cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Selbitz (Oberfranken)
Selbitz (Oberfranken) ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Culberson County,Texas
Culberson County,Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Bazuka Mhango
Bazuka Michael Kalwefu Mhango (wakababika pa 19 March 1939) ni loya wa ku Malawi, wakusambizga na wandale.. Wakababikira ku muzi wa Kasole mu chigaŵa cha Karonga, Northern Region, Malawi. Wakagwiranga nchito ya kusambizga sayansi na masamu pa sukulu ya Livingstonia Secondary School mu Rumphi pambere wandaŵe loya na kucita vinthu vya ndyali na vya boma. Iyo ni mweneko wa Kaporo Foundation for Rural Development. Iyo ndiyo wakambiska yunivesite ya Livingstonia ndipo ndiyo wakayambiska yunivesite ya Mzuzu. Wakaŵa mu wupu wa Malawi Broadcasting Corporation na One Village One Product Programme. Iye ni membala wa bungwe la British Institute of Management (MBIM) ndipo wakaŵa nduna ya vya malango na malango kweniso nduna ya vyalo, nyumba na vyakuwunjiska.
Ntchito yakwamba
Pambere wandambe kugwira nchito mu boma, wakasambira ku sukulu ya Nyakasura Secondary School ku Uganda mu 1959. Wakaŵa wakupokera chawanangwa cha Queens Scout Award apo wakaŵa mu gulu la Boys Scout Movement of Great Britain kufuma mu 1957 mpaka 1960.. Wakimikika kuŵa mulara wa Boy Scouts mu chigaŵa cha Nyasaland kumpoto. Apo wakaŵa muchoko, wakagwiranga nchito ya kusambizga mu Malaŵi. Wakachita digiri ya Bachelor of Laws Degree na Diploma mu Education ku University of Malawi ndipo wali na Diploma ya postgraduate mu Business Studies ku Alexander Hamilton Institute mu 1972.. Wakagwiranga nchito ku A.R. Osman na Company kwa cilimika cimoza pambere wandafumeko na kwamba ofesi yake. Wakaŵa mweneko wa kampani ya Bazuka and Company kufuma mu 1973 mpaka 2004. Kampani yake yikaŵa na milandu yinandi yikuru mu Malawi. Wakagwiraso nchito ya upharazgi wa malango ku Malawi Development Corporation (MDC)..
Umoyo wa munthu
Wali kutora ŵanakazi ŵatatu ndipo wali na ŵana 14. Mwana wake wakwamba wakaŵa Du Chisiza, wakulemba maseŵero wa ku Malawi. Iyo ni mubali wa Dr. Geoffrey L. Du Mhango.
Ukaboni
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Selm
Selm ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Dallas County,Texas
Dallas County,Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Kumberg
Kumberg ni msumba mu boma la Styria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Odeceixe
Odeceixe ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Nyifwa mu 2023
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Nottoway County, Virginia
Nottoway County, Virginia ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Virginia mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Virginia lina tumisumba 133 mukwati mwake (counties).
Nyifwa mu 2023
The following notable deaths occurred in 2023. Names are reported under the date of death, in alphabetical order. A typical entry reports information in the following sequence:
Skidzyel’
Skidzyel’ ni msumba mu charu cha Belarus mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Dawson County,Texas
Dawson County,Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Rockingham County, Virginia
Rockingham County, Virginia ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Virginia mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Virginia lina tumisumba 133 mukwati mwake (counties).
Odemira
Odemira ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Oiã
Oiã ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Oeiras Municipality, Portugal
Oeiras Municipality, Portugal ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Selters (Westerwald)
Selters (Westerwald) ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Phiri la Manda
Malo ghakuzingilizga Mpande ni malo gha mapiri, ndipo malo agha ghali pa mtunda wa mamita 1,027 (mamita 63,40) na mtunda wa makilomita 1.1 kumwera kwa Mpande. Mu Mpande mukaŵa chigaŵa cha mapiri ghakuru chomene, ndipo mukaŵa chigaŵa cha mapiri ghakuru chomene. Mu chigaŵa cha Mpande, mapiri ghakaŵa ghakuzizwiska.
Nyengo njakuthwa chomene kweniso njakuthwa chomene. Nyengo ya chihanya yikusintha na kufika 23 °C. Mwezi wa Okutobala ukaŵa wakutowa chomene, pa 31 °C, ndipo mwezi wa Malichi ukaŵa wakutowa chomene, pa 20 °C. Mvula yikukwana pafupifupi mamilimita 1,060 pa chaka, ndipo mu mwezi wa January yikukwana mamilimita 315 pa chaka, ndipo mu Juni yikukwana mamilimita 1.
Byarozawka
Byarozawka ni msumba mu charu cha Belarus mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Lafnitz
Lafnitz ni msumba mu boma la Styria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Denton County, Texas
Denton County, Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
ŴaMalaŵi
Mitundu ya ba Malaŵi
Mu chalo cha Malaŵi muli banthu ba mitundu yinandi. Apa, tilongosolengepo mitundu yikulu ya banthu ba mu Malaŵi.
Chakufwa Chihana
Umoyo Wakwambilira
Chihana wakababikira mu muzi wa Mhuju, Kawiluwilu, kumpoto kwa chigaŵa cha Nyasaland (Colonial Malawi). Awiske ŵakafwa apo wakaŵa mucoko, ndipo wakalereka na anyina, awo ŵakavikiliranga ŵanakazi. Wakati wamalizga masambiro gha ku sekondare, wakagwiranga nchito mu boma la vigaŵa ivi ndipo wakacitanga milimo yinandi mu wupu uwo ukaŵa na ŵanthu 4,000. Mu 1958, wakazgoka mulembi na mulembi wa magazini.
Chaka chakulondezgapo, apo wakaŵa na vilimika 21, wakasankhika kuŵa mulembi mukuru wa wupu uwu. Wakacitanga milimo yinyake iyo yikaŵanga ya Malawi Railways na Imperial Tobacco Group. Wakasambira pa yunivesite ya Oslo na Dubrovnik ndipo wakapokera digiri ya masisitere mu vya ndyali pa yunivesite ya Bradford. Wakasambizganga pa Yunivesite ya Botswana.
ŴaMalaŵi
ŴaTumbuka
Ba Tumbuka ni banthu awo bakusangika mu Malaŵi ku chigaba cha ku mpoto. Ba Tumbuka beneko bakusangika kufumila ku mwela kwa boma la Karonga kufikila ku mpoto kwa boma la Mzimba. Ba Tumbuka bakafumila mu mphepete mwa mulonga wa Congo ndipo bakiza mu Malaŵi mu vyaka vya muma 1700.
Chakufwa Chihana
Nkhondo yakwimikana na ukoloni
Chihana wakajoyina chipani cha Malawi Congress (MCP) icho chikadankha kulimbana na boma la Rhodesia na Nyasaland kweniso boma la Britain. Kuumaliro wa 1963, wupu uwu ukawa ndipo Kamuzu Banda wakaŵa nduna yikuru ya Malawi. Apo Banda wakamba kukhozga mazaza ghake, Chihana wakalutilira kukhozgera wupu wakujiyimira payekha na demokilase. Pa chifukwa ichi, Banda wakamuchimbizga Chihana ku MCP. Ŵakamuphalira kuti walute ku caru cinyake ndipo ŵakamutimba. Wakawukira ku Kenya mwakubisilizga, na wovwiri wa wasembe wa Katolika. Wakalutizga kususka Kamuzu Banda ku Kenya apo wakagwiranga nchito nga ni pharazgi ku Kenya Federation of Labour.
