cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Paternakan
Sajarah
Sistim paternakan diperkirakeun geus kira-kira saprak 9000 SM anu dimimitian jeung doméstikasi tina anjing, embé, jeung domba. Paternakan téh tumuwuh dina periode Neolitikum, nyaéta periode manusa mimiti cicing di hijidésa. Dina waktu ieu ogé, domba jeung embé nu tadina ngan dicokot dagingna wungkul, mimiti dicokot susu jeung buluna ogé (wol). Sanggeus éta manusa ogé ngumpulkeun sapi jeung munding pikeun nyokot hasil kulit jeung hasil susu jeung ngagunakeun tanagana pikeun ngabajak taneuh. Manusa ogé ngamekarkeun beternak kuda, babi, onta, jeung sajabana. Élmu ngeunaan beternak, diajarkeun di loba paguron jeung akademi sakuliahdunya. Para siswa diajar disiplin élmu saperti é lmu gizi, génétika jeung budidaya, atawa élmu réproduksi. Lulusan ti paguron tinggi éta  geus mangka aktif salaku dokter hewan, farmasi sato, ngayakeun ternak jeung industri  dahareun. Sareng sagala watesan peternak, kudu ngamekarkeun sistem paternakan nu berwawasan ékologis, ékonomis, jeung saling nyambung nepi ka paternakan industri jeung paternakan rakyat bias ngahontal katahanan pangan jeung ngurus kamiskinan.
Tujuan
Hiji widang agribisnis saperti paternakan kudu boga tujuan, nu bisa dipaké salaku meunteun kagiatan dilumangsungkeun salila beternak bener atawa salah. Conto tujuan beternak nyaéta tujuan komérsial minangka cara meunang untung. Lamun tujuan ieu nu ditetepkeun mangka sagala prinsip ékonomi perusahaan, ékonomi mikro jeung makro, konsép akuntansi jeung manajemén kudu diterapkeun. Sanajan kitu, lamun paternakan dibuka keur kaperluan pamanfaatan sumber daya, saperti taneuh atawa pikeun ngeusi waktu luang tujuan utamana mah mémang aspék komersil, tapi tetep ngarepkeun modal nu digolangkeun bisa balik deui.
2006 OX4
Ari 2006 OX4 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Amor, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.264, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 21.1. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO 111174.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
SMA Negeri 1 Sukra
SMA Negeri 1 Sukra nyaéta Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri anu aya di Kabupatén Indramayu. Alamat lengkepna di Jln. Raya Sukra-Ujunggebang Km. 0,5, Kalurahan/Désa Sukra Kacamatan Sukra, Kabupatén Indramayu, Jawa Kulon kalawan nomor NPSN 69948448.
Sitinjak, Angkola Barat, Tapanuli Kidul
Sitinjak nyaéta salah sahiji Kalurahan di kacamatan Angkola Barat, Kabupatén Tapanuli Kidul, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Suak Jampak, Rundeng, Subulussalam
Suak Jampak nyaéta salah sahiji Gampong di kacamatan Rundeng, Kota Subulussalam, Propinsi Acéh, Indonésia.
Forex
Rujukan
apa itu forex trading
(162463) 2000 JH5
Ari (162463) 2000 JH5 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Apollo, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.238, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 17.8. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO�385719.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
SMK Ika Kartika
SMK Ika Kartika nyaéta Sakola Menengah Kajuruan Swasta anu aya di Kabupatén Garut. Alamat lengkepna di Jl. H. Abdurahman No. 40 Kadungora, Kalurahan/Désa Kadungora Kacamatan Kadungora, Kabupatén Garut, Jawa Kulon kalawan nomor NPSN 69753308.
Sungai Dusun, Rantau Rasau, Tanjung Jabung Timur
Sungai Dusun nyaéta salah sahiji désa di kacamatan Rantau Rasau, Kabupatén Tanjung Jabung Timur, Propinsi Jambi, Indonésia.
Perhutaan Silau, Pulo Bandring, Asahan
Perhutaan Silau nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Pulo Bandring, Kabupatén Asahan, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Blang Krueng, Baitussalam, Aceh Besar
Blang Krueng nyaéta salah sahiji Gampong di kacamatan Baitussalam, Kabupatén Aceh Besar, Propinsi Acéh, Indonésia.
Cot Nga, Peusangan, Bireuen
Cot Nga nyaéta salah sahiji Gampong di kacamatan Peusangan, Kabupatén Bireuen, Propinsi Acéh, Indonésia.
2010 VX
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
Gadingrejo, Gading Rejo, Pringsewu
Gadingrejo nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Gading Rejo, Kabupatén Pringsewu, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Géorgia Kidul jeung Kapuloan Sandwich Kidul
Géorgia Kidul jeung Kapuloan Sandwich Kidul (South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, SGSSI) nyaéta hiji téritori peuntas laut Britania jeung téritori peuntas laut ti Uni Éropa di Samudra Atlantik beulah kidul. Géorgia Kidul panjangna 167.4 km sarta lébarna 1.4 to 37 km. Kapuloan Sandwich Kidul aya kira-kira 520 km tenggaraeun Géorgia Kidul. Total aréa daratan ti wewengkon ieu nyaéta 3903 km2.
Taya populasi pribumi di kapuloan ieu; padumuk kiwari nyaéra Pagawé Pamaréntahan Britania, Députi Pupuhu Kantor Pos, élmuwan, jeung pagawé bantuan ti Survéy Antartika Britania nu ngurus markas kaélmuan di Pulo Manuk jeung di ibu kota, Titik Raja Edward, ogé sadaya pagawé musieum di Grytviken.
Britania Raya ngaklaim kadaulatan kana Géorgia Kidul dina 1775 jeung Kapuloan Sandwich Kidul dina 1908. Dina 1908, Britania Raya nganéksasi Géorgia Kidul jeung Kapuloan Sandwich Kidul. Téritori "Géorgia Kidul jeung Kapuloan Sandwich Kidul" (South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands) diwangun dina 1985; saméméhna, diparéntah salaku bagian ti Depéndensi Kapuloan Falkland. Argéntina ngaklaim Géorgia Kidul dina 1927 jeung ngaklaim Kapuloan Sandwich Kidul dina 1938.
Cibanténg, Sukaresmi, Cianjur
Cibanténg nyaéta salah sahiji désa di kacamatan Sukaresmi, Kabupatén Cianjur, Propinsi Jawa Barat, Indonésia.
