cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Comoros
Legal system
Boma la Comoros lili na malango gha Chisilamu, malango gha ku France (Napoleonic Code), na malango gha mu charu (mila na ntsi). Ŵalara ŵa mu muzi, panji makhoti ghakurughakuru, ndiwo ghakumazga mphindano zinandi. Ŵeruzgi ŵakujiyimira ŵekha. Khoti Likuru Chomene likuŵa nga ni wupu wakuwona vya malango, ndipo likovwira pa nkhani za malango na kulaŵilira vyakusankha vya pulezidenti. Pakuti ni Khoti Likuru Chomene, likweruzgaso milandu iyo boma likususka. Khoti Likuru Chomene lili na ŵanthu ŵaŵiri awo ŵakusankhika na pulezidenti, ŵaŵiri awo ŵakusankhika na wupu wakuwona vya wanangwa wa ŵanthu, na yumoza uyo wakusankhika na boma la chilumba chilichose.
Political culture
Pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya bajeti ya boma lapakati pa caru yikugwiliskirika nchito pa ndondomeko ya boma iyo yikupanga boma lakujiyimira palekha na pulezidenti wa virwa vitatu ivi. Pa Meyi 16, 2009, pakachitika ungano wa ŵanthu wose kuti ŵamanye usange ŵangamazga maburoko gha boma. Ŵanthu 52.7% awo ŵakaŵa na wanangwa wa kuvota ŵakavota, ndipo 93.8% ŵakazomera. Pakugwiliskira nchito kusintha uku, pulezidenti wa cirwa cilicose wakaŵa kazembe ndipo ŵalaŵiliri ŵakaŵa ŵa pharazgi.
Foreign relations
Mu Novembala 1975, Comoros yikaŵa cigaŵa ca nambara 143 ca wupu wa United Nations. Nangauli ŵanthu ŵa ku Mayotte ŵakasankha kuti ŵaŵe ŵenekaya ŵa ku France, kweni charu ichi chikaŵa chigaŵa cha France.
Virwa vya Comoros vikayowoyapo kanandi waka kuti vikukhumba Mayotte ku wupu wa United Nations General Assembly, ndipo wupu uwu ukazomerezga fundo zinandi za mutu wakuti "Fumbo la Cirwa ca Mayotte ku Comoros". Ndipouli, mu vyakucitika vyakucitika, fundo izi zilije nkhongono ndipo palije cilindizga cakuti Mayotte waŵe cigaŵa ca Comoros kwambura kuzomerezgeka na ŵanthu ŵake. Sonosono apa, ungano uwu wasungilira fundo iyi pa ndondomeko yake, kweni ukuyilekeska caka na caka kwambura kuchitapo kanthu. Wupu unyake, nga ni wupu wa African Unity, Movement of Non-Aligned Countries na Organization of Islamic Cooperation, nawo ŵakususka mazaza gha France pa Mayotte. Kuti ŵamalizge kudumbiskana nkhani iyi na kugega kunjira mu wupu wa Comoros, ŵanthu ŵa ku Mayotte ŵakasankha kuti ŵaŵe chigaŵa cha France mu 2009. Malo ghaphya agha ghakamba kugwira ntchito pa 31 Malichi 2011 ndipo Mayotte wakazomerezgeka na European Union kuŵa chigaŵa chakutali chomene pa 1 Janyuwale 2014. Pa cifukwa ici, Mayotte wali ku cigaŵa ca France.
Comoros njumoza wa mawupu gha United Nations, African Union, Arab League, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Indian Ocean Commission na African Development Bank. Pa Epulero 10, 2008, Comoros yikaŵa caru ca nambara 179 kuzomera phangano la Kyoto la United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Comoros yikasayina phangano la UN lakukanizga vilwero vya nyukiliya.
Mu Meyi 2013, wupu wa Comoros ukamanyikwa chifukwa cha kupeleka chikalata ku ofesi ya wupu wa International Criminal Court (ICC) pa nkhani ya ivyo vikachitika pa "May 31, 2010 apo Israyeli wakawukira gulu la ŵanthu awo ŵakalutanga ku Gaza". Mu Novembala 2014, wapolisi wa ICC wakadumura kuti ivyo vikachitika vikaŵa vya mulandu wa nkhondo, kweni vikaŵa vyakukwana yayi kuti mulandu uwu uŵikike ku ICC.
Military
Ŵasilikari ŵa ku Comoros ŵali na ŵasilikari ŵachoko waka na ŵapolisi 500 kweniso ŵasilikari ŵakuvikilira ŵanthu 500. Phangano la kuvikilira caru na caru ca France likovwira kuti ŵasilikari ŵa ku Comoros ŵavikilire malo ghawo, kusambizga ŵasilikari ŵa ku Comoros, na kulaŵilira vinthu vya mu mlengalenga. Pa cifukwa ico boma la France likapempha, caru ca Comoros cili na ŵasilikari ŵakuzirwa, kweniso cikukhala na msasa ucoko wa ŵasilikari ŵa ku nyanja na gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa ku vyaru vinyake (Foreign Legion Detachment) ku Mayotte.
Human rights
Ku Comoros, ŵanalume na ŵanakazi awo ŵakugonana na ŵanalume ŵanyawo mbambura kuzomerezgeka. Para munthu wacita nthena, wakujalirika mu jele vyaka vinkhondi.
Chuma
Ŵanthu ŵanandi ku Comoros mbakavu, kweni "para tikuwona kuti pa caru cose pali ukavu wakukwana madola 1.90 pa zuŵa, ŵanthu ŵaŵiri pera pa ŵanthu 10 ŵa ku Comoros ndiwo mbakavu. Ukavu ukakhira na 10 peresenti pakati pa 2014 na 2018, ndipo vinthu vikamba kwenda makora. Kuyana yayi pa vya ndalama kukulutilira, ndipo pali mphambano yikuru pakati pa vikaya na misumba. Ndalama izo ŵanthu ŵa ku Comoros ŵakutumira ku vyaru vinyake ni zinandi chomene pa GDP ya charu ichi.
