cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
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Réaktivitas jeung sanyawaan
Laboratory tests have found that an electrical discharge causes the noble gases to combine with mercury vapor. These compounds are held together with van der Waals forces and result in Hg·Ne, Hg·Ar, Hg·Kr, and Hg·Xe (see exciplex). Organic mercury compounds are also important. Methylmercury is a dangerous compound that is widely found as a pollutant in water bodies and streams.
790 SM
790 SM nyaéta taun ka-790 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
20 Maret
20 Maret nyaéta poé ka-79 dina sataun (ka-80 dina taun kabisat) dina kalénder Gregorian, sésana 286 poé.
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Isotop
Raksa mibanda tujuh isotop stabil, tapi nu panglobana mah (29.86%). Radioisotop nu umurna pangpanjangna nyaéta (umur nyatengah 444 taun) jeung  (umur nyatengah 46,612 poé), anapon nu lianna teu leuwih ti sapoé. Isotop nu panglobana ditalungtik (maké NMR) nyaéta jeung.
Onolimbu You, Mandrehe Barat, Nias Kulon
Onolimbu You nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Mandrehe Barat, Kabupatén Nias Kulon, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
791 SM
791 SM nyaéta taun ka-791 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Orahili Badalu, Mandrehe Barat, Nias Kulon
Orahili Badalu nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Mandrehe Barat, Kabupatén Nias Kulon, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Hiliwaloo II, Moro'o, Nias Kulon
Hiliwaloo II nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Moro'o, Kabupatén Nias Kulon, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
George Lazenby
Géorge Robert Lazenby (babar 5 September 1939 di Queanbeyan, New South Wales, Australia) mangrupa saorang aktor film sareng tilas modél asal Australia. Anjeunna terkenal sabagai salah sahiji pameran resmi James Bond, tepatnya dina film On Her Majesty's Service di taun 1969.
792 SM
792 SM nyaéta taun ka-792 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
George Lazenby
Sampai ka kiwari, Lazenby janten hiji-hijina aktor James Bond anu asalna sanes ti Britania Raya (Inggris, Skotlandia, Wales, Irlandia Utara, termasuk ogé Republik Irlandia). Salian dina film James Bond, Lazenby ogé muncul dina film-film laga anu dibintangan ku aktor Hong Kong, Bruce Lee sareng Raymond Chow.
21 Maret
21 Maret nyaéta poé ka-80 dina sataun (ka-81 dina taun kabisat) dina kalénder Gregorian, sésana 285 poé.
793 SM
793 SM nyaéta taun ka-793 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
794 SM
794 SM nyaéta taun ka-794 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Siduahili, Moro'o, Nias Kulon
Siduahili nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Moro'o, Kabupatén Nias Kulon, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Lasarafaga, Mandrehe Barat, Nias Kulon
Lasarafaga nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Mandrehe Barat, Kabupatén Nias Kulon, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
796 SM
796 SM nyaéta taun ka-796 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
795 SM
795 SM nyaéta taun ka-795 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Hilisoromi, Moro'o, Nias Kulon
Hilisoromi nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Moro'o, Kabupatén Nias Kulon, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
797 SM
797 SM nyaéta taun ka-797 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Sitolubanua Fadoro, Moro'o, Nias Kulon
Sitolubanua Fadoro nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Moro'o, Kabupatén Nias Kulon, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
798 SM
798 SM nyaéta taun ka-798 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Lasara Bahili, Moro'o, Nias Kulon
Lasara Bahili nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Moro'o, Kabupatén Nias Kulon, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
800 SM
800 SM nyaéta taun ka-800 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Gothenburg
Gothenburg (Basa Swédia: ) ) nyaéta salah sahiji kota jeung munisipalitas di propinsi Västergötland di basisir kulon Swédia. Taun 2006, pangeusina aya 490,000 di kotana tur 879,000 di wewengkon métropolitan, ngajadikeun Gothenburg jadi kota kadua panggedéna di Swédia, sanggeus Stockholm. Gothenburg ogé mangrupa kota universitas.
Ku ayana Göta Älv nu ngamuara ka Kattegat, walungan ieu ngabagi Gothenburg jadi dua bagian, kalayan beulah luhureun walungannana ngajadi pulo Hisingen. Teluk leutik Göta Älv kacida cocogna jadi palabuan, tur Gothenburg geus ngalegaan palbuannana jadi nu panggedéna di antara nagara-nagara Nordik. <!--
Sajarah
In the 16th and 17th century, the configuration of Sweden's borders made Gothenburg strategically important as the Swedish gateway to the west, lying on the west coast in the narrow area between the territories of Denmark-Norway. After several failed attempts, Gothenburg was successfully founded in 1621 by King Gustavus Adolphus (Gustaf II Adolf). The city was heavely influenced by the Dutch. Dutch city planners where contraced to build the city as they had the skills needed to build in the marshy areas around the city. The town was planned after Dutch cities to have canals like for example Amsterdam, the blueprint for the canals of Gothenburg are actually the same as those used for Jakarta. The Dutchmen initially got the political power and not until 1652, when the last Dutch politician in the citys council died, that the swedes accuired the political power over Gothenburg. During the Dutch period the town followed Dutch townlaws and there where propositions to make Dutch the official language in the town.
The Gothenburg coat of arms was based on the lion of the coat of arms of Sweden, symbolically holding a shield with the national emblem, the Three Crowns, to defend against its enemies.
