cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Okanaiseišene
References
Okanaiseišene ya mofuta o e abela modiri mongwe le mongwe baokamedi ba ba bedi go tswa matsetsepelong a mabedi a a farologaneng. Leitsetsepelo le lengwe ke la tiriso "functional" mme le diragatsa gore mofuta mongwe le mongwe wa sekgoni/setswerre mo lefelo-bodirelong le thapisitswe/rupisitswe sentle, mme le lekanngwa ke mookamedi o e leng setswerre tota mo lekaleng leo. Leitsetsepelo lengwe ke la letlhakore la  "executive" mme lona le dirisa dikgoni/ditswerre go leka go bona gore diprojeke di feditswe. Diprojeke di ka lokologantshwa ka dikungwa, didiko, mefuta ya bareki, kgotsa diskimi tse dingwe.
Okanaiseišene e tlhaloswa ka dielemente tseo e leng bontlhanngwe  ba yona (ke mang  e leng leloko ke mang o e seng lone?), ke tlhaeletsano [communication] (ke dielemente dife tse di tlhaeletsanang ebile di  tlhaeletsana jang?), boikemelo (ke diphetogo dife tse di tsamaisiwang ka go ikemela ga okanaiseišene kgotswa dielemente tsa yone?), le melao ya yone ya go tiragatso fa e lekanngwa le ditiragalo tsa ka kwa ntle (ke eng seo se dirang gore okanaiseišene e dira jaaka modiri-kgoboka?).
Diekholoji
Dikomiti ka gale ke tsone di ikanyegang segolo mo go tseyeng ditshwetso. Condorcet's jury theorem e bontshitse gore fa tlhopho ya leloko le le mo magareng   e le botoka go gaisa ya  [a roll of dice], ka jalo go oketsa maloko a ba bantshi ba ba ka tlang mo tlhophong e e siameng (le fa go le jalo tshiamo e tlholositswe). Bothata ke fa leloko le le mo magareng kwa morago le ka nna [worse] go na le [a roll of dice], tshwetso ya komiti e tla ba [worse], e seng botoka; ka jalo, staffing is crucial.
Lefoko le tswa mo lefokong la SeGerika ' organon', leo le kayang "organ".
Types
Dithulaganyo di ka dira gape kwa sephiring le/kgotsa ka fa e seng ka fa molaong mo mabakeng a jaaka secret societies, criminal organizations le resistance movements.
References
Sekao, khampani e ka nna le mongwe yo o nang le maikarabelo a legotlhe a dikungwa X le Y, mme yo mongwe a ka nna le maikarabelo a le gotlhe a boinjineri, le ba taolo ya boleng, jalo jalo. Ka jalo, badira-tlase ba ba nang le maikarabelo a taolo ya boleng a projeke X  ba tla nna le maphata a mabedi a go bega.
Metsi le leswe la go tlosa leswe mo Afrika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara
thumb|Matlakala a a mo tseleng kwa Ghana Le fa go nna le phatlalatso ya metsi le kgopo ya metsi a a leswe mo Aferika yo o ko borwa jwa Sahara go oketsegile mo dingwageng tse pedi tse di fetileng, kgaolô e santse e saletse ko morago ka ditlhbololô mo dikgaolong tsotlhê. phitlhelelo ya metsi a a phepa e oketsegile go tswa ko go 49% mo ngwgwng ya 1990 go ya go 68% mo ngwgweng ya 2015 fa tiro ya kgopo leswe e oketsegile go tswa mo go selekanyong sa 28% go ya go 31% ka yone nako eo fela. sekaka sa borwa jwa Aforika  ga se fitlhelele tebelopele.
Mafelo a ditoropokgolo
Go ne go na le tsholofelo ya gore, ka go dira dikgwebo tse di ikemetseng tsa ditirelo, kgwebo ya bone e ne e tla kgona go tswelela pele mo kgwebong le go ngoka madi a a rileng. Mo e ka nnang sephatlo sa dinaga tse di kwa borwa jwa Sahara di ile tsa leka go dirisa mofuta mongwe wa go nna le seabe ga lekala la poraefete mo lephateng la ditirelo tsa botlhe fa e sa le go tloga mo masimologong a bo1990, mme seo se ne sa engwa nokeng thata ke Banka ya Lefatshe. Maitemogelo a a dirilweng ka dikonteraka tseno tsa lekala la poraefete ga a dumalane. Le fa gone di ne di sa kgone go gapa madi a mantsi a a tswang kwa bathong ba ba ikemetseng, dingwe tsa tsone di ne tsa tokafatsa tsela e di neng di dira dilo ka yone. Le fa go ntse jalo, mo e ka nnang nngwetharong ya bone ba ile ba fedisiwa pele ga nako e ba neng ba ikaeletse go e fetsa ka yone, jaaka kwa Dar es-Salaam kwa Tanzania. Tse dingwe ga di a ka tsa ntšhwafadiwa.
Ditlhaloso tse di farologaneng tsa go tsena
Ela tlhoko gore dikgopolo tsa 'go fitlhelela' le 'go tokafatsa' ga di a belaetsa. Ditlhaloso tse di dirisiwang ke WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation ga di tsamaisane le tsa dipatlisiso tse dingwe kgotsa melao ya bosetšhaba. Ka sekai, puso ya Burkina Faso e tsaya tsia dintlha tse di jaaka nako ya go leta le boleng jwa metsi. Tota e bile, mo e ka nnang halofo ya malapa a a kwa borwa jwa Sahara a go ya ka WHO/UNICEF 'a nang le metsi a a tokafaditsweng', a fetsa nako e e fetang halofo ya ura ka letsatsi a kgobokanya metsi. Le fa go latlhegelwa ke nako go umakiwa mo pegong ya WHO/UNICEF, ga go ame pharologano ya 'go tokafadiwa' le 'go sa tokafadiwa'.
Ka tlwaelo, metsi a tlamelwa ke ditirelo mo mafelong a ditoropokgolo le bommasepala kgotsa ditlhopha tsa setšhaba mo mafelong a selegae. Dithulaganyo tsa go tsamaisa leswe ga di a tlwaelega mme go phepafatsa metsi a a leswe ga go a tlwaelega. Go tlosa leswe gantsi go dirwa ka mokgwa wa ntlwana ya boithomelo ya motho a le mongwe kgotsa ntlwana ya boitapoloso e e kopanetsweng. 70% ya dipeeletso tsa metsi le go tlosa leswe mo Afrika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara di duelelwa ka madi mo teng mme 30% fela e duelelwa ka fa ntle (palogare ya 2001). Bontsi jwa madi a a tshegediwang ka fa gare ke a a itshepang a ntlo ($2.1bn), a a diretsweng go tlosa leswe mo lefelong le le jaaka matlwana a boithomelo. Thuso ya madi ya lefapha la puso ($1.2bn) e batlile e le kwa godimo go tshwana le thuso ya madi a dinaga di sele (US$1.4bn). Thuso ya madi a kgwebo ya poraefete e ne e le e e sa tseweng tsia ka $10 milione fela. thumb|350x350px|Mmapa wa Afrika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara.
