cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Miami
Colleges and universities
Mu msumba wa Miami muli mawupu ghanandi agho ghakusambizga ŵanthu ntchito za mawoko kweniso ghanyake ghakovwira ŵanthu. Mwaciyelezgero, Per Scholas ni wupu uwo ukupeleka masambiro ghaulere ghakovwira kuti munthu waŵe na mwaŵi wa kufiska viyezgelero vya CompTIA A+ na Network+ kuti wasange nchito na kuzenga nchito.
Primary and secondary schools
Sukulu za boma ku Miami zikulongozgeka na Miami-Dade County Public Schools, iyo ni sukulu yikuru comene mu Florida ndiposo yacinayi mu United States. Mu Seputembala 2008, sukulu iyi yikaŵa na ŵana ŵa sukulu 385,655 kweniso masukulu na malo ghakujumpha 392. Chigaŵa ichi ndicho chili na masukulu ghakurughakuru chomene gha ŵanthu ŵachoko waka mu charu ichi, ndipo ŵana ŵa sukulu 60 pa 100 ŵalipo ŵa mtundu wa Hispanic, 28 pa 100 ŵalipo ŵa mtundu wa Black panji West Indian, 10 pa 100 ŵalipo ŵa mtundu wa White (ŵambura kufuma ku Spain) ndipo 2 pa 100 ŵalipo ŵa mitundu yinyake.
Ku Miami kuli masukulu ghapachanya ghapachanya gha mu charu ichi, nga ni Design and Architecture High School, masukulu ghapachanya chomene mu charu ichi, MAST Academy, Coral Reef High School, masukulu ghapachanya ghapachanya ghapachanya ghapachanya gha 20 mu U.S., Miami Palmetto High School, na New World School of the Arts. M-DCPS nayo njimoza mwa masukulu gha boma ghachoko waka mu United States agho ghakusambizga mu viyowoyero viŵiri.
Mu msumba wa Miami muli masukulu ghanandi gha Katolika, Chiyuda, na ghanyake. Mu tawuni iyi muli masukulu gha Katolika. Hugh Catholic School, St. Sukulu ya Agatha Catholic, St. Sukulu ya Theresa, Immaculata-Lasalle High School, Monsignor Edward Pace High School, Archbishop Curley-Notre Dame High School, St. Sukulu ya Brendan High, pamoza na masukulu ghanyake ghanandi gha Katolika.
Masukulu ghakusambizgira gha Katolika agho ghakulongozgeka na ŵaliska ŵa visopa ni Belen Jesuit Preparatory School na Christopher Columbus High School gha ŵanyamata na Carrollton School of the Sacred Heart na Our Lady of Lourdes Academy ya ŵasungwana.
Masukulu ghapadera gha ku Miami agho ghakusopa yayi ni Ransom Everglades, Gulliver Preparatory School, na Miami Country Day School. Masukulu ghanyake mu cigaŵa ici ni Samuel Scheck Hillel Community Day School, Dade Christian School, Palmer Trinity School, Westminster Christian School, na Riviera Schools.
Supplementary education
Hoshuko wa ku Miami, ni sukulu ya ku Japan ya nyengo yichoko waka ya ŵanthu ŵa ku Japan na ŵanthu ŵa ku Japan. Pakwamba, malo agha ghakaŵa ku Virginia Key, ku Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science. Pasono sukulu iyi yikucita masambiro mu Westchester ndipo yili na maofesi mu Doral.
Wayilesi
Manyuzipepara ghanyake ghakuru ni Miami Today, ku Brickell, Miami New Times, ku Midtown, Miami SunPost, South Florida Business Journal, na The Miami Times. Kweniso nyuzipepara yinyake ya Cisipanishi yakucemeka Diario Las Americas yikupharazga mu msumba wa Miami. Manyuzipepara gha ŵana ŵa sukulu gha ku maunivesite gha ku malo agha ghakaŵa The Miami Hurricane, Florida International University's The Beacon, Miami-Dade College's The Metropolis, na Barry University's The Buccaneer.
Magazini ghanandi ghakusindikizgika mu chigaŵa chose cha Miami, kusazgapo Miami Monthly, tawuni yimoza pera ya kumwera kwa Florida, na Ocean Drive.
Miami ni malo ghakusungirako ma TV ghakurughakuru gha pa caru cose, makampani ghakusungirako ma CD, makampani ghakupharazga, na maofesi gha kupanga, nga ni Telemundo, Univision, Univision Communications, Mega TV, Universal Music Latin Entertainment, RCTV International na Sunbeam Television. Mu 2009, Univision yikapharazga kuti yikukhumba kuzenga studio yiphya ku Miami, yakucemeka Univision Studios. Pa nyengo yasono, ofesi yikuru ya Univision Studios yili ku Miami, ndipo yikupanga mapulogiramu ghose gha pa wayilesi ya Univision Communications.
Miami ni msika ukuru comene wa mawayilesi wa nambara 12 na wa TV wa nambara 17 mu United States. Malo gha TV agho ghakupharazga mu chigaŵa cha Miami ni WAMI (UniMás O&O), WBFS (Independent), WSFL (The CW), WFOR (CBS O&O), WHFT (TBN), WLTV (Univision O&O), WPLG (ABC), WPXM (Ion), WSCV (Telemundo), WSVN (Fox), WTVJ (NBC O&O), WPBT (PBS), na WLRN (PBS).
Transportation
Kuyana na kafukufuku uyo wakacitika ku America mu 2016, ŵanthu 72.3% awo ŵakakhalanga mu msumba wa Miami ŵakendanga paŵekha, 8.7% ŵakendanga paŵekha, 9% ŵakendanga pa galimoto, ndipo 3.7% ŵakendanga pasi. Pafupifupi ŵanthu 1.8% ndiwo ŵakendanga pa galimoto, njinga yamoto, na njinga. Pa ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu msumba wa Miami, 4.5% ŵakagwiranga nchito ku nyumba. Mu 2015, ŵanthu 19.9% mu msumba wa Miami ŵakaŵavya galimoto, ndipo mu 2016 ŵakakhalapo 18.6%. Pa caru cose, ciŵelengero ici cikaŵa 8.7 peresenti mu 2016. Ku Miami, mu 2016, nyumba yiliyose yikaŵa na magalimoto pafupifupi 1.24 pakuyaniska na nyumba yiliyose ya 1.8 pa charu chose.
Expressways and roads
Misewu ya Miami yikwenda mu mizere ya mizere ya Miami uko Flagler Street ndiyo yili kumafumiro gha dazi na kumanjiliro gha dazi ndipo Miami Avenue ndiyo yili kumpoto na kumwera. Khonde la Flagler Street na Miami Avenue lili pakatikati pa Downtown panthazi pa Downtown Macy's (kale likuru la Burdine). Chigaŵa cha Miami chili na manambara mwakuti maadiresi ghose gha misewu kumpoto kwa Flagler Street na kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Miami Avenue ghali na "NW". Pakuti malo ghake ghali ku Downtown, kufupi na mumphepete mwa nyanja, vigaŵa vya "NW" na "SW" ni vikuru comene kuluska vya "SE" na "NE". Misewu yinandi, comenecomene misewu yikuru, nayo yikucemeka mazina (nga ni Tamiami Trail/SW 8th St), nangauli mwapadera, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakugwiliskira nchito mazina agha.
