cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Ayip Rosidi
Karya-karyana
Aya ratusan karya Ayip. Sababaraha di antarana:
Ayip ogé nulis drama, carita rahayat, carita wayang, bacaan barudak, lulucon, jeung mémoar sarta jadi éditor babaraha bunga rampai.
Hilina'a, Gunungsitoli, Gunungsitoli
Hilina'a nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Gunungsitoli, Kota Gunungsitoli, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Budi Luhur, Pandan, Tapanuli Tengah
Budi Luhur nyaéta salah sahiji Kalurahan di kacamatan Pandan, Kabupatén Tapanuli Tengah, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
1802
Taun ka-1802 Maséhi dina Kalénder Grégorian.
Bajubang Laut, Muara Bulian, Batanghari
Bajubang Laut nyaéta salah sahiji désa di kacamatan Muara Bulian, Kabupatén Batanghari, Propinsi Jambi, Indonésia.
Sukamaju, Padahérang, Ciamis
Sukamaju nyaéta salah sahiji désa di kacamatan Padahérang, Kabupatén Ciamis, Propinsi Jawa Barat, Indonésia.
Rikit Gaib, Gayo Lues
Rikit Gaib nyaéta salah sahiji kacamatan di Kabupatén Gayo Lues, Propinsi Acéh, Indonésia.
Karangampél, Indramayu
Karangampél nyaéta hiji kacamatan di Kabupatén Indramayu, Propinsi Jawa Barat, Indonésia.
Linggajaya, Cisitu, Sumedang
Linggajaya nyaéta salah sahiji désa di kacamatan Cisitu, Kabupatén Sumedang, Propinsi Jawa Barat, Indonésia.
Sukanagara, Padahérang, Ciamis
Sukanagara nyaéta salah sahiji désa di kacamatan Padahérang, Kabupatén Ciamis, Propinsi Jawa Barat, Indonésia.
Kalangan Indah, Pandan, Tapanuli Tengah
Kalangan Indah nyaéta salah sahiji Kalurahan di kacamatan Pandan, Kabupatén Tapanuli Tengah, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Singkawang, Muara Bulian, Batanghari
Singkawang nyaéta salah sahiji désa di kacamatan Muara Bulian, Kabupatén Batanghari, Propinsi Jambi, Indonésia.
Iraonogeba, Gunungsitoli, Gunungsitoli
Iraonogeba nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Gunungsitoli, Kota Gunungsitoli, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
1801
Taun ka-1801 Maséhi dina Kalénder Grégorian.
Rundeng, Subulussalam
Rundeng nyaéta salah sahiji kacamatan di Kota Subulussalam, Propinsi Acéh, Indonésia.
Bangunsari, Pamarican, Ciamis
Bangunsari nyaéta salah sahiji désa di kacamatan Pamarican, Kabupatén Ciamis, Propinsi Jawa Barat, Indonésia.
Transformasi Fourier
Transformasi Fourier nyéta hiji alat matematis anu ngawincik fungsi non-périodik kana fungsi-fungsi sinusoida anu nyusunna. Tranformasi Fourier ogé mangrupa alat pikeun ngarobah fungsi waktu kana wujud fungsi frékuénsi.
Dina matématika, lamun fungsi périodik bisa diwincik kana sajumlah dérét fungsi anu disebut deret Fourier ku rumus mangka géneralisasi pikeun fungsi non-périodik bisa dilakukeun maké rumus nu disebut transformasi Fourier. Jadi transformasi Fourier mangrupa generalisasi tina dérét Fourier
Définisi
Lamun x(t) mangrupa hiji sinyal non-périodik. Mangka transformasi Fourier x(t), anu dilambangkeun ku \mathcal{F}, didéfinisikeun ku
Kabalikan transformasi Fourier X(\omega) dilambangkeun ku sarta didéfiniskieun kieu:
di mana disebut pasangan transformasi Fourier.
Sifat Transformasi Fourier
Urang ngagunakeun perlambang pikeun ngalambangkeun yén x(t) jeung X(ω) mangrupa pasangan transformasi Fourier.
1. Liniéritas (superposisi):
2. Kakalian
3. Modulasi:
4. Géséran waktu
5. Géséran frékuénsi:
6. Skala:
7. Lawan / kabalikan waktu:
9. Diferensiasi waktu:
10. Diferensiasi frékuénsi:
11. Integrasi:
Mangga Dua, Pandan, Tapanuli Tengah
Mangga Dua nyaéta salah sahiji Kalurahan di kacamatan Pandan, Kabupatén Tapanuli Tengah, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Ranjeng, Cisitu, Sumedang
Ranjeng nyaéta salah sahiji désa di kacamatan Cisitu, Kabupatén Sumedang, Propinsi Jawa Barat, Indonésia.
Junichiro Koizumi
Junichiro Koizumi (小泉純一郎) Perdana Mentri Jepang manten.
Sanggeus jadi pingpinan Partéy Démokratik Liberal (PDL) taun 2001, Koizumi kawentar salaku ahli hukum réformasi, museurkeun kana hutang pamaréntah Jepang tur ngaswastakeun parusahaan pos. Taun 2005, Koizumi nu mingpin PDL meunang sora mayoritas di parlemén dina sajarah Jepang modéren. Sababaraha kritik nyababkeun goréngna hubungan jeung nagara tatangga nagara Asia saperti Cina jeung Koréa Kidul.
Awal kahirupan
Koizumi generasi katilu kulawarga politikus. Ramana, Junya Koizumi, direktur jenderal Departemen Pertahanan Jepang sareng anggota Diet. Akina, Matajiro Koizumi, Menteri Pos jeung Télékomunikasi jaman Perdana Menteri Hamaguchi sareng Wakatsuki sarta nu ngamimitian privatisasi parusahaan pos. Tempo: Koizumi family.
Lahir Yokosuka dina 8 Januari 1942, Koizumi namatkeun sakola di SMA Yokosuka High School jeung Universitas Keio, dina widang ekonomi. Koizumi kuliah di University College London saméméh mulang ka Jepang dina Agustus 1969 sanggeus ramana ngantunkeun. Koizumi milu daptar keur anggota majlis rendah dina pamilihan Desember; tapi teu menang sora nu cukup di Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). Taun 1970, Koizumi jadi sekretaris Takeo Fukuda, Menteri Keuangan harita nu jadi Perdana Menteri dina taun 1976.
