cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Kuukila kwa Chilembwe
Chilembwe na Tchalitchi lake
Pakuŵa mishonale wa Ciphwitikizi, Booth wakasanga ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakasambizgika na ŵamishonale ndipo wakaŵafumiska ku Presbyterian. Ndipouli, wakapelekanga malipiro gha ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa mu calico, agho ghakaŵa gha mashilingi ghaŵiri pera. Wakayambiska wupu wa African Christian Union, ndipo wakadidimizga fundo yakuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ndiwo ŵakwenera kulamulira chuma chawo m'malo mwa ŵazga ŵa ku Europe. Gulu lake likaŵa na vilato vitatu, "kuti likapharazge makani ghawemi gha Chikhristu mu vyaru vyose vya mu Africa; kukhazikiska ivyo wakavicemanga kuti "Milimo ya ku Africa"; ndipo paumaliro, kuwezgerapo Africa ku ŵanthu ŵa mu Africa". Wakayowoyanga kuti ŵanthu ŵa mu Africa ŵajilamulirenge ŵekha, ndipo wakakhumbanga kuti ŵanthu ŵa mu Africa ŵasambirenge chomene kuti ŵasange ndalama zakukwana. Morris wakawona kuti ivyo Booth wakayowoya vikaŵa vyakupambana chomene na ivyo Chilembwe wakahara, chifukwa wakaŵa wakutemwa kusopa mwakuyana waka. Kuti ivi vicitike, Chilembwe na Booth ŵakaŵa "ŵanthu awo ŵakalongora nkharo ya Ŵaprotesitanti ndiposo mzimu wa ŵantchito". Mu 1900, Chilembwe wakawelera ku Nyasaland, ndipo na wovwiri wa African-American National Baptist Convention, wakambiska tchalitchi lake lakuchemeka Providence Industrial Mission mu muzi wa Mbombwe. Mu vyaka vyakwambilira vya upharazgi uwu, boma la ku Africa likamuwona kuti ni "muteŵeti uyo wakachitanga vinthu mwambura nkhaza". Wakambiska masukulu gha ŵanthu ŵafipa gha ku Africa, agho ghakaŵa na ŵana ŵakujumpha 900, ndipo wakambiska wupu wakuchemeka Natives' Industrial Union. Ndipouli, ivyo Chilembwe wakachitanga vikapangiska kuti ŵantchito ŵa ku Alexander Livingstone Bruce Plantation ŵaleke kukolerana nayo. Mu Novembala 1913, ŵantchito ŵa kampani yinyake ya ku malo agha ŵakamba kugwira ntchito mu ofesi ya munthavi. L. Wakayama Bruce Estates wakawotcha matchalitchi agho Chilembwe panji ŵalondezgi ŵake ŵakazenga pa malo agha.
Ŵanthu ŵachi Buwa
Wonaniso
• Boer music
Robert Mugabe
Vyaka vyapamasinda: 2013-2017
Mu Okutobala 2017, wupu wakuwona vya umoyo pa charu chose (WHO) ukasora Mugabe kuŵa nthumi ya chilato chiwemi; ichi chikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Zimbabwe ŵakususkana na maboma gha vyaru vyakupambanapambana chifukwa cha suzgo la umoyo ku Zimbabwe. Pakuzgora, WHO yikawuskapo mulimo wa Mugabe zuŵa lakulondezgapo. Pakuzgora, nduna ya vyaru vyakuwaro Walter Mzembi yikati ndondomeko ya United Nations yikwenera kusintha.
Kuukila kwa Chilembwe
Chilembwe na Tchalitchi lake
Nangauli palije vinandi vyakukhwaskana na tchalitchi la Chilembwe pambere kugaluka uku kundambe, kweni fundo zake zikaŵa zakutchuka chomene. Kwa vyaka 12 vyakwambilira vya uteŵeti wake, wakapharazganga fundo za kujikuzga kwa ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa na kuwusa makora ŵanthu kwizira mu masambiro, kulimbikira ntchito, na udindo wawo, nga umo Booker T. Washington, ndipo wakaciska ŵalondezgi ŵake kuti ŵavwarenge nga mba ku Europe.Nangauli palije vinandi vyakukhwaskana na tchalitchi la Chilembwe pambere kugaluka uku kundambe, kweni fundo zake zikaŵa zakutchuka chomene. Kwa vyaka 12 vyakwambilira vya uteŵeti wake, wakapharazganga fundo za kujikuzga kwa ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa na kuwusa makora ŵanthu kwizira mu masambiro, kulimbikira ntchito, na udindo wawo, nga umo Booker T. Washington, ndipo wakaciska ŵalondezgi ŵake kuti ŵavwarenge nga mba ku Europe.
Ŵanthu ŵachi Buwa
Wonaniso
• Natalia Republic
Hörstel
Hörstel ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Ŵanthu ŵachi Buwa
Wonaniso
• Orange Free State
Horstmar
Horstmar ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Luanshya
Luanshya ni tawuni ya ku Zambia, mu chigaŵa cha Copperbelt kufupi na Ndola. Mu tawuni iyi muli ŵanthu ŵakukwana 117,579 (kuyana na kalembera wa mu 2008).
Luanshya yikapangika mu vyaka vya m'ma 1900 pamanyuma pakuti William Collier uyo wakaŵa wakusanda vinthu, wakakoma nyerere yinyake pa Mlonga wa Luanshya. Nyama iyi yikawa pasi, mutu wake ukaŵa pa jalawe apo pakaŵa mkuŵa. Kampani iyo yikagwiliskiranga nchito migodi iyi yikacemekanga Roan Antelope Copper Mines Ltd.
Herzogenrath
Herzogenrath ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Herbstein
Herbstein ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Luanshya
Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1900, mkuŵa ukagumanga chomene ku Luanshya, kweni kuumaliro wa vyaka ivi, ntchito ya kuyuzga mkuŵa yikaŵa yakusuzga chomene. Pa charu chapasi paliso mkuŵa unandi. Kuti msumba uwu uŵeso wakukondwa panji yayi vikuthemba pa umo ŵanthu ŵakugwilira ntchito na kuguliska mkuwa.
Robert Mugabe
Kuwukira boma na kufumapo: 2017
Pa Novembala 6, 2017, Mugabe wakachimbizga wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti wake, Emmerson Mnangagwa. Ici cikapangiska ŵanthu kughanaghana kuti Grace ndiyo wazamunjira mu malo ghake. Grace wakatemwekanga yayi na gulu lakale la ZANU-PF. Pa 15 Novembala 2017, Gulu la Nkhondo la Zimbabwe likaŵika Mugabe mu jele ku nyumba yake ya Blue Roof nga ntchigaŵa cha ivyo likati ni vyakuchita pa "vigeŵenga" mu gulu la Mugabe.
Luanshya
Mu tawuni iyi ndimo mukababikira John Edmond, wakwimba sumu za ŵanthu. C. Kuŵa wakukondwa. Grayling na wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti wakale wa Zambia, George Kunda.
Robert Mugabe
Kuwukira boma na kufumapo: 2017
Pa Novembala 19, wakachimbizgika pakuŵa mulongozgi wa ZANU-PF, ndipo Mnangagwa wakasankhika mu malo ghake. Kweniso chipani ichi chikaphalira Mugabe kuti walekerethu ntchito yake pa zuŵa lakulondezgapo, panji ŵamuphalire kuti walekerethu. Mu nkhani iyo wakayowoya pa wayilesi usiku wenewura, Mugabe wakakana kuti walekenge ntchito. Pakuzgora, ma MP gha ZANU-PF ghakatumizga chikalata cha impeachment pa 21 November 2017, icho chikawovwirika na MDCT. Ndondomeko iyi yikati para munthu wakukhumba kufumiska pulezidenti mu maofesi, wakwenera kuzomerezgeka na ŵanthu ŵaŵiri pa ŵatatu ŵa mu Nyumba ya Malango na ya Senate. Kweni chifukwa chakuti magulu ghose ghaŵiri ghakakolerana na fundo iyi ndipo ghakaŵa na vithuzithuzi viŵiri pera mu nyumba zose za boma (viŵiri pera mu nyumba zakuwaro na vinayi pera mu nyumba zakuwaro), vikawonekanga kuti Mugabe wazamususkika.
