cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Hatna Danarda
Kahirupan Pribadi
Arda lahir di Madiun tanggal 17 Juni 1988. Manéhna kungsi ilubiung dina acara Indonesian Idol sési kalima taun 2008. Arda kaéliminasi dina tanggal 26 April 2008. Taun 2010, manéhna resmi ngagabung jeung Naff ngagantikeun posisi Ady. Arda ogé beubeureuh ti vokalis Kotak, Tantri.
180-an
180-an nyaéta dékade atawa dasawara sanggeus Maséhi dina kalénder Gregorian nu dimimitian ti taun 180 nepi ka taun 189.
200-an
200-an nyaéta dékade atawa dasawara sanggeus Maséhi dina kalénder Gregorian nu dimimitian ti taun 200 nepi ka taun 209.
Daptar Satelit Indonésia
Di handap ieu nyaéta daptar satelit-satelit milik Indonésia anu geus atawa baris diapungkeun.
Milik Telkom
Telkom geus ngapungkeun satelitna saprak taun 1968.
Lamé
Lamé (Apocynacéae; sinonim: Echites scholaris L. Mant., Pala scholaris L. Roberty) nyaéta tutuwuhan tropis asli anak buwana India jeung Asia Tenggara nu tangkalna jangkung. Di pulo Jawa, tangkal lamé hirup di leuweung jati, leuweung campur reujeung leuweung leutik nu aya dipadésan. Hirup kalawan subur di dataran landeuh nepika 900 m dpl. Lamé sakapeung dipelak di buruan deukeut pager atawa dipelakeun pikeun tangkal hias/papaés.
Vernakular; ngaran daérah
Lamé mibanda ngaran daérah nu béda-béda, saperti di Sumatra disebutna: pulai, melayu: kayu gabuk, Jawa: pule, Madura: polay,  Kalimantan: hanjalutung,  Maluku: kaliti, reareangou, bariangow, wariangow, mariangan, deadeangow (Alf. Minahasa), Ambon: upacara, Banda: tewer, Ternate: hange,  Irian: aliag.
Ciri Mandiri
Tutuwuhan ngawangun tangkal, jangkungna 20 nepi ka 25 m. Tangkalna lempeng, bisa ngahontal diaméter 60 cm, kaina kawilang teuas. Geutahna karasa pait, kelirna bodas tur cepel.
Daun tunggal, dina sacupat bijil sababaraha daun ngsrsngksdak 4-9 lambar, kalayan cupatna  panjang 7,5-15 mm, daun beulah luhur lemes katempo ngagurilap, ari palebah handapna mah opaque, tungtung daun lemes, tulangan pinned, panjangna 10-23 cm, rubak 3  - 7,5 cm, kelirna héjo.
Kembangna; Inflorescences mibanda cupat panjang bijil tina tungtung régang, Seungit ka angseuna kelirna héjo caang nepika semu konéng pias.
Hasiat jeung kagunaan
Kulit tangkalna mibanda rasa pait bisa dimangpaatkeun pikeun, gangguan datang bulan (laxative), nyeri beuteung (stomakik), antipirina, relasver, nurunkeun tingkat gula dina  getih (hypoglycemic), obat kuat, sareng antiseptik. Dina kuda, pucuk daun lamé dianggo pikeun ubar cacingeun. Daun lamé tiasa ngagancangkeun bisul sangkat téréh asak sareng mangpaat pikeun ngagampangkeun kaluar cisusu.
Kandungan kimia
Dina kulitna mibanda alkaloid ditain, ekitamin (ditamin), ekitenin, ekitamidin, alstonin, ekiserin, ekitin, ekitein, porphyrins, sareng triterpenes. Daun ngandung picrinin, sedengkeun kembang lamé ngandung asam ursolik sareng lupeol.
File:Saptaparni (Alstonia scholaris) leaves & flowers in Kolkata W IMG 0534.jpg|thumb|left| Daun jeung kembangna di Kolkata, Bengala Kulon, India File:Saptaparni (Alstonia scholaris) leaves & fruit in Kolkata W IMG 3403.jpg|thumb|left| Daun jeung buahna di Kolkata File:Alstonia scholaris.jpg|Tangkal lamé di kampus IIT Kanpur
Rujukan
<!-- Alstonia scholaris is a small tree that grows up to 40 m tall and is glabrous. The bark is greyish; branchlets are copiously lenticellate.
The upperside of the leaves are glossy, while the underside is greyish. Leaves occur in whorls of 3-10; petioles are 1-3 cm; the leathery leaves are narrowly obovate to very narrowly spatulate, base cuneate, apex usually rounded; lateral veins occur in 25-50 pairs, at 80-90° to midvein. Cymes are dense and pubescent; peduncle is 4-7 cm long. Pedicels are usually as long as or shorter than calyx. The corolla is white and tube-like, 6-10 mm; lobes are broadly ovate or broadly obovate, 2-4.5 mm, overlapping to the left. The ovaries are distinct and pubescent. The follicles are distinct and linear.
Seeds of A. scholaris are oblong, with ciliated margins, and ends with tufts of hairs 1.5-2 cm. The bark is almost odourless and very bitter, with abundant bitter and milky sap.
Range
Alstonia scholaris is native to the following regions :
It has also been naturalised in several other tropical and subtropical climates.
Uses
The bark contains the alkaloids ditamine, echitenine and echitamine and used to serve as an alternative to quinine. At one time, a decoction of the bark was used to treat diarrhoea and malaria, as a tonic, febrifuge, emmenagogue, anticholeric and vulnerary. A decoction of the leaves were used for beriberi. Ayurveda recommends A. scholaris for bowel complaints. In Sri Lanka its light wood is used for coffins. In Borneo the wood close to the root is very light and of white colour, and is used for net floats, household utensils, trenchers, corks, etc. -->
Ubar psikoaktif
Ubar psikoaktif atawa zat psikotropika nyaéta zat kimia anu utamana mangaruhan kana sistem saraf puseur sahingga nimpah fungsi otak, nu ngabalukarkeun robahna persépsi, mud, kasadaran, jeung kalakuan. Ieu ubar bisa dipaké pikeun kasenangan ku jalan ngaleungitkeun kasadaran, pikeun éntéogén dina kagiatan spiritual atawa ritual, pikeun ngulik fungsi pikiran, jeung pikeun natambaan.
