cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
EMthonjeni, KwaZulu Natal
EMthonjeni, KwaZulu Natal ni muzi mu msumba wa Jozini, mu boma likulu la UMkhanyakude District Municipality, chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, mu charu cha South Africa.
Mkhonjeni, KwaZulu Natal
Mkhonjeni, KwaZulu Natal ni muzi mu msumba wa Jozini, mu boma likulu la UMkhanyakude District Municipality, chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, mu charu cha South Africa.
Allauch
Allauch ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Izhevsk
Izhevsk, mzinda kwa Russia. Muli banthu pafupi-fupi 637,000.
Ga-Mankodi, Limpopo
Ga-Mankodi, Limpopo ni muzi mu chigaŵa cha Aganang, mu Capricorn District Municipality, Limpopo, charu cha South Africa.
Weißkirchen an der Traun
Weißkirchen an der Traun ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Hidalgo
Hidalgo ni nthavwa (state) iyo ikusangika mu charu cha Mexico,ndipo njimoza mwa nthavwa 32 izo zilipanga charu cha Mexico,mu nthunthu (chirwa) chikulu cha Amerika Wakumpoto.
Miramas
Miramas ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Voerde (Niederrhein)
Voerde (Niederrhein) ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Boulogne-sur-Mer
Boulogne-sur-Mer ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hauts-de-France, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Visselhövede
Visselhövede ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Birgitz
Birgitz ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Tyrol mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Saint-Paul, Réunion
Saint-Paul, Réunion ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Réunion, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Barnaul
Barnaul, mzinda kwa Russia. Muli banthu pafupi-fupi 633,000.
Carlswald
Carlswald ni ni msumba udoko mu msumba ukulu wa Johannesburg (Chigaŵa A), mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa, ku mmwela kwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Versmold
Versmold ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Vlotho
Vlotho ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Nigavan
Nigavan ni muzi mu chigaŵa cha Aparan Municipality mu  chigaŵa chikulu cha Aragatsotn Province, mu charu cha  Armenia.
Überlingen
Überlingen ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Weitersfelden
Weitersfelden ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Wattrelos
Wattrelos ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hauts-de-France, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Sinaloa
Sinaloa ni nthavwa (state) iyo ikusangika mu charu cha Mexico,ndipo njimoza mwa nthavwa 32 izo zilipanga charu cha Mexico,mu nthunthu (chirwa) chikulu cha Amerika Wakumpoto.
Irkutsk
Irkutsk, mzinda kwa Russia. Muli banthu pafupi-fupi 612,000.
Compiègne
Compiègne ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hauts-de-France, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Ueckermünde
Ueckermünde ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Réunion
Réunion ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Réunion, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Sonora
Sonora ni nthavwa (state) iyo ikusangika mu charu cha Mexico,ndipo njimoza mwa nthavwa 32 izo zilipanga charu cha Mexico,mu nthunthu (chirwa) chikulu cha Amerika Wakumpoto.
Lavant, Tyrol
Lavant, Tyrol ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Tyrol mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Uebigau-Wahrenbrück
Uebigau-Wahrenbrück ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Makane, KwaZulu Natal
Makane, KwaZulu Natal ni muzi mu msumba wa Jozini, mu boma likulu la UMkhanyakude District Municipality, chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, mu charu cha South Africa.
Baumkirchen
Baumkirchen ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Tyrol mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Arras
Arras ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hauts-de-France, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Uelzen
Uelzen ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Vladivostok
Vladivostok, mzinda kwa Russia. Muli banthu pafupi-fupi 603,000.
Uffenheim
Uffenheim ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Guerrero
Guerrero ni nthavwa (state) iyo ikusangika mu charu cha Mexico,ndipo njimoza mwa nthavwa 32 izo zilipanga charu cha Mexico,mu nthunthu (chirwa) chikulu cha Amerika Wakumpoto.
Mkhanyeni, KwaZulu Natal
Mkhanyeni, KwaZulu Natal ni muzi mu msumba wa Jozini, mu boma likulu la UMkhanyakude District Municipality, chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, mu charu cha South Africa.
Mkuze, KwaZulu Natal
Mkuze, KwaZulu Natal ni muzi mu msumba wa Jozini, mu boma likulu la UMkhanyakude District Municipality, chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, mu charu cha South Africa.
Mpondwana, KwaZulu Natal
Mpondwana, KwaZulu Natal ni muzi mu msumba wa Jozini, mu boma likulu la UMkhanyakude District Municipality, chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, mu charu cha South Africa.
Ulm
Ulm ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Ezinkunini, KwaZulu Natal
Ezinkunini, KwaZulu Natal ni muzi mu msumba wa Jozini, mu boma likulu la UMkhanyakude District Municipality, chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, mu charu cha South Africa.
Weng im Innkreis
Weng im Innkreis ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Lechaschau
Lechaschau ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Tyrol mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Ga-Manyapje, Limpopo
Ga-Manyapje, Limpopo ni muzi mu chigaŵa cha Aganang, mu Capricorn District Municipality, Limpopo, charu cha South Africa.
Cavaillon
Cavaillon ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Wendling, Grieskirchen
Wendling, Grieskirchen ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Saint-Quentin, Aisne
Saint-Quentin, Aisne ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hauts-de-France, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Hashim Tariq Bhat
Hashim Tariq Bhat ni munthu waku India ndipo wakambiska kampani ya Sonzal Publishers na KinderLot Tech.
Ntchito
Wakamba ntchito yake ya kujambura vithuzi mu chaka cha 2022 ndipo wakajambura kampani yakupanga mabuku yakuchemeka Sonzal Publishers. Pakuŵa mulembi, wafumiska mabuku ghatatu mu 2022.
Umoyo Wakwambilira
Wakababika pa 12 Okutobala 2002 mu chigaŵa cha Ganderbal ku Jammu na Kashmir mu mbumba ya Tipu Tariq Bhat na shahzada.
Vyakupeleka
Mphoto ya 8 ya pa caru cose ya vyakujambura vithuzi.
Kusambira
Wakasambira ku Crescent Public School ku Srinagar pambere wandambe masambiro gha BA ku Amar Singh College, uko wakafumako pamanyuma pa chaka chimoza. Hashim wakusambira pa Central University of Kashmir, uko wakusambira BVoc. Tourism & Hospitality.
Saint-André, Réunion
Saint-André, Réunion ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Réunion, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Khbarovsk
Khbarovsk, mzinda kwa Russia. Muli banthu pafupi-fupi 601,000.
Leisach
Leisach ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Tyrol mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
KwaLiweni, KwaZulu Natal
KwaLiweni, KwaZulu Natal ni muzi mu msumba wa Jozini, mu boma likulu la UMkhanyakude District Municipality, chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, mu charu cha South Africa.
Yaroslavl
Yaroslavl, mzinda kwa Russia. Muli banthu pafupi-fupi 602,000.
