cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Nyasaland
Mayendelo
Kufuma waka apo Livingstone wakendera charu ichi mu 1859, nthowa za maji za ku Zambesi, Shire, na Nyanja ya Nyasa zikawonekanga nga ni nthowa yiwemi chomene yakwendera ku Nyasaland. Malo gha Zambesi-Lower Shire na Upper Shire-Lake Nyasa ghakaŵa kutali chomene, ghakaŵa makilomita 80 mu Middle Shire. Malo ghakurughakuru gha vyamalonda gha boma la Blantyre na Shire Highlands ghakaŵa pa mtunda wa makilomita 40 kufuma ku Shire. M'paka mu 1914, maboti gha matani 100 ghakwendeskeka na maji ghakukwana 100 panji kuchepera apa ghakaŵa pakati pa malo gha Chinde ku Zambezi na Lower Shire. Boma la Britain likapoka malo gha ku Chinde agho ghakaŵa nga ni dowoko la nyanja kwa vyaka 99, ndipo ŵanthu ŵakendangamo pa sitima za ku Union-Castle Line na German East Africa Line. Mulimo wakwendeska sitima ya Union-Castle ukambiraso pakati pa 1918 na 1922 apo dowoko la Chinde likapwetekeka na chimphepo.
Charles III
Charles wakababikila ku Buckingham Palace ngati mwana wakwamba wa chiponde Fumukazi Elizabeth II, Duchess wa Edinburgh,na Philip, Duke wa Edinburgh, ndiposo ngati mzukulu wakwamba wa Fumu George VI na  Fumukazi Elizabeth.Wkasambila pa sukulu ya Cheam na  Gordonstoun, zose izo awiske nawo ŵakasambilaposo apo ŵakaŵa ŵana. Pa umalilo wakakhala chaka pa malo gha Timbertoppa sukulu ya Geelong Grammar ku Victoria, Australia. Wati watola Bachelor of Arts degree kufuma pa sukulu yaumalilo yapachanya ya University of Cambridge, Charles wakagwila mu  Royal Air Force na Royal Navy kufuma mu  1971  mpaka 1976.Mu 1981, wakatola Mama Diana Spencer, uyo ŵakababizgana ŵana ŵawili, Prince William na Prince Harry.Mu 1996,nthengwa ikamala ŵati ŵasuzulana na vikalakala vyakuzomelezgeka.Diana wakafwila ku Paris pangozi ya galimoto apo ikagadabuka mu chaka chakuondezgapo. Mu 2005, Charles wakatola Camilla Parker Bowles uyo ŵakaŵa kuti ŵakusongana za kuseli kwa nyengo itali.
Nyasaland
Mayendelo
M'paka apo njanji iyi yikambira mu 1907, ŵanthu ŵakendanga mu maboti ghachokoghachoko ku Chiromo kuti ŵalute mtunda wa makilomita 80 m'paka ku Chikwawa. Maji gha mu Nyanja ya Nyasa ghakamara mu 1896 m'paka mu 1934. Mu 1908, doko likuru likasamukira ku Port Herald kufuma ku Chiromo. Kweni mu 1912, chikaŵa chakusuzga na chambura machitiko kugwiliskira ntchito Port Herald. Pakuti njanji iyi yikaluta ku Zambezi mu 1914, yikafika ku Lower Shire, ndipo maji ghakamara mu Upper Shire. Kweni m'paka sono, njanji iyi yikulutilira kwenda pa Nyanja ya Nyasa.
Campbell County, Virginia
Campbell County, Virginia ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Virginia mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Virginia lina tumisumba 133 mukwati mwake (counties).
Nyasaland
Mayendelo
Pa nyengo iyi, ngalaŵa zinandi izo zikendanga pa nyanja zikaŵa ku Fort Johnston. Mtengo wawo ukakwera mu 1935 apo njanji ya kumpoto kufuma ku Blantyre yikafika pa Nyanja ya Nyasa, ndipo ku Salima kukaŵa malo ghakwambira njanji ya Lake Services. Malo ghanyake gha ku nyanja ghakaŵa ghambura kukwana, ndipo misewu yiwemi yinandi yikaŵa yichoko.
Kainach bei Voitsberg
Kainach bei Voitsberg ni msumba mu boma la Styria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Nyasaland
Mayendelo
Misewu ya njanji yingawovwira kuti ŵanthu ŵendenge pa maji, ndipo pakuti Nyasaland yikaŵa pa mtunda wa makilomita ghakujumpha 320 (200 mi) kufuma ku dowoko la ku Indian Ocean, njanji yifupi iyo yikendanga ku dowoko la mu mlonga yikaŵa yiwemi chomene kuluska njanji iyo yikendanga ku mtunda. Shire Highlands Railway yikajura msewu kufuma ku Blantyre kuya ku Chiromo mu 1907 ndipo yikafika ku Port Herald, 182 km (113 mi) kufuma ku Blantyre mu 1908. Mu 1914, kampani ya British South Africa Company yikazenga njanji ya Central African Railway, comenecomene mu Mozambique, ya mtunda wa makilomita 98 kufuma ku Port Herald kuya ku Chindio kumpoto kwa mlonga wa Zambezi. Kufuma pa malo agha, katundu wakendanga pa sitima za pa milonga kuluta ku Chinde, kufuma apo wakendanga pa nyanja kuluta ku Beira. Sitima ya ku Central Africa yikaŵa yambura kuzengeka makora ndipo yikakhumbikwiranga kunozgeka.
Mu 1922 chimphepo chikuru chikapweteka chomene chirwa cha Chinde ndipo chikaŵa chakwenelera yayi kunyamura sitima zikuruzikuru. Maboti ghanyake ghakaŵa gha Beira, agho ghakazgoka dowoko likuru kukwambilira kwa vyaka vya m'ma 1900, na la Quelimane. Beira wakaŵa na ŵanthu ŵanandi, kweni mu ma 1920 vinthu vikasintha chomene. Trans-Zambezia Railway, iyo yikazengeka pakati pa 1919 na 1922, yikaŵa mtunda wa makilomita 269 (167 mi) kufuma ku mphaka ya kumwera kwa Mlonga wa Zambezi kuti yifike ku mzere ukuru kufuma ku Beira kuya ku Rhodesia. Awo ŵakambiska mulimo uwu ŵakaŵa na vyakukhumba mu dowoko la Beira, ndipo ŵakasulako mtengo wake wapachanya na uwemi wake ku Nyasaland.
Ngalaŵa iyo yikendanga pa maji ya Zambezi, iyo yikagwiliskiranga ntchito maboti ghakukunkhulira boti, yikaŵa na malo ghachoko waka ndipo yikaŵa yakutondeka kukumana na Beira. Nyengo zinyake mu chaka, mlonga uwu ukaŵanga wambura maji, ndipo nyengo zinyake ukazura. Mu 1935, boti ili likasinthika na Zambezi Bridge, ilo likaŵa litali makilomita ghakujumpha ghatatu. Mu chaka chenechichi, ŵakamalizga kusazgirako chigaŵa cha kumpoto kufuma ku Blantyre m'paka ku Nyanja ya Nyasa.