ku sabab zat psikoaktif bisa ngaganggu kasadaran ku datangna euforia atawa ngahudangkeun kaawas, biasana ieu zat matak kacanduan. Gara-gara nyandu, ieu ubar sok dipaké kaleuleuwihi, teu mikirkeun balukarna anu goréng. Mun terus-terusan, awak bisa jadi gumantung kana ieu ubar, nu beuki lila beuki hésé ninggalkeunana. Natambaan nu kacanduan bisa dipigawé ku gabungan psikoterapi, riungan pangrojong, jeung zat psikoaktif lianna anu bisa megatkeun siklus kacanduanana. <!--
Asal-usul
Drug use is a practice that dates to prehistoric times. There is archaeological evidence of the use of psychoactive substances dating back at least 10,000 years, and historical evidence of cultural use over the past 5,000 years. While medicinal use seems to have played a very large role, it has been suggested that the urge to alter one's consciousness is as primary as the drive to satiate thirst, hunger or sexual desire. Others suggest that marketing, availability or the pressures of modern life are why humans use so many psychoactives in their daily lives. However, the long history of drug use and even children's desire for spinning, swinging, or sliding indicates that the drive to alter one's state of mind is universal.
210-an
210-an nyaéta dékade atawa dasawara sanggeus Maséhi dina kalénder Gregorian nu dimimitian ti taun 210 nepi ka taun 219.
Ubar psikoaktif
Asal-usul
The 20th century has seen governments initially responding to many drugs by banning them and making their use, supply or trade a criminal offense. A notable example of this is the Prohibition era in the United States, where alcohol was made illegal for 13 years. However, many governments have concluded that illicit drug use cannot be sufficiently stopped through criminalization. In some countries, there has been a move toward harm reduction by health services, where the use of illicit drugs is neither condoned nor promoted, but services and support are provided to ensure users have the negative effects of their illicit drug use minimized. This can go hand-in-hand with supply reduction strategies by law-enforcement agencies.
Aek Tuhul, Padangsidimpuan Batunadua, Padangsidimpuan
Aek Tuhul nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Padangsidimpuan Batunadua, Kota Padangsidimpuan, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Simirik, Padangsidimpuan Batunadua, Padangsidimpuan
Simirik nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Padangsidimpuan Batunadua, Kota Padangsidimpuan, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Aek Najaji, Padangsidimpuan Batunadua, Padangsidimpuan
Aek Najaji nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Padangsidimpuan Batunadua, Kota Padangsidimpuan, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Bargottopong, Padangsidimpuan Batunadua, Padangsidimpuan
Bargottopong nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Padangsidimpuan Batunadua, Kota Padangsidimpuan, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Ubar psikoaktif
Uses of psychoactive substances
Psychoactive substances are used by humans for a number of different purposes, both legal and illicit.
Hutaimbaru, Padangsidimpuan Hutaimbaru, Padangsidimpuan
Hutaimbaru nyaéta salah sahiji Kalurahan di kacamatan Padangsidimpuan Hutaimbaru, Kota Padangsidimpuan, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Ubar psikoaktif
Painkillers
Psychoactive drugs are often prescribed to manage pain. As the subjective experience of pain is regulated by endorphins, neurochemicals that are endogenous opioids, pain can be managed using psychoactives that operate on this neurotransmitter system. This class of drugs includes narcotics, like morphine and codeine, and also NSAIDs (which don't affect endorphins) such as aspirin and ibuprofen.
Psychiatric medications
Psychiatric medications are prescribed for the management of mental and emotional disorders. There are 6 major classes of psychiatric medications:
Recreational drugs
Many psychoactive substances are used for their mood and perception altering effects, including those with accepted uses in medicine and psychiatry. Classes of drugs frequently used recreationally include: Examples include caffeine, alcohol, cocaine, LSD, and cannabis.
In many cultures, possessing or having used recreational drugs is seen as a status symbol. Recreational drugs, especially those known as club drugs, are seen as status symbols at social events such as at nightclubs and parties. This is true of many cultures throughout history; drugs have been viewed as status symbols since ancient times. For example, in ancient Egypt, gods were commonly pictured holding hallucinogenic plants.
Because there is controversy about regulation of recreational drugs, there is an ongoing debate about drug prohibition. Critics of prohibition believe that regulation of recreational drug use is a violation of personal autonomy and freedom. In the United States, critics have noted that prohibition or regulation of recreational and spiritual drug use might be unconstitutional.
Garis datar
Dina géografi, garis datar atawa garis lintang nyaéta garis rékaan anu dipaké pikeun nangtukeun patempatan di muka Bumi nujul ka garis hatulistiwa (kalér atawa kidul). Posisi garis datar biasana dilambangkeun ku perlambang dina aksara Yunani φ. Garis-garis datar dingaranan luyu jeung sudut anu diwangunna nujul ka hatulistiwa. Garis datar di hatulistiwa ngabentuk sudut 0° sedengkeun garis-garis datar nu aya di kutub ngadeukeutan 90°.
Batang Bahal, Padangsidimpuan Batunadua, Padangsidimpuan
Batang Bahal nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Padangsidimpuan Batunadua, Kota Padangsidimpuan, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
230-an
230-an nyaéta dékade atawa dasawara sanggeus Maséhi dina kalénder Gregorian nu dimimitian ti taun 230 nepi ka taun 239.
Ubar psikoaktif
Ritual and spiritual use
Certain psychoactives, particularly hallucinogens, have been used for religious purposes since prehistoric times. Native Americans have used mescaline-containing peyote cacti for religious ceremonies for as long as 5700 years. The muscimol-containing Amanita muscaria mushroom was used for ritual purposes throughout prehistoric Europe. Various other hallucinogens, including jimsonweed, psilocybin mushrooms, and cannabis have been used in religious ceremonies for centuries.
The use of entheogens for religious purposes resurfaced in the West during the counterculture movements of the 1960s and 70s. Under the leadership of Timothy Leary, new religious movements began to use LSD and other hallucinogens as sacraments. In the United States, the use of peyote for ritual purposes is protected only for members of the Native American Church, which is allowed to cultivate and distribute peyote. However, the bona fide religious use of Peyote, regardless of ancestry, is protected in Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, and Oregon.