Lermoos
Lermoos ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Tyrol mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Amiens
Amiens ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hauts-de-France, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Saint-Joseph, Réunion
Saint-Joseph, Réunion ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Réunion, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Übach-Palenberg
Übach-Palenberg ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Chartwell
Chartwell ni ni msumba udoko mu msumba ukulu wa Johannesburg (Chigaŵa A), mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa, ku mmwela kwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Ulmen
Ulmen ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Valenciennes
Valenciennes ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hauts-de-France, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Uhingen
Uhingen ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Saint-Pierre, Réunion
Saint-Pierre, Réunion ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Réunion, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Ga-Mangou, Limpopo
Ga-Mangou, Limpopo ni muzi mu chigaŵa cha Aganang, mu Capricorn District Municipality, Limpopo, charu cha South Africa.
Ingwavuma, KwaZulu Natal
Ingwavuma, KwaZulu Natal ni muzi mu msumba wa Jozini, mu boma likulu la UMkhanyakude District Municipality, chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, mu charu cha South Africa.
Saint-Louis, Réunion
Saint-Louis, Réunion ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Réunion, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Le Tampon
Le Tampon ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Réunion, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Ga-Keetse, Limpopo
Ga-Keetse, Limpopo ni muzi mu chigaŵa cha Aganang, mu Capricorn District Municipality, Limpopo, charu cha South Africa.
Melikgyugh
Melikgyugh ni muzi mu chigaŵa cha Aparan Municipality mu  chigaŵa chikulu cha Aragatsotn Province, mu charu cha  Armenia.
Ummerstadt
Ummerstadt ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Weyregg am Attersee
Weyregg am Attersee ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Unkel
Unkel ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Weyer, Austria
Weyer, Austria ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Calais
Calais ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hauts-de-France, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Dunkirk
Dunkirk ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hauts-de-France, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Munywana, KwaZulu Natal
Munywana, KwaZulu Natal ni muzi mu msumba wa Jozini, mu boma likulu la UMkhanyakude District Municipality, chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, mu charu cha South Africa.
Spain
Spain ni chalo icho chili kwa Europe.
Slovenia
Slovenia (sl: Slovenija), ni chalo icho chili kwa Europe. Pali anthu pafupifupi 2 066 880 m'dzikoli (2017).
Roubaix
Roubaix ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hauts-de-France, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Wernstein am Inn
Wernstein am Inn ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Tourcoing
Tourcoing ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hauts-de-France, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Ulrichstein
Ulrichstein ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
México
México ni nthavwa (state) iyo ikusangika mu charu cha Mexico,ndipo njimoza mwa nthavwa 32 izo zilipanga charu cha Mexico,mu nthunthu (chirwa) chikulu cha Amerika Wakumpoto.
Saint-Benoît, Réunion
Saint-Benoît, Réunion ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Réunion, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Ga-Mahoai, Limpopo
Ga-Mahoai, Limpopo ni muzi mu chigaŵa cha Aganang, mu Capricorn District Municipality, Limpopo, charu cha South Africa.
Cayo Largo (Pinar del Río)
Malo
Ku mpoto kuli Villa II, kumwera kuli Alonso Rojas, kumafumiro gha dazi kuli Herradura ndipo kumanjiliro gha dazi kuli Puerta de Golpe.
Mbiri
Kufuma mu Disembala 1991, ŵanthu ŵakamba kuwungana mu vigaŵa vya ku mizi mwakulongozgeka na wupu wa National Assembly.
Yeghipatrush
Yeghipatrush ni muzi mu chigaŵa cha Aparan Municipality mu  chigaŵa chikulu cha Aragatsotn Province, mu charu cha  Armenia.
Ga-Madiba, Limpopo
Ga-Madiba, Limpopo ni muzi mu chigaŵa cha Aganang, mu Capricorn District Municipality, Limpopo, charu cha South Africa.
Ga-Matlapa, Limpopo
Ga-Matlapa, Limpopo ni muzi mu chigaŵa cha Aganang, mu Capricorn District Municipality, Limpopo, charu cha South Africa.
Michoacán
Michoacán ni nthavwa (state) iyo ikusangika mu charu cha Mexico,ndipo njimoza mwa nthavwa 32 izo zilipanga charu cha Mexico,mu nthunthu (chirwa) chikulu cha Amerika Wakumpoto.
Mziki, KwaZulu Natal
Mziki, KwaZulu Natal ni muzi mu msumba wa Jozini, mu boma likulu la UMkhanyakude District Municipality, chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, mu charu cha South Africa.
Nkwambane, KwaZulu Natal
Nkwambane, KwaZulu Natal ni muzi mu msumba wa Jozini, mu boma likulu la UMkhanyakude District Municipality, chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, mu charu cha South Africa.
Lienz
Lienz ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Tyrol mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Saint-Leu, Réunion
Saint-Leu, Réunion ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Réunion, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Usingen
Usingen ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Cambrai
Cambrai ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hauts-de-France, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Windhaag bei Freistadt
Windhaag bei Freistadt ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Beauvais
Beauvais ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hauts-de-France, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Windhaag bei Perg
Windhaag bei Perg ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Nhlabezinde, KwaZulu Natal
Nhlabezinde, KwaZulu Natal ni muzi mu msumba wa Jozini, mu boma likulu la UMkhanyakude District Municipality, chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, mu charu cha South Africa.
KwaMangqwashu, KwaZulu Natal
KwaMangqwashu, KwaZulu Natal ni muzi mu msumba wa Jozini, mu boma likulu la UMkhanyakude District Municipality, chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, mu charu cha South Africa.
La Possession
La Possession ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Réunion, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Netherlands
Netherlands (nl: Nederland), ni chalo icho chili kwa Europe. Pali anthu pafupifupi 17,170,000 m'dzikoli (2017).
Switzerland
Switzerland (de: die Schweiz, fr: Suisse, it: Svizzera, rm: Svizra), ni chalo icho chili kwa Europe.
Usedom (town)
Usedom (town) ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Lille
Lille ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hauts-de-France, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Morelos
Morelos ni nthavwa (state) iyo ikusangika mu charu cha Mexico,ndipo njimoza mwa nthavwa 32 izo zilipanga charu cha Mexico,mu nthunthu (chirwa) chikulu cha Amerika Wakumpoto.
Leutasch
Leutasch ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Tyrol mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Tamaulipas
Tamaulipas ni nthavwa (state) iyo ikusangika mu charu cha Mexico,ndipo njimoza mwa nthavwa 32 izo zilipanga charu cha Mexico,mu nthunthu (chirwa) chikulu cha Amerika Wakumpoto.
Sweden
Sweden (sv: Sverige), ni chalo icho chili kwa Europe.
EZinhlwathini, KwaZulu Natal
EZinhlwathini, KwaZulu Natal ni muzi mu msumba wa Jozini, mu boma likulu la UMkhanyakude District Municipality, chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, mu charu cha South Africa.
Lens, Pas-de-Calais
Lens, Pas-de-Calais ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hauts-de-France, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Wippenham
Wippenham ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Mariastein, Tyrol
Mariastein, Tyrol ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Tyrol mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Windischgarsten
Windischgarsten ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Villeneuve-d'Ascq
Villeneuve-d'Ascq ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hauts-de-France, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Yernjatap
Yernjatap ni muzi mu chigaŵa cha Aparan Municipality mu  chigaŵa chikulu cha Aragatsotn Province, mu charu cha  Armenia.
