cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Forstau
Forstau ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Les Avellanes i Santa Linya
Les Avellanes i Santa Linya ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Faistenau
Faistenau ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Filzmoos
Filzmoos ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Linyola
Linyola ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Eugendorf
Eugendorf ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Fusch an der Großglocknerstraße
Fusch an der Großglocknerstraße ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Göriach
Göriach ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Les, Catalonia
Les, Catalonia ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Flachau
Flachau ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Lles de Cerdanya
Lles de Cerdanya ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Fuschl am See
Fuschl am See ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Llimiana
Llimiana ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Göming
Göming ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Goldegg
Goldegg ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Llardecans
Llardecans ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Maials
Maials ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Massalcoreig
Massalcoreig ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Großgmain
Großgmain ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Henndorf am Wallersee
Henndorf am Wallersee ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Massoteres
Massoteres ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Maldà
Maldà ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Grödig
Grödig ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
La Vansa i Fórnols
La Vansa i Fórnols ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Grossarl
Grossarl ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Hallwang
Hallwang ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Golling an der Salzach
Golling an der Salzach ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Montoliu de Segarra
Montoliu de Segarra ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Kaprun
Kaprun ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Montellà i Martinet
Montellà i Martinet ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Montoliu de Lleida
Montoliu de Lleida ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Naut Aran
Naut Aran ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Menàrguens
Menàrguens ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Nalec
Nalec ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Miralcamp
Miralcamp ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Hintersee, Austria
Hintersee, Austria ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Odèn
Odèn ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Montornès de Segarra
Montornès de Segarra ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Lamprechtshausen
Lamprechtshausen ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Leogang
Leogang ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Krimml
Krimml ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Köstendorf
Köstendorf ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Koppl
Koppl ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Lessach
Lessach ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Hüttschlag
Hüttschlag ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Montferrer i Castellbò
Montferrer i Castellbò ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Mittersill
Mittersill ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Lofer
Lofer ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Mauterndorf
Mauterndorf ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Pinós
Pinós ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Kuchl
Kuchl ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Navès, Lleida
Navès, Lleida ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Muhr
Muhr ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Rialp
Rialp ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Ponts, Lleida
Ponts, Lleida ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Hüttau
Hüttau ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Oliola
Oliola ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Puigverd de Lleida
Puigverd de Lleida ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Kleinarl
Kleinarl ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Puigverd d'Agramunt
Puigverd d'Agramunt ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Ribera d'Urgellet
Ribera d'Urgellet ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Hof bei Salzburg
Hof bei Salzburg ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Mariapfarr
Mariapfarr ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Puiggròs
Puiggròs ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Niedernsill
Niedernsill ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Mattsee
Mattsee ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Pfarrwerfen
Pfarrwerfen ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Organyà
Organyà ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Ribera d'Ondara
Ribera d'Ondara ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Os de Balaguer
Os de Balaguer ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Mexico
Mexico pakuchema chose United Mexican States, ntchalo icho chili ku mmwera kwa chigawa cha Amelika wa Kumpoto (North America).Chilikupangana malile na chalo cha United States ku mpoto,ku mmwera na ku manjililo gha dazi na nyanja ya Pacific Ocean; ku mmwera kwa mafumilo gha dazi gha chalo cha Guatemala, Belize, na Nyanja ya  Caribbean; na ku mafumilo gha dazi na  Gulf la Mexico.Mexico ukulu wake ni  1,972,550 square kilometers (761,610 sq mi),uyo waliso pa mndandanda wa nambala 13 pa vyalo vikulu vikulu za mu ukulu malo.
Neumarkt am Wallersee
Neumarkt am Wallersee ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Mexico
Chiwerengelo cha wanthu mu chalo cha Mexico chili pafupifupi 126,014,024 .Chalo cha Mexico chili pa nambala 10 pa vyalo ivo vina chiwerengelo chikulu cha wanthu kweneso icho china wanthu wanandi awo wakuyowoya chiyowoyelo cha Spanish.
Lend, Austria
Lend, Austria ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Oberalm
Oberalm ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Penelles
Penelles ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Mexico
Ma tauni ghakulu ghakulu kweneso ghakutchuka mu chalo cha Mexico ni agha : Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla, Toluca, Tijuana, Ciudad Juárez, and León.