Dina pamilihan umum Desember 1972, Koizumi kapilih jadi anggota Lower House di Distrik 11 Perfektur Kanagawa. Koizumi jeung Fukuda ngahiji di LDP. Ti harita, Koizumi kapilih 10 kali.
Nikah jeung cerai
Koizumi nikah dina umur 21 taun jeung mahasiswa Keio, Kayoko Miyamoto taun 1978, sanggeus ngalamar dina poé munggaran panggih (nu disiapkeun ku asisten politik Koizumi). Pestana di Tokyo Prince Hotel nu dihadiran leuwih ti 2,500 urang, kaasup Fukuda (Prime Minister), tur bentuk kue perkawinanna saperti Gedung Diet Nasional.
<!-- The marriage ended in divorce in 1982. Miyamoto was unhappy with her lifestyle and Koizumi did not see Miyamoto as a viable political wife. After this divorce, Koizumi vowed never to marry again, saying that divorce consumed ten times more energy than marriage.
Two of his three sons (Kotaro Koizumi and Shinjiro Koizumi) were kept in Koizumi's custody and raised by one of Koizumi's sisters. Although Miyamoto claims that she was to be allowed to see her two sons once they reach the age of 16, this did not happen and she has not been able to see them since the divorce. The youngest, Yoshinaga Miyamoto, a student at Keio University, was born following the divorce and has never met Koizumi. This third son is known to have attended one of Koizumi's rallies, but was also turned away when trying to meet his father by attending his grandmother's funeral.
Rise to power
Koizumi gained his first senior post in 1979 as Parliamentary Vice Minister of Finance, and his first ministerial post in 1988 as Minister of Health and Welfare under Prime Minister Noboru Takeshita. He held cabinet posts again in 1992 (Minister of Posts and Telecommunications in the Miyazawa cabinet) and 1996–1998 (Minister of Health and Welfare in the Uno and Hashimoto cabinets).
In 1994, with the LDP in opposition, Koizumi became part of a new LDP faction, Shinseiki, made up of younger and more motivated parliamentarians led by Taku Yamasaki, Koichi Kato and Koizumi, a group popularly dubbed "YKK." He competed for the presidency of the LDP in September 1995 and July 1999, but he gained little support losing decisively to Ryutaro Hashimoto and then Keizo Obuchi, both of whom had broader bases of support within the party. However, after Yamasaki and Kato were humiliated in a disastrous attempt to force a vote of no confidence against Prime Minister Yoshiro Mori in 2000, Koizumi became the last remaining credible member of the YKK trio, which gave him leverage over the reform-minded wing of the party.
Kawijakan luar negeri
Koizumi is popular among many Japanese for his assertive foreign policy stances, such as the deployment of Japanese Self-Defence Forces to Iraq, an unrepentant stance towards China and South Korea over his Yasukuni war shrine visits, the pursuit of pro-active negotiations with North Korea, and emphasizing Japan's claims against Russia over the Kuril Islands. Some Japanese commentators have also praised his friendly relationship with United States President George W. Bush, even though the Japanese electorate has been generally ambivalent towards relations with the U.S. The deployment of Japanese Self-Defence Forces in Iraq was intended as a demonstration of Japanese national confidence, rather than support of U.S. policy. It was controversial due to its military nature which conflicted with Japan's pacifist tendency since the end of World War II.
However, in terms of voter appeal, Koizumi's assertive foreign policy is considerably less important to the Japanese electorate than his domestic restructuring and economic policy.
Self-Defense Forces Policy
Although Koizumi did not initially campaign on the issue of defense reform, he approved the expansion of the Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF) and in October 2001 they were given greater scope to operate outside of the country. Some of these troops were dispatched to Iraq, though only to carry out non-combat duties. Koizumi's government also introduced a bill to upgrade the Japan Defense Agency to ministry status, but this bill was not passed in the 2006 session and will be deferred to the next session under the watch of Koizumi's successor.
Controversial visits to Yasukuni shrine
Koizumi has often been noted for his controversial visits to the Yasukuni Shrine, starting on August 13, 2001. He has visited the shrine four times, most recently on October 16, 2005. Because the shrine honors many convicted Japanese war criminals, including 14 executed Class A war criminals, these visits have drawn strong condemnation and protests from Japan's neighbors, mainly the People's Republic of China and South Korea. These countries still hold bitter memories of Japanese invasion and occupation during the first half of the 20th century.
In China, the visits have provoked massive anti-Japanese riots that have often erupted in violence. Some Japanese and Western observers, however, believe that the Chinese government intentionally allowed these riots to turn public attention away from domestic issues. However, there have also been many protests in South Korea, with even Korean President Kim Dae Jung openly criticizing the visits.
Although Koizumi signs the shrine's visitor book as "Junichiro Koizumi, the Prime Minister of Japan", he claims that the visits to the shrine are as a private citizen and not an endorsement of any political stance. Koizumi's father built an airfield in Kagoshima, which was used for kamikaze missions during 1944–5, and a cousin died on such a mission.
Statements on World War II
On August 15, 2005, the sixtieth anniversary of the end of World War II, Koizumi publicly stated that Japan was deeply saddened by the suffering it caused during World War II and vowed Japan would never again take "the path to war". However, Koizumi has been criticised for actions that run contrary to this expression of remorse. For example, he has continued to make visits to the controversial Yasukuni Shrine. This has resulted in worsening relations with China and South Korea, two important trading partners, and even the cancellation of important bilateral meetings in late 2005. His party also cancelled plans for the building of a neutral, non-militaristic shrine that might have stemmed criticism. In addition, Koizumi's attempts to make Japan play a more active military role abroad have been seen as contradictory to his statement. -->
Popularitas
Dina mimiti pamaréntahanna, Koizumi pamimpin nu kawentar ku kajujuran kawijakanna nu jelas tur kahirupanna nu pinuh warna. Koizomi disebut "Lionheart", dumasar kana rambutna tur jiwana nu pinuh sumanget, jeung "Maverick". Dina Juni 2001, 85 persen masyarakat Jepang satuju kana kawijakanna tur ngan 7 persen nu nolak.