Kuyana na dango la boma, nyumba zose ziŵiri zikawungana pamoza kuti zikadumbiskane fundo iyi. Pakati pajumpha maora ghacoko waka kufuma apo nkhani yikambira, Mulara wa Nyumba ya Malango wakaŵazga kalata yakufuma kwa Mugabe, iyo yikati wafumengepo. Muwoli wa Mugabe na mfumu wake ŵakakolerana pambere wandafumeko, kuti iyo na ŵabali ŵake ŵaleke kweruzgika, malonda ghake ghaleke kunangika, ndipo wapokere ndalama zakukwana 10 miliyoni. Mu Julayi 2018, khoti likuru ku Zimbabwe likati Mugabe wakaleka ntchito yake mwakujipeleka, nangauli pulezidenti wakale wakayowoyapo vinandi.
Kuukila kwa Chilembwe
Chilembwe na Tchalitchi lake
Pakulondezga ciyelezgero ca Booth, Chilembwe wakacitanga nchito ya kusambizga na kupharazga, kweniso wakayezga kupanga munda wake. Wakagwiliskiranga nchito ŵantchito ŵa ku Lomwe awo ŵakagwiranga nchito mu minda yake ya khofi, mphira, yisiti na katoni. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa na ŵa ku Europe awo ŵakaŵa na malo ŵakamutemwanga comene. Wakazgoka mulongozgi wa ŵamalonda ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakamba kulima minda na kupanga vinthu vinyake. Mu nyengo iyi, Chilembwe wakamba kuwona kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa wose ŵakukondwa yayi. Ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yose ya ku Africa ŵakakhalanga kutali na ŵanyawo cifukwa ca dango la thangata, ilo likakhumbanga kuti munthu waliyose wagwirenge nchito kwa mweneko wa nyumba kuti walipire renti na msonkho. Pa nyengo ya vula, ŵanthu ŵakakhalanga mu vyaru vinyake ndipo ŵakagwiranga nchito mu minda ya ŵeneco. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakakhalanga mu malo agha ŵakeneranga kulondezga malango ghakudunjika, ndipo ŵakakanizgikanga kugura makuni panji kuvina. Mwakusazgirapo, ŵeneco ŵa caru ca ku Europe kanandi ŵakacicizganga ŵeneco awo ŵakagwiranga nchito kuti ŵagwirenge nchito zinandi comene kuluska izo ŵakazomerezgekanga. Chilembwe wakaŵa muyowoyeri wa ŵanthu ŵa ku Lomwe.
Luanshya
Roan Antelope Rugby Club ku Luanshya ndiyo yikaŵa na mbiri ya kuŵa na vipata vikuru chomene pa charu chose. Ŵakaŵa ŵankhongono comene.
Nthano
Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakugomezga kuti njoka ya mu mlonga ndiyo yikachitiska kuti maji ghatutuke na kufwa pa nyengo iyo ŵakazenganga migodi ya Roan Antelope. Ŵaganyu ŵa ku Roan ŵakalwaranga comene na kufwa cifukwa ca maleriya na malungo gha maji ghamdambo, kweniso nthenda ya typhus, nthenda ya kusulura, na nthenda ya maphapu, mwakuti migodi yikaŵa na suzgo comene kuti ŵaganyu ŵa ku Africa ŵalutilire kugwira nchito. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakamanyanga kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Lamba ŵakatenge njoka yikuru ndiyo yikupangiska masuzgo agha. Njoka iyi yikalutanga mu mlonga na mu migodi, ndipo yikachitiskanga kuti maji ghatutuke na kunanga vinthu. Kuzakafika mu 1928, mulimo wa kuzenga msumba uwu ukayamba mwaluŵiro chomene. Suzgo la kututuka kwa maji likamalizgika apo mu 1929-32 apo kukaŵa nkhondo ya kulekeska maleriya, Mlonga wa Luanshya ukatoleka na maji ghanandi.
Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakamanya ng'anamuro leneko la zina lakuti Dambo la Nyifwa cifukwa ca nthenda iyi. Ndipouli, zina lakuti Luanshya likung'anamura mlonga wa vinyama chifukwa cha vinyama vinandi ivyo vikaŵa mu chigaŵa ichi pambere ŵanthu ŵandambe kunozga migodi. Malo agho ghakucemeka nthena ni Luanshya River, Luanshya Stream, Luanshya Town na Luanshya Township. Zina la tawuni iyi likwenera kuti likafuma ku Luanshia. Vinthu vitatu ivyo ŵanthu ŵakugwiliskira ntchito mu migodi vikachemeka na mazina gha vinyama ivi, Rietbok, Roan Antelope na Luanshia Mining Claims.
Kuukila kwa Chilembwe
Chilembwe na Tchalitchi lake
Pa nyengo yeneyira, ŵalimi ŵa ku Africa ŵakakhuŵara cifukwa ca masuzgo gha vya cuma ndiposo kusankhana mitundu. Ŵakatondeka kusanga malo panji ngongoli ndipo ŵakaŵavya wanangwa wa kusayinira makalata gha msonkho wa ŵantchito ŵawo. Kweniso boma likakondweskanga ŵazungu awo ŵakaŵa na minda. Munthu waliyose wa ku Africa "wakeneranga kuvura cisoti cake para wakuwonekera kwa munthu wa ku Europe, kwali ni mulara wa boma panji yayi". Ŵazungu awo ŵakakhalanga mu vyaru vinyake na ŵaliska ŵa Ciphwitikizi, nangauli ŵakapharazganga kuti ŵanthu wose ŵaŵe ŵakuyana, kweni ŵakakwiyiranga awo ŵakakhalanga mu vyaru ivi. William Jervis Livingstone wakamanyikwanga comene cifukwa ca kuyowoya mazgu ghaheni ku ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakaŵa ŵakusambira comene ndiposo ŵakaŵa na malo, ndipo wakafumbanga kuti "Kasi mbazga ŵa njani?" Morris wakati kusankhana uku ndiko kukacitiska kuti ŵanthu ŵagaluke.
Ŵanthu ŵachi Buwa
Wonaniso
• South African farm attacks
Kuukila kwa Chilembwe
Chilembwe na Tchalitchi lake
Pamanyuma pa 1912, Chilembwe wakazgoka wankhaza comene ndipo wakamba kuyowoya vya kufwatuka kwa Ŵafrika na umaliro wa muwuso wa ŵakoloni. Kufuma mu 1914, wakapharazganga chomene nkhani za nkhondo, kanandi wakazunuranga nkhani za mu Cipangano Cakale, ndipo wakadodoliskanga pa ivyo Ŵaisrayeli ŵakacita kuti ŵafumemo mu wuzga ku Eguputo. Mulongozgi wa Watch Tower, Charles Taze Russell, wakayowoyerathu kuti Haramagedoni yizamwamba mu Okutobala 1914, ndipo ŵalondezgi ŵanyake ŵa Chilembwe ŵakaghanaghananga kuti Haramagedoni yizamuŵa umaliro wa muwuso wa maboma.