Ditsela tse di tlwaelegileng
thumb|550x550px|Go tokafatsa kabo ya metsi le leswe, mo dinageng di le 7 tsa Sub-Saharan, go tloga ka 1990 go fitlha ka 2008. Motswedi: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program (2010) Mo Afrika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara, go fitlhelela metsi le leswe le le phepa go tokafaditswe, mme kgaolo eno e kwa morago ga dikgaolo tse dingwe tsotlhe tse di tlhabologang: go fitlhelela metsi a a phepa a a nowang go oketsegile go tswa go 49% ka 1990 go ya go 60% ka 2008, fa ka nako e e tshwanang go fitlhelela leswe le leswe go tokafaditsweng go tlhatlogile go tswa go 28% go ya go 31%. Afrika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara ga e a ka ya fitlhelela Millennium Development Goals ya go fokotsa palo ya baagi ka halofo fa ba sa kgone go bona metsi a a phepa a a nowang le leswe fa gare ga 1990 le 2015. Ditsela tseno tsa kabo ya metsi le tsa leswe di bonala ka tlhamalalo mo boitekanelong: dintsho tsa bana ba ba ka fa tlase ga dingwaga di le tlhano di fokotsegile thata mo lefatsheng lotlhe, mme Afrika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara e bontshitse kgatelopele e e bonya thata. Maikaelelo a masha a a beilweng ka fa tlase ga Maikaelelo a Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang, go farologana le MDGs, a tla bo a na le metsi a a nowang le leswe le le begilweng ka go farologana ke gore, maikaelelo a go bona metsi a a babalesegileng le a a sa tureng (maikaelelo 6.1) le leswe la boitekanelo le boitekanelo (maikaelelo a 6.2). SDGs gape di akareditse go bega ka boitekanelo, jo bo neng bo seyo mo MDGs.
Mafelo a ditoropokgolo
Today nearly half of the utilities are public enterprises and majority-owned by the central government. Senegal is an example where private involvement was successful: the affermage (leasing) of the network to a private operator has considerably increased efficiency and contributed to increase access. Senegal also received external funding for its water treatment and distribution network, namely a €64.5 million loan from the European Investment Bank combined with a €5.55 million European Union grant to the Republic of Senegal in 2023. The funding aims to provide drinking water to Saint-Louis inhabitants, reservoir units, and the enlargement of its distribution network, which is crucial to avoid the relocation of inhabitants due to lack of water. The €5.55 million European Union fund, mobilized as part of Team Europe by the European Investment Bank, will assist Senegal's water utility in accelerating its 35000 subsidised drinking water connections for 350 000 consumers across the nation. Besides Senegal, private operators still have a role in South Africa (four utilities), Cameroon, Cape Verde, Ivory Coast, Gabon, Ghana, Mozambique, Niger and Uganda (in small towns). In Uganda and Burkina Faso public national utilities were strengthened through short-term public-private partnerships in the form of performance-based service contracts.
Batho ba ba amegang mo go tlameleng metsi le go tlosa leswe
Fa e sale ka dingwaga tsa bo 1990 mo e ka nnang dinaga tsotlhê tsa Aforika di ntse di kgaoganya maatla a tsonê a sepolotiki go tswa mo bogareng go ya kwa dipusong tsa selegae: kwa Mali e simolotsê ka ngwaga wa 1993, kwa Ethiopia ka ngwaga wa 1995, kwa Rwanda ka ngwaga wa 2002, fa kwa Burkina Faso ka ngwaga wa 2004.. .. . Mo tsamaisong ya go kgaoganngwa ga dinaga, go dirilwe diphêtogo mo lefapheng la metsi le la leswê. Dikago tsa dithêo tsa metsi le tsa leswê tsê di tswang mo go one di farologana go ralala kontinente. Go na le dipharologano tse pedi tse di tlwaêlêgileng tsê di ka dirwang.
Boleng jwa tirelo
Sekao sa bobedi sa boleng ke go latela melao ya metsi a a nang le ditshedi tse dinnyennye. WHO/UNESCO e sa tswa go tlhama mokgwa wa go tlhatlhoba ka bonako boleng jwa metsi a a nowang (RADWQ). Ka kakaretso, mo dinageng tse di tlhabologang, go latela melao e e laolang go batlile go nna 90% mo metsing a diphaepe, le magareng ga 40% le 70% mo metsweding e mengwe e e tokafaditsweng. Ga go na tshedimosetso ya bosetšhaba kgotsa ya kgaolo e e gatisitsweng.
Mafelo a ditoropokgolo
Ditirelo ga di ke di fitlha mo malapeng otlhe mo lefelong la bone. Palo ya malapa a a sa amaneng mo ditoropong e fetofetoga go tswa go 80% mo dinageng tse di humanegileng jaaka Uganda, Mozambique, Rwanda, Nigeria, le Madagascar, go ya go 21% kwa Namibia le 12% kwa Aforika Borwa.
[[Setshwantsho:Legal_status_and_ownership_of_the_Sub-Saharan_water_utilities.png|thumb|450x450px|Go nna le seabe ga lefapha la poraefete mo ditirelong tsa metsi tsa Sub-Saharan. Pampiri ya 12 ya AICD]] Mo dingwagêng tsê di masome a mabedi tse di fetileng, tsamaisô ya metsi a ditorôpôkgolo le kgôpô leswe le ile ya bêwa mo diatlêng tsa ditirêlo tsê di sa tswang go tlhamiwa bošheng. Mo mabakêng a mangwe, didirisiwa tsêno tsa mêtsi le tsa go tlosa leswê le tsonê di tlamêla ka motlakase. Bontsi jwa ditirêlo tsêno ke tsa khampani, se se rayang gore di êtsa khampani ê e ikêmêtseng ka nosi go ya ka ntshodikuno le go ikêmêla ka nosi ka madi. Le fa go ntse jalo, di farologana thata ka maêmo a semolao le popêgo ya bêng.
Maikarabelo a go tlamela ka metsi le kgeleloleswe mo mafelong a magae mo dinageng di le dintsi a ne a tlogelelwa bommasepala: ba tlhomamisa ditlhokego tsa metsi le kgeleloleswe le go rulaganya mafaratlhatlha, go dumalana le melao ya bosetšhaba ya metsi. Dipuso tse di farologaneng tsa bogareng di dirile letlole la setšhaba la loago (le le tshegediwang ke baabi) le bommasepala ba ka dirisang madi mo go lone go duelela mafaratlhatlha a metsi le kgeleloleswe kwa magaeng. Le fa ka tlwaelo diporofense e le tsone di nang le mafaratlhatlha, ga se gantsi di na le seabe mo go neeleng tirelo eno. Seno go na le moo se abelwa mekgatlho e e eteletsweng pele ke setšhaba kgotsa dikhampani tsa poraefete tsa mo lefelong leo. Dipatlisiso tse di dirilweng ke Banka ya Lefatshe le ba bangwe di bontsha gore go tlhokega gore go tlhomiwe tlhokomelo e e oketsegileng mo go direng gore batho ba ba ikemetseng ba kgone go tlamela batho ka metsi mo metseng yotlhe.
Go ne go solofetswe gore, ka go dira dikgwebo tse di ikemetseng tsa ditirelo, kgwebo ya bone e ne e tla kgona go tswelela pele ka kgwebo le go dira madi a a rileng. Mo e ka nnang sephatlo sa dinaga tse di kwa borwa jwa Sahara di lekile go dirisa mofuta mongwe wa go nna le seabe ga lekala la poraefete mo lephateng la ditirelo tsa botlhe fa e sale go tloga mo masimologong a bo1990, mme seo se ne sa engwa nokeng thata ke Banka ya Lefatshe. Ditiragalo tse di neng tsa dirwa ke dikonteraka tsa lekala la poraefete di ne di sa dumalane. Le fa gone di ne di sa kgone go bona madi a mantsi mo bathong ba ba ikemetseng, dingwe tsa tsone di ne tsa tokafatsa tsela e di dirang dilo ka yone. Le fa go ntse jalo, mo e ka nnang nngwetharong ya tsone e ne ya nyelediwa pele ga nako e e neng e beilwe ya gore e fedisiwe, jaaka kwa Dar es Salaam kwa Tanzania. Tse dingwe ga di a ka tsa ntshwafadiwa.