Oberndorf bei Salzburg
Oberndorf bei Salzburg ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Preixana
Preixana ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Rauris
Rauris ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Preixens
Preixens ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Obertrum
Obertrum ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Maria Alm
Maria Alm ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Pinell de Solsonès
Pinell de Solsonès ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Peramola
Peramola ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Nußdorf am Haunsberg
Nußdorf am Haunsberg ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Neukirchen am Großvenediger
Neukirchen am Großvenediger ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Olius
Olius ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Ramingstein
Ramingstein ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Rußbach am Paß Gschütt
Rußbach am Paß Gschütt ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Prats i Sansor
Prats i Sansor ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Sudanell
Sudanell ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Sant Esteve de la Sarga
Sant Esteve de la Sarga ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Mollerussa
Mollerussa ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Mühlbach am Hochkönig
Mühlbach am Hochkönig ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Puch bei Hallein
Puch bei Hallein ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Salzburg
Salzburg ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Plainfeld
Plainfeld ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
St Johann im Pongau
St Johann im Pongau ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Soses
Soses ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Saalfelden
Saalfelden ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Sant Guim de Freixenet
Sant Guim de Freixenet ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Prullans
Prullans ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Radstadt
Radstadt ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Piesendorf
Piesendorf ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Sunyer, Lleida
Sunyer, Lleida ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Talarn
Talarn ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Solsona, Lleida
Solsona, Lleida ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Tiurana
Tiurana ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
St. Gilgen
St. Gilgen ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Torrebesses
Torrebesses ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Saalbach-Hinterglemm
Saalbach-Hinterglemm ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Sankt Martin am Tennengebirge
Sankt Martin am Tennengebirge ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Sort, Lleida
Sort, Lleida ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Seeham
Seeham ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Sankt Veit im Pongau
Sankt Veit im Pongau ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Torà
Torà ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Torrelameu
Torrelameu ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Taxenbach
Taxenbach ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Torres de Segre
Torres de Segre ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Stuhlfelden
Stuhlfelden ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Scheffau am Tennengebirge
Scheffau am Tennengebirge ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Sankt Georgen bei Salzburg
Sankt Georgen bei Salzburg ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Straßwalchen
Straßwalchen ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Thalgau
Thalgau ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Tornabous
Tornabous ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Torrefeta i Florejacs
Torrefeta i Florejacs ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Schwarzach im Pongau
Schwarzach im Pongau ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Tweng
Tweng ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Sankt Koloman
Sankt Koloman ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Torregrossa
Torregrossa ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Tàrrega
Tàrrega ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Sankt Michael im Lungau
Sankt Michael im Lungau ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Térmens
Térmens ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Torre-serona
Torre-serona ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Tarrés
Tarrés ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Sankt Margarethen im Lungau
Sankt Margarethen im Lungau ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Sankt Martin bei Lofer
Sankt Martin bei Lofer ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Sarroca de Bellera
Sarroca de Bellera ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Levy Mwanawasa
Levy Patrick Mwanawasa (3 Sekutembala 1948 - 19 Ogasiti 2008) wakaŵa purezidenti wachitatu wa Zambia. Wakaŵa pulezidenti kwamba mu Janyuwale 2002 m'paka apo wakafwira mu Ogasiti 2008. Mwanawasa wakuwoneka kuti ndiyo wakambiska kampeni yakuwuskamo vimbundi mu Zambia mu nyengo iyo wakaŵa na mazaza. Pambere Mwanawasa wandasankhike, wakaŵa wachiŵiri kwa purezidenti wa Zambia kufuma mu Novembala 1991 mpaka Julayi 1994, apo wakaŵa wa Nyumba ya Malamulo wa Chifubu Constituency.
Umoyo Wakwambilira
Mwanawasa wakababikira ku Mufulira, Northern Rhodesia. Wakaŵa na digiri ya vya malango pa Yunivesite ya Zambia. Wakagwiranga nchito mu maofesi gha malango kufuma mu 1974 mpaka mu 1978 apo wakapangiska kampani yake: Mwanawasa & Company. Mu 1985, Mwanawasa wakaŵa loya mu boma la Zambia kweni wakawelera ku private practice mu 1986.
Mu 1989, wakalongozga gulu lakuvikilira Lt. Gen. Christon Tembo, uyo boma la Kenneth Kaunda likamupa mulandu wakuti wakakhumbanga kuwuskapo boma, ndipo wakeruzgika kuti ni munthu wakwendera mphiska. Frederick Chiluba wakati wasankhika kuŵa pulezidenti, wakasankha Mwanawasa kuŵa wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti mu Novembala 1991. Mwanawasa wakaleka nchito yake mu Malici 1992.
Ngozi
Pa Disembala 8, 1991, Mwanawasa wakachita ngozi yikuru ya pa msewu iyo yikakoma movwiri wake. Wakaŵa na vilonda vinandi ndipo wakatolekera ku Johannesburg, South Africa kuti wakapike munkhwala. Wakakhala mu cipatala myezi yitatu. Chifukwa cha ngozi iyi, wakayowoya makora yayi. Pakaŵaso komiti yakudandawura kuti yamanye uyo wakakhumbanga kukoma munthu uyu.
Ndyali
Mwanawasa wakaŵa wachiŵiri kwa purezidenti mpaka apo wakafumako mu Julayi 1994. Mu 1996, wakawina mpikisano wa Chiluba kuti waŵe pulezidenti wa Movement for Multiparty Democracy. Mwanawasa wakati watondeka, wakafumapo mu ndyali m'paka apo wakasankhikira mu chaka cha 2001.
Chisankho cha 2001
Mu Ogasiti 2001, Komiti ya National Executive ya MMD yikasankha Mwanawasa kuŵa mulongozgi wawo pa mavoti gha 2001. Wakathereska pa mavoti agho ghakachitika pa 27 Disembala, 2001, na 29% chifukwa cha mavoti gha Zambia agho ghakaŵa ghakudumura, ndipo wakathereska banthu ŵanyake 10 kusazgapo ŵaŵiri awo ŵakaŵa vice president (Godfrey Miyanda na Gen. Christon Tembo); Anderson Mazoka wali pa chigaŵa chachiŵiri na 27%, kuyana na ma results gha boma. Mwanawasa wakamba kuwusa pa 2 January 2002. Ndipouli, ivyo vikacitika pa mavoti vikaŵa vyakukayikiska na magulu ghakurughakuru gha ŵakususka, kusazgapo chipani ca Mazoka cha United Party for National Development, ico ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuwona vinthu ŵakuyowoya kuti cikathereska nadi mavoti. Ŵalinda ŵa pa caru cose na ŵa ku vyaru vinyake ŵakayowoya kuti pakaŵa vinthu vyambura kwenelera ivyo vikacitika pa kampeni na pa mavoti, kusazgapo kunanga mavoti, kulembeska mavoti mwambura kwenelera, kuŵika nkhani zautesi mu manyuzipepara, kweniso kuti MMD yikagwiliskira nchito uheni ndalama za boma. Mu Janyuwale 2002, ŵanthu ŵatatu ŵakususka boma ŵakachita apilu ku Khoti Likuru Chomene kuti Mwanawasa wathereskeke. Nangauli khoti likakolerana na fundo yakuti mavoti ghakaŵa ghakubudika, kweni mu Febuluwale 2005, likadumura kuti vinthu ivi vikakhwaska yayi ivyo vikachitika.
