cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Pichl bei Wels
Pichl bei Wels ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Piberbach
Piberbach ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Chimbamira, Neno
Chimbamira ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Neno,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Chirimbondo, Neno
Chirimbondo ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Neno,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
São Torcato
São Torcato ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu icho chili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo charu ichi chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Pinsdorf
Pinsdorf ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Silvares
Silvares ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu icho chili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo charu ichi chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Ainet
Ainet ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Tyrol mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Yenimurat, Karataş
Yenimurat, Karataş ni msumba mu boma la Karataş mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Adana mu charu cha Turkey mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Kurbin
Kurbin ni msumba mu charu cha Albania mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Çakırören, Karataş
Çakırören, Karataş ni msumba mu boma la Karataş mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Adana mu charu cha Turkey mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Warren County, Missouri
Warren County, Missouri ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Missouri mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Missouri lina tumisumba 115 mukwati mwake (counties).
Matawuni gha ku France agho muli ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 20,000
Chigaŵa ichi chili na ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 20,000. Kufika mu Janyuwale 2019, kukaŵa matauni 473 gha ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 20,000, makuni 280 gha ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 30,000, makhumi 129 gha ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 50,000 na makuni 42 gha ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 100,000. Viŵelengero vyose vikuyowoya za ŵanthu awo ŵakukhala mu tawuni (mu Cifurenci: population municipale), kung'anamura ŵanthu awo ŵakukhala mu tawuni iyi, kwambura kupenda ŵanthu awo ŵali mu tawuni iyi. Ŵanthu awo ŵakukhala mu tawuni iyi kanandi ŵakukwana maulendo ghanandi kuluska awo ŵakukhala mu tawuni yinyake. Kweniso pali viŵelengero vya mu 2006 na 2013. Malo gha mu vyaru vya ku vyaru vinyake ghali kulembeka mu tabuleti yakupambanapambana pasi apa.
Overseas territories
For the overseas territories the legal populations sources are:
Nkhokwe yakusungilako ndalama ya Zambia
Banki ya Zambia (BoZ), ni banki yikuru ya Zambia.
Mwpatali
Ntchito yikuru ya banki iyi nkhulongozga ndyali izo zikovwira kuti vinthu viŵe makora mu caru. Banki iyi yikovwira comene pakovwira ŵanthu kuti ŵaŵe na ndalama zinandi ndipo njumoza wa ŵanthu ŵakumanyikwa mu wupu wa Alliance for Financial Inclusion. Kweniso ni yimoza mwa maboma 17 agho ghakapangana kuti ghachitengepo kanthu pa nkhani ya ndalama pa nyengo ya ungano wa Global Policy Forum uwo ukachitikira ku Riviera Maya, Mexico mu 2011.
Kulamulira
Kufuma waka apo yikambira, Banki ya Zambia yasintha vinthu vinandi. Nyengo yikati yajumphapo, gulu ili likamba kwendera chomene milimo yikuru ya banki. Kweniso, Banki iyi yalekeska ŵanthu awo ŵakugwira ntchito mu vigaŵa ivyo ŵanthu ŵakuwaro ŵangaŵawovwira. Vigaŵa ivyo pasono ŵakupeleka ku ŵantchito ŵakuwaro ni: kuvikilira kuwaro, ma kantini, na malo ghakusungirako vinthu. Chifukwa cha ndondomeko iyi, banki iyi yili na ŵantchito ŵakujumpha 1,400 ndipo sono ŵalipo ŵakujumpha 850. Kweni apo milimo yinandi ya nga ni iyi yikuleka kugwira nchito, yinyake iyo njakuzirwa comene yikuwoneka mu caru ciphya. Vigaŵa ivi vikupambana comene na vinyake.
Banki ya Zambia yili na madipatimenti khumi na ghanayi: Banking, Currency and Payment Systems, Bank Supervision, Board Services, Economics, Finance, Financial Markets, Human Resources, Information and Communication Technology, Internal Audit, Legal Services, Non-Bank Financial Institution Supervision, Procurement and Maintenance Services, Strategy and Risk Management, and the Security Division.
Wupu Wakulongozga
Bungwe la Bank of Zambia lili na kazembe, uyo ni mulaŵiliri, na ŵalaŵiliri ŵanyake ŵankhondi na yumoza awo ŵakusoleka na nduna ya vya ndalama na kunozga vyaru. Ŵalara ŵa banki ŵakwimikika kufuma mu ŵanthu awo ŵali na maluso gha bizinesi panji gha vya ndalama ndipo mbauteŵeti panji ŵantchito ŵa banki yayi. Ŵalaraŵalara wose ŵa wupu uwu mbalaraŵalara ŵa wupu uwu. Secretary of the Treasury wakuŵa mu wupu uwu kwambura mazaza gha kuvota. Mulara wa vyachuma nayo wakuŵapo yayi. Wachiŵiri wa pulezidenti wakusankhika na komiti kufuma pakati pa mamembala. Ŵalara ŵa wupu uwu ŵakwimikika kwa vyaka vitatu ndipo ŵangakhazikiskaso kwa vyaka vinyake vitatu. Wupu uwu ndiwo uli na mazaza ghose gha banki. Wakapanga ndondomeko ya Bank of Zambia.
Mbili
Banki ya Zambia yikamba mu 1938 apo ku Southern Rhodesia Currency Board kukaŵavya boma. Wupu uwu ukaŵa na vigaŵa nga ni Northern Rhodesia, iyo sono ni Zambia, na Nyasaland, iyo sono ni Malawi.
Mu 1954, Southern Rhodesia Currency Board yikasinthika zina kuŵa Currency Board of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, ndipo mu 1956 yikasinthika kuŵa Bank of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.
Yüzbaşı, Karataş
Yüzbaşı, Karataş ni msumba mu boma la Karataş mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Adana mu charu cha Turkey mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Nkhokwe yakusungilako ndalama ya Zambia
Mbili
Mu 1964, Banki ya Zambia yikapangika kufuma ku Banki ya Northern Rhodesia, iyo yikapangika chaka cimoza kumasinda mu 1963 kufuma ku Lusaka munthavi wa Banki ya Rhodesia na Nyasaland.
Bank iyi yikati yapangika, ndipo yikati yapokera dango la Bank of Zambia Act mu 1965, yikakura ndipo yikenda makora mu vyaka vinandi. Kuyana na webusayiti yake, banki iyi yikagura masheya mu Development Bank of Zambia na Zambia National Commercial Bank ndipo yikaghanaghananga kuti yinganjira mu vyakurya.
Mu 1991, gulu la Movement for Multi-party Democracy (MMD) likamba kuwusa mu Zambia, ndipo likatora malo gha United National Independence Party (UNIP) ilo likawusa kwa vyaka 27. Boma liphya ili likakhumbanga kuti vinthu viŵe pa malo ghake, ndipo likakhumbanga kuti vinthu viŵe pa malo ghake. Banki iyi yikathereska chiwululu mu 2022.
