cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Mbili ya Gabon
Mbiri Yakwambilira
Ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu chigaŵa ichi ŵakasamuskika kufuma mu 1000 C.E. kuya munthazi na ŵanthu ŵa ku Bantu awo ŵakafumanga kumpoto, nga mba Fang. Tikumanya vinandi yayi vyakukhwaskana na umoyo wa mafuko agha pambere ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe ŵandafike, kweni ivyo ŵanthu aŵa ŵakachita vikulongora kuti ŵakaŵa na mitheto yinandi.
Ŵanthu ŵakwambilira ŵa ku Europe awo ŵakaluta ku Gabon ŵakaŵa Ŵapwitikizi awo ŵakafika kuumaliro wa vyaka vya m'ma 1400. Pa nyengo iyi, ufumu wa Loango ndiwo ukalamuliranga kumwera. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Portugal ŵakakhazikika pa virwa vya São Tomé, Príncipe, na Fernando Pó, kweni ŵakizanga kanandi waka ku virwa ivi.
Ŵakazunura chigaŵa ichi kuti Gabon, kufuma ku lizgu la Ciphwitikizi lakuti gabão. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1500, ŵamalonda ŵanandi ŵa ku Europe ŵakiza mu chigaŵa ichi kuti ŵaguliske ŵazga, mino gha zovu, na makuni.
Lundu, Rumphi
Lundu ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Rumphi, chigaŵa cha ku mpoto kwa charu cha Malaŵi.
Sankt Veit an der Glan
Sankt Veit an der Glan ni msumba mu boma la Carinthia mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Chankhomi, Rumphi
Chankhomi  ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Rumphi, chigaŵa cha ku mpoto kwa charu cha Malaŵi.
Weissensee, Austria
Weissensee, Austria ni msumba mu boma la Carinthia mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Winklern
Winklern ni msumba mu boma la Carinthia mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Pachichi, Rumphi
Pachichi ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Rumphi,chigaŵa cha ku mpoto kwa charu cha Malaŵi.
Mbili ya Gabon
Nyengo ya French colonial
Mu 1838 na 1841, France yikakhazikiska boma lakuvikilira vigaŵa vya mumphepete mwa nyanja ku Gabon.
Lura, Rumphi
Lura ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Rumphi, chigaŵa cha ku mpoto kwa charu cha Malaŵi.
Mbili ya Gabon
Nyengo ya French colonial
Ŵamishonale ŵa ku America ŵakufuma ku New England ŵakakhazikiska ofesi ku mlomo wa Mlonga wa Komo mu 1842. Mu 1849, boma la France likakora boti ilo likaŵanga na ŵazga ndipo likaŵafumiska. Ŵalendo aŵa ŵakafwatulika kufupi na ofesi ya umishonale, ndipo ŵakakhazikiska msumba unyake wakuchemeka Libreville.
Makanya, Lilongwe
Makanya ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu chigaŵa cha kumafumilo gha dazi gha boma la Lilongwe,mu chigaŵa cha Pakati,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Mbili ya Gabon
Nyengo ya French colonial
Mu 1910, charu cha Gabon chikaŵa chimoza mwa vigaŵa vinayi vya French Equatorial Africa. Pa Julayi 15, 1960, France yikazomera kuti Gabon waŵe wakujiyimira payekha. Pa Ogasiti 17, 1960, charu cha Gabon chikaŵa pa mtende.
Sankt Stefan im Gailtal
Sankt Stefan im Gailtal ni msumba mu boma la Carinthia mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Mbili ya Gabon
Kujilamulila
Pa nyengo iyo Gabon yikapokera wanangwa mu 1960, pakaŵa magulu ghaŵiri gha ndyali: Gabonese Democratic Bloc (BDG), ilo likawusikanga na Léon M'Ba, na Gabonese Democratic and Social Union (UDSG), ilo likawusikanga na Jean-Hilaire Aubame. Pa maungano ghakwamba agho ghakacitika pamanyuma pa kujiwombora, pakaŵavya chipani icho chikapokera wanandi wa ŵanthu. Bungwe la BDG likapokera wovwiri wa ŵimiliri ŵatatu pa ŵanayi ŵa boma, ndipo M'Ba wakaŵa nduna yikuru. Mwaluŵiro ŵakati ŵawona kuti mu Gabon mulije ŵanthu ŵakukwana kuti ŵaŵe na vipani viŵiri, ŵalongozgi ŵa vipani viŵiri ivi ŵakakolerana kuti ŵaŵe na ŵanthu ŵaŵiri. Mu 1961 pa mavoti gha mu Febuluwale, M'Ba wakaŵa pulezidenti ndipo Aubame wakaŵa nduna ya vyaru vinyake.
Malimbwe, Lilongwe
Malimbwe ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu chigaŵa cha kumafumilo gha dazi gha boma la Lilongwe,mu chigaŵa cha Pakati,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Senegal
Senegal  kuzunula mwaboma, Charu cha Sengegal, ni caru ca ku West Africa, mumphepete mwa nyanja ya Atlantic. Charu cha Senegal chili kumpoto na Mauritania, kumafumiro gha dazi na Mali, kumwera na kumafumiro gha dazi na Guinea-Bissau. Charu cha Senegal chili pafupi na charu cha Gambia, ndipo chili mumphepete mwa Mlonga wa Gambia. Charu cha Senegal chili na mphaka na charu cha Cape Verde. Msumba wa Dakar ndiwo ni msumba ukuru wa vyachuma na ndyali mu Senegal.
Steindorf am Ossiacher See
Steindorf am Ossiacher See ni msumba mu boma la Carinthia mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Senegal
Charu cha Senegal ndicho chili kumanjiliro gha dazi comene mu caru ca Old World, panji Afro-Eurasia. Zina ili likwiza cifukwa ca mlonga wa Senegal, uwo uli kumafumiro gha dazi na kumpoto. Nyengo yake ni ya ku Sahelian, kweni nyengo zinyake kukuŵa vula. Charu cha Senegal chili na malo ghakukwana makilomita pafupifupi 197,000 ndipo ŵanthu ŵake ŵalipo 17 miliyoni. Boma ili lili na boma la pulezidenti; kufuma waka apo likambira mu 1960, charu ichi ntchakukhora chomene mu Africa.
Mkombezi, Rumphi
Mkombezi ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Rumphi, chigaŵa cha ku mpoto kwa charu cha Malaŵi.
Stall, Austria
Stall, Austria ni msumba mu boma la Carinthia mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Sankt Margareten im Rosental
Sankt Margareten im Rosental ni msumba mu boma la Carinthia mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Mbili ya Gabon
Kujilamulila
Ndondomeko ya chipani chimoza iyi yikawoneka kuti yikagwira ntchito mpaka mu Febuluwale 1963, apo BDG yikapangiska mamembala gha UDSG kusankha pakati pa kuphatikiza zipani panji kufumapo. Ŵalaraŵalara ŵa UDSG ŵakafumapo, ndipo M'Ba wakachema kuti paŵe mavoti gha mu Febuluwale 1964 na kuchepeskako unandi wa ŵimiliri ŵa National Assembly (kufuma pa 67 kufika pa 47). Wupu wa UDSG ukatondeka kusanga ŵanthu awo ŵakeneranga kuŵa pa mavoti. Apo boma la BDG likawonekanga kuti lipambenge mavoti, ŵasilikari ŵa ku Gabon ŵakamuwuskapo M'Ba pa 18 February 1964. Zuŵa lakulondezgapo, ŵasilikari ŵa France ŵakambaso kuwusa. Mu Epulero 1964, kukaŵa maungano gha chigaŵa. Awo ŵakakolerana na BDG ŵakatora vithuzithuzi 31, ndipo awo ŵakususka ŵakasanga vithuzithuzi 16. Kuumaliro wa 1966, dango la boma likasintha kuti para pulezidenti wafwa, wapokelerenge udindo wake. Mu March 1967, Leon M'Ba na Omar Bongo (uyo panyengo iyo wakamanyikwanga na zina lakuti Albert Bongo) ŵakasankhika kuŵa Pulezidenti na Wachiŵiri kwa Pulezidenti, ndipo BDG yikapokera vithuzithuzi vyose 47 mu National Assembly. M'Ba wakafwa kuumaliro wa caka ici, ndipo Omar Bongo wakaŵa pulezidenti.
