cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Kaisar Temmu
Events of Temmu's life
Temmu's father died while he was young, and he grew up mainly under the guidance of Empress Saimei. He was not expected to gain the throne, because his brother Tenji was the crown prince, being the older son of their mother, the reigning empress.
Tenji was particularly active in improving the military institutions which had been established during the Taika reforms.
In his old age, Tenji had a son, Prince Ōtomo, by a low-ranking consort. Since Ōtomo had weak political support from his maternal relatives, the general wisdom of the time held that it was not a good idea for him to ascend to the throne, yet Tenji was obsessed with the idea.
In 671 Temmu felt himself to be in danger and volunteered to resign the office of crown prince to become a monk. He moved to the mountains in Yoshino, Yamato province (now in Yoshino, Nara), officially for reasons of seclusion. He took with him his sons and one of his wives, Princess Unonosarara, a daughter of Tenji. However, he left all his other consorts at the capital, Omikyō in Ōmi Province (today in Otsu, Shiga).
A year later, (in 672) Tenji died and Prince Ōtomo ascended to the throne as Emperor Kōbun. Temmu assembled an army and marched from Yoshino to the east, to attack Omikyō in a counterclockwise movement. They marched through Yamato, Iga and Mino provinces to threaten Omikyō in the adjacent province. The army of Temmu and the army of the young Emperor Kōbun fought in the northwestern part of Mino (nowadays Sekigahara, Gifu). Temmu's army won and Kōbun committed suicide (Jinshin incident).
As might be expected, Emperor Temmu was no less active than former-Emperor Tenji in improving the Taika military institutions. Temmu's reign brought many changes, such as: (1) a centralized war department was organized; (2) the defenses of the Inner Country near the Capital were strengthened; (3) forts and castles were built near Capital and in the western parts of Honshu and in Kyushu; (4) troops were reviewed; and all provincial governors were ordered to complete the collection of arms and to study tactics.
In 673 Temmu moved the capital back to Yamato province on the Kiymihara plain, naming his new capital Asuka. The Man'yōshū includes a poem written after the Jinshin conflict of 672 has ended:
At Asuka, Emperor Temmu was enthroned. He elevated Unonosarara to be his empress. He reigned from this capital until his death in 686.
Politics
In Nihonshoki Temmu is described as a great innovator, but the neutrality of this description is doubtful, since the work was written under the control of his descendants. It seems clear, however, that Temmu strengthened the power of the emperor and appointed his sons to the highest offices of his government, reducing the traditional influence of powerful clans such as the Ōtomo and Soga. He renewed the system of kabane, the hereditary titles of duty and rank, but with alterations, including the abolition of some titles. Omi and Muraji, the highest kabane in the earlier period, were reduced in value in the new hierarchy, which consisted of eight kinds of kabane. Each clan received a new kabane according to its closeness to the imperial bloodline and its loyalty to Temmu.
Temmu attempted to keep a balance of power among his sons. Once he traveled to Yoshino together with his sons, and there had them swear to cooperate and not to make war on each other. This turned out to be ineffective: one of his sons, Prince Ōtsu, was later executed for treason after the death of Temmu.
Anyang, Koréa Kidul
Anyang nyaéta salah sahiji kota di Propinsi Gyeonggi, Koréa Kidul. Lokasina 20 km kiduleun Seoul sarta nyambung kana Subway Seoul Jalur 1 jeung Jalur 4. Kota tatangga lianna nyaéta Incheon jeung Gwangmyeong di beulah kulon, Suwon di beulah wétan kidul, jeung Gwacheon di beulah wétan kaléreunnana. Anyang sacara umum dibagi jadi dua bagian: Bagian tengah kota nu heubeul nu puseurna di Stasion Anyang, wewengkon paragi balanja kalayan toko jeung pasar di luar nupikaresepeun, sarta Pyéongchon, tempatna nu baleunghar. Ku lokasina nu stratégis, Anyang jadi puseur transportasi nu méré nah antara Séoul jeung kota gedé lianna di nagara ieu.
Kaisar Temmu
Politics
Temmu's foreign policy favored the Korean kingdom Silla, which took over the entire Korean peninsula in 676. After the unification of Korea by Silla, Temmu decided to break diplomatic relations with the Tang dynasty of China, evidently in order to keep on good terms with Silla.
Temmu used religious structures to increase the authority of the imperial throne. During his reign there was increased emphasis on the tie between the imperial household and the Grand Shrine of Ise (dedicated to the ancestor goddess of the emperors, Amaterasu) by sending his daughter Princess Oku as the newly established Saiō of the shrine, and several festivals were financed from the national budget. He also showed favor to Buddhism, and built several large temples and monasteries. On the other hand, all Buddhist priests, monks and nuns were controlled by the state, and no one was allowed to become a monk without the state's permission. This was aimed at preventing cults and stopping farmers from turning into priests.
Kugyō
Kugyō (公卿) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras.
In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Temmu's reign, this apex of the Daijō-kan included:
Era of Temmu's reign
The years of Temmu's reign were marked by only one era name or nengō which was proclaimed in the final months of the emperor's life; and Shuchō ended with Temmu's death.
Non-nengō period
The early years of Temmu's reign are not linked by scholars to any era or nengō. The Taika era innovation of naming time periods -- nengō -- was discontinued during these years, but it was reestablished briefly in 686. The use of nengō languished yet again after Temmu's death until Emperor Mommu reasserted an imperial right by proclaiming the commencement of Taihō in 701.