Administration
For a substance to be psychoactive, it must cross the blood-brain barrier so it can affect neurochemical function. Psychoactive drugs are administered in several different ways. In medicine, most psychiatric drugs, such as fluoxetine, quetiapine, and lorazepam are ingested orally in tablet or capsule form. However, certain medical psychoactives are administered via inhalation, injection, or rectal suppository/enema. Recreational drugs can be administered in several additional ways that are not common in medicine. Certain drugs, such as alcohol and caffeine, are ingested in beverage form; nicotine and cannabis are often smoked; peyote and psilocybin mushrooms are ingested in botanical form or dried; and certain crystalline drugs such as cocaine and methamphetamines are often insufflated. The efficiency of each method of administration varies from drug to drug.
Effects
Psychoactive drugs operate by temporarily affecting a person's neurochemistry, which in turn causes changes in a person's mood, cognition, perception and behavior. There are many ways in which psychoactive drugs can affect the brain. Each drug has a specific action on one or more neurotransmitter or neuroreceptor in the brain.
Drugs that increase activity in particular neurotransmitter systems are called agonists. They act by increasing the synthesis of one or more neurotransmitters or reducing its reuptake from the synapses. Drugs that reduce neurotransmitter activity are called antagonists, and operate by interfering with synthesis or blocking postsynaptic receptors so that neurotransmitters cannot bind to them.
Exposure to a psychoactive substance can cause changes in the structure and functioning of neurons, as the nervous system tries to re-establish the homeostasis disrupted by the presence of the drug. Exposure to antagonists for a particular neurotransmitter increases the number of receptors for that neurotransmitter, and the receptors themselves become more sensitive. This is called sensitization. Conversely, overstimulation of receptors for a particular neurotransmitter causes a decrease in both number and sensitivity of these receptors, a process called desensitization or tolerance. Sensitization and desensitization are more likely to occur with long-term exposure, although they may occur after only a single exposure. These processes are thought to underlie addiction.
Affected neurotransmitter systems
The following is a brief table of notable drugs and their primary neurotransmitter, receptor or method of action. It should be noted that many drugs act on more than one transmitter or receptor in the brain.
Addiction
Psychoactive drugs are often associated with addiction. Addiction can be divided into two types: psychological addiction, by which a user feels compelled to use a drug despite negative physical or societal consequence, and physical dependence, by which a user must use a drug to avoid medically harmful withdrawal. Not all drugs are physically addictive, but any activity that stimulates the brain's dopaminergic reward system — typically, any pleasurable activity — can lead to psychological addiction. Drugs that are most likely to cause addiction are drugs that directly stimulate the dopaminergic system, like cocaine and amphetamines. Drugs that only indirectly stimulate the dopaminergic system, such as psychedelics, are not as likely to be addictive.
Because so many consumers want to reduce or eliminate their own use of psychoactive drugs, many professionals, self-help groups, and businesses specialize in drug rehabilitation, with varying degrees of success. Many parents attempt to influence the actions and choices of their children regarding psychoactives.
Common forms of rehabilitation include psychotherapy, support groups and pharmacotherapy, which uses psychoactive substances to reduce cravings and physiological withdrawal symptoms while a user is going through detox. Methadone, itself an opioid and a psychoactive substance, is a common treatment for heroin addiction. Recent research on addiction has shown some promise in using psychedelics to treat and even cure addictions, although this has yet to become a widely accepted practice.
Pudun Julu, Padangsidimpuan Batunadua, Padangsidimpuan
Pudun Julu nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Padangsidimpuan Batunadua, Kota Padangsidimpuan, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Pelita Bandung Raya
Pelita Bandung Raya satéacanna ngagaduhan namo '''Pelita Jaya FC nyaéta hiji kleb sepak bola di Indonesia nu gaduh markas di Kota Bandung, Jawa Barat, Indonesia.
220-an
220-an nyaéta dékade atawa dasawara sanggeus Maséhi dina kalénder Gregorian nu dimimitian ti taun 220 nepi ka taun 229.
Pelita Bandung Raya
Sajarah
Pelita Jaya FC pernah jadi juara Galatama opat kali ddina genep taun terakhir kompetisi éta satéacan Galatama dihijikeun jadi hiji dina taun 1994 ker ngabentuk Liga Indonesia bersama kompetisi Perserikatan. Di Liga Indonésia, Pelita tara pernah deui nyaruaan keberhasilan teu jiga dina mangsa-mangsa jaman Galatama, Sejak nembus babak 12 Besar dinakompetisi tahun 1994/95, prestasi nu alus Pelita nyaéta babak 8 Besar pada taun 2000.
Musim Kompetisi ISL 2010-2011, nu ngalatih tim nyaéta Lalu Mara Satria Wangsa jeung Misha Radovic. di musim 2011-2012 pelatih Misha Radovic di ganti sementara ku Asisten Pelatih Djajang Nurjaman jeung dutuluykeun ku Rahmad Darmawan. dina musim éta Pelita ngamaenkeun pertandingan kandangna di Stadion Singaperbangsa, Kabupatén Karawang, Jawa Barat, tapi nu ngaalamatkeun Kecamatan Sawangan di Dépok).
Pada taun 2012, Ari D. Sutedi, nu boga 65% saham Bandung Raya, meuli kabéh saham Pelita Jaya FC jeung ngaganti nagaranna jadi Pelita Bandung Raya. Bandung Raya sorangan anggeur main jeung tetep jadi hiji tim nu béda jeung maen di kompetisi lain nyaéta di Divisi Dua
Ngaran tim
Pelita Bandung Raya sempat beberapa kali berganti nama:
Ubar psikoaktif
Legality
The legality of psychoactive drugs has been controversial through most of recent history; the Opium Wars and Prohibition are two historical examples of legal controversy surrounding psychoactive drugs. However, in recent years, the most influential document regarding the legality of psychoactive drugs is the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, an international treaty signed in 1961 as an Act of the United Nations. Signed by 73 nations including the United States, the USSR, India, and the United Kingdom, the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs established Schedules for the legality of each drug and laid out an international agreement to fight addiction to recreational drugs by combatting the sale, trafficking, and use of scheduled drugs. All countries that signed the treaty passed laws to implement these rules within their borders. However, some countries that signed the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, such as the Netherlands, are more lenient with their enforcement of these laws.
