cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Stafford County, Virginia
Stafford County, Virginia ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Virginia mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Virginia lina tumisumba 133 mukwati mwake (counties).
Edith Nawakwi
Ntchito
Ntchito yake ya ndale yikamuwona wakunjira mu Movement for Multi-Party Democracy (MMD) mu 1990. Wakaŵa na maudindo ghakupambanapambana gha ndyali, kusazgapo nduna yakuwona vya nkhongono na maji, nduna yakuwona vya nkhongono na maji, nduna yakuwona vya ulimi, vyakurya na somba, nduna yakuwona vya ndalama na nduna yakuwona vya ntchito na umoyo pakati pa 1992 na 2001.
Mu chaka cha 2001, iyo pamoza na ŵanyake awo ŵakaŵa ŵa Movement for Multi-Party Democracy ŵakambiska Forum for Democracy and Development uko wakaŵa Secretary General na Vice-President wa chipani ichi pambere wandasankhike kuŵa president wa chipani ichi mu chaka cha 2005. Mu 2011, pasi pa chilato cha Forum for Democracy and Development, wakaŵa mwanakazi yekha uyo wakathaskana pa chisankho cha 2011, ndipo wakaŵa wa nambara 7 pa mavoti ghakukwana 6,833. Wakathasaso pa chisankho cha 2015 cha purezidenti, ndipo wakaŵa wachitatu na mavoti 0.92%. Mu chaka cha 2016, wakaluta ku mavoti gha president pa mavoti gha 2016 apo wakafika pa chitatu, kupokera mavoti 24,149.
Umoyo wa munthu
Wakutengwa kwa Geoffrey Hambulo uyo wali na ŵana ŵatatu. Mu Janyuwale 2013, yumoza wa ŵana ŵake ŵasungwana, Hatamba Hambulo, wakakomeka. Thupi lake likasangika mu chibuwu mu Ibex Hill na mawoko na malundi ghakukakika.
Taylor County, Texas
Taylor County, Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Madison County,Texas
Madison County,Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Niklasdorf
Niklasdorf ni msumba mu boma la Styria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Piacenza
Piacenza ndiwo msumba wukulu wa boma mu Italy. Muli banthu pafupi-fupi 102 403 (2017).
Castelo de Vide
Castelo de Vide ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu icho chili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo charu ichi chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Lebus
Lebus ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Hinzenbach
Hinzenbach ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Neumarkt in der Steiermark
Neumarkt in der Steiermark ni msumba mu boma la Styria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Lauterstein
Lauterstein ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Fontelo
Fontelo ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Mitchell County, Texas
Mitchell County, Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Lithuania
Lithuania (lt: Lietuva) ni chalo icho chili kwa Europe. Pali anthu pafupifupi 2 810 865 m'dzikoli (2017).
La Salle County, Texas
La Salle County, Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Westmoreland County, Virginia
Westmoreland County, Virginia ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Virginia mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Virginia lina tumisumba 133 mukwati mwake (counties).
Obdach
Obdach ni msumba mu boma la Styria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Lindenfels
Lindenfels ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Robertson County, Texas
Robertson County, Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Kendall County, Texas
Kendall County, Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Sussex County, Virginia
Sussex County, Virginia ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Virginia mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Virginia lina tumisumba 133 mukwati mwake (counties).
Tazewell County, Virginia
Tazewell County, Virginia ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Virginia mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Virginia lina tumisumba 133 mukwati mwake (counties).
Frazão
Frazão ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Caneças
Caneças ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu icho chili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo charu ichi chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Prince William County, Virginia
Prince William County, Virginia ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Virginia mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Virginia lina tumisumba 133 mukwati mwake (counties).
Hochburg-Ach
Hochburg-Ach ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Öblarn
Öblarn ni msumba mu boma la Styria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Foz do Arelho
Foz do Arelho ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Freixianda
Freixianda ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Warren County, Virginia
Warren County, Virginia ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Virginia mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Virginia lina tumisumba 133 mukwati mwake (counties).
Hemphill County, Texas
Hemphill County, Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Middlesex County, Virginia
Middlesex County, Virginia ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Virginia mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Virginia lina tumisumba 133 mukwati mwake (counties).
Europe
Europe ni chigaŵa icho chili kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Eurasia, icho chili mu Northern Hemisphere na Eastern Hemisphere. Charu ichi chili pa chigaŵa cha Afilika na Asia. Kumpoto kuli nyanja ya Arctic Ocean, kumanjiliro gha dazi kuli nyanja ya Atlantic Ocean, kumwera kuli nyanja ya Mediterranean Sea, ndipo kumafumiro gha dazi kuli Asia. Charu cha Europe chikupambana na vyaru vya Asia chifukwa cha mapiri gha Ural, Mlonga wa Ural, Nyanja ya Caspian, Great Caucasus, Nyanja Yiswesi na maji gha ku Turkey.
Lindow (Mark)
Lindow (Mark) ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Paldau
Paldau ni msumba mu boma la Styria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Njati
Njati (Syncerus caffer)
Oberwölz
Oberwölz ni msumba mu boma la Styria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Frio County,Texas
Frio County,Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Vilumba vya Faroe
Vilumba vya Faroe (fo: Føroyar) ni chalo icho chili kwa Europe. Pali anthu pafupifupi 53 358 m'dzikoli (2021).
Passail
Passail ni msumba mu boma la Styria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Hofkirchen an der Trattnach
Hofkirchen an der Trattnach ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Fronteira, Portugal
Fronteira, Portugal ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Haskell County, Texas
Haskell County, Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Guadalupe County,Texas
Guadalupe County,Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Lüneburg
Lüneburg ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Hall County,Texas
Hall County,Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Castro Marim
Castro Marim ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Freixo de Numão
Freixo de Numão ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Freixo de Espada à Cinta
Freixo de Espada à Cinta ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Lünen
Lünen ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Mecklenburg County, Virginia
Mecklenburg County, Virginia ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Virginia mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Virginia lina tumisumba 133 mukwati mwake (counties).
