cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
(374188) 2005 AD3
Ari 2005 AD3 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Amor, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.504, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 17.2. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO 377336.
Alue Drien, Birem Bayeun, Aceh Timur
Alue Drien nyaéta salah sahiji Gampong di kacamatan Birem Bayeun, Kabupatén Aceh Timur, Propinsi Acéh, Indonésia.
Anak Tuha, Lampung Tengah
Anak Tuha nyaéta salah sahiji kacamatan di Kabupatén Lampung Tengah, Propinsi Lampung, Indonésia.
2005 JZ93
Ari 2005 JZ93 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Amor, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.241, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 24.7. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO77894.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
2010 EC135
Ari 2010 EC135 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Amor, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.485, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 20.1. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO 289590.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
784
Taun ka-784 Maséhi dina Kalénder Grégorian.
Setiajaya, Cibeureum, Tasikmalaya
Setiajaya nyaéta salah sahiji kalurahan di kacamatan Cibeureum, Kota Tasikmalaya, Propinsi Jawa Barat, Indonésia.
Kampung Lama, Besitang, Langkat
Kampung Lama nyaéta salah sahiji Kalurahan di kacamatan Besitang, Kabupatén Langkat, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Negara Bumi Udik, Anak Tuha, Lampung Tengah
Negara Bumi Udik nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Anak Tuha, Kabupatén Lampung Tengah, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
SMAS IT At-Taisiriyah
SMAS IT At-Taisiriyah nyaéta Sakola Menengah Atas Swasta anu aya di Kabupatén Sukabumi. Alamat lengkepna di Kp. Nenggeng Rt 02 Rw 09, Kalurahan/Désa Cijengkol Kacamatan Caringin, Kabupatén Sukabumi, Jawa Kulon kalawan nomer NPSN 20271152.
Marpunge Gabungan, Puteri Betung, Gayo Lues
Marpunge Gabungan nyaéta salah sahiji Gampong di kacamatan Puteri Betung, Kabupatén Gayo Lues, Propinsi Acéh, Indonésia.
Marpunge Gabungan, Puteri Betung, Gayo Lues
Mompang Jae, Panyabungan Utara, Mandailing Natal
Mompang Jae nyaéta salah sahiji Kalurahan di kacamatan Panyabungan Utara, Kabupatén Mandailing Natal, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Purwoasri, Metro Kalér, Metro
Purwoasri nyaéta salah sahiji Kalurahan di kacamatan Metro Kalér, Kota Metro, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Basa Kaera
Basa Kaera nyaéta basa wewengkon anu aya di Indonésia. Panyaturna aya di 1 propinsi nyaéta propinsi Nusa Tenggara Wétan, nu dumuk di 1 kabupaten/kota.
2016 QZ10
Ari 2016 QZ10 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Amor, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.405, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 23.1. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO 389249.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
2010 FD7
Ari 2010 FD7 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Apollo, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.686, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 22.1. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO�192611.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
Karangasem, Plumbon, Cirebon
Karangasem nyaéta salah sahiji désa di kacamatan Plumbon, Kabupatén Cirebon, Propinsi Jawa Barat, Indonésia.
Cumbok Niwa, Sakti, Pidie
Cumbok Niwa nyaéta salah sahiji Gampong di kacamatan Sakti, Kabupatén Pidie, Propinsi Acéh, Indonésia.
Cumbok Niwa, Sakti, Pidie
Anak Ratu Aji, Lampung Tengah
Anak Ratu Aji nyaéta salah sahiji kacamatan di Kabupatén Lampung Tengah, Propinsi Lampung, Indonésia.
Mrebet, Mrebet, Purbalingga
Mrebet nyaéta salasahiji désa di Kacamatan Mrebet, Purbalingga, Propinsi Jawa Tengah, Indonésia.
Halaban, Besitang, Langkat
Halaban nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Besitang, Kabupatén Langkat, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
2012 VT76
Ari 2012 VT76 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Apollo, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.572, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 26.7. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO�244152.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
Patrolsari, Arjasari, Bandung
Patrolsari nyaéta salah sahiji désa di kacamatan Arjasari, Kabupatén Bandung, Propinsi Jawa Barat, Indonésia.
783
Taun ka-783 Maséhi dina Kalénder Grégorian.
Buket Tiga, Birem Bayeun, Aceh Timur
Buket Tiga nyaéta salah sahiji Gampong di kacamatan Birem Bayeun, Kabupatén Aceh Timur, Propinsi Acéh, Indonésia.
Ramung Musara, Puteri Betung, Gayo Lues
Ramung Musara nyaéta salah sahiji Gampong di kacamatan Puteri Betung, Kabupatén Gayo Lues, Propinsi Acéh, Indonésia.
SMKS Sukaraja
SMKS Sukaraja nyaéta Sakola Menengah Kajuruan Swasta anu aya di Kabupatén Tasikmalaya. Alamat lengkepna di Jl. Cikeusal, Kalurahan/Désa Mekarjaya Kacamatan Sukaraja, Kabupatén Tasikmalaya, Jawa Kulon kalawan nomor NPSN 20269135.
Ōita Prefecture
Préféktur Ōita (大分県) nyaéta salah sahiji préféktur di Jepang aya di Pulo Kyūshū. Ibukotana nyaéta Kota Ōita.
