cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Colorado
Vinyama
Vinyama ivyo vikusangika mu mapiri gha Colorado ni mphoyo, chiwuvi chakumwera cha kumanjiliro gha dazi, chiwuvi cha golide, chiwuvi chamuthumbo, chiwuvi cha American pika, na chiwuvi chakuthondo, vyose vilipo vinandi chomene, nangauli chiwuvi ichi ntcha mu charu ichi yayi. Mu vigaŵa ivi muli visomba vya mtundu wa deer, fox squirrel, desert cottontail, mountain cottontail, na coyote. Mu mapiri agha muli ntcheŵe yakucemeka black-tailed prairie dog, nkharamu yakucemeka swift fox, nkharamu yakucemeka American badger, na nkharamu yakucemeka white-tailed jackrabbit.
M'madera
Boma la Colorado lili na vigaŵa 64. Vigaŵa viŵiri ivi, City and County of Broomfield na City and County of Denver, vili na maboma ghakukolerana. Ma counties ni vigaŵa vyakuzirwa mu boma la Colorado pakuti kulije matawuni panji vigaŵa vinyake.
Dera la El Paso ndilo liri na ŵanthu ŵanandi comene mu Colorado. Dera ili ndimo muli msumba wa Colorado Springs. Dera lachiŵiri ilo lili na ŵanthu ŵanandi ni msumba wa Denver, uwo ni msumba ukuru wa boma ili. Mu vigaŵa vinkhondi mwa vigaŵa 64, sono muli ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 500,000, ndipo mu vigaŵa 12 muli ŵanthu ŵambura kukwana 5,000. Vigaŵa 10 ivyo vili na ŵanthu ŵanandi mu Colorado vili mu chigaŵa cha Front Range Urban Corridor. Dera la Mesa ndilo lili na ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene ku Colorado Western Slope.
Municipalities
Ku Colorado kuli matawuni ghakukwana 272 agho ni matawuni ghakukwana 197, misumba 73, na maboma gha vigaŵa viŵiri. Ku United States mu chaka cha 2020, ŵanthu 4,299,942 pa ŵanthu 5,773,714 awo ŵakakhalanga mu Colorado (74.47%) ŵakakhalanga mu muzi umoza. Ŵanthu ŵakukwana 714,417 (12.37%) ŵakakhalanga mu malo ghakukwana 210, ndipo ŵakukwana 759,355 (13.15%) ŵakakhalanga ku mizi na mu mapiri.
Boma la Colorado likugwira nchito pasi pa boma limoza mwa ma boma ghankhondi. Mu Colorado muli maboma ghaŵili gha msumba na gha county, 61 gha msumba, 12 gha msumba, 35 gha tawuni, 161 gha tawuni, na boma limoza.
Mzinda wa Denver ndiwo uli na ŵanthu ŵanandi comene. Ku Colorado kuli matawuni 12 agho ghali na ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 100,000, ndipo 17 ŵali na ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 100. Virwa 16 ivyo vili na ŵanthu ŵanandi mu Colorado vili mu chigaŵa cha Front Range Urban Corridor. Msumba wa Grand Junction ndiwo uli na ŵanthu ŵanandi comene mu Colorado. Mu tawuni ya Carbonate mukaŵavya ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu tawuni iyi nyengo yose ya chaka, chifukwa nyengo ya chiwuvi yikaŵa yiheni chomene kweniso chikaŵa chakusuzga kufikako.
Unincorporated communities
Kuonjezera pa ma municipalities 272, Colorado ili ni malo 210 osagwirizana na chiwerengero cha ŵanthu (CDPs) na madera ghanyake ghadoko ghhadoko. Msumba uwo uli na ŵanthu ŵanandi comene mu Colorado ni wa Highlands Ranch kumwera kwa Denver. Malo ghakukhala ŵanthu ŵanandi ghakusangika mu chigaŵa cha Front Range Urban Corridor. Chigaŵa cha Clifton ndicho chili na ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene ku Colorado Western Slope.
Special districts
Ku Colorado kuli vigaŵa vyakupambanapambana vyakujumpha 4,000, ndipo vinandi mwa vigaŵa ivi vili na boma ilo likupeleka msonkho wa katundu. Vigaŵa ivi vingapeleka masukulu, kuvikilira malango, kuvikilira moto, maji, maji ghakunyang'amira, maji ghakunyang'amira, ulimi wa maji, vyakwendeskera, vyakusanguluska, vinthu vyakovwira pa umoyo wa ŵanthu, vinthu vyakovwira pa vya mitheto, kovwira bizinesi, kunozgaso vinthu vinyake, panji vinthu vinyake.
Vigaŵa vinyake vili na mazaza ghakukhomeska msonkho wa katundu uyo waguliskika, msonkho wa katundu uyo waguliskika, na msonkho wa kugwiliskira nchito nyumba. Ivi vyapangiska kuti mu Colorado muŵe msonkho wa katundu na msonkho wa katundu. Ku Colorado kuli misewu yinyake iyo yikupambana pa msonkho, ndipo nyengo zinyake yikupambana comene.
Vinyake mwa vigaŵa vyakuzirwa vya Colorado ni:
Statistical areas
Pa Malichi 6, 2020, Ofesi yakulaŵilira vya bajeti yikayowoya kuti ku Colorado kuli vigaŵa 21 ivyo vikusazgapo vigaŵa vinayi, vigaŵa vinkhondi na viŵiri vya mu msumba, na vigaŵa vinkhondi na viŵiri vya mu msumba.
Ku Colorado, malo ghakukhala ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene ni Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area, uko kuli ŵanthu 2,963,821 pa census ya ku United States ya mu 2020, ndipo kukwera na +15.29% kufuma pa census ya mu 2010.
Mzinda wa Denver-Aurora, CO, uwo uli na vigaŵa 12, ukaŵa na ŵanthu 3,623,560 pa census ya mu 2020, yikasazgikira na +17.23% kufuma pa census ya mu 2010.
Chigawo chachikulu cha anthu ambiri ku Rocky Mountain Region ndi 18-county Front Range Urban Corridor kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa mapiri a Southern Rocky. Chigaŵa ichi chili na Denver pakati ndipo ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu chigaŵa ichi ŵakaŵa 5,055,344 pa census ya mu 2020, ndipo chiŵelengero ichi chikasazgikira na +16.65% kufuma pa census ya mu 2010.
Chiwerengero cha ŵanthu
Ofesi ya United States Census Bureau yikati pa July 1, 2022 ŵanthu awo ŵakukhala mu Colorado ŵakaŵa 5,839,926, ndipo chiŵelengero ichi chikasazgikira na 1.15% kufuma pa census ya ku United States ya 2020..
[[File:Colorado counties by race.svg|thumb|Map of counties in Colorado by racial plurality, per the 2020 U.S. censusLegend
{{legend|#dd7e6b|40–50%}}
{{legend|#a61c00|60–70%}}
{{legend|#85200c|70–80%}}
{{legend|#5b0f00|80–90%}}
Hispanic or Latino
{{legend|#a2c4c9|40–50%}}
{{legend|#76a5af|50–60%}}]] Ŵanthu ŵakufuma ku Spain na ku Latin America (ŵanthu ŵa mtundu uliwose) ŵakukwana 20.7% mwa ŵanthu wose. Kuyana na census ya 2000, ŵanthu ŵanandi ku Colorado ni ŵa ku Germany (22%) kusazgapo ŵa ku Switzerland na Austria, Mexico (18%), Ireland (12%), na England (12%). Ŵanthu awo ŵakayowoyanga kuti mba ku Germany ŵakusangika comene mu vigaŵa vya Front Range, Rockies (vikaya vya kumanjiliro gha dazi), na Eastern parts/High Plains.