Grimes County,Texas
Grimes County,Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Peggau
Peggau ni msumba mu boma la Styria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Isle of Wight County, Virginia
Isle of Wight County, Virginia ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Virginia mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Virginia lina tumisumba 133 mukwati mwake (counties).
Hofkirchen im Traunkreis
Hofkirchen im Traunkreis ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Pinggau
Pinggau ni msumba mu boma la Styria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Caxarias
Caxarias ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Castro Verde
Castro Verde ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Canelas (Arouca)
Canelas (Arouca) ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu icho chili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo charu ichi chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Floyd County, Virginia
Floyd County, Virginia ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Virginia mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Virginia lina tumisumba 133 mukwati mwake (counties).
Leer, Lower Saxony
Leer, Lower Saxony ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Lychen
Lychen ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Höhnhart
Höhnhart ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Lügde
Lügde ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Caranguejeira
Caranguejeira ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu icho chili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo charu ichi chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Cavês
Cavês ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Pöllau
Pöllau ni msumba mu boma la Styria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Freestone County, Texas
Freestone County, Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
New Kent County, Virginia
New Kent County, Virginia ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Virginia mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Virginia lina tumisumba 133 mukwati mwake (counties).
Pirching am Traubenberg
Pirching am Traubenberg ni msumba mu boma la Styria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Caramulo
Caramulo ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu icho chili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo charu ichi chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Hohenzell
Hohenzell ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Lehesten
Lehesten ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Caniçal
Caniçal ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu icho chili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo charu ichi chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Nkhuku
Nkhuku (Gallus gallus domesticus)
Holzhausen, Austria
Holzhausen, Austria ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Nelson County, Virginia
Nelson County, Virginia ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Virginia mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Virginia lina tumisumba 133 mukwati mwake (counties).
Jefferson County,Texas
Jefferson County,Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Marion County,Texas
Marion County,Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Coimbra
Coimbra ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Fornos de Algodres
Fornos de Algodres ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Lee County, Texas
Lee County, Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Gaines County,Texas
Gaines County,Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Cedovim
Cedovim ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Cela (Alcobaça)
Cela (Alcobaça) ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Loudoun County, Virginia
Loudoun County, Virginia ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Virginia mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Virginia lina tumisumba 133 mukwati mwake (counties).
Fauquier County, Virginia
Fauquier County, Virginia ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Virginia mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Virginia lina tumisumba 133 mukwati mwake (counties).
Essex County, Virginia
Essex County, Virginia ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Virginia mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Virginia lina tumisumba 133 mukwati mwake (counties).
Wupu wa Rhodesia na Nyasaland
Wupu wa Rhodesia na Nyasaland, iyo yikumanyikwaso kuti Central African Federation panji CAF, yikaŵa boma ilo likaŵa na vigaŵa vitatu vya kumwera kwa Africa: Southern Rhodesia, ilo likaŵa la Britain, na Northern Rhodesia na Nyasaland. Wakaŵapo pakati pa 1953 na 1963.
Wupu uwu ukapangika pa 1 Ogasiti 1953, na kazembe uyo ni mwimiliri wa fumukazi. Malo ghatatu agha ghakaŵa ghambura kukhwaskika, nangauli malango ghanyake ghakaŵa ghakuyana waka na gha ufumu wa Britain. Chinthu chinyake icho chikaŵa chiphya ni African Affairs Board, iyo yikakhazikiskika kuti yovwire ŵanthu ŵa mu Africa ndipo yikaŵa na mazaza ghakwendeskera fundo izo zikapelekeka. Apo caru cose cikafumako ku vyaru ivyo vikalamuliranga ŵanthu mu vyaka vya m'ma 1950 na m'ma 1960, caru ca United Kingdom cikakhwaskika na wupu wa United Nations na Organization of African Unity (OAU). Magulu agha ghakakolerana na ivyo ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ŵakakhumbanga, ndipo ŵakakolerana nawo.
Wupu uwu ukamara pa Disembala 31, 1963. Mu 1964, pakati pajumpha nyengo yichoko waka kufuma apo charu ichi chikamazgikira, Northern Rhodesia na Nyasaland ŵakajiyimira ŵekha. Mu Novembala 1965, charu cha Southern Rhodesia chikapharazga kuti ntchakujiyimira pawekha kufuma ku United Kingdom.
Wupu wa Central African Council
Mu 1929, Komiti ya Hilton Young yikati "mu nyengo iyo vinthu viliri nthena, vyakusanguluska vya ku Nyasaland na Northern Rhodesia, vya vyachuma na vya ndyali, vikukolerana yayi na vyaru vya ku East Africa, kweni vikukolerana na vyaru vinyake na vyaru vya Southern Rhodesia". Mu 1938, Komiti ya Bledisloe yikati vigaŵa vyose viŵenge vyakukolerana, kweni yikaleka kupempha kuti viŵe mu wupu wa federal. M'malo mwake, wupu uwu ukayowoya kuti paŵe wupu wa pakati pa vigaŵa kuti uwovwire boma na kuwona ivyo vikukhumbikwa mu cigaŵa ici. Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Caru Cose yikapangiska kuti wupu uwu uleke kukhazikiskika mu 1945, apo wupu wa Central African Council ukapangika kuti ukhozge ndondomeko na vyakucita pakati pa vigaŵa ivi. Kazembe wa ku Southern Rhodesia ndiyo wakaŵa na mazaza pa ungano uwu. Wupu uwu ukaŵa waka na mazaza gha kucezga, kweni ghakakanizganga yayi.