Mu 1946 pera, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakafika pa mlatho wa Zambezi na ku chigaŵa chakumpoto kwa mlatho uwu. Njanji iyi yikaŵa yakukwana yayi kunyamura katundu munandi. Ndalama izo ŵakagwiliskiranga ntchito pakusunga vinthu zikaŵa zinandi ndipo katundu wakendeskekanga mwaluŵiro yayi. Nangauli njanji iyi yikaŵa yakudura kweniso yikaŵa yambura kovwira, kweni yikaŵa nthowa yikuru yakwendeskera vinthu mu charu cha Nyasaland. Mu 1964, boma la Mozambique likapempha kuti paŵe njanji yinyake yakuya ku Nacala.
Archer County, Texas
Archer County, Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Nyasaland
Mayendelo
Mu nyengo yakwambilira ya muwuso wa Ŵaroma, misewu yikaŵa yakutowa comene, ndipo yikaŵa yakusuzga kwenda mu nyengo ya vula. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1920, misewu iyo yikaŵa yakwenelera kwendeska magalimoto yikapangika kumwera kwa charu ichi ndipo yikanjira m'malo mwa misewu iyo ŵanthu ŵakendangamo. Kweni misewu yichoko waka iyo yikendanga nyengo zose yikaŵa mu chigaŵa cha kumpoto m'paka m'ma 1930, ntheura misewu yinandi yikendanga kumwera. Ŵanthu ŵakamba kwenda pa msewu m'malo mwa njanji, kweni boma likakanizga nthowa iyi. Apo ŵakamalizganga kusazgirako njanji ya kumpoto, ŵakaleka kufiska ivyo ŵakayowoya vyakuti ku Salima kuŵe msewu wakwendamo ŵanthu ŵanandi na kunozga misewu mu chigaŵa cha Central kuti ŵawovwirepo pakukuzga chigaŵa cha Central Nyasaland na Eastern Zambia. Kwenda pa msewu kukaŵa kwakusuzga, ndipo pa nyengo iyo boma likapokera wanangwa uwu kukaŵa misewu yichoko waka..
Mu 1934, ndege zikamba kwenda mwakudumura, ndipo sabata yiliyose ndege za Rhodesian and Nyasaland Airways zikendanga kufuma ku chipatala cha ndege ku Chileka kuluta ku Salisbury. Mu 1935, msumba wa Blantyre (Chile) nawo ukaŵa ku chigaŵa cha Beira. Ndege zose zikamara mu 1940, kweni mu 1946 Central African Airways Corporation, yakukhozgeka na maboma gha Southern Rhodesia, Northern Rhodesia na Nyasaland yikambaso maulendo. Ntchito ya Salisbury na Blantyre yikaluta ku Nairobi, ndipo yikasazgirako ntchito ya Blantyre na Lilongwe na Lusaka. Wupu uwu ukazgoka Air Malawi mu 1964.
Chikhaze
Ŵanthu ŵakamba kususka muwuso wa ŵakoloni kufuma ku vigaŵa viŵiri. Cakwamba, matchalitchi gha mu Africa ghakaleka kuwusika na ŵamishonale ŵa ku Europe ndipo kwizira mu Watch Tower na magulu ghanyake, ghakasambizga visambizgo vya Cikristu ca Millenium ivyo ŵamazaza ŵakaviwonanga kuti ni vyakupusika. Caciŵiri, ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakasambizgika na ŵamishonale panji ku vyaru vinyake, ŵakakhumbanga kuti vinthu viŵayendere makora pa umoyo wawo, ŵasange ndalama zinandi, ndiposo ŵalutilire kucita ndyali kwizira mu mawupu ghakucemeka kuti "Misangano ya Ŵeneco". Vyose ivi vikaŵa vya mtende, kweni John Chilembwe wakawuska vivulupi mu 1915, kulongora kuti ŵanthu ŵa mu Africa ŵakaŵa ŵakusuzgika maghanoghano chifukwa cha chisopa chawo.
Schwelm
Schwelm ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Aransas County, Texas
Aransas County, Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Nyasaland
Chikhaze
Pamanyuma pa chigaluka cha Chilembwe, ŵanthu ŵakaleka kugazgana m'paka m'ma 1930 ndipo ŵakamba kulimbikira kuti ŵasambizge makora ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa. Kuŵa na mazaza pa ndyali kukaŵa kutali comene. Mu 1930, boma la Britain likati ŵazungu awo ŵakakhalanga kumpoto kwa Zambezi ŵangakhazikiska yayi maboma gha ŵanthu ŵachoko waka.
Boma la Southern Rhodesia likapangiska kuti paŵe Komiti ya Ufumu yakudumbiskana umo vyaru vitatu ivi viŵirenge. Nangauli ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ŵakazomerezga yayi kuti ŵaŵe mu charu cha Southern Rhodesia, kweni lipoti la komiti ya Bledisloe ilo likalembeka mu 1939 likakana yayi kuti mu charu ichi muŵengeso ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yinyake.
Charles III
Apo wakaŵa ngati ni Prince wa Wales mu 1969, Charles wakayamba kutola zintchito za Elizabeth II,mwakumutumikila. Ŵakayambiska bungwe lakuvwila ŵachinyamata lakuchemeka Prince's Trust mu 1976, kweneso ni mlala wa mabungwe  400 nga vyakuvwila. Charles wakaŵaso mlembi wa mabuku ghangapo gha nkhani. Ngati ngwa vyachilengiwa ivyo vyatizingilila, Charles wakakolelanangako na ulimi wakuthila feteleza kuluska kupanga manyowa gha ku vyakumela na chakulinga chakukhozga kuti nyengo ileke kusintha ya kawilo ka vula uko kukupangiska vinthu vinandi kunangika.Ivi wakavichita mu nyengo yakuti wakaŵa malala wa minda ya Cornwall uko kukamupangiska kutola mphoto zinandi kweneso kumanyikwaso ku mabungwe ghanandi ghakukhozgela vya chilengiwa.Charles ni munthu wakumanyikwa mlala uyo wakuzuzula uchitilo wa kusintha vyakulya kwizila pa makina.Kukhozgela kwa vya mankhawala kwa Charles kukapangiska ŵanandi kumuzuzula.
Kainbach bei Graz
Kainbach bei Graz ni msumba mu boma la Styria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Buckingham County, Virginia
Buckingham County, Virginia ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Virginia mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Virginia lina tumisumba 133 mukwati mwake (counties).
Charles III
Mbili yake,banja lake na masambilo
Charles wakababikila ku Buckingham Palace pa  14 Novembala  1948 nyengo ya  21:14,  nyengo ya ulamulili wakwa gogo ŵake a George VI, ngati ni mwana wakwamba wa  Elizabeth, Duchess wa Edinburgh, na Philip, Duke wa  Edinburgh. Wakababatizika na Archbishop wa Canterbury, Geoffrey Fisher,15 Disembala  1948.