Mu Colorado muli ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Spain, ndipo ŵanandi mwa ŵanthu aŵa mba ku Mexico na America. Ŵanthu aŵa ŵakukhala mu Denver, Colorado Springs, Greeley, Pueblo, na mu vigaŵa vinyake. Kumwera, kumwera ca kumanjiliro gha dazi, na kumwera ca kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Colorado kuli ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Spain, awo mbana ŵa ŵanthu ŵakwambilira awo ŵakafuma ku Spain. Mu 1940, U.S. Census Bureau yikati ŵanthu ŵa ku Colorado ni 8.2% ŵa ku Spain na 90.3% ŵa ku Spain yayi. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Spain awo ŵakukhala mu Colorado ŵakusazgikira comene mu vilimika vyasonosono apa. Mu 2019, ŵanthu ŵa ku Spain ŵakakwana 22% ndipo ŵanthu ŵa ku Spain ŵakakwana 70%. Cingelezi ico ŵakuyowoya ku Colorado cikuyana comene na Cisipanishi.
Mu Colorado muli ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Africa na America awo ŵakukhala ku Denver, ku vigaŵa vya Montbello, Five Points, Whittier, na vigaŵa vinyake vya kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Denver. Boma ili lili na ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Asia awo mbakufuma ku Mongolia, China, Philippines, Korea, Southeast Asia, na Japan. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Asia ŵakukhala kumwera na kumafumiro gha dazi kwa msumba wa Denver, ndipo ŵanyake ŵakukhala kumwera-kumanjiliro gha dazi. Mzinda wa Denver ukuwoneka kuti uli na ŵanthu ŵanandi ndipo uli na ŵanthu ŵakupambanapambana kuluska mu vigaŵa vinyake vya boma la Denver pa nkhani ya ndyali na vinthu vinyake vyakukhwaskana na malo.
Mu 2006, ku Colorado kukababika ŵana 70,331. (Ŵana awo ŵakubabika ni 14.6 pa ŵanthu 1,000.) Mu 2007, ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵa ŵa ku Spain yayi ndiwo ŵakababanga ŵana ŵanandi chomene. Pa ŵana awo ŵakababika, 14.06% ŵakaŵa ŵazungu ndipo ŵanyake ŵakaŵa ŵa fuko linyake. Pa ŵana awo ŵakababika ku Colorado, 43 pa 100 ŵakaŵa ŵa ku Spain. Kuyana na census ya mu 2010, Colorado ndiyo yili na ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene ku United States. Virwa ivi ni New Mexico (46.3%), California (37.6%), Texas (37.6%), Arizona (29.6%), Nevada (26.5%) na Florida (22.5%). Kuyana na kalembera wa mu 2000, ŵanthu ŵa ku Spain ŵakakwana 918,899, panji kuti pafupifupi 20% ya ŵanthu wose ŵa mu boma ili. Ku Colorado ndiko kuli ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene ŵa ku Mexico, ndipo kuli ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene kuluska ku California, Texas, Arizona, na Illinois. Kuyana na ciŵelengero ca ŵanthu, Colorado ni cigaŵa ca nambara 6 pa vyaru ivyo vili na ŵanthu ŵa ku Mexico. Vinyake mwa vyaru ivi ni New Mexico, California, Texas, Arizona, na Nevada.
Birth data
Mu 2011, ŵanthu 46 pa ŵanthu 100 ŵa ku Colorado awo ŵakaŵa na vyaka viŵiri kukhilira pasi, ŵakaŵa ŵachoko. Ichi chikung'anamura kuti ŵapapi ŵawo wose ŵakaŵa ŵazungu.
Manyani kuti: Ŵana awo ŵali kubabika mu tebulo ili ŵakusazgikana yayi, chifukwa ŵanthu ŵa ku Spain ŵakusazgikana kuyana na fuko lawo kweniso mtundu wawo, ntheura unandi wawo ngukuru chomene.
Language
Ŵanthu ŵanandi ku Colorado ŵakuyowoya Cingelezi, ndipo kufuma apo ŵakuyowoya Cisipanishi. Chiyowoyero chinyake icho ŵanthu ŵa ku America ŵakuyowoya ku Colorado ni chiyowoyero cha ku Colorado River icho chikuyowoyeka na ŵanthu ŵa ku Numic, icho chikuchemekaso kuti chiyowoyero cha Ute.
Religion
Mu 2014, ŵanthu ŵa ku Colorado ŵakagomezganga visopa vyakupambanapambana. Pa visopa ivi, 64% ni Ŵakhristu, 44% ni Ŵaprotesitanti, 16% ni Ŵakatolika, 3% ni Ŵamormoni, ndipo 1% ni Ŵakatolika. Kuyana na kafukufuku wa Pew Research Center, visopa vinyake vikaŵa na Ŵayuda 1%, Ŵasilamu 1%, Ŵabuda 1%, na ŵanyake 4%. Ŵanthu 29 pa ŵanthu 100 ŵaliwose ŵakaŵavya cisopo. Mu 2020, kuyana na kafukufuku wa Public Religion Research Institute, Cikristu cikaŵa na ŵanthu 66%. Ŵayuda nawo ŵakasazgikirako mu kafukufuku uyu, ndipo ŵakakwana 2% mu visopa vyose, apo ŵanthu awo ŵakasopanga yayi ŵakakwana 28% mu kafukufuku uyu. Mu 2022, wupu uwu ukayowoya kuti ŵanthu 61 pa ŵanthu 100 ŵaliwose ŵakaŵa Ŵakhristu (39% ŵakaŵa Ŵaprotesitanti, 19% ŵakaŵa Ŵakatolika, 2% ŵakaŵa Ŵamormon, 1% ŵakaŵa ŵa Orthodox, 2% ŵakaŵa ŵa Cikhristu Ciphya, 1% ŵakaŵa Ŵayuda, 1% ŵakaŵa Ŵahindu, ndipo 34% ŵakaŵa ŵa visopa vinyake.
Kuyana na wupu wa Association of Religion Data Archives, visopa vikuruvikuru vya Cikhristu kuyana na unandi wa ŵanthu awo ŵakalondezganga visopa ivi mu 2010 ni Chalichi la Katolika ilo lili na ŵanthu 811,630; Chalichi la Evangelical Protestants ilo lili na ŵanthu 229,981; na Chalichi la Yesu Khristu la Ŵatuŵa ŵa mu Mazuŵa Ghaumaliro ilo lili na ŵanthu 151,433. Mu 2020, wupu wa Association of Religion Data Archives ukati visopa vikuruvikuru ni Ŵakatolika (873,236), Ŵaprotesitanti (406,798), na Ŵamormon (150,509). Pa ŵanthu wose awo ŵakaŵa Ŵakhristu yayi, pakaŵa Ŵahindu 12,500, Ŵahindu 7,101, na Ŵabuddha 17,369.
Mpingo wa Katolika wa Our Lady of Guadalupe ndiwo ukaŵa wakwamba kukhazikiskika ku Colorado ndipo ukazengeka na ŵanthu ŵa ku Spain kufuma ku New Mexico. Ŵakatolika ŵa Chalichi la Latin ŵakuteŵetereka na madiyosezi ghatatu: Archdiocese ya Denver na Diocese ya Colorado Springs na Pueblo.
Ŵanthu ŵakwambilira ŵa mpingo wa Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ku Colorado ŵakafuma ku Mississippi ndipo ŵakamba kukhala mu msasa mumphepete mwa Mlonga wa Arkansas kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Pueblo.
