cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Métaloprotéin
SuperOxide Dismutase
The formal oxidation state of the oxygen atoms is ½. In solutions at neutral pH, the superoxide ion disproportionates to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. In biology this type of reaction is call a dismutation reaction. It involves both oxidation and reduction of superoxide ions. The superoxide dismutase group of enzymes, abbreviated as SOD, increase the rate of reaction to near the diffusion limited rate. The key to the action of these enzymes is a metal ion with variable oxidation state which can act as either an oxidizing agent or as a reducing agent.
In human SOD the active metal is copper, as Cu2+ or Cu+, coordinated tetrahedrally by four histidine residues. This enzyme also contains zinc ions. Other isozymes may contain iron, manganese or nickel. Ni-SOD is particularly interesting as it involves nickel(III), an unusual oxidation state for this element. The active site Ni geometry cycles from square planar Ni(II), with thiolate (Cys2 and Cys6) and backbone nitrogen (His1 and Cys2) ligands, to square pyramidal Ni(III) with an added axial His1 side chain ligand.
Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll plays a crucial role in photosynthesis. In contains a magnesium enclosed in a chlorin ring. However, the magnesium ion is not directly involved in the photosynthetic function and can be replaced by other divalent ions with a little loss of activity. Rather, the photon is absorbed by the chlorin ring, whose electronic structure is well-adapted for its purpose
Initially the absorption of a photon causes an electron to be excited into a singlet state of the Q band. This is the reason why chlorophyll is green. The excited state undergoes an intersystem crossing from the singlet state to a triplet state in which there are two electrons with parallel spin. This species is, effectively, a free radical, and is very reactive and allows an electron to be transferred to acceptors which are adjacent to the chlorophyll in the chloroplast. In the process chlorophyll is oxydised. Later in the phosynthetic cycle it reduced by accepting an electron and the final oxidation product is molecular oxygen whose atoms come from water molecules.
Calmodulin
Calmodulin is an example of a signal-transduction protein. It is a small protein which contains four EF-hand motifs, each of which can bind a Ca2+ ion.
The protein has two approximately symmetrical domains, separated by a flexible "hinge" region. Binding of calcium causes a conformational change to occur in the protein. Calmodulin participates in an intracellular signalling system by acting as a diffusible second messenger to the initial stimuli.
Transcription factors
Many transcription factors contain a structure known as a zinc finger, this is a structural module where a region of protein folds around a zinc ion. The zinc does not directly contact the DNA that these proteins bind to, instead the cofactor is essential for the stability of the tightly-folded protein chain. In these proteins the zinc ion is usually coordinated by pairs of cysteine and histidine side chains. -->
586 SM
586 SM nyaéta taun ka-586 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Aek Kanopan Timur, Kualuh Hulu, Labuhanbatu Kalér
Aek Kanopan Timur nyaéta salah sahiji Kalurahan di kacamatan Kualuh Hulu, Kabupatén Labuhanbatu Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
12 Désémber
12 Désémber nyaéta poé ka-346 dina sataun (ka-347 dina taun kabisat) dina kalénder Gregorian, sésana 19 poé.
587 SM
587 SM nyaéta taun ka-587 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
588 SM
588 SM nyaéta taun ka-588 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Parpaudangan, Kualuh Hulu, Labuhanbatu Kalér
Parpaudangan nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Kualuh Hulu, Kabupatén Labuhanbatu Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
589 SM
589 SM nyaéta taun ka-589 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Pulo Dogom, Kualuh Hulu, Labuhanbatu Kalér
Pulo Dogom nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Kualuh Hulu, Kabupatén Labuhanbatu Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Kuala Beringin, Kualuh Hulu, Labuhanbatu Kalér
Kuala Beringin nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Kualuh Hulu, Kabupatén Labuhanbatu Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
590 SM
590 SM nyaéta taun ka-590 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Londut, Kualuh Hulu, Labuhanbatu Kalér
Londut nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Kualuh Hulu, Kabupatén Labuhanbatu Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Londut, Kualuh Hulu, Labuhanbatu Utara
Perkebunan Kanopan Ulu, Kualuh Hulu, Labuhanbatu Kalér
Perkebunan Kanopan Ulu nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Kualuh Hulu, Kabupatén Labuhanbatu Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Binangadua, Silangkitang, Labuhanbatu Kidul
Binangadua nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Silangkitang, Kabupatén Labuhanbatu Kidul, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Binangadua, Silangkitang, Labuhanbatu Selatan
Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon
Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon nyaéta taman nasional nu perenahna di tungtung kulon Jawa, Indonesia. Ujung Kulon ngawengku jumplukan kapuloan vulkanik Krakatoa jeung kapuloan liana kaasup Panaitan, Handeuleum jeung Peucang. Taman ieu legana 1,206 km² (443 km² cai), nu lolobanaana ngampar di hiji semenanjung/Ancol nu yolongodor ka Samudra India. Wewengkon daratna baheulana mangrupa wewengkon keur tatanén tepi ka populasina béak taun 1883 nalika bituna Krakatoa nu satuluyna balik deui kana kaayaan aslina mangrupa leuweung.