Madumbizgilano
Mu Novembala 1950, Jim Griffiths, Secretary of State for the Colonies, wakaphalira House of Commons kuti boma laghanaghana kuti liwoneso umo vyaru vya ku Central Africa vingaŵira pamoza, ndipo kuti ungano wa maboma na wa Central African Council uŵengeko mu Malichi 1951. Ungano uwu ukati pakukhumbikwa kukolerana comene, ndipo ukayowoya za umo vyaru vitatu ivi vikukolerana. Ŵakati vigaŵa ivi vikaŵa vyambura kuvikilirika ndipo vingaŵa makora usange vingaŵa na chuma chikuru. Kweniso ŵakayowoya kuti usange maofesi ghanyake gha boma ghaŵa ghamoza, ghangapangiska kuti vinthu viŵe makora. Ŵakapeleka ulongozgi wakuti boma likhazikiske wupu wa wupu wakulongozga, ndipo boma likwenera kuŵa na mazaza ghanyake. Ungano unyake ukachitika mu Seputembala 1951 ku Victoria Falls, ndipo Griffiths na Patrick Gordon Walker nawo ŵakiza. Maungano ghanyake ghaŵiri ghakacitikira ku London mu 1952 na 1953, ndipo pa ungano uwu, ŵakanozgekera umo boma la Britain liŵirenge.
Nangauli pa maungano agho ghakacitika pamanyuma pake pakaŵa fundo zinandi zakususkana, kweni zinandi zikaŵa zakusuzga kuzipulikiska, ndipo zinyake zikawonekanga zambura kumazga. Maungano agha ghakaŵa ghakusuzga. Southern Rhodesia na Northern Territories vikaŵa na maluso ghakupambana chomene pa nkhani ya 'Native Question' (African black) na maudindo agho ŵakeneranga kuchita mu chalo.
Ndondomeko ya chalo
Paumaliro, boma la Britain likamba kulamulira mu vyaru vinkhondi. Ivi vikapangiska kuti paŵe kukangana pakati pa maboma gha vigaŵa vyakupambanapambana. Lord Blake wakati, caru ici cikaŵa "cimoza mwa vyaru ivyo vikaŵa na maboma ghawemi comene".
Ndondomeko iyi yikapangiska kuti paŵe boma la ku Africa ilo lili na mazaza ghakupambanapambana. Pakaŵa ndondomeko yakuti maboma gha boma na gha vigaŵa ghagaŵane mazaza na milimo yawo. Ndime 97 ya Dango ili yikapeleka mazaza ku wupu wa Federal Assembly kuti usinthe malango gha boma. Kazembe Mukuru ndiyo wakwimira Fumukazi mu Federation. Boma la United States likaŵa na mazaza pa nkhani izo zikakhwaskanga boma. Maufumu gha boma ghakagaŵikana mu "Federal Legislative List" agho wupu wakulongozga malango ghakaŵa na wanangwa wa kupanga malango, na "Concurrent Legislative List" uwo wupu wakulongozga malango wa boma na wa vigaŵa ukaŵa na wanangwa wa kupanga malango. Malango gha boma ghakaŵa ghakuzirwa chomene kuluska malango gha chigaŵa mu vigaŵa vyose ivyo boma likapika mazaza ghakuchitira malango, kusazgapo malango agho ghakalembeka pamoza.
Boma likapangika na Kazembe Mukuru, uyo wakimiranga Fumukazi, na Wupu Wakulongozga uwo ukaŵa na Nduna Yikuru na nduna zinyake zinkhondi na zinayi izo zikaŵikika na Kazembe Mukuru. Khoti likuru likapangika na Khoti Likuru Chomene, ilo pamasinda likalembeka na Federal Supreme Court Act, 1955, ilo likapangika na Chief Justice, ŵeruzgi ŵaŵiri ŵa boma, na ŵeruzgi ŵalara ŵa vigaŵa vitatu vya Federation. Khoti ili likamba kugwira ntchito pa Julayi 1, 1955, apo Kazembe-Jenerala wakapeleka chilapo kwa mulara wa khoti na ŵeruzgi ŵanyake. Mu upharazgi uwu mukaŵaso Lord High Chancellor na Chief Justice of the Union of South Africa.:595 Ŵeruzgi ŵalara ŵakaŵa Sir Robert Tredgold, uyo wakaŵa Chief Justice of Southern Rhodesia, uyo wakaŵa Chief Justice of the Federation kufuma mu 1953 mpaka 1961, na Sir John Clayden, kufuma mu 1961 mpaka 1963. Khoti Likuru Chomene likaŵa na mazaza ghakupulikizga madandawuro gha makhoti ghapachanya gha mu vigaŵa vyawo. Kweni pakwamba khoti ili likaŵa na mazaza pa nkhani izi:
Mu 1958, nduna yikuru yikakhazikiska ofesi yakuwona vya mafuko iyo yikadumbiskana ndondomeko, vyakucita, na milimo iyo yikatondeskanga panji kususka ndondomeko ya boma yakuwona vya wanangwa wa ŵanthu. Pa 1 Epulero 1959, nduna yikuru yikimika Secretary of Parliamentary to the Ministry of Home Affairs, uyo wakaŵa na udindo wa nduna yakuwona vya mafuko. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakagomezganga kuti charu cha Southern Rhodesia ndicho chizamuŵa na mazaza pa charu chose. Ivi vikapangiska kuti paŵe maungano ghatali na kusintha malango. Pa nyengo iyo, ŵanthu ŵa mu Africa ŵakasuskanga ŵanyawo pa nkhani za ndyali kweniso ŵakakhumbanga yayi kuti ŵanthu ŵaŵasopenge.
