cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
2013 ES89
Ari 2013 ES89 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Amor, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.572, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 19.1. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO 272426.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
Cingcau Hideung
Cingcau hideung (Mesona palustris) atawa cingcau perdu Premna serratifolia, di sababaraha wewengkon sok disebut Janggelan, sedengkeu di barat disebut Grass Jelly Drink. Cingcau hideung salah sahiji tutuwuhan cingcau. Cingcau hideung lain ngan aya di Indonésia wungkul tapi geus nyebar ka nagara-nagara laina saperti Filipina,Taiwan, China, jeung Korea. Ieu tutuwuhan téh geus di export ka luar negri saperti China, Korea jrrd. Cingcau hideung katelahna séong di Masarakat Sumarorong. Loba patani-patani anu melak séong.
Gambaran
Tutuwuhan ieu kaasup famili Labiate. Ciri-cirina, watangna leutik jeung ipis, dina juru watang aya deui watang-watang séjéna. Aya anu ngarambat kana taneuh aya ogé anu lempeng. daunna lonjong, juruna lancip jeung rada mintul. Bentuk kembangna mirip kembang kemangi, warnana beureum ngora atawa bodas bungur. Daun jeung watang ngahasilkeun gelatin héjo kahideungan. Ku sabab kitu disebut cingcau hideung.
Mangpaat
Ieu kadaharan téh lain ngan saukur ngeunah di dahar nalika tenggah poé pikeun ngaleungitkeun hanaang tapi satukangeun ti éta cingcau hideung miboga mangpaat pikeun kaséhatan. Ku sabab miboga kandungan serat larut cai anu aya dina cingcau hideung, jadi alus pikeun nyingkahan panyakit degenerative ku sabab kaleuwihan gizi. Sacara tradisional cingcau hideung dijadikun obat pikeun panyakit batuk, diare,  murus darah, jeung kemarauan,sedengkeun  di Korea Selatan, cingcau hideung anu diolah deui jeung rempah-rempah séjéna anu jadi kadaharan pikeun kaséhatan. Kandungan zat anu aya dina cingcau hideung bisa nurunkeun tekanan darah tinggi. Cingcau ogé bisa nyingkahan jeung jadi ubar panyakit pembuluh darah jantung (kardiovaskular), tekanan darah tinggi, penyakit lambung, sariawan, jeung panas di jero. Ku sabab miboga kandungan kandungan karbohidrat, mineral (kalsium jeungfolsfor), vitamin A, B1, C, kandungan kalori anu saeutik jeung kandungan cai anu loba. Di China jeung Taiwan cingcau hideung atawa hsian tsao dipaké jadi ubar pikeun nurunkeun tekanan darah jeung ubar diuretik. Kandungan zat anu aya dina cingcau hideung bisa nurunkeun tekanan darah tinggi.
Kandungan gizi
Cingcau hideung miboga kandungan antioksidan anu pungsina leuwih alus ti batan vitamin E. Dina konsentrasi anu sarua, nyaéta 50 mg/ml, dina ekstrak cingcau hideung yén miboga aktipitas antioksidan anu loba dibandingkeun vitamin E, nyaéta masing-masingna  98,9 persén jeung 78 persén. Daun Janggelan miboga kandungan gizi anu alus per 100 gramna, utamana lamun ditingalia tina kandungan mineral jeung vitaminna. Cingcau ogé miboga kandungan alkaloid bisbenzilsokuinolin jeung S,S-tetandrin anu bisa nyingkahan kanker ginjal, antiradang jeung nurunkeun tekanan darah tinggi.
Sekincau, Lampung Kulon
Sekincau nyaéta salah sahiji kacamatan di Kabupatén Lampung Kulon, Propinsi Lampung, Indonésia.
Banjarejo, Blora
Banjarejo nyaéta salah sahiji kacamatan di Kabupatén Blora, Propinsi Jawa Tengah, Indonésia.
Kedatuan, Bekri, Lampung Tengah
Kedatuan nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Bekri, Kabupatén Lampung Tengah, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Kedatuan, Bekri, Lampung Tengah
Dayah Tanoh, Pidie, Pidie
Dayah Tanoh nyaéta salah sahiji Gampong di kacamatan Pidie, Kabupatén Pidie, Propinsi Acéh, Indonésia.
Dayah Tanoh, Pidie, Pidie
Kuta Makmur, Jeumpa, Aceh Barat Daya
Kuta Makmur nyaéta salah sahiji Gampong di kacamatan Jeumpa, Kabupatén Aceh Barat Daya, Propinsi Acéh, Indonésia.
Komét
Komét (simbol: ) nyaéta banda leutik dina sistim suryamandala nu ngorbit kana panonpoé sarta (kadang-kadang) mintonkeun koma (atawa atmosfir) jeung/atawa buntut — duanana utamana disababkeun ku ayana pangaruh radiasi panonpoé kana inti komét, nu mana manéna sorangan mangrupa banda leutik nu diwangun ku batu, kebul, jeung és. Orbit komét robah kalayan konstan: asalna di saluareun sistim suryamandala, sarta miboga kacenderungan kacida dipangaruhannana (atawa dikacokeun) ku planét gedé nu rélatif deukeut. Sababaraha di antarana pindah kana orbit sungrazing nu ngaruksak komét nalika manéhna deukeuteun paponpoé, sedengkeun lianna mah kapiceun ka saluareun sistim suryamandala salilalana.
Kecap komét asalna tina basa Inggris nu ngaliwatan basa Latén cometes. Tina kecap basa Yunani komē mah, hartina téh "buuk na hulu," Aristotélés mimiti maké kecap turunan komētēs keur ngagambarkeun komét miangka "béntang buukan."