Tasma
Tasma, (basa hormat: Kacasoca) ogé disebut kacamata atawa kacapanon nyaéta rarangka nu nyekelan lénsa nu dipakéna di hareupeun salah sahiji atawa dua panon pikeun menerkeun tetempoan atawa protéksi tina cahya nu ngabahayakeun panon (conto: cahya ultrabungur. Kiwari tasma ilahar mibanda ogé hiji jambatan antara lénsa kénca jeung katuhu, sapasang kuda-kudana nu némpél kana irung, sarta kakait kana dua ceuli. Salian ti éta, kiwari loba tasma geus jadi alat pikeun ngagaya jeung alat bantu lamun keur lalajo pilem 3 diménsi.
Mimitian
Sajarah tasma dimimitian ti Nero, saurang kaisar Roma, anu ngawasa ti taun 54 nepi ka 68 Maséhi. Nero mindeng maké batu permata cekung pikeun maca jeung lalajo pertunjukan, sanajan kitu, euweuh nu apal yén manéhna boga masalah dina panempoannana atawa henteu.
Kapanggihna Tasma
Bangsa Cina sigana anu pangkahijina maké tasma siga tasma anu loba dipaké di jaman kiwari. Ilaharna tasmana téh dijieunna tina lénsa anu bentukna oval nu badag pisan jeung kajieun tina kristal batu jeung bingkaina tina batok kuya. Sangkan kacana bisa kacekel, bangsa Cina maké dua kawat nu dibéré beungbeurat sarta dikaitkeun kana ceuli maranéhna atawa lénsana dikaitkeun kana dudukuy atawa maké kait anu dicantolkeun kana pelipis maranéhna. Pikeun bangsa Cina, tasma ngan saukur dipaké salaku jimat kabogauntungan atawa alat pikeun maranéhna katempo leuwih hadé jeung miboga wibawa nu matak kadang maranéhna ngan maké bingkai tasmana hungkul henteu jeung lénsana.
Pamekaran
Tasma geus mulai dipikawanoh di Éropa nalika abad ka-13. Namung, ari bangsa Éropa mah maké tasma téh émang pikeun nyékasan panempoan maranéhna. Tasma anu diparaké ku maranéhna masih kénéh sarua siga tasmana bangsa Cina anu dijieunna tina batu kristal atawa batu transaparan.
Lénsa anu dipaké pikeun nyékasan panempoan cenah mah dipaké ku Abbas Ibn Firnas nalika abad ka-9. Abbas Ibn Firnas manggih cara pikeun ngaproduksi lénsa anu hérang pisan. Lénsa ieu dibentuk jeung diasah jadi batu buleud anu bisa dipaké pikeun maca nepi ka dipikawanoh salaku "batu maca".
Nalika tungtung abad ka-13, ahirna kakara kapanggih yén kaca salaku lénsa leuwih alus tibatan maké batu transparan. Hal ieu numutkeun kana panalungtikanna Sir Joseph Needham, salah saurang panalungtik ti Inggris. Panalungtikanna nunjukkeun yén tasma dipanggih 1000 taun ka tukang di Cina nu ahirna sumebar ka saniskara dunya nalika jaman datangna Marco Polo taun 1270. Hal ieu ogé disebutkeun ku Marco Polo na sorangan dina buku éta. Sanajan can tangtu bener, loba jelema nu percaya yén tukang kaca anu jadi inisiator hal ieu.
Panyampurnaan Tasma
Nalika taun 1784, Benjamin Franklin, saurang élmuwan Amérika, nyiptakeun Tasma bifokal nyaéta tasma anu kanyat dipaké pikeun nempo jarak deukeut jeung jarak jauh. <!-- Historical types include the pince-nez, monocle, and lorgnette.
Eyeglass frames are commonly made from metal, horn or plastic. Lenses were originally made from glass, but many are now made from various types of plastic, including CR-39 or polycarbonate. These materials reduce the danger of breakage and weigh less than glass lenses. Some plastics also have more advantageous optical properties than glass, such as better transmission of visible light and greater absorption of ultraviolet light. Some plastics have a greater index of refraction than most types of glass; this is useful in the making of corrective lenses shaped to correct various vision abnormalities such as myopia, allowing thinner lenses for a given prescription.
Ngaran Jepang
Ngaran Jepang modérn (人名 jinmei) mibanda ngaran kulawarga, atawa surname, dituturkeun ku ngaran diri. Saperi di Cina, Kore, Vietnam jeung sababaraha wewengkon di Thailand sarta Indonésia, ieu dumasar kana sistim ngaran diri di Asia Wetan.
Tasma
Panyampurnaan Tasma
Scratch-resistant coatings can be applied to most plastic lenses giving them similar scratch resistance to glass. Hydrophobic coatings designed to ease cleaning are also available, as are anti-reflective coatings intended to improve night vision and make the wearer's eyes more visible.
Ngaran Jepang
Ngaran tengah teu dipaké di Jepang, teu saperti dina ngaran urang kulon nu béda jeung ngaran diri.
Tasma
Panyampurnaan Tasma
Polycarbonate lenses are the lightest and most shatter-resistant, making them the best for impact protection, yet offer poor optics due to high dispersion, and having a low Abbe number of 31. CR-39 lenses are the most common plastic lenses due to their low weight, high scratch resistance, and low transparency for ultra violet and infrared radiation.
Not all glasses are designed solely for vision correction, but rather for protection, viewing visual information (such as stereoscopy) or simply just for aesthetic or fashion values. Safety glasses are a kind of eye protection against flying debris or against visible and near visible light or radiation. Sunglasses allow better vision in bright daylight, and may protect against damage from high levels of ultraviolet light.
Ngaran Jepang
Ngaran Jepang ilaharna ditulis dina kanji (karakter Han). Kanji keur hiji ngaran bisa mibanda kamanungkinan sababaraha cara maca.
Tasma
Precursors
The first suspected recorded use of a corrective lens may have been by the emperor Nero in the 1st century, who was known to watch the gladiatorial games using an emerald.
