cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Kembang
Fungsi kembang
Many flowers in nature have evolved to attract animals to pollinate the flower, the movements of the pollinating agent contributing to the opportunity for genetic recombinations within a dispersed plant population. Flowers that are insect pollinated are called entomophilous (literally "insect loving"). Flowers commonly have nectaries on their various parts that attract these animals. Bees and birds are common pollinators: both have color vision, thus selecting for "colorful" flowers. Some flowers have patterns, called nectar guides, that are evident in the ultraviolet range, visible to bees but not to humans. Flowers also attract pollinators by scent. In any case, pollinators are attracted to the plant, perhaps in search of nectar, which they eat. The arrangement of the stamens insures that pollen grains are transferred to the bodies of the pollinator. In gathering nectar from many flowers of the same species, the pollinators transfer pollen between all of the flowers it visits.
Flower scent is not always pleasant to our sense of smell. Some plants, such as Rafflesia, the titan arum, and the North American pawpaw (Asimina triloba) are pollinated by flies, so produce a scent imitating rotting meat.
Other flowers are pollinated by the wind, and the flowers of these species (for example, grasses) have no need to attract pollinators and therefore tend not to be "showy". Wind pollinated flowers are referred to as anemophilous. Whereas the pollen of entomophilous flowers tends to be large grained, sticky, and contain significant protein (another "reward" for pollinators), Anemophilous flower pollen is usually small grained, very light, and of little nutritional value to insects, though it may still be gathered, in times of dearth. Honeybees and bumblebees actively gather anemophilous corn (maize) pollen, though it is of little value to them.
There is much confusion about the role of flowers in allergies. For example the showy and entomophilous goldenrod (Solidago) is frequently blamed for respiratory allergies, of which it is innocent, since its pollen cannot be airborne. Instead the allergen is usually the pollen of the contemporary bloom of anemophilous ragweed (Ambrosia) which can drift for many kilometers. -->
Ngaran kekembangan
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Tuatara
Tuatara (Rhynchocepalia) nyaéta kelompok réptil langka nu nempatan pulo-pulo babatuan leupas pantai Selandia Baru. Nepi ka ayeuna, tuatara mangrupa kelompok reptil pangsaeutik jenisna, ngan aya dua spésiés nu hirup. Tuatara baheulana leuwih loba jeung rupa-rupa ti batan ayeuna. Bukti fosil nuduhkeun yén ieu sato sumebar nepi ka Eropa, Afrika, Amérika Kidul jeung Madagaskar. Aya sahenteuna 24 genus nu béda tina tuatara ngan lolobana geus laleungit antara 100 juta taun ka tukang. Hal éta nu ngajadikeun Rhynchocephalia (hulu pamatuk) disebuta ordo primitif, réptil kawas kadal asal trias nu sok disebut fosil hirup.
Stasion Tambak
Stasion Tambak (TBK) nyaéta stasion karéta api anu perenahna di Karangpucung, Tambak, Banyumas. Stasion anu aya dina tingkat kaluhuran +19 méter ieu kaasup ka Daérah Operasi V Purwokerto. Stasion ieu mangrupa stasion pangwétanna di Kabupatén Banyumas. Stasion ieu boga tilu jalur.
Per tanggal 27 Nopémber 2019, jalur ganda pétak Kemranjén-tambak geus beroperasi. Ayeuna, euweuh karéta api anu eureun di ieu stasion iwal ti mun aya perewis atawa pasusulan.
Tingali ogé
Stasion karéta api
Tumbu kaluar
Loka Resmi PT Kereta Api Indonesia
Tuatara
Kahirupan
Tuatara mangrupa réptil semi nokturnal nu nempatan leuweung pantai di mana maranéhna néangan dahareun sakurilingeun sayangna jeung ngadahar endog manuk, hayam, invertebrata, amfibi, jeung réptil leutik. Ku sabab ieu sato mangrupa sato getih tiis nu hirup di habitat nu alus, tuatara miboga tingkat métabolisme nu handap. Maranéhna tumuwuh laun jeung miboga umur nu panjang.
SMAS Nasional Anglo
SMAS Nasional Anglo nyaéta Sakola Menengah Atas Swasta anu aya di Kota Jakarta Pusat. Alamat lengkepna di Jl. Rajawali Selatan No. 10 X, Kalurahan/Désa Rawasari Kec. Cempaka Putih Kota Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta, kalawan nomor NPSN 20108504.
2014 SC304
Ari 2014 SC304 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Apollo, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.309, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 23.2. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO�315322.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
(325769) 2010 LY63
Ari 2010 LY63 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Amor, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.413, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 17.9. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO 408346.
Babakan, Ciparay, Bandung
Babakan nyaéta salah sahiji désa di kacamatan Ciparay, Kabupatén Bandung, Propinsi Jawa Barat, Indonésia.
Sindangsari, Cisompét, Garut
Sindangsari nyaéta salah sahiji désa di kacamatan Cisompét, Kabupatén Garut, Propinsi Jawa Barat, Indonésia.
Cot Dirui, Seunagan Timur, Nagan Raya
Cot Dirui nyaéta salah sahiji Gampong di kacamatan Seunagan Timur, Kabupatén Nagan Raya, Propinsi Acéh, Indonésia.
Meunasah Krueng, Peudawa, Aceh Timur
Meunasah Krueng nyaéta salah sahiji Gampong di kacamatan Peudawa, Kabupatén Aceh Timur, Propinsi Acéh, Indonésia.