Pasipatan fisik
Long-period comets are believed to originate in a distant cloud known as the Oort cloud (after the astronomer Jan Hendrik Oort who hypothesised its existence). They are sometimes perturbed from their distant orbits by gravitational interactions, falling into extremely elliptical orbits that can bring them very close to the Sun. One théory says that as a comet approaches the inner solar system, solar radiation causes part of its outer layers, composed of ice and other materials, to melt and evaporate, but this has not been proven. The stréams of dust and gas this reléases form a very large, extremely tenuous atmosphere around the comet called the coma, and the force exerted on the coma by the Sun's radiation pressure and solar wind cause an enormous tail to form, which points away from the sun. The stréams of dust and gas éach form their own distinct tail, éach pointed in slightly different directions. The tail made of dust is left behind in the comet's orbit in such a manner that it often forms a curved tail. At the same time, the ion tail, made of gases, always pointing directly away from the Sun, as this gas is more strongly affected by the solar wind than dust is, following magnetic field lines rather than an orbital trajectory. While the solid body of comets (called the nucleus) is generally less than 50 km across, the coma may be larger than the Sun, and the ion tails have been observed to extend 150 million km (1 Astronomical unit) or more.
Both the coma and tail are illuminated by the Sun and may become visible from the Earth when a comet passes through the inner solar system, the dust reflecting sunlight directly, and the gases glowing from ionisation. Most comets are too faint to be visible without the aid of a telescope, but a few éach decade become bright enough to be visible with the naked eye. Before the invention of the telescope, comets seemed to appéar out of nowhere in the sky and gradually vanish out of sight. They were usually considered bad omens of déaths of kings or noble men, or coming catastrophes. From ancient sources, such as Chinese oracle bones, it is known that their appéarances have been noticed by humans for millennia. One very famous old recording of a comet is the appéarance of Halley's Comet on the Bayeux Tapestry, which records the Norman conquest of England in AD 1066.
Surprisingly, cometary nuclei are among the darkest objects known to exist in the solar system. The Giotto probe found that Comet Halley's nucleus reflects approximately 4% of the light that falls on it, and Deep Space 1 discovered that Comet Borrelly's surface reflects only 2.4% to 3% of the light that falls on it; by comparison, asphalt reflects 7% of the light that falls on it. It is thought that complex organic compounds are the dark surface material. Solar héating drives off volatile compounds léaving behind héavy long-chain organics that tend to be very dark, like tar or crude oil. The very darkness of cometary surfaces allows them to absorb the héat necessary to drive their outgassing.
In 1996, comets were found to emit X-rays. These X-rays surprised reséarchers, because their emission by comets had not previously been predicted. The X-rays are thought to be generated by the interaction between comets and the solar wind: when highly charged ions fly through a cometary atmosphere, they collide with cometary atoms and molecules. In these collisions, the ions will capture one or more electrons léading to emission of X-rays and far ultraviolet photons.
Sipat orbit
Comets are classified according to their orbital periods. Short period comets have orbits of less than 200 yéars, while Long period comets have longer orbits but remain gravitationally bound to the Sun, and main-belt comets orbit within the asteroid belt. Single-apparition comets have parabolic or hyperbolic orbits which will cause them to permanently exit the solar system after one pass by the Sun.
modérn observations have revéaled a few genuinely hyperbolic orbits, but no more than could be accounted for by perturbations from Jupiter. If comets pervaded interstellar space, they would be moving with velocities of the same order as the relative velocities of stars néar the Sun (a few tens of kilometres per second). If such objects entered the solar system, they would have positive total énérgies, and would be observed to have genuinely hyperbolic orbits. A rough calculation shows that there might be 4 hyperbolic comets per century, within Jupiter's orbit, give or take one and perhaps two orders of magnitude.
On the other extreme, the short period Comet Encke has an orbit which never places it farther from the Sun than Jupiter. Short-period comets are thought to originate in the Kuiper belt, wheréas the source of long-period comets is thought to be the Oort cloud. A variety of mechanisms have been proposed to explain why comets get perturbed into highly elliptical orbits, including close approaches to other stars as the Sun follows its orbit through the Milky Way Galaxy; the Sun's hypothetical companion star Nemesis; or an unknown Planet X.
Because of their low masses, and their elliptical orbits which frequently take them close to the giant planets, cometary orbits are often perturbed. Short period comets display a strong tendency for their aphelia to coincide with a giant planet's orbital radius, with the Jupiter family of comets being the largest, as the histogram shows. It is cléar that comets coming in from the Oort cloud often have their orbits strongly influenced by the gravity of giant planets as a result of a close encounter. Jupiter is the source of the gréatest perturbations, being more than twice as massive as all the other planets combined, in addition to being the swiftest of the giant planets.
A number of periodic comets discovered in éarlier decades or previous centuries are now "lost." Their orbits were never known well enough to predict future appéarances. However, occasionally a "new" comet will be discovered and upon calculation of its orbit it turns out to be an old "lost" comet. An example is Comet 11P/Tempel-Swift-LINEAR, discovered in 1869 but unobservable after 1908 because of perturbations by Jupiter. It was not found again until accidentally rediscovered by LINEAR in 2001.
Comet nomenclature
The names given to comets have followed several different conventions over the past two centuries. Before any systematic naming convention was adopted, comets were named in a variety of ways. Prior to the éarly 20th century, most comets were simply referred to by the yéar in which they appéared, sometimes with additional adjectives for particularly bright comets; thus, the "Great Comet of 1680" (Kirch's Comet), the "Great September Comet of 1882," and the "Daylight Comet of 1910" ("Great January Comet of 1910"). After Edmund Halley demonstrated that the comets of 1531, 1607, and 1682 were the same body and successfully predicted its return in 1759, that comet became known as Comet Halley. Similarly, the second and third known periodic comets, Comet Encke and Comet Biela, were named after the astronomers who calculated their orbits rather than their original discoverers. Later, periodic comets were usually named after their discoverers, but comets that had appéared only once continued to be referred to by the yéar of their apparition.
