cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Somalia
Wildlife
Ku Somalia kuli viyuni vya mitundu pafupifupi 727. Pa vyamoyo ivi, vinkhondi na viŵiri ni vyamoyo vya pa caru cose, cimoza ni vyamoyo ivyo ŵanthu ŵakanjizga, ndipo cimoza ni vyamoyo ivyo vikusangika bweka yayi. Pa caru cose pali vyamoyo 14 ivyo vili pangozi. Viyuni ivyo vikusangika mu charu ichi ni nkhunda ya ku Somalia, Alaemon hamertoni (Alaudidae), Lesser Hoopoe-Lark, Heteromirafra archeri (Alaudidae), Archer's Lark, Mirafra ashi, Ash's Bushlark, Mirafra somalica (Alaudidae), Somali Bushlark, Spizocorys obbiensis (Alaudidae), Obbia Lark, Carduelis johannis (Fringillidae), na Warsangli Linnet.
Jakarta
Jakarta ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Indonesia.
Somalia
Wildlife
Malo agha ndigho ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuloŵera somba za mu nyanja nga ni tuna. Pa malo agha pali somba zinandi na vyakumera vinyake. Viyuni vinyake ivyo vikusangika mu charu ichi ni Cirrhitichthys randalli (Cirrhitidae), Symphurus fuscus (Cynoglossidae), Parapercis simulata OC (Pinguipedidae), Cociella somaliensis OC (Platycephalidae), na Pseudochromis melanotus (Pseudochromidae).
Pali vyamoyo pafupifupi 235 vya mitundu yakupambanapambana. Pa ŵanthu aŵa, pafupifupi hafu ŵakukhala kumpoto. Viyuni vinyake ivyo vikukhala mu Somalia ni Hughes' saw-scaled viper, Southern Somali garter snake, racer (Platyceps messanai), diadem snake (Spalerosophis josephscorteccii), the Somali sand boa, the angled worm lizard, a spiny-tailed lizard (Uromastyx macfadyeni), Lanza's agama, a gecko (Hemidactylus granchii), the Somali semaphore gecko, and a sand lizard (Mesalina or Eremias). Njoka yakuchemeka colubrid (Aprosdoketophis andreonei) na njoka yakuchemeka Haacke-Greer's skink (Haackgreerius miopus) ni vyamoyo ivyo vikukhala mu charu ichi.
Ndale na boma
Boma la Somalia ni boma la demokilase. Purezidenti wa Somalia ndiye mutu wa boma ndi mkulu wa asilikali a Somalia ndipo amasankha Prime Minister kuti achite ntchito ngati mutu wa boma.
Nyumba ya Malamulo ya ku Somalia ni nyumba ya mafumu ya chalo cha Somalia. Wupu Wakulongozga uwo uli na nyumba ziŵiri, ni Nyumba ya Wupu Wakulongozga (low house) na Senate (upper house). Nyumba ya malango yikusora pulezidenti, pulezidenti wa nyumba ya malango, na madirector. Kweniso lili na mazaza ghakuzomerezga malango na kuŵika veto.
Boma la Somalia likulongosoreka na Dango lakwamba la boma la Somalia. Pa 1 Ogasiti 2012 wupu wa National Constitutional Assembly ku Mogadishu ndiwo ukalemba chikalata ichi. Likovwira kuti boma la Germany liŵe na mazaza.
Makhoti gha mu vyaru ivi ghali na makhoti ghatatu: Khoti la Malango, makhoti gha boma na gha boma. Wupu wa Judicial Service Commission uwo uli na ŵanthu 9, ndiwo ukusora munthu waliyose wa mu wupu uwu.
Dango la Somalia lili kufuma ku malango ghatatu: malango gha boma, malango gha Chisilamu, na malango gha mitheto.
Pamanyuma pakuti Somalia yabwanganduka mu 1991, pakaŵavya kukolerana pakati pa boma la Somaliland, ilo likati ni caru, na boma la Somalia.
Foreign relations
Boma la Somalia likwendeskeka na pulezidenti uyo ni mulongozgi wa boma, nduna yikuru iyo ni mulongozgi wa boma, ndipo ofesi ya munthavi ya boma ndiyo yikwendeska vinthu vya mu charu ichi. Kuyana na ndime 54 ya dango la chalo, kugaŵikana kwa mazaza na vyakukhumbikwa pakati pa boma la Somalia na vyaru ivyo vili mu boma la Somalia vikudumbiskana na kukolerana na boma la Somalia na vyaru ivyo vili mu boma la Somalia, padera pa nkhani zakukhwaskana na vyaru vya kuwaro, kuvikilira chalo, wanangwa wa ŵanthu ŵa ku Somalia, na ndyali. Ndime 53 yikulongosoraso kuti boma la Germany likudumbiskana na boma la Germany pa nkhani zikuruzikuru zakukhwaskana na mapangano gha caru cose, kusazgapo nkhani zakukhwaskana na malonda gha ku caru cinyake, vya ndalama na mapangano. Boma la Germany likuŵa paubwezi na maboma ghanyake gha caru cose. Vinyake mwa vyaru ivi ni Djibouti, Ethiopia, Egypt, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Turkey, Italy, United Kingdom, Denmark, France, United States, People's Republic of China, Japan, Russian Federation na South Korea.
Charu cha Somalia chili mu wupu wa United Nations, African Union na Arab League. Mu 1969, charu ichi chikaŵa yumoza wa awo ŵakambiska wupu wa Islamic Cooperation Organization. Maboma ghanyake agho ghali mu wupu uwu ni African Development Bank, Group of 77, Intergovernmental Authority on Development, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Development Association, International Finance Corporation, Non-Aligned Movement, World Federation of Trade Unions na World Meteorological Organization.
Military
Gulu la ŵasilikari la Somalia (SAF) ni gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa boma la Somalia. Ŵakulongozgeka na pulezidenti uyo ni mulara wa ŵasilikari ndipo ŵali na mazaza kuti ŵavikilire muwuso wa caru, wanangwa wawo, na malo ghawo.
Pakwamba, ŵasilikari ŵa boma ŵakaŵa ŵasilikari ŵa nkhondo, ŵasilikari ŵa ku nyanja, ŵasilikari ŵa ku mphepo, ŵapolisi, na ŵasilikari ŵa boma. Pakati pajumpha nyengo kufuma apo charu ichi chikapokera wanangwa, chikaŵa na ŵasilikari ŵanandi chomene pa charu chose. Nkhondo ya mukati mu caru yikacitika mu 1991, ndipo yikapangiska kuti gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa boma la Somalia lileke kugwira nchito.
Mu 2004, ndondomeko ya kuzenga ŵasilikari yikanjira m'malo na kukhazikiska boma la Transitional Federal Government (TFG). Gulu la ŵasilikari la Somalia sono likulaŵilirika na Unduna wa vya Vyankhondo wa boma la Somalia, ilo likapangika pakati pa 2012. Mu Janyuwale 2013, boma la Somalia likambaso kuzenga ofesi ya wupu wakuwona vya wanangwa wa ŵanthu ku Mogadishu, ndipo likasintha zina la ofesi iyi kuŵa National Intelligence and Security Agency (NISA). Boma la Somaliland na la Puntland lili na mawupu gha ŵapolisi na ŵaboma.
Human rights
Ŵanalume na ŵanakazi awo ŵakugonana na ŵanalume ŵanyawo ŵakuŵa ŵambura kuzomerezgeka na dango.