13 Désémber
13 Désémber nyaéta poé ka-347 dina sataun (ka-348 dina taun kabisat) dina kalénder Gregorian, sésana 18 poé.
591 SM
591 SM nyaéta taun ka-591 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
592 SM
592 SM nyaéta taun ka-592 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
593 SM
593 SM nyaéta taun ka-593 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Perkebunan Labuhan Haji, Kualuh Hulu, Labuhanbatu Kalér
Perkebunan Labuhan Haji nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Kualuh Hulu, Kabupatén Labuhanbatu Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Perkebunan Hanna, Kualuh Hulu, Labuhanbatu Kalér
Perkebunan Hanna nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Kualuh Hulu, Kabupatén Labuhanbatu Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Sukarame, Kualuh Hulu, Labuhanbatu Kalér
Sukarame nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Kualuh Hulu, Kabupatén Labuhanbatu Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Sonomartani, Kualuh Hulu, Labuhanbatu Kalér
Sonomartani nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Kualuh Hulu, Kabupatén Labuhanbatu Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Dhaka
Dhaka (ঢাকা; ; éjahan heubeul: Dacca, baheulana Jahangirnagar dina jaman Kakaisaran Mughal) nyaéta ibu kota Bangladés sarta kota utama di Divisi Dhaka. Dhaka mangrupa mégapolitan sarta salah sahiji ti kota-kota utama di Asia Kidul. Dhaka aya di gigireun Walungan Buriganga. Dhaka, sareng wewengkon métropolitanna, miboga populasi kira-kira langkung ti 12 juta jiwa dina taun 2008, teras jadi kota nu panggedéna di Bangladés. Dhaka mangrupa kota nu panggedéna sadunya ka-9 sarta kota nu pangpadetna sadunya ka-28. Dhaka miboga lalandia Kota Masigit sarta jeung 400.000 bécak, kota ieu ogé dilandi Ibu Kota Bécak Dunya.
14 Désémber
14 Désémber nyaéta poé ka-348 dina sataun (ka-349 dina taun kabisat) dina kalénder Gregorian, sésana 17 poé.
Dhaka
paDhaka kiwari mangrupa puseur kahirupan pulitik, budaya, jeung ékonomi di Bangladés. Sanajan prasarana perkotaanana mangrupa nu pangmajuna di nagarana, Dhaka miboga masalah perkotaan saperti polusi jeung kalobaan pangeusi. Kota ieu ogé miboga asupan populasi ti warga sanagara, nu dumasar laporan, nyieun Dhaka salaku kota panggancangna tumbuhna sadunya.
594 SM
594 SM nyaéta taun ka-594 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Lémpéng Sunda
Lémpéng Sunda atawa Pelat Sunda nyaéta hiji lémpéng téktonik anu perenahna di Asia Tenggara sarta umumna dianggap minangka bagian tina Lémpéng Eurasia. Lémpéng Sunda ngawengku Laut Cina Kidul, Laut Andaman, bagian kidul Viétnam jeung Thailand babarengan jeung Malaysia sarta pulo-pulo Kalimantan, Sumatra, Jawa, jeung Sulawesi di Indonésia, ogé barat daya kapuloan Filipina jeung Palawan sarta Kapuloan Sulu.
Lémpéng Sunda diwatesan di wétan ku Beubeur Usik Filipina, Zona Tubrukan Laut Maluku, Lémpéng Laut Maluku, Lémpéng Laut Banda jeung Lémpéng Timor; di kidul jeung kulon ku Lémpéng Australia; sarta di kalér ku Lémpéng Burma, Lémpéng Eurasia, jeung Lémpéng Yangtze.
597 SM
597 SM nyaéta taun ka-597 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
595 SM
595 SM nyaéta taun ka-595 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Tanjung Leidong, Kualuh Leidong, Labuhanbatu Kalér
Tanjung Leidong nyaéta salah sahiji Kalurahan di kacamatan Kualuh Leidong, Kabupatén Labuhanbatu Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
15 Désémber
15 Désémber nyaéta poé ka-349 dina sataun (ka-350 dina taun kabisat) dina kalénder Gregorian, sésana 16 poé.
596 SM
596 SM nyaéta taun ka-596 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
598 SM
598 SM nyaéta taun ka-598 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Teluk Pulai Dalam, Kualuh Leidong, Labuhanbatu Kalér
Teluk Pulai Dalam nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Kualuh Leidong, Kabupatén Labuhanbatu Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
599 SM
599 SM nyaéta taun ka-599 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Urang Benggala
Urang Benggala nyaéta hiji komunitas étnis pribumi wewengkon Benggala (ayeuna aya di Bangladés jeung India) di Asia Kidul. Urang Benggala nyaturkeun Basa Benggala ( বাংলা Bangla), nu mangrupa hiji basa Indo-Arya di wewengkon wétan Anakbuana India, kawangun ti basa Magadhi Prakrit jeung Sangsakarta. Dina basana, Urang Benggala nyebat manéhna as বাঙালী (Bangali). Urang Benggala kaasup kana kelompok Indo-Arya jeung Mongolo-Dravidia, sarta deukeut jeung kelompok basa/étnis Austro-Asia, Dravidia, Assam, Sinhala, Munda, jeung Tibeto-Burma.
Teluk Pulai Luar, Kualuh Leidong, Labuhanbatu Kalér
Teluk Pulai Luar nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Kualuh Leidong, Kabupatén Labuhanbatu Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Kelapa Sebatang, Kualuh Leidong, Labuhanbatu Kalér
Kelapa Sebatang nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Kualuh Leidong, Kabupatén Labuhanbatu Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
16 Désémber
16 Désémber nyaéta poé ka-350 dina sataun (ka-351 dina taun kabisat) dina kalénder Gregorian, sésana 15 poé.
Kanazawa, Ishikawa
Kota Kanazawa (金沢市) nyaéta ibukota Préféktur Ishikawa di Jepang.
600 SM
600 SM nyaéta taun ka-600 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Simandulang, Kualuh Leidong, Labuhanbatu Kalér
Simandulang nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Kualuh Leidong, Kabupatén Labuhanbatu Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
601 SM
601 SM nyaéta taun ka-601 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Air Hitam, Kualuh Leidong, Labuhanbatu Kalér
Air Hitam nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Kualuh Leidong, Kabupatén Labuhanbatu Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Jalur Utama Tōhoku
Jalur Utama Tōhoku (東北本線) nyaéta jalur kareta sapanjang 631.3-kilometre dioperasikeun ku East Japan Railway Company, sanajan aya saeutik segmen nu dioperasikeun ku Iwate Ginga Railway Company jeung Aoimori Railway. Sacara resmi jalur ieu mimiti ti Stasion Tokyo di Chiyoda, Tokyo, tapi lolobana kareta jarak jauh mimitina ti Stasion Ueno di Taitō, Tokyo, sarta ngalitawatan sababaraha kota saperti Saitama, Utsunomiya, Fukushima, Sendai, Morioka, jeung Hachinohe, saméméh nepi ka tujuan ahir jaluar ieu di Aomori, Aomori Prefecture. <!-- The Tōhoku Main Line runs mostly parallel to the Tōhoku Shinkansen. Upon the Shinkansen's extension to Aomori, the remaining northern portion of the line is expected to be spun off to a third-sector railway operator.