Wives and Children
Empress: Princess Uno-no-sarara (鸕野讃良皇女)(Empress Jitō) (645-703)
Hi: Princess Ōta (大田皇女) (644-667), daughter of Emperor Tenji
Hi: Princess Niitabe (新田部皇女) (?-699), daughter of Emperor Tenji
695 SM
695 SM nyaéta taun ka-695 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Berua, Namohalu Esiwa, Nias Kalér
Berua nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Namohalu Esiwa, Kabupatén Nias Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Kaisar Temmu
Wives and Children
Bunin: Soga no Ōnu-no-iratsume (蘇我大蕤娘) (?-724), daughter of Soga no Akae
Bunin: Fujiwara no Ioe-no-iratsume (藤原五百重娘), daughter of Fujiwara no Kamatari
Court lady: Nukata no Ōkimi (額田王)
Court lady: Munakata no Amako-no-iratsume (胸形尼子娘), daughter of Munakata-no-Kimi Tokuzen
Court lady: Shishihito no Kajihime-no-iratsume (宍人梶媛娘), daughter of Shishihito-no-Omi Ōmaro -->
697 SM
697 SM nyaéta taun ka-697 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Detéktor haseup
Detéktor haseup atawa alarm haseup nyaéta alat nu bisa mikawanoh/ngadetéksi haseup sarta sacara otomatis ngahurungkeun alarm salaku totondén ayana bahya kahuruan. Detéktor haseup nu dipasang di imah biasana boga bentuk kawas kéler tina plastik nu diaméterna kira 15 cm sarta kandelna 2,5 cm. ku sabab haseup mah ngelun ka luhur, ieu alat galibna dipasang dina lalangit atawa dina pinding deukeut lalangit di patengahan imah atawa kamar anu jauh ti dapur. Detéktor haseup biasana ditanagaan ku batré, tapi aya ogé anu disambungkeun ka sumber listrik AC. Nu dicolokkeun langsung kana sumber AC biasana dibatréan ogé, salaku cadangan bisi listrikna pareum. <!-- Most smoke detectors work either by optical detection (photoelectric) or by physical process (ionization), but some of them use both detection methods to increase sensitivity to smoke. Smoke detectors may operate alone, may be interconnected to cause all detectors in an area to sound an alarm if one is triggered, or may be integrated into a fire alarm or security system. Smoke detectors with flashing lights are available for people who are deaf or hearing impaired, although recent research suggests that their waking effectiveness is poor (see below).
A smoke detector cannot detect carbon monoxide to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning, unless it has an integrated carbon monoxide detector. These are also available as a separate detector. Most companies that manufacture smoke detectors also manufacture carbon monoxide detectors.
The smoke detector is one of three items of fire safety apparatus that are recommended for homes and that can be installed by the consumer. The second is a fire extinguisher, and the third is a fire blanket, a section of fire retardant cloth, normally 1 m2 (3 ft x 3 ft), that can be applied to a small fire to smother it.
History
The first automatic electric fire alarm was invented in 1890 by Francis Robbins Upton and Fernando J. Dibble, (US patent no. 436,961). Upton was an associate of Thomas Edison, although there is no evidence that Edison contributed to this project.
While home smoke detectors were available during most of the 1960s, the price of these devices was rather high. Before that, alarms were so expensive that only major businesses and theaters could afford them. The first truly affordable home smoke detectors were invented by Duane D. Pearsall in 1967, featuring individual battery powered units that could be easily installed and replaced. Although commonly attributed to NASA, smoke detectors were not invented as a result of the space program, though a variant with adjustable sensitivity was developed for Skylab.
Optical detector
An optical detector is a light sensor. When used as a smoke detector, it includes a light source (incandescent bulb or infrared LED), a lens to collimate the light into a beam, and a photodiode or other photoelectric sensor at an angle to the beam as a light detector. In the absence of smoke, the light passes in front of the detector in a straight line. When smoke enters the optical chamber across the path of the light beam, some light is scattered by the smoke particles, directing it the sensor and thus triggering the alarm.
Also seen in large rooms, such as a gymnasium or an auditorium, are devices to detect a projected beam. A unit on the wall sends out a beam, which is either received by a receiver or reflected back via a mirror. When the beam is less visible to the "eye" of the sensor, it sends an alarm signal to the fire alarm control panel.
Ionization detector
This type of detector is cheaper than the optical detector; however, it is sometimes rejected for environmental reasons. It can detect particles of smoke that are too small to be visible. It includes less than a milligram of radioactive americium 241 (241Am). The radiation passes through an ionization chamber, an air-filled space between two electrodes, and permits a small, constant current between the electrodes. Any smoke that enters the chamber absorbs the alpha particles, which reduces the ionization and interrupts this current, setting off the alarm. 241Am, an alpha emitter, has a half-life of 432.2 years. This means that it does not have to be replaced during the useful life of the detector, and also makes it safer for people at home, as it is less radioactive. Alpha radiation, as opposed to beta and gamma, is used for two additional reasons: Alpha particles have high ionization, so sufficient air particles will be ionized for the current to exist, and they have low penetrative power, meaning they will be stopped by the plastic of the smoke detector and/or the air, reducing the risk of harm to people.
Air-sampling detector
An air-sampling smoke detector, sometimes called a VESDA® system, is capable of detecting microscopic particles of smoke. Most air-sampling detectors are aspirating smoke detectors, which work by actively drawing air through a network of small-bore pipes laid out above or below a ceiling in parallel runs covering a protected area. Small holes drilled into each pipe form a matrix of holes (sampling points), providing an even distribution across the pipe network. Air samples are drawn past a sensitive optical device, often a solid-state laser, tuned to detect the extremely small particles of combustion. Air-sampling detectors may be used to trigger an automatic fire response, such as a gaseous fire suppression system, in high-value or mission-critical areas, such as archives or computer server rooms.
Air-sampling smoke detection systems are classed as High Sensitivity Smoke Detectors (HSSDs) and provide multiple levels of alarm threshold, such as Alert, Action, Fire 1 and Fire 2. Thresholds may be set at levels across a very wide range of smoke levels. This allows early notification of a developing fire, allowing intervention before a fire has developed beyond the smoldering stage, thereby increasing the time available for evacuation and possibly enabling emergency firefighters to arrive earlier and minimize fire damage. Fire thresholds can be set to notify local or municipal emergency responders and ultimately to discharge fire suppression systems.