Nyengo yakwamba kuŵa pulezidenti
Mu February 2002, boma la Mwanawasa likapeleka mulandu wa kusesa zina la mulembi wa Zambia Post, Fred M'membe na mphala ya malango ya chipani chakususka Dipak Patel chifukwa cha nkhani iyo M'membe wakalemba apo Patel wakachemanga Mwanawasa kuti ni "kavuchi".
Ndipouli, Mwanawasa wakalongosora kuti wakayezga kukhozga "kuphemana kwa fuko", Mwanawasa wakasora ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakususka boma mu ofesi yake mu Febuluwale 2003, kusazgapo Patel wa FDD kuŵa Minisita wa vya Malonda, Malonda, na Makampani, na Sylvia Masebo wa ZRP kuŵa Minisita wa Boma. Ndipouli, Godfrey Miyanda, uyo nayo wakaŵa wa chipani chakususka, wakasuska ndipo wakawofya kuti wamususka.
Mu Janyuwale 2005, Mwanawasa wakaphepiska ku chalo chifukwa cha kutondeka kumazga ukavu mu Zambia. Pafupifupi ŵanthu 75 pa ŵanthu 100 ŵaliwose mu charu ichi ŵakakhalanga na ndalama zakukwana dola limoza pa zuŵa.
Wakasankhika kuŵa pulezidenti wa MMD kwa nyengo ya vilimika vinkhondi mu 2005.
Chisankho cha 2006
Mwanawasa wakajipeleka ku mavoti ghaciŵiri mu mavoti gha purezidenti agho ghakacitika pa 28 September 2006. Michael Sata wa ku Patriotic Front ndiyo wakawonekanga kuti ni mulwani wake mukuru. Wakasoleka pa 2 Okutobala; mwakuyana na mavoti gha boma, wakapokera mavoti 42.98%. Wakapika mazaza ghanyake pa Okutobala 3. Pakati pajumpha mazuŵa ghachoko waka, wakasora nduna ziphya na kwimika Rupiah Banda kuŵa wachiŵiri wa pulezidenti.
Ndondomeko
Awo ŵakuguliska ndalama ku vyaru vinyake ŵakamutemwanga Mwanawasa, chifukwa cha kulimbana na vimbundi. Pa nyengo iyo wakaŵa pulezidenti, Zambia yikapokera ndalama kufuma ku vyaru vinyake. Cinthu cikuru ico cikapangiska kuti vinthu vyakuthupi vyambe kwenda makora cikaŵa migodi. Ndondomeko ya Mwanawasa yikawovwira kuchepeska unandi wa ndalama na kovwira ŵakavu. Ŵalendo na ŵalimi ŵazungu ŵakafumako ku Zimbabwe na kovwira ndyali ya Zambia. Mwanawasa wakazgora tawuni ya Livingstone, kufupi na Victoria Falls, kuŵa malo ghakwendakwenda. Zambia yikapokera wovwiri unandi comene na kucepeskako ngongoli cifukwa ca kusintha vinthu na "nkhongono za Mwanawasa". Pafupifupi, ciŵelengero ca cuma cikakura kufika pa 6% pa caka.
Mwanawasa wakasuska pulezidenti Robert Mugabe wa Zimbabwe. Mwanawasa wakaŵa yumoza wa ŵalongozgi ŵakwamba ŵa mu Africa kucita nthena. Mwanawasa wakati wafwa, mulongozgi wa chipani cha Zimbabwe Morgan Tsvangirai wakaŵa yumoza wa ŵanthu ŵakwamba kulongora chitima.
Mwanawasa wakaguliska Konkola Copper Mines ku Vedanta pa mtengo wa madola 25 miliyoni nangauli pakwamba ŵakamupempha madola 400 miliyoni. Ndalama izo kampani iyi yikasanga mu myezi yitatu yikakwana $25 miliyoni. Pamanyuma yikasanga phindu la $500 miliyoni pa chaka nangauli yikafipiska malo.
Mwanawasa wakaŵa wakunozgeka kupokelera ŵanthu ŵakufuma ku Kiribati awo ŵakwiza ku Zambia chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo, ndipo wakaphalira Anote Tong kuti caru ici cili na "malo ghanandi" kweni palije umoza uwo wafiskika.
Umoyo
Mu Epulero 2006, Mwanawasa wakasuzgika na sitiroku.
Pa 29 Juni 2008, apo wakaŵa ku Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, ku ungano wa African Union, Mwanawasa wakagonekeka mu chipatala chifukwa cha sitiroko yachiŵiri. Pa Julayi 1, wupu wa International SOS ukamutolera ku France kuti wakatozgeke. Mulara wa chipatala cha ku Eguputo uko Mwanawasa wakatolekera, wakati ŵadokotala ŵakamuleka yayi kuthiska ndopa mu wongo. Wachiŵiri kwa purezidenti Banda wakayowoya kuti umoyo wake uli makora, ndipo nduna ya vya makani Mike Mulongoti yikati Mwanawasa wakaŵa na nthenda ya kuthukira kwa ndopa. Mulongoti wakayowoyaso kuti Mwanawasa wakaŵa "munthu wakulimbikira ntchito" ndipo wakati ici cingaŵa cifukwa.
Chifukwa chakuti Mwanawasa wakaŵa wambura nkhongono, Banda wakazgoka pulezidenti wakwendakwenda.
Malipoti gha nyifwa
Pa 3 July 2008 nyuzipepala yikamba kulemba kuti Mwanawasa wakafwira mu chipatala ku Paris chifukwa cha sitiroko. Nkhani iyi yikamba pa 702 Talk Radio ya ku Johannesburg, iyo yikayowoya vya Malone Zaza, uyo wakati ndiyo wakwendeska ndondomeko pa ofesi ya Zambia ku Pretoria, South Africa. Kweni komiti iyi yikakana kuti pali munthu munyake uyo wali na zina ili. Mulongoti, uyo wakuyowoya m'malo mwa boma, wakati nkhani ya nyifwa ya Mwanawasa "ni yautesi", ndipo wakaciska ŵapharazgi ŵa ku South Africa kuti ŵaŵe ŵakujikora pakulemba nkhani zawo. Apo nkhani izi zikapharazgikanga, Pulezidenti wa South Africa, Thabo Mbeki, wakachema kuti Mwanawasa wakumbukirike kwa nyengo yitali.