History
The construction of the Tōhoku Main Line began in the Kantō region and extended to the north end of Honshū, and the city of Aomori. It is one of oldest railway lines in Japan, with construction beginning in the late 19th century. Until November 1, 1906, the current Tōhoku Main Line was run by a private company Nihon Tetsudo (Japan Railway). In 1883, the first segment between Ueno and Kumagaya opened. In 1885, it was extended to Utsunomiya, but the Tone River still had to be crossed by boat. It was not until the construction of the Tone River Bridge in 1886 that Utsunomiya and Ueno were finally directly connected. The line gradually extended further to the north; to Kōriyama, Sendai, Ichinoseki and Morioka. In 1891, the segment between Morioka and Aomori opened, creating the longest continuous railroad line in Japan.
After 1906, the line was nationalized and became the Tōhoku Main Line run by the Ministry of Railways. When Tokyo Station opened in 1925, the Tōhoku Main Line extended from Ueno to the new station. Until the 1950s, this segment was used and many trains ran through both the Tōkaidō Main Line and Tōhoku Main Line. However, when the Tōhoku Shinkansen arrived, it used land previously reserved for the tracks of mid and long-distance Tōhoku Main Line trains. As a result, only a small number of commuter lines such as the Kehin-Tōhoku Line now run to Tokyo from the north, making Tokyo Station's status as part of the Tōhoku Main Line somewhat circumspect.
In 2002, the Tōhoku Shinkansen was further extended from Morioka to Hachinohe and the operations of the local track segment between those two cities was turned over to two other companies. The shortened Tōhoku Main Line is now the second-longest line in Japan, after the Sanin Main Line. -->
Jalur Utsunomiya
Ti Stasion Ueno ka Kuroiso Station
Jalur Utama Tōhoku Beulah Kidul
Ti Takaku Station ka Sendai Station
Jalut Utama Tōhoku Bagean Tengah
Ti Higashi-Sendai Station ka Morioka Station
Jalur Utama Tōhoku Bagean Kaler
Ti Hachinohe Station ka Aomori Station (Catetan: Morioka jeung Hachinohe dihubunhkeun ku trek nu boga Iwate Ginga Railway (IGR) jeung Aomori Railways keur kareta lokal, ogé keur Tōhoku Shinkansen)
603 SM
603 SM nyaéta taun ka-603 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
17 Désémber
17 Désémber nyaéta poé ka-351 dina sataun (ka-352 dina taun kabisat) dina kalénder Gregorian, sésana 14 poé.
Kampung Mesjid, Kualuh Hilir, Labuhanbatu Kalér
Kampung Mesjid nyaéta salah sahiji Kalurahan di kacamatan Kualuh Hilir, Kabupatén Labuhanbatu Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
605 SM
605 SM nyaéta taun ka-605 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
18 Désémber
18 Désémber nyaéta poé ka-352 dina sataun (ka-353 dina taun kabisat) dina kalénder Gregorian, sésana 13 poé.
Gelombang mikro
Gelombang mikro (dina basa Inggris: microwave) nyaéta gelombang éléktromagnétik kalawan frékuénsi nu kacida luhurna (Super High Frequency, SHF), nyaéta saluhureun 3 GHz (3x109 Hz).
Lamun gelombang mikro diserep ku hiji barang mangka baris mecenghul éfék panas dina barang kasebut. Lamun kadaharan nyerep radiasi gelombang mikro, kadaharan jadi panas sarta asak dina waktu nu singket. Prosés ieu pisan anu dimangpaatkeun dina oven microwave.
604 SM
604 SM nyaéta taun ka-604 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Stéroid
Stéroid nyaéta lipid térpénoid nu cirina boga puseur stérana jeung gugus fungsi tambahan. Puseurna nyaéta wangun karbon opat cingcin anu ngahiji: tilu cingcin siklohéksana jeung hiji cingcin siklopéntana. Rupa-rupa stéroid ditangtukeun ku gugus fungsi anu napel dina éta cingcin sarta kaayaan oksidasi cingcinna.
Tina tutuwuhan, sato, jeung fungi, stéroid anu dihasilkeun aya kana ratusna, dijieun dina sél boh tina stérol lanostérol (sato jeung fungi) atawa tina stérol sikloarténol (tutuwuhan), nu duanana diturunkeun tina siklisasi tritérpéna skualéna.
Stérol téh minangka bentuk husus stéroid, nyaéta anu boga gugus hidroksil dina atom C-3 sarta rangka turunan koléstana.
Métabolismeu
Stéroid ngawengku éstrogén, kortisol, progéstéron, jeung téstostéron. Éstrogén jeung progéstéron dijieun utamana dina ovarium jeung bali nalika kakandungan, anapon téstostéron dina téstis. Sababaraha neuron jeung glia dina sistem saraf puseur ngahasilkeun énzim nu dipikabutuh sacara lokal pikeun sintésis neurosteroids prégnan, boh de novo atawa tina sumber periferal. Sintésis stéroid diatur dina hambalan konvérsi koléstérol jadi prégnénolon, nu lumangsung di jero mitokondria.
