cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Los Angeles
Boma
Los Angeles ni msumba uwo uli pasi pa dango la ŵanthu wose, kweni ni msumba uwo uli pasi pa dango la ŵanthu wose yayi. Ndondomeko iyo yilipo sono yikapelekeka pa Juni 8, 1999, ndipo yasinthika kanandi waka. Boma ilo likusankhika na ŵanthu likupangika na wupu wa boma la Los Angeles City Council na meya wa Los Angeles, awo ŵakugwira ntchito mu boma la meya, kweniso loya wa boma (kuti waleke kupusikika na loya wa chigaŵa, ofesi ya chigaŵa) na mulongozgi wa boma. Meya wa tawuni iyi ni Karen Bass. Pali vigaŵa 15 vya makomiti gha tawuni.
Chikalata cha msumba wa Los Angeles icho chikazomerezgeka na ŵanthu awo ŵakasora mu 1999 chikapangiska kuti paŵe ma komiti agho ghakwimira ŵanthu wose awo ŵakukhala mu muzi uwu, awo ŵakugwira ntchito panji awo ŵali na katundu wawo. Makomiti gha vigaŵa ghakulaŵilira vinthu paŵekha ndipo ghakusankha ŵekha umo ŵacitirenge vinthu, ghakusankha mphaka zawo, ghakupanga malango ghawo, na kusora ŵalaraŵalara ŵawo. Pali makomiti gha vigaŵa pafupifupi 90.
Bàscara
Bàscara ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Los Angeles
Boma
Ŵanthu ŵa ku Los Angeles ŵakusora ŵalaŵiliri ŵa vigaŵa 1, 2, 3, na 4.
Boadella i les Escaules
Boadella i les Escaules ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Poysdorf
Poysdorf ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Los Angeles
Federal and state representation
Mu Nyumba ya Malamulo ya California, Los Angeles wali kugaŵikana pakati pa vigaŵa 14. Mu chigaŵa cha California, msumba uwu uli na vigaŵa 8. Mu Nyumba ya Malamulo ya United States, yili na vigaŵa 9.
Petronell-Carnuntum
Petronell-Carnuntum ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Prellenkirchen
Prellenkirchen ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Los Angeles
Colleges and universities
Pali ma yunivesite ghatatu mu msumba uwu: California State University, Los Angeles (CSULA), California State University, Northridge (CSUN) na University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).
Pottendorf
Pottendorf ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Los Angeles
Colleges and universities
Ma koleji ghapadera mu msumba uwu ni agha:
Sukulu ya Community College yili na ma campus 9 agho ghakulongozgeka na ma trustees gha Los Angeles Community College District:
Sukulu
Vigaŵa vichoko waka vya Los Angeles vili mu Inglewood Unified School District, na Las Virgenes Unified School District. Ofesi ya Maphunziro ya Los Angeles County ikugwira ntchito ya Los Angeles County High School for the Arts.
Bolvir
Bolvir ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Pöggstall
Pöggstall ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Los Angeles
Wayilesi
Nyuzipepara yikuru ya mu ciyowoyero ca Cingelezi iyo yikufuma zuŵa lililose mu cigaŵa ici ni Los Angeles Times. La Opinión ni nyuzipepara yikuru ya Cisipanishi ya mu msumba uwu. The Korea Times ni nyuzipepara yikuru ya mu chiyowoyero cha ku Korea, ndipo The World Journal ni nyuzipepara yikuru ya chiyowoyero cha ku China. Nyuzipepara ya Los Angeles Sentinel ni nyuzipepara yikuru ya mu msumba uwu iyo yikulembeka na ŵanthu ŵa ku America. Magazini ya Investor's Business Daily yikufuma ku maofesi agho ghali ku Los Angeles, ku Playa del Rey. Ma TV ghanayi ghakurughakuru, pamoza na Telemundo na Univision, nawo ŵali na masiteshoni agho ghakupharazga ku Los Angeles na ku West Coast: KABC-TV ya ABC (Channel 7), KCBS-TV ya CBS (Channel 2), KTTV-TV ya Fox (Channel 11), KNBC-TV ya NBC (Channel 4), KCOP-TV ya MyNetworkTV (Channel 13), KEAV-TV ya Telemundo (Channel 52), na KMEX-TV ya Univision (Channel 34). Chigawochi chili ndi masiteshoni anayi a PBS, pomwe KCET, idalumikizananso ndi netiweki ngati wachiwiri wachiwiri mu Ogasiti 2019, atakhala zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zapitazi ngati wailesi yakanema yayikulu kwambiri mdzikolo. KTBN (Channel 40) ni wayilesi yakumanyikwa ya Trinity Broadcasting Network, iyo yili ku Santa Ana. Vipharazgo vinandi vya pa TV, nga ni KCAL-TV (Channel 9) na KTLA-TV (Channel 5), vikuyowoyeka mu chigaŵa ichi. Paliso manyuzipepara ghanyake ghacoko gha ku malo agha, nga ni Los Angeles Register, Los Angeles Community News, Los Angeles Daily News, LA Weekly, L.A. Mu magazini iyi muli nkhani za ku Greater Los Angeles, Los Angeles Magazine, Los Angeles Business Journal, Los Angeles Daily Journal, The Hollywood Reporter, Variety, na Los Angeles Downtown News. Padera pa manyuzipepara ghakurughakuru, pali manyuzipepara ghanandi agho ghakulembeka mu viyowoyero ivyo ŵanthu ŵakufuma mu vyaru vinyake ŵakuyowoya, nga ni Ciarmenia, Cingelezi, Cikoreya, Ciperesiya, Cirussia, Cichayina, Cijapani, Cihebere, na Ciarabu. Misumba yinandi iyo yili pafupi na Los Angeles yili na manyuzipepara agho ghakulembeka zuŵa lililose.
Mwaciyelezgero, magazini ya The Daily Breeze (iyo yikupharazga ku South Bay), na The Long Beach Press-Telegram.
Nkhani za luso, chikhalidwe ndi moyo wausiku ku Los Angeles zikufotokozedwanso ndi owongolera angapo am'deralo ndi mayiko, kuphatikiza Time Out Los Angeles, Thrillist, Kristin's List, DailyCandy, Diversity News Magazine, LAist, ndi Flavorpill.
Freeways
Msumba uwu na vigaŵa vinyake vya mu msumba wa Los Angeles vili na misewu yinandi. Lipoti la Texas Transportation Institute la Urban Mobility Report likati mu 2019 misewu ya ku Los Angeles ndiyo yikaŵa yakusuzga chomene ku United States. Kufuma pa malo agha pakaŵa ku San Francisco/Oakland, Washington, D.C., na Miami. Nangauli mu msumba uwu muli magalimoto ghanandi, kweni ŵanthu awo ŵakwenda mu msumba wa Los Angeles ŵakwenda nyengo yifupi kuluska awo ŵakwenda mu misumba yinyake yikuruyikuru nga ni New York City, Philadelphia, na Chicago. Ku Los Angeles, pa avereji, munthu wakendanga maminiti 29.2 kuti wakafike ku nchito, ndipo nyengo iyi yikuyana waka na ya ku San Francisco na Washington, D.C.