In January 2002, he sacked his popular but volatile Foreign Minister Makiko Tanaka, replacing her with Yoriko Kawaguchi. By April, following an economic slump and a series of LDP scandals that claimed the career of YKK member Koichi Kato, Koizumi's popularity rating had fallen 40 percentage points since his nomination as prime minister.
However, Koizumi was re-elected in 2003 and his popularity surged as the economy recovered. His proposal to cut pension benefits as a move to fiscal reform, however, turned out to be highly unpopular. This restricted his administration's approval rating in the House of Councilors elections in 2004 to being only marginally better than the opposition Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ). In 2005, the House of Councilors rejected the contentious postal privatization bills. Koizumi previously made it cléar that he would dissolve the lower house if the bill failed to pass. The Democratic Party, while expressing support for the privatisation, made a tactical vote against the bill. Fifty-one LDP members also either voted against the bills or abstained.
On August 8, 2005, Koizumi, as promised, dissolved the House of Representatives and called for snap elections. He also expelled rebel LDP members for not supporting the bill. The LDP's chances for success were initially uncertain; the secretary general of New Komeito (a junior coalition partner with Koizumi's Liberal Democratic Party) said that his party would entertain forming a coalition government with the Democratic Party of Japan if the DPJ took a majority in the House of Representatives.
The elections on September 11 were the LDP's largest victory in decades, giving the party a large majority in the House of Representatives and nullifying opposing voices in the House of Councilors. In the following Diet session, the last to be held under Koizumi's government, the LDP passed 82 of its 91 proposed bills, including postal privatization.
"Post-Koizumi"
The four léading candidates to replace Koizumi are Shinzo Abe, Yasuo Fukuda, Sadakazu Tanigaki, and Taro Aso. Faction léader Taro Kono has also expressed an interest in standing in the party elections. However, none of the five have officially declared their candidacies. Formal declarations are not expected until July 2006 at the éarliest. In a June poll of 403 LDP lawmakers, Abe had the backing of 130, followed by Fukuda with 30.
Kabinet Koizumi
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Trivia
Koizumi, who at the time of retirement will be the longest-serving prime minister in Japanese history, is a fan of Richard Wagner, X Japan, and the Japanese Pop band Morning Musume, and has released a CD of his favorite songs by Ennio Morricone. .
Koizumi is also a noted fan of Elvis Presley, with whom he shares a birthday (January 8). In 2001 he released a collection of his favorite Elvis songs on CD with his comments about each song. His brother is Senior Advisor of the Tokyo Elvis Fan Club. Koizumi and his brother helped finance a statue of Elvis in Tokyo's Harajuku district. On June 30, 2006, he visited the rock legend's former estate, Graceland, accompanied by U.S. President George W. Bush, and First Lady Laura Bush. After arriving in Memphis aboard on Air Force 1, they headed to Graceland,  making this visit the first ever by a sitting President of the United States and the head of a foreign Government in a residence other than the White House, or any of the presidential homes and retreats. While there, Koizumi briefly sang a few bars of his favourite Elvis tunes, whilst warmly impersonating Presley, mimicking his characteristic hand movements and leg shakes, and wearing Presley's trademark oversized golden sunglasses.
References
See also:
External links
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Doraémon
Doraemon (ドラえもん) nyaéta manga anu kasohor dikarang Fujiko F. Fujio ti taun 1970. Caritana ngeunaah budak kelas 4 SD anu ngarana Nobi Nobita, sipat ieu budak téh ngedul alatan kitu manéhna kadatangan ucing anu ngarana Doraemon anu datang ti abad ka-22. Doraémon dikirim pikeun nulungan Nobita sangkan katurunan Nobita bisa ngarasakeun kasuksésana daripada kudu sangsara tina hutang pinansialna nu disababkeun ku kabodoana Nobita.
Sajarah
Doraémon nyaéta robot ucing anu dijieun tanggal 3 September 2112 di salah sahiji pabrik anu teu jauh ti Tokyo. Produksi massal berbagai macam tipe robot terjadi pada abad ke-22. Alatan kacelakaan dina prosés nyieuna, ngabalukarkeun doraémon henteu sampurna. Doraémon kurang 1 sekrup dibandingkeun robot ucing lainna nepi ka Doraémon jadi barang kelas dua. Sanajan Doraémon henteu hadé dina widang sakolana, ahirna Doraémon dikirim ka Akademi Robot pikeun dilatih jadi robot rumah tangga. Unggal ujian, Doraémon osok meunang penteu goréng, tapi ahirna Doraémon bisa lulus ogé. Balukarna, Doraémon dilélang tuluy aya anu nawar nyaéta kulawarga anu kurang mampu. Manéhna kudu gawé jadi babysitter, ahirna Doraémon jadi nagsuh katurunan Nobita. Hiji mangsa, nalika Doraémon eukeur ngeunahna saré aya robot beurit anu ngégél 2 ceulina. Ti saprak éta Doraémon jadi sieun ka beurit. Kajadian éta ngabalukarkeun Doraémon ceurik salila 10 poé. Ku sabab ceurik waé Doraémon jadi robah jirimna anu asalna warna konéng jadi warna biru alatan kabaseuhan cai panonna. Nepi ka ayeuna Doraémon warnana biru.
Haphap
Haphap atawa cekibar nyaéta sato jenis réptil nu kaasup suku (familia) Agamedae. Kadal liana nu masih sasuku nyaéta londok jeung soa-soa (Hydrosaurus sp.). Haphap saenyana mah teu kaasup dulur tina cakcak upamana siga toké (suku Gekkoidae). Sato kadal nu bisa ngapung ieu ilahar kapanggih di pulo Jawa. Ngaran ilmiahna nyaéta Draco volans Linnaeus, 1758. Ngaran lokal di unggal wewengkon rupa-rupa, dina basa Sunda mah disebut haphap, Batawi cekibar, basa Jawa celérét gombél atawa klarap. Ana pon dina basa Inggris disebut gliding lizards atawa flying dragon. Ieu sato téh sumebar ti mimiti Thailand jeung Semenanjung Malaya di kulon; kapuloan Filipina di kalér; Sumatra, Mentawai, Riau, Natuna, Bornéo, Jawa, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, nepi ka Maluku di wétan.