Mu chaka cha 2023, Banki ya Zambia (BoZ), mwakukolerana na Commission of Competition and Consumer Protection of Zambia (CCPC) yaŵikapo nthowa ya Protok's Artificial Intelligence Customer Experience (AICX) yakovwilira kuvikilira ndalama.
Ŵalara ŵa boma
Kazembe ni mulongozgi wa Banki ya Zambia.
Mu Ogasiti 2022, Kazembe wakuteŵetera nyengo ya vyaka vinkhondi na cimoza, iyo yingasinthikaso nyengo yinyake ya vyaka vinkhondi na cimoza, pamanyuma pakuti wasankhika na purezidenti wa Zambia na kukhomelezgeka na National Assembly ya Zambia pamanyuma pa malango ghaphya. Dango liphya ili likovwiraso kuti Banki Yikuru yiŵe yakujiyimira pawekha mwa kupeleka ukaboni wakuti wakulamulira na ŵimiliri ŵake ŵalutilirenge kuteŵetera. Para ŵafika pa mulandu uwu, ŵakweruzgika na khoti la ŵanthu ŵatatu.
Kusunga Golide
BoZ yikugura golide mu malo agha kufuma ku Kansanshi Copper Mine na Zambia Gold Company chifukwa cha katundu wake.
Washington County, Missouri
Washington County, Missouri ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Missouri mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Missouri lina tumisumba 115 mukwati mwake (counties).
Chingwa
/ Bredi, pela.
Meßkirch
Meßkirch ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Embu County, Kenya
Embu ni boma ilo likusangika mu chigaŵa cha kale cha Eastern mu charu cha Kenya.Ukulu wa malo ni 2,555.9 km2 .Unandi wa ŵanthu mu chaka cha 2019 ukaŵa 608,599.Msumba ukulu ni Embu.
Viyuni
Viyuni (Aves)
Malaŵi
Viyuni navyo m’Malaŵi ni vinandi. Viyuni ivyo vikusangika chomene ni viyuni ngeti ivi: phululu, kabelu-belu, njiba, chaholi, chababi, nkhanga, nkhwali...
Çavuşlu, Karataş
Çavuşlu, Karataş ni msumba mu boma la Karataş mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Adana mu charu cha Turkey mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Reps
Reps ni msumba mu charu cha Albania mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Ŵakaboni ŵa Yehova
Ŵakaboni ŵa Yehova
Wayne County, Missouri
Wayne County, Missouri ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Missouri mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Missouri lina tumisumba 115 mukwati mwake (counties).
Mapiri gha Viphya
Mapiri gha Viphya, agho ghakumanyikwaso nga kuti Viphya Plateau panji Viphiya Highlands, ni mapiri ghakulondezgana agho ghali ku chigaŵa cha kumpoto kwa Malawi.
Lizgu lakuti viphya likung'anamura "Vinthu Vyasono" mu Chitumbuka.
Pitzenberg
Pitzenberg ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Çakşırlı, Karataş
Çakşırlı, Karataş ni msumba mu boma la Karataş mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Adana mu charu cha Turkey mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Meßstetten
Meßstetten ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Wright County, Missouri
Wright County, Missouri ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Missouri mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Missouri lina tumisumba 115 mukwati mwake (counties).
Rrëshen
Rrëshen ni msumba mu charu cha Albania mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Sintra
Sintra ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu icho chili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo charu ichi chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Mettmann
Mettmann ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Alpbach
Alpbach ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Tyrol mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Pollham
Pollham ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Metzingen
Metzingen ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Shëngjin
Shëngjin ni msumba mu charu cha Albania mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Çimeli, Karataş
Çimeli, Karataş ni msumba mu boma la Karataş mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Adana mu charu cha Turkey mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Yesu Khristu
Yesu Khristu
Apo Yesu wakaŵa wandababike, Baibolo likayowoyerathu kuti kwizenge munthu wakutumika na Ciuta kuzakaŵa Mesiya, panji Khristu. Zina lakuti “Mesiya” (ilo ndakufuma ku lizgu la Cihebere) na Khristu (ilo ndakufuma ku lizgu la Cigiriki) ghose ghakung’anamura “Wakuphakazgika.” Mesiya wakenera nadi kuphakazgika na mzimu wa Ciuta; ico cikung’anamura kwimikika na Ciuta kuti wacite nchito yakuzirwa. Mu vipaturo vyakunthazi mu buku lino, tisambirenge vinandi vyakukhwaskana na udindo wa Mesiya wakufiska vinthu ivyo Ciuta wakalayizga.
Chiwambe, Neno
Chiwambe ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Neno,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Istanbul
Istanbul, mzinda kwa Turkey. Muli banthu pafupi-fupi 14,657,434 (2015).
Worth County, Missouri
Worth County, Missouri ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Missouri mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Missouri lina tumisumba 115 mukwati mwake (counties).
Amlach
Amlach ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Tyrol mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Meuselwitz
Meuselwitz ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Islands, Hong Kong
Islands ni limoza mwa maboma 18 ghamu charu cha Hong Kong.Boma ili lili mu chigaŵa cha New Territories  (Malo ghaphya), icho ntchigaŵa cha Hong Kong kufuma mu chaka cha 1898.
Dzundu,Neno
Dzundu ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Neno,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Meyenburg (Prignitz)
Meyenburg (Prignitz) ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Ntochi
Ntochi, vipaso.
Polling im Innkreis
Polling im Innkreis ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Fushë-Arrëz
Fushë-Arrëz ni msumba mu charu cha Albania mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Ng’ombe
Ng’ombe (Bos taurus) ni nyama zikuruzikuru, zakukhazikika, zakudumura, zakurya vyakumera. Ni viŵeto vya mazuŵa ghano vya mu mbumba ya Bovinae, ndipo ni vyamoyo ivyo vikusangika chomene mu fuko la Bos. Ŵanakazi ŵakukhwima ŵakucemeka ng'ombe ndipo ŵanalume ŵakukhwima ŵakucemeka ng'ombe zanalume.
Ng'ombe zikuliskika kuti ziŵe na nyama, mkaka, na vikumba. Vinyama ivi vikugwiliskirika nchito pakuŵa viŵeto vyakukwelera na vyakukwerapo (ng'ombe panji ng'ombe, izo zikuguza magileta, viŵeto na vinthu vinyake). Vinthu vinyake ivyo ng'ombe zikuguliska ni vyoto ivyo vikugwiliskirika nchito kupanga manyowa panji mafuta. Mu vigaŵa vinyake, nga ni ku India, ng'ombe zili na ng'anamuro likuru pa nkhani ya cisopa. Ng'ombe, comenecomene za mitundu yicoko nga ni Zebu, nazo zikuŵikika kuŵa viŵeto.
Viŵeto vyakupambanapambana vikusangika mu vigaŵa vyakupambanapambana. Ng'ombe izi zikusangika comene mu vyaru vya ku Europe, Asia, America, na Australia. Ng'ombe za zebus (izo zikuchemekaso kuti ng'ombe za indicine) zikuzunulika chomene mu India na mu vyaru vyakutentha vya ku Asia, America, na Australia. Ng'ombe za Sanga zikusangika comene mu vyaru vya ku Africa. Mitundu iyi (iyo nyengo zinyake yikuchemeka kuti mitundu panji vigaŵa) yili kugaŵika mu mitundu yakujumpha 1,000.