2006 UL217
Ari 2006 UL217 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Apollo, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.349, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 20.8. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO�285684.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
(17188) 1999 WC2
Ari (17188) 1999 WC2 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Apollo, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.637, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 16.5. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO�371137.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
Setianegara, Cibeureum, Tasikmalaya
Setianegara nyaéta salah sahiji kalurahan di kacamatan Cibeureum, Kota Tasikmalaya, Propinsi Jawa Barat, Indonésia.
Basa Kaham
Basa Kaham nyaéta basa wewengkon anu aya di Indonésia. Panyaturna aya di 1 propinsi nyaéta propinsi Maluku, nu dumuk di 1 kabupaten/kota.
Lalakon Saépulmuluk (Carita Sarébu Samalem)
Lalakon Saépulmuluk (Carita Sarébu Samalem) nyaéta kumpulan dongéng anu ditulis dina basa Sunda ku Moh. Ambri. Ieu buku kumpulan dongéng téh dipedalkeun munggaran taun 2002 ku penerbit Kiblat Buku Utama.
Karangmulya, Plumbon, Cirebon
Karangmulya nyaéta salah sahiji désa di kacamatan Plumbon, Kabupatén Cirebon, Propinsi Jawa Barat, Indonésia.
Pénguin
Pénguin atawa pinguin (ordo Sphenisciformes, famili Spheniscidae) nyaéta manuk laut nu teu tiasa hiber jeung hirupna di Bumi palih kidul.
Aya 17 – 20 spésiés pénguin. Sanajan pénguin téh umumna hirup di Antartika, tapi tiasa ogé hirup di tempat nu sanés. Aya tilu spésiés pénguin nu hirup di daérah tropis. Salah sahijina nyaéta Pénguin Galapagos nu hirup di Képulauan Galapagos.
Spésiés pénguin nu pang ageungna nyaéta Pénguin Kaisar (Aptenodytes forsteri) anu tinggina nepi 1,1 m jeung beuratna 35 kg atawa leuwih.
Polimér
Polimér nyaéta istilah generik nu dipaké pikeun ngadadarkeun molekul panjang. Molekul panjang ieu diwangun ku unit struktural jeung unit ulangan nu kasambung ku beungkeut kimia. Prosés ngarobah unit-unit ieu jadi polimér disebut polimérisasi, sedengkeun unit-unitna disebut monomér, nu biasana molekul leutik nu mibanda beurat molekul handap.
Pénguin
Spésiés pénguin nu pang alitna nyaéta Pénguin Peri (Eudyptula minor) anu tinggina kurang leuwih 40 cm jeung beuratna 1 kg.
Polimér
<!-- Monomérna bisa baé sarua, atawa, mun teu sarua, aya gugus kimia nu béda. Béda antarmonomér ieu bisa mangaruhan pasipatanana, kayaning kaleyuran, a These differences between monomers can affect properties such as solubility, flexibility, or strength. In proteins, these differences can give the polymer the ability to preferentially adopt one conformation over another, as opposed to adopting a random coil (see self-assembly). Although most polymers are organic (based on carbon chains), there are also inorganic polymers, mainly based on a silicon backbone.
Pénguin
Umumna, pénguin nu ageung tiasa ngajaga suhu badanna sangkan tiasa hirup di daérah nu tiis. Upami pénguin nu alit tiasa hirup di daérah nu haneut jeung daérah tropis.
Polimér
The term polymer covers a large, diverse group of molecules, including substances from proteins to high-strength kevlar fibres. A key feature that distinguishes polymers from other large molecules is the repetition of units of atoms (monomers) in their chains. This occurs during polymerization, in which many monomer molecules link to each other. For example, the formation of polyethene (also called polyethylene) involves thousands of ethene molecules bonding together to form a chain of repeating -CH2- units:
Pénguin
Umumna pénguin daharna krill (udang), lauk, cumi-cumi jeung hewan laut nu sanes. Pénguin tiasa nginum cai laut pédah gaduh kélénjar supraorbital dina badanna nu tiasa nyaring garam tina aliran darah. Garam éta dikaluarkeun ngaliwatan saluran pérnapasan.
Polimér
Polymers are often named in terms of their monomer units, for example polyethylene is represented by:
Pénguin
Pénguin henteu sieun ka jelema. manéhna bakal nyaketan ka jelema anu nuju meneliti éta pénguin.
Polimér
Because polymers are distinguished by their constituent monomers, polymer chains within a substance are often not of equal length. This is unlike other molecules in which every atom is acounted for, each molecule having a set molecular mass. Differing chain lengths occur because polymer chains terminate during polymerization after random intervals of chain lengthening (propagation).
Pénguin
Badan pénguin saé kanggo ngojay jeung hirup di laut. Sayapna tiasa dipaké ngadayung, tapi teu tiasa dipaké hiber. Di darat, pénguin ngagunakeun ekor jeung sayapna kanggo ngajaga kaseimbangan.