In the éarly 20th century, the convention of naming comets after their discoverers became common, and this remains so today. A comet is named after up to three independent discoverers. In recent yéars, many comets have been discovered by instruments operated by large téams of astronomers, and in this case, comets may be named for the instrument. For example, Comet IRAS-Araki-Alcock was discovered independently by the IRAS satellite and amateur astronomers Genichi Araki and George Alcock. In the past, when multiple comets were discovered by the same individual, group of individuals, or téam, the comets' names were distinguished by adding a numeral to the discoverers' names; thus Comets Shoemaker-Levy 1–9. Today, the large numbers of comets discovered by some instruments (in August 2005, SOHO discovered its 1000th comet ) has rendered this system impractical, and no attempt is made to ensure that éach comet has a unique name. Instéad, the comets' systematic designations are used to avoid confusion.
Until 1994, comets were first given a provisional designation consisting of the yéar of their discovery followed by a lowercase letter indicating its order of discovery in that yéar (for example, Comet Bennett 1969i was the 9th comet discovered in 1969). Once the comet had been observed through perihelion and its orbit had been established, the comet was given a permanent designation of the yéar of its perihelion, followed by a Roman numeral indicating its order of perihelion passage in that yéar, so that Comet Bennett 1969i became Comet Bennett 1970 II (it was the second comet to pass perihelion in 1970)
Early observations and thought
Historically, comets were thought to be unlucky, or even interpreted as attacks by héavenly beings against terrestrial inhabitants. Some authorities interpret references to "falling stars" in Gilgamesh, Revelation and the Book of Enoch as references to comets, or possibly bolides.
A few later classical philosophers did dispute this view of comets. Seneca the Younger, in his Natural Questions, observed that comets moved regularly through the sky and were undisturbed by the wind, behavior more typical of celestial than atmospheric phenomena. While he conceded that the other planets do not appéar outside the Zodiac, he saw no réason that a planet-like object could not move through any part of the sky, humanity's knowledge of celestial things being very limited. However, the Aristoteléan viewpoint proved more influential, and it was not until the 16th century that it was demonstrated that comets must exist outside the éarth's atmosphere.
In 1577, a bright comet was visible for several months. The Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe used méasurements of the comet's position taken by himself and other, géographically separated, observers to determine that the comet had no méasuréable parallax. Within the precision of the méasurements, this implied the comet must be at léast four times more distant from the éarth than the moon.
Orbital studies
Although comets had now been demonstrated to be in the héavens, the question of how they moved through the héavens would be debated for most of the next century. Even after Johannes Kepler had determined in 1609 that the planets moved about the sun in elliptical orbits, he was reluctant to believe that the laws that governed the motions of the planets should also influence the motion of other bodies—he believed that comets travel among the planets along straight lines. Galileo Galilei, although a staunch Copernicanist, rejected Tycho's parallax méasurements and held to the Aristoteléan notion of comets moving on straight lines through the upper atmosphere.
The first suggestion that Kepler's laws of planetary motion should also apply to the comets was made by William Lower in 1610. In the following decades, other astronomers, including Pierre Petit, Giovanni Borelli, Adrien Auzout, Robert Hooke, Johann Baptist Cysat, and Giovanni Domenico Cassini, all argued for comets curving about the sun on elliptical or parabolic paths, while others, such as Christian Huygens and Johannes Hevelius, supported comets' linéar motion.
The matter was resolved by the bright comet that was discovered by Gottfried Kirch on November 14, 1680. Astronomers throughout Europe tracked its position for several months. In 1681, the Saxon pastor Georg Samuel Doerfel set forth his proofs that comets are héavenly bodies moving in parabolas of which the sun is the focus. Then Isaac Newton, in his Principia Mathematica of 1687, proved that an object moving under the influence of his inverse square law of universal gravitation must trace out an orbit shaped like one of the conic sections, and he demonstrated how to fit a comet's path through the sky to a parabolic orbit, using the comet of 1680 as an example.
In 1705, Edmond Halley applied Newton's method to twenty-four cometary apparitions that had occurred between 1337 and 1698. He noted that three of these, the comets of 1531, 1607, and 1682, had very similar orbital elements, and he was further able to account for the slight differences in their orbits in terms of gravitational perturbation by Jupiter and Saturn. Confident that these three apparitions had been three appéarances of the same comet, he predicted that it would appéar again in 1758-9. (éarlier, Robert Hooke had identified the comet of 1664 with that of 1618, while Jéan-Dominique Cassini had suspected the identity of the comets of 1577, 1665, and 1680. Both were incorrect.) Halley's predicted return date was later refined by a téam of three French mathematicians: Alexis Clairaut, Joseph Lalande, and Nicole-Reine Lepaute, who predicted the date of the comet's 1759 perihelion to within one month's accuracy. When the comet returned as predicted, it became known as Comet Halley or Halley's Comet (its official designation is 1P/Halley). Its next appéarance is due in 2061.
Among the comets with short enough periods to have been observed several times in the historical record, Comet Halley is unique in consistently being bright enough to be visible to the naked eye. Since the confirmation of Comet Halley's periodicity, many other periodic comets have been discovered through the telescope. The second comet to be discovered to have a periodic orbit was Comet Encke (official designation 2P/Encke). Over the period 1819-1821 the German mathematician and physicist Johann Franz Encke computed orbits for a series of cometary apparitions observed in 1786, 1795, 1805, and 1818, concluded they were same comet, and successfully predicted its return in 1822. By 1900, seventeen comets had been observed at more than one perihelion passage and recognized as periodic comets. As of April 2006, 175 comets have achieved this distinction, though several have since been destroyed or lost. In ephemerides, comets are often denoted by the symbol.