Ditlhotlhwa le ditshenyegelo
Karolo:Phatlalatso ya metsi mo borwa jwa kontinente ya Aferika Karolo:Metsi mo Aferika Karolo:Sahara wa Aferika Karolo:Pages with unreviewed translations
[[Setshwantsho:Water_tariffs_in_7_Sub-Saharan_Cities.png|thumb|450x450px|Ditlhotlhwa tsa metsi tsa semmuso le tse di seng tsa semmuso mo ditoropong di le 6 tsa Sub-Saharan. World Bank WSS survey database]] Go na le tlhwatlhwa e e kwa tlase thata ya ditirelo tsa metsi le tsa kgeleloleswe kwa Afrika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara. Matswela a ntlha ke gore ditshenyegelo ga di busediwe kwa morago ka mo go lekaneng, mme seo se dira gore batho ba nne ba ikaegile ka thuso ya dinaga di sele le ka madi a puso, le gore go se ka ga dirwa dipeeletso tse di lekaneng. Sa bobedi, go duedisa batho madi a a kwa tlase ga a tlhokege ga go a siama mo setšhabeng. E re ka ditlhopha tse di humanegileng thata tsa batho di sa kgone go dirisa metsi a a phepa le go tsamaisa leswe sentle, di tshwanetse go dirisa ditsela tse dingwe mme ka dinako tse dingwe di duela madi a a fetang a a tlwaelegileng. Ka jalo, batho ba ba humanegileng thata ba amiwa ka ditsela tse pedi: ga ba kgone go bona metsi a a phepa a a lekaneng le go nna le mafelo a mantle a go phepafatsa, mme ba tshwanetse go duela madi a mantsi.
Boleng jwa tirelo
Sekao sa ntlha sa boleng jwa ditirelo tsa metsi ke go tswelela ga tirelo. Ditirelo tsa ditoropokgolo di tsamaisa ditirelo tse di tswelelang kwa Burkina Faso, Senegal le Aforika Borwa, mme di a kgaotsa kwa Ethiopia le Zambia. Mo mafelong a selegae, go tswelela go supiwa ke selekanyo sa dintlha tsa metsi tse di sa laolesegeng, kgotsa ka palogare ya nako ka ngwaga kgotsa ka kgwedi e ntlha ya metsi e sa kgoneng go dirisiwa. Mo dinageng tse di nang le lotseno lo lo kwa tlase tsa Sub-Saharan, se se supang gore, go feta nngwetharong ya mafaratlhatlha a metsi a kwa magaeng ga a tlhole a dirisiwa. [citation needed]
Mafelo a ditoropokgolo
Kwa Kenya, Tanzania le Aforika Borwa, ditirelo tsa ditirelo le tsone di tlamela baagi ba kwa magaeng, le fa seno se sa thibele go nna teng ga dithulaganyo tse di farologaneng tsa kwa magaeng mo dinageng tseo. Kwa Rwanda, badiri ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi ba tlwaelegile mo mafelong a selegae. Bontsi jwa dinaga mo kgaolong eno di tsaya karolo e kgolo mo go ageng mafaratlhatlha (bontsi jwa one e le mabolokelo). Dinaga tse dingwe di leka ditsela tse di farologaneng, tse di jaaka go ikgotsofatsa ka metsi le leswe la leswe, koo bontsi jwa ditshenyegelo tsa peeletso tsa ditsamaiso tse di motlhofo di tsolwang ke badirisi. Self-supply jaanong ke karolo ya National Policies kwa Ethiopia mme e ile ya dirisiwa ka selekanyo kwa Zimbabwe mo nakong e e fetileng.
Batho ba ba amegang mo go tlameleng metsi le go tlosa leswe
Pharologanô ya ntlha e tshwanêtse go dirwa magareng ga maikarabêlô a metsi le a go tlosa leswê mo mafelong a (i) a ditorôpôkgolo le (ii) a selegaê. Bontsi jwa dipusô di simolotse ditirêlo tsa kompone tsa metsi le tsa leswê mo mafelong a ditorôpôkgolo. Mo mafelong a selegaê maikarabêlô gantsi a mo diatleng tsa mmasepala, ditlhopha tsa setšhaba, kgotsa dikhampani tsa poraefete tsa selegaê. Tiro ya puso ya bogare ka kakarêtso e lekanyeditswe go tlhoma mekgêlê ya bosetšhaba le melawana ya kabo ya metsi le leswê.
Letlhôkô la metsi mo Aferika
thumb|222x222px|Motswedi wa metsi wa Motse wa Mwamanogu, Tanzania. Mo Kgaolong ya Meatu, Kgaolo ya Shinyanga, metsi gantsi a tswa mo diphatleng tse di bulegileng tse di epilweng mo motlhabeng wa dinoka tse di omileng, mme ka metlha a kgotlelwa Go bonelwa pele gore go tlhaela ga metsi mo Afrika go tla fitlha kwa maemong a a kwa godimo thata ka 2025 fa go fopholediwa gore mo e ka nnang pedi tharong ya baagi ba lefatshe ba ka nna ba tlhaela metsi a a phepa. Mabaka a magolo a go tlhaela ga metsi mo Afrika ke go tlhaela ga metsi mo mmeleng le mo ikonoming, go oketsega ga baagi ka bonako le go fetoga ga tlelaemete. Go tlhaela ga metsi ke go tlhoka metswedi ya metsi a a phepa gore go tle go kgonege gore go nne le metsi a a tlhokegang. Le fa gone Afrika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara e na le metsi a mantsi a pula, metsi a pula ga a tshwane ka dipaka e bile a anamisiwa ka go sa lekalekane, mme seo se dira gore go nne le merwalela le komelelo. Mo godimo ga moo, go anama ga mathata a ikonomi le khumanego, mmogo le go oketsega ka bonako ga palo ya baagi le go fuduga ga batho go tswa kwa magaeng go ya kwa ditoropong, go dirile gore Afrika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara e nne kgaolo e e humanegileng thata le e e sa tlhabologang thata mo lefatsheng.