Unterschleißheim
Unterschleißheim ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
EGujini, KwaZulu Natal
EGujini, KwaZulu Natal ni muzi mu msumba wa Jozini, mu boma likulu la UMkhanyakude District Municipality, chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, mu charu cha South Africa.
Werben (Elbe)
Werben (Elbe) ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
KwaJobe, KwaZulu Natal
KwaJobe, KwaZulu Natal ni muzi mu msumba wa Jozini, mu boma likulu la UMkhanyakude District Municipality, chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, mu charu cha South Africa.
Lake View, Jozini
Lake View, Jozini ni muzi mu msumba wa Jozini, mu boma likulu la UMkhanyakude District Municipality, chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, mu charu cha South Africa.
Sainte-Marie, Réunion
Sainte-Marie, Réunion ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Réunion, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Wilhering
Wilhering ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Ndumu, KwaZulu Natal
Ndumu, KwaZulu Natal ni muzi mu msumba wa Jozini, mu boma likulu la UMkhanyakude District Municipality, chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, mu charu cha South Africa.
Wolfern
Wolfern ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Agarak, Aragatsotn
Agarak, Aragatsotn ni muzi mu chigaŵa cha Ashtarak Municipality mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Aragatsotn Province, mu charu cha Armenia.
ESiweni, KwaZulu Natal
ESiweni, KwaZulu Natal ni muzi mu msumba wa Jozini, mu boma likulu la UMkhanyakude District Municipality, chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, mu charu cha South Africa.
Liévin
Liévin ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Hauts-de-France, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Matrei in Osttirol
Matrei in Osttirol ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Tyrol mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Sainte-Suzanne, Réunion
Sainte-Suzanne, Réunion ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Réunion, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Ga-Motlagomo, Limpopo
Ga-Motlagomo, Limpopo ni muzi mu chigaŵa cha Aganang, mu Capricorn District Municipality, Limpopo, charu cha South Africa.
Le Port, Réunion
Le Port, Réunion ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Réunion, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Ivory Coast
Ivory Coast, kumanyikwaso kuti Côte d'Ivoire, mwakuchichema mwaboma, Charu cha Ivory Cost, ni charu icho chili kumwera kwa Africa. Msumba wake ukuru ni Yamoussoukro, uwo uli pakatikati pa caru ici, ndipo msumba wake ukuru comene ni msumba wa Abidjan. Charu ichi chili na mphaka na Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Burkina Faso, Ghana, na nyanja ya Atlantic. Chiyowoyero cha boma ni Chifurenchi, ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuyowoya viyowoyero vinyake nga ni Bété, Baoulé, Dioula, Dan, Anyin, na Cebaara Senufo. Ku Ivory Coast kuli viyowoyero vyakujumpha 78. Charu ichi chili na ŵanthu ŵakupambanapambana, kusazgapo awo ŵakulondezga Chikhristu, Chisilamu, na visopa vinyake nga ni Animism.
Ga-Mmathongwana, Limpopo
Ga-Mmathongwana, Limpopo ni muzi mu chigaŵa cha Aganang, mu Capricorn District Municipality, Limpopo, charu cha South Africa.
Ivory Coast
Pambere charu cha Ivory Coast chindambe kulamulirika, pakaŵa vyaru vinandi nga ni Gyaaman, Kong Empire, na Baoulé. Mu 1843, chigaŵa ichi chikaŵa pasi pa boma la France, ndipo mu 1893 chikaŵa pasi pa boma la France. Charu ichi chikamba kujiyimira paŵekha mu 1960, ndipo Félix Houphouët-Boigny ndiyo wakawusanga m'paka mu 1993. Nangauli charu cha Ivory Coast chikaŵa chakukhora, kweni chikaŵa paubwezi wakukhora na vyaru vya kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Africa. Nkhondo iyi yikachitika mu 1999, ndipo pamanyuma pake pakaŵa nkhondo ziŵiri. Likapokera dango liphya mu 2016.
Cote d'Ivoire ni charu icho chili na mazaza ghakurughakuru. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1960 na 1970, charu ichi chikaŵa na nkhongono pa vyachuma mu vyaru vya kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Africa. Kufuma waka apo mtende na mtende vikambira mu 2011, charu cha Ivory Coast chikukura chomene. Kufuma mu 2012 kufika mu 2021, chuma chikakura pa avareji ya 7.4% pa chaka mu malipoti, ndipo ichi ndicho chikaŵa chiŵelengero chachiŵiri chakukwera chomene mu Africa kweniso chachinayi pa charu chose. Mu 2020, charu cha Ivory Coast ndicho chikaguliskanga chomene mbuto za koko pa charu chose. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 2000, vyakumera vikuluta ku vyakumera vinyake.
Zina
Pakwamba, ŵamalonda ŵa ku Portugal na France awo ŵakasanda malo mu vyaka vya m'ma 1500 na 1600, ŵakagaŵa mumphepete mwa nyanja ya kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Africa mu vigaŵa vinayi. Mumphepete mwa nyanja, uko Ŵacifurenci ŵakacema Côte d'Ivoire ndipo Ŵapwitikizi ŵakacema Costa do Marfim, kung'anamura "Mumphepete mwa Nyanja ya Ivory", kukaŵa pakati pa Guinea de Cabo Verde na Lower Guinea. Kukaŵaso chigaŵa cha Pepper Coast, icho sono chikuchemekaso kuti "Grain Coast" (lero ni Liberia), "Gold Coast" (Ghana), na "Slave Coast" (Togo, Benin, na Nigeria). Nga ni malo agha, zina lakuti "Ivory Coast" likulongora malonda ghakuru agho ghakacitikanga pa malo agha.
Zina linyake la malo agha ni Côte de Dents, lizgu ili likung'anamura kuti "Chipiri cha Mino". Côte de Quaqua, kufuma ku ŵanthu awo Ŵachidachi ŵakaŵathya Quaqua (panji Kwa Kwa);mu mphepete mwa nyanja ya Five and Six Stripes, pamanyuma pakuti mtundu unyake wa salu za thonje nawo ukaguliskikanga kwenekura,mu mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Windward, chifukwa cha nyengo iyo yikulutilira pa nyanja. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1800, ŵanthu ŵakamba kugwiliskira ntchito chiyowoyero ichi ku Côte d'Ivoire.
Mphepete mwa nyanja ya charu ichi pali malo ghanyake agho ŵamalonda ŵa mu vyaka vya m'ma 15 na 16 ŵakaghamanyanga kuti ni "Mano" panji "Mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Njovu".Likalutilira kuŵa na zina ili m'paka apo likamba kulamulirika na France mu 1960. Zina ili likang'anamulika kale mu viyowoyero vinyake, ndipo boma likati lajiyimira palekha, likawonanga kuti ntchakusuzga chomene para ŵanthu ŵakuyowoya Chifurenchi ŵafumako ku vyaru vinyake. Ntheura, mu Epulero 1986, boma likati Côte d'Ivoire (panji kuti République de Côte d'Ivoire) ndilo lizamuŵa zina lake lakwamba..Nangauli boma la Côte d'Ivoire likukhumba kuti lizgu ili lilembeke mu Chingelezi, kweni ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakulizunura kuti "Ivory Coast" (kanandi "the Ivory Coast").