Kuchipala, Lilongwe
Kuchipala ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu chigaŵa cha kumafumilo gha dazi gha boma la Lilongwe,mu chigaŵa cha Pakati,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Kaundama, Lilongwe
Kaundama ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu chigaŵa cha kumafumilo gha dazi gha boma la Lilongwe,mu chigaŵa cha Pakati,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Mbili ya Gabon
Kujilamulila
Mu Malichi 1968 Bongo wakapharazga kuti Gabon ni chalo cha chipani chimoza mwa kusaska BDG na kukhazikiska chipani chiphya: chipani cha Gabonese Democratic Party (Parti Démocratique Gabonais) (PDG). Wakacema ŵanthu wose ŵa ku Gabon, kwambura kupwelerako za ndyali. Bongo wakasankhika kuŵa pulezidenti mu Febuluwale 1973; mu Epulero 1975, ofesi ya mulara wa boma yikalekeka ndipo yikasinthika na ofesi ya nduna yikuru, iyo yikaŵavya wanangwa wa kuwusa. Bongo wakasankhikaso kuŵa pulezidenti mu Disembala 1979 na Novembala 1986 kwa vyaka 7. Pakugwiliskira nchito PDG kuŵa ciŵiya cakumazgira mphindano za cigaŵa na za mafuko izo zikagaŵaniska ndyali za ku Gabon kumanyuma, Bongo wakayezga kupanga gulu limoza lakuwovwira ndyali za boma.
Cifukwa ca suzgo la vya cuma ndiposo kukhumba kuti vinthu viŵe makora mu ndyali, ŵana ŵa sukulu na ŵantchito ŵakamba kucitiska viwawa na kunyenyenyenkha nchito mu 1990. Pakuzgora kudandawura kwa ŵantchito, Bongo wakadumbiskana pa chigaŵa na chigaŵa, ndipo wakapeleka malipiro ghanandi. Mwakusazgirapo, wakalayizga kuti wazamujura malo gha PDG na kunozga ungano wa ndyali mu Malichi na Epulero 1990 kuti wadumbiskane za ndyali za ku Gabon. Pa ungano uwu pakaŵaso ŵalara ŵa maboma na mawupu ghanyake 74. Awo ŵakanjilirapo ŵakagaŵikana mu mabungwe ghaŵiri, PDG na ŵabwezi ŵake, na United Front of Opposition Associations and Parties, agho ghakaŵa na Morena Fundamental na Gabonese Progress Party.
Pa ungano uwo ukacitika mu Epulero 1990, ŵakazomerezga kusintha vinthu vinandi pa ndyali, kusazgapo kukhazikiska wupu wakuwona vya ndyali (National Senate), kuleka kwendeska ndyali, wanangwa wa kuwungana, na kufumiska mabuku. Mu kuyezga kwendeska kusintha kwa ndyali kuya ku demokilase ya vyaru vinandi, Bongo wakaleka udindo wake wa CEO ndipo wakapangiska boma lakwendera pasi ilo likulongozgeka na nduna yikuru Casimir Oyé-Mba. Gulu la Social Democratic Grouping (RSDG) la ku Gabon, ndilo likacemekanga boma ilo likafuma, likaŵa licoko comene kuluska boma lakale ndipo likaŵa na ŵimiliri ŵa vyaru vinandi vyakususka boma. Mu Meyi 1990, RSDG yikalemba dango lakwamba ilo likapelekanga wanangwa wa ŵanthu kweniso wupu wakuwona vya malango. Pamasinda, komiti ya malango na Nyumba ya Malango yikati yasanda fundo iyi, yikamba kugwira ntchito mu Malichi 1991. Kuyana na dango la boma la mu 1991, para pulezidenti wafwa, nduna yikuru, pulezidenti wa wupu wakuwona vya wanangwa wa ŵanthu, na nduna yakuwona vya kuvikilira charu, ŵakeneranga kugaŵana mazaza m'paka paŵe mavoti ghaphya.
Ndipouli, ŵanthu ŵakalutilira kulimbana na PDG, ndipo mu Seputembala 1990, ŵanthu ŵaŵiri awo ŵakakhumbanga kuwukira boma ŵakasangika na kuthereskeka. Nangauli pakaŵa ŵanthu ŵakususka boma pamanyuma pa nyifwa ya mulongozgi wa chipani chinyake, kweni mavoti ghakwamba gha vyaru vyakupambanapambana mu vyaka 30 ghakachitika mu Seputembala na Okutobala 1990.
Pamasinda pakuti Pulezidenti Bongo wasankhika mu Disembala 1993 na mavoti 51%, ŵakususka ŵakakana kuzomerezga ivyo vikacitika. Nkhondo zikuruzikuru zikapangiska kuti boma na ŵasilikari ŵakususka boma ŵafike pa phangano. Ivyo ŵakadumbiskana vikapangiska kuti mu Novembala 1994, paŵe mapangano gha ku Paris. Ndipouli, ndondomeko iyi yikamara mwaluŵiro, ndipo maungano gha boma na gha boma gha mu 1996 na 1997 ghakaŵawovwira kuti ŵambeso kusankhana mitundu. PDG yikapokera vitumbiko vikuru pa mavoti gha boma, kweni misumba yinandi yikuru, kusazgapo Libreville, yikasora ma mayoro gha chipani chakususka pa mavoti gha chigaŵa gha 1997.
Mazuŵa ghano
Pulezidenti Bongo wakawoneseska kuti mavoti ghaŵeko mu Disembala 1998 na Novembala 2005, ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakamuvotera. Nangauli awo ŵakasuskanga boma la Bongo ŵakasuska kuti vikaŵa vyaupusikizgi, kweni ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakulaŵilira vinthu pa charu chose ŵakawona kuti vikaŵa vyaunenesko. Pa mavoti gha 2001-2002 agho ghakaŵa na mavoti ghachoko waka gha chipani cha opposition ndipo ghakatambuzgika chomene chifukwa cha suzgo lawo, boma likapangiska kuti paŵe wupu wakuwona vya wanangwa wa ŵanthu.
Omar Bongo wakafwira mu chipatala ku Spain pa 8 June 2009.
Mwana wake Ali Bongo Ondimba wakasankhika kuŵa purezidenti mu mavoti gha mu Ogasiti 2009. Wakasolekaso mu Ogasiti 2016, mu mavoti agho ghakaŵa na viheni vinandi, kukakika, kuswa wanangwa wa wanthu na vivulupi ivyo vikacitika pamanyuma pa mavoti.
Pa 24 Okutobala 2018, Ali Bongo Ondimbao wakagonekeka mu chipatala ku Riyadh chifukwa cha nthenda iyo yikumanyikwa yayi. Pa 29 November 2018 Bongo wakasamukira ku chipatala cha ŵasilikari ku Rabat kuti wakalutilire kupora. Pa 9 Disembala 2018, wachiŵiri kwa purezidenti wa Gabon, Moussavou, wakapharazga kuti Bongo wakasuzgika na sitiroko ku Riyadh ndipo wafumapo mu chipatala ku Rabat ndipo pasono wakuwelera ku nyumba yake ku Rabat. Kwambira pa 24 Okutobala 2018 Bongo wandawonekepo pa wumba ndipo chifukwa cha kusoŵa kwa ukaboni wakuti wali wamoyo panji wali kufwa ŵanandi ŵakughanaghana usange wali nadi wamoyo panji yayi.
Pa 7 January 2019, ŵasilikari ŵa ku Gabon ŵakayezga kutimbanizga boma.