In the Treaty of Roskilde (1658) Denmark-Norway ceded the then Danish province Halland, to the south, and the Norwegian province of Bohus County or Bohuslän to the north, leaving Gothenburg in a less exposed position. Gothenburg was able to grow into an important port and trade centre on the west coast thanks to the fact that it was the only city on the west coast that was granted, together with Marstrand the rights to trade with merchants from other countries. .
In the 18th century, fishing was the most important industry. However, in 1731 the Swedish East India Company was founded, and the city flourished due to its foreign trade with highly profitable commercial expeditions to Asian countries.
23 Maret
23 Maret nyaéta poé ka-82 dina sataun (ka-83 dina taun kabisat) dina kalénder Gregorian, sésana 283 poé.
Gothenburg
Sajarah
The harbour developed into Sweden's main harbour for trade towards the west and with the Swedish emigration to North America increasing, Gothenburg became Sweden's main point of departure. The impact of Gothenburg as a main port of embarkation for Swedish emigrants is reflected by Gothenburg, Nebraska a small Swedish settlement in the United States.
With the 19th century, Gothenburg evolved into a modern industrial city that continued on into the 20th century. The population increased tenfold in the century, from 13,000 (1800) to 130,000 (1900). In the 20th century major companies that developed were SKF (est. 1907) and Volvo (est. 1926).
In more recent years however, the industrial section has faced a recession, which has spurred the development of new sectors such as increased merchandising and cultural and educational institutions. -->
Borough
Munisipalitas dibagi jadi 21 borough, nu tanggung jawab kana layanan sakola primér, social, kasenangan, jeung budaya di sajeroeun wewengkonna. Dina pamilu 1998 tilu borough -- Askim, Torslanda jeung Älvsborg—ngayakeun référéndum lokal keurn nyieun munisipalitas sorangan, tapi petisi ieu ditolak ku Pamaréntah Swédia.
Borough <!--
Pulitik
The legislative body of Gothenburg is the City Council with 81 members elected by proportional representation for a four-year term. It is led by the Lord Mayor (borgmästare), currently Jörgen Linder. The council appoints the The City Executive Board, headed by the mayor. Currently, the mayor of Gothenburg is Göran Johansson, from the Social Democratic Party. Deputy mayor and leader of opposition is Jan Hallberg.
Géografi
Gothenburg is situated on the western coast by Kattegatt, an arm of the North Sea, at the outlet of the river Göta älv and the Göta Canal. Due to the Gulf Stream the city has a mild climate and quite a lot of rain. The archipelago of Gothenburg consists of rough, barren rocks and cliffs, which also is typical for the coast of Bohus County.
The Gothenburg Metropolitan Area extends to the municipalities of Ale, Härryda, Kungälv, Lerum, Mölndal, Partille, Stenungsund, Tjörn, Öckerö in Västra Götaland County, and Kungsbacka in Halland County.
Transportasi
The main airport is located at Landvetter, 12.4 miles (20km) east of Gothenburg. The smaller Gothenburg City Airport lies 8.7 miles (14km) northwest of the city. Other major transportation hubs are Centralstationen ("the Central Station") and the Nils Ericson Terminal with trains and buses to various destinations in Sweden, as well as connections to Oslo and Copenhagen. Several ferry lines run to/from Fredrikshavn, Kiel, Kristiansand, and Newcastle.
The "England ferry" (Englandsfärjan) to Newcastle (currently run by the Danish company DFDS Seaways) ceased at the end of October 2006, after being a Gothenburg institution since the 19th century. The company cited high fuel prices and new competition from low-cost air services, especially Ryanair, as being the cause. DFDS Seaways' sister company, DFDS Tor Line, will continue to run scheduled freight ships between Gothenburg and several English ports, and these have limited capacity for passengers, but not private vehicles. It is unclear if the Gothenburg-Kristiansand route will continue.
Gothenburg is a logistic centre, with transports by train and truck from Sweden and Norway to Gothenburg harbour which is by far the largest port in Scandinavia with a cargo turnover of 36.9 million tonnes a year (2004).
With over 93.2 miles (150km) the Gothenburg tram is the largest tram/light rail network in Northern Europe.
Démografi
Gothenburg, as with most Swedish metropolitan areas, has a large immigrant population. According to SCB in 2005, there are 93,965 immigrants resident in Gothenburg, which is about 20% of the population, out of which 10% is from Iran and 9% from Finland. The Iranian population, as well as other immigrants from the Middle East (notably Iraq) and former Yugoslavia, is concentrated in Angered (most notably Bergsjön, Hjällbo and Hammarkullen) and other suburbs in the north east, while other immigrants from Scandinavia, Southern Europe (notably Portugal, Italy and Greece) and Eastern Europe are far less segregated. Frölunda is also known for its larger Chinese population. Other notable East and South East Asian nationalaties are the Thais and the Vietnamese.
Ékonomi
By its naturally advantageous location, Gothenburg houses the largest and most important harbour installation in Scandinavia. Trade and shipping have always been important businesses and in the 18th century, the city was the home to the Swedish East India Company. Industry developed into an important business, e.g., SKF, Volvo, and Ericsson.
Pangatikan
There are two universities in Gothenburg: Gothenburg University and the Chalmers University of Technology. They were both initiated in the 19th century as university colleges on private donations. Today there are more than 60,000 students, which makes Gothenburg the largest university city in Scandinavia.
The Gothenburg University contains such faculties as:
The Chalmers University of Technology is located in Johanneberg 2 km south of inner city. It also contains faculties such as:
There are also four folk high schools (Arbetarrörelsens Folkhögskola i Göteborg, Folkhögskolan i Angered, Göteborgs Folkhögskola, and Kvinnofolkhögskolan).
