cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Libya
Ŵalendo awo ŵakugwira nchito
Ntchakusuzga kupima unandi wa ŵanthu awo ŵiza ku Libya cifukwa kanandi pali mphambano pakati pa ciŵerengero ca ŵanthu awo ŵafika ku Libya, na ciŵerengero ca ŵanthu awo ŵafika ku Libya. Pa kalembera wa mu 2006, ŵanthu 359,540 ŵa ku vyaru vinyake ŵakakhalanga mu Libya. Pa ŵanthu aŵa, pafupifupi hafu ŵakaŵa Ŵaeguputo, ndipo ŵalondezgana na ŵanthu ŵa ku Sudan na Palestina. Mu 2011, ŵanthu 768,362 ŵakachimbira ku Libya nga umo IOM yikupimira, pafupifupi 13% ya ŵanthu wose awo ŵakakhalanga mu charu ichi.
Usange tikugwiliskira ntchito mabuku gha ŵanthu awo ŵakasamukira ku vyaru vinyake pambere nkhondo yindambe, mbwenu ofesi ya ku Tripoli ku Egypt yikalemba kuti mu 2009, ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 2 miliyoni ŵakasamukira ku vyaru vinyake. Turkey yikalemba kuti ŵanthu 25,000 ŵakachimbira mu charu ichi mu 2011. Chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu awo ŵakasamukira ku Asia pambere nkhondo iyi yindachitike chikajumpha waka 100,000 (60,000 ŵakaŵa ŵa ku Bangladesh, 20,000 ŵakaŵa ŵa ku Philippines, 18,000 ŵakaŵa ŵa ku India, 10,000 ŵakaŵa ŵa ku Pakistan, kweniso Ŵachinayi, Ŵakoreni, Ŵaviyetinamu, Ŵachi Thai, na ŵantchito ŵanyake). Ivi vikulongora kuti ŵanthu awo ŵakasamukira ku vyaru vinyake ŵakaŵa pafupifupi 40 peresenti pambere ivi vindachitike.
Ŵanthu ŵa ku Libya awo ŵakukhala mu charu ichi ŵakuchemeka kuti Ŵaarabu-Berbers kweniso ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yakupambanapambana awo ŵakusamukira ku vyaru vinyake.
Viyowoyelo
Kuyana na CIA, ciyowoyero ca boma ca ku Libya ni Ciarabu. Ŵanthu ŵakuyowoya Chiarabu cha ku Libya pamoza na Chiarabu cha mazuŵa ghano. Ŵanthu ŵakayowoyanga viyowoyero vyakupambanapambana nga ni Tamasheq, Ghadamis, Nafusi, Suknah na Awjilah. Wupu wa Libiya wa Amazigh (LAHC) wapharazga kuti chiyowoyero cha Amazigh (Berber panji Tamazight) ntchakuzomerezgeka mu misumba na vigaŵa ivyo ŵanthu ŵa ku Libya ŵakukhala. Kweniso ŵanthu ŵanandi mu misumba yikuruyikuru ŵakuyowoya Chingelezi, ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Italy ŵakuyowoya Chiitaliya.
Chisopo
Pafupifupi 97% ya ŵanthu ŵa ku Libya Mbasilamu, ndipo ŵanandi mwa iwo Mba Sunni. Ŵasilamu ŵachoko waka ŵa ku Ibadi ndiwo ŵakukhala mu charu ichi.
Pambere vyaka vya m'ma 1930 vindafike, gulu la Sunni Sufi la ku Senussi ndilo likaŵa lakwamba ku Libya. Ici cikaŵa ciwuka ca cisopa ico cikaŵa cakukolerana na umoyo wa mu mapopa. Malo agha ghakaŵa ku Tripolitania na Fezzan, kweni ku Cyrenaica ndiko ŵanthu ŵa ku Senussi ŵakakhalanga chomene. Pakuwombora cigaŵa ici ku vivulupi, gulu la Senussi likawovwira ŵanthu ŵa ku Cyrenaika kuti ŵaŵe ŵakukolerana na kusopa. Paumaliro, gulu la Cisilamu ili likaparanyika cifukwa ca kuwukira kwa Italy. Mubali Gaddafi wakayowoya kuti wakaŵa Musulumani wakutemwa kusopa, ndipo boma lake likawovwiranga mu vyaru vinyake vya Chisilamu.
Lipoti la 2004 la International Religious Freedom Report likati "ŵabishopu, ŵasembe, na masisiteri ŵakuvwara malaya gha cisopa mwakufwatuka pa wumba ndipo ŵakususkana yayi na boma". Lipoti ili likayowoyaso kuti ŵanthu ŵa visopa vichoko waka ŵakati "ŵakuyuzgika yayi na boma panji Ŵasilamu chifukwa cha ivyo ŵakusopa". Wupu wa International Christian Concern ukuzunura yayi Libya kuŵa caru ico "Ŵakristu ŵakutambuzgika panji kusankhika comene".
Kufuma waka apo Gaddafi wakathereskekera, visopa vinyake vya Cisilamu vyamba kuwusa. Derna ku Libya kumafumiro gha dazi, malo agho ghakaŵa na maghanoghano gha jihadist, ghakaŵa pasi pa mazaza gha ŵasilikari awo ŵakakolerana na Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant mu 2014. Ŵasilikari ŵa Jihadist ŵambukira ku Sirte na Benghazi, pamoza na vigaŵa vinyake, cifukwa ca Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya ku Libya.
Pambere charu cha Libya chindafume pa mazaza gha boma, chikaŵa na Ŵakhristu ŵakujumpha 140,000. Ŵakhristu ŵanandi ŵakaluta ku Italy panji ku Malta ŵakati ŵafumako ku Italy. Mazuŵa ghano napo, Ŵakhristu ŵa ku vyaru vinyake ŵalipo. Ŵakhristu ŵa Coptic Orthodox, awo ndiwo ŵakulongozga mu Eguputo, ndiwo ni Ŵakhristu ŵanandi chomene mu Libya. Ku Libya kuli Ŵaeguputo ŵakucemeka Copts pafupifupi 60,000. Ku Libya kuli matchalitchi ghatatu gha Coptic, limoza mu Tripoli, limoza mu Benghazi, na limoza mu Misurata.
Mu vyaka vyasonosono apa, tchalitchi la Coptic lakura chomene mu Libya chifukwa cha ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Egypt awo ŵakuluta ku Libya. Ku Libya kuli Ŵakatolika pafupifupi 40,000 awo ŵakuteŵetereka na mabishopu ghaŵiri, limoza ku Tripoli (lakuteŵetera ŵa ku Italy) ndipo linyake ku Benghazi (lakuteŵetera ŵa ku Malta). Mu tawuni ya Tripoli muli mpingo wa Anglican, uwo ŵanthu ŵake ŵanandi mba ku Africa. Ŵanthu ŵakakakika cifukwa ca kukayikira kuti mbapharazgi ŵa Cikhristu, cifukwa kupangiska ŵanthu kuti ŵasopenge ŵanyawo ni kwananga. Ŵakhristu nawo ŵakusuzgika na nkhaza za ŵasilikari ŵa chisopa cha Chisilamu mu vigaŵa vinyake vya charu ichi. Mu Febuluwale 2015, gulu la Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant likafumiska vidiyo iyo yikulongora ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakucheka mitu. Libiya lili pa malo ghachinayi pa Open Doors' 2022 World Watch List, malo ghapachaka gha vyaru 50 apo Ŵakhristu ŵakutambuzgika chomene.
