cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Sierra Leone
Boma la chipani cimoza na kwamba kwa "Republic" (1968-1991)
Pakuti ŵanthu ŵakayezga kumugalukira, Stevens wakalutilira kuŵa na mazaza, ndipo ubwezi wake na ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakamukhozganga ukakhora. Ŵanyake ŵakagomezganga kuti wakawuskapo chipani cha SLPP mu ndyali mwa kugwiliskira nchito nkhaza na kucitiska wofi. Kuti ŵasilikari ŵalutilire kumovwira, Stevens wakasankha John Amadu Bangura kuŵa mulongozgi wa ŵasilikari ŵa Sierra Leone.
Pamanyuma pakuti boma la ŵanthu ŵambura mulandu lawelera ku boma, mavoti ghacigaŵa ghakacitika (kwamba mu 1968), ndipo boma la APC likimikika. Kweni pakaŵavya mtende. Mu Novembala 1968, masuzgo agho ghakaŵapo mu vigaŵa vikuruvikuru vikapangiska Stevens kuti wapharazge kuti mu charu chose muli suzgo. Ŵalaraŵalara ŵanandi ŵa ŵasilikari ŵa Sierra Leone ŵakakhuŵara chomene na ivyo Stevens wakachitanga kweniso umo wakachitiranga na ŵasilikari ŵa Sierra Leone, kweni pakaŵavya uyo wakalimbana nayo. Mulara wa ŵasilikari, Bangura, uyo wakawezgerapo Stevens kuŵa nduna yikuru, wakawonekanga kuti ndiyo yekha wangawusa Stevens. Gulu la ŵasilikari likaŵa lakujipeleka comene kwa Bangura, ndipo ici cikapangiska kuti waŵe wakofya comene kwa Stevens. Mu Janyuwale 1970, Bangura ŵakamukora na kumupa mulandu wa kuwukira boma la Stevens. Bangura wakati wapika mulandu kwa myezi yicoko waka, ŵakamusanga na mulandu ndipo ŵakamuphalira kuti wakomeke. Pa Malichi 29, 1970, Brigadier Bangura wakakomeka mu Freetown.
Bangura wakati wakomeka, gulu la ŵasilikari awo ŵakagomezgeka kwa mulara wa ŵasilikari uyo wakakomeka, ŵakagalukira boma la Stevens mu Freetown na mu vigaŵa vinyake. Ŵasilikari ŵanandi ŵakakakika na kweruzgika na khoti la ku Freetown chifukwa cha kunjilirapo pa kuwukira pulezidenti. Pakati pa ŵasilikari awo ŵakakakika pakaŵa mulara wa ŵasilikari uyo wakamanyikwanga viŵi yayi, Foday Sankoh, uyo wakaŵa wakugomezgeka kwa Bangura, ndipo pamanyuma pake wakambiska gulu la Revolutionary United Front (RUF). Kaboni Sankoh wakasangika na mulandu ndipo wakakakika vyaka vinkhondi na viŵiri mu jele la Pademba Road mu Freetown.
Mu Epulero 1971, ŵakalemba dango liphya ilo likazomerezga kuti Stevens waŵe pulezidenti. Mu ma 1972 by-elections, chipani cha opposition SLPP chikadandaula kuti chipani cha APC na chipani cha militia vikamuwopsya na kumukanizga. Masuzgo agha ghakaŵa ghakofya comene mwakuti SLPP yikasuskanga mavoti gha mu 1973; ntheura APC yikasanga vithuzithuzi 84 pa vithuzithuzi 85.
Mu 1974, ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakakhumbanga kuwuskapo pulezidenti Stevens, kweni ŵakatondeka ndipo ŵalongozgi ŵake ŵakakomeka. Pakati pa 1974, ŵasilikari ŵa ku Guinea ŵakaŵikika mu charu ichi kuti ŵawovwirepo pa mazaza ghake, pakuti Stevens wakaŵa mubwezi wa pulezidenti wa ku Guinea, Ahmed Sékou Touré. Mu Malichi 1976, Stevens wakasankhika kuŵa pulezidenti kwa nyengo yaciŵiri. Pa 19 Julayi, 1975, ŵalaraŵalara ŵa boma na ŵasilikari ŵakukwana 14, kusazgapo David Lansana, nduna yakale ya boma Mohamed Sorie Forna (wiske wa mulembi Aminatta Forna), Brigadier General Ibrahim Bash Taqi na Lieutenant Habib Lansana Kamara ŵakakomeka pamanyuma pakususka kuti ŵakayezga kutimbanizga boma la pulezidenti Stevens.
In 1977, a nationwide student demonstration against the government disrupted Sierra Leone politics. The demonstration was quickly put down by the army and Stevens' own personal Special Security Division (SSD), a heavily armed paramilitary force he had created to protect him and maintain his hold on power. SSD officers were loyal to Stevens and were deployed across the country to clamp down on any rebellion or protest against Stevens' government. A general election was called later that year in which corruption was again endemic; the APC won 74 seats and the SLPP 15. In 1978, the APC-dominant parliament approved a new constitution making the country a one-party state. The 1978 constitution made the APC the only legal political party in Sierra Leone. Ivi vikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵambe kususka boma mu vigaŵa vinandi vya charu ichi, kweni ŵasilikari na gulu la Stevens la SSD ŵakaŵakoma.
Stevens wakususkika cifukwa ca maluso ghake gha ucigaluka na vimbundi vya mu boma, kweni wakawovwira kuti caru ciŵe cakukhora ndiposo kuti cileke kunjira mu nkhondo. Wakambiska maboma ghanandi agho ghachali kugwira ntchito m'paka sono. Stevens wakachepeskaso mphatukano wa mafuko mu boma mwa kunjizga ŵanthu ŵa mafuko ghakupambanapambana mu boma lake la APC.
Siaka Stevens wakafumapo pa ndyali mu Novembala 1985 wati waŵa na mazaza vyaka 18. Pa ungano waumaliro wa ŵimiliri wa chipani ichi, uwo ukachitikira ku Freetown mu Novembala 1985, chipani ichi chikimika munthu munyake kuti wanjire mu malo gha Stevens. Munthu uyo wakasankhika wakaŵa Major General Joseph Saidu Momoh, mulongozgi wa ŵasilikari ŵa Sierra Leone. Pakuŵa mulongozgi wa ŵasilikari, Jenerale Momoh wakaŵa wakugomezgeka kwa Stevens, uyo wakamusankha. Nga ni Stevens, Momoh nayo wakaŵa wa fuko la Limba.
Pakuŵa uyo wakaŵa yekha, Momoh wakasankhika kuŵa pulezidenti kwambura kususkika ndipo wakalapizga kuŵa pulezidenti wachiŵiri wa Sierra Leone pa Novembala 28, 1985 ku Freetown. Mu Meyi 1986, pakaŵa chisankho cha chipani chimoza pakati pa ŵa APC. Pulezidenti Momoh wakasora mulara wa ŵasilikari na mubwezi wake, Major General Mohamed Tarawalie kuti waŵe mulongozgi wa ŵasilikari ŵa Sierra Leone. Jenerale Tarawalie nayo wakaŵa wakugomezgeka comene ndipo wakawovwiranga comene Momoh. Pulezidenti Momoh wakimika James Bambay Kamara kuŵa mulara wa ŵapolisi ŵa Sierra Leone. Bambay Kamara nayo wakaŵa wakugomezgeka comene kwa Momoh. Momoh wakapatukana na pulezidenti wakale Siaka Stevens mwa kunjizga gulu lankhongono la SSD mu polisi ya Sierra Leone nga ni gulu lapadera la ŵasilikari. Pa nyengo ya Pulezidenti Stevens, gulu la SSD likaŵa lankhongono comene ndipo likagwiliskiranga nchito nkhongono zake kuti liŵe na mazaza. Ŵapolisi ŵa Sierra Leone awo ŵakalongozgekanga na Bambay Kamara ŵakasuskika kuti ŵakachitiranga nkhaza ŵanthu awo ŵakasuskanga boma la Pulezidenti Momoh.