Alarms and alerts
A second function of the detector is to alert persons at risk. Several methods are used and documented in industry specifications published by Underwriters Laboratories.
Alerting methods include:
While current technology is very effective at detecting smoke and fire conditions, the deaf and hard of hearing community has raised concerns about the effectiveness of the alerting function in awakening sleeping individuals in certain high risk groups such as the elderly, those with hearing loss and those who are intoxicated. Between 2005 and 2007, research sponsored by the NFPA has focused on understanding the cause of a higher number of deaths seen in such high risk groups. Initial research into the effectiveness of the various alerting methods is sparse. Research findings suggest that a low frequency (520 Hz) square wave output is significantly more effective at awakening high risk individuals.
Reliability and service life
In 2004, NIST issued a comprehensive report entitled Performance of Home Smoke Alarms — Analysis of the Response of Several Available Technologies in Residential Fire Settings. The report concludes, among other things, that "smoke alarms of either the ionization type or the photoelectric type consistently provided time for occupants to escape from most residential fires", and "consistent with prior findings, ionization type alarms provided somewhat better response to flaming fires than photoelectric alarms, and photoelectric alarms provided (often) considerably faster response to smoldering fires than ionization type alarms".
The National Fire Protection Agency strongly recommand the replacement of home smoke alarms every 10 years.] Smoke alarms become less reliable with time, primarily due to aging of their electronic components, making them susceptible to nuisance false alarms. In ionization type alarms, decay of the 241Am radioactive source is a negligible factor, as its half-life is far greater than the expected useful life of the alarm unit.
Cleaning and False Alarms
Regular cleaning can prevent false alarms caused by the build up of dust or other objects such as flies, particularly on optical type alarms as they are more susceptible to these factors. A vacuum cleaner can be used to clean ionisation and optical detectors externally and internally. However, on commercial ionisation detectors it is not recommended for a lay person to clean internally.
Batteries
Most residential smoke detectors run on 9-volt alkaline or carbon-zinc batteries. When these batteries run down, the smoke detector becomes inactive. Most smoke detectors will signal a low-battery condition. The alarm may chirp at intervals if the battery is low, though if there is more than one unit within earshot, it can be hard to locate. It is common, however, for houses to have smoke detectors with dead batteries. As a result, public information campaigns have been created to remind people to change smoke detector batteries regularly. In Australia, for example, it is advertised that all smoke alarm batteries should be replaced on the first day of April every year. In regions using daylight saving time, these campaigns may suggest that people change their batteries when they change their clocks or on a birthday.
Some detectors are also being sold with a lithium battery that can run for about 7 to 10 years, though this might actually make it less likely for people to change batteries, since their replacement is needed so infrequently. By that time, the whole detector may need to be replaced. Though relatively expensive, user-replaceable 9-volt lithium batteries are also available. They should only be used in a fairly new detector.
Smoke detectors with missing batteries are also a concern. As a result, many detectors sold today are designed to provide a visual indication of a missing battery. One popular brand of smoke detector will not allow the user to close the battery door until a battery has been placed in the alarm; another contains a spring-loaded protrusion obstructing the attachment holes when the battery is missing, preventing reattachment to the wall or ceiling and making a missing battery situation immediately obvious. Some local governments do not permit the installation of smoke detectors with removable batteries.
In new construction, most building codes today require smoke detectors to be wired to the electrical mains of buildings. Many of these units also include a battery backup to ensure operation during a power outage.
Rechargeable batteries should never be used in battery powered smoke detectors, since common NiMH and NiCd rechargeable batteries have a high self-discharge rate. This is true even though they may provide much more power than alkaline batteries if used soon after charging, such as in a portable stereo. Also, a problem particularly prevalent in older technology rechargeable batteries is a rapid voltage drop at the end of their useful charge. This is of concern in devices such as smoke detectors, since the battery may transition from "charged" to "dead" so quickly that the low-battery warning period from the detector is either so brief as to go unnoticed, or may not occur at all.
The American National Fire Protection Association, through its fire protection program, urges homeowners to replace smoke detector batteries with a new alkaline battery every six months, for example when changing clocks for daylight saving time, and to replace the entire smoke detector after ten years of use. The used battery will probably still have the majority of its charge, and can be reused in less critical applications, such as a backup for a digital alarm clock.
Testing
Virtually all modern smoke alarm units come equipped with a "test" button. Alternatively, artificial smoke can be purchased, which also tests the detection mechanism itself. One simple way to test a smoke alarm is to light and extinguish a match, then wave it beneath the detector. The smoke detector should be sensitive enough to trip its alarm if a small amount of smoke enters it. Waving a lit match underneath the detector to test it is not recommended, as it could set the smoke alarm and the rest of the house on fire. Smokers may blow cigarette smoke into the detector, but the tars in the cigarette smoke deposited on the detector may make it less effective.
Installation and placement
In the United States, most state and local laws regarding the required number and placement of smoke detectors are based upon standards established in Article 72 of NFPA fire code.
Laws governing the installation of smoke detectors vary depending on the locality. Homeowners with questions or concerns regarding smoke detector placement may contact their local fire marshal or building inspector for assistance. However, some rules and guidelines for existing homes are relatively consistent throughout the developed world. For example, Canada and Australia require a building to have a working smoke detector on every level. The United States requires smoke detectors on every habitable level and within the vicinity of all bedrooms. Habitable levels include attics that are tall enough to allow access.