Kuyana na ILO's ILOSTAT statistical database, pakati pa 1991 na 2019 chiŵelengero cha ŵambura nchito nga ni peresenti ya ŵantchito wose chikaŵa pakati pa 4.38% na 4.3%. Kweni mu Okutobala 2005, ofesi ya Comoros Ministry of Planning and Regional Development yikati: "Ŵanthu awo ŵalije nchito ŵalipo 14.3 peresenti.
Mu 2019, ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 56% ŵakagwiranga nchito mu vyalo vya ulimi, ndipo 29% ŵakagwiranga nchito mu mafakitale na 14% mu maofesi. Virwa ivi vikuthemba pa vyakurya vyakunowa nga ni vanilla, sinamoni, na cloves. Virwa vya Comoros ndivyo vikupanga mafuta ghanandi chomene gha ylang-ylang, agho ghakugwiliskirika ntchito pakupanga mafuta ghakununkhira.
Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakukhala mu vigaŵa vya vigaŵa vya vigaŵa vya vigaŵa vya vigaŵa vya vigaŵa vya vigaŵa vya vigaŵa vya vigaŵa vya vigaŵa vya vigaŵa vya vigaŵa vya vigaŵa vinandi. Mu 2004, GDP ya ku Comoros yikakura na 1.9% ndipo GDP ya munthu yumoza yikalutilira kuchepa. Kuchepa kwa vinthu ivi kukulongosoreka na vinthu vinyake, nga nkhuchepa kwa ndalama zakugwilira nchito, kukhira kwa unandi wa ndalama, na kusazgikira kwa malonda cifukwa ca kukhira kwa mitengo ya vyakurya, comenecomene vanilla.
Ndondomeko ya ndalama yikukanizgika cifukwa ca ndalama zambura kuwoneka makora, malipiro gha ŵantchito ŵa boma agho ghali kukwera comene, na ngongoli ya caru cose iyo yili kujumpha comene mphaka ya HIPC. Ndipouli, kuŵa mu cigaŵa ca franc, ico nchakovwira comene kuti vinthu viŵe makora, kwanovwira kuti mitengo ya mu caru yileke kunangika.
Virwa vya Comoros vili na nthowa zakwendakwenda zambura kwenelera, ŵanthu ŵachoko waka ndipo ŵakusazgikira luŵiro, kweniso vyakuthupi vichoko waka. Ŵanthu awo ŵali na masambiro ghachoko chomene ndiwo ŵakupangiska kuti vinthu viŵayendere makora pa umoyo wawo, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵaleke ntchito, kweniso ŵakuthemba chomene ndalama zakufuma ku vyaru vinyake. Vyaru vikupanga 40% ya GDP ndipo vikupanga vyakurya vinandi.
Boma likufwilirapo comene kuti likhozge masambiro na masambiro gha ŵanthu, kuti likanizgire malonda na mafakitale, kuti likhozge umoyo wa ŵanthu, kuti lipelekenge ndalama zinandi ku vyaru vinyake, kuti likhozge vyakusanguluska, na kuchepeska unandi wa ŵanthu.
Ŵanthu
Virwa vya Comoros vili na ŵanthu pafupifupi 850,000, ndipo ni vyaru ivyo vili na ŵanthu ŵachoko chomene pa charu chose. Mu 2001, ŵanthu 34% ŵakakhalanga mu matawuni, kweni kufuma nyengo iyo, chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu mu matawuni chikukura.
Pafupifupi hafu ya ŵanthu ŵa ku Comoros ŵali na vyaka vyambura kukwana 15. Malo ghakurughakuru gha misumba ni Moroni, Mitsamihuli, Fumbuni, Mutsamudu, Domoni, na Fomboni. Ku France kuli ŵanthu ŵakukwana 200,000 na 350,000 ŵa ku Comoros.
Ethnic groups
Virwa vya Comoros vili na ŵanthu 97.1% ŵa fuko la Comorian, awo ŵakupambana mitundu. Ŵanyake mwa ŵanthu aŵa mba Makua na Ŵaindiya. Ku Grande Comore kuli ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵali kusamira ku caru cinyake kufuma ku China. Nangauli ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku France ŵakafumako ku Comoros mu 1975, kweni ŵanthu ŵachoko waka ŵa ku Creole awo ŵakafuma ku France, Madagascar, na Réunion, ndiwo ŵakukhala mu Comoros.
Languages
Viyowoyero ivyo vikuyowoyeka chomene ku Comoros ni viyowoyero vya ku Comoros, ivyo vikutchemeka Shikomori. Chiyowoyero ichi chikukolerana na Chiswahili, ndipo ŵanthu ŵakuyowoya viyowoyero ivi pa virwa vyose vinayi. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakulemba vilembo vya Chiarabic na Chilatini, ndipo sonosono apa ŵalemba vilembo vya Chilatini.
Chiarabic na Cifurenci ni viyowoyero vinyake vya boma pamoza na Cikomoro. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuyowoya Ciarabu cifukwa ndiyo ni ciyowoyero caciŵiri. Cifurenci ni ciyowoyero ca boma ndiposo ciyowoyero ca masambiro ghanandi agho ghakukolerana na Baibolo yayi.
Religion
Chisopa chikuru ni Chisilamu cha Sunni, ndipo ŵanthu pafupifupi 99% ndiwo ŵakumusopa. Charu cha Comoros ndicho chili na Ŵasilamu ŵanandi chomene ku Southern Africa ndipo chili kumwera chomene kwa Mayotte na Cocos Islands. Ŵanthu ŵachoko waka ŵa ku Comoros Mbakhristu, ndipo ŵanandi awo ŵakukhala ku Madagascar Mbakhristu. Ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakufuma ku France mba Katolika.
Health
Pa ŵanthu 100,000, pali ŵadokotala 15. Mu 2004, mwanakazi waliyose wakaba ŵana 4.7. Ŵanakazi ŵakukhala vyaka 67 ndipo ŵanalume 62.