Pafupifupi vyaka 10,500 ivyo vyajumpha, ng'ombe za ng'ombe za ng'ombe zikaŵa za viŵeto vya viŵeto 80 mu chigaŵa chapakati cha Anatolia, Levant, na Western Iran. Mu chigaŵa cha India, pakaŵaso chigaŵa chinyake icho chikaŵa na chiŵeto chakuchemeka zebu. Kuyana na wupu wakuwona vya vyakurya na ulimi (FAO), pa charu pali ng'ombe pafupifupi 1.5 biliyoni. Ng'ombe ndizo zikupangiska kuti viŵeto vipelekenge magesi ghakukoma. Mu 2009, ng'ombe yikaŵa yimoza mwa viŵeto vyakwamba kuŵa na mapu gha viŵeto.
Kulemba
Pakwamba ng'ombe zikamanyikwanga kuti ni mitundu yitatu: 'Bos taurus', ng'ombe za ku Europe panji 'taurine' (mwa mitundu yakuyana waka ya ku Africa na Asia); 'Bos indicus', 'zebu Indicine' na 'Bos primigenius' izo zili kufwa. Viyuni ivi vikulongozgana na ng'ombe za zebus na za taurine. Nyengo yikati yajumphapo, ŵakaŵasintha kuŵa mtundu umoza, "Bos taurus", ndipo vikoko vya aurochs, zebu, na taurine vikaŵa vigaŵa viŵiri. Kweni ŵanthu ŵakususkana na fundo iyi ndipo ŵanyake ŵakutemwa kuti vyamoyo viŵe vyakupambana.
Cinthu cinyake ico cikupangiska kuti vinthu viŵe vyakusuzga nkhumanya umo ng'ombe zingaŵira na mitundu yinyake ya viŵeto. Vinyama vyakupambanapambana na mitundu yinyake vikuŵako, pakati pa ng'ombe za ng'ombe na za zebus (nga ni ng'ombe za sanga ('Bos taurus africanus' x 'Bos indicus'), kweniso pakati pa yumoza panji wose ŵaŵiri aŵa na ŵanji ŵa mu mtundu wa 'Bos' – yaks (dzo panji yattle ), banteng, na gaur. Viŵeto vyakupambanapambana nga ni viŵeto vya ng'ombe vingaŵako pakati pa ng'ombe za ng'ombe na vyamoyo vinyake vya ng'ombe, ndipo ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakuviwona kuti ni viŵeto vya mtundu wa 'Bos'. Mtundu unyake wa ng'ombe za mtundu uwu ukuwoneka makora yayi. Mwachiyelezgero, para munthu wakayezga viŵeto vya mtundu wa Dwarf Lulu, ng'ombe za mtundu wa taurine mu Nepal, wakumanya kuti ni ng'ombe za mtundu wa taurine, zebu, na yak. Ndipouli, ng'ombe zingaŵa yayi na viŵeto vyakuyana waka nga ni mbaŵala za mu maji panji za mu Africa.
Pakwamba vikoko ivi vikaŵa mu vyaru vinandi nga ni Europe, North Africa, na Asia. Mu nyengo yakale, ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu charu ichi ŵakaŵa ŵa ku Europe pera, ndipo munthu waumaliro uyo ŵakamumanyanga wakafwira ku Poland mu 1627. Ŵakufuŵa ŵayezga kupanga viŵeto vyakuyana na viŵeto vya aurochs mwa kudumura viŵeto vyakupambanapambana.
Mitundu ya ng'ombe za ku Africa pera izo zilipo ni N'Dama, Ng'ombe za ku Kuri na mitundu yinyake ya Shorthorn ya ku West Africa.
Viyowoyero
Mazgu ghakuti "ng'ombe" ghakafuma ku ng'ombe yayi. Lizgu ili lili kufuma ku chiyowoyero cha Anglo-Norman catel, kufuma ku Chilatini capitale "ndalama yikuru, capital", iyo nayo yikufuma ku Latin caput "mutu". 'Nyama' pakwamba yikang'anamuranga katundu wakunyamura, comenecomene viŵeto vya mtundu uliwose, mwakupambana na katundu wanadi (charu, ico cikasazgapo vinyama vyamuthengere panji viŵeto vichoko ivyo vikwenda mwakufwatuka nga ni nkhuku). Lizgu ili likung'anamurika kuti 'Personal property (chattel)'(chipani cha katundu wa munthu) ndipo likukolerana na 'chattel' mu fundo ya cuma. Lizgu ili lili kunjira mu malo mwa lizgu lakale feoh "viŵeto, katundu", ivyo vichalipo lero nga ni "msonkho".
Mu Mabaibolo ghakale gha Cingelezi nga ni Baibolo la King James Version, mazgu ghakuti 'ng'ombe' ghakung'anamura viŵeto. "Ng'ombe zakutchire" zingaŵa ng'ombe zakutchire panji za mtundu wa "Bos" wambura kuzgoŵereka. Mazuŵa ghano, para lizgu lakuti "ng'ombe" likuyowoyeka kwambura lizgu linyake, likung'anamura ng'ombe zakulengeska.
Mazgu
Kanandi mazgu ghakuyana waka ghakugwiliskirika nchito mu vigaŵa vyakupambanapambana, kweni pali mphambano yichoko waka. Mazgu agho ghalembeka apa ghakupambana na agho ghalembeka mu United Kingdom na mu vyaru vinyake nga Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, na United States.
Vinthu vya thupi
Ng'ombe ni viyuni vikuru vyakukhwaŵa ivyo vili na viŵegha. Mitundu yinandi yili na masengwe ghakurughakuru, agho ghangaŵa ghakuru nga ni masengwe ghakurughakuru gha ku Texas panji ghachoko nga ni masengwe gha ku Texas. Kusankha viŵeto mwakupwelelera kwapangiska kuti viŵeto vyambura masengwe viŵe vinandi.
Vyakurya
Ng'ombe ni viŵeto vyakukhalapo, kung'anamura kuti viŵeto vyawo vili na nkhongono ya kurya vyakumera ivyo vikusuzga kumera. Ng'ombe zili na nthumbo yimoza ya vigaŵa vinayi, nthumbo ya nthumbo, nthumbo ya nthumbo, na nthumbo ya nthumbo. Chiŵaro chichoko chomene cha mu thupi la munthu ndicho chikuchemeka "mphundwe". Ntchito yikuru ya chiŵiya ichi nkhunyamura maji na vyakurya ivyo vili mu vyakurya. Chigaŵa ichi chikuchemeka "vigaŵa vinandi". Chiŵaro ichi chikuyana waka na nthumbo ya munthu, lekani chikuchemeka nthumbo yanadi.