Health
Ŵasayansi awo ŵakuwona umo ŵanthu ŵakukhalira na ivyo ŵakuchita pa umoyo wawo, ŵakuti Colorado ni boma ilo lili na ŵanthu awo ŵali na umoyo uwemi. Vinyake mwa vinthu ivi ni ivyo boma ili likucita pa nkhani ya vyakusanguluska. Ndipouli, vinthu vikupambana pa nkhani ya umoyo wa ŵanthu, pakuti vyaru visambazi nga ni Douglas na Pitkin vikuchita makora chomene pakuyaniska na vyaru vya kumwera, vyambura usambazi nga ni Huerfano na Las Animas.
Life expectancy
Lipoti la mu magazini ya Journal of the American Medical Association likuti mu 2014, ŵanthu ŵa ku Colorado ŵakakhaliranga vyaka 80.21, ndipo ndiwo ŵakakhala vyaka vinandi ku United States.
Homelessness
Kuyana na lipoti la HUD la mu 2022, ku Colorado kuli ŵanthu ŵakukwana 10,397 awo ŵalije pakukhala.
Chuma
Mu 2015, ndalama zose izo boma likasanganga zikaŵa $318.6 biliyoni. Mu 2016, ndalama izo mbumba zikapokeranga pa caka zikakwana $70,666, ndipo zikaŵa pa nambala 8 mu caru cose. Mu 2010, ndalama izo munthu waliyose wakasanganga zikaŵanga $51,940, ndipo Colorado yikaŵa pa nambara 11 mu charu chose. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1800, ŵanthu ŵakamba kugwira nchito za ku migodi, ndipo ku umaliro wa vyaka vya m'ma 1800, ŵakamba kuliska viŵeto. Makampani ghakwambilira ghakapanganga vinthu vyakupambanapambana. Vyakurya ivyo vikulimika sono ni ng'ombe, tirigu, mkaka, tirigu, na utheka.
Boma likugwiliskira ntchito maofesi gha boma mu boma ili, kusazgapo NORAD (North American Aerospace Defense Command), United States Air Force Academy, Schriever Air Force Base iyo yili pa mtunda wa makilomita 16 kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Peterson Air Force Base, na Fort Carson, vyose vili mu Colorado Springs mu El Paso County; NOAA, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) mu Golden, na National Institute of Standards and Technology mu Boulder; U.S. Wupu wa Geological Survey na mawupu ghanyake gha boma pa Denver Federal Center pafupi na Lakewood; Denver Mint, Buckley Space Force Base, Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals, na Byron G. Rogers Federal Building na United States Courthouse ku Denver; na Federal Supermax Prison na majele ghanyake kufupi na Cañon City. Kuonjezera pa mabungwe ena, Colorado ili ndi nkhalango zambiri za National Forest ndi National Parks zinayi zomwe zimathandizira kuti boma likhale ndi malo okwana 24,615,788 acres (99,617 km2) ku Colorado, kapena 37% ya dera lonse la boma. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1900, makampani ghakurughakuru na gha uteŵeti ghakakura comene. Chuma cha boma ili nchakupambanapambana ndipo chikumanyikwa na kafukufuku wa sayansi na mafakitale gha tekinoloje yapachanya. Makampani ghanyake ghakupanga vyakurya, kugura vinthu vyakwendeskera katundu, kupanga makina, kupanga vinthu vya makemikolo, kupanga vinthu vyakupambanapambana nga ni golide, siliva, na molybdenum. Sono mu Colorado ndimo muli moŵa unandi comene kuluska mu vigaŵa vinyake. Denver ni msumba wakuzirwa comene pa nkhani ya ndalama.
Boma ili lili na malo ghakupambanapambana kweniso mapiri ghakutowa chomene ndipo chaka chilichose ŵanthu mamiliyoni ghanandi ŵakuluta ku malo agha. Ntchito ya zokopa alendo ikugwira ntchito yayikulu pa chuma cha Colorado, ndipo mu chaka cha 2018 ntchito ya zokopa alendo idapanga ndalama zokwana madola 22.3 biliyoni.
Mazina ghanandi ghakumanyikwa pa caru cose ghakafuma ku mafakitare na ma laboratory gha ku Colorado. Ku Denver ndiko kukafuma kampani yakupanga mafoni ya Qwest mu 1879, Samsonite mu 1910, Gates mu 1911, na Russell Stover mu 1923. Kuner wakambiska makina gha kunjilira vyakurya mu matumba mu Brighton mu 1864. Mu 1873, ku Golden kukafuma moŵa wa Coors, mu 1920 kukafuma vinthu vya ceramic vya CoorsTek, ndipo mu 1949 kukafuma candy wa Jolly Rancher. Mu 1892, mu tawuni ya Pueblo mukaŵa njanji ya CF&I iyo yikaŵa na matayala, misomali, na mapaipi. Mu 1905, ŵakamba kupanga shuga wa Holly kufuma ku beets mu tawuni ya Holly. Nkhumba ya Swift ya Greeley yikamba kufuma ku Monfort of Colorado, Inc., iyo yikamba mu 1930. Makamera gha mtundu wa Estes ghakaŵikika mu Penrose mu 1958. Ku Fort Collins ndiko kuli magalasi agho ghakugwiliskira nchito mawotchi gha kampani ya Woodward Governor kufuma waka mu 1870, ndipo ku Waterpik ndiko kuli magalasi agho ghakugwiliskira nchito mawotchi gha mawotchi gha mawotchi gha mawotchi gha mawotchi gha mawotchi gha mawotchi gha mawotchi gha mawotchi gha mawotchi gha mawotchi gha mawotchi kufuma waka mu 1962. Tiyi wa vyakumera wa Celestial Seasonings wakupangika mu tawuni ya Boulder kwambira mu 1969. Mulimo wa Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory ukayamba mu 1981 ku Durango.
Boma la Colorado likutolera msonkho wa ndalama wa 4.63 peresenti, nanga munthu wangaŵa na ndalama zinandi wuli. Pa Novembala 3, 2020, ŵanthu awo ŵakavota ŵakakolerana na fundo yakukhizga msonkho ku 4.55 peresenti. Mwakupambana na vyaru vinandi, ivyo vikupima msonkho mwakuyana na ndalama izo munthu wakusanga, msonkho wa ku Colorado ukuyana na ndalama izo munthu wakusanga para wapeleka ndalama ku boma. Boma la Colorado likutolera msonkho wa 2.9% pa vinthu ivyo ŵakuguliska. Para ndalama izo boma likupeleka zikuluska ivyo boma likuzomerezga, kuyana na malango gha boma la Colorado, awo ŵakukhala mu Colorado kwa chaka chose ŵangapempha kuti ŵaŵawombere msonkho wa ivyo ŵakaguliska. Maofesi ghanandi gha boma na matawuni ghakuŵa na mitengo yawo, padera pa mitengo ya boma. Kweniso pali msonkho unyake wapadera wa boma na wa chigaŵa uwo ungaŵapo.
Vinthu vyambura kukhazikika na katundu wa munthu wakucita bizinesi vikusangika na msonkho mu Colorado. Mu 2003, boma la Colorado likakanizga kuti ŵanthu ŵaleke kupeleka msonkho wa katundu wawo. Msonkho uwu ukeneranga kuperekekekekaso mu chaka cha 2006 ndipo ukeneranga kupelekeka mu 2007.
Kufika mu Disembala 2018, chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu ŵakusoŵa ntchito mu chigaŵa ichi chikaŵa pa 4.2%.