Karokét
Karokét nyaéta hiji kadaharan anu bentukna buleud panjang aya bagéan kulitna nu garing jeung aya eusian. Ari kulitna dijieun tina adonan tarigu nu digarang ipis semu asak, sedengkeun eusina mah bihun jeung parudan wortol anu geus disamaraan. Didaharna karokét mah sok jeung sambel suuk atawa saos, sakapeung mah sok didahar sapasang jeung leupeut, buras atawa kupat. Kecap karokét téh asalna tina kecap basa Perancis nyaéta Croquette, di bawa ka wewengkon Pasundan ku urang Walanda.
Ari di Walanda, karokét téh kadaharan ragout anu dilapisan ku endog bobodasna jeung bubuk roti, tuluy digoréng. Eusina cacagan daging hayam jeung kentang dicampur sayur an jiga wortol, buncis jeung gamas. Méméh digoréngna karokét téh diguyangkeun kana kocokan endog bobodasna tuluy digulanggapérkeun kana bubuk roti, mun di urang Sunda nyebutna nu kitu téh risoles.
613
Taun ka-613 Maséhi dina Kalénder Grégorian.
Hurup Pégon
béda jeung hurup Jawa, nu ditulis gundul, pegon ampir sok dibéré tanda vokal. Lamun henteu, mangka henteu disebut pegon deui tapi gundul. Basa Jawa mibanda kosakata vokal (aksara swara) nu leuwih loba ti batan basa Malayu antukna vokalna perlu dituliskeun keur nyingkahan karancuan.
Huruf pegon di Jawa utamana dipaké ku umat Muslim nu taat, utamana di pasantren-pasantren. Biasana ukur dipaké keur nulis komentar dina Al-Qur'an, tapi loba ogé naskah-naskah manuskrip carita nu sakabéhna ditulis na pegon. Misalna naskah-naskah Serat Yusup.
Semerap, Keliling Danau, Kerinci
Semerap nyaéta salah sahiji désa di kacamatan Keliling Danau, Kabupatén Kerinci, Propinsi Jambi, Indonésia.
Panggautan, Natal, Mandailing Natal
Panggautan nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Natal, Kabupatén Mandailing Natal, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Basa Sar
Basa Sar nyaéta basa wewengkon anu aya di Indonésia. Panyaturna aya di 1 propinsi nyaéta propinsi Nusa Tenggara Wétan, nu dumuk di 1 kabupaten/kota.
Matang Cut, Baktiya, Aceh Utara
Matang Cut nyaéta salah sahiji Gampong di kacamatan Baktiya, Kabupatén Aceh Utara, Propinsi Acéh, Indonésia.
2017 GK6
Ari 2017 GK6 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Apollo, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.341, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 25.7. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO�405789.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
Irung
Irung nyaéta salah sahiji organ anu aya dina awak manusa. Irung miboga pungsi pikeun ngangseu atawa ngambeu.
Adien Gunarta
Adien Gunarta nyaéta saurang anu ngarancang  fon komputer asal Indonésia. Fon hasil rancanganana anu diaranan "Ceria Lebaran" pernah dipaké di film Despicable Me. Di taun 2019, ngaranna ogé kungsi kawentar lantaran fon jieunanana anu diaranan "Upakarti" dipaké tanpa ijin heula ku Persatuan Sepak Bola Seluruh Indonesia (PSSI) minangka logo Indonésia salaku tuan rumah Piala Dunia U-20 2021.
Adien ogé pernah jadi pinunjul kahiji dina ajang Kang jeung Yuk Probolinggo 2012. Salian ti éta, manéhna kungsi medalkeun sorangan carpon nu ditulis maké aksara Jawa anu judulna Kiambang.
Kahirupan pribadi
Adien gumelar di Probolinggo, Jawa Wétan. Adien meunang gelar sarjana ilmu komunikasi ti Universitas Airlangga. Kiwari manéhna jadi staf komunikasi di Wikimédia Indonésia.
Negera Kemakmuran, Hulu Sungkai, Lampung Kalér
Negera Kemakmuran nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Hulu Sungkai, Kabupatén Lampung Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Negera Kemakmuran, Hulu Sungkai, Lampung Utara
Sekarmulya, Gabuswétan, Indramayu
Sekarmulya nyaéta salasahiji désa di kacamatan Gabuswétan, Kabupatén Indramayu, Propinsi Jawa Barat, Indonésia.
Rarangkén -an
Rarangkén -an mangrupa salah sahiji rarangkén tukang (en:suffix) pikeun ngawangun kecap-kecap rundayan dina Basa Sunda. Sacara umum rarangkén -an ngawangun wanda kecap barang, pagawéan, sipat, jeung bilangan.
Rarangkén -an teu ngalaman parobahan sora (en:alomorf) kawas rarangkén N- atawa -na.
Surbakti, Simpang Empat, Karo
Surbakti nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Simpang Empat, Kabupatén Karo, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Cot Teuku Dek, Seunagan Timur, Nagan Raya
Cot Teuku Dek nyaéta salah sahiji Gampong di kacamatan Seunagan Timur, Kabupatén Nagan Raya, Propinsi Acéh, Indonésia.