In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has authority over all drugs, including psychoactive drugs. The FDA regulates which psychoactive drugs are over the counter and which are only available with a prescription. However, certain psychoactive drugs, like alcohol, tobacco, and drugs listed in the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs are subject to criminal laws. The Controlled Substances Act of 1970 regulates the recreational drugs outlined in the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs. Alcohol is regulated by state governments, but the federal National Minimum Drinking Age Act penalizes states for not following a national drinking age. Tobacco is also regulated by all fifty state governments. Most people accept such restrictions and prohibitions of certain drugs, especially the "hard" drugs, which are illegal in most countries.
In the medical context, psychoactive drugs as a treatment for illness is widespread and generally accepted. Little controversy exists concerning over the counter psychoactive medications in antiemetics and antitussives. Psychoactive drugs are commonly prescribed to patients with psychiatric disorders. However, certain critics believe that certain prescription psychoactives, such as antidepressants and stimulants, are overprescribed and threaten patients' judgement and autonomy. -->
250-an
250-an nyaéta dékade atawa dasawara sanggeus Maséhi dina kalénder Gregorian nu dimimitian ti taun 250 nepi ka taun 259.
Digit (hijian)
Digit (lat. finger), nalika dipaké minangka hijian panjang, ilaharna nyaéta sapergenepbelas suku, contona 3/4″ atawa 1.905 cm (keur internasional inci). Rubak tungtung ramo lalaki sawawa nyaéta kurang leuwih 2 sentiméter. Di Inggris hijian ieu ampir teu dipaké, sabab aya ukuran séjén nu dumasar kana leungeun manusa: ramo (7/6 digit), tapak (4 digit), bekem (16/3 digit), shaftment (8 digit), jeungkal (12 digit), cubit (24 digit) jeung elo (60 digit).
Sacara umum, digit sarua jeung kuku, sanajan hijian éta bisa ogé dipaké sacara béda. Digit katelah ogé minangka hiji nomer contona Nambahkeun sakabéh digit.
Médan Listrik
Médan listrik nyaéta éfék anu ditimbulkan ku ayana muatan listrik, saperti éléktron, ion, atawa proton, dina rohangan sabudeureunana. Médan listrik mibanda hijian N/C atawa dibaca newton/coulomb. Médan listrik umumna diajarkeun dina élmu fisika sarta widang-widang nu patali. Sacara teu langsung, widang éléktronika geus ngamangpaatkeun médan listrik nu aya dina kawat konduktor (kabel).
Asal médan listrik
Rumus matematika pikeun médan listrik bisa diturunkeun tina Hukum Coulomb, nyaéta nu ngarumuskeun gaya antara dua titik muatan:
.
Nurutkeun rumus ieu, gaya dina salah sahiji titik muatan babanding lempeng jeung gedé muatanana. Médan listrik didéfinisikeun minangka hiji konstanta babandingan antara muatan jeung gaya Andrew Duffy, Electric field, PY106/Electricfield.html, 7-7-99.:
Mangka, médan listrik gumantung kana patempatan (posisi).
Hiji médan, mangrupa hiji véktor anu gumantung kana véktor séjénna. Medan listrik bisa dianggap salaku gradién tina poténsial listrik. Lamun sawatara muatan anu disebarkeun ngahasilkeun poténsial listrik, gradién poténsial listrik bisa ditangtukeun.
Konstanta k
Dina rumus listrik mindeng dipanggihan konstanta k salaku gaganti ti (dina tulisan ieu tetep dipaké anu pamungkas), di mana konstanta k\! kasebut boga harga Reference Tables for Physical setting/Physics, 2002 Edition, The University of The State of New York, 2002.:
anu mindeng disebut konstanta kasataraan gaya listrik J.S. Covacs, Coulomb's Law, Physnet, MISN-0-114, hal 3.
Ngitung médan listrik
Pikeun ngitung médan listrik dina hiji titik \! \vec{r} alatan ayana hiji titik muatan \! q anu perenahna dina dipaké rumus: Tempo: Vector Notation, vec-not-prae, revised 6/02.
Panyederhanaan anu kurang pas
Umumna pikeun ngalakonan panyederhanaan dipilih puseur koordinat silih hapit jeung titik muatan \! q anu perenahna dina sahingga dihasilkeun rumus jiga nu dituliskeun dina awal artikel ieu, atawa lamun dituliskeun balik dina notasi vektornya:
.
Disarankeun pikeun ngagunakeun rumusan anu ngalibetkeun sarta \! \vec{r} alatan leuwih umum, sarta bisa dilarapkeun pikeun kasus nu ngandung muatan leuwih ti hiji sarta ogé dina distribusi muatan, boh distribusi diskrit boh kontinu. Panyederhanaan ieu ogé sakapeung ngajadikeun pamahaman dina ngitung médan listrik jadi saeutik rada teu jelas. Sajaba ti éta ogé lantaran panyederhanaan ieu ngan mangrupa salah sahiji kasus husus dina itungan médan listrik (kasus ku hiji titik muatan di mana titik muatan ditempatkeun di puseur koordinat).
Tanda muatan listrik
Muatan listrik bisa boga harga négatif, enol (heneuweuh muatan atawa jumlah hijian muatan positif jeung négatif sarua) sarta négatif. Harga muatan ieu baris mangaruhan itungan médan listrik dina hal tandana, nyaéta positif atawa négatif (atawa enol). Lamun dina saban titik di sabudeureun hiji muatan (atawa leuwih) diitung medan listrikna sarta digambarkeun vektor-vektorna, mangka baris katémbong garis-garis anu silih sambung, anu disebut sabagé garis-garis médan listrik. Tanda muatan nangtukeun naha garis-garis médan listrik anu dihasilkeun téh asalna tina éta muatan atawa nuju ka éta muatan. Geus ditangtukeun (dumasar kana gaya anu dirandapan ku muatan uji positif), yén
Gradién poténsial listrik
Médan listrik bisa ogé diitung lamun hiji poténsial listrik \!U dipikanyaho, ngaliwatan itungan gradiénna Carl R. Nave, Electric Field as Gradient, Hyperphysics, electric/efromv.html#c2, 2006.:
di mana
pikeun sistem koordinat kartésian.
