani na mabizinesi gha ku Malawi agha: 1. Banki ya FDH 2. Malawi Telecommunications Limited 3. Ubuntu Limited 4. FDH Financial Holdings Limited 5. Sukulu ya Nursing & Midwifery ya Holy Family 6. Wupu wa Malawi wa Insurance na 7. Kujura na Kupharazga.
Ukaboni
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Amsterdam, Mpumalanga
Amsterdam, Mpumalanga ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Gert Sibande District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Mpumalanga, charu cha South Africa.
Pampierstad, Northern Cape
Pampierstad, Northern Cape ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Frances Baard District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Northern Cape, charu cha South Africa.
Warrenton, Northern Cape
Warrenton, Northern Cape ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Frances Baard District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Northern Cape, charu cha South Africa.
South Lakeland
South Lakeland ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Steynsdorp, Mpumalanga
Steynsdorp, Mpumalanga ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Gert Sibande District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Mpumalanga, charu cha South Africa.
Logical disjunction
In logic, disjunction is a logical connective typically notated as \lor and read aloud as "or". For instance, the English language sentence "it is sunny or it is warm" can be represented in logic using the disjunctive formula S \lor W, assuming that S abbreviates "it is sunny" and W abbreviates "it is warm".
In classical logic, disjunction is given a truth functional semantics according to which a formula is true unless both \phi and \psi are false. Because this semantics allows a disjunctive formula to be true when both of its disjuncts are true, it is an inclusive interpretation of disjunction, in contrast with exclusive disjunction. Classical proof theoretical treatments are often given in terms of rules such as disjunction introduction and disjunction elimination. Disjunction has also been given numerous non-classical treatments, motivated by problems including Aristotle's sea battle argument, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, as well as the numerous mismatches between classical disjunction and its nearest equivalents in natural languages.
Inclusive and exclusive disjunction
Because the logical "or" means a formula is when either or both are true, it is referred to as an inclusive disjunction. This is in contrast with an exclusive disjunction, which is true when one or the other of the arguments are true, but not both (referred to as "exclusive or", or "XOR").
When it is necessary to clarify whether inclusive or exclusive "or" is intended, English speakers sometimes uses the phrase "and/or". In terms of logic, this phrase is identical to "or", but makes the inclusion of both being true explicit.
Zoukoutoumiala
Zoukoutoumiala ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Bamingui-Bangoran kumpoto kwa Central African Republic.
Logical disjunction
Notation
In logic and related fields, disjunction is customarily notated with an infix operator \lor. Alternative notations include +, used mainly in electronics, as well as \vert and in many programming languages. The English word "or" is sometimes used as well, often in capital letters. In Jan Łukasiewicz's prefix notation for logic, the operator is A, short for Polish alternatywa (English: alternative).
Semantics
This semantics corresponds to the following truth table:
Defined by other operators
In classical logic systems where logical disjunction is not a primitive, it can be defined in terms of the primitive "and" (\land) and "not" (\lnot) as:
Alternatively, it may be defined in terms of "implies" (\to) and "not" as: The latter can be checked by the following truth table:
Properties
The following properties apply to disjunction:
Applications in computer science
Operators corresponding to logical disjunction exist in most programming languages.
Bitwise operation
Disjunction is often used for bitwise operations. Examples:
The  operator can be used to set bits in a bit field to 1, by  -ing the field with a constant field with the relevant bits set to 1. For example,  will force the final bit to 1, while leaving other bits unchanged.
Logical operation
Many languages distinguish between bitwise and logical disjunction by providing two distinct operators; in languages following C, bitwise disjunction is performed with the single pipe operator, and logical disjunction with the double pipe operator.
Logical disjunction is usually short-circuited; that is, if the first (left) operand evaluates to, then the second (right) operand is not evaluated. The logical disjunction operator thus usually constitutes a sequence point.
In a parallel (concurrent) language, it is possible to short-circuit both sides: they are evaluated in parallel, and if one terminates with value true, the other is interrupted. This operator is thus called the parallel or.
