cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Goght
Goght ni muzi mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Kotayk, mu charu cha Armenia.
Trey Songz
Tremaine Aldon Neverson (siku lakubabikila Novembea 28, 1984),ngwakwimba uyo wakufumila mu chalo cha USA.
Aurolzmünster
Aurolzmünster ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Decatur County, Georgia
Decatur County, Georgia ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Georgia mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Georgia lina tumisumba 159 mukwati mwake (counties) ndipo ni boma la nambala 24 mu ukulu wa malo kweneso nda nambala  8 pa mndandanda wa maboma gha United States agho ghana ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene.
Castelnau-le-Lez
Castelnau-le-Lez ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Occitania, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Auch
Auch ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Occitania, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Bourg-la-Reine
Bourg-la-Reine ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Île-de-France, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Ngouga
Ngouga ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Bamingui-Bangoran kumpoto kwa Central African Republic.
Vaalbank, Ephraim Mogale
Vaalbank, Ephraim Mogale ni muzi mu msumba wa Ephraim Mogale, mu boma likulu la Sekhukhune District Municipality, chigaŵa chikulu cha Limpopo, mu charu cha South Africa.
Pelayo (Ranchuelo)
Pelayo (Ranchuelo) ni msumba mu boma la Ranchuelo, Chigaŵa cha Villa Clara, charu cha Cuba.
Kalimachoka,Chiradzulu
Kalimachoka ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Chiradzulu,chigaŵa cha kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Rosebank, Gauteng
Rosebank, Gauteng ni ni msumba udoko mu msumba ukulu wa Johannesburg (Chigaŵa B), mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa, ku mmwela kwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Frontignan
Frontignan ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Occitania, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Becky G
Rebbeca Marie Gomez (siku lakubabikila Malichi 2, 1997) ngwakwimba uyo wakufumila mu chalo cha USA.
Chamba, Machinga
Chamba ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Machinga,chigaŵa cha kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Osvaldo Herrera (Ranchuelo)
Osvaldo Herrera (Ranchuelo) ni msumba mu boma la Ranchuelo, Chigaŵa cha Villa Clara, charu cha Cuba.
Bad Hall
Bad Hall ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Tinie Tempah
Patrick Chukwuemeka Okogwu (siku lakubabikila  7 Novemba 1988) ngwakwimba uyo wakufumila mu chalo cha  England.
Colomiers
Colomiers ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Occitania, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Tšhikanoši, Limpopo
Tšhikanoši, Limpopo ni muzi mu msumba wa Ephraim Mogale, mu boma likulu la Sekhukhune District Municipality, chigaŵa chikulu cha Limpopo, mu charu cha South Africa.
Rick Ross
William Leonard Roberts II (siku lakubabikila Janyuwale 28, 1976) ngwakwimba uyo wakufumila mu chalo cha USA.
Wuhan Jianghan University F.C.
Wuhan Jianghan University F.C. (ChiChinese: 武汉江汉大学足球俱乐部) ndi China akatswiri mpira club ili mu Wuhan. Ŵakuchita maseŵero agha mu mpikisano wa Super League wa ŵanakazi wa ku China, ndipo malo ghawo ni Tazihu Football Training Center.
Mbili
Wuhan Jianghan University F.C. yikapangika mu chaka cha 2001 nga ni mgwirizano pakati pa Jianghan University na Wuhan football association.
Mu chaka cha 2017, timu iyi yikapoka chipharazgo chakwamba mu mdauko wake, yikapoka chipharazgo cha 2017 China Women's League One kuti yikapoke chipharazgo cha China Women's Super League kwa nyengo yakwamba mu mdauko wake. Mu 2018 China Women's Super League nyengo, iwo anamaliza wachinayi.
Mu 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup iwo ŵakaŵa na ŵimiliri ŵankhondi mu China national team awo ŵakasankhika ku mpikisano. Pambuyo pa mpikisanowu, adasainiranso wosewera wakale Wang Shuang pambuyo pa nyengo ku Paris Saint-Germain isanachitike kampeni ya 2019 China Women's Super League.
Apel, Limpopo
Apel, Limpopo ni muzi mu msumba wa Fetakgomo Tubatse, mu boma likulu la Sekhukhune District Municipality, chigaŵa chikulu cha Limpopo, mu charu cha South Africa.
DJ Khaled
Khaled Mohammed Khaled (siku lakubabikila Novemba 26, 1975) ngwakwimba uyo wakufumila mu chalo cha USA.
Bad Leonfelden
Bad Leonfelden ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Bad Ischl
Bad Ischl ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Agde
Agde ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Occitania, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Carrie Underwood
Carrie Marie Underwood (siku lakubabikila Malichi pa 10, 1983) ngwakwimba uyo wakufumila mu chalo cha USA.
Hatsavan, Kotayk
Hatsavan, Kotayk ni muzi mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Kotayk, mu charu cha Armenia.
Bogalatladi
Bogalatladi ni muzi mu msumba wa Fetakgomo Tubatse, mu boma likulu la Sekhukhune District Municipality, chigaŵa chikulu cha Limpopo, mu charu cha South Africa.
Carlos Caraballo (Ranchuelo)
Carlos Caraballo (Ranchuelo) ni msumba mu boma la Ranchuelo, Chigaŵa cha Villa Clara, charu cha Cuba.
Debeila, Limpopo
Debeila, Limpopo ni muzi mu msumba wa Fetakgomo Tubatse, mu boma likulu la Sekhukhune District Municipality, chigaŵa chikulu cha Limpopo, mu charu cha South Africa.
Ellie Goulding
Elena Jane Goulding (siku lakubabikila 30 Desembala 1986) ngwakwimba uyo wakufumila mu chalo cha England.
La Campa (Ranchuelo)
La Campa (Ranchuelo) ni msumba mu boma la Ranchuelo, Chigaŵa cha Villa Clara, charu cha Cuba.
Gou Mbre
Gou Mbre ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Bamingui-Bangoran kumpoto kwa Central African Republic.
Bad Kreuzen
Bad Kreuzen ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Lunel, Hérault
Lunel, Hérault ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Occitania, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Driekop, Limpopo
Driekop, Limpopo ni muzi mu msumba wa Fetakgomo Tubatse, mu boma likulu la Sekhukhune District Municipality, chigaŵa chikulu cha Limpopo, mu charu cha South Africa.
Evans County, Georgia
Evans County, Georgia ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Georgia mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Georgia lina tumisumba 159 mukwati mwake (counties) ndipo ni boma la nambala 24 mu ukulu wa malo kweneso nda nambala  8 pa mndandanda wa maboma gha United States agho ghana ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene.
Castres
Castres ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Occitania, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Alès
Alès ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Occitania, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Bad Schallerbach
Bad Schallerbach ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Oerder Park
Oerder Park ni ni msumba udoko mu msumba ukulu wa Johannesburg (Chigaŵa B), mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa, ku mmwela kwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Dr. Dre
Andre Romelle Young (siku lakubabikila Febuluwale 18, 1965) ngwakwimba,ngwakupanga sumo kweneso ngwamalonda uyo wakufumila mu chalo cha USA.
Bleckley County, Georgia
Bleckley County, Georgia ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Georgia mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Georgia lina tumisumba 159 mukwati mwake (counties) ndipo ni boma la nambala 24 mu ukulu wa malo kweneso nda nambala  8 pa mndandanda wa maboma gha United States agho ghana ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene.
Burgersfort, Limpopo
Burgersfort, Limpopo ni muzi mu msumba wa Fetakgomo Tubatse, mu boma likulu la Sekhukhune District Municipality, chigaŵa chikulu cha Limpopo, mu charu cha South Africa.
La Majagua (Ranchuelo)
La Majagua (Ranchuelo) ni msumba mu boma la Ranchuelo, Chigaŵa cha Villa Clara, charu cha Cuba.
GaMaisela, Limpopo
GaMaisela, Limpopo ni muzi mu msumba wa Fetakgomo Tubatse, mu boma likulu la Sekhukhune District Municipality, chigaŵa chikulu cha Limpopo, mu charu cha South Africa.