Énergi médan listrik
Médan listrik nyimpen énergi. Rapet énergi hiji médan listrik dijelaskeun ku David Land, Electrostatic field energy, ELMAG305/em8a/sld006.htm, 18.10.1999 17:05:51.
kalawan
Total énérgi anu kasimpen dina médan listrik dina hiji volume V\! nyaéta
Distribusi muatan listrik
Médan listrik henteu waé ngan ditimbulkan ku hiji muatan listrik, tapi ogé bisa ditimbulkan ku leuwih ti hiji muatan listrik, malah ku distribusi muatan listrik boh anu diskrit boh anu kontinu. Conto-conto distribusi muatan listrik nyaéta:
Kumpulan titik-titik muatan
Pikeun titik-titik muatan anu sumebar sarta jumlahna henteu réa teuing, médan listrik dina sahiji titik (lain dina salah hiji titik muatan) bisa diitung ku cara ngajumlahkeun véktor médan listrik dina titik-titik kasebut akibat unggal muatan. Dina kasus ieu leuwih alus dituliskeun
anu dibaca, médan listrik di titik \vec{r} akibat ayana muatan \! q_i anu perenahna dina \vec{r}_i. Ku kituna médan listrik di titik \vec{r} akibat sakabéh muatan anu sumebar dituliskeun sabagé
anu baris ngahasilkeun
ku kituna
anu ngahasilkeun yén médan listrik dina titik kasebut nyaéta enol.
Kawat panjang lempeng
Kawat panjang lempeng mangrupa salah sahiji wangun distribusi muatan anu narik ati lantaran lamun panjangna diupamakeun teu-boga tungtung, itungan muatan dina hiji jarak ti kawat jeung perenahna di tengah-tengah badan kawat, jadi kacida gampang.
Pikeun hiji kawat anu lempeng dina sumbu x\!, dina jarak z\! di luhurna, sarta kawat manteng ti -a\! nepi ka b\! ti titik proyeksi P\! dina kawat, médan listrik di titik kasebut bisa diitung gedéna, nyaéta:
Saperti nu geus disebutkeun di luhur, lamun jeung  mangka kalawan ngagunakeun dalil L'Hospital dihasilkeun
Atawa lamun kawat nu ditempatkeun sajajar jeung sumbu-z sarta widang x-y ditembus kawat sacara ajeg lempeng, mangka médan listrik di hiji titik nu jarakna \!r ti kawat, médan listrikna nyaéta
di mana \hat{\rho} nyaéta véktor hijian radial dina koordinat silinder:
di mana \phi\! nyaéta sudut anu dijieun ku sumbu-x positif.
Lubuk Raya, Padangsidimpuan Hutaimbaru, Padangsidimpuan
Lubuk Raya nyaéta salah sahiji Kalurahan di kacamatan Padangsidimpuan Hutaimbaru, Kota Padangsidimpuan, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
270-an
270-an nyaéta dékade atawa dasawara sanggeus Maséhi dina kalénder Gregorian nu dimimitian ti taun 270 nepi ka taun 279.
Gandari
Gandari (basa Sansakerta:गांधारी; Gāndhārī) nyaéta ngaran salah saurang inohong dina wiracarita Hindu, Mahabarata. Dina carita ieu, manéhna mangrupa puteri Subala, Raja Gandara (nu kiwari disebut Kandahar), nyaéta wewengkon anu ngawengku Pakistan kulon ngalér sarta Afganistan wétan. Gandari ngadahup ka Dréstarata, anak Pandu pangkolotna. Saprak boga salaki ka Dréstarata, Gandari ngahaja nutupan panonna sangkan henteu bisa ngarasakeun keéndahan dunya alatan hayang milu ngarasakeun kasusah salakina nu teu busa nénjo.
Indung para Kurawa
Gandari boga saratus urang anak lalaki (kabéhanana disebut Kurawa) sarta saurang anak awéwé nu ngaranna Dursala anu ngadahup ka Jayadrata. Dina waktu kakandungan, manéhna ngarasa sirik ka Kunti anu geus mibanda anak, sedengkeun manéhna sorangan tacan dibéré kasinugrahan mangrupa turunan. Sabot anakna lahir, anu kaluar tina kandunganana lain orok tapi sagumpal daging. Gandari saterusna ménta tulung ka Abyasa, saurang resi sakti anu geus noreh yén manéhna baris mibanda saratus urang anak. Abyasa satuluyna nyiksikan daging kasebut jadi saratus potong, sarta diasupkeun kana gentong tuluy dikubur salila sataun. Sanggeus gentong-gentong kasebut digali deui, ti saban potongan daging éta tumuwuh saurang anak, anu satuluyna jadi Kurawa.
Lembah Lubuk Manik, Padangsidimpuan Hutaimbaru, Padangsidimpuan
Lembah Lubuk Manik nyaéta salah sahiji Kalurahan di kacamatan Padangsidimpuan Hutaimbaru, Kota Padangsidimpuan, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Gandari
Indung para Kurawa
Di antara Kurawa, anu kasohor nyaéta Duryodana jeung Dursasana, inohong antagonis dina Mahabarata, sarta maranéhanana kabéh perlaya dina perang ngalawan dulur misan maranéhanana, nyaéta Pandawa, di Kurusétra.
Sanajan kabéh anak Gandari disebut inohong nu jahat, ajaran moral anu luhur dina Mahabharata bisa dipetik ti Gandari. Manéhna tutuluyan mamatahan anakna sangkan ngalakonan darma sarta damé jeung Pandawa. Gandari deukeut jeung Kunti anu ngahormat jiga ka lanceuk.
Kasinugrahan Gandari
Dina waktu lumangsungna perang antara Kurawa jeung Pandawa, anak Gandari hiji-hiji nungtutan garugur nepi ka ahirna ngan Duryodana anu nyésa. Sieun turunanana ancur, Gandari méré kasinugrahan ka Duryodana sangkan anakna kasebut weduk tina sagala rupa serangan musuh. Manéhna ngajurung Duryodana supaya mandi sarta sanggeus éta datang manggihan indungna dina kaayaan buligir. Dina waktu Duryodana indit pikeun manggihan indungna, manéhna papanggih jeung Kresna anu karék ngadatangan Gandari. Kresna moyok Duryodana anu teu boga kaéra alatan daék nyanghareup ka indungna dina kaayaan buligir teu dibaju sacewir-cewir acan. Ku alatan éra ku pamoyok Kresna, Duryodana nyokot lawon sarta nutupan larangananan ogé pingpingna. Sanggeus éta manéhna indit deui manggihan indungna.
