cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Llumeneres
Llumeneres ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Sant Julià de Lòria mu charu cha Andorra mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Zimbabwe
Makhalilo
Malo agha ghakumanyikwa na malo ghakutowa nga ni Nyanga, Troutbeck, Chimanimani, Vumba na Chirinda Forest pa Phiri la Selinda. Pafupifupi vigaŵa 20 pa vigaŵa 20 vya charu ichi vili pasi pa mamita 900. Victoria Falls, yimoza mwa majigha ghakuru comene pa caru, yili kumpoto ca kumafumiro gha dazi kwa caru ici ndipo yili mu mlonga wa Zambezi.
Escaldes-Engordany
Escaldes-Engordany ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Escaldes-Engordany mu charu cha Andorra mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Zimbabwe
Geology
Mu nyengo ya geological, Zimbabwe yikaŵa na vigaŵa viŵiri vikuruvikuru vya kuswa kwa charu cha Gondwana (ivyo vikumanyikwa kuti Africa na Africa), kweniso chigaŵa chinyake cha Plio-Pleistocene.
Vingerkraal, Limpopo
Vingerkraal, Limpopo ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Waterberg District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Limpopo, charu cha South Africa.
Lesideng, Limpopo
Lesideng, Limpopo ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Waterberg District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Limpopo, charu cha South Africa.
Zimbabwe
Vinthu vyakupambanapambana
Zimbabwe yili na vigaŵa vinkhondi na viŵiri: Kalahari acacia ̇baikiaea, South Africa bushveld, Southern miombo, Zambezian Baikiaea, Zambezian na mopane, Zambezian halophytics, na Eastern Zimbabwe.
Charu ichi chili na makuni ghanandi, kweni mu vigaŵa vya mapiri vya kumafumiro gha dazi muli nkhorongo na makuni ghanandi. Makuni ghanyake agho ghakusangika ku Eastern Highlands ni teak, mahogany, khuni likuru la mkama, nkhorongo ya Newtonia, makuni ghakurughakuru, makuni ghamsinjiro ghatuŵa, chirinda, knobthorn, na ghanyake ghanandi.
Mu vigaŵa vya pasi vya caru ici muli makuni ghanandi gha five, mopane, combretum, na baobab. Chigaŵa chikuru cha charu ichi chili na makuni gha miombo. Pa maluŵa na makuni ghanyake agho ghalipo, pali hibiscus, flame lily, snake lily, spider lily, leonotis, cassia, tree wisteria, na dombeya. Ku Zimbabwe kuli vyamoyo vyakukwana mitundu yakujumpha 350. Paliso njoka na vyakumera vinandi, viyuni vyakujumpha 500, na somba 131.
Environmental issues
Nyengo yinyake, vigaŵa vikuruvikuru vya Zimbabwe vikaŵa na makuni ghanandi. Pakuti makuni ghakumalira mu malo ghakupambanapambana kweniso ŵanthu ŵakukoma vinyama, vikoko vya mu nkhorongo vyachepa. Vinthu ivyo vikupangiska kuti makuni ghasakazikenge na kupasuka chifukwa cha kusazgikira kwa ŵanthu, kusazgikira kwa mizi, na kugwiliskira ntchito mafuta, ni vyakuti vikupangiska kuti makuni ghasakazikenge. Ŵalimi ŵa ku malo agha ŵakususkika cifukwa ca kotcha vyakumera kuti ŵasunge ndudu. Charu ichi chili na chiŵerengero cha 6.31/10 pa charu chose pa vyaru 172.
Rust de Winter, Limpopo
Rust de Winter, Limpopo ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Waterberg District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Limpopo, charu cha South Africa.
Zimbabwe
Ndale
Pa nyengo ya maungano gha pa caru cose gha mu 1995, vyaru vinandi ivyo vikususkana na boma, kusazgapo chipani ca ZUM, vikakana maungano agha. Apo ŵakususka ŵakaweleraso ku mavoti mu 2000, ŵakatora vithuzithuzi 57, ndipo vikaŵa vichoko na vithuzithuzi 5 pera pakuyaniska na vya ZANU-PF. Mu 2002, ŵakaŵaso na mavoti gha pulezidenti pakati pa ŵanthu awo ŵakayowoya kuti pa mavoti pakaŵa mavoti ghambura kwenelera. Chisankho cha Nyumba ya Malamulo ku Zimbabwe mu 2005 chikachitika pa 31 March, ndipo maboma gha Movement for Democratic Change na Jonathan Moyo ghakaphalira ŵanthu ŵanandi kuti ŵakachitanga ukhuluku, upusikizgi, kweniso kuti ŵakopa ŵanthu. Moyo wakachitako mavoti nangauli ŵakamupa mulandu ndipo wakapokera mpando wa mphala ya malango.
Mu 2005, chipani cha MDC chikagaŵikana mu vigaŵa viŵiri: Movement for Democratic Change Mutambara (MDC-M), chakulongozgeka na Arthur Mutambara icho chikapangana pa viphikiro vya Senate, na Movement for Democratic Change Tsvangirai (MDC-T) chakulongozgeka na Morgan Tsvangirai icho chikakana kupangana pa viphikiro ivi. Makampu ghaŵiri gha MDC ghakaŵa na ungano wawo mu 2006 ndipo Tsvangirai wakasankhika kulongozga MDC-T, iyo yikaŵa yakutchuka chomene kuluska gulu linyake.
Mu 2008, pa mavoti gha boma, pakaŵa chigaŵa cha Mugabe na Tsvangirai. Chipani cha MDC-T chikakanizga mavoti agha, pakughanaghana kuti boma la Mugabe likachitiska upusikizgi. Pa June 27, 2008, ŵakaŵikapo mtima kuti ŵapeleke ndalama zakuwuskira ŵanyawo. Pa 22 Juni, chifukwa cha kuleka urunji kwa ndondomeko iyi na kukana kunjilirapo pa "ntchito ya nkhaza, yautesi", Tsvangirai wakafumapo pa chigamulo cha pulezidenti, komiti ya vyakusankha yikachitiska chigamulo ichi, ndipo pulezidenti Mugabe wakapokera wanandi chomene. Chipani cha MDC-T chikapokapo yayi mavoti gha Senate, apo chipani cha MDC-M chikapokera mavoti ghankhondi mu Senate. Chipani cha MDC-M chikadodoliskika na ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakaleka kuwungana. Pa 28 Epulero 2008, Tsvangirai na Mutambara ŵakapharazga pa ungano wa ŵapharazgi mu Johannesburg kuti magulu ghaŵiri gha MDC ghakolerananga, ndipo MDC yikaŵa na wanandi mu nyumba ya malango. Tsvangirai wakayowoya kuti Mugabe wangalutilira yayi kuŵa pulezidenti usange palije wanandi wa ŵanthu mu nyumba ya malango.
Pakati pa Seputembala 2008, pamanyuma pa kudumbiskana kwa nyengo yitali na ŵalongozgi ŵa South Africa na Mozambique, Mugabe na Tsvangirai ŵakasayina phangano la kugaŵikana mazaza umo Mugabe wakasungiliranga mazaza pa ŵasilikari. Vyaru ivyo vyapeleka ndalama vikulindilira dankha, ndipo vikukhumba kuwona kuti vinthu vyasintha nadi pambere vindaŵikeko ndalama zakovwilira kuzenga, izo vikwenera kuti vyatora vilimika vinkhondi. Pa 11 February 2009 Tsvangirai wakapika udindo wa nduna yikuru na Mugabe.
Botha's Hill, KwaZulu-Natal
Botha's Hill, KwaZulu-Natal ni msumba wakusangika mu boma likulu la EThekwini Metropolitan Municipality mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, mu charu cha South Africa.
Zimbabwe
Ndale
Mu February 2013, mulongozgi wa vyakusankha wa Zimbabwe, Simpson Mtambanengwe, wakaleka ntchito chifukwa cha ulwari. Iyo wakaleka mulimo uwu pambere pacali myezi yichoko waka kuti paŵe maungano gha malango na maungano gha boma.
Boma la Zimbabwe likususkika na boma la Zimbabwe ilo likapoka mazaza mu Novembala 2017. Emmerson Mnangagwa wakasankhika kuŵa purezidenti pamanyuma pa chipani ichi ndipo wakasankhika na 50.8% ya mavoti mu 2018 Zimbabwean general election.