Chikweo, Machinga
Chikweo ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Machinga,chigaŵa cha kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci, wakaŵa munthu wachi Italy uyu wakaŵa nkhwantha mu maluso ghanandi nthe: kuzenga kwa makina ghiphya, kujambula, kuŵaja vikozgo, akitekicha (ilo niluso lonozga ndondomeko zakawonekelo ka vyozenga), sayansi (luso lakusanga nakuŵika m'ndondomeko umanyi uwo ulufufuzika ndipo una umboni), sumi, samuzi, uinjiniya (luso logwiliska sayansi kuzenga Vinthu), vyolemba, anatome (vya umanyi wa viŵalo vya thupi la munthu), jiyoloje (sayansi ya Malibwe yamitundumi yapa charu), astronome (sayansi ya Vinthu vyamlengalenga), ubotani (sayansi ya vyomela) na upaleontolo (sayansi ya vyokhalira vya vinthu vya Kufwa).
Wakumanyika nga yumoza wa ŵankhwantha pa Charu chose na nyengo zose pa luso la kujambula, nangawuli Vyojambula 15 pela ndivyo vilipo mwahuno vyakhe. Chojambula chochemeka Mona Lisa ndicho chotchuka chomene Ichi iyo wakajambula ndipo chikumanyika pa Charu chose cha pasi. Vyojambula vyakhe vinyakhe ni nthe 'Mugonelo Waumalilo' na 'mwanulume wachi Vitruvia'.
Brad Paisley
Brad Douglas Paisley (siku lakubabikila Okutoba 28, 1972) ngwakwimba uyo wakufumila mu chalo cha USA.
Ne-Yo
Shaffer Chimere Smith (siku lakubabikila Okutobala 18, 1979), ngwakwimba uyo wakufumila mu chalo cha USA.
Millau
Millau ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Occitania, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Chinkwezule, Machinga
Chinkwezule ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Machinga,chigaŵa cha kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Muret
Muret ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Occitania, mu charu cha France mu chilwa chikulu cha Yulaya (Europe).
Rwanda
Rwanda (u Rwanda ),mwaboma, Charu cha Rwanda, ntcharu icho chili ku chigaŵa cha Great Rift Valley ku Central Africa, uko chigaŵa cha African Great Lakes chikukumana na kumwera kwa Africa. Charu cha Rwanda chili kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Equator, ndipo chili kufupi na Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi, na Democratic Republic of Congo. Charu ichi chili pachanya chomene, ndipo ŵanthu ŵakucichema kuti "charu cha tumapiri 1,000". Mu charu ichi muli mphepo yakuzizima chomene, ndipo chaka chilichose kukuŵa nyengo ziŵiri za vula na nyengo ziŵiri za chilangalanga. Charu ichi ndicho chili na ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene mu Africa. Msumba wake ukuru ni Kigali.
Jennifer Lopez
Jennifer Lynn "J.Lo" Lopez (siku lakubabikila Julayi 24, 1969) ngwakwimba uyo wakufumila mu chalo cha USA.
Baumgartenberg
Baumgartenberg ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Rwanda
Ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu chigaŵa ichi ŵakaŵa awo ŵakalondezganga ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Bantu. Ŵanthu ŵakamba kuzgoka mafuko, ndipo pamanyuma ŵakazgoka maufumu. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1500, ufumu unyake uwo ukalongozgekanga na Themba Gihanga, ukakolerana na vigaŵa vinyake ivyo vikaŵa pafupi na charu cha Rwanda. Ufumu wa Rwanda ndiwo ukaŵa na mazaza kwambira pakati pa vyaka vya m'ma 1800, ndipo mafumu gha Ŵatutsi ghakatimbanizganga ŵanyawo, na kuŵika mazaza ghawo paŵekha, kweniso ŵakakanizganga Ŵahutu. Mu 1897, caru ca Germany cikamba kulamulira caru ca Rwanda, ico cikaŵa cigaŵa ca German East Africa. Vyaru vyose viŵiri vya ku Europe vikawusa kwizira mwa fumu ya ku Rwanda ndipo vikalutilira kovwira Ŵatutsi. Mu 1959, Ŵahutu ŵakagaluka. Ŵakakoma Ŵatutsi ŵanandi ndipo ŵakambiska boma lakujiyimira paŵekha la Ŵahutu mu 1962, ilo likaŵa na pulezidenti Grégoire Kayibanda. Mu 1973, ŵasilikari ŵakamuwuskapo Kayibanda na kwiza na Juvénal Habyarimana ku boma. Mu 1990, gulu la Tutsi lakucemeka Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) likambiska nkhondo. Habyarimana wakakomeka mu Epulero 1994. Nkhondo ya ku Rwanda iyo yikatora mazuŵa 100, yikapangiska kuti paŵe mphindano. Gulu la RPF likamalizga kukoma ŵanthu mwa nkhondo mu Julayi 1994.
Nangauli vimbundi vikuru yayi mu charu cha Rwanda pakuyaniska na vyaru vinyake, kweni charu ichi chili na vimbundi vinandi chomene pa charu chose. Ŵanthu ŵa mu charu ichi mbawukirano ndipo ŵanandi ŵakukhala ku mizi. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Rwanda ŵakufuma ku fuko limoza pera, Ŵarwanda. Ndipouli, mu gulu ili muli magulu ghatatu: Ŵahutu, Ŵatutsi, na Ŵatwa. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Twa ŵakukhala mu nkhorongo ndipo kanandi ŵakuwoneka kuti mbana ŵa ŵanthu ŵakwambilira awo ŵakakhalanga mu charu cha Rwanda. Chikhristu ndicho ntchisopa chikuru chomene mu charu ichi. Chiyowoyero chikuru mu charu ichi ni Chikinyarwanda.
Vyaru vya ku Rwanda vikuthemba pa ulimi. Mu Rwanda, khofi na tiyi ni vyakurya vikuru ivyo ŵanthu ŵakuguliska. Ntchito ya kwendakwenda yikukura mwaluŵiro comene ndipo sono ndiyo yikupangiska ndalama zinandi mu caru ici. Charu ichi chili mu wupu wa African Union, United Nations, Commonwealth of Nations, COMESA, OIF na East African Community.
Mbili
Mtundu wakwambilira wa ŵanthu mu chigaŵa ichi ukaŵa mbumba (ubwoko). Ŵakaŵa ŵa mafuko ghanandi, ndipo ŵanandi ŵakaŵa Ŵahutu, Ŵatutsi, na Ŵatwa. Kwambira mu ma 1500, mafuko ghakamba kuzgoka maufumu. Ufumu unyake, uwo ukaŵa pasi pa Themba Gihanga, ukapanga vigaŵa vinandi ivyo vikaŵa pafupi na ufumu wa Rwanda. Kuzakafika mu 1700, mu caru ico sono cikucemeka Rwanda mukaŵa maufumu pafupifupi 8. Limoza mwa maufumu agha ni Ufumu wa Rwanda, uwo ukawusikanga na mbumba ya Tutsi Nyiginya. Ufumu uwu ukafika paheni chomene mu vyaka vya m'ma 1800 apo Themba Kigeli Rwabugiri likawusanga. Rwabugiri wakathereska vigaŵa vichoko waka, wakasazgirako ufumu wake kumanjiliro gha dazi na kumpoto, ndipo wakambiska vyakusintha mu boma. Mu vigaŵa ivi mukaŵa ubuhake, umo ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Tutsi ŵakapelekanga viŵeto ku ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Hutu panji Tutsi kuti ŵaŵateŵetere. Cifukwa ca kusintha kwa Rwabugiri, pakaŵa mphindano pakati pa Ŵahutu na Ŵatutsi. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Twa ŵakakhalanga makora kuluska mu nyengo iyo Ufumu ukaŵa kuti undaŵeko, ndipo ŵanyake ŵakayamba kuvina mu nyumba ya ufumu, kweni unandi wawo ukalutilira kuchepa.