Mu nyengo yakale, mu charu cha Libya mukaŵa Ŵayuda ŵanandi awo ŵakakhalanga ku malo agha. Mu 1942, boma la Italy likakhazikiska misasa yakusuzgirako Ŵayuda kumwera kwa Tripoli, kusazgapo Giado (Ŵayuda pafupifupi 3,000), Gharyan, Jeren, na Tigrinna. Ku Giado Ŵayuda pafupifupi 500 ŵakafwa cifukwa ca kupeleŵera nkhongono, njara, na matenda. Mu 1942, Ŵayuda awo ŵakaŵa mu misasa yakusuzgirako ŵanthu ŵakakanizgika kugwira nchito ndipo ŵanalume wose ŵa vyaka vyapakati pa 18 na 45 ŵakaŵatumanga ku nchito. Mu Ogasiti 1942, Ŵayuda ŵa ku Tripolitania ŵakaŵanjizga mu msasa wa Sidi Azaz. Mu vilimika vitatu kufuma mu Novembala 1945, Ŵayuda ŵakujumpha 140 ŵakakomeka, ndipo ŵanyake ŵanandi ŵakapwetekeka. Mu 1948, Ŵayuda pafupifupi 38,000 ŵakaŵa kuti ŵachali mu caru ici. Apo charu cha Libya chikamba kujiwusa chekha mu 1951, Ŵayuda ŵanandi ŵakaluta ku vyaru vinyake.
Mwambo
Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Libya awo ŵakuyowoya Chiarabu ŵakujiwona kuti mba mu gulu la ŵanthu ŵa ku Arabia. Ivi vikakhozga chomene apo gulu la ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yose ya Ciarabu likamba kuthandazgika mu vyaka vya m'ma 1900, ndipo ŵakamba kulamulira mu Libya. Mu nyengo ya muwuso wa Gaddafi, kusambizga panji nanga nkhuyowoya ciyowoyero ici kukaŵa kwakukanizgika. In kusazgapo kukanizga viyowoyero vinyake ivyo kale vikasambizgikanga mu masukulu, ndipo ivi vikupangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Libya ŵaleke kupulikiska Chingelezi. Viyowoyero vyose viŵiri vya Chiarabic na Chiberber, vichali na mazgu ghakufuma ku Chiitaliya, agho ghakasangika pambere nyengo ya Libia Italiana yindambe.
Ŵanthu ŵa ku Libya ŵali na mitheto ya ŵanthu ŵa ku Bedouin awo ŵakayowoyanga Chiarabic. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Libya ŵakujiyaniska na zina la mbumba ilo lili kufuma ku fuko linyake.
Chifukwa chakuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Libya ŵakutemwa kupokelera ŵalendo, charu cha Libya chili pakati pa vyaru 20 ivyo vikutemwa kupokelera ŵalendo. Kuyana na CAF, mu mwezi umoza, pafupifupi vigaŵa vitatu pa vigaŵa vinayi (72%) vya ŵanthu wose ŵa ku Libya ŵakawovwira munthu uyo ŵakamumanyanga yayi.
Pali malo gha viwoneskero gha viwoneskero gha viwoneskero vichoko waka cifukwa ca nthambuzgo izo zikaŵako kwa vyaka vinandi mu muwuso wa Gaddafi ndiposo cifukwa ca kupeleŵera kwa vinthu vyakuthupi. Kwa vyaka vinandi, kukaŵavya mafilimu gha ŵanthu wose, ndipo ŵakaŵapo ŵachoko waka awo ŵakawoneleranga mafilimu gha caru cinyake. Maluso gha ŵanthu ghacali ghamoyo, ndipo magulu agha ghakucita sumu na kuvina pa viphikiro ivyo vikucitika kanandi waka mu Libya na vyaru vinyake.
Mapulogiramu ghanandi gha pa wayilesi ya ku Libya ghakulongosora vya ndyali, nkhani za Cisilamu, na vinthu vinyake vya cikaya. Mapulogiramu ghanandi gha pa TV ghakulongora sumu za ku Libya. Sumu na kuvina vya ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Tuareg vikumanyikwa chomene ku Ghadames na kumwera. Mapulogiramu gha pa wayilesi ya ku Libya ghakupharazgika comene mu Ciarabu, kweni kanandi ghakupharazga mu Cingelezi na Cifurenci. Kafukufuku uyo wakachitika mu 1996 na komiti yakuvikilira ŵapharazgi wakalongora kuti mu nyengo ya muwuso wa ŵasilikari ŵa boma la Libya, ŵapharazgi ŵa ku Libya ndiwo ŵakendeskekanga comene mu vyaru vya maarabu. Mu 2012, masiteshoni ghanandi gha TV ghakamba kwimba chifukwa cha kukanizgika kwa censorship na boma lakale na kwamba kwa "free media".
Ku Tripoli, msumba ukuru wa Libya, kuli malo ghanandi ghakusungirako vinthu vyakale. Vinyake mwa vinthu ivi ni Layibulare ya Boma, Layibulare ya Ŵanthu, Layibulare ya Vyakubisika, Layibulare ya Charu Chose, Layibulare ya Vyakubisika, na Layibulare ya Chisilamu. Nyumba Yakusungiramo Vinthu Vyakutowa iyo yili mu msumba wa msumba uwu, kufupi na mumphepete mwa nyanja, ndipo yili pakati pa msumba uwu, yikazengeka na UNESCO.
Kuphika
Vyakurya vya ku Libya ni vyakupambanapambana. Mu vigaŵa vya kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Libya, ŵanthu ŵakutemwa kurya makaroni, kweni kumafumiro gha dazi, ŵanthu ŵakutemwa chomene mpunga.
Vyakurya vya ku Libya vikusazgapo vyakurya vyakupambanapambana vya makaroni vyakunozgeka na msuzi wa tomato (vyakuyana waka na vyakurya vya ku Italy vya Sugo all'arrabbiata); mpunga, uwo kanandi ukupelekeka pamoza na nyama ya mberere panji nkhuku (kanandi wakuphika, wakuphika, wakuphika, panji wakuphika mu msuzi); na couscous, uyo wakuphika na nthukumusi uku wakuphika pa msuzi wa tomato na nyama (iyo nyengo zinyake yikusazgapo makuni ghacourgettes/zucchini na chickpeas), iyo kanandi yikupelekeka pamoza na vigaŵa vya nkhaka, saladi na maolive.
Bazeen, cakurya ico ŵakupanga na ufu wa balere ndipo ŵakupeleka na msuzi wa tomato, kanandi ŵakurya pamoza, ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakurya pamoza, kanandi na mawoko. Cakurya ici kanandi ŵakucipeleka pa ukwati panji pa viphikiro. Asida ni mtundu wa Bazeen wakunowa, wakupangika na ufu utuŵa ndipo wakupelekeka na uchi, ghee panji batala. Nthowa yinyake iyo ŵanthu ŵakutemwa kupelekera Asida ni maji gha olive. Usban ni viŵaro vya nyama ivyo vyavungika na kuŵikamo mpunga na vyakurya vyakunowa. Shurba ni supu yakufuma ku tomato, ndipo kanandi ŵakumwera na tchizi.
Chakurya icho ŵanthu ŵa ku Libya ŵakutemwa kurya ni khubs bi' tun, kung'anamura "chingwa na somba za tuna". Ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakuguliska vyakurya vyakunowa ŵakuphika masangweji agha ndipo ghakusangika mu vyaru vyose vya ku Libya. Malo gha vyakurya gha ku Libya ghangaŵa na vyakurya vya mitundu yose, panji vyakurya vyambura kukhumba vinandi nga ni nyama ya mberere, nkhuku, mphangwe, mbatata, na makaroni. Chifukwa cha kusoŵerwa kwa vinthu vyakukhumbikwa, malo ghanandi ghambura kukura na matawuni ghacoko ghalije vyakurya ndipo malo ghakusungiramo vyakurya ndigho ghangaŵa ghakwamba kusanga vyakurya. Mu caru cose ici, kumwa moŵa ni kwanangwa.