Polimér
Proteins are polymers of amino acids. From a dozen to some hundred of the (about) twenty different monomers form the chain, the sequence of monomers determining the shape and activity of the final protein. But there are active regions, surrounded by, as is believed now (Aug 2003), structural regions, whose sole role is to expose the active region(s) (there may be more than one on a given protein). So the absolute sequence of amino acids is not important, as long as the active regions are expressed (being accessible from the outside) properly. Also, whereas the formation of polyethylene occurs spontaneously given the right conditions, the manufacture of biopolymers such as proteins and nucleic acids requires the help of catalysts (substances that facilitate or accelerate reactions.) Since the 1950s, catalysts have also revolutionised the development of synthetic polymers. By allowing more careful control over polymerization reactions, polymers with new properties, such as the ability to emit coloured light, have been manufactured.
Pénguin
Badan pénguin warnana bodas di palih payunna jeung hideung di pengkerna. Ieu digunakeun kanggo kamuflase. Hewan ti handap sesah ningali pénguin pedah warnana nu bodas kacampur ku pantulan sinar matahari. Hewan ti luhur ogé sesah ningali pénguin pedah warnana nu hideung.
Pénguin tiasa ngojay gancangna 6 nepi 12 km/jam. Tiasa ogé nepi ka 27 km/jam. Pénguin nu alit biasana nyelam lamina 1 nepi 2 menit. Upami pénguin nu ageung tiasa nyelam lamina 20 menit.
Polimér
The well characterization of a polymer requires several parameters which need to be described. This is because a polymer actually consists of a distribution of chains of varying lengths, and each chain consists of monomer residues which affect its properties. Some of these parameters are described below.
Branching
During the propagation of polymer chains, branching can occur. In radical polymerization, this is when a chain curls back and bonds to an earlier part of the chain. When this curl breaks, it leaves small chains sprouting from the main carbon backbone. Branched carbon chains cannot line up as close to each other as unbranched chains can. This causes less contact between atoms of different chains, and fewer opportunities for induced or permanent dipoles to occur. A low density results from the chains being further apart. Lower melting points and tensile strengths are evident, because the intermolecular bonds are weaker and require less energy to break.
Stereoregularity
Stereoregularity or tacticity describes the isomeric arrangement of functional groups on the backbone of carbon chains. Isotactic chains are defined as having substituent groups aligned in one direction. This enables them to line up close to each other, creating crystalline areas and resulting in highly rigid polymers.
In contrast, atactic chains have randomly aligned substituent groups. The chains do not fit together well and the intermolecular forces are low. This leads to a low density and tensile strength, but a high degree of flexibility.
Syndiotactic substituent groups alternate regularly in opposite directions. because of this regularity, syndiotactic chains can position themselves close to each, though not as close as isotactic polymers. Syndiotactic polymers have better impact strength than isotactic polymers because of the higher flexibility resulting from their weaker intermolecular forces.
Copolymerization
The following image shows a specific type of copolymerization called a step-growth polymerization, or condensation polymerization. In this particular polymerization a small molecule is released upon polymerization. In the following reaction scheme, water is given off and nylon is formed. The type of nylon (name and properties) are governed by the R and R' groups in the monomers used.
Intermolecular forces
The attractive forces between polymer chains play a large part in determining a polymer's properties. Because polymer chains are so long, these interchain forces are amplified far beyond the attractions between conventional molecules. Also, longer chains are more amorphous (randomly oriented). Polymers can be visualised as tangled spaghetti chains - pulling any one spaghetti strand out is a lot harder the more tangled the chains are. These stronger forces typically result in high tensile strength and melting points.
The intermolecular forces in polymers are determined by dipoles in the monomer units. Polymers containing amide groups can form hydrogen bonds between adjacent chains; the positive hydrogen atoms in N-H groups of one chain are strongly attracted to the oxygen atoms in C=O groups on another. These strong hydrogen bonds result in, for example, the high tensile strength and melting point of kevlar. Polyesters have dipole-dipole bonding between the oxygen atoms in C=O groups and the hydrogens in H-C groups. Dipole bonding is not as strong as hydrogen bonding, so ethene's melting point and strength are lower than kevlar's, but polyesters have greater flexibility.
Ethene, however, has no permanent dipole. The attractive forces between polyethylene chains arise from weak van der Waals forces. Molecules can be thought of as being surrounded by a cloud of negative electrons. As two polymer chains approach, their electron clouds repel one another. This has the effect of lowering the electron density on one side of a polymer chain, creating a slight positive dipole on this side. This charge is enough to actually attract the second polymer chain. Van der Waals forces are quite weak, however, so polyethene melts at low temperatures.
Polymer characterization
A variety of laboratory techniques are used to determine the properties of polymers. Techniques such as wide angle xray scattering, small angle xray scattering, and small angle neutron scattering are used to determine the crystalline structure of polymers. Gel permeation chromatography is used to determine the number average molecular weight, weight average molecular weight, and polydispersity. FTIR is used to determine composition. Thermal properties such as the glass transition temperature and melting point can be determined by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis. Thermal degradation followed by analysis of the fragments is one more technique for determining the possible structure of the polymer.
Polymer known as polymer substrate is used for everyday banknotes in Australia and New Zealand, and is also used in commemorative notes in other countries.
See also: Polymerization -- Biopolymer -- Condensation polymer -- Addition polymer -- Synthetic polymer -- Glass transition temperature -- Important publications in polymer chemistry -->
Wawacan Purnama Alam
Wawacan Purnama Alam nyaéta wawacan pangkandelna jeung pangpunjulna dina basa Sunda karya R. Soeriadiredja.