Education
Pafupifupi ŵana wose ŵakusambira mu masukulu gha Quranic, kanandi pambere ŵandambe kusambira. Ŵana ŵakusambizgika Baibolo, kuŵazga pamtima, na kulemba vilembo vya Chiarabu. Ŵapapi ŵanandi ŵakutemwa kuti ŵana ŵawo ŵasambirenge mu masukulu gha Koran pambere ŵandalute ku masukulu gha ku France. Nangauli boma likuŵavya ndalama zinandi, ndipo ŵasambizgi ŵakupokera malipiro ghanandi yayi, kweni pali masukulu ghanandi ghapadera na gha ŵanthu wose agho ghali na masambiro ghawemi. Mapulani gha masambiro gha ku Comoros, padera pa vilimika vicoko waka mu nyengo ya kuzgoka kwa boma, ghakaŵa ghakuyana waka na gha ku France. Sonosono apa, ŵanthu ŵamba kusambizga mu sukulu za ku Comoros na kusazga masukulu ghaŵiri agha, masukulu ghakusambizgira ŵanthu Baibolo na gha Koran.
Pa nyengo iyo charu cha Comoros chikaŵa pambere chindambe kuwusa, masambiro ghakaŵa ghakukhwaskana na ulimi, kuliska viŵeto, na ntchito za pa nyumba. Ŵana ŵakasambizgikaso makhaliro ghawemi gha cisopa ca Ciisilamu. Mu ma 1900, vinthu vikasintha chomene pa nkhani ya masambiro. Ici cikacitikanga comene na ŵana ŵa ŵanthu ŵakuzirwa. Comores yikati yapokera wanangwa mu 1975, masambiro ghakasintha. Ŵasambizgi ŵakasoŵa ndalama zakugwilira ntchito, ndipo ŵanandi ŵakamba kunyenyenkha ntchito. Ntheura pakati pa 1997 na 2001, masambiro gha boma ghakamara. Kufuma waka apo boma likambira kujiyimira palekha, masambiro ghakamba kuwoneka makora chomene ndipo pali nthowa zinyake izo ŵanthu ŵakuchita. Kweniso chiŵelengero cha awo ŵakulembeska sukulu chikukura.
Mu 2000, ŵana 44.2% ŵa vyaka 5 m'paka 14 ŵakasambiranga sukulu. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakusoŵa vinthu vyakukhumbikwa pa sukulu, vinthu vinyake, ŵasambizgi ŵakwenelera, mabuku, na vinthu vinyake. Ŵasambizgi ŵanandi ŵakutondeka kusanga malipiro mwakuti ŵakukana kugwira nchito.
Pambere chaka cha 2000 chindafike, ŵana ŵa sukulu awo ŵakakhumbanga masambiro gha ku yunivesite ŵakeneranga kuluta ku charu chinyake. Ndipouli, kukwambilira kwa vyaka vya m'ma 2000, mu caru ici mukaŵa yunivesite. Ivi vikawovwira kuti vinthu vyendenge makora pa caru na kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakusambira comene ŵaleke kuwelera ku virwa ivi kukagwira nchito.
Chiyowoyero cha ku Comoros chilije vilembo, kweni ŵanthu ŵakugwiliskira ntchito vilembo vya Chiarabu na Chilatini. Mu 2004, ŵanthu pafupifupi 57 pa 100 ŵaliwose ŵakamanyanga kulemba na kulemba vilembo vya Chilatini, ndipo ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 90 pa 100 ŵaliwose ŵakamanyanga kulemba na kulemba vilembo vya Chiarabu.
Mwambo
Kanandi ŵanakazi ŵa ku Ndzwani ŵakuvwara malaya ghaswesi na ghatuŵa ghakuchemeka shiromani, apo ku Ngazidja na Mwali ŵakuvwara masilafu ghakununkhira ghakuchemeka leso. Ŵanakazi ŵanandi ŵakuvwara nkhule ya sandalwood na korali yakuchemeka msinzano. Ŵanalume ŵakuvwara malaya ghatali ghatuŵa ghakuchemeka nkandu, ndipo ŵakughavwalika kofia.
Marriage
Mu Comoros muli mitundu yiŵiri ya nthengwa, nthengwa yichoko (iyo yikuchemeka Mna daho pa Ngazidja) na nthengwa ya kaluso (iyo yikuchemeka ada pa Ngazidja, harusi pa virwa vinyake). Nthengwa yichoko iyi njambura kukhumba vinandi. Cikaŵa cipusu, cakukhora, ndiposo cakudura yayi, ndipo mukwati wakapelekanga ndalama zicoko waka. Mwanalume wangatorana na mwanakazi yumoza pera, kweni kanandi ŵanalume na ŵanakazi ŵakuŵa na nthengwa yimoza pera mu muzi. Cimanyikwiro ca nthengwa iyi ni vyakuvwara vyagolide, viphikiro vya masabata ghaŵiri, na vyawanangwa vikuru. Nangauli ndalama izo ŵakwendeskera nthengwa zikugaŵikana pakati pa mbumba zose ziŵiri kweniso na ŵanthu ŵanandi, kweni ukwati wa ada pa Ngazidja ungaŵa wakudura pafupifupi mapaundi 5,000. Ŵakutorana ŵanandi ŵakumalira nyengo yawo yinandi kuti ŵasunge ndalama zakovwilira mbumba yawo, ndipo kanandi pa nthengwa pakusangika ŵana awo mbalara.
Para mwanalume wafwa, wakwamba kuŵa na vyaka vinandi. Malo ghake ghakukwera comene, ndipo kufuma pa nyengo iyi waŵenge na wanangwa wa kuyowoya pa wumba na kunjilirapo pa ndyali, mu muzi wake na mu caru cose. Waŵenge na wanangwa wa kulongora udindo wake mwa kuvwara mharuma, mtundu unyake wa chisoti, pa viŵegha vyake, ndipo wanganjira mu mzikiti pa mulyango wa ŵalara, na kukhala kunthazi. Kweniso mwanakazi wakusintha para waŵa "mama" na kukhala mu nyumba yake. Pa virwa vinyake, nthengwa yikucitika mwakuyana na dango yayi, kweni yikuŵa yakuzirwa comene kweniso njakudura.
Kanandi ŵakususka ndondomeko iyi cifukwa cakuti njakudura comene, kweni yikovwira kuti ŵanthu ŵaŵe ŵakukolerana. Kweniso ŵanthu ŵakwamba kupeleka msonkho pa nthengwa kuti ŵasange ndalama zakwendeskera vikaya.
