cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Mbiri ya Zanzibar
Kujiyimira paŵekha na chipani
Boma la ku Zanzibar likaŵa na maboma ghaŵiri, la Standard Bank na National na Grindlays Bank. Vinthu ivi vikapangiska kuti paŵe Banki ya Zanzibar. Jetha Lila, banki yimoza ya ŵanthu ŵa ku Zanzibar, yikajalika. Nangauli boma la Zanzibar likaŵachiska kuti ŵalutilire kugwira ntchito, kweni chifukwa chakuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Zanzibar ŵakaleka kugwiliskira ntchito malo agha, ŵakaleka kugwiliskira ntchito.
Cimoza mwa vinthu vikuru ivyo vikacitika cifukwa ca kugaluka kwa Zanzibar cikaŵa kuti ŵathereske mazaza gha ŵamazaza ŵa Ŵaarabu na ŵa ku Asia, awo ŵakaŵa na mazaza kwa vilimika pafupifupi 200. Nangauli charu ichi chikasazgikana na charu cha Tanganyika, kweni Zanzibar chikalutilira kuŵa na wupu wa Revolutionary Council na House of Representatives. Boma la Zanzibar likulongozgeka na pulezidenti, ndipo Karume ndiyo wakaŵa wakwamba. Boma ili likagwiliskira nchito ivyo vikacitika pa nyengo ya kugaluka kuti licitiske kusintha vinthu mu caru cose. Vinyake mwa vinthu ivi vikaŵa vya kuwuskako mazaza gha Ŵaarabu. Mwaciyelezgero, nchito ya boma ya ku Zanzibar yikazgoka cigaŵa ca ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa, ndipo caru cikagaŵikaso ku Ŵaarabu na ŵa ku Africa. Boma likambaso kusintha vinthu pa umoyo wa ŵanthu, nga ni wovwiri wa wupu wakuwona vya umoyo wa ŵanthu wose na kujura masambiro ku ŵana ŵa sukulu ŵa ku Africa (awo ŵakaŵa na malo 12% pera pa masukulu gha sekondare pambere nkhondo yindambe).
Boma likapempha wovwiri ku Soviet Union, German Democratic Republic (GDR), na P. R. Ku China, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakukhumba ndalama zakwendeskera mapulojekiti ghanandi na kupeleka ulongozgi wa vya nkhondo. Ntchito zinandi izo zikendeskeka na DDR zikathera yayi, kusazgapo ntchito ya New Zanzibar Project, iyo yikaŵa ndondomeko ya kuzenga tawuni mu 1968 kuti ŵanthu wose ŵa ku Zanzibar ŵasange nyumba. Boma la Zanzibar likati lapulikiska ivyo vikachitika, ŵakamba kumususka kuti wakuŵa na wanangwa wakwendakwenda, kweniso kuti wakutemwa ŵabali ŵake. Ŵanthu ŵakakondwa yayi na boma apo Karume wakakomeka pa Epulero 7, 1972. Mu 1992, boma la Zanzibar likamba kwendera ndondomeko ya vyaru vinandi, kweni likalutilira kusuzgika na milandu ya vimbundi.
Ŵanthu ŵa ku Zanzibar na ŵasayansi ŵakukondwa chomene na ivyo vikachitika pa nyengo ya nkhondo iyi. Ŵakulemba mdauko ŵakasanda umo vinthu vikaŵira pa nyengo iyi, ndipo ŵanyake ŵakuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ndiwo ŵakagalukira ŵamazaza awo ŵakakhalanga mu vyaru vinyake. Ŵanyake ŵakususka fundo iyi ndipo ŵakuyiwona nga ni nkhani ya ŵanthu ŵa mafuko ghanyake.
Mgwilizano na Tanganyika
Pa 26 Epulero, 1964, charu cha Tanganyika chikasazgikana na Zanzibar kuti chiŵe United Republic of Tanganyika na Zanzibar. Zina ili likasazgikira na kuŵa United Republic of Tanzania pa 29 Okutobala, 1964. Pamanyuma pa kuwungana kwa vyaru ivi, pulezidenti Abeid Amani Karume ndiyo wakalaŵiliranga vinthu vya mu charu ichi. Charu cha Zanzibar chikulutilira kuŵa chigaŵa cha Tanzania.
Malo gha Zanzibar ghakuyana waka na Hong Kong nga umo ŵasayansi ŵanyake ŵakuyowoyera.
Nyumba ya Wupu Wakulongozga ya Zanzibar yikakhazikiskika mu 1980. Pambere ivi vindachitike, wupu wa Revolutionary Council ukaŵa na udindo wa executive na legislative kwa vyaka 16 pamanyuma pa Zanzibar Revolution mu 1964.
Chaka vyasono
Mu Zanzibar muli vipani vinandi, kweni vipani vikuru comene ni Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) na Civic United Front (CUF). Kwambira mu ma 1990, ndyali za ku virwa ivi zikuŵa na mphindano pakati pa magulu ghaŵiri agha. Mavoti gha mavoti agho ghakacitika mu nyengo ya mavoti gha vipani vinandi ghakaŵa agha:
Pa 27 Janyuwale, 2001, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakakomeka chifukwa cha masankho agho ghakachitika mu Okutobala 2000. Ŵasilikari aŵa, pamoza na ŵalara ŵa chipani na ŵasilikari, ŵakaluta ku nyumba na nyumba, kukora ŵanthu, kuŵatimba, na kuŵachitira nkhaza. Ŵanthu pafupifupi 2,000 ŵakachimbilira ku Kenya.
Nkhondo yikambaso pamanyuma pa chisankho chinyake icho chikachitika pa Okutobala 31, 2005, ndipo CUF yikati yikapokeka njombe yake. Ŵanthu 9 ŵakafwa.
Pamanyuma pa 2005, vyaru viŵiri ivi vikamba kudumbiskana vya kumazga suzgo na kukolerana kuti vigaŵane mazaza, kweni vikabudiska. Pa maungano agha, ghakuzirwa chomene ghakachitika mu Epulero 2008, apo CUF yikafumapo pa thebulu la kudumbiskirana pamanyuma pakuti CCM yikapempha kuti paŵe referendamu kuti yikhozgere ivyo vikaŵa nga vyachitika kale.
Mu Novembala 2009, purezidenti wakale wa Zanzibar, Amani Abeid Karume, wakakumana na mulembi mukuru wa CUF, Seif Sharif Hamad ku State House kuti ŵakadumbiskane umo ŵangaponoskera Zanzibar ku masuzgo gha ndyali munthazi na kumazga ukali pakati pawo. Ŵanthu ŵanandi, kusazgapo ŵa ku United States, ŵakakondwa na ivyo ŵakacita. Aka kakaŵa kakwamba kufuma apo boma la Zanzibar likambira kulamulira na vipani vinandi kuti CUF yizomerezge Karume kuŵa pulezidenti wa Zanzibar.
Mazuŵa ghano, chipani cha Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendois (ACT-Wazalendo) chikuwoneka nga ni chipani chikuru chakususka boma la Zanzibar. Dango la Zanzibar likukhumba kuti chipani icho chizamunjira pa chiŵiri mu mavoti, chiŵe mu wupu wakukolerana na chipani icho chizamupambana. ACT-Wazalendo adalumikizana ndi boma la mgwirizano ndi chipani cholamulira cha Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Disembala 2020 pambuyo pa zisankho za Zanzibar.
Walter Scheel
Walter Scheel (1919–2016) wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Germany  kufuma pa 1 July 1974	 mpaka 30 June 1979.