Purnama alam téh ngaran tokoh utamana, putra raja nu kasép pilih tanding, nu ditenung jadi arca sarta diteundeun di guha racun Pajarangan di nagara Tolongtelengan di puseur bumi, ku sabab henteu daék kawin ka putri raja Ambarak, kalah ka nikah jeung putra guruna, Déwi Kania. Tapi putri jin nagara Tolongtelengan, Ratna Suminar, kapincut ku kakasépanana. Ku lantaran kitu Ratna Suminar nulungan Purnama Alam. Ratna Suminar saenyana anak manusa ngan keur orok kénéh dipaling ku jin sarta dirorok ku Ratu jin, nepi ka sakti manggulang-mangguling. Sanajan kitu manéhna ngarasa taluk ka Déwi Pramanik (tadina Déwi Kania), anu jadi geureuha Purnama Alam.
Wawacan Purnama Alam réa anu mikaresep ku sabab caritana "rame", réa pérangna anu ngaradu kasaktian, nu ilalakonkeunana salian ti manusa anu darigjaya téh, réa jin jeung siluman anu barisaeun ngaleungit, bisaeun hiber, bisaeun mindah rupa, jeung bisaeun ngalakukeun hal-hal ajaib lianna. Tapi digambarkeun deuih, yén Ratna Suminar putri jin anu sakti mandraguna téh rumasa éléh ku lantaran kitu miguru ka Déwi Pramanik, nu digambarkeun henteu bogaeun kasaktian nanaon, ari angkat-angkatan gé tara hiber, sok nyacat baé. Jiga nu ngarangna hayang ngayakinkeun yén anu sampurna mah manusa anu hirupna cara jelema biasa.
Réa anu nganggap yén Wawacan Purnama Alam téh lain carita samanéa, tapi mangrupa perlambang hirup manusa.
Beringin Jaya, Panyabungan Utara, Mandailing Natal
Beringin Jaya nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Panyabungan Utara, Kabupatén Mandailing Natal, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
2014 WW202
Ari 2014 WW202 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Apollo, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.220, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 24.4. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO�342303.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
Leupeuem Mesjid, Sakti, Pidie
Leupeuem Mesjid nyaéta salah sahiji Gampong di kacamatan Sakti, Kabupatén Pidie, Propinsi Acéh, Indonésia.
Meloak Sepakat, Puteri Betung, Gayo Lues
Meloak Sepakat nyaéta salah sahiji Gampong di kacamatan Puteri Betung, Kabupatén Gayo Lues, Propinsi Acéh, Indonésia.
2016 FC1
Ari 2016 FC1 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Apollo, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.639, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 29.1. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO�370958.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
Mulyojati, Metro Kulon, Metro
Mulyojati nyaéta salah sahiji Kalurahan di kacamatan Metro Kulon, Kota Metro, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
1998 KY26
Ari 1998 KY26 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Apollo, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.202, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 25.5. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO38186.
2010 EA46
Ari 2010 éa46 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Amor, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.643, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 23.7. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO 175350.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
1998 KY26
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
Negara Aji Baru, Anak Tuha, Lampung Tengah
Negara Aji Baru nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Anak Tuha, Kabupatén Lampung Tengah, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
2016 QY10
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
2013 CG129
Ari 2013 CG129 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Amor, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.205, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 24.6. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO 258457.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
Setiaratu, Cibeureum, Tasikmalaya
Setiaratu nyaéta salah sahiji kalurahan di kacamatan Cibeureum, Kota Tasikmalaya, Propinsi Jawa Barat, Indonésia.
Wawacan Batara Rama
Wawacan Batara Rama (1935) nyaéta wawacan anggitan R.A.A Martanagara (1845-1926) dumasar kana Serat Rama dina basa Jawa. Asalna tina carita India, Ramayana. Aya naskah dina aksara jeung basa Sunda Buhun nu judulna Ramayana, tapi dina wangunan carita pantun, eusina nyaritakeun anak-anakna Batara Ramayana. Dina wayang golek, lalakon Ramayana ge sok dipintonkeun, sanajan éléh populer ku lalakon tina Mahabrata. Salian ti nyadur Serat Rama, tina basa Jawa téh R.A.A Martanagara nganggit Wawacan Angling Darma deuih tina Serat Angling Darma. Waktu jumenengna R.A.A Martanagara kungdi jadi bupati Bandung (1893-1918) sanajan saenyana anjeunna mah turunan Sumedang. Salian ti éta anjeunna ge nyerat Babad Raden Adipati Aria Martanagara, Babad Sumedang, jllna.
Bojong, Mrebet, Purbalingga
Bojong nyaéta salasahiji désa di Kacamatan Mrebet, Purbalingga, Propinsi Jawa Tengah, Indonésia.
2005 JJ91
Ari 2005 JJ91 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Amor, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.601, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 21.5. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO77894.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
(373503) 2001 CK42
Ari 2001 CK42 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Amor, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.281, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 20.0. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO 271360.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
Guinéa Khatulistiwa
Guinéa Khatulistiwa atawa Guinéa Ékuator, resmina Républik Guinéa Khatulistiwa (República de Guinea Ecuatorial, ; République de Guinée équatoriale,, (República da Guiné Equatorial, ); mangrupa hiji nagara nu aya di Afrika Tengah. Nagara ieu ngawengku dua bagian: hiji Wewengkon Buana (Río Muni), kaasup sababaraha pulo leutik saperti Corisco, Elobey Grande, jeung Elobey Chico; sarta hiji wewengkon insulér nu boga eusi pulo Annobón jeung pulo Bioko (baheulana Fernando Po) di mana ayana ibu kota Malabo.