Umo Ŵakagwilira Ntchito ku France
Benny Tetamashimba, mulongozgi wa MMD wa Information and Publicity, wakayowoya kuti MMD "yikwenela kwamba kupenja munthu wakunjira mu malo mwa Mwanawasa pakuŵa mulongozgi wa MMD". Mulongoti wakayowoya pa wayilesi ya boma pa Julayi 14, wakati fundo ya Tetamashimba yikukolerana yayi na maghanoghano gha boma. Mtsogoleri wa United Party for National Development Hakainde Hichilema adati kulephera kwa Mwanawasa kwalemaza ntchito za boma. Pa 15 July, mulongozgi wa Patriotic Front, Michael Sata wakadandawura na ivyo boma likayowoya vyakukhwaskana na umoyo wa Mwanawasa, ndipo wakapempha kuti boma litume ŵadokotala kuti ŵakamuwone Mwanawasa. Pa Julayi 17, MMD yikapharazga kuti Tetamashimba wangakaŵa na chilango, kusazgapo kuti wangasezgeka mu chipani. Tetamashimba wakati ŵanthu ŵakamupulikiska yayi. Wakayowoyaso kuti umoyo wa Mwanawasa ukwenda makora ndipo "wakuzomera kupokera munkhwala", kweni wakati boma likugwira makora ntchito ndipo wakususka ivyo boma likuyowoya kuti ŵadokotala ŵapeleke lipoti la umoyo wa Mwanawasa.
Banda wakapeleka uthenga unyake wakukhwaskana na umo Mwanawasa waliri pa Julayi 24, ndipo wakati "wakulutilira makora". Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakagomezga yayi ivyo Banda wakayowoya. Nduna ya zaumoyo Brian Chituwo, pakuyowoya panthazi pa National Assembly pa 8 August, yikati Mwanawasa "kuchizgika kwake kuzamuŵa kwa nyengo yitali" chifukwa cha "nthenda yake yikuru".
Kufwa
Wachiŵiri kwa purezidenti Banda wakayowoya pa Ogasiti 18 kuti umoyo wa Mwanawasa ukahenipa mwamabuci ndipo wakakhumbikwiranga munkhwala mwaluŵiro. Kuyana na ivyo Banda wakayowoya, wovwiri uwu ukaŵa wakovwira, kweni Mwanawasa wakaŵa mu suzgo yikuru. Pa Ogasiti 19, munthu munyake wa mu mbumba ya Mwanawasa uyo wakakhumba yayi kuzunulika zina lake, wakati Mwanawasa wakafwa mulenji wenewura. Nkhani ya nyifwa ya Mwanawasa yikakhozgeka na Banda kwizira mu wayilesi ya Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC). Iyo wakaphalira mtundu kuti Mwanawasa wakafwa mulenji wenewura pa 10:30 (8:30 GMT) ku Percy Military Hospital ku Paris. Pakulongosora "chitima chikuru na chitima chikuru", Banda wakapharazga kuti ŵanthu ŵa mu Zambia ŵaŵe na citengero kwa mazuŵa ghankhondi na ghaŵiri ndipo wakaŵachiska kuti "ŵalutilire kuŵa ŵakufwasa na kulira pulezidenti withu mwantchindi". Pa Ogasiti 21, nyengo ya kulira maliro yikatora mazuŵa 21. Wakaŵa pulezidenti wakwamba wa Zambia kufwa uku wali pa udindo wake.
Umo munthu wakujipulikira para wafwa
Michael Sata wa Patriotic Front wakayowoya kuti nyifwa ya Mwanawasa ni "masoka gha chalo", ndipo wakachiska ŵanthu ŵa ku Zambia kuti ŵakhale chete. Nyuzipepara yinyake ya boma yakucemeka Zambia Daily Mail yikati nyifwa yake ni "zuŵa la mdima comene ku Zambia". Apo caru cikaŵa mu citima, ndipo ndembera zikaŵa pasi, ungano wa National Assembly uwo ukaŵa mukati ukayimiskika; ŵadokotala ŵakamba kunjira mu ciyezgo, maseŵero gha maseŵero ghakaŵikika, ndipo viphikiro vyose vya ŵanthu, nthengwa na viphikiro vya mazuŵa ghakubabikira, vikaŵikika. Mu nyumba za ŵanthu ŵa ku Zambia na mu mabara mukaŵavya sumu za cimwemwe. Nyengo yikati yajumphapo, nyuzipepara na manyuzipepara vikawona kuti ŵanthu ŵakutemwa pulezidenti wawo. Pulezidenti wakale Kenneth Kaunda wakawonga Mwanawasa, wakati wakaŵa "muteŵeti waunenesko wa ŵanthu awo ŵakateŵetera caru ici na nchindi. Wakalondezganga dango na kulimbana na vimbundi. ...Tasoŵa mulongozgi muwemi uyo wakaŵa na maghanoghano ghakwenelera pa nkhani ya ulongozgi na masuzgo agho caru cikukumana nagho".
Panyifwa
Mulara wa boma Banda wakapharazga ndondomeko ya nyifwa ya Mwanawasa pa 21 August. Kuyana na pulogiramu iyi, para thupi la Mwanawasa lawelera ku Zambia, lizamugona ku Mulungushi International Conference Centre ku Lusaka, msumba ukuru. Kufuma apo, pa Ogasiti 25 m'paka 29, wupu uwu uzamuluta ku vigaŵa vyakupambanapambana. Ŵakamusunga pa zuŵa ilo wakababikira. Mwanawasa wakeneranga kufiska vyaka 60 pa zuŵa ili.