Studies of physical characteristics
Isaac Newton described comets as compact, solid, fixed, and durable bodies: in other words, a kind of planet, which move in very oblique orbits, every way, with the gréatest freedom, persevering in their motions even against the course and direction of the planets; and their tail as a very thin, slender vapour, emitted by the héad, or nucleus of the comet, ignited or héated by the sun. Comets also seemed to Newton absolutely requisite for the conservation of the water and moisture of the planets; from their condensed vapours and exhalations all that moisture which is spent on vegetations and putrefactions, and turned into dry éarth, might be resupplied and recruited; for all vegetables were thought to incréase wholly from fluids, and turn by putrefaction into éarth. Hence the quantity of dry éarth must continually incréase, and the moisture of the globe decréase, and at last be quite evaporated, if it have not a continual supply. Newton suspected that the spirit which makes the finest, subtilest, and best part of our air, and which is absolutely requisite for the life and being of all things, came principally from the comets.
Another use which he conjectured comets might be designed to serve, is that of recruiting the sun with fresh fuel, and repairing the consumption of his light by the stréams continually sent forth in every direction from that luminary —
As éarly as the 18th century, some scientists had made correct hypotheses as to comets' physical composition. In 1755, Immanuel Kant hypothesized that comets are composed of some volatile substance, whose vaporization gives rise to their brilliant displays néar perihelion. In 1836, the German mathematician Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel, after observing stréams of vapor in the 1835 apparition of Comet Halley, proposed that the jet forces of evaporating material could be gréat enough to significantly alter a comet's orbit and argued that the non-gravitational movements of Comet Encke resulted from this mechanism.
However, another comet-related discovery overshadowed these idéas for néarly a century. Over the period 1864–1866 the Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli computed the orbit of the Perseid meteors, and based on orbital similarities, correctly hypothesized that the Perseids were fragments of Comet Swift-Tuttle. The link between comets and metéor showers was dramatically underscored when in 1872, a major metéor shower occurred from the orbit of Comet Biela, which had been observed to split into two pieces during its 1846 apparition, and never seen again after 1852. A "gravel bank" modél of comet structure arose, according to which comets consist of loose piles of small rocky objects, coated with an icy layer.
The Stardust spacecraft, launched in February 1999, collected particles from the coma of Comet Wild 2 in January 2004, and returned the samples to éarth in a capsule in January 2006. Claudia Alexander, a program scientist for Rosetta from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory who has modéled comets for yéars, reported to space.com about her astonishment at the number of jets, their appéarance on the dark side of the comet as well as on the light side, their ability to lift large chunks of rock from the surface of the comet and the fact that comet Wild 2 is not a loosely-cemented rubble pile.
Forthcoming space missions will add gréater detail to our understanding of what comets are made of. In July 2005, the Deep Impact probe blasted a crater on Comet Tempel 1 to study its interior. And in 2014, the Européan Rosetta probe will orbit comet Comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko and place a small lander on its surface.
Rosetta observed the Deep Impact event, and with its set of very sensitive instruments for cometary investigations, it used its capabilities to observe Tempel 1 before, during and after the impact. At a distance of about 80 million kilometres from the comet, Rosetta was the only spacecraft other then Deep Impact itself to view the comet.
Debat ngeunaan kandungan komét
As late as 2002, there is conflict on how much ice is in a comet. NASA's Deep Space 1 téam, working at NASA's Jet Propulsion Lab, obtained high-resolution images of the surface of comet Borrelly. They announced that comet Borrelly exhibits distinct jets, yet has a hot, dry surface. The assumption that comets contain water and other ices led Dr. Laurence Soderblom of the U.S. Géological Survey to say, "The spectrum suggests that the surface is hot and dry. It is surprising that we saw no traces of water ice." However, he goes on to suggest that the ice is probably hidden below the crust as "either the surface has been dried out by solar heating and maturation or perhaps the very dark soot-like material that covers Borrelly's surface masks any trace of surface ice".
The recent Deep Impact probe has also yielded results suggesting that the majority of a comet's water ice is below the surface, and that these resevoirs feed the jets of vaporised water that form the coma of Tempel 1.
Komét gedé
While hundreds of tiny comets pass through the inner solar system every yéar, only a very few comets are noticed by the general public. About every decade or so, a comet will become bright enough to be noticed by a casual observer — such comets are often designated Great Comets. In times past, bright comets often inspired panic and hysteria in the general population, being thought of as bad omens. More recently, during the passage of Halley's Comet in 1910, the éarth passed through the comet's tail, and erronéous newspaper reports inspired a féar that cyanogen in the tail might poison millions, while the appéarance of Comet Hale-Bopp in 1997 triggered the mass suicide of the Heaven's Gate cult. To most péople, however, a gréat comet is simply a béautiful spectacle. See images of Hale-Bopp at the Comet Hale-Bopp Images webpage.
Predicting whether a comet will become a gréat comet is notoriously difficult, as many factors may cause a comet's brightness to depart drastically from predictions. Broadly spéaking, if a comet has a large and active nucleus, will pass close to the Sun, and is not obscured by the Sun as seen from the éarth when at its brightest, it will have a chance of becoming a gréat comet. However, Comet Kohoutek in 1973 fulfilled all the criteria and was expected to become spectacular, but failed to do so. Comet West, which appéared three yéars later, had much lower expectations (perhaps because scientists were much warier of glowing predictions after the Kohoutek fiasco), but became an extremely impressive comet.
The late 20th century saw a lengthy gap without the appéarance of any gréat comets, followed by the arrival of two in quick succession — Comet Hyakutake in 1996, followed by Hale-Bopp, which réached maximum brightness in 1997 having been discovered two yéars éarlier. As yet, the 21st century has not seen the arrival of any gréat comets.