Luanshya
Nthano
For those who are confused about the meaning of the name it is better to think of it in this manner "Once upon a time there was a river and stream which derived its name from the antelopes that would go to drink from there. Then some foreigners came and found some copper and started mining works on the land.  In the style of the local chiefs, they also adopted the two animal totems and named their mine after the antelopes, roan being the mpelembe, nsha being the duiker.  They amassed a lot of wealth from the mine and lived happily ever after."
Ŵanthu ŵachi Buwa
Wonaniso
• South African Republic
Kuukila kwa Chilembwe
Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Caru Cose
Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Caru Cose yikamba mu Julayi 1914. Kuzakafika mu Seputembala 1914, nkhondo yikafika mu vyaru vya ku Africa. Ku Nyasaland, nkhondo yikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Africa ŵanjire usilikari.Awo ŵakanyamuranga katundu ŵakakhalanga makora yayi, lekani ŵakasuzgikanga na matenda. Pa nyengo yeneyiyo pera, ŵantchito awo ŵakagwiranga nchito ya kunyamura katundu ŵakasoŵanga nchito, ndipo ici cikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa mu charu ca Nyasaland ŵasuzgike comene. Ŵanthu aŵa ŵakagomezganga kuti Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Caru Cose yizamuŵa Haramagedoni, iyo yizamuparanya maboma gha vyaru ivyo vikalamuliranga caru ca Africa na kucitiska kuti paŵe vyaru vyawo.
Luanshya
Masambilo
Ku Luanshya ndiko kuli sukulu ya Technical and Vocational Teacher's College (TVTC) iyo ŵasambizgi ŵanandi ŵakufuma mu charu ichi. Msumba uwu uli na Luanshya Technical and Business College (LTBC) iyo yikupeleka masambiro gha vya tekinoloje ku ŵana ŵa sukulu. LTBC na TVTC vili kupatukana waka na mpanda, ndipo kusirya kwa msewu wa kumanjiliro gha dazi kuli sukulu ya Da Gama, yimoza mwa masukulu ghacilendo mu cigaŵa ca Copperbelt, iyo yikulongozgeka na masisiteri ndipo yikucemeka na zina la Vasco da Gama, uyo wakaŵa wakumanya comene vya caru ca Portugal.
Ŵanthu ŵachi Buwa
Wonaniso
• Transvaal civil war
Luanshya
Masambilo
Pambere charu chindambe kujiyimira paŵekha, masukulu ghakaŵa ghakupambana mitundu. Pakaŵa masukulu ghaŵiri gha ŵana ŵa sukulu ŵatuŵa: Luanshya Primary School, iyo sono yikuchemeka Central, na Luanshya High School. Pafupi na malo agha pakaŵa sukulu ya Asoka Primary School for Asians, iyo pamasinda ŵakayithya Gandhi. Ku Africa kukaŵa sukulu ya Arusha Primary School ku Mikomfwa, Mwaiseni ku Mpatamatu na Fisansa ku Roan townships.
Ŵanthu ŵachi Buwa
Wonaniso
• Transvaal Colony
Kuukila kwa Chilembwe
Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Caru Cose
Chilembwe wakasuskanga ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Nyasan kuti ŵarwe nkhondo iyo wakawonanga kuti njambura kukolerana na iwo. Iyo wakakhumbanga kuti ŵanthu ŵa mu Africa ŵaleke kuchitako usilikari chifukwa chakuti ŵakaŵavya wanangwa. Mu Novembala 1914, Chilembwe wakalemba kalata ku nyuzipepara ya The Nyasaland Times ku Blantyre, ndipo wakapempha ŵamazaza kuti ŵaleke kulemba ŵasilikari ŵa ŵanthu ŵafipa mtima. "Pakuti nkhupulika kuti nkhondo yabuka pakati pa imwe na mitundu yinyake, ŵatuŵa pera, nkhumupemphani kuti muleke kutora ŵanthu ŵanyane, ŵabali ŵane awo ŵakumanya yayi cifukwa ca nkhondo yinu, awo ŵalije cilicose ico ŵangacita nayo. Cakuzirwa comene nkhulemba ŵamalonda, ŵamishonale, na ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakukhala mu caru ici, awo mbakuzirwa comene ndiposo awo ŵakumanya ico cikupangiska nkhondo iyi. ... (original syntax and grammar)"
Luanshya
Masambilo
Pamanyuma pa kujiwombora, ŵakazenga masukulu ghanandi. Mu Mikomfwa, masukulu ghaphya ghakaŵa Ndelela, East School sono ni Twatemwa, West School sono ni Muchinshi, Mipundu, Mikomfwa ndipo Arusha pamanyuma pake wakacemeka Bwananyina. Mu tawuni ya Roan mukaŵa masukulu gha Roan, Chaisa, Makoma, Kafubu, apo ku Mpatamatu kukaŵa masukulu gha Mpatamatu, Nkulumashiba, Nkambo, na Primary. Mu tawuni ya Luanshya mukaŵa tawuni ya Rivercross, Harrison, iyo sono ni Mpelembe, na Convent, iyo sono ni Buteko.
Ŵanthu ŵachi Buwa
Wonaniso
• Volkstaat
Kuukila kwa Chilembwe
Vyakunozgekela
Ŵalaraŵalara ŵa boma ŵakapokera macenjezgo ghaŵiri ghakuti kugaluka kuli pafupi. Mu Ogasiti 1914, mulondezgi munyake wa Chilembwe uyo wakakondwa yayi na ivyo mupharazgi uyu wakacita wakaphalira Philip Mitchell, uyo wakaŵa muteŵeti wa boma (uyo pamanyuma wakazgoka kazembe wa Uganda na Kenya), kuti "uyo wakakhumbanga kucita nthena wakaŵa na maghanoghano ghaheni". Kweniso ŵakatuma uthenga ku ofesi yinyake ya Katolika, kweni pakaŵavya uyo wakacitapo kanthu. Brian Morris wakuyowoya kuti pakaŵavya ico cikacitika cifukwa boma la ŵakoloni likaŵa na nthowa ya kukhorweskera mphindano izi yayi, cifukwa ca cisisi ca kuwukira.
Outbreak
During the night of Saturday 23–24 January, the rebels met at the Mission church in Mbombwe, where Chilembwe gave a speech stressing that none of them should expect to survive the reprisals that would follow the revolt but that the uprising would draw greater attention to their conditions and destabilise the colonial system. This, Chilembwe believed, was the only way change would ever occur.
Ŵanthu ŵachi Buwa
Wonaniso
• Voortrekker
Kuukila kwa Chilembwe
Outbreak
A contingent of rebels was sent to Blantyre and Limbe, about 15 miles to the south, where most of the white colonists lived and where the insurgents hoped to capture the African Lakes Company's store of weapons. Another group headed towards the Alexander Livingstone Bruce Plantation's headquarters at Magomero. Chilembwe sent a messenger to Ncheu to alert Chinyama that the rebellion was starting.
Chilembwe also sought support for his uprising from the German forces in German East Africa, on Nyasaland's far northern border, hoping that a German offensive from the north combined with a native insurrection in the south might force the British out of Nyasaland permanently. On 24 January, he sent a letter to the German Governor by courier through Portuguese East Africa. The courier was intercepted and the letter was never received. During the latter stages of the East African Campaign, after the German invasion of Portuguese East Africa, the German colonial army actually helped to suppress anti-Portuguese rebellions, among the Makombe and Barue peoples, worrying that African uprisings would destabilise the colonial order.