Cot Teuku Dek, Seunagan Timur, Nagan Raya
2004 PG20
Ari 2004 PG20 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Amor, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.267, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 24.5. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO70376.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
SMAS Taman Madya 5 Jakarta
SMAS Taman Madya 5 Jakarta nyaéta Sakola Menengah Atas Swasta anu aya di Kota Jakarta Pusat. Alamat lengkepna di Jl. Percetakan Negara VIII No. 16, Kalurahan/Désa Rawasari Kec. Cempaka Putih Kota Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta, kalawan nomor NPSN 20100196.
SMKN 1 Gunung Jati
SMKN 1 Gunung Jati nyaéta Sakola Menengah Kajuruan Negeri anu aya di Kabupatén Cirebon. Alamat lengkepna di Jl. Ki Gede Mayung No.14 B, Kalurahan/Désa Mayung Kacamatan Gunung Jati, Kabupatén Cirebon, Jawa Kulon kalawan nomor NPSN 20268734.
2012 VP6
Ari 2012 VP6 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Amor, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.141, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 24.2. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO 248928.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
2016 NP16
Ari 2016 NP16 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Amor, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.553, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 19.3. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO 397877.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
Lebak Kepuh, Lebak Wangi, Sérang
Lebak Kepuh nyaéta salasahiji kalurahan di Kacamatan Lebak Wangi, Sérang, Propinsi Banten, Indonésia.
2009 SW171
Ari 2009 SW171 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Amor, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.233, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 26.1. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO 164388.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
612
Taun ka-612 Maséhi dina Kalénder Grégorian.
Al 'Aliy
Al 'Aliy nyaéta asmaul husna nu ka 92. Al Aliy miboga harti yén Allah téh maha Luhur.
Dalil Dina Al-Quran
وَسِعَ كُرْسِيُّهُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَلَا يَئُودُهُ حِفْظُهُمَا وَهُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْعَظِيمُ...
jeung Allah moal ngarasa beurat miara kaduana, jeung Allah maha Luhur maha Ageung. (QS Al-Baqarah (2): 101)
Ciheulang, Ciparay, Bandung
Ciheulang nyaéta salah sahiji désa di kacamatan Ciparay, Kabupatén Bandung, Propinsi Jawa Barat, Indonésia.
Sukamukti, Cisompét, Garut
Sukamukti nyaéta salah sahiji désa di kacamatan Cisompét, Kabupatén Garut, Propinsi Jawa Barat, Indonésia.
Bonglai Tengah, Hulu Sungkai, Lampung Kalér
Bonglai Tengah nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Hulu Sungkai, Kabupatén Lampung Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Bonglai Tengah, Hulu Sungkai, Lampung Utara
Basa Sasak
Basa Sasak nyaéta basa wewengkon anu aya di Indonésia. Panyaturna aya di 2 propinsi nyaéta propinsi Sulawesi Tenggara, Nusa Tenggara Kulon, nu sumebar di 10 kabupaten/kota.
2016 CW264
Ari 2016 CW264 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Apollo, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.769, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 29.8. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO�370741.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
Pardamean Baru, Natal, Mandailing Natal
Pardamean Baru nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Natal, Kabupatén Mandailing Natal, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
SMK Ganesa
SMK Ganesa nyaéta Sakola Menengah Kajuruan Swasta anu aya di Kabupatén Sukabumi. Alamat lengkepna di Jl. Raya Kadupugur No. 66, Kalurahan/Désa Cijalingan Kacamatan Cicantayan, Kabupatén Sukabumi, Jawa Kulon kalawan nomer NPSN 20268314.
SMKN 39 Jakarta
SMKN 39 Jakarta nyaéta Sakola Menengah Kajuruan Negeri anu aya di Kota Jakarta Pusat. Alamat lengkepna di Jalan Cempaka Putih Tengah Vi No. 2, Kalurahan/Désa Cempaka Putih Timur Kec. Cempaka Putih Kota Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta, kalawan nomor NPSN 20100168.
(484402) 2007 XH16
Ari 2007 XH16 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Apollo, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.235, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 19.6. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO�398201.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
Baléraja, Haurgeulis, Indramayu
Baléraja nyaéta salah sahiji désa di kacamatan Haurgeulis, Kabupatén Indramayu, Propinsi Jawa Barat, Indonésia.
Ichiyō Higuchi
Ichiyō Higuchi (樋口一葉) nyaéta novelis asal Jepang ti Zaman Meiji. Ti saprak Nopémber 2004, lukisan potrétna nghias kartu kertas Jepang dina fraksi 5.000 yen (Seri E).
Anjeunna diajar nyerat waka tina Utako Nakajima sareng novél tina Tōsui Nakarai. Karya-karyana utama, Takekurabe, Jūsan-ya, sareng Nigorie anjeunna nyebarkeun di tengah-tengah kahirupan ékonomi kulawarga anu sesah. Salaku panulis, karirna pondok pisan. Anjeunna henteu umurna 25 taun nalika anjeunna maot dina 1896 tuberkulosis.
SMKS Patriot Cirebon
SMKS Patriot Cirebon nyaéta Sakola Menengah Kajuruan Swasta anu aya di Kabupatén Cirebon. Alamat lengkepna di Jl. Sunan Gunung Jati No 55, Kalurahan/Désa Jadimulya Kacamatan Gunung Jati, Kabupatén Cirebon, Jawa Kulon kalawan nomor NPSN 20214793.