Temothuo
Mo nakong eno, baemedi ba sephiri ba puso ba ntshitse katlholo e e kopanetsweng ya gore mo dingwageng tse di lesome tse di latelang, mathata a metsi ga a ka ke a baka dikgogakgogano tsa ka fa gare le tsa ka kwa ntle tse di ka felelang ka ntwa e e gagametseng. Mme fa e le gore selekanyo sa jaanong sa tiriso mmogo le kgatelelo ya tlelaemete se tswelela, selekanyo sa tlhaelo ya metsi mo Afrika se bolelelwa pele ke UNECA go fitlhelela maemo a a kwa godimo a a kotsi ka 2025. Seno se raya gore ka 2022 go na le kgonagalo ya phetogo ya tlhaelo ya metsi go nna le seabe mo ntweng ya dibetsa. Go ya ka National Intelligence Estimate on water security, e e neng e kopilwe ke Mokwaledi wa Naga Hillary Clinton mme ya wediwa ka letlhabula la 2011, morago ga 2022 metsi a tla nna a dirisiwa jaaka sebetsa sa ntwa le sedirisiwa se se ka dirisiwang mo borukhutlhi, bogolo jang kwa Afrika Bokone. Ka Letsatsi la Lefatshe la Metsi, Lefapha la Puso le ne la bolela gore kgatelelo ya metsi, "e ka nna ya oketsa kotsi ya go sa tlhomamang le go palelwa ke puso, go gakatsa dikgotlhang tsa kgaolo le go itaya dinaga tsebe go dira le United States mo mekgeleng e e botlhokwa ya molao". Fa go buiwa ka Nile kwa Egepeto, Sudan, le dinaga tse di kwa borwa, pego e bolelela pele gore dinaga tse di fa godimo ga noka di tla lekanyetsa go bona metsi ka mabaka a sepolotiki le gore dirukutlhi di ka tlhasela didirisiwa tse di amanang le metsi, jaaka matamo le matamo, gantsi. Ka ntlha ya seno, Global Risk Report ya 2011 ya World Economic Forum e akareditse tlhaelo ya metsi jaaka nngwe ya dikotsi tse tlhano tse di kwa godimo mo lefatsheng ka lekgetlo la ntlha.
Basadi le basetsana
Maemo a a sa tshwaneng a basadi le banna ba Afrika a dira gore go nne le dipharologano mo maikarabelo a metsi, ditshwanelo, le go tsena, mme ka jalo basadi ba Afrika ba imelwa thata ke tlhaelo ya metsi a a phepa a a nowang. Mo ditšhabeng di le dintsi tsa Aforika, basadi ba bonwa jaaka bakgethisi, batsamaisi, le batlhokomedi ba metsi, bogolo jang mo tikologong ya mo gae e e akaretsang ditiro tsa mo gae, go apaya, go tlhatswa, le go godisa bana. Ka ntlha ya ditiro tse di tlwaelegileng tsa bong, basadi ba patelesega go dirisa mo e ka nnang diperesente di le masome a marataro tsa letsatsi lengwe le lengwe go kgobokanya metsi, se se rayang gore basadi ba bereke diura di ka nna dimilione di le 200 mo lefatsheng lotlhe ka letsatsi le go fokotsega ga nako e e leng teng ya thuto.
Ditsela Tsa go Dirisa
thumb|Setshwantsho sa motshikhinyêgo sa Water.org sa tharabolola ya tlhaelo ya metsi kwa Ethiopia.
Dipharologano tsa kgaolo
Bokone jwa Afrika le Afrika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara di gatela pele ka lobelo lo lo farologaneng go fitlhelela Mokgele wa Mileniamo wa Tlhabololo malebana le metsi. Fa Afrika Bokone yone e na le metsi a a phepa a a lekaneng 92% a a nowang, dinaga tsa Afrika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara tsone di na le metsi a a lekaneng a a ka nnang 60% fela, ka jalo 40% ya batho ba le dimilione di le 783 mo kgaolong eo ga ba na metsi a a phepa a a nowang.
Ditsamaiso tsa tetla ya metsi
Kgaolo nngwe ya dinaga tsa Afrika, jaaka Tanzania, e lekile go rarabolola bothata jwa go tlhaela ga metsi ka go tlhoma thulaganyo ya go ntsha tetla ya metsi. Mo tsamaisong e e ntseng jalo, go dirisiwa melao ya mo lefelong go naya badirisi metsi a a rileng mo mafelong a a rileng. Le fa go ntse jalo, gantsi dithulaganyo tse di ntseng jalo di baka dikgotlhang tse dingwe, ka gonne ditshwanelo tsa metsi di ka nna tsa gapiwa ke batho ba ba nosetsang ka selekanyo se segolo mme seo se dira gore balemi ba ba sa itsholegeng sentle mo kgaolong eo ba latlhegelwe ke ditshwanelo tsa bone.
Gore go rarabololwe bothata jwa go tlhaela ga metsi mo Afrika ka tsela e e tshwanetseng, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa e gatelela botlhokwa jwa go beeletsa mo go diriseng metswedi ya metsi e Afrika e ka nnang le yone. Seno se tla tokafatsa pabalesego ya dijo le ya metsi, le go sireletsa dipoelo tsa ikonomi ka go laola komelelo, merwalela le go fetoga ga sekaka ka tsela e e nang le matswela.
Basadi le basetsana
Mo basading ba Baafrika, tiro ya bone ya letsatsi le letsatsi mo go ntsheng metsi a a phepa gantsi e raya go rwala jerrycan e e tlwaelegileng e e ka nnang bokete jwa dikilogerama di le 40 fa e tletse ka palogare ya dikilometara di le thataro ka letsatsi. Seno se na le ditlamorago tsa boitekanelo tse di jaaka go senyega ga marapo go go nnelang ruri ka ntlha ya go rwala metsi a a bokete mo mafelong a maleele letsatsi le letsatsi, se se fetolang go nna kgatelelo ya mmele e e oketsang go ngomoga pelo, nako e e okeditsweng ya go fola boitekanelo, le go fokotsega ga bokgoni jwa go ya kwa mafelong a thuto ka tsela e se ka dirwang ka yone ka mmele, mme gape le go tsaya thuto ka tlhaloganyo ka ntlha ya kgatelelo mo go direng ditshwetso le bokgoni jwa go gakologelwa. Gape, go ya ka boitekanelo, go bona metsi a a babalesegileng le a a phepa a go nwa go dira gore go nne le tshireletso e kgolwane kgatlhanong le malwetse le malwetse a a anamisiwang ke metsi a a oketsang bokgoni jwa baithuti botlhe jwa go tsena sekolo.
Madagascar
Mo setlhabeng se se kwa godimo sa Madagascar, go ne ga nna le phetogo e kgolo e e neng ya fedisa mo e ka nnang dimela tsotlhe tse di nang le dikgwa tse dintsi mo pakeng ya 1970 go ya go 2000. Temothuo ya go sega le go fisa e ne ya tlosa diperesente di le lesome tsa palogotlhe ya di-biomass tsa naga mme ya e fetola go nna naga e e se nang sepe. Ditlamorago tseno di ne di bakwa ke go nna le batho ba le bantsi thata le go tlhoka go fepa batho ba ba humanegileng ba ba tlholegang, mme ditlamorago tse di sa itumediseng di ne di akaretsa go gogolwa ga mmu go go anameng go go neng ga dira gore dinoka tse di tletseng seretse tse di neng di "tsamaya di le dikhibidu" dingwaga di le masome morago ga go rengwa ga dikgwa. Seno se ne sa fedisa metsi a mantsi a a phepa a a ka dirisiwang mme gape se ne sa senya bontsi jwa tikologo ya dinoka tsa dinoka di le mmalwa tse dikgolo tse di elelang kwa bophirima. Mefuta e le mmalwa ya ditlhapi e ile ya nyelela mme e mengwe, jaaka dikorale tse di kgoreletsweng mo Lewatleng la India, di nyeletse. thumb|229x229px|Bana ba babedi ba nwa metsi a kgetsana
Temothuo
Go ya ka UN Economic Commission for Africa le New Partnership for Africa's Development, "go nosetsa go botlhokwa thata mo go fitlheleleng tlhagiso e e okeditsweng ya temothuo e e botlhokwa mo tlhabololong ya ikonomi le go fitlhelela pabalesego ya dijo". Bontsi jwa baagi ba kwa magaeng a Aforika ga ba kgone go dirisa bokgoni jwa bone jwa go nosetsa. Temothuo ya go nosetsa e tsaya fela 20% ya mefuta ya temothuo mo lefatsheng lotlhe. Mo Afrika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara, dipuso di nnile le seabe se segolo mo tlhabololong ya go nosetsa. Go simolola ka dingwaga tsa bo1960, batho ba ba neng ba ntsha meneelo jaaka Banka ya Lefatshe ba ne ba tshegetsa dipuso tseno tsa Aforika mo tlhabololong ya ditsamaiso tsa go nosetsa. Le fa go ntse jalo, mo dingwageng tse di latelang, temothuo ya go nosetsa e tlhagisitse thobo e e kwa tlase go feta e e neng e solofetswe. Go ya ka Banka ya Lefatshe temothuo e e tlhagisiwang mo Afrika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara e ka nna gararo ka 2050.