Ŵasambizgi ŵa ku West Virginia ŵakamba kucekura mu 2018 ndipo ŵasambizgi ŵa mu vigaŵa vinyake, kusazgapo Colorado, nawo ŵakamba kucekura.
Agriculture
Vyakurya ivyo vikulimika ku mapiri gha ku Colorado. Kuleka kukolerana na vyaru vinyake na njara vikakhwaska chomene vyakurya mu 2020 na 2022.
Natural resources
Ku Colorado kuli mafuta ghanandi. Ku Colorado kuli malo ghakukwana 7 ghakusungiramo gasi na mafuta ku United States, ndipo ku Colorado kuli malo ghaŵiri ghakusungiramo mafuta. Mu vyaru vinyake vya ku United States, mafuta agho ŵanthu ŵakupanga ghakukwana 5 peresenti pa chaka. Ku Colorado kuli mafuta ghakukwana matiriliyoni ghanandi (160 km3) gha mafuta, ndipo mafuta agha ghakukwana pafupifupi mafuta ghose agho ghalipo pa charu chapasi. Mu chigaŵa ichi muli magesi ghanandi gha malasha.
Ku Colorado, ŵanthu ŵakamba kugwira migodi ya uranium mu 1872, apo ŵakafumiskanga golide kufupi na Central City, Colorado. Ku Colorado ndiko kuli uranium iyo yikupangika na phosphate, ndipo yikukhala pa malo ghacitatu pa vyaru vyose vya ku U.S., kufuma pa Wyoming na New Mexico. Apo Colorado na Utah ghakaŵa na migodi ya radium kufuma mu 1910 mpaka 1922, uranium na vanadium ghakaŵa vinthu ivyo vikafumanga mu migodi iyi. Kufumira waka mu 2001 kufika mu 2007, mitengo ya uranium yikakwera comene, ndipo ivi vikapangiska kuti makampani ghanandi ghapange migodi ya uranium ku Colorado. Mu ma 1940, ŵanthu ŵanyake, kusazgapo Naturita na Paradox, ŵakamba kucemeka kuti "mizinda ya yellowcake" cifukwa ca kugwilira nchito mu migodi ya uranium. Pakuti mitengo yikakhira comene, ndipo mu 2008 vinthu vikasuzga pa nkhani ya ndalama, makampani agha ghakaleka kuzenga migodi ya uranium panji kuchepeskako vinthu vinyake. Mu chaka cha 2016, pakaŵavya migodi yikuru ya uranium mu boma ili, nangauli kukaŵanga mapulani ghakuti ŵambeso kupanga migodi iyi.
Electricity generation
Ku Colorado, mapiri ghatali gha Rocky Mountains na mapiri ghakumafumiro gha dazi ghakupanga nkhongono ya mphepo, ndipo malo gha mapiri ghakupanga nkhongono ya magesi. Mu chigaŵa ichi mukuŵa zuŵa, ntheura mungaŵa magesi ghanandi. Mlonga ukuru uwo ukufuma mu Mapiri gha Rocky ndiwo ukupangiska kuti maji ghaŵe na nkhongono.
Arts and film
Mu Colorado ndimo ŵakacitiranga mafilimu ghanandi, nga ni True Grit, The Searchers, na Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid. Viliŵa vya nkhondo, njanji, na matawuni ghakupambanapambana agho ghakazengekaso kuti viŵe vyakwenelera mu nyengo yakale, vikusangika mu mafilimu ghanandi. Paliso misewu yinandi yakutowa iyo yikawovwiranga kuti mu mafilimu gha nga ni Vanishing Point, Bingo na Starman muwonekenge misewu iyi. Vinthu vinyake vya ku Colorado vyazunulika mu mafilimu nga ni The Stanley Hotel mu filimu ya Dumb and Dumber na The Shining and the Sculptured House mu filimu ya Sleeper. Mu 2015, Furious 7 yikeneranga kujambulika pa msewu wa Pikes Peak Highway ku Colorado. Nkhani za pa TV za ŵanthu ŵalara zikucitika mu tawuni ya Colorado. Kweniso, The TV series Good Luck Charlie yikacitikira ku Denver, Colorado, kweni yikajambulika yayi. Ofesi yakulaŵilira mafilimu na TV ya ku Colorado yikayowoya kuti mafilimu ghakujumpha 400 ghajambulika ku Colorado.
Pali viphikiro vinandi vya mafilimu ku Colorado, nga ni Aspen Shortsfest, Boulder International Film Festival, Castle Rock Film Festival, Denver Film Festival, Festivus Film Festival, Mile High Horror Film Festival, Moondance International Film Festival, Mountainfilm ku Telluride, Rocky Mountain Women's Film Festival, na Telluride Film Festival.
Ŵanandi awo ŵakalembanga mabuku ŵakakhalanga ku Colorado. Jack Kerouac na Neal Cassady, awo ŵakalembako mabuku gha mdauko wa Beat Generation, ŵakakhala mu Denver na mu vikaya vyapafupi na msumba uwu kwa vilimika vinandi. Mulembi wa maseŵero wa ku Ireland, Oscar Wilde, wakati waluta ku Colorado mu 1882, wakalemba mu buku lake lakuti Impressions of America kuti Leadville "ukaŵa msumba usambazi comene pa caru cose. Kweniso ŵakumanyikwa kuti mbanthu ŵankhaza comene, ndipo munthu waliyose wali na futi".
Cuisine
Charu cha Colorado chikumanyikwa na vyakurya vya ku Southwest na Rocky Mountain, ndipo ku chigaŵa chose kuli malo ghakurya gha ku Mexico.
Mu 2010, tawuni ya Boulder ndiyo yikaŵa na vyakurya vinandi kuluska tawuni zose mu America. Mu tawuni ya Boulder muli makampani ghanandi gha vyakurya na vyakumwa, malo ghakurya ghawemi chomene, kweniso misika ya ŵalimi. Kweniso mu tawuni ya Boulder muli ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene awo ŵakutemwa kuphika vyakurya vyakupambanapambana kuluska mu tawuni yinyake yiliyose, kusazgapo San Francisco na New York. Denver wakumanyikwa cifukwa ca kurya nyama ya viŵeto, kweni sono wali na malo ghanandi ghakulyeramo.
Polidori Sausage ni mtundu wa nyama ya nkhumba iyo yikusangika mu masupamaketi, iyo yikamba ku Colorado, kuuyambiro wa vyaka vya m'ma 1900.
Chaka chilichose mu mwezi wa Juni, ku Aspen kukaŵanga chiphikiro cha Food & Wine Classic. Aspen wakumanyikwaso kuti ni msumba ukuru wa vyakurya vya ku Rocky Mountain.
Wine and beer
Vinyo wa ku Colorado wali na mitundu yakupambana-pambana iyo yikukondweska ŵanthu ŵa ku vyaru vinyake. Vinyo wa ku Colorado wakupangika kufuma ku mpheska za Vitis vinifera na vinyo la cherry, peach, plum, na uchi. Vinyo wa ku Colorado walumbika comene mu caru cose na mu vyaru vinyake cifukwa ca makhaliro ghake ghawemi. Ku Colorado ndiko kuli minda ya mpheska iyo yili pachanya pa mtunda wose mu United States. Nyengo ya ku mapiri iyi yikupangiska kuti mu cihanya kuŵe kwakuthukira ndiposo kuti usiku kuŵe kwakuzizima. Ku Colorado kuli vigaŵa viŵiri ivyo vikuchemeka kuti American Viticultural Areas. Vigaŵa ivi ni Grand Valley AVA na West Elks AVA. Ndipouli, malo ghanandi ghakupangira vinyo ghakusangika ku Front Range. Mu chaka cha 2018, magazini ya Wine Enthusiast yikati malo gha Grand Valley AVA ku Mesa County, Colorado, ndigho ghakaŵa pa malo 10 agho ŵanthu ŵakutemwa kuluta kukamwa vinyo.