Sabot Duryodana anjog, Gandari langsung muka panutup panonna sarta nempo Duryodana. Dina waktu panonna kabuka, sinar ajaib mecenghul sarta méré kakuatan ka Duryodana. Tapi waktu manéhna nyaho yén anakna nutupan bagian sabudeureun laranganana, Gandari nyarita yén bagian kasebut moal weduk ku serangan musuh alatan henteu meunang siraman kakuatan. Ramalan Gandari jadi kanyataan. Dina waktu Duryodana tarung jeung Bima dina perang poé kadalapan belasna, Duryodana gugur alatan pingpingna anu henteu weduk digebug ku gada Bima.
Supata Gandari
Sanggeus perang di Kurusétra lekasan, Gandari nyeungceurikan gugurna saratus anakna. Gandari ngahujat Kresna anu ngantep perang lumangsung. Manéhna ogé menyalahkan Kresna anu henteu sanggup nyegah peperangan sarta henteu bisa ngadamékeun dua pihak. Kresna nyarita yén kawajibanana nyaéta nangtayungan bebenaran, lain nyegah peperangan. Saterusna Gandari nyupata Kresna, yén kulawarga Kresna, nyaéta Wangsa Wresni, baris tumpur alatan silih binasakeun. Kresna nampa supata kasebut bari imut sarta sadar yén Wangsa Wresni moal bisa diéléhkeun kajaba ku sasamana. Tilu puluh genep taun sanggeus supata kasebut diucapkan, Wangsa Wresni ngarandapan perang rongkah jeung bangsana sorangan. Maranéhanana silih paéhan. Ngan Kresna, Baladéwa, sarta para wanoja anu bisa tahan hirup. Sanggeus éta, padumukan Wangsa Wresni, nyaéta Karajaan Dwaraka, tikerelep kana jero laut sarta ngamusnahkeun bangsa kasebut. Kresna jeung Baladéwa tatapa dina jero leuweung samentara para wanoja ngungsi ka Kurusétra.
Pati
Sanggeus Pandawa meunang perang di Kurusétra, Yudistira meunang restu pikeun jadi raja. Samentara éta, Dréstarta mimiti sadar ku umurna anu kolot sarta mutuskeun pikeun ngumbara jadi patapa di jero leuweung di Himalaya. Gandari ngabaturan salakina bareng jeung baraya sarta iparna, kawas Widura, Kunti, jeung Sanjaya. Di dinya, Gandari, salakina katut barayana kabeuleum ku seuneu leuweung nu kahuruan.
240-an
240-an nyaéta dékade atawa dasawara sanggeus Maséhi dina kalénder Gregorian nu dimimitian ti taun 240 nepi ka taun 249.
Garis Nangtung
Garis nangtung nu kadangkala dilambangkeun ku aksara Yunani λ, nyaéta garis nu ngagambarkeun lokasi hiji patempatan di wétan atawa kulon Bumi nujul kana hiji garis rujukan anu disebut Méridian Utama. Lokasi hiji garis nangtung ditangtukeun dumasar kana sudut anu diwangunna nujul kana Méridian Utama ti 0° di Meridian Utama nepi ka +180° arah wétan sarta −180° arah kulon. Sanajan kartografer Britania Raya geus lila ngagunakeun méridian Observatorium Greenwich di London, rujukan séjénna ogé dipaké di tempat anu béda, kaasup Ferro, Roma, Kopenhagen, Yerusalem, Saint Petersburg, Pisa, Paris, Philadelphia, sarta Washington, D.C.. Dina taun 1884, Konférénsi Méridian Internasional ngagunakeun méridian Greenwich salaku Méridian utama universal atawa titik enol pikeun garis nangtung.
Sabungan Jae, Padangsidimpuan Hutaimbaru, Padangsidimpuan
Sabungan Jae nyaéta salah sahiji Kalurahan di kacamatan Padangsidimpuan Hutaimbaru, Kota Padangsidimpuan, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
290-an
290-an nyaéta dékade atawa dasawara sanggeus Maséhi dina kalénder Gregorian nu dimimitian ti taun 290 nepi ka taun 299.
300-an
300-an nyaéta dékade atawa dasawara sanggeus Maséhi dina kalénder Gregorian nu dimimitian ti taun 300 nepi ka taun 309.
310-an
310-an nyaéta dékade atawa dasawara sanggeus Maséhi dina kalénder Gregorian nu dimimitian ti taun 310 nepi ka taun 319.
Huta Padang, Padangsidimpuan Hutaimbaru, Padangsidimpuan
Huta Padang nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Padangsidimpuan Hutaimbaru, Kota Padangsidimpuan, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
280-an
280-an nyaéta dékade atawa dasawara sanggeus Maséhi dina kalénder Gregorian nu dimimitian ti taun 280 nepi ka taun 289.
260-an
260-an nyaéta dékade atawa dasawara sanggeus Maséhi dina kalénder Gregorian nu dimimitian ti taun 260 nepi ka taun 269.
Palopat Pijor Koling, Padangsidimpuan Tenggara, Padangsidimpuan
Palopat Pijor Koling nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Padangsidimpuan Tenggara, Kota Padangsidimpuan, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Sihitang, Padangsidimpuan Tenggara, Padangsidimpuan
Sihitang nyaéta salah sahiji Kalurahan di kacamatan Padangsidimpuan Tenggara, Kota Padangsidimpuan, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Singali, Padangsidimpuan Hutaimbaru, Padangsidimpuan
Singali nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Padangsidimpuan Hutaimbaru, Kota Padangsidimpuan, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Palopat Maria, Padangsidimpuan Hutaimbaru, Padangsidimpuan
Palopat Maria nyaéta salah sahiji Kalurahan di kacamatan Padangsidimpuan Hutaimbaru, Kota Padangsidimpuan, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Kalénder nasional India
Kalénder nasional India (kadang-kadang disebut ogé kalénder Saka) nyaéta kalénder sipil resmi nu dipaké di India. Kalénder ieu dipaké babarengan jeung kalénder Grégori, ku Gazette of India, siaran wartana All India Radio, katut kalénder jeung komunikasi nu dikaluarkeun ku Pamaréntah India.