Mu chigaŵa ichi, misewu ya kumpoto na kumwera yikuchemeka makhoti misewu yikuru yikwenda mtunda wa kilomita yimoza. Mu misewu ya kumpoto na kumwera muli mabwalo 16, ndipo misewu ya kumafumiro gha dazi na kumanjiliro gha dazi yili na mabwalo 10. Misewu yikuru ya kumpoto na kumwera yikumalira pa "7" nga ni 17th, 27th, 37th/Douglas Aves., 57th/Red Rd., 67th/Ludlam, 87th/Galloway, na vinyake. (Chinthu chinyake chakuzirwa chomene ni 42nd Avenue, LeJeune Road, iyo yili pa malo gha hafu ya mtunda.) Misewu yikuru ya kumafumiro gha dazi na kumanjiliro gha dazi kumwera kwa Downtown njakupambanapambana na 16, nangauli malo ghakwamba gha ndondomeko iyi ni SW 8th St, hafu ya mtunda kumwera kwa Flagler ("zeroth") Street. Ntheura misewu yikuru yili pa 8th St., 24th St. / Coral Way, 40th St. /Bird, 56th/Miller, 72nd/ Sunset, 88th/N. Kendall, 104th (pakwamba S. Kendall), 120th/Montgomery, 136th/Howard, 152nd/Coral Reef, 168th/Richmond, 184th/Eureka, 200th/Quail Roost, 216th/Hainlin Mill, 232nd/Silver Palm, 248th/Coconut Palm, etc., mu vyaka vya m'ma 300. Mu gridi iyi, maadiresi gha viŵelengero vyambura kwenelera ghali kumpoto panji kumafumiro gha dazi, ndipo gha viŵelengero vyambura kwenelera ghali kumwera panji kumanjiliro gha dazi.
Misewu na misewu yose mu chigaŵa cha Miami-Dade yikulondezga mizere ya Miami, kupaturako vichoko waka, chomenechomene mu Coral Gables, Hialeah, Coconut Grove na Miami Beach. Malo ghanyake ghakuchemeka The Roads, cifukwa misewu yake yikufumako ku mizere ya ku Miami, ndipo yili na makona 45.
Makuwa, Phalombe
Makuwa ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Phalombe,mu chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
St Kizito, Blantyre
St Kizito ni malo agho ghakusangika mu msumba wa Blantyre,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Thambe, Phalombe
Thambe ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Phalombe,mu chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Iskander Mirza
Iskander Mirza (1899, Murshidabad – 1969, London)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Pakistan kufuma pa 23 March 1956	 mpaka pa 27 October 1958.
Vancouver Island
Vancouver Island ni malo ghakuzingilizgika na maji agho ghakusangika mu chalo cha Canada.
Irschen
Irschen ni msumba mu boma la Carinthia mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Naminjiwa, Phalombe
Naminjiwa ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Phalombe,mu chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Soche, Blantyre
Soche ni malo agho ghakusangika mu msumba wa Blantyre,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Malo
Zina la tawuni iyi likuyana na la Phiri la Soche, ilo lili pafupi na tawuni iyi na Soche Forest Reserve.
Ngali, Chitipa
Ngali ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Chitipa,mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Yahya Khan
Yahya Khan (1917, Chakwal – 1980, Rawalpindi)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Pakistan kufuma pa 25 March 1969 mpaka pa 	20 December 1971.
Tharu, Phalombe
Tharu ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Phalombe,mu chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Mbayani, Blantyre
Mbayani ni malo agho ghakusangika mu msumba wa Blantyre,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry
Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry(1904, Kharian – 1982, Lahore)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Pakistan kufuma pa 14 August 1973	 mpaka pa 20 April 1978.
Kappel am Krappfeld
Kappel am Krappfeld ni msumba mu boma la Carinthia mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Ayub Khan
Ayub Khan (1907, Rehana – 1974, Islamabad)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Pakistan kufuma pa 12 June 1965 mpaka pa 31 March 1969.
Nthalire, Chitipa
Nthalire ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Chitipa,mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Guyana
Guyana ntchalo icho chili ku mpoto kwa malo ghakulu gha Amerika wa Kummwera,ndipo tauni yake ikulu ni Georgetown.
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (1928, Ratodera – 1979, Rawalpindi)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Pakistan kufuma pa 20 December 1971	 mpaka pa 13 August 1973.
Ghulam Ishaq Khan
Ghulam Ishaq Khan(1915, Ismail Khel – 2006, Peshawar)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Pakistan kufuma pa 17 August 1988	 mpaka pa 18 July 1993.
Wings of Eagle, Blantyre
Wings of Eagle ni malo agho ghakusangika mu msumba wa Blantyre,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Keutschach am See
Keutschach am See ni msumba mu boma la Carinthia mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Namatete, Blantyre
Namatete ni malo agho ghakusangika mu msumba wa Blantyre,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Geographay
Namatete ali mu ward ya Blantyre Msumba Manjililo, Blantyre Msumba Manjililo Constituency.
Masambiro
Masukulu mu Chiunda ni:
Nambiro, Phalombe
Nambiro  ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Phalombe,mu chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Namphende, Phalombe
Namphende  ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Phalombe,mu chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Muhammad Rafiq Tarar
Muhammad Rafiq Tarar (1929, Mandi Bahauddin–2022, Lahore)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Pakistan kufuma pa 1 January 1998	 mpaka pa 20 June 2001.
Farooq Leghari
Farooq Leghari (1940, Choti Zareen – 2010, Rawalpindi)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Pakistan kufuma pa 14 November 1993	 mpaka 2 December 1997.
Klagenfurt
Klagenfurt ni msumba mu boma la Carinthia mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Makalanga, Blantyre
Makalanga ni malo agho ghakusangika mu msumba wa Blantyre,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Ndirande Hill, Blantyre
Ndirande Hill ni malo agho ghakusangika mu msumba wa Blantyre,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Miami
Expressways and roads
Some of the major Florida State Roads (and their common names) serving Miami are:
Miami yili na misewu yikuru yinkhondi na umoza iyo yikwenda pa Biscayne Bay, ndipo yikukolerana na chigaŵa cha kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa charu, na virwa vya kumafumiro gha dazi kwa nyanja ya Atlantic. Msewu wa Rickenbacker Causeway ndiwo uli kumwera chomene ndipo ukukumana na Brickell na Virginia Key na Key Biscayne. Msewu wa Venetian Causeway na MacArthur Causeway ukukumana na msumba wa Downtown na South Beach. Msewu wakuchemeka Julia Tuttle Causeway, uwo ukukolerana na Midtown na Miami Beach. Msewu wa 79th Street Causeway ukuyaniska Upper East Side na North Beach. Msewu wa Broad Causeway, ndiwo ni ucoko comene pa misewu yinkhondi na yimoza ya ku Miami ndipo ukukumana na North Miami na Bay Harbor Islands na Bal Harbour.
Msongolera, Chitipa
Msongolera ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Chitipa,mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Miami
Expressways and roads
Mu 2007, boma la Miami ndilo likaŵa na ŵadokotala ŵankhaza comene mu United States. Kweniso msumba wa Miami ukucemeka kuti ni msumba wakofya comene ku ŵanthu awo ŵakwenda pasi mu United States.
Public transportation
Mtengatenga wa ŵanthu mu Miami ukwendeskeka na Miami-Dade Transit na SFRTA, ndipo yikusazgapo njanji za ŵanthu ŵakufuma ku malo ghanyake (Tri-Rail), njanji zinonono zakwendeskeka mwaluŵiro (Metrorail), njinga ya ŵanthu (Metromover), na mabasi (Metrobus). Mu msumba wa Miami muli ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene awo ŵakwenda pa galimoto chifukwa ŵanthu pafupifupi 17% ŵakwenda pa galimoto zuŵa lililose. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakwenda maminiti 90 pa sabata, ndipo 39% ŵa awo ŵakwenda pa galimoto ŵakwenda maora ghakujumpha ghaŵiri pa zuŵa. Pafupifupi munthu waliyose wakulindilira maminiti 18 pa malo ghakugwilira ntchito ya mendero. Mtunda wa ulendo umoza na magalimoto ghakurughakuru ni makilomita 12.46, ndipo ŵanthu 38% ŵakwenda mtunda wa makilomita 13.8.