Kufwa kwa agogo ŵake na kuvwalikika ufumu kwa anyina a Elizabeth II mu 1952 kukapangiska Charles kuŵa wakulindizga mpando wa ufumu. Ngati ni mwana mulala wa ufumu, wakayamba kuvwala mazina ghakuti Duke wa Cornwall, Duke wa Rothesay, Earl wa Carrick, Baron wa Renfrew, Lord wa Isles, na Prince na Great Steward wa  Scotland. Charles wakalurta ku mwambo wakuvwalika ufumu anyina ku Westminster Abbeypa 2 Juni 1953.
Stadtprozelten
Stadtprozelten ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Armstrong County, Texas
Armstrong County, Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Belas (Sintra)
Belas (Sintra) ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Nyasaland
Chikhaze
Chifukwa cha uheni wa boma la Southern Rhodesia, ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ŵakakhumbanga wanangwa wa ndyali, ndipo mu 1944, mawupu ghakupambanapambana gha ku malo agha ghakakolerana na kwambiska bungwe la Nyasaland African Congress (NAC). Cimoza mwa vinthu vyakwamba ivyo ŵakakhumbanga cikaŵa cakuti ŵa ku Africa ŵimilire mu wupu wakuzenga malango, ndipo ŵakazomerezga mu 1949. Kwambira mu 1946, Hastings Banda, uyo pa nyengo iyo wakakhalanga ku Britain, wakawovwira NAC pa nkhani za ndyali. Nangauli ŵakaŵawovwira, kweni ŵakalutilira yayi m'paka mu 1948, apo ŵakambiraso kusopa kwaunenesko.
Caroline County, Virginia
Caroline County, Virginia ni msumba uchoko panji nkhalwe (county pachingelezi) iyo ikusangika mu boma likulu la Virginia mu charu cha United States of America. Boma likulu la Virginia lina tumisumba 133 mukwati mwake (counties).
Nyasaland
Chikhaze
Mu 1953, boma la Rhodesia na Nyasaland likapokeka na ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakasuskanga boma ili. Mu 1953, NAC yikalimbana na wupu wa federation ndipo yikapempha kuti boma liŵe lakujiyimira palekha. Awo ŵakakolerananga na gulu ili ŵakasuskanga misonkho na malango. Kukwambilira kwa chaka cha 1954, boma likamazga kampeni yake ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakaleka kulithaska. Pakati pajumpha nyengo yicoko waka, boma la Britain likayezga kupoka mazaza pa vinthu vya mu Africa kufuma ku ofesi ya British Colonial Office. Kweniso likasintha vinthu vinyake ivyo Britain likakhumbanga kuzakacita pamanyuma pa nkhondo.
Mu 1955, ofesi ya Colonial Office yikazomera fundo ya kazembe wa Nyasaland yakuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ŵaŵepo mu wupu wakuzenga malango kufuma pa ŵanthu ŵatatu kufika pa ŵanthu ŵankhondi. Pakuti mipingo iyi yikapokeleranga ivyo ŵanthu ŵakakhumbanga, yikapika mwaŵi wa kwimika ŵanthu ŵa mu wupu wakulamulira. Ici cikacitika mu 1956 apo Henry Chipembere na Kanyama Chiume, ŵaŵiri ŵa mu wupu wa Congress, ŵakasankhika pamoza na ŵanthu ŵatatu ŵakuzika, kusazgapo ŵanthu ŵaŵiri awo ŵakakolerana na wupu wa Congress. Ivi vikapangiska kuti mu 1956 na 1957, chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu ŵa mu Congress chikure mwaluŵiro.
Ŵabali ŵachoko waka ŵa African Congress ku Nyasaland ŵakagomezganga chomene yayi ivyo T. D. T. Banda, mulongozgi wawo wakachitanga. Dr. Banda wakapharazga kuti wawelerenge mu caru ici usange wapika mazaza gha kuwusa mu Congress. Pamanyuma pa phangano ili, wakawelera ku Nyasaland mu Julayi 1958 ndipo T D T Banda wakafumiskika.
Kujilamulila
Ŵalongozgi ŵa Banda na ŵa Congress Party ŵakamba kampeni yakulimbana na federeeshoni, kuti paŵe kusintha kwa malango gha boma. Pakuti ŵanthu ŵakasuskanga malango gha boma pa nkhani ya kulima, pakaŵa ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakasuskanga. Mu Janyuwale 1958, Banda wakapeleka fundo za kusintha malango ku boma kwa kazembe, Sir Robert Armitage. Ŵakakhumbanga kuti mu wupu wakulongozga muŵe ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Africa.
Kazembe wakakana fundo izi, ndipo cifukwa ca kuleka kwendera fundo za boma, mu Nyumba ya Malamulo mukaŵa fundo yakuti ŵanthu ŵambeso kususka boma. Apo ŵalondezgi ŵa Congress ŵakamba kuŵa ŵankhaza comene ndipo ŵalongozgi ŵa Congress ŵakamba kuyowoya vinthu vyakukhuŵazga, Armitage wakakana kucita vinthu vinyake kweni wakanozgekera kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakakike. Pa Febuluwale 21, ŵasilikari ŵa ku Europe ŵa ku Rhodesia Regiment ŵakanjira mu charu cha Nyasaland ndipo mu mazuŵa ghakulondezgapo, ŵapolisi na ŵasilikari ŵakamba kuwukira ŵanthu awo ŵakambiska viwawa mu malo ghanandi, ndipo ŵanthu ŵanayi ŵakafwa.
Pakughanaghana za kukora ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakaŵa mu wupu wa Congress, Armitage wakakhwaskika na lipoti ilo ŵapolisi ŵakapokera kufuma kwa munthu munyake uyo wakaŵaphalira za ungano wa ŵalongozgi ŵa Congress uko, mulongozgi wa Special Branch wakayowoya kuti ŵakakhumbanga kukoma ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe na Asia, kweniso ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakasuskanga Congress. Pakaŵavya ukaboni wakuti pakaŵa pulani yiliyose, ndipo boma la Nyasaland likakana kuchitapo kanthu mwaluŵiro kwimikana na Banda panji ŵalongozgi ŵanyake ŵa Congress kweni likalutilira kuyowoyeskana nawo mpaka kuumaliro wa February.
Pa ungano wa Nyumba ya Commons pa 3 Malichi 1959, zuŵa ilo boma likapharazgira dango la vyakofya, Alan Lennox-Boyd, Secretary of Colonial Affairs, wakati vikamanyikwa makora kuti boma likakhumbanga kukoma ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Europe, Asia, na ku Africa. Uwu ukaŵa ulendo wakwamba kuti ŵanthu ŵayowoyepo vya kukoma munthu, ndipo pamasinda, mu nkhani yeneyiyi, Julian Amery, uyo wakaŵa nduna ya boma pa ofesi ya Colonial Office, wakakhozgera ivyo Lennox-Boyd wakayowoya, wakati kuli "... chiŵembu cha kukoma munthu" na "kukoma ŵanthu ŵanandi... ku Kenya".
Komiti ya Devlin yikadandawura comene cifukwa ca "ndondomeko ya kukoma ŵanthu", iyo yikakayikira usange yikaŵako nadi. Komiti iyi yikayowoyaso kuti Banda wakamanyanga yayi ivyo ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵa mu Congress ŵakayowoyanga vyakukhwaskana na kuwukira ŵa ku Europe.