Ciri-cirina
Ieu kadal téh ukuranana kaasup leutik, panjang totalna kira-kira 200 mm. Patagium (“jangjang”) nyaéta genep pasang tulang iga nu manjang kaluar dibungkus ku kulit. Sisi luhur “patagium” kelirna konéng nepika oranyeu, aya tutul-tutul hideungan. Sisi handapna abu-abu semu konéng, aya tutul-tutul hideungan ogé. Huluna rada korodok semu masagi. Dina beuheungna aya “salempay” anu bisa dibuka-tutup warnana konéng (jalu) atawa biru cerah (bikang). Di sisi tukang huluna aya “makuta” nu wangunna rérégéan semu cucukan. Matana has kadal agamid. Dorsal (sisi luhur awak) warnana coklat nepi ka semu hideung atawa abu-abu, warnana bisa baganti jadi leuwih poék atawa nyaangan upama ngarasa kaganggu. Sapanjang tulang tonggongna aya pola tutul hideung anu perenahna rapih: ti mimiti ubun-ubun, satukakeun hulu, punduk, tuluy ngagedéan jeung robah jadi pola hideung semu soklat satengah buleud di tilu titik dina tonggong (dorsum) jeung hiji dina puhu buntut. Ieu pola warna téh mangrupa “baju” anu hadé pikeun nyumput dina papagan tatangkalan. Ventral (sisi handap awak) abu-abu semu bodas, rada héjo di sisi médial (garis tengah awak); aya titik-titik semu soklat dina lebah lateral (sisi kénca-katuhu awak). Buntutna kira-kira 1,5 kali panjang awakna; tungtungna welang kalawan aya sisitan anu kuat ngahiji.
Kabiasaan
Haphap biasa kapanggih di buruan, kebon, jeung leuweung. Mindeng ogé ieu sato téh katohyan keur moro serangga dina papagan tangkal. Kadang-kadang haphap pindah tina tangkal ka tangkal séjénna ku cara “ngapung”, nyaéta luncat tuluy ngalayang maké “jangjangna”. Lamun keur usum begér, mindeng kapanggih haphap jalu keur ngungudag bikangna dina satangkal. Haphap neundeun endog dina jero taneuh nu béar atawa humus deukeut tangkal. Bikangna ngali taneuh maké sungutna.
Klasifikasi genus Draco
(Sabangsaning Haphap)
Referensi
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecak_terbang http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draco_volans http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draco_(genus) http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Draco
Situmekar, Cisitu, Sumedang
Situmekar nyaéta salah sahiji désa di kacamatan Cisitu, Kabupatén Sumedang, Propinsi Jawa Barat, Indonésia.
Melly Goeslaw
Melly Goeslaw ngaran aslina Mellyana, lahir 7 Januari 1974. Manéhna salah sahiji panyanyi sarta panulis lagu anu geus ngorbitkeun loba panyanyi. Anak hiji-hijina ti pasangan Ersi Sukaesih sarta (Alm) Melky Goeslaw ieu geus suksés nyiptakeun rupa-rupa lagu, di antarana lagu anu judulna Jika manéhna duét bareng jeung urut vokalis band Déwa 19, Ari Lasso.
Saterusna kesuksesanna nyiptakeun lagu Menghitung hari anu dinyanyikeun ku Krisdayanti sarta lagu Hati Yang Terpilih anu dibawakeun ku Rossa.
Sajaba ti éta lagu-lagu pamajikan musisi Anto Hoed ieu loba jadi sountrack film, di antarana, OST. Ada Apa Dengan Cinta (2002), OST. Eiffel Im In Love (2003) sarta OST. Apa Artinya Cinta (2005). Sajaba ti éta manéhna ogé nyieun albeum Intuisi (2004) sarta Mindsoul (2007), anu sawatara lagunana mibanda bit anu leuwih gancang.
Melly Goeslaw babarengan jeung Anto Hoed ayeuna leuwih mindeng kalibet dina pembuatan soundtrack film layar lébar tinimbang albeum sorangan. Melly Goeslaw anu ngaranna asup dina jajaran 17 Class Music Heroes ieu dipercaya nyieun soundtrack film religi, Ketika Cinta Bertasbih. Di soundtrack film ieu ogé, Melly nyanyikeun lagu Ketika Cinta Bertasbih.
Cendrawasih
Manuk Cenderawasih atawa anu disebut ku jalma deungeun mah kalayan ngaran Bird of Paradise, mangrupa manuk has Papua. Buluna éndah, utamana aya dina cendrawasih jalu. Umumna bulu pohara cerah kalayan kombinasi hideung, coklat kabeureum-beureuman, orén, konéng, bodas, biru, héjo, sarta bungur. Ukuran manuk Cenderawasih rupa-rupa. Aya anu ukuranana 15 cm kalayan beurat 50 gram kawas dina jenis Cendrawasih Raja (Cicinnurus regius), nepi ka anu ukuranana sagedé 110 cm Cendrawasih Pamatuk Sabit Hideung (Epimachus albertisi) atawa anu beuratna ngahontal 430 gram kawas dina Cendrawasih Manukod Jambul-bergulung (Manucodia comrii). Ku masarakat Papua, manuk cendrawasih dipercaya minangka titisan bidadari ti surga. Bulu cendrawasih ieu dipaké ku masarakat di Papua dina pakéan sarta adat maranéhanana, sarta sawatara abad anu tuluy bulu éta penting pikeun dijieun topi wanoja di Éropa.
Melly Goeslaw
Kawas penyanyi séjénna, Melly ogé boga impian ngayakeun konser tunggal. Sarta dina taun 2009, impian éta bakal kabiruyungan. Kalayan dimotori ku KD Production milik artis Krisdayanti, Melly baris manggelarkeun konsér. Konsér tunggal bertajuk Glow ieu diayakeun dina Agustus 2009.