Métabolismeu stéroid nyaéta runtuyan réaksi kimia lengkep dina awak organismeu nu ngahasilkeun, ngarobah, jeung ngonsumsi stéroid. Ieu jalur métabolik ngawengku:
Kong Hu Cu
Kong Hu Cu atawa Kung Fu Tze atawa Konfusius, sakapeung mindeng ogé disebut Kongcu (Hanzi: 孔夫子、孔子, hanyu pinyin: Kongfuzi、Kongzi) (551 SM – 479 SM) nyaéta saurang guru atawa jalma wijaksana anu kaceluk sarta ogé filsuf sosial Tiongkok. Falsafahna mentingkeun moralitas pribadi sarta pamaréntahan, sarta jadi populér alatan dasarna anu kuat dina sipat-sipat tradisonal Tionghoa. Ku para pangagem ageman Kong Hu Cu, manéhna diaku minangka nabi.
Stéroid
Biosintésis
Biosintésis stéroid nyaéta hiji jalur anabolik nu ngahasilkeun stéroid tina prékursor anu leuwih basajan. Dina awak sato, ieu sintésis jalurna béda-béda, ku sabab kitu ieu jalur sok dijadikeun sasaran antibiotik jeung ubar anti-inféksi lianna.
Kuala Bangka, Kualuh Hilir, Labuhanbatu Kalér
Kuala Bangka nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Kualuh Hilir, Kabupatén Labuhanbatu Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Sei Sentang, Kualuh Hilir, Labuhanbatu Kalér
Sei Sentang nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Kualuh Hilir, Kabupatén Labuhanbatu Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Stéroid
Biosintésis
Di manusa, ieu sintésis dimimitian di jalur mévalonat nu ngawangun DMAPP jeung IPP tina asétil-KoA. Salajengna, DMAPP jeung IPP jadi lanostérol.
Kong Hu Cu
Pangaruh Kong Hu Cu kana peradaban Tiongkok henteubisa dianggap énténg; ajaranana geus ngalegaan ka Jepang, Koréa sarta Viétnam, hususna ngaliwatan Konfusianisme, doktrin anu dimekarkeun murid-muridna sarta para koméntator.
Stéroid
Stéroidogenesis
Stéroidogenesis nyaéta prosés transformasi atawa ngarobah hiji stériod jadi stériod lianna. Hasilna, di antarana:
Kong Hu Cu
Kulawarga Kong Hu Cu
Kong Hu Cu nyaéta anak bungsu Shu Liang He. Manéhna miboga 9 lanceuk awéwé sarta saurang lanceuk lalaki anu cacad suku nu ngaranna Meng-pi. Indungna ngaranna Yan Zheng Zai. Manéhna lahir tanggal 27 Ba Yue (bulan 8) 551 Saméméh Maséhi di nagri Lu, Dayeuh Zou Yi, Désa Chang Ping di léngkob Kong Song (kiwari jazirah Shandong dayeuh Qu Fu). Ngaran leutikna nyaéta Qiu anu hartina pasir kalayan landihan Zong Ni nu hartina anak kadua ti pasir Ni, manéhna kawin ka puteri Nagri Song anu boga marga Jian Guan. Tina hasil kawin ieu, Kong Hu Cu boga anak anu dingaranan Li anu hartina lauk guramé kalayan landihan Bo Yu. Dibéré ngaran kitu alatan dina kalahiran anakna ieu manéhna geus dibekelan lauk guramé ku Raja Ngora Nagri Lu anu ngarannaa Lu Zhao Gong. Sajaba Li, Kong Hu Cu masih miboga dua urang anak awéwé nu mana anu saurang jadi pamajikan Gong Ye Chang, murid manéhna.
Stéroid
Dégradasi
Stéroid biasana dioksidasi ku énzim sitokrom P450 oksidaseu, misalna. Ieu réaksi ngasupkeun oksigén kana cingcin stéroid nepi ka pegatna ku énzim séjén jadi asam hampru. Ieu asam bisa disékrésikeun tina liver dina cairan hampru. Éksprési ieu gén oksidaseu bisa diatur ku sénsor stéroid PXR nalika dina getih kandungan stéroidna luhur.
Kong Hu Cu
Titilarna
Karya-karya Kung Fu Tze bisa dibédakeun jadi dua golongan, kahiji mangrupa hasil ringkesan anu sawatara karya-karya anu dianggap penting dina ngahontal kaharmonisan. Kadua mangrupa hasil karya para muridna anu eusina ngeunaan ucapan-ucapan Kung Fu Tze ka murid-muridna.
Di handap ieu guaran ti golongan kahiji, nyaéta:
a.Shih Ching (Buku ngeunaan Puisi) Mangrupa kumpulan tulisan anu diwangun ku 305 pupujian dina sagala rupa bahasan, sarta di jerona aya 6 anu ngagunakeun musik sarta judul tanpa teks. Kumpulan tulisan ieu umumna asalna ti mangsa mimiti dinasti Chou, saméméh Kung Fu Tze.
b.Shu Ching (Buku ngeunaan Sajarah) Mangrupa kumpulan dokumén sajarah anu dimimitian ti proklamasi raja Yao (2757 – 2258 SM) nepi ka Bangsawan Mu ti Chi (659 – 621 SM)
c.I Li (Buku ngeunaan Upacara) Mangrupa buku anu eusina kumpulan upacara-upacara sarta aturan-aturan anu kudu diturut ku masarakat dina kahirupan sapopoé dimangsa féodal.
d.I Ching (Buku ngeunaan Parobahan) Mangrupa kumpulan tulisan anu ngajelaskeun ngeunaan prinsip-prinsip kosmis sarta évolusi sosial anu didasarkeun kana torahan kalayan ngagunakeun oktogram.
e.Yueh Ching (Buku ngeunaan Musik) Mangrupa kumpulan tulisan anu dikumpulkan dina mangsa saméméh Dinasti Han, tapi dina mangsa kamekaranana aya sawatara bab anu leungit, sarta leuwih dipikawanoh minangka Li Chi.
f.Ch’un Ch’iu (Usum Semi jeung Usum Gugur) Mangrupa kritik sajarah ngeunaan pulitik salila pamaréntahan 12 Bangsawan ti nagara Lu.