Pa Okutobala 3, 2020, mulaŵiliri wa UN wakuwona vya wanangwa wa ŵanthu wakadandawura chifukwa cha boma la Somalia kuleka kufiska ivyo likukhumba. Kuyana na ivyo mulaŵiliri wa kafukufuku uyu wakasanga, boma la Somalia likuleka kufiska ivyo likakhumbanga kuvikilira wanangwa wa ŵanthu pa nkhani ya vyachuma, umoyo wa ŵanthu na mitheto.
Chuma
Kuyana na CIA na Central Bank of Somalia, nangauli ku Somalia kuli vivulupi, kweni chalo ichi chili na chuma chakukhora yayi, ndipo chikuthemba pa viŵeto, makampani ghakwendeska ndalama na ma telefoni. Cifukwa ca kusoŵa kwa maukaboni gha boma ndiposo nkhondo iyo yikacitika sonosono apa, nchakusuzga kumanya ukuru wa cuma panji umo cikukulira. Mu 1994, wupu wa CIA ukati caru cikaŵa na ndalama zakukwana madola 3.3 biliyoni. Mu 2001, ndalama izi zikaŵa pafupifupi madola 4.1 biliyoni. Kufika mu 2009, CIA yikati GDP yikakura kufika pa $5.731 biliyoni, ndipo yikaghanaghananga kuti yikurenge pa 2.6%. Kuyana na lipoti la wupu wa British Chambers of Commerce wa mu 2007, nchito ya ŵanthu ŵekha yikakura, comenecomene mu nchito ya mauteŵeti. Mwakupambana na nyengo iyo nkhondo yikaŵa kuti yindacitike, apo maofesi ghanandi gha boma na vyamalonda vikaŵa mu mawoko gha boma, maboma ghakaŵa na ndalama zinandi chomene mu vyamalonda. Munthu munyake wakusanda vya cuma, zina lake Peter Leeson, wakati cifukwa ca kusazgikira kwa vinthu mu caru ici ni dango la cikaya la ku Somalia.
Chuma cha ku Somalia chikupangika na vinthu vya mazuŵa ghano kweniso vya kale. Ku Somalia ndiko kuli ngamila zinandi chomene pa charu chose. Kuyana na banki yikuru ya ku Somalia, ŵanthu pafupifupi 80 pa 100 ŵali na viŵeto vya mbuzi, mberere, ngamila na ng'ombe. Ŵalendo aŵa ŵakusangaso vyakumera vinyake kuti ŵasange ndalama.
Agriculture
Vyaru ni vyakurya vyakuzirwa comene mu Somalia. Vinthu ivi vikupangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵagwire nchito. Viŵeto vikupangiska kuti GDP yiŵe pafupifupi 40 peresenti, ndipo vyakufumira ku vyaru vinyake vikupangiska kuti vyakurya ivi vipelekeke ku vyaru vinyake. Vinthu vinyake ivyo ŵakuguliska ni somba, makara, na nthochi. Kuyana na banki yikuru ya ku Somalia, katundu uyo wakunjira mu caru ici wakukwana madola 460 miliyoni pa caka. Vinthu ivyo vikuguliskika ku vyaru vinyake, ivyo vikukwana pafupifupi madola 270 miliyoni pa caka, vikuluska ivyo vikaguliskikanga pambere nkhondo yindambe. Boma la Somalia lili na suzgo la ndalama pafupifupi madola 190 miliyoni pa chaka, kweni ndalama izo ŵanthu ŵa ku Somalia ŵakutumizga ku vyaru vinyake zikuluska ndalama izi.
Pambere nkhondo ya pawenenawene yindambe mu 1991, makampani 53 gha boma ghakurughakuru, gha pakati na ghakurughakuru ghakaleka kugwira nchito. Ndipouli, cifukwa ca ndalama zinandi izo ŵanthu ŵa ku Somalia ŵakugwiliskira nchito, maofesi ghanandi gha ku Somalia ghajulika ndipo ghanyake ghapangika. Vinthu ivi ni vyakusungiramo somba na vyakusungiramo nyama mu vigaŵa vya kumpoto, kweniso mafakitale pafupifupi 25 mu msumba wa Mogadishu, agho ghakupanga makaroni, maji gha mafuta, vyakununkhira, mathumba gha pulasitiki, salu, vikumba na vikumba vya nyama, munkhwala wakugeziskira na sopo, aluminiyamu, matiresi na makuseŵe gha visulo, maboti ghakuloŵera somba, kupakira vinthu, na kupanga malibwe. Mu 2004, mu tawuni iyi mukajulikaso fakitare ya Coca-Cola ya mtengo wa madola 8.3 miliyoni. Makampani ghanyake gha vyaru vyakupambanapambana nga ni General Motors na Dole Fruit, nagho ghakasanga ndalama mu vyaru ivi.
Monetary and payment system
Banki ya ku Somalia ndiyo yikulaŵilira ndalama mu Somalia. Pa nkhani ya ndalama, iyo wakugwira nchito ya kupanga na kufiska ndondomeko ya ndalama.
Cifukwa ca kuleka kugomezga ndalama za ku Somalia, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakugwiliskira nchito dola ya ku America. Nangauli ndalama za ku Somalia zikwenda pa dollar, kweni ndalama izi zikukwera chomene, comenecomene pa malonda gha ndalama zicoko. Kuyana na banki iyi, vinthu ivi vizamumara para iyo wayamba kulamulira ndalama na kunjira mu malo mwa ndalama za boma.
Nangauli boma la Somalia likaŵavya boma lakulamulira ndalama kwa vyaka vyakujumpha 15 kufuma apo nkhondo yikambira mu 1991 m'paka apo boma la Somalia likambiraso kulamulira mu 2009, kweni ndalama izo likagwiliskiranga ntchito zikwenda makora chomene.
Makampani ghakupeleka ndalama agha (hawalas) ghazgoka makampani ghakurughakuru mu Somalia, ndipo ŵanthu ŵa ku Somalia awo ŵakukhala mu vyaru vinyake ŵakupeleka ndalama zakukwana madola 1.6 biliyoni pa chaka. Ŵanandi mwa iwo ŵali mu wupu wa Somali Money Transfer Association (SOMTA), wupu uwo ukwendeska ntchito ya kutumizga ndalama mu charu ichi. Kampani yikuru comene ya ku Somalia ni Dahabshiil, kampani iyo yikugwira nchito ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 2,000 mu vyaru 144. As the reconstituted Central Bank of Somalia fully assumes its monetary policy responsibilities, some of the existing money transfer companies are expected in the near future to seek licenses so as to develop into full-fledged commercial banks. This will serve to expand the national payments system to include formal cheques, which in turn is expected to reinforce the efficacy of the use of monetary policy in domestic macroeconomic management.
Chifukwa chakuti vinthu vikenda makora mu charu ichi, ŵanthu ŵa ku Somalia ŵakamba kuwelera ku caru cawo kuti ŵazakasange ndalama. Ndalama za ku Somalia zikukwera comene cifukwa ca ndalama za ku caru cinyake. Kuzakafika mu Malichi 2014, ndalama izi zikaŵa kuti zakwera pafupifupi 60 peresenti pakuyaniska na dola ya ku United States. Shilling ya ku Somalia ndiyo yikaŵa yakukhora comene pa ndalama zakupambanapambana zakukwana 175 izo Bloomberg yikaguliskanga.
Somalia Stock Exchange (SSE) ni msika wa ku Somalia. Bungwe ili likakhazikiskika mu 2012 na Idd Mohamed wa ku Somalia, uyo ni nthumi yachilendo na wachiŵiri wa nthumi ya United Nations. Boma la Somalia likakhazikiska SSE kuti likopere ndalama kufuma ku makampani gha ku Somalia na gha pa caru cose kuti liŵawovwire kunozga vinthu mu Somalia.