Kauangan publik
Kauangan publik tumali jeung panalungtikan kaduitan pamaréntah. Kaasup ngeunaan pangaluaran dina badan umum, pamajegan, panghasilan ti milik pamaréntah, sarta dana tina sambetan/injeuman.
Kalénder nasional India
Istilah ieu bisa nujul ogé kana kalénder Hindu, sarta jaman Saka ilahar dipaké ku kalénder-kalénder nu béda-béda.
Kauangan publik
Cutatan
Webster's New World Finance and Investment Dictionary
Kalénder nasional India
Struktur kalénder
Ngaran bulan-bulana dicokot tina kalénder bulan-panonpoé Hindu nu aya saméméhna, antukna sababaraha varéasi dina éjahan geus pasti aya, tur bisa jadi mangrupa hiji sumber nu ngabingungkeun kana tanggal-tanggal din ahiji kalénder.
Taun-tauna diitung dina Jaman Saka, nu ngamimitian taun 0na dina taun 78 Jaman Kristen. Pikeun nangtukeun taun kabisat, urang bisa nambahkeun 78 kana taun Saka - lamun hasilna mangrupa taun kabisat dina kalénder Grégori, mangka taun Saka ogé bakal mangrupa taun kabisat. <!--
Adopsi
The calendar was introduced by the Calendar Reform Committee in 1957, as part of the Indian Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac, which also contained other astronomical data, as well as timings and formulae for preparing Hindu religious calendars, in an attempt to harmonise this practice. Despite this effort, local variations based on older sources such as the Surya Siddhanta may still exist.
Usage officially started at Chaitra 1, 1879 Saka Era, or March 22 1957. However, government officials seem to largely ignore the New Year's Day of this calendar in favour of the religious calendar.
Rashtriya Panchang
The Reform Committee also formalised a religious calendar, referred to as the Rashtriya Panchang. This, like many regional calendars, defines a lunisolar calendar based on the authoritative version of the Surya Siddhanta from the 10th century.
The word panchang is derived from the Sanskrit panchangam (pancha, five; anga, limb), which refers to the five limbs of the calendar: the lunar day, the lunar month, the half-day, the angle of the sun and moon, and the solar day.
330-an
330-an nyaéta dékade atawa dasawara sanggeus Maséhi dina kalénder Gregorian nu dimimitian ti taun 330 nepi ka taun 339.
Kalénder nasional India
Rashtriya Panchang
Over time, different Brahminical bodies producing the panchangs have varied in their geographical center and other aspects of the computation, resulting in a divergence of a few days in the different regional calendars. Even within the same region, there may be more than one competing authority, occasionally resulting in disagreement on festival dates by as much as a month. The Rashtriya Panchang seeks to resolve such differences. -->
370-an
370-an nyaéta dékade atawa dasawara sanggeus Maséhi dina kalénder Gregorian nu dimimitian ti taun 370 nepi ka taun 379.
Pijor Koling, Padangsidimpuan Tenggara, Padangsidimpuan
Pijor Koling nyaéta salah sahiji Kalurahan di kacamatan Padangsidimpuan Tenggara, Kota Padangsidimpuan, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
340-an
340-an nyaéta dékade atawa dasawara sanggeus Maséhi dina kalénder Gregorian nu dimimitian ti taun 340 nepi ka taun 349.
Salambue, Padangsidimpuan Tenggara, Padangsidimpuan
Salambue nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Padangsidimpuan Tenggara, Kota Padangsidimpuan, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
380-an
380-an nyaéta dékade atawa dasawara sanggeus Maséhi dina kalénder Gregorian nu dimimitian ti taun 380 nepi ka taun 389.
May (Pokémon)
May (Haruka di Jepang, Vera di Italia) mangrupa salah sahiji nami karakter fiksi dina serial TV Pokémon. May aslina mangrupa karakter dina kaulinan video game Pokémon: Ruby, Shappire, and Emerald.
Profil
May, anu yuswana 10 taun (sami sareng Ash Ketchum) nyaéta putra istrina Petalburg City Gym Léader, Norman. May gaduh rai anu namina Max.
Awalna May teu resep ka anu namina Pokemon, tapi lami-lami dirina ahirna resep ka Pokemon. Pokemon munggaranana nu ogé mangrupa hadiah ti Professor Birch nyaéta Torchic. Salian ti Torchic, May ogé gaduh Pokemon sapertos Bulbasaur jeung Skitty.
Dina hal pakéan, May teu tiasa leupas tina bandana sareng sarung tangan anu dipapake ka mana wae. Salian ti eta, May ogé rewog kana barangdahar. Leuwih ti batan Ash atawa Brock.
Pangeusi sorana dina serial TV nyaéta aktris Veronica Taylor jeung Michelle Knotz.
Biogas
Biogas hartina gas biosuluh nu dihasilkeun tina cernaan anaérobik atawa fermentasi zat organik, kayaning runtah organik, tai sapi, dina kaayaan anaérob. Biogas utamana ngandung métana jeung karbon dioksida.
Biogas bisa dipaké pikeun suluh kendaraan, ngahasilkeun listrik, atawa bisa langsung diduruk pikeun kaperluan masak, jsb. <!--
Biogas and anaerobic digestion
Biogas production by anaerobic digestion is popular for treating biodegradable waste because valuable fuel can be produced while destroying disease-causing pathogens and reducing the volume of disposed waste products. It combusts more cleanly than coal, and produces more energy with less emissions of carbon dioxide. The harvesting of biogas is an important role of waste management because methane is a greenhouse gas with a greater global warming potential than carbon dioxide. The carbon in biogas was generally recently extracted from the atmosphere by photosynthetic plants, so releasing it back into the atmosphere adds less total atmospheric carbon than the burning of fossil fuels.