Chifukwa cha kukolerana na ŵasilikari kweniso kususka vimbundi, pulezidenti Momoh wakamba kukhozgeka na ŵanthu ŵa ku Sierra Leone. Chifukwa cha kusoŵa kwa visko viphya mu nduna ziphya za APC pasi pa purezidenti Momoh na kuwelera kwa visko vinandi vya kale kufuma mu boma la Stevens, mwaluŵiro ŵanthu ŵakamba kumususka kuti Momoh wakalutilira waka kuwusa kwa Stevens.
Vyaka vichoko waka vyakulondezgapo mu muwuso wa Momoh vikaŵa na vimbundi, ndipo Momoh wakawuskapo vimbundi ivi mwa kufumiska nduna zinandi. Kuti walongore kuti wakulimbana na vimbundi, Pulezidenti Momoh wakapharazga za "Ndondomeko ya Makhaliro ya Ŵalongozgi ŵa Ndyali na Ŵateŵeti ŵa Boma". Pamanyuma pa kuyezga kuwuskapo pulezidenti Momoh mu Malichi 1987, ŵalongozgi ŵa boma ŵakujumpha 60 ŵakakakika, kusazgapo Francis Minah, wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti, uyo wakawuskika pa udindo wake, wakasangika na mulandu wa kunozga chiwukirano, ndipo wakakomeka na kukakika mu 1989, pamoza na ŵanyake ŵankhondi.
Nkhondo ya ku Sierra Leone (1991-2002) na boma la NPRC (1992-1996)
Mu Okutobala 1990, cifukwa ca kukhuŵilizgika comene na ŵanthu ŵa mu caru na ŵakuwaro kuti ŵanozge ndyali na vya cuma, pulezidenti Momoh wakimika komiti ya kunozgaso malango gha boma kuti yilanje malango gha boma la chipani cimoza. Pakugwiliskira nchito ulongozgi wa komiti iyi, dango la boma ilo likakhazikiskaso ndondomeko ya vyaru vinandi likapokelereka na Nyumba ya Malamulo ya APC. Pakaŵa kukayika kukuru kuti pulezidenti Momoh wakakhumbanga yayi kusintha vinthu pa ndyali, cifukwa boma la APC likalutilira kusuzgika na mazaza.
Nkhondo ya pawenenawene iyo yikaŵa mukati mu charu cha Liberia ndiyo yikapangiska kuti ku Sierra Leone kuŵe nkhondo. Charles Taylor uyo pa nyengo iyo wakaŵa mulongozgi wa National Patriotic Front of Liberia, vikayowoyeka kuti wakawovwira kupanga Revolutionary United Front (RUF) pasi pa muwuso wa Foday Saybana Sankoh, uyo wakaŵa mulara wa ŵasilikari ŵa Sierra Leone. Sankoh wakaŵa mulara wa ŵasilikari wakale wa ku Britain uyo wakasambizgikaso nkhondo ku Libya. Cakulinga ca Taylor cikaŵa cakuti RUF yikome ŵasilikari awo ŵakakhalanga mu Sierra Leone.
Pa 29 Epulero 1992, gulu la ŵasilikari ŵawukirano ŵa ku Sierra Leone Army, awo ŵakalongozgekanga na ŵasilikari 7 ŵa ku Sierra Leone, Lt. Sahr Sandy, Captain Valentine Strasser, Lt. Solomon "SAJ" Musa, Captain Komba Mondeh, Lt. Tom Nyuma, Captain Julius Maada Bio na Captain Komba Kambo, ŵakachitiska chivundungwele cha ŵasilikari icho chikapangiska kuti pulezidenti Momoh wapelekeleke ku Guinea. Wupu wa NPRC ukayimiska mwaluŵiro dango la boma, kukanizga vipani vyose vya ndyali, kukanizga wanangwa wa kuyowoya na wa manyuzipepara, ndipo ukakhazikiska dango lakuti ŵasilikari ŵaŵikenge mu jele kwambura mulandu panji kweruzgika.
SAJ Musa, mubwezi wa Strasser wa pa ubonda, wakazgoka wachiŵiri wa pulezidenti na mulongozgi wa boma la NPRC. Strasser wakaŵa mulongozgi wa boma muwukirano comene pa caru cose apo wakayamba kuwusa mazuŵa ghatatu pera kufuma apo wakafiskira vilimika 25. Boma la NPRC likakhazikiska National Supreme Council of State nga ni boma la ŵasilikari na mazaza ghaumaliro pa vinthu vyose ndipo likaŵa na ŵasilikari ŵa NPRC ŵankhongono comene, kusazgapo Strasser na ŵasilikari ŵakwambilira awo ŵakathereska pulezidenti Momoh.
Yumoza wa ŵasilikari ŵakuzirwa comene ŵa NPRC Junta, Lt. Sahr Sandy, mubwezi wakugomezgeka wa Strasser, wakakomeka na Major S.I.M. Turay, uyo wakaŵa wakugomezgeka kwa pulezidenti Momoh. Gulu la ŵasilikari ilo likaŵa na vilwero vikuru vikapenja munthu uyo wakakoma Mulara Sandy. Ndipouli, wakukayikiska comene ni Major S.I.M. Turay wakabisama na kucimbira mu caru ca Guinea, cifukwa wakawopanga umoyo wake. Ŵasilikari ŵanandi ŵakugomezgeka kwa pulezidenti Momoh ŵakakakika, kusazgapo Colonel Kahota M. Dumbuya na Major Yayah Turay. Mulara wa ŵasilikari, Lt. Sandy, ŵakamusunga pa dindi la boma ndipo ŵasilikari ŵanandi ŵa NPRC ŵakaluta ku dindi ili.
Boma la NPRC likalutilira kukolerana na wupu wa ECOWAS ndipo likakhozga wovwiri wa ŵasilikari ŵa ECOMOG awo ŵakakhalanga ku Sierra Leone. Pa 28 Disembala 1992, boma likayezga kupoka boma kwa boma la NPRC la Strasser, pakukhumba kufwatura Colonel Yahya Kanu, Colonel Kahota M.S. Dumbuya na uyo kale wakaŵa Inspector General wa ŵapolisi Bambay Kamara, ŵakakanizgika. Ŵalaraŵalara ŵa ŵasilikari ŵaciŵiri awo ŵakalongozgekanga na Sergeant Mohamed Lamin Bangura ŵakamanyikwa kuti ndiwo ŵakapangiska chiŵembu ici. Ŵasilikari 17 ŵakakomeka chifukwa cha chiŵembu ichi. Ŵanyake mwa ŵanthu awo ŵakakomeka ni Colonel Kahota Dumbuya, Major Yayah Kanu na Sergeant Mohamed Lamin Bangura. Ŵalaraŵalara ŵanandi ŵa boma la Momoh awo ŵakaŵa mu jele la Pa Demba Road, kusazgapo uyo kale wakaŵa mulara wa ŵapolisi Bambay Kamara, nawo ŵakakomeka.
Pa 5 Julayi 1994 SAJ Musa, uyo wakaŵa wakutemweka comene pakati pa ŵanthu, comenecomene mu Freetown, wakakakika na kutumizgika ku caru cinyake pamasinda pakuti wakasoleka kuti wakakhumbanga kuwuskapo Strasser. Strasser wakasintha Musa kuŵa wachiŵiri wa pulezidenti wa NPRC na Captain Bio, uyo nyengo yeneyiyo Strasser wakamukwezga kuŵa brigadier.