Kusama pa malo
Ntchakusuzga kumanya usange ŵanthu ŵakamba kuwukapo ku Ivory Coast chifukwa mu charu ichi mukaŵa chithukivu. Ndipouli, viŵiya na viŵiya vinyake ivyo vikusangika (mwakudumura, nkhwantha zakutowa izo zikadumulika mu visulo na vyakukhalira vya kuphika na kuloŵa somba) vikulongora kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakaŵako mu nyengo ya Upper Paleolithic (15,000 m'paka 10,000 B.C.E.), panji nyengo ya Neolithic.
Ŵanthu ŵakwambilira awo ŵakakhalanga ku Ivory Coast ŵali kusidika mu malo ghanandi. Ŵasayansi ŵakugomezga kuti ŵanthu wose aŵa ŵakachimbizgika panji ŵakatoleka na ŵasekuru ŵa ŵanthu awo ŵakukhala mu chigaŵa ichi. Ŵanthu aŵa ŵakaŵa Ehotilé (Aboisso), Kotrowou (Fresco), Zéhiri (Grand-Lahou), Ega, na Diès (Divo).
Nyengo za mu nyengo ya Islamu
Ŵanthu ŵakwambilira awo ŵakuzunulika mu Baibolo ni ŵamalonda ŵa ku North Africa (Berber) awo ŵakaguliskanga mchere, ŵazga, golide, na vinthu vinyake mu Sahara. Malo ghakumafumiro gha dazi gha nthowa za malonda izo zikafumanga ku Sahara ghakaŵa mumphepete mwa mapopa, ndipo kufuma pa malo agha, malonda ghakasazgikirangapo. Malo ghakutali chomene gha Djenne, Gao, na Timbuktu ghakazgoka malo ghakurughakuru gha malonda agho ghakazingilizga maufumu gha ku Sudan.
Pakuti maufumu agha ghakaŵa na ŵasilikari ŵankhongono, ghakaŵa na mazaza pa vyaru vinyake. Maufumu gha ku Sudan nagho ghakazgoka malo ghakusambizgirako chisopa cha Cisilamu. Ŵasilamu ŵa ku Berber ndiwo ŵakambiska chisopa cha Chisilamu ku Western Sudan. Kufuma waka mu ma 1100 C.E., apo mathemba gha mu maufumu gha ku Sudan ghakazomera chisopa cha Ciisilamu, chisopa ici chikamba kuthandazgika kumwera kwa Ivory Coast.
Ufumu wa Ghana, uwo ukaŵa wakwamba mu maufumu gha ku Sudan, ukaŵa na mazaza mu chigaŵa icho sono chili kumwera kwa Mauritania na kumwera kwa Mali pakati pa vyaka vya m'ma 400 na 1300. Pa nyengo iyo ufumu uwu ukaŵa wankhongono comene mu vyaka vya m'ma 1100, ufumu wake ukafika kufuma ku nyanja ya Atlantic m'paka ku Timbuktu. Ghana wakati wabwangandulika, ufumu wa Mali ukazgoka ufumu wankhongono wa Ŵasilamu, uwo ukafika paheni chomene mu vyaka vya m'ma 1400. Chigaŵa cha Ufumu wa Mali ku Ivory Coast chikaŵa ku mpoto cha kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Odienné.
Ufumu wa Songhai ukayamba kuchepa mu ma 1400, pamanyuma pa kuti ŵanthu ŵa mu charu ichi ŵambenge kulimbana. Kweniso Songhai wakasuzgika cifukwa ca mphindano izo zikaŵapo pakati pawo. Ivi vikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵalute kumwera. Nkhorongo iyo yikaŵa kumwera kwa charu ichi yikatondeskanga ŵandyali awo ŵakaŵa kumpoto. Ŵanthu ŵakakhalanga mu mizi panji vikaya vinandi, ndipo ŵakendanga na ŵamalonda awo ŵakendanga mtunda utali. Ŵanthu ŵakakhalanga mu mizi iyi ndipo ŵakenderanga vyakurya na ulovi.
Nyengo ya ku Europe
Ufumu wa Abron wa Gyaaman ukaŵako mu 17th century na gulu la Akan, Abron, awo ŵakachimbira ku Ashanti Confederation ya Asanteman mu Ghana wa mazuŵa ghano. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Abron ŵakamba kulamulira ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Dyula ku Bondoukou. Bondoukou wakaŵa msumba ukuru wa malonda na wa chisopa cha Cisilamu. Ŵasambizgi ŵa Baibolo ŵa mu ufumu uwu ŵakakopanga ŵana ŵa sukulu kufuma ku vigaŵa vyose vya kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Africa. Pakati pa vyaka vya m'ma 1700, mu chigaŵa cha kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Côte d'Ivoire, magulu ghanyake gha Ŵaakan agho ghakachimbira ku Asante ghakazenga ufumu wa Baoulé ku Sakasso na maufumu ghaŵiri gha Agni, Indénié na Sanwi.
Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Baoulé, nga mbanthu ŵa mtundu wa Ashanti, ŵakaŵa na ndondomeko ya ndyali na ya ndyali iyo yikendeskekanga na mafumu ghatatu. Paumaliro, charu ichi chikagaŵikana mu vigaŵa vichoko. Nangauli ufumu wawo ukabwanganduka, kweni Ŵabaule ŵakakana kuti ŵaŵawusenge ku France. Ŵana ŵa mafumu gha Agni ŵakayezga kuti ŵalutilire kuŵa ŵekha mu charu ichi kufuma apo charu cha Ivory Coast chikapokera wanangwa.
Kukhazikiska muwuso wa France
Kuyaniska na Ghana, Ivory Coast, nangauli yikaŵa na ŵazga ŵanandi kweniso ŵakuguliska ŵazga, kweni yikaŵa na masuzgo ghacoko comene. Ngalaŵa za ŵazga na zamalonda za ku Europe zikakhumbanga kuluta ku malo ghanyake mumphepete mwa nyanja. Ŵanthu ŵakwambilira awo ŵakaluta ku vyaru vya kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Africa ŵakaŵa Ŵapwitikizi. Msumba wakwamba wa ku French ku West Africa, wa Saint-Louis, ukazengeka pakati pa vyaka vya m'ma 1600 ku Senegal. Pa nyengo yeneyira, Ŵachidachi ŵakapeleka malo ku Ŵachifurenci ku Gorée Island, kufupi na Dakar. Mu 1687, ku Assinie, kufupi na mphaka ya Gold Coast (uko sono ni Ghana), kukaŵa ofesi ya ŵapharazgi ŵa ku France. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe ŵakalekeska ŵazga awo ŵakakhalanga ku malo agha, ndipo ŵakakanizga ŵamalonda awo ŵakaguliskanga.