Kinship and social structure
Ŵanthu ŵa ku Comoros ŵali na mbumba ziŵiri. Ŵanthu awo ŵakukhala mu mbumba ya Bantu ŵakuyana waka na ŵanthu awo ŵakukhala mu mbumba ya ŵanthu awo ŵakukhala mu nyumba za ŵanalume. Ndipouli, pa virwa ivi pali mphambano yikuru comene, cifukwa pa Ngazidja, ŵanthu awo ŵali mu mbumba za ŵanyinawo ndiwo ŵali na nkhongono comene.
Music
Sumu za Twarab, izo zikafuma ku Zanzibar kukwambilira kwa m'ma 1900, zikulutilira kuŵa zakumanyikwa comene pa virwa ivi ndipo zikumanyikwa comene pa maukwati.
Chigaŵa chavisankho cha Kumpoto, Mzimba
Kumpoto ni chigaŵa chavisankho mu Boma la Mzimba, Chigaŵa cha Kumpoto, Malaŵi.
London Borough of Ealing
London Borough of Ealing ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Metropolitan Borough of Dudley
Metropolitan Borough of Dudley ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Mialouto
Mialouto ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Bamingui-Bangoran kumpoto kwa Central African Republic.
County Durham (district)
County Durham (district) ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Chigaŵa chavisankho cha Kummwera kwa kumafumiro gha dazi, Mzimba
Kummwera kwa kumafumiro gha dazi ni chigaŵa chavisankho mu Boma la Mzimba, Chigaŵa cha Kumpoto, Malaŵi.
Chigaŵa chavisankho cha Kummwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi, Mzimba
Kummwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi ni chigaŵa chavisankho mu Boma la Mzimba, Chigaŵa cha Kumpoto, Malaŵi.
Chigaŵa chavisankho cha Kummwera, Mzimba
Kummwera ni chigaŵa chavisankho mu Boma la Mzimba, Chigaŵa cha Kumpoto, Malaŵi.
East Cambridgeshire
East Cambridgeshire ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
East Hertfordshire
East Hertfordshire ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
East Lindsey
East Lindsey ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Eden, Cumbria
Eden, Cumbria ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
East Suffolk (district)
East Suffolk (district) ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
East Staffordshire
East Staffordshire ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Chigaŵa chavisankho cha Msumba la Mzuzu
Msumba la Mzuzu ni chigaŵa chavisankho mu Boma la Mzimba, Chigaŵa cha Kumpoto, Malaŵi.
Eastbourne
Eastbourne ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
East Riding of Yorkshire (district)
East Riding of Yorkshire (district) ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
East Hampshire
East Hampshire ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Borough of Elmbridge
Borough of Elmbridge ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
East Devon
East Devon ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Chigaŵa chavisankho cha Solola
Solola ni chigaŵa chavisankho mu Boma la Mzimba, Chigaŵa cha Kumpoto, Malaŵi.
Ipswich (borough)
Ipswich (borough) ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Dundee, KwaZulu Natal
Dundee, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
London Borough of Enfield
London Borough of Enfield ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Hyndburn
Hyndburn ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Mbiri Yoyambirira ya South Africa
Mbiri yakale ya charu cha South Africa (na chigaŵa chose cha kumwera kwa Africa) yikamba mu nyengo ya Nyengo ya Malibwe m'paka m'ma 1700. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Homo sapiens ŵakamba kufika ku Southern Africa vyaka 130,000 ivyo vyajumpha, panji vyaka 260,000 ivyo vyajumpha. Malo agha ghakaŵako mu nyengo ya malibwe m'paka apo ŵanthu ŵakambira kuliska viŵeto vyaka pafupifupi 2,000 ivyo vyajumpha. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Bantu ŵakafika mu charu icho sono chikuchemeka South Africa cha m'ma 1000 C.E., vyaka vyakujumpha 1,800 ivyo vyajumpha. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1100, maufumu ghakwambilira gha Bantu ghakaŵako. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe ŵakamba kukumana na ŵanthu aŵa mu 1488, kweni ŵakamba kukolerana na ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe mu ma 1600 (wonani History of South Africa (1652-1815).
Isles of Scilly
Isles of Scilly ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Miamere
Miamere ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Bamingui-Bangoran kumpoto kwa Central African Republic.
Isle of Wight
Isle of Wight ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
King's Lynn and West Norfolk
King's Lynn and West Norfolk ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
London Borough of Islington
London Borough of Islington ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea
Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Barklieside, KwaZulu Natal
Barklieside, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Wasbank, KwaZulu Natal
Wasbank, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
London Borough of Lambeth
London Borough of Lambeth ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames
Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Kirklees
Kirklees ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
City of Lancaster
City of Lancaster ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
HlathiDlamini, KwaZulu Natal
HlathiDlamini, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Chigaŵa chavisankho cha Pakati, Nkhatabay
Pakati ni chigaŵa chavisankho mu Boma la Nkhatabay, Chigaŵa cha Kumpoto, Malaŵi.
Lewes (district)
Lewes (district) ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Glencoe, KwaZulu Natal
Glencoe, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Napoleon Dzombe
Napoleon Dzombe ni munthu wa bizinesi ndiposo wakupeleka vyawanangwa mu Malaŵi. Ndiyo wakambiska chipatala cha Blessing..
Umoyo
Wakawovwira comene pa nyengo ya chilangalanga ico cikacitika mu Malawi mu 2001-2002. Dzombe wakovwiraso kuti kulime makora mu Malawi. Iyo ni mweneko wa Madalitso Food Production ndipo wakwendeskaso kampani ya shuga. Kampani ya Dzombe yakucemeka Mtalimanja Holdings Limited nayo yikasangirapo ndalama zinandi mu makina ghakupangira mpunga.
Lincoln, Lincolnshire
Lincoln, Lincolnshire ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
City of Leeds
City of Leeds ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Napoleon Dzombe
Umoyo
Mu 2012, Dzombe wakalongozga gulu la ŵamalonda awo ŵakaŵika ndalama zinandi mu vyakupangira mafuta gha biodiesel ku Malawi.