Pa Meyi 11, 2021, wupu wa Commonwealth ukaluta ku Gabon apo Ali Bongo wakaluta ku London kukakumana na Secretary General wa wupu uwu, uwo ukuwunganya vyaru 54 vyakuyowoya Chingelezi. Pulezidenti Bongo wakuyowoya kuti Gabon ngwakunozgeka kunjira mu Commonwealth.
Matapila, Lilongwe
Matapila ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu chigaŵa cha kumafumilo gha dazi gha boma la Lilongwe,mu chigaŵa cha Pakati,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Senegal
Charu cha Senegal chili na ngongoli zinandi, ndipo chili pa nambara 170. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakukhala mumphepete mwa nyanja ndipo ŵakugwira ntchito zaulimi na vyakurya. Charu ichi chilije vinthu vinandi vyakuthupi, kweni vinthu vikwenda makora pa nkhani ya masambiro. Charu cha Senegal chili mu wupu wa African Union, United Nations, Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, na Community of Sahel-Saharan States. Pa caru cose, Senegal ni caru ico cikumanyikwa comene cifukwa ca mpikisano wa Paris-Dakar Rally.
Mchitanjiru, Lilongwe
Mchitanjiru ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu chigaŵa cha kumafumilo gha dazi gha boma la Lilongwe,mu chigaŵa cha Pakati,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Sankt Urban
Sankt Urban ni msumba mu boma la Carinthia mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Senegal
Zina
Charu cha Senegal chili na zina la Mlonga wa Senegal. Zina la mlonga uwu likwenera kuti lili kufuma ku lizgu la Chiphwitikizi ilo likung'anamura zina la mlonga wa Zenaga. Kweniso lingaŵa zina la chiuta mukuru mu cisopa ca Serer (Rog Sene) na ogal, kung'anamura maji mu ciyowoyero ca Serer. Kweniso vingachitika kuti lizgu ili likufuma ku lizgu la Chiwolophu lakuti "Sunuu Gaal", ilo likung'anamura "bwato lithu".
Vyaka vyakwambilira na vyakumanyuma
Ivyo ŵanthu ŵakufukura vinthu vyakale ŵali kusanga mu chigaŵa ichi vikulongora kuti ŵanthu ŵakakhalanga mu charu ichi mu nyengo yakale chomene. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 700 C.E., kukaŵa maufumu ghanyake: Takrur mu vyaka vya m'ma 900 C.E., Namandiru na Jolof Empire mu vyaka vya m'ma 1200 C.E. na 14 C.E. Kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Senegal kukaŵa mu ufumu wa Ghana.
Chisilamu chikamba kwizira mwa Toucouleur na Soninke awo ŵakakolerana na ufumu wa Almoravid wa ku Maghreb. Gulu ili likasuskika chomene na ŵanthu ŵa chisopa cha Serer.
Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1300 na 1400, chigaŵa ichi chikakhwaskika na maufumu gha kumafumiro gha dazi. Mu cigaŵa ca Senegambia, pakati pa 1300 na 1900, ciŵelengero ca ŵanthu pafupifupi ciŵelengero cimoza ca ŵanthu ŵatatu cikaŵa ŵazga.
Nyengo ya Ŵakoloni
Pakati pa vyaka vya m'ma 1400, Ŵapwitikizi ŵakiza ku Senegal, ndipo pamanyuma pake ŵamalonda ŵakufuma ku vyaru vinyake, kusazgapo ŵa ku France. Kwambira mu 15th century, maboma gha ku Europe nga ni Portugal, Netherlands, na Great Britain, ghakakolerana pa nkhani ya malonda.
Mu 1677, caru ca France cikamba kugura ŵazga pa cirwa ca Gorée, kufupi na Dakar, ico cikagwiranga nchito nga ni malo ghakulugulira ŵazga ku mafumu agho ghakatimbananga.
Ŵamishonale ŵa ku Europe ŵakiza na Cikristu ku Senegal na ku Casamance mu ma 1800. Mu ma 1850, ŵanthu ŵa ku France ŵakamba kuthandazgikira mu charu cha Senegal, pamanyuma pakuti ŵamazga wuzga na kwamba kusambizga ŵanthu kuti ŵaleke kugwiliskira ntchito vigeŵenga. Ŵanthu ŵa ku France ŵakamba kuwukira na kupoka maufumu ghose, kupaturako Siné na Saloum, pasi pa muwusi Louis Faidherbe.
Yoro Dyao wakaŵa mulara wa chigaŵa cha Foss-Galodjina ndipo wakimikika pa Wâlo (Ouâlo) na Louis Faidherbe, uko wakateŵeteranga nga ni mulongozgi kufuma mu 1861 mpaka 1914. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Senegal awo ŵakasuskanga ŵanyawo na kuchepeskako malonda ghawo gha ŵazga ŵakalongozgekanga na Lat-Dior, Damel wa ku Cayor, na Maad a Sinig wa ku Siné.
Mu 1915, ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 300 ŵa ku Senegal ŵakaŵa pasi pa mazaza gha Australia, pambere Ŵaustralia ŵandatore Damaseko. Ivyo vikachitikanga ku France na Britain vikapangiska kuti vinthu vileke kwenda makora.
Pa Novembala 25, 1958, Senegal yikazgoka charu chakujiyimira paŵekha mu French Community.
Kujilamulila
Mu Janyuwale 1959, Senegal na French Sudan vikasazgikana na kupanga Mali Federation, iyo yikaŵa yakujiyimira paŵekha pa 20 Juni 1960, cifukwa ca phangano la kusinthiska mazaza na France ilo likalembeka pa 4 Epulero 1960. Chifukwa cha masuzgo gha ndyali, wupu uwu ukabwanganduka pa 20 Ogasiti 1960 apo Senegal na French Sudan (ŵakazgoreka Republic of Mali) waliyose wakapharazga wanangwa wake.
Mu Ogasiti 1960, Léopold Sédar Senghor, mulembi, wandale, na munthu wa boma wakumanyikwa pa caru cose, wakasankhika kuŵa pulezidenti wakwamba wa Senegal. Senghor, uyo wakaŵa wakutemwa caru ca Africa, wakawoneseskanga kuti ŵanthu ŵa mu Africa ŵacitenge vinthu mwamahara.
Mchemani, Lilongwe
Mchemani ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu chigaŵa cha kumafumilo gha dazi gha boma la Lilongwe,mu chigaŵa cha Pakati,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Senegal
Kujilamulila
Pamanyuma pakuti Mali yaparanyika, pulezidenti Senghor na nduna yikuru Mamadou Dia ŵakalongozganga pamoza mu nyumba za malango. Mu Disembala 1962, mphindano zawo za ndyali zikapangiska kuti Prime Minister Dia wapange boma. Chiwukirano ichi chikathereskeka kwambura kuthiska ndopa ndipo Dia ŵakamukora na kumujalira mu jele. Boma la Senegal likapeleka dango liphya ilo likakhozga mazaza gha pulezidenti.
Wernberg
Wernberg ni msumba mu boma la Carinthia mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Chiseka, Lilongwe
Chiseka ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu Chigaŵa cha Pakati gha dazi gha boma la Lilongwe, mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Geographay
Chiseka wali mu ward ya Bunda, North Constituency.
Nkhani za maji
Mu 2007, ntchito ya IA Chiseka Water yikamba kovwira kupanga visimi ku Chiseka na malo ghanyake mu Boma la Lilongwe. Wupu wa Inter Aide, wa ku France, ndiwo ukapangiska ntchito ya IA Chiseka Water kuti wovwire ŵanthu ŵa ku Chiseka.
Masambiro
Sukulu ya Chiseka yili na ŵana ŵa sukulu 1,531, vipinda 6, na ŵasambizgi 14. Kweniso ni sukulu yiwemi comene mu boma ici, ndipo ŵana wose ŵa mu kilasi la nambara 7 ŵakufumapo 100% pa masambiro ghawo.