Recently, developed countries have been making increasing use of biogas generated from both wastewater and landfill sites or produced by mechanical biological treatment systems for municipal waste. High energy prices and increases in subsidies for electricity generated from renewable energy (such as renewables obligation certificates) and drivers such as the EU Landfill Directive have led to much higher utilisation of biogas sources.
Landfill gas
Landfill gas is produced from organic waste disposed of in landfill. The waste is covered and compressed mechanically and by the pressure of higher levels. As conditions become anaerobic the organic waste is broken down and landfill gas is produced. This gas builds up and is slowly released into the atmosphere. This is hazardous for three key reasons:
Biogas typical composition range
The composition of biogas varies depending upon the origin of the anaerobic digestion process. Landfill gas typically has methane concentrations around 50%. Advanced waste treatment technologies can produce biogas with 55-75%CH4.
Siloxanes and gas engines
In some cases, biogas from landfills and sewage treatment contains siloxanes. During combustion of biogas containing siloxanes, silicon is released and can combine with free oxygen or various other elements in the combustion gas. Deposits are formed containing mostly silica (SiO_{2}) or silicates (Si_{x}O_{y}) in general, but can also contain calcium, sulphur, zinc, phosphor… as indicated by the analysis piston scrapings from biogas-fired engines. These (mostly white) deposits can ultimately build to a surface thickness of several millimetres and are difficult to remove by chemical or mechanical means.
360-an
360-an nyaéta dékade atawa dasawara sanggeus Maséhi dina kalénder Gregorian nu dimimitian ti taun 360 nepi ka taun 369.
Biogas
Siloxanes and gas engines
In internal combustion engines deposits on pistons and cylinder heads are extremely abrasive and even a small amount is sufficient to cause enough damage to the engine to require a complete overhaul at 5,000 h or less of operation. The damage is similar to that caused by carbon build up during light load running of diesel engines. Deposits on the turbine of the turbocharger will eventually reduce the charger’s efficiency.
Luckily, simply cooling the gas to roughly -4 C is suficaint to remove siloxanes due to condensantion.
Stirling engines are more resistant against siloxanes, though deposits on the tubes of the heat exchanger will reduce the efficiency.
Biogas to natural gas
If biogas is cleaned up sufficiently, biogas has the same characteristics as natural gas. In this instance the producer of the biogas can utilize the local gas distribution networks. The gas must be very clean to reach pipeline quality. Water (H2O), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and particulates are removed if present at high levels or if the gas is to be completely cleaned. Carbon dioxide is less frequently removed, but it must also be separated to achieve pipeline quality gas. If the gas is to be used without extensively cleaning, it is sometimes cofired with natural gas to improve combustion. Biogas cleaned up to pipeline quality is called renewable natural gas or biomethane.
Applications of renewable natural gas
In this form the gas can be now used in any application that natural gas is used for. Such applications include distribution via the natural gas grid, electricity production, space heating, water heating and process heating. If compressed, it can replace compressed natural gas for use in vehicles, where it can fuel an internal combustion engine or fuel cells.
Gober gas is a biogas generated out of cow dung. In India, gober gas is generated at the countless number of micro plants (an estimated more than 2 million) attached to households. The gober gas plant is basically an airtight circular pit made of concrete with a pipe connection. The manure is directed to the pit (usually directed from the cattle shed). The pit is then filled with a required quantity of water (usually waste water). The gas pipe is connected to the kitchen fire place through control valves. The flammable methane gas generated out of this is practically odorless and smokeless. The residue left after the extraction of the gas is used as biofertiliser. Owing to its simplicity in implementation and use of cheap raw materials in the villages, it is often quoted as one of the most environmentally sound energy source for the rural needs.
United States
In the United States, because landfill gas contains these VOCs, the United States Clean Air Act and Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) requires landfill owners to estimate the quantity of non-methane organic compounds (NMOCs) emitted. If the estimated NMOC emissions exceeds 50 tonnes per year the landfill owner is required to collect the landfill gas and treat it to remove the entrained NMOCs. Treatment of the landfill gas is usually by combustion. Because of the remoteness of landfill sites it is sometimes not economically feasible to produce electricity from the gas.
Rujukan
-->
350-an
350-an nyaéta dékade atawa dasawara sanggeus Maséhi dina kalénder Gregorian nu dimimitian ti taun 350 nepi ka taun 359.
400-an
400-an nyaéta dékade atawa dasawara sanggeus Maséhi dina kalénder Gregorian nu dimimitian ti taun 400 nepi ka taun 409.
Warung Telekomunikasi
Warung télékomunikasi atawa wartel nyaéta tempat anu disadiakeun pikeun nyadiakeun jasa telekomunikasi pikeun umum anu ditungguan sarta mangrupa bagian tina telepon umum. Panunggu wartel nyaéta jelema anu digawé dina jero wangunan wartel anu bisa boga sipat tetep atawa pipindahan (wartel nu maké mobil boks).
Dina jero wartel aya kamar telepon umum atawa dina basa Indonésia disebut Kamar Bicara Umum (KBU) nu eusina mangrupa terminal telepon pikeun dipaké ku pamaké jasa. Telepon dina jero KBU bisa dipaké pikeun telepon lokal, antarwilayah interlokal (SLJJ), atawa sambungan langsung internasional. Waragad pamakéan jasa télékomunikasi dibayarkeun langsung ku konsumén di wartel luyu jeung tarif pulsa anu lumaku ditambah tarif jasa wartel.
Panyadia jasa wartel saeutikna ngagunakeun dua sambungan télékomunikasi. Nu boga wartel nyaéta pribadi, badan usaha milik daerah (BUMD), badan usaha milik swasta, atawa koperasi. Nu boga wartel ngagabung dina Asosiasi Pangusaha Wartel Indonésia (APWI) anu ngadeg dina tanggal 8 Januari 1992.
An Naziat
Surat An Naziat (basa Arab:النّازعات) nyaéta surat ka-79 dina al Qur'an. Surat ieu kagolongkeun kana surat Makkiyah, diwangun ku 46 ayat. Dingaranan An Naziat anu hartina Malaikat-malaikat anu nyabut asalna tina kecap an aaazi’aat anu aya dina ayat kahiji surat ieu. Dingaranan ogé As Sahiroh anu dicokot tina ayat ka-14, dingaranan ogé Ath Thommah dicokot tina ayat ka-34.