Gothenburg has some 25-30 high schools. Some of more notable are Hvitfeldtska gymnasiet, founded in 1647, the Christian-oriented LM Engströms gymnasium, Göteborgs Högre Samskola, the art focused Schillerska Gymnasiet, and the Sigrid Rudebecks gymnasium, established in 1869. -->
Kerjasama internasional
Kerjasama jeung Kota Port Elizabeth di Afrika Kidul (ngadeg 1998) nyaéta kerjasama ngawangun lapangan umum nu menarik saperti manajemen runtah, perpustakaa, olahraga jeung pariwisata.
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Budaya
The sea, trade and industrial history of the city is evident in the cultural life of Gothenburg. The biggest attraction in the city is the amusement park Liseberg (see Sites of interest). Another fact related to the industrial heritage of the city is that many of the cultural institutions, as well as hospitals and the university, were created thanks to donations from rich merchants and industrialists, for example the Röhss Museum.
The 1923 Gothenburg Industrial Exhibition saw the creation of the art museum and a number of other institutions. The event culture of the city was an important factor behind the creation of a number of other sport and cultural institutions.
There are many free theatre ensembles in the city, besides institutions like Gothenburg City Theatre, Backa Theatre (youth theatre), and Folkteatern.
The Gothenburg Film Festival, held each year, is the biggest film festival in Scandinavia.
Arsitéktur
There are very few houses left from the 17th century when the city was founded, since all but the military and royal houses were built of wood. One example is Skansen Crown. The first major architecturally interesting period is the 18th century when the East India Company made Gothenburg an important trade city. Imposing stone houses with a Classical look were erected around the canals. One example from this period is the East India House, which today houses Gothenburg’s City Museum. In the 19th century the wealthy bourgeoisie begun to move outside the city walls which had protected the city when the Union of Denmark and Norway was still a threat. The style now was an eclectic, academic, somewhat over decorated style which the middle-class favoured. The working class lived in the overcrowded city district Haga, in wooden houses.
In the 19th century the first important town plan after the founding of city was created, which led to the construction of the main street Kungsportsavenyn. The perhaps most significant type of houses of the city, Landshövdingehusen, were built in the end of the 19th century; three story-houses with the first floor in stone and the other two in wood.
A very important period in the architectural history of the city was the early 20th century, when the National Romantic style dominated. Among the many monumental building erected the Masthugget Church can be mentioned.
And in the beginning of the 1920s, when the city celebrated its 300th anniversary, the Götaplatsen square with its Neo-Classical look was built.
After this the predominant style in Gothenburg and rest of Sweden was Functionalism which especially dominated the suburbs like Västra Frölunda and Bergsjön. In the 1950s the big stadium Ullevi was erected when Sweden hosted the 1958 World Cup in football.
The modern architecture of the city is being formed by such architects as Gert Wingårdh who started as a Post-Modernist in the 1980s.
A further remarkable construction is Brudaremossen TV Tower, one of the few partially guyed towers in the world.
Musik
Gothenburg has a rich music life - the Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra is the best known when it comes to classical music. Bands like The Soundtrack of Our Lives and Ace of Base are well known pop representatives of the city. There is also an active indie scene.
The city is also noted for being the centre of the melodic death metal movement (sometimes even called "The Gothenburg sound"). Gothenburg metal is unique and distinct because of its very melodic and sometimes progressive guitar riffs and solos, and the clean singing that is incorporated (instead of just using the traditional death grunt vocals). Gothenburg's own At the Gates, Soilwork, In Flames, and Dark Tranquillity are credited with pioneering this melodic style. The Gothenburg metal has influenced numerous significant metal scenes across Europe and the rest of the world, including Finland, the United States, and Canada.
Kadaharan jeung inuman
Gothenburg, with its location just by the North Sea, has a number of top class fish and seafood restaurants. The city also has a number of star chefs – over the past decade, 7 of the Swedish Chef of the Year Awards have been won by Gothenburgers. The most popular place to buy the raw ingredient is the Feskekôrka ("Fish Church"); an indoor fish market, it got its name from the building's resemblance to a Gothic church. Four restaurants have a star in the 2006 Michelin Guide: 28 +, Basement, Fond and Sjömagasinet.
22 Maret
22 Maret nyaéta poé ka-81 dina sataun (ka-82 dina taun kabisat) dina kalénder Gregorian, sésana 284 poé.
Gothenburg
Kadaharan jeung inuman
Gothenburg is perhaps the city with the highest concentration of cafés and coffee shops in Sweden; with a large group of students in the city centre and a long tradition of more traditional cafés the number of establishments exploded in the 1990s.
22 Maret
Tumbu luar
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_22
https://www.onthisday.com/events/march/22
Halifadolo, Moro'o, Nias Kulon
Halifadolo nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Moro'o, Kabupatén Nias Kulon, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Gothenburg
Kadaharan jeung inuman
There are also a large number of pubs, bars and discotheques – for example at the main street Kungsportsavenyn.
Hiliwaele, Moro'o, Nias Kulon
Hiliwaele nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Moro'o, Kabupatén Nias Kulon, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Gothenburg
Tempat-tempat nu menarik
Gothenburg has a wide selection of cultural establishments worth seeing. A new opera house was inaugurated in 1994, the Gothenburg Opera. Museums include art (Gothenburg Museum of Art) and (Göteborgs Konsthall), design and handcrafts (the Röhss Museum), sea history, natural history, science, East India, and the Museum of World Culture inaugurated in 2004.