Msewu wa Metro wa ku Miami uli na mizere yiŵiri na masiteshoni 23. Metrorail yikukolerana na vigaŵa vya kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa tawuni ya Hialeah, Medley, na mukati mwa tawuni ya Miami na vigaŵa vya The Roads, Coconut Grove, Coral Gables, South Miami, na Kendall mu tawuni kwizira mu vigaŵa vya bizinesi vya Miami International Airport, Health District, na Downtown. Metromover, yeneiyo yikwenda pa malo ghapachanya, yikugwira nchito na masiteshoni 21 pa mizere yitatu yakupambanapambana mu msumba wa Downtown Miami, ndipo pali masiteshoni ghaŵiri pa nyumba yiliyose pakati pa Downtown na Brickell. Ntchito zakupharazga zinandi zikovwirika na msonkho wa msonkho uwo ukupelekeka mu chigaŵa chose cha Miami-Dade.
Tri-Rail, njanji iyo yikwendeskeka na South Florida Regional Transportation Authority (SFRTA), yikwenda kufuma ku Miami International Airport kumpoto kuya ku West Palm Beach, ndipo yikumalira pa malo 18.
Miami Intermodal Center ni malo ghakurughakuru ghakusungirako ŵanthu, ndipo ghakusungirako magalimoto gha Metrorail, Amtrak, Tri-Rail, Metrobus, Greyhound Lines, ma taxi, magalimoto ghakuchita renti, MIA Mover, magalimoto ghaŵene, njinga na ŵanthu ŵakwenda pasi. Chipatala cha Miami Intermodal Center chikamara kuzengeka mu 2010, ndipo chikovwira ŵanthu pafupifupi 150,000 awo ŵakwenda mu chigaŵa cha Miami. Chigawo choyamba cha MiamiCentral Station chinamalizidwa mu 2012, ndipo gawo la Tri-Rail la Phase II linamalizidwa mu 2015, koma kumanga gawo la Amtrak kukuchedwabe.
Ŵapharazgi ŵaŵiri ŵaphya, Baylink na Miami Streetcar, ŵali kunozgekera. BayLink ndiyo yikeneranga kukolerana na South Beach, ndipo Miami Streetcar yikeneranga kukolerana na Midtown.
Miami ni malo gha kumwera uko Amtrak wakumalira maulendo ghake gha ku Atlantic Coast, ndipo pali mizere yiŵiri, Silver Meteor na Silver Star. Siteshoni ya Amtrak ya Miami yili mu chigaŵa cha Hialeah kufupi na Siteshoni ya Tri-Rail/Metrorail pa NW 79 St na NW 38 Ave. Ntchito yakunozga siteshoni ya Miami Central Station yizamwendeska maofesi ghose gha Amtrak kufuma ku malo agho ghalipo sono kuya ku malo ghakukhala ŵanthu ŵanandi. Malo agha ghakeneranga kuzengeka mu 2012, kweni ghakachedweskeka nyengo yitali.
Airports
Malo gha ndege gha ku Miami International Airport ndigho ni malo gha ndege gha ku Greater Miami Area. Chifukwa cha malo ghake ghakutowa, ndege iyi njimoza mwa ma eyapoti ghakurughakuru pa charu chose ndipo yikwenda na ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 45 miliyoni pa chaka. Malo agha ndigho ni malo ghakurughakuru gha ndege za American Airlines. Miami International ni ciŵanja caŵiri cakudura comene ca ŵanthu awo ŵakwenda pa ndege mu Florida, ndipo ni ciŵanja cacitatu cikuru comene ca ŵanthu awo ŵakwenda pa ndege mu United States. Malo gha ndege gha Kennedy na Los Angeles. Malo ghakwendera ndege agha ghali na maulendo ghambura kuleka kuluta ku misumba yakujumpha 70 ku North na South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, na Middle East.
Kweniso, ku Fort Lauderdale na ku Hollywood International Airport na ku Palm Beach International Airport nako kuli magalimoto ghanandi agho ghakwenda mu chigaŵa cha Miami. Miami-Opa Locka Executive Airport mu Opa-locka na Miami Executive Airport mu chigaŵa icho chili kumwera kwa Miami, ndipo yikwendeska ndege mu chigaŵa cha Miami.
Cycling and walking
Boma la tawuni iyi, ilo mukaŵa meya wakale Manny Diaz, likakolerana na fundo yakuti ŵanthu ŵakwendeska njinga mu Miami. Mu 2010, magazini ya Bicycling Magazine yikalemba kuti msumba wa Miami ndiwo uli pa nambara 44 pa misumba yose ya ku United States iyo yikutemwa kwenda pa njinga.
Kafukufuku uyo wakachitika mu 2011, wakavumbura kuti msumba wa Miami ndiwo uli pa nambara 8 pa misumba yikuruyikuru 50 ya ku United States.
Pervez Musharraf
Pervez Musharraf (1943, Delhi – 2023, Dubai)  wakawa mlala wakulamulila chalo cha Pakistan kufuma pa 20 June 2001	 mpaka pa 6 October 2007.
Kirchbach, Carinthia
Kirchbach, Carinthia ni msumba mu boma la Carinthia mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Chisombezi, Blantyre
Chisombezi ni malo agho ghakusangika mu msumba wa Blantyre,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Kleblach-Lind
Kleblach-Lind ni msumba mu boma la Carinthia mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Salala, Chitipa
Salala ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Chitipa,mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Mthawira, Blantyre
Mthawira ni malo agho ghakusangika mu msumba wa Blantyre,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Luwani, Phalombe
Luwani ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Phalombe,mu chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Lesotho
Lesotho, panji kuti Ufumu wa Lesotho, ni charu icho chili ku chigaŵa cha South Africa. Charu ichi chili mu mapiri gha Maloti ndipo chili na mapiri ghapachanya chomene ku Southern Africa. Charu ichi chili na malo ghakujumpha 30,000 km2 (11,600 sq mi) ndipo chili na ŵanthu pafupifupi 2 miliyoni.
Malo agha ghakaŵa pasi pa ufumu wa Britain, ndipo ghakaŵa pasi pa boma la United Kingdom pa Okutobala 4, 1966. Charu ichi chili na mazaza pa chilichose ndipo chili mu wupu wa United Nations, Commonwealth of Nations, African Union, na Southern African Development Community. Zina lakuti Lesotho likung'anamura "charu cha Ŵasotho".
Basutoland
Boma ili likafuma ku nkhondo pakati pa ŵanthu ŵa ku Britain na ŵa ku Netherlands awo ŵakafumako ku Cape Colony pamanyuma pakuti ŵa ku Britain ŵapoka charu ichi mu 1795. Ŵamishonale Thomas Arbousset, Eugène Casalis na Constant Gosselin ŵa ku Paris Evangelical Missionary Society, awo ŵakacemeka na Moshoeshoe I, ŵakaŵikika ku Morija, ndipo pakati pa 1837 na 1855 ŵakasindikizga mabuku mu ciyowoyero ca Sesotho. Casalis, uyo wakaŵa wakung'anamulira mabuku na kupeleka ulongozgi pa nkhani za vyaru vinyake, wakawovwira kuti paŵe ubwezi na ŵasilikari na kusanga vilwero vyakuti ŵarwe na ŵa ku Europe na ŵa ku Griqua.