Mu vyakurya vya ku Libya muli vigaŵa vinayi: maolive (na mafuta gha maolive), vikondwelero, vyakurya vyamuminda na mkaka. Vipambi ivi ŵakuviphika, kuviphwanya, na kuvipima na kugwiliskira ntchito pakupanga chingwa, makeke, sopo na bazeen. Ŵakuvuna, ŵakumazga, ndipo ŵakurya nga umo ŵaliri, ŵakuŵapangira syrup, panji ŵakuphika pachoko na kurya pamoza na mkaka. Para ŵamara kurya, ŵanthu ŵa ku Libya ŵakumwa tiyi wakufipa. Kanandi ŵakuwerezgapo kaŵiri (para ŵakumwa tiyi laciŵiri), ndipo para ŵakumwa tiyi lacitatu, ŵakumwa na njere za mathipa panji amondi ghakotcha agho ghakucemeka shay bi'l-luz.
Maseŵera
Mpira wa pasi ni maseŵero ghakumanyikwa comene mu Libya. Mu 1982, charu ichi chikachitiska maseŵera gha African Cup of Nations, ndipo chikaŵa pafupi kufika pa chigaŵa cha FIFA World Cup mu 1986. Chikwata cha chalo ichi chikakhala pachoko chomene kuwina AFCON ya 1982 kweni chikataya ku Ghana pa penalty 7 ¢ 6. Mu 2014, charu cha Libya chikathereska Ghana pa mpikisano wa African Nations Championship. Nangauli timu ya charu ichi yindawinepo maseŵero ghakuru panji kuluta ku maseŵero gha pa caru cose, kweni ŵanthu ŵachali kutemwa comene maseŵero agha ndipo maseŵero agha ghakwenda makora comene.
Ku Libya, ŵanthu ŵakutemwa comene kuphalizgana pa kuphalizgana pa mahaci. Ni kaluso ako kakucitika pa viphikiro vinandi.
Nthalika za ChiTumbuka
Izi ni zinthalika za ChiTumbuka
'''1. Mazuwa ndiwo munene? Wey a wang'ombe mphacoko.'''
Kasi mungamanya kupenda mazuŵa? Tsitsi la ng'ombe ni (com?
Ŵanandi ŵakutondeka.
Ni njani wakumanya ivyo vicitikenge munthazi?
2. Nyakawikawika wamusuni wamphatata.
Mwanakazi uyo wakusunga maji gha mbatata.
(NYA ni lizgu lakwamba ilo likuyowoyeka na ŵanakazi pera ndipo kanandi likuyowoyeka na ŵanakazi.
c ((uterine) likung'anamura mama wa. NyaMandere, "mwanakazi uyo wakaŵa nyina wa
Lizgu lakuti Mandere, likuyowoyeka pakuyowoya za mwanakazi na mwanakazi.
Zina lakwamba likuŵa la mwanakazi waliyose mulara.
wanyina, wanyoko, uoanyinawo, 'his,
Ŵawukirano ŵinu, amama ŵawo.')
3. Pilipita wakawuka na mulomo.
Para mukulimbana na ŵanthu, ŵana ndiwo ŵakuŵa milomo yinu.
Para mukuyowoya mwaluso, mungamovwira chomene.
Para ŵali na vinandi vyakuti ŵacite, ŵana aŵa ŵakuŵawovwira. (Kasi Takara ni mfumu wake wakale?
Mawoko ghanandi ghakupangiska kuti ntchito yiŵe yipusu.
5. Kanalume nkha mnjiri, kumucembo kakunjilira matako.
Mwanalume wacikanga wali nga ni nkhumba, wakunjira mu mbuna kunthazi?
Ŵanandi mwa iwo ŵakulimbana na ŵalwani ŵawo.
Munthu uyo wakuchita milimo yiheni ndiyo wakuŵa wakwenelera.
6. Musambazi nichowe, wana mphande pasingo.
Nanga ni mphumphi yikuwoneka kuti njakusambazi cifukwa yikuvwara munjilira wakutowa.
Wakamukora pa singo. (Mphande, chikhomo chozungulira choyera,
Ŵakaŵanga ŵakuzirwa comene.
Wakagwiliskiranga nchito munthu munyake muwemi.
Tielt
Tielt ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha West Flanders mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Copperbelt
Chigaŵa cha Copperbelt (Cinture du cuivre) ni chigaŵa cha ku Central Africa icho chili pa mphaka pakati pa kumpoto kwa Zambia na kumwera kwa Democratic Republic of Congo. Malo agha ghakumanyikwa na migodi ya mkuwa.
Kanandi lizgu lakuti Copperbelt likusazgapo vigaŵa vya migodi mu chigaŵa cha Copperbelt mu Zambia (mwakudumura matawuni gha Ndola, Kitwe, Chingola, Luanshya, na Mufulira) na vigaŵa vya Haut-Katanga na Lualaba mu Congo (mwakudumura Lubumbashi, Kolwezi, na Likasi). Chigaŵa ichi chili kufuma ku Katanga Supergroup, chigaŵa icho chili mu nyengo ya Neoproterozoic.
Mu vigaŵa vinyake, lizgu lakuti Copperbelt likung'anamura charu cha Congo yayi. Chigaŵa cha Copperbelt ku Zambia chikazgoka chigaŵa mwaluŵiro pamanyuma pakuti charu chazakaŵa na wanangwa mu 1964, apo chikachemekanga "chigaŵa cha kumanjiliro gha dazi". Mu 1969, pulezidenti Kenneth Kaunda wakasintha zina la chigaŵa ichi kuŵa "Copperbelt province". Kufuma waka apo ŵanthu ŵa ku Bantu ŵakambukira mu vyaru vinyake, chigaŵa cha Katanga ku Congo na Copperbelt ku Zambia, ŵakavichemanga kuti "Ilamba" panji "Lambaland". Vigaŵa vyose viŵiri ni vyakuzura na visomba.
Mbili yakwambilila
Malo agha ghakaŵavya ŵanthu pambere ŵanthu ŵa Lamba ŵandafike. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Lamba ŵakakhazikika pa Nyanja ya Kashiba, ndipo kufuma kura ufumu wa Lamba ukathandazgikira kumafumiro gha dazi, kumpoto, kumwera na kumanjiliro gha dazi.
Mbili yose mwakudumula
Munthu munyake wa ku America, Frederick Russell Burnham ndiyo wakabowozga mkuwa ku Zambia. Mu 1895, wakadangilira gulu la Northern Territories (BSA) Exploration Co. ilo likasanga kuti mu Central Africa mukaŵa mkuŵa unandi. Pa mlonga wa Kafue mu caru ico panyengo iyo cikacemekanga Northern Rhodesia, Burnham wakawona kuti malo agha ghakupambana comene na malo agho wakagwirapo nchito ya mkuŵa ku United States. Mu lipoti lake ku British South Africa Company, Burnham wakati:
"Pa mtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi 200 kumpoto kwa maji gha Incalla, na makilomita 12 kufuma ku Kafukwe [uyo sono ni Mlonga wa Kafue] ndipo wachali pa malo ghapachanya, panyake pakaŵa malo ghakuru chomene gha mkuŵa pa caru ici. Ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha ŵakagwiranga nchito iyi kwa nyengo yitali comene, nga ni umo vikuwonekera mu malo ghawo ghakale, ndipo ŵacali kugwira nchito mpaka lero. Munda uwu ngwapacanya comene, ndipo ukufika m'paka ku Katanga... Ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu chigaŵa ichi ŵakaŵa ŵantchito ŵaluso, ndipo ŵakaguliskanga vinthu vyawo na ŵanthu wose, nanga ni Ŵapwitikizi ŵa ku West Coast na Ŵaarabu ŵa ku East. Ŵanthu aŵa ŵakaŵa ŵakulima migodi na ŵantchito ŵa mkuŵa na chisulo, ndipo ŵakakhalanga mu malo ghambura kusunkhunyika."
"Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakukhumba kuti mkuŵa uŵe chinthu chakuzirwa chomene mu charu.... Migodi ya mkuwa ya ku Montana na Arizona yikalongora kuti njakuzirwa comene kuluska migodi ya golide, nangauli migodi iyi yikeneranga kwenda mtunda wa makilomita 2,000 pa njanji kuluta ku nyanja. Pa cifukwa ca masuzgo gha cilengiwa, malo agha gha kumpoto ghangagwiliskirika nchito kufuma ku malo gha khola gha mu Dambo la Zambezi [Burnham wakaŵa kuti wasanga kale malo ghakuru gha khola ku Hwange], ndipo vyakurya ivyo vikutumizgika ku East Coast ni vyakudura comene kuluska ivyo vikufuma ku Montana na Arizona."
Pakati pajumpha vyaka vinandi, kampani ya British South Africa Company yikazenga matawuni mumphepete mwa mlonga uwu.
Mu ma 1950, Copperbelt ndiyo yikaŵa malo ghakuru chomene pa caru cose ghakupangirako mkuŵa, kusazgapo Roan Antelope Mine, Nkana Mine, Nchanga Mines, Mufulira Mine, na Rokana Mine. Chalcopyrite, bornite, na chalcocite vikusangika mu viswaswa vya calcareous na arkoses vya Lower Roan Formation mu Katanga System.
Gulu la Katanga
Katanga Supergroup ni gulu la vinthu vya mu nyengo ya Neoproterozoic ivyo vikusangika ku Central Africa. Malo agha ghakumanyikwa chomene chifukwa cha usambazi wa mkuwa na cobalt. Vinthu vinandi vya Roan Group vya supergroup vikuwoneka mu chigaŵa cha Katanga cha kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Democratic Republic of Congo uko kuli migodi ya mkuwa.
Katanga Supergroup yikukolerana na malibwe gha Makuti Group mu vigaŵa vinyake vya Democratic Republic of Congo.
Waregem
Waregem ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha West Flanders mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Torhout
Torhout ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha West Flanders mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Veurne
Veurne ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha West Flanders mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Euridse Jeque
Euridse Jeque ngwakwimba mwanakazi wakufumila mu charu cha Mozambique. Yimoza mwa nyimbo yake ni Rival Brega.
UThukela
UThukela ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UThukela District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Cornfields, KwaZulu Natala
Cornfields, KwaZulu Natala ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UThukela District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Hollywoodbets
Hollywoodbets ni kampani yakuchitiska maseŵero ya ku South Africa. Kweniso yikucemekaso kuti Hollywood Sportsbook. Pasono likugwira ntchito mu vyaru vya South Africa, Mozambique, Ireland na United Kingdom. Kampani iyi yikupanga ma bets pa webusayiti yake, mobisite, call center, na USSD. Lili na maofesi gha ku South Africa na Mozambique.
Hollywoodbets yikupeleka maubet pa maseŵero gha mahachi, bola, cricket, rugby, tenisi, maseŵero gha magalimoto na vinyake. Hollywoodbets yikupereka ma lucky numbers ghakujumpha 1775 pa sabata kuti munthu waguliskepo ndalama. Vinthu vinyake ivyo ŵakuguliska ni Betgames Africa, Ezugi, Evolution, Live Instant Win, Jika Sports, Golden Race, na Spina Zonke.
Hollywoodbets yikaŵa na malo gha nambara 8 pa chigaŵa cha Top 50 Gaming Sites Worldwide icho chikalembeka na iGaming Business Magazine mu Malichi 2019.
Viyowoyero
Zina lakuti Hollywoodbets likafuma ku Hollywood Park Racetrack ku Los Angeles, USA.
Winterton, KwaZulu Natal
Winterton, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UThukela District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Hollywoodbets
Mbiri
Hollywoodbets yikanjira mu vyakusungirako mabuku apo yikajura ofesi yake yakwamba ku Argyle Road, Durban mu 2000. Pamasinda, ofesi yikuru ya munthavi ya Hollywood Park yikajulika mu Springfield Park, Durban.
Charu
Pasono Hollywoodbets yikugwira nchito mu vyaru vinayi. Ku South Africa, Mozambique, Ireland, na United Kingdom.
Hollywoodbets yikugwira ntchito mu malo gha 96 mu South Africa pasi pa malaisensi gha maseŵero agho ghapelekeka na boma la Gauteng, Western Cape, Eastern Cape, Free State, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, na KwaZulu-Natal.
Pasono pali maofesi ghaŵiri gha Hollywoodbets ku Maputo, Mozambique; kweniso malo gha pa foni agho munthu wangabetapo.
Mu Novembala 2018, Hollywoodbets yikamba kugwiliskira ntchito webusayiti yake ku Ireland. Mu Malichi 2019, kampani iyi yikamba kugwiliskira ntchito webusayiti yake ku United Kingdom. Ŵakaŵa na layisensi yakuchitira njuga iyo yikafuma ku UK Gambling.
Kupeleka vyawanangwa
Kampani iyi ndiyo yikupwelelera timu ya Hollywoodbets Dolphins. Ŵakamba kuŵa ŵabwana ŵa timu iyi mu nyengo ya 2015/16, Pambere ŵandaŵe ŵalaŵiliri mu nyengo ya 2016/17.
Hollywoodbets yikagwiriska nchito ya kuzenga timu za KwaZulu-Natal Coastal na KwaZulu-Natal Inland ku Africa T20 Cup 2017. Hollywoodbets KZN Inland yikalutizga kuwina chiphalizgano ichi, pamanyuma pakuthereska boma la Free State mu chiphalizgano chaumaliro. Pakwamba kwa nyengo ya cricket ya 2018/19, Hollywoodbets yikajipeleka kuti yikovwire timu ya KwaZulu-Natal Coastal na KwaZulu-Natal Inland senior provincial teams pa nyengo yose ya nyengo iyi.
Hollywoodbets yikaŵa na udindo wakupeleka ndalama za Murray Cup mu 2018. Ichi ni chiphalizgano cha rugby icho chikusazgapo mabungwe gha ku KwaZulu-Natal Rugby Union.
Hollywoodbets adakhala othandizira mutu wa Phaka rugby show pa SuperSport (South African TV channel) mu February 2019. Ubwezi uphya wa Hollywoodbets na seŵero ili uzamutovwira kovwira magulu gha rugby agho ghakukhumbikwira wovwiri na vinthu vinyake kuti ghasambizge makora ŵaseŵero ŵawo.
Hollywoodbets ndiyo yikapweleleranga chiphalizgano cha 2019 COSAFA Cup, icho chikachitikira ku Durban kwambira pa 25 May mpaka 8 June 2019.
Pa Chinkhondi, Juni 27, 2019, Hollywoodbets yikapharazgika kuti ndiyo yikwimira wanangwa wa kupika mazina gha malo gha Greyville Racecourse na Scottsville Racecourse mu phangano la vyaka vitatu. Malo agha sono ghazamumanyikwa kuti Hollywoodbets Greyville Racecourse na Hollywoodbets Scottsville Racecourse.
Mu February 2020, Hollywoodbets wakazgoka mubwezi wa LaLiga ku South Africa. Mgwirizano uwu ukakhwaska chitukuko cha mpira na ntchito za mu chalo mu vigaŵa vyakutalulira vya South Africa, na cilato ca kukhwaska maseŵero agha.
Pa Sabata, 16 Meyi 2021, Hollywoodbets yikapharazgika nga ni mutu wa chipani cha South African Football Association (SAFA) cha SAFA Women's League (National Women's Soccer League), ndipo chiphalizgano ichi chikasinthika zina kuŵa Hollywoodbets Super League. Chizindikiro cha Hollywoodbets chiwonekerenso kutsogolo kwa ma jerseys a magulu onse a nyengo ya 2021/22.
Pa Chisulo, 16 Julayi 2021, Hollywoodbets yikapharazgika nga ni munyamata wakudanga wa Brentford F.C. Kampani ya mpira ya Brentford. Chizindikiro cha Hollywoodbets chidzawonetsedwa kutsogolo kwa nyumba ya kilabu, kuchoka ndi malaya achitatu pa nyengo yonse ya Premier League. Phangano lakwamba likaŵa la vilimika viŵiri.
Mu February 2022, Hollywoodbets yikatora udindo kufuma ku Vodacom pakuŵa mutu wa chiphalizgano cha Durban July Handicap, ndipo yikaŵa chiphalizgano chachitatu mu vyaka 59 ivyo vyajumpha. Ŵakapeleka ndalama zinandi chomene ku ŵanthu awo ŵakachitanga maseŵera agha. Hollywoodbets Durban July yizamuchitika pa Chisulo 2 Julayi 2022.
Mu Juni 2022, wupu wa Council of Southern Africa Football Associations (COSAFA) ukalembeska chiphangano cha chaka chimoza na Hollywoodbets cha COSAFA Cup, COSAFA Women's Championship, COSAFA Women's Champions League na COSAFA Beach Soccer Championship.
Udindo wa Umoyo
Nthambi yiliyose ya Hollywoodbets mu South Africa yikovwira wupu wakovwira ŵanthu, kweniso timu ya maseŵero, nga ni cigaŵa ca pulogiramu yawo ya Social Responsibility Programme, iyo yikumanyikwa kuti Hollywoodbets MyCommunity Programme. Vinyake mwa vinthu ivi ni nyumba za ŵana. Vipinda vya ŵanthu ŵakusuzgika, nyumba za ŵacekuru na masukulu.
Pa magulu gha maseŵero gha pa muzi, pali magulu gha bola, magulu gha cricket, rugby, na maseŵero ghanyake.
Mu Seputembala 2021, a Hollywoodbets adalengeza zakukhazikitsidwa kwa Hollywood Foundation. Wupu wa Hollywood Foundation uzamucita milimo yake nga ni wupu wambura phindu uwo ukucitako milimo yake". Wupu uwu ukugwira nchito pa milimo yakukhwaskana na umoyo wa ŵanthu, masambiro, maseŵero, maluso na mitheto, kweniso ukuŵika ndalama mu makampani ghacoko na ghapakati.
Chakurya
Maofesi gha Hollywood Bunny Bar, agho ghali pasi pa Hollywoodbets, sono ghali na maofesi 8 agho ghali mu vigaŵa vya South Africa nga ni Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape na Western Cape. Maofesi agha ghakumanyikwa na vyakurya vyawo vya Durban, ndipo ghakapokera chawanangwa cha Bunny Chow Best mu 2014 pamanyuma pakutonda Bunny Chow Barometer Challenge 2014.
Ŵamishonale
Mu chaka cha 2016, Jerry Sikhosana uyo wakachitanga maseŵera gha mpira wa Orlando Pirates na Bafana Bafana wakasankhika kuŵa thenga la Hollywoodbets. Mu 2017, Kaizer Chiefs F.C., Mamelodi Sundowns F.C. Mamelodi Sundowns na Brian Baloyi uyo ni msilikari wa Bafana Bafana nawo ŵakanjira mu gulu la Hollywoodbets.
Mu chaka cha 2019, ŵana ŵaŵiri ŵa mpira wa rugby Akona Ndungane na Odwa Ndungane ŵakanjira mu gulu la Hollywoodbets nga mbamishonale ŵa Brand. Awiriwo akugwira nawo ntchito yogwirizana ndi Hollywood ndi pulogalamu ya mpira wa Phaka pa SuperSport (South African TV channel) SuperSport, komanso zoyeserera kudzera ku Ndungane Foundation.
Mu mwezi wa Malichi 2020, Anthony Delpech, uyo wakachitanga maseŵero ghakukhozga njuga ku South Africa, wakaŵa thenga la Hollywoodbets. Ntchito yake yikuru njakuti wawovwire pakulongozga Hollywood Syndicate, gulu la Hollywoodbets ilo likwendeska maseŵera gha mahachi.
Mu mwezi wa Epulero 2020, Mike Procter uyo wakachitanga maseŵera gha cricket wa ku South Africa, wakajibatika ku Hollywoodbets. Ntchito iyi yikachitika pamoza na wupu wa Mike Procter Foundation, kweniso sukulu ya Ottawa Primary School mu Durban, uko Procter wakwendeska pulogiramu ya kusambizga thupi.
Mu chaka cha 2020, msungwana waku South Africa uyo wakuchemeka Nomzamo Mbatha, wakanjira gulu la Hollywoodbets nga ni nthumi ya brand. Hollywoodbets yikugwira nchito pamoza na actress uyu na Lighthouse Foundation yake mu milimo yakupambanapambana ya chitukuko cha chalo na vya ndalama.
Mu February wa 2022, Carol Tshabalala, uyo wakumanyikwa kuti "First Lady of Sport" wa South Africa, wakalemba chikalata kuŵa Brand Ambassador wa Hollywoodbets.
Mphotho
Mu chaka cha 2018 pa mphotho ya Gambling Industry Awards iyo yikachitika ku South Africa, Hollywoodbets yikapokera mphotho ya Best Corporate Social Investment (CSI), Best Sports Betting Campaign for 2018, Best Employer of the Year and Best CEO of the Year (Suren Rampersadh).
Mu 2021, Hollywoodbets yikasoleka kuŵa Brand ya KwaZulu-Natal ya Chaka pa Standard Bank KZN Top Business Awards.
Jodoigne
Jodoigne ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Walloon Brabant mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Rookdale, KwaZulu Natal
Rookdale, KwaZulu Natal ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UThukela District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve
Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Walloon Brabant mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Kajana, Buhigwe
Kajana ni msumba mu Boma la Buhigwe, Tanzania.
Vinthu vya ŵanthu
Mu tawuni iyi muli chipatala cha Kajana na sukulu ya pulayimale ya Kajana (Shule ya Msingi Kajana mu ChiSwahili).
Kafue
Kafue ni tawuni iyo yili mu chigaŵa cha Lusaka mu Zambia ndipo yili kumpoto kwa mlonga wa Kafue, uwo ukuchemeka na zina lake. Ni cigaŵa ca kumwera uko ŵanthu ŵakuluta ku malo gha pakati pa Zambia uko kuli Lusaka na matawuni gha Kabwe na Copperbelt. Lili pa msewu wa T2 (Great North Road).
Malo
Kafue wali ku mphepete mwa mapiri gha granite agho ghali pa mtunda wa mamita 200 ndipo ghakukwana pafupifupi 250 km2. Msumba uwu uli pakati pa mapiri ndipo uli na madambo ghachoko waka. Muzi uwu uli na minda na maluŵaza ghakuru ghakukwana mamita 400, ndipo mu nyengo ya chilangalanga maji agha ghakukwana mamita 300, ndipo mu nyengo ya vula ghakukwana makilomita 1.3.
Vinthu Vyakwendeskeka
Mlonga wa Kafue uli na malo ghakukwana makilomita 50, ndipo ni mtunda wa makilomita 240 kufuma kumafumiro gha dazi kuya kumanjiliro gha dazi. Kafue wali kumafumiro gha dazi kwa malo agho mlonga uwu ukunjira mu Kafue Gorge na kuthira mu Zambezi Escarpment na kunjira mu Zambezi rift valley. Ntheura, malo agha ghali pa malo ghekha agho misewu na njanji vikwendera kufuma kumpoto kuya kumwera. Mlatho wa Kafue Railway Bridge pa mzere wa Lusaka Livingstone uli kumwera kwa tawuni, ndipo Mlatho wa Kafue 9 km kumwera chakumafumiro gha dazi ukutora chigaŵa chimoza cha msewu wa Great North Road kujumpha mu mlonga na kwiza nalo mu tawuni, kufuma apo chikulutilira 50 km kumpoto kwa Lusaka. Ku chigaŵa chinyake, msewu uwu ukufika ku mphaka ya Zimbabwe pa Chirundu Bridge, ndipo msewu ukuru wakuya ku Livingstone, Botswana na Namibia ukufumako kumwera kwa Kafue Bridge.
Mlonga uwu ukugwiliskirika nchito yayi pa malonda. Kumanjiliro gha dazi ni mtunda wambura maji kweniso uli pafupi yayi na malo ghakukhala ŵanthu. Ndipouli, somba izo ŵanthu ŵakulondezga kuti ŵasange vyakukhumbikwa pa umoyo wawo, kweniso somba za pa boti na za maseŵero, zikuchitika pa mtunda wa makilomita 60.
Ŵanthu
Kuyana na census ya 2010 Zambia of Population and Housing, Kafue wali na ŵanthu 219,000 ndipo 108,939 mbalume ndipo 110,061 mbanakazi. Pa ŵanthu ŵa vyaka 15 kuya munthazi, 73.11% Mbaprotesitanti, 11.08% Mbanthu ŵa Visopa Vinyake, ndipo 15.80% Mbambura Chisopa.
Makampani
Kulima na kuloŵa somba ni vyakucita vya mu cigaŵa ici, ndipo kulimilira ku malo ghanyake agho ghali pafupi na Kafue Flats. Ntchito ya ulovi wa malonda, kwali ni yikuru wuli, yikumalira pa kuliska somba. Kafue wali na vigaŵa vikuruvikuru vya mafakitale pakuyaniska na misumba yinandi iyo yili kuwaro kwa chigaŵa cha Copperbelt. Makampani agho ghali mu Kafue ni agha:
Kleinfontein, KwaZulu Natala
Kleinfontein, KwaZulu Natala ni msumba udoko mu boma likulu la UThukela District Municipality, mu chigaŵa chikulu cha KwaZulu Natal, charu cha South Africa.
Genappe
Genappe ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Walloon Brabant mu charu cha Belgium mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Kane Tanaka
Umoyo wa munthu
Tanaka wakababika pa 2 Janyuwale 1903 mu muzi wa Wajiro (sono ni chigaŵa cha Higashi-ku, Fukuoka), pa cirwa ca kumwera kwa Kyushu, mwana wacitatu na waciŵiri wa ŵapapi ŵake, Kumayoshi na Kuma Ota. Kane na mbumba yake ŵakati wakababika pa Disembala 26, 1902 ndipo ŵapapi ŵake ŵakacedwa kufiska lipoti ili kwa sabata yimoza cifukwa cakuti ŵakamanya yayi usange wangaŵa wamoyo cifukwa wakababika nyengo yitali yayi.
Mfumu wa Kane wakacemeka ku usilikari kufuma mu 1937 m'paka mu 1939; yumoza wa ŵana ŵake wakakoleka na ŵasilikari paumaliro wa Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Caru Cose. Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Caru Cose yikati yamara, mbumba iyi yikalutilira kugwira nchito mu sitoro iyi, ndipo Kane wakazgoka Mkhristu. Apo wakaŵa na vyaka 63, Kane wakaluta ku United States mu 1970 kuti wakawone ŵabali ŵake ku California na Colorado. Mfumu wake wakafwa mu 1993 apo wakaŵa na vilimika 90, ŵati ŵakhala mu nthengwa vyaka 71.
Kane wakakhalanga mu nyumba ya ŵacekuru ku Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, kwambira mu Seputembala 2018, ndipo vikayowoyeka kuti wakaŵa wa umoyo uwemi pa zuŵa lake lakubabikira la 118. Tanaka wakeneranga kunyamula nyali ya Olympic pa 2020 Summer Olympics, kweni wakaleka cifukwa ca kwenjerwa na kukwera kwa matenda gha COVID-19 mu Japan. Nyengo zinyake wakaseŵeranga na Othello, ndipo wakendanga mu nyumba ya ŵacekuru. Wakutemwa kulemba na kumazga masamu. Wakaŵa na ŵazukuru ŵankhondi na ŵatatu. Tanaka wakafwira mu chipatala ku Fukuoka, pa 19 Epulero, 2022, mazuŵa ghankhondi na ghatatu pamanyuma pakuti waŵa munthu waciŵiri mulara comene uyo wali kuŵako. Wakafwa pa April 25, 2022. Palije ico cikapangiska kuti wafwe, kweni muzukuru wake wakayowoya kuti wakaŵa mulwari kwamba kuumaliro wa 2021, kuyana na Unduna wa vya Umoyo ku Japan.
Umoyo uwemi
Tanaka wakaŵa na nthenda zinandi, ndipo wakasuzgika na nthenda ya paratyphoid pamoza na mwana wake msungwana wacibali apo wakaŵa na vilimika 35. Apo wakaŵa na vyaka 45, ŵakamuchita opareshoni ya kansa. Mu 2006, apo wakaŵa na vyaka 103, ŵakamusanga na nthenda ya kansa ndipo ŵakamuchita opareshoni. Mwana wake waciŵiri na muwoli wake ŵakawona kuti wakaŵa wamoyo nyengo yitali, ndipo pati pajumpha vilimika vinayi ŵakalemba buku lakuti In Good and Bad Times, 107 Years Old. Wakaŵa na vyaka 114, ndipo wakafumbika na KBC mu Seputembala 2017. Pa 9 March 2019, Tanaka wakapika zina lakuti "Munthu Wakale Chomene pa Charu Chose" na "Mwanakazi Wakale Chomene pa Charu Chose" na Guinness World Records, kulongora kuti wakaŵa na umoyo utali. Pa Seputembala 19, 2020, wakaphwanya mbiri ya munthu wa ku Japan uyo wakakhala vyaka vinandi chomene, kweniso munthu wachitatu mu charu chose, pamanyuma pa Nabi Tajima wa vyaka 117, mazuŵa 260. Pa 10 Epulero, 2022, wakajumpha umoyo wa Sarah Knauss kuŵa munthu waciŵiri mulara comene.
Tanaka wakayowoya kuti wakukhumba kuŵa na umoyo utali m'paka wafike vyaka 120, ndipo wakati chifukwa cha chipulikano chake mwa Ciuta, mbumba, kugona, cigomezgo, kurya cakurya ciwemi, na kusambira masamu, wakakhala umoyo utali. Chifukwa chakuti wakaŵa wamoyo nyengo yitali, pamoza na Jeanne Calment, ŵanthu ŵakamba kuyowoya kuti munthu wangakhala vyaka 115 m'paka 125. Pamanyuma pa nyifwa ya Tanaka, mwanakazi munyake wa ku France, zina lake Lucile Randon, ndiyo wakaŵa munthu mulara comene pa caru cose.
Charu chakale cha South Africa
South African Republic (Dutch: Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek, ZAR; Afrikaans: Suid-Afrikaanse Republiek), iyo yikumanyikwaso na zina lakuti Transvaal Republic, yikaŵa boma la ma Boer ilo likaŵako kufuma mu 1852 m'paka 1902.
Boma la Britain likakolerana kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Boer awo ŵakakhalanga kumpoto kwa Mlonga wa Vaal ŵaŵe ŵakujiyimira ŵekha. Ubwezi wa pakati pa ZAR na Britain ukayamba kunangika pamanyuma pakuti British Cape Colony yikathandazgikira mu vyaru vya kumwera kwa Africa. Nkhondo iyo Boer ŵakathereska yikawovwira kuti ZAR yiŵe yakujiyimira paŵekha. Kweni pamasinda, vinthu vikasintha pakati pa ŵa Anglo na ŵa ZAR. Mu 1899, nkhondo yikambaso pakati pa Britain na ZAR, ndipo ŵasilikari ŵa Britain ŵakawukira. Ŵasilikari ŵanandi ŵa Boer mu ZAR ŵakakana kujipeleka, ntheura mulongozgi wa ŵasilikari ŵa Britain, Lord Kitchener, wakalangura kuti ŵambe kulondezga fundo za kuyuzga ŵanthu. Mu phangano ilo likamara nkhondo, ZAR yikazgoka Transvaal Colony, ndipo pamanyuma yikazgoka South Africa Union. Mu nyengo ya Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Caru Cose, pakaŵa ciyezgo cakuti boma la Spain liŵeso na mazaza mu caru ici.
Chigaŵa icho kale chikachemekanga ZAR sono chili na vigaŵa vyose vya Gauteng, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, na North West, kumpoto kwa charu cha South Africa.
Kwiza kwa zina
Mu 1853, ŵanthu ŵa ku South Africa ŵakazomerezga kuti charu ichi chichemekenge Zuid Afrikaansche Republiek. Mu chaka chenechicho, Volksraad yikasintha zina la boma kuŵa Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek Benoorden de Vaalrivier (South African Republic kumpoto kwa Mlonga wa Vaal). Mu 1858, boma la South Africa likamba kuchemeka Zuid Afrikaansche Republiek. Malo agha ghakachemekangaso kuti Transvaal, kung'anamura chigaŵa icho chili kusirya kwa Mlonga wa Vaal. Ŵanalume ŵa ku Britain ŵakasuska zina lakuti Zuid Afrikaansche Republiek. Pamanyuma pa Nkhondo Yakwamba ya ku Boer, ZAR yikakhwaskika na boma la Britain ndipo mu phangano la Pretoria la pa 3 August 1881, British yikati yikwenera kugwiliskira nchito zina lakuti Transvaal State kuluska Zuid Afrikaansche Republiek. Phangano ili likasinthikaso mu phangano ilo likachitika pakati pa Britain na ZAR, la London Convention la Febuluwale 27, 1884, apo Britain yikazomera ivyo ZAR yikakhumbanga kuti ŵambeso kugwiliskira ntchito zina ili.
Zina lakuti South African Republic likaŵa lakuzirwa comene mwakuti pa Seputembala 1, 1900, ŵa ku Britain ŵakapharazga kuti zina la caru ici lasinthika kufuma ku Zuid Afrikaansche Republiek kuŵa "Transvaal". Phangano ili likapelekeka pa nyengo iyo Britain yikawusanga chigaŵa ichi mu Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya ku Boer.
Kupangika
Charu cha South Africa chikaŵako pa 17 January, 1852, apo ŵa ku Britain ŵakasayina phangano la Sand River Convention na ŵanthu pafupifupi 40,000 ŵa ku Boer.
Pulezidenti wakwamba wa ZAR wakaŵa Marthinus Wessel Pretorius, uyo wakasankhika mu 1857, mwana wa Andries Pretorius, mulongozgi wa ŵa Boer. Msumba uwu ukaŵa wa ku Potchefstroom ndipo pamanyuma ukasamukira ku Pretoria. Nyumba iyi yikachemekanga Volksraad ndipo yikaŵa na ŵanthu 24.
Kupokelereka na Britain
Sir Garnet Wolseley, mulara wa boma la South East Africa, wakapharazga nkhondo ku Sekhukhune. Na ŵasilikari ŵa Britain na ŵasilikari ŵa vyaru vinyake (mwakusazgapo ŵa ku Swaziland awo ŵakakolerana na Burgers), mu 1879 Wolseley wakathereska Sekhukhune na kumujalira mu jele ku Pretoria. Ŵapedi ŵakati ŵafumapo, ŵanthu ŵakaleka kupulikira boma la Britain.
Pa Disembala 13, 1880, ŵimiliri ŵa Volksraad ŵakachemeka ku ungano ku Paardekraal. Ungano uwu ukaŵika mazaza mu mawoko gha ŵanthu ŵatatu: Paul Kruger, Piet Joubert, na Marthinus Wessel Pretorius. Ŵakapharazga kuti Heidelberg ndiyo ni malo ghawo ghakulongozgera boma, ndipo ŵakakwelera ndembera ya Vierkleur pa Disembala 16. Nkhondo iyi yikaŵa kuti yindapharazgike ku ŵasilikari ŵa Britain, ndipo yikamba na kuwukira gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa Britain ku Bronkhorstspruit. Ŵasilikari ŵa boma la Britain ku Transvaal ŵakaŵawukira, kweni ŵasilikari ŵa boma la Republican ŵakaŵawukira.
Kujilamula
ZAR yikamba kujiyimira pawekha pa Febuluwale 27, 1884, apo chikalata cha London Convention chikalembeka. Pamasinda pa nyengo iyi, charu ichi chikachita mapangano na vyaru vinyake. Pa Novembala 3, 1884, charu ichi chikachita phangano na boma la Cape Colony.
Mu Novembala 1859, vigaŵa vya Lijdenburg na Utrecht vikasazgikana na ZAR. Pa Meyi 9, 1887, ŵanthu ŵa mu vigaŵa vya Stellaland na Goosen (ivyo nyengo zinyake vikuchemeka kuti "Goshen") ŵakapika wanangwa wa kuzunura ŵanthu ŵa mu ZAR. Pa Julayi 25, 1895, ŵanthu awo ŵakarwa nkhondo ya Zoutpansberg ŵakapika wanangwa wa kukhala mu charu cha ZAR.
Ndondomeko na malango
Dango la ZAR likaŵa lakukondweska comene pa nyengo yira. Chikaŵa na fundo zakukhwaskana na kugaŵikana kwa ŵalongozgi ŵa ndyali na awo ŵakuteŵetera mu boma. Makhoti ghakaŵa ghapachanya na ghachokoghachoko ndipo ghakaŵa na ŵeruzgi. Ŵapolisi ŵa ku South Africa (Zuid Afrikaansche Republiek Politie panji ZARP) ndiwo ŵakalondezganga malango.
Kweniso pakaŵa boma, khoti la chigaŵa la Witwatersrand, na khoti likuru la Transvaal.
Ŵanthu
Buku la State Almanac la mu 1897 likati ŵanthu wose ŵazungu ŵakaŵa 245,397; ndipo wose ŵafipa ŵakaŵa 622,544.
Chisopa
Pakwamba, boma na tchalitchi vikaŵa vyakupambana yayi; ŵanthu ŵa mu ZAR ŵakeneranga kuŵa mu tchalitchi la Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk, ilo likafumako ku Tchalitchi la Dutch Reformed. Mu 1858, fundo izi zikasinthika mu dango la boma kuti ŵanthu ŵaŵawovwire kuzomerezga matchalitchi ghanyake gha Chikhristu. Mpingo wa Dopper ukazomerezgeka na Volksraad mu 1858, ndipo Paul Kruger, uyo wakaŵa Dopper, wakalutilira kuŵa mwenekaya wa ZAR.
Kanandi Baibolo ndilo ŵakagwiliskiranga nchito pakulongosora ivyo vikalembeka mu malango. Baibolo likagwiraso nchito pakung'anamura phangano la kusinthana ŵakayidi, ilo likacitika kuyana na phangano la Sand River Convention, pakati pa gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa ZAR, lakulongozgeka na Kruger, na gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa Orange Free State. Pulezidenti Jacobus Nicolaas Boshoff wakadumura kuti ŵanthu ŵaŵiri ŵa mu ZAR ŵakomeke cifukwa ca upusikizgi. Kruger wakadumbirana na Pulezidenti Boshoff kuti Baibolo likuti cilango cikung'anamura nyifwa yayi, ndipo pa nyengo ya kusinthana ŵakayidi, ŵakakolerana kuti ŵakayidi ŵalangikenge usange ŵasangika na mulandu. Boshoff wakati waŵazga Baibolo la Mulongozgi wa ŵasilikari Kruger, wakasintha cilango ca ŵanalume aŵa na kuŵatimba na nthonga.