Pa ungano wa ku Berlin mu 1884, ufumu wa Germany ukazomerezga kuti malo agha ghaŵe chigaŵa cha German East Africa. Mu 1894, Gustav Adolf von Götzen wakaŵa munthu wakwamba wa ku Europe kwambuka charu chose cha Rwanda. Mu 1897, caru ca Germany cikamba kukhala mu caru ca Rwanda cifukwa ca kukolerana na fumu, ndipo ici cikapangiska kuti caru ici ciŵe na mazaza pa caru ici. Ŵachijeremani ŵakasintha yayi umo vinthu vikaŵira mu charu, kweni ŵakakhozgeranga themba na ŵamazaza awo ŵakaŵapo kale. Ŵalongozgi ŵa charu cha Belgium ŵakanjilira mu vyaru vya Rwanda na Burundi mu 1916, mu nyengo ya Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Caru Cose, ndipo mu 1922, ŵakamba kuwusa vyaru vya Rwanda na Burundi nga ni gulu la vyaru ivyo vikacemekanga Ruanda-Urundi. Ŵasilikari ŵa ku Germany na Belgium, ŵakati ŵamba kugalukira boma la Britain, ŵakamba kuwona kuti Ŵahutu na Ŵahutu mbakupambana. Mu 1935, caru ca Belgium cikamba kupanga makadi ghakumanyikwa nagho munthu waliyose uyo ni Mututsi, Muhutu, Twa, panji munthu uyo wali na cikaya. Nangauli kale Ŵahutu awo ŵakaŵa ŵasambazi chomene ŵakazomerezgekanga kuŵa Ŵatutsi, kweni makadi agha ghakatondeskanga ŵanthu kusama.
Belgium yikalutilira kuwusa Ruanda-Urundi (uko Rwanda ukaŵa kumpoto kwake) nga ni cigaŵa ca UN pamanyuma pa Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Caru Cose.Vinthu vikasintha chomene pakati pa Ŵatutsi, awo ŵakakhumbanga kuti charu chiŵe na wanangwa, na Ŵahutu awo ŵakakhumbanga kuti charu chiŵe na wanangwa. Mu 1961, ŵanthu ŵa ku Belgium awo ŵakaŵa ku chigaŵa cha Ŵahutu, ŵakacita phangano la ŵanthu wose. Charu cha Rwanda chikapatukana na charu cha Burundi ndipo chikaŵa pa mtende pa Julayi 1, 1962. Kufuma apo, pakaŵaso nkhaza zinandi, ndipo Ŵakututsi awo ŵakaŵa ku wuzga ŵakaŵawukira kufuma ku vyaru vyapafupi. Mu 1973, Juvénal Habyarimana wakatora mazaza mwa kuwukira boma. Ŵanthu ŵakalutilira kusankhana mitundu, kweni vinthu vikendanga makora pa nkhani ya vyachuma ndipo nkhaza izo ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Tutsi ŵakachitiranga zikakwera. Ŵanthu ŵa fuko la Twa ŵakalutilira kukhala ku mizi, ndipo mu 1990 boma likaŵachimbizga mu nkhorongo. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Rwanda ŵakakwera kufuma pa 1.6 miliyoni mu 1934 kufika pa 7.1 miliyoni mu 1989, ndipo ichi chikapangiska kuti paŵe mpikisano wa malo.
Mu 1990, gulu lakugaluka lakucemeka Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), ilo likaŵa na ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Tutsi, likapoka caru ca kumpoto kwa Rwanda kufuma ku Uganda, ndipo likambiska nkhondo ya pa cikaya. Wupu uwu ukasuska boma la Ŵahutu cifukwa ca kutondeka kusinthiska vinthu na kumazga masuzgo gha ŵanthu aŵa. Pa nkhondo iyi, palije chigaŵa icho chikaŵa na mazaza, kweni mu 1992 mazaza gha Habyarimana ghakachepa. Kulekeska nkhondo kukamara pa 6 Epulero 1994 apo ndege ya Habyarimana yikadumulika kufupi na chiŵanja cha ndege cha Kigali, ndipo wakafwa. Kuwiskira pasi ndege iyi ndiko kukapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ku Rwanda ŵakomeke. Mu mazuŵa pafupifupi 100, ŵanthu pakati pa 500,000 na 1,000,000 ŵa mtundu wa Tutsi na Ŵahutu awo ŵakaŵa ŵakujiyuyura ŵakakomeka na boma la kanyengo. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Twa nawo ŵakakomeka, nangauli ŵakakomeka mwakudunjika yayi.
Ndale na boma
Pulezidenti wa Rwanda ni mutu wa boma, ndipo wali na mazaza ghakupambanapambana kusazgapo kupanga ndondomeko pamoza na Kabinete ya Rwanda, kugwiliskira nchito mazaza gha lusungu, kulongozga ŵasilikari, kuyowoyeskana na kuzomerezga mapangano, kusaina malango gha pulezidenti, na kupharazga nkhondo panji suzgo. Pa vilimika vinkhondi na viŵiri vilivyose, pulezidenti wakusankhika na ŵanthu, ndipo wakwimika nduna yikuru na mamembara ghanyake ghose gha nduna. Pulezidenti wa sono ni Paul Kagame, uyo wakamba kuwusa apo Pasteur Bizimungu, uyo wakaŵapo pambere iyo wandawuse, wakafumapo mu 2000. Pamanyuma, Kagame wakathereska mavoti mu 2003 na 2010. Nangauli mawupu ghakuvikilira wanangwa wa ŵanthu ghakususka kuti pa mavoti agha "pakaŵa nkhaza zinandi za ndyali na kukanizga wanangwa wa kuyowoya". Ndime 101 ya dango la chalo iyi yikaŵa kuti yikukanizga kuti pulezidenti wangakhalanga nyengo ziŵiri pera, kweni ivi vikasinthika mu 2015 apo pakaŵa fundo ya ŵanthu wose. Kwizira mu kusintha kwa dango ili, Kagame wangalutilira kuŵa pulezidenti mpaka mu 2034. Kagame wakasankhika kachitatu mu 2017 na mavoti 98.79%.
Ndondomeko iyi yikapokelereka mu 2003, ndipo yikanjira mu malo mwa ndondomeko iyo yikaŵa mu malo mwa 1994. Ndondomeko iyi yikukhumba kuti maboma gha vipani vinandi ghaŵepo. Ndipouli, dango likukanizga kuti ŵandyali ŵachitenge vinthu vinyake. Ndime 54 yikati "magulu gha ndyali ghakukanizgika kujendera mtundu, mtundu, fuko, mbumba, chigaŵa, kugonana, cisopa panji cigaŵa cinyake ico cingapangiska kusankhana". Kweniso boma la Russia laŵika malango ghakukanizga ŵanthu kusopa vikozgo. Kuyana na wupu wa Human Rights Watch, malango agha ghakupangiska kuti caru ca Rwanda ciŵe na boma la chipani cimoza, cifukwa "pakujibisa kuti cikukhumba kukanizga kukoma ŵanthu ŵanandi, boma likukana ŵanthu wose awo ŵakususka fundo za boma". Bungwe la Amnesty International nalo likususka; mu lipoti lake la mu 2014/15, likati malango agho ghakukanizga kuwukira panji kutimbanizga mtende pakati pa ŵanthu ghakugwiliskirika nchito kuti ŵanthu ŵakakike "pakuti ŵakulondezga wanangwa wawo wa kuwungana panji kuyowoya maghanoghano ghawo".