Luanshya
Masambilo
MASUKULU GHA CHIYEREKEZO: Mu tawuni ya Mikomfwa mukaŵavya sukulu ya sekondare, mu tawuni ya Luanshya mukaŵa sukulu ya Luanshya High School ya ŵanyamata na Luanshya Girls High School, mu tawuni ya Roan mukaŵa waka Roan Antelope ndipo mu tawuni ya Mpatamatu mukaŵa sukulu ya sekondare ya Mpatamatu.
Ntchito zachuma
Mu nyengo ya kupanikizgika kwa Zambia, ŵantchito ŵanandi ŵa migodi ŵakalekeka na kampani ya ku India yakucemeka RAMCOZ. Mu nyengo ya Levy Mwanawasa, msumba uwu ukaweleramo apo Luanshya Copper Mines yikambaso kupanga migodi na kusanga ŵanthu ŵanandi.
Robert Mugabe
Nyengo iyo wakaŵa pulezidenti
Kuumaliro kwa Disembala 2017, kuyana na kalata ya boma, Mugabe wakapika udindo wa udumura na ndalama za boma, nyumba ya vipinda vinkhondi, ŵantchito ŵakukwana 23, na magalimoto. Kweniso wakazomerezgeka kusunga malonda na usambazi unyake uwo wakasanga apo wakaŵa pa mazaza, ndipo wakapokera ndalama zakukwana madola pafupifupi 10 miliyoni.
Luanshya
Ntchito zachuma
Mwaluŵiro, kampani yinyake ya ku China yikatora migodi iyi. Ŵaganyu ŵa ku China ŵakususkika kuti ŵakutondeka kucita makora milimo yawo na kuswa malango gha nchito.
Mu 2011, ŵantchito ŵatatu ŵa ku China ŵakakakika chifukwa cha kuyuzga ŵasungwana ŵa ku malo agha. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2012, nduna ya za ntchito ndi masewera ndipo membala wa Nyumba ya Malamulo Chishimba Kambwili adapita mwadzidzidzi ku Mulyashi Mine Project ya madola mamiliyoni ambiri koma adakanidwa ndi olemba ntchito achi China.
Hemmoor
Hemmoor ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Hemau
Hemau ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Kuukila kwa Chilembwe
Attack on the Livingstone Bruce Plantation
The major action of the Chilembwe uprising involved an attack on the Bruce plantation at Magomero. The plantation spanned about 5000 acres and grew both cotton and tobacco. Around 5,000 locals worked on it as part of their thangata obligations. The plantation had a reputation locally for the poor treatment of its workers and for the brutality of its managers, who closed local schools, beat their workers and paid them less than had been promised. Their burning of Chilembwe's church in November 1913 created a personal animosity with the rebel leadership. The insurgents launched two roughly concurrent attacks—one group targeted Magomero, the plantation headquarters and home of the main manager William Jervis Livingstone and a few other white staff, while a second assaulted the plantation-owned village of Mwanje, where there were two white households. The rebels moved into Magomero in the early evening, while Livingstone and his wife were entertaining some dinner guests. The estate official, Duncan MacCormick, was in another house nearby. A third building, occupied by Emily Stanton, Alyce Roach and five children, contained a small cache of weapons and ammunition belonging to the local rifle club. The insurgents quietly broke into the Livingstone's house and injured him during hand-to-hand fighting, prompting him to take refuge in the bedroom, where his wife attempted to treat his wounds. The rebels forced their way into the bedroom, and after capturing his wife, decapitated Livingstone. MacCormick, who had been alerted, was killed by a rebel spear. The attackers took the women and children of the village prisoner but shortly released them unhurt, having reportedly treated them well. It has been suggested that Chilembwe may have hoped to use the women and children as hostages, but this remains unclear. The attack on Magomero, and in particular the killing of Livingstone, had great symbolic significance for Chilembwe's men. The two Mauser rifles captured from the plantation formed the basis of the rebel armoury for the rest of the uprising.
Hemer
Hemer ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Luanshya
Ntchito zachuma
Nangauli ku Luanshya kukaŵa masuzgo ghanyake cifukwa ca kugura migodi iyi, kweni nchito yikukwera ndipo tawuni iyi yikwambaso. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakukhala mu chigaŵa ichi, ndipo ŵakuchita vinthu vinandi nga nkhuzenga malo ghaphya ghakusungiramo vyakumera vya soya. Vyaru vikukura cifukwa cakuti ŵalimi ŵacokoŵacoko ŵakusazgirako vyakurya vyawo. Vipambi vikuru ivyo ŵanthu ŵakuseŵa ni mbuto za mbuto, tirigu, na soya.
Hockenheim
Hockenheim ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Kuukila kwa Chilembwe
Attack on the Livingstone Bruce Plantation
Mwanje had little military value but it has been proposed that the rebels may have hoped to find weapons and ammunition there. Led by Jonathan Chigwinya, the insurgents stormed one of the houses and killed the plantation's stock manager, Robert Ferguson, with a spear as he lay in bed reading a newspaper. Two of the colonists, John Robertson and his wife Charlotte, escaped into the cotton fields and walked 6 miles to a neighbouring plantation to raise the alarm. One of the Robertsons' African servants, who remained loyal, was killed by the attackers.
Later actions
The rebels cut the Zomba–Tete and Blantyre–Mikalongwe telephone lines, delaying the spread of the news. The African Lakes' Company weapons store in Blantyre was raided by a force of around 100 rebels at around 02:00 on 24 January, before the general alarm had been raised by news of the Magomero and Mwanje attacks. The defenders mobilised after an African watchman was shot dead by the rebels. The insurgents were repulsed, but not before they had captured five rifles and some ammunition, which was taken back to Mbombwe. A number of rebels were taken prisoner during the retreat from Magomero. After the initial attacks on the Bruce plantation, the rebels returned home. Livingstone's head was taken back and displayed at the Providence Industrial Mission on the second day of the uprising as Chilembwe preached a sermon. During much of the rebellion, Chilembwe remained in Mbombwe praying and leadership of the rebels was taken by David Kaduya, a former soldier in the King's African Rifles (KAR). Under Kaduya's command, the rebels ambushed a small party of government soldiers near Mbombwe on 24 January, described as the "one reverse suffered by the government" during the uprising.
By the morning of 24 January the government had levied the Nyasaland Volunteer Reserve, a settler militia and redeployed the 1st Battalion, KAR from the north of the colony. The rebels did not mount any further attack any of the many other isolated plantations in the region. They also did not occupy the boma (fort) at Chiradzulu just 5 miles from Mbombwe, even though it was ungarrisoned at the time. Rumours of rebel attacks spread, but despite earlier offers of support, there were no parallel uprisings elsewhere in Nyasaland and the promised reinforcements from Ncheu did not materialise. The Mlanje or Zomba regions likewise refused to join the uprising.
Siege of Mbombwe and attempted escape
Troops of the KAR launched a tentative attack on Mbombwe on 25 January but the engagement proved inconclusive. Chilembwe's forces held a strong defensive position along the Mbombwe river and could not be pushed back. Two African government soldiers were killed and three were wounded; Chilembwe's losses have been estimated as about 20.
Robert Mugabe
Nyengo iyo wakaŵa pulezidenti
Pa 15 March 2018, mu nkhani yake yakwamba kufuma apo wakafumiskikira pa udindo, Mugabe wakadindika kuti wakawuskika mu "puts d'état" iyo yikwenera kulekeka. Wakayowoya kuti wazamugwira nchito na Mnangagwa yayi ndipo wakati muwuso wa Mnangagwa "nkhususkana na dango". Mu mulandu uwo ukaŵikika na magulu ghaŵiri gha ndyali, Liberal Democrats na Revolutionary Freedom Fighters, na ghanyake, khoti likasanga kuti kufumako kukaŵa kwalamulo, ndipo Mnangagwa, pakuŵa wachiŵiri wa pulezidenti, wakatora udindo wa pulezidenti.