Nigeria
Ka batho ba ka nna dimilione di le 199, 86% ya batho ba kwa Nigeria ga ba na metsi a a phepa a a nowang. UNICEF e bega gore mo e ka nnang halofo ya ditirelo tsa motheo tsa metsi tsa 70% ya batho ba Nigeria di kgotletswe. Go tlhaela ga mafaratlhatlha mo nageng yotlhe ya Nigeria go dira gore baagi ba le bantsi ba se ka ba nna le metsi a a phepa; ka kakaretso Mo-Nigeria o bona dilitara di le 9 fela tsa metsi ka letsatsi. Ka ntlha ya seno, Ba-Nigeria ba le bantsi ba ikaegile ka metsi a a rekisiwang jaaka metsi a a mo kgetsaneng (bona setshwantsho) kgotsa a a mo dibotlolong. Metsi a a kgotletsweng le a a kgotletsweng a a mo tlase ga lefatshe a dira gore go nne le tlhaelo ya metsi kwa Nigeria. Mefuta mengwe e megolo ya dilo tse di kgotlelang e akaretsa menontsha le metsi a a tswang mo temothuong, tsamaiso e e sa siamang ya go laola leswe, matlakala a madirelo, dilo tse di kgotlelang oli le gase, dilo tse di tswang mo meepong le metsi a a tswang mo dipolaong.
Dipharologano tsa kgaolo
Some of these differences in clean water availability can be attributed to Africa's extreme climates. Although Sub-Saharan Africa has a plentiful supply of rainwater, it is seasonal and unevenly distributed, leading to frequent floods and droughts. Additionally, prevalent economic development and poverty issues, compounded with rapid population growth and rural-urban migration have rendered Sub-Saharan Africa as the world's poorest and least developed region. Thus, this poverty constrains many cities in this region from providing clean water and sanitation services and preventing the further deterioration of water quality even when opportunities exist to address these water issues. Additionally, the rapid population growth leads to an increased number of African settlements on flood-prone, high-risk land.
Temothuo
thumb|Kgato ya Ethiopia ya go tlatsa letamo la Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam e ka fokotsa go elela ga Nile ka 25% le go senya dipolase tsa Egepeto.
Go tlhaela ga dilo tsa senama le tsa ikonomi
Go tlhaela ga metsi ke selo sa tlholego e bile ke selo se batho ba se dirang. Ka jalo go botlhokwa go e kgaoganya ka mefuta e mebedi e megolo: tlhaelo ya ikonomi le tlhaelo ya dilo tse di bonalang. Go tlhaela ga metsi a a phepa go kaya gore go bona motswedi o o ka ikanngwang wa metsi a a phepa go tsaya nako e ntsi e bile go ja madi a mantsi. Go farologana le seo, tlhaelo ya metsi ke fa go se na metsi a a lekaneng mo kgaolong e e rileng.
Metsi le leswe la go tlosa leswe mo Afrika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara
Dipharologano tsa Bosetšhaba
Go na le dipharologano tse dikgolo magareng ga dinaga tse di mo kgaolong ya Sub-Saharan. Go fitlhelela metsi a a phepa a a nowang go farologana go tswa go 38% kwa Ethiopia go ya go 91% kwa Aforika Borwa, fa go fitlhelela metsi a go phepa go farologana le 11% kwa Burkina Faso go ya go 77% kwa Aforiki Borwa. Seemo sa Ivory Coast se botoka thata, ka go tokafadiwa ga motswedi wa metsi a a nowang ka 82%
Letlhôkô la metsi mo Aferika
Pego ya 2012 ya Food and Agriculture Organization ya Lekgotla la Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng e bontsha gore go tlhaela ga metsi ke nngwe ya dikgwetlho tse dikgolo tse di ka dirang gore go nne le tlhabololo e e tswelelang pele. Seno ke ka gonne palo e e ntseng e oketsega ya mafelo a dinoka di kgabaganyang mo go one e setse e le mo seemong sa go tlhaela ga metsi ka ntlha ya ditlhokego tse di kopaneng tsa temothuo le makala a mangwe. Ditlamorago tsa tlhaelo ya metsi mo Afrika di simolola mo boitekanelong (basadi le bana ba amiwa thata) go ya kwa thutong, go ntsha dikuno tsa temothuo,
Tshimologo
thumb|Basetsana ba lefelo leo ba ba tswang kwa Babile (Ethiopia) ba tlatsa dithini tsa metsi a polasetiki mo motsweding o mogolo wa metsi wa lefelo leo. Afrika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara ke yone e nang le palo e kgolo ya dinaga tse di nang le mathata a metsi go feta dinaga tse dingwe mo lefatsheng mme go fopholediwa gore mo bathong ba le dimilione di le 800 ba ba nnang mo Afrika, ba le dimilione di le 300 ba tshela mo tikologong e e nang le mathata a metsi. Go ya ka se se fitlheletsweng mo khonferenseng ya 2012 ya setlhogo se se reng "Go Tlhaela Metsi mo Afrika: Mathata le Dikgwetlho", go fopholediwa gore ka 2030, batho ba le dimilione di le 75 go ya go di le 250 mo Afrika ba tla bo ba nna mo mafelong a a nang le bothata jo bogolo jwa metsi, mme seo se ka dira gore batho ba le dimilione di le 24 go ya go di le 700 ba fuduge ka gonne maemo a tla bo a sa tlhole a siame.
Thadiso ya kharikhulamo
Thadiso ya kharikhulamo mokgwa-tsamaiso ya go lekola kharikhulamo (curriculum) e e mo tirisong fa e tsentshiwa mo electronic database mo setting ya thuto (education) nngwe le nngwe. E tlhomilwe segolo se tonna mo tirong ya Heidi Hayes Jacobs mo Mapping the Big Picture: Integrating Curriculum and Assessment K-12 (ASCD, 1997) le Getting Results with Curriculum Mapping (2004, ASCD). Dikolo di dirisa dithempholeite tsa kharikhulamo tse dibontshang dikarolo tsa botlhokwa tsa kharikhulamo: diteng, bokgoni, ditlhatlhobo (assessments), le dipotso tsa botlhokwa.
Dingwe tsa disteite jaaka South Dakota di itsaletse thadiso ya kharikhulamo mo motheong wa steite ka bophara ebile o abela bathapiwa ba phorofeshenale ka thadiso ya kharikhulamo e e tlhamaletseng ka mogala. disteite tse dingwe jaaka sa Indiana di tlhomamisitse thadiso ya kharikhulamo jaaka sediriswa sa dikolo tseo di sa kgoneng Adequate Yearly Progress le go ka aba didiriswa di le dintsi ka mogala.