Ŵanthu ŵakufuma ku Cape Colony ŵakafika ku mipaka ya kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Basutoland na kupempha kuti ŵaŵe na wanangwa pa malo agha. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Boer awo ŵakizanga ku malo agha, ŵakayezga kuti ŵakhale pa malo agho ghakaŵa pakati pa milonga yiŵiri iyi na kumpoto kwa mlonga wa Caledon. Pamasinda, Moshoeshoe wakalemba phangano na kazembe wa ku Cape, Sir George Thomas Napier, ilo likapokelera chigaŵa cha Orange River, uko Ŵaburu ŵakakhalanga. Ŵaburu aŵa ŵakakomeka mu 1848. Mu 1851, ŵasilikari ŵa Britain ŵakathereskeka na ŵasilikari ŵa Basotho pa Kolonyama. Ŵakati ŵathereska ŵasilikari ŵa ku Britain mu 1852, Moshoeshoe wakatuma kalata kwa mulongozgi wa ŵasilikari ŵa ku Britain kuti ŵamazge mphindano. Mu 1854, ŵa ku Britain ŵakafumamo mu cigaŵa ici, ndipo mu 1858, Moshoeshoe wakarwa nkhondo zinandi na ŵa ku Boer. Ntheura, Moshoeshoe wakataya chigaŵa chinyake cha kumanjiliro gha dazi. Nkhondo yaumaliro na ŵa Boer yikamara mu 1867 apo Moshoeshoe wakapempha Fumukazi Victoria kuti yizgore Basutoland kuŵa chigaŵa cha Britain mu 1868. Mu 1869, ŵa ku Britain ŵakasazga phangano na ŵa ku Boer ku Aliwal North ilo likalongosora mphaka za Basutoland. Phangano ili likapangiska kuti ufumu wa Moshoeshoe uchepe na hafu. Pamanyuma, Ŵabritishi ŵakasamuska malo agha kufuma ku msumba wa Moshoeshoe ku Thaba Bosiu kuya ku msasa wa ŵapolisi ku mphaka ya kumpoto na kumanjiliro gha dazi, ku Maseru. Moshoeshoe wakafwa pa March 11, 1870, ndipo ivi vikalongora kuti Basutoland yikamba kulamulira. Mu nyengo ya Cape Colony pakati pa 1871 na 1884, Basutoland yikayendeska mwakuyana waka na vigaŵa vinyake ivyo vikapokeka na nkani, ndipo ŵanthu ŵa Basotho ŵakakhozgeka soni, ndipo ivi vikapangiska kuti paŵe Nkhondo ya Basuto Gun mu 1880-1881.. Mu 1884, chigaŵa ichi chikazgoka koloni la ufumu la Basutoland. Wakaŵa na kazembe uyo wakawusanga, ndipo ŵalongozgi ŵa mafuko ndiwo ŵakaŵa na mazaza. Mu 1905, ŵakazenga njanji iyo yikakolerananga na masitima gha ku South Africa.
Kujilamulila
Basutoland yikajiyimira pawekha kufuma ku United Kingdom ndipo yikazgoka Ufumu wa Lesotho mu 1966. Chipani cha Basotho National Party (BNP) ndicho chikalamuliranga kwambira mu 1966 m'paka mu 1970. Pamanyuma pake, pakaŵa boma ilo likalongozgekanga na Leabua Jonathan.
Mu Janyuwale 1970, chipani cha BNP icho chili na mazaza pa charu chose chikathereska pa mavoti ghakwambilira agho ghakachitika pamanyuma pakuti charu cha Basotho chajiyimira pachekha, ndipo chikaŵa na mavoti 23 ndipo chikathereska chipani cha Basotho Congress Party (BCP) icho chikaŵa na mavoti 36. Mulara wa boma Jonathan wakakana kupeleka mazaza ku BCP, m'malo mwake wakajiphara kuti ni nduna yikuru na kujaliraso ŵalongozgi ŵa BCP. BCP yikayamba kugaluka ndipo yikapokera masambiro mu Libya ku Lesotho Liberation Army (LLA) pasi pa chilato cha kuŵa ŵasilikari ŵa Azanian People's Liberation Army ŵa Pan Africanist Congress (PAC). LLA yakukwana 178 yikapokeka vilwero na vyakukhumbikwa na gulu la PAC la David Sibeko mu 1978, ndipo yikathaskika kufuma ku msasa wawo wa ku Tanzania na wovwiri wa ndalama wa mulara wa PAC wa Maoist ndipo yikamba nkhondo. Gulu linyake likathereskeka kumpoto kwa Lesotho, ndipo pamasinda ŵasilikari ŵakamba kuwukira. Nkhondo iyi yikamara apo mulongozgi wa BCP, Ntsu Mokhehle, wakaluta ku Pretoria. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1980, ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵa ku Basotho awo ŵakakolerananga na BCP ŵakakoleka na boma la Leabua Jonathan. Pa Seputembala 4, 1981, mbumba ya Benjamini Masilo yikakomeka. Muciwukirano ici, muzukuru wake wa vyaka vitatu wakafwa. Pakati pajumpha mazuŵa ghanayi, Edgar Mahlomola Motuba, mulembi wa nyuzipepara ya Leselinyana la Lesotho, ŵakamukora pa nyumba yake pamoza na ŵabwezi ŵake ŵaŵiri na kumukoma. Jonathan wakati walekeskeka mu 1986, Wupu wa vya Nkhondo uwo ukaŵa na mazaza ghakulongozga ukapeleka mazaza kwa Themba Moshoeshoe II. Mu 1987, fumu yikacicizgika kuluta ku caru cinyake pamasinda pakuti yikiza na kalata ya mapeji 6 yakulongosora umo yikukhumba kuti dango la Lesotho liŵire. Mwana wake wakaŵa Themba Letsie III.
Mulara wa boma la ŵasilikari, Major General Justin Metsing Lekhanya wakathereskeka mu 1991 ndipo wakasinthika na Major General Elias Phisoana Ramaema uyo wakapeleka mazaza ku boma la BCP mu 1993. Moshoeshoe II wakawerako ku wuzga mu 1992 nga ni munthu bweka. Themba Letsie III likati lawelera ku boma la demokilase, likayezgayezga kuti boma la BCP liwezge adada ŵake (Moshoeshoe II) kuŵa mutu wa boma. Mu Ogasiti 1994, Letsie III wakapangiska boma la BCP kufuma pa udindo wake, pamanyuma pakuti boma la BCP likakana kuwezgerapo adada ŵake, Moshoeshoe II, kuyana na dango la Lesotho. Vyaru vya ku Southern African Development Community (SADC) vikamba kudumbiskana vya kuwezgerapo boma la BCP. Cimoza mwa vinthu ivyo Letsie III wakakhumbanga kuti awiske ŵambeso kuwusa caru. Pamanyuma pa kudumbiskana kwa nyengo yitali, boma la BCP likakhazikiskikaso ndipo Letsie III wakaleka ufumu mu 1995, ndipo wakambaso kuwusa apo Moshoeshoe II wakafwa na vilimika 57 mu ngozi ya pa msewu apo galimoto yake yikaduka pa msewu wa mu mapiri pa 15 January 1996. Kuyana na ivyo boma likayowoya, Moshoeshoe wakanyamuka pa 1 koloko mulenji kuti wakawone viŵeto vyake ku Matsieng ndipo wakaweleranga ku Maseru kujumpha mu mapiri gha Maluti apo galimoto yake yikafumapo pa msewu.