Although the type of a logical disjunction expression is boolean in most languages (and thus can only have the value  or  ), in some languages (such as Python and JavaScript), the logical disjunction operator returns one of its operands: the first operand if it evaluates to a true value, and the second operand otherwise.
Constructive disjunction
The Curry–Howard correspondence relates a constructivist form of disjunction to tagged union types.
Rushmoor
Rushmoor ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Logical disjunction
Set theory
The membership of an element of a union set in set theory is defined in terms of a logical disjunction:. Because of this, logical disjunction satisfies many of the same identities as set-theoretic union, such as associativity, commutativity, distributivity, and de Morgan's laws, identifying logical conjunction with set intersection, logical negation with set complement.
Natural language
Disjunction in natural languages does not precisely match the interpretation of \lor in classical logic. Notably, classical disjunction is inclusive while natural language disjunction is often understood exclusively, as the following English typically would be.
This inference has sometimes been understood as an entailment, for instance by Alfred Tarski, who suggested that natural language disjunction is ambiguous between a classical and a nonclassical interpretation. More recent work in pragmatics has shown that this inference can be derived as a conversational implicature on the basis of a semantic denotation which behaves classically. However, disjunctive constructions including Hungarian vagy... vagy and French soit... soit have been argued to be inherently exclusive, rendering ungrammaticality in contexts where an inclusive reading would otherwise be forced.
Similar deviations from classical logic have been noted in cases such as free choice disjunction and simplification of disjunctive antecedents, where certain modal operators trigger a conjunction-like interpretation of disjunction. As with exclusivity, these inferences have been analyzed both as implicatures and as entailments arising from a nonclassical interpretation of disjunction.
In many languages, disjunctive expressions play a role in question formation. For instance, while the following English example can be interpreted as a polar question asking whether it's true that Mary is either a philosopher or a linguist, it can also be interpreted as an alternative question asking which of the two professions is hers. The role of disjunction in these cases has been analyzed using nonclassical logics such as alternative semantics and inquisitive semantics, which have also been adopted to explain the free choice and simplification inferences.
In English, as in many other languages, disjunction is expressed by a coordinating conjunction. Other languages express disjunctive meanings in a variety of ways, though it is unknown whether disjunction itself is a linguistic universal. In many languages such as Dyirbal and Maricopa, disjunction is marked using a verb suffix. For instance, in the Maricopa example below, disjunction is marked by the suffix šaa.
South Oxfordshire
South Oxfordshire ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
South Ribble
South Ribble ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Mataleng, Northern Cape
Mataleng, Northern Cape ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Frances Baard District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Northern Cape, charu cha South Africa.
Jõhvi
Jõhvi ni msumba mu boma la Ida-Viru mu charu cha Estonia mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Barkly West, Northern Cape
Barkly West, Northern Cape ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Frances Baard District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Northern Cape, charu cha South Africa.
Fernie, Mpumalanga
Fernie, Mpumalanga ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Gert Sibande District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Mpumalanga, charu cha South Africa.
Rutland
Rutland ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Tjakastad, Mpumalanga
Tjakastad, Mpumalanga ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Gert Sibande District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Mpumalanga, charu cha South Africa.
Narva-Jõesuu
Narva-Jõesuu ni msumba mu boma la Ida-Viru mu charu cha Estonia mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Sydney on Vaal, Northern Cape
Sydney on Vaal, Northern Cape ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Frances Baard District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Northern Cape, charu cha South Africa.
Metropolitan Borough of St Helens
Metropolitan Borough of St Helens ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Nduna Yakwamba ya Zambia
Nduna yikuru ya Zambia yikaŵa mulara wa boma. Kufuma mu 1973 mpaka mu 1975, Mainza Chona wakaŵa munthu wakwamba kuŵa na udindo uwu pamanyuma pakuti charu cha Northern Rhodesia chajiyimira pachekha kufuma ku United Kingdom (Kenneth Kaunda ndiyo wakaŵa nduna yikuru ya Northern Rhodesia mu 1964, pambere charu ichi chindajiyimire pachekha nga ni Zambia).