In new construction, minimum requirements are typically more stringent. All smoke detectors must be hooked directly to the electrical wiring, be interconnected and have a battery backup. In addition, smoke detectors are required either inside or outside every bedroom, depending on local codes. Smoke detectors on the outside will detect fires more quickly, assuming the fire does not begin in the bedroom, but the sound of the alarm will be reduced and may not wake some people. Some areas also require smoke detectors in stairways, main hallways and garages.
Wired units with a third "interconnect" wire allow a dozen or more detectors to be connected, so that if one detects smoke, the alarms will sound on all the detectors in the network, improving the chances that occupants will be alerted, even if they are behind closed doors or if the alarm is triggered one or two floors removed from their location. Wired interconnection may only be practical for use in new construction, especially if the wire needs to be routed in areas that are inaccessible without cutting open walls and ceilings. As of the mid-2000s, development has begun on wirelessly networking smoke alarms, using technologies such as ZigBee, which will allow interconnected alarms to be easily retrofitted in a building without costly wire installations.
Detectors on the ceiling should be placed several inches away from any wall. If the ceiling is not flat, the detector should be placed at or near the highest point. If the highest point is a small recess, then the detector should be placed at the next highest level. Detectors placed on a wall should be several inches, but no more than a foot (30 cm), from the top. Detectors should not be placed on a wall if the ceiling has a deep recess, if the ceiling slopes steeply or for a long distance. Detectors should be several horizontal feet away from a heating or cooling register, window, corner, the edge of a ceiling fan's sweep and doors to a kitchen or bathroom. They should be placed as far away as possible from combustion sources, like oil and gas-fired furnaces, space heaters, clothes dryers and water heaters, without compromising coverage or safety. Smoke detectors in a basement should be placed at the bottom of the stairs and an additional detector should be placed in or near any sleeping areas in the basement.
It is recommended, and sometimes required, that smoke detectors not be placed in kitchens because the small amounts of smoke and particulates generated while cooking can set them off. Detectors designed for use near a kitchen may have a silencing button to cancel accidental triggering.
Detectors should not be placed in a bathroom or near a bathroom door because moisture may cause false alarms or damage the detector. False alarms reduce the effectiveness of smoke detectors in preventing harm and property damage because people soon begin to assume that the alarm is false. Heat detectors, which sound an alarm when the temperature reaches a certain point and/or when it climbs more rapidly than a certain rate, can be used in kitchens, garages and areas with combustion sources that would otherwise generate nuisance alarms.
Belekok
Belekok atawa Kuntul Sawah (Ardeola speciosa) téh manuk darat nu hirupna di sabudeureun ranca atawa pasawahan di Asia Tenggara, ti Viétnam nepi ka Indonésia. Numutkeun klasifikasina, ieu bangsa kuntul téh asup kana kulawarga Ardeidea. Anu jadi kahakanan ieu manuk di antarana keuyeup, gegeremet/serangga, jeung lauk. Panjang awakna 45 cm-an, pamatukna koneng tapi tungtungna hideung, panon jeung cekerna koneng.
Detéktor haseup
Installation and placement
In the UK the placement of detectors are similar however the installation of smoke alarms in new builds need to comply to the British Standards BS5839 pt6.
Belekok
Maskot Porprov Jabar
Belekok dijadikeun maskot Pekan Olahraga Provinsi (Porprov) Jawa Kulon anu ka-10 (taun 2006) di Karawang. Nu jadi dasar taya lian ku sabab dalitna masarakat (tani) Karawang jeung ieu sato, najan ayeuna populasi belekok beuki nyirorot.
Detéktor haseup
Installation and placement
BS 5839: Pt.6: 2004 recommends that a new-build property consisting of no more than 3 floors (less than 200sqm per floor)) should be fitted with a Grade D, LD2 system Building Regulations in England,Wales & Scotland recommend that BS 5839: Pt.6 should be followed, but as a minimum a Grade D, LD3 system should be installed. Building Regulations in Northern Ireland require a Grade D, LD2 system to be installed, with smoke alarms fitted in the escape routes and the main living room and a heat alarm in the kitchen, this standard also requires all detectors to have a main supply and a battery back up. -->
Tumbu kaluar
自動火災報知設備
696 SM
696 SM nyaéta taun ka-696 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Sisarahili, Namohalu Esiwa, Nias Kalér
Sisarahili nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Namohalu Esiwa, Kabupatén Nias Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Juru lima
Dina élmu ukur, juru lima atawa sisi lima nyaéta poligon naon baé anu boga lima juru atawa lima sisi. Sanajan kitu, istilah ieu mindeng dipaké pikeun nujul kana juru lima sarua sisi, di mana kabéh sisina mibanda panjang anu sarua sarta sakabéh sudut juru-juruna sarua badag (108°).
Lega juru lima sarua sisi kalawan panjang sisina a nyaéta
14 Pébruari
14 Pébruari nyaéta poé ka-45 dina sataun dina kalénder Gregorian, sésana 320 poé (321 dina taun kabisat).
Tumbu luar
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_14
Dahana Hiligodu, Namohalu Esiwa, Nias Kalér
Dahana Hiligodu nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Namohalu Esiwa, Kabupatén Nias Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Muhammad Jusuf Kalla
'''Dr. (H.C) Drs. H. Muhammad Jusuf Kalla''', l(lahir 15 Mei 1942) nyaéta saurang pangusaha jeung politikus Indonesia anu jadi Wakil présidén Indonésia ka-10 jeung ka-12. Manéhna ogé mangrupa wakil Presiden Indonesia nu ngajabat 2 kali, manéhna janten Wakil Presiden dina 2 periode henteu berturut-turut. Dina mangsa jabatan kahiji, periode 2004-2009, manéhna ogé ngajabat salaku Ketuaa Umum Partey Golkar. JK jadi calon presiden jeung wiranto dina pilkada 2009 anu didukung ku Golkar jeung Hanura.