Ku Colorado kuli malo ghanandi ghakupangira moŵa, nga ni New Belgium Brewing Company, Odell Brewing Company, Great Divide Brewing Company, na Bristol Brewing Company. Cigaŵa ca kumpoto kwa Colorado ico cili pafupi na pakati pa misumba ya Denver, Boulder, na Fort Collins cikucemeka kuti "Dambo la Mowa la Napa" cifukwa ca umo muli malo ghanandi ghakupangira mowa.
Marijuana and hemp
Boma la Colorado likuzomerezga kuti ŵanthu ŵambenge kwenda na chamba. Mu 2012, boma la Colorado likamba kuzomerezga chamba kuti chiŵe munkhwala (2000), mu mafakitale (kuyowoya za hemp, 2012), na mu vyakusanguluska (2012). Mu 2016, ku Colorado kukaŵa chamba chakukwana madola 1.31 biliyoni, ndipo mu vyaka vitatu vyakwambilira vya 2017, chamba ichi chikaŵa chakukwana madola 1.26 biliyoni. Mu 2016, boma likapeleka ndalama zakukwana madola 194 miliyoni ku boma pa nkhani ya msonkho, malipiro, na malaisensi gha kuguliska chamba. Boma la Colorado likukanizga kugwiliskira nchito mbuto yiliyose iyo yili na THC yambura kujumpha 0.3%.
Pa 4 April, 2014, Senate Bill 14 ⁇ 184 addressing oversight of Colorado's industrial hemp program was first introduced, ultimately being signed into law by Governor John Hickenlooper on May 31, 2014.
Medicinal use
Pa Novembala 7, 2000, 54 peresenti ya ŵanthu awo ŵakavota ku Colorado ŵakakolerana na fundo ya 20 iyo yikasintha dango la boma la Colorado na kuzomerezga kugwiliskira nchito munkhwala wa chamba. Para mulwari wakugwiliskira nchito munkhwala wa chamba, pali vifukwa vyakulondezgapo: Pasono, boma la Colorado lili kulemba "malwara 8 agho ŵalwari ŵangachizgika na munkhwala wa chamba: kansa, glaucoma, HIV/AIDS, kupwetekeka kwa misipa, kupwetekeka kwa mtima, vyakuŵinya vikuru, kusuzgika comene mu thupi, kuchepa thupi, na kusuzgika kwa misipa". Apo wakaŵa kazembe, John Hickenlooper wakapeleka hafu ya ndalama zakukwana $13 miliyoni za boma za "Medical Marijuana Program Cash Fund" ku kafukufuku wa vyaumoyo mu bajeti ya 2014. Mu 2018, Medical Marijuana Program Cash Fund yikaŵa "ndalama zinandi chomene mu boma" ndipo yikagwiliskirika nchito kuti yipwelelere mapulogiramu nga ni kafukufuku wakukhwaskana na umo ŵangawovwilira ŵana awo ŵali na suzgo la autism.
Recreational use
Pa Novembala 6, 2012, ŵanthu awo ŵakavota ŵakasintha dango la boma kuti livikilire ŵanthu ŵalara awo ŵakugwiliskira ntchito chomene chamba. Malo ghakuguliskirapo chamba ghakwamba ku Colorado, kweniso ku United States, ghakajulika pa Janyuwale 1, 2014.
Sports
Ku Colorado kuli vipani vikuruvikuru vinkhondi vya maseŵero, ndipo vyose vili mu msumba wa Denver. Boma la Colorado ndilo lili na ŵanthu ŵacoko comene kuluska maboma ghanyake ghose agho ghali na magulu gha maseŵero ghakurughakuru.
Gulu la baseball la Colorado Springs Snow Sox likukhala ku Colorado Springs. Timu iyi ni membala wa Pecos League, mphala ya baseball yambura kukolerana na Major panji Minor League Baseball.
Pikes Peak International Hill Climb ni mpikisano wa magalimoto uwo ukuchitikira pa Pikes Peak Highway.
Ku Cherry Hills Country Club kukachitikanga maseŵero ghakupambanapambana gha gofu, kusazgapo maseŵero gha U.S. Ku U.S. Ku U.S. Ŵanakazi ŵakugaŵana maseŵero ghakupambanapambana, PGA Championship na BMW Championship.
College athletics
Mayunivesite ndi makoleji otsatirawa amatenga nawo mbali mu National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I. Gulu la maseŵero ilo likutchuka comene ku koleji ni la University of Colorado Buffaloes, ilo kale likacitanga maseŵero gha Big-12 kweni sono likucitako maseŵero gha Pac-12. Ŵakawina nkhombo ya Orange Bowl mu 1957 na 1991, Fiesta Bowl mu 1995, na Cotton Bowl Classic mu 1996.
Mayendelo
Ku Colorado, misewu ndiyo yikuru pa misewu yose iyo yikwenda. Msewu wa Interstate 25 (I-25) ni msewu ukuru uwo ukufuma kumpoto kuya kumwera mu chigaŵa ichi, ndipo ukugumaniska Pueblo, Colorado Springs, Denver, na Fort Collins, ndipo ukufika kumpoto kwa Wyoming na kumwera kwa New Mexico. I-70 ni nthowa yikuru ya kumafumiro gha dazi na kumanjiliro gha dazi. Msewu uwu ukusazga Grand Junction na mapiri gha ku Colorado na Denver ndipo ukunjira mu chigaŵa cha Utah na Kansas. Mu chigaŵa ichi muli misewu yinandi iyo yikuluta ku vigaŵa vikuruvikuru vya chigaŵa ichi. Misumba yinandi yichokoyichoko yikukolerana na misewu iyi kwizira mu misewu ya boma pera.
Denver International Airport (DIA) ni chiŵanja chachitatu pa viŵanja vya ndege ku United States na vyaru vinyake pa charu chose. Ndege za ku United States zikudutsa m'dera la Colorado ndipo zili pakati pa mzinda wa Chicago na Pacific Coast. Lekani kuti Denver ndiyo yili na ŵanthu ŵanandi ku chigaŵa ichi.
Mabasi ghanyengo zose ghakwenda mu misumba na mu vigaŵa vinyake, kusazgapo maofesi gha RTD mu Denver. Bungwe la Regional Transportation District (RTD) likugwira ntchito ya RTD Bus & Rail transit system ku Denver Metropolitan Area. Kufika mu Janyuwale 2013, sitima ya RTD yikaŵa na magalimoto 170 agho ghakendanga pa mtunda wa makilomita 76. Kuonjezera pa mabasi, mabasi ena amagwira ntchito ku Burlington Trailways, Bustang, Express Arrow, ndi Greyhound Lines.
Amtrak wakwendeska njanji ziŵiri mu Colorado, California Zephyr na Southwest Chief. Colorado ndiyo yikamba kuŵa na njanji ya Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad mu 1870. Mu 1988, "Rio Grande" yikagulika, kweni yikasazgikana na njanji ya Southern Pacific Railroad na mwenecho wa njanji iyi, Philip Anschutz. Pa Seputembala 11, 1996, Anschutz wakaguliska kampani iyi ku kampani ya Union Pacific Railroad, ndipo yikaŵa njanji yikuru chomene mu United States. Anschutz wakaguliskika cifukwa ca kusangana kwa Burlington Northern na Santa Fe, ivyo vikapangiska kuti paŵe Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway (BNSF), iyo yikaŵa mpikisano wa Union Pacific. Wose ŵaŵiri ŵa Union Pacific na ŵa BNSF ŵali na katundu mu Colorado.