Sarta karya-karya anu kaasup golongan kadua nyaéta kieu:
a.Lun Yu (Analects) Mangrupa kumpulan catetan obrolan antara Kung Fu Tze jeung murid-muridna.
b.Chung Yung (Doktrin ngeunaan Ajaran Jalan Tengah) Mangrupa kumpulan ujaran Kung Fu Tze ngeunaan jalan tengah (Tao). Tao mangrupa inti poko ti kabéh pamikiran Cina. Kitab ieu disusun ku Tzu Ssu (492 – 431 SM) anu mangrupa incu ti Kung Fu Tze
c.Ta Hsueh (Ajaran Agung) Eusina ngeunaan ajaran-ajaran Kung Fu Tze. Kitab ieu disusun ku Tseng Tzu (505-436 SM), ti Tseng Tzu ieu pisan terus laju ka murid séjénna, kaasup Tzu Ssu (492-431 SM) milu andil dina nuliskeun omongan Kung Fu Tze anu ogé mangrupa guru ti Meng Tzu.
Tanjung Mangedar, Kualuh Hilir, Labuhanbatu Kalér
Tanjung Mangedar nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Kualuh Hilir, Kabupatén Labuhanbatu Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Teluk Piai, Kualuh Hilir, Labuhanbatu Kalér
Teluk Piai nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Kualuh Hilir, Kabupatén Labuhanbatu Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
608 SM
608 SM nyaéta taun ka-608 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
606 SM
606 SM nyaéta taun ka-606 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
607 SM
607 SM nyaéta taun ka-607 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
609 SM
609 SM nyaéta taun ka-609 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Teluk Binjai, Kualuh Hilir, Labuhanbatu Kalér
Teluk Binjai nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Kualuh Hilir, Kabupatén Labuhanbatu Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
610 SM
610 SM nyaéta taun ka-610 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
611 SM
611 SM nyaéta taun ka-611 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Sei Apung, Kualuh Hilir, Labuhanbatu Kalér
Sei Apung nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Kualuh Hilir, Kabupatén Labuhanbatu Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Kulawu
Kulawu ogé bisa dihartikeun titik-titik hideung anu henteu sampurna kawas anu aya dina jero lukisan pointilisme.
Bandar Selamat, Aek Kuo, Labuhanbatu Kalér
Bandar Selamat nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Aek Kuo, Kabupatén Labuhanbatu Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Kulawu
Dina widang désain, kulawu dicirikeun ku harga nu tangtu mimiti angka 0 (minangka ayana cahaya bodas sampurna) nepi ka 10 (poék sampurna).
Perkebunan Padang Halaban, Aek Kuo, Labuhanbatu Kalér
Perkebunan Padang Halaban nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Aek Kuo, Kabupatén Labuhanbatu Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
20 Désémber
20 Désémber nyaéta poé ka-354 dina sataun (ka-355 dina taun kabisat) dina kalénder Gregorian, sésana 11 poé.
Tumbu luar
7rzr7l5
613 SM
613 SM nyaéta taun ka-613 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
614 SM
614 SM nyaéta taun ka-614 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Sidomulyo, Aek Kuo, Labuhanbatu Kalér
Sidomulyo nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Aek Kuo, Kabupatén Labuhanbatu Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Aek Korsik, Aek Kuo, Labuhanbatu Kalér
Aek Korsik nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Aek Kuo, Kabupatén Labuhanbatu Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Perkebunan Panigoran, Aek Kuo, Labuhanbatu Kalér
Perkebunan Panigoran nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Aek Kuo, Kabupatén Labuhanbatu Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Batré
Dina éléktronika, batré nujul ka kombinasi dua atawa leuwih sél éléktrokimia nu nyimpen énérgi kimia pikeun sumber tegangan listrik. Sanggeus kapanggih ku Alessandro Volta (taun 1800), batré jadi sumber listrik nu dipaké ku industri jeung rumah tangga. Dumasar kana itung-itungan taun 2005, industri batré sadunya ngahasilkeun US$48 milyar tina ngajual batré unggal taunna, kalawan kamekaran 6% per taun. <!-- Ngaran batré diserep tina kecap "battery" anu diwanohkeun ku Benjamin Franklin for an arrangement of multiple Leyden jars (an early type of capacitor) after a battery of cannons. Common usage has evolved to include a single electrical cell in the definition.
History
In 1791, Luigi Galvani published a report on "animal electricity." He created an electric circuit consisting of two different metals, with one touching a frog's leg and the other touching both the leg and the first metal, thus closing the circuit. In modern terms, the frog's leg served as both electrolyte and detector, and the metals served as electrodes. He noticed that even though the frog was dead, its legs would twitch when he touched them with the metals.
Volta realized the frog's moist tissues could be replaced by cardboard soaked in salt water, and the frog's muscular response could be replaced by another form of electrical detection. He already had studied the electrostatic phenomenon of capacitance, which required measurements of electric charge and of electrical potential. Building on this experience Volta was able to detect electric current through his system, now called a voltaic cell, or cell for short. The terminal voltage of a cell that is not discharging is called its electromotive force (emf), and has the same unit as electrical potential, named (voltage) and measured in volts, in honor of Volta. In 1800, Volta invented the battery by placing many voltaic cells in series, literally piling them one above the other. This Voltaic Pile gave a greatly enhanced net emf for the combination, with a voltage of about 50 volts for a 32-cell pile. In many parts of Europe batteries continue to be called piles.