2009 WQ25
Ari 2009 WQ25 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Apollo, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.712, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 23.9. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO�166409.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
Sangu timbel
Sangu timbel (Aksara Sunda Baku: ) atawa timbel nyaéta masakan Sunda anu kasohor di Jawa Kulon jeung Banten. Kadaharan ieu biasana dijieun tina béas bagolo atawa béas beureum campuran anu dipasak maké bungkus daun cau.
Keude Panteu Breuh, Baktiya, Aceh Utara
Keude Panteu Breuh nyaéta salah sahiji Gampong di kacamatan Baktiya, Kabupatén Aceh Utara, Propinsi Acéh, Indonésia.
Keude Panteu Breuh, Baktiya, Aceh Utara
Alue Batee, Peudawa, Aceh Timur
Alue Batee nyaéta salah sahiji Gampong di kacamatan Peudawa, Kabupatén Aceh Timur, Propinsi Acéh, Indonésia.
Ékonomi
Ekonomi nyaéta élmu sosial nu ngulik, ngageroh masalah produksi, distribusi, jeung konsumsi barang jeung jasa, nu didadasaran ayana pipilih atawa tutukeuran di antara alternatip-alternatip nu sipatna kompetitip nu eces dina kuantitas nu kaukur saperti asupan (input), harga, jeung hasil, kaluaran (output). Widang ekonomi ngawengku sababaraha téori nu kamungkinan gedé teu bisa diharmoniskeun nu tumali jeung sistem produksi jeung distribusi. Ngan dina aturan umumna mah para ahli ekonomi ngaheuyeuk nalungtik perilaku jalma jeung kamakmuran nu jadi tumali antara alat, sumber ekonomi nu sipatna dibutuhkeun sacara sosial jeung nu sipatna langka jeung bisa jadi alternatip guna/kagunaanana. (Lionel Robbins, 1935).
Ciparay, Ciparay, Bandung
Ciparay nyaéta salah sahiji désa di kacamatan Ciparay, Kabupatén Bandung, Propinsi Jawa Barat, Indonésia.
Ékonomi
Economists believe that incentives and desires together play an important role in shaping decision making. Concepts from the Utilitarian school of philosophy are used as analytical concepts within economics, though economists appreciate that society may not adopt utilitarian objectives. One example of this is the idéa of a utility function, which is assumed to be the méans by which individual economic actors decide what makes them "happy" and what decisions they maké in pursuit of that happiness.
Afgan Syahreza
Afgan nyaéta panyanyi rumaja ti Indonesia anu geus kawentar ka mana-mana. Afgan sorangan mangrupa anak ka dua tina opatan hasil buah cinta pasangan Lola Purnama jeung Loyd Yahya. Lahir di Jakarta, 27 Méi 1989, manéhna gedé jeung boga kasempetan pikeun ngembangkeun karir. Karir Afgan di dunya sora dimimitian ti leuleutik di kulawarga anu memang dunya musik nu ngabalukarkeun Afgan resep ka dunya sora. Afgan kungsi meunangkeun préstasi Most Favorite Male MTV Indonesia Award taun 2008 jeung Artis of the Years MTV Indonésia Award taun 2008.
Ékonomi
The subject is said to be positive when it attempts to explain the consequences of different choices given a set of assumptions and normative when it prescribes a certain route of action.
Afgan Syahreza
Afgan mawakeun warna musik anu dipangaruhan ku pop, soul, R&B jeung jazz, Ieu album ngalibetkeun musisi anu geus kasohor, seperti Fajar LMN, Harry Budiman (produser Tangga), Deddy Dhukun, Dian HP jeung Bebi Romeo minangka komposer.
Ékonomi
Aspects receiving particular attention in economics are resource allocation, production, distribution or trade, and competition.
Afgan Syahreza
Karir solo Afgan nu beuki naék ditandaan ku sababaraha prestasi anu dibeunangkeunna di musik Indonesia. Dina kompetisi Anugerah Musik Indonésia 2009, Afgan meunang pangajén salaku Panyanyi Pria Solo Terbaik ngaliwatan lagu Terima Kasih Cinta.
Ékonomi
This last use originated the term political economy, while the term economics was coined around 1870 and popularized by Alfred Marshall. Note that the word economist predated economics.
After this "change", the term "political economy" has been used to denote the "classical economy" of the 19th century, with Adam Smith, David Ricardo and Karl Marx as its main thinkers, in recent yéars the term has also been used to describe the study of production systems which are not viewed through the lens of price, but through descriptions of the network of relationships and requirements involved in a particular economy. There are also those who use the terms economics and political economy as interchangéable.
Widang-widang ulikan ékonomi
Ékonomi biasana dibagi jadi dua cabang utama:
Attempts to join these two branches or to refute the distinction between them have been important motivators in much of recent economic thought, especially in the late 1970s and éarly 1980s. Today, the consensus view is arguably that good macroeconomics has solid microeconomic foundations; i.e. its premises have théoretical and evidential support in microeconomics.
Jeraya, Simpang Empat, Karo
Jeraya nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Simpang Empat, Kabupatén Karo, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Ékonomi
Widang-widang ulikan ékonomi
Economics can also be divided into numerious subdisciplines that do not always fit néatly into the macro/micro categorization. Some of these subdisciplines include: international economics, labour economics, welfare economics, resource economics, environmental economics, managerial economics, financial economics, urban economics, and spatial economics.