Cendrawasih
Sajarah Disebut Manuk Surga
Baheulana manuk ieu dianggap minangka manuk geulis tapi henteu miboga suku. Maranéhanana henteu turun ka handap tapi ngan aya di luhur waé lantaran bulu-buluna anu éndah. Alatan éta saterusna manuk Cenderawasih kaceluk minangka Bird of Paradise atawa Manuk Surga (Kayangan). Spésiés cendrawasih anu kaceluk antara nyaéta Paradisaea apoda, Paradisaea minor, Cicinnurus regius, sarta Seleucidis melanoleuca. Manuk cendrawasih anu pangkacelukna nyaéta anggota genus Paradisaea, kaasup spésiés tipena, cendrawasih konéng badag, Paradisaea apoda. Manuk-manuk cendrawasih mangrupa anggota kulawarga Paradisaeidae ti ordo Passeriformes. Maranéhanana kapanggih di Indonésia wétan, pulo-pulo gupitan Torres, Papua Nugini, sarta Australia wétan. Ti 43 spésiés manuk geulis ieu, 35 di antarana bisa kapanggih di Papua. Sésana, geus hésé kapanggih. Wewengkon sebaran cendrawasih aya di leuweung-leuweung pagunungan Papua Nugini bagian wétan sarta tenggara, luhurna 1.400 méter nepi ka 1.800 méter di luhur permukaan laut. Aya tilu puluh jenis cendrawasih aya di Indonésia, 28 di antarana kapanggih di Papua anu mangrupa tempat ancik cendrawasih paradigalla carunculata, cendrawasih buntut panjang astrapia nigra, cendrawasih paratia parotia sefilata, cendrawasih Wilson cicinnurus respublica, sarta cendrawasih beureum paradiasea rubra.
Melly Goeslaw
Patali jeung konser Glow, mecenghul berita anu ngejutkeun anu ngomong duit ratusan juta anu kuduna jadi hak Melly Goeslaw acan dibayarkeun ku Krisdayanti salaku nu boga KD Production. Balukarna hubungan di antara maranéhanana jadi renggang. Tapi, Anto Hoed, salaki Melly Goeslaw néngtéréwéléng ngenaan kabar ieu.
Melly Goeslaw ngarasa nagara tacan méré hak-hak sapinuhna, nyieun GASS (Gabungan Artis Sarta Seniman Sunda). Manéhna ogé ditunjuk minangka pupuhu organisasi ieu. Sajaba ti éta, Melly Goeslaw dinobatkan jadi duta Hak Kakayaan Intelektual (HKI) 26 April 2011.
Cendrawasih
Déskripsi sarta Ciri Cendrawasih
Manuk-manuk Cendrawasih miboga ciri has buluna anu éndah anu dipiboga ku manuk jalu. Umumna buluna boga warna cerah kalayan kombinasi sawatara kelir kawas hideung, coklat, beureum, oranyeu, konéng, bodas, biru, héjo sarta wungu.
Ukuran manuk Cenderawasih rupa-rupa. Mimitian ti anu ukuranana 15 cm kalayan beurat 50 gram kawas dina jenis Cendrawasih Raja (Cicinnurus regius), nepi ka anu ukuranana sagedé 110 cm Cendrawasih Pamatuk Sabit Hideung (Epimachus albertisi) atawa anu abotna ngahontal 430 gram kawas dina Cendrawasih Manukod Jambul-bergulung (Manucodia comrii).
Kaéndahan bulu Cendrawasih jalu dipaké pikeun metot perhatian lawan jenis. Pikeun ‘ngarayu’ cendrawasih bikang sangkan daék diajak kawin, manuk jalu baris mamérkeun buluna kalayan ngalakonan tarian-tarian éndah. Bari ngahaleuang di luhur dahan, pejantan nari kalayan sagala rupa gerakan ka sagala rupa arah. Komo sakapeung nepi ka ngagantung tibalik dina dahan. Tapi, unggal spésiés Cendrawasih tinangtu boga tipe tarian pangsoranganna.
Manuk Cendrawasih miboga habitat leuweung leubeut anu umumna di wewengkon dataran pendék. Manuk ti surga ieu bisa ditepungan di sawatara pulo di Indonésia bagian wétan kawas Maluku sarta Papua. Sajaba ti éta ogé bisa kapanggih di Papua Nugini sarta Australian Wétan.
Jenis-jenis Manuk Cendrawasih
Cendrawasih diwangun luhur 13 genus anu miboga kira-kira 43 spésiés (jenis). Indonésia mangrupa nagara kalayan jumlah spésiés Cendrawasih panglobana. Kira-kira 30-an jenis Cendrawasih bisa kapanggih di Indonésia. Sarta 28 jenis di antarana cicing di pulo Papua.
Sawatara jenis Cendrawasih anu aya di Indonésia di antarana nyaéta:
10 Manuk Cendrawasih Pangéndahna di Dunya
Manuk ieu ukuranana sedeng anu miboga panjang kira-kira 32 cm, boga warna beureum-coklat jeung makuta konéng sarta tonggong luhurna konéng kacoklatan. Manuk jalu mibanda genggerong anu warnana zamrud-héjo kolot, sapasang buntut panjang sarta dipapaésan kalayan bulu hiasan jangjang anu boga warna konéng di daérah pangkal sarta warna bodas di daérah luarna. Manuk bikang ukuranana leuwih leutik ti manuk jalu, mibanda sirah anu warnana coklat kolot, harigu boga warna bodas sarta henteu dipapaésan bulu-bulu hiasan. Wewengkon panyabarana ngawengku sakumna leuweung bagian kalér Papua Nugini, sarta pulo-pulo di deukeut Misool sarta Yapen.
The Raggiana bird of paradise dipikawanoh ogé kalayan ngaran Count Raggi’s bird of paradise. Manuk ieu ogé anu pang dipikawanoh minangka manuk Cendrawasih. Habitat manuk ieu ngadistribusi sacara lega di Pulo Irian kidul sarta laut wétan. mibanda panjang 34 cm panjang, boga warna beureum-coklat kaabu-abuan, iris panon warnana konéng sarta suku boga warna coklat kaabu-abuan. Manuk jalu mibanda makuta konéng, genggerong zamrud-hijau kolot sarta kerah konéng di antara genggerong. Kelir bulu jangjang variatif ti beureum ka oranyeu gumantung subspésiés. Manuk bikang ukuranana leuwih leutik ti manuk jalu, jeung beungeutna boga warna coklat sarta henteu boga bulu-bulu hiasan.