Kungsportsavenyn, commonly known as just Avenyn, "The Avenue", is the main boulevard. It was created in the 1860s and 1870s as a result of an international town planning competition. With a total length of about two kilometers, it stretches from the old moat at the edge of the older part of Gothenburg, and ends at the Götaplatsen square, where the Gothenburg Museum of Art and several other cultural institutions are located.
Avenyn passes the Stora teatern, a Neo-Renaissance theatre and opera building from 1859, and has a major concentration of pubs, discoteques and restaurants.
The Göteborg Botanical Garden is considered to be one of the most outstanding botanical gardens in Europe.
Just across Dag Hammarskjöldsleden is Gothenburg's largest park, Slottskogen, where you can visit Gothenburg's Natural History Museum (Naturhistoriska Museet), a children's zoo (Barnens Zoo), and a family animal park (Djurgårdarna). The park is also home to the city's oldest observatory, but if you prefer, it's a perfect place for sun-bathing, picnicking, or taking a relaxing stroll through Gothenburg's shady forests.
The amusement park Liseberg located in the central part of the city, is the largest in Scandinavia, and the most popular attraction in Sweden by number of visitors per year (>3 millions). Next to Liseberg is the science discovery centre Universeum.
The central city and the harbour can be viewed from the The Gothenburg Lookout.
One of Gothenburg's most popular tourist attractions is the archipelago (Southern Gothenburg Archipelago), which can be reached by boat. Älvsborg Fortress, Vinga and Styrsö islands are popular places to visit. -->
Galeri gambar
Gambar-gambar wangunan jeung tempat disebutkeun dina téks
Onozalukhu You, Moro'o, Nias Kulon
Onozalukhu You nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Moro'o, Kabupatén Nias Kulon, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Sitoluewali, Moro'o, Nias Kulon
Sitoluewali nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Moro'o, Kabupatén Nias Kulon, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Timothy Dalton
Timothy Peter Dalton (alias Timothy Dalton, akrab ku sebatan Timmy, babar di Colwyn Bay, Wales, UK kaping 21 Maret 1946) mangrupa saorang aktor film asal Wales. Anjeunna dikenal sabagai salah sahiji aktor resmi film James Bond dina The Living Daylights (1987) jeung Licence to Kill (1989). Anjeunna ogé terkenal ku peranna dia sababaraha hiji seri film sareng seri drama téater Shakespearean.
802 SM
802 SM nyaéta taun ka-802 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Roger Moore
Sir Roger Géorge Moore (14 Oktober 1927 – 23 Mei 2017) mangrupa saorang aktor film sareng televisi asal Inggris. Anjeunna terkenal dina dua peran detektif fiksi, nyaéta Simon Templar dina serial TV The Saint, sareng sabagai pameran resmi James Bond katilu ti mimiti film Live and Let Die di taun 1973 sampai ka A View to a Kill di taun 1985.
Taun 1999 Roger Moore meunang penghargaan Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) jeung di taun 2003 anjeunna meunang penghargaan Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire. Kadua penghargaan tadi dipasihan ku Ratu Elizabeth II.
Ti mimiti taun 1991 sampai ka anjeunna tilar dunya di 2017, Roger Moore ogé aktif di dunia amal, di mana anjeunna janten duta UNICEF.
801 SM
801 SM nyaéta taun ka-801 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Lologolu, Mandrehe, Nias Kulon
Lologolu nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Mandrehe, Kabupatén Nias Kulon, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Simaeasi, Mandrehe, Nias Kulon
Simaéasi nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Mandrehe, Kabupatén Nias Kulon, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
24 Maret
24 Maret nyaéta poé ka-83 dina sataun (ka-84 dina taun kabisat) dina kalénder Gregorian, sésana 282 poé.
803 SM
803 SM nyaéta taun ka-803 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Mercedes Grand Prix
Mercedes GP nyaéta salah sahiji tim nu ngiluan ajang balap mobil Formula hiji mulai ti taun 2010. Tim ieu asalna nyaéta tim Brawn GP nu jadi juara konstruktor F1 2009 sakaligus mawa pembalapna Jenson Button jadi juara dunia pembalap F1 2009.
Tuwuna, Mandrehe, Nias Kulon
Tuwuna nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Mandrehe, Kabupatén Nias Kulon, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Mercedes Grand Prix
Dina sasih November 2009, pabrikan mobil ti Jerman, Mercedes ngumumkeun yén perusahaanana geus meuli kapimilikan perusahaan Brawn GP, nu hartina ti mimiti taun 2010, tim Brawn GP bakal robah janten Mercedes GP.
Lolozirugi, Mandrehe, Nias Kulon
Lolozirugi nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Mandrehe, Kabupatén Nias Kulon, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Mercedes Grand Prix
Mercedes sareng hiji perusahaan investasi Abu Dhabi diyakini tos meser 75 persen kapamilikan sahan tim Brawn GP, meskipun kitu Ross Brawn, pamingpin tim di taun 2009 bakal tetep ngajabat posisina. Isu nu santer nyatakeun yén Mercedes moal mempertahankeun juara dunia 2009 Jenson Button di timna taun 2010, tapi bakal ngagunakeun 2 pembalap jerman nyaéta Nico Rosberg sareng Nick Heidfeld.
Pierce Brosnan
Pierce Brendan Brosnan, OBE mangrupa saurang aktor pilem jeung tipi, produser pilem sarta aktivis lingkungan hidup, anu ayeuna nyekelan dua kewarganegaraan, nyaéta Irlandia jeung Amerika. Anjeunna kasohor salaku salah sahiji pameran resmi James Bond dina opat seri film, nyaéta GoldenEye, Tomorrow Never Dies, The World Is Not Enough jeung Die Another Day.