Mulimo wake ukaŵa mu filimu yifupi ya 2005 yakucemeka "A Warm Heart".
Dzombe wali mu mpingo wa Church of Christ.
CategoryChaka cha kubabikira chakusoŵa (ŵanthu ŵamoyo)
Ukaboni
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Masotsheni, KwaZulu Natal
Masotsheni, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Lichfield (district)
Lichfield (district) ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Leicester
Leicester ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Chigaŵa chavisankho cha Kumpoto, Nkhatabay
Kumpoto ni chigaŵa chavisankho mu Boma la Nkhatabay, Chigaŵa cha Kumpoto, Malaŵi.
Bracknell Forest
Bracknell Forest ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
London Borough of Lewisham
London Borough of Lewisham ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Breckland (district)
Breckland (district) ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole
Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
UMzinyathi, KwaZulu Natal
UMzinyathi, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Braintree (district)
Braintree (district) ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Enhlalakahle, KwaZulu Natal
Enhlalakahle, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
London Borough la Brent
Brent ni boma (London Borough) mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Endumeni, KwaZulu Natal
Endumeni, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Chigaŵa chavisankho cha Kummwera, Nkhatabay
Kummwera ni chigaŵa chavisankho mu Boma la Nkhatabay, Chigaŵa cha Kumpoto, Malaŵi.
Muden, KwaZulu Natal
Muden, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
HlathiNgudulwane, KwaZulu Natal
HlathiNgudulwane, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Chigaŵa chavisankho cha Kummwera, Nkhatabay
Masambiro
Masukulu mu Kummwera ni:
Chigaŵa chavisankho cha Kumanjiliro gha dazi, Nkhatabay
Kumanjiliro gha dazi ni chigaŵa chavisankho mu Boma la Nkhatabay, Chigaŵa cha Kumpoto, Malaŵi.
Broadland
Broadland ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Brighton and Hove
Brighton and Hove ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Borough of Broxtowe
Borough of Broxtowe ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
City of Bradford
City of Bradford ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Brentwood (borough)
Brentwood (borough) ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Portal:Nigeria/Categories
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Broxbourne (borough)
Broxbourne (borough) ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Chigaŵa chavisankho cha Pakati, Rumphi
Pakati ni chigaŵa chavisankho mu Boma la Rumphi, Chigaŵa cha Kumpoto, Malaŵi.
Ubale wa Malaŵi na vyalo vinyake
Pulezidenti wakale wa Malaŵi, Bakili Muluzi, wakalutilira na fundo za ku vyaru vya ku mpoto izo Hastings Banda, uyo wakaŵako pambere iyo wandaŵe pulezidenti, wakayowoya. Lili na ubwezi uwemi comene na vyaru vikuruvikuru vya ku vyaru vya kumanjiliro gha dazi. Cifukwa cakuti Malaŵi wakaŵa paubwezi wakukhora na South Africa mu nyengo ya apartheid, vinthu vikamba kunangika pakati pa Malawi na vyaru vinyake vya mu Africa. Kufumira apo muwuso wa apartheid ukaparanyikira mu 1994, Malawi uli na ubwezi wakukhora na vyaru vyose vya mu Africa.
Bilateral donors
Vyaru vyakuzirwa ivyo vyapeleka ndalama ni Canada, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Iceland, Japan, South Korea, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Republic of China (Taiwan), United Kingdom, na United States. Mabungwe agho ghakupeleka ndalama ku vyaru vinandi nga ni World Bank, International Monetary Fund, European Union, African Development Bank, na United Nations.
SADC
Mu 2001, Malaŵi ndiyo wakaŵa pulezidenti wa Southern African Development Community (SADC). Muluzi wakacitanga milimo yinandi mu SADC pa nkhani za umo wupu wa pa caru cose wakwimikana na vivulupi na kusintha malo mu Zimbabwe.
Matimatolo, KwaZulu Natal
Matimatolo, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Ubale wa Malaŵi na vyalo vinyake
ACP
Malaŵi wali mu gulu la vyaru vya ACP kwambira waka pa Lomé I. Kweniso ni phangano la Cotonou, phangano la ubali pakati pa European Community/European Union na vyaru 77 vya mu Africa, Caribbean na Pacific..
Chigaŵa chavisankho cha Kummwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi, Nkhatabay
Kummwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi ni chigaŵa chavisankho mu Boma la Nkhatabay, Chigaŵa cha Kumpoto, Malaŵi.
Ubale wa Malaŵi na vyalo vinyake
Memberships in international organizations
Malaŵi njumoza wa mawupu agha: Commonwealth of Nations, United Nations na mabungwe ghanyake agho ghakukolerana nagho. UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO), IMF, World Bank, Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), Bern Convention, Universal Copyright Convention, Organization of African Unity (OAU), Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, Lome Convention, African Development Bank (AFDB), Southern African Development Community (SADC), Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), Non-Aligned Movement, G-77, and the World Health Organization (WHO).
Malaŵi nayo wali mu khoti la International Criminal Court (ICC) ilo lili na phangano la kuvikilira ŵasilikari ŵa United States.
Malawi na Commonwealth of Nations
Malawi became a full member of the Commonwealth on independence from the United Kingdom in 1964. Queen Elizabeth II, Head of the Commonwealth, was Queen of Malawi, represented by the Governor-General of Malawi, until the country became a republic in the Commonwealth of Nations in 1966, when the then Prime Minister of Malawi, Hastings Banda, declared himself the first President of Malawi.
Ukaboni
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Bromsgrove (district)
Bromsgrove (district) ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Mndandanda wa misumba na matauni ghaku Estonia
Pano pali mazina gha misumba na matawuni 47 gha mu Estonia. Pambere charu cha Estonia chindaŵe na wanangwa mu 1918, malo ghanandi agha ghakamanyikwanga mu vyaru vinyake na mazina ghawo gha ciyowoyero ca ku Germany. Mu nyengo ya Soviet Union iyo yikapoka charu cha Estonia mu 1944-1991, mazina gha malo agha ghakalembeka mu ChiRussian (Cyrillic alphabet) mu vikalata vya boma la Soviet Union, ivyo vikapangiska kuti pa mapu ghanyake gha Chingelezi na malemba ghanyake gha mu hafu yachiŵiri ya vyaka vya m'ma 1900, palembeke mazina gha malo ghakupambanapambana kufuma ku ChiRussian (Cyrillic) kuya ku Chingelezi (na mazina ghanyake gha Chilatini).