Ntchito ya NPRC yikaŵa yambura ntchito chifukwa boma la Momoh likathereskeka. Kuzakafika mu 1994, ŵasilikari ŵa RUF ŵakamba kuwusa chigaŵa chikuru cha chigaŵa cha kumafumiro gha dazi icho chikaŵa na malibwe gha dayamondi ghanandi. Pakuzgora, NPRC yikagwiriska nchito Executive Outcomes, kampani ya ŵasilikari ya ku South Africa, kuti yigeziske ŵasilikari ŵakugwilira nchito ŵankhondo ŵakukwana mahandiredi ghanandi. Pakati pajumpha mwezi umoza, ŵasilikari aŵa ŵakachimbizga ŵasilikari ŵa RUF mu vigaŵa ivyo vikaŵa kufupi na mphaka za Sierra Leone.
Nyengo ya Kabbah: boma, "kuwuka kwa boma liphya", AFRC na umaliro wa Nkhondo Yachiŵeniŵeni (1996~2007)
Bio wakafiska ivyo wakalayizga kuti wazamuwusa ŵanthu. Pambere mavoti ghandambe, ŵanthu ŵa ku Sierra Leone na ŵanyakhe ŵa pa caru cose ŵakadumbiskana usange chalo ici cikwenera kumazga nkhondo ya pawenenawene iyo yikalutilira kwa nyengo yitali, panji usange cikwenera kucita mavoti na kuwezgeraso muwuso ku boma la ŵanthu na ndondomeko ya vyaru vinandi. Pamanyuma pa ungano wa 1995 wa National Consultative Conference ku Bintumani Hotel ku Freetown, wakucemeka "Bintumani I", uwo ukaŵa upharazgi wa Strasser, ungano unyake wa National Consultative Conference ku Bintumani Hotel ku Freetown, wakucemeka "Bintumani II", ukambiska na boma la Bio ilo likakhwaska ŵanyakhe ŵa ku charu na ŵanyakhe ŵa ku vyaru vinyake, mu kuyezga kusanga nthowa yakufumiskirapo masuzgo agho ghakuwira chalo. "Mtende pambere mavoti ghandambe na mavoti pambere mtende undafike" ghakazgoka nkhani yikuru ya kudumbiskana ndipo nkhani iyi yikamba kudumbiskana pa caru cose. Paumaliro, ŵakadumbiskana na ŵanthu ŵanandi, kusazgapo boma la Bio na UN, ndipo ŵakakolerana kuti apo ŵakuyezgayezga kusanga nthowa ya mtende yakumazgira nkhondo, ŵakwenera kuchitiska mavoti mwaluŵiro. Bio wakapeleka mazaza kwa Ahmad Tejan Kabbah wa SLPP, pamanyuma pa mavoti agho ghakacitika kuuyambiro wa chaka cha 1996 agho Kabbah wakathereska. Pulezidenti Kabbah wakatora mazaza na cilato cakuti wamalizge nkhondo ya pa cikaya. Wakati wapokera mazaza, Pulezidenti Kabbah mwaluŵiro wakamba kudumbiskana na RUF ndipo wakacemera mulongozgi wawo Foday Sankoh kuti wazakadumbiskane za mtende.
Pa 25 Meyi 1997, ŵasilikari 17 mu gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa Sierra Leone awo ŵakalongozgekanga na Corporal Tamba Gborie, ŵakugomezgeka kwa Major Johnny Paul Koroma uyo wakaŵa mu jele, ŵakambiska boma la nkhondo ilo likatuma Pulezidenti Kabbah ku ukapolo ku Guinea ndipo ŵakambiska wupu wa Armed Forces Revolutionary Council (AFRC). Kaboni Gborie wakaluta mwaluŵiro ku ofesi yikuru ya Sierra Leone Broadcasting Services ku New England, Freetown, kuti wakapharazge vya boma ilo likapoka mazaza na kucenjezga ŵasilikari wose ŵa mu caru kuti ŵize kuzakavikilira. Mwaluŵiro ŵasilikari ŵakamufumiska Koroma mu jere na kumwimika kuŵa pulezidenti wawo na mulongozgi wa boma.
Koroma wakayimiska dango la chalo, wakakanizga viwoneskero, wakajarapo mawayilesi ghose gha palekha mu chalo ichi ndipo wakacemera RUF kuti wanjire mu boma liphya la junta, na mulongozgi wake Foday Sankoh kuŵa Vice-Chairman wa boma liphya la AFRC-RUF. Pakati pajumpha mazuŵa ghachoko waka, ŵasilikari ŵanandi ŵa RUF ŵakiza mu msumba wa Freetown. Gulu la ŵasilikari awo ŵakakhalanga mu vigaŵa vya kumwera kwa Sierra Leone, awo ŵakalongozgekanga na Samuel Hinga Norman, ŵakalutilira kugomezgeka kwa Pulezidenti Kabbah.
Pakati pajumpha myezi yinkhondi na umoza, ŵasilikari awo ŵakalongozgekanga na boma la Nigeria ŵakawuskapo boma ili. Pa 19 Okutobala 1998, ŵasilikari ŵa Sierra Leone 24 (mwakusazgapo Gborie, Brigadier Hassan Karim Conteh, Colonel Samuel Francis Koroma, Major Kula Samba na Colonel Abdul Karim Sesay) ŵakakomeka na gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa boma ku Freetown.
Vinthu vikafika paheni comene mu caru ici mwakuti ŵasilikari ŵa ku Britain ŵakatumika kuti ŵafumiske ŵanthu ŵa ku vyaru vinyake. Kweni ŵasilikari ŵa ku Britain ŵakaleka mulimo wawo ndipo ŵakamba nkhondo kuti ŵathereske ŵakugaluka. Ŵanalume ŵa ku Britain ndiwo ŵakapangiska kuti nkhondo yimare. Ŵasilikari ŵa boma la Britain, pamoza na ŵalara ŵa boma na ŵandyali, ŵakakhalapo kuti ŵasambizge ŵasilikari, kunozga vinthu vya mu caru, na kupeleka wovwiri wa ndalama na vinthu vinyake. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Sierra Leone ŵakuwona kuti Tony Blair, uyo wakaŵa nduna yikuru ya Britain pa nyengo iyo ŵasilikari ŵa Britain ŵakanjilirapo, ni munthu wankhongono.
Kufuma mu 1991 m'paka mu 2001, ŵanthu pafupifupi 50,000 ŵakafwa pa nkhondo ya pawenenawene ku Sierra Leone. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakachimbizgika mu nyumba zawo ndipo ŵanandi ŵakachimbilira ku Guinea na Liberia. Mu 2001, ŵasilikari ŵa UN ŵakanjira mu vigaŵa ivyo ŵakugaluka ŵakakhalanga na kwamba kuwuskamo vilwero vya ŵasilikari aŵa. Mu Janyuwale 2002, nkhondo yikamara. Mu Meyi 2002, Kabbah wakasankhikaso kuŵa pulezidenti. Mu 2004, mulimo wa kufumiska vilwero ukaŵa kuti wamara. Kweniso mu 2004, khoti lakuvikilirika na wupu wa UN likamba kweruzga ŵalongozgi ŵa vigaŵa vyose viŵiri vya nkhondo. Mu Disembala 2005, ŵasilikari ŵa UN ŵakafumamo mu Sierra Leone.
Chisankho cha 2007 ndi kubwereranso kwa APC
Mu Ogasiti 2007, ku Sierra Leone kukachitika chisankho cha pulezidenti na chaparamendi. Ndipouli, palije uyo wakatora mazaza gha 50% pamoza na kura yimoza iyo yikaŵa mu dango la boma. Chisankho chachiwiri chinachitika mu Seputembala 2007, ndipo Ernest Bai Koroma, woyimira chipani chachikulu chotsutsa cha APC, adasankhidwa kukhala purezidenti. Koroma wakasankhika kuŵa purezidenti kachiŵiri mu Novembala 2012.