Komét nu teu ilahar
Of the thousands of known comets, some are very unusual. Comet Encke orbits from inside the orbit of Jupiter to inside the orbit of Mercury while Comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann orbits in a néarly circular orbit entirely between Jupiter and Saturn. 2060 Chiron, whose unstable orbit keeps it between Saturn and Uranus, was originally classified as an asteroid until a faint coma was noticed. Similarly, Comet Shoemaker-Levy 2 was originally designated asteroid 1990 UL3. Some near-earth asteroids are thought to be extinct nuclei of comets which no longer experience outgassing.
Some comets have been observed to bréak up. Comet Biela was one significant example, bréaking into two during its 1846 perihelion passage. The two comets were seen separately in 1852, but never again after that. Instéad, spectacular metéor showers were seen in 1872 and 1885 when the comet should have been visible. A lesser metéor shower, the Andromedids, occurs annually in November, and is caused by the éarth crossing Biela's orbit.
Several other comets have been seen to bréak up during their perihelion passage, including gréat comets West and Comet Ikeya-Seki. Some comets, such as the Kreutz Sungrazers, orbit in groups and are thought to be pieces of a single object that has previously broken apart.
Another very significant cometary disruption was that of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9, which was discovered in 1993. At the time of its discovery, the comet was in orbit around Jupiter, having been captured by the planet during a very close approach in 1992. This close approach had alréady broken the comet into hundreds of pieces, and over a period of 6 days in July 1994, these pieces slammed into Jupiter's atmosphere — the first time astronomers had observed a collision between two objects in the solar system. However, it has been suggested that the likely object responsible for the Tunguska event in 1908 was a fragment of Comet Encke. Less likely is the attribution to an Encke fragment of having caused the formation of the Giordano Bruno (crater) on the Moon in 1178.
Komét nu kiwari bisa ditempo
Komét SWAN, nu ditandaan ogé minangka C/2006M4, kapanggih ku SWAN/SOHO tanggal 20 Juni 2006, as of October 6 katempo maké toropong di langit wanci janari leutik dina konstélasi Canes Venatici. Périhéliumna mah 28 Séptémber.
Komét ieu meta kacida gancangna ka Aquila tur jadi targé nu gampang pikeun ditoropong di langit wanci munggaran peuting salila bulan Oktober. Kiwari mah geus pudar alatan nambahna jarak ti Bumi ka Srangéngé.
Tamaran, Hinai, Langkat
Tamaran nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Hinai, Kabupatén Langkat, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
2016 FQ13
Ari 2016 FQ13 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Apollo, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.724, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 23.3. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO�374665.
Gulak Galik, Telukbetung Kalér, Bandar Lampung
Gulak Galik nyaéta salah sahiji Kalurahan di kacamatan Telukbetung Kalér, Kota Bandar Lampung, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
2016 FQ13
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
Basa Dani Bokondini
Basa Dani Bokondini nyaéta basa wewengkon anu aya di Indonésia. Panyaturna aya di 1 propinsi nyaéta propinsi Papua, nu dumuk di 1 kabupaten/kota.
Sipagabu, Nassau, Toba Samosir
Sipagabu nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Nassau, Kabupatén Toba Samosir, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Sukatenang, Sukawangi, Bekasi
Sukatenang nyaéta salah sahiji désa di kacamatan Sukawangi, Kabupatén Bekasi, Propinsi Jawa Barat, Indonésia.
2010 GJ65
Ari 2010 GJ65 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Apollo, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.374, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 21.1. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO�332463.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
Kuku
Kuku nyaéta salah sahiji anggota awak manusa anu katingali ti luar. Kuku aya dua nyaéta kuku leungeun jeung kuku suku. Pungsi kuku salain ngawangun ramo pikeun nyekel atawa nutupan ramo anu lembut jeung pinuh ku pembuluh. Salain ti éta kuku jadi gambaran kaséhatan jeung kacantikan hiji jalma. Ngaliwatan kuku bisa jadi perantara pikeun ngadéagnosis hiji panyakit. Salah sahiji awak urang kakurangan kalsium nyaéta ayana bintik-bintik bodas dina kuku. Maké cat kuku anu ngandung kalsium bisa ngabantuan Andamegatasina. Tapi bari dibarengan jeung ngadahar anu ngandung kalsium.
2012 XS93
Ari 2012 XS93 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Apollo, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.735, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 19.8. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO�357189.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
866
Taun ka-866 Maséhi dina Kalénder Grégorian.
Cot Geunduk, Pidie, Pidie
Cot Geunduk nyaéta salah sahiji Gampong di kacamatan Pidie, Kabupatén Pidie, Propinsi Acéh, Indonésia.
Goras Jaya, Bekri, Lampung Tengah
Goras Jaya nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Bekri, Kabupatén Lampung Tengah, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Goras Jaya, Bekri, Lampung Tengah
Jeumpa Barat, Jeumpa, Aceh Barat Daya
Jeumpa Barat nyaéta salah sahiji Gampong di kacamatan Jeumpa, Kabupatén Aceh Barat Daya, Propinsi Acéh, Indonésia.
Konotasi
Konotasi téh nyaéta rupa - rupa harti atawa rasa tambahan, pakait harti atawa pakait rasa, anu dikandung ku hiji kecap. Upamana kecap gamuleng, harti lain geulis wungkul tapi dibarengan ku rasa pikaresepeun. Konotatip,atawa konotatif, hartina ngandung konotasi. Ngolah konotasi pohara pentingna dina karya sastra, utama puisi.