Ng'ombe zikumanyikwa kuti zikugwiliskira nchito vyakurya vyawo, nga ni viyuni vinandi. Apo nyama yikurya, yikumira kwambura kumyangura ndipo yikunjira mu nthumbo kuti yisungike m'paka yikasange malo ghawemi ghakuti yilutilire kumera. Chakurya chikufumira mu mulomo, ndipo chikuwelera mu mulomo, uko chakurya icho sono chikuchemeka kuti chiŵiya, chikuŵaŵa na viŵaro vya mu mulomo. Para vyakurya ivi vyamara, vikumera mu nthumbo. Majeremusi agha ndigho ghakupangiska kuti cellulose na ma carbohydrate ghanyake ghaŵe mafuta agho ng'ombe zikugwiliskira nchito nga ni mafuta. Majeremusi agho ghali mu rumen ghakupangaso amino acids kufuma ku vyakurya vyambura mapuloteni nga ni urea na ammonia. Para majeremusi agha ghakubaba mu nthumbo, ŵana ŵakufwa ndipo maselo ghakulutilira kukura. Maselo agha ghakumalira mu matumbo, ndipo ng'ombe zikuŵa na mapulotini ghanandi. Vinthu ivi vikovwira kuti ng'ombe zikondwenge na vyakumera vinyake vyakukhora.
Utali wa nthumbo
Ng'ombe yikuŵa na nthumbo myezi pafupifupi 9. Utali wa twana twa ng'ombe uto twababika sonosono ukusintha kuyana na mtundu wa ng'ombe, kweni twana twa ng'ombe uto twababika sonosono tukuŵa tuchoko chomene 25 to 45 kg. Utali na uzito wa munthu wakukhwima vikupambana chomene kuyana na mtundu na kugonana. Kanandi ng'ombe zikukomeka pambere zindafike ku viŵeto vinyake 750 kg. Viŵeto ivi vingaŵa na umoyo utali ndipo nyengo zinyake vingakhala vyaka 25. Ng'ombe yakale comene iyo yikalembeka, yikafwa mu 1993 apo yikaŵa na vyaka 48.
Mbiri ya Madagascar
Mbiri ya Madagascar yikupambana chomene chifukwa cha kulekeka kwa chirwa ichi na chirwa-chilala chamuchiyamwaka cha Pangaea, icho kupatula pa kuŵa na virwa vyanji chikaŵa pamoza na Chirwa cha Africa na Chirwarwa cha India, ndiposo chifukwa cha sumbikizgika na ŵanthu mwakuchedwa kufuma ku virwa vya Sunda(Kipelego ka Malay), Africa na India. Vifukwa viŵiri ivi vikapangiska kuti kusinthika na kupona kwakuyana-na-kuko-pela, ndipo vinyakhe mwa ivi vili kufwilathu panjiso pa chiofyi chakufwililathu. Malonda mu nyanja ya India pa nyengo iyo Madagascar yika sumbikizgikanga pakudanga yikadangizgika na ngalaŵa za ku Indonesia nga nthe ngalaŵa ya Borobudur na K'un-lun po
İnnaplıhüyüğü, Karataş
İnnaplıhüyüğü, Karataş ni msumba mu boma la Karataş mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Adana mu charu cha Turkey mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Ng’ombe
Kulemera kwake
Ng'ombe zikuruzikuru zikupambana kulemera kuyana na mtundu wake. Viyuni vinyake vikuruvikuru nga ni Dexter na Jersey, vikupambana 600 and 1000 lb. Mitundu yikuru-yikuru ya viŵeto ya ku Continental, nga ni Charolais, Marchigiana, Belgian Blue na Chianina 1400 to 2500 lb. Mitundu ya ku Britain nga ni Hereford, Angus, na Shorthorn, yikukura pa msinkhu wa pakati pa chaka na mwezi 1000 to 2000 lb, nyengo zinyake kukwera, comenecomene ku Angus na Hereford. Ng'ombe za fuko limoza zikuŵa zikuru kuluska za fuko linyake. Ng'ombe za ku Britain zakuchemeka Hereford zikupima 600-800 kg; ng'ombe zikupima 1,000-1,200 kg. Ng'ombe za Chianina zingaŵa na uzito wa mpaka 3300 lb; Ng'ombe za ku Britain, nga ni Angus na Hereford, zingapima uzito wa viŵeto vichoko waka 2000 lb ndipo vinandi nga 3000 lb.
Cinthu cinyake ico cikapangiska kuti ng'ombe yinonono comene pa caru cose yiŵeko ni 1740 kg, Chianina zina lake Donetto, apo wakawonekanga pa chiwonetsero cha Arezzo mu 1955. Ng'ombe yikuru comene yikaŵa ya vilimika vinkhondi na viŵiri, yakucemeka 'Old Ben,' iyo yikaŵa ya mtundu wa Shortthorn/Hereford Kulemera kwake 2140 kg mu 1910.
Ku United States, unandi wa ng'ombe nyama za Mu ma 1980, malo ghaphya ghakupakira viŵeto ghakawovwira kuti viŵeto vikure comene. Pambere chaka cha 1790 chindafike, ng'ombe za nyama zikaŵanga na viŵeto vinandi 350 lb Kweni pamasinda vinthu vikamba kwenda makora.
Kwai Tsing, Hong Kong
Kwai Tsing ni limoza mwa maboma 18 ghamu charu cha Hong Kong.Boma ili lili mu chigaŵa cha New Territories  (Malo ghaphya), icho ntchigaŵa cha Hong Kong kufuma mu chaka cha 1898.
Robin Hartshorne
Robin Cope Hartshorne (/ˈhɑːrts.hɔːrn/ HARTS-horn; wakubabika pa Malichi 15, 1938) ni nkhwantha wa samuzi mwina America uyo wakumanyikwa chifukwa cha ntchito yake mu algebraic geometry.
Webster County, Missouri
Webster County, Missouri ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Missouri mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Missouri lina tumisumba 115 mukwati mwake (counties).
Kasenjere, Neno
Kasenjere ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Neno,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Kaponda, Neno
Kaponda ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Neno,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Lezhë County
Lezhë County ni msumba mu charu cha Albania mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Pöndorf
Pöndorf ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Scotland County, Missouri
Scotland County, Missouri ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Missouri mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Missouri lina tumisumba 115 mukwati mwake (counties).
Çukurkamış, Karataş
Çukurkamış, Karataş ni msumba mu boma la Karataş mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Adana mu charu cha Turkey mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Michelstadt
Michelstadt ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Kholombidzo, Neno
Kholombidzo ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Neno,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Ufumu wa Netherlands
Ufumu wakupoka wa Netherlands (chiDutch: Nederlandse koloniale rijk) ukaŵa na malo gha ku malo ghanyake na malonda agho ghakaŵa pasi pa mazaza gha makampani gha Dutch Chartered Company na Dutch East India Company, ndipo pamanyuma pa Republic of the (1581 - 1795), na Ufumu wakuzizima wa Holland pamasinda pa 1815.
Pakwamba, chikaŵa chipata cha malonda icho chikapangiska kuti vinthu viŵe makora chifukwa cha malonda gha malonda na kuwoneseska kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Netherlands ŵakwendera nthowa za pa nyanja pa charu chose. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Netherlands ndiwo ŵakayamba kuzenga maufumu ku Europe, pamanyuma pa Spain na Portugal..