London Borough of Bromley
London Borough of Bromley ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Luvisi, KwaZulu Natal
Luvisi, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Ndagra
Ndagra ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Bamingui-Bangoran kumpoto kwa Central African Republic.
Mkhonjane A, KwaZulu Natal
Mkhonjane A, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Metropolitan Borough of Bury
Metropolitan Borough of Bury ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Rafiq Hajat
Wakasambira digiri ya B.A. mu sayansi ya ndyali ku Saint Xavier College ku Mumbai, India mu 1975..
Ntchito
Wapampando wa wupu wakuwona vya malonda na vyamakampani wa chalo ichi, wapampando wa DEMAT, Development of Malawian Traders' Trust, kweniso mulara wa Institute for Policy Interaction (IPI). Wakagwirapo ntchito ku Malawi Chamber of Commerce and Industry ndipo wakaŵa mu board member wa Small Enterprise Development Organisation of Malawi na Development of Malawi Traders Trust.
Ntchito ya ndale
Hajat was a member of the executive in the United Democratic Front.
Kulimbikira
Hajat wakaŵa mulara wa Institute for Policy Interaction (IPI) ndipo ndiyo wakambiska Transparency International - Malawi Chapter. Hajat na purezidenti wa Malawi Democratic Party (MDP) Kamlepo Kalua ŵakapanga gulu lakuvikilira demokalase (Forum for the Defense of Democracy) gulu lakuwoneseska kuti boma lileke kunanga vinthu.
Steve Tshwete, Mpumalanga
Steve Tshwete, Mpumalanga ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Nkangala District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Mpumalanga, charu cha South Africa.
Rafiq Hajat
Kulimbikira
Hajat wakaŵa yumoza wa awo ŵakalongozga pa nkhani ya vyachuma pa charu chose. Ici cikapangiska kuti wabisame kwa mazuŵa ghacoko waka, kweni pamasinda wakalutilira kunozga viyezgelero.
Pa 2 Seputembala 2011, maofesi gha IPI ghakawotcheka apo Hajat wakalutanga ku Lilongwe.
Kufwa
Hajat wakafwa mulenjilenji pa 13 September 2021 apo ŵakamutolera ku South Africa chifukwa cha nthenda ya mtima. Zuŵa lenelira ŵakamusunga pa dindi la Westpark ku Johannesburg..
Ukaboni
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Borough of Erewash
Borough of Erewash ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Burnley (borough)
Burnley (borough) ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Buckinghamshire (district)
Buckinghamshire (district) ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Epsom and Ewell
Epsom and Ewell ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Pomeroy, KwaZulu Natal
Pomeroy, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Nkangala, South Africa
Nkangala, South Africa ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Nkangala District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Mpumalanga, charu cha South Africa.
Chigaŵa chavisankho cha Kumafumiro gha dazi, Rumphi
Kumafumiro gha dazi ni chigaŵa chavisankho mu Boma la Rumphi, Chigaŵa cha Kumpoto, Malaŵi.
Emalahleni , Mpumalanga
Emalahleni, Mpumalanga ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Nkangala District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Mpumalanga, charu cha South Africa.
Chigaŵa cha Pakati (ving'anamulilo vinyake)
Chigaŵa cha Pakati wangang'anamula:
Ndatshana, KwaZulu Natal
Ndatshana, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Manga, Central African Republic
Manga ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Bamingui-Bangoran kumpoto kwa Central African Republic.
Mndandanda wa ŵanthu mu Nyumba ya Windsor
Nyumba ya Windsor, nyumba yachifumu ya United Kingdom na maufumu ghanyake 14 gha Commonwealth, yikusazgapo ŵana ŵanalume ŵa Fumukazi Victoria awo mbanthu awo ŵakulongozgeka na Koroni na ŵana ŵanalume ŵa Fumukazi Elizabeth II (1952 Order-in-Council). Mwakuyana na malango ghaŵiri agha, ŵanakazi awo ŵali na ŵana ŵanalume ŵakuleka kuŵa na zina lakuti Windsor para ŵatorana.
Mbumba ya fumu Arthur, Duke of Connaught na Strathearn, mwana wacitatu wa Victoria, yikamara mu 1974, na nyifwa ya fumu Patricia wa ku Connaught, uyo pamanyuma wakazgoka Lady Patricia Ramsay.
Mwana waciwukirano wa Victoria, zina lake Leopold, Duke of Albany, wakaŵa wa mu mbumba ya Windsor yayi, cifukwa ŵakalwera ku Germany pa Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Caru Cose nga ni Duke wa Saxe-Coburg na Gotha. (Kweni mwana wa Duke uyu, Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone, wakaŵa wa mu mbumba ya Windsor cifukwa wakakhala ku United Kingdom).
Ŵabali ŵatatu ŵa nyumba ya Windsor mba Katolika (ŵakucemeka "CA" mu tebulo) ndipo ŵakutondeka kupokera ufumu wa Britain. Ŵabali 49 awo ŵakhalapo ŵali mu mzere wa muwuso, kweni ŵakulondezgana yayi. Ŵanalume ŵaŵiri pa ŵanakazi 49 aŵa ŵakaŵa kuti ŵandazomerezgeke kutora ufumu chifukwa chakuti ŵakatorana na Ŵakatolika, kweni ŵakambaso kutora ufumu mu 2015 apo Dango la 2013 la Ufumu likamba kugwira ntchito.
Nyumba ya Windsor: Mndandanda wa mbadwa za George V
Members
Fenland District
Fenland District ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Nquthu, KwaZulu Natal
Nquthu, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Manovo
Manovo ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Bamingui-Bangoran kumpoto kwa Central African Republic.
Fareham (borough)
Fareham (borough) ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Mqhedlana, KwaZulu Natal
Mqhedlana, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Folkestone and Hythe (District)
Folkestone and Hythe (District) ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Victor Khanye, Mpumalanga
Victor Khanye, Mpumalanga ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Nkangala District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Mpumalanga, charu cha South Africa.