Energy and natural resources
Banki ya Caru Cose yikupharazga kuti sono ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakugura magesi mu vyaru ivi. Mu vyaru ivi muli kampani yinyake yakuchemeka Somali Energy Company, iyo yikugwira ntchito ya kupanga, kutumizga na kupeleka magesi. Mu 2010, caru ici cikapanga magesi 310 miliyoni na kugwiliskira nchito magesi 288.3 miliyoni, ndipo cikaŵa pa malo 170 na 177, kuyana na CIA. Boma la Somalia lili na vinthu vinandi vyakuthupi nga ni uranium, iron ore, tin, gypsum, bauxite, mkuwa, mchere na gasi. Wupu wa CIA ukati pali magesi ghakukwana mabiliyoni 5,663.
Palije ukaboni wakuti ku Somalia kuli mafuta ghanandi. Wupu wa CIA ukuti m'paka mu 2011, mu charu ichi mulije mafuta ghakukwana, apo wupu wa UNCTAD ukuti mafuta ghanandi agho ghalipo mu Somalia ghali kumpoto kwa charu ichi, mu chigaŵa cha Somaliland. Gulu la mafuta ilo lili na katundu mu Sydney, Range Resources, likati chigaŵa cha Puntland kumpoto kwa charu ichi chili na mafuta ghakukwana mabarali 5 biliyoni (790×106 m3) m'paka 10 biliyoni (1.6×109 m3), pakuyaniska na mabarali 6.7 biliyoni gha mafuta gha mu Sudan. Chifukwa cha ivyo vikachitika, boma likakhazikiska wupu wa Somalia Petroleum Corporation.
Kuumaliro wa m'ma 1960, ŵasayansi ŵa UN ŵakasanga kuti ku Somalia kuli usambazi ukuru wa uranium na vinthu vinyake vyakununkhira. Ŵasayansi ŵakaghanaghananga kuti malo agha ghakaŵa ghakujumpha 25 peresenti ya malo ghakukwana matani 800,000 gha uranium agho ghakasangika pa charu chose. Mu 1984, IUREP Orientation Phase Mission ku Somalia yikati caru ici cikaŵa na matani 5,000 gha uranium reasonably assured resources (RAR), matani 11,000 gha uranium estimated additional resources (EAR) mu calcrete deposits, kweniso matani 0150,000 gha uranium speculative resources (SR) mu sandstone na calcrete deposits. Somalia yikazgoka caru cikuru ico cikupanga uranium, ndipo makampani gha ku America, UAE, Italy na Brazil ghakakwesananga kuti ghapoke. Natural Link Resources yili na chigaŵa mu chigaŵa chapakati, ndipo Kilimanjaro Capital yili na chigaŵa mu chigaŵa cha Amsas-Coriole-Afgoi (ACA), icho chikusazgapo kupenja uranium.
Trans-National Industrial Electricity and Gas Company ni kampani ya vya magesi iyo yili ku Mogadishu. Wakawovwira makampani ghanayi ghakuru gha ku Somalia gha malonda, vya ndalama, kuvikilira na kwendera mauthenga gha pa foni. Pakwamba, kampani iyi yikaŵa na ndalama zakukwana madola 1 biliyoni ndipo yikambiska ntchito ya Somalia Peace Dividend Project.
Kuyana na Banki yikuru ya Somalia, apo chalo ichi chikuluta ku nthowa yakuzengaso, chuma cha chalo ichi chikulindizgika kuti chizamukwaniska waka ivyo vikaŵako pambere nkhondo yindambe, kweniso kuti chizamukulirakulira chifukwa cha vinthu vyakuthupi vyambura kugwiliskirika nchito.
Telecommunications and media
Nkhondo yikati yayamba, makampani ghanyake ghakwendeska mawupu ghakamba kupanga mawupu agha. Makampani agha ghakupokera ndalama kufuma ku ŵamalonda ŵa ku Somalia na wovwiri wakufuma ku China, South Korea na Europe. Ŵalendo ŵangatumizga ndalama (nga umo ŵakuchitira na Dahabshiil) na mabanki ghanyake pa mafoni, kweniso ŵangasanga Intaneti.
Pamanyuma pa kukolerana na makampani ghanyake nga ni Sprint, ITT na Telenor, makampani agha sono ghakupeleka mauthenga ghapachanya kweniso ghakudura chomene mu Africa. Makampani agha ghakwendeskaso ma telefoni mu misumba yose ya ku Somalia. Pasono pali ma telefoni pafupifupi 25 pa ŵanthu 1,000, ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakugwiliskira ntchito telefoni kuluska mu vyaru vinyake. Makampani gha telecommunication gha ku Somalia ghakumanyikwa ni Golis Telecom Group, Hormuud Telecom, Somafone, Nationlink, Netco, Telcom na Somali Telecom Group. Hormuud Telecom yekha ndiyo wakupeleka ndalama pafupifupi madola 40 miliyoni pa caka. Nangauli pali mphindano, kweni mu 2005, ŵabwezi ŵa vyamaseŵera aŵa ŵakasazga phangano lakuti ŵaŵikengepo mtengo wa vinthu ivyo ŵakuguliska, kuŵawovwira kuti ŵalutilire kukhozga na kusazgirako maunyoro ghawo, kweniso kuti ŵaleke kuthera pa mphindano.
Kugwiliskira nchito ndalama mu vyakupharazga ni cimanyikwiro cakuti cuma ca Somalia cikulutilira kukura nangauli mu vigaŵa vinyake muli nkhondo.
Televizioni ya boma ya Somalia ndiyo yikupharazga pa TV. Pakati pajumpha vyaka 20, siteshoni iyi yikambaso pa Epulero 4, 2011. Wupu wa Radio Mogadishu nawo ukupeleka mauthenga kufuma ku msumba uwu. TV ya ku Somaliland na Puntland TV na Radio zikufuma ku vigaŵa vya kumpoto.
Kweniso, ku Somalia kuli mawayilesi ghanandi na mawayilesi. Vinyake mwa vyaru ivi ni Horn Cable Television na Universal TV. Manyuzipepara gha Xog Doon, Xog Ogaal, na Horyaal Sports ghakupharazga mu tawuni iyi. Kweniso pali manyuzipepara ghanandi agho ghakulemba nkhani za mu charu ichi, nga ni Garowe Online, Wardheernews, na Puntland Post.
Chigaŵa cha pa Intaneti (country code top-level domain, ccTLD) cha Somalia ni.so. Pa Novembala 1, 2010 yikambaso kugwira ntchito. Boma la Japan ndilo likulemba makalata agha.
Pa Malichi 22, 2012, nduna za boma la Somalia nazo zikakolerana na dango lakuyowoya vya mawupu. Ndondomeko iyi yikovwira kuti paŵe wupu wakuwona vya mawupu gha pa caru cose pa nkhani ya kwimba na kwimba.
Mu Novembala 2013, pamanyuma pa Memorandum of Understanding iyo yikalembeka na Emirates Post mu Epulero chaka chenechichi, Unduna wa vya Makalata na Mafoni ukazengaso ofesi ya ku Somalia Postal Service (Somali Post). Mu Okutobala 2014, ofesi iyi yikambaso kupeleka makalata kufuma ku vyaru vinyake. Ndondomeko ya kutumizga makalata iyi yikunozgekera mu vigaŵa vyose 18 vya mu charu ichi.