Boma likupokera mazgu ghambura kwenelera kufuma ku ŵanthu chifukwa chakuti nyengo zose likujara Intaneti pa nyengo ya viwawa nga ni ivyo vikunozgekera pa Julayi 31. 2020.
Wankhondo
Gulu la Zimbabwe Defence Forces likakhazikiskika pakukolerana magulu ghatatu gha chigaluka - Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (ZANLA), Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA), na Rhodesian Security Forces (RSF) - pamanyuma pa Chimurenga wachiŵiri na wanangwa wa Zimbabwe mu 1980. Mu nyengo ya umoza, gulu la nkhondo la Zimbabwe National Army (ZNA) na Air Force of Zimbabwe (AFZ) likapangika nga ni maboma ghakupambanapambana agho ghakalongozgekanga na Jenerale Solomon Mujuru na Air Marshal Norman Walsh, uyo wakafumapo mu ntchito mu 1982 ndipo wakasinthika na Air Marshal Azim Daudpota uyo wakapeleka mazaza kwa Air Chief Marshal Josiah Tungamirai mu 1985. Mu 2003, Jenerale Constantine Chiwenga, wakakwezgeka na kusankhika Mulara wa mawumba gha Zimbabwe Defence Forces. Mulara Mukuru P. V. Sibanda ndiyo wakanjira mu malo ghake pakuŵa Mulongozgi wa ŵasilikari.
Gulu la ZNA lili na ŵasilikari 30,000. Ŵasilikari ŵa nkhondo ŵakuŵapo 5,139. Wapolisi wa Republic of Zimbabwe (wakusazgapo Police Support Unit, Paramilitary Police) ndi chigaŵa cha Zimbabwe Defence Forces ndipo wali na ŵanthu 25,000.
Pakwamba kwa 1980, ŵaliska ŵa ku Britain ndiwo ŵakalongozganga gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa ku Rhodesia. Mu cilimika cakwamba, ŵakalondezganga ndondomeko yakuti uyo wacitenge makora comene ndiyo waŵe mulongozgi wa gulu. Usange wakaŵa wa ZANLA, munthu uyo wakaŵa wachiŵiri kwa iyo ndiyo wakaŵa na maluso ghapachanya pa ZIPRA. Ivi vikawovwira kuti paŵe mtende pakati pa magulu ghaŵiri agha.
Pakwamba, ZNA yikaŵa na magulu ghanayi gha ŵasilikari. Gulu la ŵasilikari ŵakovwira ŵasilikari aŵa ŵakaŵa ŵaluso ŵa mu gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa ku Rhodesia, apo ŵasilikari ŵa mu gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa ku Rhodesia ŵakaŵikika mu gulu la ŵasilikari 1, 3 na 4. Brigade ya Cinkhondi yikapangika mu 1981 ndipo yikamara mu 1988 pamanyuma pakulongosora za nkhaza na kukoma ŵanthu pa nyengo iyo brigade iyi yikawusanga Matabeleland mu malo agho ghakachemekanga Gukurahundi. Gulu ili likapangikaso mu 2006, ndipo mulara wake, Brigadier General John Mupande wakalumba "mbiri yake".
Ufulu wamunthu
Pali malipoti ghanandi ghakulongora kuti ŵanthu ŵakuswa wanangwa wa ŵanthu mu Zimbabwe mu nyengo ya muwuso wa Mugabe na chipani cha ZANU-PF. Kuyana na mawupu ghakuvikilira wanangwa wa ŵanthu nga ni Amnesty International na Human Rights Watch, boma la Zimbabwe likuswa wanangwa wa ŵanthu wa kukhala, kurya, kwenda na kukhala mwakufwatuka, kuwungana mwakufwatuka, na kuvikilirika na dango. Mu 2009, Gregory Stanton, pulezidenti wa International Association of Genocide Scholars, wakayowoya kuti pakaŵa "ukaboni wakuti boma la Mugabe likaŵa na mulandu wa kuswa malango gha ŵanthu ndipo pakaŵa ukaboni wakukwana wa kuswa malango gha ŵanthu kuti Mugabe weruzgike panthazi pa khoti la International Criminal Court".
Ku Zimbabwe, ŵanalume awo ŵakugonana ŵanalume ŵekhaŵekha mbambura kuzomerezgeka. Kwambira mu 1995, boma likulimbana na ŵanalume na ŵanakazi awo ŵakugonana na ŵanalume ŵanyawo. Pulezidenti Mugabe wakususka ŵanthu awo ŵakugonana ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha chifukwa cha masuzgo ghanandi agho Zimbabwe yili nagho ndipo wakuwona kuti ŵanthu awo ŵakugonana ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha ni ŵanthu "ŵambura kuzomerezgeka ku Africa" ndiposo kuti mbambura nkharo.
Nyengo zinandi ŵapolisi ŵakuwukira awo ŵakuwukira boma, nga umo ŵakacitira pa ungano wa MDC uwo ukacitika pa Malichi 11, 2007, kweniso pa ungano unyake uwo ukacitika pa nyengo ya ungano wa 2008. Secretary General wa UN Ban Ki-moon, European Union, na United States ŵakususka comene ivyo ŵapolisi ŵakucita. Kweniso ŵanthu ŵakudandawura chifukwa cha wanangwa wa Fox Southwest. Boma la Zimbabwe likususkika kuti likukanizga wanangwa wa kuyowoya. Gulu ili likuyuyulika kanandi waka kuti likugwiliskira nchito wupu wa Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation. Manyuzipepara agho ghakatenge ghakususka boma, nga ni Daily News, ghakajalika pamanyuma pakuti mabomba ghaphulika mu maofesi ghawo ndipo boma likakana kuwezgerapo layisensi yawo. BBC News, Sky News, na CNN ŵakakanizgika kujambura panji kulemba nkhani kufuma ku Zimbabwe. Mu 2009, boma likawuskapo dango lakuti BBC na CNN vileke kulemba nkhani. Sky News yikulutilira kulemba ivyo vikucitika mu Zimbabwe kufuma ku vyaru vyapafupi nga ni South Africa.
Pa 24 Julayi 2020, ofesi ya United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) yikayowoya kuti yikudandawura na ivyo boma la Zimbabwe likuyowoya kuti likagwiliskira ntchito suzgo la COVID-19 kuti likanizge wanangwa wa kuyowoya na kuwungana mu msewu. Liz Throssell, muyowoyeri wa OHCHR, wakati ŵanthu ŵali na wanangwa wa kususka vimbundi. Ŵalara ŵa boma ku Zimbabwe ŵakagwiliskira nchito nkongono kuti ŵaparanye na kukora ŵasilikari na ŵantchito ŵa munkhwala, awo ŵakasuskanga mwamtende kuti ŵapike malipiro ghawemi ndiposo kuti ŵagwirenge makora nchito. Malipoti ghakulongora kuti ŵanthu ŵacoko waka ŵa chipani cakususkana na nyuzipepara ŵakakakika na kukakika cifukwa ca kucitako viyezgelero.
Pa 5 August 2020, kampeni ya #ZimbabweanLivesMatter pa Twitter yikawovwira ŵanthu ŵakumanyikwa pa charu chose na ŵandyali kuti ŵamanye umo wanangwa wa ŵanthu ukusinthira mu charu ichi, ndipo ivi vikapangiska kuti boma la Emmerson Mnangagwa liŵe na suzgo. Kampeni iyi yikacitika cifukwa ca kukakika, kukomeka na kutambuzgika kwa ŵanthu awo ŵakasuzganga ŵandyali, kweniso kukakika kwa mupharazgi Hopewell Chin'ono na mulembi wa buku la Booker Prize, Tsitsi Dangarembga.
Administrative divisions
Charu cha Zimbabwe chili na boma lakugaŵikana ndipo chili na vigaŵa 8 na misumba yiŵiri. Chigaŵa chilichose chili na msumba ukuru uwo boma likuwusamo.
Mazina gha vigaŵa vinandi ghakafuma ku chigaŵa cha Mashonaland na Matabeleland pa nyengo iyo ŵanthu ŵakakhalanga mu vigaŵa ivi: Mashonaland yikaŵa chigaŵa icho chikakoleka na British South Africa Company Pioneer Column, ndipo Matabeleland yikaŵa chigaŵa icho chikapokeka pa Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Matabele. Ichi chikukolerana na chigaŵa icho ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Shona na Matabele ŵakakhalanga pambere charu chindambe kuwusa. Chigaŵa chilichose chili na kazembe uyo wakuchemeka na pulezidenti. Boma la cigaŵa likulongozgeka na mulaŵiliri wa cigaŵa, uyo wakusankhika na Commission of Public Service. Maofesi ghanyake gha boma gha vigaŵa vyawo ghakuchita milimo yinyake.