Dolo, KwaZulu Natal
Dolo, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Mkhonjane E, KwaZulu Natal
Mkhonjane E, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UMzinyathi District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Exeter
Exeter ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Thembisile Hani, Mpumalanga
Thembisile Hani, Mpumalanga ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la Nkangala District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Mpumalanga, charu cha South Africa.
Forest of Dean (district)
Forest of Dean (district) ni boma mu charu cha England. Charu cha England chiliso mu chigawa cha United Kingdom, ndipo chili na mphaka na Wales kumanjiliro gha dazi na Scotland kumpoto.
Cuba
Cuba (/ˈkjuːbə/ KEW-bə, Chiyowoyelo cha Spanish: [ˈkuβa], mwakuchemeka Ripabukili ya Cuba (Chiyowoyelo cha Spanish: República de Cuba [reˈpuβlika ðe ˈkuβa] ntchalo chakuzingilizgika na manji icho china Nkhaska ya Cuba,na Isla de la Juventud kweneso na tunkhunkha tuchoko tunandi uto tuli musi ,wake.Cuba wali ku mpoto kwa nyanja ikulu ya Caribbean ,Gulf ya Mexico,na nyanja ikulu ya  Atlantic apo vikukumana.Cuba walikukhala za kumafumilo gha dazi gha Yucatán Peninsula (Mexico),kummwela kwa Nthavwa ya United States ya Florida na Bahamas,ku manjililo gha dazi gha Hispaniola (Haiti/Dominican Republic), na kumpoto kwa Jamaica na  Cayman Islands.Havana ndiwo musumba ukulu kweneso msumba wa boma;kusazgapo misumba inyake nga ni  Santiago de Cuba na Camagüey.Malo chaiwo gha charu cha Cuba ni  109,884 km2 (42,426 sq mi) (kwambula malo ghanyake gha maji).Nkhaska ikulu ya charu cha Cuba kweneso mu Caribbean ni Nthaska ya Cuba,iyo ina usani wa 104,556 km2 (40,369 sq mi).Cuba ntchalo chachiŵili chakumanyikwa mu Caribbean pafuma Haiti,na ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 11 miliyoni.
Chigaŵa icho sono chikuchemeka Cuba chikaŵa na ŵanthu ŵa Chiboney kwambira mu vyaka vya m'ma 4 B.C.E. na ŵanthu ŵa Guanahatabey na Taino. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1500, charu ichi chikaŵa mu ufumu wa Spain, ndipo mu 1886, ukapolo ukafumiskika. Charu ichi chikakhala mu ufumu wa Spain m'paka apo nkhondo ya Spain na America yikambira mu 1898. Mu 1940, charu cha Cuba chikapanga dango liphya la boma la charu ichi, kweni masuzgo gha ndyali ghakafika pachanya mu 1952 apo boma la Cuba likawukira boma la Fulgencio Batista, Chipani ichi chikathereskeka mu Janyuwale 1959 na gulu la 26th July Movement pa nyengo ya Cuban Revolution, ilo pamanyuma likakhazikiska boma la chikomyunizimu pasi pa Fidel Castro. Charu ichi chikaŵa chakususkana chomene pa nyengo ya Nkhondo ya Charu cha Soviet Union na United States, ndipo nkhondo ya nyukiliya yikakhala pachoko kuti yambike pa nyengo ya Cuban Missile Crisis mu 1962. Panyuma pa kupasuka kwa Soviet Union, Cuba wakasangana na suzgo likuru la vya cuma mu ma 1990, ilo likamanyikwa kuti nyengo yapadera. Mu chaka cha 2008, Fidel Castro wakafumapo pa udindo wake pamanyuma pa vyaka 49 vya kuwusa charu cha Cuba ndipo wakasintha na munung'una wake Raúl Castro.
Panyuma pa kupasuka kwa Soviet Union, Cuba wakasangana na suzgo likuru la vya cuma mu ma 1990, ilo likamanyikwa kuti nyengo yapadera. Mu chaka cha 2008, Fidel Castro wakafumapo pa udindo wake pamanyuma pa vyaka 49 vya kuwusa charu cha Cuba ndipo wakasintha na munung'una wake Raúl Castro. Censorship ya nkhani (kuphatikizapo malire pa intaneti) njakusazgikira, Ndipo nyuzipepara yakujiyimira payekha yikuyuzgika mu Cuba; Wupu wa Reporters Without Borders ukuti charu cha Cuba nchimoza mwa vyaru viheni comene pa caru cose pa nkhani ya wanangwa wa mdauko.
Daniel Liwimbi
Daniel Symphoriana Liwimbi ni munthu wa bizinesi na wandale uyo wakasankhika kuŵa nduna mu nduna ya Malawi mu Juni 2009.
Cuba
Kwiza kwa zina
wonaniso : Ripabuliki ya Cuba (1902-1959)
Daniel Liwimbi
Liwimbi wakaŵa General Manager wa kampani ya Ethanol Company of Malawi (ETHCO), iyo yikupanga Ethanol kufuma ku shuga. Mu Okutobala 2007, kampani yake na dipatimenti ya sayansi na vyakupangapanga ya Malawi, ŵakalongosora galimoto yakwamba yakufuma ku Brazil yakuchemeka 'flex-fuel' pa ungano uwo ukachitikira ku Balntyre. Mu Disembala 2007, Liwimbi wakati: "Usange ntchito yose iyi yikukhumba kuti yende makora, boma likwenera kusazgirako mulimo wake. Usange mbuto izi zingapangika mwakukwana, mbuto izi zingafika malita 30 miliyoni pa nyengo".
Cuba
Kwiza kwa zina
Ŵalembi mbili ŵanandi ŵanachigomezgo kuti zina lakuti Cuba lilikufumila mu chiyowoyelo cha Taino nangauli vikumanyikwa chala kuti ghakatoleka ku mazgo ghakuti uli gha mu chiyowoyelo chenechicho.Ching'anamulo cha Cuba chikumanyikwa makola chala,nangauli mang'anamulilo ghanyake ghangaŵa ghakuti: "apo pali nthaka inandi" (cubao), panji "malo ghawemi"(coabana).Ŵalembi ŵanandi awo wakugomezga kuti Christopher Columbus wakaŵa mu Portuguese ŵakuyowoya zakuti Cuba wakathyeka na Columbus kuthya msumba wa Cuba mu boma la Beja ku Portugal.