Mu 1997, chipani cha BCP chikagaŵikana cifukwa ca mphindano. Nduna Nkuru Ntsu Mokhehle wakambiska chipani chiphya, Lesotho Congress for Democracy (LCD), ndipo ŵakamulondezga na unandi wa mamembala gha pa pharalamende, ivyo vikamovwira kuti wapange boma liphya. Pakalitha Mosisili wakamusankhira Mokhehle kuŵa mulongozgi wa chipani ndipo LCD yikathereska pa chisankho cha 1998. Ŵanthu ŵakususka ŵakamba kususka, ndipo mu Ogasiti 1998, ŵakachita chipharazgo kuwaro kwa nyumba yachifumu. Nangauli ŵasilikari ŵa boma la Botswana ŵakakondwa chomene, kweni ŵakamba kulimbana na ŵasilikari ŵa boma la South Africa. Ŵanthu ŵakamba kusuzgika chomene apo ŵasilikari ŵa ku South Africa ŵakayegha ndembera. Apo ŵasilikari ŵa SADC ŵakafumanga mu May 1999, msumba ukuru wa Maseru ukaŵa "wakubwanganduka".
Mu Disembala 1998, wupu wa Interim Political Authority (IPA) uwo ukaŵa na mulimo wa kuwona umo mavoti ghakacitikira mu caru, ukalengeka. IPA yikapangiska ndondomeko ya mavoti kuti yikovwire kuti ŵanthu awo ŵakususka boma ŵaŵe mu Nyumba ya Malango. Ndondomeko yiphya yikasungilira mipando 80 iyo yikaŵapo mu Nyumba ya Malamulo, ndipo yikasazgako mipando 40 iyo yikeneranga kuzura mwakuyana na ciŵelengero. Mu Meyi 2002, kukaŵa mavoti gha mtundu uwu ndipo LCD yikapokera mavoti 54%. Pali vinthu vyambura kwenelera na vithuzithuzi vya nkhaza kufuma kwa Major General Lekhanya. Pa vipani vyose 40 ivyo vikaŵa mu wupu uwu, vipani 9 vya ku chigaŵa ichi ndivyo vikaŵa na vithuzi vinandi chomene (21). LCD yili na vithuzithuzi 79 pa vithuzithuzi 80. Apo ŵimiliri ŵake ŵakwimba sumu mu Nyumba ya Malango, BNP yikususka pa milandu, kusazgapo kupendesera mavoti.
Pa 30 Ogasiti 2014, "kupoka boma" kwa ŵasilikari kukacitika, ndipo Prime Minister Thomas Thabane wakacimbira ku South Africa kwa mazuŵa ghatatu. Pa 19 Meyi 2020, Thomas Thabane wakafumapo pa udindo wa nduna yikuru ya Lesotho pamanyuma pa myezi yinandi ya kukakamizgika pamanyuma pakuti wapika zina la munthu uyo wakukayikika pa kukoma muwoli wake wakale. Moeketsi Majoro, uyo wakaŵa nduna ya vyachuma ndipo wakaŵa nduna yakuwona vya mapulani, wakasankhika kuŵa mulondezgi wa Thabane.
Pa 13 Meyi 2020, kuyana na unduna wa vyaumoyo, Lesotho yikaŵa chalo chaumaliro ku Africa kuphalirako munthu wa COVID-19.
Pa 28 Okutobala, 2022, Sam Matekane wakalapizga kuŵa Prime Minister wa Lesotho wati wapanga boma liphya. Chipani chake cha Revolution for Prosperity, icho chikapangika kumayambiriro kwa chaka chenechicho, chikapambana pa mavoti gha pa Okutobala 7.
Ndale
Boma la Lesotho ni boma laparamende. Nduna Yikuru, Sam Matekane, ndiyo ni mulongozgi wa boma ndipo wali na mazaza ghakulongozga. Themba la Lesotho, Letsie III, ni mutu wa boma ndipo likucita milimo ya "mauteŵeti ghaciphikiro".
Bungwe la All Basotho Convention (ABC) ndilo likulongozga boma la wupu wakulongozga mu Nyumba ya Malango, iyo ni nyumba ya pasi. Nyumba yikuru ya boma, iyo ni Senate, yili na ŵalongozgi 22 awo ŵakwimikika na themba.
Ndondomeko iyi yikupanga khoti lakujiyimira palekha, ilo lili na Khoti Likuru, Khoti la Apilu, makhoti gha Magistrate, na makhoti ghakurughakuru agho ghali mu vigaŵa vya ku mizi. Ŵeruzgi wose ŵa khoti la apilu ni ŵa ku South Africa. Pa mulandu uwu, ŵeruzgi ŵakweruzga ŵekha yayi, panji para mulandu uli mu khoti, ŵeruzgi ŵanyake ŵaŵiri ndiwo ŵakuwona.
, the People's Charter Movement called for the practical annexation of the country by South Africa due to the HIV epidemic. Nearly a quarter of the population tests positive for HIV. Charu ichi chili na suzgo la kusoŵa nchito, kusuzgika kwa cuma, ndalama zinonono, na kukanizgika kwenda. Lipoti la wupu wa African Union likati caru ca Lesotho cikwenera kukolerana na caru ca South Africa. Mu Meyi 2010, gulu la Charter Movement likapeleka chikalata ku South African High Commission kupempha kuti ŵaŵeso mu wupu uwu. Muyowoyeri wa vya mukati wa South Africa, Ronnie Mamoepa wakakana fundo yakuti Lesotho ndiyo yikwenera kupika mwaŵi wapadera. "Ni caru cakujiyimira pacekha nga ni South Africa. Tikatumizga mathenga ku vyaru vyapafupi nga ni Botswana, Zimbabwe, Swaziland na Lesotho pambere tindakhazikiske dango la pasipoti. Para mwafuma ku Britain kuluta ku South Africa, kasi mukukhumba yayi pasipoti?"
Ŵanyake ŵakugomezga kuti kuŵikapo panji kusintha mphaka za Lesotho kungaŵa kwakovwira. Pa nyengo iyo nthenda ya AIDS yikaŵa kuti yikuru comene, ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 30,000 ŵa ku Lesotho ŵakasayina chikalata cakuti boma la Lesotho liŵawovwire kuti ŵaleke kukhala vyaka 34. Ŵanthu awo ŵakusanda vya ndyali, nga ni Jeffrey Herbst mu buku lake lakuti "War and the State of Africa", ŵakususka kuti cifukwa cakuti vyaru nga ni Lesotho na Eswatini vilije mphindano pa mphaka, vyaru ivi vikalutilira kuŵa vyambura nkhongono. Kupeleŵera uku kukucitika cifukwa cakuti boma la Britain na la Romu-Dutch lili na vinthu vinyake ivyo vikukolerana na dango la Britain. Pa cifukwa ici, boma ilo lilipo sono likuteŵetera ŵanthu ŵa Basotho yayi, kweni likuŵagwiliskira nchito.
Pamanyuma pakuti nduna yikuru Tom Thabane wafumapo cifukwa ca kuthya kuti wazamumukomaso na kupeleka dango lakuti muwoli wake wakomeke mu 2020, nduna ya vya ndalama ya South Africa yikayowoya kuti boma la Lesotho, Eswatini, na South Africa liŵe mu umoza. Muhaliri wake, Moeketsi Majoro, wakachitanga mulimo wake kufuma mu 2020 mpaka 2022 mpaka apo nayo wakafumapo pa udindo wake pamanyuma pa kuvota "kwambura kugomezgeka" mu Nyumba ya Malamulo chifukwa cha nkharo yiheni na ŵasilikari kweniso umo wakugwilira ntchito na COVID-19. Apo nduna yikuru ya sono Sam Matekane yikugwira nchito na South African Development Community (SADC) pa kusintha malango, boma lake likulutilira kulongora vimanyikwiro vya vimbundi apo ŵantchito 40,000 ŵa vyakuvwara ŵakasuskanga kuti vinthu viŵe makora ndipo ŵakakumana na nkhaza izo zikakoma ŵanthu ŵaŵiri.