Msewu wa sitima ya pa mtunda wa makilomita 2,688 uwo uli ku Colorado, uli na njanji ya Kilasi I. Cigaŵa ici nchakukhumbikwa comene pa usambazi wa caru ca U.S., cifukwa ni nthowa yikuru comene yakwendeskera katundu wa magesi, ulimi, migodi, na vyamalonda. Cigaŵa ici cikusazgirako katundu na katundu wakupangika pakati pa vyaru vya ku East na Midwest na vyaru vya ku Pacific.
Masambilo
Sukulu yakwamba ya masambiro ghapacanya mu Colorado yikaŵa Colorado Seminary, iyo yikajulika pa November 16, 1864, na Methodist Episcopal Church. Mu 1867 seminare iyi yikajalika, kweni mu 1880 yikambaso kugwira nchito nga ni yunivesite ya Denver. Mu 1870, Bishop George Maxwell Randall wa Episcopal Church's Missionary District of Colorado and Parts Adjacent wakajura sukulu yakwamba ya Colorado University Schools iyo yikaŵa na Territorial School of Mines iyo yikajulika mu 1873 na kuguliskika ku Colorado Territory mu 1874. Sukulu izi pakwamba zikacitikanga na chalichi la Episcopal. Mu 1861, boma likazomerezga kuti ku Boulder kukhazikike yunivesite ya boma, kweni mu 1876 pera ndipo ŵakambiska Yunivesite ya Colorado. Mu 1876, sukulu iyi yikachemekaso kuti Colorado School of Mines. Mu 1870, boma likapanga sukulu ya Agricultural College of Colorado, iyo yikajulika mu 1879. Kholeji iyi yikapika zina lakuti Colorado State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts mu 1935, ndipo yikazgoka Colorado State University mu 1957.
Koleji yakwamba ya Katolika mu Colorado yikaŵa Jesuit Sacred Heart College, iyo yikapangika ku New Mexico mu 1877, yikasamukira ku Morrison mu 1884, na ku Denver mu 1887. Kholeji iyi yikapika zina lakuti Regis College mu 1921 ndipo mu 1991 yikapika zina lakuti Regis University. Pa Epulero 1, 1924, ŵana ŵa sukulu ŵankhondo ŵakendanga mu sukulu iyi apo ŵakasanga mphinjika yikugolera moto, ndipo ivi vikapangiska kuti paŵe mphindano yikuru pakati pa Regis College na gulu la Ku Klux Klan.
Mu 1950, Komiti ya Sukulu ya Uteŵeti yikati yawona kuti pakukhumbikwira kusazgirako buku la U.S. Sukulu ya usilikali na ya nkhondo ya pa maji yikaŵa na sukulu yachitatu iyo yikalongozganga ŵasilikari ŵa nkhondo ya pa maji. Pa Epulero 1, 1954, Pulezidenti Dwight Eisenhower wakasazga dango lakuti boma la U.S. Sukulu ya Ŵasilikari ŵa pa Mlengalenga. Kuumaliro wa cilimika ici, msumba wa Colorado Springs ndiwo ukasankhika kuti uŵe cigaŵa ca maofesi ghaphya agha. Kufumira apo yikakhazikiskikira mu 1955, mpaka apo yikamalizgira kuzenga malo ghakwenelera ku Colorado Springs ndipo yikamba kugwira nchito mu 1958, sukulu iyi yikaŵa ku Lowry Air Force Base ku Denver. Ŵakati ŵajura sukulu ya Colorado Springs, ŵana ŵa sukulu ŵakasamira ku sukulu yiphya, nangauli ŵakaŵa na vyakuvwara vyose yayi nga umo ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakuyowoyera. Gulu lakwamba la maofesala gha Space Force kufuma ku Air Force Academy likamba kugwira nchito pa 18 April, 2020.
Vinthu vya nkhondo
Vinthu vikuru-vikuru vya nkhondo mu Colorado ni ivi: Ŵasilikari ŵakale ku Colorado ni aŵa:
State government
Nga ni umo viliri na boma la United States, dango la boma la Colorado likulongora kuti pali magulu ghatatu gha boma: wupu wa malango, wupu wakulongozga, na wupu wa ŵeruzgi.
Khoti Likuru Chomene la Colorado ilo lili na ŵeruzgi ŵankhondi na ŵaŵiri, ndilo ni khoti likuru chomene mu charu ichi. Khoti la Apilu la ku Colorado, ilo lili na ŵeruzgi 22, likukhala mu magulu gha ŵeruzgi ŵatatu. Boma la Colorado lili na vigaŵa 22, ndipo chigaŵa chilichose chili na khoti la chigaŵa na khoti la chigaŵa. Boma ili lili na makhoti ghapadera agho ghakulaŵilira nkhani za maji. Makhoti agha ghali mu vigaŵa vinkhondi na viŵiri ndipo ghakupanga malango ghakukhwaskana na wanangwa wa ŵanthu pa nkhani ya maji.
Wupu wa malango wa boma ni Colorado General Assembly, uwo uli na nyumba ziŵiri, nyumba ya ŵimiliri na nyumba ya Senate. Nyumba ya malango yili na mamembara 65, ndipo ya Senate yili na mamembara 35. Kuzakafika mu chaka cha 2021, chipani cha Democratic Party chili na mavoti 20 ku 15 mu Senate ndipo 41 ku 24 mu Nyumba ya Malamulo.
Anthu ambiri a ku Colorado amachokera ku mayiko ena (pafupifupi 60% malinga ndi chiwerengero cha 2000), ndipo izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi mfundo yakuti boma silinakhale ndi kazembe wobadwira kuchokera ku 1975 (pamene John David Vanderhoof adachoka ku ofesi) mpaka 2007, pamene Bill Ritter adayamba kugwira ntchito; chisankho chake chaka chathachi chinali chigonjetso choyamba cha chisankho cha Colorado wobadwira ku Colorado mu mpikisano wa kazembe kuyambira 1958 (Vanderhoof adachokera ku Lieutenant Governorship pamene John Arthur Love adapatsidwa udindo mu boma la Richard Nixon mu 1973).
Politics
Mu ndyali za pulezidenti, Colorado yikawonekanga nga ni boma la Republican panyengo ya Nkhondo Yaciŵiri ya Caru Cose, ndipo yikavotera Democratic mu 1948, 1964, na 1992. Ndipouli, mu ma 1990, caru ici cikamba kutemwana comene. Kufumira pakatikati pa ma 2000s, yaluta ku ma Democrats, kuvotera Barack Obama mu 2008 na 2012, Hillary Clinton mu 2016, na Joe Biden mu 2020.
Vinthu vya ndyali vya ku Colorado vikupambana comene na misumba ya ŵanthu ŵakutchintha nga ni Colorado Springs na Grand Junction na misumba ya ŵanthu ŵakutchintha nga ni Boulder na Denver. Ŵademocrats ŵali na nkhongono comene mu Denver, mu matawuni gha ku koleji gha Fort Collins na Boulder, kumwera kwa Colorado (kusazgapo Pueblo), ndiposo mu vigaŵa vinandi vya kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Colorado. Ŵa Republican ŵali na nkhongono chomene ku Eastern Plains, Colorado Springs, Greeley, na kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Colorado kufupi na Grand Junction.