Vigaŵa ivi vili kugaŵika vigaŵa 59 na vigaŵa 1,200 (ivyo nyengo zinyake vikuchemeka maboma). Chigaŵa chilichose chikulongozgeka na mulongozgi wa chigaŵa, uyo wakusankhika na Public Service Commission. Paliso wupu wa Rural District Council, uwo ukusora mulara wa boma. Wupu wa Rural District Council ukupangika na ŵanthu ŵakusoleka, mulaŵiliri wa chigaŵa, na mwimiliri wa ŵalongozgi (ŵalongozgi awo ŵakwimikika mwakuyana na dango la cikaya) mu chigaŵa. Maofesi ghanyake gha boma gha mu vigaŵa ghakuchita milimo iyi.
Pa chigaŵa ichi pali Komiti Yakupanga Vipinda, iyo yikusazgapo mulongozgi wa chigaŵa uyo wakusankhika, ŵalongozgi ŵa vigaŵa (ŵalongozgi awo ŵakulongozgeka na ŵalongozgi) na ŵimiliri ŵa Komiti Yakupanga Vipinda. Vigaŵa ivi vili kugaŵika mu mizi, ndipo chigaŵa chilichose chili na komiti ya chitukuko ya mizi na mulongozgi.
Sanctions
Pakati pajumpha vilimika vicoko waka, ŵa EU na Zimbabwe ŵakamazga mphindano zawo ndipo vyeruzgo vinandi vya EU vikafumiskika. Mubali Mugabe na muwoli wake ndiwo ŵakakhalapo pa ndondomeko iyi, apo ŵamazaza ŵanyake ŵa boma ŵakafumiskikapo. Ndipouli, EU yikatondeka kupeleka ndalama ku Zimbabwe. Ntheura, boma likupeleka ndalama kwizira mu mawupu ghambura vya boma nga ni umo vikaŵira na chimphepo cha Idai icho chikachitika pa Malichi 4, 2019.
Boma la United States nalo likakanizga Zimbabwe. Pali mitundu yiŵiri ya vyeruzgo vya United States pa Zimbabwe. Cakwamba ni Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act (ZIDERA) ndipo caciŵiri ni Targeted Sanctions Program. ZIDERA wakapempha vinthu vinandi. Cakwamba nchakuti Zimbabwe yikwenera kuchindika wanangwa wa ŵanthu, caciŵiri Zimbabwe yikwenera kuleka kunjilirapo pa vinthu vya mu Democratic Republic of Congo, cacitatu Zimbabwe yikwenera kuleka kupoka minda ya ŵazungu. Usange palije cimoza mwa vinthu ivi ico cikupulikikwa, boma la United States lizamukanizga IMF na World Bank kupeleka ndalama ku Zimbabwe. ZIDERA yiphya yikamba kugwira ntchito mu 2018 na fundo yakuti, Welerani ku Demokalase panji kuzamuŵavya ubwezi, pakwenera kuŵa mavoti ghakufwatuka, wayilesi yakufwatuka na wanangwa wa ŵanthu, Zimbabwe yikwenera kufiska ivyo khoti la SADC likadumura. Ndondomeko ya Malango ya ku Zimbabwe yikamba kugwira ntchito mu 2003, ndipo yikulongosora makampani gha ku Zimbabwe na ŵanthu awo ŵakukanizgika kuchita malonda na makampani gha ku America. Malango gha pa Zimbabwe ghalipo kwa virimika vyakujumpha 20. Mu Malichi 2021 boma la US likakhazikiskaso malango ghakwendeskera Zimbabwe.
Chuma
Vinthu vikuru ivyo Zimbabwe yikuguliska ku vyaru vinyake ni visulo, golide, na ulimi. Charu cha Zimbabwe ndico nchigaŵa cikuru comene ico South Africa yikuguliskirana vinthu. Malipiro gha msonkho na msonkho ni ghapacanya comene ku makampani gha ŵeneco, apo mabungwe gha boma ghakovwira comene. Malamulo gha boma ghakuŵa ghakudura comene ku makampani; kwamba panji kujara bizinesi kukucitika mwakucedwa ndiposo kwakudura. Ulendo nawo ukuwovwira comene pa vya cuma, kweni mu vyaka vyasonosono apa ukuchepa. Wupu wa Zimbabwe Conservation Task Force ukalemba lipoti mu Juni 2007, ndipo ukati vyamoyo vinandi vya ku Zimbabwe vyafwa kufuma mu 2000 chifukwa cha kupenja vinyama mwakubisilizga. Lipoti ili likucenjezga kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakufwa cifukwa ca kuthereska makuni. Vinthu vya sayansi na vyakupharazga vikukura comene. Lipoti la kampani ya Opera mu 2011 likati charu cha Zimbabwe ndicho chikukura luŵiro chomene mu Africa. Kwambira mu Janyuwale 2002, boma la Zimbabwe lalekeska ngongoli izo likapeleka ku mabungwe gha vya ndalama gha pa caru cose, kwizira mu dango la ku United States lakucemeka Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act of 2001 (ZDERA). Chigaŵa cha 4C chikuphalira Secretary of the Treasury kuti waphalire mabungwe gha vya ndalama gha pa caru cose kuti ghatondeke kupeleka ngongoli ku boma la Zimbabwe. Kuyana na umo boma la United States likuyowoyera, vyeruzgo ivi vikukhwaska waka mabizinesi ghankhondi na ghaŵiri agho ghali mu mawoko gha ŵalara ŵa boma panji agho ghakwendeskeka na iwo.
GDP pa munthu yumoza (uno), pakuyaniska na vyaru vyapafupi (pacharu chose = 100)
Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1980, Zimbabwe yikalutilira kukura (5% pa chaka) kweniso mu vyaka vya m'ma 1990 (4,3% pa chaka). Kufumira mu 2000, ciŵelengero ca ndalama cikakhira na 5 peresenti mu 2000, 8 peresenti mu 2001, 12 peresenti mu 2002 na 18 peresenti mu 2003. Pakuti charu cha Zimbabwe chikachitako nkhondo mu charu cha Democratic Republic of the Congo kufuma mu 1998 m'paka mu 2002, ndalama zinandi zikamara. Kwamba mu 1999 m'paka mu 2009, Zimbabwe yikaŵa na chuma chambura kukura chomene, ndipo chaka chilichose GDP yikakhiranga na 6.1%. Vinthu vikasintha chomene chifukwa cha vimbundi na vimbundi ivyo vikachitika mu boma kweniso chifukwa chakuti ŵakachimbizga ŵalimi ŵatuŵa ŵakujumpha 4,000 mu 2000. Boma la Zimbabwe na ŵanthu awo ŵakukolerana nalo ŵakukhozgera kuti ndyali za ku vyaru vya kumanjiliro gha dazi ndizo zikananga chuma cha charu ichi.
Kuzakafika mu 2005, nkhongono zakugulira za ŵanthu ŵa ku Zimbabwe zikaŵa kuti zachepa chomene. Mu 2005, boma, ilo likalongozgekanga na Gideon Gono, uyo wakaŵa kazembe wa banki yikuru, likamba kupempha kuti ŵalimi ŵazgoke. Mu caru ici mukaŵa viŵeto vya viŵeto 400 mpaka 500, kweni malo ghanandi agho ghakapokeka ghakaŵa ghambura vyakurya. Kuzakafika mu 2016, pa minda 4,500 iyo yikaŵa mu charu ichi, yikaŵa na minda pafupifupi 300 iyo yikaŵa ya ŵanichi. Mafamu agho ghakafumako ghakaŵa ghakutali comene, panji ŵeneco ŵakalipira kuti ŵaŵavikilire, panji ŵakakolerana na boma. Mu Janyuwale 2007, boma likapeleka ndalama zakugulira munda kwa nyengo yitali ku ŵalimi ŵanyake ŵazungu. Kweni nyengo yeneyiyo, boma likalutilira kukhumba kuti ŵalimi wose ŵazungu awo ŵakaŵa kuti ŵapokera kale ulongozgi wakuti ŵafumemo mu malo ghawo, ŵafumemo mu malo ghawo. Mugabe wakalongosora za maboma gha vyaru vinyake na kuyowoya kuti "kuswa malango" ndiko kukapangiska kuti chuma cha Zimbabwe chikhale pasi, kweniso kuti ŵanthu 80 pa 100 ŵalije nchito.