Vinthu ivyo vikapangiska kuti wupu uwu uleke kukhazikika vikaŵa mphambano yikuru pakati pa ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa na ŵa ku Europe. Kweniso ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe awo ŵakakhalanga ku Southern Rhodesia ŵakasazgikiranga chomene. Ici cikawovwira comene kuti vinthu vyende makora mu caru ici. Mu 1939, ŵanthu pafupifupi 60,000 ŵa ku Europe ŵakakhalanga ku Southern Rhodesia; pambere wupu wa Federation undaŵeko ŵakaŵa 135,000; apo wupu wa Federation ukaparanyikanga ŵakaŵa 223,000 (nangauli awo ŵiza sono ŵangavota para pajumpha vyaka vitatu). Nyasaland yikaŵa na ŵanthu ŵacoko comene ku Europe na ku Africa. Ntchito yikuru iyo ŵanthu ŵa ku Southern Rhodesia ŵa ku Europe ŵakagwiranga mu CAF yikulongoreka na mulongozgi wawo wakwamba, Sir Godfrey Huggins (uyo wakazgoka Viscount Malvern mu Febuluwale 1955), Prime Minister wa Federation kwa vyaka vitatu vyakwambilira ndipo pambere ivi vindachitike, Prime Minister wa Southern Rhodesia kwa vyaka 23. Huggins wakaleka udindo wa Prime Minister wa Southern Rhodesia kuti watore udindo wa Federal Prime Minister. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakamba kusamira ku vigaŵa vyakuzirwa vya ndyali. Malo gha nduna yikuru ya Southern Rhodesia ghakaŵaso gha nduna yikuru, nga ni umo vikaŵira mu Britain's Ministerial Titles Act of 1933, ndipo ghakaŵa gha nduna yikuru. Garfield Todd, nduna ya vya ndyali ya ku mphepete mwa nyanja iyo yizamuzgoreka. Ŵanthu ŵakaghanaghananga kuti udindo wa Todd na ndyali zake vikaŵa vyambura kuzirwa. Nakuti yikaŵa yakukhumbikwa chomene kuti CAF yimare, kweniso kuti Rhodesian Front yikure.
Cikaŵa cakwenelera kuti Cecil Rhodes wakhazikiske vigaŵa vyose vitatu mu caru cimoza. Kweni kwa Huggins na ŵa ku Rhodesia, cifukwa cikuru ico cikapangiska kuti CAF (panji kuti kuwungana) kuŵepo cikaŵa kuti kumpoto kwa Rhodesia kukaŵa na mkuŵa unandi. Mwakupambana na vyaru vya Rhodesia, charu cha Nyasaland chikaŵavya visulo vinandi, ndipo ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe, ŵanandi ŵakaŵa ŵa ku Scotland. Kuŵanjizga mu wupu wa Federation kukaŵa kacitiro kakuyelezgera kuluska kukhumbikwa. Kuŵikapo mtima uku kukawovwira yayi CAF: Nyasaland na ŵanthu ŵake ŵa ku Africa ndiwo ŵakapangiska kuti CAF yileke kukhazikika, ndipo yikamara..[
Kukura kwa cuma na wanangwa wa ndyali
Nangauli boma la CAF likaŵa lakusuzga, kweni vinthu vikendanga makora. Mu cilimika cakwamba ca wupu uwu, GDP yake yikaŵa yakuzizwiska ya mapaundi 350 miliyoni; pamanyuma pa vilimika viŵiri yikaŵa pafupifupi mapaundi 450 miliyoni. Kweni ndalama izo munthu wa ku Europe wakasanganga zikapambananga na izo munthu wa ku Africa wakasanganga.
Mu 1955, boma likapharazga kuti lipangenge sitima ya Kariba. Chikaŵa cinthu cakuzizwiska comene pakuzenga damu likuru comene pa caru cose pa nyengo iyo. Malo agha ghakavumbura mphindano pakati pa Southern na Northern Rhodesia, ndipo Rhodesia ndiyo yikaŵa malo ghakwenelera kuzenga chiziŵa.
CAF yikapeleka vyaka 10 vya wanangwa pa nkhani ya wanangwa wa ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa. Pakaŵa ŵaminisitala ŵacigaŵa ca Africa mu CAF iyo yikaŵa na ŵacigaŵa ca Southern Rhodesia, apo vyaka 10 kumasinda, ŵanthu ŵacigaŵa ca South Rhodesia 70 pera ndiwo ŵakaŵa na wanangwa wa kuvota.
Ntheura, CAF yikaŵa na wanangwa wa kupoka katundu na ndalama. Nangauli ivi vikakwenyerezga ŵazungu ŵanandi, kweni ŵakalutilira kulondezga ivyo Huggins wakacita na CAF, comene cifukwa ca kukura kwa cuma. Kweni ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ŵakakhorwa yayi na fundo iyi, ndipo ŵalongozgi ŵawo ŵakamba kukhumba kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ndiwo ŵalongozgenge.
Kuwuka kwa kutemwa caru
Ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ŵakamba kutinkhana na CAF, ndipo nyengo yeneyiyo maboma gha ku Britain ghakatinkhanga umo yikapangikira kweniso chilato chake.
Mu Juni 1956, Kazembe wa Northern Rhodesia, Sir Arthur Benson, wakalemba kalata yakubisika chomene yakususka chomene wupu uwu (na dango liphya ilo likanozgekera) kweniso nduna yikuru ya boma, Sir Roy Welensky. Pakati pajumpha vilimika viŵiri, Lord Malvern (uyo wakaŵa Sir Godfrey Huggins mu Febuluwale 1955) wakasanga buku ili na kumupa Welensky.
Ubwezi pakati pa Whitehall na nduna za CAF ukaŵa wakuti ungaweleramo yayi. Ivi ndivyo vikapangiska kuti Harold Macmillan, uyo wakaŵa nduna yikuru ya boma la Britain, wamanye kuti mu CAF muli suzgo, kweni wakawona kuti suzgo ili likaŵa lakuzirwa yayi.