Ieu téh salah sahiji manuk cendrawasih anu pang spéktakuler. Ngaranna Astrapia Ribbon-tailed sarta mibanda bulu buntut terpanjang dina pakait jeung ukuran awak, panjangna ngahontal leuwih ti tilu kali panjang awakna. Panjang manuk dewasa ngahontal 32 cm jeung buntut manuk jalu anu bisa saméter. Manuk jalu mibanda kelir hideung sarta héjo zaitun sedengkeun manuk bikang miboga wana coklat. Manuk jalu miboga buntut panjang ngawangun pita anu warnana bodas. Wewengkon sumebarnana aya di bagian tengah Pulo Irian.
Ngaranna ngingetkeun ngaran salah sahiji angkutan Taksi di Indonésia. Manuk ieu ukuranana kira-kira 30 cm, boga warna hideung, iris kelir coklat gelap, suku dawuk. Manuk jalu dipapaésan kalayan bulu jangjang anu dominasi kelir wungu biru. Ku kituna disebut ogé Cendrawasih Biru. Blue Bird of Paradise nyaéta manuk éndemik Papua Nugini. Wewengkon sumebarnana ngawengku pagunungan tenggara Papua Nugini.<ref Lamun anjeun kungsi nempo film Planét Earth, mangka anjeun baris nempo manuk ieu. Manuk ieu mibanda panjang kira-kira 30 cm sarta manuk jalu boga warna hideung kalayan warna-warni makuta biru kahéjo-héjoan, suku nu hideung, iris panon warnana coklat gelap sarta sungut konéng. Manuk bikang jenis ieu boga warna coklat zaitun. Mangrupa éndemik ti Australia wétan, Riflebird ogé sumebar di leuweung hujan di New South Wales sarta puseur Queensland. Manuk jalu bisa ngamekarkeun jangjangna sarta mamérkeunana saraya usik ka katuhu sarta ka kénca di hareupeun manuk bikang pikeun mikat maranéhanana. di béeé ngaran Cendrawasih Beureum, panjang kira-kira 33 cm boga warna konéng sarta coklat, sarta berparuh konéng. Manuk jalu dewasa bisa ngahontal 72 cm kaasup bulu-bulu hiasanna anu miboga warna beureum getih jeung tungtung boga warna bodas dina bagian sisi beuteungna. Bulu beungeut boga warna héjo zamrud gelap sarta buntutna aya dua buah tali anu panjang ngawangun pilin dobel boga warna hideung. Manuk bikang ukuranana leuwih leutik ti manuk jalu, jeung beungeut boga warna coklat kolot sarta henteu boga bulu-bulu hiasan. Mangrupa éndemik ti Indonésia, Cendrawasih Beureum ngan kapanggih di leuweung dataran pendék dina pulo Waigeo sarta Batanta di kabupatén Raja Ampat, propinsi Irian Jaya Kulon. Parotia lawesii ukuranana keur nepi ka kalayan 27 cm). Daérah sumebarnana ngawengku leuweung pagunungan di tenggara sarta Papua Nugini wétan. Manuk jalu mibanda kelir hideung jeung tarang bodas, warna-warni tengkuk biru wungu sarta emas bulu harigu héjo. Dipapaésan jeung tilu kawat hias sirah ti tukang saban panon sarta manjang mengapit bulu anu boga warna hideung. Manuk bikang boga warna coklat jeung sirahna nu poék, iris konéng sarta gelap.
Wilson’s Bird of Paradise ukuranana lumayan leutik nepi ka 21 cm. cendrawasih jalu nyaéta boga warna beureum sarta hideung kalayan jubah konéng di beuheung, sungut héjo ngora, suku biru sarta dua bulu buntutna miboga warna wungu anu bingkeng. Semetara éta bikangna miboga warna kacoklatan jeung makuta biru. Mangrupa éndemik Indonésia, jeung daérah sumebarna di pasir sarta leuweung hujan dataran pendék Kapuloan Waigeo sarta Batanta ti Papua Kulon.
Stephanie Astrapia ukuranana kira-kira 37 cm, manuk ieu boga warna hideung kalayan warna-warni sirah biru-hijau sarta wungu, digigireun / sabeulah éta mibanda bulu buntut panjang hideung kaungunan. Manuk bikangna miboga warna coklat poék jeung sirah hideung kabiruan. Habitat aslina aya di pagunungan di puseur sarta wétan Papua Nugini.
Sundamekar, Cisitu, Sumedang
Sundamekar nyaéta salah sahiji désa di kacamatan Cisitu, Kabupatén Sumedang, Propinsi Jawa Barat, Indonésia.
Kaulinan Bola Voli
Kaulinan bola voli nyaéta hiji wangun kaulinan anu kaasup kana cabang olahraga kaulinan. Voli (volley) hartina gebugan langsung atawa ngagebug bola langsung di udara satacan bolana murag kana taneuh. Kaulinan bola voli dipaénkeun ku dua regu nu unggal reguna aya 6 urang pamaén, unggal regu ngusahakeun sangkan bisa ngagebug jeung muragkeun bola ka jero lapang ngaliwatan luhureun jaring atawa nét jeung nyegah pihak lawan bisa ngagebug bola jeung muragkeun bola ka jero lapanganana. Bola bisa digebug ku leungeun atawa anggota awak nu liana ti wates cangkéng ka luhur maké pantulan nu sampurna, saluyu jeung peraturan nu geus ditangtukeun.
2016 SH2
Ari 2016 SH2 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Apollo, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.383, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 27.2. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO�389439.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
Babakan Asem, Conggéang, Sumedang
Babakan Asem nyaéta salah sahiji désa di kacamatan Conggéang, Kabupatén Sumedang, Propinsi Jawa Barat, Indonésia.