Barrancos
Barrancos ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Nyasaland
Kujilamulila
Pa ŵanthu aŵa, 20 ŵakakomeka ku Nkhata Bay uko ŵakayidi ŵa ku Northern Region ŵakakhalanga pambere ŵandasamuskike kumwera. Mulongozgi munyake wa boma wakakhwimiska ŵanthu ŵanandi kuti ŵawunganenge kuti ŵafwatuke. Ŵasilikari awo ŵakeneranga kufika mu tawuni iyi kukwambilira kwa Malichi 3 ŵakacedwa, ndipo ŵakati ŵafika, mulara wa boma uyo wakawona kuti vinthu vyamba kwenda makora, wakaŵaphalira kuti ŵabombe. Ŵanthu ŵanyake 12 ŵakakomeka m'paka pa 19 March, comenecomene apo ŵasilikari ŵa Royal Rhodesia Regiment panji Kings African Rifles ŵakajura moto pa ŵanthu awo ŵakacitanga viwawa. Ŵanthu ŵanyake 51 awo ŵakafwa ŵakafwa pa nkhondo iyo yikacitika ku Northern Region. Gulu ili likakanizgika mu 1958 ndipo mu 1959 likambaso kucemeka Malawi Congress Party.
Pamanyuma pa suzgo iyi, komiti iyo yikadangiliranga na Lord Devlin yikavumbura maubudi gha boma la Nyasaland. Wupu uwu ukati ntchakukhumbikwa kuŵika dango la vyakofya kuti paŵeso bata na kulekeska kuti vinthu vileke kunangika, kweni ukadandawura na ivyo ŵapolisi na ŵasilikari ŵakachita. Likakana kuti pali "ciŵembu" cilicose, kweni likati:
Chithunzi:Chitukuko
Lipoti ili likati boma la Nyasaland laleka kukhozgeka na ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa. Paumaliro, likayowoya kuti boma la Britain likwenera kudumbiskana na ŵalongozgi ŵa mu Africa za ivyo vicitikenge munthazi. Lipoti la Komiti ya Devlin ndilo likaŵa ciyelezgero cimoza pera ca mweruzgi wa ku Britain uyo wakawonanga usange ivyo boma la atsamunda likacita pakukoma ŵanthu ŵakususka vikaŵa vyakwenelera. Ivyo Devlin wakayowoya vyakuti boma likagwiliskira ntchito nkhongono zinandi kweniso kuti charu cha Nyasaland chikaŵa "chigaŵa cha ŵapolisi", vikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵambuke mu ndyali. Lipoti lake likakanika ndipo boma likamba kuŵika dango la vyakofya m'paka mu Juni 1960.
Pakwamba, boma la Britain likayezga kukhazikiska mtende mwa kwimika ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵa ku Africa (awo ŵakaŵa ŵakukolerana na Malawi Congress Party yayi) mu wupu wa malango. Mwaluŵiro likadumura kuti wupu wa Rhodesia na Nyasaland ungalutilira yayi. Wakawuskika pa Disembala 31, 1963, kweni pambere ivi vindachitike wakaleka kuŵa na ntchito ku Nyasaland. Kweniso likadumura kuti charu cha Nyasaland na Northern Rhodesia viŵe na boma lakwenelera. Banda wakafumiskika mu Epulero 1960 ndipo ŵakamuchema ku London kuti ŵakadumbiskane vya boma lakwenelera.
Pamanyuma pa chipani cha Malawi Congress Party kutonda pa mavoti gha mu August 1961, Banda na banthu ŵanyake ŵanayi ŵa Malawi Congress Party panji awo ŵakamukhozganga ŵakakanjira mu Executive Council nga nduna zakusoleka pamoza na banthu ŵankhondi. Pamanyuma pa ungano wa malango uwo ukacitikira ku London mu 1962, charu cha Nyasaland chikaŵa na boma lakujiwusa wekha. Boma la Malawi likamba kujiyimira palokha pa 6 July 1964 ndipo Banda wakaŵa nduna yikuru.Ndipo chalo ichi chikazgoka Republic of Malawi, chalo icho chili mukati mwa Commonwealth, pa 6 July 1966, na Banda kuŵa president.
Mbiri ya boma
Kufuma mu 1953 m'paka mu 1964, charu cha Nyasaland chikakolerana na vyaru vya Northern Rhodesia na Southern Rhodesia.
Ukaboni
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Stadtlohn
Stadtlohn ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Judenburg
Judenburg ni msumba mu boma la Styria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Barrosas
Barrosas ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Schwarzenberg/Erzgeb.
Schwarzenberg/Erzgeb. ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Stadtroda
Stadtroda ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Armação de Pêra
Armação de Pêra ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Kapfenberg
Kapfenberg ni msumba mu boma la Styria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Bailey County, Texas
Bailey County, Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Benavente, Portugal
Benavente, Portugal ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Stadt Wehlen
Stadt Wehlen ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Kammern im Liesingtal
Kammern im Liesingtal ni msumba mu boma la Styria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Anne, Fumukazi
Anne, Fumukazi (Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise; kubabika pa 15 Ogasiti 1950),ni mwana wachiŵili kweneso mwana yekha mwanakazi wa Fumukazi Elizabeth II na Prince Philip, Fumu ya Edinburgh, na mdumbu yekha wa Fumu Charles III. Anne wali pa mzele wa nambala 16 kukhala pa mpando wa chifumu waku Briatain ndipo wakhala fumukazi Royal kufuma 1987.
Kubabika pa Nyumba yaClarence, Anne wakasambila pa Benenden Sukulu ndipo wakayamba ntchito za ufumu wati wakula.Wakaŵa mkwela hachi (mbunda) wakumaya ndipo wakawina vikho vingapo kusazgapo chimoza cha golide mu 1971 na viŵili vya siliva mu1975 pa European Eventing Championships.Mu 1976, wakaŵa munthu wakwamba waufumu waku Britain kutolapo luwande ma maseŵela gha vyakuchimbila na vya maluso (Olympic Games).
Kalsdorf bei Graz
Kalsdorf bei Graz ni msumba mu boma la Styria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Staßfurt
Staßfurt ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Anne, Fumukazi
Anne wakatengwa kwa Captain Mark Phillips mu 1973; ŵakalekana mu 1989 ndipo ŵakasuzulana mu 1992. Ŵalikubabizgana ŵana ŵaŵili, Zara na Peter Phillips, na ŵazukulu 5 ŵa ŵana ŵawo.
Mukati mwa mwezi wawo wakusuzulana, Anne wakatengwa kwa Commander (paumalilo Vice Admiral) Sir Timothy Laurence, uyo ŵakasangana waka apo anyina ŵakavwilikanga mu 1986 na 1989.
Mu 1988, Fumukazi Anne wakaŵa membala wa International Olympic Committee (IOC).
Kalwang
Kalwang ni msumba mu boma la Styria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Mpira wa Mwanda
Mpira wa Mwanda ni malo ghapachanya chomene ku Mbazi, Chama, Zambia. Ili pafupi na mphaka na Malawi, ku chigaŵa chakumpoto-mafumiro gha dazi cha chigaŵa cha Eastern Province.