Chinkhwiri, Dowa
Chinkhwiri ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa, chigaŵa cha Pakati, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Ching'amba,Dowa
Ching'amba ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa,chigaŵa cha Pakati,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Towerby
Towerby ni ni msumba udoko mu msumba ukulu wa Johannesburg (Chigaŵa F), mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa, ku mmwela kwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Apaga, Armenia
Apaga, Armenia ni muzi mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Armavir, mu charu cha Armenia.
Richard von Weizsäcker
Richard von Weizsäcker (1920–2015) wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Germany  kufuma pa 1 July 1984	 mpaka 30 June 1994.
Karl Carstens
Karl Carstens (1914–1992) wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Germany  kufuma pa 1 July 1979	 mpaka 30 June 1984.
Horst Köhler
Horst Seehofer (kubabika 1949)  wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Germany  kufuma pa 17 February 2012	 mpaka 18 March 2012.
Kitui County, Kenya
Kitui County, Kenya ni boma ilo likusangika mu charu cha Kenya mukati mwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Chinziri, Dowa
Chinziri ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma Chitakadzi ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa, chigaŵa cha Pakati, mu charu cha Malaŵi. Dowa
Maine
Maine ni nthavwa (state) iyo ikusangika mu chigaŵa cha New England,charu cha United States of America.Ndipo msumba ukulu wa boma wa nthavwa ili ni Augusta
Daimoni, Dowa
Daimoni ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa, chigaŵa cha Pakati, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Roman Herzog
Roman Herzog (1934–2017) wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Germany  kufuma pa 1 July 1994	 mpaka 30 June 1999.
Montana
Montana ni nthavwa (state) iyo ikusangika mu charu cha United States of America.Ndipo msumba ukulu wa boma wa nthavwa ili ni Helena
Johannes Rau
Johannes Rau (1931–2006) wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Germany  kufuma pa  1 July 1999	mpaka 30 June 2004.
Hillbrow
Hillbrow ni ni msumba udoko mu msumba ukulu wa Johannesburg (Chigaŵa F), mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa, ku mmwela kwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Kamphenga, Dowa
Kamphenga ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa, chigaŵa cha Pakati, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Nebraska
Nebraska  ni nthavwa (state) iyo ikusangika mu charu cha United States of America.Ndipo msumba ukulu wa boma wa nthavwa ili ni Maryland
Joachim Gauck
Joachim Gauck (kubabika 1940) wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Germany  kufuma pa 18 March 2012	 mpaka 18 March 2017.
Horst Seehofer
Horst Seehofer (kubabika 1949) wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Germany  kufuma pa  17 February 2012	 mpaka 18 March 2012.
Chunzu, Dowa
Chunzu ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa, chigaŵa cha Pakati, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Dowa II, Dowa
Dowa II ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa,chigaŵa cha Pakati,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
García
García ni msumba wakumanyikwa uwo ukusangika mu charu cha Mexico.
Manzanillo (México)
Manzanillo (México) ni msumba wakumanyikwa uwo ukusangika mu charu cha Mexico.
Syed Nazrul Islam
Syed Nazrul Islam (1925–1975)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bangladesh kufuma 17 April 1971	 mpaka 12 January 1972.
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1920–1975)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bangladesh kufuma 25 January 1975	 mpaka 15 August 1975.
Christian Wulff
Christian Wulff (kukabika 1959) wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Germany  kufuma pa  30 June 2010	 mpaka 17 February 2012.
James, Dowa
James ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa, chigaŵa cha Pakati, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Jens Böhrnsen
Jens Böhrnsen (kubabika 1949) wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Germany  kufuma pa 31 May 2010	 mpaka 30 June 2010.
New Mexico
New Mexico ni nthavwa (state) iyo ikusangika mu charu cha United States of America.Ndipo msumba ukulu wa boma wa nthavwa ili ni Santa Fe
Maryland
Maryland ni nthavwa (state) iyo ikusangika mu chigaŵa cha New England,charu cha United States of America.Ndipo msumba ukulu wa boma wa nthavwa ili ni Maryland
Ormonde, Johannesburg
Ormonde, Johannesburg ni ni msumba udoko mu msumba ukulu wa Johannesburg (Chigaŵa F), mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa, ku mmwela kwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Ciudad
Ciudad ni msumba wakumanyikwa uwo ukusangika mu charu cha Mexico.
Dzoole, Dowa
Dzoole ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa, chigaŵa cha Pakati, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Dowa I, Dowa
Dowa I ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa, chigaŵa cha Pakati, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Gudyu, Dowa
Gudyu ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa, chigaŵa cha Pakati, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Aratashen
Aratashen ni muzi mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Armavir, mu charu cha Armenia.
South Carolina
South Carolina ni nthavwa (state) iyo ikusangika mu charu cha United States of America.Ndipo msumba ukulu wa boma wa nthavwa ili ni Columbia
Theta, Gauteng
Theta, Gauteng ni ni msumba udoko mu msumba ukulu wa Johannesburg (Chigaŵa F), mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa, ku mmwela kwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad
Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad (1918–1996)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bangladesh kufuma 15 August 1975	 mpaka 6 November 1975.
Kabulungo, Dowa
Kabulungo ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma lla Dowa, chigaŵa cha Pakati, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Mérida (Mexico)
Mérida (Mexico) ni msumba wakumanyikwa uwo ukusangika mu charu cha Mexico.
Artimet
Artimet ni muzi mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Armavir, mu charu cha Armenia.
Chihuahua (msumba)
Chihuahua (msumba) ni msumba wakumanyikwa uwo ukusangika mu charu cha Mexico.
Nyandarua County, Kenya
Nyandarua County, Kenya ni boma ilo likusangika mu charu cha Kenya mukati mwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Abu Sayeed Chowdhury
Abu Sayeed Chowdhury (1921–1987)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bangladesh kufuma 12 January 1972	 mpaka 24 December 1973.
Acapulco
Acapulco ni msumba wakumanyikwa uwo ukusangika mu charu cha Mexico.
Ziaur Rahman
Ziaur Rahman (1936–1981)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bangladesh kufuma 21 April 1977	 mpaka 30 May 1981.
The Hill, Gauteng
The Hill, Gauteng ni ni msumba udoko mu msumba ukulu wa Johannesburg (Chigaŵa F), mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa, ku mmwela kwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Nyeri County, Kenya
Nyeri County, Kenya ni boma ilo likusangika mu charu cha Kenya mukati mwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Ahsanuddin Chowdhury
Ahsanuddin Chowdhury (1915–2001)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bangladesh kufuma 27 March 1982	 mpaka 10 December 1983.
New Jersey
New Jersey ni nthavwa (state) iyo ikusangika mu charu cha United States of America.Ndipo msumba ukulu wa boma wa nthavwa ili ni Trenton
Kafumphe, Dowa
Kafumphe ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa, chigaŵa cha Pakati, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Abdus Sattar
Abdus Sattar (1906–1985)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bangladesh kufuma 30 May 1981	 mpaka 20 November 1981.
Kabwinja, Dowa
Kabwinja ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa,chigaŵa cha Pakati,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Toluca
Toluca ni msumba wakumanyikwa uwo ukusangika mu charu cha Mexico.
Xalapa
Xalapa ni msumba wakumanyikwa uwo ukusangika mu charu cha Mexico.
Michigan
Michigan ni nthavwa (state) iyo ikusangika mu charu cha United States of America.Ndipo msumba ukulu wa boma wa nthavwa ili ni Lansing
Mississippi
Mississippi ni nthavwa (state) iyo ikusangika mu charu cha United States of America.Ndipo msumba ukulu wa boma wa nthavwa ili ni Jackson
Gay, Armenia
Gay, Armenia ni muzi mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Armavir, mu charu cha Armenia.