Misewu yikuru iyo yikusazga LA na vyaru vinyake ni Interstate 5, iyo yikwenda kumwera kufuma ku San Diego kuya ku Tijuana ku Mexico na kumpoto kufuma ku Sacramento, Portland, na Seattle kuya ku mphaka ya Canada na US; Interstate 10, iyo yili kumwera chomene kumafumiro gha dazi kuya kumanjiliro gha dazi, ndipo yikwenda kufuma ku mphepete ya nyanja kukafika ku Jacksonville, Florida; na U.S. Nthowa ya 101, iyo yikuluta ku California Central Coast, San Francisco, ku Redwood Empire, na ku Oregon na Washington.
Public transit
Ku Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (LA County Metro) na mabungwe ghanyake ghakupambanapambana ghakwendeska magalimoto gha pa msewu, kweniso magalimoto gha pasi pa mtunda na magalimoto gha pa njanji mu chigaŵa chose cha Los Angeles, ndipo mwezi uliwose ŵanthu ŵakukwana 38.8 miliyoni ŵakukwera magalimoto agha. Pa ŵanthu aŵa, ŵanandi (30.5 miliyoni) ŵakwenda pa mabasi gha mu msumba uwu, agho ni ghaciŵiri pa mabasi ghose mu caru ici. Mwezi uliwose, ŵanthu pafupifupi 8.2 miliyoni ŵakakweranga sitima ya pasi pa mtunda. Mu chaka cha 2017, ŵanthu ŵakukwana 397 miliyoni ŵakakwera mabasi, ndipo ŵanthu pafupifupi 285 miliyoni ŵakakwera mabasi ndipo ŵanthu pafupifupi 113 miliyoni ŵakakwera njanji. Mu chigaŵa chakwamba cha chaka cha 2018, ŵanthu ŵakukwana 95 miliyoni ŵakakwera sitima, ndipo mu chigaŵa ichi ŵanthu ŵakukwana 98 miliyoni ŵakakwera sitima mu chaka cha 2017, ndipo mu chigaŵa ichi ŵanthu ŵakukwana 105 miliyoni ŵakakwera sitima mu chaka cha 2016. Mu 2005, ŵanthu 10.2% mu msumba wa Los Angeles ŵakendanga na magalimoto. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa American Community Survey wa 2016, 9.2% ya ogwira ntchito ku Los Angeles (mzinda) adapita kuntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zoyendera pagulu. Msewu wa pasi pa mtunda uwo ukujumpha mu msumba uwu, ndiwo uli pa nambara 9 pa misewu yinandi iyo yikujumpha mu United States. Msewu uwu uli na misewu ya B na D, kweniso misewu ya A, C, E, na K. Mu 2016, E Line yikafika ku Pacific Ocean pa Santa Monica. Msewu wa Metro G na J ni misewu ya mabasi agho ghakwenda mwaluŵiro. Kuzakafika mu 2022, masiteshoni gha sitima ya light rail ghazamuŵa 99. Msumba uwu uli na njanji iyo yikufuma ku Los Angeles kuluta ku vigaŵa vyapafupi.
Padera pa masitima agho ghakupelekeka na Metrolink na Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority, ku Los Angeles kukwendekaso sitima za Amtrak. Siteshoni ya njanji yikuru mu msumba uwu ni Union Station kumpoto kwa Downtown.
Kweniso, tawuni iyi yikupanga mabasi gha pa tawuni iyi na gha ku malo ghanyake kwizira mu dipatimenti yakuwona vya mendero ya ku Los Angeles, panji kuti LADOT.
Airports
Ndege yikuru ya pa charu chose na ya pa charu chapasi iyo yikulongozgera ku Los Angeles ni Ndege ya pa charu cose ya Los Angeles (IATA: LAX, ICAO: KLAX), iyo yikumanyikwa na code ya pa ndege iyi, LAX. Malo agha ghali ku Westside ku Los Angeles pafupi na Sofi Stadium ku Inglewood.
Pali viŵanja vikuru-vikuru vya ndege ivyo vili pafupi na malo agha:
Limoza mwa ma eyapoti ghakurughakuru chomene pa charu chose ghakusangika ku Los Angeles: Van Nuys Airport.
Seaports
Mzinda wa Port of Los Angeles uli ku San Pedro Bay mu chigaŵa cha San Pedro, pafupifupi makilomita 20 kumwera kwa Downtown. Mumphepete mwa nyanja iyi muli malo ghakurughakuru agho ghakukwana makilomita 69. Mumphepete mwa nyanja iyi muli nyanja yinyake yakuchemeka Long Beach.
Cantallops
Cantallops ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Los Angeles
Seaports
Maboti gha ku Port of Los Angeles na Port of Long Beach pamoza ghakupanga Los Angeles/Long Beach Harbor. Madowoko ghaŵiri agha ngakwamba pa madoko ghose gha vyamuminda pa charu chose chapasi, ndipo mu 2008 ghakatumizganga vyamuminda vyakujumpha 14.2 miliyoni. Port of Los Angeles ndiyo yili na ma container ghanandi chomene ku United States ndipo ndiyo yili na ma cruise ghanandi chomene pa West Coast ya United States -  The Port of Los Angeles's World Cruise Center yikawovwira ŵanthu pafupifupi 590,000 mu 2014.
Fontanals de Cerdanya
Fontanals de Cerdanya ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Los Angeles
Seaports
Paliso madoko ghanyake agho ghakukhala ŵanthu ŵanandi agho ghali mumphepete mwa nyanja ya Los Angeles. Mumphepete mwa nyanja iyi muli maboti ghanayi: Vincent Thomas Bridge, Henry Ford Bridge, Long Beach International Gateway Bridge, na Commodore Schuyler F. Mlatho wa Heim. Sitima ya Catalina Express ndiyo yikwenda kufuma ku San Pedro kuya ku Avalon (na Two Harbors) pa Santa Catalina Island.
