cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Lift
Lift adalah angkutan transportasi vertikal yang digunakan untuk mengangkut orang atau barang. Lift umumnya digunakan di gedung-gedung bertingkat tinggi; biasanya lebih dari tiga atau empat lantai. Gedung-gedung yang lebih rendah biasanya hanya mempunyai tangga atau eskalator. Lift-lift pada zaman modérn mempunyai tombol-tombol yang dapat dipilih penumpangnya sesuai lantai tujuan mereka.
Sejarah dan alur waktu
Lift awalnya adalah derek yang terbuat dari tali. Pada taun 1853, Elisha Graves Otis, salah séorang pionir dalam bidang lift, memperkenalkan lift yang menghindarkan jatuhnya ruang lift jika kabelnya putus. Rancangannya mirip dengan suatu jenis mekanisme kéamanan yang masih digunakan hingga kini.
846 SM
846 SM nyaéta taun ka-846 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
845 SM
845 SM nyaéta taun ka-845 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Saloo, Ulu Moro'o, Nias Kulon
Saloo nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Ulu Moro'o, Kabupatén Nias Kulon, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Hilisangawola, Ulu Moro'o, Nias Kulon
Hilisangawola nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Ulu Moro'o, Kabupatén Nias Kulon, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Bumblebee
Bumblebee mangrupa nami keur salah sahiji karakter fiksi tina serial The Transformers. Dirina mangrupa salah sahiji anggota tim Autobots pimpinan Optimus Prime. Bumblebee janten salah sahiji karakter seri Transformers anu paling dikenal ku masyarakat dunia salian ti Optimus Prime atanapi Megatron.
Dina seri Transformers G1 Bumblebee tiasa robih janten mobil VW Beetle, samentara dina seri Transformers film 2007 jeung 2009 modél Bumblebee nyaéta mobil Chevrolet Camaro edisi 1976/2009.
Dina serial Transformers: Animated, Bumblebee tiasa robih janten mobil polisi koneng anu mirip Toyota Yaris.
Tumbu luar
Figurer i Transformers
Nicolas Hülkenberg
Nicolas Hulkenberg (babar di Emmerich am Rhein, Jerman kaping 19 Agustus 1987) mangrupa saorang pembalap Formula 1 anu asalna ti Jerman. Ayeuna anjeunna ngagabung sareng tim Williams-Cosworth.
849 SM
849 SM nyaéta taun ka-849 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Nicolas Hülkenberg
Sateuacan lebet ka F1, Hulkenberg mangrupa saorang pembalap junior anu sukses. Dirina pernah janten juara GP2 musim 2009, juara umum A1GP musim 2006-07, jeung juara F3 Euroseries di taun 2008.
Manajer Nico Hulkenberg anu ayeuna nyaéta tilas manajer Michael Schumacher, Willi Weber. Hulkenberg bakal berpasangan sareng pembalap senior Rubens Barrichello di F1 musim 2010.
848 SM
848 SM nyaéta taun ka-848 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
7 April
7 April nyaéta poé ka-97 dina sataun (ka-98 dina taun kabisat) dina kalénder Gregorian, sésana 268 poé.
Dursala
Dursala (atawa Dusala atawa Dussala) nyaéta ngaran saurang inohong dina wiracarita Mahabarata nyaéta adina Duryodana, pamingpin para Kurawa. Manéhna mangrupa hiji-hijina awéwé di antara anak-anakna Drétarata jeung Gandari.
Dina pawayangan Sunda jeung Jawa, Dursala mangrupa saurang lalaki, nyaéta anakna Dursasana. Sedengkeun ngaran adi awéwé Duryudana vérsi Sunda jeung Jawa mah nyaéta Dursilawati
Silsilah Vérsi Mahabharata
Dina Mahabarata, Dursala mangrupa anak awéwé ti pasangan Dréstarata jeung Gandari. Manéhna mibanda saratus lanceuk lalaki, anu kakabéhanana kawentar ku sebutan para Kurawa. Sajaba ti éta, Dursala ogé mibanda baraya anu lahir ti selir nu ngaranna Yuyutsu.
Dursala ngadahup ka Jayadrata raja Karajaan Sindu sarta Karajaan Sauwira. Ti kawinan kasebut, lahir saurang anak nu dingaranan Surata. Jayadrata sorangan tiwas dina perang Baratayuda ku leungeun Arjuna. Sawatara taun sanggeus perang lekasan, incu Surata sempet tarung jeung Arjuna sabot Arjuna ménta upeti ti Karajaan Sindu dina raraga upacara Aswaméda anu diayakeun ku Yudistira.
Pancakaki Dursilawati
Dina vérsi pawayangan Sunda jeung Jawa, adi awéwé para Kurawa anu kawin jeung Jayadrata ngaranna Dursilawati. Manéhna mibanda tabéat goréng nyaéta resep ngaheureuyan lalaki gandang, di antarana Arjuna, misanna sorangan.
Mimitina Jayadrata datang ka Karajaan Astina pikeun guguru élmu pamaréntahan ka Pandu, bapana para Pandawa. Tapi alatan Pandu geus maot, Sangkuni usaha narik Jayadrata pikeun jadi balad Kurawa. di antarana manéhna ngagunakeun kageulisan Dursilawati pikeun narik haté Jayadrata.
Jayadrata katarik atina sarta daék kawin jeung Dursilawati. Tapi nyanghareupan poé kawinan, Dursilawati leungit diculik ku hiji gajah bodas. Arjuna mantuan Jayadrata nimukeun Dursilawati sarta maéhan gajah kasebut.
Jayadrata jeung Dursilawati boga dua urang anak nu dingaranan Kartiwindu jeung Antisura. Kartiwindu saprak leutik diangkat anak ku Sangkuni. Dina perang Baratayuda Kartiwindu kabur ti médan perang mangsa kakuatan pihak Kurawa beuki ngipisan.
Antisura mah leutik kénéh sabot perang lumangsung téh. Manéhna meunangkeun pangampunan sarta ditarima jadi perwira Karajaan Astina dina mangsa pamaréntahan Parikesit, incu Arjuna. Antisura kawentar songong sarta resep ngagulkeun diri sorangan. Balukarna, hubungan manéhna jeung para perwira séjénna anu masih katurunan Pandawa kurang alus.
Dua anak Dursilawati, nyaéta Kartiwindu jeung Antisura jadi karaman dina pamaréntahan Parikesit. Kartiwindu ngarusak katingtriman Astina ti luar, sedengkeun Antisura ti jero kadaton.
Dursilawati sorangan tilar dunya mangsa perang Baratayuda lumangsung alatan nyawana dicabut ku Batara Basa minangka tumbal pikeun kameunang pihak Kurawa, hususna Jayadrata. Minangka buktina nyaéta kajayaan Kurawa dina poé ka-13 maéhan Abimanyu, anakna Arjuna.
Dursala vérsi Sunda jeung Jawa
Dina pawayangan Sunda jeung Jawa, Dursala nyaéta ngaran hiji lalaki, nyaéta anakna Dursasana, Kurawa nu kadua. Dina kalimah séjén, Dursala vérsi Sunda jeung Jawa nyaéta alona Dursilawati.
Di antara para Kurawa, Dursala nyaéta anu pangsaktina. Manéhna mibanda aji pangabaran anu bisa ngalumpuhkan kasaktian musuh. Dursala saterusna mingpin serangan pikeun ngarebut Karajaan Amarta jeung maéhan para Pandawa. Dina serangan kasebut, manéhna hasil ngéléhkeun Gatotkaca, anakna Bimasena, Pandawa nu kadua.
Gatotkaca ahirna hasil ngéléhkeun Dursala sanggeus manéhna meunangkeun élmu kasaktian anyar nu ngaranna aji narantaka anu diajarkeun ku Arya Seta, hiji pangéran ti Karajaan Wirata. Dina perang tanding kasebut, Dursala tungtungna tiwas ku leungeun Gatotkaca.
Al 'Alaq
Surah Al 'Alaq (basa Arab:العلق, "Sagumpal Getih") nyaéta surah ka-96 dina al Qur'an. Surah ieu diwangun ku 19 ayat sarta kaasup golongan surah-surah Makkiyah. Ayat 1 nepi ka 5 ti surah ieu téh ayat-ayat Al Quran anu munggaran diturunkeun, nyaéta waktu Nabi Muhammad nyepi di guha Hiro. Surah ieu dingaranan Al 'Alaq (sagumpal getih), dicokot tina kecap "Alaq" anu aya dina ayat ka-2 surat ieu. Surat ieu dingaranan ogé Iqro atawa Al Qolam.
Poko-poko eusi
Paréntah maca Al Quran; manusa dijadikeun tina sagumpal getih; Alloh ngajadikeun qolam minangka pakakas pikeun ngamekarkeun pangaweruh; manusa narindak ngaleuwihan wates alatan ngarasa dirina sarwa cukup; anceman Alloh ka jalma-jalma kapir anu ngahalangan kaum muslimin ngalaksanakeun paréntah mantenNa.
Surat Al 'Alaq ngajelaskeun yén Alloh nyiptakeun manusa tina barang anu hina satuluyna ngamuliakeunana ku cara ngajar maca, nulis sarta maparin pangaweruh. Tapi manusa henteu inget deui kana asalna, alatan éta maranéhna henteu sukur kana nikmat Alloh éta, malah maranéhna ninindak ngaleuwihan wates alatan nempo dirina geus ngarasa sarwa cukup.
850 SM
850 SM nyaéta taun ka-850 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Bruno Senna
Bruno Senna Lalli (babar 15 Oktober 1983 di Sao Paulo, Brazil) mangrupa saorang pembalap Formula 1 anu asalna ti Brazil. Ayeuna anjeunna ngagabung sareng tim Campos Grand Prix. Senna mangrupa kaponakan ti pembalap F1 legendaris Brazil, Ayrton Senna anu tilar dunya di San Marino taun 1994.
Moméntum
Dina fisika, moméntum (dina hijian SI kg·m/s, atawa, nu satara, N·s) mangrupa hasil pakalian massa jeung laju hiji obyék (p=mv). Inyana kalan-kalan disebut salaku moméntum liniér pikeun ngabédakeun jeung jejer nu pakait ngeunaan moméntum sudut atawa moméntum puter. Moméntum liniér mangrupa hiji kuantitas véktor lantaran inyana boga arah tujuan sarta gedé. Moméntum sudut mangrupa hiji kuantitas véktor palsu lantaran inyana
it gains an additional sign flip under an improper rotation. The total momentum of any group of objects remains the same unless outside forces act on the objects (law of conservation of momentum).
Momentum is a conserved quantity, méaning that the total momentum of any closed system (one not affected by external forces) cannot change. This concept is extended in the second law of thermodynamics and special relativity.
History of the concept
The word for the general concept of mōmentum was used in the Roman Republic primarily to méan "a movement, motion (as an indwelling force ...)." A fish was able to change velocity (velocitas) through the mōmentum of its tail. The word is formed by an accretion of suffices on the stem of Latin movēre, "to move." A movi-men- is the result of the movēre just as frag-men- is the result of frangere, "to break." Extension by -to- obtains mōvimentum and fragmentum, the former contracting to mōmentum.
8 April
8 April nyaéta poé ka-98 dina sataun (ka-99 dina taun kabisat) dina kalénder Gregorian, sésana 267 poé.
Moméntum
History of the concept
The concept of momentum in classical mechanics was originated by a number of gréat thinkers and experimentalists. The first of these was Ibn Sina (Avicenna) circa 1000, who referred to impetus as proportional to weight times velocity. René Descartes later referred to mass times velocity as the fundamental force of motion. Galileo in his Two New Sciences used the Italian word "impeto."
The question has been much debated as to what Sir Isaac Newton's contribution to the concept was. Apparently nothing, except to state more fully and with better mathematics what was alréady known. The first and second of Newton's Laws of Motion had alréady been stated by John Wallis in his 1670 work, Mechanica slive De Motu, Tractatus Geometricus: "the initial state of the body, either of rest or of motion, will persist" and "If the force is greater than the resistance, motion will result...." Wallis uses momentum and vis for force.
Newton's "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy" when it first came out in 1686 showed a similar casting around for words to use for the mathematical momentum. His Definition II defines quantitas motus, "quantity of motion," as "arising from the velocity and quantity of matter conjointly", which identifies it as momentum. Thus when in Law II he refers to mutatio motus, "change of motion," being proportional to the force impressed, he is generally taken to méan momentum and not motion.
It remained only to assign a standard term to the quantity of motion. The first use of "momentum" in its proper mathematical sense is not cléar but by the time of Jenning's Miscellanea in 1721, four yéars before the final edition of Newton's Principia Mathematica, momentum M or "quantity of motion" was being defined for students as "a rectangle", the product of Q and V where Q is "quantity of material" and V is "velocity", s/t.
Linear momentum of a particle
If an object is moving in any reference frame, then it has momentum in that frame. It is important to note that momentum is frame dependent. That is, the same object may have a certain momentum in one frame of reference, but a different amount in another frame. For example, a moving object has momentum in a reference frame fixed to a spot on the ground, while at the same time having 0 momentum in a reference frame attached to the object's center of mass.
The amount of momentum that an object has depends on two physical quantities: the mass and the velocity of the moving object in the frame of reference. In physics, the usual symbol for momentum is a small bold p (bold because it is a vector); so this can be written:
where:
Example: a modél airplane of 1 kg travelling due north at 1 m/s in straight and level flight has a momentum of 1 kg m/s due north méasured from the ground. To the dummy pilot in the cockpit it has a velocity and momentum of zero.
According to Newton's second law the rate of change of the momentum of a particle is proportional to the resultant force acting on the particle and is in the direction of that force. In the case of constant mass, and velocities much less than the speed of light, this definition results in the equation
or just simply where F is understood to be the resultant.
Example: a modél airplane of 1 kg accelerates from rest to a velocity of 1 m/s due north in 1 sec. The thrust required to produce this acceleration is 1 newton. The change in momentum is 1 kg m/s. To the dummy pilot in the cockpit there is no change of momentum. Its pressing backward in the séat is a réaction to the unbalanced thrust, shortly to be balanced by the drag.
Relating to mass and velocity
The linéar momentum of a system of particles is the vector sum of the momenta of all the individual objects in the system.
where
where:
Relating to force- General equations of motion
The linéar momentum of a system of particles can also be defined as the product of the total mass \ M of the system times the velocity of the center of mass
This is commonly known as Newton's second law.
For a more general derivation using tensors, we consider a moving body (see Figure), assumed as a continuum, occupying a volume \ V at a time \ t, having a surface aréa \ S, with defined traction or surface forces \ T_i^{(n)} acting on every point of the body surface, body forces \ F_i per unit of volume on every point within the volume \ V, and a velocity field \ v_i prescribed throughout the body. Following the previous equation, The linéar momentum of the system is:
By definition the stress vector is, then
Using the Gauss's divergency theorem to convert a surface integral to a volume integral gives
For an arbitrary volume the integrand itself must be zero, and we have the Cauchy's equation of motion
If a system is in equilibrium, the change in momentum with respect to time is equal to 0, as there is no acceleration.
or using tensors,
These are the equilibrium equations which are used in solid mechanics for solving problems of linear elasticity. In engineering notation, the equilibrium equations are expressed in Cartesian coordinates as
Conservation of linear momentum
The law of conservation of linéar momentum is a fundamental law of nature, and it states that the total momentum of a closed system of objects (which has no interactions with external agents) is constant. One of the consequences of this is that the center of mass of any system of objects will always continue with the same velocity unless acted on by a force from outside the system.
In an isolated system (one where external forces are absent) the total momentum will be constant: this is implied by Newton's first law of motion. Newton's third law of motion, the law of reciprocal actions, which dictates that the forces acting between systems are equal in magnitude, but opposite in sign, is due to the conservation of momentum.
Since position in space is a vector quantity, momentum (being the canonical conjugate of position) is a vector quantity as well - it has direction. Thus, when a gun is fired, the final total momentum of the system (the gun and the bullet) is the vector sum of the momenta of these two objects. Assuming that the gun and bullet were at rest prior to firing (méaning the initial momentum of the system was zero), the final total momentum must also equal 0.
In an isolated system with only two objects, the change in momentum of one object must be equal and opposite to the change in momentum of the other object. Mathematically,
Momentum has the special property that, in a closed system, it is always conserved, even in collisions and separations caused by explosive forces. Kinetic energy, on the other hand, is not conserved in collisions if they are inelastic. Since momentum is conserved it can be used to calculate an unknown velocity following a collision or a separation if all the other masses and velocities are known.
A common problem in physics that requires the use of this fact is the collision of two particles. Since momentum is always conserved, the sum of the momenta before the collision must equal the sum of the momenta after the collision: where:
Usually, we either only know the velocities before or after a collision and would like to also find out the opposite. Correctly solving this problem méans you have to know what kind of collision took place. There are two basic kinds of collisions, both of which conserve momentum:
Elastic collisions
A collision between two Pool balls is a good example of an almost totally elastic collision; a totally elastic collision exists only in théory. In addition to momentum being conserved when the two balls collide, the sum of kinetic energy before a collision must equal the sum of kinetic energy after:
Since the 1/2 factor is common to all the terms, it can be taken out right away.
Head-on collision (1 dimensional)
In the case of two objects colliding héad on we find that the final velocity
Special Case: m1>>m2
Now consider the case when the mass of one body, say m1, is far gréater than that of the other, m2 (m1>>m2). In that case m1+m2 is approximately equal to m1 and m1-m2 is approximately equal to m1.
Using these approximations, the above formula for reduces to. Its physical interpretation is that in the case of a collision between two bodies, one of which is much more massive than the other, the lighter body ends up moving in the opposite direction with twice the original speed of the more massive body.
Special Case: m1=m2
Another special case is when the collision is between two bodies of equal mass.
Say body m1 moving at velocity v1 strikes body m2 that is at rest (v2). Putting this case in the equation derived above we will see that after the collision, the body that was moving (m1) will start moving with velocity v2 and the mass m2 will start moving with velocity v1. So there will be an exchange of velocities.
Now suppose one of the masses, say m2, was at rest. In that case after the collision the moving body, m1, will come to rest and the body that was at rest, m2, will start moving with the velocity that m1 had before the collision.
Note that all of these observations are for an elastic collision.
Multi-dimensional collisions
In the case of objects colliding in more than one dimension, as in oblique collisions, the velocity is resolved into orthogonal components with one component perpendicular to the plane of collision and the other component or components in the plane of collision. The velocity components in the plane of collision remain unchanged, while the velocity perpendicular to the plane of collision is calculated in the same way as the one-dimensional case.
Hilibadalu, Ulu Moro'o, Nias Kulon
Hilibadalu nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Ulu Moro'o, Kabupatén Nias Kulon, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Moméntum
Multi-dimensional collisions
See the elastic collision page for more details. x=2a
Inelastic collisions
A common example of a perfectly inelastic collision is when two snowballs collide and then stick together afterwards. This equation describes the conservation of momentum: It can be shown that a perfectly inelastic collision is one in which the maximum amount of kinetic energy is converted into other forms. For instance, if both objects stick together after the collision and move with a final common velocity, one can always find a reference frame in which the objects are brought to rest by the collision and 100% of the kinetic energy is converted. This is true even in the relativistic case and utilized in particle accelerators to efficiently convert kinetic energy into new forms of mass-energy (i.e. to créate massive particles).
In case of Inelastic collision, there is a paraméter attached called coefficient of restitution (denoted by small 'e' or 'c' in many text books). It is defined as the ratio of relative velocity of separation to relative velocity of approach. It is a ratio hence it is a dimensionless quantity.
When we have an elastic collision the value of e (= coefficient of restitution) is 1, i.e. the relative velocity of approach is same as the relative velocity of separation of the colliding bodies. In an elastic collision the Kinetic energy of the system is conserved.
When a collision is not elastic (e<1) it is an inelastic collision. In case of a perfectly inelastic collision the relative velocity of separation of the centre of masses of the colliding bodies is 0. Hence after collision the bodies stick together after collision. In case of an inelastic collision the loss of Kinetic energy is maximum as stated above.
In all types of collision if no external force is acting on the system of colliding bodies, the momentum will always be preserved.
Explosions
An explosion occurs when an object is divided into two or more fragments due to a reléase of energy. Note that kinetic energy in a system of explosion is not conserved because it involves energy transformation. (i.e. kinetic energy changes into héat and sound energy)
http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/phys/Class/momentum/u4l2e.html
In the exploding cannon demonstration, total system momentum is conserved. The system consists of two objects - a cannon and a tennis ball. Before the explosion, the total momentum of the system is zero since the cannon and the tennis ball located inside of it are both at rest. After the explosion, the total momentum of the system must still be zero. If the ball acquires 50 units of forward momentum, then the cannon acquires 50 units of backwards momentum. The vector sum of the individual momenta of the two objects is 0. Total system momentum is conserved.
Momentum in relativistic mechanics
In relativistic mechanics, in order to be conserved, momentum must be defined as:
where
Relativistic momentum can also be written as invariant mass times the object's proper velocity, defined as the rate of change of object position in the observer frame with respect to time elapsed on object clocks (i.e. object proper time). Relativistic momentum becomes Newtonian momentum: m\mathbf{v} at low speed.
Relativistic four-momentum as proposed by Albert Einstein arises from the invariance of four-vectors under Lorentzian translation. The four-momentum is defined as:
852 SM
852 SM nyaéta taun ka-852 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Moméntum
Momentum in relativistic mechanics
The "length" of the vector is the mass times the speed of light, which is invariant across all reference frames:
Momentum of massless objects
Objects without a rest mass, such as photons, also carry momentum. The formula is: where
Generalization of momentum
Momentum in quantum mechanics
In quantum mechanics, momentum is defined as an operator on the wave function. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle defines limits on how accurately the momentum and position of a single observable system can be known at once. In quantum mechanics, position and momentum are conjugate variables.
For a single particle with no electric charge and no spin, the momentum operator can be written in the position basis as
where:
This is a commonly encountered form of the momentum operator, though not the most general one.
Momentum in electromagnetism
Electric and magnetic fields possess momentum regardless of whether they are static or they change in time. It is a gréat surprise for freshmen who are introduced to the well known fact of the pressure {P} of an electrostatic (magnetostatic) field upon a metal sphere, cylindrical capacity or ferromagnetic bar: where { W}, {\mathbf E}, {\mathbf B}, are electromagnetic energy density, electric and magnetic fields respectively. The electromagnetic pressure {P}={W} may be sufficiently high to explode capacity. Thus electric and magnetic fields do carry momentum.
Light (visible, UV, radio) is an electromagnetic wave and also has momentum. Even though photons (the particle aspect of light) have no mass, they still carry momentum. This léads to applications such as the solar sail.
Momentum is conserved in an electrodynamic system (it may change from momentum in the fields to mechanical momentum of moving parts). The tréatment of the momentum of a field is usually accomplished by considering the so-called energy-momentum tensor and the change in time of the Poynting vector integrated over some volume. This is a tensor field which has components related to the energy density and the momentum density.
The definition canonical momentum corresponding to the momentum operator of quantum mechanics when it interacts with the electromagnetic field is, using the principle of least coupling: instéad of the customary where:
851 SM
851 SM nyaéta taun ka-851 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Pasar Baru, Medan Kota, Medan
Pasar Baru nyaéta salah sahiji Kalurahan di kacamatan Medan Kota, Kota Medan, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Prasasti Rumatak
Prasasti Rumatak atawa Gegerhanjuang nyaéta prasasti anu asalna ti kabuyutan pasir Gegerhanjuang, Linggawangi, Singaparna. Ieu prasasti ukur ngawengku tilu baris tulisan pondok maké aksara Jawa Kuna. Di Musieum Pusat ieu prasasti dinomeran D26.
Eusi
Kalengkepan titimangsa dina ieu prasasti bisa disandingkeun jeung prasasti Cibadak, Danasasmita boga kacindekan yén ieu prasasti aya patalina jeung Sri Jayabupati. Ayana sebutan 'Batari Hyang' nunjukkeun yén ieu prasasti téh patali jeung istri, nu ceuk Danasasmita mah sigana putra cikal Jayabupati anu teu bisa jadi raja alatan manéhna awéwé. Antukna, éta putra cikal téh jadi batara (batari) anu boga kalungguhan teu éléh luhur dina kahirupan urang Sunda harita.
853 SM
853 SM nyaéta taun ka-853 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Arjuna
Arjuna (Basa Sangsakerta अर्जुन; Arjun; Arjuna), nyaéta salah sahiji tokoh protagonis dina wiracarita Mahabarata, ogé loba dicaritakeun dina pawayangan. Arj una téh putra panengah Pandawa, ti Déwi Kunti mah katilu da Nakula sareng Sadéwa mah putra ti Déwi Madrim. Anjeunna kagungan putra diantawisna Abimanyu sareng Irawan. Anjeunna parantos dikantun pupus ku ramana nalika alit kénéh. Nami ramana Pandu Déwanata
855 SM
855 SM nyaéta taun ka-855 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
854 SM
854 SM nyaéta taun ka-854 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Pusat Pasar, Medan Kota, Medan
Pusat Pasar nyaéta salah sahiji Kalurahan di kacamatan Medan Kota, Kota Medan, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Daptar paguron luhur kadinesan di Indonésia
Daptar di handap ieu nyaéta daptar paguron luhur kadinesan di Indonésia, nu disusun nurutkeun ngaran departemén/kamenterian/LPND nu ngabinana.
Power Metal
Power Metal nyaéta band aliran Heavy metal anu asalna ti Indonesia, Power Metal mimiti dijieun kalayan ngaran Power Band kalayan formasi mimiti Totty M. (vokal), Ipunk (gitar), Pras Hadi (bass), Raymond (keyboard), sarta Mugix (drum). Tapi formasi kasebut robah kalayan digantikeunana posisi vokal ku Pungky Déaz sarta bass ku Hendix Sanada sarta sajaba ti éta ngaran Band-na ogé robah jadi Power Metal.
Kasang Tukang
Saméméh nyukcruk dunya rékaman, dina aksi panggungna grup ieu mindeng midangkeun lagu-lagu Metallica, Anthrax, Helloween, Loudness atau Yngwie Malmsteen. Tacan jangkep sataun dijieun, grup band ieu geus nunjukkeun prestasi cukup ngagumbirakeun, di antarana kalayan hasil nyabet jawara kahiji féstival Rock Rumaja sa-Jawa Timur di Lumajang (1987).
Mangsa Taun 90-an
Mangsa harita Power Metal sama sakali henteu nyangka bisa jadi jawara. Grup band anu dianggap rival pangbeuratna mangsa harita téh Andromedha (Surabaya), Kaisar (Solo) dan Roxx (Jakarta). Kameunanganana ieu sakaligus jadi mimiti lampah karier Power Metal nyorang dunya rékaman.
Tour Raksasa jeung God Bless
Minangka promotor ngarangkep produser, Log Zhelebour mémang tacan ngajangjian grup band jawara kahiji féstival Rock sa-Indonésia langsung téken kontrak rékaman albeum, kakara sawates dirékam dina albeum kompilasi 10 Finalis féstival Rock sa-Indonésia V, tapi maranéhanana dijangjikeun milu tour 10 kota, pareng mangsa harita Log nyiapkeun pagelaran Tour Rakasasa God Bless (1990).
Sajaba Power Metal, tour God Bless ieu ogé diréndéngan Elpamas sarta Mel Shandy, di tengah persiapan tour, Power Metal diririweuh ku kaluarna Pungky, tuluy dituturkeun Hendrix Sanada, hal ieu ngabalukarkeun sésa personélna tagiwur néangan vokalis sarta pamaén bass gaganti Pungky sarta Hendrix, Arul Efansyah, vokalis Big Boys ti Banjarmasin ogé dirérét.
Pamustunganana Arul anu kungsi dileler minangka The Best Vocalist di féstival Rock sa-Indonésia V ngagantikeun posisi Pungky, tinggal pamaén bassna anu tacan dipibanda, pikeun samentara tacan aya pamaén tetep, maranéhanana maké musisi tambahan, di antarana aya ngaran Roy Oracle sarta Didiet Shaksana.
Rékaman Album
Usai mengikuti tour, akhirnya tawaran rekaman datang dari Log Zhelebour, selama persiapan membuat album, Arul dkk dikarantina di sebuah vila di daerah Malang – Jawa Timur, hampir sebulan méré ka dikarantina untuk membuat lagu.
Begitu materi lagu sudah siap, méré ka kembali kelimpungan siapa yang menjadi pemain bassnya, sementara méré ka harus secepatnya masuk studio, akhirnya digaet Prass Haddy, pemain bas di band Pelni. Karena terikat dengan pekerjaan, posisinya membantu sebatas rekaman sampai album keluar. Dengan persiapan cukup matang, prosés rekaman méré ka berjalan mulus.
Lewat debut albumnya ini, Power Metal langsung melesat ke putaran orbit grup rock papan atas. méré ka mulai diperhitungkan, setidaknya popularitas Power Metal sudah sejajar dengan band seniornya alumni féstival Rock se-Indonésia, seperti Elpamas dan Grass Rock.
Album Power One mendapat sambutan menggembirakan dari rockers mania. Album ini sendiri melahirkan sejumlah hits, di antaranya Angkara, Satu Jiwa, Pengakuan dan Bayangan Dirimu. Di samping dua lagu lainnya, yakni Malapetaka dan Cita Yang Tersita.
Kesuksesan album ini membuat Power Metal diganjar penghargaan sebagai Pendatang Baru Terbaik di ajang BASF Awards 1991. Angka penjualan kaset album Power One sendiri waktu itu laku di atas 300 ribu kopi. Sebuah angka penjualan yang cukup fantastik untuk sebuah grup rock beraliran héavy metal. Sementara grup rock yang bisa menembus angka itu baru God Bless, lewat album Semut Hitam (1989).
Ngaganti Personil
Sukses album pertama, Power Metal kembali menanda-tangani kontrak untuk album kedua. Di tengah persiapan album kedua, Ipunk mengundurkan diri, dan posisinya digantikan Lucky Setyo W, gitaris Andromedha Rock Band yang juga The best guitaris di féstival Rock se-Indonésia V. juga masuknya Freddy Rossy menggantikan posisi Prass Haddy pada bas,Album kedua berjudul Power Mission dirilis pada taun 1992, diikuti album Power Demons (1993), Serigala (1995), dan Pesta Dansa (1996).
Perobahan personel terjadi lagi. Raymond dan Mugix mundur. Sementara itu Power Metal harus dikejar target menyiapkan album baru lagi. Untuk mengisi kekosongan itu, akhirnya ditariklah Ekko Dinaya (drummer) dan James Ireng (kibor). Album Péace,Love & War (1998) dirilis. Sayang, album ini lagi-lagi kurang mujur di pasaran walau secara musikalitas bagus.
Mangsa Sanggeus 90-an
Pada taun 2005, album ke-8 berjudul Kebesaran-Mu bérédar. Hits-hits andalan di album tersebut antara lain, Lagu Kebébasan, Srigala Malam dan lagu religi yang bertajuk KebesaranMu.
Kungsi Leungiteun Arul Efansyah
Setelah merilis album KebesaranMu, Power Metal sempat kembali vakum dari panggung musik rock, sehingga, Arul Efansyah kembali ke kampung halamannya di Banjarmasin. Kawan-kawannya di Power Metal kehilangan kontak dengan Arul sehingga akhirnya membuat méré ka berinisiatif mencari dan mencoba-coba beberapa vokalis baru, tapi tak lama, salah séorang penggemar Power Metal berangkat ke Banjarmasin dan berhasil menemui Arul, di medio akhir 2009, Arul kembali ke Jakarta untuk bergabung lagi dengan Power Metal yang saat itu telah mengalami pergantian personel, posisi keyboardist di-handle Sastro Adi yang juga additional band Blackout, dan pada bassist yang dibetot oleh Sababa ato biasa di panggil Baba. Ia jebolan féstival musik di kota Gresik Jawa Timur.
Formasi jeung Personél
1986-1988 :
1988-1989 :
1989-1991 :
1991-1996 :
1996-2000 :
2000-2005 :
2005-sekarang :
Pandau Hulu I, Medan Kota, Medan
Pandau Hulu I nyaéta salah sahiji Kalurahan di kacamatan Medan Kota, Kota Medan, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
857 SM
857 SM nyaéta taun ka-857 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Anjing
Anjing (Canis lupus familiaris) nyaéta subspésiés doméstikasi ajag/srigala hawuk (grey wolf), mamalia ti kulawarga Canidae ordo Carnivora. Istilah ieu nujul boh ka nu liar atawa nu diingu sarta kadang dipaké pikeun anjing liar ti subspésiés atawa spésiés séjén. Anjing doméstik dalit jeung manusa, boh keur diala gawéna atawa pikeun kalangenan, jeung—pikeun sababaraha masarakat—pikeun didahar. Di sakuliah jagat, kira-kira aya 400 juta anjing.
Kiwari, anjing geus mekar jadi ratusan turunan. Jangkungna (diukur nepi ka tonggong) aya nu ukur sababaraha inci (anjing Chihuahua), tapi aya ogé anu nepi ka sababaraha kaki (Irish Wolfhound); kelirna aya nu bodas, aya ogé nu hideung lestreng; sedengkeun buluna ti nu pondok pisan nepi ka sababaraha sénti, ti nu lempeng nepi ka nu galing.
Taksonomi
Anjing mimitina diasupkeun kana Canis familiaris jeung "Canis familiarus domesticus" ku Linnaeus taun 1758. Taun 1993, anjing diklasifikasi ulang jadi subspésiés srigala hawuk, Canis lupus, ku Smithsonian Institution jeung American Society of Mammalogists.
10 April
10 April nyaéta poé ka-100 dina sataun (ka-101 dina taun kabisat) dina kalénder Gregorian, sésana 265 poé.
Anjing
Asal-usul
Dumasar kana bukti DNA, karuhun anjing misah ti srigala lianna kira 100.000 taun ka tukang, sarta mimiti diingu tina srigala hawuk kira 15.000 taun ka tukang. Ku kituna, anjing téh jadi spésiés munggaran anu didoméstikasi ku manusa.
Bukti nu aya nunjukkeun yén anjing téh munggaran didoméstikasi di Asia Wétan, sigana di Cina, sedengkeun nu aya di Amérika Kalér mah istuning bawaan ti Asia.
Nuturkeun ngumbarana manusa ka sakuliah dunya, anjing lahir jadi rupa-rupa. Révolusi tatanén jeung masarakatna lajeng ngadorong tumuwuhna populasi anjing sarta lahirna kabutuh kana anjing anu boga kabisa husus. Kaayaan ieu ngadorong ayana kawin seléktif ngarah ngahasilkeun anjing anu boga kabisa.
Katurunan jeung sajarah doméstikasi
<!-- Molecular systematics indicate that the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) descends from one or more populations of wild wolves (Canis lupus). As reflected in the nomenclature, dogs are descended from the wolf and are able to interbreed with wolves.
The relationship between human and canine has deep roots. Converging archaeological and genetic evidence indicate a time of domestication in the late Upper Paleolithic close to the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary, between 17,000 and 14,000 years ago. Fossil bone morphologies and genetic analysis of current and ancient dog and wolf populations have not yet been able to conclusively determine whether all dogs descend from a single domestication event, or whether dogs were domesticated independently in more than one location. Domesticated dogs may have interbred with local populations of wild wolves on several occasions (a process known in genetics as introgression).
The earliest dog fossils, two crania from Russia and a mandible from Germany, date from 13,000 to 17,000 years ago. Their likely ancestor is the large northern Holarctic wolf, Canis lupus lupus. Remains of smaller dogs from Mesolithic (Natufian) cave deposits in the Middle East, dated to around 12,000 years ago, have been interpreted as descendants of a lighter Southwest Asian wolf, Canis lupus Arabs. Rock art and skeletal remains indicate that by 14,000 years ago, dogs were present from North Africa across Eurasia to North America. Dog burials at the Mesolithic cemetery of Svaerdborg in Denmark suggest that in ancient Europe dogs were valued companions.
Genetic analyses have so far yielded divergent results. Vilà, Savolainen, and colleagues (1997) concluded that the ancestors of dogs split off from other wolves between 75,000 and 135,000 years ago, while a subsequent analysis by Savolainen et al. (2002) indicated a "common origin from a single gene pool for all dog populations" between 40,000 and 15,000 years ago in East Asia. Verginelli et al. (2005), however, suggest both sets of dates must be reevaluated in light of recent findings showing that poorly calibrated molecular clocks have systematically overestimated the age of geologically recent events. On balance, and in agreement with the archaeological evidence, 15,000 years ago is the most likely time for the wolf-dog divergence.
The Soviets have attempted to domesticate the fox, mentioned in the article Tame Silver Fox, and were able to do so in just nine generations, or less than a human lifetime. This also resulted in other changes, including color, which became black, white, or black and white. They also developed year-round breeding ability, curled-up tails, and droopy ears.
The rapidity of this change has suggested to researchers a scenario of the origin of the domestic dog. Primitive people lived on the edge of survival which involved occasional food shortages, and would not have taken wolf pups and made pets of them. However, wolves would raid garbage dumps near human habitations. Wolves have a flight distance which they keep between themselves and a threatening creature. When a dump was approached by humans, some wolves would run a greater distance from the dump than others. Those that ran the shortest distance would return first, and obtain the greatest amount of food.
Telkom-3
Telkom-3 mangrupa satelit komunikasi Indonesia  anu leungit alatan kagagalan ngapung dina tanggal 6 Agustus 2012. Diwangun ku ISS Reshetnev pikeun operator télékomunikasi Indonésia PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia. Hal ieu didasarkeun kana beus Ekspress-1000 sarta ngabogaan 32 transponder C band sarta 16 transponder Ku band. Éta alatan aya di orbit geosynchronous orbit dina 118 ° BT di luhureun khatulistiwa.
Teladan Barat, Medan Kota, Medan
Teladan Barat nyaéta salah sahiji Kalurahan di kacamatan Medan Kota, Kota Medan, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Telkom-3
Ngapungkeun
Telkom-3 diapungkeun babarengan jeung Ekspress MD2 ku rokét Proton-M jeung Briz-Mbagéan luhur dina 6 Agustus 2012 jam 19:31 UTC. Satelit diapungkeun ti Lokasi Site 81/24 Baikonur Cosmodrome di Kazakhstan. Tilu tahap mimiti Proton diapungkeun luyu jeung anu diharepkeun sarta satelit anu némpél Briz-M dina bagéan luhur anu baris nransferna ka orbit géosynchronous. Briz-M ngalakonan sauntuyan opat kali kabeuleum dina tahap ngapung pikeun ngalakonan hal ieu.Kahuruan anu katilu lilana 18 menit tapi mesin ninggalkeun / ngaleupaskeun satelit sanggeus 7 detik, ninggalkeun satelit di orbit anu henteu bisa dipaké.
ISS Reshetnev produsén Telkom-3 nyalabarkeun yén satelit aya dina kontrol kalayan panel surya dipanjangan tapi moal bisa dipaké pikeun tujuan anu dimaksud sabab aya di orbit anu salah.
Balukarna
Ieu téh kagagalan paluncuran kadua disebabkeun ku Briz-M dina waktu dua belas bulan minangka Ekspress-AM4 anu leungit dina bulan Agustus 2011 alatan kasalahan komputer. Kagagalan paluncuran séjén kaasup tilu satelit GLONASS taun 2011 sarta panalungtikan Mars Fobos-Grunt. Kabéh paluncuran Proton-M  dieureunkeun sarta kabéh Briz-M ditarik balik. ieu dipicu dina krisis di industri antariksa Rusia jeung Perdana Menteri Rusia Dmitry Medvedev pokna "Kami kaleungitan otoritas sarta miliaran rubel" alatan mindeng gagal paluncuran. Medvedev mingpin gempungan ngeunaan masalah ieu dina tanggal 14 Agustus 2012 sarta présidén Vladimir Putin ngayakeun pasamoan dina masalah organisasi. Salah sahiji bongbolongan nyaéta yén Roscosmos bisa robah jadi hiji pausahaan anu sarupa jeung Rosatom.
Dina tanggal 16 Oktober 2012, Briz-M ngajelegur jadi dalapan puluh siki.
Diréktur Jenderal Khrunichev, Vladimir Nesterov, dieureunkeun ti jabatanna ku Présidén Vladimir Putin. Proton-M mimiti deui pikeun paluncuran dina tanggal 14 Oktober, mawa Intelsat 23. Ieu geus ditunda ti Agustus alatan kagagalan paluncuran.
9 April
9 April nyaéta poé ka-99 dina sataun (ka-100dina taun kabisat) dina kalénder Gregorian, sésana 266 poé.
Nu pupus
1626 – Francis Bacon, pulitisi Inggris (l. 1561)
1966 – Sutan Syahrir, PM Indonésia ka-1, Pahlawan Nasional (l. 1909)
860 SM
860 SM nyaéta taun ka-860 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Anjing
Katurunan jeung sajarah doméstikasi
This set up a selective breeding situation that resulted in a strain of wolves having shorter and shorter flight distances, until they were eventually comfortable near humans, having domesticated themselves, so to speak. At that point, they were tolerated by humans, so long as they were also useful, in such ways as catching rats or driving away other predators. In time, other uses, such as hunting, were found for them. The Farm Fox Experiment Evolution of Dogs
Development of dog breeds
There are numerous dog breeds, with over 800 being recognized by various kennel clubs worldwide. Many dogs, especially outside the United States of America and Western Europe, belong to no recognized breed. A few basic breed types have evolved gradually during the domesticated dog's relationship with humans over the last 10,000 or more years, but all modern breeds are of relatively recent derivation. Many of these are the product of a deliberate process of artificial selection. Because of this, some breeds are highly specialized, and there is extraordinary morphological diversity across different breeds. Despite these differences, dogs are able to distinguish dogs from other kinds of animal.
The definition of a dog breed is a matter of some controversy. Depending on the size of the original founding population, closed gene pool breeds can have problems with inbreeding, specifically due to the founder effect. Dog breeders are increasingly aware of the importance of population genetics and of maintaining diverse gene pools. Health testing and new DNA tests can help avoid problems, by providing a replacement for natural selection. Without selection, inbreeding and closed gene pools can increase the risk of severe health or behavioral problems. Some organizations define a breed more loosely, such that an individual may be considered of one breed as long as 75% of its parentage is of that breed. These considerations affect both pets and the show dogs entered in dog shows. Even prize-winning purebred dogs sometimes possess crippling genetic defects due to founder effect or inbreeding. These problems are not limited to purebred dogs and can affect cross-breed populations. The behavior and appearance of a dog of a particular breed can be predicted to a degree, while mixed-breed dogs show a broader range of innovative appearance and behavior.
Mixed-breed dogs or Mongrels (also called "mutts") are dogs that do not belong to specific breeds, being mixtures more than two in variant percentages. Mixed breed dogs and purebred dogs are both suitable as companions, pets, working dogs, or competitors in dog sports. Sometimes different breed dogs are deliberately bred, to create cross-breeds such as the Cockapoo, a mixture of Cocker Spaniel and Miniature Poodle. Such deliberate crosses may display some degree of hybrid vigor and other desirable traits, but may or may not inherit any of the desired traits of their parents, such as temperament or a particular color or coat. Without genetic testing of the parents, the crosses can end up inheriting genetic defects that occur in both parental breeds.
A breed is a group of animals that possesses a set of inherited characteristics that distinguishes it from other animals within the same species. Deliberately crossing two or more breeds is also a manner of establishing new breeds, but it is only a breed when offspring will reliably demonstrate that particular set of characteristics and qualities.
Teladan Timur, Medan Kota, Medan
Teladan Timur nyaéta salah sahiji Kalurahan di kacamatan Medan Kota, Kota Medan, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Anjing
Breed popularity
Breed popularity varies widely over time and in different parts of the world and different segments of the population. Counting by American Kennel Club (AKC) registration (not by licensing registration or by United Kennel Club (UKC) registration, which could present different statistics), the Labrador Retriever has been the United States's most commonly registered breed of dog since 1991. However, even within parts of the United States, popularity varies; for example, in 2005 the most-registered breed in New York City was the Poodle while the Yorkshire Terrier was the second-most-registered breed in Houston. However, animal shelters in many parts of the United States report that the most-commonly available dog for adoption is the American Pit Bull Terrier or pit bull-type mixes, making up as much as 20% of dogs available for adoption, none of which would be registered with the AKC. Two decades ago, in 1983, the AKC's top two registered breeds were the American Cocker Spaniel and the Poodle.