Nkhani iyi yikamalizgika mwaluŵiro na kusintha malango ghanyake, kweni sono vikumanyikwa kuti Welensky wakaghanaghananga chomene za ndondomeko ya unilateral declaration of independence (UDI) ya federation, nangauli wakasankha yayi.
Pa nyengo iyi, kuumaliro wa vyaka 10, ŵanthu ŵa ku Northern Territories, ku Africa, ŵakasuska muwuso wa CAF. Mu Julayi 1958, Hastings Banda, mulongozgi wa Nyasaland African Congress (NAC) (pamanyuma Malawi Congress Party), wakawerako ku Great Britain kuya ku Nyasaland, apo mu Okutobala Kenneth Kaunda wakazgoka mulongozgi wa Zambia African National Congress (ZANC), chigaŵa icho chikapatuka ku Northern Rhodesian ANC. Boma la CAF likakanizga gulu la ZANC mu Malichi 1959, ndipo mu Juni likajalira Kaunda myezi 9. Apo Kaunda wakaŵa mu jele, Mainza Chona, uyo wakaŵa muteŵeti wake wakugomezgeka, wakagwira nchito pamoza na ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵa ku Africa kuti ŵapange United National Independence Party (UNIP). Kukwambilira kwa 1959, ku Nyasaland kukawuka vivulupi, ndipo wakulemba mdauko munyake, Lord Blake, wakati: "Charu ichi chikaŵa mukavu comene pa vyaru vitatu ivi, kweniso chikaŵa na ndyali zinandi comene".
Boma la CAF likapharazga kuti kuli suzgo. Dr. Banda na ŵalongozgi ŵanyake ŵa NAC ŵakakakika ndipo gulu lawo likakanizgika. Ŵasilikari ŵa ku Southern Rhodesia ŵakatumika kuti ŵize na ndondomeko. Mbumba ya British Labour MP John Stonehouse yikachimbizgika ku Southern Rhodesia nyengo yicoko waka pambere boma la Nyasaland lindayowoyepo suzgo, ico cikakwiyiska ŵa British Labour Party.
Nkhani iyi yikapangiska kuti fundo yose ya wupu uwu yiŵe yakukayikiska, ndipo nanga ni Nduna Yikuru Macmillan nayo wakamba kukayikira usange wupu uwu ungaŵa na nkhongono pa nkhani za ndyali. Komiti ya Ufumu iyo yikapelekanga ulongozgi kwa Macmillan pa ivyo vicitikenge ku CAF, yikalongozgekanga na The 1st Viscount Monckton of Brenchley, QC, uyo kale wakaŵa Paymaster General. Secretary of the Commonwealth, The 14th Earl of Home, wakatumika kuti wakanozge nduna yikuru Welensky, uyo wakakondwa yayi na kwiza kwa komiti iyi.
Welensky wakasanga kuti Fumu Home yikukhozgera kuti CAF yilipo. Mwakupambana na ivi, munthu munyake wa ku Scotland, Iain Macleod, uyo wakaŵa Secretary of Colonial Affairs, wakatemwanga wanangwa wa ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa na kumazga wupu uwu. Nangauli pa nyengo iyi Macmillan wakakhozgera Fumu Home, kweni vinthu vikasintha. Ku Britain, Macmillan wakati nchakuzirwa comene kuti "ŵasungiliri ŵa Tory ŵalutilire kucita vinthu mwakukolerana na umo vinthu viliri sono".
Kulekeka
Pa nyengo iyo Macmillan wakendera caru ca Africa mu 1960, apo wakapharazganga ku Nyumba ya Malamulo ku Cape Town, vinthu vikamba kusintha. Kuzakafika mu 1960, vyaru ivyo vikaŵa pasi pa France vikaŵa kuti vyafwatuka kale. Ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Europe ŵakachimbira ku Belgian Congo chifukwa cha nkhondo ya pawenenawene.
Pa nyengo ya suzgo ya ku Congo, ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ŵakawonanga kuti Prime Minister wa CAF, Sir Roy Welensky, ni munthu wakususka ndipo wovwiri wake ku Katanga ukaŵa wakusazgirapo. Welensky wakatinkhikanga na ŵanthu ŵa ku woko lamalyero na lamazere wuwo: pati pajumpha vilimika vicoko waka, apo wakacitanga kampeni yakwimikana na chipani ca Rhodesian Front ca Ian Smith, ŵanthu ŵa ku Russia ŵakasuska Welensky uyo wakaŵa wakujiyuyura, kuti ni 'Muyuda wa ndopa,' 'Mukomyunizimu, '' muwukirano,' na'munthu wakucita wofi.'
Secretary wa Commonwealth, Duncan Sandys, wakadumbiskana za 'Constitution ya 1961', constitution yiphya ya CAF iyo yikakhukiska chomene mazaza gha Britain pa iyo: kweni, mu 1962, British na CAF cabinet ŵakakolerana kuti Nyasaland yikwenera kuzomerezgeka kupatuka, nangauli Prime Minister wa Southern Rhodesia Sir Edgar Whitehead wakajipeleka ku British kuti ŵasunge chisisi ichi mpaka pa mavoti gha 1962 mu chigaŵa ichi. Pakati pajumpha chaka chimoza, charu cha Northern Rhodesia nacho chikapokera wanangwa uwu.
Mu 1963, ungano wa Victoria Falls Conference ukacitika, cifukwa cakuti ukaŵa cinthu caumaliro ca kuponoska CAF, kweniso cifukwa cakuti yikaŵa malo ghakupatulirako. Pa Juni 5, 1963, ŵalongozgi ŵa ku Kenya, Tanganyika, na Uganda ŵakayowoya kuti ŵakukhumba kukolerana kuti ŵaŵe mu wupu wa East Africa. Kuumaliro wa Juni 1963, boma ili likawonekanga kuti lileke kunangika. Ndipouli, pati pajumpha myezi yicoko waka, cilindizga ca kukhazikiska wupu uwu cikamara.