Kuyana na lipoti la Central Statistical Office, unandi wa ndalama ukakwera kufuma pa 32% mu 1998 kufika pa 11,200,000% mu Ogasiti 2008. Ici cikaŵa cilongolero ca suzgo la kukhuŵara kwa ndalama, ndipo banki yikapeleka ndalama ziphya zakukwana madola mabiliyoni 100. Mu Janyuwale 2009, pakuyezgayezga kuti ŵaleke kunjira ndyali, Patrick Chinamasa, uyo wakaŵa nduna ya vya ndalama, wakapharazga kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Zimbabwe ŵazomerezgekenge kugwiliskira ntchito ndalama zinyake zakukhora pakuchita bizinesi. Mu April 2009, ndalama ya ku Zimbabwe yikamara kugwira ntchito mu mwezi umoza. Mu 2016, charu cha Zimbabwe chikapeleka ndalama za United States dollar na ndalama zinyake nga ni rand (South Africa), pula (Botswana), euro, na pound sterling (UK). Mu Febuluwale 2019, Governor wa Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe John Mangudya wakambiska ndalama yiphya ya Real Time Gross Settlement dollar, mu chilato cha kumazga masuzgo gha vyachuma na ndalama mu Zimbabwe.
Mu 2009, boma la Zimbabwe likati lakhazikiska boma la umoza na kwamba kugwiliskira ntchito ndalama zinandi m'malo mwa dola ya Zimbabwe, chuma cha charu ichi chikambaso kwenda makora. Pakati pa 2009 na 2012, GDP yikakura na 8-9% pa caka. Mu Novembala 2010, wupu wakuwona vya ndalama pa charu chose (IMF) ukati chuma cha charu cha Zimbabwe "chikukura chomene chaka chachiŵiri". Mu Febuluwale 2011, wupu wa pan-African investment bank IMARA ukalemba lipoti lakukondweska pa nkhani ya ndalama izo Zimbabwe yikuguliska. Mu Janyuwale 2013, unduna wa vya ndalama ukati ŵali na ndalama zakukwana madola 217 pera. Kufika mu 2014, Zimbabwe yikaweleraso ku mlingo uwo ukaŵa mu ma 1990, kweni pakati pa 2012 na 2016, vinthu vikamba kwenda makora yayi. Kukwera kwa ndalama kunali 42% mu 2018; mu June 2019, chiwerengero cha kukwera kwa ndalama chinafika 175%, zomwe zinayambitsa chisokonezo chachikulu m'dziko lonselo.
Malibwe ghakudula
Vinthu vikwenda makora mu migodi iyi, ndipo mabungwe gha Anglo American plc, Zimplats, na Impala Platinum, ndigho ghakusanga platinamu unandi chomene pa charu chose. Zimplats, kampani yikuru chomene ya platinamu mu charu ichi, yaluta panthazi na ndalama zakukwana madola 500 miliyoni, ndipo yikulutilira na pulojekiti yinyake ya madola mabiliyoni ghaŵiri, nangauli Mugabe wakakhumbanga kuti kampani iyi yiŵe ya boma.
Malibwe agha ŵakaghasanga mu 2006, ndipo ghakumanyikwa kuti ndigho ghakaŵa ghakuru comene mu vyaka vyakujumpha 100. Vinthu ivi vingawovwira kuti vinthu viŵe makora mu charu, kweni pafupifupi ndalama zose izo zikufuma mu vyaru ivi zili kutayika mu mathumba gha ŵasilikari na ŵandyali ŵa ZANU-PF. Kuyana na unandi wa dayamondi izo zilipo, malo gha Marange ni ghanyake mwa malo ghakurughakuru chomene pa charu.
Mu Okutobala 2014, kampani ya Metallon Corporation ndiyo yikaŵa yikuru chomene ku Zimbabwe.
Ulimi
Mulimo wa kulima mu caru ca Zimbabwe ndiwo ukupeleka ndalama zinandi ku vyaru vinyake ndipo ukupeleka nchito 400,000. Ndipouli, ndondomeko ya boma ya kunozga malo yikananga comene nchito iyi, ndipo Zimbabwe yikazgoka caru ico cikuguliska vyakurya vinandi. Mwaciyelezgero, pakati pa 2000 na 2016, vyakurya ivyo vikupambika tirigu vikakhira kufuma pa matani 250,000 kufika pa matani 60,000, ndipo tirigu wakakhira kufuma pa matani 200,000 kufika pa matani 500,000. Mu 2000, ŵanthu ŵazungu ŵakakora panji kupoka minda yawo ya khofi, ndipo pamasinda ŵakayima.
Vyaka 10 ivyo vyajumpha, wupu wa International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, wawovwira ŵalimi ŵa ku Zimbabwe kuti ŵambe kulima makora. Para ŵalimi ŵakugwiliskira ntchito fundo zitatu izi: kusuzga chomene dongo, kulima vyakumera vyakudinya, na kulima vyakumera vyakututuŵa, mbwenu dongo likwenda makora, kunangika yayi, na kunangika. Pakati pa 2005 na 2011, chiŵelengero cha ŵalimi ŵachokoŵachoko awo ŵakulima mu charu cha Zimbabwe chikakwera kufuma pa 5,000 kufika pa 150,000. Vipambi vya vyamuminda vikakwera pakati pa 15 na 100 peresentPakati pa 2005 na 2011, chiŵelengero cha ŵalimi ŵachokoŵachoko awo ŵakulima mu charu cha Zimbabwe chikakwera kufuma pa 5,000 kufika pa 150,000. Vipambi vya vyamuminda vikakwera pakati pa 15 na 100 peresenti mu vigaŵa vyakupambanapambana. Mu 2012, boma likati mbuto ya mbuto iyi njakukhumbikwa chomene.
Mvurwi, cigaŵa ca ku Mashonaland Central Province, nyengo yinyake cikaŵa mu "cigaŵa ca vyakurya vinandi" mu Zimbabwe, na dongo liwemi. Ndipouli, mu vyaka 30 ivyo vyajumpha, malo agha ndigho ghakhwaskika comene na ndondomeko ya kunozga malo.
Tourism
Kufuma waka apo ŵakaŵikirapo ndondomeko ya kunozga malo mu 2000, vyalo vya ŵanthu ŵakwendakwenda mu Zimbabwe vikamba kuchepa. Mu 2018, chiŵelengero cha ŵalendo chikafika pa 2.6 miliyoni. Mu chaka cha 2016, ndalama zose izo ŵanthu ŵakwendakwenda ŵakagwiliskiranga ntchito ku Zimbabwe zikaŵanga $1.1 billion (USD), panji pafupifupi 8.1% ya GDP ya Zimbabwe. Ntchito za mu vyaru vya maulendo na vyakusanguluska, pamoza na vyaru ivyo vikovwira na maulendo na vyakusanguluska, vikaŵa 5.2% ya nchito za mu vyaru vyose.
Pakati pa 2000 na 2007, ndege zinandi zikafumamo mu Zimbabwe. Kampani ya Qantas ya ku Australia, Lufthansa ya ku Germany, na Austrian Airlines ndiyo yikaŵa yakwamba kufumamo ndipo mu 2007 British Airways yikayimiska maulendo ghose ghakuluta ku Harare. Ndege ya ku Zimbabwe, iyo yikendanga mu vyaru vya ku Africa na vyaru vinyake ku Europe na Asia, yikamara kugwira ntchito mu Febuluwale 2012. Mu 2017, ndege zinandi zikuruzikuru zikambaso kwendera charu cha Zimbabwe.
Ku Zimbabwe kuli malo ghanandi agho ŵanthu ŵakutemwa kuluta. Maji gha Victoria Falls, agho ghali pa mlonga wa Zambezi, ghali kumpoto ca kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Zimbabwe. Pambere vinthu vindasinthe, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakalutanga ku malo agha kufuma ku Zimbabwe, kweni sono Zambia ndiyo yikusangirapo chandulo chomene. Victoria Falls National Park nayo yili mu cigaŵa ici ndipo njimoza mwa malo ghankhondi na ghatatu agho ghali mu Zimbabwe.