Tanggal 19 Mei 2014, JK resmi dicalonkeun jadi calon wakil presiden pikeun marengan Joko Widodo. Pasangan ieu didukung ku PDI-P, Paret Nasdem, PKB, Hanura, jeung PKPI.
Kahirupan Mimiti
Jusuf Kalla dilahirkeun di Watampone, Kabupaten Bone, Sulawesi Kidul dina tanggal 15 Mei 1942 budak ka-2 tina 17 ti papasangan Haji Kalla jeung Athirah, saurang pangusaha katurunan Bugis anu miboga bandera usaha Grup Kalla. Bisnis kaluarga Kalla nyabang sababaraha grup parusahaan di sagala rupa widang industri. Di Makassar, Jusuf Kalla dipikawanoh ku masyarakatna ku sebutan Daeng Ucu.
Pangalaman organisasi kapamudaan jeung mahasiswa Jusuf Kalla nayeta Mahasiswa Islam Indonesia (PII) Cabang Sulawesi Selatan 1960-1964, Kepala HMI Cabang Makassar 1965-1966, Ketua Majelis Mahasiswa Universitas Hasanudin (UNHAS) 1965-1966, jeung katua Presidium Persatuan Aksi Mahasiswa Indonesia (Urang Sunda) 1967-1969. Samemeh asup kana pulitik, Jusuf kalla ngajabat ketua kamar dagang jeung Industri daerah (Kadinda) Sulawesi Selatan. Nepi ka ayeuna, manéhna masih jadi Ketua Ikatan Keluarga Alumni (IKA) Universitas Hasanuddin, sanggeus kapilih deui dina musyawarah September 2006.
Indonesia AirAsia
Indonésia AirAsia nyaéta salah sahiji parusahaan penerbangan nu ongkosna murah, nu puseur na aya di Jakarta. Parusahaan ieu ngajadwalkeun panerbangan domestik jeung internasional, parusahaan ieu mangrupa anak perusahaan ti Raksasa penerbangan ongkos murah ti Malaysia nyaéta AirAsia. Indonésia AirAsia penerbangan domestik beroperasi ti Terminal 3 Bandara Sukarno Hatta, samentara penerbangan internasional-na beroperasi ti Terminal 2E.
Muhammad Jusuf Kalla
Karir pulitik
Jusuf Kalla salaku menteri di Kabinet Persatuan Nasional. Jusuf Kalla ngajabat jadi menteri jaman Abdurrahman Wahid (Présidén RI ka-4), tapi dipecat ku tuduhan milu KKN. Jusuf Kalla diangkat deui jadi Mentri Koordinator Kesejahteraan Rakyat di handapeun Megawati Soekarnoputri (Présidén RI ka-5). Jusuf Kalla engkena mundur jadi menteri lantaran nyalonkeun jadi cawapres, marengan calon présidén Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.
Indonesia AirAsia
Sajarah
Diadegkeun taun 1999 ku mantan présidén Indonésia Abdurrahman Wahid, nami awalna AWAIR (Air Wagon Internasional). Dina tanggal 1 Desember 2005, AWAIR robah nami janten Indonésia AirAsia nuturkeun nami perusahaan indukna AirAsia.
Muhammad Jusuf Kalla
Karir pulitik
Kalayan kameunangan anu dihontal ku Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono salaku Présidén RI ka-6, Jusuf Kalla otomatis ogé meunang kalungguhan Wakil Présidén RI ka-10. Bareng jeung Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, duaan jadi Presiden jeung Wakil Présidén RI kahiji anu dipilih langsung ku rahayat.
Jusuf Kalla salaku Ketua Umum Partéy Golkar, 2004. Manéhna jadi ketua umum Partéy Golkar ngagantikeun Akbar Tanjung ti bulan Désémber 2004 nepi ka 9 Oktober 2009. Dina tanggal 10 Januari 2007, manéhna ngalantik 185 anggota Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kerja Partai Golkar di Kantor DPP Partéy Golkar di Slipi, Jawa Barat. Jakarta anu mayoritasna anggota Partéy Golkar, sarjana, pejabat publik, PNS, pensiunan jenderal, jeung pengamat pulitik anu lolobana boga gelar magister, doktor, jeung profesor.
Ngaliwatan Konferensi Nasional Palang Merah Indonésia XIX, Jusuf Kalla kapilih jadi ketua umum Palang Merah Indonésia periode 2009–2014 sarta kapilih kadua kalina dina Konferensi Nasional XX periode 2014–2019. Salian ti éta, manéhna ogé kapilih jadi ketua umum Déwan Pelaksana Pusat Déwan Masjid Indonésia periode 2012–2017 dina Kongrés VI DMI di Jakarta.
Pamilihan Présidén jeung Wakil Présidén 2014 Periode II
Wakil Présidén RI, Jusuf Kalla nepikeun biantarana di Majelis Umum PBB, taun 2014 di New York, Amérika Sarikat.
Wakil Présidén Indonésia Jusuf Kalla nalika ngabagéakeun kunjungan Perdana Menteri Australia Scott Morrison, 2018. Jusuf Kalla gawé bareng jeung calon présidén Joko Widodo dina Pilpres 2014. Pasangan éta saterusna meunang nomer kadua dina undian sarta miboga tagline populér, "Salam Dua Jari". Ku Komisi Pemilihan Umum, tanggal 22 Juli 2014 atawa genep poé saméméh Idul Fitri 1435 H, Jokowi-JK meunang Pilpres tapi ditolak ku kubu Prabowo-Hatta nu saterusna ngagugat Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK).
Runtuyan sidang di Mahkamah Konstitusi tétéla geus nampik pamundut Prabowo-Hatta camp sarta sacara sah strengthened legitimasi Jokowi-JK urang salaku Presiden kapilih jeung Wapres pikeun periode 2014-2019. JK dilantik jadi wakil présidén tanggal 20 Oktober 2014. Bareng jeung pelantikanana, manéhna jadi wakil présidén munggaran anu kapilih salila dua periode ngaliwatan pamilihan umum. Anjeunna nyéépkeun jabatan kahijina sareng Présidén Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono periode 2004-2009.