Daniel Liwimbi
Liwimbi wakasankhika kufuma ku Nkhotakota North-East mu mavoti gha mu mwezi wa Meyi 2009, pa chiphapha cha Democratic Progressive Party. Wakimikika kuŵa Deputy Minister of Development Planning and Cooperation mu kabini iyo yikachita chilapo pa 15 June 2009. Wakasungilira udindo uwu pa 9 August 2010. Mu Ogasiti 2010, Liwimbi wakayowoya kuti 40% ya vyakurya vya ku Malawi vikazgeŵa mu nyengo yakulondezgapo vuna, ndipo wakapharazga ndondomeko ya boma yakuzenga malo ghakusungiramo vyakurya ku Mzuzu agho ghangapeleka matani 25,000 gha vyakurya..
Cuba
Nyengo yakwamba ya Columbia
Mu malo gha Caribbean,agho ni malo ghaumalilo ghakupona gha nyengo ya chiyamwaka iyo kukaŵa vinyama vikulu vikulu,vikakhalanga mu Cuba chomene pambele 2660 BCE (Pambele Fumu Yesu Indababike).Pambele ma Spanish ghandize,Cuba wakaŵa na mitundu iŵili ya ŵanthu ŵakwamba ŵa mtundu wachi Amelika : ŵanthu ŵa Taíno (kusazgapo ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Ciboney), na mtundu ŵanthu wa Guanahatabey.
Daniel Liwimbi
Ukaboni
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Cuba
Nyengo yakwamba ya Columbia
Vikumanyikwa chala za mizilo ya mtundu wa ŵanthu wa Guanahatabey mu Cuba kweneso kuti ka pakwamba ŵakaŵa na chiyowoyelo na mwambo mbu kuuskako wa Taino.Pali ganizo lakuti ŵagogo ŵa ŵagogo ŵawo ŵakaŵa ŵanthu ŵachi Taino ŵwakwamba ŵa Antilles Mukulu.
ŴaTaíno ŵakaŵa ŵalimi,wokola somba kweneso ŵakusola vipaso na kusaka nyama.
Ulamulilo wa Spanish (1492–1898)
Wati wiza pa nkhaska yakuchemeka Guanahani, Bahamas,pa 12 Okutobala mu chaka cha 1492, Christopher Columbus wakalamulila sitima zake zitatu : La Pinta, La Niña na Santa María,kusanga Cuba pa 27 Okutobala 11492,nakufika ku mpoto kwa mafumilo gha dazi mumphepete mwa nyanja pa 28 Okutobala.(Apa pakaŵa pafupi na  Bariay, Chigaŵa cha Holguín.) Columbus wakatola nkhaska(Island) ya Ufumu Uphya wa Spain na kuuthya Isla Juana kutola zina la John, Fumu ya  Asturias. Mu 1511, chikhaze chakwamba cha Spanish chikasangika na Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar pa Baracoa.Vyakuzengeka vinyake vikayambapo kupangika,kusazgapo San Cristobal de la Habana,kusangika mu 1515, paumalilo ukaŵs msumba wa charu.Ŵanthu ŵa Taino ŵakachichizgika mwambula kukhumba kugwila ntchito yakuzenga malo,iyo ni nthowa yakukozgana na iyo ikachitikanga ku Yulaya.
Mu 1529, nthenda ya measles mu Cuba iyo ikakoma ŵanthu awo ŵwakaŵa kuti ŵapona kale ku vinandi nga ni nthenda ya smallpox.
Pa 18 Meyi 1539, conquistador Hernando de Soto wakauka ulendo kufuma ku Havana na ŵalondezgi  600 kuya ku Amelika wa Kummwela kwa Mafumilo gha Dazi,kwambila Florida,kupeja malibwe gha golide,nkhongono na kumanyika,kweneso  na vakuzilwa vinyake.treasure. Pa 1 Sekutembala 1548, Dr. Gonzalo Perez de Angulo wakasankhika kuŵa mlala wa boma(governor)  la Cuba.Wakafika mu Santiago, Cuba, pa 4 Novembala 1549, nakwamba kukhazikiska umoza wa ŵanthu wose. Wakaŵa waboma wakwamba (governor ) kukhala ku Havanamumalo mwakukhala ku Santiago,ndipo wakazenga Tchalitchi lakwamba la  Havana lakupangika na masonry.
Mlimo wakukhumba kujilamulila
Kujilamulila kukulu kufuma mu nkhongono ya charu cha Spain chikaŵa chakulinga icho ŵanandi ŵakachitola ngati nkhudelela mu 1868 uko kukadangililika na mpandi Carlos Manuel de Céspedes. De Céspedes,mpandi zinde,wakafwatula ŵakapolo ŵake wose kuti ŵakamuvwile ku nkhondo kuthaska Cuba mu ulamulilo wa Spain.Pa 27 Disembala 1868,wakalemba chikalakala (kalata) chakuyowoya kuti waliyose uyo wana mukaplo wakuti wamuvwila ku nkhani ya nkhondo waŵe wakumasuka mu mayendelo,nangauli wachali kapolo.Vyakulondezga vya mu 1868 kukapangiska kuti kuŵe chongo chikulu kweneso chakumala nyengo itali chakuchemeka pa chingelezi 'Ten Years’ War'.
Chiŵelengelo chinandi cha ŵanthu ŵakukhumba kusintha wakufumila mu charu cha Dominican Republic na vyaru vinyakhe kweneso na ma Chinese ghakatolapo luwande pakujoina pa vyakuchitika.Charu cha United States chikakana kuzomelezga za kupangika kwa boma liphya la Cuba kusazgapo vyaru vinyake vya chilwa cha Yulaya na Latini Amelika (navoso vikakana).Mu 1878,Pact of Zanjón ukamazga vyongo ivi ,ndipo charu cha Spain chikalonjeza ntchindi na ubwezi na Cuba.