Pamanggihan minyak bumi di sababaraha taun ieu ngalihkeun status ékonomi jeung pulitik nagara. GDP per kapitana aya dina réngking ka-28 sadunya.
Babagian administratif
Guinéa Khatulistiwa dibagi kana 7 propinsi (ibu kotana aya di jero kurung):
Propinsi-propinsina saterasna dibagi kana distrik-distrik.
Tempo ogé
🇨🇴
782
Taun ka-782 Maséhi dina Kalénder Grégorian.
Kalirejo, Lampung Tengah
Kalirejo nyaéta salah sahiji kacamatan di Kabupatén Lampung Tengah, Propinsi Lampung, Indonésia.
Benteng, Birem Bayeun, Aceh Timur
Benteng nyaéta salah sahiji Gampong di kacamatan Birem Bayeun, Kabupatén Aceh Timur, Propinsi Acéh, Indonésia.
Bukit Mas, Besitang, Langkat
Bukit Mas nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Besitang, Kabupatén Langkat, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Pitopatologi
<!-- Patogén tutuwuhan nu umum nyaéta:
Fungal plant pathogens
The majority of plant pathogens are fungal, with ascomycetes the leading group. Fungal plant pathogens can be described as polycyclic if the disease is capable of making spores and reinfecting plants during a growing season, or monocyclic if it has to wait until a new season. Fungal pathogens are also defined by the types of spores they create and the methods by which they enter the plant tissue. Once the pathogen enters the plant tissue it either creates a haustorium and grows inside the living tissue (biotroph) or kills the surrounding cells and lives off the dead tissue (necrotroph). Indications of pathogen presence are divided into signs and symptoms. Signs are observational evidence of the pathogen (such as visible sporulation). Symptoms are secondary evidence that a pathogen is present (such as wilting of the leaves).
Significant abiotic disorders can be caused by: -->
Saté lilit
Varian
Minagka pulo kalawan mayoritas pangagem agama Hindu, daging bagong atawa lauk leuwih jado pilihan, jeung deuih daging sapi mah mimitina jarang dikonsumsi di Bali. Ngan pikeun nyumponan kahayang konsumén nu teu ngonsumsi daging bagong kayaning umat Muslim, di réstoran Bali nu aya di saluareun Bali mah, saté lilit téh sok ngagunakeun daging hayam atawa sapi minangka pangganti. Di puseut padagangan lauk di Bali, kayaning désa Kusamba, nu nyanghareup ka Selat Nusa Penida, saté lilit téh dijieunna tina lauk nu dipikaresep.
Dua saté favorit asal Bali nyaéta saté lilit jeung saté lauk. Saté lilit jeung saté lauk nu asli euyeub ku campuran samara. Di Bali, ampir unggal susuguh deungeun sangu téh setiap hidangan disamaraan ku bumbu megenep — campuran samara ti mimiti daun jeruk, cipati, bawang bodas, bawang beureum, laja, katuncar, konéng, cabé jeung céngék.
Basa Kaiely
Basa Kaiely nyaéta basa wewengkon anu aya di Indonésia. Panyaturna aya di 0 propinsi nyaéta propinsi Maluku, nu sumebar di 0 kabupaten/kota.
Pinggirsari, Arjasari, Bandung
Pinggirsari nyaéta salah sahiji désa di kacamatan Arjasari, Kabupatén Bandung, Propinsi Jawa Barat, Indonésia.
Mohandas Gandhi
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Gujarati: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી; Hindi: मोहन्दास करमचंद गांधी, Pronunciation-IPA: / / ) (2 Oktober 1869 – 30 Januari, 1948) salah saurang politikus utama jeung pamingpin spiritual India jeung gerakan kamerdekaan India. Gandhi pionir tur panutur Satyagraha — ngalawan ku cara teu nurut babarengan dumasar kana ahimsa (bajoang teu make kekerasan) nu jadi salah sahiji filosofi sumanget dina Gerakan Kamerdekaan India, tur jadi inspirasi gerakan keur hak asasi jeung kamerdakaan di dunya. Gandhi ilahar jeung kawentar boh di India atawa di dunya ku ngaran Mahatma Gandhi (Hindi: महात्मा, / /; tina Basa Sansakerta, Mahatma: Great Soul) nyaéta Bapu (dina Basa India, Bapak).
Salah saurang ahli hukum didikan Inggris, Gandhi mimiti ngusulkeun idena keur bajoang sipil ku cara damey di komunitas perjuangan India keur hak asasi di Afrika Kidul. Sanggeus mulang ka India, Gandhi ngumpulkeun patani miskin jeung buruh keur protes kana "penindasan" pajak jeung diskriminasi. Mingpin Kongres Nasional India, Gandhi ngayakeun kampanye keur ngurangan kamiskinan, ngabébaskeun awewe India, babarayaan antara komunitas nu béda kapercayaan jeung etnis, ngeureunkeun perbudakan jeung diskriminasi kasta, sarta minuhan kabutuhan ekonomi nasional sorangan, sakabéh di luhur keur Swaraj — kamerdakaan India tina dominasi bangsa asing. Gandhi kawentar mingpin dina nolak pajeg uyah ku cara cara 400 kilométer (248 miles) Dandi Salt March dina 1930, sarta menta sacara terbuka ka Inggris keur Kaluar India dina taun 1942. Gandhi méakeun umur hirup keur kadameyan tur hirup tumuwuh babarengan antara Hindus, Muslims jeung Sikhs.