Pali vifukwa vyakupambanapambana ivyo vikapangiska kuti charu ichi chileke kukolerana, kusazgapo kuti charu cha Uganda chikudandawura chifukwa chakuti ntchakulopwa mu charu ichi, kweniso chifukwa cha ivyo Kwame Nkrumah wakakhumbanga kuti charu cha East Africa chiŵe na wupu ukuru. Ŵanthu ŵanyake nga ni Joseph Nye na Thomas Franck, ŵakalemba vya kutondeka kwa wupu uwu.
Pa Disembala 31, 1963, wupu wa Rhodesia na Nyasaland ukamara, ndipo katundu wake wakagaŵika pakati pa maboma gha vigaŵa. Charu cha Southern Rhodesia chikapokera katundu munandi wa ŵasilikari aŵa, kusazgapo katundu wa ŵasilikari ŵa boma. Mu Julayi 1964, charu cha Nyasaland chikajiyimira paŵekha ndipo chikachemekanga Malawi, ndipo mu Okutobala, Northern Rhodesia yikajiyimira paŵekha ndipo yikachemeka Republic of Zambia.
Pa Novembala 11, 1965, boma la Southern Rhodesia, lakulongozgeka na nduna yikuru Ian Smith, likapharazga kuti charu cha Rhodesia chili na wanangwa wakujiyimira pawekha. Ici cikapangiska kuti caru cose ciŵe na citima.
Chitetezo
Nduna ya vya kuvikilira yikaŵa mulongozgi wa wupu wa kuvikilira, uwo ukaŵa na ŵasilikari na ŵanthu ŵanyake.
The Army, in 1960, consisted of three training formations:
Gulu ili likasambizgikanga na mawupu gha Rhodesia na Nyasaland Corps of Engineers, Corps of Signals, na Army Service Corps.
Pa malo ghakucemeka Llewellin Barracks ku Bulawayo pakaŵa cikumbusko ca kazembe mukuru wakwamba wa wupu wa Federation. Nkhondo ya Tug Argan yikakumbukirika mu zina la Tug Argan Barracks mu Ndola.
Gulu la ŵasilikari ili likaŵa na mabataliyoni ghanayi gha ku Africa: 1st na 2nd Battalion, King's African Rifles; the Northern Rhodesia Regiment; and the Rhodesian African Rifles.:6681961, the all-White 1st Battalion of the Rhodesian Light Infantry regiment was added.
Gulu la ŵanakazi la Rhodesia and Nyasaland Women's Military Air Service (lakucemeka kuti "WAMS") likaŵa gulu la ŵanakazi la Federation. Mu 1957, ŵasilikari ŵakasintha ndondomeko yawo ndipo ŵakamba kuchepeska unandi wa ŵasilikari.
Chiharo
Nangauli wupu wa Rhodesia na Nyasaland ukakhala waka vyaka 10, kweni ukakhwaska comene caru ca Central Africa.
Boma la ŵanthu ŵachoko waka ŵatuŵa, apo ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe ŵakukwana 200,000, comenecomene ŵa ku Southern Rhodesia, ŵakalongozganga ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa mu Africa, ŵakalongozgekanga na ŵanthu awo ŵakakhumbanga kusintha vinthu.
Wupu wa Britain uwo ukaŵa pasi pa mazaza gha Britain, ukaŵa wakupambana na wupu unyake wa ku South Africa. Kuwuskika kwa CAF kukavumbura mphambano pakati pa vyaru vyakujiyimira vyene ivyo vikalongozgekanga na Africa nga ni Zambia na Malawi, na Southern Rhodesia (iyo yikalutilira kulamulirika na boma la ŵanthu ŵachoko waka Ŵachizungu mpaka apo vinthu vikasinthira mu 1978). Ku Southern Rhodesia kukaŵa nkhondo pakati pa boma na ŵasilikari ŵa ku Africa, apo Malawi na Zambia vikazgoka vyaru vya chipani chimoza.
Vyakulemba
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Pöllauberg
Pöllauberg ni msumba mu boma la Styria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Lehrte
Lehrte ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Godfrey Miyanda
Godfrey Miyanda (wakababika mu chaka cha 1944) ni ndyali wa ku Zambia ndipo wakaŵa msilikari. Mu 1993, wakaŵa wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti wa Zambia mu nyengo ya Frederick Chiluba. Miyanda wakuti ni Mkhristu wakubabikaso. Wakutengwa kwa Angela Miyanda. Ŵali na ŵana ŵanayi.
Umoyo wakwamba
Miyanda wakamba masambiro ghake gha ku sukulu ya ku Kitwe. Pamanyuma pake wakasambira ku sukulu za Buseko na Kawama Primary ku Kitwe. Pamanyuma, wakasambira ku sukulu za Katete na Munali. Wakasambiraso kwa chaka chimoza pa sukulu ya Evelyn Hone College of Higher Education.
Ntchito
Miyanda wakaŵa msilikari. Wakasambira sukulu ya ŵasilikari ku sukulu ya Mons Officer Cadet School ku Aldershot, England. Wakalutizga masambiro ghake ku Hythe, Kent, na ku Warminster, England. Mu 1968, wakaluta ku sukulu ya ŵasilikari ku Canada.
Miyanda wali kusambira masambiro ghanandi ghakukhwaskana na urongozgi. Wakaŵa na maudindo ghakupambanapambana mu ŵasilikari, kusazgapo Mulongozgi wa Gulu la Ŵasilikari, Mulongozgi wa Mapulani, na Mulara wa vya Ukaboni. Mulimo wake waumaliro mu ŵasilikari ukaŵa wa kulongozga vinthu. Miyanda wakambiska Zambia Military Academy, ndipo wakaŵa mutu wake wakwamba ku Kohima Barracks ku Kabwe, chigaŵa chapakati cha Zambia. Ŵanyake awo ŵakasambirako vya usilikari ŵakaŵa Jenerale Kingsley Chinkuli, mulongozgi wakwamba wa ŵasilikari ŵa ŵanthu ŵaŵisi ku Zambia, Jenerale Benjamin Mibenge, Colonel Patrick Kafumukache, Jenerale Christon Tembo, wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti wa Zambia.