Dithalo tse di amogetsweng
theoTsweletso pele ya thalo e e amogetsweng  ( e gape e bitswang thalo ya botlhokwa, thalo theo, thalo ya sediko, master map) e diragala mo Phase 3 ya Heidi Hayes Jacobs’s Four Phases tsa Thadiso ya Kharikhulamo. Hale (2008) o farologantsha magareng ga thalo ya tumelano le thalo ya botlhokwa, o fega ya mathomo go bogatong ba go aga, mme ya bofelelo mo bogatong ba sediko (p. 145). Jacobs (2004) tlhalosa thalo ya tumelano jaaka nngwe e  “reflects the policy agreed on by a professional staff that targets those specific areas in each discipline that are to be addressed with consistency and flexibility in a school or district” (para. 4; Jacobs & Johnson, 2009, p. 65) [e tlhagisang molawana o o dumetsweng ke bathapiwa ba phorofeshenale o o lebaganeng le mafelo a disipolini nngwe le nngwe e tshwanetseng go mekamekana le one ka tolamo le go nonofa mo dikolong kgotsa didikong]. E fa sebaka, sa go naganisa tlhagiso, gore barutisi ba nne le tlhaloganyo e e tshwanang go ka buisana ka kharikhulamo ya bone ba ntse ba tlhokomedisa go nonofatsa se se siametseng ngwana mongwe le mongwe. Hale (2008) o tswela pele a re thalo ya tumelano e dira jaaka sediriswa sa puisano go ralatsa dikeletso tsa baithuto go batseakarolo (p. 145). Ntekwane, e tlhagelela morago mo tlhotlhimsong ya kharikhulamo - morago ga ditlhatlhobo tsa horizontal and vertical data le morago ga tibelediso ya interdisciplinary kgotsa ya ditlhopha tse ditlhakaneng (mixed-group) (Jacobs, 2004, para. 13). Go ya ka Jacobs le Johnson (2009) ditlhopha tsa ditebelediso tse ditlhakaneng  “add a unique perspective to the process and are sometimes able to see things that other teachers do not” (p. 58). [ di tlisa ponelelo ya setshwananosi mo tsamaisong ebile ka nako dingwe di kgona go bona dilo tse barutisi bangwe ba sa di bonang]. Sekao, morutitsi wa dithuto tsa selegae a ka kgona go lemoga gore baithuti ba rutwa the Holocaust kwa seemeng sa borobongwe mo dithutong tsa selegae mme gape kwa seemeng sa bo lesome Seisemaneng. Thalo e e tlhomameng e tlo leka go ka nyalaganya/nyalantsha dithutotaelo tse pedi tse, go kgaotsa poeletso e e sa tlhokegeng mme ya fa tsamaiso ya thutiso e putlaganyang didisipolini. Ka nako e, diphorofeshenale di dira mo “multiple levels and tiers” (Jacobs, n.d.), di lebeledisa dithalo go [tlhodisisa diphatlha tse di ka nnang teng, dipoeletso, kgotsa ditlogelwa]  “possible gaps, repetitions, or omissions” (Jacobs & Johnson, 2009, p. 57). Se se tsea nako gape, jalo ka dithalo tsotlhe tsa dikharikhulamo, ga se ka ke sa potlakiswa ebile setshwantsho se se tonna se tshwanetso go aga se akanngwa. Phase 3 mo go Tsamaisong ya Dithalo e botlhokwatlhokwa ka gonne  “ if we don't have consensus on where we want to go, we will never get there” (Jacobs, n.d.) [ge re sa fitlhelele tumelano ya koo re batlang go ya teng, ga nkitla re fitlha kwa teng].
Senotlelo sa tsamaiso ke gore morutisi mongwe le mongwe ao tsentsha seo ka mannete a se rutileng mo nakong ya nnete tsamaong ya ngwaga, go na le go tsaya ditshoetso kwa ntle kgotsa ka komoti e e farolaganeng. Tseo di tsentshtsweng ke barutisis ga di a tlogelwa fela, empa; go ya ka seo se leng teng, ka gore tiro e bontshitswe ka go ya ka lenaane le le tlhomilweng mo internete (internet-based programs), di butswe go ka bonwa ke bathapiwa botlhe mo sekolong goba mo seterekeng/sedikong. Se se dumelela barutisi go ka bona bobeding K-12 le go putlagana magato a diema le dirutiwa seo se tlhagelelang e le go itsesi le go boeletsa tiro ya bona.
Dithalo tse di amogetsweng
Thalo ya tumelelano e ka akaretsa seo ba thapiwa ba sediko ba itebantshitseng le tsone ba di kaa jaaka e le “nonnegotiables that will be taught in each grade level or subject in a school or district” [tseo go sa buisanweng ka tsone tseo di tla rutiwang mo legatong la seema sengwe le sengwe kgotsa serutiwa mo sekolong kgotsa diseterekeng]   ebile se tshwanetse fo emela [ditirigalo tse ntle, tsa sentshwari ya bo masome pedi “best practices, 21st century curriculum, higher order thinking, high standards, and clearly defined grade- or course-level expectations” (Jacobs & Johnson, 2009, p. 65). Go ya ka Hale (2008), dielemente tsa yone di a gapeletsega ebile di bopegile go ya ka maemo a setshaba, morafe, kgotsa setereke, “compulsory and are designed according to national, state, [or] district… standard[s]” (p. 146). Di ka akaretsa diteng, bokgoni, dipotso tsa botlhokwa, le ditlhatlhobo tse tlhokegang.
Sebopego sa thadiso ya kharikhulamo ga e tlholositswe kwa tshimologong ke Dr. Jacobs e na le manamelelo a a supa a dikolo di a dirisang go tlhatlhobisisa le go boeletsa kharikhulamo ya tsone. Go na le dikhampane tsa khomeshiale (commercial companies) le ditlhopha tse  s seng tsa morokotso (not-for-profit groups) tse di tlhotseng software ya thadiso ya kharikhulamo e e dirisiwang ke lefatshe go dikologa. Se se tsalaneng le thadiso, gape se farologane le yone, ke kakanyo ya go odita kharikhulamo (curriculum audit), e e tlhlosiwang ke Fenwick W. English.mo  "Deciding What to Teach and Test: Developing, Auditing, and Aligning the Curriculum" (1999, Sage).
Thadiso ya kharikhulamo ga e kganelelwe mo dikolong tsa setshaba tsa United States public schools Palo ya dikolo tse di ikemetseng di itsalantse le tsamaiso ya thadiso ya kharikhulamo go lekodisa le go boeletsa kharikhulamo ya tsone. Dikolo di le dintsi tse di dirisang thadiso ya kharikhulamo kwa ntle ga US ke dikolo tse di ikemetseng tseo di latelang kharilhulamo ya mashabashaba (international curriculum) (jaaka IB, AERO, kgotsa IGCSE) okgotsa dikolo tsa setshaba tse di leng mo dinageng tsa Anglo-Saxon.