Misumba yakuyana mazina
Los Angeles has 25 sister cities, listed chronologically by year joined:
In addition, Los Angeles has the following "friendship cities":
Fontanilles
Fontanilles ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Bordils
Bordils ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Prinzersdorf
Prinzersdorf ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Cadaqués
Cadaqués ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Castell-Platja d'Aro
Castell-Platja d'Aro ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Prottes
Prottes ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Fornells de la Selva
Fornells de la Selva ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Puchenstuben
Puchenstuben ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Pürschling
Pürschling ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Garrigàs
Garrigàs ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Garrigoles
Garrigoles ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Pyhra
Pyhra ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Pernersdorf
Pernersdorf ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Purgstall an der Erlauf
Purgstall an der Erlauf ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Prigglitz
Prigglitz ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Pfaffenschlag bei Waidhofen
Pfaffenschlag bei Waidhofen ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Pulkau
Pulkau ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Puchberg am Schneeberg
Puchberg am Schneeberg ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Purkersdorf
Purkersdorf ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Crespià
Crespià ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Raabs an der Thaya
Raabs an der Thaya ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Ger (Spain)
Ger ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Raach am Hochgebirge
Raach am Hochgebirge ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Raasdorf
Raasdorf ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Cruïlles, Monells i Sant Sadurní de l'Heura
Cruïlles, Monells i Sant Sadurní de l'Heura ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Rabensburg
Rabensburg ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Rabenstein an der Pielach
Rabenstein an der Pielach ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Figueres
Figueres ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Rastenfeld
Rastenfeld ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Rauchenwarth
Rauchenwarth ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Ravelsbach
Ravelsbach ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
El Far d'Empordà
El Far d'Empordà ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Darnius
Darnius ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Espolla
Espolla ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Reichenau an der Rax
Reichenau an der Rax ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Das (Spain)
Das ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Flaçà
Flaçà ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Ramsau, Lower Austria
Ramsau, Lower Austria ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Raxendorf
Raxendorf ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Espinelves
Espinelves ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Fontcoberta
Fontcoberta ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Reingers
Reingers ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Nöchling
Nöchling ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Ottenschlag
Ottenschlag ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Celrà
Celrà ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Reinsberg, Austria
Reinsberg, Austria ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Foixà
Foixà ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Cervià de Ter
Cervià de Ter ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Garriguella
Garriguella ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
El Port de la Selva
El Port de la Selva ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Cistella
Cistella ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Rappottenstein
Rappottenstein ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Kaltenleutgeben
Kaltenleutgeben ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Castelló d'Empúries
Castelló d'Empúries ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Gombrèn
Gombrèn ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Meiseldorf
Meiseldorf ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Grafenbach-Sankt Valentin
Grafenbach-Sankt Valentin ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Hostalric
Hostalric ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Cornellà del Terri
Cornellà del Terri ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Guils de Cerdanya
Guils de Cerdanya ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Kasten bei Böheimkirchen
Kasten bei Böheimkirchen ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Grimmenstein
Grimmenstein ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Mautern an der Donau
Mautern an der Donau ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Randegg
Randegg ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Krummnußbaum
Krummnußbaum ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Langenzersdorf
Langenzersdorf ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Corçà
Corçà ni muzi uwo ukusangika mu chigaŵa cha Girona mu malo ghakulu gha Catalonia mu charu cha Spain.
Groß-Enzersdorf
Groß-Enzersdorf ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Sierra Leone
Sierra Leone, mwalamulo Charu cha Sierra Leone, ni chalo icho chili ku mpoto kwa Africa. Kumwera kwa charu ichi kuli Liberia, ndipo kumpoto kwake kuli charu cha Guinea. Malo ghose agho ghakukwana 71,740 km2 (27,699 sq mi), Ku Sierra Leone kuli mphepo yakotcha, ndipo kuli malo ghakupambanapambana. Ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu charu ichi ŵakaŵa 7,092,113. Msumba wa Freetown ndiwo ni msumba ukuru chomene. Charu chili na vigaŵa vinkhondi, ndipo vigaŵa ivi vili mu vigaŵa 16.
Sierra Leone ni charu icho chili na dango lakuyana na malango ndipo chili na nyumba yimoza ya maparamendi. Pulezidenti wa sono ni Julius Maada Bio. Sierra Leone ni caru ico cikulondezga yayi visambizgo vya boma. Ŵasilamu ŵalipo pafupifupi vigaŵa vitatu pa vigaŵa vinayi vya ŵanthu wose ŵa mu charu ichi. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ku Sierra Leone ŵakutemwa kusopa mwakufwatuka, ndipo ichi ntchimanyikwiro cha ŵanthu ŵa mu charu ichi.
Chigaŵa ichi chikaŵa na ŵanthu kwa vyaka vinandi, kweni Sierra Leone, nga umo charu ichi na mphaka zake vikumanyikwira mazuŵa ghano, chikazengeka na ufumu wa Britain mu vigaŵa viŵiri: chakwamba, Sierra Leone Colony mu 1808 (pakuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ŵakawelera kwawo chifukwa cha kulekeska wuzga); chachiŵiri, Protectorate mu 1896 (pakuti ufumu ukakhumbikwiranga kuwusa chomene mu charu chifukwa cha ivyo vikachitika pa ungano wa ku Berlin mu 1884-1885). Lekani charu ichi chikachemekanga Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate panji British Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone yikamba kujiyimira pawekha pa 27 Epulero, 1961, ndipo yikazgoka chigaŵa cha Commonwealth pa zuŵa lenelili. Milton Margai wakaŵa nduna yikuru yakwamba ya Sierra Leone.
Mu vyaka vyakumasinda, Sierra Leone yikaŵa na masuzgo gha ndyali, kusinthika kwa vinthu, vivulupi, kweniso masuzgo gha vya ŵanthu. Charu ichi chikaŵa na mavoti ghakwamba pa 27 May 1961. Chipani cha Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) cha Margai chikapokera vithuzithuzi vinandi mu Nyumba ya Malamulo ndipo wakasankhikaso kuŵa nduna yikuru. Mu 1971, pakaŵa dango liphya ilo likawovwira kuti Sierra Leone waŵe charu cha demokilase. Stevens wakasunga udindo uwu kwa virimika 14 (m'paka 1985) mu boma la chipani cimoza ilo likaŵa na fundo zakususkana na malango gha mu 1978. Ndipouli, Joseph Saidu Momoh, uyo wakasankhika na Stevens, wakalayizga kuti wazamuwezgera caru ku ndondomeko ya vyaru vinandi. Mu chaka chenechichi, pakawuka nkhondo ya pawenenawene iyo yikatora vyaka 11. Mu 1992, pati pajumpha waka cilimika cimoza nkhondo yati yayamba, Pulezidenti Momoh wakawuskika pa udindo mu boma na kugalukira boma. Nyengo yikati yajumphapo, mulara wa ŵasilikari, Julius Maada Bio, wakawuskapo Strasser pa udindo wake cifukwa wakatondeka kusintha vinthu mwaluŵiro. Bio wakaweleraso ku boma la demokilase mu 1996 kwizira mu maungano gha chalo.
Kuuyambiro wa 1996, nangauli caru cikaŵa mu nkhondo ya cikaya, kweni ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Sierra Leone ŵakaŵa na cilindizga ciwemi cakuti ŵazakawelere ku boma la demokilase. Paumaliro, fundo yakuti, "Visola pambere mtende undaŵeko" ndiyo yikaluska. Mu 1996, Ahmad Tejan Kabbah ndiyo wakathereska mavoti ndipo wakaŵa pulezidenti wakwamba wa Sierra Leone uyo wakasankhika na maboma ghanandi. Kufuma waka pa nyengo iyi, ŵanthu ŵakuluta ku maungano mwakukolerana. Mu 1997, Kabbah wakawuskika pa udindo mu boma na mulara wa ŵasilikari wa Sierra Leone, Johnny Paul Koroma. Kabbah wakaluta ku charu cha Guinea. Wakawezgekeramo mu uteŵeti wake pamanyuma pa myezi yinkhondi na umoza cifukwa ca kunjilirapo kwa ŵasilikari ŵa ECOMOG. Mulimo wa Kabbah ukaŵa wakwamba kwa Sierra Leone yiphya, iyo yikaŵa na umaliro wa nkhondo ya pa cikaya mu 2002, kughanaghanira comene za kukhozga umoza na kuphemana, kugomezga boma, mtende na kukhazikika, kusintha ubwezi na vyaru vinandi, na kuwuskapo ŵasilikari ŵa Sierra Leone.