Tourism
Ku Somalia kuli malo ghanandi agho ŵanthu ŵakutemwa kuluta, nga ni malo ghakusungirako vinthu vyakale, milyango ya nyanja, vimaji, mapiri, na malo ghakutowa. Ntchito ya kwendakwenda yikulongozgeka na Unduna wa vya Ulendo. Vigaŵa vya Puntland na Somaliland vili na maofesi ghawo ghakwendakwenda. Bungwe la Tourism Association la ku Somalia (SOMTA) likupeleka ulongozgi ku ŵanthu ŵa mu charu ichi. Mu Malichi 2015, Unduna wa Vyakwendakwenda na Vinyama wa ku South West State ukati ukukhumba kukhazikiska malo ghanyake ghakusungirako nyama. Boma la United States likucenjezga ŵalendo kuti ŵaleke kuluta ku Somalia.
Vinyake ivyo ŵanthu ŵakutemwa kuwona ni mphanji za Laas Geel izo zili na vinthu vyakuzengeka kufuma ku miyala; mapiri gha Cal Madow, Golis Mountains, na Ogo Mountains; maji gha Iskushuban na Lamadaya; Hargeisa National Park, Jilib National Park, Kismayo National Park, na Lag Badana National Park.
Transport
Misewu ya ku Somalia yili na utali wa makilomita 22,100. Mu 2000, misewu ya makilomita 2,608 yikaŵa ya pawaro ndipo makilomita 19,492 yikaŵa yambura pawaro. Msewu wa makilomita 750 (470 mi) ukukumana na matawuni ghakuru gha kumpoto kwa charu, nga ni Bosaso, Galkayo na Garowe, na matawuni gha kumwera.
Boma la Somalia Civil Aviation Authority (SOMCAA) ni boma la Somalia ilo likuwona vya ndege. Pamanyuma pa nyengo yitali yakulamulirika na wupu wa Civil Aviation Caretaker Authority for Somalia (CACAS), wupu wa SOMCAA ukwenera kuwusa malo gha mu Somalia m'paka pa 31 Disembala 2013.
Ku Somalia kuli ma eyapoti 62, ndipo 7 mwa ma eyapoti agha ghali na misewu. Pa malo agha, ghanayi ghali na misewu ya mamita ghakujumpha 3,047 (9,997 ft); ghaŵiri ghali pakati pa mamita 2,438 na 3,047 (7,999 na 9,997 ft) ndipo limoza lili na mamita 1,524 m'paka 2,437 (5,000 m'paka 7,995 ft). Pali ma eyapoti 55 agho ghalije malo ghakukwelera. Yimoza yili na mtunda wa mamita ghakujumpha 3,047; zinayi zili pakati pa mamita 2,438 na 3,047 mu utali; makumi ghaŵiri ghali na mtunda wa mamita 1,524 mpaka 2,437; makumi ghaŵiri na ghanayi ghali na mtunda wa mamita 914 mpaka 1,523; ndipo ghankhondi na limoza ghali pasi pa mamita 914. Malo ghakurughakuru gha ndege mu chalo ichi ni Aden Adde International Airport mu Mogadishu, Hargeisa International Airport mu Hargeisa, Kismayo Airport mu Kismayo, Baidoa Airport mu Baidoa, na Bender Qassim International Airport mu Bosaso.
Ndege ya Somali Airlines yikakhazikiskika mu chaka cha 1964. Gulu ili likamara kugwira nchito mu nyengo ya nkhondo. Ndipouli, boma la Somalia ilo likambaso kuwusa likamba kunozgekera mu 2012 kuti ndege iyi yikwambireso kugwira ntchito, ndipo ndege yakwamba ya Somali Airlines yikeneranga kupelekeka kuumaliro wa Disembala 2013. Kuyana na wupu wakuwona vya malonda na vyamalonda wa ku Somalia, malo agho ghakaŵa ghambura ntchito chifukwa cha kujara kwa ndege iyi ghazuzgika na ndege zinyake za ku Somalia. Makampani gha ndege ghakujumpha ghankhondi na limoza ghakupeleka maulendo gha ndege ku vyaru vinyake, nga ni Daallo Airlines, Jubba Airways, African Express Airways, East Africa 540, Central Air na Hajara.
Pakuti ku Somalia kuli nyanja yitali chomene pa charu chose, kuli maboma ghanandi. Malo ghakwendeskera vinthu pa nyanja ghali mu misumba ya Mogadishu, Bosaso, Berbera, Kismaayo na Merca. Paliso sitima yinyake ya pa nyanja. Wakapangika mu 2008, ndipo wakwendeska katundu.
Demographics
Ku Somalia kulije maukaboni ghakugomezgeka ghakukhwaskana na unandi wa ŵanthu. Charu ichi chikaŵa na ŵanthu pafupifupi 17.1 miliyoni mu 2021; unandi wa ŵanthu kuyana na kalembera wa 1975 ukaŵa 3.3 miliyoni. Kafukufuku munyake uyo wakachitika mu 2013 na 2014 na wupu wa United Nations Population Fund, wakalongora kuti mu charu ichi muli ŵanthu 12,316,895.
Pafupifupi ŵanthu 85 pa ŵanthu 100 awo ŵakukhala mu chigaŵa ichi mba fuko la Chisomali. Ŵanthu aŵa ŵakakhalanga mu vigaŵa vyakupambanapambana, nga ni vigaŵa vya viŵeto, maufumu, mafumu, na misumba. Nkhondo ya mukati mu vyaka vya m'ma 1990 yikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Somalia ŵafumemo mu charu ichi.
Ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakufuma ku vigaŵa vinyake ŵakufuma ku vigaŵa vinyake. Ŵanyake mwa ŵanthu aŵa mba Bravanese, Bantus, Bajuni, Ŵaetiyopiya (makamaka Ŵaoromo), Ŵayemeni, Ŵaindiya, Ŵaperesiya, Ŵaitaliya, na Ŵabritani. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Bantus, ndiwo mbanandi chomene mu Somalia, ndipo mbana ŵa ŵazga awo ŵakatoleka ku Africa na ŵamalonda ŵa ku Arabia na Somalia. Mu 1940, ku Italian Somaliland kukaŵa ŵanthu pafupifupi 50,000 ŵa ku Italy. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Europe ŵakafumako ku Somalia ŵakati ŵajiyimira ŵekha.
Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Somalia ŵakukhala mu vyaru vya ku Western, nga ni United States (mwakudumura mu chigaŵa cha Minnesota) na United Kingdom (mwakudumura mu London), Sweden, Canada, Norway, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Finland, Australia, Switzerland, Austria, na Italy. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Somalia awo ŵakukhala mu vyaru vinyake ŵakunjilirapo comene pa ndyali na vinthu vya mu caru ici. Purezidenti wa Somalia, Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed, wakaŵa wa ku Somalia ndipo wakaŵa na wanangwa wa kukhala ku America.
Ŵanthu ŵa mu Somalia ŵakukura na 1,75% pa caka, ndipo pa ŵanthu 1,000 ŵakubabika 40.87. Chiŵelengero cha ŵana awo ŵakubabika mu Somalia ni ŵana 6.08 pa mwanakazi yumoza (kuyana na kafukufuku wa mu 2014), ndipo ni chachinayi pa charu chose, kuyana na CIA World Factbook. Ŵanandi awo ŵakukhala mu malo agha mbawukirano, ndipo ŵali na vyaka 17.7; ŵanthu 44% ŵali na vyaka vyapakati pa 0 na 14, 52.4% ŵali na vyaka vyapakati pa 15 na 64, ndipo 2.3% ŵali na vyaka vyapakati pa 65 na kujumpha apa. Ŵanalume na ŵanakazi ŵakuyana waka.