Ubale na vyaru vinyake
Charu cha Lesotho chili mu wupu wa vyalo vinyake, nga ni Southern African Development Community (SADC) na Southern African Customs Union (SACU). Likugwira ntchito mu wupu wa United Nations (UN), African Union (AU), Non-Aligned Movement, Commonwealth, na mawupu ghanyake.
Charu cha Lesotho chili na ubwezi na Britain (mwakudumura Wales), Germany, United States na vyaru vinyake vya ku Western. Mu 1990, charu ichi chikadumura ubwezi na China ndipo chikambaso ubwezi na Taiwan. Likuzomera boma la Palestina. Kufuma mu 2014 m'paka mu 2018 yikazomera Republic of Kosovo.
Boma ili likasuskanga chomene muwuso wa katangale wa apartheid mu charu cha South Africa. Mu 2019, charu ichi chikasaina phangano la UN lakukanizga vilwero vya nyukiliya.
Kuvikilira na kukora malango
Gulu la ŵasilikari la Lesotho Defence Force (LDF) ndilo likuvikilira chalo. Mulara wawo wakucemeka Mulara.
Gulu la ŵapolisi la Lesotho Mounted Police Service (LMPS) ndilo likuŵa na mulimo wa kuvikilira malango na ndondomeko. Mulara wawo wakucemeka Commissioner. LMPS yikovwira ŵapolisi kuti ŵavware yunifomu, kuti ŵamanye uheni, kweniso kuti ŵachitenge makora pa msewu. Paliso maofesi ghanyake agho ghakovwira pa nkhani ya vigeŵenga, ŵanthu awo ŵakunjira mu vyaru vinyake, vinyama, na uchigeŵenga. Gulu ili likamba kugwira ntchito kwambira mu 1872.
Wupu wakuwona vya wanangwa wa ŵanthu (Lesotho National Security Service (LNSS)) ndiwo ukuvikilira wanangwa wa ŵanthu. Nduna yikuru ya wupu uwu yikucemeka Mulara. LNSS ni wupu wa upusikizgi uwo ukupeleka lipoti ku boma. Mulara wa Boma ndiyo wali na mazaza gha kwimika panji kufumiska mulara.
Malango
Charu cha Lesotho chilije dango limoza ilo lili na malango ghake..
Dango la Lesotho likamba kugwira ntchito pamanyuma pakuti dango ili lalembeka. Pa malango gha boma, dango likung'anamura malango agho ghalembeka na nyumba ziŵiri za boma na kuzomerezgeka na fumu (chigaŵa 78 (1)). Dango lakunjilira mu boma likung'anamura malango agho ghakapelekeka na wupu unyake uwo boma lili kupeleka mazaza agha kuyana na chigaŵa cha 70 (2) cha Dango. Vinthu ivi ni mabuku gha boma, malango gha ŵalaŵiliri, malango gha ŵalaŵiliri, na malango gha boma.
Nangauli charu cha Lesotho chikukolerana na vyaru vya South Africa, Botswana, Eswatini, Namibia, na Zimbabwe, kweni vili na malango ghakupambanapambana. Charu cha Lesotho chikugwiliskira ntchito dango lakwamba, ilo likung'anamura dango lakulembeka yayi panji ilo likufuma ku malango ghanyake. Vyeruzgo vya makhoti gha ku South Africa vikuŵa vyakukhuŵilizga waka, ndipo makhoti ghakughanaghanira pa ivyo ŵakweruzga. Vyeruzgo ivyo vyapelekeka ku makhoti ghanyake vingaŵa vyakukopa. Pa milandu iyi, makhoti ghaciŵiri ghakupambana na ghaciŵiri. Ŵakukakika na vyeruzgo vya High Court na Court of Appeal. Khoti la Apilu, ilo ni khoti laumaliro pa nkhani zose, ndilo likuwona na kughanaghanira makhoti ghose gha ku Lesotho.
Charu cha Lesotho chili na malango ghaŵiri. Malango gha cikaya ghakupangika na mitheto ya Basotho, iyo yili kulembeka mu Malango gha Lerotholi. Kweni dango lakwamba lili kufuma ku malango gha Ŵaroma ŵa ku Netherlands agho ghakafuma ku Cape na Lesotho. Mu 1903, khoti ilo likalongozganga ŵanthu ŵa ku Basotho likakhazikiskika kuti liphalirengeko munthu uyo wakaŵa mulara wa boma la Britain malango agho ghangawovwira ŵanthu ŵa ku Basotho. M'paka pa nyengo iyi, mitheto na malango gha Basotho ghakapelekekanga ku miwiro na miwiro kwizira mu mitheto. Wupu uwu ndiwo ukapangiska malango gha Lerotholi, agho mazuŵa ghano ghakulondezgeka na makhoti gha mu vigaŵa. Mabuku agho ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakalemba ghakaŵa ghakukopa ku makhoti gha ku Lesotho. Mu mabuku agha muli mabuku gha "ŵalaraŵalara ŵa boma kweniso ŵalembi ŵanyake awo ŵakalembako kale".
Maboma
Ku Lesotho kuli vigaŵa 10, ndipo chigaŵa chilichose chili na mulongozgi wake. Chigaŵa chilichose chili na msumba ukuru uwo ukuchemeka Camptown. • Berea
• Butha-Buthe
• Leribe
• Maseru
• Mohale's Hoek
• Mokhotlong
• Qacha's Nek
• Quthing
• Thaba-Tseka Vigaŵa ivi vili kugaŵika mu vigaŵa 80, ivyo vili na maboma 129.
Makhalilo
Charu cha Lesotho chili na malo ghakukwana 30,355 km2. Ni caru cimoza pera pa caru cose ico cili pacanya pa mamita 1,000. Malo ghapachanya chomene pa charu chapasi ghali pa mamita 1,400. Malo ghakujumpha 80% gha charu ichi ghali pa mtunda wa mamita 1,800. Charu cha Lesotho chili kumwera chomene pa charu chose chapasi. Ni caru cikuru comene pa vyaru vitatu vya pa caru cose ico cili na caru cinyake, ndipo caŵiri ni Vatican City na San Marino. Ni boma lacilendo pera kuwaro kwa Italy, ndipo ndilo pera ilo ni boma lichoko.
Charu cha Lesotho chili pakati pa latitude 28° na 31°S, ndipo longitude 27° na 30°E. Pafupifupi 12% ya caru ca Lesotho ni malo ghakuliskako vyakumera agho ghakukhuŵazgika na kunangika kwa dongo; ŵanthu ŵakuti matani 40 miliyoni gha dongo ghakunangika caka cilicose cifukwa ca kunangika kwa dongo.
Nyengo
Cifukwa cakuti caru ca Lesotho cili pacanya comene, cikuzizima comene kuluska vigaŵa vinyake. Vula yinandi yikuwa mu chihanya. Maseru na malo ghakuzingilizga ghakukwera chomene m'nyengo ya chihanya. Nyengo zinyake mu vigaŵa vya mapiri, matenthedwe ghakufika pa -7 °C. Ku chigaŵa cha mapiri, chiwuvi chikuwira chomene pakati pa mwezi wa Meyi na Seputembala. Ku Lesotho, vula yikulokwa nyengo na malo ghakupambanapambana. Ku malo ghanyake, maji ghakukhira kufuma pa 500 mm kufika pa 1200 mm. Nyengo ya chihanya iyo yikwenda kufuma mu Okutobala m'paka Epulero ndiyo yikuŵa na vula zinandi chomene, ndipo kufuma mu Disembala m'paka Febuluwale, chigaŵa chikuru cha charu ichi chikuŵa na vula yakujumpha 100 mm pa mwezi. Chivula chichoko chomene pa mwezi ku Lesotho chikuŵa mu Juni, apo vigaŵa vinandi vikuŵa na chivula chichoko chomene pa mwezi..