Phiri la Kilimanjaro
Phiri la Kilimanjaro ni phiri la volcano ilo lili mu chigaŵa cha Kilimanjaro ku Tanzania. Lili na makuni ghatatu gha volkano: Kibo, Mawenzi, na Shira. Ni phiri likuru chomene mu Africa na lapachanya chomene pa charu chose chapasi ilo lili pa mtunda wa mamita 5,895 na mamita 4,900 kufuma pa malo agho lili. Ni phiri litali comene kuluska mapiri ghose gha mu Africa na Eastern Hemisphere.
Luanshya
Ndyali
Luanshya sono yili na vigaŵa viŵiri, Luanshya Central yikupharazga chigaŵa chikuru cha tawuni apo Roan yikupharazga vigaŵa vinandi vya ku mizi.
Robert Mugabe
Nyengo iyo wakaŵa pulezidenti
Ŵapharazgi ŵa boma ŵakalemba kuti Mugabe wakawovwira National Political Front, iyo yikapangika na Ambrose Mutinhiri, wandale wakuzirwa wa ZANU-PF uyo wakafumapo pakususkana na kuwuskika kwa Mugabe. Gulu la NPF likalemba chithuzi cha Mutinhiri wakujambura na Mugabe ndipo likapharazga kuti pulezidenti wakale wakawonga ivyo wakacita.
Pa 29 July 2018 pa chisankho cha president, chaka chakwamba mu vyaka 38, apo wakaleka kunjilirapo, Mugabe wakachita ungano wa ŵapharazgi, apo wakayowoya kuti wazamusankhira yayi pulezidenti Mnangagwa na ZANU-PF, chipani icho wakambiska. M'malo mwake, wakakhumbanga kuvota Nelson Chamisa, uyo wakaŵa mulwani wake wa nyengo yitali, MDC.
Ulwari, kufwa na mwambo wa nyifwa: 2019
Mu Novembala 2018, Emmerson Mnangagwa wakayowoya kuti Mugabe wakatondekanga kwenda, ndipo wakalerekanga ku Singapore kwa myezi yiŵiri. Wakaloŵeskeka mu chipatala mu Epulero 2019, ndipo wakaŵa waumaliro pa maulendo ghanandi agho wakaluta ku charu ichi kuti wakapike wovwiri wa munkhwala, nga umo wakacitira mu nyengo yaumaliro ya umulaŵiliri wake ndiposo pamanyuma pa kufumapo kwake. Wakafwira ku chipatala cha Gleneagles pa 6 September 2019 pa 10h40 m'mawa, wali na vyaka 95 (Singapore Standard Time), kuyana na mulongozgi wa Zimbabwe. Nangauli ico cikapangiska kuti wafwe cikavumbukwa yayi, kweni Mnangagwa, uyo wakamusankhira mu malo ghake, wakaphalira ŵanthu awo ŵakakolerana na ZANU-PF mu msumba wa New York kuti Mugabe wakaŵa na kansa ndipo munkhwala wake wa chemotherapy ukaleka kugwira nchito.
Luanshya
Ndyali
Kweni pali ma phangano agho ghakuyowoya kuti ŵawukirano ŵa chigaŵa ichi ŵimilire. Kasambo Kalussa, uyo wali na vyaka 21 ndipo wakusambira vya malango ndipo wakukhala ku Luanshya, wakuti ŵawukirano ŵanandi ŵakujipulika kuti ŵali kutali. Kalussa, wandale wakukwera ndipo wakulemba nkhani za ndale, wakulongosora za unandi wa ŵanthu ŵambura nchito cifukwa cakuti ŵawukirano ŵa ku malo agha ŵakujiwona kuti mbambura kwenelera.
Hennigsdorf
Hennigsdorf ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Kuukila kwa Chilembwe
Siege of Mbombwe and attempted escape
On 26 January, a group of rebels attacked a Catholic mission at Nguludi belonging to Father Swelsen. The mission was defended by four African armed guards, one of whom was killed, Father Swelsen was also wounded in the fighting and the church was burnt down. The military and militia forces assaulted Mbombwe again the same day but encountered no resistance. Many rebels, including Chilembwe, had fled the village disguised as civilians. Mbombwe's fall and the government troops' subsequent demolition of Chilembwe's church with dynamite ended the rebellion. Kaduya was captured and brought back to Magomero where he was publicly executed. This was the final attack of the rebellion, and Morris attributed the decision to attack the Catholic mission to "the pervasive anti-Catholic sentiments expressed by the independent Baptists".
Robert Mugabe
Ulwari, kufwa na mwambo wa nyifwa: 2019
Pa 11 September 2019, thupi lake likatolekera ku chiŵanja cha ndege cha Harare ku Zimbabwe, uko ŵanthu 1,000 ŵakawungana kulindilira thupi na kutegherezga nkhani ya Mnangagwa. Thupi la Mugabe likatolekera ku nyumba ya mbumba yake ku Borrowdale kuti ŵakamupeleke kwayekha ku ŵabwezi na mbumba yake, kweni Mnangagwa yayi. Wupu wa Associated Press ukati pakaŵavya ŵanthu awo ŵakawungana pa nthowa, kweni ŵanthu 500 ŵakawungana ku malo agho wakababikira. Pa 13 Seputembala 2019, vikapharazgika kuti banja la Mugabe likapokelera pempho la boma la Mnangagwa lakuti Mugabe wasungike pa Heroes Acre Cemetery na kuti wasungike kwa mazuŵa 30. Mbumba ya Mugabe pakudanga yikakana ndondomeko ya boma ya kusungika kwake ndipo yikakhumbanga kuti wasungike ku Zvimba pa 16 panji 17 Seputembala, zuŵa limoza pamanyuma pa ivyo boma likakhumbanga.
Phiri la Kilimanjaro
Phiri la Kilimanjaro ndilo lili pachanya pa mapiri ghose pa charu chapasi. Malo agha ghali ku chigaŵa cha Kilimanjaro National Park ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakukwerapo. Chifukwa chakuti mu 2025 m'paka 2035 chiwuvi ichi chizamumara, ŵasayansi ŵanandi ŵakuchita kafukufuku.
Hemmingen (Lower Saxony)
Hemmingen (Lower Saxony) ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Kuukila kwa Chilembwe
Siege of Mbombwe and attempted escape
Following the attacks, Chilembwe would meditate on the summit of Chilimankhanje hill instead of attempting to regroup the now dispersed rebel troops. He was eventually convinced to leave the hill and escape to Mozambique, a land that he had already been to numerous times during his hunting trips. Chilemwe also wrote a letter to the German colonial regime in Tunduru, asking for aid. He never received a response, and the letter was considered an embarrassment to his supporters, given the Germany's reputation as a particularly oppressive colonial power.
Robert Mugabe
Ulwari, kufwa na mwambo wa nyifwa: 2019
Pa 14 Seputembala 2019, nyifwa ya Mugabe, iyo yikaŵa yakuzomerezgeka ku ŵanthu wose, yikachitikira ku National Sports Stadium, ndipo chithuzithuzi cha mu mlengalenga chikulongora kuti sitediyamu ya ŵanthu 60,000 yikazura. Pa nyifwa iyi pakaŵapo ŵalongozgi na ŵalongozgi ŵa kale ŵa vyaru vyakupambanapambana vya mu Africa, pakati pawo pakaŵa Mnangagwa, Kenneth Kaunda wa ku Zambia, Olusegun Obasanjo wa ku Nigeria, Sam Nujoma, Hifikepunye Pohamba na Hage Geingob wa ku Namibia, Joseph Kabila wa ku DR Congo, Uhuru Kenyatta wa ku Kenya na Cyril Ramaphosa wa ku South Africa.