Languages
Viyowoyero vya boma mu Somalia ni Chisomali na Chiarabic. Chiyowoyero cha ku Somalia ndicho ŵanthu ŵa ku Somalia ŵakuyowoya. Chiyowoyero ichi chili mu gulu la viyowoyero vya Cushitic vya mu banja la viyowoyero vya Afro-Asia. ChiSomali ndicho ntchiyowoyero chakumanyikwa chomene pa viyowoyero vyose vya ku Kushiti, ndipo ŵanthu ŵakasambirapo viyowoyero ivi pambere chaka cha 1900 chindafike.
Viyowoyero vya ku Somalia vili kugaŵika mu magulu ghatatu: Northern, Benadir na Maay. Chiyowoyero cha Northern Somali (panji Northern-Central Somali) ndicho chili pakwamba kulemba chiyowoyero ichi. Chinenero cha Benadir (chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti ChiSomali cha m'mphepete mwa nyanja) chimayankhulidwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Benadir, kuchokera ku Adale mpaka kumwera kwa Merca kuphatikizapo Mogadishu, komanso m'dera lakumbuyo. Viyowoyero vya mumphepete mwa nyanja vili na mazgu ghanyake agho mulije mu Chisomali. Chiyowoyero cha Maay chikuyowoyeka na ŵanthu ŵa ku Digil na Mirifle (Rahanweyn) awo ŵakukhala kumwera kwa Somalia. Chinenero cha Benadiri ndicho chikuyowoyeka chomene mu charu ichi, mwakupambana na chiyowoyero cha Northern Somali icho chikuyowoyeka chomene mu Somaliland.
Kwa vyaka vinandi, ŵanthu ŵakugwiliskira ntchito nthowa zakupambanapambana pakulemba chiyowoyero cha Chisomali. Pa vilembo ivi, vilembo vya Chisamariya ndivyo vikugwiliskirika ntchito chomene, ndipo ndivyo vikulembeka mu boma la Somalia kufuma waka apo Wupu Wakulongozga ukaŵikapo mu Okutobala 1972. Chilembo ichi chikapangika na nkhwantha ya chiSomali Shire Jama Ahmed chomenechomene pa chiSomali, ndipo chikugwiliskira ntchito vilembo vyose vya chiLatin cha Chingelezi padera pa p, v na z. Padera pa cilembo ca ciLatini ca Ahmed, vilembo vinyake ivyo vyalembeka kwa vilimika vinandi kuti ŵalembe ciyowoyero ca Cisobali ni cilembo ca Ciarabu na ca Wadaad. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1900, ŵanthu ŵakamba kulemba vilembo vya Osmanya, Borama, na Kaddare.
Padera pa Chisomali, Chiarabu ndicho chikuyowoyeka chomene mu Somalia. Ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 2 miliyoni ŵakuyowoya ciyowoyero ici cifukwa ca kukolerana na caru ca Ŵaarabu kwa vyaka vinandi, kweniso cifukwa ca nkhani za mu mabuku gha Cirabu, kweniso kusambizgika vya cisopa.
New Delhi
New Delhi ni msumba ukulu wa chalo cha India.
Seoul
Seoul ndiwo msumba ukulu wa boma wa chalo cha South Korea.
Somalia
Languages
Viyowoyero vinyake ivyo vikuyowoyeka na ŵanthu ŵachoko ni Bravanese, chiyowoyero icho ŵanthu ŵa ku Bantu ŵakuyowoya mu Swahili.
Religion
Kuyana na wupu wa Pew Research Center, ŵanthu 99.8 pa 100 ŵaliwose mu Somalia Mbacisilamu. Ŵanandi ŵali mu chisopa cha Sunni na cha Shafi'i. Chisopa cha Sufism, icho ntchisopa cha chisopa cha Chisilamu, nacho chili na ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakutemwa kusopa. Ndondomeko ya boma la Somalia yikulongosora kuti cisopa ca Cisilamu ni cisopa ca boma la Somalia, ndipo dango la Cisilamu la Sharia ndilo likulongozga malango gha caru. Kweniso likusambizga kuti palije dango ilo lingaŵa lakususkana na fundo za Sharia.
Chisopa cha Cisilamu cikanjira mu cigaŵa ici mwaluŵiro comene, apo gulu la Ŵasilamu awo ŵakatambuzgikanga ŵakapenja malo ghakubisamamo kujumpha mu Nyanja Yiswesi mu mphinjika ya Africa cifukwa ca kuciskika na nchimi ya Cisilamu, Muhammad. Ntheura, cisopa ca Ciisilamu cikwenera kuti cikamba mu Somalia pambere cisopa ici cindajinthe misisi mu caru ici.
Chikhristu ntchisopa cha ŵanthu ŵachoko waka ku Somalia, ndipo ŵanthu awo ŵakulondezga chisopa ichi ŵalipo ŵachoko chomene kuluska 0.1% mu 2010. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakuti mu Somalia muli Ŵakhristu pafupifupi 1,000. Mu caru cose ici, muli Diocese ya Mogadishu, iyo yikati mu 2004, mu caru ici mukaŵa ŵadokotala ŵa Katolika pafupifupi 100.
Mu 1913, mu nyengo yakwambilira ya muwuso wa boma la Britain, mu vigaŵa vya Somali, mukaŵavya Ŵakhristu. Mu nyengo yeneyiyi, mu Somaliland mukaŵavya ŵapharazgi ŵa Katolika. Mu ma 1970, mu nyengo ya muwuso wa Marx ku Somalia, masukulu agho ghakaŵa gha matchalitchi ghakajalika ndipo ŵamishonale ŵakaŵatuma kukwawo. Kwamba mu 1989, mu caru ici mulije bishopu mulara, ndipo tchalitchi likuru la ku Mogadishu likaparanyika comene pa nyengo ya nkhondo. Mu Disembala 2013, Unduna wa vya Malango na Vyachisopa ukafumiskaso dango lakukanizga vikondwelero vya Chikhristu mu charu ichi.
Kuyana na lipoti la Pew Research Center, mu 2010 ŵanthu ŵachoko waka pa ŵanthu wose ŵa ku Somalia ndiwo ŵakalondezganga visopa. Ŵanthu aŵa ŵakaŵa ŵa mitundu yinyake iyo yikaŵa ku chigaŵa cha kumwera kwa charu ichi. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Bantu ŵakasambira mitheto iyi ku ŵasekuru ŵawo ŵa ku Southeast Africa.
Kweniso, kuyana na kafukufuku wa Pew Research Center, mu 2010 ŵanthu ŵacoko comene pa ŵanthu wose ŵa mu Somalia ŵakaŵa ŵa cisopa ca Ciyuda, Cihindu, Cibuddha, panji ŵa visopa vinyake.
Health
Mpaka apo boma la Somalia likamalira mu 1991, nduna ya vyaumoyo ndiyo yikalongozganga ndyali. Ŵalaraŵalara ŵa munthavi ŵakaŵa na mazaza, kweni vyose vikendanga makora. Boma la Siad Barre, uyo wakaŵa purezidenti wa Somalia, likalekeska ntchito ya udokotala mu 1972. Ndalama zinandi izo boma likagwiliskiranga ntchito pa nkhondo zikapelekeka ku ŵasilikari.