Kulimbana na nthenda ya Ebola (2014~2016)
Mu 2014, ku Sierra Leone kukabuka nthenda ya Ebola iyo yikatimbanizga vinthu mu charu chose. Kuumaliro wa 2014, ku Sierra Leone kukafwa ŵanthu pafupifupi 3,000 ndipo ŵanthu 10,000 ŵakaŵa na nthenda iyi. Kweniso nthenda iyi yikapangiska kuti mu Seputembala 2014, ŵanthu ŵaŵikike mu charu chose kwa mazuŵa ghatatu. Nthenda iyi yikamba chifukwa cha Ebola iyo yikathandazgika chomene ku West Africa. Mu Ogasiti 2014, charu cha Sierra Leone chikaleka kuseŵera maseŵera gha mpira chifukwa cha Ebola. Pa Malichi 16, 2016, wupu wa vyaumoyo pa charu chose (WHO) ukati Sierra Leone njambura Ebola.
14 August 2017 mudslides
Pa August 14, 2017, mu msumba wa Freetown na kufupi na msumba uwu mukachitika chivundungwele.
Makhalilo gha charu
Charu cha Sierra Leone chili kumwera cha kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Africa. Charu ichi chili na mphaka na Guinea kumpoto na kumafumiro gha dazi, Liberia kumwera kwa kumafumiro gha dazi, na Atlantic Ocean kumanjiliro gha dazi na kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi.
Sierra Leone yili na malo ghakukwana 71,740 km2 (27,699 sq mi), ndipo yili kugaŵika mu malo ghakukwana 71,620 km2 (27,653 sq mi) na maji ghakukwana 120 km2 (46 sq mi). Charu ichi chili na vigaŵa vinayi. Ku chigaŵa cha kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Sierra Leone, phiri ili lili na mapiri ghatali, ndipo Phiri la Bintumani lili na m'paka mamita 1,948. Chigaŵa chakunena cha mlonga wa Moa chili kumwera kwa chigaŵa ichi.
Kumanjiliro gha dazi, Sierra Leone yili na mtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi 400 kufuma ku Atlantic Coastline, ndipo yili na vinthu vinandi vya mu nyanja. Ku mumphepete mwa nyanja kuli vyakumera vya mangrove. Msumba ukuru wa Freetown uli mumphepete mwa nyanja pafupi na dowoko la Sierra Leone.
Nyengo ya mu charu ichi njakotcha, ndipo nyengo ziŵiri zikupangiska kuti kulimilirenge: nyengo ya vula kufuma mu Meyi m'paka Novembala, kweniso nyengo ya chihanya kufuma mu Disembala m'paka Meyi, apo mphepo yakuzizima yikuputa kufuma ku mapopa gha Sahara. Pa avereji, mu charu muli kutentha kwapakati pa 26 °C na 36 °C.
Biodiversity
Ku Sierra Leone kuli vyaru vinayi: nkhorongo za ku Guinea, nkhorongo za ku Western Guinea, nkhorongo za ku Guinea, na makuni gha mangrove.
Vinthu ivyo ŵanthu ŵakuyowoya kuti ndivyo vikupangiska kuti charu cha Sierra Leone chiheni chomene panji kuti vikupangiska kuti charu chiheni chomene, ni vyakurya vyambura kukhazikika, kusamalira makora yayi dongo na maji, kudumulizga makuni, kusisita vyakumera, kurya nkhuni, kweniso kulimilira chomene viŵeto na kuzenga misumba.
Kutowa kwa makuni, cifukwa ca makuni gha malonda ndiposo cifukwa ca vyakurya, ni suzgo likuru comene ndipo kukupangiska kuti caru ciŵe na uheni ukuru. Kuzenga migodi, kudumura na kotcha malo kuti ghazgoke malo ghakuliskako viŵeto, kwapangiska kuti makuni ghachepe chomene mu Sierra Leone kwambira m'ma 1980. Charu ichi chili na nkhorongo zinandi chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa makuni. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakopa kuti makuni ghanandi ghachali kukomeka mu malo ghakuchemeka Tama-Tonkoli Forest Reserve kumpoto. Awo ŵakuguliska makuni ŵasazgirako ntchito yawo ku Nimini, District ya Kono, Eastern Province; Jui, Western Rural District, Western Area; Loma Mountains National Park, Koinadougu, Northern Province; ndipo ŵali na mapulani ghakwamba kugwira ntchito mu Kambui Forest reserve mu Kenema District, Eastern Province. Charu ichi chili na chiŵerengero cha 2.76/10 pa charu chose pa vyaru 172.
Ntcheŵe yakucemeka Lycaon pictus ya ku Africa yikanangika comene mwakuti yikuwoneka kuti yili kumara mu Sierra Leone.
M'paka mu 2002, Sierra Leone yikaŵavya ndondomeko yakwendeskera nkhorongo chifukwa cha nkhondo ya pawenenawene iyo yikakoma ŵanthu ŵanandi. Kufuma waka apo nkhondo ya pawenenawene yikamalira, makuni agho ghakuparanyika ghasazgikira na 7.3%. Mu 2003, mu Sierra Leone mukaŵa malo ghakuvikilirika 55. Mu caru ici muli vyakumera vinandi, vinyama 147, viyuni 626, vinyama vyakukhwaŵa 67, vinyama vyakukhala pasi na pasi 35, na somba 99.
Mu Juni 2005, wupu wa Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) na BirdLife International ŵakakolerana kuti ŵawovwirepo pa ntchito ya kunozga nkhorongo ya Gola Forest ku Sierra Leone.
Boma na ndale
Sierra Leone ni charu icho chili na boma ilo likusankhika na ŵanthu. Ndondomeko ya boma ya Sierra Leone yikukolerana na Dango la Sierra Leone la 1991. Sierra Leone yili na boma likuru ilo likulamulira ndipo boma lakunjilirapo ndambura nkhongono. Boma la Sierra Leone, ilo likulongozgeka na pulezidenti, lili na mazaza ghanandi. Pulezidenti ni munthu wankhongono comene mu Sierra Leone.
Kuyana na Dango la mu 1991, boma la Britain ndilo lili na mazaza ghakulongozga vinthu. Boma likuru comene lili na pulezidenti na mamembara gha boma lake, kweniso ŵeruzgi.
Pulezidenti ni mulara wa boma, mulara wa boma, ndiposo mulongozgi wa ŵasilikari ŵa Sierra Leone. Pulezidenti wakusora na kulongozga nduna izo zikwenera kuzomerezgeka na Nyumba ya Malango. Pulezidenti wakusankhika na ŵanthu wose kuti waŵepo nyengo ziŵiri. Pulezidenti ndiyo wali na mazaza ghakuru chomene mu boma la Sierra Leone.
Pulezidenti wa sono wa Sierra Leone ni Julius Maada Bio, uyo wakaŵa mulongozgi wa gulu la ŵasilikari. Bio wakathereska Samura Kamara wa chipani cha All People's Congress (APC) mu chisankho cha purezidenti cha 2018. Bio wakasintha pulezidenti Ernest Bai Koroma pamanyuma pakuti Bio wakalapizga pa 4 April 2018 na Chief Justice Abdulai Cham. Bio ni mulongozgi wa chipani cha Sierra Leone People's Party, chipani icho chili na mazaza mu Sierra Leone.
Pamanyuma pa pulezidenti pakuŵa wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti, uyo ni mulara waciŵiri mu boma la Sierra Leone. Nga umo Dango la Sierra Leone likulongolera, wachiŵiri wa pulezidenti ndiyo wakuŵa pulezidenti wa Sierra Leone para pulezidenti wafwa, wafumapo, panji wafumiskika.
Parliament
Nyumba ya Malamulo ya Sierra Leone njimoza pera, ndipo yili na mipando 146. Chigaŵa chilichose mwa vigaŵa 14 vya charu ichi chili na ŵimiliri mu nyumba ya malango. Nyumba ya malango ya Sierra Leone yikulongozgeka na Mulara wa Nyumba ya Malamulo, uyo ni mulongozgi wa Nyumba ya Malamulo ndipo wakusankhika na ŵanthu awo ŵalipo. Mulara wa sono wa nyumba ya malango ya Sierra Leone ni Abass Bundu, uyo wakasankhika na mamembala gha nyumba ya malango pa 21 January 2014.