Babagian administratif di Indonésia
Indonésia dibagi jadi sababaraha propinsi. Unggal propinsi dibagi deui jadi sababaraha kabupatén jeung kota.
Tingkat propinsi
Kiwari di Indonésia aya 33 propinsi, nu masing-masingna miboga pamaréntahan sorangan tur dipupuhuan ku saurang gubernur. Unggal propinsi miboga badan légistatif nu disebut Déwan Perwakilan Rahayat Daérah (DPRD). Gubernur jeung anggota DPRD dipilih ngaliwatan hiji pamilihan umum keur mangsa jabatan lima taun.
Opat propinsi di Indonésia miboga status husus:
Unggal propinsi ngawengku kabupatén jeung kota.
Tingkat kabupatén/kota
Kabupatén jeung kota boga tingkat nu sarua sarta mibanda pamaréntah daérah jeung badan légistatif sorangan. Umumna, kabupatén leuwih lega ti batan kota. Kabupatén dipingpin ku saurang bupati, sedengkeun kota dipingpin ku walikota. Boh bupati atawa walikota dipilih ngaliwatan prosés pamilihan umum.
Tingkat kacamatan/distrik
Kacamatan, atawa disebut distrik di propinsi Irian Jaya Kulon jeung Papua, nyaéta wewengkon di sajeroeun kabupatén atawa kota. Kacamatan dipingpin ku saurang camat nu mangrupa pagawé nagri sipil sarta tanggung jawab ka bupati atawa walikota.
Unggal kacamatan/distrik ngawengku sababaraha kalurahan/désa.
Tingkat kalurahan/désa
Tingkatan di handapeun kacamatan nyaéta kalurahan atawa désa. Kalurahan dipingpin ku hiji lurah, sedengkeun désa dipingpin ku kuwu.
Di sababaraha wewengkon, digunakeun istilah séjén, di antarana:
805 SM
805 SM nyaéta taun ka-805 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
25 Maret
25 Maret nyaéta poé ka-84 dina sataun (ka-85 dina taun kabisat) dina kalénder Gregorian, sésana 281 poé.
Lakhene, Mandrehe, Nias Kulon
Lakhene nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Mandrehe, Kabupatén Nias Kulon, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Fadoro, Mandrehe, Nias Kulon
Fadoro nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Mandrehe, Kabupatén Nias Kulon, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
807 SM
807 SM nyaéta taun ka-807 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
806 SM
806 SM nyaéta taun ka-806 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Hiliwaloo I, Mandrehe, Nias Kulon
Hiliwaloo I nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Mandrehe, Kabupatén Nias Kulon, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Biofilm
Biofilm nyaéta wangunan komunitas-komunitas mikroorganismeu nu dibulen ku matriks polimér nu napel dina barang inert anu cicing atawa hirup. Biofilm mindeng dicirikeun ku napel dina hiji barang, wangunna hétérogén, biodiversitas, interaksi kumunitas anu pajeulit, sarta matriks ékstrasélulér zat polimérik. <!-- Single-celled organisms generally exhibit two distinct modes of behavior. The first is the familiar free floating, or planktonic, form in which single cells float or swim independently in some liquid medium. The second is an attached state in which cells are closely packed and firmly attached to each other and usually form a solid surface. A change in behavior is triggered by many factors, including quorum sensing, as well as other mechanisms that vary between species. When a cell switches modes, it undergoes a phenotypic shift in behavior in which large suites of genes are up- and down- regulated.
Formation
Formation of a biofilm begins with the attachment of free-floating microorganisms to a surface. These first colonists adhere to the surface initially through weak, reversible van der Waals forces. If the colonists are not immediately separated from the surface, they can anchor themselves more permanently using cell adhesion structures such as pili.
Properties
Biofilms are usually found on solid substrates submerged in or exposed to some aqueous solution, although they can form as floating mats on liquid surfaces and also on the surface of leaves, particularly in high humidity climates. Given sufficient resources for growth, a biofilm will quickly grow to be macroscopic. Biofilms can contain many different types of microorganism, e.g. bacteria, archaea, protozoa, fungi and algae; each group performing specialized metabolic functions. However, some organisms will form monospecies films under certain conditions.
Researchers from the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research have found the strategies used by biofilms. They discovered that biofilm bacteria apply chemical weapons in order to defend themselves against disinfectants and antibiotics, phagocytes and our immune system.
The researcher stated that biofilms may be seen as a source of new bioactive agents. When bacteria are organized in biofilms, they produce effective substances which individual bacteria are unable to produce alone.
Extracellular matrix
Bacteria living in a biofilm usually have significantly different properties from free-floating bacteria of the same species, as the dense and protected environment of the film allows them to cooperate and interact in various ways. One benefit of this environment is increased resistance to detergents and antibiotics, as the dense extracellular matrix and the outer layer of cells protect the interior of the community. In some cases antibiotic resistance can be increased 1000 fold.
Examples
Biofilms are ubiquitous. Nearly every species of microorganism, not only bacteria and archaea, have mechanisms by which they can adhere to surfaces and to each other.
Biofilms and infectious diseases
Biofilms have been found to be involved in a wide variety of microbial infections in the body, by one estimate 80% of all infections. Infectious processes in which biofilms have been implicated include common problems such as urinary tract infections, catheter infections, middle-ear infections, formation of dental plaque, gingivitis , coating contact lenses , and less common but more lethal processes such as endocarditis, infections in cystic fibrosis, and infections of permanent indwelling devices such as joint prostheses and heart valves.