Ngaran Jepang
Ngaran kulawarga nu ilahar di Jepang nyaéta Satō (佐藤) (nu pangilaharna), Suzuki (鈴木) (kadua ilahar), Takahashi (高橋) (katilu ilahar), jeung Katō (加藤) (nu kasupuluh)  (.XLS file). Kurang leuwih aya 100,000 ngaran kulawarga di Jepang. Ngaran kulawarga ogé gumantung kana wewengkon, contona ngaran Chinen (知念), Higa (比嘉), jeung Shimabukuro (島袋) ilahar di Okinawa tapi henteu wi wewengkon Jepang séjénna. Loba ngaran kulawarga Jepang nu asalna di kaayaan alam, contona, Ishikawa (石川) hartina "batu walungan", Yamamoto (山本) hartina "dasar gunung", jeung Inoue (井上) hartina "luhureun sumur".
Tasma
Precursors
Sunglasses, in the form of flat panes of smoky quartz, protected the eyes from glare and were used in China in the 12th century or possibly earlier. However, they did not offer any corrective powers.
Ngaran Jepang
Ngaran tengah leuwih loba variasi dina cara ngucapkeun jeung karakter nu dipaké. Ngaran lalaki ilahar ditungtungan ku -rō (郎 "budak lalaki", tapi ogé 朗 "jelas, caang") atawa -ta (太 "gedé, dedeg"), atawa mibanda ichi (一 "mimiti [lalaki]"), kazu (oge ditulis ku 一 "mimiti [lalaki]", jeung sababaraha karakter séjénna), ji (二 "kadua [lalaki]" atawa 次 "saterusna"), atawa dai (大 "gedé, agung") sedengan ngaran awewe nu ilahar maké ahiran -ko (子 "budak") atawa -mi (美 "geulis"). (Mimiti taun, ngaran awewe ilahar maké ahiran -ko mimiti ngurangan keur bayi sarta sababaraha di antarana miceun -ko sanggeus dewasa.) Ahiran séjén nu ilahar keur awewe nyaéta -ka (香 "seungit, parfum" or 花 / 華 "kembang") jeung -na (奈, atawa 菜, hejo).
Tasma
Invention of eyeglasses
Around 1284 in Italy, Salvino D'Armate is credited with inventing the first wearable eye glasses. The earliest pictorial evidence for the use of eyeglasses, however, is Tomaso da Modena's 1352 portrait of the cardinal Hugh de Provence reading in a scriptorium. Another early example would be a depiction of eyeglasses found north of the Alpes in an altarpiece of the church of Bad Wildungen, Germany, in 1403.
Ngaran Jepang
Struktur
Sacara stuktur, ngaran Jepang sederhana dibandingkeun jeung ngaran tina budaya séjén. Sakabéh masarakat Jepang mibanda ngaran kulawarga jeung ngaran diri, euweuh ngaran tengah, iwal ti kulawarga Kaisar nu anggota teu boga ngaran kulawarga. Ngaran diri dina Basa Jepang disebutna the "ngaran" (名前 namae) atawa "ngaran handap" (下の名前 shita no namae). Ngaran kulawarga disebut myōji (苗字 atawa 名字), "uji" (氏) atawa sei (姓). Dina Basa Jepang, ngaran kulawarga memeh ngaran diri.
Tasma
Invention of eyeglasses
Many theories abound for to whom the credit for the invention of traditional eyeglasses belong. In 1676, Francesco Redi, a professor of medicine at the University of Pisa, wrote that he possessed a 1289 manuscript whose author complains that he would be unable to read or write were it not for the recent invention of glasses. He also produced a record of a sermon given in 1305, in which the speaker, a Dominican monk named Fra Giordano da Rivalto, remarked that glasses had been invented less than twenty years previously, and that he had met the inventor. Based on this evidence, Redi credited another Dominican monk, Fra Alessandro da Spina of Pisa, with the re-invention of glasses after their original inventor kept them a secret, a claim contained in da Spina's obituary record.
Other stories, possibly legendary, credit Roger Bacon with the invention. Bacon is known to have made the first recorded reference to the magnifying properties of lenses in 1262. His treatise De iride ("On the Rainbow"), which was written while he was a student of Robert Grosseteste, no later than 1235, mentions using optics to "read the smallest letters at incredible distances". While the exact date and inventor may be forever disputed, it is almost certainly clear that spectacles were invented between 1280 and 1300 in Italy.
Ngaran Jepang
Struktur
Aya sababaraha ngaran nu bisa jadi ngaran kulawarga atawa ngaran diri. (Contona Kaneko 金子, atawa Masuko 益子). Sanajan kitu, ilahar dina ngaran Jepang, nu ngaran kulawarga béda jeung ngaran diri, taya gantar pakair jeung nu dijéntrékeun di dieu. Sanajan kitu moal matak ngabingungkeun, sabab ngaran kulawarga salawasna ditulis saméméh ngaran diri kaasup dina Basa Inggris.
Tasma
Invention of eyeglasses
These early spectacles had convex lenses that could correct the presbyopia (farsightedness) that commonly develops as a symptom of aging. Nicholas of Cusa is believed to have discovered the benefits of concave lens in the treatment of myopia (nearsightedness). However, it was not until 1604 that Johannes Kepler published in his treatise on optics and astronomy, the first correct explanation as to why convex and concave lenses could correct presbyopia and myopia.
Ngaran Jepang
Karakter
Ngaran Jepang ilaharna ditulis dina kanji (karakter Basa Cina), sanajan aya sababaraha ngaran nu maké hiragana atawa katakana, atawa campuran kanji jeung kana. Sacara "tradisional" maca kanji ngaran maké kun'yomi (Basa Jepang asli), sabagéan gedé ngaran kulawarga jeung ngaran diri dina maca kanjina maké on'yomi (dumasar kana Basa Cina). Loba nu cara maca kanji ngan husus keur ngaran (nanori), saperti ngaran awewe Nozomi (希). Lolobana ngaran kulawarga disusun kua hiji atawa dua kanji. Aya ogé anu maké tilu karakter kanji. Sacara tipikal nyaéta Sasaki (佐々木) jeung Igarashi (五十嵐). Hon'inbō (本因坊, ngaran nu kawentar keur kulawarga pamaén go players), Shōji (東海林), Gushiken (具志堅), Sakonjū (左近充), jeung Kindaichi (金田一) contoh nu leuwih teu ilahar. Aya ogé nu ngaran kulawargana opat karakter kanji, saperti Mukainakano (向井中野), tapi ieu bener-bener jarang.
Tasma
Later developments
The American scientist Benjamin Franklin, who suffered from both myopia and presbyopia, invented bifocals in 1784 to avoid having to regularly switch between two pairs of glasses. The first lenses for correcting astigmatism were constructed by the British astronomer George Airy in 1825.