Khulna
Khulna nyaéta kota nu panggedéna di Bangladés ka-3 sarta kota utama di Divisi Khulna. Khulna aya di gigireun Walungan Rupsha jeung Bhairab di Distrik Khulna. Khulna miboga palabuan nu ngaranna Mongla di wewengkon luarna, 38 km ti Kota Khulna.
Batré
History
While early batteries were of great value for experimental purposes, their limitations made them impractical for a large current drain. Later, starting with the Daniell cell in 1836, batteries provided more reliable currents and were adopted by industry for use in stationary devices, particularly in telegraph networks where they were the only practical source of electricity, since electrical distribution networks did not exist then. These wet cells used liquid electrolytes, which were prone to leakage and spillage if not handled correctly. Many used glass jars to hold their components, which made them fragile. These characteristics made wet cells unsuitable for portable appliances. Near the end of the 19th century, the invention of Dry cell batteries, which replaced liquid electrolyte with a paste, made portable electrical devices practical. Since then, batteries have gained popularity as they became portable and useful for many purposes. The widespread use of batteries has created many environmental concerns, such as toxic metal pollution.
How batteries work
A battery is a device that converts chemical energy directly to electrical energy. It consists of one or more voltaic cells. Each voltaic cell consists of two half cells connected in series by a conductive electrolyte. One half-cell is the positive electrode and the other is the negative electrode. The electrodes do not touch each other but are electrically connected by the electrolyte, which can be either solid or liquid. In many cells, the materials are enclosed in a container, and a separator, which is porous to the electrolyte, which prevents the electrodes from coming into contact.
Each half cell has an electromotive force (or emf), determined by its ability to drive electric current from the interior to the exterior of the cell. The net emf of the battery is the difference between the emfs of its half-cells, as first recognized by Volta. Thus, if the electrodes have emfs and, then the net emf is. (Hence, two identical electrodes and a common electrolyte give a zero net emf.)
The electrical potential difference, or across the terminals of a battery is known as terminal voltage and is measured in volts. The terminal voltage of a battery that is neither charging nor discharging is called the open-circuit voltage and equals the emf of the battery. Because of internal resistance, the terminal voltage of a battery that is discharging is smaller in magnitude than the open-circuit voltage and the terminal voltage of a battery that is charging exceeds the open-circuit voltage. An ideal battery has negligible internal resistance, so it would maintain a constant terminal voltage of \mathcal{E} until exhausted, then dropping to zero. If such a battery maintained 1.5 volts and stored a charge of one Coulomb than it would perform 1.5 Joule of work. In practical batteries the internal resistance will increase as it is discharged, and the open circuit voltage will also decrease as the cell is discharged. If the voltage and resistance are plotted against time the resulting graphs will typically not be a straight line, and the shape of the curve will vary with the chemistry and internal arrangement employed.
Types of batteries
There are many kinds of electrochemical cells, including galvanic cells, electrolytic cells, fuel cells, flow cells and voltaic piles. A battery's characteristics may vary due to many factors including internal chemistry, current drain and temperature.
However, there are two main types of batteries, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages.
Historically, some types of primary batteries used, for example, for telegraph circuits, were restored to operation by replacing the components of the battery consumed by the chemical reaction. Secondary batteries are not indefinitely rechargeable due to dissipation of the active materials, loss of electrolyte and internal corrosion.
Disposable batteries
Disposable batteries, also called primary cells, are intended to be used once and discarded. These are most commonly used in portable devices that have low current drain, are only used intermittently, or are used well away from an alternative power source, such as in alarm and communication circuits where other electric power is only intermittently available. Primary cells cannot be reliably recharged, since the chemical reactions are not easily reversible and active materials may not return to their original forms. Battery manufacturers recommend against attempting to recharge primary cells, although some electronics enthusiasts claim it is possible to do so using special types of chargers.
Common types of disposable batteries include zinc-carbon batteries and alkaline batteries. Generally, these have higher energy densities than rechargeable batteries, but disposable batteries do not fare well under high-drain applications with loads under 75 Ω.
Rechargeable batteries
By contrast, rechargeable batteries or secondary cells can be recharged by applying electrical current, which reverses the chemical reactions that occur during its use. Devices to supply the appropriate current are called chargers or rechargers.
A common form of the lead-acid battery is the modern car battery, which can deliver approximately 10,000 watts of power over a short period and has a peak current output that varies from 450 to 1100 amperes. An improved type of liquid electrolyte battery is the sealed valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) battery, popular in the automotive industry as a replacement for the lead-acid wet cell, as well as in many lower capacity roles including smaller vehicles and stationary applications such as emergency lighting and alarm systems. The one-way pressure activated valve eliminates electrolyte evaporation while allowing out-gassing to prevent rupture. This greatly improves resistance to damage from vibration and heat. VRLA batteries have the electrolyte immobilized, usually by one of two means:
Other portable rechargeable batteries include several "dry cell" types, which are sealed units and are therefore useful in appliances such as mobile phones and laptop computers. Cells of this type (in order of increasing power density and cost) include nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel metal hydride (NiMH) and lithium-ion (Li-ion) cells. By far, Li-ion has the highest share of the dry cell rechargeable market. Meanwhile, NiMH has replaced NiCd in most applications due to its higher capacity, but NiCd remains in use in power tools, two-way radios, and medical equipment.
Recent developments include batteries with embedded functionality such as USBCELL, with a built-in charger and USB connector within the AA format, enabling the battery to be charged by plugging into a USB port without a charger, and low self-discharge (LSD) mix chemistries such as Hybrio, ReCyko, and Eneloop, where cells are precharged prior to shipping.
Battery capacity and discharging
The more electrolyte and electrode material there is in the cell, the greater the capacity of the cell. Thus a small cell has less capacity than a larger cell, given the same chemistry (e.g. alkaline cells), though they develop the same open-circuit voltage.
Because of the chemical reactions within the cells, the capacity of a battery depends on the discharge conditions such as the magnitude of the current, the duration of the current, the allowable terminal voltage of the battery, temperature and other factors.