Ndondomeko ya vyaumoyo ya ku Somalia yikaparanyika comene mu nyengo ya nkhondo ya cikaya. Nga umo vikaŵira na vigaŵa vinyake ivyo vikaŵa vya boma kale, ŵapharazgi ŵambura kuzomerezgeka ŵanjira mu malo mwa boma ndipo ŵanjira m'malo mwa boma. Pa nyengo iyi, maofesi ghanandi gha munthavi, maofesi gha munthavi, vipatala, na madokotala ghapangika mu Somalia. Ndalama zakwendeskera maofesi agha ni zicoko comene, ni $5.72 pa ulendo umoza mu vipatala (pa ŵanthu awo ŵalipo 95 peresenti) na $1.89-$3.97 pa ulendo umoza wa pa cipatala na $7.83-$13.95 pa zuŵa mu vipatala vyakwambilira na vyapacanya.
Para tingayaniska nyengo ya 2005 na 2010 na vyaka 50 pambere nkhondo yindambe (1985 na 1990), umoyo ukaŵa utali comene kwa ŵanalume na ŵanakazi. Mwakuyana waka, chiŵelengero cha ŵana ŵa chaka chimoza awo ŵali kupokera munkhwala wakulwera nthenda ya nthomba chikakwera kufuma pa 30% mu 1985 kufika pa 40% mu 2000 m'paka mu 2005, ndipo chiŵelengero cha awo ŵali kupokera munkhwala wakulwera nthenda ya chikhoso cha TB chikakwera pafupifupi 20% kufuma pa 31% kufika pa 50% mu nyengo yeneyiyi.
Chiŵelengero cha ŵana awo ŵakababika ŵachoko chikakhira kufuma pa 16 pa ŵanthu 1,000 kufika pa 0.3, ndipo pa nyengo yeneyiyi chikachepa na 15%. Pakati pa 2005 na 2010, chiŵelengero cha ŵana awo ŵakufwa para ŵababa 1,000 chikakhira kufuma pa 152 kufika pa 109.6. Kufwa kwa ŵanakazi pa ŵana 100,000 kukakhira kufuma pa 1,600 pambere nkhondo yindambe mu 1985 m'paka 1990 kufika pa 1,100 mu 2000 m'paka 2005. Chiŵelengero cha ŵadokotala pa ŵanthu 100,000 nacho chikakwera kufuma pa 3.4 kufika pa 4 mu nyengo yeneyiyi, ndipo chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu awo ŵakugwiliskira ntchito vinthu vyakutowa chikakwera kufuma pa 18% kufika pa 26%.
Kuyana na umo wupu wa United Nations Population Fund ukulongosolera, ku Somalia kuli ŵamama 429 awo ŵakugwira ntchito ya wovwiri wa ŵanakazi. Pasono mu caru ici muli maofesi gha ŵabwezi 8, ndipo ghaŵiri mwa maofesi agha nga ŵanthu ŵekha. Mapulogiramu gha kusambizga ŵabwezi ghakutora myezi 12 m'paka 18. Ŵasambiri awo ŵanjira sukulu iyi ŵakukwana 100 peresenti, ndipo mu 2009 ŵakaŵa 180. Boma ndilo likulongozga ntchito iyi, ndipo munthu wakwenera kuŵa na layisensi. Kweniso pali kulembeska ŵabwezi awo ŵali na malayisensi. Kweniso, ŵamama awo ŵakovwira ŵanakazi awo ŵababa ŵana mu caru ici ŵakwimira wupu wa ŵamama awo ŵali na mamembara 350.
Kuyana na ivyo wupu wa vyaumoyo wa pa caru cose ukayowoya mu 2005, ŵanakazi na ŵasungwana 97.9% ŵa ku Somalia ŵakakomekanga na nthumbo. Ŵanakazi ndiwo ŵakuchiska ŵanthu kuti ŵachitenge nthena. Kufika mu 2013, wupu wa UNICEF pamoza na boma la Somalia, ukati chiŵelengero cha ŵana ŵasungwana ŵa vyaka 1 m'paka 14 mu vigaŵa vya kumpoto kwa Puntland na Somaliland chachepa kufika pa 25%. Ŵanalume pafupifupi 93% mu Somalia nawo ŵakukotoleka.
Charu cha Somalia chili na ŵanthu ŵachoko chomene pa charu chose chapasi awo ŵali na HIV. Ici nchifukwa cakuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Somalia mba Cisilamu ndipo ŵakulondezga malango gha Cisilamu. Nangauli mu 1987 (mu chaka icho ŵanthu ŵakwambilira ŵakasangika na HIV mu Somalia) ŵanthu ŵakukwana 1% pa ŵanthu wose ŵakukhwima, kweni lipoti la UNAIDS la mu 2012 likuti kwamba mu 2004, ŵanthu ŵakughanaghana kuti ŵanthu ŵakukwana 0.7% m'paka 1%.
Nangauli sono wovwiri wa vyaumoyo wa ŵanthu wose uli ku chigaŵa cha ŵanthu ŵekha, kweni boma likuwoneseska kuti wovwiri wa vyaumoyo wa ŵanthu wose uweleremo. Nduna ya vyaumoyo ni Qamar Adan Ali. Chigaŵa cha Puntland chili na Unduna wa vya Umoyo, ndipo chigaŵa cha Somaliland chili na Unduna wa vya Umoyo.
Vinyake mwa vyaru ivi ni East Bardera Mothers and Children's Hospital, Abudwak Maternity and Children's Hospital, Edna Adan Maternity Hospital na West Bardera Maternity Unit.
Education
Pamanyuma pa nkhondo ya pawenenawene iyo yikacitika mu 1991, makomiti ghakusambizga ŵanthu agho ghakaŵako mu masukulu 94 pa 100 mu Somalia, ndigho ghakamba kwendeska masukulu. Pakaŵa masuzgo ghanandi pa nkhani ya masambiro mu vigaŵa vya ku mizi na ku ŵanalume na ŵanakazi wuwo, masambiro ghawemi, masambiro gha ku masukulu ghakovwira, masambiro gha pa sukulu, ndondomeko na ndondomeko za masambiro, mauteŵeti, na ndalama. Kuti ŵamazge suzgo ili, ŵakucita ndondomeko za masambiro izo zikovwira kuti masambiro ghamare makora. Mu chigaŵa cha Puntland, dango ili likusazgapo ndondomeko ya masambiro iyo yikukolerana na fundo za pa caru cose, nga umo viliri mu Covenant on the Rights of the Child (CRC) na Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). Viyelezgero vinyake ivyo vikulongora umo boma la chigaŵa ili likuchitira pa nkhani ya masambiro ni malango agho ghakovwira ŵana ŵasungwana kuti ŵasambire makora, kovwirapo pa ntchito ya kusambizga ŵana kuti ŵambe kusambira makora, kweniso kuti ŵapapi na awo ŵakuŵapwelelera ŵafike ku nyumba zawo kweniso ku malo ghakusambizgirako ŵana ŵa vyaka 0 m'paka 5, kweniso kukhozga ŵasambizgi kuti ŵagwirenge ntchito ku mizi yakutali.
Unduna wa vya masambiro ndiwo uli na udindo wa masambiro mu Somalia, ndipo ukuwona vya masukulu gha ku pulayimale, sekondare, ma technical na ma vocational, kweniso masukulu gha masukulu gha ku pulayimale na ma technical na masukulu gha ku sukulu. Pafupifupi 15 peresenti ya ndalama izo boma likupeleka ku sukulu. Vigaŵa vya Puntland na Somaliland vili na maofesi ghawo gha vya masambiro.