Chikhaze
Ŵanthu ŵa ku ZAR ŵakaŵanga na wanangwa wa kuŵa ŵenekaya wa charu ichi. Munthu wakaŵanga mwenekaya wa charu ichi para wababikira mu charu ichi panji para wazomerezgeka kuŵa mwenekaya. Ŵana ŵakeneranga kuŵa na wanangwa wa kuvota para ŵafika vyaka 16. Ŵanthu awo ŵakababikira mu charu ichi yayi, ŵakaŵanga ŵenekaya ŵa charu ichi para ŵalapa na kupokera makalata ghakulongora kuti mbenecharu. Para munthu walapa, wakuleka kugomezgeka ku boma linyake, kweniso wakuleka kuŵa mweneko wa charu. Dango ilo likaŵako mu 1855 likati ŵazungu pera ndiwo ŵangaŵa ŵenekaya ŵa ZAR na kuŵa na malo. Dango la boma la ZAR likati: "Ŵanthu ŵakukhumba yayi kuti ŵanthu awo mbazungu ŵayanane na awo mbambura kuzungu, kwali ni mu tchalitchi panji mu boma".
Nkhondo ya Witwatersrand yikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku India na ku China ŵanjire mu tawuni ya Johannesburg iyo yikaŵa mu chigaŵa ichi. Dango la nambara 3 likati ŵanthu wose ŵa ku Asia awo ŵakamanyikwanga kuti ni "Coolies, Chinese etc, Arabs, Malays, and Mohammedan subjects of the Turkish dominion" ŵakakanizgikanga kuŵa na katundu, ŵakeneranga kujilembeska ku boma mukati mwa mazuŵa 8 kufuma apo ŵakafikira, ŵakakanizgikanga kukhala mu vigaŵa vinyake ndipo ŵakeneranga kulipira £25 kuti ŵanjire. Ŵamalonda ŵa ku India, awo ŵakacemekanga "Ŵarabu", ŵakasuska dango ili ndipo ŵakapempha boma la Britain kuti liŵavikilire. Mu 1887 boma la Britain likasintha dango la nambara 3 kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Asia ŵaŵe na wanangwa wa kuŵa na katundu wakukhora. Cifukwa cakuti boma la Britain likavikiliranga ŵanthu ŵa ku India, malango ghakwimikana na ŵanthu ŵa ku Asia ghakaŵawovwiranga comene ŵanthu ŵa ku China.
Kuti munthu waŵe mwenekaya wa caru ici, wakeneranga kukhala mu caru ici kwa vilimika viŵiri, kuŵa na nkharo yiwemi, ndiposo kuŵa mu cisopa ca Dutch Reformed. Pa Seputembala 20, 1893, Dango la ZAR likasinthika mwakuti ŵanthu ŵaŵiri pa ŵatatu ŵa Volksraad ŵakeneranga kuzomerezga kusintha dango la wanangwa wa ŵanthu. Phangano ili, nambara 224, likasinthaso Dango nambara 7 pa nkhani ya kuvota.
Ŵanthu wose awo ŵakababikira mu ZAR panji awo ŵakaŵa na wanangwa wa kuvota pambere 23 Juni 1890 yindakwane ŵakaŵa na wanangwa wa kuvota pa mavoti ghaŵiri gha Volksraad kweniso pa mavoti ghanyake ghose. Ŵanthu awo ŵakazomerezgeka kuŵa na wanangwa wa kuvota para pajumpha Juni 23, 1890, ŵakeneranga kuŵa na wanangwa wa kuvota pa maungano ghose, kupaturako maungano gha Volksraad. Ŵanthu wose awo ŵakakhalanga mu charu ichi mu 1890 ŵakaŵa 120,000..
Wankhondo
Nga umo vikaŵira na boma la Orange Free State, ŵasilikari ŵa ZAR ŵakakhalanga mu boma la kommando. Ŵasilikari aŵa ŵakavwaranga yayi yunifomu ndipo ŵakaŵavya mendulo. Mulara wa ŵasilikari wakeneranga kuŵa mulongozgi wa ŵasilikari awo ŵakasankhika na ŵanthu ŵa mu chigaŵa icho ŵakakhalanga. Munthu uyu wakaŵa na mulimo wa kupoka misonkho, kupenda ŵanthu, kusambizga ŵanalume, kuwunjika vilwero, na kukhozga mazaza gha boma pa ŵanthu ŵafipa. Mulara wa ŵasilikari ŵa ZAR wakaŵa mulara wa ŵasilikari uyo wakachitanga milimo ya nkhondo na ya ndyali nga umo ŵakachitiranga ŵasilikari ŵa ku munda. Mulara wa ŵasilikari ndiyo wakachitanga kugura vilwero na vilwero, kuŵika mitengo ya vinthu, na kulongozga malonda gha njovu. Charu cha Transvaal chikaŵa na ndalama zinandi chomene, ndipo njovu yikaŵa yimoza mwa ndalama izo ŵakagwiliskiranga ntchito pa malonda. Gulu la ŵasilikari la ZAR likaŵa Staatsartillerie (State Artillery), ilo mu 1899 likaŵa na ŵanalume 314. Gulu la ŵasilikari la Staatsartillerie likaŵa na vilwero vya mazuŵa ghano vyakuchemeka Krupp ivyo vikafuma ku Germany, ndipo mulara wawo wakaŵa kapitawo wa ŵasilikari ŵa ku Austria, zina lake Adolf Zboril. Ŵasilikari awo ŵakaŵa pafupi comene na ŵasilikari ŵakwenda pasi na ŵa mu mawoko ŵakaŵa ZARP (Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek Politie-South African Republic Police). Mu 1899, gulu la ZAR likaŵa na ŵanalume pafupifupi 30,000 awo ŵakacemeka kuti ŵateŵetere mu magulu gha commando.
Nangauli mu maghanoghano, mwanalume waliyose wa mu cigaŵa ici wangasankhika kuŵa msilikari, kweni ŵanalume awo ŵakasankhika ŵakafumanga mu mbumba zakusambazga, izo zikagwiliskiranga nchito usambazi wawo kuti ziŵe na ŵabwezi awo ŵakaŵawovwiranga. Munthu munyake wakulemba mdauko wa ku South Africa, zina lake Ian van der Waag, wakayowoya kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Boer ŵakaŵa ŵankhongono chomene. Kanandi ŵasilikari aŵa ŵakachitanga nkhondo na ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa kuti ŵatore malo, mino gha zovu, na ŵanthu kuti ŵagaŵire ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵasankhanga. Pa nyengo iyi, ŵanthu ŵakasankhanga ŵasilikari awo ŵakalongozganga magulu gha ŵasilikari chifukwa ŵanthu ŵa mu mbumba yimoza ndiwo ŵakasankhikanga kuŵa ŵasilikari. Mu 1899, apo mulara wa ŵasilikari mu ZAR wakaŵa na vilimika 58, ŵanandi ŵakaŵa na masambiro ghacoko comene. Mu caru ico ŵanthu ŵakazirwiskanga comene ucekuru, munthu wakucindikika comene wakaŵa takhaar, uyo wakaŵa musambazi comene ndipo wakaŵa na sisi litali na mwembe utali. Ŵanandi mwa ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵa ŵasilikari mu 1899 ŵakakolerananga na Pulezidenti Paul Kruger.
Chiyowoyelo
Chiyowoyero icho ŵanthu ŵa mu ZAR ŵakayowoyanga na kulemba chikaŵa chiyowoyero chinyake cha Chidachi. Pa Okutobala 3, 1884, wupu wa Volksraad ukati uli na vifukwa vyakugomezgera kuti mu masukulu ghanyake ŵakugwiliskira ntchito chiyowoyero cha Chidachi. Wupu wa Volksraad ukafumiska dango la nambara 207 ndipo ukachichizga Mulara wa vya masambiro kuti walondezge dango la chiyowoyero icho chikazomerezganga kuyowoya Chidachi pera. Pa Julayi 30, 1888, chiyowoyero cha Chidachi ndicho chikaŵa chiyowoyero cha boma pera, kweniso chikagwiranga ntchito mu khoti, masukulu, malonda, na mu vyaru vinyake. Viyowoyero vinyake vyose vikaŵa vya "ŵalendo".