Senegal
Kujilamulila
Senghor wakalekeleranga yayi ŵanthu awo ŵakamususkanga kuluska umo ŵalongozgi ŵanandi ŵa mu Africa ŵakacitira mu ma 1960. Ndipouli, kwa nyengo yicoko waka, boma likakanizga ŵanthu kucita ndyali. Chipani cha Senghor, Senegalese Progressive Union (sono ni Socialist Party of Senegal), ndicho chikaŵa chipani pera icho chikazomerezgeka na dango kufuma mu 1965 m'paka mu 1975. Mu caka caumaliro, Senghor wakazomerezga kuti paŵe vipani viŵiri vyakususka ivyo vikamba kugwira nchito mu 1976 - chipani ca Marxist (African Independence Party) na chipani ca liberal (Senegal Democratic Party).
Mu ma 1960 na kuuyambiro kwa ma 1970, ŵasilikari ŵa ku Portugal ŵakalutilira kuswa mphaka za Senegal. Pakuzgora, Senegal wakapempha wupu wa United Nations Security Council mu 1963, 1965, 1969 (pakuzgora kuponyera mabomba ku Portugal), 1971 na 1972.
1980 mpaka pano
Mu 1980, Pulezidenti Senghor wakaleka ndyali. Chaka chakulondezgapo, mu 1981 wakapeleka mazaza kwa Abdou Diouf. Mamadou Dia, uyo wakaŵa nduna yikuru ya boma, wakathereskeka pa viphikiro vya mu 1983. Senghor wakasamira ku France, uko wakafwira na vilimika 95.
Pa Febuluwale 1, 1982, Senegal yikakolerana na Gambia na kupanga wupu wa Senegambia Confederation. Ndipouli, wupu uwu ukamara mu 1989. Nangauli pakaŵa maungano gha mtende, kweni gulu la ku mpoto ilo likukhumba kujipatura ku boma (Movement of Democratic Forces of Casamance panji MFDC) mu chigaŵa cha Casamance, likulimbana na ŵasilikari ŵa boma kwambira mu 1982. Kukwambilira kwa vyaka vya m'ma 2000, nkhaza zachepa ndipo Pulezidenti Macky Sall wakachezga na ŵakugaluka ku Rome mu Disembala 2012.
Milamba, Lilongwe
Milamba ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu chigaŵa cha kumafumilo gha dazi gha boma la Lilongwe,mu chigaŵa cha Pakati,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Mlowe, Rumphi
Malo
Mlowe wali mu ward ya Mlowe-Tcharo, East Constituency ,ref>
Ntchito zaumoyo
Mndandanda wa zipatala mu Mlowe umaphatikizapo:
Masambiro
Masukulu gha ku Mlowe ghakupambanapambana:
Wolfsberg, Carinthia
Wolfsberg, Carinthia ni msumba mu boma la Carinthia mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Mbabvu, Lilongwe
Mbabvu ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu chigaŵa cha kumafumilo gha dazi gha boma la Lilongwe,mu chigaŵa cha Pakati,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Senegal
1980 mpaka pano
Mu 1999, mulongozgi wa chipani chinyake, Abdoulaye Wade, wakathereska Diouf pa mavoti agho ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yose ŵakawona kuti ngawanangwa. Pa nyengo iyi, boma la Senegal likaŵa kuti laŵa na mazaza ghaŵiri, ndipo likaŵa lakwamba kufuma ku chipani chimoza kuluta ku chinyake. Pa Disembala 30, 2004, pulezidenti Wade wakapharazga kuti wazamusayinira phangano la mtende na gulu lakujipatura mu chigaŵa cha Casamance. Ndipouli, ivi vicali kunthazi. Mu 2005, pakaŵa ungano unyake wa awo ŵakadumbiskana nkhani iyi, kweni m'paka sono ŵandafikepo pa fundo.
Mu Malichi 2012, pulezidenti wa sono Abdoulaye Wade wakatondeka pa chisankho cha pulezidenti ndipo Macky Sall wakasankhika kuŵa pulezidenti muphya wa Senegal. Pulezidenti Macky Sall wakasankhikaso mu mavoti gha 2019. Mulimo wa pulezidenti ukakhira kufuma pa vilimika vinkhondi na viŵiri kuya pa vinkhondi na viŵiri.
Kuyambira pa 3 March 2021, Senegal yakhala ikugwedezeka ndi ziwonetsero zambiri poyankha kumangidwa kwa Ousmane Sonko chifukwa chogwidwa ndi nkhanza komanso kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa mliri wa COVID-19. Mu Juni 2023, ŵanthu ŵakamba kuchita nkhaza chomene, ndipo wupu wa Amnesty International ukati ŵanthu 23 ŵakafwa, ŵanandi mwa ŵanthu aŵa ŵakafwa chifukwa cha kuphulika na ŵapolisi panji awo ŵakakolerananga nawo.
Boma na ndale
Pulezidenti wakwamba, Léopold Sédar Senghor, wakaŵa mulembi na mulembi, ndipo wakaŵa munthu wakwamba wa ku Africa uyo wakasankhika kuŵa mu wupu wa French Academy. Pulezidenti waciŵiri wa Senegal, Abdou Diouf, pamanyuma wakaŵa mulembi mukuru wa Organisation de la Francophonie. Pulezidenti wacitatu wakaŵa Abdoulaye Wade, loya. Pulezidenti wa sono ni Macky Sall, uyo wakasankhika mu Malichi 2012 ndipo wakasankhikaso mu February 2019.
Sankt Paul im Lavanttal
Sankt Paul im Lavanttal ni msumba mu boma la Carinthia mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Senegal
Boma na ndale
Mu Senegal muli vyaru vyakujumpha 80. Nyumba ya mafumu njimoza ndipo yili na mipando 150. Ku Senegal nako kuli ŵeruzgi ŵakujiyimira paŵekha. Makhoti ghapacanya comene agho ghakuwona vya bizinesi ni khoti la malango na la urunji.
Political culture
Pasono, Senegal yili na ndyali za demokilase, yimoza mwa vyaru ivyo vyacita makora comene kusintha kwa demokilase mu Africa. Ŵalara ŵa boma ŵakwimikika na pulezidenti. Ŵa Marabout, ŵalongozgi ŵa visopa vya visopo vyakupambanapambana mu Senegal, nawo ŵali na mazaza pa ndyali mu caru ici, comenecomene mu nyengo ya muwuso wa Wade. Mu 2009, Freedom House yikasintha malo gha Senegal kufuma ku "Free" kuya ku "Partly Free", chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwa mazaza mu boma. Mu 2014, charu ichi chikaŵaso na wanangwa wakusopa.
Mu 2008, charu cha Senegal chikaŵa pa malo gha nambara 12 pa Ibrahim Index of African Governance. Ndondomeko ya Ibrahim Index yikulongora umo maboma gha mu Africa ghakwendeskera vinthu (paka mu 2008 ghakaŵa mu vyaru vya ku Sub-Saharan Africa pera). Apo vyaru vya kumpoto kwa Africa vikasazgikako mu 2009, malo agho Senegal yikaŵa nagho mu 2008 ghakawerako na kufika pa nambara 15 (Tunisia, Eguputo, na Morocco ghakaŵa panthazi pa Senegal). Mu 2012, pa vyaru 52 vya mu Africa, charu cha Senegal chikaŵa pa nambara 16 pa vyaru vyose vya mu Africa.
Pa February 22, 2011, Senegal yikadumura ubwezi na Iran, yikati yikapeleka vilwero ku ŵakugaluka ivyo vikakoma ŵasilikari ŵa Senegal mu nkhondo ya ku Casamance.
Chisankho cha pulezidenti cha 2012 chikaŵa chakususka chifukwa cha kusoleka kwa pulezidenti Wade, pakuti ŵakususka ŵakayowoya kuti wangaŵa wakwenelera yayi kwimilira. Mu Juni 2011, magulu gha ŵawukirano ghakupambanapambana, kusazgapo M23 na Y'en a Marre, ghakawuka. Paumaliro, Macky Sall wa Alliance for the Republic ndiyo wakathereska, ndipo Wade wakapeleka mazaza kwa Sall. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku vyaru vinyake, nga ni ŵa EU, ŵakalumba kusintha uku.