Thupi la Mwanawasa likafika ku Lusaka kufuma ku France pa ndege ya nkhondo ya France pa 23 August. Ŵakapokelereka na ntchindi zikuru comene; Banda na Kaunda ŵakaŵapo pa ciphikiro ici, ndipo ŵakawuska futi 21 na ndege za nkhondo. Kufuma apo, ŵakaluta nalo ku misumba yikuru yose ya ku Zambia, uko ŵanthu ŵakakumbuka nyifwa yake. Ŵalongozgi ŵa chipani icho chikulongozga na awo ŵakususka boma, pamoza na mbumba yakwamba, ŵakaluta nayo.
Unternberg
Unternberg ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Levy Mwanawasa
Panyifwa
Mwambo wa kusungika kwa Mwanawasa ukachitika pa 3 Seputembala ku Embassy Park pafupi na ofesi ya nduna ya Zambia. Pa nyifwa iyi pakaŵa ŵalongozgi ŵa vyaru 14 vya mu Africa, kusazgapo Mbeki, Robert Mugabe wa ku Zimbabwe, na Jakaya Kikwete wa ku Tanzania. Pa nyifwa ya mfumu wake, Maureen Mwanawasa wakayowoya kuti: "Mukafwa pa nchito. Mukafwa na citima cifukwa cakuti palije uyo wakazirwiska sembe zinu. Usange muŵengepo, mphanyi mukakondwa chomene".
Umoyo wa munthu
Mwanawasa wakatora Maureen Mwanawasa pa 7 May 1987, ndipo ŵakakhalira lumoza mpaka nyifwa yake. Wakaŵa na ŵana 7: Miriam, Patrick, Lorna, Chipokota Mwanawasa, Matolo, Lubona na Ntembe. Miriam na Patrick ŵakaŵa ŵa mu nthengwa yakwamba. Muwoli wake wakaŵa Kaboni wa Yehova, kweni pamanyuma wakafumiskika mu mpingo cifukwa ca kunjilirapo comene mu ndyali. Ŵakaboni ŵa Yehova ŵakukana kunjilirapo pa ndyali.
ChiCheŵa
ChiCheŵa (panjiso kuti Chinyanja) chiyowoyero cha Bantu icho chikuyowoyeka mu Malaŵi na chiyowoyero cha ŵanthu ŵachoko waka mu Zambia na Mozambique. Chilembo chakwamba chi- chikugwiliskirika ntchito pa viyowoyero, ntheura chiyowoyero ichi chikuchemeka Chichewa na Chinyanja. Mu 1968, pulezidenti Hastings Kamuzu Banda (uyo nayo wakaŵa wa mtundu wa Chewa) wakakhumbanga kuti mu Malaŵi, zina la Chichewa lisinthe kufuma ku Chinyanja. Mu Zambia, chiyowoyero ichi chikuchemeka Nyanja panji Cinyanja/Chinyanja'((chilankhulo) cha nyanja' (kuyowoya za Nyanja ya Malawi).
Levy Mwanawasa
Umoyo wa munthu
Mu Seputembala 2007, Mwanawasa wakaluta ku Arkansas ku United States kukayowoya nkhani ku Harding University ku Searcy ndipo wakapokera digiri ya udokotala ku koleji. Apo wakaŵa ku Arkansas, wakayowoya na ŵana ŵa sukulu na ŵapharazgi pa University of Arkansas Clinton School of Public Service pa nkhani ya umoyo wa ŵanthu, vyachuma na vya ndyali mu Zambia na chigaŵa ichi.
Unken
Unken ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
ChiCheŵa
Chichewa chili mu gulu limoza la viyowoyero (Guthrie Zone N) na chiTumbuka, Sena na Nsenga.
Mbiri
Zina lakuti "Chewa" (mu chiyowoyero cha Chévas) likalembeka kakwamba na António Gamitto, uyo mu 1831, apo wakaŵa na vyaka 26, wakasankhika kuŵa wachiŵiri kwa mulara wa gulu la ŵanthu awo ŵakaluta ku nkhondo kufuma ku Tete kuluta ku nyumba ya themba Kazembe ku Zambia. Wakenda mu caru ca Themba Undi kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa mapiri gha Dzalanyama, kujumpha mu malo agho sono ni Malawi na kunjira mu Zambia. Pamanyuma, wakalemba nkhani yinyake iyo yikaŵa na nkhani za ŵanthu na viyowoyero. Gamitto wakati ŵanthu ŵa ku Malawi panji Maravi (Maraves) ŵakaŵa ŵanthu awo ŵakalongozgekanga na Themba Undi kumwera kwa mlonga wa Chambwe (pafupi na mphaka ya pakati pa Mozambique na Zambia).
Mulendo munyake wa ku Germany zina lake Sigismund Koelle, uyo wakacitanga mulimo wake mu Sierra Leone, ku West Africa, wakafumba ŵanthu 160 awo ŵakaŵa ŵazga ndipo wakalemba mazgu gha mu viyowoyero vyawo. Mu 1854, wakalemba buku la Polyglotta Africana. Pakati pa ŵazga ŵanyake pakaŵa Mateke, uyo wakayowoyanga chiyowoyero icho wakuchichema kuti "Maravi". Chiyowoyero cha Mateke ntchiyowoyero chakwambilira cha Chiyanja, kweni chikuyowoyeka kumwera. Mwaciyerezgero, mazgu ghakuti zaka ziwiri "vyaka viŵiri" ghakaŵa dzaka dziŵiri mu kayowoyero ka Mateke, apo kwa Salimini, uyo wakaŵa muphaci wa Johannes Rebmann, uyo wakafuma ku Lilongwe, ghakaŵa bzaka bziŵiri. Mazuŵa ghano napo mazgu agha ghakusangika mu chiyowoyero chinyake.