Boma la Colorado lili na ŵanthu ŵaŵiri ŵa United States Senators: Colorado is represented by eight Representatives to the United States House of Representatives:
Mu kafukufuku wa mu 2020, Colorado yikaŵa pa malo gha 7 pa vyaru ivyo ŵanthu ŵakaŵanga na mwaŵi wa kuvota.
Significant initiatives and legislation enacted in Colorado
Mu 1881, ŵanthu ŵa ku Colorado ŵakazomerezga fundo yakuti msumba wa Denver uŵe msumba ukuru wa boma.
Boma la Colorado ndilo likaŵa lakwamba kukhazikiska dango lakuti ŵanakazi nawo ŵaŵenge na wanangwa wa kuvota. Pa Novembala 7, 1893, ŵanthu ŵa mu chigaŵa ichi ŵakazomerezga fundo iyi.
Pa Novembala 8, 1932, boma la Colorado likazomerezga kuti ŵakanizgenge kumwa moŵa.
Boma la Colorado likakanizga kuguliska magalimoto pa Sabata kwambira waka mu 1953.
Mu 1972, ŵanthu ŵa ku Colorado ŵakakana fundo yakuti ŵapeleke ndalama zakucitira maseŵero gha Olimpiki gha mu nyengo ya ciwuvi mu 1976, agho ghakacitikiranga mu caru ici. Pa Meyi 12, 1970, Komiti ya International Olympic Committee yikasankha msumba wa Denver kuti uŵe uko kukacitikiranga maseŵero gha Olimpiki.
Mu 1992, ŵanthu ŵa ku Colorado ŵakakolerana na dango la boma lakuti mu msumba uliwose panji mu chigaŵa chilichose ŵaleke kuzomerezga kuti ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi awo ŵakugonana ŵekhaŵekha panji ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi awo ŵakugonana na ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi awo ŵakugonana na ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha panji ŵanakazi awo ŵakugonana na ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha ŵaŵe mu gulu la ŵanthu awo ŵakuvikilirika. Mu 1996, mu chigamulo cha 6 ⁇ 3 mu Romer v. Evans, wa ku United States Khoti Likuru Chomene likawona kuti kukanizga ŵanthu kuti ŵaleke kutemwana chifukwa cha kugonana kwa ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi pera kukakolerananga yayi na fundo ya Equal Protection Clause.
Mu 2006, ŵanthu ŵakazomerezga dango la 43 ilo likakanizganga ŵanthu ŵaviŵaro vyakuyana kutorana mu Colorado. Kweni boma la U.S. likakana. Ivyo Khoti Likuru Chomene likadumura mu 2015 pa mulandu wa Obergefell v. Hodges.
Mu 2012, ŵanthu awo ŵakavota ŵakasintha dango la boma la boma ili kuti ŵanthu ŵalara ŵagwiliskirenge ntchito munkhwala wa chamba paŵekha, ndipo likapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵagwiliskirenge ntchito munkhwala wa chamba nga ni moŵa. Malo ghakuguliskirako vyamba ku Colorado, na ku United States, ghakajulika pa Janyuwale 1, 2014.
Pa 29 May, 2019, Kazembe Jared Polis wakasaina House Bill 1124 iyo yikukanizga ŵapolisi ku Colorado kuti ŵaleke kukora ŵanthu awo ŵalije vikalata vyakwendera mu charu ichi chifukwa cha pempho la U.S. Ofesi ya Immigration na Customs Enforcement.
Malo gha Ŵamwenye ŵa ku America
Vipani viŵiri ivyo vikaŵa ku Colorado ni ivi: Malo ghaŵiri agho kukaŵavya ŵanthu ŵa ku India mu Colorado ni agha:
Malo ghakutetezeka
Mu Colorado muli vigaŵa 23 vya National Park System:
Tampico
Tampico ni msumba wakumanyikwa uwo ukusangika mu charu cha Mexico.
Karonga,Dowa
Karonga ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa,chigaŵa cha Pakati,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Iajuddin Ahmed
Iajuddin Ahmed (1931–2012)  wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bangladesh kufuma 6 September 2002	 mpaka 12 February 2009.
Jrarbi
Jrarbi ni muzi mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Armavir, mu charu cha Armenia.
Murang'a County, Kenya
Murang'a County, Kenya ni boma ilo likusangika mu charu cha Kenya mukati mwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Pachuca
Pachuca ni msumba wakumanyikwa uwo ukusangika mu charu cha Mexico.
Katalima, Dowa
Katalima ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa, chigaŵa cha Pakati, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Nevada
Nevada ni nthavwa (state) iyo ikusangika mu charu cha United States of America.Ndipo msumba ukulu wa boma wa nthavwa ili ni Carson City
Abdul Hamid
Abdul Hamid (kubabika 1944) ni prezidenti wa chalo cha Bangladesh kufuma 24 April 2013	 mpaka 24 April 2018.
Los Mochis
Los Mochis ni msumba wakumanyikwa uwo ukusangika mu charu cha Mexico.
Sukarno
Sukarno zina lakubabikila : Koesno Sosrodihardjo, Javanese: [kʊsnɔ]; 6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Indonesia kufuma 18 August 1945	 mpaka 12 March 1967.
New Hampshire
New Hampshire ni nthavwa (state) iyo ikusangika mu charu cha United States of America.Ndipo msumba ukulu wa boma wa nthavwa ili ni Concord
Kawangwi, Dowa
Kawangwi ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa, chigaŵa cha Pakati, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Kiambu County, Kenya
Kiambu County, Kenya ni boma ilo likusangika mu charu cha Kenya mukati mwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Vancouver
Vancouver (/vænˈkuːvər/ van-KOO-vər) ni tauni ikulu iyo yili ku manjililo gha dazi gha chalo cha Canada,chigawa cha British Columbia.
Suharto
Suharto (1921–2008)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Indonesia kufuma 27 March 1968	 mpaka 21 May 1998.
Uruapan
Uruapan ni msumba wakumanyikwa uwo ukusangika mu charu cha Mexico.
Tapachula
Tapachula ni msumba wakumanyikwa uwo ukusangika mu charu cha Mexico.
Abdurrahman Wahid
Abdurrahman Wahid (1940–2009)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Indonesia kufuma 20 October 1999	 mpaka 23 July 2001.
New Doornfontein
New Doornfontein ni ni msumba udoko mu msumba ukulu wa Johannesburg (Chigaŵa F), mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa, ku mmwela kwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Khoronk
Khoronk ni muzi mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Armavir, mu charu cha Armenia.
Ohio
Ohio ni nthavwa (state) iyo ikusangika mu charu cha United States of America.Ndipo msumba ukulu wa boma wa nthavwa ili ni Columbus
Turkana County, Kenya
Turkana County, Kenya ni boma ilo likusangika mu charu cha Kenya mukati mwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Megawati Sukarnoputri
Megawati Sukarnoputri (kubabika  1947)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Indonesia kufuma 23 July 2001	 mpaka 20 October 2004.
Kawale, Dowa
Kawale ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa, chigaŵa cha Pakati, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (kubabika 1949)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha \|Indonesia kufuma 20 October 2004	 mpaka 20 October 2014.
Minatitlán
Minatitlán ni msumba wakumanyikwa uwo ukusangika mu charu cha Mexico.