Mu 2006, Puntland yikaŵa chigaŵa chachiŵiri mu Somalia pamanyuma pa Somaliland kukhazikiska masukulu ghapachanya ghaulere, ndipo ŵasambizgi sono ŵakupokera malipiro ghawo ku boma la Puntland. Kufuma mu 2005/2006 m'paka mu 2006/2007, mu Puntland mukaŵa masukulu ghanandi, ndipo ghakaŵapo 137. Mu nyengo yeneyiyo pera, mu chigaŵa ichi mukaŵa masukulu 504 ndipo ŵasambizgi ŵanyake 762 ŵakasazgikira. Ŵana ŵasungwana ndiwo ŵakaluta panthazi chomene pa ŵana ŵanalume mu vigaŵa vinandi. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakalembeskanga mu sukulu izi mu chigaŵa cha Bari, icho chili kumpoto chomene kwa charu ichi. Ŵasambiri ŵanandi ŵakasambiranga mu matawuni ndipo ŵasambizgi ŵanandi ŵakasambizganga mu matawuni. Pasono masambiro ghapacanya mu Somalia ni gha ŵanthu ŵekha. Masukulu ghakupambanapambana mu chalo ichi, kusazgapo Yunivesite ya Mogadishu, ghalembeka pakati pa masukulu ghapachanya gha 100 mu Africa nangauli vinthu vili makora yayi, ndipo ŵanthu ŵakuwona kuti ni viwemi chomene kuti ŵanthu ŵalutilire kusambira. Maunivesite ghanyake agho ghakusambizga masambiro ghapachanya kumwera ni Benadir University, Somalia National University, Kismaayo University na University of Gedo. Ku Puntland, masambiro ghapachanya ghakupika na Yunivesite ya Puntland State na East Africa University. Ku Somaliland, sukulu iyi yikupelekeka na Yunivesite ya Amoud, Yunivesite ya Hargeisa, Yunivesite ya Technology ya Somaliland na Yunivesite ya Burao.
Sukulu za Qur'anic (izo zikumanyikwaso kuti dugsi quran panji mal'aamad quran) zikulutilira kuŵa nthowa yakusambizgira visopa mu Somalia. Ŵakusambizga ŵana visambizgo vya Cisilamu, ndipo ŵakuŵa na udindo wa cisopa na wa mtende mu caru ici. Ŵakumanyikwa kuti ni masukulu ghakusambizga vya cisopa na makhaliro ghawemi agho ghakukhazikika comene pa malo agha. Ndondomeko ya Qur'an, iyo yikusambizga ŵana ŵa sukulu ŵanandi chomene pakuyaniska na vigaŵa vinyake vya masambiro, kanandi ndiyo njekha yikovwira ŵanthu ŵa ku Somalia awo ŵakukhala mu malo ghakusama. Kafukufuku munyake uyo wakacitika mu 1993, wakalongora kuti pa ŵana ŵa sukulu ŵa Koran, pafupifupi 40% ŵakaŵa ŵasungwana. Pakukhumba kumazga suzgo la visambizgo vya cisopa, boma la Somalia likambiska Unduna wa vya Chisopa na Nkhani za Cisilamu.
Cuisine
Vyakurya vya ku Somalia vikupambana mu vigaŵa na vigaŵa. Ndico cifukwa cakuti mu Somalia muli malonda ghanandi. Nangauli vyakurya vyakupambanapambana, kweni pali cinthu cimoza ico cikukolerana na vyakurya vya mu vyaru ivi. Ntheura, palije vyakurya vya nyama ya nkhumba, palije moŵa, palije cakurya ico cikufwa yekha, ndipo palije ndopa izo zikuŵikika. Kanandi cakurya ca Qaddo panji ca mise cikuŵa cakunowa comene.
Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakutemwa kurya mpunga wakuchemeka 'bariis.' Vyakununkhira nga ni kumini, cardamom, cloves, sinamoni, na salvia, vikusazgirako vyakununkhira ku vyakurya ivi. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Somalia ŵakurya cakurya ca mise para pajumpha maora 9. Mu nyengo ya Ramadan, chakurya cha mise kanandi chikupelekeka pamanyuma pa malurombo gha Tarawih; nyengo zinyake mpaka 11 koloko mise.
'Xalwo' (halva) ni cakumwa cakunowa ico ŵanthu ŵakutemwa kurya pa viphikiro vyapadera nga ni Eid panji ukwati. Yikuŵako kufuma ku chiŵiya cha chimanga, shuga, makhadamomu, nutmeg, na ghee. Nyengo zinyake ŵakusazgako phere kuti liŵe liwemi. Para ŵanthu ŵarya, ŵakutemwa kununkhira na vyakununkhira vya lubani (lubaan) panji vyakununkhira (cuunsi).
Music
Charu cha Somalia chili na sumu zinandi izo zikufuma ku ŵanthu ŵa ku Somalia. Sumu zinandi za ku Somalia zikuŵa na sumu za pentatonic. Fundo iyi yikung'anamura kuti ŵakugwiliskira ntchito tuvizingo tuchoko waka pa octave, mwakupambana na tuvizingo tuchokotuchoko (tuŵiri) nga ni major scale. Pakudanga kupulika, sumu za ku Somalia zingawoneka nga ni za ku vigaŵa vyapafupi nga ni Ethiopia, Sudan panji Arabia, kweni paumaliro zikumanyikwa na sumu zake na masitayelo ghake. Sumu za ku Somalia kanandi zikulembeka na ŵanthu awo ŵakulemba mazgu (midho), awo ŵakulemba sumu (laxan) na ŵakwimba (codka panji "mazgu").
Literature
Ŵasayansi ŵa ku Somalia ŵakasambira mabuku ghanandi gha Chisilamu kwa vyaka vinandi. Mu 1972, apo ŵanthu ŵakamba kulemba vilembo vya Chilatini, ŵalembi ŵanandi ŵa ku Somalia ŵakalemba mabuku ghanyake agho ghakumanyikwa pa charu chose. Pa ŵalembi aŵa, Nuruddin Farah ndiyo wakumanyikwa comene. Mabuku nga ni From a Crooked Rib na Links ghakuwoneka nga ni mabuku ghakuzirwa, ndipo ghakamovwira kuti wapokere chawanangwa cha 1998 Neustadt International Prize for Literature. Faarax M.J. Munthu munyake wa ku Somalia uyo wakamanyikwa na buku ili wakati: "Kumanya yayi ni mulwani wa chitemwa".
Sports
Mpira wa pasi ni maseŵero ghakumanyikwa comene mu Somalia. Mpikisano waku Somalia ndi League ndi Somalia Cup, pomwe timu ya mpira waku Somalia imasewera padziko lonse lapansi.
Mu caru ici mukucitikaso maseŵero gha basketball. FIFA Africa Championship 1981 yikachitikira ku Mogadishu kwambira pa 15 mpaka 23 December 1981. Gulu ili likuchitaso maseŵera gha basketball pa Pan Arab Games.
Mu 2013, timu ya chalo cha Somalia ya bandy yikapangika ku Borlänge.
Mu vyaru vya martial arts, Faisal Jeylani Aweys na Mohamed Deq Abdulle ŵa timu ya taekwondo ya chalo cha Indonesia ŵakatora mendulo ya siliva na malo ghachinayi, pa 2013 Open World Taekwondo Challenge Cup ku Tongeren. Komiti ya Olimpiki ya ku Somalia yili kunozga pulogiramu yapadera kuti yikovwire kuti maseŵero gha munthazi ghamare makora. Kweniso, Mohamed Jama wali kuwina maudindo gha pa charu chose na Europe mu K-1 na Thai Boxing.