Pa Seputembala 19, 2012, ŵanthu ŵakazomerezga kuti wupu wa Senate uleke kugwira ntchito kuti usunge ndalama zakukwana madola 15 miliyoni.
Mu Ogasiti 2017, chipani icho chili na mazaza pa charu chose chikatonda pa chisankho cha pa nyumba ya malango. Wupu wakulongozga wa Pulezidenti Macky Sall watora vithuzithuzi 125 pa vithuzithuzi 165. Mu 2019 purezidenti Macky Sall wakathereskeka mwambura kusuzgika mu chigaŵa chakwamba.
Kugawikana kwa boma
Charu cha Senegal chili na vigaŵa 14, ndipo chigaŵa chilichose chikuwusika na Conseil Régional (Wupu wa vigaŵa) uwo ukusankhika mwakuyana na unandi wa ŵanthu. Chigaŵa ichi chili na vigaŵa 45, vigaŵa 113, ndipo palije na chimoza icho chili na ntchito ya boma.
Mataka, Lilongwe
Mataka ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu chigaŵa cha kumafumilo gha dazi gha boma la Lilongwe,mu chigaŵa cha Pakati,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Marymount,Mzuzu
Marymount ni malo agho ghakusangika mu msumba wa Mzuzu, boma la Mzimba,chigaŵa cha ku mpoto kwa charu cha Malaŵi.
Senegal
Ubale na vyaru vinyake
Charu cha Senegal chili na maudindo ghakuru mu mawupu gha vyaru vinandi ndipo chikaŵa mu wupu wa UN Security Council mu 1988-89 na 2015-2016. Mu 1997, wakasankhika kuŵa mu Komiti ya UN ya Wanangwa wa Ŵanthu. Cifukwa cakuti Senegal njabwezi la vyaru vya kumanjiliro gha dazi, comenecomene France na United States, yikukhumba comene kuti vyaru vyakutukuka viwovwire vyaru vya caru cacitatu.
Charu cha Senegal chili paubwezi uwemi na vyaru vinyake. Nangauli vinthu vyendamo makora pa nkhani zinyake na Mauritania (kuvikilira mphaka, kunozga vyakurya, kunjizga ndyali mu vyaru vinyake), kweni ŵanthu pafupifupi 35,000 ŵa ku Mauritania (pa ŵanthu pafupifupi 40,000 awo ŵakachimbizgika mu charu chawo mu 1989) ŵachali mu Senegal.
Charu cha Senegal chili paubwezi uwemi na mawupu ghakurughakuru gha pa caru cose, kusazgapo wupu wa Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), African Union (AU), na wupu wa Sahel-Saharan States.
Ŵankhondo
Gulu la nkhondo la Senegal lili na ŵasilikari pafupifupi 17,000. Ŵasilikari ŵa ku Senegal ŵakusambizgika, kupika vilwero, na wovwiri kufuma ku France na United States, kweniso ku Germany.
Mu 2015, Senegal yikawovwirapo pa nkhondo ya Saudi Arabia ku Yemen kwimikana na ma Houthi.
Malango
Charu cha Senegal ni charu cha ŵanthu yayi, nga umo Dango likulongosolera.
Pakukhumba kumazga vimbundi, boma likapanga ofesi yakuwona vya vimbundi (OFNAC) na komiti yakuwona vya kuwezgerapo na kuwezgerapo vinthu ivyo vyazunulika mwambura kuzomerezgeka. Kuyana na Business Anti-Corruption Portal, Pulezidenti Sall wakalenga OFNAC kuti yisinthe Commission Nationale de Lutte Contre la non Transparence, la Corruption et la Concussion (CNLCC). Ŵanyake ŵakuti OFNAC ni nthowa yiwemi comene yakumazgira vimbundi kuluska CNLCC iyo yikaŵako mu nyengo ya pulezidenti wakale Wade. Ntchito ya OFNAC nkhulimbana na vimbundi, kunanga ndalama za boma na upusikizgi. Ofnac wali na mazaza ghakupeleka mulandu (kuchita kafukufuku payekha). Wupu wa OFNAC uli na ŵanthu 12 awo ŵakwimikika na dango.
Kugonana kwa ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha nkhwakukanizgika mu Senegal. Kuyana na kafukufuku uyo wakachitika mu 2013, ŵanthu 96 pa 100 ŵaliwose ku Senegal ŵakugomezga kuti kugonana kwa ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi pera nkhwakuzomerezgeka yayi. Anthu a gulu la LGBTQ ku Senegal akuti akumva kuti alibe chitetezo.
Makhalilo gha charu
Charu cha Senegal chili kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Africa. Charu ichi chili pakati pa latitude 12° na 17°N, kweniso longitude 11° na 18°W.
Charu cha Senegal chili na nyanja ya Atlantic kumanjiliro gha dazi, Mauritania kumpoto, Mali kumafumiro gha dazi, na Guinea na Guinea-Bissau kumwera.
Charu cha Senegal chili na vyakumera vya mchenga vya kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Sahel. Pano paliso malo ghapachanya chomene mu Senegal, Baunez ridge agho ghali pa mtunda wa makilomita 2.7 kumwera kwa Nepen Diakha pa mamita 648. Malire gha kumpoto ni Mlonga wa Senegal. Msumba ukuru wa Dakar uli ku Cap-Vert peninsula, kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Africa.
Sankt Andrä
Sankt Andrä ni msumba mu boma la Carinthia mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Senegal
Makhalilo gha charu
Virwa vya Cape Verde vili pa mtunda wa makilomita 560 kufuma ku Senegal, kweni Cape-Vert ("Cape Green") ni malo agho ghakumanyikwa na nyanja. Malo agha ghali musi mwa "Les Mammelles", ndipo ni mtunda wa mamita 105.
Ku Senegal kuli vigaŵa vinayi: Nkhorongo ya ku Guinea, Sahelian Acacia, Western Sudan, na mangrove. Charu ichi chili na chiŵelengero cha 7.11/10, ndipo chili pa malo 56 pa vyaru 172.
Nyengo
Charu cha Senegal chili na mphepo zakotcha chomene, ndipo chaka chose chikuŵa na chithukivu. Mu nyengo ya chilangalanga (Disembala m'paka Epulero) kukufuma mphepo yakuzizima. Ku Dakar kukulokwa maji pafupifupi 600 mm pa chaka, kufuma mu Juni m'paka Okutobala, ndipo pa nyengo iyi kutentha kwa msumba ukuŵa pa 30 °C (86.0 °F) m'paka pa 24.2 °C (75.6 °F)..
Mu vigaŵa vya mukati mu charu muli mphepo zinandi kuluska mu vigaŵa vya mumphepete mwa nyanja (Mwachiyelezgero, mu chigaŵa cha Kaolack na Tambacounda mu mwezi wa Meyi, zuŵa lililose mu charu muli mphepo zinandi chomene.
Ku Tambacounda, uko kuli chigaŵa chakutali chomene, chomenechomene pa mphaka ya Mali uko chipalamba chikwamba, matenthedwe ghakufika pa 54 °C. Chigaŵa chakumpoto chomene cha charu ichi chili na mphepo yakotcha chomene, ndipo chigaŵa chapakati chili na mphepo yakotcha chomene. Charu cha Senegal chili na dazi kweniso maji ngakomira.
Malonda na ma kamupani
Pakuŵa ciŵaro ca wupu wa West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), Senegal yikuyezgayezga kuti yikolerane na vyaru vinyake. Kweniso charu cha Senegal chili mu wupu wa African Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law.
Mu 1996, charu cha Senegal chikaŵa na Intaneti, ndipo ivi vikapangiska kuti vinthu vyendenge makora chomene pa nkhani ya umanyi. Pa caru ici, nchito ya ŵantu ŵekha ndiyo yikupangiska 82 peresenti ya GDP. Kweni suzgo linyake ndakuti, mu misumba ya ku Senegal muli masuzgo ghakuru nga ni unandi wa ŵanthu ŵambura nchito, kusankhana kwa vinthu pa umoyo wa ŵanthu, ucigeŵenga wa ŵawukirano, na kumwa minkhwala yakuzweteska wongo.