Pötting
Pötting ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Mülheim an der Ruhr
Mülheim an der Ruhr ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Miesbach
Miesbach ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Bosnia na Herzegovina
Bosnia na Herzegovina (bs: Bosna i Hercegovina), ni chalo icho chili kwa Europe. Pali anthu pafupifupi 3 531 159 m'dzikoli (2013).
Soalheira
Soalheira ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu icho chili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo charu ichi chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
North, Hong Kong
North ni limoza mwa maboma 18 ghamu charu cha Hong Kong.Boma ili lili mu chigaŵa cha New Territories  (Malo ghaphya), icho ntchigaŵa cha Hong Kong kufuma mu chaka cha 1898.
Kırhasan, Karataş
Kırhasan, Karataş ni msumba mu boma la Karataş mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Adana mu charu cha Turkey mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Banja Luka
Banja Luka, mzinda kwa Bosnia na Herzegovina. Muli banthu pafupi-fupi 199,191 (2013).
Koplik
Koplik ni msumba mu charu cha Albania mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Sarajevo
Sarajevo, ndiwo msumba wukulu wa boma mu Bosnia na Herzegovina. Muli banthu pafupi-fupi 386.523 (2013).
Sobral de Monte Agraço
Sobral de Monte Agraço ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu icho chili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo charu ichi chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Pukë
Pukë ni msumba mu charu cha Albania mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
İsahacılı, Karataş
İsahacılı, Karataş ni msumba mu boma la Karataş mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Adana mu charu cha Turkey mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Pram, Austria
Pram, Austria ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Mülheim-Kärlich
Mülheim-Kärlich ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Luwani, Neno
Luwani ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Neno,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Lisungwi, Neno
Lisungwi ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Neno,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Scott County, Missouri
Scott County, Missouri ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Missouri mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Missouri lina tumisumba 115 mukwati mwake (counties).
Makala, Neno
Makala ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Neno,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Ligowe, Neno
Ligowe ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Neno,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Kızıltahta, Karataş
Kızıltahta, Karataş ni msumba mu boma la Karataş mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Adana mu charu cha Turkey mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Tai Po, Hong Kong
Tai Po ni limoza mwa maboma 18 ghamu charu cha Hong Kong.Boma ili lili mu chigaŵa cha New Territories  (Malo ghaphya), icho ntchigaŵa cha Hong Kong kufuma mu chaka cha 1898.
Münchberg
Münchberg ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Angath
Angath ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Tyrol mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Rubik, Albania
Rubik, Albania ni msumba mu charu cha Albania mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Shannon County, Missouri
Shannon County, Missouri ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Missouri mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Missouri lina tumisumba 115 mukwati mwake (counties).
Sai Kung, Hong Kong
Sai Kung ni limoza mwa maboma 18 ghamu charu cha Hong Kong.Boma ili lili mu chigaŵa cha New Territories  (Malo ghaphya), icho ntchigaŵa cha Hong Kong kufuma mu chaka cha 1898.
Müllrose
Müllrose ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Prambachkirchen
Prambachkirchen ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Meletmez, Karataş
Meletmez, Karataş ni msumba mu boma la Karataş mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Adana mu charu cha Turkey mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Tsuen Wan, Hong Kong
Tsuen Wan ni limoza mwa maboma 18 ghamu charu cha Hong Kong.Boma ili lili mu chigaŵa cha New Territories  (Malo ghaphya), icho ntchigaŵa cha Hong Kong kufuma mu chaka cha 1898.
Pramet
Pramet ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Mangadzi, Neno
Mangadzi ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Neno,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Angerberg
Angerberg ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Tyrol mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Sha Tin, Hong Kong
Sha Tin ni limoza mwa maboma 18 ghamu charu cha Hong Kong.Boma ili lili mu chigaŵa cha New Territories  (Malo ghaphya), icho ntchigaŵa cha Hong Kong kufuma mu chaka cha 1898.
Oymaklı, Karataş
Oymaklı, Karataş ni msumba mu boma la Karataş mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Adana mu charu cha Turkey mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Stoddard County, Missouri
Stoddard County, Missouri ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Missouri mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Missouri lina tumisumba 115 mukwati mwake (counties).
Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
Tuen Mun ni limoza mwa maboma 18 ghamu charu cha Hong Kong.Boma ili lili mu chigaŵa cha New Territories  (Malo ghaphya), icho ntchigaŵa cha Hong Kong kufuma mu chaka cha 1898.
Sobrado (Castelo de Paiva)
Sobrado (Castelo de Paiva) ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu icho chili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo charu ichi chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Chiuli, Neno
Chiuli ni malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la Neno,Chigaŵa cha Kummwela,mu charu cha Malaŵi.
Msika
Chiuli wakaŵa na suzgo la maji. Maji ghakaŵa pa mtunda wa makilomita ghaŵiri. Ŵanthu ŵakulindilira maora ghanayi kuti ŵatore maji. Kweni mu 2020, Kirsh Foundation yikapanga maji ghakufuma ku nkhongono ya dazi.
Boma
Pa chisankho cha 2018, mu matauni gha Chikonde, Kaponda, Chiuli, Ligowe na Chikonde 2 pa malo gha kulembeska uko kukaŵa kwakusuzga kulembeska. Vikatora maminiti ghaŵiri pera kuti ŵanthu ŵavoterenge mu matawuni agha.
Shelby County, Missouri
Shelby County, Missouri ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Missouri mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Missouri lina tumisumba 115 mukwati mwake (counties).
Tanzania
Tanzania ntchalo icho chili kumpoto cha kumafumilo ya zuba ya chalo cha Malaŵi. Chalo ichi kumpoto kwake kuli chalo cha Kenya, kumafumilo ya zuba yakhe kuli nyanja ya mchele ya Indian Ocean ndipo ku mwela kwake kuli chalo cha Moçambique. Chalo ichi chili na vinyama vinandi.
Kale
Charu cha Tanzania nchimoza mwa vyaru vyakale comene pa caru capasi. Viwangwa vya ŵanthu na vyamoyo vinyake vya ŵanthu vikaŵako mu nyengo ya Quaternary. Olduvai Gorge, mu Ngorongoro Conservation Area, UNESCO World Heritage Site, yili na vinthu ivyo vikulongora umo ŵanthu ŵakagwiliskiranga ntchito vinthu ivi.
Ŵanthu ŵa ku East Africa ŵakughanaghana kuti mbanthu ŵa ku ŵaHadza na ŵaSandawe ŵa ku Tanzania.
Ŵanthu awo ŵakayowoyanga viyowoyero vya ku South Kushitic ndiwo ŵakamba kusama kufuma ku Ethiopia na Somalia kuya ku Tanzania. Ŵanthu aŵa mbakufuma ku chiyowoyero cha Iraqi, Gorowa, na Burunge. Kuyana na maukaboni gha chiyowoyero, ŵanthu ŵa ku East Cushitic ŵakaluta ku Tanzania vyaka 4,000 na 2,000 ivyo vyajumpha.