Tanjung Mulya, Hinai, Langkat
Tanjung Mulya nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Hinai, Kabupatén Langkat, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Jayadrata
Jayadrata (Sansekerta: जयद्रथ; Jayadratha) nyaéta salah sahiji inohong dina wiracarita Mahabarata. Manéhna nyaéta hiji raja ti Karajaan Sindhu anu nikah ka Dursala, adi awéwé kurawa. Jayadrata mangrupa inohong penting dina paéhna Abimanyu. Manéhna ngahalangan para ksaatria Pandawa nalika nyalametkeun Abimanyu. Sabab paéhna Abimanyu, Arjuna usaha dék maéhan Jayadrata. Nepi ka dina Bharatayuda poé ka opat belas, Jayadrata gugur ku Arjuna.
Suoh, Lampung Kulon
Suoh nyaéta salah sahiji kacamatan di Kabupatén Lampung Kulon, Propinsi Lampung, Indonésia.
SMAN 1 Cikatomas
SMAN 1 Cikatomas nyaéta Sakola Menengah Atas Negeri anu aya di Kabupatén Tasikmalaya. Alamat lengkepna di Jl. Raya Cikatomas No.109, Kalurahan/Désa Pakemitan Kacamatan Cikatomas, Kabupatén Tasikmalaya, Jawa Kulon kalawan nomor NPSN 20210766.
Keumuneng Limong, Darul Aman, Aceh Timur
Keumuneng Limong nyaéta salah sahiji Gampong di kacamatan Darul Aman, Kabupatén Aceh Timur, Propinsi Acéh, Indonésia.
Napajoring, Nassau, Toba Samosir
Napajoring nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Nassau, Kabupatén Toba Samosir, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Sumur Batu, Telukbetung Kalér, Bandar Lampung
Sumur Batu nyaéta salah sahiji Kalurahan di kacamatan Telukbetung Kalér, Kota Bandar Lampung, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Biarawan
Biarawan nyaéta saurang lalaki anu ngalakukeun askétismeu, mokuskeun pikiran jeung ragana pikeun ageman. Konsep ieu geus lila ayana jeung bisa kapanggih di mangpirang-pirang agama kayaning Karésten, Buddha, jsb. Istilah anu ékivalén pikeun awéwé nyaéta biarawati.
Biarawan dina ageman Katolik nyaéta lalaki anu jadi anggota hiji ordo atawa tarékah rélijius kayaning Yésuit, Dominikan, Fransiskan, Bénédiktin jeung sajabana. Di Indonésia para biarawan sakapeung dilandian bruder (Basa Walanda: broeder, baraya lalaki). Para biarawan tungkul kana palanggeran (statuta) tarékah maranéhannana. Maranéhna gawé di hiji wewengkon kauskupan atawa di wewengkon kauskupan séjén (luar daérah atawa luar nagara). Para biarawan katolik ngalayanan minangka pastor/imam (SJ, MSF, SVD, SCJ, MSC, jsb) jeung minangka bruder atawa frater (CMM, BTD, MTB, jsb)
Kecap "biarawan" dumasar kana kecap biara kalawan ahiran -wan.
2010 HF
Ari 2010 HF mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Amor, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.380, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 26.2. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO 176883.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
(388185) 2006 CX10
Ari 2006 CX10 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Amor, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.513, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 17.7. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO 297760.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
Protéin
Protéin mangrupa sanyawa organik kompléks nu beurat molekulna gedé nu diwangun ku asam amino nu disambungkeun ku beungkeut péptida. Protéin ésénsil pikeun struktur jeung pungsi sadaya sél hirup ogé virus. Loba protéin nu mangrupa énzim atawa subunit énzim. Protéin séjén maénkeun pungsi struktural atawa mékanis, kayaning nu ngabentuk urat jeung sandi "sitoskeleton". Protéin ogé mangrupa sumber asupan pikeun organisme nu teu ngahasilkeun énergina sorangan tina cahya panonpoé.
Protéin béda jeung karbohidrat utamana tina kandunganana nu loba nitrogén sarta saeutik walirang di sagigireun karbon, oksigén, jeung hidrogén. Protéin mangrupa unsur utama mahluk hirup sarta mangrupa salah sahiji golongan molekul utama nu diulik dina biokimia; munggaran kapanggih ku Jons Jacob Berzelius taun 1838.
Struktur
Protéin mangrupa ranté asam amino nu nilep jadi struktur 3-diménsi nu has. Bentuk nu ngawujud tina tilepan alami protéin disebutna bentuk asal, nu ditangtukeun ku urutan asam aminona. Biokimiawan ngabédakeun struktur protéin jadi opat:
Sukamekar, Sukawangi, Bekasi
Sukamekar nyaéta salah sahiji désa di kacamatan Sukawangi, Kabupatén Bekasi, Propinsi Jawa Barat, Indonésia.
Protéin
Struktur
Tambahan pikeun hambalan-hambalan struktur ieu, protéin bisa géséh antaran sababaraha struktur nu sarupa dina ngajalankeun pungsi biologisna. Dina kontéks susunan ulang ieu, struktur térsiér atawa kuarternérna biasa disebut minangka "konformasi", sedengkeun transisi di antarana disebut parobahan konformasi.
Prosés nalika struktur nu leuwih luhur ngawujud disebutna tilepan protéin (protein folding) nu mangrupa kosékuénsi tina struktur primér. Najan polipéptida bisa mibanda leuwih ti hiji konformasi nilep nu stabil, unggal konformasi mibanda aktivitas biologis masing-masing, sarta ngan hiji konformasi nu dianggap konformasi aktif atawa asal.
Dua tungtung ranté asam amino disebutna terminal karboksi (terminal-C) jeung terminal amino (terminal-N) dumasar ayana gugus bébas na tungtungna.