Ngaran Jepang
Karakter
Ngaran awewe loba nu suku kata tungtungna ko, ditulis maké kanji nu hartina "budak" (子). Hal ieu mimiti ilahar ti taun 1980-an, tur masih dipaké nepi ka ayeuna. Ngaran lalaki ogé aya sababaraha nu maka ahiran suku kata ko, tapi jarang maké kanji 子 (leuiwh remen, lamun ngaran lalaki maké ahiran ko, tungtungna hiko, maké kanji 彦). Ngaran tuntung ilahar keur lalaki -shi jeung -o; ngaran tungtung -shi ilaharna kecap gawe upamana, Atsushi nu hartina "bakal bajoang." Baheula (saméméh Perang Dunya II), ngaran awewe ilahar maké katakana, tapi kaayaan ieu lila-lila leungit sorangan. Hiragana keur ngaran awewe teu ilahar dipaké. Ngaran kana keur budak lalaki, sabagéan ditulis maké hiragana, sanajab ieu ogé jarang dipaké. Hal ini sabab skrip hiragana katembongna "feminin"; dina abad pertengahan Jepang, awewe ilaharna teu diajar kanji tur loba nulis maké hiragana.
Tasma
Later developments
Over time, the construction of spectacle frames also evolved. Early eyepieces were designed to be either held in place by hand or by exerting pressure on the nose (pince-nez). Girolamo Savonarola suggested that eyepieces could be held in place by a ribbon passed over the wearer's head, this in turn secured by the weight of a hat. The modern style of glasses, held by temples passing over the ears, was developed in 1727 by the British optician Edward Scarlett. These designs were not immediately successful, however, and various styles with attached handles such as "scissors-glasses" and lorgnettes remained fashionable throughout the 18th and into the early 19th century.
Ngaran Jepang
Karakter
Ngaran, saperti kecap dina Basa Jepang, teu bisa dimimitian ku suku kata n (ん, ン). Sababaraha ngaran nu tungtungna n: ngaran lalaki saperti Ken, Kon, Shin, Jun, jeung Den.
Tasma
Later developments
In the early 20th century, Moritz von Rohr at Zeiss (with the assistance of H. Boegehold and A. Sonnefeld ), developed the Zeiss Punktal spherical point-focus lenses that dominated the eyeglass lens field for many years.
Ngaran Jepang
Karakter
Babagéan ngaran kulawarga bisa dibagi kana ngaran "-tō". Kanji 藤, hartina wisteria, nu on'yomi tō (atawa, jeung rendaku, dō). Loba urang Jepang nu boga ngaran kulawarga salakau karakter kadua. Ieu sabab Fujiwara clan（藤原家）mere ngaran kulawarga samurai ku karakter mimiti dina ngaranna, nu nembongkeun status dina éra éta nu mana teu diwenangkeun ngaran kulawarga. Contona Atō, Andō, Itō (although a different final kanji is also common), Udō, Etō, Endō, Gotō, Jitō, Katō, Kitō, Kudō, Kondō, Saitō, Satō, Shindō, Sudō, Naitō, Bitō, jeung Mutō. Sababaraha ngaran kulawarga nu ilahar aya dina runtuyan ieu.
Tasma
Later developments
Despite the increasing popularity of contact lenses and laser corrective eye surgery, glasses remain very common and their technology has not stood still. For instance, it is now possible to purchase frames made of special memory metal alloys that return to their correct shape after being bent. Other frames have spring-loaded hinges. Either of these designs offers dramatically better ability to withstand the stresses of daily wear and the occasional accident. Modern frames are also often made from strong, light-weight materials such as titanium alloys, which were not available in earlier times.
Ngaran Jepang
Hesena maca ngaran
Sabagéan leutik ngaran Jepang, bagéan tina ngaran kulawarga, ngagunakeun karakter heubeul. Conto nu ilahar dipaké nyaéta keur karakter shima, pulo, bisana ditulis 嶋 keur gaganti nu ilahar 島. Sababaraha ngaran ogé maké kanji nu teu ilahar, atawa kanji nu geus teu dipaké deui dina Basa Jepang modérn. Urang Jepang nu maké ngaran ieu teu hayang ngaganti ku karakter nu sarua atawa sederhana dina karakter Basa Jepang modérn.
Tasma
Corrective
Corrective lenses modify the focal length of the eye to alleviate the effects of nearsightedness (myopia), farsightedness (hyperopia) or astigmatism. As people age, the eye's crystalline lens loses elasticity, resulting in presbyopia, which limits their ability to change focus.
Ngaran Jepang
Hesena maca ngaran
Hiji conto ngaran Saitō. Aya leuwih ti 100 kanji nu bisa dibaca sai tur leuwih ti 200 kanji keur tō, dina hal ieu, aya dua kanji ilahar keur sai. Dua karakter sai ieu mibanda harti nu béda: 斉 hartina "babarengan" atawa "paralel", tapi 斎 hartina "ngabersihan". Dua karakter nu ngabingungkeun ieu bisa nyababkeun kaeraan.
Tasma
Corrective
The power of a lens is generally measured in diopters. Over-the-counter reading glasses are typically rated at +1.00 to +4.00 diopters. Glasses correcting for myopia will have negative diopter strengths. Lenses made to conform to the prescription of an ophthalmologist or optometrist are called prescription lenses and are used to make prescription glasses.
Ngaran Jepang
Hesena maca ngaran
Salian ti hésé ieu, aya cukup pola jeung ulangan ngaran keur urang Jepang asli nu bisa kapanggih keur ngaran kulawargana jeung ngaran diri.
Aturan
Ngaran maké kanji di Jepang diatur ku aturan pamaréntah ngeunaan aturan pamakéan kanji. Nu dipaké ayeuna (Oktober 2004) 2.232 "kanji ngaran" (jinmeiyō kanji) dipaké keur ngaran diri, sarta pamaréntah ngarencanakeun keur naekeun ieu list ku nambahan 578 kanji di mangsa nu bakal datang. Ieu mangrupa tambahan panggedéna saprak Perang Dunya II. Ngan kanji nu ditetepkeun sacara resmi nu dipaké keur ngaran jalma. Hal ieu keur ngayakinkeun ngaran bisa ditulis tur dibaca dina leteratur Basa Jepang. Aturan ogé ngatur ngaran nu teu ilahar dipaké; contona dina taun 1993 aya nu ngusulkeun keur méré ngaran budakna Akuma (jurig) nu dilarang keur dipake.