Kweni Assinie wakasuzgika chomene kuti waleke kuparanyika. Mu 1843-44, Admiral Louis Edouard Bouët-Willaumez wa ku France wakalemba mapangano na mafumu gha Grand-Bassam na Assinie, ndipo malo agha ghakazgoka chivikiliro cha France. Ŵalendo ŵa ku France, ŵamishonale, ŵamalonda, na ŵasilikari, ŵakamba kwenda pachokopachoko kufuma ku chigaŵa cha nyanja iyi. Kufika mu 1915, caru cikaŵa pa mtende.
Ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe ŵakakondwa chomene na mizi iyo yikaŵa mumphepete mwa nyanja, chomenechomene iyo yikaŵa mumphepete mwa milonga yikuru ya Senegal na Niger. Ŵanthu ŵa ku France ŵakamba kupenja malo mu vyaru vya kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Africa pakati pa vyaka vya m'ma 1800 C.E., kweni ŵakenda pachokopachoko. Mu ma 1840, ŵa ku France ŵakachita mapangano ghanandi na ŵalongozgi ŵa ku West Africa. Malo ghakwambilira agho ŵakazenga ghakaŵa ku Assinie na Grand-Bassam. Pa maungano agha, ŵakaŵapa mazaza gha kuwusa mu vigaŵa vyawo kweniso ŵakaŵapa mwaŵi wa kuchita malonda. Ŵacifrenchi ŵakakhorwa yayi na ndondomeko iyi cifukwa cakuti malonda ghakaŵa ghacoko, ndipo kanandi pakaŵanga kuleka kupulikiska vinthu. Ndipouli, boma la France likalutilira kukolerana na mapangano agha. Kweniso caru ca France cikakhumba kuti ciŵepo mu cigaŵa ici kuti cikanizge mazaza gha Britain agho ghakaŵa pafupi na nyanja ya Gulf of Guinea. Nkhondo ya ku France na Prussia yikati yamara mu 1871, ndipo boma la France likapoka chigaŵa cha Alsace-Lorraine. Ntheura boma la France likagongowa na kufumiska ŵasilikari ŵake ku vyaru vya kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Africa. Malo gha malonda gha Grand-Bassam ghakalekeka kwa Arthur Verdier, uyo mu 1878 wakachemeka Resident of the Establishment of Ivory Coast.
Nyengo ya French colonial
Kuumaliro wa m'ma 1880, caru ca France cikamba kuwusa vigaŵa vya mumphepete mwa nyanja, ndipo mu 1889, Britain yikazomera mazaza gha caru ici. Mu chaka chenechichi, boma la France likimika Treich-Laplène kuŵa kazembe wa chigaŵa ichi. Mu 1893, Ivory Coast yikazgoka koloni la France, ndipo msumba wake ukuru ukaŵa Grand-Bassam. Mu 1892 ŵakakolerana na charu cha Liberia, ndipo mu 1893 ŵakakolerana na charu cha Britain kuti ŵanozge mphaka ya kumafumiro gha dazi na kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa charu ichi. Kweni mphaka ya kumpoto yikamara yayi m'paka mu 1947 chifukwa chakuti boma la France likakhumbanga kuti chigaŵa cha Upper Volta (lero ni Burkina Faso) na French Sudan (lero ni Mali) viŵe ku Ivory Coast.
Cakulinga cikuru ca France cikaŵa kukhozga vyakurya vyakutumizga ku vyaru vinyake. Nyengo yichoko waka, ŵanthu ŵakamba kulima khofi, koko, na mafuta gha maolive mumphepete mwa nyanja. Ku Ivory Coast ndiko kukaŵa ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Europe awo ŵakakhalanga mu vyaru vinyake. Ici cikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku France ŵaŵe na cigaŵa cimoza ca vigaŵa vitatu vya minda ya koko, khofi, na nthowa ndipo ŵakamba kugwiriska nchito mwankhongono. Mu vyaka vyakwambilira, ŵasilikari ŵa ku France ŵakatumizganga ŵasilikari ŵawo ku vyaru vinyake kuti ŵakakhazikiske malo ghaphya. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ŵakasuskanga yayi kuti Ŵafarisi ŵanjire mu vyaru vyawo, nanga ni mu vigaŵa ivyo ŵakaŵa na mapangano ghakuŵavikilira. Pakati pa ŵanthu awo ŵakasuskanga chomene pakaŵa Samori Ture, uyo mu ma 1880 na ma 1890, wakambiska ufumu wa Wassoulou, uwo ukaŵa mu vigaŵa vinandi vya Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso, na Ivory Coast. Ŵasilikari ŵa Ture ŵakaŵa na vilwero vinandi ndipo ŵakateŵeteranga mu vigaŵa vyose. Ŵasilikari ŵa ku France ŵakacicizga ŵasilikari ŵa Ture kuti ŵalutilire kuthandazga caru. Nkhondo za ku France zakususkana na Ture, izo zikaŵa zakusuzga, zikakura comene pakati pa vyaka vya m'ma 1890 mpaka apo wakakoleka mu 1898 ndipo ufumu wake ukamara.
Baja California,Mexico
Baja California ni nthavwa (state) iyo ikusangika mu charu cha Mexico,ndipo njimoza mwa nthavwa 32 izo zilipanga charu cha Mexico,mu nthunthu (chirwa) chikulu cha Amerika Wakumpoto.
Ivory Coast
Nyengo ya French colonial
Mu 1900, boma la France likakhazikiska msonkho wa munthu yumoza kuti liwovwire pa mulimo wa kuzenga. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Ivory Coast ŵakawonanga kuti msonkho uwu ukuswa malango gha boma chifukwa ŵakawonanga kuti France yikukhumba kuti mafumu gha mu charu ichi ghaŵapenge msonkho wakuyana na uwo ŵanthu ŵa mu charu ichi ŵakuguliska. Ŵanandi, comenecomene awo ŵakakhalanga mu vigaŵa vya mukati, ŵakawonanga msonkho kuŵa cimanyikwiro ca kuyuyulika. Mu 1905, ŵa ku France ŵakalekeska wuzga mu vyaru vinandi vya ku French West Africa. Kufuma mu 1904 m'paka 1958, Ivory Coast yikaŵa chigaŵa cha French West Africa. Yikaŵa malo agho ghakaŵa pasi pa boma la Republic III. Mu nyengo ya Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Caru Cose, caru ca France cikapeleka ŵasilikari kufuma ku Ivory Coast kuti ŵarwe nkhondo mu caru ici. M'paka apo Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya pa Charu Chose yikambira, boma la France likalongozganga vinthu ku West Africa kufuma ku Paris. Ndondomeko ya ku France ku West Africa yikalongosoreka comene na fundo yakuti ŵanthu wose ŵa ku Africa mu Ivory Coast ŵakaŵa "ŵanthu" ŵa ku France, kweni ŵakaŵavya wanangwa wakuyimilira ŵanyawo mu Africa panji mu France.