Nyumba ya Malamulo yili na vipinda viŵiri. Likupanga malango ndipo lili na mazaza ghakuwonera milimo ya pulezidenti na nduna. Nyumba ya mafumu yili na ŵanthu 80 ndipo waliyose wakuŵa na vyaka vinkhondi. Viŵalo 24 vya mu wupu uwu ni vya ŵanakazi, ndipo ŵakusankhika pa ungano wa ŵalara ŵa boma; viŵalo vinyake vitatu ni vya ŵawukirano na ŵanthu ŵakupendera. Kufumila pa mavoti gha 2018, banthu bakusoleka mu chalo ichi bakukhalapo ŵanakazi 49, kufuma pa 51 mu chaka cha 2013. Nyumba yikuru ya malango ni Senate, iyo yili na ŵanthu 26, ndipo ŵanthu awo ŵakuyimilira ŵakusoleka na maboma ghakupambanapambana. Ŵanakazi ndiwo ŵakwenera kuŵa pa ciŵelengero ca ŵapharazgi 30 pa 100. Ŵabali ŵa mu wupu wakuwona vya wanangwa wa ŵanthu ŵakuteŵetera vyaka 8. (Wonaniso Gender equality in Rwanda.) Ndondomeko ya malango ya ku Rwanda yikukolerana comene na malango gha boma la Germany na Belgium kweniso malango gha cikaya. Ŵeruzgi ŵakujiyimira ŵekha, nangauli pulezidenti na Senate ndiwo ŵakwimika ŵeruzgi ŵa Khoti Likuru Chomene. Wupu wa Human Rights Watch wawonga boma la Rwanda chifukwa cha ivyo likucita pakupeleka urunji, kusazgapo kuwuskapo cilango ca nyifwa, kweni ukuyowoya kuti ŵanthu ŵa boma ŵakunjilirapo pa vyeruzgo, nga ni kwimika ŵeruzgi cifukwa ca ndyali, kugwiliskira nchito uheni mazaza gha ŵeruzgi, na kuŵasuzga kuti ŵeruzgi ŵachitenge vinthu vinyake. Pa malango gha boma pali mitundu yiŵiri ya makhoti: ghacilendo na ghapadera. Makhoti ghakurughakuru ni Khoti Likuru Chomene, Khoti Likuru Chomene, na makhoti gha vigaŵa, apo makhoti ghakupambanapambana ni makhoti gha ŵasilikari kweniso makhoti gha malonda agho ghakaŵako mu 2011 kuti ghapwelelere milandu ya malonda. Pakati pa 2004 na 2012, makhoti gha Gacaca ghakaŵako. Khoti la Gacaca, ilo ni khoti la ku Rwanda ilo likwendeskeka na ŵanthu ŵa mu mizi na vikaya, likaŵasopo kuti lichitiske luŵiro milandu ya ŵanthu awo ŵakukayikira kuti ŵakakomeka. Khoti ili likawuskapo milandu yinandi ya kukoma ŵanthu, kweni ŵanthu ŵakususka kuti likulondezga yayi malango.
Chinguni, Machinga
Chinguni ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Machinga,chigaŵa cha kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Rwanda
Ndale na boma
Mu 2014, wupu wa Transparency International ukawona kuti charu cha Rwanda ntchakutowa chomene pa vyaru 47 vya ku Sub-Saharan Africa, ndipo ntchakutowa chomene pa vyaru 55 pa vyaru 175. Ndondomeko ya boma yikupanga ombudsman, uyo wali na mulimo wa kukanizga na kulimbana na vimbundi. Ndondomeko ya boma yikukhumba kuti ŵalara ŵa boma (nga ni pulezidenti) ŵapharazge vya usambazi wawo kwa ombudsman na ku ŵanthu. Nangauli vili nthena, wupu wa Human Rights Watch ukuwona kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakusuzgika chifukwa cha ndyali mu charu chose ichi, kusazgapo kukakika mwambura kuzomerezgeka na ŵanthu ŵanyake, kuwofyeka panji kofya ŵanthu, kuzgoreka mulandu chifukwa cha ndyali, na kukoma ŵanthu awo ŵakasuskanga mwa mtende.
Gulu la Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) ndilo likulamulira chomene mu charu ichi kwambira mu 1994. RPF yasungilira mazaza gha pulezidenti na pharalamende mu mavoti gha charu chose, ndipo chiŵerengero cha mavoti gha chipani ichi chikuluta 70%. Gulu la RPF likuwoneka nga ni chipani icho ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Tutsi ndiwo ŵakulongozga, kweni likupokelera wovwiri kufuma mu vyaru vyose, ndipo likuzomerezgeka kuti likovwira kuti paŵe mtende, kukhazikika, na kukura kwa chuma. Kuyana na lipoti la wupu wakuvikilira wanangwa wa ŵanthu wa Freedom House wa mu 2015, boma likukanizga wanangwa wa magulu ghakwimikana na boma cifukwa cakuti RPF "yikatondeska vyaru viphya kujilembeska na kukora ŵalongozgi ŵa vyaru vinyake ivyo vikaŵapo kale, ndipo ŵakaŵakanizga kupeleka ŵanthu awo ŵakakhumbanga kunjira mu mavoti". Bungwe la Amnesty International likuyowoyaso kuti RPF yikulongozga Rwanda "kwambura wakususka".
Charu cha Rwanda chili mu wupu wa United Nations, African Union, Francophonie, East African Community, na Commonwealth of Nations. Kwa vilimika vinandi mu nyengo ya muwuso wa Habyarimana, caru ici cikaŵa paubwezi wakukhora na caru ca France, kweniso na Belgium, caru ico kale cikaŵa pasi pa caru ici. Ndipouli, pasi pa muwuso wa RPF, caru ca Rwanda cikukhumba kukolerana comene na vyaru vyapafupi mu East African Community ndiposo caru ca ciyowoyero ca Cingelezi. Vyaru ivi vikamba kwendera lumoza na boma la France mu 2006 pamanyuma pakuti khoti la ku France lazenga mulandu ŵalara ŵa boma la Rwanda. Ubale na Democratic Republic of the Congo ukaŵa wakusuzga cifukwa cakuti Rwanda yikaŵapo pa Nkhondo Yakwamba na Yachiŵiri ya ku Congo. Mu 2010, wupu wa United Nations ukafumiska lipoti ilo likaphalira ŵasilikari ŵa ku Rwanda kuti ŵakachitanga viheni vikuruvikuru na kuswa wanangwa wa ŵanthu mu Democratic Republic of Congo mu nyengo ya Nkhondo Yakwamba na Yachiŵiri ya ku Congo. Ubwezi wawo ukakhora comene mu 2012, apo boma la Kinshasa likayowoya kuti caru ca Rwanda cikovwira gulu lakugaluka la M23, ilo lili kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Congo. Kuzakafika mu 2015, mtende waŵaso ndipo vinthu vikwenda makora. Ubwezi wa Rwanda na Uganda ukaŵa wakusuzga mu vyaka vya m'ma 2000 pamanyuma pa nkhondo ya mu 1999 pakati pa ŵasilikari ŵa vyaru viŵiri apo ŵakakhozgeranga magulu gha ŵakugaluka mu Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya ku Congo, kweni ukakhora chomene mu vyaka vya m'ma 2010. Mu chaka cha 2019, ubwezi pakati pa vyaru viŵiri ivi ukasuzgika, ndipo Rwanda yikajara mphaka zake na Uganda.
Kugawikana kwa boma
Pambere ŵanthu ŵa ku vyaru vya kumanjiliro gha dazi ŵandambe kulamulira charu ichi, boma la Rwanda likaŵa na ndondomeko ya ndyali. Nangauli pakaŵa ndondomeko yakukwana, kweni boma lakwamba likakhazikiskanga ndondomeko yakukolerana ya "maufumu ghakupambanapambana". Mu nyengo ya themba, mulongozgi uyo wakasankhika ndiyo wakalamuliranga chigaŵa icho chikagaŵika mu vigaŵa vinandi. Ŵalaraŵalara ŵaŵiri awo ŵakimikika na mulongozgi wa vigaŵa ŵakalongozganga vigaŵa; mulara yumoza wakapika mazaza pa malo apo munyake wakalaŵiliranga viŵeto. Themba (mwami) likaŵa na vigaŵa, vigaŵa, tumapiri, na vigaŵa. Kufumira mu 2003, malango gha charu cha Rwanda ghakagaŵa vigaŵa (intara), vigaŵa (uturere), misumba, matawuni, vigaŵa (imirenge), maselo (utugari), na mizi (imidugudu); vigaŵa vikuruvikuru, na mphaka zawo, vikupangika na pharalamende. Mu Janyuwale 2006, charu cha Rwanda chikasinthika ndipo chigaŵa chimoza chikaŵa na vigaŵa 12, ndipo chigaŵa chinyake chikaŵa na vigaŵa 30. Malire agho ghalipo sono, agho ghakalembeka mu 2006, ghakukhumba kuti ŵanthu ŵaleke kuŵa na mazaza pa charu chose kweniso kuti ŵaleke kukolerana na ndondomeko yakale na kukoma ŵanthu. Vyaru vikuruvikuru ivyo vikaŵa na vigaŵa 12 vikaŵa na vigaŵa vinkhondi. Malo agha ni Northern Province, Southern Province, Eastern Province, Western Province, na Municipality of Kigali mu pakati.
Vigaŵa vinkhondi ivi vikovwira kuti boma na vigaŵa vyawo viŵe paubwezi. Ndondomeko ya Rwanda Decentralization Strategic Framework iyo yikapangika na Unduna wa Vyaru yikuphalira vigaŵa kuti viŵe na mulimo wa "kurongozga vinthu vyakukhwaskana na muwuso mu vigaŵa, kweniso kulaŵilira na kupima". Chigaŵa chilichose chikulongozgeka na kazembe, uyo wakusankhika na pulezidenti na kuzomerezgeka na Senate. Vigaŵa ivi ni ivyo vikulaŵilira mulimo wa kupeleka mauteŵeti gha boma na kukhozga chuma. Ŵakugaŵikana mu vigaŵa, ndipo vigaŵa ivi ndivyo vikupeleka mauteŵeti gha boma. Vigaŵa na vigaŵa vikuŵa na makonsili agho ghakuwusika na ŵanthu, ndipo ghakulongozgeka na komiti iyo yikusankhika na makonsili agha. Vipinda na vikaya ni vigaŵa vichoko comene vya ndyali, ndipo vikovwira ŵanthu na vigaŵa. Ŵanthu wose ŵakukhwima awo ŵakukhala mu cigaŵa ici ŵali mu wupu wa vigaŵa vyawo, uwo ukuŵa na wupu wakulamulira. Msumba wa Kigali ni boma la chigaŵa, ilo likulaŵilira ndondomeko ya vinthu vya mu tawuni.
Makhalilo gha charu
Pa malo ghakukwana 26,338 square kilometres (10,169 sq mi), Rwanda ni chalo cha 149 pa vyaru vikuruvikuru pa charu chose chapasi, ndipo ndico nchigaŵa cacinayi pa vyaru vikuruvikuru mu Africa pamanyuma pa Gambia, Eswatini, na Djibouti. Charu ichi chili nga ni Burundi, Haiti, na Albania. Charu chose chili pachanya chomene. Malo ghachoko chomene ni Mlonga wa Rusizi. Charu cha Rwanda chili ku Central/Eastern Africa, ndipo chili na mphaka na Democratic Republic of Congo kumanjiliro gha dazi, Uganda kumpoto, Tanzania kumafumiro gha dazi, na Burundi kumwera. Charu ichi chili ku malo ghapacanya comene ndipo kulije maji. Msumba ukuru wa Kigali uli pafupi na pakati pa charu cha Rwanda.
Malo agho ghakukolerana na maji gha mu Congo na Nile ghakwenda kufuma kumpoto kuya kumwera mu Rwanda, ndipo pafupifupi 80% ya malo gha mu charu ichi ghakukhira mu Nile na 20% mu Congo kwizira mu Mlonga wa Rusizi na Nyanja ya Tanganyika. Mlonga utali comene wa mu caru ici ni Nyabarongo, uwo ukufuma kumwera ca kumanjiliro gha dazi, ukuyerera kumpoto, kumafumiro gha dazi, na kumwera kwa kumafumiro gha dazi pambere undapange Kagera. Mlonga wa Nyabarongo-Kagera ukuthira mu Nyanja ya Victoria, ndipo uko ukufuma mu nkhorongo ya Nyungwe ndiko kukumanyikwa uko Nile yikufuma. Ku Rwanda kuli nyanja zinandi, ndipo yikuru comene ni Nyanja ya Kivu. Nyanja iyi yikukhala pasi pa Albertine Rift mumphepete mwa mphaka ya kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa charu cha Rwanda, ndipo njimoza mwa nyanja zakunyang'amira chomene pa charu chapasi. Maziŵa ghanyake ghakuru ni Burera, Ruhondo, Muhazi, Rweru, na Ihema.
Mu chigaŵa chapakati na kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa charu cha Rwanda muli mapiri, ndipo nyengo zinyake charu ichi chikuchemeka "Pays des mille collines" mu Chifurenchi. Chigaŵa ichi chili ku mapiri gha Albertine Rift Mountains, agho ghakukolerana na chigaŵa cha East African Rift, icho chikwenda kufuma kumpoto kuya kumwera kufupi na mphaka ya kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa charu cha Rwanda. Vipiri vikuruvikuru vikusangika mu Virunga volcano chain ku northwest; ichi chikusazgapo Phiri la Karisimbi, malo ghakuru chomene mu Rwanda, pa mamita 4,507. Chigaŵa cha kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa charu ichi chili mukati mwa nkhorongo ya Albertine Rift. Malo agha ghali pa mtunda wa mamita 1,500 m'paka 2,500. Pakati pa caru pali mapiri ghanandi, ndipo kumafumiro gha dazi kwa caru ici kuli mapiri gha savanna, mapiri na vyakumera.
Nyengo
Charu cha Rwanda chili na mphepo yakuzizima chomene, ndipo chifukwa chakuti chili pa mtunda utali chomene, mphepo yake njakukhoma chomene. Mu msumba wa Kigali, uwo uli pakatikati pa charu ichi, zuŵa lililose kutentha kwake kukuŵa pakati pa 15 na 28 °C. Mu vyaru vinandi, matenthedwe ghakupambana. Mu chaka muli nyengo ziŵiri za vula, yakwamba yikwamba mu Febuluwale m'paka Juni ndipo yachiŵiri yikumalira mu Seputembala m'paka Disembala. Nyengo iyi yikupambana mu vigaŵa viŵiri: nyengo yikuru yikwamba mu Juni m'paka Seputembala, ndipo kanandi kukuŵavya vula. Vikuŵa vyakupambana mu vigaŵa vya charu ichi. Pakuti charu chikusintha, nyengo ya vula yikusintha. Lipoti linyake la wupu unyake likati kusintha kwa nyengo kwachepeska mazuŵa agho kukulokwa vula pa chaka, kweniso kwachitiska kuti vula zinandi zilokenge. Vinthu ivi vyapangiska kuti ŵalimi ŵasuzgikenge, ndipo vyakhwaska vipasi. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakuwona kuti charu cha Rwanda chikusintha mwaluŵiro, ndipo pa vyaka 50 ivyo vyajumpha, matenthedwe ghakukwera pakati pa 0.7°C na 0.9°C.
Bad Zell
Bad Zell ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Rwanda
Vyamoyo
Mu nyengo yakale, nkhorongo ya mu mapiri yikaŵa pafupifupi cigaŵa cimoza pa vigaŵa vitatu vya caru ca Rwanda. Sono vyakumera vikusangika mu malo ghakukhala ŵanthu ŵatatu pera. Nkhorongo yikuru comene ya Nyungwe, yili na mitundu 200 ya makuni, makuni gha orchids na begonias. Vyakumera mu Virwa vya Volcanoes National Park ni vikhuni vya nkhonyo na vyakumera. Kweni ku Akagera kuli nkhorongo iyo kuli makuni ghanandi gha akasiya. Ku Akagera kuli vyakumera vinandi ivyo ni vichoko panji vili pangozi ya kumara, nga ni Markhamia lutea na Eulophia guineensis.
Viyuni vikuruvikuru vinandi vikusangika mu malo agha. Ku Akagera kuli viyuni vya ku savana nga ni zirafu na zovu, ndipo ku Volcanoes kuli viyuni vya ku mapiri ivyo vikukhala pafupifupi vigaŵa vitatu pa vigaŵa vitatu. Nkhorongo ya Nyungwe yili na mitundu 13 ya vinyama vyakuchemeka primates, kusazgapo vinyama vya chimpanzee na vinyama vinyake vyakuchemeka Ruwenzori colobus. Nkhalamu za ku Rwanda zikamara mu 1994, apo malo ghakusungirako nkharamu ghakazgoka misasa ya ŵanthu awo ŵakachimbira kwawo. Mu Juni 2015, malo ghaŵiri ghakusungirako nkharamu ku South Africa ghakapeleka nkharamu zinkhondi na ziŵiri ku malo ghakusungirako nkharamu gha Akagera National Park. Pakwamba nkhalamu zikaŵa mu malo ghakuzingilizgika na mpanda, ndipo pamanyuma zikakakika na kufumiskika mu ciŵaya mwezi umoza pamanyuma pake.
Mu 2017, nkhumba zakufipa 18 izo zili pa ngozi zikiza ku Rwanda kufuma ku South Africa. Viyuni ivi vikasintha makora chomene mwakuti mu 2019, vikoko vinyake vinkhondi vyamalibwe vikapelekeka ku malo ghakusungirako viŵeto ku Europe.
Miley Cyrus
Miley Ray Cyrus (siku lakubabikila Novemba 23, 1992) ngwakwimba uyo wakufumila mu chalo cha USA.
Rwanda
Vyamoyo
Mwakuyana waka, ciŵelengero ca viyuni ivi cikukura comene mu Rwanda. Mu chaka cha 2021, Rwanda yikapokera viyuni 30 vyakuchemeka white rhinos kufuma ku South Africa na chilato chakuti Akagera yiŵe malo ghakukhora ghakubabira viyuni ivi.
Ku Rwanda kuli viyuni vyamtundu wa 670 ndipo vyamoyo ivi vikupambana mu vyaru vya kumafumiro na kumanjiliro gha dazi. Nkhorongo ya Nyungwe, iyo yili kumanjiliro gha dazi, yili na mitundu ya viyuni yakujumpha 280, ndipo 26 mwa mitundu iyi yikusangika ku Albertine Rift. Kweni ku mafumiro gha dazi kwa charu cha Rwanda kuli viyuni vinandi nga ni gonolek wakuŵa na mutu wakufipa.
Ŵasayansi ŵakuti mu charu ichi muli mitundu yinandi ya viyuni ivi.
Chuma
Chuma cha charu cha Rwanda chikapwetekeka comene pa nyengo iyo ŵanthu ŵakakomekeranga mu 1994, ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakafwa, vinthu vikaŵayendera makora yayi, vinthu vikaphyoreka, ndipo vyakurya vikasoŵa. Ici cikapangiska kuti GDP yichepe comene ndipo cikapangiska kuti caru ici cileke kukopa ndalama za boma na za caru cinyake. Kufuma waka pa nyengo iyi, chuma cha pa caru cose caŵaso cakukhora comene, ndipo GDP ya munthu yumoza yikukwana $909.9 mu 2022, pakuyaniska na $127 mu 1994. Vyaru vikuru comene ivyo ŵanthu ŵakuguliskira vyakurya ku vyaru vinyake ni China, Germany, na United States. Chuma chikuyang'aniridwa ndi Central National Bank of Rwanda ndipo ndalama zake ndi franc yaku Rwanda; mu Disembala 2019, mtengo wosinthira unali ma franc 910 ku dola imodzi yaku United States. Mu 2007, caru ca Rwanda cikanjira mu wupu wa East African Community, ndipo cazomerezga ndondomeko ya umoza wa ndalama pakati pa vyaru vinkhondi na viŵiri ivyo vikanjilira mu wupu uwu.
Charu cha Rwanda chili na vyakurya vichoko waka, ndipo ŵalimi ŵa mu charu ichi ndiwo ŵakulima. Pafupifupi 90% ya ŵanthu awo ŵakugwira ntchito mu minda, ndipo vyakurya vikaŵa 32.5% ya GDP mu 2014. Ŵalimi ŵakutemwa kulima malo ghacoko waka. Kwamba m'ma 1980, viŵeto vikukura yayi kweniso vyakurya vikusangika viŵi yayi, cifukwa ca ŵanthu awo ŵakusamukira ku vyaru vinyake. Nangauli charu cha Rwanda chili na vyakurya vinandi, kweni kanandi ŵanthu ŵakukwera yayi. Kweni mu vyaka vyasonosono apa, vinthu vyasintha chomene chifukwa cha kukura kwa vyakurya. Vyakumera vinyake ivyo ŵanthu ŵakulima mu charu ichi ni matoke (banana) iyo yikukwana chigaŵa chimoza pa vigaŵa vitatu vya charu ichi, mbatata, nyungu, mbatata, maniyu, tirigu na chimanga. Khofi na tiyi ni vyakurya vikuru comene ivyo ŵanthu ŵakupeleka ku vyaru vinyake. Malipoti ghakulongora kuti ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 400,000 ŵa ku Rwanda ŵakukhala mu minda ya khofi. Cifukwa cakuti caru ca Rwanda cikuthemba comene pa vyakurya ivyo vikupelekeka ku vyaru vinyake, ntchipusu yayi kuti mitengo ya vyakurya ivi yisinthe. Viŵeto ivyo vikuŵako mu Rwanda ni ng'ombe, mbuzi, mberere, nkhumba, nkhuku, na mpheta. Nangauli mu vigaŵa vya Kigali muli minda yinandi ya viŵeto, kweni viŵeto vinandi vikuŵa vyachilendo. Kucepa kwa malo na maji, vyakurya vyambura kukwana na vya mtundu uheni, kweniso nthenda zakwambukira nyengo na nyengo kwambura wovwiri wakukwana wa ŵadokotala ni vinthu vikuru ivyo vikupangiska kuti mulimo wa vyakurya uleke kwenda makora. Nangauli somba zikulengeskeka mu nyanja za mu caru ici, kweni zinandi zikumara, ndipo zikwiza na somba zamoyo.
Makampani gha vyamalonda ghakaŵa ghacoko comene, ghakapanga 14.8% ya GDP mu 2014. Vinthu ivi ni simenti, vyakurya, vyakumwa, sopo, vyakuvwara, skapato, vinthu vya pulasitiki, vyakuvwara na hona. Makampani gha migodi gha ku Rwanda ndigho ghakovwira chomene, ndipo mu 2008 ghakapanga ndalama zakukwana madola 93 miliyoni. Vinthu ivi ni cassiterite, wolframite, golide, na coltan, ivyo ŵakugwiliskira ntchito pakupanga vinthu vya magesi na mawoko nga ni mafoni.
Mu vyaka vya m'ma 2000, mu charu cha Rwanda mukaŵa suzgo la ndalama chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ngongoli, wovwiri wa vyaru vinyake, na ndalama. Mu 2010, ntchito iyi yikalutilira makora ndipo yikaŵa yikuru chomene mu charu ichi. Vinthu vikuru ivyo vikovwira ŵanthu pa nkhani ya ndalama ni mabanki na vyamalonda, malonda gha pa wumba na ghakurughakuru, mahotelo na malo ghakurya, mendero, kusungirako vinthu, kwendeska mawoko, ma inshuwalansi, katundu, maofesi gha bizinesi na maboma, kusazgapo masambiro na umoyo. Ntchito ya kwendakwenda njimoza mwa vinthu ivyo vikukura mwaluŵiro comene mu vyaru ivi. Mu 2007, ndiyo yikamba kusanga ndalama zinandi mu vyaru ivi. Nangauli charu ichi chili na ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakakomeka, kweni charu ichi chikuwoneka kuti ntchakukhora. Mu 2013, ŵanthu 864,000 ŵakiza ku malo agha. Mu 2014, ndalama izo ŵanthu ŵakasanganga chifukwa cha vyakusanguluska zikaŵa madola 303 miliyoni. Cinthu cikuru comene ico cikovwira kuti ndalama izi ziŵe zinandi ni ivyo vikusangika mu malo ghakucemeka Volcanoes National Park. Vinyake ivyo vikukondweska ni Nkhorongo ya Nyungwe, uko kuli tumalumba, Ruwenzori colobus, na vinyama vinyake vyakuduka mudera, malo ghakusungirako vyakumera gha mu Nyanja ya Kivu, na Akagera, malo ghacilendo agho ghali kumafumiro gha dazi kwa charu ichi.
Wayilesi na nthowa zakuyowoyeskelana
Ma wayilesi na mawayilesi ghakurughakuru ni gha boma, ndipo manyuzipepara ghanandi nga boma. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ku Rwanda ŵali na wayilesi; mu nyengo ya kusakaza ŵanthu mu 1994, wayilesi ya Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines yikapharazganga mu caru cose, ndipo yikawovwira kuti ŵanthu ŵakomeke kwizira mu upharazgi wakususkana na Ŵakututsi. Mu 2015, wayilesi ya boma ya Radio Rwanda ndiyo yikaŵa yikuru chomene mu charu chose. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵalije TV, ndipo nyumba zinandi zilije TV. Boma likamba kugwiliskira ntchito wayilesi ya digito mu 2014, ndipo pakati pajumpha chaka chimoza, pa charu chose pakaŵa mawayilesi 7. Ŵapharazgi ŵakuŵa na mazaza pa nkhani iyi, ndipo nyuzipepara zikujikora kuti boma lileke kuŵasuzga. Nangauli vili nthena, mabuku gha mu Cikirwanda, Cingelezi, na Cifurenci agho ghakususka boma ghalipo comene mu Kigali. Malango ghakusazgikira pambere mavoti gha pulezidenti wa ku Rwanda gha 2010 ghandambe, ndipo nyuzipepara ziŵiri zakujiyimira paŵekha, Umuseso na Umuvugizi, yikakanizgika na wupu wa High Media Council kwa myezi 6.
Gulu lakale chomene la mafoni mu charu ichi, la Rwandatel, likaleka kugwira ntchito mu 2011, ndipo 80% yikaŵa ya kampani ya ku Libya yakuchemeka LAP Green. Kampani iyi yikaguliskika mu 2013 na Liquid Telecom, kampani iyo yikupanga ma telecommunications na fiber optic networks mu East na Southern Africa. Kufumira mu 2015, Liquid Telecom yikupereka ma telefoni ghakukhazikika ku ŵanthu 30,968, ndipo MTN Rwanda nayo yikupereka ma telefoni ghakukhazikika ku ŵanthu 15,497. Mafoni gha pa nyumba ghakugwiliskirika nchito comene na maboma, mabanki, mawupu ghambura vya boma, na maofesi gha ŵimiliri. Mu 2015, chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu awo ŵakugwiliskira ntchito mafoni mu charu ichi chikaŵa 72.6%, kufuma pa 41.6% mu 2011. MTN Rwanda ndiyo yikulongozga na ŵanthu 3,957,986, ndipo yikulondezgeka na Tigo na ŵanthu 2,887,328, na Bharti Airtel na ŵanthu 1,336,679. Rwandatel nayo wakendeskanga foni, kweni wupu wakuwona vya msonkho ukawuskapo layisensi yake mu Epulero 2011, cifukwa cakuti kampani iyi yikatondeka kufiska ivyo yikapangana. Ŵanthu awo ŵakugwiliskira nchito Intaneti mbacoko, kweni ŵakukura mwaluŵiro. Mu 2015, pa ŵanthu 100, ŵanthu 12,8 ndiwo ŵakagwiliskiranga nchito Intaneti. Mu 2011, ŵakamalizga kupanga telefoni ya makilomita 2,300 (ma kilomita 1,400) ya fiber-optic. Netiweki iyi yikukolerana na SEACOM, chingwe cha pasi pa nyanja icho chikovwira ŵanthu kuti ŵapharazgenge mu vyaru vya kumwera na kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Africa. Mu caru ca Rwanda, misewu iyi yikwenda mu misewu yikuruyikuru iyo yikukolerana na matawuni gha mu caru cose. Mtundu wa MTN nawo ukupeleka Intaneti kwambura waya mu vigaŵa vinandi vya Kigali.
Mu Okutobala 2019, Mara Corporation wakambiska foni yakwamba ya ku Africa ku Rwanda.
Vyakuzenga
Mu vyaka vya m'ma 2000, boma la Rwanda likaŵika pakwamba ndalama zakovwilira ŵanthu kuti ŵasange maji. Ndalama izi, pamoza na wovwiri wa awo ŵakupeleka wovwiri, vikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵasange maji ghawemi. Mu 2015, ŵanthu 74 pa 100 ŵaliwose ŵakaŵa na maji ghawemi, kufuma pa 55 pa 100 mu 2005. Vinthu vya mu charu ichi vikovwira ŵanthu kusanga maji mu misumba na mu mizi. Ku malo agho kulije makina agha, ŵakugwiliskira ntchito mapampu gha pa woko na visimi. Nangauli mu vigaŵa vinandi vya caru ici, maji ghakukhira comene kuluska 750 millimeters pa caka, kweni ŵanthu ŵakugwiliskira nchito viŵi yayi maji gha vula. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakugwiliskira ntchito yayi vinthu vyakutowa. Wupu wa United Nations ukuti mu 2006, ŵanthu 34 pa 100 ŵaliwose awo ŵakakhalanga mu matawuni kweniso 20 pa 100 ŵaliwose awo ŵakakhalanga ku mizi ŵakaŵa na vinthu vyakutowa. Msumba wa Kigali ngumoza mwa misumba yakutowa comene mu Africa. Maboma ghakwendera fundo zakovwira ŵanthu kuti ŵaŵe na umoyo uwemi waka mu matawuni. Ŵanthu ŵanandi mu misumba na mu mizi ŵakugwiliskira ntchito malo ghakusoperapo.
Ŵanthu
Kufika mu 2015, National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda yikati ŵanthu ŵa ku Rwanda ŵalipo 11,262,564, apo mu 2022 ŵalipo 13,246,394. Kuyana na kalembera wa mu 2012, ŵanthu 10,515,973 ndiwo ŵakakhalanga mu msumba uwu. Ŵanthu ŵanandi mbawukirano. Mu 2012, ŵanthu 43.3% ŵakaŵa na vyaka 15 kukhilira pasi, ndipo 53.4% ŵakaŵa na vyaka vyapakati pa 16 na 64. Buku la CIA World Factbook likuti mu 2015, ŵanthu ŵakukwana 40.2 pa ŵanthu 1,000 awo ŵakababikanga, ndipo ŵanthu 14.9 ŵakufwa. Ŵanthu ŵakukhala vyaka 67,67 (69,27 kwa ŵanakazi na 67,11 kwa ŵanalume). Chiŵelengero cha ŵanalume na ŵanakazi mu charu ichi chili pa 95.9 pa ŵanakazi 100. Mu charu ichi muli ŵanthu 445 pa kilomita yimoza. Ŵakulemba mdauko nga ni Gérard Prunier ŵakugomezga kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakakomeka mu 1994. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakukhala ku mizi, ndipo mu matawuni ghachoko waka muli malo ghakukhala ŵanthu. Malo ghekha agho muli ŵanthu ŵachoko chomene mu charu ichi ni malo agho kale ghakaŵa chigaŵa cha Umutara, ndipo kumafumiro gha dazi kuli malo ghakuchemeka Akagera National Park. Msumba ukuru chomene wa Kigali uli na ŵanthu pafupifupi 1 miliyoni. Ŵanthu awo ŵakukwera mwaluŵiro ŵakusuzga kuti vinthu viŵe makora. Kuyana na kalembera wa mu 2012, msumba ukuru waciŵiri ni Gisenyi, uwo uli pafupi na Nyanja ya Kivu na msumba wa Goma ku Congo, ndipo uli na ŵanthu 126,000. Matawuni ghanyake ghakuru ni Ruhengeri, Butare, na Muhanga. Ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu matawuni ŵakakwera kufuma pa 6% mu 1990 kufika pa 16.6% mu 2006; kweni mu 2011, chiŵelengero ichi chikakhira pachoko waka kufika pa 14.8%.
Charu cha Rwanda chili na ŵanthu ŵa viyowoyero na mitheto yakuyana waka, ndipo ichi chikupambana na vyaru vinandi vya mu Africa, ivyo vili na vigaŵa vyakupambanapambana. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Rwanda ŵali na magulu ghatatu, Ŵahutu, Ŵatutsi, na Ŵatwa. Buku la CIA la World Factbook likuyowoya kuti mu 2009, Ŵahutu ŵakaŵa 84% ya ŵanthu wose mu charu ichi, Ŵatutsi 15%, na Ŵatwa 1%. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Twa mbana ŵachoko awo ŵali kufuma ku ŵanthu ŵakwambilira awo ŵakakhalanga mu charu cha Rwanda. Kweni ŵasayansi ŵakukolerana yayi pa nkhani ya umo Ŵahutu na Ŵakututsi ŵakaŵirako. Nkhwantha ya vya ŵanthu, Jean Hiernaux, yikati Ŵakututsi mbanthu ŵakupambana na mitundu yinyake, ndipo ŵakutemwa kuŵa na "mitu, visko, na mphuno ziheni". Mu caru ca Rwanda pambere caru ici cindaŵeko, Ŵakututsi ndiwo ŵakaŵa ŵamazaza, ndipo mafumu na ŵalongozgi ŵanandi ŵakafuma mwa iwo. Boma la sono likukana kupambaniska pakati pa Ŵahutu na Ŵatutsi. Kafukufuku wa mu 2002 wakaŵa wakwamba kwambira mu 1933 kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Rwanda ŵaleke kupika magulu ghatatu.
Masambilo
Pambere chaka cha 2012 chindafike, boma la Rwanda likapeleka masambiro ghaulere mu masukulu gha boma kwa vyaka 9. Mu 2012, ŵakamba kusazgirako vyaka ivi kufika pa 12. Kafukufuku munyake uyo wakachitika mu 2015, wakulongora kuti nangauli sukulu za pulayimale zikunjilirapo chomene, kweni ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakumalizga yayi. Nangauli sukulu njambura kulipira, kweni ŵapapi ŵakwenera kupeleka ndalama zakovwilira ŵana ŵawo kuti ŵasambire makora. Kweni boma likati ndalama izi zikwenera yayi kuŵa chifukwa chakuti ŵana ŵaleke kusambira. Mu vyaru vinandi muli masukulu ghapadera, ghanyake ghakulongozgeka na tchalitchi, agho ghakusambizga vinthu vyakuyana waka kweni ghakulipira ndalama. Kwambira mu 1994 m'paka mu 2009, masambiro gha ku sekondare ghakaŵanga mu Cifurenci panji Cingelezi. Mu caru ici muli masukulu ghanandi gha masambiro ghapacanya. Mu chaka cha 2013, Yunivesite ya ku Rwanda (UR) yikapangika kufuma ku yunivesite ya ku Rwanda iyo yikaŵa ya boma.Mu 2013, chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu awo ŵakalembeskanga masambiro ghapachanya ku Rwanda chikaŵa 7.9%, kufuma pa 3.6% mu 2006. Mu 2009, chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu awo ŵakumanya kuŵazga na kulemba awo ŵali na vyaka 15 panji kujumphirako chikaŵa 71%, kufuma pa 38 peresenti mu 1978 na 58 peresenti mu 1991.
Umoyo
Umoyo wa ŵanthu ku Rwanda ukaŵa wambura kupwelelera chomene pambere nkhondo ya 1994 yindayambe kweniso pamanyuma pake. Mu 1998, mwana yumoza pa ŵana ŵankhondi waliwose wakafwa pambere wandakwaniske vyaka vinkhondi.
Ndipouli, nangauli vinthu vyasintha, kweni matenda ghakwambukira ndigho ghakulutilira kunanga umoyo wa ŵanthu mu caru ici. Wupu wa United States Agency for International Development, ukati pali "mavuto ghakuru" agho ghakukhwaska umoyo wa ŵanthu. Wupu wakuwona vya matenda ku America ukati awo ŵakuluta ku Rwanda ŵakwenera kumwa munkhwala uwo ungaŵawovwira kuti ŵaleke kulwara maleriya.
Ku Rwanda nako kulije ŵadokotala, ndipo pali ŵadokotala, ŵasilikari, na ŵasungwana 0.84 pera pa ŵanthu 1,000. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) yikulaŵilira umo caru cikwendera pa nkhani ya vyaumoyo pakukwaniska vilato vya Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 4 na 6. Lipoti la UNDP la pakati pa chaka cha 2015 likati charu ichi chikukwaniska yayi chilato cha nambara 4 pa nkhani ya kufwa kwa ŵana ŵachoko, nangauli chiŵerengero ichi "chakhira chomene".
Chisopo
Chisopa chikuru chomene mu Rwanda ntcha Chiprotesitanti, kweni ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakamba kugomezga chisopa cha Chikhristu, ndipo pachoko na pachoko, Chisilamu. Kuyana na kalembera wa mu 2012, Ŵakhristu ŵa Katolika ŵakaŵa 43.7%, Ŵaprotesitanti 37.7%, Ŵadventista 11.8%, na Ŵasilamu 2.0%. Visopa ivyo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakulondezga ni vyaunenesko, nangauli ni vya 0.1% pera. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Rwanda ŵakuwona kuti Ciuta wa Cikristu wakuyana waka na Ciuta wa ku Rwanda, Imana.
Wanangwa wa ŵanthu
Homosexuality is generally considered a taboo topic, and there is no significant public discussion of this issue in any region of the country. Some lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) Rwandans have reported being harassed and blackmailed. Ku Rwanda, kugonana kwa ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha nkhukanizgika yayi. Ŵalaraŵalara ŵanyake ŵa boma ŵakukhozgera wanangwa wa ŵanthu ŵa mtundu uwu, kweni palije malango ghakuŵavikilira. Boma likuzomerezga yayi nthengwa za ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha, cifukwa dango la boma likuti "nthengwa za ŵanalume na ŵanakazi pera ndizo zikuzomerezgeka".
Mwambo
Sumu na kuvina ni vyakuzirwa pa viphikiro, viphikiro, maungano, na vyakusanguluska vya ku Rwanda. Sumu iyi yikumanyikwa comene ndipo yili na vigaŵa vitatu: umushagiriro, panji sumu ya ng'ombe, iyo yikucitika na ŵanakazi; intore, panji sumu ya vinkhara, iyo yikucitika na ŵanalume; na kuvina kwa matambulara, uko kanandi kukucitikaso na ŵanalume. Gulu lakumanyikwa comene la kuvina ni la National Ballet. Gulu ili likakhazikiskika na Pulezidenti Habyarimana mu 1974, ndipo likucita maseŵero mu vyaru na vyaru vinyake. Sumu zikupharazgika na mulomo, ndipo mitundu yake yikupambana. Viŵiya vyakuchemeka drums vikaŵa vyakuzirwa comene; ŵanthu awo ŵakimbanga viŵiya vyacifumu ŵakaŵa na udindo ukuru mu nyumba ya themba (Mwami). Ŵanthu awo ŵakulizga viŵiya ŵakwimba pamoza mu magulu ghakupambanapambana, ndipo kanandi ŵakuŵa pakati pa 7 na 9. Mu caru ici muli sumu zinandi izo zikufuma ku vyaru vya ku Africa, Congo, na America. Mtundu wakumanyikwa comene ni wa hip hop, uwo ukusanganya dancehall, rap, ragga, R&B na dance-pop.
Bongue (Ranchuelo)
Bongue (Ranchuelo) ni msumba mu boma la Ranchuelo, Chigaŵa cha Villa Clara, charu cha Cuba.