Malo gha ku Eastern Highlands ni mapiri agho ghali pafupi na mphaka na Mozambique. Phiri la Nyangani ilo lili pachanya chomene ku Zimbabwe lili pa mtunda wa mamita 2,593 (8,507 ft). Malo agha ndigho ghali pa mapiri agha, ndipo kufuma pa mapiri agha, munthu wangawona malo ghakutali chomene.
Charu cha Zimbabwe ntchakuzizwiska chomene mu Africa chifukwa chili na misumba yinandi yakale na yakale iyo yikazengeka na malibwe ghakukhoma. Vinyake mwa malo agha ni malo ghakupatulika gha Great Zimbabwe agho ghali ku Masvingo. Vinyake ivyo vilipo ni Khami, Dhlo-Dhlo na Naletale. Mapiri gha Matobo ni malo gha granite kopjes na makuni agho ghakwamba makilomita 35 kumwera kwa Bulawayo kumwera kwa Zimbabwe. Mapiri agha ghakaŵako vyaka vyakujumpha mabiliyoni ghaŵiri ivyo vyajumpha apo malibwe gha granite ghakafumanga pa malo agha. Mzilikazi, uyo wakambiska mtundu wa Ndebele, ndiyo wakapeleka zina ili ku malo agha. Ŵalendo ŵanandi ŵakwiza ku malo agha cifukwa ca umo malo agha ghakaŵirako kale comene kweniso vyamoyo vya mu malo agha. Cecil Rhodes na ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakakhalanga ku malo agha nga ni Leander Starr Jameson ŵali kusungika mu mapiri agha.
Kupeleka maji na maji ghakumwa
Mu Zimbabwe muli vigaŵa vichoko waka ivyo vili na maji na vyakutoweskera ŵanthu. Wupu wa vyaumoyo pa charu chose (World Health Organization) ukati mu chaka cha 2012, 80% ya ŵanthu ŵa ku Zimbabwe ŵakaŵa na maji ghawemi ghakumwa, ndipo 40% pera ndiwo ŵakaŵa na maji ghakumwa. Mu vigaŵa vya ku mizi, ŵanthu ŵakutondeka kusanga maji ghawemi na malo ghakutowa. Pali vinthu vinandi ivyo vikupangiska kuti maji gha mu Zimbabwe ghaŵe ghakwenelera mu nyengo zakunthazi. Vinthu vikuruvikuru vitatu ni suzgo la ndalama mu charu ichi.
Sayansi na vyakupangapanga
Boma la Zimbabwe lili na vinthu vinandi vyakukhumbikwa pa caru cose ndipo likulimbikira comene pa nkhani ya kafukufuku.. Charu ichi chili na masambiro ghakupulikikwa makora, ndipo munthu yumoza pa ŵanthu 11 waliyose wali na digiri ya sekondare. Pakuti charu ichi chili na vinjeru vinandi kweniso vinthu vinandi vyakuthupi, charu cha Zimbabwe chili na mwaŵi ukuru wa kukura. Charu cha Zimbabwe chili pa  nambala 113 pa Global Innovation Index mu 2021, kufuma pa nambala 122 mu 2019.
Kuti Zimbabwe yikure makora, yikwenera kumazga masuzgo ghanyake. Mwaciyelezgero, caru ici cikusoŵerwa ŵasayansi awo ŵakukhumbikwa kuti ŵacite vinthu viphya. Nangauli pali vinthu vyakukhumbikwa kuti kafukufuku na vyakupangapanga viwovwire kuti vinthu vyendenge makora mu charu cha Zimbabwe, kweni masukulu ghapachanya na mabungwe gha kafukufuku ghalije ndalama na ŵanthu ŵakukwana kuti ŵachite kafukufuku. Masuzgo gha vyachuma ghapangiska kuti ŵana ŵa sukulu ŵa pa yunivesite na ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵafumemo mu vigaŵa vikuruvikuru (vyakuzenga, vyakupangira vinthu, na vinyake) ndipo ichi chikupangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵaleke kukondwa na ntchito yawo. Mu 2012, ŵana ŵa sukulu ŵakujumpha 22% ŵa ku Zimbabwe ŵakamalizga masambiro ghawo ku vyaru vinyake. Mu 2012, pakaŵa ŵasayansi 200 mu boma, ndipo pa ŵanthu aŵa, 25 pa ŵanthu 100 ŵakaŵa ŵanakazi. Chiŵelengero ichi ntchakukwana kaŵiri kuluska cha pa charu chose (91 mu 2013) kweni ni hafu ya chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu awo ŵakuchita kafukufuku mu South Africa (818 pa ŵanthu 1 miliyoni). Boma la Zimbabwe lazenga webusayiti ya Zimbabwe Human Capital kuti lipelekenge mauthenga ku ŵanthu ŵa ku Zimbabwe pa nkhani ya ntchito na ndalama.
Nangauli ŵanthu ndiwo ŵakulongozga pa kafukufuku na vyakupanga vinthu vinyake, kweni mu ndondomeko ya nyengo yapakati ya 2011 na 2015, pakaŵavya ndondomeko yakukhwaskana na kusambizga masambiro gha ku yunivesite. Kuchepa kwa madokotala gha sayansi na injiniya kufuma ku yunivesite ya Zimbabwe mu 2013 kukulongora kuti ŵakutondeka.
Kweniso ndondomeko ya vyakuzenga ya 2018, iyo yikucemeka kuti Zimbabwe Agenda for Sustainable Economic Transformation, njambura vilato vyakukhwaskana na kusazgirako unandi wa ŵasayansi na mainjiniya, panji ivyo vikukhumbikwa pa mulimo wa kupanga vinthu. Kweniso, cifukwa ca kuleka kwenderana na kukolerana pakati pa mawupu gha boma, vyakuzirwa vya kafukufuku vikusazgikira comene ndipo ndondomeko izo zilipo sono zikufiskika makora yayi.
Ndondomeko Yachiŵiri ya vya Sayansi na Maluso ya mu charu ichi yikamba mu Juni 2012, pamanyuma pakuti yapangika na wovwiri wa UNESCO. Likutora malo gha ndondomeko yakale iyo yikaŵako mu 2002. Ndondomeko ya mu 2012 yikulaŵiska comene pa sayansi ya vyamoyo, sayansi ya vya mlengalenga, sayansi ya vinthu vya mu mlengalenga, sayansi ya vinthu vya mu mlengalenga (nanotechnology), masisitemu gha ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha, vyamahara ivyo vicali kunthazi, na nthowa za sayansi zakumazgira masuzgo gha mu malo agho tikukhala. Ndondomeko Yachiŵiri ya Sayansi na Maluso gha Miphanyi yikukhozgera kuti boma lipelekenge ndalama zakukwana 1% ya GDP pa kafukufuku na vyakupangiska, ndipo 60% ya masambiro gha pa yunivesite ghaŵikenge pa kusambizga ŵanthu vya sayansi na vyakupangiska.
Mu 2014, ku Zimbabwe kukaŵa mabuku 21 pa ŵanthu 1 miliyoni mu manyuzipepara gha pa charu chose. Ivi vikapangiska kuti charu cha Zimbabwe chiŵe pa nambara 6 pa vyaru 15 vya SADC, pamanyuma pa Namibia (59), Mauritius (71), Botswana (103) na South Africa (175) na Seychelles (364). Pa ŵanthu 100 miliyoni mu vyaru vya kumwera kwa Sahara, ŵanthu 20 ŵakalemba mabuku ghakulongosora vya sayansi.
Mtundu wa ŵanthu
Kuyana na lipoti la ŵanthu awo ŵakalembeka mu 2012, ŵanthu 99.7% ŵa mu charu ichi mba ku Africa. Ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakukhala mu chigaŵa ichi ni Ŵashona ndipo ŵalipo 82 peresenti. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Ndebele ŵali kufuma ku mafuko ghanyake agho ghakasama na kutorana na Ŵazulu. Mu vyaka vinkhondi ivyo vyajumpha, ŵanthu pafupifupi 1 miliyoni ŵa mtundu wa Ndebele ŵali kufumamo mu charu ichi ndipo ŵanandi ŵaluta ku South Africa. Mtundu unyake ni Venda, Tonga, Tsonga, Kalanga, Sotho, Ndau, Nambya, Tswana, Xhosa na Lozi.