Stadtoldendorf
Stadtoldendorf ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Staufen im Breisgau
Staufen im Breisgau ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Arranhó
Arranhó ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Austin County, Texas
Austin County, Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Baylor County, Texas
Baylor County, Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Chindindindi cha ku Turkey na Syria mu 2023
Pa 6 February 2023, pa 04:17 TRT (01:17 UTC), chindindindi cha M 7.8 chikasunkhunya kumwera na pakati kwa Turkey na kumpoto na kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Syria.. Malo agha ghakaŵa pa mtunda wa makilomita 32 kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Gaziantep. Chindindindi ichi chikaŵa na nkhongono ya Mercalli ya XI (Extreme), ndipo chikalondezgana na chindindindi cha M 7.7 pa 13:24. Chindindindi ichi chikachitika pa mtunda wa makilomita 95 (59 mi) kumpoto-m'mafumiro gha dazi kwa chigaŵa chakwamba, mu chigaŵa cha Kahramanmaraş. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakakomeka.
Chindindindi cha M 7.8 ndicho chikaŵa chankhongono chomene mu Turkey kufuma apo chikachitikira ku Erzincan mu 1939 ndipo chikaŵa chakukhora chomene. Cikaŵa cinyake mwa vindindindi vikuru comene ivyo vikacitikapo mu vyaru vya ku Levant. Likapulikikwa m'paka ku Eguputo, Israyeli, Palestina, Lebanoni, Kipro, na mumphepete mwa Nyanja Yiswesi ku Turkey. Mu masabata ghatatu ghakulondezgapo, kukachitika vindindindi vinyake vyakujumpha 10,000. Vinthu ivi vikacitika cifukwa ca kuzgoka kwa maji.
Vinthu vikaparanyika chomene pa malo ghakujumpha 350,000 km2 (pafupifupi malo ghakukwana maulendo 12 kufuma ku Belgium). Ŵanthu pafupifupi 14 miliyoni, panji kuti 16 peresenti ya ŵanthu wose ŵa ku Turkey, ŵakakhwaskika. Ŵanthu awo ŵakumanya vya vinthu vya ku caru ca United Nations ŵakati ŵanthu pafupifupi 1.5 miliyoni ŵakasoŵa pakukhala.
Misewu iyo yikanangika, chimphepo cha mu nyengo ya chiwuvi, na kutondeka kwendera lumoza, vikapangiska kuti mulimo wa kuponoska na kovwira awo ŵakakhwaskika na masoka wa AFAD uleke kwenda makora. Ku Turkey, ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 141,000 ŵakufuma mu vyaru 94 ŵakawovwirapo.
Vya pa charu
Chindindindi ichi chikachitika pafupi na malo agho ghakukolerana pakati pa Anatolia, Arabia, na Africa. Malo na nthowa iyo chindindindi ichi chikachitikira vikukolerana na malo agho chikachitikira. Chigaŵa cha East Anatolian Fault chikovwira kuti charu cha Turkey chijumphe kumanjiliro gha dazi na kunjira mu Nyanja ya Aegean, apo chigaŵa cha Dead Sea Transform chikovwira kuti chigaŵa cha Arabia chijumphe kumpoto.
Chigaŵa chakumafumiro gha dazi kwa Anatolia ni chigaŵa chakumafumiro gha dazi na kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi uko kuli mphaka pakati pa Anatolia na Arabia. Ku chigaŵa cha kumafumiro gha dazi, chigaŵa ichi chikuchepa pa 10 mm (0.39 inchi) pa chaka. Mu 1789 (M 7.2), 1795 (M 7.0), 1872 (M 7.2), 1874 (M 7.1), 1875 (M 6.7), 1893 (M 7.1), na 2020 (Template:M 6.8) kukaŵa vindindindi vikuru. Vipasi ivi vikaphulika mu vigaŵa vyakupambanapambana. Ku chigaŵa cha kumafumiro gha dazi kwa charu ichi kuli chindindindi cha Palu na Pütürge. Ku chigaŵa cha Pazarcık na Amanos kumanjiliro gha dazi kuli vindindindi vya vyaka 237 na 772 kweniso vyaka 414 na 917. Malo agha ndigho ghakwimira malo ghaŵiri ghakuru chomene ku Turkey.
Mwakupambana na chigaŵa cha North Anatolian Fault icho chikachitika na vindindindi vikuruvikuru 11 mu vyaka vya m'ma 1900, chigaŵa cha East Anatolian Fault chikaŵa chamtende. Vipinda vya Palu-Sincik na Çelikhan-Türkoglu vikaŵa na mphepo. Kufuma apo chindindindi chikuru chikachitikira, maji ghakukwera kufika pa mamita 1.5 na mamita 5.2. Vinthu ivi vyawunjika nkhongono zinandi mwakuti vingapangiska vindindindi. Chigaŵa cha Palu ̇Sincik chili na makilomita 135, ndipo chili na chigaŵa cha Palu ̇Sivrice (50 km (31 mi)) na Sivrice ̇Sincik (85 km (53 mi)). Mu 1874 na 1875, kukachitika vindindindi mu chigaŵa cha Palu-Sincik. Chigaŵa cha Çelikhan-Türkoglu chili na utali wa makilomita 140. Chindindindi chikuru chaumaliro icho chikachitika pa chigaŵa cha Çelikhan-Türkoglu chikachitika mu 1513.
Chigaŵa cha East Anatolian chikukumana na chigaŵa cha North Anatolian ku Karlıova Triple Junction mu chigaŵa cha Karlıova mu chigaŵa cha Bingöl. Pafupifupi 60 km (37 mi) kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kukaŵa malo agho kukachitika chindindindi cha Bingöl mu 2003. Chinthu ichi chikachitika yayi pa East Anatolian Fault. Chindindindi cha magnitude 7.1 chikachitika kumpoto cha kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Bingöl mu 1971.
Chigaŵa cha Nyanja Yakufwa chikwenda kumpoto na kumwera kufuma ku Nyanja Yiswesi m'paka ku Marash Triple Junction, uko chikukumana na East Anatolian Fault. Ku chigaŵa cha kumpoto kwa chigaŵa icho chili kumwera kwa Turkey, kukachitika vindindindi vikuruvikuru 14. Sonosono apa, kukachitika vindindindi vikuruvikuru viŵiri mu 1822 na 1872. Chindindindi cha mu 1872 chikakoma ŵanthu pafupifupi 1,800. Vindindindindi ivyo vikachitika mu 115, 526, 587, 1170 na 1822 vikakoma ŵanthu ŵanandi.