Sant Martí de Riucorb
Sant Martí de Riucorb ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
ChiCheŵa
Mbiri
Chiyowoyero chinyake chakwambilira icho ŵanthu ŵakayowoyanga chikaŵa chiyowoyero cha Kasungu. Buku ili ndilo likaŵa lakwamba kulembeka na munthu wa ku America, ndipo likalembeka pamoza na Hastings Kamuzu Banda, uyo wakaŵa mulongozgi wakwamba wa charu cha Malawi. Ciyowoyero ici nchakuzirwa comene cifukwa ndico cikaŵa cakwamba kulongora umo mazgu ghakupambanirana. Mabuku gha mazuŵa ghano ghakulongosora umo chichewa chikugwilira ntchito nga ni Mtenje (1986), Kanerva (1990), Mchombo (2004) na Downing & Mtenje (2017).
Mu vyaka vyasonosono apa, chiyowoyero ichi chasintha chomene, ndipo chiyowoyero cha Chichewa icho ŵanthu ŵakuyowoya mu mizi na chiyowoyero cha ŵanthu awo ŵakukhala mu matawuni vikupambana.
Ma vawelo
Chichewa chili na mazgu ghankhondi: a, ɛ, i, ɔ, u. Nyengo zinyake tikuwona mavowel ghatali panji ghaŵiri, nga ni áákúlu 'likuru' (class 2), kufúula 'kuchemerezga.' Para lizgu lafika kuumaliro wa sentesi, lizgu lakwamba lakwamba likuŵa litali, kupaturako mazina na mazgu gha Cchewa yayi, nga ni Muthárika panji ófesi, apo lizgu lakwamba lakwamba likuŵa lifupi. Mazgu ghakuti "u" panji "i" agho ghazunulika mu mazgu nga ni láputopu 'laptop' panji íntaneti 'internet' ghakuŵa ghambura kuzunulika.
Consonants
Vilembo vya Chewa vingaŵa vyakupambanapambana (pakuti vikwendera pamanyuma pa vowel), labialised (pakuti vikwendera pamanyuma pa w), panji palatalised (pakuti vikwendera pamanyuma pa y):
Mu chiyowoyero ichi, pa malo gha bya pakaŵa bza, pa malo gha gya pakaŵa ja, ndipo pa sya pakaŵa sha.
Nthowa yinyake iyo tikuyowoyera mazgu agha njakuti:
Para munthu wakuyowoya mazgu ghakupambanapambana, mazgu agha ghakung'anamulika kuti [f] na [s].
Ntheura, mazgu agho ghangaŵa pa tabuleti ghangaŵa nga ni agha: Kulemba uko ŵakugwiliskira nchito apa nkhwa mu 1973 ndipo ndiko ŵakugwiliskira nchito comene mu Malaŵi mazuŵa ghano.
Notes on the consonants
Sant Ramon
Sant Ramon ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
ChiCheŵa
Kapulikikilo
Nga umo viliri na viyowoyero vinyake vinandi vya ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Bantu, chiyowoyero cha Chichewa nacho chili na mazgu ghakupambanapambana. Mu chiyowoyero ichi, mazgu ghakugwiliskira nchito nthowa zakupambanapambana. Cakwamba, lizgu lililose lili na mazgu ghake.
Kanandi lizgu likuŵa na lizgu limoza pera la mazgu ghapachanya (kanandi pa lizgu limoza pa mazina ghatatu ghaumaliro), panji palije lizgu nanga ndimoza. Ndipouli, mazgu ghakupambanapambana ghangaŵa na mazgu ghakupambanapambana, nga ni:
Cinthu caciŵiri cakuzirwa ico mazgu agha ghakung'anamura ni lizgu lakuyowoya. Nyengo yiliyose ya lizgu ili yili na mazgu ghake. Mwaciyelezgero, lizgu lakuti sono (present habitual) lili na mazgu ghapachanya pa lizgu lakwamba na laumaliro, apo lizgu linyake lili na mazgu ghachoko.
Kweni mazgu ghakuti recent past continuous na present continuous, ghakuŵa na mazgu gha pa syllable yacitatu:
Kweniso mazgu ghangavumbura usange lizgu likugwira ntchito mu chigaŵa chikuru panji mu chigaŵa chakulondezgapo.
Ma kilasi gha Mazina
Vizunuli vya Chichewa vili kugaŵika mu vigaŵa vinandi, ndipo ŵanthu ŵa ku Malawi ŵakuvizunura kuti "Mu-A-", kweni ŵanthu ŵa ku Bantu ŵakuvizunura kuti "1/2". Kanandi mazgu agha ghakupangika mu vigaŵa viŵiri. Ndipouli, mazgu ghakupambanapambana nagho ghangaŵapo, comenecomene na mazgu agho ŵali kuwombora. Mwaciyelezgero, lizgu lakuti bánki 'banki,' ilo likung'anamura mazgu ghakupambanapambana gha kilasi 9, lili na mabánki (kalasi 6).
Para tikupeleka mazina ku chigaŵa chinyake, pakwamba tikugwiliskira ntchito chigaŵa chakwamba. Para palije lizgu lakwamba, panji para lizgu lakwamba ndakubudika, mazgu agho ghali mu lizgu lakwamba (onani pasi apa) ghakovwira kuti munthu wamanye zina la lizgu. Mwaciyelezgero, mazgu ghakuti katúndu 'vinthu' ghali mu gulu la 1, cifukwa ghali na lizgu lakuti uyu 'ici.'
Sarroca de Lleida
Sarroca de Lleida ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Lleida mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
ChiCheŵa
Ma kilasi gha Mazina
Zina mwa mazina agha ghali mu gulu limoza pera, nga ni tomáto 'tomato(es)'(class 1), mowa 'beer' (class 3), malayá'shirt(s)'(class 6), udzudzú'mosquito(es)'(class 14), ndipo ghakusintha yayi pakati pa umoza na unandi. Nangauli vili nthena, kweni mazgu agha ghangaŵapo: tomáto muwíri 'thomato ziŵiri', mowa uwíri 'biyere ziŵiri', malayá amódzi'shati limoza', udzudzú umódzi 'nyerere yimoza.'