Mu vyaru vinyake vya ku France, ŵanthu ŵakakolerananga na ŵanyawo. Cifukwa cakuti ŵanthu ŵakagomezganga kuti Cifurenci nchiwemi comene kuluska caru cawo, fundo iyi yikang'anamuranga kuti ciyowoyero ca Cifurenci, malango, na mitheto viŵikikenge mu vyaru vinyake. Ndondomeko ya kuwungana yikayowoyaso kuti Ŵacifurenci ndiwo ŵakaŵa ŵapachanya comene mu vyaru ivyo vikaŵa pasi pawo, kweni yikaŵa na malango ghakupambana. Kuyana na ndondomeko iyi, ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakakhalanga ku Ivory Coast ŵakazomerezgekanga kusunga mitheto yawo usange yikukolerana na fundo za ku France.
Ŵanthu ŵa ku France awo ŵakasambizgika vinthu vya ku France ndiwo ŵakaŵa pakati pa ŵanthu ŵa ku France na ŵa ku Africa. Pakati pajumpha vyaka vya m'ma 1930, ŵanthu ŵachoko waka ŵa ku Ivory Coast awo ŵakaŵa ku vyaru vya kumanjiliro gha dazi, ŵakapika wanangwa wa kupempha kukhala ku France. Ndipouli, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Ivory Coast ŵakaŵa pasi pa boma la France. Ŵanthu ŵa ku France awo ŵakaŵavya wanangwa wa ndyali ŵakaŵa pasi pa boma la France. Ŵakacemekanga kuti ŵakagwirenge nchito mu migodi, mu minda, kuŵa ŵakunyamura katundu, na kuzenga vinthu vya boma. Ŵakeneranga kuŵa ŵasilikari ndipo ŵakalondezganga malango gha boma.
Mu nyengo ya Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Charu Chose, boma la Vichy likalutilira kulamulira m'paka mu 1943, apo boma la Charles de Gaulle likapoka chigaŵa chose cha French West Africa. Ungano wa ku Brazzaville mu 1944, ungano wakwamba wa Republic yacinayi mu 1946, na kuwonga kwa caru ca France cifukwa ca kugomezgeka kwa ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa pa Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Caru Cose, vikapangiska kuti boma lipange vinthu vinyake mu 1946. Ŵanthu wose ŵa ku Africa ŵakapika wanangwa wa kukhala mu caru ca France, ŵakazomerezgekaso kwendera ndyali, ndipo nchito zinandi zacicicizgo zikamara. Pakati pa 1944 na 1946, maboma gha ku France na gha ku Ivory Coast ghakakolerana pa maungano ghanandi. Kuumaliro wa 1946, boma likasintha vinthu ndipo likazomerezga ŵanthu wose ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakaŵa pasi pa French kuŵa ŵenekaya.
M'paka mu 1958, ŵakazembe awo ŵakimikika ku Paris ndiwo ŵakalongozganga charu cha Ivory Coast. Kweniso boma la France likagwiliskiranga ntchito fundo ya kugaŵikana na kuwusa. Ŵanalume ŵa ku France ŵakakhumbanga kuti ŵanthu ŵachoko waka awo ŵakaŵa na mazaza mu charu cha Ivory Coast ŵakhorwenge na umo vinthu viliri sono mwakuti ŵaleke kutinkha France na kupempha kuti charu ichi chijilamulire. Nangauli ŵanthu ŵa ku Ivory Coast ŵakasuskanga comene fundo yakuti ŵanthu ŵaŵe mu wupu, kweni ŵanthu ŵa ku Ivory Coast awo ŵakaŵa ŵakusambira ŵakagomezganga kuti ŵangaŵa ŵakuyana waka mu caru ca ku France cifukwa ca kujiyaniska na caru cawo. Ndipouli, pamanyuma pakuti boma la Ivory Coast laŵikapo mtima kusintha vinthu, ŵalongozgi ŵa charu ichi ŵakamanya kuti para ŵanthu ŵa ku Ivory Coast ŵafika pa mtende na ŵanthu ŵa ku France, mbwenu ŵaŵenge ŵankhongono kuluska ŵanthu ŵa ku Ivory Coast.
Kujiyimila
Pa nyengo iyi, vinthu vikasintha chomene mu vyaru vya ku France. Mu 1956, ŵakalemba buku la Overseas Reform Act (Loi Cadre). Pa Disembala 4, 1958, Ivory Coast yikaŵa chigaŵa chakujiyimira paŵekha cha French Community, icho chikanjira m'malo mwa French Union.
Kufika mu 1960, caru ici cikaŵa cakukondwa comene mu vyaru vya French West Africa. Apo Houphouët-Boigny wakaŵa pulezidenti wakwamba, boma lake likapeleka mitengo yiwemi ku ŵalimi pa vyakurya vyawo kuti viŵawovwire kupanga vyakurya vinandi. Vyakumera vya khofi vikasazgikira comene, ndipo ivi vikapangiska kuti charu cha Ivory Coast chiŵe pa malo ghacitatu pa caru cose, pamanyuma pa Brazil na Colombia. Kuzakafika mu 1979, caru ici cikaŵa cakuluska caru cose pa kupanga koko. Kweniso ndilo likakura comene pa vyakurya vya mu Africa nga ni anise na mafuta. Ŵanthu ŵa ku France ndiwo ŵakacitiska "cinthondwe ca ku Ivory Coast". Mu vyaru vinyake vya mu Africa, ŵanthu ŵakachimbizga ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe ŵati ŵajiyimira ŵekha, kweni ku Ivory Coast, ŵanthu aŵa ŵakanjira. Ŵanthu ŵa ku France ŵakakura kufuma pa 30,000 pambere charu chindambe kujiyimira paŵekha kufika pa 60,000 mu 1980, ndipo ŵanandi ŵakaŵa ŵasambizgi, ŵalaŵiliri, na ŵakupeleka fundo. Kwa vyaka 20, chuma cha charu ichi chikakuranga pafupifupi 10 peresenti pa chaka.
Boma la Houphouët-Boigny
Boma la chipani chimoza la Houphouët-Boigny likaŵa lakukanizgika. Laurent Gbagbo, uyo wakaŵa purezidenti wa Ivory Coast mu 2000, wakacimbira mu caru ici mu ma 1980 pamanyuma pakuti wakakwezga ukali wa Houphouët-Boigny mwa kuzenga gulu la Front Populaire Ivoirien. Houphouët-Boigny wakagomezganga kuti ŵanthu ŵamutemwenge, ndipo ŵakalutilira kumusora. Wakasuskika cifukwa ca kuŵika mtima comene pa kupanga vinthu vikuruvikuru.
Ŵanandi ŵakawonanga kuti ndalama zinandi izo ŵakagwiliskira ntchito pakusintha muzi wake wa Yamoussoukro kuŵa msumba wa ndyali zikaŵa zawakawaka. Ŵanyake ŵakakolerana na ivyo wakayowoya kuti waŵe na malo gha mtende, masambiro, na chisopa mu charu ichi. Kukwambilira kwa m'ma 1980, suzgo la vyachuma pa caru cose na chilangalanga mu caru ici vikapangiska kuti caru ca Ivory Coast ciŵe na masuzgo. Cifukwa cakuti mitengo ya makuni yikakwera comene kweniso shuga yikakhira comene, ngongoli ya caru yikasazgikira katatu. Uheni ukakura comene mu msumba wa Abidjan cifukwa cakuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakizanga mu muzi uwu. Mu 1990, ŵantchito ŵanandi ŵa boma ŵakamba kunjilirapo, ndipo ŵasambiri nawo ŵakamba kunjilirapo. Chifukwa cha masuzgo agha, boma likamba kukhozgera vyaru vinandi. Houphouët-Boigny wakamba kulopwa comene ndipo wakafwa mu 1993. Wakakhumbanga kuti Henri Konan Bédié ndiyo waŵe mulondezgi wake.
Boma la Bédié
Mu Okutobala 1995, Bédié wakathereskeka na ŵanthu ŵanandi. Wakamba kulamulira ndyali, ndipo wakakaka ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakakolerananga nayo yayi. Mwakupambana na ivi, vinthu vikenda makora, cifukwa ca kukhira kwa ndalama na kuyezga kumazga ngongoli. Mwakupambana na Houphouët-Boigny, uyo wakachenjeranga comene kuti waleke kulimbana na ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yinyake ndipo wakazomerezga ŵanthu ŵakufuma mu vyaru vinyake kuti ŵanjire mu mauteŵeti. Pakuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Ivory Coast ŵali kufuma ku vyaru vinyake, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Ivory Coast ŵakaŵako yayi. Pakati pa mafuko ghakupambanapambana pakaŵa mphindano, ndipo ivi vikapangiska kuti paŵe nkhondo ziŵiri.
Mwakuyana waka, Bedié wakawuskamo ŵanthu ŵanandi mu gulu lake. Kuumaliro wa 1999, gulu la ŵasilikari awo ŵakakondwa yayi na ivyo boma likachita, ŵakawuska ŵasilikari na kwamba kuwukira boma. Bedié wakacimbilira ku France. Ŵalongozgi ŵaphya ŵakachepeskako vigeŵenga na vimbundi, ndipo ŵalongozgi ŵa ŵasilikari ŵakachichizganga ŵanthu kuti ŵaleke kunanga vinthu.
Nkhondo Yakwamba
Mu Okutobala 2000, kukaŵa mavoti gha pulezidenti agho Laurent Gbagbo wakathereska Guéï, kweni ghakaŵa ghamtende yayi. Pa nyengo iyo vikaŵa pafupi kuchitika, pakaŵa vivulupi vya ŵasilikari na ŵanthu. Pamanyuma pa kugaluka uko kukapangiska kuti ŵanthu pafupifupi 180 ŵafwe, mwaluŵiro Guéï wakasintha na Gbagbo. Khoti Likuru Chomene mu charu ichi likakana Ouattara cifukwa cakuti wakaŵa wa ku Burkina Faso. Ndondomeko ya boma yikazomerezganga yayi kuti ŵanthu ŵambura kukolerana na boma ŵachitenge mavoti. Ivi vikapangiska kuti ŵanthu awo ŵakamukhozganga, comenecomene awo ŵakafuma kumpoto kwa caru ici, ŵambe kulimbana na ŵapolisi ku Yamoussoukro.
Mu maora ghakwambilira gha 19 Seputembala 2002, apo Gbagbo wakaŵa mu Italy, kuwukira kwa ŵasilikari kukacitika. Ŵasilikari awo ŵakeneranga kufumiskika ŵakagaluka na kwamba kuwukira misumba yinandi. Nkhondo ya kupoka nyumba za ŵasilikari mu Abidjan yikalutilira mpaka pakati pa mulenji, kweni pa nyengo ya mise, ŵasilikari ŵa boma ŵakakora Abidjan. Ŵakaleka kulamulira kumpoto kwa charu ichi, ndipo ŵasilikari ŵakamba kukhazikika mu msumba wa Bouaké. Ŵapanduki ŵakayezga kuti ŵalutilirenge ku Abidjan, ndipo France wakatuma ŵasilikari ŵake kuti ŵakanizge ŵasilikari aŵa. Ŵafarisi ŵakayowoya kuti ŵakuvikilira ŵanthu ŵawo ku ngozi, kweni ŵakawovwiraso ŵasilikari ŵa boma. Nangauli vikaŵa vyambura maukaboni kuti Ŵacifurenci ŵakawovwiranga cigaŵa cilicose, kweni cigaŵa cilicose cikayowoya kuti Ŵacifurenci ŵakovwira cigaŵa cinyake. Tikukayikira usange vyakucita vya ku France vikovwira kuti vinthu viŵe makora panji viheni comene. Ŵanthu ŵakususkana na ivyo vikacitika usiku wenewura.Boma likati pulezidenti wakale Robert Guéï ndiyo wakadangiliranga kuwukira boma, ndipo TV ya boma yikalongoranga vithuzi vya thupi lake lakufwa mu msewu. Ouattara wakabisama mu ofesi ya boma la Germany, cifukwa nyumba yake yikawotcheka. Pulezidenti Gbagbo wakadumulizga ulendo wake wa ku Italy ndipo wakati wawerako wakayowoya pa wayilesi kuti ŵakugaluka ŵanyake ŵakabisama mu mizi iyo mukaŵa ŵantchito ŵakufuma ku vyaru vinyake. Ŵasilikari na ŵasilikari ŵanyake ŵakawotcha nyumba zinandi, ndipo ŵakamba kuwukira ŵanthu. Ŵasilikari ŵakagomezga yayi kuti ŵaleke kuwukira ŵanthu ŵa ku mpoto, ntheura nkhondo yikalutilira pa malo ghakutowa chomene. Ŵasilikari ŵa ku France ŵakatuma ŵasilikari kuti ŵakakhozge mtende, ndipo ŵasilikari ŵa ku Liberia na Sierra Leone ŵakamba kuwukira vigaŵa vinyake vya kumanjiliro gha dazi.
Mu Janyuwale 2003, Gbagbo na ŵalongozgi ŵa ŵakugaluka ŵakasaina mapangano ghakuzenga "boma la kukolerana". Ŵakawuskapo dango lakuti ŵanthu ŵaleke kwiza ku nyumba zawo, ndipo ŵasilikari ŵa ku France ŵakendeskanga mphaka ya kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa charu ichi. Boma ili likaŵa lambura kukhazikika, ndipo pakaŵa masuzgo ghanandi. Mu Malichi 2004, ŵanthu 120 ŵakakomeka pa ungano wa ŵanthu ŵakususka boma, ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakachimbira. Lipoti linyake likati ŵanthu aŵa ŵakakomeka mwakuchita kunozgekera. Nangauli ŵasilikari ŵa UN ŵakatumika kuti ŵakhozge "Malo gha Cigomezgo", kweni ubwezi pakati pa Gbagbo na ŵakususka ukalutilira kunangika.
Kukwambilira kwa Novembala 2004, pamanyuma pakuti phangano la mtende latondekapo cifukwa cakuti ŵakugaluka ŵakakana kufumiska vilwero, Gbagbo wakalangura kuti ŵankhondo ŵaŵawukire. Pa 6 November, 2004, ŵasilikari ŵa ku France ŵakakomeka pa nkhondo yinyake iyo yikacitikira ku Bouaké. Ŵakazgora na kuparanya ndege zinandi za ŵasilikari ŵa Ivory Coast (ndege ziŵiri za Su-25 na helikopita zinkhondi), na ku Abidjan kukawuka viwawa vyakofya vyakwimikana na vya ku France.