ŴaMalaŵi
ŴaNgoni
Ba Ngoni ni banthu awo mbamoza na mitundu ya ba Xhosa, ba Zulu na ba Swazi ba ku South Africa. Ba Ngoni bakaba na tumitundu (clans) tubili uto tukaba twa ba Zulu awo fumu yawo yakaba Tchaka (banyakhe bakulemba ‘Shaka’) na ba Ndwandwe awo fumu yawo yakaba Zwide. Mu cha 1818 banthu ba Zwide awo bakalongozgeka na Soshangane, Zwangendaba na Nxaba na banthu ba Tchaka awo bakalongozgeka na Mzilikazi na Mgobozi. Balwi ba Tchaka bakaba na nkhongono kuluska ba Zwide ndipo balwi ba Zwide bakati batondeka pa nkhondo iyi Zwide na banthu bake bakachimbilila ku chalo cha ba Sotho uko Zwide wakafwila. Soshangane wakachimbilila ku Moçambique ndipo Nxaba na Zwangendaba bakachimbilila ku Zimbabwe. Mu chaka cha 1826 Zwangendaba wakamuvya Tchaka ndipo bakatondekaso ndipo wakachimbilila ku Moçambique kwa Soshangane. Bakakhala makola nyengo yichoko ndipo mu 1831 bakayambana na kulwa apo Zwangendaba wakawukako na kuluta ku Zimbabwe. Ku Zimbabwe wakakhalapo na babali bake awo bakaluta ku Zimbabwe na Nxaba kweni bakapulikana makola yayi ndipo bakalwanaso bekha-bekha. Pakwamba Zwangendaba wakabatonda banthu awo bakaluta ku Zimbabwe na Nxaba ndipo bakachimbilila kwa Nxaba. Bati basazgana na Nxaba bakamukonda Zwangendaba ndipo Zwangendaba wakayenda-yenda mu Zimbabwe nakulwa na ba Shona na ba Kalanga, kugula bespoke ba mitundu iyi kuba badge na kupoka ng’ombe zawo. Bena Soko, Tembo, Nyangulu, Chibambo na ba viwongo vinyakhe awo bakusangika pamoza na ba Ngoni mba Kalanga. Chifukwa cha kuwopa banthu ba Nxaba, ba Soshangane na ba Mzilikazi, Zwangendaba wakawukako ku Zimbabwe ndipo wakakhupuka mulonga wa Zambezi pa Zumbo, malo ayo Luangwa wakuthilila mu Zambezi mu mwezi wachikhumi na umoza (November) mu chaka cha 1835. Wati wakhala mu chalo cha ba Nsenga vyaka vinayi, mu 1839 Zwangendaba wakanjila mu chalo icho sono ni Malaŵi pa malo yikuchemeka Mabili pafupi na ku Loudon. Apo ndipo M'mbelwa, mwana wa Zwangendaba na muwoli wake Mnene wakababikila. Wati walwala, Zwangendaba wakasankha kuti mwana wake wa muwoli wake Mnene, M’mbelwa ndiyo wabe fumu pala iyo wafwa kuleka mwana wake wakwamba, Mpezeni. Pa Mabili wati wasanga kuti banthu ba chiCheŵa na ba chiTumbuka balije ng’ombe, Zwangendaba wakaukapo mu chaka cha 1845 nakuluta ku Tanganyika na kukakhala ku mafumilo ya zuba ya nyanja ya Tanganyika ndipo wakazenga mu chalo cha bachiFipa. Ku Tanganyika bana ba Zwangendaba wakapatukana: Mpezeni wakaluta kumanjililo ya zuba cha ku mwela ku chalo cha ba Bemba na ba Bisa apo M’mbelwa wakakhala kuko ku Tanganyika. Mpezeni wakamalila ku Chipata na Mchinji mu vyalo vya Zambia na Malaŵi. Mu chaka cha 1855 banthu awo bakaba na M’mbelwa wakawelako ku Tanganyika na kukhalapo ku Henga apo M’mbelwa wakazgoka fumu ndipo bakakhalapo nyengo yidoko. Bakati bafuma pa malo apa bakazakazenga mu Mzimba.
Chakufwa Chihana
Kuzgoka wa ndyali na kukakika
Wakaŵa wakususka pa nyengo ya muwuso wa Pulezidenti Hastings Banda ndipo wakakhala mu jele panji ku wuzga mu vyaka vya m'ma 1970 na 1980. Pakuŵa mulongozgi wa wupu wa banthu na wakuvikilira demokilase, Chihana wakakakika apo wakatoleka na kuwerako ku Kenya mu 1970. Apo wakaŵa mu jele vyaka 7, ŵakamuyuzga, ndipo wakakhala vyaka vinkhondi mu jele la yekha. Chihana wakaŵa wa tchalitchi la Presbyterian, ndipo pamasinda wakasuska tchalitchi ilo likakhala chete. Ndipouli, wupu wa Amnesty International ukamuzunura kuti ni kayidi wa njuŵi, ndipo wakawovwira kuti wafumiskike.
ŴaMalaŵi
ŴaCheŵa
Ba Cheŵa, ngeti ba Tumbuka, bakafumila mu mphepete mwa mulonga wa Congo. Ba Cheŵa ni bamoza ba banthu bakwamba kwiza mu chalo cha Malaŵi. Nyengo yeneko iyo ba Cheŵa bakizila mu Malaŵi (na vyalo vya Zambia na Moçambique) yikumanyikwa makola yayi kweni banyakhe bakughana-ghana kuti ni vyaka vya muma 1400 Yesu wati wawako (AD). Bakati bafika ku mafumilo ya zuba ya chalo icho sono ni Zambia, banyakhe bakagonanga pachanya pa phili ndipo banyakhe bakazenganga tu visakasa. Bakugona mu mapili bakamba kubachema mwa myati kuti mbena Phiri ndipo bakugona mu visakasa bakachemekanga ba Banda. Kuyambila apa tumagulu tubili twa banthu aba tukaba na mazina ya bena Banda na bena Phiri. Mu malo ayo ba Cheŵa bakayendanga bakasanganga banthu banyakhe ngeti ni banthu bafupi chomene awo bakuchemeka ba bathwa panjiso bakafula. Chifukwa cha nkhani ya malonda, ba Cheŵa bakalwapo na ba banthu ba chi Phwitikizi mu vyaka muma 1588 ku malo yikuchemeka Kilwa na Mombasa ndipo bakatondeka padoko waka kupoka malo ya Malindi. Ba Phwitikizi bati bawona nthena, bakatumizga balwi banyakhe mu chaka cha 1592 kweni nawo bakatondeka kubatonda ba Cheŵa. Ba Cheŵa bakumanyikwa na luso lwa kuvina ‘Nyau’ uyo ni gule uyo bakuvina bakuvwala chakubisa kumaso. Kweni gule uyu wakukwaskanaso na vya ufwiti.
Chakufwa Chihana
Kuzgoka wa ndyali na kukakika
Mu 1977, ŵakamufumiska mu jele kweni wakalutilira kususka muwuso wa chipani chimoza. Pa nyengo iyi, wakaluta ku England kuti wakasambire ku Nuffield College, Oxford..
ŴaMalaŵi
ŴaTonga
Ngeti mba Tumbuka na ba Cheŵa, ba Tonga nawo bakafumila mu mphepete mwa mulonga wa Congo.
Nxaba should ahve been written Xaba. This is a small clan under the Ngini speaking people that thas now spread country wide in Malawi. There are those in Kasenga area (MBalachanda Boma), Ekwendeni, Emtshengula, Enukwini, Edindeni, all these are Northern Regions of Malawi that is very close to the Zambian border post. Some have settled in Rumphi, Mzuzu, Nkhota Kota aND nHKHATHA bAY. Before spreading all over Malawi, they settled as one clan under Chindi Jere in Mthwalo.
Chakufwa Chihana
Kugwira ntchito na SATUCC
Wakalutilira kugwira nchito na mawupu gha ŵantchito mu vyaru vya kumwera kwa Africa; mu 1985, wakazgoka yumoza wa awo ŵakambiska na mulembi mukuru wa wupu wa mawupu gha ŵantchito wa kumwera kwa Africa.
Kucimbizgika kwaciŵiri na kukakika
Mu 1992, wakawelera ku Malawi ku ungano wa demokilase. Ku malo agha, wakachema chipani cha Banda kuti "chipani cha nyifwa na mdima" ndipo wakachema kuti paŵe vyaru vinandi. Wakati wayowoya nkhani iyi, ŵakamukora ndipo ŵakamujalira mu jele vyaka viŵiri. Ndipouli, ŵanthu ŵakalutilira kuŵasuzga, ndipo Banda wakazomera kuti pa 17 Juni 1993, paŵe referendum. Chinana wakafwatulika mazuŵa ghanayi pambere referendum yindambe chifukwa cha Vice President wa United States Al Gore, uyo wakacema kazembe wa Malawi ku White House kuti wakane kukakika kwa Chihana na kuchema kuti demokilase yiŵeko.
Kuwuka kwa vipani vya ndyali na kukhazikiska AFORD
Wakaŵa mweneko na mulongozgi wa chipani cha Alliance for Democracy icho chikazgoka chipani apo chikazomerezgeka kukhazikiska vipani mu Malawi. Maphwando ena adapangidwanso pomwepo kuphatikiza United Democratic Front (UDF) ya Bakili Muluzi. Pa chisankho cha boma icho chikachitika, chipani cha Banda, Malawi Congress Party (MCP), chikathereskeka na chipani cha United Democratic Front (UDF) cha Bakili Muluzi, apo chipani chiphya cha Chihana, Alliance for Democracy (AFORD), chikaŵa chachitatu. Chakukondweska nchakuti nangauli Chihana wakaŵa mulongozgi wa demokilase mu Malawi, kweni wakatondeka pa viwoneskero vya boma. Muluzi wakazgoka purezidenti wakwamba wa Malawi uyo wakasankhika mwa demokilase kweni wakasora Chihana kuŵa vice president wachiŵiri mu boma lake.
Ntchito ya ndale
Chihana wakaŵa Vice President wa Malawi mu nyengo ya President Bakili Muluzi kufuma 1994 mpaka 1996 ndipo kufuma 2003 mpaka 2004. Nyengo iyi yikaŵa na suzgo la ndyali la AFORD pasi pa muwuso wake, ndipo mu 2006 likakhala waka mipando yiŵiri mu nyumba ya malango ya vyalo 193. Chihana nayo wakasangana na mphindano na Tchalitchi la ku Central Africa.
Kuyana na nyuzipepara ya The Guardian, wakatondeka kumazga suzgo la vyakurya mu caru mu nyengo yake yaciŵiri, ico cikapangiska kuti waleke nchito.
Nyifwa
Wakafwa pamanyuma pa opareshoni ya kansa ya mu wongo ku Johannesburg, South Africa pa 12 June 2006 apo wakaŵa na vyaka 67. Ŵakamusunga pa dindi la boma. Wasiya mkazi wake Christina Chihana, mwana Enoch Chihana, na ŵana ŵaŵiri ŵasungwana, Nina na Tawonga.
Senden
Senden ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Russell County, Virginia
Russell County, Virginia ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Virginia mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Virginia lina tumisumba 133 mukwati mwake (counties).
Donley County, Texas
Donley County, Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Dimmit County, Texas
Dimmit County, Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Landl
Landl ni msumba mu boma la Styria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Senftenberg
Senftenberg ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Seßlach
Seßlach ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Storkow (Mark)
Storkow (Mark) ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Sendenhorst
Sendenhorst ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Nelly Mutti
Nelly Butete Kashumba Mutti (wakababika pa 30 August 1956) ni loya wa ku Zambia ndipo ni mwanakazi wakudanga kuŵa Speaker wa National Assembly  pamanyuma pakugwentha.
Paço de Arcos
Paço de Arcos ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Kobenz
Kobenz ni msumba mu boma la Styria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Paço de Sousa
Paço de Sousa ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Astravyets
Astravyets ni msumba mu charu cha Belarus mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Stößen
Stößen ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Edwards County, Texas
Edwards County, Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Paião
Paião ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Stralsund
Stralsund ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Cassim Chilumpha
Cassim Chilumpha niwachibili kwa presidenti mu chalo cha Malawi.
Straelen
Straelen ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Cassim Chilumpha
Cassim wakasebezapo muboma la Bakili Muluzi umo wakaba nduna ya za ndalama mu vyaka va 1998 mpaka 2000. Kweni chifukwa chakusachizkikila kuti wakabovwira banthu bakuzenga masukulu kupusika boma na kusakaza ndalama zinandi Muluzi wakabalekeska.
Chikabaso chakuzizika kuti Bakili Muluzi wakasankha Cassim Chilumpha kuti wayimilile lumoza na Bingu mu chipani cha UDF. Pa zuba la makhumi yabili na chinayi mu mwezi wachinkhondi mu chaka cha 2004 (24 May 2004) Chilumpha wakazgoka wachibili kwa mulongozgi wachitatu wa Malaŵi, Bingu wa Mutharika.
Kweni Chilumpha na Mutharika bakuba ngeti bakusebezera lumoza chara, chifukwa pakhala vyakuchitika vinandi ivo vikulongola kuti pali suzgo pakati pabanthu babili aba. Banthu banandi bakughanaghana kuti Cassim wakuyendela ndondomeko ya presidenti wakale Bakili Muluzi.
Pa zuba la 8 February 2006 Mutharika wakaphalila wupu wabaMalawi kuti wachibili wake Cassim Chilumpha wathula pasi udindo wake (m'machitiro) chifukwa chakugwenthagwentha mawungano (indaba) ghabalalabalala baboma. Nkhani iyi kuti yikakondweska baChilumpha chara, ndipo bakalitorela boma kukhoti. Panyengo yasono, Khoti lilikulamula kuti Khoti la Kendeskero ka charu ndilo liwunike kuti kasi wachibili kwa president wangathula pasi udindo mwantheura.
Pa 30th January 2007 mphala yayikulu yikayamba mulandi wa Cassim Chilumpha apo boma lilikumumanga chifukwa chakuti bati walikuwukila boma.
Langenwang
Langenwang ni msumba mu boma la Styria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Barotziland-Kumpoto-Kwanjililo gha Dazi Rhodesia
Barotziland North-Western Rhodesia yikaŵa boma la Britain ilo likalamuliranga kumwera kwa Central Africa ilo likapangika mu 1899. Chigaŵa ichi chikaŵa kumpoto kwa Rhodesia na Barotseland.
Lang, Styria
Lang, Styria ni msumba mu boma la Styria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Paços de Brandão
Paços de Brandão ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Barotziland-Kumpoto-Kwanjililo gha Dazi Rhodesia
Boma la Britain la South Africa Company ndilo likalamuliranga charu ichi. Chikaŵa chikuru chomene pa vyaru vitatu ivyo vikachemekanga Rhodesia. Vinyake viŵiri ni Southern Rhodesia na North-Eastern Rhodesia. Mu 1911, charu ichi chikasazgikana na Northern-Eastern Rhodesia, chigaŵa chinyake icho chikaŵa pasi pa British South Africa Company.
Mbili
Mu 1890, kampani ya British South Africa Company yikachita phangano na Themba Lewanika la Barotse, uyo wakaŵa muwusi wankhongono chomene mu chigaŵa ichi. Themba Lewanika likasaina phangano ili cifukwa cakuti likawopanga kuti Ŵapwitikizi (ku Angola kumanjiliro gha dazi) na Ŵandebele (Matabele) kumanjiliro gha dazi ŵambenge kuwukira.
Phangano ili likapeleka yayi wanangwa uwu ku caru ici, cifukwa boma la Britain ndilo likaŵa na wanangwa uwu. Nangauli vikaŵa nthena, chikalata ichi chikapeleka wanangwa wa kuvikilira chigaŵa cha Barotse, kweniso chikapeleka wanangwa wa kuguliska na kuguliska vinthu vya mu chigaŵa ichi.
Mu 1897, Robert Coryndon, mulembi wa Cecil Rhodes, wakatumika na Rhodes kuti waŵe mwimiliri wa British South Africa Company ku Barotseland. Mu Okutobala 1897 wakafika ku Lealui, msumba ukuru wa Themba Lewanika, uko ŵakamupokelera makora. Pakwamba, Lewanika wakapulikiska yayi kuti Coryndon wangimira kampani ya British South Africa Company na boma la United Kingdom.
El Paso County, Texas
El Paso County, Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Barotziland-Kumpoto-Kwanjililo gha Dazi Rhodesia
Mbili
Ndipouli, mu Novembala 1899 Fumukazi Victoria yikasaina Barotziland/North Western Rhodesia Order in Council, 1899. Gulu ili likasazga charu cha Rhodesia na Barotseland ndipo likakhazikiska boma la Barotziland. Themba Lewanika likakondwa comene na muwuso uwu.
Kuyana na dango ili, kampani iyi yikamba kulamulira caru ciphya. Boma liphya ili likalongozgekanga na Mulara uyo wakasankhika na mulara wa ku South Africa. Mulara wa ŵasilikari wakapanganga malango ghakukhwaskana na boma ili. Chigaŵa ichi chikagaŵika vigaŵa 9.
Schmallenberg
Schmallenberg ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Pampilhosa
Pampilhosa ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Barotziland-Kumpoto-Kwanjililo gha Dazi Rhodesia
Mbili
Mu Seputembala 1900, Coryndon wakasankhika kuŵa Mulara wakwamba. Wakaŵa pa udindo uwu m'paka mu 1907. Coryndon wakasankhika na Robert Codrington, uyo wakafwa mukati mwa chaka chimoza kufuma apo wakamba kuwusa. Munthu waumaliro kuŵa Mulara wakaŵa Lawrence Aubrey Wallace. Pakwamba msumba uwu ukaŵa ku Kalomo, ndipo mu 1907 ukasamukira ku Livingstone.
Apo boma la Rhodesia likasazgikana na Northern Rhodesia mu 1911, Mulara wa Northern Rhodesia wakatora milimo iyo yikacitikanga na Mulara wa Barotziland │North-Western Rhodesia.
Malango
Dango la England ndilo likalongozganga boma la Britain. Pa milandu ya ŵanthu ŵa mu caru ici, dango na mitheto ya ŵanthu ŵa mu caru ici ndivyo vikeneranga kuŵa vyakuzirwa comene, kupaturako para vikukolerana yayi na mazaza na mazaza gha Fumu. Wupu wa Wupu Wakulongozga ukaŵa na mazaza gha kweruzga milandu. Khoti la Ŵalaraŵalara likakhazikiskika, ilo likaŵa na ŵeruzgi ŵatatu, ndipo mulara wa khoti ndiyo wakaŵa pulezidenti. Pa vyeruzgo vya makhoti agha pakaŵa mwaŵi wa kuzenga apilu ku Court of Administrators. Para khoti la ku Cape Colony lazomerezgeka, munthu wangadandawura ku khoti likuru chomene la ku Cape Colony.
Ukaboni
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Lancaster County, Virginia
Lancaster County, Virginia ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Virginia mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Virginia lina tumisumba 133 mukwati mwake (counties).
Collingsworth County, Texas
Collingsworth County, Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Pampilhosa da Serra
Pampilhosa da Serra ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Greene County, Virginia
Greene County, Virginia ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Virginia mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Virginia lina tumisumba 133 mukwati mwake (counties).
Comal County, Texas
Comal County, Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Paranhos da Beira
Paranhos da Beira ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Palmela
Palmela ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Schmalkalden
Schmalkalden ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Duval County, Texas
Duval County, Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Orange County, Virginia
Orange County, Virginia ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Virginia mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Virginia lina tumisumba 133 mukwati mwake (counties).
Geoffrey Du Mhango
Geoffrey L. du Mhango ni nkhwantha ya vyachuma, mulembi, na ndyali wa ku Malawi. Wakababikira ku Karonga kumpoto kwa Malawi. Wakagwiranga nchito nga ni Senior Development Economist ku Development Bank of Southern Africa (DBSA) ku Johannesburg, South Africa kwa virimika 10 kufuma mu 1987 mpaka 1998 kweniso ku ministry of foreign affairs ku Malawi. Iyo wakutemwa kupanga ndondomeko yakwendeskera vinthu vya mu tawuni na kunozga mitengo ya vinthu. Iyo ni mamembala gha komiti ya Karonga Natural Resources Development Committee iyo yikulaŵilira vinthu vyakukhumbikwa na umo vinthu vyakhwaskikira chifukwa cha kampani ya ku Australia, Paladin Energy mu Malawi Karonga.
Vyandale
Mhango wakunjilirapo pa ndyali ya Malawi. Wakaŵa mu gulu la AFORD (Alliance for Democracy). Wakaŵa wachiŵiri kwa purezidenti wa chipani ichi pasi pa muwuso wa chakufwa Chihana. Apo ubwezi na Chihana ukaŵa wakusuzga cifukwa ca maubwezi gha Chihana, iyo wakaŵa mu gulu ilo likasuskanga Chihana ndipo wakawukira ungano wa AFORD mu 2002. Ŵakazenga chipani chiphya, Movement for Genuine Democratic Change (Mgode) uko wakaŵa mulongozgi wa nyengo yeneyiyo. Kweni mu 2004, vikamanyikwa kuti mu gulu la MGODE mukaŵa magulu. Msasa wakwamba ukalongozgekanga na Secretary General Greene Rulilo Mwamondwe na MP, Nelson Kampunga Mwafulirwa. Msasa waciŵiri ukalongozgekanga na mulaŵiliri wa nyengo yicoko Du Mhango. Gulu la Mwamondwe likukolerana na chipani cha National Democratic Alliance (NDA) ndipo ŵakachitiranga lumoza maungano. Gulu la Mhango likayowoya kuti ndakujiyimira pawekha ndipo likakhumbanga kuti ŵandyali ŵachitenge ndyali. Gulu la Mhango, likakhumbanga kukolerana na chipani.
Falls County, Texas
Falls County, Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Geoffrey Du Mhango
Ntchito zakutandazgika
Geoffrey L. Du Mhango 1998
Geoffrey du Mhango
Umoyo wamunthu
Pa chisankho cha chaka cha 2004, wakimilira ngati munthu wakujiyimira payekha wa mphala ya malango ya chigaŵa cha Karonga North. Mubali wake, Bazuka Mhango mu chisankho chenechichi wakimilira nga MP wa Karonga North West.
Wakufuma ku banja la ndyali ndipo ni munung'una wa Bazuka Mhango. Kweniso ni muzukuru wa Du Chisiza. Wakababika waumaliro mu mbumba ya ŵabali ŵanayi na mudumbu yumoza. Wakutengwa kwa Margaret Khonje ndipo ŵali na ŵana 6 na ŵazukuru 16.
Ukaboni
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Nyumba ya Afilika
Nyumba ya Afilika ni buku ilo lalembeka na Christina Lamb mu 1999. Buku ili lili na mutu wakuti The True Story of an English Gentleman and His African Dream.
Mwakudumula
The Africa House ni nkhani ya umoyo wa msilikari, uyo wakaŵa wakwamba kukhazikika mu vyaru vinyake, wandale ndiposo wakukhozgera wanangwa wa Africa Stewart Gore-Browne pakuzenga chiharo chake cha Shiwa Ngandu ku Northern Rhodesia, sono Zambia. Buku ili likamba mu 1996 apo wakakumana na muzukuru wa Gore-Browne ku Lusaka. Buku ili lili na mabuku gha Gore-Browne, makalata, mapepara na vithuzithuzi vya mbumba yake, kweniso ivyo wakafumba ŵabali na ŵabwezi ŵake.
Kupokera
Ŵanthu ŵakakondwa yayi na buku la The Africa House.
The Independent yikati buku ili ni'mbiri yiwemi comene' kweni yikamunena Lamb cifukwa ca 'kuŵika maghanoghano gha ŵanthu mu maghanoghano ghawo' kweniso yikati vithuzithuzi vinandi vikaŵa 'vicoko comene kuti vimanyikwenge.' Buku la Kirkus Reviews likati buku ili 'ndakucenjezga kweni ndakukhozga mtima comene kwa munthu uyo wakaŵa na maghanoghano ghaheni, nangauli wakacitanga viheni vinandi yayi.'
Mu nkhani iyo wakalemba mu nyuzipepara ya New Statesman, Graham Boynton wakalemba kuti buku la The Africa House 'ndakuzirwa comene, cifukwa likuyowoya waka za munthu wapadera yayi, kweni likovwiraso kulongosora malo gha ŵazungu mu Africa.'
Publishers Weekly ŵakayowoya kuti buku ili likaŵa 'lakukondweska ndipo likalembeka makora chomene, nangauli ivyo Lamb wakuchita pakulongosora umoyo wa ŵanthu awo wakuŵasambizga vikuwoneka nga ni vyautesi, ndipo ivyo wakuyowoya vikubenekelera chomene Ufumu wa Britain.'
Dascha Polanco
Umoyo wake
Polanco wakababika mu Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, ndipo wakasamira ku United States apo wakaŵa muwukirano. Wakakulira mu Sunset Park, Brooklyn, na Miami uko adada ŵake ŵakaŵa makhanikhi, ndipo amama ŵake ŵakaŵa ŵasayansi ŵakuwona vya kutozga thupi. Polanco ni mwana wakwamba pa ŵana ŵatatu; wali na munung'una na mudumbu wake.
Ntchito
Polanco wakakhumbanga kuŵa wamaseŵero kufuma waka pa wanici wake kweni "wakakayikiranga nyengo zose para wakuluta ku ma audition cifukwa ca kunenepa", ntheura wakamalizga masambiro gha psychology ku Hunter College. Wati wamalizga masambiro gha ku koleji wakamba kugwira nchito ya vyaumoyo na cilato cakuti wazakaŵe nesi. Wakagwiranga nchito ku chipatala cha Montefiore Medical Center mu Bronx apo wakasambiranga vya unesi, ndipo wakakhwima mtima na kwamba kucita maseŵero. Wakasambira pa sukulu ya BIH Studios ku New York, ndipo apo wakaŵa ku sukulu iyi, wakalembeskeka na wupu wa Shirley Grant Management. Ntchito yake yakwamba yikaŵa ya vigaŵa vichoko waka mu ma TV gha Unforgettable na NYC 22.
Mu chaka cha 2012, Polanco wakaloleka kuti wagwire ntchito ya Dayanara "Daya" Diaz mu filimu ya Netflix ya Orange Is the New Black.
Mu 2013, Polanco adawonekera mu filimu yodziyimira payokha ya Gimme Shelter asanabwerere ku Orange Is the New Black nyengo yachiwiri. Mu Juni 2014, adalengezedwa kuti adakwezedwa kuchokera ku ntchito yobwereza ku mndandanda wokhazikika wa chiwonetsero cha nyengo yachitatu, yomwe idatulutsidwa mu June 2015. Wakawoneskeka mu mafilimu gha The Cobbler na Joy, ndipo wakawonekaso mu filimu ya The Perfect Match.
Mu 2018, Polanco adachita nawo gawo lina mu The Assassination of Gianni Versace: American Crime Story, ndipo mu 2019, adachita nawo gawo lina mu mndandanda wa Netflix, Russian Doll ndi When They See Us.
Mu 2021, Polanco adachita gawo la Cuca, m'modzi mwa azimayi omwe akutsogolera salon, mu kanema In the Heights.
Kufuma mu 2021 kufika mu 2022, Polaco wakalongosora mazgu gha Ms. Camilla Torres, mama wa Winston uyo wali na sitoro yakuguliskiramo sumu, mu sinema ya Karma's World.
Umoyo wamunthu
Polanco wali na ŵana ŵaŵiri, mwana msungwana na msepuka. Mwana wake msungwana wakachita nga ni Polanco mu nyengo ya 5 ya Orange Is the New Black. Mu 2015, Polanco wakapika mulandu wa kusuzga muwukirano, chifukwa "wakaponyapo kanandi waka na kukasweka.”  Kweni pamanyuma ŵakamulekeska mulandu.
Ulimi mu Malaŵi
Vinthu vikuru comene ivyo Malawi wakuguliska ni hona, tiyi, katoni, mphonje, shuga na khofi. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 2000, ŵanthu ŵakamba kulima chomene hona, kweni mu vyaka 25 ivyo vyajumpha, ŵanthu ŵakamba kulima chomene hona. Mu virimika 100 ivyo vyajumpha, tiyi na mphonje vyazara comene, kweni makuni gha katoni ghachepa comene. Vyakurya vikuru ni mbuto za. Vigaŵa vikuruvikuru vya vyakumera ni vyakurya vya hona, tiyi, shuga, na makuni. Kukula kwa malonda kwa mafakitale kumawerengedwa kuti ndi 10% (2009).
Nyengo ya Chikoloni
Nangauli charu cha Nyasaland chikaŵa na vinthu vinyake, comenecomene malasha. Pakuti charu ichi chikaŵavya migodi, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakakhalanga mu vyaru ivi. Pakati pa vyaka vya m'ma 1800 na m'ma 1900, mu chigaŵa cha Shire Valley ŵakaliskanga manioc, mpunga, nyemba na mphoza, mu vigaŵa vya Shire Highlands ŵakaliskanga chiŵiya cha chimanga, manioc, mphoza na mphoza, kweniso mu chigaŵa cha Lake Nyasa (lero ni Lake Malawi). Vipambi ivi vikalutilira kuŵa vyakurya vikuruvikuru mu nyengo yose iyo ŵanthu ŵakakhalanga mu vyaru vinyake, nangauli vikaŵa na mphoza zichoko na chimanga. Ŵanthu ŵakaliskanga chomene hona na makuni ghanyake gha makuni.
Ŵanthu ŵanandi ku Nyasaland ŵakaŵa ŵalimi awo ŵakalimanga phura, mphoza, na vyakurya vinyake. Vyaru ivi vikaŵa na vyakurya vinandi, kweni pambere chaka cha 1907 chindafike, vyakurya vya malonda vikaŵa kuti vindambe kukura. Mu nyengo iyo caru cikaŵa pambere caru cindambe kuwusa, ŵanthu ŵakaguliskanga waka vinthu vya mu nkhorongo na vyakumera. Cakurya cakwamba ico ŵanthu ŵakamwanga cikaŵa khofi, ndipo ŵakamba kulima comene kufuma mu 1895, kweni cifukwa ca mpikisano wa ku Brazil uwo ukafika pa caru cose mu 1905, ndipo kukawa chilangalanga, khofi wakakhira na kwamba kulima hona na thonje. Vipambi vyose viŵiri ivi vikaŵanga vichoko chomene, kweni chifukwa chakuti khofi wakukwera chomene, ŵalimi ŵakamba kugwiliskira ntchito hona mu chigaŵa cha Shire Highlands na katoni mu chigaŵa cha Shire Valley. Mu 1905, ŵanthu ŵakamba kulima tiyi mu malo gha Shire Highlands, kweni ŵakamba kulima hona na tiyi mu 1908.
Mu vyaka vyakwambilira vya m'ma 1900, vyaru vya ku Europe vikalimanga vyakurya vinandi, kweni m'ma 1930, vyakurya vinandi, chomenechomene hona na katoni, vikapangikanga na ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa. Cakurya cakwamba ico ŵanthu ŵakamwanga cikaŵa khofi, ndipo ŵakamba kulima comene kwamba mu 1895, kweni cifukwa ca kususkana na vyakurya vya ku Brazil mu 1905, khofi wakakhira na kwamba kulima hona na thonje. Vipambi vyose viŵiri ivi vikaŵanga vichoko chomene, kweni chifukwa chakuti khofi wakukwera chomene, ŵanthu ŵakamba kulima hona mu chigaŵa cha Shire Highlands na katoni mu chigaŵa cha Shire River Valley. Mu 1905, ŵanthu ŵakamba kulima tiyi mu malo gha Shire Highlands, kweni ŵakamba kulima hona na tiyi mu 1908. Mu nyengo ya muwuso uwu, hona, tiyi, na katoni vikaŵa vyakurya vikuru ivyo ŵakaguliskiranga ku vyaru vinyake. Vinthu vikuru ivyo vikatondeska kuti vyakurya vyakwambukira ku vyaru vinyake ni ndalama zinandi izo ŵanthu ŵakaguliranga kufuma ku Nyasaland kuluta ku mtunda, vipasi vya vyakurya vinandi, kweniso kuti ŵalimi ŵa ku Africa ŵaleke kulimbikira kulima katoni panji hona.
TChigaŵa cha hona icho ŵalimi ŵa ku Europe ŵakalimanga mu chigaŵa cha Shire Highlands chikakwera kufuma pa mahekita 1,800 kufika pa mahekita 5,700 pakati pa 1911 na 1920. Pambere chaka cha 1920 chindafike, ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ndiwo ŵakaguliskanga hona wakuŵaŵa. Kweni mu 1924, ŵakaguliskanga hona wakukwana 14 peresenti. Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Caru Cose yikawovwira kuti hona wakure comene, kweni nkhondo yikati yamara, ŵanthu ŵa ku United States ku Virginia ŵakamba kulimbana na ŵanthu ŵa ku Nyasaland. Hona uyo wakapangikanga mu vyaru vinandi vya ku Europe wakaŵa wambura kukwana, ndipo mu ma 1920, hona uyo wakapangikanga na flue-cured wakachepa chomene. Mu 1924, ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe ndiwo ŵakapanga 86% ya hona wa ku Malawi, 57% mu 1927, 28% mu 1933, kweni 16% pera mu 1936. Nangauli vyakurya ivi vikakhira, kweni pakati pa 1921 na 1932, hona ndiyo wakapanganga vyakurya vinandi. Mu 1926, gulu linyake la ŵanthu ŵa ku India likamba kupanga hona. Kuzakafika mu 1935, 70% ya vyakurya vya hona vikaŵa mu chigaŵa cha Central, uko boma likaŵa na ŵalimi pafupifupi 30,000. Pakwamba, ŵanthu aŵa ŵakagwiranga nchito ya kulima minda ya Ufumu (iyo yikumanyikwaso kuti Native Trust Land), kweni pamanyuma, ŵakamba kugwiraso nchito ya kulima minda ya viŵeto. Ŵalimi ŵa hona ŵakasazgikira comene pamanyuma pa Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Caru Cose, ntheura mu 1950 pakaŵa ŵalimi ŵakujumpha 104,500 awo ŵakapanda makuni gha hona pa malo ghakukwana mahekita 53,000 na kunozga matani 10,000. Pa ŵanthu aŵa, pafupifupi vigaŵa vitatu pa vigaŵa vinayi ŵakaŵa ŵalimi ŵachoko, awo ŵakakhalanga mu malo ghakupumulirako. Pamanyuma, unandi wawo ukakhira, kweni mu 1965 ŵakaŵa 70,000, ndipo ŵakapanga matani 12,000.
Vinyama
Vinyama, ni vyamoyo ivyo vina vimenyu (vya doto) kunjumpha chimoza mu ufumu wa vyamoyo vyochemeka Nyama-nyama. Nangawuli nyama zinyakhe zilije mwa vinthu ivi kweni zinandi zikuchita ntheula kuti imanyikwe kuti no nyama nadi:
Ulimi mu Malaŵi
Nyengo ya Chikoloni
Mu 1903, ŵalimi ŵachokoŵachoko ŵa ku Africa ndiwo ŵakamba kulima makuni gha katoni gha ku Eguputo. Kuzakafika mu 1905, ŵanthu ŵakamba kulima makuni gha katoni mu chigaŵa cha Shire Highlands. Makampani gha The British Central Africa Company Ltd na African Lakes Corporation ghakakoperanga makuni agha m'paka mu 1912 apo boma likakhazikiska misika ya makuni agha. Pamanyuma pa kulima mwambura kughanaghanirapo pa malo ghambura kwenelera, kukhozga malo ghakupwanthirapo kufika pa mahekitala 4,000 (10,000 acres) na kusazgirako makhaliro ghakupambanapambana ghakawovwira kuti vyakurya vya katoni vifike pa 44% mu 1917. Chifukwa cha kusoŵerwa kwa ŵantchito, vyakurya vikamba kuchepa mu nyengo ya nkhondo, ndipo vikamara yayi m'paka mu 1924, kweni mu 1932 vikakwana matani 2,700 ndipo mu 1935 vikaguliskika matani 4,000. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ndiwo ŵakagwiranga ntchito iyi mu chipalamba cha Shire, chifukwa ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe ŵakagwiranga yayi. Cakuzirwa ca katundu wakuguliska wa thonje cikakhira kufuma pa 16% mu 1922 kufika pa 5% mu 1932, ndipo mu 1941 cikafika pa 10%, ndipo mu 1951 cikafika pa 7%. .
Vinyama
-kurya
Ulimi mu Malaŵi
Nyengo ya Chikoloni
Tiyi wakwamba kutumizgika kufuma ku Nyasaland mu 1904 pamanyuma pakuti minda ya tiyi yakhazikiskika mu vigaŵa vya Mlanje District, ivyo pamasinda vikazgoka Cholo District. Pakwamba, tiyi yikakuranga comene, ndipo kufuma mu 1934, yikakura kufuma pa 6% mu 1932 kufika pa 20% mu 1935. Mu vyaka vitatu ivi, mu 1955, 1957, na 1960, mtengo wa tiyi uwo ŵakaguliskanga ukaluska wa hona. Ndipo m'paka pakati pa m'ma 1960, charu cha Nyasaland ndicho chikaŵa na malo ghakuru chomene gha tiyi mu Africa. Nangauli tiyi iyi yikaŵa yakuzirwa comene ku boma la Britain, kweni suzgo likuru pa caru cose likaŵa lakuti yikaŵanga yaucoko.
Vinyama
-kuthuta
Ulimi mu Malaŵi
Nyengo ya Chikoloni
Mu nyengo ya ukoloni, ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ŵakagwiranga ntchito ya kulima m'malo mwa kulipira renti ya malo agho ŵakalerangamo vyakurya. Pakwamba, ŵanthu ŵakagwiranga nchito kwa myezi yiŵiri pa caka, mwezi umoza pa renti, ndipo unyake pa msonkho. Ndipouli, pa malo ghanyake, ŵantchito awo ŵakagwiranga nchito mu nyumba iyi ŵakeneranga kugwira nchito zinandi. Mu ma 1920, ŵanthu ŵakamba kukhumba chomene ŵantchito ŵa ku malo agha, ndipo kampani ya British Central Africa Company ndiyo yikaŵa yakwamba kusintha thangata. Kampani iyi yikapelekanga mbuto ku ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu vyaru vya ku Africa kuti ŵalimenge katoni panji hona, na kuguliska vipasi vyawo ku kampani iyi pa mtengo wapasi. Dango ilo likapelekeka mu 1928, likapeleka mwaŵi ku ŵeneko ŵa nyumba kuti ŵapokerenge ndalama zakugulira nyumba, mbuto zakukwana, panji ntchito. Lizgu lakuti thangata likang'anamulikanga ku renti, iyo yikaŵa yakumanyikwa pa minda ya hona na katoni, kweniso ku thangata, mtundu wakale wa ntchito, uwo ukaŵa pa minda ya tiyi.
Vinyama
-kwenda
Miwunjiko ya vinyama pachalo yikukwana kujumpha 7 miliyoni kweni 1.5 miliyoni ndivo vikumanyikwa nkhanira-nkhanira ndipo miliyoni mwa ivi ni vibenene. Utali wa vinyama ungaŵa palipose pakati pa mikromita 8.5 na kandilo 33.6. vinyama vikukumananga nthowa zakupambana pambana ndipo pala zikuryana, zikuryana mwakupilingizga nga utatavi. Kuŵazga kwa vinyama kukuchemeka Uzuwoli kufuma ku 'zoology' mu chingelezi
Ulimi mu Malaŵi
Pamasinda pa ufulu
Pa nyengo iyo charu cha Malawi chikamba kujiyimira paŵekha mu 1964, malo agho ghakaŵa ghakukolerana na ulimi ghakaŵa mahekitala pafupifupi 3.42 miliyoni. Malo ghanandi agho ghakaŵa ghakwenelera kulima vyakurya ghakaŵa gha ŵanthu ŵa ku Malawi pa nyengo iyo ŵakafwatukira. Kwambira mu 1950 m'paka m'ma 1980, Malawi wakatumanga vyakurya vinandi chomene. Pakwamba, ici cikacitika cifukwa ca kusintha kwa ndondomeko ya vyakurya, kufuma pa njara ya mu 1949, ndipo mbuto iyi yikamba kuŵa ya ndalama zinandi, kweni yikalutilira nangauli pamanyuma pake pakaŵa suzgo lakuti ŵambeko kulima vyakurya ivi. Ŵalimi ŵacokoŵacoko ŵakaghanaghananga kuti vyakurya ivyo vikufuma ku malo agha vikukura kufuma pa matani 0.6 pa hektara mu ma 1950 kufika pa matani 0.8 pa hektara mu ma 1960, ndipo vikakwera kufika pa matani 1.2 pa hektara (1,8 para ŵabisa manoni) mu ma 1980. Kufika pakatikati pa ma 1980, Malaŵi ndiyo yikaguliskanga vyakurya.