Salila bajoangna, Gandhi konsisten bajoang tanpa kekerasan jeung kebenaran sanajan dina kaayaan ekstrim. Gandhi jadi mahasiswa filosofi Hindu sarta hirup sederhana, "mengelola" ashram nyaéta minuhan kabutuhan sorangan. Gandhi nyieun baju ku sorangan — baju tradisional Indian dhoti jeung shawl, tinun maké charkha — sarta hirup diet salaku vegetarian. Gandhi remen puasa — pantang tina dahareun tur cai dina waktu nu lila — keur pembersihan diri tur nandakeun protes. Kahirupan jeung ajaran Gandhi méré ilham keur Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Steve Biko jeung Aung San Suu Kyi sarta gerakan hak asasi sipil Amerika, perjuangan hak asasi manusa di Afrika Kidul jeung Myanmar. Kritikna kana sababaraha aspek modérnisasi kulon (saperti tehnologi jeung industrialisasi modérn) ogé nambahn reputasina dina ngawangun kritik nu jadi inspirasi pamikir politik saterusna.
Gandhi dibéré gelar Bapak Nasional India, gelar mimitina Subhash Chandra Bose. Ulang taun Gandhi dina 2 Oktober dieling-eling salaku Gandhi Jayanti, sarta jadi poe libur nasional.
Awal kahirupan
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi lahir ti kulawarga Hindu Modh Vanik di Porbandar, Gujarat, India taun 1869. Gandhi putra ti Karamchand Gandhi, diwan (Menteri Kepala) Porbandar, jeung Putlibai, istri kaopat Karamchand, runtuyan Hindu Pranami Vaishnava. Dua istri Karamchand mimiti, boga dua baraya awewe, maotna ku alesan nu teu dipikanyaho (rumorna waktu ngalahirkeun). Istri katilu teu daya upaya tur ngidinan ka Karamchand keur kawin deui. Hirup tumuwuh jeung indung nu taat tur dikurilingan ku pangaruh Jain Gujarat, Gandhi diajar ti umur nu leuwih ngora kahirupan teu nganyenyeri, vegetarian, puasa keur ngabersihkeun diri, tur toleran ka rupa-rupa agama jeung sekte. Gandhi lahir dina vaishya, ataw kasta padagang. Dina Mei 1883, waktu umur 13 taun, Gandhi geus nikah dijodokeun ku kolotna ka Kasturba Makhanji (dieja "Kasturbai" disebut "Ba"), nu umurna sarua. Maranéhna boga 4 putra: Harilal Gandhi, lahir taun 1888; Manilal Gandhi, lahir taun 1892; Ramdas Gandhi, lahir taun 1897; jeun Devdas Gandhi, lahir taun 1900. Gandhi kaasup mahasiswa cukup di Porbandar jeung Rajkot. Gandhi lulus ujian matrikulasi keur University of Bombay dina 1887, nu mana asup ka Samaldas College. Gandhi teu betah di ieu college, sabab kulawargna hayang Gandhi jadi pengacara. manéhna ngamangpaatkuen kasempetan keur sakola di Inggris, nu ceuk pamikirna "taneuh para philosopher jeung sastrawan, pusat sagala kahirupan sipil."
Umur 18 taun dina 4 September 1888, Gandhi asup ka University College London keur dilatih jadi pengacara. Basa di London, ibukota Karajaan, geus dipangaruhan ku ajaran ti ibuna keur jadi Jain monk Becharji, salila ninggalkeun India patuh kana prinsip Hindu keur teu dahar daging, alkohol, sarta bandel. Sanajan Gandhi diajarkeun kana kabiasaan "urang Inggris" — diajar dansa contona — manéhna teu bisa dahar daging domba jeung kubis ibu kosna. Ibu kosna nunjukkeun rumah makan vegetarian di London. Kahirupanna sajalan jeung kahayang indungna, manéhna maca ngeunaan kamampuan intelek vegetarian. manéhna gabung jeung Kumpulan Vegetarian, sarta kapilih jadi komite eksekutif tur ngadegkeun kleub lokal. manéhna ngaku loba meunang pangalaman salila ngurus ieu organisasi. Sababarha vegetarian nu papanggih nyaéta anggota Pakumpulan Teosofical, di didirikeun dina taun 1875 keur ngamajukeun babarayaan jeung nalungtik literatur Budha sarta Hindu Brahma. Maranéhna nyarankeun Gandhi keur maca Bhagavad Gita. Teu nempo kana sabagéan nu dipikaresrp dina agama saméméhna, Gandhi loba maca buku ngeunaan Hindu, Kristen, Budha, Islam jeung agama séjénna. manéhna mulang ka India sanggeus ditrarima di bar Inggris jeung Wales, tapi ngan saeutik kasuksesan dina prakték hukumna di Bombay, saterusna daptar sarta ditolak keur gawe paruh waktu jadi guru di sakola menengah. Gandhi mulang ka Rajkot keur nyieun draft petisi tapi dipaksa nutup bisnisna saperti basa rek gawe di kantor Inggris. Dina catetan hirupna, Gandhi ngajelaskeu kajadian ieu salaku kagagalan dina lobi ka baraya nu leuwih kolot. Dina kaayaan ieu nyaéta (taun 1893) ditarima keur kontrak panjang di parusahaan India keur dikirim ka Natal, Afrika Kidul.