Individual curriculum maps
Dithalo tsa bobosi/bonnosi tsa kharilhulamo di tsweleditswe pele ke barutisi ka bo bosi ebile di tlhagisa seo ba se rutang ka mo phaphosing kgotsa diphaphosing tsa bone. Tsone di akaretsa dipotso tsa botlhokwa, diteng, bokgoni, le ditlhatlhobo (Jacobs & Johnson, 2009, p. 115). Di tlhamaletse go gaisa thalo ya tumelelano go letlelela morutisi ka esi boikemelo “allow for individual teacher autonomy” (Hale, 2008, p. 146). Mo sekolong se se botlana ka seripanngwe sa serutiwa, thalo ya bobosi e fetoga go nna thalo ya tumelelano (Jacobs & Johnson, 2009, p. 65). Dithalo tse di baa pepeneneng seo se diragalang ka fa phaphosing e le esi, nneteng e fa tshupetso ya se se ithutwang ke baithuti le morutisi yoo. Sekao, mo uniting e tsenyang tirong ELA Standard RL11-12.5,  go lebeletswe gore baithuti ba ithute go tlhalosa tlhopho ya mokwadi mabapi le ka moo a baakanyang ditokololo tsa sekwalwa (sekai, go tlhopha gore o simolola kae kgotsa o feleletsa kae lenoolwane, le kgetho ya gore o fa  phetso ka metlae kgotsa botlhoko) go tshwaela ka gotlhe ka sebopego le tlhaloso gape gape le go ka natefisa puo. Le fa morutisi a ka kgetha go ruta seema se a dirisa se The Crucible ka Arthur Miller, theoretically, morutisi yo mongwe a ka dirisa dinoolwane tse dikhutshwane tse di tlhomaganeng, kgotsa gongwe bukana (a novel). Le ga seemo se tshwana ebile se tlo emelwa mo thalo ya tumelelano (jalo ka ditlhatlhobo tsa setwaedi), thalo bonosi e tla bontsha pharologanyo ya diteng e e dirisitsweng ka mo phaphosing, e patilwe ke ditiragalo le tiro ya bokgoni e e ka bang botlhokwa go seripa sengwe sa dikwalwa tse di ithutwang. Jacobs & Johnson (2009) ba umaka gore, go ya ka nnete, dikolo kgotsa disetereke di kgona go lebagana le thalo ya bonosi pele, mme morago ba thale kharikhulamo e e rutiwang, le ge ba sa amogele gore dikolo dingwe di dira ka gongwe, gantsi kwa tlase ga tshsumetso ya kwa ntle go potlakisa lenaane (p. 67).
Dithalo tsa tumelelano le bonosi di ka bontsha dipotso tsa botlhokwa tsa motso wa serutwa le diteng, le fa dithalo tsa bonosi di tla fa ka botlalo go ya ka ditiro tsa letsatsi ka letsatsi, ditogamaano, le ditshwaelo tse di itsiseng, practice, di tlhotlheletsa botsibi ba bokgoni le maemo a a tlhagisitsweng mo thalong ya tumelelano, ya bofelelo e tla laola tlwaelo or ditlhatlhobo tse tshwanang  tse di tshwanetseng go diragala go kgabaganya lobato lwa diphaphosi ka bongwe. Ka go leka le go fosa e le boleng ba thalo ya bonosi, didiriswa di ka umakelwa thalo ya tumelelano.
Go na le mananeo a mogala a a abelanang ka boleng thalong ya kharikhulamo ngwaga o  tlhe. Tsaa sediriswa sa OnCourse Systems for Education's Curriculum Builder, fa se diriswa mmogo le Lesson Planner e ka tlhola repotho e e ka bontshang maemo o tlhe a a lomagantsweng le metso le maemo a go santsaneng go tlhokega gore a lebeledisiwe.
Letlhôkô la metsi mo Aferika
Go tlhaela ga dilo tsa senama le tsa ikonomi
Ka 2006 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa e fopholetsa gore batho ba le dimilione di le 300 mo go ba le dimilione di le 800 ba ba nnang mo kontinenteng ya Afrika ba tshela mo tikologong e e tlhaelang metsi. Tota e bile, kwa bokone jwa Afrika, mmogo le kwa borwa jwa Afrika, dithemperetšha tse di tlhatlogang tsa lefatshe tse di tsamaisanang le diphetogo tsa tlelaemete di ile tsa oketsa modikologo wa metsi o o dirang gore go nne le dipaka tsa komelelo tse di omeletseng, ka jalo tsa oketsa kotsi ya gore go nne le komelelo e e feteletseng le e e nnang teng ka metlha. Seno se ama thata go nna teng ga metsi, boleng jwa one le selekanyo sa one ka ntlha ya go fokotsega ga metsi a a elelang mo dinokeng le go bolokiwa ga one mo dipolokelong, go fokotsega ga metsi a a mo mmung le go omelela ga metsi a a mo metsing a a mo karolong e e kwa bokone le e e kwa borwa jwa lefatshe. thumb|326x326px|Bogolo jwa komelelo ya Aforika bo tlhalositswe mo mafelong a a farologaneng. Selo se sengwe gape se se akarediwang mo setlhopheng sa go tlhaela ga dilo tse di bonalang ke kgang ya go dirisiwa ka tsela e e feteletseng. Seno se dira gore bontsi jwa matsha a magolo a Afrika a fokotsege, go akaretsa Nakivale, Nakuru le Letsha la Chad, le le fokotsegileng go nna 10% ya bogolo jwa lone jwa pele. Go ya ka dipolotiki, dilo tse di rotloetsang go dirisa metsi ka tsela e e feteletseng ke dingwe tsa dilo tse di senyang thata, segolobogolo fa go tliwa mo go ntsheng metsi a a kafa tlase ga lefatshe. Mo metsing a a mo tlase ga lefatshe, fa pompo e sena go tsenngwa, melao ya dinaga di le dintsi ke ya go lekanyetsa fela go ntshiwa ga metsi go ikaegile ka tlhwatlhwa ya motlakase, mme mo maemong a le mantsi go duelela ditshenyegelo tsa motlakase tse di dirisiwang mo temothuong, e leng se se senyang maitlhomo a go somarela metswedi e e ntseng jalo. Mo godimo ga moo, dinaga di le dintsi mo Afrika di baya tlhwatlhwa ya metsi kwa tlase thata ga selekanyo se metsi a ka busediwang ka sone, ka go dira jalo di dira gore go se ka ga dirisiwa metsi sentle mme seo se dira gore go nne le mathata.
Batshegetsi ba FIFA World Cup
1970 FIFA World Cup
Maduo:
Sejana sa Lefatshe sa FIFA sa 2010
Ka Ngwanatsele 2003, Nigeria e ne ya tsena mo thulaganyong ya go kopa, mme e ne ya busetsa morago kopo ya yone ka Lwetse. Ka Mopitlo 2003, Sepp Blatter o ne a re leano la Nigeria la go tshwara FIFA World Cup ya 2010 le mafatshe di le mane a Aferika le ne le ka se atlege. Nigeria e ne e solofetse go dira kopo mmogo le baagisani ba Aferika Bophirima Benin, Ghana, le Togo.