Ŵanthu ŵachoko waka awo ŵakukhala mu charu ichi ni ŵazungu ŵa ku Zimbabwe. Ŵazungu ŵa ku Zimbabwe ŵanandi ŵali kufuma ku Britain, kweni paliso ŵanthu ŵa ku Afrika, Greece, Portugal, France, na Netherlands. Mu 1975, ŵanthu ŵazungu ŵakakwana 278,000, panji kuti 4.3% ya ŵanthu wose. Pa kalembera wa mu 2012, ŵanthu wose ŵazungu ŵakaŵa 28,782 (pafupifupi 0.22% ya ŵanthu wose), chiŵelengero icho chikaŵa pachanya chomene. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakaluta ku United Kingdom (pakati pa 200,000 na 500,000 ŵa ku Britain ŵali kufuma ku Rhodesia panji Zimbabwe), South Africa, Botswana, Zambia, Mozambique, Canada, Australia na New Zealand. Ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yakupambanapambana ŵalipo 0.5% ndipo mitundu yinyake ya ku Asia, chomenechomene ya ku India na China, ŵalipo 0.5%.
Viyowoyelo
Mu charu cha Zimbabwe muli viyowoyero 16 ndipo mu dango la charu ichi, pali dango lakuti viyowoyero vinyake ndivyo viŵenge vyakuzomerezgeka. Cingelezi ndico cikuyowoyeka comene pa masukulu na mu makhoti. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Zimbabwe ŵakuyowoya viyowoyero vyakuchemeka Shona na Ndebele. 78% ya ŵanthu ŵakuyowoya Cishona, ndipo 20% ŵakuyowoya Cindebele. Viyowoyero vinyake vya ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Bantu ni Venda, Tsonga, Shangaan, Kalanga, Sotho, Ndau na Nambya. Ŵanthu ŵacoko comene awo ŵakuyowoya Cingelezi ni 2.5%, comenecomene awo mbazungu ndiposo awo mbakufuma ku mitundu yinyake. ChiShona chili na maluso ghanandi agho ghakalembeka mu buku lakwamba la ChiShona, la Feso ilo likalembeka na Solomon Mutswairo, ilo likafuma mu 1956. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuyowoya Chingelezi mu matawuni kweni ku mizi ŵakuyowoya viŵi yayi. Nkhani za pa wayilesi na pa wayilesi zikupharazgika mu Chishona, Chisindebele na Chingelezi.
Mu Zimbabwe muli ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakuyowoya Ciphwitikizi, comenecomene mu vigaŵa ivyo vili kufupi na mphaka na Mozambique kweniso mu misumba yikuruyikuru. Kwamba mu 2017, kusambizga Chiphwitikizi kwaŵikika mu masambiro gha sekondare mu Zimbabwe.
Chisopa
Kuyana na kafukufuku wa 2017 Inter Censal Demography Survey wakuchitika na Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency, 84% ya ŵanthu ŵa ku Zimbabwe Mbakhristu, 10% ŵalije chisopa, ndipo 0.7% Mba Chisilamu. Ŵanthu 62 pa 100 ŵaliwose ŵakuluta ku matchalitchi nyengo zose. Ŵanthu pafupifupi 69% ŵa ku Zimbabwe ŵali mu chisopa cha Protestant, ndipo 8% ŵali mu chisopa cha Roman Catholic. Makhaliro gha Cikristu gha Pentekoste, comenecomene, ghakura comene mu vilimika vyasonosono apa ndipo ghakuŵa na ncito yikuru comene mu umoyo wa ŵantu, wa ŵanthu na wa ndyali. Matchalitchi ghakurughakuru gha Cikhristu ni Anglican, Roman Catholic, Seventh-day Adventist, na Methodist.
Nga ni umo viliri mu vyaru vinyake vya mu Africa, Cikristu cingaŵa cakusazgikana na vigomezgo vyacikaya. Chisopa cha ŵanthu ŵakwambilira, icho chikaŵako kale pambere charu cha Zimbabwe chindaŵeko na ŵanthu awo ŵakalondezganga visopa vyawo, chikulutilira kuŵa chakuzirwa mu chisopa cha ku Zimbabwe. Kusopa ŵasekuru ni cisopa ico cikupambana na Cikhristu, ico cikusazgapo kuŵeyelera kwauzimu. Mu viphikiro vinandi, mbira dzavadzimu, kung'anamura "tumazgu twa ŵasekuru", ni ciŵiya ico cikukolerana na ma lamelophone ghanandi agho ghali palipose mu Africa.
Umoyo
Pa nyengo iyo ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yakupambana ŵakamba kujiyimira ŵekha, ŵakamba kulwara matenda agho ghakaŵapo pakati pa ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yinyake. Mu vyaka vinkhondi vyakwambilira pamanyuma pa kujiwombora, vinthu vikenda makora chomene pa nkhani ya katemera, wovwiri wa munkhwala, na munkhwala wakukanizga nthumbo. Ntheura, pa caru cose, caru ca Zimbabwe cikuwoneka kuti cikucita makora comene pa nkhani ya umoyo.
Nyengo zinyake ku Zimbabwe kukaŵanga matenda ghakofya. Vinthu ivyo vikaŵa makora pa umoyo wa ŵanthu vikasuzgika cifukwa ca kusintha kwa vinthu mu vyaru mu vyaka vya m'ma 1990, nthenda ya HIV/AIDS, na suzgo la vyachuma kufuma mu 2000. Mu 2006, Zimbabwe yikaŵa na umoyo wambura kukhumbikwa chomene pa charu chose, kuyana na umo UN yikulongolera kuti ŵanalume ŵakhalanga vyaka 44, ndipo ŵanakazi ŵakakhalanga vyaka 43. Cakucitika cikuru comene ico cikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵambe kusuzgika comene ni nthenda ya HIV na AIDS. Ŵana awo ŵakafwanga na nthenda iyi ŵakakwera kufuma pa 6% m'ma 1990 kufika pa 12.3% mu 2004. Pa vyaka 10 ivyo vyajumpha, ŵana awo ŵakababikanga ŵakaŵa 3.6 (2002), 3.8 (2006) na 3.8 (2012). Mu 2014, pa ŵana 100,000 awo ŵakababika, 614 ndiwo ŵakafwanga pa nthumbo. Ŵana awo ŵakafwanga na ŵana ŵambura kukwaniska vyaka vinkhondi pa ŵana 1,000 ŵakafwanga na ŵana 75 mu 2014 (94 mu 2009). Mu 2016, pakaŵavya ŵabwezi 1,000 awo ŵakababika ŵamoyo, ndipo pa ŵanakazi ŵakutora, pa ŵanakazi 42 ŵaliwose, yumoza wakafwanga.
Mu 2006, wupu wa ŵadokotala ku Zimbabwe ukachiska Mugabe kuti wawovwire ŵadokotala awo ŵakusuzgika. Mu 2009, chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu awo ŵali na HIV ku Zimbabwe chikaŵa 14 peresenti pa ŵanthu ŵa vyaka 15-49. Wupu wa UNESCO ukayowoya kuti ŵanakazi awo ŵali na nthumbo ŵali na HIV, ndipo ŵakakhira kufuma pa 26% mu 2002 kufika pa 21% mu 2004. Kuzakafika mu 2016, chiŵelengero cha HIV/AIDS chikakhira kufika pa 13.5% pakuyaniska na 40% mu 1998.
Msambilo
Ku Africa, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakumanya kulemba na kulemba. Mu 2013, chiŵelengero ichi chikafika pa 90.70%. Chiŵelengero ichi ntchichoko chomene pakuyaniska na 92 peresenti iyo yikalembeka mu 2010 na United Nations Development Programme na 97.0 peresenti iyo yikalembeka mu 2002 apo palembeka 80.4 peresenti mu 1992.