Hilibanua, Namohalu Esiwa, Nias Kalér
Hilibanua nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Namohalu Esiwa, Kabupatén Nias Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Muhammad Jusuf Kalla
Kahormatan
Salaku Wakil Présidén, Jusuf Kalla otomatis nampi tujuh penghargaan bintang sipil, nyaéta:
Juru (disambiguasi)
Juru atawa sudut bisa nujul ka sababaraha harti:
Warna primér
Warna primér nurutkeun téori warna pigmén ti Brewster nyaéta warna-warna dasar. Warna-warna séjén dijieun tina kombinasi warna-warna ieu.
Téori warna cahaya
Mimitina, manusa nganggap yén warna primér téh kawangun ku warna beureum, konéng, jeung héjo. Tapi dina panalungtikan satuluyna, disebutkeun tilu warna primér téh nyaéta:
Warna ieu saterusna dipikawanoh salaku warna pigmén primér anu dipaké dina dunya seni rupa. Campuran dua warna primér ngahasilkeun warna sékundér. Campuran warna sékundér jeung warna primér ngahasilkeun warna térsiér.
Téori warna pigmén
Sacara téknis, beureum - konéng - biru, sabenerna lain warna pigmén primér. Tilu warna pigmén primér nyaéta magénta, konéng sarta cyan. (Ku alatan éta lamun nyebutkeun "beureum, konéng, biru" minangka warna pigmén primér, mangka "beureum" nyaéta cara anu kurang akurat pikeun nyebutkeun "magénta" sedengkeun "biru" nyaéta cara anu kurang akurat pikeun nyebutkeun "cyan"). Biru sarta héjo nyaéta warna sékundér dina pigmén, tapi mangrupa warna primér dina cahaya, babarengan jeung beureum.
Landasan biologis
Warna primér nyaéta lain milik cahaya, tapi leuwih mangrupa konsép biologis, anu didasarkeun kana réspon fisiologis panon manusa kana cahaya. Sacara fundaméntal, cahaya nyaéta spéktrum sinambungan ti panjang gelombang, anu hartina aya jumlah warna anu teu kahingga. Tapi, panon manusa normalna ngan ngabogaan tilu rupa pakakas panarima/réséptor anu disebut sél congcot (anu aya dina rétina). Ieu anu ngaréspon panjang gelombang cahaya tinangtu. Manusa sarta spésiés séjén anu ngabogaan tilu rupa réséptor warna disebut mahluk trichromat.
Spésiés anu dipikawanoh minangka tetrachromat, nu boga opat réséptor warna, ngagunakeun opat warna primér. Manusa ngan bisa nempo gelombang nu panjangna nepi ka 400 nanométer, warna wungu, sedengkeun mahluk tetrachromat bisa nempo warna ultraviolét (saluhureun wungu]] nepi ka 300 nanométer, warna primér kaopat ieu jigana perenahna dina spéktrum nu panjang gelombangna leuwih pondok, sarta jigana warna magénta spéktral murni leuwih ti saukur magénta anu ku urang katempo minangka campuran tina beureum jeung biru.
Réa sato tina golongan manuk jeung sato marsupial mangrupa mahluk tetrachromat.
Warna primér aditif
Pakakas / média anu ngagabungkeun pancaran cahaya pikeun nyiptakeun rasa warna ngagunakeun sistem warna aditif. Televisi nyaéta anu pangilaharna. Warna primér aditif nyaéta beureum, héjo jeung biru. Campuran warna cahaya beureum jeung héjo, ngahasilkeun nuansa warna konéng atawa jingga. Campuran héjo jeung biru ngahasilkeun nuansa cyan, sedengkeun campuran beureum jeung biru ngahasilkeun nuansa wungu jeung magénta. Campuran kalawan proporsi saimbang ti warna aditif primér ngahasilkeun nuansa warna kulawu; lamun tilu kelir ieu dihijikeun, mangka hasilna nyaéta warna bodas. Ruang warna/modél warna anu dihasilkeun disebut RGB (red, green, blue).
Tradisional
Beureum, konéng, biru / RYB (red, yellow, blue) mangrupa runtuyan sajarah tina warna primér subtraktif, hususna dipaké dina seni rupa (seni lukis). Ruang warna RYB ngajadikeun triad warna primér dina hiji bunderan warna standar; ogé warna sékundér: wungu, oranyeu/jingga sarta héjo. Triad warna kaususn ku 3 warna anu ekuidistan (jarakna sarua) dina hiji bunderan warna.
Pamakéan warna beureum, biru, konéng minangka warna primér ngahasilkeun gamut (wengkuan warna) anu rélatif heureut, di mana, sawatara warna henteu bisa dihontal ku campuran kasebut. Alatan alesan éta, pacitakan warna modéren ngagunakeun campuran warna magénta, konéng, cyan.
CMYK
Dina industri pacitakan, pikeun ngahasilkeun warna variatif, dilarapkeun pamakéan warna primér subtraktif: magénta, konéng sarta cyan dina ukuran anu rupa-rupa.
Campuran konéng jeung cyan ngahasilkeun nuansa warna héjo; campuran konéng jeung magénta ngahasilkeun nuansa warna beureum, sedengkeun campuran magénta jeung cyan ngahasilkeun nuansa biru. Dina téori, campuran tilu pigmén ieu dina ukuran anu saimbang baris ngahasilkeun nuansa warna kulawu, sarta baris jadi hideung lamun tiluanana disaturasikeun sacara pinuh, tapi dina prakprakanana hasilna condong jadi warna kotor semu coklat. Ku alatan éta, remen ogé dipaké kelir kaopat, nyaéta hideung, minangka tambahan ti cyan, magénta sarta konéng. Ruang warna anu dihasilkeun saterusna disebut CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black). Hideung disebut "K" (key) tina istilah "key plate" dina pacitakan (plat citak anu nyiptakeun rinci artistik dina gambar, biasana ngagunakeun warna mangsi hideung).