Ku Sierra Leone kuli mafuko pafupifupi 18. Pa ŵanthu wose ŵa mu charu ichi, ŵanthu ŵaŵiri pa ŵaŵiri ŵali mu mtundu wa Creole. Chingelezi ndicho chikuyowoyeka pa sukulu na mu boma. Chiyowoyero cha Krio ndicho chikuyowoyeka chomene mu Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone njakuzura na vinthu vyakuthupi, comenecomene dayamondi, golide, bauxite na aluminiyamu. Charu ichi chili mu wupu wa United Nations, African Union, Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), Mano River Union, Commonwealth of Nations, IMF, World Bank, WTO, African Development Bank, na Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. Ku Sierra Leone ndiko kuli yunivesite yakwamba ya ku Western ku sub-Saharan Africa: Fourah Bay College (iyo yikambika mu 1827).
Zina
Zina la charu ichi lili kufuma ku mapiri gha Lion Mountains agho ghali kufupi na Freetown. Mu 1462, Pedro de Sintra, uyo wakaŵa mulendo wa ku Portugal, wakambiska chigaŵa ichi, ndipo wakachichema kuti Sierra Leoa..
Mbiri yakwambilira
Nkhorongo ya Sierra Leone na malo ghake ghakubinkha ghakawonekanga kuti munthu wangakanjiramo yayi. Malo agha ghakavikiliranga ŵanthu ŵake ku ŵanthu ŵa ku Mandinka na maufumu ghanyake gha ku Africa, ndipo ghakaŵa na mazaza gha Ufumu wa Mali. Chisilamu chikapharazgika na ŵamalonda ŵa ku Susu, na awo ŵakasamukira ku vyaru vya kumpoto na kumafumiro gha dazi.
Kuguliska vinthu ku Europe
Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1400, ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe ndiwo ŵakamba kufika ku Sierra Leone. Mu 1462, Pedro de Sintra, uyo wakafumanga ku Portugal, wakalemba mapu gha mapiri agho ghali kuzingilizga Freetown Harbour. Mu Cisipanishi, zina ili ŵali kung'anamura kuti Sierra Leone, ndipo pamasinda ŵakasintha zina ili na kulemba mwakubudika. Nangauli Pulofesa C. Magbaily Fyle, ivi vingaŵa kuti vikaŵa viheni waka. Pulofesa Fyle wakati, pali ukaboni wakuti ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakachemanga chigaŵa ichi kuti Serra Lyoa pambere chaka cha 1462 chindafike. Ichi chikung'anamura kuti uyo wakalemba zina la Sierra Leone tikumanya yayi. Pakati pajumpha nyengo yicoko waka kufuma apo Sintra wakendera, ŵamalonda ŵa ku Portugal ŵakamba kwiza ku dowoko ili. Kuzakafika mu 1495, ŵakaŵa kuti ŵazenga malo ghakukhora gha malonda mumphepete mwa nyanja.
Ŵamalonda ŵakufuma ku vyaru vya ku Europe nga ni Netherlands, England, na France nawo ŵakamba kwiza ku Sierra Leone na kukhazikiska malo ghakuguliskirako. Mwaluŵiro, malo agha ghakamba kuguliska ŵazga, awo ŵakiza na ŵamalonda ŵakufuma mu vyaru vinyake. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe ŵakapelekanga ndalama za renti, msonkho, na malonda kwa fumu ya mu cigaŵa. Ŵamalonda ŵa ku Africa na ku Europe ndiwo ŵakagwiliskiranga ntchito nga ni ŵimiliri. Sir Francis Drake wakafika ku Sierra Leone pa Julayi 22, 1580. Chirwa cha Bunce, icho chili mumphepete mwa Mlonga wa Sierra Leone, ndicho ŵakaguliskanga ŵazga ku Europe. Kufikira apo dango la malonda gha ŵazga likakhazikiskikira mu 1807, cirwa ici cikendeskekanga na kampani ya ku London yakucemeka Grant, Oswald & Company, iyo yikakhalanga pa cirwa ici mu 1748.
Ŵakavu ŵa ku London
Awo ŵakakolerananga na wuzga ŵakasuskanga ŵanthu ŵakavu ŵa mtundu wa Black kuti ndiwo ŵakapangiska vigeŵenga vinandi ku London. Nangauli mu muzi uwu mukaŵa ŵanakazi ŵanandi, kweni ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu chigaŵa ichi ŵakaŵa ŵanalume pera. Edward Long, uyo wakaŵa mweneko wa ŵazga, wakasuskanga nthengwa za ŵanalume ŵazungu na ŵanakazi ŵazungu. Ndipouli, pa ulendo wa pakati pa Plymouth, England, na Sierra Leone, ŵanakazi na ŵawoli 70 ŵa ku Europe ŵakaluta nawo.
Ŵanandi ku London ŵakaghanaghananga kuti para ŵangaluta ku Sierra Leone mbwenu ŵazamuleka ukavu. Nkhwantha yinyake yakuchemeka Henry Smeathman ndiyo yikalemba ndondomeko iyi ndipo yikakondweska ŵanthu nga ni Granville Sharp. Nyengo yichoko waka, ŵalara ŵa boma nawo ŵakamba kunjilirapo pa ndondomeko iyi, nangauli ŵakakondwa comene cifukwa cakuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakavu ŵakeneranga kusamira kunyake. William Pitt Muwukirano, nduna yikuru ndiposo mulongozgi wa chipani cha Tory, wakakhumbanga comene kuti ndondomeko iyi yikwendere makora cifukwa wakawonanga kuti ni nthowa yakuwezgera ŵakavu ku Africa, cifukwa "ŵakaŵa ŵakukhumbikwa kuti ŵatumizgike ku malo ghanyake, mwakuti ŵaleke kutangwanika comene mu misewu ya London".
Chigaŵa cha Ufulu
Mu 1787, boma la Britain likakhazikiska malo ghanyake mu Sierra Leone agho ghakachemekanga "Chigaŵa cha Wanangwa". Pa Meyi 15, 1787, ŵanthu pafupifupi 400 ŵa mitundu yinyake na 60 ŵa mitundu yinyake ŵakafika ku Sierra Leone. Ŵakati ŵakhazikiska tawuni ya Granville, ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakakhalanga mu tawuni iyi ŵakafwa chifukwa cha matenda na nkhondo izo ŵakachitanga na ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa (Temne). Apo ngaraŵa zikafumanga mu Seputembala, unandi wawo ukaŵa "ŵanthu 276, ŵanalume ŵaŵisi 212, ŵanakazi ŵaŵisi 30, ŵanalume ŵazungu 5 na ŵanakazi ŵazungu 29".
Ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalako ŵakacicizga mulongozgi munyake wa ku Africa kuti waŵapoke caru, kweni iyo wakawezgera, wakawukira cigaŵa ici, ico cikaŵa na ŵanthu 64 pera. Ŵamalonda ŵambura mahara ŵakakoranga ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yinyake na kuŵaguliska nga mbazga. Ŵanthu 64 awo ŵakakhalako ŵakakhazikiska tawuni yaciŵiri ya Granville.
Ŵanthu ŵa ku Nova Scotia
Pamanyuma pa Nkhondo Yakwamba ya ku America, ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 3,000 awo ŵakaŵa ŵakugomezgeka ku ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yinyake ŵakakhalanga ku Nova Scotia. Ŵakazenga tawuni ya Birchtown, kweni ŵakasuzgika na nyengo yakuzizima ya ku mpoto kweniso kusankhana mitundu. Thomas Peters wakapempha boma la Britain kuti liŵawovwire; pamoza na John Clarkson, uyo wakawovwirapo pa nkhani ya kuswa malango, ŵakakhazikiska kampani ya Sierra Leone Company kuti yikawovwire ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Black Loyalists awo ŵakakhumbanga kuluta ku West Africa. Mu 1792 ŵanthu pafupifupi 1,200 ŵakufuma ku Nova Scotia ŵakambuka Nyanja ya Atlantic kuti ŵakazenge cigaŵa caciŵiri ca Sierra Leone. Ku Sierra Leone ŵakacemekanga kuti New Scotian Settlers, New Scotians, panji Settlers. Pakwamba Clarkson wakazomerezga yayi kuti ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalapo mu tawuni ya Granville ŵanjire mu tawuni yiphya iyi. Ŵanthu aŵa ŵakazenga msumba wa Freetown mwakuyana na umo ŵakachitiranga kumwera kwa America. Kweniso ŵanthu ŵanandi mu Freetown ŵakalutilira kusopa ŵa Methodist.
Ŵanthu ŵa ku Jamaica na Ŵafrika Awo Ŵakafwatuka
Wupu wa Sierra Leone Company, uwo ukendeskekanga na ŵanthu ŵakufuma ku London, ukakana kuzomerezga ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu charu ichi kuti ŵatore malo agha. Mu 1799, ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakagaluka. Boma la Jamaica likathereska ŵanthu awo ŵakagalukira boma ili, ndipo likaŵawovwira na ŵasilikari ŵakujumpha 500 awo ŵakafuma ku Cudjoe's Town (Trelawny Town) na kuluta ku Nova Scotia mu 1800. Pakulongozgeka na Koloneli Montague James, mbumba iyi yikawovwira ŵasilikari kuti ŵamazge chigaluka.
Pa 1 Janyuwale, 1808, Thomas Ludlam, kazembe wa Sierra Leone Company na munthu wakulongozga pa nkhani ya kufumiska vigeŵenga, wakapeleka chikalata cha kampani iyi. Ici cikapangiska kuti ŵaleke kwendeska koloni kwa vilimika 16. Boma la Britain likambaso kuzenga kampani ya Sierra Leone Company kuti yiŵe wupu wakuwona vya ku Africa. Ŵabali ŵake ŵakaŵa ŵa ku Britain, awo ŵakakhumbanga kukhuŵilizga ŵamalonda ŵa ku Sierra Leone, kweniso awo ŵakakhumbanga kuti ŵagwirenge ntchito mu kampani ya Macauley & Babington Company.
Pa nyengo yeneyira (panyuma pakuti malonda gha ŵazga ghalekeskeka mu 1807), ŵasilikari ŵa Royal Navy ŵakaluta na ŵazga ŵanandi ŵa ku Africa ku Freetown. Ŵanthu aŵa ŵakaŵaguliskanga ndalama zakukwana madola 20 pa munthu yumoza. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakafwatuka ŵakaŵacitiranga nkhaza comene cifukwa ŵanji awo ŵakakhalanga mu caru ici ŵakaŵawonanga kuti mbanthu ŵawo. Ŵakati ŵafumako ku vyaru vyawo na mitheto yawo, ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ŵakacicizgika kuzgoŵerana na ŵanthu ŵa ku Western. Mwaciyelezgero, ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵa ku Africa ŵakacicizgika kusintha zina lawo na kulizunura ku ŵanthu ŵa ku Western. Nangauli ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakakondwa chomene na kusintha uku chifukwa ŵakawonanga kuti ntchigaŵa cha ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga nawo, kweni ŵanyake ŵakakondwa yayi na kusintha uku ndipo ŵakakhumbanga kulutilira kuŵa ŵekha. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakafwatuka ku wuzga ŵakaŵa ŵambura kukondwa mwakuti ŵakaleka Sierra Leone na kuwelera ku vikaya vyawo. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakafwatuka, ŵakasintha mitheto yawo kuti yikolerane na ya ŵanthu ŵa ku Nova Scotia, Maroons, na ŵa ku Europe. Apo ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakafwatuka ku wuzga ŵakendanga makora na kuthandazga Chikhristu mu vyaru vya kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Africa, ŵakatorana na ŵanthu ŵa ku Nova Scotia na Maroons.
Ŵanthu aŵa ŵakafuma ku vigaŵa vinandi vya mu Africa, kweni comene ŵakaŵa ŵa ku mizi ya kumanjiliro gha dazi. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1800, ŵanthu ŵakufuma ku vyaru vya ku Africa na ku Liberia awo ŵakaŵa ŵakufwatuka ku wuzga, kweniso ŵanthu ŵakufuma ku vyaru vya ku Caribbean, chomenechomene ŵa ku Jamaica, nawo ŵakaluta ku Freetown. Ŵanthu aŵa pamoza ndiwo ŵakapangiska mtundu wa Krio na chiyowoyero cha Cireole chakuchemeka English (Krio), icho ni chiyowoyero icho ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuyowoya mu charu ichi.
Nyengo ya Chikoloni (1800-1961)
Ŵanthu ŵa ku Sierra Leone awo ŵakakhalanga mu charu ichi m'ma 1800, ŵakaŵa ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakiza mu charu ichi mu 1807. Para ŵafika ku Sierra Leone, waliyose ŵakapelekanga nambara yake ya kulembeska, ndipo uthenga wakukhwaskana na umo waliri ukalembekanga mu buku la ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakafwatuka. Kanandi mabuku agha ghakaŵanga gha ŵanthu yayi ndipo ghakaŵanga na malemba ghambura kwenelera. Kweniso, mphambano pakati pa Register of Liberated Africans of 1808 na List of Captured Negroes of 1812 (iyo yikayananga na chikalata cha 1808) yikulongora kuti pakaŵa mphambano pakati pa mazina gha ŵanthu awo ŵakakoleka; ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakakoleka ŵakasankha kusintha mazina ghawo kuti ghaŵe gha Chingelezi.