Ŵanthu aŵa ŵakafuma ku vyaru vya kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Africa ndipo ŵakakhalanga mu vigaŵa vya Nyanja ya Victoria na Nyanja ya Tanganyika. Ŵakiza na mitheto ya vyakumera mu vyaru vya kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Africa. Kufuma apo, ŵakafumamo mu vigaŵa ivi na kuluta ku vigaŵa vinyake vya Tanzania pakati pa vyaka 2,300 na 1,700 ivyo vyajumpha.
Ŵanthu ŵa ku East Nilotic, kusazgapo ŵanthu ŵa ku Masai, ndiwo ŵakasama kufuma ku South Sudan mu vyaka 500 m'paka 1,500 ivyo vyajumpha.
Ŵanthu ŵa ku Tanzania ŵakugwira nchito ya kupanga visulo na visulo. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Pare ndiwo ŵakapanganga visulo vya ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga ku mapiri gha kumpoto kwa Tanzania. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Haya awo ŵakakhalanga ku vigaŵa vya kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Nyanja ya Victoria ŵakapanga ng'anjo ya moto, iyo yikaŵawovwira kuti ŵapangenge visulo vya karboni pa nyengo iyo kukaŵa kotcha chomene.
Ŵalendo na ŵamalonda ŵakufuma ku Persian Gulf na India ŵakalutanga ku East Africa kwamba mu vyaka vya m'ma 1000 C.E. Chisimu aŵala ŵaŵaliji pa chilambo cha Swahili, ŵaŵaliji pa chilambocho ikaŵeje m'ma 700 kapena 800 AD.
Vyaka vyapakati
Mu chaka cha 1954, Julius Nyerere wakasintha gulu ili kuŵa gulu la ndyali la Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Cakulinga cikuru ca TANU cikaŵa cakuti Tanganyika yiŵe na wanangwa wa kuwusa. Ŵakapanga kampeni yakulembeska ŵanthu ŵaphya, ndipo mu caka cimoza, TANU yikazgoka gulu likuru la ndyali mu caru ici. Nyerere wakaŵa nduna ya boma la Tanganyika mu 1960 ndipo wakalutilira kuŵa nduna yikuru mu 1961 apo Tanganyika yikajiyimira yekha.
Koloni
Pakukhumba malo agha, Sultan wa Oman Said bin Sultan wakasamuskira msumba wake ku Zanzibar City mu 1840. Mu nyengo iyi, Zanzibar yikazgoka malo ghakusangirako ŵazga ŵa ku East Africa. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Zanzibar awo ŵakaŵa ŵazga ŵakaŵa pakati pa 65 na 90 peresenti. Yumoza wa ŵanthu awo ŵakaguliskanga ŵazga ku East Africa wakaŵa Tippu Tip, uyo wakaŵa muzukuru wa munthu wa ku Africa uyo wakaŵa muzga. Ŵanthu ŵa Nyamwezi ŵakendanga na ŵazga awo ŵakalongozgekanga na Msiri na Mirambo. Kuyana na Timothy Insoll, "Vikulongora kuti mu vyaka vya m'ma 1800, ŵazga 718 000 ŵakatolekera ku vyaru vinyake kufuma ku Swahili, ndipo 769,000 ŵakasungika ku vyaru vinyake". Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1890, ŵazga ŵakalekeka.
Mu 1863, gulu la Holy Spirit Mission likakhazikiska malo ghakwambilira gha kupokelera ŵalendo mu Zanzibar. Mu 1877, pakulondezga ivyo Henry Morton Stanley wakacita apo wakaluta ku Africa, ndipo Themba Mutessa I la Buganda likamuzomerezga Stanley, mpingo wa Church Missionary Society ukatuma ŵamishonale Edward John Baxter na Henry Cole kuti ŵakhazikiske maofesi gha mu caru. Mu 1885, Germany yikathereska vigaŵa ivyo sono ni Tanzania (kwambura Zanzibar) na kuviŵika mu German East Africa (GEA). Pa 7 Meyi 1919, khoti likuru la Paris Peace Conference likapeleka GEA yose ku Britain, nangauli Belgium yikaŵasuska. Secretary of State for the Colonies, Alfred Milner, and Belgium's minister to the conference, Pierre Orts, then negotiated the Anglo-Belgian agreement of 30 May 1919 Mulembi wa boma wa Britain wakuwona vya maboma, Alfred Milner, na nduna ya Belgium yakuwona vya maboma, Pierre Orts, ŵakadumbiskana za phangano la Anglo-Belgian la 30 May 1919 Apo Britain yikapeleka vigaŵa vya kumpoto-kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa GEA vya Ruanda na Urundi ku Belgium. Komiti Yakulaŵilira Malango ya ungano uwu yikazomerezga phangano ili pa Julayi 16, 1919. Pa Ogasiti 7, 1919, Khoti Likuru Chomene likazomera phangano ili. Pa Julayi 12, 1919, Komiti ya Mandates yikakolerana kuti chigaŵa chichoko cha Kionga Triangle kumwera kwa Mlonga wa Rovuma chipelekekenge ku Mozambique. Komiti iyi yikati mu 1894, caru ca Germany cikacicizga caru ca Portugal kuti cipeleke malo agha. Phangano la Versailles likalembeka pa 28 Juni 1919, kweni likamba kugwira ntchito pa 10 Janyuwale 1920. Pa zuŵa ili, boma la Britain, Belgium, na Portugal ndilo likamba kulamulira charu ichi. Kweniso pa zuŵa ili, "Tanganyika" likazgoka zina la caru ca Britain. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1920, ŵanthu ŵa ku Britain ŵakamba kulamulira charu cha Tanzania.
Chigaluka cha Maji-Maji, pakati pa 1905 na 1907, chikaŵa chigaluka cha mafuko ghanandi gha ku Africa mu German East Africa kwimikana na maboma gha maboma gha vyaru vinyake. Ŵakaŵasuzga comene, ndipo pamoza na njara, ŵanthu 300,000 ŵakafwa.
Mu Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya pa Charu Chose, ŵanthu pafupifupi 100,000 ŵakufuma ku Tanganyika ŵakanjira usilikari. Ndipo ŵakaŵa pakati pa Ŵafrika 375,000 awo ŵakarwa nkhondo na ŵasilikari aŵa. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Tanganyika ŵakarwa mu gulu la King's African Rifles mu nyengo ya Nkhondo ya ku East Africa ku Somalia na Ethiopia ku Abyssinia, ku Madagascar ku Vichy French mu nyengo ya Nkhondo ya ku Madagascar, na ku Burma ku Japan mu nyengo ya Nkhondo ya ku Burma. Charu cha Tanganyika chikaŵa na vyakurya vinandi chomene mu nyengo ya nkhondo iyi, ndipo ndalama izo ŵakaguliskanga zikaŵa zinandi chomene pakuyaniska na izo ŵakaguliskanga pambere nkhondo yindambe. Ndipouli, cifukwa ca nkhondo, vinthu vikamba kwenda makora comene mu cigaŵa ici.
Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere wakasintha wupu uwu kuŵa gulu la ndyali la Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Cakulinga cikuru ca TANU cikaŵa cakuti Tanganyika yiŵe na mazaza. Ŵakapanga kampeni yakulembeska ŵanthu ŵaphya, ndipo mu caka cimoza, TANU yikazgoka gulu likuru la ndyali mu caru ici. Nyerere wakaŵa nduna ya boma la Tanganyika mu 1960 ndipo wakalutilira kuŵa nduna yikuru mu 1961 apo Tanganyika yikajiyimira yekha.
Mazuŵa Ghano
Ufumu wa Britain ukamara pa Disembala 9, 1961. Elizabeth II, uyo wakakhala pa chitengo cha ufumu wa Britain mu 1952, wakalutilira kuwusa mu chaka chakwamba cha kujithemba kwa Tanganyika, kweni sono ni Fumukazi ya Tanganyika, ndipo wakuyimilirika na kazembe mukuru. Mu 1961, charu cha Tanganyika nacho chikaŵa mu wupu wa British Commonwealth. Pa Disembala 9, 1962, charu cha Tanganyika chikazgoka charu cha demokilase icho chikaŵa na pulezidenti.
Pambuyo pa kusintha kwa Zanzibar komwe kunagwetsa ufumu wachiarabu ku Zanzibar yoyandikana nayo, limodzi ndi kuphedwa kwa zikwizikwi za Aarabu a Zanzibar, chirwa ichi chikajiyimira paŵekha mu 1963, ndipo chikasazgikana na charu cha Tanganyika pa 26 Epulero 1964. Kufuma apo, caru ciphya ici cikacemeka United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar. Pa Okutobala 29 wa chaka chenechichi, charu ichi chikachemeka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" kufuma ku Tanganyika na "Zan" kufuma ku Zanzibar). Chigaŵa ichi chikaŵa chakususkana chomene na ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Zanzibar (nanga ni awo ŵakakolerana na chipani ichi) kweni boma la Nyerere na boma la Zanzibar ŵakazomera chifukwa cha ivyo ŵakakolerana.
Pamanyuma pakuti charu cha Tanganyika chajiyimira pawekha na kuwungana na charu cha Zanzibar kuti chiŵe charu cha Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere wakadidimizga kuti ntchakukhumbikwa kuti ŵanthu ŵa mu charu chiphya ŵamanye umo charu chawo chiliri. Kuti ivi vicitike, Nyerere wakapeleka ivyo vikuwoneka nga ni umo ŵanthu ŵakasuzgikiranga ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yinyake na kusintha zina lawo mu Africa. Ku Tanzania kuli viyowoyero vyakujumpha 130. Nangauli pakaŵa suzgo ili, kweni ŵanthu ŵa mafuko ghakupambanapambana ŵakaŵa ŵachoko chomene mu Tanzania pakuyaniska na vyaru vinyake, chomenechomene Kenya. Kweniso kufuma apo charu cha Tanzania chikapokera wanangwa wake, chikaŵa na mtende wa ndyali kuluska vyaru vinandi vya mu Africa.
Mu chaka cha 1967, boma la Nyerere likamba kughanaghana vya ndyali za kumalyero pamanyuma pa chikalata cha Arusha, icho chikalembapo za socialism kweniso pan-Africanism. Pamanyuma pa pharazgo ili, mabanki na mafakitale ghanandi ghakaŵa gha boma.
Charu cha Tanzania chikakolerana na charu cha China, icho kufuma mu 1970 m'paka mu 1975 chikapeleka ndalama na kovwira kuzenga njanji ya TAZARA ya makilomita 1,860 kufuma ku Dar es Salaam m'paka ku Zambia. Ndipouli, kwamba m'ma 1970, vinthu vikamba kunangika mu Tanzania chifukwa cha suzgo la vyachuma ilo likaŵa mu vyaru vyakupambanapambana.
Kulemba mabuku
Malo agha ghakukwana makilomita 947,303, Charu cha Tanzania chili pa nambara 13 pa vyaru vikuruvikuru mu Africa ndipo pa nambara 31 pa vyaru vikuruvikuru pa charu chose chapasi. Charu ichi chili kumpoto na Kenya na Uganda, kumanjiliro gha dazi na Rwanda, Burundi, na Democratic Republic of Congo, ndipo kumwera na Zambia, Malawi, na Mozambique. Charu cha Tanzania chili kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Africa. Mu charu ichi muli virwa vinandi nga ni Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, na Mafia. Charu ichi chili na malo ghapachanya na ghachoko chomene mu Africa: Phiri la Kilimanjaro, ilo lili pa mamita 5,895 (mamita 19,341) pachanya pa nyanja, na Nyanja ya Tanganyika, iyo yili pa mamita 1,471 (mamita 4,826) pachanya pa nyanja.
Charu cha Tanzania chili na mapiri ghanandi kweniso nkhorongo kumpoto kwa charu ichi. Viziŵa vikuruvikuru vitatu vya mu Africa vili mu Tanzania. Kumpoto na kumanjiliro gha dazi kuli Nyanja ya Victoria, nyanja yikuru comene mu Africa, na Nyanja ya Tanganyika, nyanja yakunyang'amira comene mu Africa. Kumwera kwa nyanja iyi kuli Nyanja ya Nyasa. Charu chapakati cha Tanzania chili na mapiri ghakuru na malo ghakutowa. Mphepete mwa nyanja ya kumafumiro gha dazi ni yakuzizima na yakututuŵa, ndipo mumphepete mwa nyanja muli virwa vya Zanzibar.
Umoyo
Nyengo ya mu Tanzania yikupambana chomene. Mu vigaŵa vya mapiri, mu nyengo yakuzizima na yakuzizima, matenthedwe ghakuŵa pakati pa 10 na 20 °C. Ku vigaŵa vinyake vya charu ichi, matenthe ghakukhizga chomene yayi. Nyengo yakuzizima chomene yikuŵa pakati pa Novembala na Febuluwale (25°C panji 77.0°F) apo nyengo yakuzizima chomene yikuŵa pakati pa Meyi na Ogasiti (15°C panji 59°F). Kutentha kwa pachaka ndi 20 °C (68.0 °F). Mu vigaŵa vya mapiri muli mphepo yakuzizima.
Kusintha kwa nyengo ku Tanzania kukupangiska kuti vula yambe kuwa chomene (kukaŵa na maji ghanandi) kweniso kukaŵa chilangalanga. Kusintha kwa nyengo kukukhwaska kale vyalo vya Tanzania nga ni ulimi, maji, umoyo na nkhongono. Kuwuka kwa nyanja na kusintha kwa umo maji ghakukhalira vikukhwaska somba na vyakumera.
Charu cha Tanzania chikapanga National Adaptation Programs of Action (NAPAs) mu chaka cha 2007 nga umo chikalembeka na United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, charu cha Tanzania chikapanga ndondomeko ya kusintha kwa nyengo chifukwa cha kufipa mtima na umo vinthu vyasinthira pa charu.