Griboyedov, Armenia
Griboyedov, Armenia ni muzi mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Armavir, mu charu cha Armenia.
Shahabuddin Ahmed
Shahabuddin Ahmed (1930–2022)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bangladesh kufuma 6 December 1990	 mpaka 10 October 1991.
Tehuacán
Tehuacán ni msumba wakumanyikwa uwo ukusangika mu charu cha Mexico.
Kambulu, Dowa
Kambulu ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa, chigaŵa cha Pakati, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Badruddoza Chowdhury
Badruddoza Chowdhury (born 1932)  wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bangladesh kufuma 14 November 2001	 mpaka 21 June 2002.
Kanyangala, Dowa
Kanyangala ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa, chigaŵa cha Pakati, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Kanyenje, Dowa
Kanyenje ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa, chigaŵa cha Pakati, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Suideroord, Johannesburg
Suideroord, Johannesburg ni ni msumba udoko mu msumba ukulu wa Johannesburg (Chigaŵa F), mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa, ku mmwela kwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Rosettenville, Johannesburg
Rosettenville, Johannesburg ni ni msumba udoko mu msumba ukulu wa Johannesburg (Chigaŵa F), mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Gauteng, charu cha South Africa, ku mmwela kwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Kirinyaga County, Kenya
Kirinyaga County, Kenya ni boma ilo likusangika mu charu cha Kenya mukati mwa chilwa chikulu cha Afilika.
Kapita, Dowa
Kapita ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa,chigaŵa cha Pakati,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Muhammad Jamiruddin Sircar
Muhammad Jamiruddin Sircar (kubabika 1931)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bangladesh kufuma  21 June 2002	 mpaka 6 September 2002.
Haykashen, Armenia
Haykashen, Armenia ni muzi mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Armavir, mu charu cha Armenia.
Hussain Muhammad Ershad
Hussain Muhammad Ershad (1930–2019)   wakawa prezidenti wa chalo cha Bangladesh kufuma 11 December 1983	 mpaka 6 December 1990.
Minnesota
Minnesota ni nthavwa (state) iyo ikusangika mu charu cha United States of America.Ndipo msumba ukulu wa boma wa nthavwa ili ni Saint Paul
Kaphiri, Dowa
Kaphiri ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa,chigaŵa cha Pakati,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
South Dakota
South Dakota ni nthavwa (state) iyo ikusangika mu charu cha United States of America.Ndipo msumba ukulu wa boma wa nthavwa ili ni Pierre
Kapatamoyo, Dowa
Kapatamoyo ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Dowa, chigaŵa cha Pakati, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Colorado
Colorado (, machemelo ghnayake ) ni boma ilo liri ku Mountain West ku Kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa United States. Chigaŵa ichi chikupanga mapiri ghanandi gha ku Rocky Mountains, kumpoto kwa Colorado Plateau, na kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Great Plains. Colorado ni boma la nambara 8 pa vyaru ivyo vili na ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene mu U.S. ndipo ni la nambara 21 pa vyaru ivyo vili na ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene. Ofesi ya United States Census Bureau yikati ŵanthu awo ŵakukhala ku Colorado ŵalipo 5,839,926 pa Julayi 1, 2022, ndipo ichi ntchiŵelengero cha 1.15% kufuma pa census ya ku United States ya 2020.
Ŵanthu ŵa ku America na ŵasekuru ŵawo ŵakukhala mu caru ici kwa vilimika pafupifupi 13,500 panji kujumpha apa. Kufumira kumafumiro gha dazi kwa mapiri gha Rocky kukaŵa nthowa yikuru iyo ŵanthu ŵakendangamo para ŵakusamira ku vyaru vinyake vya ku America. Mu 1848, boma la United States likazomerezga kuti chigaŵa ichi chiŵe cha charu cha Spain. Mu 1858 na 1862, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakaluta ku malo agha chifukwa cha kupenja golide. Pa Febuluwale 28, 1861, boma la U.S. Pulezidenti James Buchanan wakasainira dango lakuti boma la Colorado liŵe lakwamba, ndipo pa Ogasiti 1, 1876, Pulezidenti Ulysses S. Grant wakasaina Proclamation 230 yakuzomerezga Colorado kuŵa boma la nambara 38. Lizgu la Cisipanishi lakuti "colorado" likung'anamura "kufipirwa". Boma la Colorado likucemeka kuti "Centennial State" cifukwa likaŵa lakwamba kuwusa pamanyuma pa vilimika 100 kufuma apo likapokera wanangwa.
Charu cha Colorado chili kumpoto kwa Wyoming, kumpoto chakumafumiro gha dazi kwa Nebraska, kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Kansas, kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Oklahoma, kumwera kwa New Mexico, na kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Utah. Charu cha Colorado chili kumwera chakumafumiro gha dazi kwa Arizona. Ku Colorado kuli mapiri, nkhorongo, mapiri ghatali, mapiri ghatali, madambo, milonga, na mapopa. Colorado ni limoza mwa vyaru ivyo vili na mapiri ndipo kanandi ŵanthu ŵakuti vili kumwera ca kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa United States. Malo ghatali gha ku Colorado ghangaŵa kuti ghakukhala ku cigaŵa ca ku America.
Denver ni msumba ukuru wa boma ili, ndipo ni msumba uwo uli na ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene. Colorado Springs ni msumba wachiŵiri uwo uli na ŵanthu ŵanandi comene mu caru ici. Ŵanthu ŵa mu boma ili ŵakucemeka kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Colorado, nangauli nyengo zinyake ŵakucemeka kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Colorado. Vinyake mwa vinthu ivyo vikupangiska kuti caru ciŵe cakukhora ni vya boma na vya nkhondo, migodi, ulimi, vyamwendakwenda, na vinyake ivyo vikupangiska kuti vinthu visinthe. Pakuti maji ghakukwera kweniso ghakukhala pachoko, ulimi, makuni, na vyamwendakwenda mu Colorado vikukhwaskika comene na kusintha kwa nyengo.
Mbili
Dera ilo lero ni State of Colorado likakhalanga na ŵanthu ŵa ku America na ŵasekuru ŵawo ŵa ku America vyaka 13,500 ivyo vyajumpha ndipo panji vyaka vyakujumpha 37,000 ivyo vyajumpha. Mphepete ya kumafumiro gha dazi kwa mapiri gha Rocky ghakaŵa nthowa yikuru iyo ŵanthu ŵakendanga pakusamukira ku vyaru vinyake. Ku malo gha Lindenmeier ku Larimer County kuli vinthu ivyo vikaŵako mu 8720 B.C.E. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Pueblo ŵakakhalanga mu madambo gha ku Colorado. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Ute ŵakakhalanga mu madambo gha mapiri gha ku Southern Rocky Mountains na Western Rocky Mountains, na kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Front Range. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Apache na Comanche nawo ŵakakhalanga mu vigaŵa vya kumafumiro gha dazi na kumwera. Mu virimika vya m'ma 1600, ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Arapaho na wa Cheyenne ŵakafumako ku vigaŵa vya ku Great Lakes na kuluta ku vigaŵa vya Colorado na Wyoming.