Tasma
Safety
The American National Standards Institute has established standard ANSI Z87.1 for safety glasses in the United States, and similar standards have been established elsewhere.
Ngaran Jepang
Aturan
Pamaréntah Jepang ngatur sacara teges jumlah kanji nu dipaké keur ngaran nu barudak jumlahna 2,230, tapi loba karakter heubeul nu masih dipaké dina ngaran kolot. Sabab kategesan ini matak ngabingungkeun keur dipaké dina ngaran kolot, loba nu ayeuna robah malah jadi nambahan tinimbang ngurangan jumlah kanji nu meunang dipaké dina ngaran. Sanajan kitu, Pangadilan Luhur Saporo nangtukeun yén taya kakuatan pamaréntah keur teu narima nu ngadaptarkeun ngaran budak sabab aya karakter kanji nu ilahar kapanggih tapi teu kaasup kana karakter ngaran resmi nu dikaluarkeun ku Departemen Kehakiman. séjénn, pamaréntah Jepang ogé ngarencanakeun keur nambahan jumlah "nu diijinkeun" keur ngaran maké kanji.
Tasma
Safety
Some safety glasses are designed to fit over corrective glasses or sunglasses. They may provide less eye protection than goggles or other forms of eye protection, but their light weight increases the likelihood that they will actually be used. Recent safety glasses have tended to be given a more stylish design, in order to encourage their use. The pictured wraparound safety glasses are evidence of this style change with the close fitting nature of the wraparound dispensing with the need for side shields. Corrective glasses with plastic lenses can be used in the place of safety glasses in many environments; this is one advantage that they have over contact lenses.
There are also safety glasses for welding, which are styled like wraparound sunglasses, but with much darker lenses, for use in welding where a full sized welding helmet is inconvenient or uncomfortable. These are often called "flash goggles", because they provide protection from welding flash.
Ngaran Jepang
Aturan
Rencana keur nambahan jumlah kanji loba nu protes, sabab sabagéan gedé karakter Cina nu hartina "kanker", "wasir", "mayit" jeung "geugeuleuh", kaasup kana jukugo (kecap nu ngandung dua atawa leuwih kanji) hartina "sumpah", "palacuran", tur "perkosa", kaasup kana daptar tambahan. Hal ieu sabab taya ukuran keur nangtukeun kanji nu diusulkeun. Sanajan kitu, pamaréntah bakal menta asupan ti masarakat saméméh nyatujuan kana daptar tambahan.
Tasma
Safety
Nylon frames are usually used for protection eyewear for sports because of their lightweight and flexible properties. They are able to bend slightly and return to their original shape instead of breaking when pressure is applied to them. Nylon frames can become very brittle with age and they can be difficult to adjust.
Sunglasses
Sunglasses may be made with either prescription or non-prescription lenses that are darkened to provide protection against bright visible and possibly ultraviolet light.
Ngaran Jepang
Aturan
Sakabéh kompilasi ieu ogé kapanggih dina ngaran tempat di Jepang.
Teu sakabéh ngarah lengkep. Sababaraha ngan ilahar disimpulkeun ku frase tanakamura ("desa di tengah-tengah huma"): aya tilu kanji: 田 (ta, sawah), 中 (naka, tengah) tur 村 (mura, désa), babarengan dina unggal pasangan, nyieun bentuk sederhana, dipaké keur ngaran kulawarga: Tanaka, Nakamura, Murata, Nakata, Muranaka, Tamura.
Tasma
Sunglasses
Glasses with photosensitive lenses, called photochromic lenses, become darker in the presence of UV light. Unfortunately, many car windshields block the passage of UV light, making photochromic lenses less effective whilst driving on bright days. Still, they offer the convenience of not having to carry both clear glasses and sunglasses to those who frequently go indoors and outdoors during the course of a day.
Ngaran Jepang
Adat istiadat
Baheula, ngaran di Jepang dianggap milik Kaisar tur ngaran kulawarga ngagambarkeun aturan dina pamaréntahan nu "dilayani". Contona Otomo. Ngaran ogé bisa dibéré salaku kahormatan jeung kontribusina. Sababaraha ngaran kulawarga asalan tina ngaran Cina jeung ngaran Korean. Contona Kaneshiro (金城) (Cina) jeung Ō (王) (Cina).
Salila Restorasi Meiji, masarakat Jepang ilahar (masarakat séjén ti kuge jeung samurai) teu mibanda ngaran kulawarga, jeung lamun penting, diganti nu ngaran tempat lahirna. Contona Ichirō lahir di Asahi mura (désa Asahi) di propinsi Musashi bakal disebut "Ichirō ti Asahi-mura Musashi". Pelayan dibéré ngaran sanggeus tempat usahana (contona, Denbei, nu boga Sagamiya, bakal disebut Sagamiya Denbei), sarta patani ku maké ngaran bapana (contona, Fujida, nu ngaran bapana Doiji, bakal disebut "Fujida putra Doiji"). Sanggeus restorasi Meiji, pamaréntah nitah keur sakabaeh wargana keur méré ngaran kulawarga salian ti ngaran diri: loba masarakat nu nyokot dumasar kana ngaran sajarah, sedengkeun nu séjénna dumasar kana sederhana jeung tempat kulawarga tumuwuh. Ieu nerangkeun, sabagéan gedé ngaran kulawarga di Jepang kacida loba bédana dina cara ngeja jeung ngucapkeun.
Salila périodeu kulawarga nu mibanda sababaraha budak, ilahar nyebut ngaranna dumasa kana nomer kalahiran ditungtungan ku rō (郎, "putra"). Budak mimiti disebut "Ichirō", kadua "Jirō", jeung saterusna. Budak awewe ilahar dingaranan ko (子, "putri") dina tungtung ngaran dirina; teu matak bingung ku ahiran nu kurang ilahar keur budak lalaki hiko (彦). Kaayaan ieu lila-lila beuki teu ilahar, sanajan masih kénéh loba budak nu maké ngaran ieu.
Nyebut ka jeung sejenna
Cara nyebut ngaran dina paguneman gumantung kana kaayaan jeung hubungan nu ngobrol jeung nu ngadengekeun jeung ngaran nu dibawa. Ilaharna nu dipaké ngaran kulawarga, ngaran diri leuwih remen dipaké dina kaayaan informal jeung nu ngobrol leuwih kolot, leuwih senior atawa geus wanoh kana ka nu diajak ngobrol. Lamun ngobrol kanu séjén, atawa ka di luar group, gelar tambahan saperti さん -san dipaké.