Setso le ngwao ya Setswana
SETSO LE NGWAO
SETSO LE NGWAO TSA SETSWANA Mo Batswaneng Setso le Ngwao di botlhokwa thata. Melao ya Setswana ga e kwalwe fa fatshe go buisiwa ke mongwe le mongwe, ebile ga e tsamaisane le bogolo jwa dingwaga tsa motho. Se se raya gore fa o sa nyala kgotsa o sa nyalwa ga o kitla o itse molao wa lenyalo, le fa le ka tshwaraganngwa fela ke magiseterata la se ka la laiwa ke bagolo, ga lo tsene fa go laiwa banyalani ba bangwe ka gore lona lo jele molao wa sekgowa fela. Fa o le mogolo o tswalelwa kwa ntle fa ngwana wa gago a nyala kgotsa a nyalwa wena o sa laiwa mo nyalong. O ka nna malome, rangwane kgotsa rakgadi fela mo molaong o ikgogela kwa morago fa setlogolo se laiwa. Mengwe ya melao ke fa banyalani ba tsena mo ntlong, go na le molao o ba o fiwang, fa o sa tsenngwa mo ntlong ka molao ga o tsene fa go na le tiro ya mofuta o, gore go tsena bana ba gago ga go tshwenye. Molao mongwe ke wa go rupa, fa o sa tswe bogwera kgotsa bojale ga o a tshwanela goitse gore go dirwang, o le monnamogolo gongwe mosadimogolo.Gompieno go na le ketsaetsego ya gore melao e mentsi ga e salwe morago ka tshwanelo, mme go botlhokwa gore re se ka ra letlelela bophelo jwa segompieno jo bo tletseng ka mafaratlhatlha a tekenoloji go re fenya. Ka gompieno bontsi ba rona re phela mo metseng setoropo re tshwanetse re tsamaye ka thuto e bagolo ba rona ba re e tlogeletseng go e dirisa kwa rephelang teng, re diragatse ditiro tsa rona tsa setso tse di kgonagalang fa re nnang teng, re se ka ra tsaya gore ka e se mo magaeng re ka seka ra diragatsa setso sa rona. Ga ntsi ga re dirise meila ya rona jaaka re tshwanetse ka re phela mo ditoropong, fa gotwe o seka wa ja o e me ka maoto gongwe o seka wa jela mopitseng, gore o kwa Seborogo, Jeremane kgotsa Fora fa o le Motswana se dire jalo.
BONGAKA
Go lemogilwe gore malwetsi a a tshwanang le botseno, mototwana kgotsa go wa, tlhogwana kgotsa phogwana, ngope kgotsa madi a magolo, kankere, jalo jalo, a retela bongaka jwa Sekgowa, mme jwa Setswana bo a tomola semmutlwa. Ke ka moo gompieno go dirilweng thulaganyo mo Botswana, gore dingaka tsa Setswana le tsa Sekgowa di kopane kgapetsa-kgapetsa, go lebisisanya gore dikitso le boitseanape jwa matlhakore a mabedi a di ka nontshana jang go lemofalela botsogo jwa batho. Go a lebosega go bona mo Botswana go na le Lekgotla la dingaka tsa Setswana, e bile le tlhomilwe ka fa molaong. Go lebosega go bona go na le mowa wa tirisanyo mmogo fa gare ga bongaka jwa Setswana le jwa Sekgowa, le maikuelo a gore a makgamu a mabedi a a tshwaraganele maitlamo le keletso ya Lekgotla la Bongaka la Mafatshefatshe, gore e re ka ngwaga wa Dikete-pedi (Year 2000), motho mongwe le mongwe a ba a na le botsogo jo bo itumedisang ka fa go ka kgonegang ka teng.
Ga go na tlhabologo e e gaisang ya gore gompieno go be go lemogilwe fa dilo dingwe tsa ngwao le tlholego ya Setswana, tse di neng tsa phailelwa kgakala ke Basweu, di tota di na le mosola o mogolo mo pabalelong ya matshelo a batho. Gompieno jaana bongaka jwa Sekgowa bo batla kitso ya medi ya digwere tse di dirisiwang ke dingaka tsa Setswana, go ikoketsa ka tsona. Phetogo e ya dikakanyo le maitemogelo e a lebosega. Go a tualo!
Ka ntlha ya kamogela ya bongaka jwa Setswana, kitso le tiriso ya jone di ka nna tsa tlhabololwa, tsa tokafadiwa. Lekgotla la Dingaka le setse le thusitse thata ka go kgala dingaka tse di pegang ditlhotlhwa tsa kalafi ya tsona kwa marung, kgotsa tse ka ntlha ya botlhaswa le bofafalele di bolayang batho.
MAINA A MAWA MANGWE
Majwana a ga ntshang nkgekgetho motseng Mosadi fa a le sebuo segolo Lo mo agele mo serokameleng Lo be lo mo segele mosese wa phoko A tle a re a bua a ba a o tswele A bua ‘jourata’, fa pele ga banna Ka e le modipa wa mosadi
Ke majwana a ga ntsha-nkgekgetho motseng A a tlhapadima Ke tlhapile le rrangwane tsibogong A ntlhapisa letšopotšopo la go tsewa ke kubu le kwena Ke rrangwane wa eng o sa nthateng? E reng re latetse motlhala wa dikgomo A ntshadise kwa morago, E re re bona wa dinare. A nketeletse pele! Ke rrangwane wa eng o sa nthateng, E reng re gama a mpetsa ka mokgothi wa kgamelo?
Ke majwana a ga Tshelebanya, mphiphianya, Majwana a a tlhapadima.
BONGAKA
Tema ya botlhokwa fa, ga se go re batho ba sianele kwa bongakeng jwa Setswana, ba latlha jwa Sekgowa. Gape ga go twe batho ba ipee thata mo go jone, gonne foo go a tle go nne kotsi. Go gongwe e a re le motho a fatlhwa ke lotlhokwa kampo phatsa, a tlhajwa ke mmutlwa, a longwa ke noga kgotsa a tlhajwa ke kgomo fela a be a re ke gore mongwe o mo setse morago. Go gongwe le ngwana a palelwa kwa sekolong go a twe ke gore o loilwe. Se se ka tloga sa timeletsa batho ditlhaloganyo, sa di faposa, e be e le gore jaanong motho ga a tlhole a kgongwa ke ntsi; fa go reng fela o tabogela kwa go reaitse.
LENYALO
Fa go rulaganngwa tiro ya lenyalo, go simololwa ka go isiwa lefoko pele kwa gaabo mosetsana. Lefoko le isiwa ke bagolo ba mosimane fa ba fetsa ba kopa go tla go bona motse le go fiwa lokwalo le dilwana tse ba di lopa, dilwana tse di akaretsa jase ya ga malome, thipa, selepe, jeremane ya ngwana jalojalo le dikgomo tsa magadi. Morago ga go bona motse le go tsaya lokwalo batsadi ba mosimane ba ya go kopana ba bo ba bona gore a dilo tse di lopilweng di mmogo. Fa di le mmogo ba ya go kopa go beelwa letsatsi le ba tlaa tlisang dilo tse ka lone.
BANA
BASIMANE LE BASETSANA
Botshelo jwa gompieno bo neela basimane le basetsana nako e ntsi ya go nna mmogo, ka gore batshameka mmogo e bile ba tsena sekolo le go dira dithuto tse di tshwanang. Botsalano jwa bone e nna jo bo tseneletseng thata. Basetsana ba kgona go dira ditiro tse di batlang maatla tse mo tlwaelong di neng di dirwa ke basimane, fela jaaka go dira kwa moepong mme basimane ba dira ditiro tsa go roka le go apaya tse di neng di tlwaelesegile e le tsa basetsana. Fa basimane le basetsana ba tsena mo nakong ya go tlelwa ke maikutlo a se eng, a ba fitlhela e setse e le ditsala, mme se se dire gore ba batle go kgotsofatsa maikutlo a bona ka ba na le kgololosego e ntsi.