Pa 26 Seputembala 2019, Nick Mangwana wakati Mugabe wazamusungika mu tawuni yake ya Kutama "kuchindika makhumbiro gha mbumba za vinkhara ivyo vyafwa". Ŵakamusunga pa 28 Seputembala mu luŵaza lwa nyumba yake.
Kuukila kwa Chilembwe
Siege of Mbombwe and attempted escape
After the defeat of the rebellion, most of the remaining insurgents attempted to escape eastwards across the Shire Highlands, towards Portuguese East Africa, from where they hoped to head north to German territory. Chilembwe was seen by a patrol of Nyasaland police and shot dead on 3 February near Mlanje. Many other rebels were captured; 300 were imprisoned following the rebellion and 40 were executed. Around 30 rebels evaded capture and settled in Portuguese territory near the Nyasaland border.
Robert Mugabe
Maghanoghano
Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1960, Mugabe wakachitanga vinthu mwakukolerana na ŵanthu ŵa mu Africa. Sabelo J. Ndlovu-Gatsheni wakalongosora kuti "Mugabeism" ni gulu la ŵanthu awo "ŵali na maghanoghano ghapusu, ghawakawaka, ghambura kupulikikwa makora, kweniso ŵali na magulu ghanandi". Wakayowoyaso kuti ukaŵa mtundu wa "kutemwa caru", uwo nyengo zose ukasuskanga ufumu na ufumu. Wakayowoyaso kuti uwu ukaŵa mtundu unyake wa kusankhana mitundu, uwo ukaŵa na "chisopa cha kusankhana mitundu". Wakayowoya kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakagomezganga fundo za Marx, nga ni Stalinism na Maoism, kweniso fundo za African nationalist nga ni Nkrumaism, Ujamaa, Garveyism, Négritude, Pan-Africanism, na African neo-traditionalism. Mugabeism wakakhumbanga kumazga suzgo la kusankhana mitundu kwa ŵanthu ŵatuŵa mwa kunjilirapo mu projekiti ya kusankhana mitundu iyo yikakhumbanga kukanizga ŵanthu ŵatuŵa ŵa ku Zimbabwe kuŵa ŵenekaya mwa kuŵachema kuti "amabhunu/Boers", ntheura ŵakaŵacimbizga mu caru cawo.
ZANU-PF yikati yikakhwaskika na Marxism-Leninism; Onslow na Redding ŵakayowoya kuti mwakupambana na umo Marxists ŵakagomezgeleranga kuti proletariat wa mu matawuni ndiyo ni nkhongono yikuru ya kusintha kwa umoyo wa ŵanthu, chipani cha Mugabe chikapeleka udindo uwu ku ŵanthu ŵa ku mizi. Iwo ŵakati chifukwa cha maghanoghano agha, Mugabe na ZANU-PF ŵakamba kutinkha ŵanthu ŵa mu misumba. Claire Palley, uyo wakaŵa wasayansi wa ku England, wakakumana na Mugabe mu 1962, ndipo pamasinda wakati "wakawoneka kuti ni munthu wa nkharo ya Marx yayi kweni wakaŵa wa fuko la ku Africa". Carington wakalemba kuti nangauli Mugabe wakagwiliskiranga ntchito mazgu gha Marxist pa nyengo ya kudumbiskana na ŵa Lancaster House, "nadi, wakacitanga yayi ivyo wakapharazganga, asi nthena? Wati waŵa na mazaza, wakazgoka munthu wa ndalama". Mugabe wakayowoya kuti "chisopa chautesi chikwenera kuŵa cha Chikhristu kuluska cha ŵantchito". Nkhwantha ya ku Zimbabwe, George Shire, yikati fundo za Mugabe zikaŵa za "democracy".
Kuukila kwa Chilembwe
Aftermath
The colonial authorities responded quickly to the uprising with as much force and as many troops, police and settler volunteers it could muster to hunt down and kill suspected rebels. There was no official death toll, but perhaps 50 of Chilembwe's followers were killed in the fighting, when trying to escape after or summarily executed. Worrying that the rebellion might rapidly reignite and spread, the authorities instigated arbitrary reprisals against the local African population, including mass hut burnings. All weapons were confiscated and fines of 4 shillings per person were levied in the districts affected by the revolt, regardless of whether the people in question had been involved. As part of the repression, a series of courts were hastily convened which passed death sentences on Forty-six men for the offences of murder and treason and 300 others were given prison sentences. Thirty-six were executed and, to increase the deterrent effect, some of the ringleaders were hanged in public on a main road close to the Magomero Estate where Europeans had been killed.
Robert Mugabe
Maghanoghano
Ndlovu-Gatsheni wakati kwamba m'ma 1990, mazgu gha Mugabe ghakamba kulongozgeka na fundo zitatu zikuruzikuru: kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Britain ŵakakhumbanga kuti charu cha Zimbabwe chiweleremo mu mawoko gha ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yinyake. Mu nkhani zake, wakazunuranga chomene Nkhondo ya ku Rhodesia. Abiodun Alao, nkhwantha ya vya ku Africa, wakati Mugabe wakaŵikapo mtima kuti "wagwiliskirenge nchito vinthu ivyo vikacitika kumanyuma kuti wawovwire kuti caru ciŵe pa mtende".
David Blair wakati "malemba agho Mugabe wakalemba ghakaŵa gha Marxism waka, ghakalembeka mu Chingelezi cha sukulu ya umishonale". Blair wakati ivyo Mugabe wakalemba vikayowoyanga vya "ndondomeko ya vyachuma iyo yikukolerana na vyaru ivyo vikususkana na boma", ndipo wakazomerezganga "maghanoghano agho ŵalongozgi wose ŵa ku Africa ŵakaŵa nagho". Mubali Mugabe wakati ŵati ŵathereska maboma gha ku Europe, vyaru vya ku Western vikalutilira kusuzga vyaru vya ku Africa cifukwa ŵakakhumbanga kuti viŵe na vinthu vinandi vya mu caru ici.
Umoyo wa munthu
Mubali Mugabe wakaŵa na msinkhu wa mamita 1.70 ndipo wakawonanga vinthu ivyo David Blair, uyo wakalemba mbiri ya umoyo wake, wakati ni "vyakuchita vyakukondweska". Mugabe wakacitanga mwakupwelelera comene na kawonekero kake, ndipo kanandi wakavwaranga malaya ghatatu, ndipo wakakhumbanga kuti ŵanthu ŵa mu nduna yake ŵavwarenge vyakuvwara vyakuyana waka. Apo Mugabe wakamba kuwusa mu 1980, wakavwara magalasi ghakurughakuru ndipo wakamanyikwanga na mwembe wake. Mwakupambana na ŵalongozgi ŵanyake ŵa mu Africa, Mugabe wakakhumbanga yayi kuti ubonda wake uŵe nthano. Wakaleka kukhweŵa hona na kumwa moŵa, ndipo kuyana na awo ŵakamulembera umoyo wake, David Smith na Colin Simpson, "wakatemwanga comene ŵana". Apo wakaŵa muchoko, wakachita opareshoni pa viŵaro vyake vyakubisika ivyo vikapangiska ŵanthu kuyowoya kuti wakaŵa na chiŵaro chimoza pera panji hafu ya mwendo wake. Ŵanthu ŵakususka ŵakamuyowoyeranga viheni.