Nyengo iyo Gbagbo wakaŵira pulezidenti yikamara pa Okutobala 30, 2005, kweni vikawoneka kuti vingachitika yayi kuti paŵe maungano gha mtende. Ntheura nyengo yake yikasazgikira na chaka chimoza, kuyana na ndondomeko iyo yikalembeka na wupu wa African Union ndipo yikazomerezgeka na wupu wa United Nations Security Council. Pakuti nyengo yakumalizgira maungano yikaŵa pafupi kukwana mu Okutobala 2006, ŵanthu ŵakaghanaghananga kuti maungano agha ghangakwaniskika yayi. Pa Novembala 1, 2006, wupu wa UN Security Council ukazomerezga kuti Gbagbo walutilire kuwusa kwa chaka chimoza. Kweni chikalata ichi chikati wanangwa wa Charles Konan Banny ukwenera kusazgikira. Zuŵa lakulondezgapo, Gbagbo wakayowoya kuti fundo zinyake izo zikuwoneka kuti zikususkana na malango gha boma zizamufiskika yayi.
Pa Malichi 4, 2007, boma na ŵakugaluka ŵakasazga phangano la mtende, ndipo pamasinda, Guillaume Soro, mulongozgi wa gulu ili, wakaŵa nduna yikuru. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakawona kuti vinthu ivi vikakhozga comene Gbagbo. Wupu wa UNICEF ukati paumaliro wa nkhondo iyi, maji na malo ghakukhala ghakasakazika comene. Mu vyaru vinandi, ŵanthu ŵakakhumbikwiranga kunozga maji.
Nkhondo yachiŵiri
Chisankho cha pulezidenti icho chikeneranga kuchitika mu 2005 chikaŵa chakuti chichitikenge mu Novembala 2010. Paumaliro, Gbagbo wakatondeka kulondezga Ouattara. Chipani cha FPI icho chili na mazaza pa charu chose chikatenge ivyo vyalongosoreka vikaŵa vyautesi. Ŵanthu awo ŵakawonanga ivyo vikachitikanga ŵakasuska ivyo ŵakayowoya. Ŵakati ŵapulika ivyo vikachitika, pakaŵa mphindano zikuru na nkhaza. Wupu wakulongozga malango, uwo ukaŵa na ŵanthu awo ŵakakolerana na Gbagbo, ukati ivyo vikachitika mu vigaŵa vinkhondi na viŵiri vya kumpoto ni vyambura kuzomerezgeka ndipo Gbagbo ndiyo wakathereska mavoti 51%. Pamanyuma pa kuŵikika kwa Gbagbo, Ouattara, uyo wakamanyikwa na vyaru vinandi na wupu wa United Nations kuti ndiyo watonda, wakanozga kuti paŵe maungano ghanyake. Ivi vikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵambe kopa kuti nkhondo yingambaso. Wupu wa African Union ukatuma Thabo Mbeki, uyo wakaŵa pulezidenti wa South Africa, kuti waŵe mupayiniya. Wupu wa United Nations Security Council ukazomera fundo yakuti Ouattara ndiyo watonda pa mavoti agha, mwakuyana na umo wupu wa Economic Community of West African States ukacitira.
Mu 2010, mulara wa ŵasilikari ŵa ku Ivory Coast, Nguessan Yao, ŵakamukora ku New York. Wupu wa Immigration and Customs Enforcement (Immigration and Customs Enforcement) ukamuphalira kuti wakuguliska na kutumiza pasi vilwero na mabomba: futi 4,000, mabomba 200,000, na mabomba 50,000 gha mafuta gha masozi. Ŵalaraŵalara ŵanyake ŵa boma la Ivory Coast ŵakaŵafwatura cifukwa ŵakaŵa na pasipoti ya boma. Michael Barry Shor, uyo wakaŵa muzga wa vyamalonda, wakakhalanga ku Virginia. Chisankho cha pulezidenti cha 2010 chikapangiska suzgo la 2010-2011 la Ivory Coast na nkhondo yachiŵiri ya ku Ivory Coast. Wupu wa pa caru cose ukapharazga kuti vyaru viŵiri ivi vikuswa wanangwa wa ŵanthu. Ku Duékoué, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakakomeka. Mu tawuni yapafupi ya Bloléquin, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakakomeka. Wupu wa UN na ŵasilikari ŵa ku France ŵakanjilirapo pa nkhondo kwimikana na Gbagbo. Gbagbo wakakakika pamanyuma pa kuwukira nyumba yake pa 11 April 2011. Charu chikaŵa mu suzgo yikuru cifukwa ca nkhondo, ndipo Ouattara wakaŵa na suzgo likuru la kunozga ndyali na kuwunganya ŵanthu ŵa ku Ivory Coast. Gbagbo wakatolekera ku khoti la International Criminal Court mu Janyuwale 2016. Khoti likamuphalira kuti walije mulandu kweni ŵakamufumiska mwakufwatuka mu Janyuwale 2019. Charu cha Belgium ndicho chasankhika kuŵa chigaŵa cha ungano uwu.
Boma la Ouattara
Ouattara wakuwusa caru kufuma mu 2010. Pulezidenti Ouattara wakasankhikaso pa chisankho cha 2015. Mu Novembala 2020, wakathereska nyengo yachitatu mu mavoti agho ŵakususka ŵakachita. Awo ŵakamususkanga ŵakatenge ntchakuzomerezgeka yayi kuti Ouattara wasankhike pa nyengo yacitatu. Bungwe Lolamulira la Ivory Coast lavomereza mwalamulo chisankho cha Pulezidenti Ouattara pa nthawi yachitatu mu November 2020.
Boma na ndale
Boma lili na vigaŵa vitatu: chigaŵa chakulongozga, chakupanga malango, na chakweruzgira. Nyumba ya Malamulo ya Ivory Coast, yikupanga Senate iyo yikusankhika mwakudunjika na National Assembly iyo yili na mamembara 255.
Kwambira mu 1983, msumba ukuru wa Ivory Coast ni Yamoussoukro, ndipo msumba ukuru ni Abidjan. Vyaru vinandi vili na maboma ghawo mu Abidjan. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Ivory Coast ŵakusuzgika chifukwa cha nkhondo ya pawenenawene iyo yikuchitika mu Seputembala 2021. Wupu wa pa caru cose wakuvikilira wanangwa wa ŵanthu wawona masuzgo agho ghakuŵapo cifukwa ca umo ŵasilikari awo ŵakakoleka na ŵasilikari ŵanyawo ŵakucitira na ŵana awo ŵakucita nga mbazga.
Nangauli nkhondo yikamara kuumaliro wa 2004, kweni charu chikalutilira kugaŵikana, ndipo kumpoto kukaŵa na ŵasilikari ŵa New Forces. Mu Okutobala 2005, boma likakhumbanga kuti paŵe mavoti ghaphya, ndipo mu Malichi 2007, magulu ghakwimikana ghakakolerana kuti ghachitenge ivi, kweni ghakalutilira kuchedwa m'paka Novembala 2010 chifukwa cha kuchedwa kunozgekera.