Bang Data Protéin (The Protein Data Bank, PDB)
Struktur protéin bisa ditangtukeun ku kristalografi sinar-X, résonansi magnetik inti (nucléar magnetic resonance, NMR), jeung difraksi neutron. Struktur protéin nu diungkab ku métode ieu biasana disimpen di Bank Data Protéin nu bisa diaksés kalawan bébas di http://www.rcsb.org. Nepi ka Juni 2004, ampir 25,000 struktur protéin geus disimpen di dinya. Ieu pangkalan data ogé nyimpen struktur asam nukléat kayaning DNA jeung RNA, sarta saeutik data karbohidrat.
Fungsi
Protéin milu sacara praktis na unggal fungsi nu dipigawé ku sél, kaasup pangaturan fungsi sélular kayaning transduksi sinyal jeung métabolisme. Pikeun conto, katabolisme protéin merlukeun ukur sababaraha énzim nu diistilahan protéase.
Mékanisme pangaturan protéin
Rupa-rupa molekul jeung ion bisa meungkeut sisi spésifik dina protéin. Sisi ieu disebutna sisi pameungkeut nu némbongkeun spésifisitas kimiawi. Partikel nu kabeungkeut disebutna ligan. Kakuatan beungkeutan protéin-ligan mangrupa sipat sisi pameungkeut nu dikenal minangka afinitas.
ku sabab protéin milu sacara praktis na unggal fungsi nu dipigawé ku sél, mékanisme pikeun ngatur fungsi ieu gumantung ka kumaha ngatur aktivitas protéin. Pangaturan bisa mangrupa ngatur bentuk atawa kadar protéinna. Sababaraha bentuk pangaturan di antarana:
Kabinékaan
Protéin umumna mangrupa molekul badag, aya nu beurat molekularna nepi ka 3,000,000 (protéin otot titin mibanda subunit ranté tunggal 27000 asam amino). Ranté panjang asam amino kitu nu disebut sacara umum minangka protéin, nu pondok mah biasa disebut "polipéptida," "péptida", atawa "oligopéptida" (jarang kasebut). Watesan pangbédana teu tangtu, najan polipéptida leutik kamungkinanana pikeun mibanda struktur tersiér sarta loba nu lumaku sarupaning hormon (saperti insulin) batan minangka énzim atawa unsur struktural.
Sacara umum protéin digolongkeun kana serat (filaméntos) leyur atawa nu patali-mémbran (tempo protéin membran integral). Ampir sakabéh katalis biologis nu dipikawanoh minangka énzim mangrupa protéin (sababaraha untuyan RNA dina ahir abad ka-20 geus ditunjukkeun mibanda sipat katalitik ogé). Panukeur (exchanger) sarta kanal ion patali-membran nu mindahkeun substratna ti hiji tempat ka nu séjénna tapi teu dirobah; reséptor, nu teu ngarobah substratna tapi ukur ngagiserkeun bentuk nalika meungkeut; sarta antibodi, nu katémbong taya gawé lian ti meungkeut, sakabéhna mangrupa protéin ogé. Bahan serat nu nyusun sitoskeleton sél sarta lolobana struktur sato ogé mangrupa protéin: mikrotubul, aktin, filamén panengah, kolagén, sarta keratin mangrupa bagéan ti kulit, rambut, jeung cartilage. GOlongan séjén protéin motor kayaning myosin, kinesin, jeung dynein. Otot sabagéan badagna diwangun ku protéin myosin jeung actin.
2006 XY
Ari 2006 XY mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Apollo, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.338, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 24.0. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO�114816.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
Protéin
Migawé protéin
Protéin mah pilihan dina nangtukeun ayana di mana téh, ukur bisa kapanggih dina kaayaan aktif atawa bentuk asal dina rentang pH nu heureut sarta dina kaayaan leyuran nu kadar éléktrolitna saeutik, ogé moal kapanggih dina cai sulingan. Protéin nu leungiteun bentuk asalna disebut denatured. Protéin kitu umumna teu mibanda struktur sekundér iwal koil acak. Protéin na bentuk asalna mindeng ogé disebut minangka nilep, folded.
salah sahiji papanggihan abad ka-20 nu luar biasa nyaéta yén bentuk asal jeung denatured protéin bisa dibulak-balikkeun ku cara ngatur kalawan ati-ati kaayaan leyuran (misal ku dialisis bahan kimiawi nu ngakibatkeun denaturasi), protéin nu denatured bisa balik deui jadi bentuk asalna. Bahasan ngeunaan kumaha protéin bisa aya dina bentuk asalna mangrupa salah sahiji lapang penting dina ulikan biokimia, disebutna ulikan tilepan protéin.
Ngaliwatan rékayasa genetik, para panalungtik bisa ngarobah urutan (ku kituna strukturna ogé), "targeting", karentanan kana pangaturan, sarta sipat-sipat protéin séjénna. Urutan génétik protéin nu béda bisa digabungkeun pikeun nyieun protéin "chimeric" nu mibanda sipat gabungan. Cara "matri" kieu ngawakilan salah sahiji alat pangpentingna pikeun ahli biologi sél jeung molekular pikeun ngarobah jeung nalungtik kamaha gawéna sél. Lapang séjén panalungtikan protéin nyaéta ngusahakeun ngaréka protéin nu mibanda sipat atawa fungsi nu samasakali anyar, hiji widang nu katelah rékayasa protéin (protein engineering).
Protéin jeung gizi
Pikeun karnivora, protéin mangrupa bagian panglobana dina kadaharanana. Métabolisme protéin dina jero awak ngaleupaskeun amonia, zat nu toxik pisan. Salajengna dina ati ieu amonia dirobah jadi uréa, bahan kimiawi nu leuwih teu toxik, nu dikaluarkeun dina cikiih. Sababaraha sato malah ngarobah amonia jadi asam urat.