Charu cha Senegal ndicho chikupokera wovwiri ukuru wa vyaru vinyake. Ŵanyake mwa awo ŵakupeleka ndalama ni United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Japan, France, na China. Ŵateŵeti ŵakujipeleka ŵakujumpha 4,000 ŵa Peace Corps ŵateŵetera mu Senegal kwambira mu 1963.
Kukola somba
Senegal yili na malo gha somba gha mamayilo 12 (22 km; 14 mi) agho ghakuswa nyengo zose mu vyaka vyasonosono apa (kwambira mu 2014). Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakuti somba za mu charu ichi zikukoma matani 300,000 pa chaka chifukwa cha ulovi wambura kuzomerezgeka. Boma la Senegal likayezga kukanizga somba zambura kuzomerezgeka izo zikuriskika na ngaraŵa zakukolera somba. Mu Janyuwale 2014, boma la Senegal likakora boti la Oleg Naydenov kufupi na mphaka ya ku Guinea-Bissau.
Ŵanakazi
Charu cha Senegal chikatumizga chikalata ku wupu wakuwona vya wanangwa wa ŵanakazi. Kweniso charu cha Senegal chili kusayina chikalata cha African Charter of Human and Peoples' Rights, icho chikaŵa pa ungano wa African Union mu 2003. Ndipouli, ŵanakazi ŵakususka boma cifukwa ca kuleka kufiska ndondomeko, malango na malemba ghanyake agho ghalembeka kuti ghawovwire kuvikilira wanangwa wa ŵanakazi.
Mtundu wa ŵanthu
Mu Senegal muli ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yakupambanapambana, ndipo nga umo viliri mu vyaru vinandi vya kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Africa, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuyowoya viyowoyero vinandi. Wolof ndiwo mtundu ukuru chomene mu Senegal, ndipo uli na ŵanthu 36%. Ŵafula na Toucouleur (ŵakumanyikwaso na zina lakuti Halpulaar'en, kung'anamura kuti "ŵakuyowoya chiyowoyero cha ku pulara") (30%) ndiwo ni mtundu ukuru chomene. (Wonaniso cigaŵa ca Bedick.)
Ku Senegal kuli ŵanthu pafupifupi 50,000 ŵa ku Europe (ŵanandi ŵakaŵa ŵa ku France). Ŵanthu ŵachoko waka awo ŵakukhala mu Senegal, nga mba ku Lebanoni, Mauritania, na Morocco, ŵakukhala mu misumba na mu matawuni ghakuzingilizga Mbour. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Lebanon ŵakugwira nchito mu malonda. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Lebanon ŵakufuma ku tawuni ya Turo, iyo yikumanyikwa kuti "Little West Africa" ndipo yili na msewu ukuru wakuchemeka "Avenue du Senegal".
Charu ichi chikaŵa na ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakufuma ku France awo ŵakafuma mu vyaru vinyake pakati pa Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Charu Chose na Senegal. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku France ŵakagura nyumba mu msumba wa Dakar panji mu misumba yinyake yikuruyikuru. Kweniso mu matawuni mukukhala ŵanthu ŵachoko waka ŵa ku Vietnam, kweniso ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku China awo ŵakuguliska malonda. Kweniso ku Senegal kuli ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakufuma ku Mauritania awo ŵakuchimbilira ku vyaru vinyake.
Lipoti linyake la wupu wa U.S. Komiti ya Ŵakuchimbira na Ŵakufuma mu Vyaru Vinyake, Senegal yili na ŵanthu ŵakuchimbira kwawo na awo ŵakupenja malo ghakubisamamo ŵakujumpha 23,800 mu 2007. Ŵanthu ŵanandi (20,200) ŵakufuma ku Mauritania. Ŵanthu awo ŵachimbira kwawo ŵakukhala ku N'dioum, Dodel, na ku mizi yinyake mu dambo la Mlonga wa Senegal.
Viyowoyelo
Cifurenci ni ciyowoyero ca boma, ico cikuyowoyeka na ŵanthu wose awo ŵakhala vyaka vinandi mu masukulu, ndipo ciyowoyero ici ndico cikusambizgika. Ŵanthu awo ŵakuyowoya Cifurenci ŵazamuŵa 26 peresenti mu 2022. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1500, vyaru vinandi vya ku Europe vikamba kuchita malonda mu Senegal. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1800, caru ca France cikamba kulamulira comene Senegal, ndipo ici cikapangiska kuti ciŵelengero ca ŵanthu awo ŵakayowoyanga Cifurenci cikure comene. Cifurenci cikaŵa ciyowoyero cakuzomerezgeka mu 1960 apo caru ici cikapokera wanangwa.
Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakayowoyanga ciyowoyero cawo, kweni comenecomene ku Dakar, ciyowoyero ca Wolof ndicho cikayowoyeka comene. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Fula na Toucouleur ndiwo ŵakuyowoya Chipula. Chiyowoyero cha Serer chikuyowoyeka na ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yose (nga ni Pulezidenti Sall, uyo muwoli wake ni Serer). Ŵanthu ŵanandi mu Casamance ŵakuyowoya viyowoyero vya Jola. Pa caru cose ca Senegal pali viyowoyero 39. Viyowoyero vinyake ni Balanta-Ganja, Arabic, Jola-Fonyi, Mandinka, Mandjak, Mankanya, Noon (Serer-Noon), Pulaar, Serer, Soninke, na Wolof.
Mkazomba, Lilongwe
Mkazomba ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu chigaŵa cha kumafumilo gha dazi gha boma la Lilongwe,mu chigaŵa cha Pakati,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Senegal
Viyowoyelo
Cingelezi cikusambizgika nga ni ciyowoyero cinyake mu masukulu gha ku sekondare ndiposo mu masukulu ghanandi gha ku sekondare. Ku Dakar kuli masukulu gha viyowoyero viŵiri agho 50% ya masambiro ghake ghakuŵa mu Cingelezi. Sukulu ya Senegalese American Bilingual School (SABS), Yavuz Selim, na The West African College of the Atlantic (WACA) zikusambizga ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakuyowoya Chingelezi makora mu mapulogiramu gha vyaka vinayi. Cingelezi cikugwiliskirika nchito comene mu vyasayansi na mu vyamalonda, kusazgapo ŵa Modou-Modou.
Chiphwitikizi cha Creole, icho ŵanthu ŵakuchichema kuti Chiphwitikizi, ni chiyowoyero cha ŵanthu ŵachoko chomene mu chigaŵa cha Ziguinchor, mu chigaŵa cha Casamance. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Cape Verde ŵakuyowoya Chiphwitikizi chakuchemeka Creole. Chiphwitikizi chikamba kusambizgika mu sukulu za sekondare mu 1961 ku Dakar na pulezidenti wakwamba wa charu ichi, Léopold Sédar Senghor. Pasono sukulu iyi yikuchitika mu vigaŵa vinandi vya Senegal kweniso mu masukulu ghapachanya. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuyowoya chiyowoyero ichi mu Casamance chifukwa cha umo ŵanthu ŵakukhalira.
Nangauli ciyowoyero ca ku Senegal ni Cifurenci pera, kweni ciyowoyero ca ku Senegal ico cikucemeka kuti Wolof, cikovwira kuti ciyowoyeke makora mu caru.
Misumba ikulu
Msumba ukuru wa Dakar ndiwo ni msumba ukuru comene mu Senegal, uli na ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 2 miliyoni. The second most populous city is Touba, a de jure communaute rurale (rural community), with over half a million people.