Vinthu vyakofya
Malo agho kukachitika chindindindi pa Febuluwale 6 ghakukhala waka chete. Kufuma waka mu 1905, kukachitika vindindindi vinkhondi pera (1905, 1945, 1986, 1998) ivyo vikaŵa vikuru chomene. Chindindindi chikuru chomene icho chikachitika pa Janyuwale 24, 2020, chikaŵa chakumpoto cha kumafumiro gha dazi kwa chindindindi icho chikachitika pa Febuluwale 6. Vinthu vyose ivi vikachitika kufupi na East Anatolian Fault. Nangauli chivomezi cha Febuluwale 6 chikachitika mu chigaŵa icho chikaŵa pakatikati pa charu, kweni kumwera kwa Turkey na kumpoto kwa Syria kukachitika kale vindindindi vikuru. Aleppo, msumba ukuru comene waciŵiri mu Syria, ukaparanyika kanandi waka na vindindindi vikuru, nangauli malo na ukuru wa vindindindi ivi tingamanya waka. Mu 1138 ku Aleppo kukachitika chindindindi chikuru icho chikaŵa na nkhongono ya 7.1 ndipo mu 1822 chikaŵa na nkhongono ya 7.0. Ŵanthu ŵakukwana 60,000 ŵakafwa pa chindindindi cha mu 1822. Mu 1114, mu msumba wa Marash mukachitika chindindindi icho chikakoma ŵanthu 40,000. Vindindindindi vikuru ivyo vikachitika ku Middle East mu 856, 1033 na 1754 vikakoma ŵanthu 200,000, 70,000 na 40,000.
Seismogram
Cinthu ico cikapangiska kuti munthu watenthemere cikaŵa cinthu cambura kusunkhunyika. Ŵakaŵa pa malo agho ghakaŵa pafupi na malo ghakupambanapambana.
Chindindindi ichi chikaŵa chankhongono chomene kuluska vyose ivyo vikachitikapo mu Turkey. Chivomezi ichi chikachitika mu chaka cha 1668 ku North Anatolia, ndipo pa charu chose chapasi chikaŵa chankhongono chomene kufuma mu Ogasiti 2021.
Seismogram
Pa 10:24 UTC, chindindindi icho chikapima Template:M7.5 kuyana na USGS, Template:M7.6 kuyana na KOERI, panji Template:M7.7 kuyana na Geoscope na GCMT. Kuyana na Geoscope, yikaŵa yakuzika makilomita 13, ndipo KOERI yikaŵa yakuzika makilomita 5. Chindindindi ichi chikaŵa pa 38°04′54′′N 37°10′38′′E / 38.0818°N 37.1773°E kuyana na KOERI na 38°01′26′′N 37°12′11′′E / 38.024°N 37.203°E kuyana na USGS. Likaphulika pa malo ghakupambanapambana gha kumpoto na kumwera. Kufuma apo, kukachitika chindindindi chinyake. Chindindindi chachiŵiri chikalutilira pa Febuluwale 9.
Kuzgoka
Mu maora 24 kufuma apo chindindindi ichi chikachitikira, pakachitika vibingu vinyake vyakujumpha 570. Chindindindi cha M 7.7 chikapangiska kuti paŵe chindindindi. Nkhwantha iyi yikati yafika pa malo agha, yikapulika chimphepo chikuru. Mu maora 6 kufuma apo chindindindi chikuru chikachitikira, kukachitika vindindindi vikuruvikuru 25. Pakati pajumpha maora ghakujumpha 12, USGS yikati pakaŵa vindindindi 54 vya ukuru wa 4.3 panji kujumpha apa, apo wupu wa Turkey Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency (AFAD) ukati pakaŵa vindindindi vyakujumpha 120. Chindindindi cha M6.3 chikachitika kufupi na Uzunbağ mu chigaŵa cha Hatay pa Febuluwale 20.
Wasayansi munyake wa pa Seismology Research Centre ku Australia wakati vindindindi vikuru vizamulutilira kwa chaka chimoza. Ndipouli, para kwachitika chindindindi chikuru, chindindindi ichi chikulutilira mazuŵa panji masabata ghanandi.
Seismology
Harold Tobin, mulara wa Pacific Northwest Seismic Network ndiposo pulofesa wa pa Yunivesite ya Washington, wakati East Anatolian Fault yili na mbiri yakale ya vindindindi ndipo yikumanyikwa kuti ni malo ghakofya chomene. Kwamba kale, pa malo agha palije chindindindi chikuru kuluska 7.0. Kweni kale kukaŵa vindindindi vikuruvikuru ivyo vikaŵa na nkhongono ya 7.4. Tobin wakati vindindindi ivyo vikacitika pa Febuluwale 6 vikaŵa "vikuru comene kuluska umo tikaghanaghaniranga". Wakasazgirapo kuti ni viŵi yayi kuti para munthu wapwetekeka pa malo ghanyake wapwetekeso ghanyake. Vinthu ivyo vikapangiska kuti ku California kuŵe vindindindi vikamba chifukwa cha kupasuka kwa malo ghaŵiri.
Mtundu wakupangika na USGS ukulongora kuti chindindindi cha M7.8 chikaphulika vigaŵa vitatu vya mphinjika na utali wakukwana 40 km (25 mi) × 30 km (19 mi) (Chigaŵa 1), >175 km (109 mi) × 30 km (19 mi) (Chigaŵa 2) na >160 km (99 mi) × 20 km (12 mi) (Chigaŵa 3). Kuphulika uku kukufuma mu chigaŵa 1 ndipo kukufuma mu chigaŵa 2. Likamba kuphulika kumpoto ca kumafumiro gha dazi mumphepete mwa Cigaŵa ca 2 na kumwera ca kumanjiliro gha dazi mumphepete mwa Cigaŵa ca 3. Chindindindi ichi chikapangiska kuti maji ghasolere mtunda wa mamita 11.2 (37 ft) mu chigaŵa cha 2, kusi kwa Sakarya mu chigaŵa cha Kahramanmaraş, kumpoto kwa kumafumiro gha dazi kwa malo agho ghakusanganako na chigaŵa cha 1. Chigaŵa chinyake icho chikaŵa pa mtunda wa mamita 4.96 chikaŵa kumpoto cha kumafumiro gha dazi, kumpoto cha kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Adıyaman.
Chindindindi icho chikachitika pakati pajumpha maora ghankhondi na ghatatu, chikaphulika. Kuphulika uku kukamba mu cigaŵa ca 1 ndipo kukafika pa cigaŵa ca 3 kumafumiro gha dazi na cigaŵa ca 2 kumanjiliro gha dazi. Chigaŵa cha 1 ni mphinjika ya kumafumiro gha dazi na kumanjiliro gha dazi iyo yili na utali × usani wa makilomita 70 × makilomita 20. Cigaŵa caciŵiri cikulimbana na kumafumiro gha dazi, kumpoto ca kumafumiro gha dazi, kumanjiliro gha dazi na kumwera ca kumanjiliro gha dazi, ndipo cacitatu cikulimbana na kumpoto ca kumafumiro gha dazi na kumanjiliro gha dazi. Chigaŵa cha 2 na cha 3 vili na utali × ufupi wa makilomita >40 (25 mi) × > makilomita 20 (12 mi) na ~80 km (50 mi) × > makilomita 20 (12 mi), mwakulondezgana. Pa chigaŵa cha 1 pakaŵa mtunda wa mamita 11.4.