Architecture
Nyumba zakuzenga za ku Somalia ni nyumba zakuzenga izo zili na vinthu vyakupambanapambana, nga ni misumba yakuzengeka na malibwe, nyumba zachifumu, vigongwe, vigongwe, masisiteri, mausoleya, tempile, vigongwe, vikhuni, malibwe ghakunyang'amira, malibwe ghakurughakuru, ma menhirs, dolmens, ma malaro, ma tumulus, ma stele, ma cistern, ma aqueducts, na majini. Mu nyumba iyi muli vinthu vya mu nyengo yakale, vyaka vyapakati, na vyaka vyakwambilira.
Manila
Manila ni msumba ukulu wa boam wa chalo cha Philippines.
Somalia
Architecture
Kale ku Somalia, ŵanthu ŵakasunganga vinthu vyakupambanapambana nga ni mapiramidi. Nyumba zikazengekanga na malibwe ghakuyana na agho ŵakazenganga ku Eguputo. Paliso viyelezgero vya maluŵaza na viliŵa vikuruvikuru vya malibwe ivyo vikazingilizga malo ghakukhalamo ŵanthu.
Ŵanthu ŵa ku Somalia ŵakati ŵamba kugomezga chisopa cha Chiisilamu, ŵakakhwaskika na vinthu vya ku Arabia na Peresiya. Ivi vikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵambe kuzenga nyumba mu malibwe ghakukhoma na vinthu vinyake vyakukhwaskana na malibwe agha. Nyumba zinandi izo ŵakazenganga, nga ni masisiteri, ŵakazenganga pa malo agho pakaŵa nyumba zakale.
Dhaka
Dhaka ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Bangladesh.
Brasília
Brasília ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Brazil.
Santiago
Santiago ni msuma ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Chile.
Mexico City
Mexico City ni msumba ukulu wa boma wa chalo cha Mexico.
Baghdad
Baghdad ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Iraq.
Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Argentina.
Cairo
Cairo ni msumba ukulu wa boma wa chalo cha Egypt mu Afrika.
Madrid
Madrid ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Spain.
Islamabad
Islamabad ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Pakistan.
Accra
Accra ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Ghana.
Khartoum
Khartoum ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Sudan.
Luanda
Luanda ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Angola.
Kampala
Kampala ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Uganda.
Kigali
Kigali ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Rwanda.
Kinshasa
Kinshasa ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Congo.
Kingston
Kingston ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Jamaica.
Naypyidaw
Naypyidaw ndiwo msumba ukulu wa boma wa chalo cha Myanmar.
Bangkok
Bangkok ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Thailand.
Hanoi
Hanoi ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Vietnam.
Mbabane
Mbabane ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Eswatini.
Lomé
Lomé ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Togo.
Lisbon
Lisbon ni msumba ukulu wa boma wa chalo cha Portugal
Bogotá
Bogotá ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Colombia.
Maseru
Maseru ni msumba ukulu wa chalo cha Lesotho.
Monrovia
Monrovia ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Liberia.
Luxembourg City
Luxembourg City ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Luxembourg.
Wikipediya
Wikipediya ni nkhokwe ya vinjeru ya ulere ya pa internet iyo ikayambika mu chalo cha 2001.Waliyose wangasintha vyakulembeka va pa nkhokwe iyi nyengo iliyose,kulikose,palipose.
Muscat
Muscat ni msumba ukulu wa chalo cha Oman.
Havana
Havana ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Cuba.
N'Djamena
N'Djamena ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Chad.
Helsinki
Helsinki ni msumba wakusangika charu cha Finland mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Nicosia
Nicosia ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Cyprus.
Niamey
Niamey ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Niger.
Nairobi
Nairobi ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Kenya.
Harare
Harare ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Zimbabwe.
Malabo
Malabo ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Equatorial Guinea.
Dublin
Dublin ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Ireland.
Hargeisa
Hargeisa ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Somaliland.
Djibouti (city)
Djibouti ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Djibouti.
Dushanbe
Dushanbe ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Tajikistan.
Honiara
Honiara ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Solomon Islands.
Gaborone
Gaborone ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Botswana.
Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C. ndiwo msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha United States ku Amerika.
Funafuti
Funafuti ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo chakuzingilizgika na maji cha Tuvalu.
Doha
Doha ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Qatar.
Minsk
Minsk ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Belarus.
Prague
Prague ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Czech Republic.
Panama City
Panama City ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Panama.
Port Moresby
Port Moresby ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha New Guinea.
Juba
Juba ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha South Sudan.
Port-au-Prince
Port-au-Prince ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Haiti.
Kathmandu
Kathmandu ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Nepal.
Rabat
Rabat ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Morocco.
Port Louis
Port Louis ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Mauritius.
Phnom Penh
Phnom Penh ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Cambodia.
Charlie Tjoe
Charlie Tjoe ni msungwana uyo wakufumila mu chalo cha Australia ndipo wakukita ma filimu.
Imoza mwa filimu izo walikukitapo ni sewelo litali la Wentworth.
Roseau
Roseau ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Dominica.
Georgetown, Guyana
Georgetown, Guyana, ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Guyana.
Pristina
Pristina ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Kosovo.
Sofia
Sofia ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Bulgaria.
Hagåtña, Guam
Hagåtña, Guam ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Guam.
George Town, Cayman Islands
George Town, Cayman Islands, ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Cayman Islands,British West Indies.
Riga
Riga ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Latvia.
San José, Costa Rica
San José, Costa Rica ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Costa Rica.
Reykjavík
Reykjavík ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Iceland.
St. George's, Grenada
St. George's, Grenada ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Grenada.
Stockholm
Stockholm ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Sweden.
Ottawa
Ottawa ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Canada.
St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda
St. John's ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Antigua and Barbuda
Ouagadougou
Ouagadougou ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Burkina Faso.
Sukhumi
Sukhumi  ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Abkhazia.
Skopje
Skopje ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha North Macedonia.
Kabul
Kabul ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Afghanistan.
Rome
Rome ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Italy.
Tegucigalpa
Tegucigalpa ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Honduras.
Taipei
Taipei ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Taiwan.
Maputo
Maputo ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Mozambique.
Nur-Sultan
Nur-Sultan ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Kazakhstan.
Santo Domingo
Santo Domingo ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Dominican Republic.
City of San Marino
City of San Marino ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Republic of San Marino,ku Southern Europe.
Tehran
Tehran ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Iran.
Quito
Quito ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Ecuador.
Tripoli
Tripoli ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Libya.
Zagreb
Zagreb ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Croatia.
Montevideo
Montevideo ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Uruguay.
Managua
Managua ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Nicaragua.
Victoria, Seychelles
Victoria ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Seychelles.
Ulaanbaatar
Ulaanbaatar ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Mongolia.
San Salvador
San Salvador ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha  El Salvador.
Suva
Suva ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Fiji.
Abuja
Abuja ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Nigeria.
Tunis
Tunis ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Tunisia.
Saipan
Saipan ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Northern Mariana Islands.
Kingstown
Kingstown ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Saint Vincent na the Grenadines.
Bangui
Bangui ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Central African Republic.
Banjul
Banjul ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Gambia.
Gitega
Gitega ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Burundi.
Vaduz
Vaduz ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Liechtenstein.
Chișinău
Chișinău ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Republic of Moldova.
Pretoria
Pretoria ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu cha South Africa.
Pago Pago
Pago Pago ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha American Samoa.
Arctic Ocean
Arctic Ocean ni nyanja iyo njidoko kweneso njifupi chomene za kunjila pasi pa nyanja zose 5 zikulu za chalo (oceans).
Yerevan
Yerevan ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Armenia.
Tirana
Tirana ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Albania.
Utah
Utah ni imoza mwa ma states gha chalo cha United States of America.
Antananarivo
Antananarivo ni msumba ukulu wa boma mu chalo cha Madagascar.