Ŵabali awo ŵalipo sono mu Nyumba ya Malamulo ya Sierra Leone ŵakasankhika pa mavoti gha mu 2012. Pasono chipani cha APC chili na vithuzithuzi 68 pa vithuzithuzi 132 ivyo vili mu nyumba ya malango ndipo chipani cha Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) chili na vithuzithuzi 49 pa vithuzithuzi 132. Maphwando awiri opambana kwambiri ku Sierra Leone, APC ndi SLPP, pamodzi adagonjetsa mipando yonse yosankhidwa ku Nyumba Yamalamulo mu chisankho cha nyumba yamalamulo ku Sierra Leone cha 2012. Kuti munthu waŵe mu Nyumba ya Malamulo, wakwenera kuŵa mwenekaya wa Sierra Leone, wakwenera kuŵa na vyaka vyakujumpha 21, wakwenera kuyowoya, kuŵazga na kulemba Cingelezi mwakuti waŵe na mwaŵi wakucitako milimo ya mu Nyumba ya Malamulo; ndipo wakwenera kuŵa na mulandu yayi.
Judiciary
Boma la Sierra Leone lili na ŵeruzgi awo ŵakulongozgeka na Chief Justice of Sierra Leone. Makhoti ghanyake ni Khoti Likuru la Vyamalango, Khoti la Apilu, makhoti gha ŵeruzgi, na makhoti gha ku mizi. Pulezidenti wakusora na kuzomerezga ŵeruzgi ŵa makhoti ghose ghatatu. Ŵeruzgi ŵali na mazaza pa milandu yose ya ŵanthu wose ndiposo ya milandu ya milandu mu caru cose. Mulara wa milandu wa sono wa Sierra Leone ni Desmond Babatunde Edwards
Foreign relations
Unduna wa Vyalo vya ku Sierra Leone na Wupu Wakovwira Ŵanthu ŵa ku vyaru Vinyake ndiwo ukuwona vya ndyali za ku Sierra Leone. Charu cha Sierra Leone chili paubwezi na vyaru nga ni China, Russia, Libya, Iran, na Cuba.
Boma la pulezidenti wakale Siaka Stevens likakhumbanga kukolerana na vyaru vinyake vya kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Africa mu wupu wa Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). Sierra Leone, pamoza na Liberia, Ivory Coast na Guinea, ni vyaru ivyo vikukolerana na vyaru vinyake. Ntchito yake yikuru njakuti yikhazikiske mapulojekiti ghakovwira kuti vinthu vyende makora mu vyaru vinayi ivi.
Sierra Leone nayo njumoza wa wupu wa United Nations na wupu unyake, African Union, African Development Bank (AFDB), Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), na Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). Sierra Leone njumoza wa ŵeruzgi ŵa International Criminal Court awo ŵali kukolerana kuti ŵasilikari ŵa United States ŵavikilirikenge (kulingana na ndime 98).
Military
Gulu la ŵasilikari la Sierra Leone, ilo likucemeka Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces (RSLAF), ni gulu la ŵasilikari la Sierra Leone ilo likuvikilira vigaŵa vya Sierra Leone na kuvikilira vyandulo vya Sierra Leone. Gulu la ŵasilikari ili likapangika pamanyuma pa kujithemba mu 1961, kufuma ku British Royal West African Frontier Force. Gulu la ŵasilikari la Sierra Leone lili na ŵanthu pafupifupi 15,500, ndipo lili na ŵasilikari ŵanandi chomene ŵa Sierra Leone.
Pulezidenti wa Sierra Leone ndiyo ni mulara wa ŵasilikari, ndipo nduna ya vya kuvikilira ndiyo yikulaŵilira vya kuvikilira caru na kupanga ŵasilikari. Nduna ya vya kuvikilira ya Sierra Leone ni Major Alfred Paolo Conteh. Gulu la ŵasilikari la Sierra Leone lili na Chief of the Defence Staff, uyo ni mulara wa ŵasilikari uyo wakuŵa na udindo wa kwendeska na kwendeska ŵasilikari ŵa Sierra Leone. Brigadier General Alfred Nelson-Williams uyo wakasankhika na President Koroma wakasintha Major General Edward Sam M'boma pa 12 September 2008 pakuŵa Chief of Defence Staff wa Army.
Apo Sierra Leone yikapokera wanangwa mu 1961, ŵasilikari ŵa Royal Sierra Leone Military Force ŵakapangika kufuma ku Sierra Leone Battalion of the West African Frontier Force. Mu 1968, ŵasilikari ŵakamba kuwusa, ndipo ŵakaŵika wupu wa National Reformation Council. Pa 19 Epulero 1971, apo Sierra Leone yikazgoka charu, Royal Sierra Leone Military Forces yikasintha zina kuŵa Republic of Sierra Leone Military Force (RSLMF). Wupu wa RSLMF ukalutilira kuŵa na gulu limoza m'paka mu 1979, apo boma la Sierra Leone likakhazikiska mawumba gha ŵasilikari ŵa nkhondo. Mu 1995, likuru la ŵasilikari likakhazikiskika, ndipo gulu la ŵasilikari la Sierra Leone Air Wing likapangika. Gulu la RSLMF likasinthika zina kuŵa Armed Forces of the Republic of Sierra Leone (AFRSL).
Law enforcement
Boma la Sierra Leone likulongozgeka na ŵapolisi awo ŵakwimikika na pulezidenti. Ŵapolisi ŵa ku Sierra Leone ŵakakhazikiskika na Britain mu 1894. Likovwira kugega vigeŵenga, kuvikilira umoyo wa ŵanthu na katundu wawo, kusanga na kweruzga ŵakuswa malango, kukhazikiska bata na mtende, kuvikilira umoyo na chivikiliro, kweniso kovwira ŵanthu kuti ŵeruzgike makora. Wapolisi wa ku Sierra Leone ni Inspector General of Police, uyo ni mulongozgi wa ŵapolisi ŵa ku Sierra Leone.
Chigaŵa chilichose cha vigaŵa 14 vya Sierra Leone chili na mulara wa ŵapolisi uyo ni mulara wa chigaŵa. Ŵapolisi aŵa ŵakuteŵetera ku ofesi ya ŵapolisi ya ku Freetown. Mulaŵiliri wa ŵapolisi sono ni Brima Acha Kamara, uyo wakasankhika na pulezidenti wakale Ahmad Tejan Kabbah.
Wanangwa wa ŵanthu
Male same-sex sexual activity is illegal under Section 61 of the Offences against the Person Act 1861, and imprisonment for life is possible.
Ŵapolisi ŵakusuzga comene ŵanthu. Ŵalwani ŵakomeka na ŵasilikari, kweniso ŵanthu awo ŵakachitanga vivulupi mu jele (mu jele la Pademba Road, ŵakayidi 30 na msilikari yumoza ŵakafwa). Pa nyengo ya COVID-19, ŵapolisi ŵakawukira ŵanthu awo ŵakakhumbanga kusanga vinthu vyakukhumbikwa.
Administrative divisions
Vigaŵa vya vigaŵa ivi vili kugaŵika mu vigaŵa 186, ivyo kanandi vikulongozgeka na ŵalongozgi ŵakuchindikika, awo boma la Britain likaŵamanya mu 1896. Ŵalongozgi aŵa ŵali na mazaza comene, comenecomene mu mizi na matawuni ghacoko. Ŵalongozgi ŵa mafuko wose ŵakaŵa na mafuko agho ghakamanyikwanga pa nyengo iyo. Kanandi ŵalongozgi ndiwo "ŵakupeleka misonkho, ŵeruzgi, na kugaŵa malo, agho ngakukhumbikwa chomene ku mizi".