Vyakwananga
Wasayansi munyake wa vyapasi wa ku Middle East Technical University wakati chindindindi chakwamba cha M>7 chikwenera kuti chikaphulika mu vigaŵa vinandi mumphepete mwa East Anatolian Fault. Malo agha ndigho ghali kumpoto comene kwa Nyanja Yakufwa. Chivundikirochi chikupita ku East Anatolian Fault; chimafalikira kumwera chakumadzulo kudutsa Amanos ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kudutsa magawo a Pazarcık-Erkenek. Ŵasayansi ŵa pa Yunivesite ya Istanbul ŵakati mu nyengo ya chindindindi chakwamba, pakaŵa mabowo ghankhondi. Pulofesa munyake wa pa yunivesite iyi wakati nangauli East Anatolian Fault ndiyo yikaŵa yikuru chomene, kweni pakaŵaso vinyake ivyo vikabwangasuka. Wasayansi munyake wa pa California Institute of Technology wakati chigaŵa cha East Anatolian Fault icho chili pa mtunda wa makilomita 55 pakati pa 2023 na 2020 chikaŵa kuti chindapwetekeke. Chimphepo cha M 6.8 icho chikachitika maminiti 11 pamanyuma ndipo kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa malo ghakwambilira gha M>7 chikwenera kuti chikaphulika mumphepete mwa Salçagöz Fault.
Chindindindi chachiŵiri cha M>7 chikamba pa malo ghanyake agho ghakumanyikwa kuti Çardak'Sürgü Fault Zone. Chinthu ichi ntchigaŵa cha East Anatolian Fault yayi, kweni ntchigaŵa chinyake cha kumanjiliro gha dazi. Chivundikirocho chinafalikira kum'mawa kwa Malatya kudutsa kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Doğanşehir Fault Zone. Kweniso chivundungwele chikafika kumwera ku chigaŵa cha kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Çardak-Sürgü Fault Zone. Utali wose wa malo agha ukaŵa makilomita 160. Wasayansi munyake zina lake Ross Stein wakati chindindindi ichi chikaŵa "chinthu chambura kunozgekera". Chindindindi chakwamba chikati chachitika, chivundikiro cha Sürgü na Çardak chikamara..
Surface rupture
Vithuzithuzi ivyo Sentinel-1 yikajambura pambere chindindindi chindachitike na pamanyuma pake, vikulongora kuti pakaŵa malo ghaŵiri agho ghakapasuka. Chivomezi chakwamba chikaŵa na mtunda wa makilomita 300, ndipo chachiŵiri chikaŵa na mtunda wa makilomita 125.
Ku chigaŵa cha East Anatolian Fault kukaŵa chivundungwele. Kuyana na AFAD, malo agha ghakaŵa ghakutali pafupifupi makilomita 400. Likamba kumpoto kwa Antakya, chigaŵa cha Hatay kulazga ku Pazarcık, chigaŵa cha Kahramanmaraş na Gölbaşı, chigaŵa cha Adıyaman. Ku mpoto kwa matawuni agha, maji ghakalutilira kuphulika. Mu chigodobu cha Amik mukaŵa maji ghanandi. Chigaŵa chakumanjiliro gha dazi kwa chiŵanja cha ndege cha Hatay chikapwetekeka chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa malo. Mlonga ukuru ukaparanyika ndipo ukayambiska maji ghanandi mu chigaŵa cha Amik Valley icho kale chikaŵa Nyanja ya Amik. Kuwona ivyo vikucitika mu malo agha, kukulongora kuti malo agho ghakukhalako ghakukwana mamita 7.3. Ŵasayansi ŵakamanya kuti pa malo agha pakaŵa chivundungwele cha makilomita 15 icho chikaŵa kumwera kwa Pazarcik. Kufuma ku Golbasi kuya ku Nurdağı, malo ghakaŵa gha mamita 5.
Chivundungwele ichi nchimoza mwa vivundungwele vikuru comene pa caru cose, ndipo nchakuyanako na cindindindi ca mu 1906 ico cikacitika mu San Francisco. Pulofesa munyake wa sayansi ya charu ku King Abdullah University of Science and Technology ku Saudi Arabia wakati chindindindi ichi chikwenera kuti chikachitika pa mtunda wa makilomita 300. Ŵanthu ŵakughanaghana kuti maji agha ghakaphulika kufuma ku East Anatolian Fault na ku Dead Sea Transform. Shinji Toda, uyo wakusanda vya vindindindi pa Yunivesite ya Tohoku, wakati ni "chitenthe chankhongono comene" ca mu vyaka ivi.
Kale kukaŵa vindindindi vikuru ivyo vikachitikanga mu vigaŵa vya mukati mwa charu. Mu 1905, vindindindi viŵiri vya mu charu cha Mongolia vikachitika. Ungano uwu ukamba na chindindindi cha ku Tsetserleg. Chindindindi cha Bulnay, icho chikachitika mazuŵa 14 pamanyuma, chikapangiska kuti chivundungwele chakumafumiro gha dazi na kumanjiliro gha dazi. Mu 2002, mu Alaska mukachitika chindindindi chakuchemeka Template:M7.9. Chindindindi ichi chikaphulika mu Denali na Totschunda, ndipo chikapangiska kuti pa vigaŵa vyose viŵiri ivi paŵe chivundungwele cha mtunda wa makilomita 340. Mu 1976, chindindindi cha M7.5 chikaphulika pa mtunda wa makilomita 250 (160 mi) kufuma ku Motagua Fault ku Guatemala.
Kusuntha kwa nthaka
Vinthu ivyo vikupangiska chindindindi ichi kuŵa chikuru chomene ni chindindindi icho chili na nkhongono ya 11. Vinthu vinyake ivyo vikachitika pafupi na malo agha vikaŵa vyakukwera chomene. Maofesi ghatatu gha USGS, ghaŵiri ku Antakya na limoza ku Hassa, ghakawona kuti charu chikusunkhunyika chomene. Mu tawuni ya Hassa ŵakalembapo 0.9082 g pa malo gha pasi (pga) na 215.34 cm/s pa malo gha pasi. Mauthenga gha pa siteshoni iyi ghakakolerana na nkhongono ya Mercalli ya X (Extreme). Pa malo agha pakaŵa malo ghakuchemeka Fevzipaşa.
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Barroselas
Barroselas ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Kaindorf
Kaindorf ni msumba mu boma la Styria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Bexar County, Texas
Bexar County, Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Arouca, Portugal
Arouca, Portugal ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Arruda dos Vinhos
Arruda dos Vinhos ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Staufenberg (Hesse)
Staufenberg (Hesse) ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Arronches
Arronches ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Kindberg
Kindberg ni msumba mu boma la Styria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Schenefeld (Kreis Pinneberg)
Schenefeld (Kreis Pinneberg) ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
St. Blasien
St. Blasien ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Bowie County, Texas
Bowie County, Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Stein (Mittelfranken)
Stein (Mittelfranken) ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Kapfenstein
Kapfenstein ni msumba mu boma la Styria mu charu cha Austria mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya (Europe).