Wakasambira masambiro ghakukhwaskana na masamu gha ku Nairobi, Kenya, na Malaga, Spain. Wakasambira kugwiliskira nchito vinthu vinandi vya Caterpillar. Kweniso wakumanya kwendeska galimoto. Mu 1980, Kenneth Kaunda wakafumiska Miyanda mu usilikari cifukwa ca kupusika ŵanthu kuti ŵapange boma. Wakaŵa pa mskambo wa ŵanthu ŵambura mulandu kwa vyaka vinandi ndipo wakendeskanga taxi. Kweni pamasinda ŵakamuwezgera mulandu wose.
Ntchito ya ndale
Wakaba yumoza wa ŵanthu awo ŵakususkana na Kenneth Kaunda ndipo pamasinda wakaŵa yumoza wa ŵanthu ŵakumanyikwa mu gulu la Movement for Multi-Party Democracy (MMD). Wakateŵeteranga mu nyengo ya Frederick Chiluba nga nduna yambura ntchito na Secretary National wa MMD mpaka 1995. Mu 1993, pamanyuma pa kuleka kwa Levy Mwanawasa, Miyanda wakasankhika kuŵa Vice President. Pa ungano wa chipani cha MMD mu 1995, wakasankhika kuŵa wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti wa chipani ichi. Mu 1997, wakasuskika kuŵa nduna ya vya masambiro, kweni wakalutilira kuŵa wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti wa MMD.
Miyanda wakachimbizgika mu MMD, pamoza na ŵalaraŵalara ŵa chipani ŵakumanyikwa 22, mu 2001 cifukwa ca kukana kuti Pulezidenti Chiluba waŵe pulezidenti waciŵiri. Michael Sata, Secretary wa MMD, ndiyo wakawovwira na kulongozga pa nyengo yachitatu.
Chipani cha Heritage
Kufuma mu 2001, Miyanda wakuteŵetera nga ni pulezidenti wa chipani cha Heritage Party mu Zambia. Likapangika pamanyuma pakuti wafumiskika mu chipani cha Movement for Multi-Party Democracy (MMD) mu mwezi wa Meyi mu chaka cha 2001 chifukwa cha kukana kupika udindo wa chitatu. Mu mavoti gha 2001, chipani ichi chikapokera vithuzithuzi vinayi mu nyumba ya malango ya Zambia. Kweniso chipani ichi chikapokera mavoti gha mu wupu wa malango mu vyaru vinandi. Ndipouli, mamembara ghanayi agha ŵakasoleka na pulezidenti wakufwa wa Zambia Levy Mwanawasa mwa kuŵanjizga mu maudindo gha nduna za boma kuti ŵakhozge unandi wa mamembara. Pa mavoti gha 2006 agho ghakacitika pamanyuma pake, mamembala ghanayi agha ŵakakanjira chipani cha MMD ndipo chipani cha heritage chikataya vithuzithuzi vyose mu pharalamende.
Miyanda wangalongozgeka makora. Wakayezgapo kanayi (2001, 2006, 2008 na 2011), kweni wakatondeka.
Cercal do Alentejo
Cercal do Alentejo ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Kozan, Adana
Kozan, Adana ni msumba mu boma la Kozan mu chigaŵa chikulu cha Adana mu charu cha Turkey mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Hörbich
Hörbich ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Gregg County, Texas
Gregg County, Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Nkhanga
Nkhanga (Numida meleagris) Nkhuku iyi ndiyo yikumanyikwa comene mu mbumba ya viyuni vya ku Guineafowl Numididae.
Carnaxide
Carnaxide ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu icho chili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo charu ichi chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Pölstal
Pölstal ni msumba mu boma la Styria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Laichingen
Laichingen ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Lambrecht, Rhineland-Palatinate
Lambrecht, Rhineland-Palatinate ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Chigwele
Chigwele (Hippopotamus amphibius)
Fairfax County, Virginia
Fairfax County, Virginia ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Virginia mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Virginia lina tumisumba 133 mukwati mwake (counties).
Lahnstein
Lahnstein ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Lahr
Lahr ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Howard County, Texas
Howard County, Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Celorico de Basto
Celorico de Basto ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Phiri la Chisangesi
Phiri la Chisangesi ni phiri mu Zambia. Mpande yili kumafumiro gha dazi kwa charu ichi, mtunda wa makilomita 600 kumpoto-mafumiro gha dazi kwa Lusaka.
Phiri la Chisangesi yili kumpoto kwa Thangali.
Hörsching
Hörsching ni msumba mu chigaŵa cha Upper Austria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Pöls-Oberkurzheim
Pöls-Oberkurzheim ni msumba mu boma la Styria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Ng'andu Peter Magande
Ng'andu Peter Magande, nkhwantha ya vyachum a, wakaŵa nduna ya vya ndalama na ndondomeko ya chalo cha Zambia kufuma mu 2003 mpaka 2008. Wakateŵeteranga mu Nyumba ya Malamulo ya chigaŵa cha Chilanga kufuma mu 2006 m'paka mu 2010 ndipo wakaŵa Chairman wa MMD Party Committee on Economy and Finance.