Rétikulum éndoplasma
Rétikulum éndoplasma (RE) nyaéta organél eukariot anu nyieun raramat interkoneksi anu diwangun ti tubulus, vesikel, sarta cisternae di jero sél. Réticulum éndoplasma garihal nyintesis protein, sedengkeun rétikulum éndoplasma lemes nyintesis lipid sarta steroid, ngatur metabolisme karbohidrat sarta steroid, sarta ngatur konsentrasi kalsium, detoksifikasi ubar, sarta adekna reseptor dina protein membran sél. Rétikulum sarkoplasma ngan boga fungsi ngatur kadar kalsium.
Membran berenda ti retikulum éndoplasma mimiti ditempo ku Keith R. Porter, Albert Claude, sarta Ernest F. Fullam dina taun1945.
Golongan getih
Golongan getih (atawa golongan darah, atawa tipe getih) maksudna dadaran ciri-ciri sél getih beureum hiji jalma dumasar jenis zat (karbohidrat jeung protéin) dina mémbran sélna. Klasifikasi golongan getih manusa pangpentingna nyaéta ABO jeung faktor Rhesus (faktor Rh). Aya ogé 46 antigén lianna, tapi lolobana mah leuwih jarang batan ABO jeung Rh. Transfusi getih ti golongan nu teu cocog bisa ngabalukarkeun réaksi transfusi imunologis mangrupa anémia hémolitik, gagal ginjal, shock, malah bisa nepi ka maot. Golongan getih ABO ogé aya di simpanseu.
Dasar
Golongan getih ditangtukeun ku antigén (épitop) dina beungeut sél geih beureum, di antarana aya nu mangrupa protéin, boh nu murni atawa nu meungkeut polisakarida. Euweuhna marka ieu bakal ngarangsang produksi antibodi pikeun ngalawan marka ieu. Mun getih nu asup golonganana salah/béda, getih nu diasupkeun bakal geuwat diruksak. Sésa-sésana ieu nu ngabalukarkeun kasakit.
Élmuwan Austria Karl Landsteiner boga jasa gedé tina papanggihanana ngeunaan sistim golongan getih (ABO) taun 1901; anjeunna dileler Hadiah Nobel widang Fisiologi jeung Kadokteran taun 1930. Sabenerna, taun 1907, ahli serologi Céko Jan Janský sacara mandiri geus mitambeyan klasifikasi getih manusa kana opat golongan, tapi n leuwih diaku mah papanggihan Landsteiner. Landsteiner ngadadarkeun A, B, jeung O; Decastrello jeung Sturli manggihan golongan kaopat, AB, taun 1907. Landsteiner jeung Alexander S. Wiener lajeng manggihan sét antigén pangpentingna kadua, sistim Rhesus, taun 1937 (publikasi taun 1940).
Sistim ABO
Overall, the O blood type is the most common blood type in the world, although in some areas, such as Sweden and Norway, the A group dominates. The A antigen is overall more common than the B antigen. Since the AB blood type requires the presence of both A and B antigens, the AB blood type is the rarest of the ABO blood types. There are known racial and geographic distributions of the ABO blood types. According to [Benes93] it can be partly attributed to the relation among blood types and particular illnesses - it seems that people with certain blood type are more resistant to certain illness. For instance people with the type O are less immune to the Black Plague - therefore it's less frequent in Europe.
The precise reason why people develop antibodies against an antigen they have never been exposed to is unknown. It is believed that some bacterial antigens are similar enough to the A and B glycoproteins, and that antibodies created against the bacteria will react to ABO-incompatible blood cells.
The H antigen
The A & B antigens are derived from a common precursor known as the H antigen. The H antigen is a glycosphingolipid (sphingolipid with carbohydrates bonded to the ceramide moiety) which is modified to produce the A and B antigens. In type O blood, it remains unchanged and consists of a chain of galactose, N-acetylglucsamine, galactose, frucose attached to the ceramide. Since it lacks N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid) it is referred to as a globoside, not a ganglioside. Type A has an extra N-acetyl galactosamine bonded to the galactose near the end, while type B has a third galactose bonded to that near-end galactose.
Inheritance
Blood groups are inherited from both parents. The ABO blood type is controlled by a single gene with three alleles: i, IA, and IB. The gene encodes a glycosyltransferase, an enzyme that modifies the carbohydrate content of the red blood cell antigens. The gene is located on the long arm of the ninth chromosome (9q34).
IA allele gives type A, IB gives type B, and i gives type O. IA and IB are dominant over i, so ii people have type O, IAIA or IAi have A, IBIB or IBi have type B. IAIB people have both phenotypes because A and B express a special dominance relationship: codominance (preceding means that type A and B parents can have AB child). Thus, it is usually impossible for a type AB parent to have a type O child (it is not, however, direct proof of illegitimacy).
Evolutionary biologists theorize that the IA allele evolved earliest, followed by O (by the deletion of a single nucleotide, shifting the reading frame) and then IB. This chronology accounts for the percentage of people worldwide with each blood type. It is consistent with the accepted patterns of early population movements and varying prevalent blood types in different parts of the world. (For instance, B is very common in populations of Asian descent, but rare in ones of European descent.) -->
Sistim Rhesus (CDE)
<!--Another characteristic of blood is Rhesus factor or Rh factor. It is named after the Rhesus monkey, in which the factor was first identified by Karl Landsteiner and Alexander S. Wiener. Someone either has or does not have the Rh factor on the surface of their red blood cells. This is indicated as + or -, and the two groups are described as Rh positive (Rh+) or Rh negative (Rh-), respectively. This is often combined with the ABO type. Type O+ blood is most common, though in some areas type A prevails, and there are other areas in which as many as 80 percent of the people are type B.
Matching the Rhesus factor is very important, as mismatching (an Rh positive donor to an Rh negative recipient) may cause the production in the recipient of an antibody to the Rh(D) antigen, which could lead to subsequent hemolysis. This is of particular importance in females of or below childbearing age, where any subsequent pregnancy may be affected by the antibody produced. For one-off transfusions, particularly in older males, the use of Rh(D) positive blood in an Rh(D) negative individual (who has no atypical red cell antibodies) may be indicated if it is necessary to conserve Rh(D) negative stocks for more appropriate use. The converse is not true: Rh+ patients do not react to Rh- blood.