It has recently been shown that biofilms are present on the removed tissue of 80% of patients undergoing surgery for chronic sinusitis. The patients with biofilms were shown to have been denuded of cilia and goblet cells, unlike the controls without biofilms who had normal cilia and goblet cell morphology. Biofilms were also found on samples from two of 10 healthy controls mentioned. The species of bacteria from interoperative cultures did not correspond to the bacteria species in the biofilm on the respective patient's tissue. In other words, the cultures were negative though the bacteria were present.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms
The achievements of medical care in industrialised societies are markedly impaired due to chronic opportunistic infections that have become increasingly apparent in immunocompromised patients and the aging population. Chronic infections remain a major challenge for the medical profession and are of great economic relevance because traditional antibiotic therapy is usually not sufficient to eradicate these infections. One major reason for persistence seems to be the capability of the bacteria to grow within biofilms that protects them from adverse environmental factors. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is not only an important opportunistic pathogen and causative agent of emerging nosocomial infections but can also be considered a model organism for the study of diverse bacterial mechanisms that contribute to bacterial persistence. In this context the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the switch from planctonic growth to a biofilm phenotype and the role of inter-bacterial communication in persistent disease should provide new insights in P. aeruginosa pathogenicity, contribute to a better clinical management of chronically infected patients and should lead to the identification of new drug targets for the development of alternative anti-infective treatment strategies.
Dental plaque
Dental plaque is the material that adheres to the teeth and consists of bacterial cells (mainly Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis), salivary polymers and bacterial extracellular products. Plaque is a biofilm on the surfaces of the teeth. This accumulation of microorganisms subject the teeth and gingival tissues to high concentrations of bacterial metabolites which results in dental disease. -->
808 SM
808 SM nyaéta taun ka-808 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Swédia
Karajaan Swédia (Swédia: ) nyaéta hiji nagara Nordik di Skandinavia. Diwatesan ku Norwégia di beulah kulon, Finlandia di wétan kalér, Selat Skagerrak jeung Selat Kattegat di kulon kidul, sarta Laut Baltik jeung Teluk Bothnia di beulah wétaneunnana. Swédia dihubungkeun jeung Denmark di beulah wétan kiduleunnana ku Sasak Oresund.
Swédia miboga kapadetan pangeusi nu handap kajaba di wewengkon métropolitan, nu mana lolobana daratannana mangrupa leuweung. Nagara ieu miboga sumber alam cai, kayu jeung beusi nu réa. Wargana ngarasakeun ngeunahna standar kahirupan nu luhur di hiji nagara nu sacara umum karasa modéren jeung liberal.
Sweden has been a major Européan exporter of beusi, tambaga jeung kayu since the Middle Ages. However, improved transportation and communication allowed it to utilize natural assets from different parts of the country on a far larger scale, most notably timber and iron ore. Economic liberalization as well as universal schooling contributed to the rapid industrialization, and by the 1890s the country had begun to develop an advanced manufacturing industry. In the 20th century, Sweden emerged as a welfare state; consequently, it usually ranks among the top countries in the UN Human Development Index.
Kunti
Kunti (basa Sansakerta: कुंती; Kuntī) dina carita Mahabarata nyaéta anak awéwé ti Prabu Kuntiboja. Manéhna nyaéta barayana Basudéwa anu mangrupa bapana Baladéwa, Kresna jeung Subadra. Manéhna ogé nyaéta indungna Yudistira, Werkudara, jeung Arjuna sarta ogé mangrupa pamajikan kahiji Pandu. Sajaba ti éta, Kunti ogé indungna Karna.
Swédia
Prasajarah
It is not known when and how the kingdom of Sweden was born. Sweden was first mentioned in the 1st century, by Roman historian Tacitus, who wrote that the Suiones tribe lived out in the séa and were powerful in both arms and ships. Tacitus expressed concern that these Swedes might ally with neighboring tribes and cause trouble for the Roman Empire. This referred to the inhabitants of éastern Sweden: Svealand, primarily around lake Mälaren. From this tribe, Sweden derived its name (see Etymology of Sweden). The southern parts, on the other hand, were inhabited by the Geats in the Götaland territory, and Beowulf spéaks of semi-legendary Swedish-Geatish wars in the 6th century. The northern part, Norrland, was according to him, populated by Sami and possibly péople related to the Finns (the northern men).
Kunti
Satilarna Pandu Déwanata, manéhna ngasuh Nakula jeung Sadéwa, anak Pandu ti Déwi Madrim. Saréngsé Baratayuda, manéhna jeung iparna Dréstarata, Gandari, jeung Widura indit tatapa nepi ka tungtung hirupna.
Swédia
Jaman Pertemgahan
With Christianization in the 11th century, the country became consolidated, with its centre in the agricultural regions of Östergötland and Västergötland and later on also in the water-ways of the northern Baltic and the Gulf of Finland. In the 14th century Sweden, like the rest of Europe, was struck by the Black Death (the Plague), with all its effect.
Kunti
Asal-usul
Bapana Kunti nyaéta Raja Suraséna ti Wangsa Yadawa, sarta waktu orok manéhna dibéré ngaran Prita. Manéhna mangrupa adina Basudéwa, bapana Kresna. Satuluyna manéhna diangkat anak ku Raja Kuntiboja anu henteu mibanda anak, sarta saprak harita manéhna dibéré ngaran Kunti. Sanggeus Kunti jadi anakna, Raja Kuntiboja kakara boga anak kandung.