Mu vigaŵa vya boma, vigaŵa vikulamulirika nga ni malo. Chigaŵa chilichose chili na wupu wa chigaŵa uwo ukusankhika mwakudunjika. Pafupifupi, pali maboma 19: maboma 13 gha vigaŵa, limoza pa vigaŵa 12 na limoza pa vigaŵa vya kumanjiliro gha dazi. Mu matawuni agha muli Freetown, ilo ni boma la Western Area Urban District, kweniso Bo, Bonthe, Kenema, Koidu, na Makeni.
Nangauli makonsili gha vigaŵa ghakulongozgeka na maboma gha vigaŵa, kweni maboma agha ghakwendeskeka na Unduna wa Vyaru na Wupu Wakulongozga.
Chuma
Kuzakafika m'ma 1990, vinthu vikamba kunangika chomene mu vyaru ivi. Mu vyaka 10 vyakulondezgapo, vinthu vinandi vya mu charu ichi vikamara chifukwa cha nkhondo. Kufuma waka apo nkhondo yikamalira mu Janyuwale 2002, wovwiri ukuru wakufuma ku vyaru vinyake wawovwira kuti Sierra Leone yambe kunozgeka.
Kuti vinthu viŵeko makora pa charu, boma likwenera kulimbana na vimbundi. Cinthu cimoza ico cikulongora kuti caru ici cizamuŵa cakukondwa ni umo boma likwendeskera makora vyakupangira dayamondi.
Pali ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵambura nchito, comenecomene ŵawukirano na awo kale ŵakaŵa ŵasilikari. Ŵalara ŵa boma ŵakutondeka kufiska makora ndondomeko ya kunozga vinthu mu boma, ndipo ndondomeko ya kupanikizgira vinthu ku boma nayo yikucepa.
Ndalama izo ŵakugwiliskira nchito ni leone. Banki yikuru ni Banki ya Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone yili na ndondomeko ya kusintha ndalama, ndipo ndalama za caru cinyake zingasinthika pa banki yiliyose, maofesi gha visulo vya visulo na mu mahotelo ghanandi. Ku Sierra Leone, ŵanthu ŵakugwiliskira ntchito makadi gha ngongoli bweka yayi, nangauli ŵakugwiliskira ntchito mu mahotelo na malo ghanyake ghakurya. Mu Freetown muli mashini ghapachanya agho ghakupokelera makadi gha Visa.
Agriculture
Ŵanthu ŵa ku Sierra Leone ŵakukwana vigaŵa viŵiri pa vigaŵa vitatu. Mu 2007, vyakurya vikaŵa 58 peresenti ya GDP.
Vyaru ni vyeneivyo vikugwilira nchito ŵanthu ŵanandi comene. Mpunga ndiwo ni vyakurya vyakuzirwa comene mu Sierra Leone, ndipo ŵalimi 85 pa 100 ŵali na mpunga mu nyengo ya vula, ndipo munthu yumoza wakurya makilogiramu 76 pa caka.
Mining
Sierra Leone yikumanyikwa cifukwa ca malibwe gha ndopa agho ghakasangika na kuguliskika ku mabungwe gha malibwe gha ndopa mu nyengo ya nkhondo ya pawenenawene. Mu ma 1970, na kukwambilira kwa ma 1980, vinthu vikamba kwenda makora yayi pa charu chifukwa cha kunangika kwa migodi kweniso vimbundi ivyo vikachitikanga na ŵalara ŵa boma.
Malibwe gha daimondi gha ku Sierra Leone ghakupangika pa chaka pa ndalama zakukwana madola 250 miliyoni na 300 miliyoni. Vinyake mwa ndalama izi ŵakuvipeleka mwakubisilizga, ndipo vingaŵa kuti ŵakugwiliskira nchito pakuguliska ndarama panji kupeleka ndalama. Kufuma waka pa nyengo ya nkhondo ya pawenenawene, vyakurya ivyo vikutolekera ku vyaru vinyake vyasintha comene. Mu Okutobala 2000, wupu wa UN ukazomerezga vyakupimira ma diamondi agho ghakuguliskika ku vyaru vinyake. Mu 2001, boma likapangiska kabungwe kakuwona vya kusambizga ŵanthu vya migodi (DACDF), ako kakuwezgera chigaŵa cha misonkho iyo ŵanthu ŵakupeleka ku migodi. Ndalama iyi yikapangika kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha ŵagulire malibwe gha dayamondi.
Ku Sierra Leone kuli malibwe ghanandi chomene gha rutile, agho ghakugwiliskirika ntchito pa kupanga utoto.
Transport infrastructure
Ku Sierra Leone kuli nthowa zinandi zakwendeskera vinthu. Mu Sierra Leone muli misewu ya makilomita 11,300 (7,000 miles), ndipo misewu ya makilomita 904 (562 mi) njakukhoma. Misewu yikuruyikuru ya ku Sierra Leone yikukolerana na ya ku Conakry, Guinea, na Monrovia, Liberia.
Sierra Leone yili na dowoko likuru chomene pa charu cha Africa, ndipo likovwira ŵanthu kuti ŵende pa dowoko la Queen Elizabeth II Quay mu chigaŵa cha Cline Town, kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Freetown. Mu Sierra Leone muli misewu ya maji ya makilomita 800, ndipo 600 mwa misewu iyi njakwenda chaka chose. Matawuni ghakurughakuru agho ghali na dowoko ni Bonthe, Freetown, Sherbro Island, na Pepel.
Ku Sierra Leone kuli ma eyapoti 10 gha chigaŵa na ya charu chose. Ndege ya Freetown International Airport, iyo yili mu tawuni ya Lungi kumpoto kwa Sierra Leone, ndiyo yikwendeskeka na ŵanthu ŵa ku Sierra Leone. Awo ŵakwenda ŵakwambuka mlonga uwu kuluta ku Aberdeen Helicopters mu Freetown na ndege, boti, panji ndege. Kweniso pali ndege zakufumira ku chiŵanja cha ndege kuluta ku misumba yinyake yikuruyikuru ya mu charu ichi. Malo agha ghali na misewu yitali yakujumpha mamita 3,047. Malo ghanyake gha ndege ghali na misewu yambura kujintha, ndipo ghankhondi na ghaŵiri ghali na misewu ya mamita 914 m'paka 1,523 mu utali.
Kufumira mu Malichi 2023, chiŵanja chimoza pera cha vyaru vya pasi pose mu charu ichi chikaŵa na ndege zakuluta ku Istanbul, Paris, Brussels na misumba yikuruyikuru ya ku West Africa.
Mu Seputembala 2014 kukaŵa vigaŵa vinandi ivyo vikakanizgika kwenda nga ni Kailahun, Kenema, Bombali, Tonkolili, na Port Loko chifukwa cha Ebola.
Overview
Mu 2016, ŵanthu pafupifupi 12% mu Sierra Leone ŵakaŵa na magesi. Pa ŵanthu 12 aŵa, 10 ŵakaŵa mu msumba wa Freetown, ndipo ŵanthu 90 awo ŵakakhalako ŵakagwiliskiranga ntchito magesi gha 2 peresenti. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakugwiliskira ntchito makuni na malasha kuti ŵasange vyakukhumbikwa zuŵa na zuŵa. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakuti para ŵanakazi na ŵana ŵakumalira nyengo yinandi pa moto uwu, ŵakuŵa na matenda. Kafukufuku munyake uyo wakachitika mu 2012, wakalongosora umo matenda gha nthenda ya kupumura ghakugwilira ntchito pa nyumba. Ŵakasanga kuti pa ŵana awo ŵakagwiliskiranga nchito vyoto vya nkhuni, 64% ŵakaŵa na ARI, ndipo awo ŵakagwiliskiranga nchito vyoto vya makara ŵakaŵa 44%. Kugwiliskira nchito malasha na nkhuni kwapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵaleke kughanaghanira comene vya cilengiwa, cifukwa vyose vikuyana yayi na umo ŵanthu ŵakughanaghanira vya kusanga nkhongono zakukwana. Pa cifukwa ici, ŵanthu ŵakususkana comene na awo ŵakupeleka wovwiri na mawupu gha boma nga ni Unduna wa vya Magesi na Maji na Dipatimenti ya Vipinda. Ŵanthu ŵakukhumba kuti nkhongono ya dazi na nkhongono ya maji viŵe vyakukhumbikwa chomene ku Sierra Leone chifukwa cha vilato vya Wupu wa United Nations pa nkhani ya vyamunthazi. Pakuti ku Sierra Leone kuli mphepo yakotcha, vula yikuru yikulokwa chaka chilichose, kweniso kuli milonga yinandi, nchiwemi kuti ŵanthu ŵagwiliskirenge nchito nkhongono za dazi na za maji.