Gerakan hak asasi manusa di Afrika Kidul (1893–1914)
<!--At this point in his life, Gandhi was a mild-mannered, diffident and politically indifferent individual. He had read his first newspaper at the age of 18, and was prone to stage fright while speaking in court. South Africa changed him dramatically, as he faced the discrimination that was commonly directed at blacks and Indians in that country. One day in court in the city of Durban, the magistrate asked him to remove his turban. Gandhi refused to do so and stormed out of the courtroom. In another incident, he was thrown off a train at Pietermaritzburg, after refusing to move from the first class coach to a third class compartment while holding a valid first class ticket. Later, travelling further on by stagecoach, he was beaten by a driver for refusing to travel on the footboard to make room for a European passenger. He suffered other hardships on the journey as well, including being barred from many hotels on account of his race. These incidents have been acknowledged by several biographers as a turning point in his life that would serve as the catalyst for his activism later in life. It was through witnessing first-hand the racism, prejudice and injustice against Indians in South Africa that Gandhi started to question his people's status, and his own place in society. <!-- At the end of his contract, Gandhi prepared to return to India. However, at a farewell party in his honour in Durban, he happened to glance at a newspaper and learned that a bill was being considered by the Natal Legislative Assembly to deny the right to vote to Indians. When he brought this up with his hosts, they lamented that they did not have the expertise necessary to oppose the bill, and implored Gandhi to stay and help them. He circulated several petitions to both the Natal Legislature and the British Government in opposition to the bill. Though unable to halt the bill's passage, his campaign was successful in drawing attention to the grievances of Indians in South Africa. Supporters convinced him to remain in Durban to continue fighting against the injustices levied against Indians in South Africa. He founded the Natal Indian Congress in 1894, with himself as the Secretary. Through this organization, he moulded the Indian community of South Africa into a homogeneous political force, publishing documents detailing Indian grievances and evidence of British discrimination in South Africa. Gandhi returned briefly to India in 1896 to bring his wife and children to live with him in South Africa. When he returned in January 1897, a white mob attacked and tried to lynch him. In an early indication of the personal values that would shape his later campaigns, he refused to press charges on any member of the mob, stating it was one of his principles not to seek redress for a personal wrong in a court of law.
At the onset of the South African War, Gandhi argued that Indians must support the war effort in order to legitimize their claims to full citizenship, organizing a volunteer ambulance corps of 300 free Indians and 800 indentured labourers called the Indian Ambulance Corps, one of the few medical units to serve wounded black South Africans. He himself was a stretcher-bearer at the Battle of Spion Kop, and was decorated. At the conclusion of the war, however, the situation for the Indians did not improve, but continued to deteriorate. In 1906, the Transvaal government promulgated a new Act compelling registration of the colony's Indian population. At a mass protest meeting held in Johannesburg that September, Gandhi adopted his methodology of satyagraha (devotion to the truth), or non-violent protest, for the first time, calling on his fellow Indians to defy the new law and suffer the punishments for doing so, rather than resist through violent means. This plan was adopted, leading to a seven-year struggle in which thousands of Indians were jailed (including Gandhi himself on many occasions), flogged, or even shot, for striking, refusing to register, burning their registration cards, or engaging in other forms of non-violent resistance. While the government was successful in repressing the Indian protesters, the public outcry stemming from the harsh methods employed by the South African government in the face of peaceful Indian protesters finally forced South African General Jan Christiaan Smuts to negotiate a compromise with Gandhi. In May 1915, Gandhi founded an ashram on the outskirts of Ahmedabad and called it Satyagrah Ashram (also known as Sabarmati Ashram). There lodged twenty five men and women who took vows of truth, celibacy, ahimsa, nonpossession, control of the palate, and service of the Indian people.
Fighting for Indian independence (1916–1945)
As he had done in the South African War, Gandhi urged support of the British in World War I and was active in encouraging Indians to join the army. His rationale, opposed by many others, was that if he desired the full citizenship, freedoms and rights in the Empire, it would be wrong not to help in its defence. He spoke at the conventions of the Indian National Congress, but was primarily introduced to Indian issues, politics and the Indian people by Gopal Krishna Gokhale, at the time one of the most respected leaders of the Congress Party.
Champaran and Kheda
Gandhi's first major achievements came in 1918 with the Champaran agitation and Kheda Satyagraha, although in the latter he was involved at par with Sardar Vallabhai Patel, who acted as his right-hand and leader of the rebels. In Champaran, a district in the state of Bihar, he organized civil resistance on the part of tens of thousands of landless farmers and serfs, and poor farmers with small lands, who were forced to grow indigo and other cash crops instead of the food crops necessary for their survival. Suppressed by the militias of the landlords (mostly British), they were given measly compensation, leaving them mired in extreme poverty. The villages were kept extremely dirty and unhygienic, and alcoholism, untouchability and purdah were rampant. Now in the throes of a devastating famine, the British levied an oppressive tax which they insisted on increasing in rate. The situation was desperate. In Kheda in Gujarat, the problem was the same. Gandhi established an ashram there, organizing scores of his veteran supporters and fresh volunteers from the region. He organized a detailed study and survey of the villages, accounting the atrocities and terrible episodes of suffering, including the general state of degenerate living. Building on the confidence of villagers, he began leading the clean-up of villages, building of schools and hospitals and encouraging the village leadership to undo and condemn many social evils, as accounted above.