Geoffrey Bwalya Mwamba
Geoffrey Bwalya Mwamba (wakababika pa 15 Malichi 1959) ni munthu wa bizinesi na wandale wa ku Zambia uyo Nyumba ya Malamulo ya Zambia cha Kasama Central kufuma mu 2009 mpaka 2016. Pamanyuma wakatumika kuŵa Vice President wa United Party for National Development. Mu boma la Patriotic Front la Pulezidenti Michael Sata, wakaŵa nduna ya vya vimbundi kufuma mu 2011 mpaka 2013.
Mwamba wakachimbizgika mu chipani cha PF mu February 2014. Pa 3 Juni 2016, wakasankhika kuti waŵe mulongozgi wa UPND Hakainde Hichilema pa chisankho cha pulezidenti cha Ogasiti 2016. Ndipouli, wakafumamo mu chipani cha United Party for National Development ndipo wakawelera ku chipani cha Patriotic Front mu 2019.
Robert Mugabe
Umoyo wa munthu
Mubali Mugabe wakayowoyanga makora Cingelezi na mazgu gha Cingelezi para wakuyowoya mazgu ghanyake. Kweniso wakatemwanga comene maseŵero gha Cingelezi gha cricket, ndipo wakati "cricket yikovwira ŵanthu kuti ŵaŵe ŵanthu ŵawemi". David Blair wakayowoya kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Britain ŵakamba kuŵa na mikhaliro iyi, ndipo ichi chikulongora kuti Mugabe wakachindikanga Britain ndipo panyake wakachindikanga. Heidi Holland wakayowoya kuti mikhaliro iyi yikamba kuwoneka mu umoyo wa mwana, apo Mugabe, uyo wakaŵa kuti wakumanya kale kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Rhodesia ŵakususkana na ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yinyake, "wakawona kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku England ndiwo ŵangaŵawovwira kuti ŵaleke kujitinkha".
Blessing-Miles Tendi, uyo ni nkhwantha ya vya sayansi, wakati Mugabe "wakaŵa munthu wamahara chomene, ndipo vikamusuzga kumumanya makora". David Blair nayo wakayowoya kuti wakaŵa munthu "wakuzirwa comene". Smith na Simpson ŵakayowoya kuti mulongozgi wa Zimbabwe wakaŵa "mwanalume muwemi comene, wakutemwa kukhala yekha, wakulimbikira nchito, wakutemwa kuŵazga comene, ndipo wakacitanga vyose ivyo wangafiska. Blair wakayowoya kuti "kujikora kwa Mugabe, umanyi wake, na kukhumba kugwira nchito zinonono vikaŵa vyakuzizwiska", ndipo wakasazgirapo kuti "makhaliro ghake ghakuru" ghakaŵa "kusuzga na kuzizipizga". Blair wakayowoya kuti Mugabe wakaŵa na mikhaliro yakuyana na ya Ian Smith, ndipo wose ŵakaŵa "ŵakujikuzga, ŵakujiyuyura, ŵakugaluka, ŵankhongono, kweniso ŵakughanaghana viheni".
Meredith wakalongosora kuti Mugabe wakaŵa na "nthowa yakuyowoya mwakuzika,... vinjeru vikuru, na... kuyowoya makora", vyose ivi vikavumburanga kuti wakaŵa na "mtima wakukhora". Ndlovu-Gatsheni wakamuchema kuti "mumoza wa ŵalongozgi ŵa ku Africa awo ŵali na nkhongono". Jonathan Moyo, uyo wakateŵeteranga nyengo yicoko waka nga ni nduna ya vya makani ya Mugabe pambere wandapindane nayo, wakati pulezidenti "wakumanya kujilongosora makora, ndipo uwu ndiwo nkhongono zake zikuru". Tendi wakayowoya kuti Mugabe wakaŵa wavinjeru, kweni kanandi wakabisanga fundo iyi "panyuma pa kawonekero kake kawemi na kakutowa ndiposo kutemwa maluso na maluso". Heidi Holland wakayowoya kuti cifukwa ca umo wakakulira, Mugabe wakaŵa na "mtima wambura kujikora". Mwanakazi uyu wakati, Mugabe wakaŵa na "mtima wambura kukhwima", kweniso wakatinkhanga ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yinyake kweniso ŵanthu ŵakufuma ku vyaru vinyake.
Kuyana na Meredith, Mugabe wakajiwonanga kuti ni "munthu wakuyowoya makora, wakughanaghana makora, ndiposo wakukolerana na ŵanji" wakati watonda pa vyaru vinyake mu 1980. Blair wakati mu nyengo iyi, Mugabe wakalongora "mtima wa kuwonga ndiposo cikanga" nangauli wakaŵa na "vifukwa vyakukhora vyakukhuŵara na kutinkhira" ŵanthu ŵa mu boma lakale. Michael Pallister, uyo wakaŵa mulara wa ofesi ya Britain yakuwona vya vyaru vinyake, wakati wawona umo wakacitira na Mugabe mu 1979, wakati: "Munthu uyu wakaŵa wankhaza comene, nyengo zinyake wakacitanga nkhaza, kweniso wakaŵa wankhaza". Peter Longworth, uyo ni muyimiliri wa boma la Britain, wakayowoya kuti paŵekha, Mugabe wakaŵa "wakutemweka comene, kweniso wakuyowoya makora. Ntchakusuzga comene kupambaniska pakati pa munthu uyo mukukumana nayo na uyo wakuyowoya viheni pa TV". Norman wakati: "Nyengo zose nkhawona kuti wakaŵa munthu muwemi kweniso wakuchindikika. Kweniso wakaŵa na nkharo yiwemi iyo nyengo zinyake nkhawonanga makora".
Nthengwa na ŵana
Kuyana na Holland, muwoli wakwamba wa Mugabe, Sally Hayfron, wakaŵa "mubwezi waunenesko wa Mugabe", ndipo wakaŵa "mumoza wa ŵanthu ŵacoko waka awo ŵakasuskanga maghanoghano gha Mugabe kwambura kumukwiyiska". Mwana wawo yumoza pera, Michael Nhamodzenyika Mugabe, wakababika pa 27 September 1963, wakafwa pa 26 December 1966 na maleriya ku Ghana uko Sally wakagwiranga nchito apo Mugabe wakaŵa mu jere. Sally Mugabe wakaŵa msambizgi uyo wakasambizganga makora ndipo wakalimbikiranga kuti waŵe wakujiyimira payekha.
Mubali Mugabe wakaphalira ŵapharazgi kuti ŵamuchemenge muwoli wake kuti "Amai" ("Amama ŵa Charu"), nangauli ŵanthu ŵanandi ku Zimbabwe ŵakakwiya chifukwa chakuti wakaŵa mulendo. Wakimikika kuŵa mulongozgi wa gulu la ŵanakazi la ZANU-PF, ndipo wakakhwaskika na milimo yinandi ya wovwiri, ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakamuwonanga kuti ngwakwananga. Pa nyengo iyo Mugabe wakaŵa nduna yikuru, wakasuzgika na nthenda ya mphuzi, ndipo pakwamba wakeneranga kuluta ku Britain kuti ŵakamuchizgire nthenda ya dialysis.
Apo wakaŵa wakutora Hayfron, mu 1987 Mugabe wakamba kutemwana na mulembi wake, Grace Marufu; wakaŵa muchoko kwa iyo na vyaka 41 ndipo pa nyengo iyi wakatengwa kwa Stanley Goreraza. Mu 1988 wakababa mwana mwanakazi zina lake Bona, ndipo mu 1990 wakababa mwana mwanalume zina lake Robert. Ubwezi uwu ukaŵa wachisisi ku ŵanthu ŵa ku Zimbabwe, ndipo Hayfron wakamanyanga. Kuyana na muzukuru wake Patricia Bekele, uyo wakaŵa pafupi comene na iyo, Hayfron wakakondwa yayi kuti Mugabe wakaŵa na chibwezi na Marufu kweni "wakacita ivyo wakaniphaliranga kuti nicite: 'Yowoyani na mutu winu usange muli na masuzgo mu nthengwa yinu. Lekani kuyuyura mfumu winu.' Wakayowoyanga mwantchindi". Hayfron wakafwa mu 1992 cifukwa ca nthenda ya munthumbo.