Tanjung Harapan, Hulu Sungkai, Lampung Kalér
Tanjung Harapan nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Hulu Sungkai, Kabupatén Lampung Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Tanjung Harapan, Hulu Sungkai, Lampung Utara
SMKS Cempaka
SMKS Cempaka nyaéta Sakola Menengah Kajuruan Swasta anu aya di Kota Jakarta Pusat. Alamat lengkepna di Jl Cempaka Putih Barat, Kalurahan/Désa Cempaka Putih Barat Kec. Cempaka Putih Kota Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta, kalawan nomor NPSN 20178283.
Ékonomi
Widang-widang ulikan ékonomi
There are also methodologies used by economists whose underlying théories are important.
Other subdivisions are possible. Finance has traditionally been considered a part of economics – as its body of results emerges naturally from microeconomics – but has today effectively established itself as a separate, though closely related, discipline.
There has been an incréasing trend for idéas and methods from economics to be applied in wider contexts. Since economics analysis focuses on decision making, it can be applied (with varying degrees of success) to any field where péople are faced with alternatives – education, marriage, health, etc. Public Choice Theory studies how economic analysis can apply to those fields traditionally considered outside of economics. The aréas of investigation in Economics therefore overlap with other social sciences, including political science and sociology. See political economy for the study of economics in the context of political science. The most prevalent political economy is loosely called capitalism.
Economic assumptions
Mainstréam economics does not assume a priori that markets are preferable to other forms of social organization. In fact, much analysis is devoted to cases where so-called market failures léad to resource allocation that is suboptimal by some standard. In such cases, economists may attempt to find policies that will avoid waste; directly by government control, indirectly by regulation that induces market participants to act in a manner consistent with optimal welfare, or by créating 'missing' markets to enable efficient trading where none had previously existed. This is studied in the field of collective action.
Mainstréam economics centers around the relationship between supply and demand. Supply can be said to be the amount of a given commodity available at a give price, and demand can be said to be the amount of a commodity that would be purchased at a given price. Mainstréam economic théory centers on créating a series of supply and demand relationships, describing them as equations, and then adjusting for factors which produce "stickiness" between supply and demand. Analysis is then done to see what "trade offs" are made in the "market" which is the negotiation between sellers and buyers. Analysis is done as to what point the ability of sellers to sell becomes less useful than other opportunities. This is related to "marginal" costs - or the price to produce the last unit that can be sold profitably, versus the chance of using the same effort to engage in some other activity.
Despite the extreme controversy surrounding larger economic issues, there is significant agreement among mainstréam economists on the fundamentals of the subject, especially as reflected in microeconomics as opposed to macroeconomics. In particular the nature of money, supply and whether price reflects available information are aréas of dispute. See below for further discussion.
Economic language and reasoning
Economics relies on rigorous styles of argument more than other social sciences. This is at léast, the purported idéal of professionals in the field. Economic methodology has several interacting parts;
Formal modélling is motivated by general principles of consistency and completeness.
Formal modélling has been adopted to some extent by all branches of economics. It is not the identical to what is often referred to as mathematical economics; this includes, but is not limited to, an attempt to set microeconomics, in particular general equilibrium on solid mathematical foundation. Some reject mathematical economics: The Austrian School of economics believes that anything beyond simple logic is often unnecessary and inappropriate for economic analysis. In fact, the entire empirical-deductive framework sketched in this section may be rejected outright by this school. However, we believe the framework sketched here represents accurately the current predominant view of economics.
2012 QG49
Ari 2012 QG49 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Apollo, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.370, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 22.6. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO�240035.
Ékonomi
Development of economic thought
modérn economic thought is usually considered to have begun with Adam Smith in the late 18th century, although éarlier thinkers such as the Spanish Scholastics and the physiocrats made important contributions. For an overview of precursors to Smith as well as an overview of schools that have developed later, see history of economic thought. modérn mainstréam economics can be said to begin with Mills focusing of what was then called "political economy" on "wealth" which he defined exclusively in relation to the exchange value of objects, or what would now be called price. "Classical Economics," as the economic work of the period is called, forms the foundation of micro-economics.
2012 QG49
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
Ékonomi
Development of economic thought
In the 19th century, Karl Marx synthesized a variety of schools of thought involving the social distribution of resources, including the work of Adam Smith, as well as socialism and egalitarianism, and used the systematic approach to logic taken from philosopher Hegel to produce "Das Kapital". His work was the most widely adhered-to critique of market economics during much of the 19th and 20th centuries. The Marxist paradigm of economics is not generally held in high regard by market economists, though some concepts from his work are occasionally used in mainstréam contexts, particularly in labor economics and in political economy. The term Marxian is in some contexts used to describe work which accepts concepts from his work but does not necessarily subscribe to the political thrust of Marxist thought.
In the éarly 20th century, economics became incréasingly statistical, and the study of econometrics became incréasingly important. Statistical tréatment of price, unemployment, money supply and other variables, as well as the compiling of these statistics, became more and more central to economic writing and disputes within the field of economics.
Macroeconomics diverged from microeconomics with Keynes in the 1920s, and was codified in the 1930s by Keynes and others, particularly John Hicks. It grew in popularity as a réaction to the Great Depression. Keynes had been an influential exponent of the importance of central banking and government involvement in economic affairs, as well as a critic of the political economy of the post World War I period. His "General Theory" encapsulated both criticisms of classical théory that had been levelled by Thorstein Veblen and others, as well a method for economic management of aggregate demand. For an overview of a number of competing schools, see macroeconomics.
In principle, economics can be applied to any type of economic organization. However. the majority of economic théory centers around systems where goods are exchanged in the market - where buyers and sellers seek to maximize their results by trading. The dominant form of market economics focuses on societies where property is owned by individuals, money has a rational basis, and profit comes from utilizing labor and capital to produce goods to be sold in the market - or capitalism. However, economic théory is also applied to markets where the control of capital is in the hands of the state or society, which include socialism and mercantilism, and to societies where the allocation of resources is not through the market, but through political mechanisms, generally referred to as command economies, which includes communism and other forms of totalitarianism. Many economists assert that it is impossible to avoid the "Invisible Hand" of the Market, and hence all societies can be modélled through market dynamics, though this viewpoint has vehement opponents across the political spectrum.
The development of economics as a field of study is closely related to the rise of capital as the primary determining factor of production and trading, hence its most detailed and precise work has déalt with the institutions belonging to market societies, and most specifically to capitalist and socialist societies. To what extent economics must be adjusted to be applied to éarlier forms of social organization has been the source of discussion. Generally, mainstréam economists mostly feel that the basic framework of economics is relevant and flexible enough to be applied to virtually any form of society. Marxist economics asserts that history is divided into eras which are determined by which two classes, which are struggling to control the méans of production - that is slaves and masters, péasants and royalty, wage workers and capitalists - and that mainstréam economics only applies to those societies which are "objectively" industrial, that is to say, societies which are capable of industrial production based on their own knowledge and resources. (See Marxism, particularly "The Hegelian Roots of Marxism".)
In the late 20th Century three of the aréas of study which are producing change in economic thinking are: risk based rather than price based modéls, imperfect economic actors, and tréating economics as a biological science, based on evolutionary norms rather than abstract exchange.
The study of risk has been influential, which viewed variations in price over time as more important than actual price. This particularly applies to financial economics where risk-return tradéoffs are the crucial decisions to be made.
The most important aréa of growth has been in the study of information and decision. Examples of this school include the work of Joseph Stiglitz. Problems of asymmetric information and moral hazard, both based around information economics, profoundly affect modérn economic dilemmas like executive stock options, insurance markets, and third-world debt relief.
Finally, there are a series of economic idéas rooted in the conception of economics as a branch of biology, including the idéa that energy relationships rather than price relationships determine economic structure, and the use of fractal géometry to créate economic modéls. (See Energy Economics)
In its infancy is the application of non-linear dynamics to economic théory, as well as the application of evolutionary psychology. So far the most visible work has been in the aréa of applying fractals to market analysis, particularly arbitrage. (See Complexity in Economics)
Another infant branch of economics is neuroeconomics. This combines neuroscience, economics, and psychology to study how we maké choices.
Basic Scarcity in Economic Theory
Because scarcity and decision are central to economic théory, the question of what is the basic trade-off in economics is of central importance. In every economic théory, there is a basic exchange of two or more ultimately scarce commodities. For Adam Smith, it was defined as the trading of time, or convenience, for money. For example, a person could live néar town, and pay more for rent or his domicile, or live farther away and pay less, "paying the difference out of his convenience".
This view, that the primary trade-off involved in economics is between time and money, has several challengers. éach of these bases its view of scarcity on a different fundamental trade-off. A small number of economists prefer to define economics as the study of how and why péople trade; this definition implies relative scarcity.
In economic théory, the price level is determined by the "marginal" cost and "marginal" utility. Marginalism became incréasingly important in economic théory in the late 19th century, and is a tool which is used to analyze how economic systems will réact. The marginal cost of a commodity is the cost to produce the last unit of it, the marginal utility is the happiness gained from buying the last unit. Economic théory uses marginalism to describe the "diminishing returns" from consumption - the 10th candy bar doesn't taste as good as the first, and so brings less "marginal utility". Marginal cost of production divides costs into "fixed" costs which must be paid regardless of how many of a commodity are produced, and "variable costs". The marginal cost is the variable cost of the last unit, plus the percentage of fixed costs. Marginalism states that when the profit from the next unit will be zero, that unit will not be produced.
Information theory has been applied to economics since the work of Ronald Coase in the 1930's. However, with Herbert Simon and John von Neumann in the 1950's, it gathered a more specific formalism as part of game theory. This emphasises that the decision-making process itself is costly.
Marxist economics generally denies the trade-off of time for money. In the Marxist view, concentrated control over the méans of production is the basis for the allocation of resources among classes. Scarcity of any particular physical resource is subsidiary to the central question of power relationships embedded in the méans of production.
The question of the environment is viewed, in the traditional economic framework, as being related to the externalization of costs. That is, market economics assumes that a good which is underpriced, is overconsumed. Externalization of cost, in this view, will be corrected by pricing the overconsumed resources which are being used, for example the work of Lester Thurow and also see Pigovian taxes. Not all economics study accepts this paradigm, and, instéad, there is a seven decade old tradition of viewing economic relationships as being based on the scarcity of energy, rather than price, as the central féature of economics.
Value Theory
It could be argued that benéath an economic théory is a théory of value. Value can be defined as the underlying activity which economics describes and méasures. It is what is "really" happening.
Adam Smith defined "labor" as the underlying source of value, and "the labor theory of value" underlies the work of Karl Marx, David Ricardo and many other "classical" economists. The "labor theory of value" argues that a good or service is worth the labor that it takes to produce, and the abundance or scarcity of labor determines the price of a commodity. The labor théory of value and the closely related cost-of-production theory of value dominates the work of most classical economists, but they are far from the only accepted basis for "value". For example neoclassical economists and Austrian School economists prefer the marginal theory of value.
"Market theory" argues that there is no "value" separate from price, that the market incorporates all available information into price, and that so long as markets are open, that price and value are one and the same. This théory rests on the idéa of the "rational economic actor". This was orginally asserted by Mill.
Basa Sasak Bali
Basa Sasak Bali nyaéta basa wewengkon anu aya di Indonésia. Panyaturna aya di 1 propinsi nyaéta propinsi Bali, nu sumebar di 2 kabupaten/kota.
Ékonomi
Value Theory
All of these value théories are used in current economic work.
Price
Price is the méasurable quantities involved in an exchange. Price théory, therefore, charts the movement of méasurable quantities over time, and the relationship between price and other méasurable variables. In Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations this was the trade-off between price and convenience. A gréat déal of economic théory is based around prices and the théory of supply and demand.
Supply and demand assume that the factors affecting the agents who supply a particular commodity can be separated from those who wish to sell it. Sellers have a quantity they would wish to sell at every given price and a price for any quantity they wish to sell; buyers have a quantity they will demand at any given price and a price that they will pay to if they have to buy a particular quantity.
The market 'cléars' at the point where all the supply and demand at a given price balance. That is, the amount of a commodity available at a given price equals the amount that buyers are willing to purchase at that price. It is assumed that there is a process that will result in the market réaching this point, but exactly what the process is in a réal situation is an ongoing subject of reséarch. Markets which do not cléar will réact in some way, either by a change in price, or in the amount produced, or in the amount demanded. Graphically the situation can be represented by two curves; one showing the price-quantity combinations buyers will pay for, or the demand curve, one showing the combinations sellers will sell for, or the supply curve. The market cléars where the two are in equilibrium, that is where the curves intersect. In a general equilibrium modél, all markets in all goods cléar simultanéously and the 'price' can be described entirely in terms of tradéoffs with other goods. For a century the Say's Law was believed in economic théory, which said that markets, as a whole, would always cléar.
In many practical economic modéls, some form of "price stickiness" is incorporated to modél the observed fact that in many markets prices do not move fluidly. Economic policy often revolves around arguments as to what is causing "economic friction", or price stickiness, and which is, therefore, preventing the supply and demand from réaching equilibrium.
Economics and other disciplines
There is some degree of tension between economics and ethics, another of the most basic social sciences, which tends to avoid quantification and emphasize balances of rights. modérn economics déals with this tension explicitly – according to some thinkers a théory of economics is also, or implies also, a théory of moral reasoning. One way economists déal with this is to qualify discussions of economic choice by noting that "all else being equal..." referring to moral or social factors that are supposedly held equivalent for all choices that one might make. For exploration of this issue, see the moral purchasing article.
Another premise is that economics fits within a finite ecosystem where there are at léast some abundant resources – for instance, when fueling a fire one is usually concerned with finding the wood, and not so much with finding the air to burn it with. Economics explicitly does not déal with free abundant inputs – one criticism is that it often conflicts with ecology's view of what affects what. Human beings are, according to ecologists, merely one species participating in a vast energy system on this planet – economy is a subset of ecology that déals with just one species' habits and wants. See nature's services for the economic view of ecology and green economics for the view wherein economics is a subset of ecology.
The debates above are all quite old. The term economics was coined in around 1870, and popularised by influential "neoclassical" economists such as Alfred Marshall. Prior to this the subject had been known as political economy and referred to "the economy of polities" – competing states. The older term is still often used instead of economics, especially by radical economists such as Marxists who strongly question assumptions of "mainstream" technical and quantitative economics. Use of this term often signals an a basic disagreement with the terminology or paradigm of market economics. Political economy explicitly brings political considerations into economic analysis and therefore tends to be more normative. Some mainstréam universities (such as the University of Toronto and many in the United Kingdom) have a political economy department rather than an economics department.
Amorphophallus titanum
Kembang bangké baksaksa atawa suweg raksaksa (Amorphophallus titanum) nyaéta salah sahiji spésiés tutuwuhan tina génus Amorphopallus. Titan arum mangrupa flora éndemik Pulo Sumatera, sumebar utamana di daérah Bengkulu jeung lampung jeung asup kana kategori rentan (vulnerable) dina daftar beureum IUCN. Kahadéan titan arum nyaéta bisa ngahsilkeun tumuwuh kembang pangbadagna; nu pangbadagna dilaporkeun geus nepi ka 3,5 méter. . Kembang ieu teu datang unggal mangsa, ngan nalika datang mangsana ieu tutuwuhan bakal ngahasilkeun kembang mekar nu spéktakulér.
Rarangkén pi-
Rarangkén pi- mangrupa salah sahiji rarangkén hareup (en:afix) pikeun ngawangun kecap-kecap rundayan dina Basa Sunda. Sacara umum rarangkén pi- ngawangun wanda kecap barang, pagawéan jeung kecap sipat.
Amorphophallus titanum
Deskripsi Kembang
Sanajan ukuran kembang bangké (Amorphophallus titanum) leuwih gedé ti batan kembang Rafflesia arnoldii, kembang bangké lain kembang panggedéna, lantaran sabenerna ieu kembang diwangun tina rébuan kembang leutik nu tumueuh dina batang nu sarua. Kembang bangké lain kembang tunggal, ngan asup kana jenis kembang majemuk (inflorescence). Bagian ngajulang (tongkol atawa spadix) dina ieu kembang sabenerna diwangun tina koloni kembang leutik. Sanajan sarua pada bau bangké, kembang bangké béda jeung rafflesia, boh dina klasifikasi biologis, warna, cara hirup jeung siklus hirupna.
Rarangkén pi-
Rarangkén pi- teu ngalaman parobahan sora (en:alomorf) kawas rarangkén N- atawa -na.
Amorphophallus titanum
Ekologi jeung Habitat
Kembang bangké umumna mangrupa tutuwuhan has dataran handap nu tumuwuh di daérah iklim tropis atawa subtropis ti kawasan Afrika Kulon nepi ka Kapuloan Pasifik, kaasup Indonésia. Kembang titan arum bisa kapanggihdi habitat leuweung tropis di Sumatera, hususna dina luhur antara 120 nepi ka 365 méter di luhur laut.
Sukanagara, Cisompét, Garut
Sukanagara nyaéta salah sahiji désa di kacamatan Cisompét, Kabupatén Garut, Propinsi Jawa Barat, Indonésia.
Bulakamba, Brebes
Bulakamba nyaéta salasahiji kacamatan di Kabupatén Brebes, Propinsi Jawa Tengah, Indonésia.
Al Mu'id
Al Mu'id nyaéta miboga harti nu Maha Malikkeun. Unggal makhluk nu diciptakeun ku Allah tangtu jeung takdirna (daya tahan jeung umur). Tapi unggal mahluk nu geus ruksak atawa nepi wates umur bakal diganti ku Allah. Malah Allah geus nyadiakeun ganti mahluk éta saacan mahluk éta nepi ajalna.Kukituna Allah nu Al Mu'id éta ngajadikeun unggal mahluk nu hirup miboga katurunan kucara ngalahirkeun budak. Allah ogé bisa nyéhatkeun mahluk anu ruksak atawa gering. Di jero diri manusa, sasatoan jeung mahluk-mahluk lainna Allah ngadeugkeun mekanisma nu tugasna menerkeun bagian-bagian jasad anu ruksak.
Dalil
Dalil ngeunaan Al Mu'id Allah firmankeun dina Surat ka 10 nyaéta surat Yunus ayat 4.
611
Taun ka-611 Maséhi dina Kalénder Grégorian.
Macan Asia Wétan
Macan Asia Wétan, ogé dipikawanoh kalawan Opat Naga Leutik Asia (Hanzi basajan: 亚洲四小龙, Hanzi tradisional: 亞洲四小龍) nunjuk ka ékonomi Hong Kong, Singapura, Koréa Kidul, sarta Taiwan. Wewengkon-wewengkon sarta nagara kasebut ngajaga pertumbuhan ékonomi anu luhur sarta industrialisasi anu gancang antara mimiti 1960-an sarta 1990-an.
Kasang tukang
Sawatara nagara ieu mibanda kakayaan anu satingkat kalawan nagara-nagara Afrika dina 1960-an di mana nagara-nagara Afrika relatif henteu ngalaman kamajuan saprak waktu éta, konci béda kaasup usaha mimiti ti atikan sarta aksés fisik ka pasar dunya (dina infrastruktur transportasi).
Saluyu kalawan wayah isitilah macan geus jadi sinonim kalawan nagara-nagara anu ngahontal pertumbuhan luhur kalawan ngayakeun strategi perdagangan anu disurungkeun-ékspor. ka dieunakeun, nagara-nagara Asia Tenggara kawas Indonésia, Malaysia, Filipina, sarta Thailand mindeng kali geus dianggap minangka Macan. Istilah ieu ogé henteu kawates ka nagara-nagara di Asia; Di Éropa Republik Irlandia geus disebut macan Keltik alatan pertumbuhannya anu gancang dina 1990-an, sedengkeun Estonia dipikawanoh minangka macan Baltik alatan pertumbuhannya anu gancang, sedengkeun Chili geus dianggap minangka macan Amérika Latin alatan kawijakan ékonomina anu solid sarta pertumbuhan éksporna anu gancang saprak 1980-an.
Karakteristik ékonomi para Macan
Macan Asia Wétan ngudag pengembangan ékonomi disurungkeun-ékspor; wewengkon-wewengkon sarta nagara-nagara ieu memfokuskan pengembangan barang pikeun ékspor ka nagara industri-maju. Konsumsi domestik diwatesan ngaliwatan kawijakan pamaréntah kawas harga luhur.
Sapeng, Seunagan Timur, Nagan Raya
Sapeng nyaéta salah sahiji Gampong di kacamatan Seunagan Timur, Kabupatén Nagan Raya, Propinsi Acéh, Indonésia.
Macan Asia Wétan
Karakteristik ékonomi para Macan
Macan Asia Wétan mementingkan atikan minangka cara ngaronjatkeun produktivitas; nagara-nagara ieu memusatkan dina kanaékan sistem atikan di sakumna tingkatan; mastikeun sakumna barudak ngaluuhan atikan dasar sarta sakola tengahan umum. Duit ogé dipaké pikeun ngaronjatkeun sistem kolese sarta universitas.
Sapeng, Seunagan Timur, Nagan Raya
Sapeng, Seunagan Timur, Nagan Raya
Pasar III Natal, Natal, Mandailing Natal
Pasar III Natal nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Natal, Kabupatén Mandailing Natal, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.