Stavenhagen
Stavenhagen ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Bakili Muluzi
Elson Bakili Muluzi (ubabiko Malichi 17, 1943 ku Machinga, Nyasaland) ni wa ndale m'Malawi wosankhika ulongozgi wa charu chose wakwamba mu ulamuliro wa vipani vinandi mu 1994 paka 2004. Wakaŵa wa pampando wa United Democratic Front (UDF) mpaka 2009. Paulongozgi wa Malaŵi pambele iye pakaŵa Hastings Kamuzu Banda ndipo wakaŵa mu kabineti yake pa nyengo iyo nangawuli wakaŵevya unkhwantha uliwose.
Mdauko wa Mulongozgi wachibili wa chalo cha Malaŵi
Elson Bakili Muluzi (wobabika Malichi 17, 1941 ku Machinga, Nyasaland) ni wandale wa ku Malawi, iye akaŵa Mlongozgi-charu wakwamba wosankhika muvisankho vyachi Demoklase. Wakaŵa Mlongozgi-charu kufuma 1994 paka 2004. Wakaŵaso wapampando-mlala wa United Democratic Front (UDF) paka 2009.
Avintes
Avintes ni msumba mu charu cha Portugal. Portugal ntcharu ico cili ku Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Europe, ndipo caru ici chikusazgapo vyaru vya Azores, Madeira, na Virwa vya Savage.
Bakili Muluzi
Mdauko wa Mulongozgi wachibili wa chalo cha Malaŵi
Iye wakalutizga ulongozgi-charu wa Malawi kwa Hastings Kamuzu Banda. Wakateŵetelaso mu kabineti ga Ministala.
Blanco County, Texas
Blanco County, Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Bakili Muluzi
Mdauko wa Mulongozgi wachibili wa chalo cha Malaŵi
Mu chaka cha 1968 Muluzi wakakakikapo chifukwa chakwiba ndalama za ku mphala (court) zakukwana £6 nyengo iyo Muluzi wakaba kalaliki (clerk) ku mphala iyo.
Muluzi wakanjila chipani cha Malaŵi Congress Party (MCP) ndipo wakatumikapo ku chalo chakuwalo kukapanga luso lwakugwiliska ntchito mathabwa (carpentry and joinery). Mu MCP Muluzi wakakwela ndipo wakabapo mulembi mulala (Administrative Secretary) wa chipani ichi. Chifukwa cha kuleka kwendeska makola chuma cha chipani, Muluzi wakachimbizgika mu chipani cha MCP ndipo wakayamba waka kuba wa malonda.
Ndyali za ku Malaŵi zikati zayamba kusintha, apo Kamuzu wakati banthu basankhe pakati pa kuti mu Malaŵi mube chipani chimoza panji vinandi, Muluzi wakaba mumoza wa banthu awo bakayamba ka gulu (Pressure Group) ka United Democratic Front ako pamoza na ka gulu kanyakhe kakuchemeka Alliance for Democracy (AFORD) bakavwilana kuphalila banthu kuti pa chisankho basankhe kuti kube vipani vinandi. Mu mwezi wachinkhondi na wumoza pa zuba la chinkhondi na chinayi (14 June) mu chaka cha 1993 banthu bakasankha kuti kube vipani vinandi ndipo gulu la UDF likazgoka chipani ndipo Muluzi ndiyo wakaba mulongozgi wa UDF.
Mu mwezi wachinkhondi (May) 1999 Muluzi wakasolekaso kuba mulongozgi wa Malaŵi kachibili pa chisankho icho banyakhe bakuti Muluzi wakibila na kuti mweneko uyo wakawina ni Gwanda Chakwamba. Mu chaka cha 2002, Muluzi wakayezeska kuti malango ya chalo cha Malaŵi yasinthike kuti mulongozgi waleke kukanizgika kukhala vyaka vyakujumpha khumi. Kweni banthu bakakwiya na ivi ndipo nanga uli wakagula bayimilili ba ku mphala ya malango ba vipani vinyakhe mphala iyi yikakana kuti mulongozgi wazomelezgeke kuba mulongozgi vyaka vyakujumpha khumi.
Muwuso wa Muluzi wukaba wa vimbundi (kuhonga) na kwiba ndalama za boma chomene. Nduna na batebeti ba boma bakapokelanga vimbundi na kwiba ndalama za boma chomene ndipo chuma cha boma chikasakazikanga chomene ndiposo vinthu vinyakhe vinandi ngeti ni misewu yikanangika chomene. Ukavu nawo mu Malaŵi wukalutilila panthazi chomene chifukwa chakuti wovwili uwo boma likapokelanga wukamalilanga mu mathumba ya batebeti ba boma. Antheura banthu banandi muMalawi bakukhumba chara kuti Muluzi panyake abo bakukwaskana naye banjileso muboma.
Wati watondeka kusintha malango ya boma kuti wabe mulongozgi vyaka vyakujumpha khumi limoza, Muluzi wakasankha Bingu wa Mutharika kuti wabe wakwimilila chipani cha UDF pa chisankho cha mulongozgi. Mumalo mwakuti banthu ba UDF ndiwo basankhe munthu uyo bakakhumbanga, Muluzi wakabasankhila ndipo banyakhe mu UDF ngeti bena Aleke Banda, Harry Thomson, Justin Malewezi (uyo wakaba wachibili kwa mulongozgi nyengo yose ya muwuso wa Muluzi) bakakwiya ndipo bakachileka chipani cha UDF. Banandi bakuti Muluzi wakasankha Mutharika chifukwa wakaghana-ghananga kuti wawusenge ndiyo chifukwa Mutharika wamuwopenge iyo Muluzi, kweni Mutharika wawoneska kuti wakupulikila Muluzi yayi.
Pa nyengo iyo Muluzi wakaba mulongozgi, wakasambazga chomene chifukwa chakuhiba nakupokera vimbundi ndiposo wakagula malo yaweme ku Chichiri apo wali kuzengapo nyumba yake iyo yikuchemeka Keza Office Park na kugula magalimoto yanandi kwambula kulipila msonkho. Muluzi ndiyo yekha pa balongozgi wose ba Malaŵi uyo wakabevye masambilo yapachanya.
Pali banthu banyake mu UDF abo bakukhumba ngeti kuti Muluzi wangayimaso mu visankho vya presidente wa Malawi mu chaka cha 2008. Kweni Muluzi wakukana kuyowopo pa nkhani iyi. Wakakana kuyowoyapo pa nkhani ya "Third Term" apo sono tikumanya kuti wakakhumbisiska kuti wayimeso mchaka chira cha 2004. Nangawuli pali mayowoyelo agha, ntchakukayikiska kuti wazamuyimaso, ndipo kuti malinga wayimaso wangazakasoleka.
Bosque County, Texas
Bosque County, Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
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Brewster County, Texas
Brewster County, Texas ni nkhalwe panji muzi uwo ukusangika mu nthavwa panji state ya Texas, mu charu cha United States of America, ku Amerika Wakumpoto.
Schifferstadt
Schifferstadt ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.
Schieder-Schwalenberg
Schieder-Schwalenberg ni msumba wakusangika mu charu cha Germany, cha pakati mu chilwa chikulu cha Ulaya.