Solar energy
Sierra Leone pamoza na Dipatimenti ya vya Vyakusazgirako Vyaru ya ku UK (DFID), ŵali na cilato cakuti mu 2025, ŵanthu wose ŵa mu caru ici ŵazakaŵe na magesi gha dazi. Chilato chikuru ichi chagaŵika mu vigaŵa vichoko. Cakwamba nchakuti mu 2016, nyumba 50,000 zizakapike nkhongono ya dazi. Caciŵiri, kuzakapeleka nkhongono ya dazi ku nyumba 250,000 mu 2017, ndipo caumaliro kuzakapeleka nkhongono ya dazi ku ŵanthu 1,000,000 mu 2020. Ndondomeko iyi yikukolerana na ndondomeko ya Energy Africa Access Campaign iyo yikukhumba kupeleka magesi ku vyaru 14 vya mu Africa m'paka mu 2030. Pambere ndondomeko iyi yindakhazikiskike, boma la Sierra Leone likaŵa na nkhongono yichoko pa nkhani ya magesi gha dazi. Chifukwa chimoza ntchakuti ŵakaŵavya malango ghakwendeskera vinthu. Kuti viwovwire kukwaniska chilato cha Energy Africa, charu cha Sierra Leone chazomera kuwuskapo msonkho pa vinthu ivyo vikupangika na nkhongono ya dazi. Kusintha uku kukovwira kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku vyaru vinyake ŵagwiliskirenge ntchito nkhongono ya dazi. Ŵakuwona kuti para palije msonkho na misonkho, mtengo wa vinthu vya zuŵa ungakhira na 30 panji 40 peresenti.
Hydroelectric power
Mu 2012, Sierra Leone wakaŵa na magesi ghakukwana 3. Yachiŵiri ni ya Dodo iyo yili mu chigaŵa cha kumafumiro gha dazi, ndipo yaumaliro ni ya Bumbuna. Kweniso pali vyalo vinandi ivyo vingazenga magesi pa mlonga wa Sewa, Pampana, Seli, Moa, na Little Scarcies. Pa milimo yose iyi, iyo yili kumalizgika na iyo yikwenera kucitika, damu la Bumbuna ndilo lichali likuru comene pa maofesi gha maji mu Sierra Leone. Malo agha ghali pafupi na Mlonga wa Seli na Freetown, ndipo ghakupanga magesi pafupifupi 50 megawati. Mu 2017, ŵakakhumbanga kusazgirako nkhongono ya sitima iyi kufika pa ma megawati 400. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakughanaghana kuti chiziŵa cha Bumbuna chingachepeska ndalama izo ŵanthu ŵakugwiliskira ntchito pakugura mafuta kufuma ku vyaru vinyake. Kale, nchito iyi yikapokera ndalama zakujumpha madola 200 miliyoni kufuma ku Banki ya Caru Cose, Banki ya vya Vyakusazgirako ya ku Africa, na kampani ya ku Italy yakucemeka Salini Impregilo.
Ŵanthu
Cingelezi ni ciyowoyero ca boma, ndipo cikuyowoyeka mu masukulu, mu boma na mu vyakupharazga. Chiyowoyero cha Krio (chakufuma ku Chingelezi na viyowoyero vinyake vya ku Africa, kweniso chiyowoyero cha ŵanthu ŵa ku Sierra Leone) ndicho chikuyowoyeka chomene mu vigaŵa vyose vya Sierra Leone. Pakuti chiyowoyero cha Krio chikayowoyeka na ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 90 peresenti, chikovwira kuti ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yose ŵakoleranenge.
Pamanyuma pa wovwiri wa gulu la United Nations Peacekeeping Force la ku Bangladesh mu Nkhondo ya ku Sierra Leone, boma la Ahmad Tejan Kabbah likati chibengali ni chiyowoyero chakuzirwa mu Disembala 2002.
Ŵanthu awo ŵali mu misumba yikuruyikuru yinkhondi ŵali kupendeka mu 2004. Chiŵelengero cha Freetown chikulongora chigaŵa cha Western Urban Area (Greater Freetown). Viŵelengero vinyake ni ivyo vyafuma ku ŵanthu awo ŵakuzunulika. Ŵanthu ŵakuyowoya vyakupambanapambana. Ŵanyake ŵakuti Magburaka wakwenera kuŵikika pa ndondomeko iyi, kweni pali mphambano yikuru pakati pa mabuku agha. Buku linyake likuti ŵanthu aŵa ŵalipo 14,915, apo linyake likuti ŵalipo 85,313. "Pandebu-Tokpombu" panji ni tawuni ya Torgbonbu, iyo yikaŵa na ŵanthu 10,716 pa kalembera wa 2004. Mu tawuni iyi mukaŵa ŵanthu 12,139. Kuyana na kalembera wa mu 2004, mu tawuni ya Waterloo mukaŵa ŵanthu 34,079.
Chisopo
Ku Sierra Leone kulije visopa. Chisilamu na Chikhristu ni visopa vikuruvikuru mu caru ici. Dango la Sierra Leone likuti ŵanthu ŵaŵenge na wanangwa wakusopa, ndipo boma likuwuvikilira. Boma la Sierra Leone likukanizgika na dango kwamba chisopa cha boma, nangauli ŵanthu ŵa chisopa cha Chisilamu na Chikhristu ŵakutemwa kulomba pa nyengo ya viphikiro vikuruvikuru vya ndyali.
Ŵanthu ŵa visopa vyakupambanapambana mu Sierra Leone, nangauli Ŵasilamu ndiwo ŵanandi. Ku Sierra Leone, ŵanthu 77% mbasilamu, 22% Mbakhristu, ndipo 1% ŵakusopa chisopa cha ku Africa.
Charu cha Sierra Leone chili na ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakutemwa kusopa. Maholide ghanandi gha Cisilamu na Cikhristu ni maholide gha caru, ndipo nkhondo za cisopa zikucitika viŵi yayi.
Ku Sierra Leone kuli wupu wa Inter-Religious Council, uwo uli na ŵalongozgi ŵa visopa vya Chikhristu na Chisilamu, ndipo ukovwira kuti mu charu chose muŵe mtende. Maholide gha Chisilamu gha Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha na Maulid-un-Nabi (Zuŵa lakubabikira nchimi ya Chisilamu Muhammad) ghakuwoneka nga ni maholide gha chalo mu Sierra Leone. Maholide gha Chikhristu gha Khisimasi, Boxing Day, Good Friday na Easter nagho ni maholide gha charu cha Sierra Leone. Pa nkhani za ndyali, ŵanthu ŵanandi ku Sierra Leone ŵakuvotera munthu munyake, kwali ni Muslamu panji Mkhristu. Ŵalongozgi wose ŵa boma la Sierra Leone ŵakaŵa Ŵakristu padera pa Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, uyo wakaŵa Musilamu.