Vinyama vyamuthondo na kuvikilira
Ku Tanzania kuli vinyama vinandi vya ndopa zakotcha ivyo vili na viŵaro pafupifupi 20 pa viŵaro vyose vya mu Africa. Malo agha ghakukwana makilomita ghakujumpha 42,000 ndipo ghakukwana 38 peresenti ya charu ichi. Ku Tanzania kuli malo ghakusungirako vyamoyo 21, Kweniso kuli malo ghakupambanapambana gha vinyama na nkhorongo, kusazgapo malo gha Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kweni pali ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakukhala mu Ngorongoro ndipo ŵakukhumba kunanga malo. Ku Tanzania kumanjiliro gha dazi, Gombe Stream National Park ndiko Jane Goodall wakambira kusambira za kachitiro ka chimpanzees.
Ku Tanzania kuli vyamoyo vyakupambanapambana. Mu malo gha Serengeti ku Tanzania, kuli viyuni vinyake nga ni viyuni vyamuthondo (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi) na viyuni vinyake nga ni mbuzi (zebra) Ŵakuchitako ulendo ukuru wa pa chaka. Mu charu cha Tanzania muli vyamoyo vyakujumpha 130 vya viyuni vya amphibian na vyamoyo vyakujumpha 275 vya vinyama ivyo vikukhwaŵa. Ku Tanzania ndiko kuli nkharamu zinandi comene pa caru cose.
Charu cha Tanzania chikaŵa na chiŵerengero cha 7.13/10 pa vyaru 172.
Pulaski County, Missouri
Pulaski County, Missouri ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Missouri mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Missouri lina tumisumba 115 mukwati mwake (counties).
Arkansas
Arkansas ni boma ilo lili na mphepete mwa nyanja yayi ilo lili ku chigaŵa cha pakati na kumwera kwa United States. Ku mpoto kuli Missouri, kumafumiro gha dazi kuli Tennessee na Mississippi, kumwera kuli Louisiana, ndipo kumanjiliro gha dazi kuli Texas na Oklahoma. Zina lake likufuma ku ciyowoyero ca Osage, ciyowoyero ca Dhegiha Siouan, ndipo likuyowoya za ŵabali ŵawo, ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Quapaw. Malo ghakupambanapambana gha mu chigaŵa ichi ghakukwana ku mapiri gha Ozark na Ouachita, agho ghakupanga U.S. Ku mapiri gha ku America, ku malo gha nkhorongo gha ku Arkansas, ku mapiri gha ku Mississippi na Arkansas.
Arkansas ni boma la 29 pa vigaŵa vikuru na la 34 pa vigaŵa ivyo vili na ŵanthu ŵanandi, ndipo ŵanthu awo ŵakukhala mu chigaŵa ichi ŵalipo ŵakujumpha 3 miliyoni. Msumba ukuru na uwo uli na ŵanthu ŵanandi comene ni Little Rock, uwo uli pakati pa boma ili. Msumba uwu ndiwo ukwendeska vinthu vinandi, ni malo gha malonda, gha mitheto, na gha boma. Kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa chigawochi, kuphatikizapo Fayetteville  -  Springdale - Rogers Metropolitan Area ndi Fort Smith metropolitan area, ndi chigawo cha anthu, maphunziro, ndi chuma. Msumba ukuru comene uwo uli kumafumiro gha dazi kwa caru ici ni Jonesboro. Msumba ukuru comene uwo uli kumwera ca kumafumiro gha dazi kwa boma ili ni Pine Bluff.
Charu cha Arkansas, icho kale chikaŵa chigaŵa cha French Louisiana, chikazomerezgeka kuŵa chigaŵa cha United States pa Juni 15, 1836. Mu Delta, ŵanthu ŵakamba kulima thonje, ndipo awo ŵakagwiranga nchito mu vigaŵa ivi ŵakagwiranga nchito za ŵazga ŵa ku America. Mu 1861, boma la Arkansas likafumako ku United States ndipo likamba kuwungana na Confederate States of America mu nyengo ya Nkhondo ya pa Caru Cose. Ŵakati ŵawelera ku United States mu 1868, boma la Arkansas likalutilira kusuzgika pa nkhani ya ndalama chifukwa cha kugomezga chomene ulimi wa minda yikuruyikuru. Cotton ndiyo yikaŵa cakurya cikuru comene, ndipo msika wa cotton ukakhira. Pakuti ŵalimi na ŵamalonda ŵakaŵavya vinthu vinandi, ndipo mafakitale ghakaŵavya ndalama zinandi, boma likaŵa na suzgo la ndalama. Kuumaliro wa vyaka vya m'ma 1800, boma likapeleka malango ghanyake agho ghakaŵa nga ni la Jim Crow kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku America awo ŵakaŵa ŵa ku Africa ŵaleke kupika wanangwa wa kusankha. Ŵazungu ndiwo ŵakendeskanga ndyali mu boma la Arkansas, ndipo ŵakaŵavya wanangwa wa kuvota. Ŵakaŵavya wanangwa wa kuvota. Pa nyengo ya nkhondo ya wanangwa wa ŵanthu ya m'ma 1950 na 1960, ku Arkansas na ku Little Rock kukaŵa nkhondo yikuru iyo yikacitikanga kuti ŵasambizgi ŵa sukulu ŵakolerane.
Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Caru Cose yikati yamara, mu 1940, boma la Arkansas likamba kuŵa na vinthu vinandi ndipo vinthu vikendanga makora. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1960, boma ili ndilo likaŵa likuru la kampani ya Walmart, iyo yikaŵa yikuru chomene pa charu chose. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 2000, chuma cha ku Arkansas chikuthemba pa ntchito za pa msewu, ndege, viyuni, visulo, na vyakurya vya ku malo ghakupambanapambana.
Ŵanthu ŵa ku Arkansas ŵakusangika mu nyumba zakuwoneskeramo vinthu vyakale, mu malo ghakuwoneskeramo mafilimu, mu mabuku, pa TV, mu malo ghakurya, na mu malo ghanyake ghakuwoneskeramo maseŵero. Ŵanthu ŵakumanyikwa ku chigaŵa ichi ni William Fulbright, uyo wakaŵa wandale kweniso wakwimira masambiro gha ŵanthu; Bill Clinton, uyo wakaŵaso kazembe wa chigaŵa cha Arkansas; Wesley Clark, uyo wakaŵaso mulongozgi wa ŵasilikari ŵa NATO; Sam Walton, uyo wakambiska Walmart; Johnny Cash, Charlie Rich, Jimmy Driftwood, na Glen Campbell; Billy Bob Thornton, uyo wakapanganga mafilimu; C. D. Wright; William L. McMillan, uyo wakambiska kafukufuku wakukhwaskana na vinthu ivyo vikwenda makora comene; Maya Angelou, uyo wali kupika nkhombo ya Nobel; Douglas MacArthur; Al Green, uyo wakwimba; Alan Ladd, uyo wakwimba; Scottie Pippen, uyo wakuseŵera basketball; Ne-Yo, uyo wakwimba; Chelsea Clinton; Sheryl Underwood, uyo wakwimba; na John Grisham, uyo wakulemba mabuku.