Chigaŵa cha 11 (Lu-) chilipo yayi mu Chichewa. Mazgu nga ni lumo 'nkhwazi' na lusó 'nkhongono' ghakuwoneka kuti ghali mu gulu la 5/6 (Li-Ma-) ndipo ghakukolerana na gulu ili.
(1a/2): galú pl. agalú 'dog'. Class 1a refers to nouns which have no m- prefix. The plural a- is used only for humans and animals. It can also be used for respect, e.g. aphunzitsi áthu 'our teacher' (1a/6): kíyi pl. makíyi 'key'; gúle pl. magúle 'dance' (1a): tomáto 'tomato(es)'; katúndu 'luggage, furniture'; feteréza 'fertilizer' (no pl.) (3): mowa 'beer'; móto 'fire'; bowa 'mushroom(s)' (no pl.) Often the first consonant is softened or omitted in the plural in this class. (6): madzí 'water', mankhwála 'medicine', maló 'place' (no sg.) (7): chímanga 'maize'; chikóndi 'love' (no pl.) (10): ndevu 'beard'; ndíwo 'relish'; nzerú 'intelligence' (no sg.) (9/6): bánki pl. mabánki 'bank' (12): kasamalidwe 'method of taking care'; kavinidwe 'way of dancing' (no pl.) (13): tuló 'sleep' (no sg.) (14/6): utá pl. mautá 'bow'
Infinitive class:
Locative classes:
Untertauern
Untertauern ni msumba mu boma la Salzburg mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
ChiCheŵa
Concords
Nyengo zinandi pakuyowoya za ŵalara, ŵakuyowoya za gulu laciŵiri. Kuyana na Corbett na Mtenje, lizgu lakuti bambo 'baba,' nangauli ndakuyana waka na lizgu linyake, kweni likuyana waka na lizgu linyake.
Vilembo vyakupambanapambana ivi vili pa tabuleti iyi:
Examples of the use of concords
Mu viyelezgero ivyo vili pasi apa, mazgu gha viyowoyero ivi ghakulongosoreka na mazina gha viyowoyero vya mu kilasi 1 na 2.
Demonstratives 'this' and 'that'
Kanandi ŵanthu ŵakugwiliskira ntchito vilembo ivi.
Pronominal yé, (w)ó etc.
Para mazgu agha ghalembeka pambere mazgu ghanyake ghandalembeke, panji para ghalembeka pambere mazgu ghanyake ghandambe kulembeka, ghakuŵa nga ni mazgu ghakuti "iyo" na "iwo".
Pa visambizgo vinyake padera pa visambizgo 1 na 2, mazgu ghakulongosora ghakugwiliskirika nchito m'malo mwa zina la munthu, nga ni ichi panji icho. Kweni pali viyowoyero vinyake ivyo vili na lizgu lakuti ná- na ndi- nga ni nácho na ndichó.
yénse, yékha, yémwe
Viyelezgelo vitatu vya zina lakuti yénse 'wose', yékha 'yekha', yémwe 'iyo mweneyuyo' (panji 'uyo') vili na viyelezgelo vyakuyana waka vyakuti yé- na (w) ó-, pa nyengo iyi ni viyelezgelo:
Mu magulu ghaŵiri na ghankhondi na limoza, ó- kanandi yikuzgoka wó- (nga ni wónse kwa ónse na vinyake).
Lizgu lakuti álíyensé 'wose' lili kufuma ku lizgu lakuti áli 'uyo waliko' na lakuti yénse 'wose.' Vigaŵa vyose viŵiri vya lizgu ili vili na mazgu ghakuyana:
Subject prefix
Nyengo yakufikapo (wapita 'wakaluta', apita 'ŵaluta') yili na vigaŵa vyakupambana na nyengo zinyake (wonani pasi apa).
améne 'who'
Lizgu lakuti améne 'uyo' na lizgu lakuti demonstrative améneyo ghakugwiliskira ntchito mazgu ghakuyana waka nga ni verebu:
Object prefix
Mu Chichewa, ntchakukhumbikwa yayi kugwiliskira ntchito chigaŵa chakwamba. Para lizgu ili lalembeka, likuŵa panthazi pa lizgu la chiyowoyero, ndipo likuyana na lizgu ilo likuyowoyeka:
The same prefix with verbs with the applicative suffix -ira represents the indirect object, e.g. ndamúlembera 'I have written to him'.
Numeral concords
Numeral concords are used with numbers -módzi 'one', -wíri 'two', -tátu 'three', -náyi 'four', -sanu 'five', and the words -ngáti? 'how many', -ngápo 'several':
Nambara ya khúmi 'kumi' yikukolerana yayi.
Demonstratives uja and uno
Viyezgo vya kujilongora vya uja 'uyo mukumumanya' na uno 'uyo tili mu' vikuyana waka na viyezgo vya u- na a- mu kilasi 1 na 2. Pa vifukwa vinyake, cigaŵa ca 1 uno nchacilendo:
Perfect tense subject prefix
Mazgu gheneagha w- (ghakufuma ku u-) na a-, pamoza na vowel a, ghakupangiska kuti chiŵiya icho chikwimira chiŵiya chinyake chiŵe mu nyengo yakufikapo. Mu lizgu la unandi, vilembo viŵiri ivi vikusazgikana na kuzgoka lizgu limoza:
Possessive concord
The concords w- (derived from u-) and a- are also found in the word á 'of':
The same concords are used in possessive adjectives -ánga 'my', -áko 'your', -áke 'his/her/its/their', -áthu 'our', -ánu 'your (plural or respectful singular), -áwo 'their'/'his/her' (respectful):
-áwo 'their' is used only of people (-áke is used for things).