Mu 1991, mu myezi yaumaliro ya muwuso wa Kaunda, ofesi ya nduna yikamara. Kwambira nyengo yira, pulezidenti wa Zambia ndiyo wakuŵa mutu wa boma na wa boma.
Northern Rhodesia
Apo caru ici cikapangika nga ni cigaŵa ca Britain ca Northern Rhodesia kupaturako ku British South Africa Company ku Rhodesia, wupu wakulongozga ukaŵako. Pa nyengo iyo, ofesi ya nduna yikuru yikaŵako yayi, ndipo muwusi wa Northern Rhodesia ndiyo wakaŵa na mazaza ghose. Ndipouli, mulongozgi wa chipani chikuru chomene mu wupu uwu ndiyo wakaŵa nduna yikuru "yambura kuzomerezgeka". Apo Northern Rhodesia yikasazgikana na Southern Rhodesia na Nyasaland kuti yipange Federation of Rhodesia na Nyasaland, ofesi ya nduna yikuru ya Federation of Rhodesia na Nyasaland yikapangika, ndipo Roy Welensky wa ku Northern Rhodesia ndiyo wakaŵa wachiŵiri na waumaliro. Pamanyuma pakuti Northern Rhodesia yafumamo mu charu ichi, ofesi ya nduna yikuru yikapangika. Nduna yikuru yakwamba na yimoza ya Northern Rhodesia wakaŵa Kenneth Kaunda wa United National Independence Party (UNIP) wati watonda pa mavoti gha 1964 pambere charu chindaŵe na wanangwa.
Zambia
Wakati wazakaŵa wakujiyimira payekha na kucemeka kuti Zambia, Kaunda wakazgoka purezidenti muphya wa Zambia pamanyuma pakusankhika kwambura kususkika. Ntheura, ofesi ya nduna yikamara. Mu 1973, pamanyuma pa kusintha kwa Dango la Zambia, ofesi ya nduna yikakhazikiskikaso nga ni mutu wa boma kweni munthu uyo wakuyimilira wakulongozgeka na Secretary General wa UNIP pakulamulira Zambia. Ici cikacitika cifukwa cakuti Komiti Yikuru ya UNIP yikaŵa na mazaza pa Nyumba ya Malamulo ya Zambia. Pulezidenti Kaunda wakasora Mainza Chona, mulara wa boma. Mu 1975, Chona wakafumapo pa udindo wake ndipo wakasintha Elijah Mudenda. Mu 1977, Chona wakaŵaso nduna yikuru kwa chaka chimoza pambere Daniel Lisulo wandaŵe nduna yikuru. Kebby Musokotwane wakatora udindo uwu kufuma kwa Nalumino Mundia mu 1985, ndipo wakazgoka nduna yikuru yaciwukirano chomene kweniso ndiyo wakaŵa wakwamba uyo wakaŵa wa mu komiti yikuru yayi ya UNIP. Wakafumiskika mu 1989 ndipo wakapika ofesi ya ku vyaru vinyake chifukwa cha kazembe Kaunda uyo wakagomezganga kuti wakukhumba kuŵa kazembe wakulondezgapo.
Mu 1991, ofesi iyi yikalekeskeka cifukwa ca dango liphya ilo likapelekeka kuti paŵe mavoti gha vyaru vinandi. Mazaza agho nduna yikuru yikaŵa nagho ghakaŵaso gha pulezidenti. Ndondomeko iyi yikalongora kuti nduna yikuru yaumaliro, Malimba Masheke, ndiyo wakeneranga kuŵa pa udindo wake m'paka pa nyengo ya mavoti gha mu 1991. Masheke wakati pa nyengo iyo boma likazomerezgekanga yayi, nduna yikuru yikapokeranga malipiro ghacoko kuluska mulembi wake.
Mndandanda wa ŵakugwira ntchito
Political parties {{legend||United National Independence Party (UNIP)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}