Chisopo
Charu cha Senegal chili na visopa vinandi, kweni chisopa chikuru mu charu ichi ni Chisilamu, ndipo ŵanthu 96.6% ndiwo ŵakugomezga chisopa ichi. Ŵanthu ŵacoko comene pa caru cose ndiwo ŵakugomezga kuti kuli vyamoyo, comenecomene mu vigaŵa vya kumwera kwa caru ici. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵa mtundu wa Serer ŵakulondezga chisopa cha Serer.
Kuyana na kafukufuku uyo wakachitika mu 2012, ŵanthu 55% ŵa ku Senegal mba Sunni ŵa chisopa cha Maliki. Ŵanthu ŵa chisopa cha Chisilamu ku Senegal ŵakukolerana na gulu limoza ilo likuchemeka kuti tariqas, ilo likulongozgeka na khalifa (xaliifa mu Chiwofu, kufuma ku chiarabu cha khalīfa), uyo kanandi ni muzukuru wa uyo wakajintha gulu ili. Ma Tariqa gha Sufi ghaŵiri ghakurughakuru na ghakumanyikwa chomene mu Senegal ni Tijaniyya, agho magulu ghakurughakuru gha mu Senegal ghali mu matawuni gha Tivaouane na Kaolack ndipo ghali na ŵalondezgi ŵanandi mu vyaru vya kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Africa, na Murīdiyya (Murid), awo ŵali mu tawuni ya Touba ndipo ŵali na ŵalondezgi ŵanandi mu Senegal. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Halpulaar (awo ŵakuyowoya chiyowoyero cha Pulaar), awo ni Ŵafula, awo ŵakukhala mu chigaŵa cha Sahel kufuma ku Chad m'paka ku Senegal, kweniso ŵa mtundu wa Toucouleurs, ŵalipo 23.8 peresenti. Mbunenesko kuti ndiwo ŵakaŵa ŵakwamba kuŵa Ŵasilamu. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Toucouleurs, panji Halpulaar awo ŵakakhalanga ku Senegal River Valley kumpoto, ŵakang'anamukira ku Chisilamu vyaka pafupifupi 1,000 ivyo vyajumpha. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Wolof ŵakatonda, kweni Ŵaseri ŵakaŵatinkha.
Ndipouli, ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakakhalanga kumwera kwa Dambo la Senegal ŵakaŵa kuti ŵandazgoke Ŵasilamu. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Serer ndiwo ŵakamanyikwa chomene chifukwa ŵakasuska chisopa cha Chisilamu kwa vyaka vyakujumpha 1,000. Nangauli ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Serer Mbakhristu panji Ŵasilamu, kweni ŵakang'anamukira ku Chisilamu sonosono ndipo ŵakachita mwakujipeleka yayi.
Kusambizgika kwa visambizgo vya mu Baibolo (ivyo mu Chiwofu vikuchemeka daara) mu nyengo ya ukoloni kukakura chomene chifukwa cha mulimo wa Tidjâniyya. Mu vikaya vya Ŵamuridi, awo ŵakuŵika comene mahara pa mulimo kuluska pa mabuku gha mu Baibolo, lizgu lakuti daara kanandi likung'anamura magulu agho ghakuteŵetera mulongozgi wa cisopa. Magulu ghanyake gha Chisilamu ni gulu lakale chomene la Qādiriyya na la Laayeen la ku Senegal, ilo ndakumanyikwa chomene pakati pa ŵanthu ŵa ku Lebu. Mazuŵa ghano, ŵana ŵanandi ŵa ku Senegal ŵakusambira pa daaras kwa vyaka vinandi, ndipo ŵakumanya makora Koran. Ŵanyake ŵakulutilira kusambira vya cisopa pa macouncil (majlis) panji ku masukulu gha Cirabu ghaŵene na ku masukulu gha Cifurenci na Cirabu agho ghali na ndalama za boma.
Chisopa cha Serer chikusazgapo kugomezga kuti kuli chiuta mukuru uyo wakuchemeka Roog (Koox pakati pa Cangin), kusanda vinthu vya mu mlengalenga kwa Serer, kusanda vinthu vya mu mlengalenga, na viphikiro vya kuwukwa nga ni chiphikiro cha chaka chilichose cha Xooy (panji Khoy) icho chikuchitiskika na Serer Saltigues (ŵasembe na ŵasembe ŵanakazi). Vikondwelero vya Ŵasilamu vya ku Senegambia (Senegal na Gambia) nga ni Tobaski, Gamo, Koriteh, Weri Kor, na vinyake, vyose ni mazgu ghakufuma ku cisopa ca Serer. Yikaŵa viphikiro vyakale vya ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Serer ivyo vikafuma mu chisopa cha Serer, mu Chisilamu yayi.
Chiphikiro cha Boukout nchimoza mwa viphikiro vya cisopa ca Jola.
Ŵanthu ŵachoko waka ŵa fuko la Bani Israel awo ŵakukhala mu chipalamba cha Senegal ŵakugomezga kuti ŵali kufuma ku mtundu wa Chiyuda. Gulu la Mahayana la cisopa ca Cibuda mu Senegal likuciskika na cigaŵa cicoko comene ca ŵanthu ŵa ku Vietnam awo ŵali ku caru ici. Cikhristu ca Bahá'í mu Senegal cikamba pamanyuma pakuti 'Abdu'l-Bahá, mwana wa uyo wakambiska cisopa ici, wakayowoya kuti ku Africa ndiko ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakwenera kuluta. Ŵabaha'i ŵakwamba kufika mu cigaŵa ca French West Africa ico cikazgoka Senegal ŵakafika mu 1953. Ungano wauzimu wakwamba wa Bahá'í mu Senegal ukasankhika mu 1966 mu Dakar. Mu 1975, ŵa Baha'i ŵakasora wupu wakwamba wa ku Senegal. Kuyana na lipoti la 2005 la wupu wakuwona vya chisopa (Association of Religion Data Archives), ŵanthu ŵa ku Senegal ŵalipo 22,000.
Umoyo
Mu 2016, vyaka ivyo ŵanthu ŵakakhaliranga kuti ŵakhalenge para ŵababa vikaŵa 66,8 (64,7 kwa ŵanalume, 68,7 kwa ŵanakazi). Ndalama izo boma likagwiliskira nchito pa vya umoyo zikaŵa 2.4 peresenti ya GDP mu 2004, apo ndalama izo boma likagwiliskira nchito pa vya umoyo zikaŵa 3.5 peresenti. Ndalama izo munthu waliyose wakugwiliskira nchito pa umoyo wake zikaŵa $72 (PPP) mu 2004. Kufumira mu 2005 m'paka mu 2013, chiŵelengero cha ŵana awo ŵakubaba chikaŵa pakati pa 5 na 5.3, ndipo mu misumba chikaŵa 4.1 ndipo ku mizi 6.3, nga umo ukawoneranga kafukufuku wa boma (6.4 mu 1986 na 5.7 mu 1997). Kuuyambiro wa vyaka vya m'ma 2000 kukaŵa ŵadokotala 6 pa ŵanthu 100,000. Mu 1950, ŵana 157 pa ŵanthu 1,000 awo ŵakababika ŵamoyo ndiwo ŵakafwanga ku Senegal. Kweni kufuma nyengo iyo, chiŵerengero ichi chakhalako kankhondi pa ŵanthu 1,000 mu 2018. Mu vyaka vinkhondi ivyo vyajumpha, ŵana ŵanandi ŵakufwa na maleriya. Lipoti la wupu wa UNICEF la mu 2013 likati, pa ŵanakazi wose mu Senegal, 26 pa ŵanakazi 100 ŵaliwose ŵali kupokera nthumbo.
Mu Malichi 2020, nthenda ya COVID-19 yikamba mu Senegal, ndipo yikapangiska kuti mu charu ichi muŵeko nyengo yakufikira panyumba.
Mu Julayi 2021, ku Senegal kukaŵa na ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakalwara nthenda iyi.
Mitundu, Lilongwe
Mitundu ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu chigaŵa cha kumafumilo gha dazi gha boma la Lilongwe,mu chigaŵa cha Pakati,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Lupaso, Mzuzu
Lupaso ni malo agho ghakusangika kumpoto kwa boma la Mzimba, chigaŵa cha kumpoto kwa charu cha Malaŵi.