Kukwambilira kwa vyaka vya m'ma 1800, Freetown yikaŵa malo ghakukhala kazembe wa Britain uyo wakalamuliranga chigaŵa cha Gold Coast (lero ni Ghana) na Gambia. Sierra Leone ndiyo yikaŵa likuru la masambiro mu Britain West Africa. Mu 1827, ŵa ku Britain ŵakambiska koleji ya Fourah Bay, iyo yikatora ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakayowoyanga Chingelezi. Kwa vyaka vyakujumpha 100, yunivesite iyi ndiyo yikaŵa ya ku Europe pera ku Africa. Samuel Ajayi Crowther wakaŵa musambiri wakwamba ku Fourah Bay. Nyengo yichoko waka, kholeji la Fourah Bay likakopa ŵanthu ŵa ku Sierra Leone na ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakakhumbanga kusambira masambiro ghapachanya ku British West Africa. Ŵanthu aŵa ŵakaŵa ŵa ku Nigeria, Ghana, Ivory Coast na ŵanyake ŵanandi, comenecomene awo ŵakasambiranga vya cisopa na masambiro. Msumba wa Freetown ukuchemeka "Athens wa ku Africa" chifukwa cha masukulu ghanandi ghawemi agho ghakaŵa mu msumba uwu. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Britain ŵakenderananga chomene na ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Krio awo ŵakakhalanga ku Freetown. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Krios awo ŵakaŵa ŵasambizgi, ŵakaŵa na maudindo ghanandi mu boma la ku malo agha, ndipo ŵakaŵanga na maudindo ghapacanya. Pamanyuma pa ungano wa ku Berlin wa mu 1884-1885, ŵa ku Britain ŵakaghanaghana kuti ŵakwenera kuwusa vigaŵa vya mukati mwa charu kuti ŵafiske ivyo ŵamazaza ŵa ku Europe ŵakavizunura kuti "kuwusa makora". Mu 1896, charu ichi chikamba kulamulira vigaŵa ivi na kuvizgora vigaŵa vya Sierra Leone. Ntheura, Ŵanung'una ŵakamba kusazgirako mazaza ghawo mu chigaŵa ichi. Ŵakalembapo ŵanthu ŵa ku Britain kuti ŵateŵeterenge mu maofesi agha.
Pa nyengo iyo ŵasilikari ŵa Britain ŵakatoranga Sierra Leone, ŵalongozgi ŵanandi ŵa kumpoto na kumwera kwa charu ichi ŵakasuskanga "msonkho wa nyumba" uwo ŵakakolerana nawo. Ku mpoto, kwambira mu 1820 m'paka mu 1906, kukaŵa mulongozgi wa Limba zina lake Almamy Suluku uyo wakalamuliranga chigaŵa chake kwa vyaka vinandi, wakarwa kuti wavikilire chigaŵa chake, uku wakuchita vinthu mwauryarya kuti wapusike ŵalongozgi ŵa boma apo wakatumanga ŵasilikari kuti ŵawovwire Bai Bureh, mulongozgi wakuzirwa wa Temne mu Kasseh uyo wakarwa na "msonkho wa nyumba" wa ŵalongozgi ŵa vyaru. Nkhondo iyi yikamanyikwa kuti Nkhondo ya Msonkho. Munthu munyake wakumanyikwa mu mbiri ya Sierra Leone ni Bai Sherbro (c. 1830–1912). Bai Sherbro wakaŵa mulongozgi wa ŵasilikari ndipo wakakhalanga pa cirwa ca Bonthe, kumwera ca kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa caru ici. Nga ni Bai Bureh, nayo wakalimbana na ŵa ku Britain. Sherbro wakatumaso ŵasilikari ŵake kuti ŵawovwire Bai Bureh pakurwa nkhondo na ŵa ku Britain. Sherbro wakaŵa wankhongono comene ndipo Ŵanandi ŵakamopanga comene. Bai Sherbro ŵakamukora ndipo pamoza na Bai Bureh, ŵakaluta ku Gold Coast (uko sono ni Ghana).
Nyagua (c. 1842-1906), uyo wakumanyikwaso kuti "Traking King", wakaŵa fumu yankhongono iyo yikapoka vigaŵa vinandi ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakiza kuti ŵamuvikilire. Nyagua nayo wakalimbana na Ŵanandi. Pakumanya kuti wakaŵa na nkhongono yayi, wakacita uryarya. Pa nyengo yeneyiyo pera, wakatuma ŵasilikari ŵake kuti ŵakawovwire Bai Bureh kulimbana na Ŵabritani. Nyengo yikati yajumphapo, ŵa ku Britain ŵakapoka msumba wa Nyagua, ndipo nayo ŵakamujalira ku Gold Coast. Madam Yoko (c. 1849-1906) wakaŵa mwanakazi wa maluso ndiposo wakujiŵikamo. Wakagwiliskira nchito luso lake la kuyowoyeskana makora na ŵanthu kuti waŵakhorweske kuti ŵamupe mazaza gha Kpaa Mende. Wakagwiliskira ntchito vyamaseŵera kuti wayowoye na ŵalongozgi ŵanandi ŵa mu chigaŵa ichi awo ŵakagomezganga yayi kuti wali paubwezi na Ŵanandi. Cifukwa cakuti Madam Yoko wakawovwira ŵa ku Britain, ŵalongozgi ŵanyake ŵakagaluka, ndipo Yoko wakabisama mu nyumba za ŵapolisi. Chifukwa cha kugomezgeka kwake, Fumukazi Victoria yikamupa mendulo ya siliva. M'paka mu 1906, Madam Yoko ndiyo wakaŵa mulongozgi mu ufumu uphya wa Britain. Vikuwoneka kuti wakajikoma apo wakaŵa na vilimika 55, panji cifukwa cakuti ŵanthu ŵakwake ŵakamovwira yayi. Ŵanji awo ŵakakhalanga mu vigaŵa ivi ŵakasuzgikanga chomene chifukwa chakuti Ŵamboni ŵa ku Britain ŵakakanizganga ŵalongozgi ŵa vigaŵa ivi. Ŵakapanga ŵalongozgi kuti ŵaŵe ŵamazaza, m'malo mwa kucita nawo mwakudumura nga umo ŵakacitiranga kale. Ŵakalutilira yayi kukolerana na ŵabwezi ŵawo, nga ni Bai Bureh, uyo pamasinda ŵakamuzunura kuti ndiyo wakambiska nkhondo ya msonkho.
Mu 1898, Koloneli Frederic Cardew, kazembe wa ŵasilikari ŵa ku Britain, wakaŵika msonkho uphya pa nyumba ndipo wakapempha ŵalongozgi kuti ŵagwiliskirenge ntchito ŵanthu ŵawo pakunozga misewu. Kanandi misonkho yikaŵanga yikuru kuluska mtengo wa nyumba izo ŵakakhalanga, ndipo ŵalongozgi 24 ŵakalemba chikalata ku Cardew, kulongora kuti ivi vikaŵa vyakupweteka chomene. Ŵanthu ŵakakhalanga mu mizi iyi ŵakakhalanga yayi. Ŵakakananga kupeleka msonkho, ŵakamba kukayikira awo ŵakaŵalongozganga, ndipo ivi vikapangiska kuti paŵe nkhondo ya msonkho ya mu 1898. Ŵabali ŵa ku Britain ndiwo ŵakamba kuwombera. Gulu la kumwera ilo likaŵa na ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Mende, likamba kurwa nkhondo pamanyuma pa nkhondo iyi.
Kwa myezi yinandi, ŵasilikari ŵa Bureh ŵakaluska ŵasilikari ŵa Britain awo ŵakaŵa ŵankhongono comene, kweni wose ŵakafwa. Bureh wakajipeleka pa Novembala 11, 1898, kuti wamazge kuparanyika kwa malo na nyumba za ŵanthu ŵake. Nangauli boma la Britain likakhumbanga kuti ŵasilikari ŵaleke kuŵachitira nkhaza, kweni Cardew wakalutilira kutuma mulongozgi na ŵabwezi ŵake ŵaŵiri ku caru ca Gold Coast. Bureh wakazomerezgeka kuwelera mu 1905, apo wakambiraso kuwusa Kasseh. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Temne na Mende ŵakati ŵathereskeka mu nkhondo ya Hut Tax, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakamba kulimbana na boma la Colonial, kweni nyengo zinyake kukaŵanga vivulupi na vivulupi. Mu 1955 na 1956, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Sierra Leone ŵakakhwaskika na vivulupi. Mu 1928, ŵazga awo ŵakakhalanga mu nyumba za ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ŵakamara. Cinthu cinyake ico cikacitika mu 1935, nchakuti De Beers wakapeleka wanangwa wa kunozga vinthu vyakuthupi ku Sierra Leone Selection Trust. Iyo wakakhumbanga kuti boma ili liŵepo kwa vyaka 98. Ku chigaŵa cha kumafumiro gha dazi, ŵanthu ŵakamba kuguliska dayamondi na vinthu vinyake vyakuthupi.
Mu 1924, boma la Britain likagaŵa charu cha Sierra Leone kuŵa vigaŵa viŵiri. Malo agha ghakaŵa Freetown na chigaŵa cha mumphepete mwa nyanja. Mu 1947, ŵanthu ŵakamba kudumbiskana chomene nkhani za ndyali pakati pa vyaru viŵiri ivi. Ŵalongozgi ŵanandi ŵa boma ili ndiwo ŵakaŵaphalira kuti ŵanozge nthowa iyi. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Krio, awo ŵakalongozgekanga na Isaac Wallace-Johnson, ŵakasuska fundo izi, cifukwa mphanyi zikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Krio ŵaleke kuŵa na mazaza pa ndyali.
Mu 1951, Lamina Sankoh (wakubabika Etheldred Jones) wakakolerana na ŵalongozgi ŵakusambira ŵa vigaŵa vyakupambanapambana, kusazgapo Sir Milton Margai, Siaka Stevens, Mohamed Sanusi Mustapha, John Karefa-Smart, Kande Bureh, Sir Albert Margai, Amadu Wurie na Sir Banja Tejan-Sie ŵakakolerana na ŵalongozgi ŵankhongono mu vigaŵa ivi kuti ŵapange chipani cha Sierra Leone People's Party panji SLPP nga ni chipani cha vigaŵa ivi. Ŵalongozgi ŵa SLPP, awo ŵakalongozgekanga na Sir Milton Margai, ŵakadumbiskana na ŵa ku Britain na ŵa ku Krio awo ŵakakhalanga ku Freetown kuti ŵaŵe na wanangwa. Cifukwa ca ndyali za Milton Margai, ŵanthu ŵakusambira comene ŵa mu caru ca Protectorate ŵakakolerana na ŵalongozgi ŵacikulu comene ŵa mu caru ici. Pamasinda, Margai wakagwiliskira nchito maluso agha kuti wapusike ŵalongozgi ŵa visopa vyautesi na ŵanthu ŵa Krio kuti ŵaŵe ŵakujiyimira pawekha.
Mu Novembala 1951, Margai wakawoneseska kuti palembeke dango liphya, ilo likakolerana na maboma ghaŵiri, la Colonial na Protectorate. Mu 1953, boma la Sierra Leone likapika mazaza gha ŵalara ŵa boma ndipo Margai wakasankhika kuŵa nduna yikuru ya boma. Ndondomeko yiphya ya malango yikawovwira kuti Sierra Leone yiŵe na boma laparamende. Mu Meyi 1957, ku Sierra Leone kukachitika chisankho chakwamba. Gulu la SLPP ndilo likaŵa la ndyali lakutchuka chomene mu Sierra Leone kweniso likaŵa na ŵakaronga ŵankhongono mu vigaŵa.
Ungano wa 1960
Pa Epulero 20, 1960, Milton Margai wakalongozga gulu la ŵanthu 24 ŵa ku Sierra Leone pa ungano wa malango uwo ukachitikira ku London pamoza na Queen Elizabeth II na Secretary of Colonial Affairs Iain Macleod.
Paumaliro wa kudumbiskana ku London pa 4 Meyi 1960, United Kingdom yikazomera kupeleka wanangwa ku Sierra Leone pa 27 Epulero 1961.
Kujiyimira pawekha (1961) na Margai Administration (1961~1964)
Pa Epulero 27, 1961, Milton Margai wakalongozga Sierra Leone kuti wapoke wanangwa kufuma ku Britain ndipo wakaŵa nduna yikuru yakwamba ya charu ichi. Sierra Leone yikaŵa na nyumba yake ya malango na nduna yikuru, ndipo yikaŵa na wanangwa wa kupanga malango ghake, kweni nga ni vyaru nga ni Canada na Australia, Sierra Leone yikaŵa "Dominion" ndipo Fumukazi Elizabeth yikaŵa Fumukazi ya Dominion ya Sierra Leone. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Sierra Leone ŵakiza mu misewu kuti ŵakondwe. Charu cha Sierra Leone chikaŵa na boma laparamendi ndipo chikaŵa mu wupu wa Commonwealth of Nations. Mulongozgi wa chipani cha All People's Congress (APC), Siaka Stevens, pamoza na Isaac Wallace-Johnson, uyo nayo wakususka boma la SLPP, ŵakakakika na kuŵikika mu jele ku Freetown, pamoza na ŵanthu ŵanyake 16 awo ŵakapika mulandu wa kunanga viphikiro vya wanangwa.