Oklahoma
Oklahoma ni nthavwa (state) iyo ikusangika mu charu cha United States of America.Ndipo msumba ukulu wa boma wa nthavwa ili ni Oklahoma City
Lindberg Park
Lindberg Park ni ni msumba udoko mu msumba ukulu wa Johannesburg (Chigaŵa F), mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa, ku mmwela kwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Antonio José de Sucre
Antonio José de Sucre(1795–1830)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bolivia kufuma  29 December 1825 mpaka 25 May 1826.
Villa de Álvarez
Villa de Álvarez ni msumba wakumanyikwa uwo ukusangika mu charu cha Mexico.
Simón Bolívar
Simón Bolívar (1783–1830)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bolivia kufuma  12 August 1825–29 December 1825.
Joko Widodo
Joko Widodo (kubabika 1961)  ni prezidenti wa chalo cha Indonesia kufuma 20 October 2014.
Colima (msumba)
Colima (msumba) ni msumba wakumanyikwa uwo ukusangika mu charu cha Mexico.
Wote County, Kenya
Wote County, Kenya ni boma ilo likusangika mu charu cha Kenya mukati mwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Kawere, Dowa
Kawere ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa, chigaŵa cha Pakati, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Kongwe, Dowa
Kongwe ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa, chigaŵa cha Pakati, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
José María Pérez de Urdininea
José María Pérez de Urdininea (1784–1865)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bolivia kufuma  12 August 1828,aposo wakathula udindo.
José Miguel de Velasco
José Miguel de Velasco (1795–1859)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bolivia kufuma  22 February 1839 mpaka 10 June 1841.
Mariano Enrique Calvo
Mariano Enrique Calvo (1782–1842)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bolivia kufuma  9 July 1841 mpaka 22 September 1841.
Uasin Gishu County, Kenya
Uasin Gishu County, Kenya ni boma ilo likusangika mu charu cha Kenya mukati mwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Sebastián Ágreda
Sebastián Ágreda (1795–1875)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bolivia kufuma  10 June 1841 mpaka 9 July 1841.
Piedras Negras
Piedras Negras ni msumba wakumanyikwa uwo ukusangika mu charu cha Mexico.
Longwe, Dowa
Longwe ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa, chigaŵa cha Pakati, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Samburu County, Kenya
Samburu County, Kenya ni boma ilo likusangika mu charu cha Kenya mukati mwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Metsamor (village)
Metsamor (village) ni muzi mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Armavir, mu charu cha Armenia.
Evans Park
Evans Park ni ni msumba udoko mu msumba ukulu wa Johannesburg (Chigaŵa F), mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa, ku mmwela kwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Andrés de Santa Cruz
Andrés de Santa Cruz (1792–1865)  wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bolivia kufuma   24 May 1829 mpaka 17 February 1839.
Ciudad Madero
Ciudad Madero ni msumba wakumanyikwa uwo ukusangika mu charu cha Mexico.
Makueni County, Kenya
Makueni County, Kenya ni boma ilo likusangika mu charu cha Kenya mukati mwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Pedro Blanco Soto
Pedro Blanco Soto (1795–1829)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bolivia kufuma  26 December 1828 mpaka 1 January 1829.
Araks, Armavir
Araks, Armavir ni muzi mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Armavir, mu charu cha Armenia.
Elgeyo-Marakwet County, Kenya
Elgeyo-Marakwet County, Kenya ni boma ilo likusangika mu charu cha Kenya mukati mwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Liefde en Vrede
Liefde en Vrede ni ni msumba udoko mu msumba ukulu wa Johannesburg (Chigaŵa F), mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa, ku mmwela kwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Manthimba, Dowa
Manthimba ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa, chigaŵa cha Pakati, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Manuel Isidoro Belzu
Manuel Isidoro Belzu (1802–1865)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bolivia kufuma  6 December 1848 mpaka 15 August 1855.
Buenavista
Buenavista ni msumba wakumanyikwa uwo ukusangika mu charu cha Mexico.
Eusebio Guilarte
Eusebio Guilarte (1805–1849)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bolivia kufuma  23 December 1847 mpaka 2 January 1848.
Mafosha, Dowa
Mafosha ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa, chigaŵa cha Pakati, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Jorge Córdova
Jorge Córdova (1822–1861)  wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bolivia kufuma  5 August 1855 mpaka 9 September 1857.
Longwani, Dowa
Longwani ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa, chigaŵa cha Pakati, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
José María Linares
José María Linares (1808–1861)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bolivia kufuma  9 September 1857 mpaka 14 January 1861.
Coatzacoalcos
Coatzacoalcos ni msumba wakumanyikwa uwo ukusangika mu charu cha Mexico.
Ciudad Victoria
Ciudad Victoria ni msumba wakumanyikwa uwo ukusangika mu charu cha Mexico.
Mariano Melgarejo
Mariano Melgarejo (1820–1871)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bolivia kufuma  28 December 1864 mpaka 1 October 1868.
Nandi County, Kenya
Nandi County, Kenya ni boma ilo likusangika mu charu cha Kenya mukati mwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Aygevan
Aygevan ni muzi mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Armavir, mu charu cha Armenia.
General Escobedo
General Escobedo ni msumba wakumanyikwa uwo ukusangika mu charu cha Mexico.
José María de Achá
José María de Achá (1810–1868)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bolivia kufuma  4 May 1861 mpaka 28 December 1864.
Tomás Frías
Tomás Frías (1804–1884)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bolivia kufuma  28 November 1872 mpaka 9 May 1873.
Madisi, Dowa
Madisi ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa, chigaŵa cha Pakati, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Thomas Lincoln
Thomas Lincoln (January 6, 1778 – January 17, 1851) wakawa mlimi,wakukhomaa vijalo na mipando, wakufumila ku Amerika ,uyoso wakawa dada wa prezidenti wa nambala 16 wa chalo cha USA ,Abraham Lincoln.
Mdika, Dowa
Mdika ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa, chigaŵa cha Pakati, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Mlengwe, Dowa
Mlengwe ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa, chigaŵa cha Pakati, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Agustín Morales
Agustín Morales (1808–1872)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bolivia kufuma  15 January 1871 mpaka 27 November 1872.
Mauni, Dowa
Mauni ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa, chigaŵa cha Pakati, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Mbalame, Dowa
Mbalame ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa, chigaŵa cha Pakati, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Irapuato
Irapuato ni msumba wakumanyikwa uwo ukusangika mu charu cha Mexico.
Oregon
Oregon ni nthavwa (state) iyo ikusangika mu charu cha United States of America.Ndipo msumba ukulu wa boma wa nthavwa ili ni Salem
Mkwichi, Dowa
Mkwichi ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa, chigaŵa cha Pakati, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Jiutepec
Jiutepec ni msumba wakumanyikwa uwo ukusangika mu charu cha Mexico.
Adolfo Ballivián
Adolfo Ballivián (1831–1874)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bolivia kufuma  9 May 1873 mpaka 14 February 1874.
Hilarión Daza
Hilarión Daza (1840–1894)  wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bolivia kufuma  4 May 1876 mpaka 28 December 1879.
Mkanga, Dowa
Mkanga ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa,chigaŵa cha Pakati,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Hatsik, Armavir
Hatsik, Armavir ni muzi mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Armavir, mu charu cha Armenia.
Chalco
Chalco ni msumba wakumanyikwa uwo ukusangika mu charu cha Mexico.
Gregorio Pacheco
Gregorio Pacheco (1823–1899)  wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bolivia kufuma  4 September 1884 mpaka 15 August 1888.
Mbindo, Dowa
Mbindo ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa, chigaŵa cha Pakati, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Aniceto Arce
Aniceto Arce (1824–1906)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bolivia kufuma  15 August 1888 mpaka 11 August 1892.