But his main assault came as he was arrested by police on the charge of creating unrest and was ordered to leave the province. Hundreds of thousands of people protested and rallied outside the jail, police stations and courts demanding his release, which the court unwillingly granted. Gandhi led organized protests and strikes against the landlords, who with the guidance of the British government, signed an agreement granting more compensation and control over farming for the poor farmers of the region, and cancellation of revenue hikes and collection until the famine ended. It was during this agitation, that Gandhi was addressed by the people as Bapu (Father) and Mahatma (Great Soul). In Kheda, Patel represented the farmers in negotiations with the British, who suspended revenue collection and granted relief. All prisoners were released. Gandhi's resulting fame spread all over the nation.
Non-cooperation
In Punjab, the Jallianwala Bagh massacre of civilians by British troops caused deep trauma to the nation, and increased public anger and acts of violence. Gandhi criticized both the actions of the British, and the retaliatory violence of Indians. He authored the resolution offering condolences to British civilian victims and condemning the riots, which after initial opposition in the party, was accepted after Gandhi made an emotional speech pushing forth his principle that all violence was evil and could not be justified. But it was after the massacre and violence that Gandhi's mind focused upon obtaining complete self-government and control of all Indian government institutions, maturing soon into Swaraj or complete individual, spiritual, political independence. Gandhi was invested with executive authority on behalf of the Indian National Congress in December 1921. Under Gandhi's leadership, the Congress was reorganized with a new constitution, with the goal of Swaraj. Membership in the party was opened to anyone prepared to pay a token fee. A hierarchy of committees was set up to improve discipline, transforming the party from an elite organization to one of mass national appeal. Gandhi expanded his non-violence platform to include the swadeshi policy – the boycott of foreign-made goods, especially British goods. Linked to this was his advocacy that khadi (homespun cloth) be worn by all Indians instead of British-made textiles. Gandhi exhorted Indian men and women, rich or poor, to spend time each day spinning khadi in support of the independence movement. This was a strategy to inculcate discipline and dedication to weed out the unwilling and ambitious, and include women in the movement at a time when many thought that such activities were not "respectable" for women. In addition to boycotting British products, Gandhi urged the people to boycott British educational institutions and law courts, to resign from government employment, and to forsake British titles and honours.
"Non-cooperation" enjoyed wide-spread appeal and success, increasing excitement and participation from all strata of Indian society, yet just as the movement reached its apex, it ended abruptly as a result of a violent clash in the town of Chauri Chaura, Uttar Pradesh, in February 1922. Fearing that the movement was about to take a turn towards violence, and convinced that this would be the undoing of all his work, Gandhi called off the campaign of mass civil disobedience. Gandhi was arrested on March 10, 1922, tried for sedition, and sentenced to six years. Beginning on March 18, 1922, he only served about two years of the sentence, being released in February 1924 after an operation for appendicitis. Without Gandhi's uniting personality, the Indian National Congress began to splinter during his years in prison, splitting into two factions, one led by Chitta Ranjan Das and Motilal Nehru favouring party participation in the legislatures, and the other led by Chakravarti Rajagopalachari and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, opposing this move. Furthermore, cooperation among Hindus and Muslims, which had been strong at the height of the nonviolence campaign, was breaking down. Gandhi attempted to bridge these differences through many means, including a three-week fast in the autumn of 1924, but with limited success.
Swaraj and the Salt Satyagraha
Gandhi stayed out of the limelight for most of the 1920s, preferring to resolve the wedge between the Swaraj Party and the Indian National Congress, and expanding initiatives against untouchability, alcoholism, ignorance and poverty. He returned to the fore in 1928. The year before, the British government appointed a new constitutional reform commission under Sir John Simon numbering not a single Indian in its ranks. The result was a boycott of the commission by Indian political parties. Gandhi pushed through a resolution at the Calcutta Congress in December 1928 calling on the British government to grant India dominion status or face a new campaign of non-violence with complete independence for the country as its goal. Gandhi had moderated the views of younger men like Subhas Chandra Bose and Jawaharlal Nehru, who sought a demand for immediate independence, but also modified his own call to a one year wait, instead of two. The British did not respond. On December 31 1929, the flag of India was unfurled in Lahore. January 26 1930 was celebrated by the Indian National Congress, meeting in Lahore as India's Independence Day. This day was commemorated by almost every other Indian organization. Making good on his word in March 1930, he launched a new satyagraha against the tax on salt, highlighted by the famous Salt March to Dandi from March 21 to April 6 1930, marching 400 kilometres (248 miles) from Ahmedabad to Dandi, Gujarat to make his own salt. Thousands of Indians joined him on this march to the sea. This campaign was one of his most successful, resulting in the imprisonment of over 60,000 people.