698 SM
698 SM nyaéta taun ka-698 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
700 SM
700 SM nyaéta taun ka-700 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Lasara, Namohalu Esiwa, Nias Kalér
Lasara nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Namohalu Esiwa, Kabupatén Nias Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Orahili, Namohalu Esiwa, Nias Kalér
Orahili nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Namohalu Esiwa, Kabupatén Nias Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Tuhenakhe I, Namohalu Esiwa, Nias Kalér
Tuhenakhe I nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Namohalu Esiwa, Kabupatén Nias Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Sisobahili, Namohalu Esiwa, Nias Kalér
Sisobahili nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Namohalu Esiwa, Kabupatén Nias Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Esiwa, Namohalu Esiwa, Nias Kalér
Esiwa nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Namohalu Esiwa, Kabupatén Nias Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
15 Pébruari
15 Pébruari nyaéta poé ka-46 dina sataun dina kalénder Gregorian, sésana 319 poé.(320 dina taun kabisat).
Tumbu luar
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_15
Namohalu, Namohalu Esiwa, Nias Kalér
Namohalu nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Namohalu Esiwa, Kabupatén Nias Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Banua Sibohou, Namohalu Esiwa, Nias Kalér
Banua Sibohou nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Namohalu Esiwa, Kabupatén Nias Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
701 SM
701 SM nyaéta taun ka-701 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
702 SM
702 SM nyaéta taun ka-702 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
703 SM
703 SM nyaéta taun ka-703 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
704 SM
704 SM nyaéta taun ka-704 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
705 SM
705 SM nyaéta taun ka-705 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
16 Pébruari
16 Pébruari nyaéta poé ka-47 dina sataun dina kalénder Gregorian, sésana 318 poé (319 dina taun kabisat).
Tumbu luar
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_16
Laehuwa, Alasa Talumuzoi, Nias Kalér
Laehuwa nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Alasa Talumuzoi, Kabupatén Nias Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
707 SM
707 SM nyaéta taun ka-707 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
Harefanaese, Alasa Talumuzoi, Nias Kalér
Harefanaese nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Alasa Talumuzoi, Kabupatén Nias Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Hilimbowo Kare, Alasa Talumuzoi, Nias Kalér
Hilimbowo Kare nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Alasa Talumuzoi, Kabupatén Nias Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Banua Sibohou III, Alasa Talumuzoi, Nias Kalér
Banua Sibohou III nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Alasa Talumuzoi, Kabupatén Nias Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
Pyeongtaék-si
Pyéongtaék nyaéta salah sahiji kota di Propinsi Gyeonggi, Koréa Kidul. Kota ieu aya di kidul kulon propinsi, mangrupa kota palabuan nu anyar diwangun, diadegkeun taun 1986. Ieu kota mangrupa basis angkatan laut Koréa Kidul sarta tempat ngumpulna tentara Amérika Sarikat. Pamaréntah Koréa ngarencanakeun pikeun ngarobah kota Pyéongtaék jadi puseur ékonomi internasional marengan pindahna United States Forces Korea (USFK) ka Pyéongtaék.
Pamaréntah Amérika Sarikat Koréa Kidul geus sapuk pikeun ngalegaan Camp Humphreys, instalasi Angkatan Bersenjata AS di deukeuteun Pyéongtaek, sarta mindahkeun mayoritas angkatan nu aya di Seoul jeung Kalér Séoul ka wewengkon Camp Humphreys. <!--Invoking eminent domain, the government obtained the surrounding land for the base expansion.
The move also includes the headquarters of the Combined Forces Command, which has operational control of ROK (Republic of Korea), US, and UN combined forces during wartime. The US/ROK agreement allows USFK to move to one centralized location away from the congestion of Seoul and its surrounding areas. This relocation agreement results in returning two-thirds of the land currently used by the United States Military back to the Korean government. By 2008, the US Military will have consolidated 41 installations down to just 10 due to the relocation agreement.
The United States Forces Korea's only jail facility in South Korea is located at Camp Humphreys. To the North West of the Installation is the village of Anjung-ri.
As planned, Yongsan Garrison, located in Seoul, and the Second Infantry Division will be moved to the same area by 2008. The South Korean government's handling of the surrounding land has led to conflict with local farmers in Daechu-ri, Paengseong-eup due to the planned expansion of Camp Humphreys.
Struggles erupted on May 4, when some 13,000 South Korean military soldiers and riot police arrived to guard the land where the new Camp Humphreys was to be built. Farmers could not get to their own land to cultivate their rice. When troops arrived to set up the fencing, residents moved in to block them. The activists claim South Korean military troops injured over 200 people and rounded up 500 more. However, none of the Soldiers were armed on this day and the riot police's main role was to prevent the protestors from attacking the soldiers. On May 5th, a undetermined amount of unarmed Korean Army soldiers were attacked by protestors with pipes and sticks after the riot police prevented the protestors from breaching the site. After a public outcry from the parents of some of the soldiers who were attacked, the government started to equip the soldiers with bamboo sticks and armor. It was the first time since the 1980 Kwangju massacre that the South Korean military, as opposed to riot police, were used against demonstrators.
Pro-expansion protests were also witnessed during this time but at a much smaller scale. The main arguments of the pro-expansion protests were that the protestors that were occupying the Daechu-ri Elementary School were not farmers from the local area but were from an organized anti-US civic group from outside of Pyeongtaek. They estimated that less than 10% of the individuals that were protesting the expansion of Camp Humphreys were actually farmers that were being evicted. --> Osan Air Base aya di Songtan, distrik di Kota Pyéongtaek.