Gizi protéin pikeun manusa
Dina jihat pangabutuh nutrisi manusa, protéin kabagi dina dua wujud: protéin lengkep nu ngandung sakabéh dalapan asam amino nu manusa teu bisa nyieunna, sedengkeun protéin teu lengkep kakurangan atawa ngan ngandung salah sahiji/sawaréhna. Awak manusa bisa ngamangpaatkeun sakabéh asam amino nu diékstraks tina dahareun pikeun sintésis protéin anyar, tapi nu teu ésénsil teu kudu diasupan tina dahareun, sabab sél urang bisa nyieun sorangan. Dahareun turunan-sato ngandung sadaya asam amino, sedengkeun tatangkalan biasana ngandung sababaraha asam amino nu leuwih loba.
Lemahabang Kulon, Lemahabang, Cirebon
Lemahabang Kulon nyaéta salah sahiji désa di kacamatan Lemahabang, Kabupatén Cirebon, Propinsi Jawa Barat, Indonésia.
Alue Seulaseh, Jeumpa, Aceh Barat Daya
Alue Seulaseh nyaéta salah sahiji Gampong di kacamatan Jeumpa, Kabupatén Aceh Barat Daya, Propinsi Acéh, Indonésia.
Kamarang
Kamarang (basa Inggris: Potter wasps, mason wasps), atawa eumeninae nyaéta gorombolan nyiruan kosmopolitan nu kiwari digolongkeun minangka subfamili Vespidae, ngan baheula mah sakapeung dipikawanoh minangka kulawarga nu misah, eumenidae.
Biologi
Ari sayang kamarang mah rupa-rupa. Spésiés nu béda mumkin ngagunakeun sistem nu nyangkaruk (kayaning torowongan bangbung dina kai, sayang bolékér Hymenoptera nu ditinggalkeun malah mah liang jieunan manusa jiga liang urut paku atawa liang urut sekrup) nu diropéa ku ieu kamarang, atawa ogé ngabangun sayang anyar. Kamarang aya nu sayangna di jero taneuh, aya ogé nu sayangna kabuka. Dina sayang téh meureun mibanda hiji atawa sawatara sél indung. Bahan pisayangeun nu panglobana dipaké téh nyaéta leutak nu dijieun tina campuran taneuh jeung cai nu diutahkeun tina sungutna, ngan loba spésiés mah ngagunakeun bahan tina gayeman pepelakan.
Sakum spésiés kamarang nu dipikawanoh mangrupa prédator, lolobana kamarang téh panyalur massal, sanajan sawatara spésiés nu kaisolasi mah mah némbongkeun kaayaan primitif lalampahanna jeung taki-taki progresif. Nalika sél anggeus, kamarang kolot biasana kumpal-kempil larva bangbung, lancah atawa hileud sarta maéhanna, nempatkeun nu geus dikumpulkeun téh di jero sél, minangkana mah jadi hakaneun pikeun hiji larva kamarang tunggal. MInangka aturan normal, kamarang kolot neundeung endog tunggal di sél nu kosong saméméh nyayagakeunna. Sawatara spésiés neundeun endog di pabeungeutan sél, kakocoran tina benang cairan garing. Nalika larva kamarang megar, bakal turun jeung mimiti diparan ku kahakanan nu geus disayagakeun salila sawatara minggu saméméh ngalampahan pupasi. Siklus hirup nu lengkep bisa lumangsung ti sawatawa minggu nepi ka leuwih ti sataun, ti endog kénéh nepi ka jadi kamarang kolot. Kamarang kolot ngadahar sari kembang.
Taksonomi
Kamarang mangrupa subfamili vespida nu pangbeungharna, kalawan leuwih ti 200 marga, jeung ngandung sabagéan badag spésiés dina kulawarga (leuwih ti 3200 spésiés ti total kurang leuwih 4.500 di sakumna kulawarga). Kamonésan morfologi nu luar biasa ti spésiés kamarang kaeunteung dina kumembangna genera nu dikotrétkeun pikeun ngagorombolkeunna jadi golongan nu leuwih gampang dikokolakeunna.
Aninditha Rahma Cahyadi
Aninditha Rahma Cahyadi atanapi anu biasa dikenal ku Anin (ogé katelah Anin JKT48) (salami anggota JKT48) mangrupi salah sahiji grup idola JKT48 Generasi ka-3 asalna tina Palembang, Sumatra Kidul, Indonesia. Anin parantos janten anggota 3 Tim sakaligus, nyaéta Tim KIII, Tim J & Tim T saprak 31 Maret 2020. Dina waktos ieu, Anin ogé salah sahiji anggota nari kelas sub-unit JKT48 Dance Project.
Muka Paya, Hinai, Langkat
Muka Paya nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Hinai, Kabupatén Langkat, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
(52750) 1998 KK17
Ari (52750) 1998 KK17 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Apollo, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.525, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 16.5. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO�406369.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
2014 XL7
Ari 2014 XL7 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Apollo, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.533, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 21.0. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO�397858.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
Tumpok Laweung, Pidie, Pidie
Tumpok Laweung nyaéta salah sahiji Gampong di kacamatan Pidie, Kabupatén Pidie, Propinsi Acéh, Indonésia.
Tumpok Laweung, Pidie, Pidie
Arkaismeu
Arkaismeu, atawa arkaisme, nyaéta kecap-kecap kuna atawa wanda kuna dina wacana sastra buhun; atawa niru-niru, ngagunakeun kecap-kecap kuna, gaya ungkara kuna, jsté. Cara kitu mangrupa usaha pangarang, upamana lantaran hayang nandeskeun latar (waktu) jaman baheula. Contona, wanda novel perang bubat karya Yoséph Iskandar.