Ŵasilamu ŵanandi ŵa ku Sierra Leone ŵakulondezga chisopa cha Sunni. Masisiteri ghanandi na masukulu gha Cisilamu mu Sierra Leone ghali na visopa vya Cisilamu. Ŵasilamu ŵa Ahmadiyya ŵalipo pafupifupi 10 peresenti. Mu Sierra Leone muli ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa chisopa cha Ahmadiyya, chomenechomene mu tawuni ya Bo, iyo yili kumwera kwa charu ichi. Mu Sierra Leone mose muli masisiteri 500 gha Ahmadiyya. Mu Sierra Leone mulije chisopa cha Chishiya, ndipo mu charu ichi mulije Ŵasilamu. Ŵasilamu ŵanandi ŵa ku Sierra Leone ŵa chisopa cha Sunni na Ahmadiyya ŵakulombera lumoza mu mzikiti umoza. Ŵasilamu ŵanandi ku Sierra Leone ŵakulondezga chisopa cha Maliki. Sukulu ya Maliki ndiyo yikuluska mu vyaru vyose vya Sierra Leone. Ŵasilamu ŵanandi ŵa Ahmadiyya mu Sierra Leone ŵakulondezga fundo za Maliki.
Wupu wa Islamic Supreme Council wa Sierra Leone ni wupu wa chisopa cha Chisilamu ku Sierra Leone. Sheikh Muhammad Taha Jalloh ni purezidenti wa Supreme Islamic Council ya Sierra Leone. Wupu wa United Council of Imams, ni wupu wa cisopa wa Islamic mu Sierra Leone, uwo uli na ŵaliska wose ŵa masisiteri mu Sierra Leone. Mulongozgi wa United Council of Imam ni Sheikh Alhaji Muhammad Habib Sheriff. Masisiteri ghaŵiri ghakuru chomene mu Sierra Leone ni Freetown Central Mosque na Gaddafi Central Mosque (ghakazengeka na Muammar Gaddafi), ghose ghali mu msumba wa Freetown.
Ŵakhristu ŵanandi ŵa ku Sierra Leone Mbaprotesitanti, ndipo ŵa mpingo wa Wesleyan ndiwo mbanandi comene. Matchalitchi ghanyake gha Cikhristu gha Ciphwitikizi agho ghalipo comene mu caru ici ni Presbyterians, Baptists, Seventh-day Adventists Anglicans, Lutherans, na Pentecostals. Wupu wa Council of Churches ni wupu wa cisopa wa Cikhristu uwo uli na matchalitchi gha Ciphwitikizi mu Sierra Leone. Sonosono apa, matchalitchi gha Pentekoste ghakusazgikira, comenecomene mu Freetown.
Mu Seputembala 2017, muliska Wachikhristu wa ku Sierra Leone wakuchemeka Victor Ajisafe wakakakika na ŵapolisi ŵa ku Sierra Leone ndipo ŵakamujalira mu jele pamanyuma pakuti wakayowoya mazgu ghakwimikana na Chisilamu na Ŵasilamu ŵa ku Sierra Leone. Ajisafe wakwenera kuti wakakwiya comene cifukwa Mufti Menk, muliska wa cisopa ca Ciislamu wa ku Zimbabwe, wakaluta ku Sierra Leone na kupharazga ku ŵanthu ŵanandi. Magulu ghanandi gha Chikhristu mu Sierra Leone, kusazgapo Wupu wa Matchalitchi, ghakakanizga nkhani ya Ajisafe yakususkana na Chisilamu na Ŵasilamu. Boma la Sierra Leone likajara tchalitchi la Ajisafe ndipo likalekeskaso kusopa. Nkhani iyi yikapangiska kuti mu Sierra Leone muŵe masuzgo gha visopa, chifukwa ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Sierra Leone awo Mbasilamu, ŵakakhumbanga kuti Ajisafe wawelere ku Nigeria. Muliska uyu apo wakaŵa mu jele wakaphepiska ku Ŵasilamu ŵa ku Sierra Leone na ku boma la Sierra Leone. Wakati wakhala mu jele mazuŵa ghanandi, Ajisafe ŵakamufumiska, ndipo ŵakamuwezgera layisensi ya mpingo wake.
Ŵaprotesitanti awo ŵali mu visopa vinyake ndiwo mbanandi chomene mu Sierra Leone. Ŵanthu ŵanandi awo Mbakhristu ku Sierra Leone mbakatolika. Ŵakaboni ŵa Yehova na ŵa Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ndiwo Mbakhristu ŵakumanyikwa chomene mu Sierra Leone. Mu msumba wa Freetown mukukhala Ŵakhristu ŵa Orthodox.
Ethnic groups
Mu Sierra Leone muli mitundu pafupifupi 16 ndipo yimoza yili na chiyowoyero chake. Yikulu chomene na yakukhora chomene ni Temne, iyo yili na 35.5% ndipo Mende, iyo yili pafupi na 33.2%.
Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Temne mbasilamu, 85%; ndipo Ŵakhristu mbanandi chomene. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Mende nawo mbasilamu pafupifupi 70%, nangauli ŵali na Ŵakhristu ŵanandi chomene.
Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Mende awo ŵakugomezga kuti mbana ŵa mtundu wa Mane, ndiwo ŵakakhalanga mu charu cha Liberia. Ŵakamba kwiza ku Sierra Leone mwakuzika kweniso mwamtende mu vyaka vya m'ma 1800. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakuti Ŵatemne ŵakafuma ku Futa Jallon, uko sono ni Guinea.
Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Limba ndiwo ŵali pa nambara yacitatu pa ŵanthu wose ŵa mu caru ici. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Limba ŵakukhala ku Sierra Leone. Ŵanthu aŵa ŵalije mitheto yakulongora kuti ŵakafuma ku vyaru vinyake, ndipo ŵakugomezga kuti ŵakakhalanga ku Sierra Leone pambere ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe ŵandafike. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Limba ŵakukhala ku Northern Sierra Leone, chomenechomene ku Bombali, Kambia na Koinadugu District. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Limba ŵalipo 60 peresenti Mbakhristu ndipo 40 peresenti Mbasilamu. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Limba ŵakukolerana comene na ŵa ku Temne.
Kufuma waka apo charu cha Sierra Leone chikapokera wanangwa wake, Ŵalimba ŵakulongozga ndyali pamoza na Ŵamende. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Limba ŵakukolerana na chipani cha All People's Congress (APC). Pulezidenti wakwamba na wachiŵiri wa Sierra Leone, Siaka Stevens na Joseph Saidu Momoh, wose ŵakaŵa ŵa fuko la Limba. Alfred Paolo Conteh, uyo wakaŵa nduna ya vya kuvikilira Sierra Leone, ni wa fuko la Limba.
Gulu linyake la ŵanthu ŵachoko chomene ni Ŵafula, awo ŵalipo 3.8%. Ŵanthu aŵa ŵali kufuma ku Fula awo ŵakakhalanga mu chigaŵa cha Fouta Djalon ku Guinea. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Fula ŵalipo 99 peresenti awo Mbasilamu. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa mtundu wa Fula mbazamalonda, ndipo ŵanandi ŵakukhala mu nyumba za ŵanthu ŵakuzirwa. Chifukwa cha malonda ghawo, Ŵafula ŵakusangika pafupifupi mu vigaŵa vyose vya charu ichi.
Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu uwu ni Mandingo (awo ŵakuchemekaso kuti Mandinka). Iwo mbana ŵa ŵamalonda kufuma ku Guinea awo ŵakasamira ku Sierra Leone mu vyaka vya m'ma 1900.
Ŵanyake mwa ŵanthu awo ŵakukhala mu chigaŵa ichi ni Kono, awo ŵakukhala chomene mu chigaŵa cha Kono ku Sierra Leone. Ŵanyake mwa iwo ni Kono, ndipo ŵali kufuma ku Guinea.
Ŵanthu ŵachoko chomene awo ŵali mu gulu la ŵanthu ŵa ku Creole panji Krio (ŵeneawo ni ŵazga ŵa ku Africa, West Indies, na Free African Slaves awo ŵakakhalanga mu Freetown pakati pa 1787 na 1885) ŵali pa ŵanthu pafupifupi 3%.