Boma la Spain likati Colorado ni cigaŵa ca New Mexico pambere United States yindaŵanjire. Boma la United States likapoka malo agho ghakaŵa kumafumiro gha dazi kwa mapiri gha Rocky na kugura Louisiana kufuma ku France mu 1803. Ivyo boma la United States likakhumbanga vikaŵa vyakupambana na ivyo Spain yikakhumbanga, vyakuti chigaŵa cha pachanya pa Mlonga wa Arkansas chiŵe chigaŵa cha malonda pera mu Santa Fe de Nuevo México. Mu 1806, Zebulon Pike wakalongozga gulu la ŵanthu ŵa ku America. Ŵakaŵa pa ulendo wa kuwukapo mu cigaŵa ico ŵanthu ŵakakolerananga yayi. Mu Febuluwale, ŵasilikari ŵa ku Spain ŵakamukora Pike na ŵasilikari ŵake ku San Luis Valley, ndipo ŵakaluta nayo ku Chihuahua. Mu Julayi, ŵakachimbizgika ku Mexico.
Wupu wa United States ukaleka vyaru vyose kumwera na kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Mlonga wa Arkansas na kumwera kwa 42nd parallel kumpoto na kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa 100th meridian kumanjiliro gha dazi nga ni chigaŵa cha kugura kwake Florida kufuma ku Spain na Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819. Phangano ili likamba kugwira nchito pa Febuluwale 22, 1821. Ŵakati ŵasanda makora mphaka yawo na Spain, pa Ogasiti 10, 1821, U.S. yikazomerezga kuti cigaŵa ca kumwera ca Missouri ciŵe cigaŵa ca Missouri. Cigaŵa cinyake ca Missouri, kusazgapo cigaŵa ca kumpoto ca Colorado, cikaŵa cigaŵa cambura kulongozgeka kwa vilimika 33 cifukwa ca nkhani ya wuzga. Pamanyuma pa nkhondo ya vilimika 11, pa Ogasiti 24, 1821, caru ca Spain cikazomerezga kuti Mexico njakujiyimira payekha ndipo cikacita phangano la Córdoba. Paumaliro, Mexico yikazomerezga kuti paŵe Mtende wa ku Adams-Onís mu 1831. Mu 1835 ŵanthu ŵa ku Texas ŵakagalukira boma la United States, ndipo ivi vikapangiska kuti kuŵe nkhondo ya pakati pa United States na Mexico. Nkhondo iyi yikazgoka Nkhondo ya pakati pa Mexico na America mu 1846. Mu 1848, pamanyuma pa nkhondo, Mexico yikapeleka chigaŵa chake chakumpoto ku U.S. mu phangano la Guadalupe Hidalgo. Phangano ili likapokeleraso vigaŵa vinandi vya kumanjiliro gha dazi na kumwera kwa Colorado.
Map of the Mexican Cession, with the white representing the territory the United States received from Mexico (plus land ceded to the Republic of Texas) after the Mexican-American War. Map of the Mexican Cession, with the white representing the territory the United States received from Mexico (plus land ceded to the Republic of Texas) after the Mexican-American War. Map of the Mexican Cession, with the white representing the territory the United States received from Mexico (plus land ceded to the Republic of Texas) after the Mexican-American War. Cigaŵa cikuru ca Colorado cikapika cifukwa ca phangano ili.
Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku America awo ŵakaluta ku vyaru vya Oregon, California, panji ku malo gha ku Deseret mu chigodobu cha Salt Lake, ŵakaleka mapiri gha ku South Rocky Mountains, ndipo ŵakalondezga Mlonga wa North Platte na Sweetwater River kuluta ku South Pass (Wyoming), uko kukaŵa pakati pa mapiri gha ku South Rocky Mountains na Central Rocky Mountains. Mu 1849, Ŵamormon ŵa ku Salt Lake Valley ŵakapanga boma la Deseret, ndipo ŵakatenge malo ghose gha ku Great Basin na vyaru vyose ivyo vili mu milonga ya Green, Grand, na Colorado ni ghawo. Boma la U.S. likakana kuzomerezga boma liphya la Mormon, cifukwa likazomerezganga nthengwa za ŵanakazi ŵanandi. M'malo mwake, phangano la mu 1850 likapatulira malo gha ku Mexico na kumpoto kwa Texas ku California, New Mexico, na Utah. Pa Epulero 9, 1851, ŵanthu ŵa ku Mexico awo ŵakakhalanga ku Taos ŵakamba kukhala mu muzi wa San Luis, uwo ukaŵa mu chigaŵa cha New Mexico.
The Canyons of the Ancients Visitor Center & Museum ku Dolores
Mu 1854, Senator Stephen A. Douglas wakaciska U.S. Wupu Wakulongozga ukazomerezga kuti chigaŵa icho chikaŵa kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Continental Divide chigaŵikike mu vigaŵa viŵiri, chigaŵa cha Kansas na chigaŵa cha Nebraska, kweniso chigaŵa chinyake chakumwera icho chikachemekanga Indian territory. Boma lililose likeneranga kusankha yekha umo ŵazga ŵakeneranga kukhalira mu charu chake, kweni fundo iyi yikapangiska kuti paŵe mphindano pakati pa awo ŵakakolerananga na boma na awo ŵakakolerananga na ŵazga.
Territory act
Pakati pajumpha mazuŵa 30, pa Febuluwale 28, 1861, pulezidenti wakufuma ku United States, James Buchanan, wakalemba chikalata cha Congress icho chikakhazikiska malo gha Colorado. Mphaka zakwambilira za Colorado zikukhalabe zambura kusintha kupatula kusintha kwa boma. Mu 1776, wasembe wa ku Spain, Silvestre Vélez de Escalante, wakalemba kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku America ŵakamanyanga mlonga uwu kuti ni Rio Colorado chifukwa cha nthaka ya wofiira ya mu m'paka iyo mlonga uwu ukayegha kufuma ku mapiri. Gulu la Macomb likati malo agha ndigho ghakwamba kufuma maji gha mu Mlonga wa Colorado.
Pa Epulero 12, 1861, ŵasilikari ŵa ku South Carolina ŵakamba kuwukira Fort Sumter, ndipo ivi vikambiska nkhondo ya pakati pa ŵanthu ŵa ku America. Nangauli ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakakhumbanga kusanga golide ŵakakolerananga na Confederation, kweni ŵanandi ŵakalutilira kugomezgeka ku Union.
Mu 1862, gulu la ŵasilikari ŵakwenda pa mahachi ŵa ku Texas likawukira chigaŵa cha New Mexico na kupoka Santa Fe pa Malichi 10. Chilato cha nkhondo iyi chikaŵa chakuti ŵathereske panji kutimbanizga migodi ya golide ya ku Colorado na California ndiposo kuti ŵathereske madoko gha pa Nyanja ya Pacific kuti ŵathereske ŵasilikari ŵa Confederation. Gulu la ŵanthu ŵakujipeleka likaluta mwaluŵiro kufuma ku Denver City, Colorado, kuya ku Glorieta Pass, New Mexico, kuti likanizge ŵasilikari ŵa ku Texas. Pa Malichi 28, ŵasilikari ŵa ku Colorado na ŵa ku New Mexico ŵakakoma ŵasilikari ŵa ku Texas pa nkhondo ya ku Glorieta Pass, ŵakakoma vilwero vyawo na magalimoto ghawo, kweniso ŵakathereska mahachi na ngamila zawo 500. Ŵasilikari ŵa ku Texas ŵakacimbira ku Santa Fe. Ŵakati ŵafwa mu nkhondo iyi, ndipo ŵakasangaso wovwiri mucoko waka ku New Mexico, Ŵatexan ŵakaleka Santa Fe na kuwelera ku San Antonio. Ŵasilikari ŵa Confederation ŵakakhumba yayi kupoka cigaŵa ca kumwera kwa United States.
Mu 1864, Kazembe John Evans wakimika Reverend John Chivington kuŵa Colonel wa gulu la Colorado Volunteers, na dango lakuti ŵavikilire ŵazungu ku ŵasilikari ŵa mtundu wa Cheyenne na Arapaho awo ŵakayimbanga mulandu wa kwiba ng'ombe. Colonel Chivington wakalangura ŵasilikari ŵake kuti ŵawukire gulu la ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Cheyenne na Arapaho awo ŵakazenga misasa mumphepete mwa mlonga wa Sand Creek. Chivington wakayowoya kuti ŵasilikari ŵake ŵakakoma ŵasilikari ŵakujumpha 500. Ŵasilikari aŵa ŵakawelera ku Denver City, kweni ŵasilikari ŵanandi ŵakayowoya kuti nkhondo iyi yikaŵa yakukoma nadi Ŵaindiya awo ŵakaŵa pa mtende. Ŵanandi awo ŵakafwa ŵakaŵa ŵanakazi na ŵana, ndipo mathupi gha awo ŵakafwa ghakaŵa kuti ghadumulika na kuyuzgika. Ndalama zakukwana madola ghatatu. Ŵasilikari ŵakasuska ivyo ŵakacita, ndipo pulezidenti wakwamba, Andrew Johnson, wakapempha kuti kazembe Evans wafumeko, kweni pakaŵavya uyo wakalangika. Cakucitika ici sono cikucemeka kuti Sand Creek massacre.
Mu nyengo ya Nkhondo ya pa Caru Cose na pamanyuma pake, ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakagongowa ŵakawelera ku nyumba zawo, kweni ŵacoko waka ndiwo ŵakakhalako ndipo ŵakazenga migodi, mafakitare, minda, misewu, na matawuni mu cigaŵa ca Colorado. Pa Seputembala 14, 1864, James Huff wakasanga siliva pafupi na Argentine Pass, ndipo ili likaŵa lakwamba. Mu 1867, njanji ya Union Pacific yikafika ku Weir, iyo sono ni Julesburg. Pa Meyi 10, 1869, sitima ya Union Pacific yikakolerana na njanji ya Central Pacific ku Promontory Summit, Utah, ndipo yikazgoka njanji yakwamba ya ku America. Sitima ya Denver Pacific yikafika ku Denver mu Juni caka cakulondezgapo, ndipo ya Kansas Pacific yikafika myezi yiŵiri yikati yajumphapo kuti yijure njanji yaciŵiri ya ku America. Mu 1872, siliva likasangika mu mapiri gha San Juan, mu chigaŵa cha Ute ku Colorado. Caka cakulondezgapo ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Ute ŵakafumiskika mu San Juans.
Kuŵa Boma
Pa Malichi 3, 1875, wupu wa United States Congress ukazomerezga kuti Colorado yiŵe boma. Pa Ogasiti 1, 1876 (masabata ghanayi pamanyuma pa kukondwelera vyaka 100 kufuma apo boma la United States likakhazikiskikira), U.S. Pulezidenti Ulysses S. Grant wakasaina chikalata icho chikapelekanga mwaŵi ku Colorado kuti yiŵe boma la nambara 38, ndipo yikacemeka kuti "Centennial State".
Mu 1878, ŵati ŵasanga malo ghakurughakuru gha siliva kufupi na Leadville, vinthu vikamba kwenda makora mu Colorado. Dango la Sherman la mu 1890 likawovwira kuti ŵanthu ŵambe kupenja siliva, ndipo ku Colorado, ŵanthu ŵakamba kupenja golide mu Cripple Creek. Ŵanakazi ŵa ku Colorado ŵakapika wanangwa wa kuvota pa Novembala 7, 1893, ndipo Colorado yikaŵa boma laciŵiri kupika wanangwa wa kuvota ndipo likaŵa lakwamba kupika wanangwa uwu na ŵanthu wose (ŵanalume ŵa ku Colorado). Mu 1893, boma likati lakanizga dango la Sherman la kuguliska siliva, vinthu vikasintha chomene mu Colorado. Pakati pa 1880 na 1930, ulimi wa maluŵa ku Denver ukazgoka bizinesi yikuru ku Colorado. Nyengo iyi yikamanyikwanga na zina lakuti Carnation Gold Rush.
Twentieth and twenty-first centuries
Vinthu vikaŵa makora yayi ku ŵaganyu ndipo ŵakakondwa yayi na ivyo ŵakagwiranga. Ivi vikapangiska kuti ŵaganyu ŵakumane na ŵasilikari ŵa boma la Colorado. Mu 1913, ŵasilikari ŵa boma la United States ŵakanjilirapo kuti ŵamazge vivulupi. Mu 1927, ŵanthu ŵa ku Colorado ŵakamba kulimbana na ŵantchito awo ŵakagwiranga nchito za makara, ndipo paumaliro ŵakasanga ndalama zakukwana dola yimoza pa zuŵa. Kweni pa nyengo iyi, ŵanthu 6 ŵakakomeka pa nkhondo ya ku Columbine, apo ŵasilikari ŵa boma la Colorado ŵakasuzgika chomene. Pa nkhani yinyake iyo yikacitika ku Trinidad, meya wa msumba uwu wakayimbika mulandu wakuti wakatuma ŵimiliri ŵa gulu la KKK kuti ŵawukire ŵantchito awo ŵakambanga sitayiko. Ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 5,000 awo ŵakagwiranga nchito mu migodi ya ku Colorado, awo ŵanandi mwa iwo ŵakaŵa ŵanthu ŵakufuma ku vyaru vinyake, ŵali kufwa cifukwa ca ngozi.
Mu 1924, gulu la Ku Klux Klan likamba kuwusa mu Colorado. Ŵakaŵa na ŵanthu ŵanandi comene, ndipo gulu ili likapoka mazaza pa vipani vya Democratic na Republican, comenecomene mu maofesi gha boma na mu misumba ya Denver, Cañon City, na Durango. Gulu linyake la Klan likaŵa na mazaza pa ŵapolisi ŵa ku Denver. Kuwotcha mphinjika kukaŵanga kacitiro ka nyengo na nyengo mu misumba nga ni Florence na Pueblo. Gulu la Klan likawukira ŵanthu ŵa ku America awo ŵakaŵa ŵa ku Africa, Ŵakatolika, ŵanthu ŵa ku Eastern Europe, na magulu ghanyake gha Ŵaprotesitanti. Ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵa mu gulu la Klan yayi, kusazgapo Philip Van Cise, ŵakamba kulimbana na gulu ili ndipo nkhongono zikamba kuchepa. Kuumaliro wa vyaka vya m'ma 1920, gulu ili likamba kuchepa.
Mu 1908, boma la Colorado ndilo likaŵa lakwamba ku chigaŵa cha kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa United States kuŵa na ungano ukuru wa ndyali. Kuyana na kalembera wa ŵanthu wa ku U.S. mu 1930, ŵanthu ŵa ku Colorado ŵakakwana miliyoni. Boma la Colorado likakhwaskika comene na suzgo ya ndalama iyo yikacemeka Great Depression na Dust Bowl iyo yikacitika mu vyaka vya m'ma 1930, kweni ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakaluta kukakhala ku Colorado pamasinda pa Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Caru Cose. Ulendo wakuwona malo ukaŵa cinthu cakuzirwa comene pa usambazi wa caru, ndipo luso la vinthu vya mu mlengalenga likaŵa cinthu cakuzirwa comene pa usambazi. Ofesi yakupenda ŵanthu ku United States yikati mu 2009, mu Colorado mukaŵa ŵanthu ŵakujumpha mamiliyoni ghankhondi.
Pa Seputembala 11, 1957, moto wa plutonium ukabuka pa fakitare ya Rocky Flats, ndipo ukabinkhiska ŵanthu mu vigaŵa vyapafupi.
Mu ma 1940 na 1970, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakamba kuchita viwoneskero ku Colorado, chomenechomene ku Denver. Ivi vikasazgapo gulu la Chicano Movement, ilo likaŵa gulu la ŵanthu ŵa ku Mexico na ku America. Msonkhano wa National Chicano Liberation Youth unachitikira ku Colorado mu March 1969.
Mu 1967, boma la Colorado ndilo likaŵa lakwamba kulekeska ŵanthu kufumiska nthumbo, apo kazembe John Love wakasazgirako dango lakuti munthu wangafumiska nthumbo para wacicizgika, panji usange mwanakazi wakusuzgika maghanoghano. Vyaru vinandi vikalondezga ivyo Colorado wakacita, ndipo vikasintha malango ghakukhwaskana na kufumiska nthumbo mu vyaka vya m'ma 1960 na 1970.
Kufumira ku umaliro wa m'ma 1990, ku Colorado kukacitika masoka ghanandi, kusazgapo masoka gha ku Columbine High School mu 1999 agho ghakapuluska caru cose, apo Eric Harris na Dylan Klebold ŵakakoma ŵana ŵa sukulu 12 na msambizgi yumoza, pambere ŵandajikome. Kufuma pa nyengo iyi, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakucita nga ni umo ŵakacitiranga. Pa Julayi 20, 2012, munthu munyake uyo wakaŵa na futi wakakoma ŵanthu 12 mu sinema ku Aurora. Boma likazgora na kukanizga comene kugwiliskira nchito vilwero, kusazgapo kukanizga ŵanthu kugwiliskira nchito magazini. Pa Malici 22, 2021, munthu uyo wakaŵa na futi wakakoma ŵanthu 10, kusazgapo wapolisi, mu sitoro ya King Soopers ku Boulder. Mu nyengo ya nkhaza ya anti-LGBT, mwanalume munyake wakoma ŵanthu 5 mu kilabu ya usiku ku Colorado Springs mu usiku wa Novembala 19 kuya 20, 2022.
Ngalaŵa zinayi za nkhondo za U.S. Ŵasambiri ŵa Baibolo ŵakasankha zina lakuti USS Colorado. Ngalaŵa yakwamba yakucemeka USS Colorado yikacemeka ku zina la Mlonga wa Colorado ndipo yikacita nchito mu Nkhondo ya pa Caru Cose ndipo pamasinda yikacemeka kuti Asiatic Squadron. Ngalaŵa izi zikaŵa zankhongono chomene ndipo zikaŵa na mazina gha ŵanthu ŵa ku America. Zina lakwamba likaŵa la sitima ya nkhondo ya USS Colorado. Pa nyengo iyo Pearl Harbor yikabwangandukiranga, sitima ya nkhondo ya USS Colorado yikaŵa ku San Diego, California, ndipo yikaŵavya suzgo. Boti lakwamba ilo lili na zina la USS Colorado ni la Virginia-class submarine USS Colorado (SSN-788), ilo likamba kugwira nchito mu 2018.
Makhalilo gha malo
Charu cha Colorado chili na malo ghakupambanapambana, nga ni mapiri gha mapiri, mapiri ghatali, mapopa ghatali, na madambo ghatali. Mu chaka cha 1861, boma la United States likalongosora mphaka za chigaŵa cha Colorado na mizere ya latitude na longitude, kufuma pa 37°N kufika pa 41°N, ndipo kufuma pa 102°02′48′′W kufika pa 109°02′48′′W (25°W kufika pa 32°W kufuma pa Washington Meridian). Pakati pajumpha vilimika 162 kufuma apo boma likambira kupima, mphaka za Colorado zikamanyikwa na vikhwangwani 697 na mizere 697. Colorado, Wyoming, na Utah ni vyaru vyekha ivyo vili na mphaka zake pera, kweni palije vinthu vinyake. Kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Colorado kuli Four Corners Monument pa 36°59′56′′N, 109°2′43′′W. Chikumbusko cha Four Corners, ico cili pa malo apo Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, na Utah ghakukolerana, ndico malo ghekha mu United States apo vyaru vinayi vikukumana.
Plains
Pafupifupi hafu ya caru ca Colorado ni mapiri. Kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Rocky Mountains kuli Colorado Eastern Plains of the High Plains, chigaŵa cha Great Plains mukati mwa Colorado pa mtunda wa mamita 1,020 mpaka 2,290. Malo ghakupambanapambana gha ku Colorado ni mapiri, makuni, na madambo. Chaka chilichose kukuwa vula pafupifupi mamilimita 380 m'paka 640.
Kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Colorado, kuli minda na malo ghakuliskako viŵeto, kweniso mizi na matawuni. Vipasi ivyo vikulimika kanandi ni tirigu, tirigu, tirigu wa soya, na oats. Misumba na matawuni ghanandi mu cigaŵa ici ghali na malo ghakusungiramo maji na ghakukwezgera vyakurya. Maji ghakufuma pasi na pasi ghakupangika kuti ghaŵe ghakumwa. Maji agho ghakufuma mu maji ghakunyang'amira ni South Platte, Mlonga wa Arkansas, na tumilonga tunyake. Kanandi maji gha pasi pa caru ghakusangika mu visimi. Pakuti visimi ivi vikaŵanga na maji ghanandi, maji ghakamara mu chigaŵa ichi. Kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Colorado kuli viŵeto vinandi, nga ni viŵeto vya ng'ombe na nkhumba.
Front Range
Pafupifupi 70% ya ŵanthu ŵa ku Colorado ŵakukhala kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Rocky Mountains mu Front Range Urban Corridor pakati pa Cheyenne, Wyoming, na Pueblo, Colorado. Cigaŵa ici cikuponerako ku mphepo izo zikwiza kufuma ku Nyanja ya Pacific cifukwa ca mapiri gha Rockies agho ghali pakati pa Colorado. Ku "Front Range" kuli Denver, Boulder, Fort Collins, Loveland, Castle Rock, Colorado Springs, Pueblo, Greeley, na matawuni ghanyake agho ghali pakati. Ku chigaŵa chinyake cha mapiri gha Rockies, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakukhala ku Colorado (uko ukuchemeka kuti "The Western Slope").
Mountains
Kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Great Plains of Colorado kuli mapiri gha Rocky. Mapiri gha Rocky ghakumanyikwa comene ni Longs Peak, Phiri la Evans, Pikes Peak, na Spanish Peaks kufupi na Walsenburg, kumwera kwa Colorado. Malo agha ghakumira kumafumiro gha dazi na kumwera, ndipo ghakumira mu Mlonga wa Mississippi panji Rio Grande, ndipo ghakumira mu Nyanja ya Mexico.
Mapiri gha Rocky ku Colorado ghali na mapiri 53 ghatali chomene, ndipo 58 ghali na utali wa mamita 4,267 panji kujumpha apa. Mapiri agha ghali na makuni ghanandi nga ni makuni gha conifers na aspen. Ndipo ghakukwera kufuma pa mamita 3,658 kumwera kwa Colorado kufika pa mamita 3,200 kumpoto kwa Colorado. Pamwamba pa makuni agha, pali vyakumera vya ku mapiri pera. Vigaŵa vichoko waka vya Colorado Rockies ndivyo vikuŵa na chiwuvi nyengo zose.