Urang Jepang jarang nyebut ngaran kanu leuwih seniors atawa kasaluhureun, cukup ku maké gelar: di lingkungan kulawarga saperti okaasan ("ema"), di sakola 先生 sensei ("guru"), sedengkeun di parusahaan 社長 shachō.
Ngaran panggilan
Ilahar di Jepang nyieun singgetan ku nyokot dua morae mimiti tina kecap tur kadangkala dipaké kana ngaran (ilahar keur selebriti). Contona, Takuya Kimura (木村 拓哉), ngaran aktor jeung penyangi Jepang, jadi Kimutaku (キムタク). Kadangkala dipaké ogé keur salian ti selebriti Jepang: Brad Pitt, nu ngaran lengkepna dina Basa Jepang Buraddo Pitto (ブラッド ピット) ilahar disebut Burapi (ブラピ), Jimi Hendrix, disingget Jimihen (ジミヘン). Sababaraha selebriti Jepang ogé maké ngaran kombinasi kanji jeung katakana, saperti Beat Takeshi (Takeshi Kitano), Marcy (Masashi Tashiro), Martin (Masayuki Suzuki). <!-- Corresponding to any given name there are one or more hypocoristics, affectionate nicknames. These are formed by adding the suffix -chan ちゃん to a stem. There are two types of stem. One consists of the full given name. Examples of this type are Taroochan from Taroo, Kimikochan from Kimiko, and Yasunarichan from Yasunari. The other type of stem is a modified stem derived from the full given name. Examples of such names are: Tarochan from Taroo, Kiichan from Kimiko, and Yaachan from Yasunari. Hypochoristics with modified stems are more intimate than those based on the full given name.
Hypochoristics with modified stems are derived by adding -chan to a stem consisting of an integral number, usually one but occasionally two, of feet, where a foot consists of two moras. A mora 音節 is the unit of which a light syllable contains one and a heavy syllable two. For example, the stems that may be derived from Taroo are /taro/, consisting of two light syllables, and /taa/, consisting of a single syllable with a long vowel, resulting in Tarochan and Taachan. The stems that may be derived from Hanako are /hana/, with two light syllables, /han/, with one syllable closed by a consonant, and /haa/, with one syllable with a long vowel, resulting in Hanachan, Hanchan, and Haachan. The segmental content is usually a left substring of that of the given name. However, in some cases it is obtained by other means, including the use of another reading of the Chinese characters used to write the name. For example, a girl named Keiko may be called Meguchan because the character used to write the /kei/ of Keiko, 恵 can also be read /megu/.
Names from other ethnic groups in Japan
Many ethnic minorities, mostly Korean and Chinese, living in Japan adopt Japanese names to ease communication and, more importantly, to avoid discrimination. A few of them still keep their native names. One ethnic minority who keeps his original name is Chang Woo Han, a founder and chairman of Maruhan Corp., a large chain of pachinko parlors in Japan.
Japanese citizenship requires adopting a Japanese name. In recent decades, the government has allowed individuals to simply adopt katakana versions of their native names when applying for citizenship: Martti Turunen, who became "Tsurunen Marutei" (ツルネン マルテイ), is a famous example. Others transliterate their names into phonetically similar kanji compounds, such as David Aldwinckle, who became "Arudou Debito" (有道出人). Still others have abandoned their native names entirely in favor of traditional Japanese names, such as Lafcadio Hearn, who used the name "Koizumi Yakumo" (小泉 八雲). At the time, to gain Japanese citizenship, it was necessary to be adopted by a Japanese family (in Hearn's case, it was his wife's family) and take their name.
Ethnic Chinese and Koreans in Japan sometimes have to change the characters in their names to apply for citizenship, because of the restrictions on which kanji can be used.
Individuals born overseas with Western given names and Japanese surnames are usually given a katakana name in Western order when referred to in Japanese. Eric Shinseki, for instance, is referred to as エリック シンセキ (Erikku Shinseki).
There is a restriction (as of 2001) on the use of the "v" character in a name unless at least one of the parent is of foreign origin. The closest corresponding katakana is ヴ, which can be romanized as v or b. This affects issuing of Japanese Passport or other documentations where a romaji representation of the name is given; the letter v is replaced with b. This affects names such as Kevin (ケヴィン), which would be written as Kebin. -->
Ngaran kaisar
Kaisar Jepan jeung kulawargana teu mibanda ngaran kulawarga dumasa kana alesan sajarah, ngan ngaran diri saperti Hirohito (裕仁), nu jarang dipaké di Jepang: Urang Jepan leuwih resep nyebut "Kaisar" atawa "Putra Mahkota", keur nembongkeun hormat jeung ukuran lemesna basa.
Waktu putrana lahir di kulawarga kaisar, aranjeunna dipasihan ngaran standar, saperti gelar husus. Akihito, upamana, ngaran lahirna Tsugo-no-miya Akihito, tur dumasa kana "Ratu Tsugo" salila keur leutik. Gelar ieu ilahar dipaké nepi ka jadi kaisar atawa keur ngaran kulawrga ratu (常陸宮 Hitachi-no-miya, 三笠宮 Mikasa-no-miya, 秋篠宮 Akishino-miya, jst.).
Loba ngaran anggota kulawarga kaisar jadi ngaran nu ilahar dipaké sanggeus Perang Dunya II, tur ngasupkeun ngaran kulawarga kaisar jadi ngaran kulawarga ilahar. Contona Asaka Yasuhiko.
Sajarah ngaran
Struktur ngaran kiwari (ngaran kulawarga + ngaran diri) teu dikumpulkeun saméméh taun 1870 mangsa pamaréntah mimiti nyieun sistim registrasi ngaran kulawarga.
Dina zaman féodal, ngaran ngagambarkeun status sosial nu bogana. Ngaran ogé nembongkeun karaketan kana agama Buddha, Shintō, militer, sarjana-konfusi, padagang, buruh tani, budak jeung pagawe karajaan.
saméméh zaman féodal, ngaran marga Jepang ilahar dipaké dina sajarahna: ngaran maké no kaaseup kana kategori ieu. (No hartina tina, sanajan pakaitna tibalik dina runtuyan Basa Jepang, sarta teu sacara ilahar ditulis dina cara nuliskeun ngaran.) Mangka, Minamoto no Yoritomo (源 頼朝) nyaéta Yoritomo (頼朝) tina marga Minamoto (源). Fujiwara no Kamatari, Ki no Tsurayuki (紀 貫之), tur Taira no Kiyomori (平 清盛) conto tambahanna.