Mu nyengo iyo Margai wakaŵa na mazaza, ŵanthu ŵa ku Sierra Leone ŵakamutemwanga chomene. Wakacitanga vimbundi yayi nesi kujilongora kuti wali na nkhongono. Iyo wakambiska boma lakwendera dango na kugaŵikana kwa maufumu, na maboma gha vyaru vinandi na mawupu ghakwimira ŵanthu. Margai wakagwiliskira nchito maghanoghano ghake kuti walongozge Sierra Leone. Wakimika ŵalara ŵa boma kuti ŵimilire mafuko ghakupambanapambana. Margai wakagwiliskiranga ntchito ndyali, kugaŵana mazaza pakati pa magulu gha ndyali na magulu gha vyakukhumba vya ŵanthu; comenecomene ŵakaronga ŵankhongono mu vigaŵa, awo ŵanandi ŵakaŵa ŵabwezi ŵa boma lake.
Pamanyuma pa nyifwa ya Milton Margai na Albert Margai (1964-1967)
Milton Margai wakati wafwa mwamabuci mu 1964, nyumba ya boma yikamusankha kuti waŵe nduna yikuru. Ulongozgi wa Sir Albert ukasuskika na nduna ya vyaru vya kuwaro John Karefa-Smart, uyo wakadandawura kuti Sir Albert ndiyo wakeneranga kulongozga SLPP. Karefa-Smart wakalongozga chipani chichoko chomene mukati mwa chipani cha SLPP pakususkana na Albert Margai pakuŵa Prime Minister. Ndipouli, Karefa-Smart wakatondeka kusanga wovwiri ukuru mukati mwa SLPP mu kuyezga kwake kufumiska Albert Margai nga ni mulongozgi wa SLPP na Prime Minister. Ŵabali ŵanandi ŵa SLPP ŵakakolerana na Albert Margai kuluska Karefa-Smart. Mwaluŵiro Albert Margai wakati walapa kuŵa Nduna Yikuru, wakachimbizga ŵalaraŵalara ŵanandi ŵa boma awo ŵakateŵeteranga mu boma la mukuru wake, Sir Milton.
Sir Albert wakachitanga vinthu mwakukolerana na ivyo ŵanthu ŵakayowoyanga, ndipo wakapangiska malango ghanandi kuti wakanizge chipani cha All People's Congress. Sir Albert wakasuskanga fundo yakuti ŵalara ŵa boma ndiwo ŵaŵe na mazaza gha kuwusa, ndipo ŵanandi mwa iwo ŵakaŵa ŵabwezi ŵa mukuru wake Milton. Ntheura, ŵakamba kuwona kuti Sir Albert ni munthu uyo wangatimbanizga maboma gha mu caru cose. Margai wakasora ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakaŵa ŵa mtundu wa Creole yayi kuti ŵateŵeterenge boma mu Freetown. Ntheura, ŵanthu ŵa ku Creole ŵakamutemwanga yayi Albert Margai. Margai ŵakamupusikizgira kuti wakutemwa ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wake wa Mende.
1967 Masankhiro gha Wupu Wakulongozga na vimbundi vya ŵasilikari (1967~1968)
Chipani cha APC, pamoza na mulongozgi wake Siaka Stevens, chikapokera vithuzithuzi vinandi mu Nyumba ya Malamulo kuluska chipani cha SLPP mu 1967 pa mavoti gha mavoti gha mavoti. Stevens wakalapa kuŵa nduna yikuru pa March 21, 1967.
Pakati pajumpha maora ghacoko waka kufuma apo wakambira kuwusa, Stevens wakawuskika pa udindo mu boma mwa kuwukira boma kwambura kuthiska ndopa. Wakaŵa mubwezi wa Albert Margai, uyo wakamusankha mu 1964. Lansana wakamujalira Stevens mu nyumba yake ku Freetown ndipo wakakhumbanga kuti nduna yikuru yilindilire pambere ŵandyali ŵa fuko ili ŵandaŵepo pa maungano. Pamanyuma pake Steven wakafwatuka ndipo wakafumamo mu caru ici na kuluta ku caru ca Guinea. Ndipouli, pa March 23, 1967, gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa ku Sierra Leone Army awo ŵakalongozgekanga na Brigadier General Andrew Juxon-Smith, ŵakachita chipani chakususkana na Mulara Lansana. Ŵakapoka boma, ŵakakora Lansana, na kukanizga dango la boma. Gulu ili likambiska National Reformation Council (NRC), ndipo Andrew Juxon-Smith ndiyo wakaŵa mulongozgi wake kweniso mulongozgi wa boma.
Pa 18 Epulero 1968 gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa pasi mu gulu la ŵasilikari la Sierra Leone awo ŵakajichemanga kuti Anti-Corruption Revolutionary Movement (ACRM), awo ŵakalongozgekanga na Brigadier General John Amadu Bangura, ŵakawuskapo boma la NRC. Boma la ACRM likakaka ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa mu NRC. Ŵakawezgerapo malango gha boma na kuwezgera mazaza kwa Stevens, uyo paumaliro wakaŵa nduna yikuru.
Mu 1970, Stevens wakakaka Bangura na kumupa mulandu wa uryarya. Wakasangika na mulandu na kweruzgika kuti wakomeke, nangauli wakaŵa Bangura uyo wakacitiska kuti Stevens wawelere ku mazaza. Brigadier Lansana na Hinga Norman, ŵalara ŵa ŵasilikari awo ŵakacitako nkhondo yakwamba (1967), ŵakafumiskika mu usilikari ndipo ŵakakakika. Norman wakaŵa msilikari wa kazembe mukuru, Sir Henry Lightfoot-Boston. Nyengo yikati yajumphapo, Lansana wakeruzgika ndipo ŵakamusanga na mulandu wa upusikizgi, ndipo ŵakamuphalira kuti wakomeke mu 1975.
Boma la chipani cimoza na kwamba kwa "Republic" (1968-1991)
Mu 1968, Stevens wakambaso kuwusa nga ni nduna yikuru, pamanyuma pa vimbundi vinandi. Ŵanthu ŵakamugomezganga comene cifukwa cakuti wakacitanga ndyali. Stevens wakacitanga kampeni ya kuwunjika mafuko ghose pamoza mwakuyana na fundo za cisopa. Mu vyaka 10 vyakwambilira apo wakaŵa na mazaza, Stevens wakambiraso kudumbiskana vinthu vinyake ivyo wakavichema kuti "ndondomeko zambura ntchito" izo ŵakamuteŵeterapo, Albert Margai wa SLPP na Juxon-Smith wa NRC. Maboma ghanyake gha SLPP na NRC ghakayowoya kuti ghapangiska kuti caru ciŵe mu suzgo.
Stevens wakambaso kunozga malo ghakupangira mafuta, hotelo ya Cape Sierra iyo yikaŵa ya boma, na fakitare ya simenti. Wakakanaso mulimo wa Juxon-Smith wa kuzenga tchalitchi na mosque pa malo gha Victoria Park (lero ghakumanyikwa kuti Freetown Amusement Park) kwambira mu 2017. Nyengo yikati yajumphapo, Stevens wakamba kovwira kuti ŵanthu ŵende makora pakati pa vigaŵa ivi na msumba wa Freetown. Ŵakazenga misewu na vipatala mu vigaŵa ivi, ndipo ŵalongozgi na ŵanthu ŵa mu vigaŵa ivi ŵakaŵa na mazaza chomene mu Freetown.