Ŵanthu awo ŵali na ndalama zinandi ŵakupeleka ŵana ŵawo ku masukulu ghakujiyimira paŵekha. Mu 1980, masukulu ghakazgoka ghawanangwa, kweni kwambira mu 1988, boma likusazgirako ndalama izo ŵanthu ŵakulipira pa sukulu. Dipatimenti ya vya masambiro mu Zimbabwe ndiyo yikwendeska masukulu gha boma, kweni ndalama izo masukulu ghakujiyimira ghakupokera zikufuma ku boma. Dipatimenti ya vya masambiro yikati ŵasambizgi 20,000 ŵali kufumamo mu Zimbabwe kwambira mu 2007 ndipo hafu ya ŵana ŵa mu Zimbabwe ŵandafike pa sukulu. Kusambira kukasuzgika comene cifukwa ca suzgo la cuma ilo likaŵako mu 2000, ndipo ŵasambizgi ŵakamba kugwentha cifukwa ca malipiro ghacoko, ŵana ŵa sukulu ŵakatondekanga kuŵika maghanoghano ghawo pa ivyo ŵakasambiranga cifukwa ca njara, kweniso mtengo wa yunifomu ukakwera comene. Ŵasambizgi nawo ŵakaŵa cimoza mwa vilato vikuru vya kuyuzgika kwa Mugabe cifukwa wakaghanaghananga kuti mbakugomezgeka yayi.
Mu charu ichi, masambiro ghakwamba ghakwenda vyaka viŵiri, vyaka vinkhondi na viŵiri vya masambiro ghakwamba na vyaka vinkhondi na viŵiri vya masambiro gha sekondare. Chaka cha masambiro ku Zimbabwe chikufuma mu Janyuwale mpaka Disembala, ndipo pali masambiro ghatatu agho ghakupambana mwezi umoza. Masambiro gha cigaŵa ghacitikanga mu Novembala mu nyengo ya cigaŵa cacitatu.
Ku Zimbabwe kuli maunivesite 7 gha boma kweniso maunivesite ghanayi agho ghakukolerana na matchalitchi. Yunivesite ya Zimbabwe, iyo yikaŵa yakwamba kweniso yikuru chomene, yikazengeka mu 1952 ndipo yikaŵa mu tawuni ya Mount Pleasant ku Harare. Ŵanyake awo ŵakasambirako ku yunivesite ya Zimbabwe ni Welshman Ncube, Peter Moyo, Tendai Biti, Chenjerai Hove na Arthur Mutambara. Ŵandyali ŵanandi mu boma la Zimbabwe ŵali kusambira masambiro gha ku yunivesite ya ku United States panji ku vyaru vinyake.
National University of Science and Technology ni yunivesite yaciŵiri yikuru comene ya ku Zimbabwe iyo yili ku Bulawayo. Wakapangika mu 1991. Yunivesite ya National University of Science and Technology yikuyezgayezga kuti yiŵe yunivesite yakumanyikwa mu Zimbabwe na kumwera kwa Africa. Africa University ni yunivesite ya United Methodist ku Manicaland iyo yikukopa ŵana ŵa sukulu kufuma ku vyaru vya ku Africa 36.
Kuyana kwa ŵanalume na ŵanakazi
Ŵanakazi ku Zimbabwe ŵakutondeka pa vigaŵa vinandi nga ni vya vyachuma, ndyali, na vya umoyo wa ŵanthu. Lipoti la wupu wa UN ilo likafuma mu 2014, likati ŵanthu ŵa mu charu ichi ŵakusuzgika chomene chifukwa cha mitheto yawo, nkharo yawo, na chisopa chawo. Ŵanakazi ŵakuwona vinthu mwambura kwenelera, ndipo ivyo ŵanthu ŵakuchita vikuŵakhuŵazga kuti ŵagwirenge ntchito za ndalama. Dango la Zimbabwe lili na fundo izo zikovwira kuti ŵanalume na ŵanakazi ŵaŵe ŵakuyana waka, kweni maukaboni ghakulongora kuti dango ili likugwiriskika makora yayi ndipo likugwira ntchito mwakuchedwa. Mu Disembala 2016, wupu wa International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies ukachita kafukufuku kuti umanye umo ŵangagwiliskira ntchito makora fundo zakovwira pa nkhani ya nkhaza za ŵanalume na ŵanakazi. Ŵakasanga kuti nkhaza izo zikucitikira ŵanakazi na ŵasungwana zikusazgikira mu vigaŵa ivyo vyaŵa na masoka (vivula, chilangalanga, na matenda) kweni palije uyo wangamanya unandi wake. Vinthu vinyake ivyo vikutondeska ŵanthu kumazga nkhaza izi ni masuzgo gha vyachuma agho ghakutondeska ŵanthu kuzomerezga nkhaza za kugonana. Kweniso, maboma agho ghakovwira ŵanthu kumanya makora nkhani izi kweniso kupeleka wovwiri ku ŵanthu awo ŵakusuzgika na vigeŵenga, ghalije ndalama zakukwana ndipo ghakutondeka kufiska milimo yawo. Wupu wa United Nations nawo ukaŵakhozga kuti ŵaleke kuchita vinthu ivi.
Kanandi ŵanakazi ŵakuwoneka nga mbambura kuzirwa, ŵakuŵawona nga ni vinthu vyambura kuzirwa, ndipo ŵakuŵawona kuti mbakuzirwa yayi mu mbiri na vinjeru vya ŵanthu. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ŵakugomezga kuti ŵana ŵanalume ndiwo ŵakuzirwa chomene kuluska ŵana ŵanakazi. Mazgu agho ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuyowoya mu khoti ghakuti "vakadzi ngavanyarare", ghakung'anamura kuti "ŵanakazi ŵakwenera kukhala chete". Kuyuzgika kwa ŵanakazi mu Zimbabwe, ndiposo maluso gha cikaya agho ghakuŵakanizga kuŵa ŵantchito, kwapangiska kuti ŵanakazi ŵafwe na kujipeleka kuti ŵalute panthazi pa nchito mwakuti ŵafiske mulimo wawo wa kuŵa ŵawoli, ŵamama, na ŵantchito.. Ŵanakazi ŵakusambizgika kuti ŵaleke kukana para ŵafumu ŵawo ŵakukhumba kugonana nawo, nangauli ŵakumanya kuti ŵali na HIV cifukwa ca kuleka kugomezgeka. Cifukwa ca kucita nthena, ŵanakazi ŵa ku Zimbabwe ŵa vyaka vyapakati pa 15 na 49 ŵali na nthenda ya HIV pa ciŵelengero ca 16.1% ndipo ŵalipo 62% pa ŵanthu wose awo ŵali na nthenda iyi.
Ŵanakazi ŵa ku Zimbabwe ŵakukumana na masuzgo pa umoyo wawo wa nchito, ndipo ivi vikukhwaska masambiro ghawo, luso lawo, na umo ŵakukulira. Mu 2009, magazini ya South African Journal of Education yikati nangauli ŵasambizgi ŵanandi ŵa masukulu gha pulayimale ŵakaŵa ŵakwenelera kupika maudindo, kweni palije uyo wakapempha ntchito. Ŵanakazi aŵa ŵakajiwonanga kuti mbakuyana yayi na ŵanalume ndipo ŵakagomezganga kuti mulimo wawo wa kuŵa muwoli na mama ngwakuzirwa chomene kuluska milimo yinyake yose. Ŵanakazi awo ŵakafumbika pa kafukufuku uyu ŵakaŵa na maghanoghano ghambura kwenelera, agho ghangaŵa ghakukolerana na maudindo ghawo mu gulu kweniso maghanoghano gha ŵanakazi. Mu 2016, wupu wa FAO ukasanga kuti ŵanakazi 60 pera ndiwo ŵakagwiranga ntchito za mu vyaru vinyake. Ŵanakazi ndiwo ŵakagwiranga nchito zinandi za ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵa na masambiro ghacoko, nga ni 70% ya ŵanthu awo ŵakagwiranga nchito mu vyaru vya viŵeto, kweni ŵakagwiranga nchito pa 16.7% na 21% pera mu maboma gha mu vigaŵa vyawo na mu vyaru vyawo. Mu vigaŵa vya boma, ŵanakazi ndiwo ŵakaŵa na mazaza ghakukwana 14% mu Nyumba ya Malango ya Zimbabwe na 33% mu Nyumba ya Malango ya ku Zimbabwe, nangauli chiŵelengero cha ŵanalume chikaŵa 0.95 pa mwanakazi yumoza. Kuti ŵamazge suzgo la kusankhana kwa ŵanalume na ŵanakazi, wupu wa UN ukuwovwira kuti ŵanakazi ŵalutilire kuŵa na maudindo ghapachanya, nga ni ŵalongozgi ŵa masukulu. Kwizira mu ndondomeko izi, caru ca Zimbabwe caŵa na mwaŵi wa kumazga mphambano ya ŵanalume na ŵanakazi pa nkhani ya sukulu: Ŵanalume 50.5% ŵakuŵazga masukulu gha sekondare pakuyaniska na ŵanakazi 49.5%.