Swédia
Jaman Pertemgahan
During the Middle Ages, Christianity came to Sweden from the south by Catholic monks and nuns. Christianity came from the éast to Finland possibly via the Vikings. Sweden expanded towards the northern part of the country, Lappland. Finland was still a part of Sweden from 1155 until 1809.
Kunti
Mangsa ngora
Dina waktu Kunti masih ngora, manéhna dibéré hiji mantra sakti ku Resi Durwasa sangkan bisa nyalukan déwa-déwi luyu jeung anu dipikahayangna. Dina hiji poé, Kunti hayang mecakan éta kasinugrahan sarta nyalukan Déwa Surya. Surya anu ngarasa dicalukan, nanya ka Kunti, naon anu dipikahayangna. Tapi Kunti ngajurung Sang Déwa pikeun balik ka panyicinganana. Alatan Kunti geus nyalukan déwa kasebut sangkan datang ka bumi tapi henteu hayangeun berkah nanaon, Sang Déwa méré hiji budak ka Kunti.
Kunti henteu hayang mibanda anak sawaktu ngora, mangka manéhna ngasupkeun orok kasebut kana karinjang sarta malidkeunana ka walungan Aswa. Saterusna orok kasebut dipulung ku saurang kusir ti kadaton Astinapura anu ngaranna Adirata, sarta éta budak dingaranan Karna.
Swédia
Jaman Pertemgahan
In 1389, Norway, Denmark and Sweden were united under a single monarch in a tréaty known as the Kalmar Union. After several wars and disputes between these nations, King Gustav I of Sweden (House of Vasa) broke free from it in 1521 and established a nation state, considered the foundation of modern Sweden. Shortly afterwards he rejected Catholicism and led Sweden to the Protestant Reformation. Gustav I is considered to be Sweden's "Father of the Nation".
Kunti
Kahirupan saterusna
Saterusna, Kunti kawin jeung Pandu, saurang raja di Astinapura. Pandu ogé kawin jeung Madrim minangka pamajikan nu kadua, tapi hésé boga anak. Tungtungna Pandu jeung dua pamajikanana hirup di leuweung. Nya di dinya Kunti ngaluarkeun mantra rusiahna. Manéhna nyalukan tilu Déwa sarta ménta tilu budak ti maranéhanana. Budak kahiji dibéré ngaran Yudistira ti Déwa Yama, nu kadua ngaranna Bima ti Déwa Bayu, sarta anu pamungkas ngaranna Arjuna ti Déwa Indra. Saterusna Kunti ngabéjaan mantra kasebut ka Madrim. Madrim nyalukan Déwa Aswin sarta nampa budak kembar, sarta dibéré ngaran Nakula jeung Sadéwa. Lima anak Pandu kasebut dipikawanoh kalawan ngaran Pandawa.
Swédia
The Emergence of a Great Power
The 17th century saw the rise of Sweden as one of the Great Powers in Europe, because of successful participation, initiated by King Gustav II Adolph, in the Thirty Years' War and by Charles X Gustav of Sweden in the The Deluge of Poland. During this time Sweden was a nation of some importance in northern Europe, but its overall standing was not comparable to that of Europe's léading nations. Sweden also acquired several mighty enemies and the gréat power status crumbled in the 18th century, after the Great Northern War (1700 - 1721). Finally in 1809 there was a shift of the rule. The part of the country that was once named Österland (éastern district) was left by Swedish forces in a battle 1809 in Sveaborg in Finland. Finland became an autonomous Duchy of Imperial Russia.
Kunti
Kahirupan saterusna
Sanggeus nemahan patina Pandu jeung Madri, Kunti ngasuh lima budak kasebut sosoranganan. Luyu jeung amanat Madrim, Kunti jangji baris nganggap Nakula jeung Sadéwa kawas anakna sorangan. Sanggeus perang rongkah di Kurusétra lumangsung sarta umurna geus pohara kolot, Kunti indit ka leuweung babarengan jeung misanna anu séjén kawas Dréstarata, Widura, jeung Gandari pikeun ninggalkeun kahirupan duniawi. Maranéhanana mikeun karajaan ka Yudistira. Di jero leuweung, Kunti jeung anu séjénna kabeuleum ku seuneu.
Swédia
The Emergence of a Great Power
After Denmark was deféated in the Napoleonic wars, Norway was ceded to Sweden in the Treaty of Kiel. Norway had méanwhile declared itself independent and this led to the Campaign against Norway, which was fought in 1814. It ended with the Convention of Moss, which forced Norway into a union with Sweden that was not dissolved until 1905. But the campaign also signified the last of the Swedish wars.
Sajarah modéren
The 18th and 19th centuries saw a significant population incréase, which the writer Esaias Tegnér in 1833 famously attributed to "the peace, the (smallpox) vaccine, and the potatoes", with the population doubling between 1750 and 1850. Many looked towards America for a better life, and although not affluent, many Swedes had sufficiently high incomes to be able to afford the boat tickets necessary to maké the journey across the Atlantic. It is believed that between 1850 and 1910 more than one million Swedes moved to the United States. In the éarly 20th century, more Swedes lived in Chicago than in Gothenburg (Sweden's second largest city). Most Swedish immigrants moved to the Midwestern United States, with a large population in Minnesota. Some Swedes also moved to Canada.
Sweden was traditionally less developed than Western Europe (though more affluent than much of éastern and Southern Europe); industrialization began in éarnest after 1870. During the late 19th century, Sweden was influenced by Protestant temperance movements, mainly of American origin. As a result of their intense propaganda, it is often claimed that alcohol consumption was unusually high in Sweden at this time. However, there is no factual ground for believing that alcohol consumption was higher than in other comparable countries.