Vinyama
Undondomeko wa nyama
Nyama zili mu magulu agha:
Ulimi mu Malaŵi
Pamasinda pa ufulu
Mu 1970, ku Europe kukaŵa minda 229 ya mahekitala 79,000, kweni mu 1989 yikaŵa na mahekitala 14,355 pa mahekitala 759,000 ndipo yikajumpha mahekitala miliyoni. Pa malo agha, pafupifupi 25% ghakaŵa gha vyakurya vya hona. Vinthu vinandi vikaleka kugwira ntchito nangauli ŵakaŵanga na ngongoli zakukwana yayi. Para malo ghazengeka, ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu malo agha ŵakaŵavya wanangwa wa kupoka malo ndipo ŵakafumangamo panji ŵakamba kugwira ntchito mu malo agha. Mu 1968, ŵanthu 51,000 ŵakagwiranga nchito mu vyaru vya vyakurya (kanandi mu minda ya tiyi). Mu 1990, ŵanthu 675,000 awo ŵakakhalanga mu malo ghakusangirapo ŵanthu ŵakalembeka ndipo ŵanthu 580,000 ŵakakhalanga mu malo ghakusangirapo ŵanthu. Ŵacoko waka ndiwo ŵakakuranga cakurya cawo cose kweni ŵakathembanga pa vyakurya ivyo ŵakapika. Vipambi vya hona vikaŵa vyambura kukhumbikwa, ntheura vyakurya vikasoŵa.
Vinyama
Undondomeko wa nyama
chiikaya - vimenyu
Ulimi mu Malaŵi
Pamasinda pa ufulu
Chifukwa cha kulimbikira ulimi, nyengo iyo vyakumera vikukhalira mu malo agha yikakhira. Vinthu vikamba kwenda makora mu minda yinandi ya ku Malawi, ndipo ivi vikapangiska kuti dongo liŵe na nthamba zinandi. Vipambi vikamba kuchepa mu minda iyi. Kuzakafika mu 1992, vyakurya ivi vikaŵa kuti vyafika mu mapiri na mu chipalamba cha Rift Valley. Vyaru ivyo ŵalimi ŵachoko ŵakulimira mbuto za mbuto za mbuto zikakura na 20% pakati pa 1968 na 2000 cifukwa ca kugwiliskira nchito malo ghacoko. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1960, minda yinandi ya ku mizi yikaŵa na malo ghambura kukwana mahekita ghaŵiri.
Vinyama
Undondomeko wa nyama
pambula - unikonta
Ulimi mu Malaŵi
Pamasinda pa ufulu
Mu virimika vinandi vya m'ma 1900, vyakurya vikuru comene vya ku Malawi vikaŵa vyamuminda ndipo kuumaliro wa m'ma 1900, vyamuminda 90 pa 100 vikaŵa vyamuminda, ivyo vikaŵa na vyakurya 56 pa 100 vyose ivyo ŵanthu ŵakaryanga. Malaŵi ndiyo yikaŵa caru ico cikathembanga chomene vyakurya vya mbuto pa caru cose, kupaturako Zambia. Vyakurya vinyake ivyo ŵakagwiliskiranga nchito pa nyengo iyi vikaŵa maniyu ku Lake Shore na mbatata ku Shire. Malo ghakulera mbuto ghakakwera kufuma pa 1,3 miliyoni mu 1980 kufika pa 1,6 miliyoni mu 2000. Ndipouli, vuna ya mbuto yikamba kusintha comene, kufuma pa mtunda wa matani 1.5 miliyoni mu 1989 na matani 1.3 miliyoni mu 1990 kufika pa mtunda wa matani 0.6 miliyoni mu 1994 na matani 0.8 miliyoni mu 1992. Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa vyakurya, kufuma mu ma 1990, vyakurya vya mbatata na cassava vikovwira kuti vyakurya ivyo vikutonda chilangalanga vikure makora.
Vinyama
Undondomeko wa nyama
pambula - obazoa
Ulimi mu Malaŵi
Pamasinda pa ufulu
Kuyana na kafukufuku, malo ghakupandamo manija ghakura kufuma pa mahekitala 72,000 mu 1990 kufika pa mahekitala ghakujumpha 200,000 mu 2001. Vikuwoneka kuti chigaŵa icho ŵalima mbuto za batata chikakwera kufuma pa mahekitala 43,000 kufika pa mahekitala 192,000 pakati pa 1990 na 2001, apo vyakurya ivyo ŵakapanda vikakwera kufuma pa matani 177,000 kufika pa matani 3.4 miliyoni mu nyengo yeneyiyi. Ŵanthu ŵakususkana comene pa nkhani ya unandi wa vyakurya ivi, kweni ŵakuyowoya kuti mbuto ya mbuto iyi njakuzirwa comene yayi, nangauli yikupanga 60% ya vyakurya.
Vinyama
Undondomeko wa nyama
pambula - thokonta
Ulimi mu Malaŵi
Pamasinda pa ufulu
Nangauli mitengo ya hona yikakhira comene mu 1979, kweni Banki ya Caru Cose yikaghanaghananga kuti kulima hona wa Burley na ŵalimi ŵachoko kukawovwira kuti ŵanthu ŵaleke kukavuka. Kwambira mu 1987, ŵaliska ŵachoko ŵakazomerezgeka kulima burley, ndipo ŵakaguliska mu 1996173. Awo ŵakaŵa ŵasambazi comene pa ŵalimi ŵacokoŵacoko ŵakasanganga ndalama zinandi kufuma ku Burley pamanyuma pa kusintha kwa malango. Vipambi vya Burley vya ku Malawi vikakwera kufuma pa matani 45,600 mu 1988 kufika pa matani 142,200 mu 2000. Mu 1992, burley iyi yikakura na 10% ya burley yose, kweni msika ukayamba kuchepa ndipo mtengo wa burley ya ku Malawi ukakhira pakati pa 1988 na 2000. Kafukufuku wakulongora kuti mu 2000, ŵanthu 10 pa ŵanthu 10 awo ŵakakhalanga ku mizi ya ku Malawi ŵakaliskanga hona. Mu vilimika vinayi ivi, Burley wakazenga malo ghakukwana mahekitala 300,000 agho ghakaŵa ghakwenelera kulima mbuto za mbuto za mbuto. Ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵa na malo ghakukwana, ŵantchito, vyakurya, na hona ŵakasanganga ndalama zichoko waka, kweni ŵakaŵanga na suzgo la kusintha kwa mitengo ya vinthu kweniso nyengo yiheni. Burley ndiyo wakamazga masuzgo gha ku Malawi yayi.
Vinyama
Undondomeko wa nyama
pambula - holozoa
Ulimi mu Malaŵi
Pamasinda pa ufulu
Mazuŵa ghano, Malawi wali na njara ya vyakurya iyo yikukwana matani 500,000 m'paka 600,000 pa chaka. Ŵanthu ŵayezgayezga kuti ŵamazge suzgo ili na vyakurya vinyake, kweni nthowa ziŵiri izo ŵamazgira suzgo ili ni kunozga mbuto zinandi panji kulima mbuto zinandi. Kulipira vyakurya ivyo vikufuma ku vyaru vinyake kukuchepeska ndalama izo Malawi wali nazo mu vyaru vinyake ndipo kukupangiska ngongoli yikuru.
Vinyama
Undondomeko wa nyama
pambula - filozoa