Senegal
Umoyo
Mu Juni 2021, wupu wakuwona vya umoyo wa ŵanthu wose ku Senegal ukambiska sunucmu.com (SunuCMU), webusayiti iyo wupu uwu ukugomezga kuti yingawovwira kuti umoyo wa ŵanthu uŵe uwemi. Webusayiti iyi njimoza mwa vinthu ivyo Mubali Mohammad Abdallah Dionne, uyo ni nduna ya boma, wakukhumba kuti viŵe vya digito. Iyo wakukhumba kuti wovwiri wa munkhwala mu Senegal uŵe wakovwira kweniso wakukhazikika. Senegal yikukhumba kuti mu vyaka viŵiri kufuma apo yikambira ntchito ya SunuCMU, ŵanthu 75 pa 100 ŵafike pa sukulu iyi.
Joel,Mzuzu
Joel ni malo agho ghakusangika mu msumba wa Mzuzu, boma la Mzimba,chigaŵa cha ku mpoto kwa charu cha Malaŵi.
Senegal
Masambilo
Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakumanya yayi kuŵazga, comenecomene ŵanakazi. Mu 2005, chiŵelengero cha ŵana awo ŵakalembeskanga sukulu iyi chikaŵa 69 peresenti. Ndalama izo boma likagwiliskira nchito pa masambiro zikaŵa 5.4 peresenti ya GDP ya 2002-2005. Charu cha Senegal chili pa malo 105 pa Global Innovation Index mu 2021, kufuma pa malo 96 mu 2019.
Mwambo
Charu cha Senegal nchakumanyikwa cifukwa ca maluso gha ŵanthu ŵa ku vyaru vya kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Africa ghakuyowoya nkhani. Ntchito ya kuzenga njoka iyi yikwenda kufuma ku muwiro na muwiro ndipo yikukhumba kuti munthu wasambire vinandi pa nkhani ya mbumba, mbiri, na sumu. Ŵagriot ŵakovwira ŵanthu ŵa ku West Africa.
Chipilala cha African Renaissance Monument, icho ŵakazenga mu 2010 ku Dakar, ndicho ntchakutowa chomene mu Africa. Ku Dakar nako kuli chiphikiro cha mafilimu chakuchemeka Recidak.
Ŵanthu ŵa ku Senegal ŵakukondwelera chiphikiro cha Eid al-Fitr. Nangauli mu tawuni ya Dakar muli Ŵasilamu ŵanandi, kweni ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakukondweleraso Khisimasi iyo Ŵakhristu ŵakuchita.
Cuisine
Pakuti Senegal yili pafupi na Nyanja ya Atlantic, somba njakuzirwa comene. Nkhuku, mwana wa mberere, phere, mazira, na nyama ya ng'ombe vikugwiliskirika nchito mu vyakurya vya ku Senegal, kweni nkhumba yayi, cifukwa ŵanthu ŵanandi mu caru ici mba Cisilamu. Mu vyakurya vinandi vya ku Senegal, mukusangika vyakumera vyakuchemeka peanuts, couscous, mpunga utuŵa, mbatata, mankhwaŵa, viŵiya vyamawoko ghafipa, na vyakurya vinyake. Kanandi nyama na mphangwe ŵakuviphika panji kuviphika mu vyakumera na vyakununkhira, ndipo ŵakuviŵika pa mpunga panji couscous.
Music
Senegal yikumanyikwa mu Africa yose chifukwa cha sumu zake, chifukwa cha kutchuka kwa mbalax, iyo yikamba kufuma ku Serer percussive tradition chomene chomene Njuup. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakutemwa kwimba viŵeya. Kanandi ŵakugwiliskira nchito sabala pa viphikiro vyapadera nga ni maukwati. Vyakwimbira vinyake ni tama, ndipo vikugwiliskirika nchito mu mitundu yinandi. Ŵakwimba ŵanyake ŵa ku Senegal awo ŵakumanyikwa pa caru cose ni Ismael Lô, Cheikh Lô, Orchestra Baobab, Baaba Maal, Akon Thione Seck, Viviane, Fallou Dieng Titi, Seckou Keita na Pape Diouf.
Hospitality
Mu cikaya ca ku Senegal, kupokelera ŵalendo nkhwakuzirwa comene mwakuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuwona kuti nkhwakuzirwa comene. Lizgu la Chiwolophu ilo likung'anamura kupokelera ŵalendo ni "teranga" ndipo likukolerana chomene na kujikuzga kwa Senegal mwakuti timu ya charu ichi yikuchemeka kuti nkhalamu za ku Teranga.
Maseŵera
Ŵanthu ŵa ku Senegal ŵakuchita maseŵero ghanandi. Maseŵero ghakucemeka kuti wrestling na football ngakutchuka comene mu caru ici. Boma la Senegal ndilo lizamuchitiska maseŵero gha Olimpiki gha ŵawukirano mu chaka cha 2026 ku Dakar.
Ku Senegal, maseŵero ghakucemeka wrestling ngakumanyikwa comene ndipo ŵanthu ŵakutemwa comene maseŵero agha. Kanandi maseŵero agha ghakovwira ŵawukirano ŵanandi kuti ŵaleke ukavu.
Mpira wa pasi ni maseŵero agho ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakutemwa ku Senegal. Mu 2022, timu ya chalo ichi yikathereska chalo cha Egypt pakutola chiphalizgano cha Africa Cup of Nations kwa nyengo yakwamba. Ŵakaŵa ŵamoza mwa ŵasilikari ŵankhondi pera ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakafika ku vigaŵa vyaumaliro vya FIFA World Cup. Charu cha Senegal chikapokera mpikisano wa 2018 FIFA World Cup ku Russia, na 2022 FIFA World Cup ku Qatar. Kwamba kale, charu cha Senegal ndicho chili na ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene mu Africa. Gulu la ŵanalume likachita makora chomene kuluska charu chilichose cha ku Africa pa 2014 FIBA World Cup, apo ŵakafika ku play-off kakwamba. Gulu la ŵanakazi likapokera mendulo 19 pa maseŵero 20 gha ku Africa. Apo chalo ichi chikapokeleranga chiphalizgano cha FIFA Women's AfroBasket cha 2019, ŵanthu 15,000 ŵakiza ku Dakar Arena. Senegal yikaŵa yimoza mwa vyaru ivyo vikaŵa pakwamba kuchita maseŵero gha basketball.
Charu ichi ndicho chikachitiskanga chiphalizgano cha Paris-Dakar kufuma mu 1979 m'paka mu 2007. Rally ya Dakar yikaŵa mpikisano wa njinga ya moto uwo ukafumanga ku Paris, France, kuya ku Dakar, Senegal. Awo ŵakacitanga maseŵero agha ŵakendanga mu magalimoto ghakupambanapambana. Mpikisano uwu ukachitika mu 2007, kweni mu 2008, mpikisano uwu ukafumiskika zuŵa limoza pamanyuma pakuti boma la Mauritania lalekeska. Kweniso ku Senegal kukachitika chiphalizgano cha Ocean X-Prix cha Extreme E.
Katoto, Mzuzu
Katoto ni malo agho ghakusangika mu msumba wa Mzuzu, boma la Mzimba,chigaŵa cha ku mpoto kwa charu cha Malaŵi.
Absdorf
Absdorf ni msumba mu boma la Lower Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Nyika, Rumphi
Nyika ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Rumphi, chigaŵa cha ku mpoto kwa charu cha Malaŵi.
Nkhomboli, Rumphi
Nkhomboli ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Rumphi, chigaŵa cha ku mpoto kwa charu cha Malaŵi.
Mkoma, Lilongwe
Mkoma ni zina la sukulu yakwamba kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu chigaŵa cha kumafumilo gha dazi gha boma la Lilongwe,mu chigaŵa cha Pakati,mu charu cha Malaŵi.