Pamanyuma pa nyifwa ya Hayfron mu 1992, Mugabe na Marufu ŵakatorana mu ukwati ukuru wa Katolika mu Ogasiti 1996. Pakuŵa mwanakazi wakwamba wa ku Zimbabwe, Grace wakamanyikwanga kuti wakatemwanga chomene vinthu vyapachanya, chomenechomene mashopu, vyakuvwara, na majuda. Cifukwa ca kugura vinthu vinandi, ŵakamuthya kuti "Gucci Grace". Nayo wakaŵa na lumbiri luwemi lwa vimbundi. Mu 1997, Grace Mugabe wakababa mwana wacitatu, Chatunga Bellarmine. Robert Mugabe Jr. na munung'una wake, Chatunga, ŵakumanyikwa chifukwa cha kutandazga umoyo wawo wakudura pa social media, ivyo vyapangiska kuti Tendai Biti uyo ni ndyali wa chipani chakususka, waŵasuske kuti ŵakumazga ndalama za ŵanthu ŵa ku Zimbabwe.
Kawonekero ka wumba na chiharo
Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1900, Mugabe wakaŵa yumoza wa ŵalongozgi awo ŵakakwesananga chomene. Kuyana na magazini ya The Black Scholar, "mwakuyana na uyo mukumupulikizga... Mugabe ni yumoza wa ŵanthu ŵankhaza comene pa caru cose, panji ni munthu wambura wofi uyo wakukwiyiska ŵanthu ŵa ku vyaru vya kumanjiliro gha dazi". Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakumuyowoya kuti ni "munthu wankhaza", "wakuwukira", ndiposo "wakupweteka", kweniso ni yumoza wa ŵalongozgi "ŵakofya comene" mu Africa. Pa nyengo yeneyiyo, wakalutilira kuwoneka nga ni munthu wankhongono mu vyaru vinandi vya caru cacitatu ndipo wakapokelereka makora comene apo wakendanga mu vyaru vya ku Africa. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ku Southern Africa ŵakamuwonanga kuti ni "munthu mulara" uyo wakawovwira kuti ŵanthu ŵa mu Africa ŵafwatuke.
Kuyana na Ndlovu-Gatsheni, mukati mwa ZANU-PF, Mugabe wakawonekanga nga ni "chiuta" uyo ŵanthu ŵakamopanga ndipo kanandi waka wakususkika. Mu gulu la ZANU, ŵanthu ŵakamba kusopa Mugabe pa nyengo ya Nkhondo ya Bush ndipo ŵakakhozga gulu ili mu 1980. Mu Zimbabwe, Mugabe wakaŵa na ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakamulondezganga, ndipo David Blair wakayowoya kuti "ni uheni kuyowoya kuti wakaŵa wambura kutemweka" mu charu ichi. Holland wakagomezganga kuti "ŵanandi" ŵa ŵanthu ŵa ku Zimbabwe ŵakamukhozganga "na mtima wose" mu vyaka 20 vyakwambilira vya muwuso wake. Malo ghake ghakukhozga ghakaŵa ku Mashonaland, Manicaland, na Masvingo uko ŵanthu ŵa ku Zimbabwe ŵakaŵa Ŵashona, kweni ŵanthu ŵa ku Matabeleland na Bulawayo awo ŵakaŵa Ŵashona yayi, kweniso ŵanthu ŵa ku Zimbabwe awo ŵakakhalanga ku vyaru vinyake, ŵakamutemwanga yayi.
Rhoda E., wakulemba nkhani mu magazini ya Human Rights Quarterly Howard-Hassmann wakati pakaŵa "ukaboni wakukwana wakuti Mugabe wakaŵa na mulandu wa kwananga ŵanthu". Mu 2009, Gregory Stanton, uyo pa nyengo iyo wakaŵa purezidenti wa International Association of Genocide Scholars, na Helen Fein, uyo pa nyengo iyo wakaŵa mulara wa Institute for the Study of Genocide, ŵakalemba kalata mu nyuzipepara ya The New York Times, iyo yikati pakaŵa ukaboni wakukwana wakuti Mugabe wakachitiska vigeŵenga. Australia na New Zealand vikaŵachiska kale mu 2005, ndipo mawupu ghanyake gha ku Zimbabwe ghakaŵachiska mu 2006.
Nkhani yinyake ya mu nyuzipepara ya New American ya mu 2005 ya mutu wakuti "Democide in Zimbabwe" yikati mu vyaka vicoko waka, Mugabe wakakhoma ŵanthu mamiliyoni ghanandi mu Zimbabwe.
Mu 1994, Mugabe wakapokera ulemu kufuma ku boma la Britain. Kweni boma la UK likamuwuskapo ulemu uwu mu 2008. Mubali Mugabe wakaŵa na madigiri ghanandi na madokotala kufuma ku mayunivesite gha pa caru cose, agho wakapokera mu ma 1980s; kweni madokotala ghatatu ghafumiskikapo. Mu Juni 2007, wakazgoka munthu wakwamba wa pa caru cose kulekeskeka digiri ya ku yunivesite ya ku Britain, apo Yunivesite ya Edinburgh yikaleka kumupa digiri iyo wakapokera mu 1984. Pa 12 June 2008, University of Massachusetts Amherst Board of Trustees ŵakavota kuti ŵawuskeko digiri ya vyamalango iyo Mugabe wakapika mu 1986, ndipo aka kakaŵa kakwamba kuti digiri yinyake ya ku malumbo yikwimikike. Mu mwezi umoza pamanyuma pa kufumiskika pa udindo wake, kweni pambere wandafwe, mazina gha misewu ghanandi agho ghakuyowoya za Mugabe ghakafumiskika mu malo gha ŵanthu wose.
Hofheim, Bavaria
Hofheim, Bavaria ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Njara ya ku Nyasaland mu 1949
Njara ya Nyasaland ya 1949 yikaŵa njara iyo yikachitika mu vigaŵa vya Shire Highlands mu chigaŵa cha Southern Province of Nyasaland (lero Malawi) kweniso mu chigaŵa cha Central Province mu 1949: vyakuchitika vyake vikafika mu 1950. Cifukwa cake cikaŵa chilangalanga cikuru ico cikacitika mu Disembala 1948 m'paka Janyuwale 1949 ndiposo mu Malichi 1949 ico cikaparanya vyakurya vinandi ivyo ŵanthu ŵakakhalanga mu vigaŵa ivi ŵakaryanga. Ivi vikacitika pamanyuma pa vilimika viŵiri vyambura kuŵako kwa vula na vyakurya viheni ivyo vikaŵa kuti vyamara. Vyakurya vikaŵa makora yayi cifukwa cakuti boma likakanizga kuŵika vyakurya vinandi mu malo ghakusungirako vyakurya, likadumulizga kunjizga vyakurya vyakukwana, ndipo likakhumbanga kuti ŵanthu awo ŵakapika vyakurya ivi ndiwo ŵapeleke. Pa ŵanthu awo ŵakafwa na njara, pakaŵa ŵanthu pafupifupi 200, kweni ŵanthu aŵa ŵakafwa na njara yayi.
Herbrechtingen
Herbrechtingen ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.