Strong grassroots movements sprung up during the latter half of the 19th century (unions, temperance groups, and independent religious groups). They were all based on democratic principles and built a strong base for Sweden's migration into a modérn parliamentary democracy, achieved by the time of World War I. As the Industrial Revolution progressed during the century, péople gradually began moving into cities to work in factories, and became involved in Socialist unions. A Socialist revolution was avoided in 1917, following the re-introduction of Parliamentarism, and the country was democratized.
Sajarah terahir
By the 1930s Sweden had achieved one of Europe's highest living standards.
Following the war, Sweden took advantage of intact industrial base, social stability and its natural resources, making it possible to expand its industry to supply the rebuilding of Europe, léading it to be one of the richest countries in the world by 1960. Sweden was part of the Marshall Plan but continued to stay non-aligned during the Cold War, and is still not a member of any military alliance. During most of the post-war era, the country was governed by the Swedish Social Democratic Party (in Swedish: Socialdemokraterna) and established a welfare state, striving for a "well being for all"-policy.
Sweden joined the European Union in 1995. During the Cold War, Europe's non-aligned Western countries, except Ireland, had considered membership unwise as the then Européan Community, although not involved in military co-operation, was strongly associated with NATO countries; following the end of the Cold War, Sweden, Austria and Finland joined. However, in a 2003 consultative referendum, Swedish citizens declined to adopt the Euro. Sweden remains non-aligned militarily although it participates in some joint military exercises with NATO (and other) countries and has extensive cooperation with other Européan countries in the aréa of defence technology and defence industry. Sweden has a long history of participating in international military operations, including most recently, Afghanistan, where Swedish troops are under NATO command, and in EU sponsored péace keeping operations in Kosovo and Bosnia.
Sweden's economic performance worsened beginning in the 1970s. Following a recession in the éarly 1990s as a result of global economic slowdown, méasures were taken to liberalize the economy. Although the basis of the welfare state have been maintained a number of economic reforms have been implemented, including a reform of the pension system, privatization of state-owned companies and liberalization of markets. The economic situation has improved significantly since then with growth rates outpacing those of the Eurozone.
809 SM
809 SM nyaéta taun ka-809 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Swédia
Sajarah terahir
Sweden has had two political murders in recent history: those of Prime Minister Olof Palme in 1986 and foreign-minister Anna Lindh in 2003.
Géografi
At 449,964 km² (173,720 square miles), Sweden is the 55th largest country in the world, the 3rd largest in Europe and the 1st largest in Northern Europe. The country is somewhat larger than the U.S. state of California, and in 2006 it had a population of 9.1 million péople.
éast of Sweden lies the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Bothnia, providing a long coastline, and mellowing the climate. To the west is the Scandinavian mountain chain (Skanderna), a range that separates Sweden from Norway.
The southern part of the country is predominantly agricultural, with forests covering a larger percentage of the land the further north one goes. Population density is also higher in southern Sweden, with centres being in the valley of lake Mälaren and the Öresund region.
Gotland and Öland are the largest islands of Sweden.
Sweden enjoys a mostly temperate climate despite its northern latitude, mainly because of the Gulf Stream. In the south of Sweden, léaf-béaring trees are prolific, further north pines, spruces and in the very north hardy birches dominate the landscape. In the mountains of northern Sweden a sub-Arctic climate predominates. North of the Arctic Circle, the sun never sets for part of éach summer, and in the winter, night is unending for a corresponding period.
County
Swédia kabagi jadi 21 county atawa län, nyaéta County Stockholm, County Uppsala, County Södermanland, County Östergötland, County Jönköping, County Kronoberg, County Kalmar, County Gotland, County Blekinge, County Skåne, County Halland, County Västra Götaland, County Värmland, County Örebro, County Västmanland, County Dalarna, County Gävleborg, County Västernorrland, County Jämtland, County Västerbotten and County Norrbotten.
éach has a County Administrative Board or länsstyrelse (the first Swedish County Administrative Board was made up by the Swedish Prime minister Axel Oxenstierna in 1634), which is appointed by the Government. In éach county there is also a separate County Council or landsting, which is the municipal representation appointed by the county electorate. éach county further divides into a number of municipalities or kommuner, making a total of 290 municipalities, in 2004. There are also older historical divisions of Sweden, primarily into the 25 provinces and three lands. These divisions are still significant.
Munisipalitas panglegana
Di handap nunjukkeun pangeusi di wewengkon munisipalitas (kommun). Lega diitung dina km². Gambar dumasar data 31 Maret 2006.
Démografi
Sweden has one of the world's highest life expectancies. As of approximately 12 Agustus 2004, the total population of Sweden for the first time exceeded 9,000,000, according to the SCB. As of February 2006, the population was 9,060,430. About 86.7% of the population is ethnic Swedish. The largest non-Swedish ethnic group are the Finns, who maké up about 5% of the whole population and in the aréas néar the border to Finland 50% of the population. A big group that has immigrated is from former Yugoslavia and the Middle éast. The original population of Sami people (a folk group living in 4 countries) is only about 20 000 persons. Approximately 77,500 of the nation's population is of sub-Saharan African ancestry.
Sweden has been transformed from a nation of emigration ending after World War I to a nation of immigration from World War II onwards. Currently, almost 12% of the residents were born abroad, and about one fifth of Sweden's population are either immigrants or the children of immigrants. The largest immigrant groups are from Finland, the former Yugoslavia, the Middle East and other Nordic Countries, in that order. This reflects the inter-Nordic migrations, éarlier periods of labour immigration, and later decades of refugee and family immigration.