Rh disease occurs when an Rh negative mother who has already had an Rh positive child (or an accidental Rh+ blood transfusion) carries another Rh positive child. After the first pregnancy, the mother develops IgG antibodies against Rh+ red blood cells, which can cross the placenta and hemolyse the red cells of the second child. This reaction doesn't always occur and is less likely to occur if the child carries either the A or B antigen and the mother does not. In the past, Rh incompatibility could result in stillbirth or death of the mother. Rh incompatibility was until recently the most common cause of long term disability in the United States. At first, this was treated by transfusing the blood of infants who survived. At present, it can be treated with certain anti-Rh(+) antisera, the most common of which is Rhogam (anti-D). It can be anticipated by determining the blood type of every child of a RhD- mother; if it is Rh+, the mother is treated with anti-D to prevent development of antibodies against Rh+ red blood cells.
ABO blood type incompatibilities between the mother and child do not cause a similar problem because antibodies to the ABO blood groups are of the IgM type, which do not cross the placenta.
Rh factor frequency
Predicted frequency of Rh factor blood types in populations, based on occurrence of genotype:
For Rh- people, there is a risk associated with travel to parts of the world where supplies of Rh- blood are rare, particularly east Asia. Correspondingly blood services in these areas may look to encourage westerners to donate blood.
Inheritance
Rh (or the D antigen) is inherited on one locus (on the short arm of the first chromosome, 1p36.2-p34) with two alleles, of which Rh+ is dominant and Rh- recessive. The gene codes for a polypeptide on the red cell membrane. Rh- individuals (dd genotype) do not produce this antigen, and may be sensitized to Rh+ blood.
Two very similar epitopes, Cc and Ee, appear to be closely related to Rh.
Frequency of Rh- alleles by population: -->
Fénotipe Bombay
<!--The rare individuals with Bombay phenotype (hh) do not express substance H on their red blood cells and therefore do not bind A or B antigens. Instead, they produce antibodies to H substance (which is present on all red cells except those of hh genotype) as well as to both A and B antigens and are therefore compatible only with other hh donors.
Individuals with Bombay phenotype blood groups can only be transfused with blood from other Bombay phenotype individuals. Given that this condition is very rare to begin with, any person with this blood group who needs an urgent blood transfusion may be simply out of luck, as it would be quite unlikely that any blood bank would have any in stock. Those anticipating the need for blood transfusion (e.g. in scheduled surgery) may bank blood for their own use (i.e. an autologous blood donation) but this option is not available in cases of accidental injury.
Patients who test as type O may have the Bombay phenotype if they have inherited two recessive alleles of the H gene, (their blood group is Oh and their genotype is "hh"), and so do not produce the "H" carbohydrate that is the precursor to the "A" and "B" antigens. It then no longer matters whether the A or B enzymes are present or not, as no A or B antigen can be produced since the precursor antigen is not present.
Despite the designation O, Oh negative is not a sub-group of any other group, not even O negative or O positive. When this blood group was first encountered, it was found not to be of either group A or B and so was thought to be of group O. But on further testing, it did not match even for O negative or O positive because of the absence of antigen 'H'. The H antigen is a precursor to the A and B antigens. For instance, the B allele must be present to produce the B enzyme that modifies the H antigen to become the B antigen. It is the same for the A allele. However, if only recessive alleles for the H antigen are inherited (hh), as in the case above, the H antigen will not be produced. Subsequently, the A and B antigens also will not be produced. The result is an O phenotype by default since a lack of A and B antigens is the O type. The blood phenotype was first discovered in Bombay, now known as Mumbai, in India. -->
Kompatibilitas
<!--In order to provide maximum benefit from each blood donation and to extend shelf-life, blood banks fractionate whole blood into several products that may have varying degrees of compatibility depending upon the recipient's blood type. The most common of these products are packed red blood cells (RBC's), plasma, platelets, and fresh frozen plasma (FFP), which is quick-frozen to retain labile clotting factors V and VII and usually administered to patients who have a potentially fatal clotting problem caused by a condition such as as advanced liver disease, overdose of anticoagulant, or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). See cryoprecipitate.
In the United States, human blood products are considered drugs. They are tightly regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and their use must be ordered by a licensed physician or surgeon.
Ideally, a patient should receive type-specific blood products to minimize the chance of a transfusion reaction. If time allows, the risk will further be reduced by crossmatching blood, in addition to typing both recipient and donor. Crossmatching involves mixing a sample of the recipient's blood with the donor blood and checking to see if the mixture agglutinates, or forms clumps. Blood bank technicians usually check for agglutination with a microscope, and if it occurs, the donor blood that was checked cannot be transfused. A blood transfusion is a risky medical procedure, and typing and crossmatching is standard except in emergencies. Because cross-matching takes about 45 minutes, but blood typing takes only 3 minutes, cross-matching is sometimes omitted in emergency cases.
Persons with blood type O negative are often called "universal donors," and those with type AB positive blood are called "universal recipients," but this is misleading and only true for transfusions of packed red cells. With respect to transfusions of plasma, this situation is reversed. O negative plasma can only be given to O negative recipients, while patients of all blood types can receive AB positive plasma because it contains no anti-A, anti-B, or anti-D antigens. Platelets have no blood type and are freely transfused. They are usually lumped together in "ten packs," which are plastic pouches containing the platelets removed by apheresis from ten pints of blood. They are administered to patients who cannot clot due to thrombocytopenia, low platelet count.
The terms "universal donor" and "universal recipient" aren't very useful, because they only consider the reaction of the patient's antibodies to received blood and not the antibodies present in that blood. Thus, although a transfusion of O- blood to an A or B-typed person is unlikely to cause an immune reaction from the recipient's antibodies, the transfused blood may itself contain antibodies to the patient's A and B antigens; this can cause an adverse reaction, although the risk is far less than that of an O- person receiving types A or B. For this reason, an exact ABO-type match is preferable where circumstances allow. Additionally, the other red blood cell surface antigens that belong to blood groups outside of the ABO convention might cause an adverse reaction.