Mu mwezi wa Ogasiti, ciwuvi cikusongonoka mu mapiri ghose gha ku Alps, kupaturako tuchoko waka uto tukuŵa na ciwuvi na tuvizinga tucoko waka. Mu chigaŵa ichi muli malo ghanandi agho ŵanthu ŵakagwiranga nchito ya kujimya golide na siliva. Phiri la Elbert ndilo ndilokuru comene pa Mapiri gha Rocky. Mapiri 30 ghatali chomene gha Rocky Mountains gha ku North America ghali mu chigaŵa ichi.
Continental Divide
Mphepete mwa mapiri gha Rocky Mountains, kuli malo agho ghakupambana mu vyaru vya ku America. Malo gha ku Colorado agho ghali kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Continental Divide ghakucemeka Western Slope of Colorado. Kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Continental Divide, maji ghakukhira kumwera kwakumanjiliro gha dazi kwizira mu Mlonga wa Colorado na Mlonga wa Green mu Gulf of California.
South Central region
Mu chigaŵa cha pakati cha kumwera kwa Colorado, muli Dambo la San Luis, uko kuli maji gha mu Mlonga wa Rio Grande. Chigaŵa chakumpoto cha dambo ili ni San Luis Closed Basin, ndipo ni malo agho ghakawovwira kupanga Great Sand Dunes. Chigodobu chili pakati pa mapiri gha Sangre De Cristo na San Juan. Mlonga wa Rio Grande ukwenda kumwera m'paka ku New Mexico, Texas, na Mexico. Kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa San Luis Valley kuli kaphiri ka Wet Mountain Valley. Vigaŵa ivi, comenecomene mu San Luis Valley, vili mu mphepete mwa Rio Grande Rift, malo ghakuru gha Rocky Mountains, na minthavi yake.
Western Slope
Chigaŵa cha Western Slope cha Colorado chikupanga chigaŵa chakumadzulo kwa mapiri gha Rocky Mountains na chigaŵa chose icho chili ku mphaka ya kumanjiliro gha dazi. Mu cigaŵa ici muli malo ghakupambanapambana kweniso nyengo zakupambanapambana, kwambira ku mapiri mpaka ku mapopa. Ku Western Slope kuli matawuni ghanandi agho ghali ku Rocky Mountains na matawuni ghanyake agho ghali kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Utah. Cirwa ici cili na ŵanthu ŵacoko comene kuluska cigaŵa ca Front Range, kweni cili na malo ghanandi ghakusungirako vinyama.
Kumpoto kwakumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Colorado kuli ŵanthu ŵachoko waka, ndipo kuli malo ghanyake agho ghakuchemeka kuti Dinosaur National Monument. Malo agha ngakumanyikwa chomene chifukwa cha malo agho ŵanthu ŵakusambira vyamoyo vyakale ŵakukhalamo, kweniso ni malo ghakutowa agho ghali na mapiri gha majalawe, makululu, mapopa ghambura maji, na milonga. Pa malo agha, mlonga wa Green River ukunjira mu Colorado.
Cinyake ico cikumanyikwa comene ni Grand Mesa, ico cili kumwera ca kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Grand Junction; mapiri ghatali gha San Juan, agho ghali na mapiri ghatali; ndipo kumpoto na kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa mapiri gha San Juan, ni Colorado Plateau.
Grand Junction, Colorado, ni tawuni yikuru comene ya Western Slope. Grand Junction na Durango ni malo ghekha ghakupharazgira pa wayilesi kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Continental Divide mu Colorado, nangauli malo ghanandi gha mapiri ghakupharazga nyuzipepara zuŵa lililose. Grand Junction yili pa mphambano ya Interstate 70 na US 50, nthowa zikuruzikuru mu Colorado. Grand Junction yili pafupi na njanji yikuru ya Western Slope, ya Union Pacific. Kweniso njanji iyi yikovwira kuti sitima ya Amtrak yakuchemeka California Zephyr yende mu mapiri gha Rocky.
Ku chigaŵa cha Western Slope kuli malo ghanandi ghakukondweska mu Colorado Rocky Mountains, kusazgapo Glenwood Springs, na malo ghakupumulirapo, na malo ghakukondwelera kuskera gha Aspen, Breckenridge, Vail, Crested Butte, Steamboat Springs, na Telluride.
Masambiro ghapachanya ghakusangika ku Colorado Mesa University ku Grand Junction, Western Colorado University ku Gunnison, Fort Lewis College ku Durango, na Colorado Mountain College ku Glenwood Springs na Steamboat Springs.
Chikumbusko cha Four Corners icho chili kumwera chakumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Colorado chikulongora mphaka iyo yili pakati pa Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, na Utah.
Eastern Plains
Nyengo ya kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Plains ni semi-arid (Köppen climate classification: BSk) na chinyezi chichoko na mphepo ya mphepo, kanandi kufuma pa 15 kufika pa 25 inchi (380 kufika pa 640 millimeters) pachaka, nangauli vigaŵa vinandi kufupi na milonga ni semi-humid climate. Malo agha ghakumanyikwa kuti ghakuŵa na dazi liwemi ndiposo kuti usiku kukuzizima, ntheura nyengo ya muhanya yikupambana chomene. Nyengo zinyake pa zuŵa, nyengo ya muhanya na ya usiku yikuŵa yakupambana chomene, chifukwa chakuti mu nyengo yakuzizima na yakuzizima, nyengo ya muhanya na ya usiku yikuŵa yakuzizima chomene. Mu tawuni ya Front Range, mukukhala ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Colorado, ndipo muli mfwiri chifukwa cha mapiri gha Rocky.
Mu nyengo ya chihanya, malo agha ghangaŵa na nyengo yakuzizima chomene. Mu nyengo ya chiwuvi, nyengo ya chiwuvi yikuŵa pakati pa 25 na -10 °F (-4 mpaka -23 °C). Pafupifupi 75% ya vula iyo yikuwa mu nyengo ya vula, kufuma mu Epulero m'paka Seputembala, kweni mu chigaŵa ichi kanandi kukaŵanga chilangalanga. Vinthu vinandi ivyo vikuwa vikufuma ku vivula vya mphepo, ivyo vingaŵa vyankhongono, ndiposo ku chiwuvi chikuru icho chikuŵa mu nyengo ya chiwuvi na kuuyambiro kwa chihanya. Kweni nyengo ya chiwuvi yikuŵa yakuzizima ndiposo yambura vula.
Mu vigaŵa vinandi, mwezi wa Malichi ndiwo ukuŵa na chiwuvi chinandi. Mu mwezi wa Epulero na Meyi ndipo vula yikulokwa comene, ndipo mu mwezi wa Epulero ndipo vula yikulokwa comene. Mizinda ya ku Front Range iyo yili kufupi na mapiri, nyengo ya chiwuvi yikuzizima chomene chifukwa cha mphepo ya Chinook iyo yikuwotcha malo agha, ndipo nyengo zinyake nyengo ya chiwuvi yikuzizima chomene. Mu mwezi wa Julayi, nyengo yakuzizima yikukwana 55 °F (13 °C) na 90 °F (32 °C) muhanya. Mu mwezi wa Janyuwale, nyengo yakuzizima yikufika pa 18 °F (−8 °C) mulenji ndipo 48 °F (9 °C) muhanya, nangauli nyengo zinyake zuŵa limoza likusintha kufika pa 40 °F (-40 °C).
Front Range foothills
Kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa mapiri na mu vikhizga vya mapiri, kuli nyengo zakupambanapambana. Malo agho ghali patali ghangaŵa na nyengo zakupambana comene kuyana na malo agho. Mu madambo ghanandi muli nyengo ya chiwuvi, nga umo viliri ku mapiri gha kumafumiro gha dazi, uko nyengo ya chiwuvi yikupambana na nyengo ya mapiri. Vinthu ivi vikusangikaso mu vigaŵa vinandi, nga ni vigaŵa vya mapiri (Cfb/Cwb), vigaŵa vya mapiri (Cfa), vyaru vya ku Meditereniyani (Csa/Csb) na vyaru vya ku Arctic (Dfc).
Extreme weather
Nyengo zikupambana chomene ku Colorado, nangauli nyengo zinandi zikupambana mu vigaŵa ivyo ŵanthu ŵakukhalako pachoko. Nyengo ya chihanya na chihanya, kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Continental Divide, kukuŵa mphepo na mabingu, kweni kanandi vikuŵako nyengo yifupi. Chimphepo chikuluta ku mapiri ghakumafumiro gha dazi kwa chigaŵa icho chikupambanako na mapiri gha kumafumiro gha dazi, chomenechomene kumpoto kwa chigaŵa ichi. Chivula cha malibwe ndicho chikuŵako pa nyengo ya chiwuvi chomene ndipo nyengo zinyake chikupangiska ŵanthu kupwetekeka, kweniso vinthu vinandi vikunangika. Ku mapiri gha kumafumiro gha dazi kwa charu ichi, kukuŵa vula ya malibwe iyo yikuŵa yikuru chomene ku North America. Vinyake mwa vinthu ivi ni vula ya malibwe iyo yikawira ku Denver pa Julayi 11, 1990, na pa Meyi 8, 2017.
Chigwa cha Kum'mawa ndi gawo la mbali yakumadzulo kwambiri ya Tornado Alley; mphepo zamkuntho zowononga ku Eastern Plains zikuphatikiza mphepo yamkuntho ya Limon F3 ya 1990 ndi mphepo yamkuntho ya Windsor EF3 ya 2008, yomwe idawononga tawuni yaying'ono. Vigaŵa vinyake vya kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Plains vikuŵa na mphepo zikuruzikuru, izo zikufuma ku mphepo zikuruzikuru zakuchemeka supercell thunderstorms, kweniso ku mphepo zakuchemeka landpouts, nga ni izo zikuchitika mu Denver convergence vorticity zone.
Kweniso mu vidika ivi nyengo zinyake pakuŵa maji ghakututuka, ndipo para nyengo yazizima, maji ghakututuka mwamabuchi chifukwa cha chimphepo na vula, kweniso chifukwa chakuti chiwuvi chikusungunuka mwaluŵiro mu mapiri. Vinyake mwa vinthu ivi ni maji ghakututuka agho ghakachitika mu Denver mu 1965, mu Big Thompson River mu 1976 na mu 2013 ku Colorado. Nyengo yakotcha yikuŵako comene mu nyengo ya cihanya ku Denver. Mu chaka cha 1901, mzinda uwu ukaŵa na nyengo ya kuzizima chomene. Ŵakacita nthena kwa mazuŵa 24 ndipo nyengo iyi yikakwana sabata yimoza.
Chigaŵa chikuru cha Colorado ntcha chilangalanga, ndipo chihanya chikugwa maji gha chivula ghakukwana mamilimita 430 pa chaka. Nyengo zinyake mu chigaŵa ichi mukuŵa chilangalanga. Mu 2002, mu chigaŵa ichi mukaŵa moto ukuru uwo ukawotcha malo ghanandi. Vinthu vinyake ivyo vikaŵako ni moto wa Fourmile Canyon uwo ukaŵako mu 2010, moto wa Waldo Canyon na High Park uwo ukaŵako mu Juni 2012, na moto wa Black Forest uwo ukaŵako mu Juni 2013. Moto wa Pine Gulch, wa Cameron Peak, na wa East Troublesome uwo ukabuka mu 2020, ndiwo ukaŵa ukuru chomene mu nyengo ya Colorado. Ndipo moto wa Marshall uwo ukayamba pa Disembala 30, 2021, nangauli ukaŵa ukuru comene yayi mu mdauko wa boma ili, kweni ukaŵa wakuparanya comene pa vinthu ivyo vikaparanyika (wonani Marshall Fire).
Maji agho ghakufuma mu mapiri gha Colorado Rocky Mountains ghakupeleka maji ghakukwana ku minda, matawuni, na misumba ya kumwera kwa New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, na Nevada, kweniso ku Midwest, nga ni Nebraska na Kansas, na kumwera kwa Oklahoma na Texas. Nyengo zinyake maji agha ghakafikanga kumpoto kwa Mexico.
Records
Kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri komwe kudalembedwapo ku Colorado kunali 115 ° F (46.1 ° C) pa Julayi 20, 2019, ku John Martin Dam. Pa February 1, 1985, ku Maybell, ku America, nyengo yazizima chomene yikaŵa -61 °F (-51.7 °C).
Earthquakes
Nangauli malo agha ghali na mapiri, kweni ku Colorado kulije vindindindi. Ku U.S. National Earthquake Information Center yili ku Golden.
Kukwambilira kwa Ogasiti 24, 2018, ku Colorado kukachitika chindindindi chankhondi icho chikafika pa 2.9 kufika pa 4.3.
Vinyama
Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1930, ku Colorado kukacitika cinthu cinyake ico cikapangiska kuti vinyama vyakofya vyakofya ivi vifwe. Gulu la mimbulu likakhazikikaso ku Moffat County, Colorado kumpoto chakumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Colorado mu 2019. Ŵalimi ŵa viŵeto ŵakufipa mtima kuti para mphumphi zikuweleraso, viŵeto vyawo vinganangika. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Colorado ŵakasankha kuti ŵaŵikeso mphumphi zakufipa mu 2020, ndipo boma ili likati laŵikapo mtima kuti mu 2022 mu charu ichi muŵe mphumphi zakufipa na kuzomerezga nthowa zakuponoskera mphumphi izo zikukoma viŵeto na vinyama.
Nangauli pali ukaboni wakuti mbuzi iyi yikaŵako vyaka 800,000 ivyo vyajumpha, kweni mbuzi iyi yikafuma ku Colorado yayi, kweni yikaŵako pakati pa 1947 na 1972. Nangauli mbuzi za ku mapiri zikaŵa kuti zikafumira ku malo ghanyake, kweni mu 1993 boma likati mbuzi za ku mapiri ni za ku malo agha. Mu 2013, 2014, na 2019, nthenda yambura kumanyikwa yikakoma ŵana wose ŵa mbuzi za ku mapiri, ndipo ivi vikapangiska kuti Colorado Parks and Wildlife yipenje.
Mu Colorado, ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu chigaŵa ichi ŵakasazgikana chomene mu vyaka 100 ivyo vyajumpha. Mu ma 1960, ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵako ŵakaŵanga 15,000 pera. Ndipouli, mu 2013, ŵanthu ŵakamba kupwelelera viyuni ivi ndipo vikakwana 66,000. Ŵanthu ŵakughanaghana kuti mu chaka cha 2019 ŵakafika pa ŵanthu 85,000 ndipo ŵakasuzgikanga chomene na nyumba izo zikaŵanga mu mphepete mwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Ŵalaraŵalara ŵa boma ŵakayowoya kuti ŵeneko ŵa malo ŵakwenera kusintha vinthu vinyake kuti viŵe vyakukwana kuti viyuni ivi vifwatukenge mu malo agha. Vinyama ivi vikusangika mu vigaŵa vya kumpoto na kumafumiro gha dazi kwa chigaŵa ichi, ndipo vinyake vikusangikaso ku mapiri gha San Juan.