Harrison County, Texas
Harrison County, Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Ng'andu Peter Magande
Ntchito
Wakasambira ku Namaila, Chikankata na Munali Schools pambere wandalute ku University of Zambia, uko wakasambira Economics and Mathematics mu 1970. Wakamba ntchito yake mu 1971 nga ni cadet mu Zambia civil service, ndipo wakafumako kuya ku Makerere University ku Kampala, Uganda, uko wakachita digiri ya Master of Science mu Agricultural Economics. Kufuma mu chaka cha 1972 mpaka 1980 wakaŵa economist mu Ministry of Rural Development, ndipo pamasinda wakaŵa Deputy Secretary for Economics of the Zambia National Service, na director of budget mu Ministry of Finance. Kufuma mu 1983-1986, wakaŵa Secretary Permanent ku Ministry of Commerce, Industry & Trade, Ministry of Decentralization (Central Province), Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development, na National Commission for Development Planning.
Wakatumika ku boma kufuma ku boma, kufuma mu Disembala 1986 - Malichi 1991, wakaŵa Managing Director, Lima Bank Limited, banki ya chitukuko iyo yikaŵa kuti yalembeka waka. Kufuma apo, wakazgoka Executive Director, Industrial Development Corporation Of Zambia (INDECO), ndipo, kufuma mu Novembala 1991 mpaka Meyi 1993, Managing Director, Zambia National Commercial Bank, banki yikuru chomene mu Zambia.
Preding
Preding ni msumba mu boma la Styria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Premstätten
Premstätten ni msumba mu boma la Styria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Leinfelden-Echterdingen
Leinfelden-Echterdingen ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Phiri la Namaria
Phiri la Namaria ni phiri mu Zambia. Mpande yili kumafumiro gha dazi kwa charu ichi, mtunda wa makilomita 600 kumpoto-mafumiro gha dazi kwa Lusaka.
Leimen (Baden)
Leimen (Baden) ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Irion County, Texas
Irion County, Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Nkhalamu
Nkhalamu (Panthera leo)
Lingua Franca Nova
Lingua Franca Nova, panji LFN, kweniso Elefen, ntchiyowoyero chakuwovwira icho cikapangika na C. George Boeree wa pa Yunivesite ya Shippensburg, ku Pennsylvania, ndipo ŵanyake awo ŵakugwiliskira nchito Baibolo ili ndiwo ŵali kulipanga. Viyowoyero ivi ni Chifurenchi, Chiitaliya, Chiphwitikizi, Chisipanishi, na Chikatalani. Lingua Franca Nova yili na vilembo 22 vya Chilatini na Chiayirishi. LFN njakupambana na IAL chifukwa yili na malemba ghaŵiri, nangauli malemba gha Cilatini ghakugwiliskirika ntchito chomene kuluska gha Ciriliki.
Viyowoyero vinyake ivyo vikuzunulika mu Baibolo la Lingua Franca Nova ni vya Chiromane. Nga umo viliri na viyowoyero vinandi vya Creole, Lingua Franca Nova yili na kalembero kakupusu ndipo nchipusu kusambira.
Phiri la Lupeta
Phiri la Lupeta ni phiri mu Zambia. Mpande yili kumafumiro gha dazi kwa charu ichi, mtunda wa makilomita 600 kumpoto-mafumiro gha dazi kwa Lusaka.
Lingua Franca Nova
Mbili
Boeree wakamba kupanga Lingua Franca Nova mu 1965, na cilato cakuti wapange ciyowoyero cipusu, cakupulikikwa makora ndiposo cipusu kusambira. Wakalondezga chiyowoyero cha ku Meditereniyani chakuchemeka Lingua Franca panji "Sabir". Wakagwiliskiranga ntchito Chifurenchi, Chiitaliya, Ciphwitikizi, Cisipanishi, na Cikatalani.
Phiri la Lupeta
Phiri la Lupeta yili kumpoto kwa Kapekesia.
Lingua Franca Nova
Mbili
Lingua Franca Nova yikayowoyeka kakwamba pa Intaneti mu 1998. Kasi ni Yahoo? Gulu ili likapangika mu 2002 na Bjorn Madsen, ndipo likaŵa na ŵanthu pafupifupi 300 awo ŵakawovwira chomene kuti chiyowoyero ichi chiŵepo.
Mu 2005, Stefan Fisahn wakapanga chiyowoyero ichi. Wikia wakasamukira ku Wikia mu 2009, pamanyuma pake wakasangika pa webusayiti ya boma mu 2019.
Mu 2007, Igor Vasiljevic wakapanga gulu la pa Facebook, ilo pasono lili na ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 600.
LFN yikapika mazina gha ISO 639-3 ("lfn") na SIL mu Janyuwale 2008.
Mu 2014 webusayiti yiphya yikamba kugwira ntchito pa "elefen.org": yikovwira ŵanthu kumanya umo ŵangasambizgira (nga ni mazgu gha ŵanthu awo ŵakwenda, na mabuku ghakulongosora makora kalembero) mu viyowoyero vinandi. Mabuku ghanyake agho ghali kung'anamulika mu chiyowoyero cha Lingua Franca Nova ghalipo pa webusayiti iyi.
Pa Epulero 18, 2018, Wikipedia mu Lingua Franca Nova, yakucemeka "Vicipedia", yikamba kugwira nchito nga ni pulojekiti ya Wikipedia.
Pa Meyi 15, 2020 pa Webusayiti ndipo pa Meyi 10, 2021 mu mtundu wosindikizidwa buku loyamba loyambirira lolembedwa mu Lingua Franca Nova lidasindikizidwa: La xerca per Pahoa, lolembedwa ndi Vicente Costalago.
Pa Janyuwale 5, 2021, C. George Boeree, wakafwa na kansa ya pancreatic apo wakaŵa na vilimika 68..
Ma vawelu
Lingua Franca Nova yili na mavowel ghankhondi nga ni Cisipanishi, Cigiriki, na Cihebere.
Orthography
Viyowoyero ivi ni ai, au, eu, na oi (nga umo vikuŵira na mazgu ghakuti my, cow, "eh-w", na boy).