Wá 'of' can be combined with nouns or adverbs to make adjectives:
In the same way wá 'of' combines with the ku- of the infinitive to make verbal adjectives. Wá + ku- usually shortens to wó-, except where the verb root is monosyllabic:
-ína 'other' and -ení-éní 'real'
The same w- and a- concords are found with the words -ína 'other' and -ení-éní 'real'. In combination with these words the plural concord a- is converted to e-:
Double-prefix adjectives
Certain adjectives (-kúlu 'big', -ng'óno 'small'; -(a)múna 'male', -kázi 'female'; -táli 'long', 'tall', -fúpi 'short'; -wisi 'fresh') have a double prefix, combining the possessive concord (wá-) and the number concord (m- or mw-):
Historic changes
Early dictionaries, such as those of Rebmann, and of Scott and Hetherwick, show that formerly the number of concords was greater. The following changes have taken place:
In addition, classes 4 and 9, and classes 15 and 17 have identical concords, so the total number of concord sets (singular and plural) is now twelve.
Formation of tenses
Mu Chichewa, mazgu gha nyengo ghakupambana mu nthowa ziŵiri. Nyengo zinyake mazgu ghaŵiri ghakuyana waka ndipo ghakupambana waka na mazgu ghanyake. Mu viyelezgero vyakulondezgapo, chikhwangwani cha nyengo chili pasi:
One tense has no tense-marker:
Para munthu wakuyowoya mazgu gha nyengo, wangasazgirako mazgu ghanyake agho ghakumanyikwa na zina lakuti 'aspect-markers.' Ni -má- 'nyengozose, kanandi' -ká- 'kwenda na', -dzá 'kwiza na' panji 'kunthazi,' na -ngo- 'yekha,' 'pamoza pera.' Viŵikilo ivi vingagwiliskikaso nchito pavyekha, nga ni vilembo vya nyengo (yaniskani -ma- na -dza- mu ndondomeko ya nyengo iyo yili pacanya apa). Mwaciyelezgero:
Compound tenses, such as the following, are also found in Chichewa:
Subject-marker
Viyezgo vya Chichewa (kupaturako mazgu ghakuchiska na mazgu ghambura kumara) vikwamba na lizgu ilo likuyana na lizgu ilo likuyowoyeka. Ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakumanya maluso gha vilembo ŵakuchema chilembo ichi kuti'subject-marker'.
The subject-marker can be:
An example of a locative subject-marker is:
Both the 2nd and the 3rd person plural pronouns and subject-markers are used respectfully to refer to a single person:
Except in the perfect tense, the 3rd person subject marker when used of people is the same whether singular or plural. So in the present tense the 3rd person subject-marker is a-:
When the subject is a noun not in class 1, the appropriate class prefix is used even if referring to a person:
Object-marker
An object-marker can also optionally be added to the verb; if one is added it goes immediately before the verb-stem. The 2nd person plural adds -ni after the verb:
The object-marker can be:
When used with a toneless verb tense such as the perfect, the object-marker has a high tone, but in some tenses such as the present habitual, the tone is lost:
With the imperative or subjunctive, the tone of the object-marker goes on the syllable following it, and the imperative ending changes to -e:
Variety of tenses
Chichewa chili na viyowoyero vinandi, ndipo vinyake vikupambana na viyowoyero vinyake vya ku Europe. Para munthu wakuyowoya lizgu la ciyowoyero cinyake, wakuŵa na vilembo vyakwambilira nga ni -na- na -ku-, ndipo para wakuyowoya lizgu linyake wakuŵa na vilembo vyakwambilira.
Near vs. remote
Pali nyengo zinkhondi (zamunthazi, zamunthazi, zamunthazi, zamunthazi, na zamunthazi). Mphambano pakati pa nyengo zakufupi na zakutali njakwenelera yayi. Nyengo zakutali zikugwiliskirika nchito yayi pa vinthu ivyo vikacitika muhanya uno panji usiku wamara, kweni nyengo zakufupi zingagwiriskirika nchito pa vinthu ivyo vikacitika kumasinda panji kunthazi:
Perfect vs. past
Pali mphambano yinyake pakati pa vinthu viwemi na viheni. Vinthu viŵiri ivi vikulongora kuti ivyo vikacitika vikaŵa na umaliro uwo ulipo. Nyengo ziŵiri izo zajumpha zikulongora kuti cigaŵa ico cacitika cazgoka:
Recent time (today):
Remote time (yesterday or earlier):
When used in narrating a series of events, however, these implications are somewhat relaxed: the Remote Perfect is used for narrating earlier events, and the Recent Past for narrating events of today.
Perfective vs. imperfective
Another important distinction in Chewa is between perfective and imperfective aspect. Imperfective tenses are used for situations, events which occur regularly, or events which are temporarily in progress:
In the present tense only, there is a further distinction between habitual and progressive:
Other tenses
One future tense not found in European languages is the -ká- future, which 'might presuppose an unspoken conditional clause':
Negative tenses
Negative tenses, if they are main verbs, are made with the prefix sí-. They differ in intonation from the positive tenses. The negative of the -ná- tense has the ending -e instead of -a:
Tenses which mean 'will not' or 'have not yet' have a single tone on the penultimate syllable:
Infinitives, participial verbs, and the subjunctive make their negative with -sa-, which is added after the subject-prefix instead of before it. They similarly have a single tone on the penultimate syllable:
Dependent clause tenses
The tenses used in certain kinds of dependent clauses (such as relative clauses and some types of temporal clauses) differ from those used in main clauses. Dependent verbs often have a tone on the first syllable. Sometimes this change of tone alone is sufficient to show that the verb is being used in a dependent clause. Compare for example:
Other commonly used dependent tenses are the following:
Verb extensions
After the verb stem one or more extensions may be added. The extensions modify the meaning of the verb, for example: