cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Paciwit-ciwit Lutung
Paciwit-ciwit lutung nyaéta kaulinan barudak sunda anu dilakukeun ku awéwé atawa lalaki, tilu urang atawa opat urang, bisa ogé leuwih pikeun barudak nu geus gedé mah. Carana siliciwit tonggong dampal leungeun, nyusun ka luhur bari ngawih paciwit-ciwit lutung nurutkeun wirahmana terus ngaluhuran nepi ka teu nepi awakna ka luhur jéjéngkéan bari seuseurian barudak ngawihkeunana suka bungah jeung babaturanana. Biasana kawih ieu dilakukeun mun barudak keur ngariung babarengan sosonoan jeung babaturan nu kakara panggih, atawa jeung babaturan nu geus lila teu panggih, bisa disebut ogé jargon salam pertemuan atawa biasa dipaké ku barudak leutik mun keur arulin di tepas imah bari dariuk atawa narangtung nu penting mah posisi awakna genaheun tur teu ngabahayakeun budak, ngawihna suka bungah bari seuseurian sakapeung mah sok dilakukeun ku barudak SD mun keur ngeusi waktu nu kosong di sakolana atawa waktu istirahat, jeung sakapeung mah budak umuran TK ogé osok ngawih jeung maénkeun ieu paciwit-ciwit lutung.
Filosofi
Ti sababaraha kaulinan barudak, kaulinan paciwit-ciwit lutung téh salah sahiji kaulinan anu paling menarik keur ditalungtik. Kaulinan ieu bener-bener aya pakuat-kaitna jeung kumaha carana sangkan barudak bisa ngendalikeun rasa jeung tenggang rasa ka babaturanna. Filosofi tina kaulinan ieu téh nyaéta unggal jalma bakal hirup dina kaayaan suka jeung duka, dina hiji mangsa aya masana uang di luhur (pangimpin) aya ogé mangsana urang di handap (rahayat). dina hiji mangsa urang pasti bakal ngalaman nu ngarana bagja jeung sedih. Dina kabagjaan jeung kasedihan éta urang teu meunang leupas ti katerkaitan batin jeung sasama manusa.Paciwit-ciwit lutung ogé ngajarkeun ka barudak leutik keur hirup babarengan boh dina kayaan bagja atawa sedih, ulah hirup sosoranganan kudu hirup babarengan.
Rumpaka
Paciwit-ciwit lutung Si lutung pindah ka luhur.
Kawih lianna :
Paciwit-ciwit lutung Si lutung pindah ka tungtung.
Kedungwungu, Anjatan, Indramayu
Kedungwungu nyaéta salasahiji désa di kacamatan Anjatan, Kabupatén Indramayu, Propinsi Jawa Barat, Indonésia.
Tebing Tinggi, Danau Kerinci, Kerinci
Tebing Tinggi nyaéta salah sahiji désa di kacamatan Danau Kerinci, Kabupatén Kerinci, Propinsi Jambi, Indonésia.
2006 LM
Ari 2006 LM mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Apollo, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.432, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 25.0. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO�102375.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
Negeri Sakti, Sungkai Kalér, Lampung Kalér
Negeri Sakti nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Sungkai Kalér, Kabupatén Lampung Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Negeri Sakti, Sungkai Utara, Lampung Utara
Cibiuk Kidul, Cibiuk, Garut
Cibiuk Kidul nyaéta salah sahiji désa di kacamatan Cibiuk, Kabupatén Garut, Propinsi Jawa Barat, Indonésia.
1991 TU
Ari 1991 TU mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Apollo, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.327, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 28.4. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO�242993.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
Kabupatén Lampung Wétan
Kabupatén Lampung Wétan nyaéta salah sahiji kabupaten di Provinsi Lampung, Indonesia. Ibukota Kabupatén Lampung Wétan aya di Sukadana. Kabupaten ieu ngagaduhan lega 2.064,4 km², anu dieusi ku 300.703 pangeusi.
Pamaréntahan Walanda
Di jaman pamaréntahan Walanda, wilayah Kabupatén Lampung Wétan mangrupa Onder Afdeling Sukadana anu dilungguhan ku hiji Controleur ti Walanda. Pelaksanaan pamaréntahan ieu dibantu ku hiji Demang pribumi. Onder Afdeling Sukadana dibagi ka sababaraha distrik anu dilungguhan ku hiji asistén Demang anu ngabantosan Demang maréntah pesirah. Masing-masing distrik di Onder Afdeling Sukadana ngagaduhan sababaraha marga, nyaéta:
Pamaréntahan Jepang
Wilayah Kabupaten Lampung Tengah pada Pemerintahan Jepang kaasup wilayah Bun Shu Metro anu kabagi dina sababaraha Bun Shu, marga, jeung kampung. Bun Shu dilungguhan ku Bun Shu Cho, marga ku marga Cho, jeung kampung dilungguhan ku képala kampung.
Kamérdekaan Indonesia
Saatos Indonésia mérdeka ogé berlakuna aturan peralihan Pasal 2 UUD 1945, Bun Shu Metro ganti ngaran jadi Kabupatén Lampung Tengah anu dilungguhan ku Bupati Burhanuddin, anu ngajabat ti taun 1945-1948. Di taun 1946-1947, jumlah marga di Kabupatén Lampung Tengah nambahan jadi dua marga, nyaéta Marga Terusan Unyai jeung Selagai Lingga.
2004 TU11
Ari 2004 TU11 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Amor, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.523, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 21.1. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO 252010.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
Kabupatén Lampung Wétan
Pamaréntahan Kabupatén Lampung Wétan
Kabupatén Lampung Wétan dibentuk numutkeun Undang-Undang No. 12 Tahun 1999 ngeunaan Pembentukan Kabupaten Daerah Tingkat II Way Kanan, Kabupaten Daerah Tingkat II Lampung Timur dan Kotamadya Daerah Tingkat II Metro, anu diresmikeun dina kaping 27 April 1999. Kabupatén Lampung Wétan ngagaduhan 10 kecamatan définitif, 13 kecamatan pembantu, sareng 232 lembur.
Batas Wilayah
Secara géografis, Kabupatén Lampung Wétan aya di posisi 105°15' - 106°20' BT, sareng 4°37' - 5°37' LS, anu ngagaduhan lega kirang leuwih 5,325.03 km², kinten-kinten 15% ti wilayah Lampung. Batas wilayah Kabupatén Lampung Wétan:
Topografi
Tina topgrafina, Kabupatén Lampung Wétan dibagi dina lima wilayah, nyaéta:
Démografi
Numutkeun data ti Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Kabupatén Lampung Wétan dina taun 2018, pangeusi di Kabupatén Lampung Wétan tiap kecamatan ditunjukkeun dina tabel di handap.
Pariwisata
Kabupatén Lampung Wétan ngagaduhan sababaraha tempat wisata, salah sahijina Taman Nasional Way Kambas. Taman Nasional Way Kambas nyaéta salah sahiji kawasan pelestarian alam anu ngagaduhan fungsi ngalindungan sababaraha spesies langka saperti tapir, gajah Sumatera, rusa sambar, kijang, maung Sumatera, ogé badak Sumatera.
Dayah Kumba, Mutiara Timur, Pidie
Dayah Kumba nyaéta salah sahiji Gampong di kacamatan Mutiara Timur, Kabupatén Pidie, Propinsi Acéh, Indonésia.
Dayah Kumba, Mutiara Timur, Pidie
SMK Nusantara 89
SMK Nusantara 89 nyaéta Sakola Menengah Kajuruan Swasta anu aya di Kabupatén Sukabumi. Alamat lengkepna di Kp. Nagrak Selatan Rt/Rw 02/01, Kalurahan/Désa Nagrak Selatan Kacamatan Nagrak, Kabupatén Sukabumi, Jawa Kulon kalawan nomer NPSN 69892682.
2016 EE27
Ari 2016 EE27 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Apollo, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.786, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 23.9. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO�370791.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
Cinderella
Cinderella nyaéta salah sahiji pilem animasi anu diproduksi ku Walt Disney jeung didistribusikeun ka bioskop ku RKO Radio Pictures pada tanggal 15 Pébruari 1950 di Amérika Sarikat.
2017 HJ49
Ari 2017 HJ49 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Apollo, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.431, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 23.1. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPEC�2017-K33.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
Arongan, Darul Hikmah, Aceh Jaya
Arongan nyaéta salah sahiji Gampong di kacamatan Darul Hikmah, Kabupatén Aceh Jaya, Propinsi Acéh, Indonésia.
Sarinembah, Munte, Karo
Sarinembah nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Munte, Kabupatén Karo, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
2016 ND56
Ari 2016 ND56 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Amor, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.423, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 23.5. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO 384700.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
2012 XR93
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
2009 WK1
Ari 2009 WK1 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Amor, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.367, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 27.2. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO 166403.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
Kopyah, Anjatan, Indramayu
Kopyah nyaéta salah sahiji désa di kacamatan Anjatan, Kabupatén Indramayu, Propinsi Jawa Barat, Indonésia.
Cipareuan, Cibiuk, Garut
Cipareuan nyaéta salah sahiji désa di kacamatan Cibiuk, Kabupatén Garut, Propinsi Jawa Barat, Indonésia.
(337228) 2000 FL1
Ari 2000 FL1 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Amor, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.528, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 15.5. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO 311027.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
Cot Khutang, Mutiara Timur, Pidie
Cot Khutang nyaéta salah sahiji Gampong di kacamatan Mutiara Timur, Kabupatén Pidie, Propinsi Acéh, Indonésia.
2014 UQ56
Ari 2014 UQ56 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Apollo, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.324, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 19.2. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPEC�2017-K28.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
3838 Epona
Ari 3838 Epona atawa 1986 WA mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Apollo, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.702, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 15.6. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO�400034.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
2014 YE35
Ari 2014 YE35 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Amor, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.370, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 20.3. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO 403088.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
Patahajang, Ulu Pungkut, Mandailing Natal
Patahajang nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Ulu Pungkut, Kabupatén Mandailing Natal, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
2012 TG53
Ari 2012 TG53 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Apollo, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.564, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 23.2. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO�307055.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
Negeri Ratu, Sungkai Kalér, Lampung Kalér
Negeri Ratu nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Sungkai Kalér, Kabupatén Lampung Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Negeri Ratu, Sungkai Utara, Lampung Utara
Basa Morunene
Basa Morunene nyaéta basa wewengkon anu aya di Indonésia. Panyaturna aya di 1 propinsi nyaéta propinsi Sulawesi Tenggara, nu dumuk di 1 kabupaten/kota.
Paya Santeut, Darul Hikmah, Aceh Jaya
Paya Santeut nyaéta salah sahiji Gampong di kacamatan Darul Hikmah, Kabupatén Aceh Jaya, Propinsi Acéh, Indonésia.
Cupak, Danau Kerinci, Kerinci
Cupak nyaéta salah sahiji désa di kacamatan Danau Kerinci, Kabupatén Kerinci, Propinsi Jambi, Indonésia.
Blang Seunong, Pante Bidari, Aceh Timur
Blang Seunong nyaéta salah sahiji Gampong di kacamatan Pante Bidari, Kabupatén Aceh Timur, Propinsi Acéh, Indonésia.
Lempuyang, Anjatan, Indramayu
Lempuyang nyaéta salah sahiji désa di kacamatan Anjatan, Kabupatén Indramayu, Propinsi Jawa Barat, Indonésia.
Selakkar, Munte, Karo
Selakkar nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Munte, Kabupatén Karo, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
SMKS Miftahul Huda Ciwaringin
SMKS Miftahul Huda Ciwaringin nyaéta Sakola Menengah Kajuruan Swasta anu aya di Kabupatén Cirebon. Alamat lengkepna di Desa Gintung Ranjeng, Kalurahan/Désa Gintungranjeng Kacamatan Ciwaringin, Kabupatén Cirebon, Jawa Kulon kalawan nomor NPSN 69725985.
SMAS Nurul Wafa
SMAS Nurul Wafa nyaéta Sakola Menengah Atas Swasta anu aya di Kabupatén Tasikmalaya. Alamat lengkepna di Jl. Kh. Moch Idris Sukarame, Kalurahan/Désa Sukarame Kacamatan Sukaramé, Kabupatén Tasikmalaya, Jawa Kulon kalawan nomor NPSN 20229516.
Ucing-ucingan
Ucing ucingan nyaéta kaulinan lulumpatan jeung nyingcétan lantaran diudag jeung rék ditoél ku nu jadi ucing.
Palaturan
Ucing-ucingan biasana dipaenkeun ku leuwih ti 2 urang. paraturananan dimimitian ku undian/hompimpah pikeun nangtukaeun saha ucingna. budak anu kabagen jadi ucing kudu ngudag babaturanana sangkan beunang katoel/katepak. aya dua paraturan nyaéta mun geus beunang katoel ku ucing, otomatis jadi ucing jeung budak nu jadi ucing saméméhna bisa bébas tina tugas jadi ucing.
Sorodot gaplok
Sorodot gaplok nyaéta ampir sarua jeung éngklé, ngan batuna dibawa ku suku bari leumpang gancang terus sarua ditajongkeun kana batu séjén anu ditangtungkeun
Palaturan
(seja diserat)
Negara Ratu, Sungkai Kalér, Lampung Kalér
Negara Ratu nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Sungkai Kalér, Kabupatén Lampung Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Negara Ratu, Sungkai Utara, Lampung Utara
Dayah Tanoh, Mutiara Timur, Pidie
Dayah Tanoh nyaéta salah sahiji Gampong di kacamatan Mutiara Timur, Kabupatén Pidie, Propinsi Acéh, Indonésia.
Dayah Tanoh, Mutiara Timur, Pidie
Lingkungpasir, Cibiuk, Garut
Lingkungpasir nyaéta salasahiji désa di kacamatan Cibiuk, Kabupatén Garut, Propinsi Jawa Barat, Indonésia.
Depéndensi Ross
Depéndensi Ross (Ross Dependency) nyaéta hiji wewengkon di Antartika. Wewengkonna malang antawis 160° imbit wétan nepi ka 150° imbit kulon, antawis Kutub Kidul jeung 60° lintang kidul. Depéndensi ieu dingaranan dumasar kana nami Sir James Clark Ross, nu manggihan Laut Ross, sarta ngawengku bagian ti Daratan Victoria, sarta kalobaannana bagian ti Lemah És Ross. Pulo Ross, Kapuloan Balleny, sarta Pulo Scott ogé mangrupa bagian ti Depéndensi, ogé jeung Pulo Roosevelt.
2010 AL2
Ari 2010 AL2 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Apollo, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.430, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 26.7. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO�175321.
Ibnu Khaldun
Abdu Ar-Rahman bin Al-Hasan bin Khaldun (ngaranna leuwih dipikawanoh minangka Ibnu Khaldun, gumelar di Tunisia taun 1332 M/732 H – tilar dunya di Mesir taun 1406 M/808 H) nyaéta saurang cindikiawan muslim anu kacida kawentarna hususna mah dina widang sosiologi, sajarah-filsafat, sarta ékonomi-pulitik. Anjeunna ogé nelah disebut bapak sosiolog islam.
2010 AL2
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
Ibnu Khaldun
Lalakon Hirup
Ari Ibnu Khaldun ngaran lengkepna téh Abu Zaid Abdurahman Ibnu Muhammad Ibnu Khaldun Waliyudin al-Tunisi al-Hadramy al-Asbili al-Miliki. Anjeunna asalna mah ti kulawarga Andalusia anu dumuk di Silvia. Buyut moyangna asalna ti kabilah bani Wail anu asalna ti negeri Hadramaut Yaman, anu hijrah ka Andalusia dina abad ka-3 H. Dina abad ke-7 H kulawarga Ibnu Khaldun ti Silvia pindah ka Tunis. Ibnu Khaldun digedékeun di Tunis. Ti keur leutik anjeunna geus meunang didikan langsung ti kolotna pikeun diajar dasar-dasar pamahaman Al-qur’an.