Ku Zimbabwe ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakusuzgika na nkhaza za pa nyumba na za kugonana. Pakuti ŵanthu wose yayi awo ŵakukoleka ŵakuyowoyeka, ciŵelengero ca ŵanthu awo ŵakukoleka cikuŵa cikuru comene. Pa nyengo ya 2010 m'paka 2016, chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu awo ŵakachichizgikanga kuti ŵatoleke chikakwera na 42%. Pa nkhaza zose izo zikucitikira ŵasungwana na ŵanakazi mu Zimbabwe, 78 peresenti zikucitikira ŵafumu ŵawo, ŵadada ŵawo, panji ŵanyawo ŵa mu nthengwa. Malipoti gha UNICEF ghakulongora kuti msungwana yumoza pa ŵasungwana ŵatatu waliyose uyo wakukura mu Zimbabwe wakusuzgika pambere wandakwaniske vyaka 18. Ŵasungwana kanandi ŵakucimbira na ŵanalume ŵalara msinkhu para mwaŵi wawo wakusambira ulije. Ŵapolisi ŵakutemwa yayi kupenja ŵanalume awo ŵakuchita nkhaza pa nyumba panji ŵasungwana awo ŵakuchimbira na ŵanalume ŵalara msinkhu. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakugomezga kuti nkhaza ni nthowa yakulongolera nkhongono na citemwa. Wupu wa Zimbabwe Women's Lawyers Association ni wupu uwo ukovwira kuti malango gha boma gha 2013 ghalondezgeke. Wupu uwu ukupeleka mapulogiramu agho ghakovwira ŵanakazi kumanya makora wanangwa wawo na kuŵapa mwaŵi wa kulimbana na nkhaza za pa nyumba na za kugonana.
Mwambo
Mu charu cha Zimbabwe muli mitheto yakupambanapambana, ndipo ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Shona ŵakugomezga chomene vinthu ivi. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Shona ŵali na vikozgo vinandi.
Pa 18 Epulero, 1980, charu cha Zimbabwe chikamba kujithemba. Maholide agha ghakuchitikira ku National Sports Stadium panji Rufaro Stadium ku Harare. Ungano wakwamba wa kujithemba ukacitika mu 1980 pa Zimbabwe Grounds. Pa viphikiro ivi, ŵakufumiska nkhunda kuti ŵalongore mtende. Moto wa wanangwa ukuŵala na pulezidenti pamanyuma pa viphikiro vya mbumba ya pulezidenti na ŵasilikari ŵa Zimbabwe. Kweniso pulezidenti wakuyowoya nkhani ku ŵanthu ŵa ku Zimbabwe iyo yikuŵa pa TV ku awo ŵangakwaniska yayi kwiza ku sitediyamu. Mu charu cha Zimbabwe mukuŵaso chiphikiro cha kutowa cha Miss Heritage Zimbabwe icho chikuchitika chaka chilichose kwambira mu 2012.
Maluso
Ŵanthu ŵa ku Zimbabwe ŵakutemwa kupanga vinthu nga ni viŵiya, matumba, vyakuvwara, majuda, na vyakuŵaja. Vinthu vinyake ivyo vikumanyikwa chomene ni makapu na vitanda ivyo vikuŵa mu khuni limoza. Vikozgo vya Ŵashona, ivyo vili na mbiri yitali, vikamba kusintha mu nyengo yasono pakati pa vyaka vya m'ma 1900 ndipo vikamba kutchuka pa charu chose. Vinthu vinandi ivyo ŵanthu ŵakuvwara vikuŵa vya viyuni na ŵanthu. Vinthu ivi ŵakuvivwara na malibwe nga ni soapstone, kweniso malibwe ghanyake nga ni serpentine na verdite. Vinthu vya ku Zimbabwe vingasangika mu vyaru nga ni Singapore, China na Canada. Cikozgo ca Dominic Benhura mu Singapore Botanic Gardens.
Vinthu vyakuŵaja vya Ŵashona vilipo m'paka sono, ndipo ivyo ŵakuŵaja mazuŵa ghano vikukolerana na mitheto ya ku Africa na ku Europe. Ŵanthu awo ŵakumanyikwa chomene ku Zimbabwe ni Nicholas, Nesbert na Anderson Mukomberanwa, Tapfuma Gutsa, Henry Munyaradzi na Locardia Ndandarika. Pa caru cose, ŵanthu ŵakuŵaja vyakuvwara ŵa ku Zimbabwe ŵakhwaska ŵanthu ŵaphya, comenecomene ŵa ku America ŵa mitundu yakufipa.
Ŵalembi ŵanandi ŵakumanyikwa mu Zimbabwe na kunyake. Charles Mungoshi wakumanyikwa chomene mu Zimbabwe chifukwa cha kulemba nkhani za mu Chingelezi na Chishona, ndipo mabuku ghake ghakuguliskika chomene na ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yose. Catherine Buckle wali kuzomerezgeka pa caru cose na mabuku ghake ghaŵiri African Tears na Beyond Tears agho ghakulongosora masuzgo agho wakakumana nagho cifukwa ca kusintha kwa malo mu 2000. Mulara wa boma wakwamba wa Rhodesia, Ian Smith, wakalemba mabuku ghaŵiri, The Great Betrayal na Bitter Harvest. Buku la The House of Hunger la Dambudzo Marechera likapokera chawanangwa ku UK mu 1979 ndipo buku lakwamba la Doris Lessing la The Grass Is Singing, mabuku ghanayi ghakwambilira gha Children of Violence, kweniso buku la nkhani zicoko waka la African Stories ghakalembeka ku Rhodesia. Mu 2013, buku la NoViolet Bulawayo lakuti We Need New Names likaŵa pa chigaŵa cha mphotho ya Booker. Buku ili likulongosora umo ŵanthu ŵakasuzgikiranga na kusama chifukwa cha nkhaza izo ŵanthu ŵa ku Zimbabwe ŵakachitiranga ŵanthu pa nyengo ya nkhondo ya Gukurahundi.
Ŵalendo ŵanyake ŵakumanyikwa ni Henry Mudzengerere na Nicolas Mukomberanwa. Nkhani yinyake iyo yikuyowoyeka kanandi waka mu luso lwa ku Zimbabwe njakuti ŵanthu ŵakusintha na kuŵa vinyama. Ŵakwimba ŵa ku Zimbabwe nga ni Thomas Mapfumo, Oliver Mtukudzi, Bhundu Boys; Stella Chiweshe, Alick Macheso na Audius Mtawarira ŵamanyikwa pa caru cose. Ŵazungu awo mbacoko ŵakutemwa comene maseŵero agha, ndipo pali magulu ghanandi agho ghakucita maseŵero agha.
Vyakuphika
Nga umo viliri mu vyaru vinandi vya mu Africa, ŵanthu ŵanandi ku Zimbabwe ŵakurya vyakurya vichoko waka. "Mealie meal", iyo yikumanyikwaso na zina lakuti cornmeal, yikugwiliskirika nchito pakunozga sadza panji isitshwala, kweniso porridge yakucemeka bota panji ilambazi. Sadza wakupangika mwa kusanganiska tirigu na maji kuti wapangike. Para wakuphika kwa maminiti ghacoko waka, wakusazgako tirigu munyake kuti wakukore. Kanandi ŵanthu ŵakurya nyama iyi pa nyengo ya chakurya cha muhanya panji chakurya cha mise. Sadza wakulyeka pamoza na mkaka wakukaŵa, uwo ukumanyikwa na zina lakuti "lacto" (mukaka wakakora), panji sardine wakomira wa ku Tanganyika. Bota ni chiŵiya chichoko chomene, icho chikuphika kwambura kusazgako tirigu. Kanandi munthu wakurya Bota pa cakurya ca mulenji.
Para ŵanthu ŵakumalizga masambiro ghawo, para ŵakutora panji kutengwa, kweniso pa viphikiro vinyake vya mbumba, kanandi ŵakukoma mbuzi panji ng'ombe.