The available capacity of a battery depends upon the rate at which it is discharged. If a battery is discharged at a relatively high rate, the available capacity will be lower than expected.
The battery capacity that battery manufacturers print on a battery is the product of 20 hours multiplied by the maximum constant current that a new battery can supply for 20 hours at 68 F° (20 C°), down to a predetermined terminal voltage per cell.
A battery rated at 100 A·h will deliver 5 A over a 20 hour period at room temperature. However, if it is instead discharged at 50 A, it will run out of charge before the theoretically-expected 2 hours.
where
The relationship between current, discharge time, and capacity for a lead acid battery is expressed by Peukert's law. The efficiency of a battery is different at different discharge rates. When discharging at low rate, the battery's energy is delivered more efficiently than at higher discharge rates.
In general, the higher the ampere-hour rating, the longer the battery will last for a certain load. Installing batteries with different A·h ratings will not affect the operation of a device rated for a specific voltage unless the load limits of the battery are exceeded. Theoretically, a battery would operate at its A·h rating, but realistically, high-drain loads like digital cameras can result in lower actual energy, most notably for alkaline batteries. For example, a battery rated at 2000 mA·h may not sustain a current of 1 A for the full two hours.
Life of primary batteries
Even if never taken out of the original package, disposable (or "primary") batteries can lose 8 to 20 percent of their original charge every year at a temperature of about 20°–30°C. This is known as the "self discharge" rate and is due to non-current-producing "side" chemical reactions, which occur within the cell even if no load is applied to it. The rate of the side reactions is reduced if the batteries are stored at low temperature, although some batteries can be damaged by freezing. High or low temperatures may reduce battery performance. This will affect the initial voltage of the battery. For an AA alkaline battery this initial voltage is approximately normally distributed around 1.6 volts.
Discharging performance of all batteries drops at low temperature.
Life of rechargeable batteries
Rechargeable batteries traditionally self-discharge more rapidly than disposable alkaline batteries; up to three percent a day (depending on temperature). However, modern Lithium designs have reduced the self-discharge rate to a relatively low level (but still poorer than for primary batteries). Due to their poor shelf life, rechargeable batteries should not be stored and then relied upon to power flashlights or radios in an emergency. For this reason, it is a good idea to keep alkaline batteries on hand. NiCd Batteries are almost always "dead" when purchased, and must be charged before first use.
Although rechargeable batteries may be refreshed by charging, they still suffer degradation through usage. Low-capacity Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) batteries (1700-2000 mA·h) can be charged for about 1000 cycles, whereas high capacity NiMH batteries (above 2500 mA·h) can be charged for about 500 cycles. Nickel Cadmium (NiCd) batteries tend to be rated for 1,000 cycles before their internal resistance increases beyond usable values. Normally a fast charge, rather than a slow overnight charge, will result in a shorter battery lifespan. However, if the overnight charger is not "smart" (i.e. it cannot detect when the battery is fully charged), then overcharging is likely, which will damage the battery. Degradation usually occurs because electrolyte migrates away from the electrodes or because active material falls off the electrodes. NiCd batteries suffer the drawback that they should be fully discharged before recharge. Without full discharge, crystals may build up on the electrodes, thus decreasing the active surface area and increasing internal resistance. This decreases battery capacity and causes the dreaded "memory effect". These electrode crystals can also penetrate the electrolyte separator, thereby causing shorts. NiMH, although similar in chemistry, does not suffer from "memory effect" to quite this extent. When a battery reaches the end of its lifetime, it will not suddenly lose all of its capacity; rather, its capacity will gradually decrease.
Automotive lead-acid rechargeable batteries have a much harder life. Because of vibration, shock, heat, cold, and sulfation of their lead plates, few automotive batteries last beyond six years of regular use. Automotive starting batteries have many thin plates to provide as much current as possible in a reasonably small package. Typically they are only drained a small amount before recharge. Care should be taken to avoid deep discharging a starting battery, since each charge and discharge cycle causes active material to be shed from the plates. Hole formation in the plates leads to less surface area for the current-producing chemical reactions, resulting in less available current when under load. Leaving a lead-acid battery in a deeply discharged state for any significant length of time allows the lead sulfate to crystallize, making it difficult or impossible to remove during the charging process. This can result in a permanent reduction in the available plate surface, and therefore reduced current output and energy capacity.
"Deep-Cycle" lead-acid batteries such as those used in electric golf carts have much thicker plates to aid their longevity. The main benefit of the lead-acid battery is its low cost; the main drawbacks are its large size and weight for a given capacity and voltage. Lead-acid batteries should never be discharged to below 20% of their full capacity, because internal resistance will cause heat and damage when they are recharged. Deep-cycle lead-acid systems often use a low-charge warning light or a low-charge power cut-off switch to prevent the type of damage that will shorten the battery's life.
Special "reserve" batteries intended for long storage in emergency equipment or munitions keep the electrolyte of the battery separate from the plates until the battery is activated, allowing the cells to be filled with the electrolyte. Shelf times for such batteries can be years or decades. However, their construction is more expensive than more common forms.
Extending battery life
Battery life can be extended by storing the batteries at a low temperature, as in a refrigerator or freezer, because the chemical reactions in the batteries are slower. Such storage can extend the life of alkaline batteries by ~5%; while the charge of rechargeable batteries can be extended  from a few days up to several months. In order to reach their maximum voltage, batteries must be returned to room temperature; therefore, alkaline battery manufacturers like Duracell do not recommend refrigerating or freezing batteries.
Battery hazards
A battery explosion is caused by the misuse or malfunction of a battery, such as attempting to recharge a primary (non-rechargeable) battery, or short circuiting a battery. With car batteries, explosions are most likely to occur when a short circuit generates very large currents. In addition, car batteries liberate hydrogen when they are overcharged (because of electrolysis of the water in the electrolyte). Normally the amount of overcharging is very small, as is the amount of explosive gas developed, and the gas dissipates quickly. However, when "jumping" a car battery, the high current can cause the rapid release of large volumes of hydrogen, which can be ignited by a nearby spark (for example, when removing the jumper cables).