Dina sajarahna, urang Jepang maké sababaraha ngaran keur dipaké dina kaayaan anu béda. di antara nu ilahar dipaké nyaéta Azana, Imina atawa Okurina (séjénna ditarjamahkeun kana ngaran anumerta) sarta Gō atawa Kagō (ngaran samaran). Teu ilahar keur saurang mibanda leuwih ti 10 ngaran. Imina sarua jeung hiji ngaran sabenerna sarta ngaran sabenerna bakal disebut anumerta Imina. Hal ieu ku sabab dipaké sanggeus maot, sarta dumasar kana Okurina sedengkeun ngeja Imina kaasup pamali. Azana, nu dibéré basa Genpuku (元服), dipaké kunu séjén jeung dirina sorangan keur nunjukkeun ngaran nu sabenrna. Kagō ngarah ilahar nu asalna tinda tempat atawa imah.
Dina periode shogun katomperanakeun, loba aktivis anti pamaréntah nu maké sababarahan ngaran samaran nyumputkeun aktitipitasna ti shogunate. Contona Saitani Umetarō (才谷梅太郎) keur Sakamoto Ryōma (坂本 龍馬), Niibori Matsusuke (新堀松輔) keur Kido Takayoshi (木戸 孝允) jeung Tani Umenosuke (谷梅之助) keur Takasugi Shinsaku (高杉 晋作). Ngaran sastrawan nu kawentar Kyokutei Bakin (曲亭 馬琴) ogé mibanda 33 ngaran séjén.
Ngaran Profesional
Aktor jeung artis ti Kulon jeung drama Jepang, tukang heureuy, atlet sumo, pangrajin tradisional ilahar maké ngaran profesional. Aktor Kabuki nyokot salah sahiji ngaran kulawarga tradisional saperti Nakamura (中村), Bandō atawa Onoe. Loba ngaran panggung aktor jeung artis tipi jeung pilm nu teu ilahar saperti dina ngaran diri urang Jepang, tapi rada béda dina macana. Upamana, Kamatari Fujiwara (藤原 鎌足) milih maké éta ngaran sanggeus nyieun kulawarga Fujiwara, sedengkeun Hino Yōjin (日野陽仁) ngran nu kadengena kudu tarapti nyanghareupan seuneu (sanajan ditulisna béda). Loba ngaran dina komik saperti Beat Takeshi jeung Beat Kiyoshi milih ngaran Kulon dina aksina sarta maké ngaranna (atawa ngaran panggung) keur ngaran dirina. Pangarang biasana leuwih pinter dina milih ngaran, contona Edogawa Ranpo nu dijieun saperti kadengena "Edgar Allan Poe".
Pegulat sumo maké ngaran pegulat disebut shikona (醜名 or 四股名). Sedengkeun shikona bisa tina ngaran kulawarga pegulat sorangan, lolobana bagéan-luhur rikishi mibanda ngaran shikona nu béda ti ngaran kulawargana. Tipikal shikona mibanda hiji, dua atawa tilu kanji. Lolobana, bagéan ngaran asalna tina jagoan gulatm ngaran tempat (saperti ngaran propinsi, walungan, atawa laut), ngaran pakarang, barang nu dianggap tradisional Jepang (saperti koto atawa nishiki), atawa watesan nu nembongkeun kakuatan. Lolobana, waka nunjukkeun yén bapana pegulat ogé dina sumo; dina kasus ieu, hartina junior. Pegulat bisa ngarobah ngaran shikona, saperti Takahanada jadi Takanohana (貴ノ花) mangk Takanohana (貴乃花). Conto séjénna pegulat Kulon Sentoryu, nu hartina pajoang perang naga tapi pge homophonous jeung St. Louis, kota asalna.
Geisha sarta pangrajin tradisonal jeung seni saperti keramik, upacara nginum teh, kaligrafi, irezumi (tukang nyieun tato) jeung ikebana (ngarankai kembang) ogé maké ngaran profesional. Dina loba kasus, asalna ti seniorna nu ngajarkeunna.
Ngaran Jepang dina Basa Inggris
Saperti dina kasus transliterasi séjénna, ngaran Jepang dina Basa Inggris ogé dumasar kana sababaraha isu, utama isu romanisasi jeung susunan ngaran.
Rada béda tina susunan nu dipaké dina bagéan séjén di dunya, sababaraha dina bagéan akademik, nyokot kana konvensi nulis ngaran kulawarga maké huruf gedé lamun diromanisasi: upamana Takuya MURATA atawa MURATA Takuya. Artis nu digawe di luar Jepang tur ngagunakeun Basa Inggris ilaharna maké runtuyan Basa Inggris dina nuliskeun ngaranna: upamana Ryuichi Sakamoto (坂本 龍一 Sakamoto Ryūichi), Shunji Iwai (岩井 俊二 Iwai Shunji), tur Haruki Murakami (村上 春樹 Murakami Haruki). Urang Jepang nu nu hirup di luar negeri, saperti Yoko Ono (小野 洋子 Ono Yōko) jeung Ichiro Suzuki (鈴木 一朗 Suzuki Ichirō), ilahar maké susunan Kulon. Loba panalungtik sajarah jeung Basa Jepang maké susunan Jepang, mangka gambaran sajarah jeung literatur ilahar dipaké salaku rujukan dina susunan Jepang: upamana Murasaki Shikibu (紫 式部) jeung Tokugawa Ieyasu (徳川 家康). Sanajan kitu, publikasi dina Basa Inggris leuwih condong ngagunakeun susunan Kulon lamun ngobrolkeun tokoh kiwari, hususna politukus, bisnismen jeung atlit. Sacara jelas, lamun ditulis dina karakter kanji, susunan ngaran Jepangna tara tibalik.
Tasma
Sunglasses
Light polarization is an added feature that can be applied to sunglass lenses. Polarization filters remove horizontal rays of light, which can cause glare. Popular among fishermen and hunters, polarized sunglasses allow wearers to see into water when normally glare or reflected light would be seen. Polarized sunglasses may present some difficulties for pilots since reflections from water and other structures often used to gauge altitude may be removed, or instrument readings on liquid crystal displays may be blocked.
2015 LG21
Ari 2015 LG21 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Amor, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.577, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 20.7. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO 353714.
Tasma
Sunglasses
Yellow lenses are commonly used by golfers and shooters for their contrast enhancement and depth perception properties. Brown lenses are also common among golfers, but cause color distortion. Blue, purple, and green lenses offer no real benefits to vision enhancement and are mainly cosmetic. Some sunglasses with interchangeable lenses have optional clear lenses to protect the eyes during low light or night time activities and a colored lens with UV protection for times where sun protection is needed. Debate exists as to whether "blue blocking" or amber tinted lenses have a protective effect.
Sunglasses are often worn just for aesthetic purposes, or simply to hide the eyes. Examples of sunglasses that were popular for these reasons include teashades and mirrorshades.
2015 LG21
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
Tasma
Special
The illusion of three dimensions on a two dimensional surface can be created by providing each eye with different visual information. Classic 3D glasses create the illusion of three dimensions when viewing specially prepared images. The classic 3D glasses have one red lens and one blue lens. 3D glasses made of cardboard and plastic are distributed at 3D movies. Another kind of 3D glasses uses polarized filters, with one lens polarized vertically and the other horizontally, with the two images required for stereo vision polarized the same way. The polarized 3D specs allow for color 3D, while the red-blue lenses produce a dull black-and-white picture with red and blue fringes.
Ngaran Jepang
Ngaran Jepang dina Basa Inggris
Publikasi Basa Inggris nu condong maké susunan Kulon keur ngarujuk gambaran urang Jepang nyaéta:
2015 DG200
Ari 2015 DG200 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Apollo, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.726, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 21.7. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO�335378.
Ngaran Jepang
Ngaran Jepang dina Basa Inggris
Nu angger ngagunakeun runtuyan Jepang nyaéta:
Karakter dina tarjamahan Basa Jepang saperti dina manga, anime jeung video game mangrupa kasus husus. Karakter ieu kadangkala dibéré ngaran Kulon anyar (saperti dina Pokémon), atawa angger dina Basa Jepang boh maké runtuyan Jepang atawa runtuyan Kulon. Karakter ieu ogé kaasup nu maké non-Hepburn dina transliterasina, atawa béda transliterasi keur edisi manga, anime jeung/atawa vidéo game (saperti dina Yu-Gi-Oh!).
Citations
Some materials taken from Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan, article on "names"
Rujukan
Wikipedia Basa Inggris September 2006
2015 DG200
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
Tasma
Special
One kind of electronic 3D spectacles uses electronic shutters, while virtual reality glasses and helmets have separate video screens for each eye.
Variations
Glasses can be very simple, such as magnifying lenses which are used to treat mild hyperopia and presbyopia can be bought off the shelf, normally referred to as reading glasses. Most glasses are made to a particular prescription, based on degree of myopia or hyperopia combined with astigmatism. Lenses can be ground to specific prescriptions, but in some cases standard off-the-shelf prescriptions suffice, but require custom fitting to particular frames.
As people age, their ability to focus is lessened and many decide to use multiple-focus lenses, bifocal or even trifocal to cover all the situations in which they use their sight. Traditional multifocal lenses have two or three distinct viewing areas, each requiring a conscious effort of refocusing. Some modern multifocal lenses, such as Progressive lenses (known as "no-line bifocals"), give a smooth transition between these different focal points and is unnoticeable by most wearers, while others have lenses specifically intended for use with computer monitors at a fixed distance. People may have several pairs of glasses, one for each task or distance, with specific glasses for reading, computer use, television watching, and writing.
Rimless
Three-piece rimless and semi-rimless glasses are common variations that differ from regular glasses in that their frames do not completely encircle the lenses. Three-piece rimless glasses have no frame around the lenses, and the bridge and temples are mounted directly onto the lenses. Semi-rimless (or half-rimless) glasses have a frame that only partially encircles the lenses (commonly the top portion), which are held in place most often by high strength nylon wire. A rare and currently non commercial variation are rimless and frameless glasses attached to a piercing at the bridge of a wearers nose. Such glasses have the visual look of the pince-nez.
Glazing
Spectacle lenses are edged into the frame's rim using glazing machines operated by ophthalmic technicians. The edging process begins with a trace being taken of the frame's eye shape. In earlier days the trace was replicated onto a plastic pattern called a Former. Nowadays the process is patternless and the shape is sent to the edger electronically.
The lens, in the form of a round uncut, is positioned in the correct manner to match the prescription and a block is stuck to the lens and that block fits into a chuck in the edging machine. A diamond coated wheel spins as the edger replicates the frame's eye-shape to the uncut lens. A 'v' bevel is applied to allow the edge of the lens to fit into the frame rim.
Fashion
Glasses can be a major part of personal expression, from the extravagance of Elton John and Dame Edna Everage, from Groucho Marx to Buddy Holly.
For some celebrities, glasses form part of their identity. American Senator Barry Goldwater continued to wear lensless horn-rimmed spectacles after being fitted with contact lenses because he was not recognizable without his trademark glasses. British soap star Anne Kirkbride had the same problem: her character on Coronation Street, Deirdre Barlow, became so well-known for her big frames that she was expected to wear them at social gatherings and in international tours, even though Kirkbride has always worn contact lenses. Drew Carey continued to wear glasses for the same reason after getting corrective laser eye surgery. British comedic actor Eric Sykes, who became profoundly deaf as an adult, wears glasses that contain no lenses; they are actually a bone-conducting hearing aid. Masaharu Morimoto wears glasses to separate his professional persona as a chef from his stage persona as Iron Chef Japanese. John Lennon wore his round-lens 'Windsor' spectacles from some of his time with the Beatles to his murder in 1980. Rock band Weezer are known for some of the members wearing thick-rimmed glasses.
Another unpopular aspect of glasses is their inconvenience. Even through the creation of light frames, such as those made of titanium, very flexible frames, and new lens materials and optical coatings, glasses can still cause problems during rigorous sports. The lenses can become greasy or trap vapour when eating hot food, swimming, walking in rain or rapid temperature changes (such as walking into a warm building from cold temperatures outside), reducing visibility significantly. Scraping, fracturing, or breakage of the lenses require time-consuming and costly professional repair, though modern plastic lenses are almost indestructible and very scratch-resistant.
(455193) 2000 RJ60
Ari 2000 RJ60 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Amor, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.325, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 18.6. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO 377657.
2016 WH1
Ari 2016 WH1 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Amor, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.591, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 25.1. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO 394769.