Karir
Karir munggaran Ibnu Khaldun dina widang pamaréntahan ogé pulitik nyaéta di wewengkon Afrika Kalér Kulon jeung Andalusia salila kurang leuwih 25 taun. Dina lila waktu éta, geus sapuluh kali anjeunna pindah jabatan ti hiji dinasti ka dinasti nu lian. Jabatan munggaran Ibnu Khaldun nyaéta minangka anggota Majelis kaélmuan Sultan Abu Inal ti Bani Marin di puseur kota Fez. Terus anjeunna diangkat jadi sekretaris Sultan dina Taun 1354. Salian di dunya pulitik, Ibnu Khaldun ogé ngajarkeun élmuna di masigit. Saterusna anjeunna pindah ka Biskarah. Ti Biskarah balik ka Andalusia anyar jeung nuju ka Tilimsan taun 1374 M. Di Tilimsan ieu Ibnu Khaldun manggihan tempat pikeun nulis jeung maca di imah bani Arif di deukeut bénténg Qal’at Ibn Salamh minangka tempat dumuk jeung cicing di Istana Ibnu Salamah. Di tempat ieu salila opat taun anjeunna ngamimitian karirna anu kakoncarana ku Kitab al-Ibar (Sajarah Universal).
Dina Taun 1378 anjeunna ninggalkeun istana jeung nuju ka Tunisia. Salila di Tunis anjeunna ngalakonan révisi kana karyana jeung naskah asli nu dimaksud di hadiahkeun ka Sultan Abu al-Abbas taun 1382 M. Dina taun 1382 M anjeunna pindah ka Alexandria sarta dumuk di Mesir. Di Mesir ieu Ibnu Khaldun ngajar di Masjid al-Azhar. Di Masjid al-Azhar anjeunna méré kuliah Hadits, Fiqih Maliki, sarta nerangkan téori-téori kamashuranna dina kitab Muqaddimah salian ti ngajar di Paguron Luhur al-Azhar téh. Anjeunna diangkat minangka hakim madhab Maliki dina 1384 M jeung aktif dina dunya atikan.
Guru-guru Ibnu Khaldun
Teu saeutik guru-guru anu geus ku anjeunna dipundut élmuna, di antarana nyaéta : Aranjeunna sadaya téh mangrupa guru-guru anu ngajarkeun basa arab. Numatak teu anéh mun Ibnu Khaldun kaasup pamikir anu interaktif jeung gampang ditarima hasil-hasil pamikiranana ku sabab kamahéranna dina ngagunakeun basa.
Kapuloan Britania (istilah)
Rupa-rupa istilah digunakeun keur ngajelaskeun wewengkon géografis jeung pulitis nu béda (kadang-kadang patumpang tindih) ngeunaan kapuloan nu sacara tradisional ngarujuk ka wewengkon "Kapuloan Britania", nu kadang-kadang ngabingungkeun singsaha waé ti bagian dunya séjén, malahan mah keur urang dinyana sorangan. Kagunaan artikel ieu nyaéta keur ngébréhkeun harti tina sarta patula-patalina di antara istilah-istilah éta.
Ringkesna, istilah utama jeung penjelasan basajanna nyaéta:
The British Isles
The British Isles is an archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Continental Europe. It includes Ireland and Great Britain, and the Isle of Man, but usually excludes the Channel Islands. Also included are the thousands of small islands off the coast of both the larger islands such as Shetland and Orkney. The éarliest known usage of this term is in a Greek text of 325 BC in the form Pretanikai nesoi (Pretanic isles).
Britania Raya
Gréat Britain refers to the largest of the British Isles. The word "Great" simply méans "larger" (no connection with "greatness" in other senses is intended) in contrast to Brittany, a historical term for a peninsula in modérn France that largely corresponds with the present day French province of Bretagne. That region was settled by many British immigrants during the period of Anglo-Saxon migration into Britain, and named "Little Britain" by them. The French term "Bretagne" now refers to the French "Little Britain", not to the British "Great Britain", which in French is called Grande-Bretagne.
Irlandia
The second largest island in the archipelago is Ireland. That Ireland is a part of the géographical "British Isles" in no way implies that all of the island is politically British.
Channel Islands
Although the Channel Islands are associated with the United Kingdom politically, they are cléarly an outcrop of the néarby French geology, and historically they are the last remaining parts of the former Duchy of Normandy still under the crown of the United Kingdom.
The United Kingdom
"United Kingdom" is short for The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, which makes it self-explanatory. Great Britain is also widely, but incorrectly, used as a synonym for the UK. Both Great Britain and The United Kingdom are often shortened to Britain.
The four constituent parts of the UK are also known to some as Home Nations or the "Four Nations"; sporting contests between them are known as "Home internationals" (for example in football, see the British Home Championship).
Noah (grup musik)
Noah (saméméhna boga ngaran Peterpan), atawa leuwih dipikanawoh ku ngaran NOAH, nyaéta grup musik Pop/Rock alternatif ti Bandung, Indonesia. Grup musik ieu dijieun dina taun 2000 sarta kasohor ku laguna "Mimpi Yang Sempurna". Grup musik ieu ogé kasohor ku lirik nu basajan tur puitis, musik nu gampang diinget ku ciri khas sora vokal Ariel. Personél grup musik ieu ayeuna nyaéta: Ariel, Uki, Lukman, jeung David. Dina Nopémber 2006, Andika jeung Indra kaluar ti grup musik ieu, tuluy dina taun 2006, David asup ka grup musik ieu. Dina 1 Januari 2015, Reza kaluar ti grup musik ieu. Dina mimiti taun 2015, Rio ngeusi posisi drummer Noah minangka additional player, jeung dina Maret 2015, Boy Tondo kaluar jeung Lanlan ngaganti posisi bassist Noah minangka additional player nu sateuacana ngabantuan Noah dina prosés dijieunna album Seperti Seharusnya.
Kapuloan Britania (istilah)
The United Kingdom
The governing body for soccer in Northern Ireland is called the Irish Football Association, having been in existence since some 40 yéars before partition. Its counterpart in the Republic (plus Derry City) is the Football Association of Ireland. The Northern national téam retained the name "Ireland" for some 50 yéars after partition. It is only since around 1970 that the two téams have been consistently referred to as "Northern Ireland" and "Republic of Ireland" respectively.
However, in Rugby Union, the four Home Nations are England, Ireland (the whole island, i.e. the Republic of Ireland plus Northern Ireland), Scotland and Wales.
Culturally, some consider the Cornish to be distinct from the English, but, politically, Cornwall is considered by the UK government to have the same status as any other county in England. However some have raised questions concerning the constitutional status of Cornwall.
Thus, Great Britain is both a géographical and a political entity. Géographically, it is one island, but politically it also contains the islands that belong to its constituent nations - England, Wales and Scotland (most notably England's Isle of Wight, Wales' Anglesey and Scotland's Inner Hebrides, Outer Hebrides, Orkney Islands and Shetland Islands).
However, the abbreviation GB is sometimes officially used for the UK, for example in the Olympics - where athletes from Northern Ireland may choose whether to represent the UK or the Republic of Ireland - and as the vehicle registration plate country identification code, however the internet code ".gb", although allocated to the UK, is unused (the UK uses ".uk"). UK téams in the Olympics have competed under several different names - most recently in Athens the athletes were presented at the Opening Ceremony under a banner which said simply Gréat Britain, rather than the full Gréat Britain and Northern Ireland. Since the Good Friday Agreement, and the subsequent implementation legislation, sporting organisation (and several other organisations, e.g. tourism, and Irish Gaelic and Ulster Scots language boards) on the island of Ireland has incréasingly been cross-border.
Citizens of the UK are called British or Britons. The term Brits may also be used, sometimes pejoratively, for example by supporters of Scottish independence when referring to supporters of the Union. Some rather dated slang names for Britons are Tommy (for British soldiers), Pom, Anglo and Limey. Anglo properly refers only to England, but it is sometimes (incorrectly) used as a broader reference as an element in compound adjectives: for example, "Anglo-French relations" may be used in newspaper articles when referring to relations between the political entities France and the United Kingdom (the correct term in this case is "British-French relations"). Anglo-Saxon may be used when referring to the whole English-spéaking world, the (correctly named, as it refers to the English language, not a "British language") Anglosphere, although ethnically very few of the world's one billion English-spéakers are of Anglo-Saxon origin. Interestingly while the rest of the world refers to the 'English', derived from 'Angles', spéakers of the Celtic languages refer to them as 'Saxons' (Sassannach in Scottish Gaelic, Saesneg in Welsh).
Ireland
Ireland is the name since 1937 of the independent state which covers the island of Ireland apart from Northern Ireland. Since 1949, the "description" "Republic of Ireland" has been widely used, but the official name in the Irish constitution is Ireland, or, in the Irish language, Éire. This is also the géographical term for the entire island.
The Republic of Ireland gained full recognised independence from the United Kingdom in 1921. Northern Ireland is sovereign British territory, and a majority of the population of Northern Ireland consider themselves British. Traditionally Ireland is divided into four provinces - Leinster, Connacht, Munster and Ulster. The Republic of Ireland takes up 83% of the island, while Northern Ireland takes up six of the nine counties of Ulster.
On the island of Ireland (as everywhere), the naming of places often raises political issues. The usage of "Ireland" as the official name of the state in the constitution of the Republic of Ireland causes offence to some Unionists in Northern Ireland as it implies that the Republic of Ireland still has a territorial claim to the whole island - the terminology of "Republic of Ireland" or "Éire" is much preferred by Northern unionists when referring to that political state. Similarly, some Nationalists in Northern Ireland also prefer to reserve to usage of "Ireland" to refer to the whole island.
Many péople object to these latter two terms, as they are seen to imply that the Republic of Ireland is not a fully independent country. Conversely, some republicans and others refer to Northern Ireland as "the Six Counties" (in reference to Northern Ireland's six counties), a name that avoids the disputed link with Gréat Britain. Some even call it "the occupied six counties". Some nationalists use the terms, "the North of Ireland" and, "the North", instéad of Northern Ireland; these are terms also used by the Irish national broadcaster RTÉ.
Many péople, especially some unionists, sometimes refer to Northern Ireland as Ulster - this is inaccurate as the Irish province of Ulster traditionally includes an additional three counties, which are in the Republic of Ireland. The term Ulster (and "the Province") are sometimes preferred by Unionists, sometimes because it can suggest an origin of the polity of Northern Ireland that pre-dates 1922, referring back to the Act of Union 1800, the Glorious Revolution of 1689, the Plantation of Ulster in 1610, the ancient migrations between Ulster and Scotland, and even to biblical tradition. So, it is understandable that certain local place names should still be in dispute: see Derry/Londonderry name dispute.
British Islands
Since 1978, the term British Islands (as opposed to British Isles) has been used by the UK's governments and assemblies to define the United Kingdom, together with the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands.
Under the Interpretation Act 1978 of the United Kingdom, the term British Islands refers to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, together with the Crown Dependencies: the Bailiwicks of Jersey and of Guernsey (which in turn includes the smaller islands of Alderney, Herm and Sark) in the Channel Islands; and the Isle of Man.
Origins of terms
These names derived from a "Celtic language" term which is likely to have réached Pythéas from the Gauls who may have used it as their term for the inhabitants of the islands. The Romans called the inhabitants of Gaul (modérn France) Galli or Celtae. The latter term came from the Greek name Κελτοι for a central Européan péople, and 17th century antiquarians who found language connections developed the idéa of a race of Celts inhabiting the aréa, but this term was not used by the Greeks or Romans for the inhabitants of Britain or Ireland.
Priteni is the source of the Welsh language term Prydain, Britain, and has the same source as the Goidelic term Cruithne. The latter referred to the éarly Brythonic spéaking inhabitants of Ireland, the Scottish highlands and the north of Scotland, who are known as the Cruithne in Scottish Gaelic, and who the Romans called Picts or Caledonians.
Romans
Caesar's invasions of Britain brought descriptions of the péoples of what he called Britannia pars interior, "inland Britain", in 55 BC. Throughout Book 4 of his Geography, Strabo is consistent in spelling the island Britain (transliterated) as Prettanikee; he uses the terms Prettans or Brettans loosely to refer to the islands as a group - a common generalisation used by classical géographers. For example, in Géography 2.1.18, …οι νοτιωτατοι των Βρηττανων βορηιοτηροι τουτον ηισιν (…the most southern of the Brettans are further north than this). He was writing around AD 10, although the éarliest surviving copy of his work dates from the 6th century. Pliny the Elder writing around AD 70 uses a Latin version of the same terminology in section 4.102 of his Naturalis Historia. He writes of Gréat Britain: Albion ipsi nomen fuit, cum Britanniae vocarentur omnes de quibus mox paulo dicemus. (Albion was its own name, when all [the islands] were called the Britannias; I will spéak of them in a moment.). In the following section, 4.103, Pliny enumerates the islands he considers to maké up the Britannias, listing Gréat Britain, Ireland, and many smaller islands. In his Geography written in the mid 2nd century and probably describing the position around AD 100, Ptolemy includes both Britain and Ireland – he calls it Hibernia – in the island group he calls Britannia. He entitles Book II, Chapter 1 of as Hibernia, Island of Britannia, and Chapter 2 as Albion Island of Britannia.
Philadelphia
Philadelphia, biasa disebut ogé Philly, nyaéta kota panggedéna di Pasemakmuran Pennsylvania, kota kagenep panggedéna di Amérika Sarikat, sarta kota kadua panggedéna di wewengkon Mégalopolis Kalér Wétan jeung Mid-Atlantik saanggeus Kota New York. Ti 1854, ieu kota tos barengan jeung County Philadelphia, county nu boga pangeusi panglobana di Pennsylvania jeung puseur dayeuh ti Lengkob Delaware, wewengkon métropolitan katujuh panggedéna sa-nasional sarta salah sahiji panggedéna sadunya nu miboga 6,245 juta pangeusi dina taun 2020. Pangeusi ieu kota dina sénsus 2020 sajumlah 1.603.797, jeung leuwih ti 56 juta manusa netep dina kisaran 250 mi ti Philadelphia.
Kapuloan Britania (istilah)
Romans
In the later yéars of Roman rule Britons who left Latin inscriptions, both at home and elsewhere in the Empire, often described themselves as Brittanus or Britto, and where describing their citizenship gave it as cives of a British tribe or of a patria (homeland) of Britannia, not Roma. From the 4th century, many Britons migrated from Roman Britain across the English Channel and founded Brittany.
Medieval period
Another éarly native source to use a collective term is the Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum of Bede written in the éarly eighth century. The collective term for the archipelago used within this work is insularum méaning "islands" (Book 1, 8) and it too is used sparingly. He stated that Britain "studies and confesses one and the same knowledge of the highest truth in the tongues of five nations, namely the Angles, the Britons, the Scots, the Picts, and the Latins", distinguishing between the Brythonic languages of the "ancient Britons" or Old Welsh spéakers and other language groups.
éarly Celtic, Saxon and Viking kingdoms such as Rheged, Strathclyde and Wessex amalgamated, léading to the formation of Scotland, England and Wales. In Norman Ireland, local lords gained considerable autonomy from the Lordship of Ireland until it became the Kingdom of Ireland under direct English rule.
Renaissance mapmakers
Continental mapmakers Gerardus Mercator (1512), Balthasar Moretus (1624), Giovanni Magini (1596), Abraham Ortelius (1570) and Sebastian Munster (1550) produced maps béaring the term "British Isles". Ortelius makes cléar his understanding that England, Scotland and Ireland were politically nominally at léast separate in 1570 by the full title of his map: "Angliae, Scotiae et Hiberniae, sive Britannicar. insularum descriptio" which translates as "a description of England, Scotland and Ireland, or the British Isles", additionally many maps from this period show Wales and Cornwall as separate nations, most notably those of Mercator.
Evolution of kingdoms and states
The diagram on the right gives an indication of the further evolution of kingdoms and states. In 1603 the Scottish King James VI inherited the English throne as "James I of England". He styled himself as James I of Great Britain, although both states retained their sovereignty and independent parliaments, the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England. The 1707 Act of Union united England and Scotland in the Kingdom of Great Britain under the Parliament of Great Britain, then in 1800 Ireland was brought under British government control by the Act of Union créating the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Irish unrest culminated in the Irish War of Independence and the 1922 separation of the Irish Free State which later became the Republic of Ireland. The mostly Protestant northeast continued to be part of what was now the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
British overseas territories such as Bermuda, Gibraltar, Hong Kong, the Falkland Islands, and the British Antarctic Territory have (or have had) various relationships with the UK. The Commonwealth of Nations (formerly the British Commonwéalth) is a loose confederation of nations roughly corresponding to the former British Empire, mostly for economic co-operation, formalised in 1931. (This has no connection with the Commonwealth of England and The Protectorate which were short-lived republics replacing the previous kingdoms during the Interregnum (1649 - 1660).)
Adjectives
The adjectives used to describe the contents and attributes of the various constituent parts of the British Isles also cause confusion.
British is generally used to refer to the United Kingdom. However, in a specifically physical géographical sense, British is used to refer to the island of Great Britain. The cumbersome adjective Great British is very rarely used to refer to Great Britain, other than to contrive a pun on the word great, as in "Great British Food".
Irish, in a political sense, is used to refer to the Republic of Ireland. Northern Ireland, as a constituent part of the United Kingdom, would be included within the umbrella of the political term British, though many unionists in Northern Ireland would also consider themselves Irish in a géographical sense. In order to be more specific, Northern Irish is therefore in common usage. The term Ulster can also be used as an adjective (e.g. "Royal Ulster Constabulary"), but this is more likely to be used by Unionists and has political connotations in the same fashion as its use as a proper noun (because only six of the traditional nine counties of Ulster, namely Antrim, Armagh, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry and Tyrone, are included in Northern Ireland with the remaining three counties Cavan, Donegal and Monaghan forming part of the Republic). Likewise, Nationalists might describe, say, a lake in Northern Ireland as Irish. However, some Nationalists might attribute what they see as less attractive aspects of Northern Ireland to Britain or even to England (e.g. "The Northern Ireland squad is an English football team").
The "Northern" in "Northern Ireland" is not completely accurate. A large portion of Northern Ireland lies to the south of County Donegal, which is in the Republic. The northern tip of the island, Malin Head, is on Donegal's Inishowen Peninsula.
Scottish, English and Welsh are self-explanatory. The term English is, however, commonly used to méan British by many Anglophones, both within and without the archipelago.
Problems with use of terms
There is considerable sensitivity about some of the terms, particularly in relation to Ireland. The term British Isles itself can be considered irritating or offensive by those who find that the association of the term British with the United Kingdom léads to a mistaken presumption that the Republic of Ireland is still in some way under British rule, or think that it implies that the UK has continuing territorial claims to that country. No branch of the Irish government, including the Department of Foreign Affairs and the Irish Embassy in London, uses the term, though it is on occasion used in a géographical sense in Irish parliamentary debates. In Northern Ireland nationalists reject the term and use these islands as an alternative, wheréas unionists, when countering nationalist insistence on the territorial integrity of the island of Ireland, change the géographical frame of reference to that of the whole archipelago of what they call the British Isles. There have been several suggestions for replacements for the term British Isles but no single one has won any wide acceptance.
The term Ireland is also a matter of sensitivity. It is the official name of the Republic of Ireland as well as being a géographical term for the whole island. In Northern Ireland, Irishness is a highly contested identity, with fundamentally different perceptions between unionists who perceive themselves as being both British and Irish, and nationalists who consider both communities to be part of the Irish nation.
Celtic names
The Celtic languages in the region — Cornish, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, Welsh and Manx— éach have names for the various countries and subdivisions of the British Isles.
Some of the above are:
Note: In Irish there are actually several terms for Northern Ireland: An Tuaisceart, méaning "the North", is usually used, but a more recent term for official use is Tuaisceart Éireann. Ulaidh, the Irish word for Ulster, is also sometimes used, though the traditional region of Ulster also includes 3 counties which are not included in the political region of Northern Ireland. Ironically the most northern point in Ireland is 'down South', that is ruled from Dublin, not London.
The English word Welsh is from a common Germanic root méaning "foreigner" (cognate with Wallonia and Wallachia, and also cognate with the word used in Mediaeval German to refer to the French and Italians). The English names Albion and Albany are related to Alba and used poetically for either England or Scotland, or the whole island of Gréat Britain. English Erin is a poetic name for Ireland derived from Éire (or rather, from its dative form Éirinn)
Rockall
The island of Rockall is a disputed territory in the Atlantic Océan. It is a small, uninhabited island lying some 301.4 km (187.3 miles) west of St Kilda (Outer Hebrides) and 424 km (229.1 miles) north-west of Ireland. It is claimed by the United Kingdom (as part of the Isle of Harris), whilst its surrounding continental shelf (but not the island itself) is claimed by the Republic of Ireland, Iceland and Denmark (through the Faroe Islands). Its remote position, however, méans that it is open to question whether or not, géographically, it belongs to the British Isles. In any event The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, states Rocks which cannot sustain human habitation or economic life of their own shall have no exclusive economic zone or continental shelf.
Slang
Blighty is a slang word for Britain derived from the Hindustani word bilāyatī ("foreign"). Depending on the user, it is méant either affectionately or archly. It was often used by British soldiers abroad in the First World War to refer to home.
Europe
Europe and the adjective Européan may also be used in reference to the European Union, particularly in a derogative context such as "The new regulations handed out by Europe".
Simpang Banyak Jae, Ulu Pungkut, Mandailing Natal
Simpang Banyak Jae nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Ulu Pungkut, Kabupatén Mandailing Natal, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
(337119) 1999 TK12
Ari 1999 TK12 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Amor, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.393, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 18.6. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO 264871.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
Halo (fénomén optik)
Halo (ἅλως; disebut ogé nimbus, icebow, atawa Gloriole) nyaéta fénoména optik nu mangrupa lingkaran cahaya di sabudeureun panon poé jeung bulan, jeung sakapeung sok aya dina sumber cahaya lianna kayaning lampu pikeun nyaangan jalan. Aya sababaraha rupa halo, tapi umumna halo muncul disababkeun ku kristal és dina awan cirrus anu tiis nu aya 5-10 km di luhureun troposfér. Wangun jeung perenahna éta kristal és téh nangtukeun tipe halo naon anu bakal kaluar. Cahaya anu dipantulkeun dina kristal és bisa ngaluarkeun sababaraha rupa warna, siga nu aya dina katumbiri.
Halo ogé sakapeung sok muncul di deukeut beungeut bumi, nalika aya kristal és anu disebut lebu berlian. Kajadian ieu téh bisa muncul dina cuaca nu tiis, nalika kristal kawangun di deukeut beungetu bumi jeung mantulkeun cahaya.
Tanjungtanah, Danau Kerinci, Kerinci
Tanjungtanah nyaéta salah sahiji désa di kacamatan Danau Kerinci, Kabupatén Kerinci, Propinsi Jambi, Indonésia.
Suka Damai, Pante Bidari, Aceh Timur
Suka Damai nyaéta salah sahiji Gampong di kacamatan Pante Bidari, Kabupatén Aceh Timur, Propinsi Acéh, Indonésia.
2012 XQ55
Ari 2012 XQ55 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Amor, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.385, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 23.0. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO 254825.
2009 WD
Ari 2009 WD mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Amor, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.315, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 20.4. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO 322219.
2012 XQ55
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
2009 WD
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
Limpas, Anjatan, Indramayu
Limpas nyaéta salah sahiji désa di kacamatan Anjatan, Kabupatén Indramayu, Propinsi Jawa Barat, Indonésia.
Parimbalang, Munte, Karo
Parimbalang nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Munte, Kabupatén Karo, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Krueng Tho, Darul Hikmah, Aceh Jaya
Krueng Tho nyaéta salah sahiji Gampong di kacamatan Darul Hikmah, Kabupatén Aceh Jaya, Propinsi Acéh, Indonésia.
2006 LH
Ari 2006 LH mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Apollo, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.316, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 24.8. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO�102375.
Kapal silem
Kapal silem nyaéta kapal nu bangunna saperti sulutu, bisa jalan di jero atawa di luhur laut. Kapal silem kaasup kapal perang, ari parabotna torpedo. Prinsip dasar anu nyieun kapal silem bisa neuleum atawa muncul di permukaan nyaéta hal nu basajan pisan. Kapal silem anu pang modérenna miboga dua lambung, atawa awak. Balas cai ditunda antara lambung bagian jero sarta lambung bagian luar, anu bisa dianggap sarua jeung "carangka".
Supaya kapal silem bisa neuleuman laut sarta muncul ka permukaan, aya kemudi-kemudi horisontal nu dipasang dina lambung kapal. Pikeun ngemudikeun kapal silem sabot usik ka luhur, aya hiji kemudi anu sarua kawas dina kapal-kapal biasa. Kapal silem dibagi ku dinding-dinding pemisah anu nyilang jadi kompartemen-kompartemen. Pikeun kaluar ti hiji kompartemen ka kompartemen séjén, hiji jalma kudu ngaliwatan panto-panto kedapcai, anu bisa nutupan kalayan gancang. Kabéh kapal silem miboga liang-liang palka sarta paru-paru pengaman pikeun dipaké dina kaayaan darurat.
2014 YD35
Ari 2014 YD35 mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Amor, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.374, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 21.0. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO 342304.
Bebentukan
Kawas sakumna astéroid, ieu astéroid kabentuk tina nébula panonpoé primordial minangka beubeulahan planétisimal, objék di nébula marcapada ngora nu teu cukup badag pikeun robah jadi planét.
1991 GO
Ari 1991 GO mangrupa hiji astéroid. Ieu asteroid téh bagéan tina astéroid Apollo, anu nganjrek deukeut jeung marcapada. Ékséntrisitas orbit ieu astéroid kacatet gedéna 0.654, sedengkeun magnitudo mutlakna 20.0. Ari nu jadi référénsina mah nyaéta MPO�339365.