Battery manufacture consumes resources and often involves hazardous chemicals. Used batteries also contribute to electronic waste. Some areas now have battery recycling services available to recover some of the materials from used batteries. Batteries may be harmful or fatal if swallowed. Recycling or proper disposal prevents dangerous elements (such as lead, mercury, and cadmium) found in some types of batteries from entering the environment. In the United States, Americans purchase nearly three billion batteries annually, and about 179,000 tons of those end up in landfills across the country. In the United States the Environmental Protection Agency’s Mercury-Containing and Rechargeable Battery Management Act of 1996, has reduced the amount of mercury in regular household batteries. Recycling programs for lead and cadmium batteries have been put in place. Recycling and disposal regulations may in the future apply to alkaline and nickel-metal hydride batteries.
See also
• 2
Further reading
-->
Grafik Gantt
Grafik Gantt nyaéta hiji tipe grafik batang nu ngilustrasikeun hiji jadwal proyek. Grafik Gantt ngilustrasikeun tanggal mimiti jeung rengsena unsur-unsur terminal jeung unsur-unsur ringkesan tina hiji proyek. Unsur-unsur terminal jeung ringkesan kaasup struktur perelean gawe tina hiji proyék. Sababaraha grafik Gantt ogé mintonkeun hubungan nu gumantung (contona, raramat nu kudu diheulakeun) antara unggal kagiatan. Grafik Gantt bisa dipaké keur mintonkeun status jadwal kiwari maké bangbayang persen rengse jeung gurat nangtung "POE IEU" saperti nu katingali dina gambar.
Sanajan kiwari geus mangrupa tehnik grafik nu ilahar, grafik Gantt dianggep revolusioner nalika mungaran diawnohkeun. Pikeun ngaku kana kontribusi Henry Gantt, Medali Henry Laurence Gantt dihadiahkeun keur beubeunangan nu béda dina manajemen jeung ladenan komunitas. Grafik ieu dipaké ogé dina Tehnologi Informasi keur nuduhkeun data nu geus dikumpulkeun. <!--
Sajarah
The first known Gantt Chart was developed in 1896 by Karol Adamiecki, who called it a harmonogram. Adamiecki did not publish his chart until 1931, however, and then only in Polish. The chart is commonly known after Henry Gantt (1861–1919), who designed his chart around the years 1910–1915.
Kauntungan tur watesan
Gantt charts have become a common technique for representing the phases and activities of a project work breakdown structure (WBS), so they can be understood by a wide audience.
A common error made by those who equate Gantt chart design with project design is that they attempt to define the project work breakdown structure at the same time that they define schedule activities. This practice makes it very difficult to follow the 100% Rule. Instead the WBS should be fully defined to follow the 100% Rule, then the project schedule can be designed.
Although a Gantt chart is useful and valuable for small projects that fit on a single sheet or screen, they can become quite unwieldy for projects with more than about 30 activities. Larger Gantt charts may not be suitable for most computer displays. A related criticism is that Gantt charts communicate relatively little information per unit area of display. That is, projects are often considerably more complex than can be communicated effectively with a Gantt chart.
Gantt charts only represent part of the triple constraints of projects, because they focus primarily on schedule management. Moreover, Gantt charts do not represent the size of a project or the relative size of work elements, therefore the magnitude of a behind-schedule condition is easily miscommunicated. If two projects are the same number of days behind schedule, the larger project has a larger impact on resource utilization, yet the Gantt does not represent this difference.
Although project management software can show schedule dependencies as lines between activities, displaying a large number of dependencies may result in a cluttered or unreadable chart.
616 SM
616 SM nyaéta taun ka-616 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
612 SM
612 SM nyaéta taun ka-612 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Karang Anyar, Aek Kuo, Labuhanbatu Kalér
Karang Anyar nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Aek Kuo, Kabupatén Labuhanbatu Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Laut Jepang
Physical characteristics
The Sea of Japan is bound by the Russian mainland and Sakhalin island to the north, the Korean Peninsula to the west, and the Japanese islands of Hokkaidō, Honshū, and Kyūshū to the east.
Rajshahi
Kota Rajshahi (রাজশাহী) nyaéta ibu kota ti Divisi Rajshahi sarta Distrik Rajshahi sarta salah sahiji ti 7 kota métropolitan di Bangladés. Dilandi Kota Sutra jeung Kota Atikan, Rajshahi aya di beulah kalér-kulon nagara sarta miboga populasi kirang-langkungna 853.000 jiwa. Legana 96.69 km2 sarta aya di gigir kalér Walungan Padma (atawa Gangga). Rajshahi miboga 4 Thana, 35 distrik kota, jeung 175 Mahalla.
Laut Jepang
Physical characteristics
It is connected to other seas by five shallow straits: the Strait of Tartary between the Asian mainland and Sakhalin; La Perouse Strait between the islands of Sakhalin and Hokkaidō; the Tsugaru Strait between the islands of Hokkaidō and Honshū; the Kanmon Straits between the islands of Honshū and Kyūshū; and the Korea Strait (genkainada) between the Korean Peninsula and the island of Kyūshū. The Korea Strait is composed of the Western Channel and the Tsushima Strait, on either side of Tsushima Island.
The sea has three major basins: the Yamato Basin in the southeast; the Japan Basin in the north; and the Tsushima Basin (Ulleung Basin) in the southwest. The Japan Basin has the deepest areas of the sea, while the Tsushima Basin has the shallowest.
On the eastern shores, the continental shelves of the sea are wide, but on the western shores, particularly along the Korean coast, they are narrow, averaging about 30 kilometres wide.