Babagian administratif
Pyéongtaék-si kabagi jadi tilu bagéan gedé nyaéta:
Bagean kaler
Sacara administratif, bagéan kaler ngawengku 10 bagéan (3 myéon, 7 dong)
Sacara hukum, bagéan kaler ngawengku 15 bagéan
Bitaya, Alasa, Nias Kalér
Bitaya nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Alasa, Kabupatén Nias Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
706 SM
706 SM nyaéta taun ka-706 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
708 SM
708 SM nyaéta taun ka-708 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
709 SM
709 SM nyaéta taun ka-709 Saméméh Maséhi dina Kalénder Gregorian.
17 Pébruari
17 Pébruari nyaéta poé ka-48 dina sataun dina kalénder Gregorian, sésana 317 poé (318 dina taun kabisat).
Hilina'a, Alasa Talumuzoi, Nias Kalér
Hilina'a nyaéta salah sahiji Désa di kacamatan Alasa Talumuzoi, Kabupatén Nias Kalér, Propinsi Sumatra Kalér, Indonésia.
17 Pébruari
Kajadian
1979 – Perang Cina-Viétnam dimimitian.
Tumbu luar
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_17
Hilina'a, Alasa Talumuzoi, Nias Kalér
Hilina'a, Alasa Talumuzoi, Nias Utara
Jalan tol Padalarang - Cileunyi
Jalan tol Padalarang - Cileunyi atawa sok disingget Padaleunyi mangrupa jalan tol nu aya di pasisian kota Bandung. Jalan tol ieu mulana nyambungkeun daérah antara kacamatan Padalarang - kota Cimahi - kota Bandung jeung kacamatan Cileunyi.
Tempat istirahat
Ruas jalan tol ieu nyadiakeun tempat kanggo istirahat nyaéta di :
18 Pébruari
18 Pébruari nyaéta poé ka-49 dina sataun dina kalénder Gregorian, sésana 319 poé.(320 dina taun kabisat).
Tumbu luar
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_18
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/18_Februari
PHS
PHS singketan tina kecap-kecap basa Inggris Personal Handy-phone System nyaéta hiji sistem jaringan telekomunikasi mobil anu dijalankeun dina pita frékuénsi 1880-1930 MHz sarta digunakeun utaman di Jepang, Cina, Taiwan jeung sawatara nagara Asia lianna.
Téknologi
PHS pada dasarna mangrupa telepon tanpa kabel saperti DECT, nu boga kamampu pikeun handover ti hiji sél ka sél lianna. Sél-sél PHS téh leutik, kalayan daya transmisi base stationna maksimum 500 mW sarta ngawengku wilayah sapuluh nepi ka ratusan méter (sabagian malah ngawengku nepi ka 2 kilométer dina jarak nu lempeng atawa line-of-sight), béda jeung wengkuan GSM nu nepi ka sababaraha kilométer. Hal ieu ngajadikeun PHS cocog pikeun daérah pakotaan anu padet, tapi henteu praktis pikeun daérah padésaan, sarta ukuran sél nu leutik ogé ngajadikeun PHS hésé atawa henteu mungkin dipaké pikeun nelepon dina kandaraan anu bagerak kalayan gancang.
PHS maké cara aksés pilah waktu TDMA/TDD pikeun métoda aksés kanal radiona, jeung ADPCM 32 kbit/det pikeun codec sorana. Telepon PHS modéren ogé bisa méré rupa-rupa layanan niléy-tambah saperti sambungan data / Internét tanpa kabel nu lajuna gancang (64 kbit/s jeung saluhureunana), aksés WWW, ngirim é-mail, pesen téks katut pamindahan gambar warna.
Téknologi PHS ogé mangrupa pilihan nu populér pikeun nyadiakeun wireless local loop, ni digunakeun pikeun ngeusian kosongna jaringan antara POTS jeung imah langganan.
Pamakéan
PHS munggaran dimekarkeun ku laboratorium NTT Jepang dina taun 1989. Ieu téknologi jauh leuwih gampang dilaksanakeun manan sistem pasaingna saperti PDC atawa GSM. Layanan komérsialna dimimitian ku 3 operator PHS (NTT-Personal, DDI-Pocket jeung ASTEL) di Jepang dina taun 1995. Sanajan kitu, ieu layanan geus dibéré cap "telekomunikasi sélulér jelema miskin (poor man's cellular)", lantaran kakurang dina kamampuh wengkuan jeung roaming. Pangsa pasar PHS di Jepang mimiti ngurangan; NTT DoCoMo, nu nawarkeun NTT Personal, katut ASTEL keur mungkas layananana. Sawatara nagara lianna malah geus mungkas layanan PHS sarta pindah ka GSM.
Tapi PHS malah ngahangkeut di pasar-pasar télékomunikasi di Cina, Taiwan, Viétnam, Banglades, Nigeria, Mali, Tanzania jeung Honduras lantaran waragad pangwangunan jaringan PHS nu saeutik (kira-kira 20% ti waragad jaringan GSM) geus narik haté para operator. Sistem wireless local loop (WLL) nu didasarkeun kana téknologi PHS kiwari dipaké ku nagara-nagara kasebut. Di Cina, jumlah pamaké téknologi PHS ngaronjat nepi ka taun 2005, tapi mimiti turun jumlahna dina taun 2006. Di Cili, Telefónica del Sur dina bulan Maret 2006 nawarkeun layanan telepon nu dumasar kana PHS di sawatara kota di bagian kidul nagara kasebut. Di Brazil, Suporte Tecnologia nawarkeun layanan telepon dumasar PHS di Betim, nagara bagian Minas Gerais sarta Transit Telecom mimiti masang jaringan PHS dina taun 2007.
Layanan roaming PHS sacara global bisa lumangsung anatara Jepang (WILLCOM), Taiwan jeung Thailand.