Chilangalanga
Ku Lesotho, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakukhala ku mizi chifukwa cha chilangalanga. Ku Lesotho kukusuzga comene cifukwa ca kulima. Buku la World Factbook likuzunura vyakumera ivyo vikuchitika nyengo na nyengo mu chigaŵa cha Lesotho.
Mu Malichi 2019, Komiti ya Kuwona na Kusanda Vinthu mu charu cha Lesotho yikalemba lipoti ilo likayowoyerathu kuti ŵanthu 487,857 mu charu ichi ŵakukhumbikwira wovwiri chifukwa cha chilangalanga.
Pali vifukwa vinandi ivyo vyomira vya mu Lesotho vyapangiskira kuti ŵanthu ŵasangire wovwiri. Vinthu vinyake vyakukhwaskana na utozi ivyo vikucitika cifukwa ca "kusoŵa maji ghakutowa" vingapangiska nthenda ya typhoid na nthenda ya kusulura. Ŵanakazi na ŵasungwana awo ŵakutora maji kuti ŵagwiliskirenge ntchito pa nyumba zawo ŵakuŵa pangozi chifukwa ŵakumalira nyengo yinandi na kwenda mitunda yitali. Ku Lesotho, chilangalanga chikupangiska ŵanthu ŵanandi kuluta mu matawuni kweniso ku South Africa kuti ŵasangeko mwaŵi unyake kweniso kuti ŵaleke kusoŵa cakurya. Lipoti ili likati pakati pa Julayi 2019 na Juni 2020 ŵanthu 640,000 ku Lesotho ŵakulindizgika kuti ŵazamukomwa na suzgo la vyakurya chifukwa cha "vyakurya vyambura kupambika kweniso kukwera kwa mitengo ya vyakurya chifukwa cha chilangalanga".
Vyamoyo
Ku Lesotho kuli viyuni vyakukwana 339, kusazgapo vyamoyo 10 ivyo vili pangozi pa caru cose ndiposo vyamoyo viŵiri ivyo vikusangika mu vyaru vinyake.
Vinyama vya ku Lesotho ni vya mu mapiri. Ku Katse Botanical Gardens kuli vyakumera vyakuti vingachizga matenda. Mu vigaŵa vya Lesotho muli vigaŵa vitatu: malo ghakututuŵa gha Drakensberg, malo ghakututuŵa gha Drakensberg, na malo ghakututuŵa gha Highveld.
Chuma
Chuma cha ku Lesotho chikuthemba pa ulimi, viŵeto, kupanga vinthu na migodi, ndipo chikuthemba pa ndalama izo ŵantchito ŵakutumizga na ndalama izo zikufuma ku Southern African Customs Union (SACU). Ŵanandi ŵakukhala mu minda. Ŵanalume awo ŵakugwira ntchito mu migodi ku South Africa kwa myezi yitatu panji yinkhondi na yimoza, kweniso ŵantchito ŵa boma la Lesotho. Malo ghakuthyana gha kumanjiliro gha dazi ndigho ni malo ghakurughakuru gha ulimi. Pafupifupi ŵanthu 50 pa ŵanthu 100 ŵaliwose ŵakulima panji kuŵeta viŵeto, ndipo pafupifupi vigaŵa viŵiri pa vigaŵa vitatu vya ndalama izo charu chikusanga zikufuma ku vyakurya. Chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu awo ŵakukhala pasi pa ndalama zakukwana madola 1.25 pa zuŵa chikakhira kufuma pa 48% kufika pa 44% pakati pa 1995 na 2003. Charu ichi chili pakati pa vyaru ivyo "Vinthu vikwenda makora yayi pa umoyo wa ŵanthu" (chali pa nambara 160 pa nambara 187 pa ndondomeko ya UNDP ya vya umoyo wa ŵanthu), ndipo ŵanthu ŵakukhala vyaka 52 para ŵababika. Ŵakuŵerenga na kulemba ŵalipo 82%. Pa ŵana awo ŵandakwaniske vyaka 5, ŵana 20 pa 100 ŵalije thupi lakukwana.
Lesotho has taken advantage of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) to become the largest exporter of garments to the US from sub-Saharan Africa. US brands and retailers sourcing from Lesotho include Foot Locker, Gap, Gloria Vanderbilt, JCPenney, Levi Strauss, Saks, Sears, Timberland and Wal-Mart. Pakati pa caka ca 2004, nchito izo ŵakacitanga zikajumpha 50,000, comenecomene ŵanakazi, ndipo aka kakaŵa kakwamba kuti ŵantchito ŵa mu vipatala ŵaŵe ŵanandi kuluska ŵa mu boma. Mu 2008, likaguliska katundu wakukwana madola 487 miliyoni, comenecomene ku United States. Kwambira mu 2004, nchito za mu cigaŵa ici zachepa kufika pa 45,000 mu 2011 cifukwa ca mpikisano wa pa caru cose. Mu 2011, ofesi iyi ndiyo yikaŵa yikuru chomene mu Lesotho. Mu 2007, malipiro gha munthu uyo wakugwira ntchito mu makampani gha vyakuvwara ghakaŵa $103 pa mwezi. Mu 2008, ndalama izo ŵanthu ŵakasanganga pa mwezi zikaŵa madola 83 gha ku America. Boma ili likambiska pulogiramu yakulimbana na HIV/AIDS yakuchemeka Apparel Lesotho Alliance to Fight AIDS (ALAFA). Ndilo ni pulogiramu ya pa caru cose iyo yikovwira ŵantchito kuti ŵaleke kulwara na kupokera munkhwala.
Maji na malibwe gha dayamondi ni vinthu vinyake ivyo Lesotho wali navyo. Maji ghakugwiliskirika nchito mu cigaŵa ca Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP), ico cikuŵa na vilimika 21, ndipo cili na ndalama mabiliyoni ghanandi. Ntchito iyi yikamba mu 1986. LHWP yikupangika kuti yikore maji kufuma mu Mlonga wa Orange na kuluta nagho ku chigaŵa cha Free State na Johannesburg. Pakuti chigaŵa chakwamba cha ntchito iyi chafiskika, charu cha Lesotho "chamba kujikora" pakupanga magesi ndipo mu 2010 chikasanga ndalama zakukwana madola 70 miliyoni gha ku United States kufuma pa kuguliska magesi na maji ku South Africa.
Malibwe agha ghakupangika mu migodi ya Letšeng, Mothae, Liqhobong, na Kao, ndipo mu 2014 ghakapanga malibwe gha karati 240,000. Mu mgodi wa Letšeng muli malibwe gha mtengo wa madola 2172/carat. Mu 2008, chifukwa cha suzgo la vyachuma pa charu chose, ntchito iyi yikanangika chomene, ndipo mu 2010 na 2011, yikalutilira makora. Kuguliska dayimani kukakwana madola 230 miliyoni mu 2010. Mu 1957, munthu munyake wa ku South Africa, Colonel Jack Scott, pamoza na Keith Whitelock, ŵakaluta kukapenja dayamondi. Ŵakasanga migodi ya dayamondi pa mtunda wa mamita 3,100, pachanya pa mapiri gha Maluti kumpoto kwa Lesotho, makilomita 70 kufuma ku Mokhotlong ku Letšeng. Mu 1967, mwanakazi munyake wa ku Mosotho wakasanga dayamondi (Lesotho Brown) ilo likaŵa na uzito wa magalamu 120.2. Mu Ogasiti 2006, ku Letšeng-la-Terae ŵakasanga libwe la matalente lituŵa la Lesotho Promise ilo likaŵa na uzito wa makara 603. Mu 2008, ku malo agha kukasangikaso dayamondi munyake wa uzito wa magalamu 95.6.
Charu cha Lesotho chajumphapo apo chikaŵa na cuma ico cikugwiliskira nchito ndalama zinandi kuti cikondweske ŵanthu. Vigaŵa vya vyakurya ivyo vikuguliska vyakurya vinyake vya ku vyaru vinyake vyapeleka ndalama zinandi ku ŵanthu ŵanandi. Chifukwa cha suzgo la vyachuma pa caru cose, caru ca Lesotho cikataya nchito zinandi pa nkhani ya vyakuvwara cifukwa ca suzgo la vyachuma ku United States, uko kukaŵa malo ghakwendako. Kuchepa kwa migodi ya dayamondi na katundu uyo wakwendeskeka, kusazgapo kukhira kwa mtengo wa dayamondi na kuchepa kwa ndalama za SACU chifukwa cha suzgo la vyachuma ku South Africa, ndiko kukapangiska suzgo ili. Kuchepa kwa ndalama za ogwira ntchito chifukwa cha "kufooka" kwa chuma cha South Africa ndi kuchepa kwa ntchito ya migodi ndi kutayika kwa ntchito ku South Africa kunathandizira mu 2009, kukula kwa GDP ya Lesotho kuchepa kufika pa 0.9%.
Ndalama za boma ni loti (m'nthumbo: maloti) izo zingagwiliskirika nchito pamoza na rand ya ku South Africa. Charu cha Lesotho, Eswatini, Namibia, na South Africa vili na ndalama zakuyana na umo ŵanthu ŵakugwilira ntchito. Ndalama iyi yikukolerana na rand.
Ŵanthu
Chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu ŵa ku Lesotho chili pafupifupi 2,281,454.The population distribution of Lesotho is 25% urban and 75% rural. It is estimated that the annual increase in urban population is 3.5%. 60.2% of the population is between 15 and 64 years of age.
Mtundu na viyowoyero
Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Lesotho ŵakuyowoya chiyowoyero cha Basotho. Pa nkhani iyi, Lesotho njimoza mwa vyaru vichoko waka vya mu Africa ivyo vili na ŵanthu ŵa fuko limoza kweniso chiyowoyero chimoza. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Basotho ni Bafokeng, Batloung, Baphuthi, Bakuena, Bataung, Batšoeneng, na Matebele.
Chisopo
Ŵanthu ŵa ku Lesotho ŵakujumpha 95 peresenti Mbakhristu. Pa ŵanthu aŵa, Ŵaprotesitanti ŵalipo 18.2%, Ŵapentekoste 15.4%, Ŵaanglican 5.3%, ndipo Ŵakhristu ŵanyake ŵalipo 1.8%. Ŵakatolika ŵakwimira 49.4% ya ŵanthu, awo ŵakuteŵetereka na chigaŵa cha Metropolitan Archbishop of Maseru na ŵanthu ŵake ŵatatu (ŵasembe ŵa Leribe, Mohale's Hoek na Qacha's Nek), awo ŵakupangiska ungano wa ŵasembe wa pa caru cose. Visopa ivyo ni vya Cikhristu yayi ni 9.6% vya ŵanthu wose, ndipo awo ŵalije cisopa ni 0.2%.
Masambiro na kuŵazga
Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakuti pa caru cose, pa ŵanakazi awo ŵali na vyaka vyakujumpha 15, 85 peresenti na ŵanalume awo ŵali na vyaka vyakujumpha 15, 68 peresenti ŵakumanya kuŵazga na kulemba. Lekani charu cha Lesotho chili na "umoza mwa vyaru vyapachanya chomene mu Africa" chifukwa cha ndalama izo charu ichi chikugwiliskira ntchito pa masambiro. Ŵanakazi awo ŵakumanya kuŵazga na kulemba (84.93%) ŵakuluska ŵanalume awo ŵakumanya kuŵazga na kulemba (67.75%) na 17.18%. Kuyana na kafukufuku uyo wakachitika na wupu wa Southern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality mu 2000, ŵana 37 pa 100 ŵaliwose ŵa kilasi 6 ku Lesotho (ŵakaŵa na vyaka 14) ŵakaŵazganga makora. Msambiri uyo wakumanya kuŵazga makora wangaŵazga nkhani kufuma kunthazi m'paka kumasinda kuti waŵikeko fundo zinyake. Nangauli sukulu njakukakamizgika yayi, kweni boma la Lesotho likwendeska ndondomeko ya masambiro ghapachanya ghaulere.
Wupu wa International Telecommunication Union ukati ŵanthu 3.4% pa caru cose ŵakugwiliskira nchito Intaneti. Ntchito ya Econet Telecom Lesotho yikawovwira kuti ŵanthu ŵa mu charu ichi ŵapulikiskenge makora uthenga wa pa e-mail kwizira mu mafoni ghapachanya chomene. African Library Project ikugwira ntchito kukhazikitsa makalata a sukulu ndi midzi mogwirizana ndi US Peace Corps Lesotho ndi Butha Buthe District of Education.
Umoyo
Mu 2016, ŵanthu ŵa ku Lesotho ŵakakhazganga kukhala vyaka 51 kwa ŵanalume na vyaka 55 kwa ŵanakazi. Ŵana ŵachoko waka ndiwo ŵakufwa pa vipatala pafupifupi 8.3%. Mu 2019, vyaka ivyo ŵanalume na ŵanakazi ŵakakhaliranga na umoyo vikaŵa 52.
Mu chaka cha 2018, chiŵerengero cha anthu achikulire omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV/AIDS ku Lesotho chikukwana 23.6% ndipo ndichiwiri kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, pambuyo pa Eswatini. Mu 2021, charu cha Lesotho chikaŵa na chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu ŵa HIV 22.8% pa ŵanthu ŵa vyaka vyapakati pa 15 na 49. Mu caru ici ndimo muli ŵanthu ŵanandi comene awo ŵali na nthenda ya maleriya.
Kuyana na kafukufuku uyo wakachitika mu charu cha Lesotho mu 2006, ŵanthu pafupifupi 4 pa ŵanthu 100 ŵaliwose ŵali na suzgo linyake. Ŵanthu ŵakukayikira usange nthowa izo ŵakugwiliskira ntchito ni zakugomezgeka, ndipo ŵakuwona kuti chiŵerengero chaunenesko chili pafupi na 15%. Kuyana na kafukufuku uyo wakacitika na wupu wa Lesotho National Federation of Organizations of the Disabled pamoza na SINTEF, ŵanthu awo ŵali na suzgo mu caru ca Lesotho ŵakukumana na masuzgo agho ghakuŵakanizga kusambira, kupwelelera umoyo, na kusanga nchito mwakuyana na ŵanji. Pa Disembala 2, 2008, charu cha Lesotho chikaŵa cha nambara 42 kusayinira phangano la wupu wa UN lakukhwaskana na wanangwa wa ŵanthu ŵakupendera.
Mwakuyana na umo wupu wa vyaumoyo wa pa caru cose ukulongolera, kwambira mu 2008, caru ca Lesotho nchakwamba pa caru cose kuŵa na ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakujikoma.