cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Inyuvesi yase-Eswatini
Sikhungo Sesayensi neSebunjinyela
Lucwaningo lwe-faculty of science lusekelwe etihlokweni letisihlanu letifaka ekhatsi, Kulondvolotwa Kwendzawo, Emandla, Kuphatfwa Kwemanti, Isayensi ye-Computational kanye ne-Mathematical Modelling kanye ne-Research in Indigenous Medicinal and Nutritious Food Plants. Lesikhungo siyindzawo ye-Institute of Research in Traditional Medicine, Medicinal and Indigenous Food Plants. Luhlelo lwesikhatsi lesitako lwalesikhungo kusungula tindzawo tekucwaninga letinsha tekucwaninga nge Isayensi ye-Computational and Mathematical Modelling, Emandla, Kulondvolotwa Kwendzawo kanye neku Kuphatfwa Kwemanti.
Sikhungo Sesayensi neTemphilo
Lesikhungo sitfolakala eMbabane campus leceleni kwe-sibhedlela lesikhulu saHulumende lapha Eswatini. Sikhungo Sesayensi neTemphilo sinematiko etemfundvo lalandzelako:
Sikhungo of Humanities
Tinhlelo te-undergraduate letiniketwa sitifiketi se-Diploma in Journalism and Mass Communication, Bachelor of Arts (Humanities), Bachelor of Arts, Journalism kanye Mass Communication. Kuhlanganiswa kwetincenye letimbili letinkhulu tiniketelwa i-B.A. (Humanities) degree. Lesikhungo siphindze sinikete i-B.A. (Humanities) ngekusebentisa litiko letemfundvo yakhashane.
Bulephelo
Bulephelo bubhebhetseka busuka kulomunye umuntfu buye kulomunye. Kukholelwa ekutseni bundlulela kulomunye ngekukhwehlela noma kutsintsa lokusamanti lokuphuma emphumulweni yemuntfu lonalesifo. Bulephelo buvame kuba khona ikakhulukati kulabo labahluphekako kantsi kukholelwa kutsi bundluliselwa ngekuphefumula. Lokuhlukile kulombono lekukholelwa kuwo, kutsi asitsatselani. Tinhlobo letimbili letibalulekile tetifo ticondziswe kulenombolo yemagciwane lakhona: paucibacillary ne multibacillary. Letinhlobo letimbili tihlukaniswa ngenombolo yekungabi nembala lokahle, kuba nensindze esikhunjeni, ne paucibacillary ibe sihlanu noma lembalwa ne multibacillary lenaletindlula kusihlanu Lokuhlolwa kwalesifo kucinisekiswa ngekutfolakala kwe-esidi lebitwa nge bacilli leyentiwa nge-biopsy yesikhumba noma ngekubuka I-DNA kusetjentiswa i-polymerase leluchungechunge
Inyuvesi yase-Eswatini
Umlandvo
Luhlelo lwabo njinyela-betebucwephesha kanye ne-lwabogesi loluniketwa Sikhungo Sesayensi neSabonjinyela lukhombisa sidzingo sekutfutfukisa ngekushesha lwati lwesayensi netheknoloji kulelive.
Kusukela yatfola sitfunti sekuba yiyunivesithi ekucaleni kwemnyaka wa 1980, i-UNESWA ikhule ngekulandzela umgomo wayo lomkhulu, lowu kusita imitamo yekutfutfukisa sive ngekukhicita tisebenti. Umkhicito webothishela, bahlengikati kanye netati tetekulima ukhule kancane kancane, kantsi ema-degree lamabili laniketwa ku-humanities kanye naku-sayensi akhelwe kuniketa bothishela likhono lekufundzisa tifundvo letingetulu kwasinye, lokuyincenye lebalulekile lapho khona kunesidzingo sebothishela.
Bulephelo
Bulephelo butsintse bantfu iminyaka letinkhulungwane. Lesifo sitsatsa ligama laso kuligama lesiLathini lelitsi lepra, lokusho kutsi “kuhlubeka”, ngalesikhatsi leligama “sifo se-Hansen” laniketwa ngemuva kwalodokotela lobitwa nga Gerhard Armauer Hansen. Kuhlukanisa bantfu ngekubabeka kusenteka etindzaweni letifana ne india, I-China, ne Afrika. Noma kunjalo, emakholoni lamanyenti avaliwe njengoba bulephelo abutsatselani. kucwaswa emmangweni bekuhambisana nebulephelo yintfo yakudzala, kantsi kusachubeka kuba ngumngcele ekutseni bantfu batikhulumele nabagula nekulapheka ngesikhatsi. Labanye leligama lelitsi Bulephelo balitsatsa njengalelitfukako, banconota lomusho lotsi “bantfu labagulwa bulephelo”. Lilanga leBulephelo Velonkhe lacalwa nga 1954 kutsi kwatiswe.
Umhlanga (umkhosi)
Umkhosi wemhlanga ngumkhosi wemaswati, uba khona kanye ngemnyaka nakuyophela inyanga Yengci nobe nakucala inyanga yeNyoni. Emashumi etinkhulungwane temantfombatana kanye nebafati labangakashadi futsi labangenabantfwana basuka etindzaweni letehlukene baye esigodlweni eLudzidzini kute bahlanganyele kulomcimbi wemalanga lasishiya galombili. Emantfombatana lamancane, langakashadi afakwa emabutfweni ebantfu labasikati labontsanga yabo; emantfombatane lakhulelwe angakashadi imindeni yakubo ihlawuliswa inkhomo.
ENingizimu Afrika
Lomkhosi waphindze wacalwa yiNkhosi Goodwill Zwelethini nga-1991, njengendlela yekukhutsata emantfombatana lamancane emaZulu kutsi angasheshi alale angakatsatfwa, ngesikhatsi lesifanako kunciphiswe ematfuba ekwandzisa ligciwane lembulalave. Ngemnyaka wa-2007, emantfombatana lacishe abe ngu-30 000 ahlanganyela kulomkhosi. Bahleli balomcimbi ngalesinye sikhatsi bashaye imitsetfo lecinile kubatsebuli betitfombe, njengoba labanye babo basolwa ngekushicilela titfombe talomkhosi emakhasini angcondvomshina lakhombisa titfombe letikhombisa kungcola.
Njengencenye yalomkhosi, letintfombi tigidzela inkhosi yato ticimbile, futsi intfombi ngayinye iphatsa umhlanga lomudze, lojikwako njengobe kusondzelwa ngasenkhosini. Emantfombatane ayanakisisa nakakhetsa umhlanga, akhetsa umhlanga lomudze nalocinile, abese ayawuphatsa uphakame wendlule tinhloko tawo abe ahamba kancane akhuphukela entsabeni esigodlweni Enyokeni. Loluhambo luholwa yinkhosatana lenkhulu yemaZulu, leba ngusogcamile kuwo wonkhe lomkhosi. Nangabe lomhlanga uphuka ngaphambi kwekutsi kufikwe lawujikwa khona, loko kutsatfwa njengeluphawu lwekutsi lentfombatana seyikile yalala.
Eswatini
Eswatini, emantfombatane acala lomkhosi ngekuhlangana lakuhlala khona iNdlovuzazi, esigodlweni eLudzidzini. Ngemuva kwekufika esigodlweni, ngebusuku lobulandzelako lamantfombatane abese aya etindzaweni letihluhlukane letidvutane ayogeca umhlanga lomudze. Ngebusuku lobulandzelako nasekagece lomhlanga abese awubuyela emuva eNdlovukazini kute usentjentiswe kuvusetela liguma leligegetela sigodlo.
ENingizimu Afrika
Eminyakeni leyendlulile, Mengameli wase Ningizimu Afrika, Jacob Zuma bekaya kulomkhosi(yena angumZulu), kanye naZweli Mkhize, lobekanguNdvunankhulu wakaZulu-Natal.
ENingizimu Afrika, lomkhosi watiwa ngekutsi Ngumkhosi woMhlanga, futsi wentiwa njalo ngemnyaka ngenyanga yeNyoni eSigodlweni saseNyokeni kaNongoma Enyokeni, KaZulu-Natal. Emantfombatane aphuma kuto tonkhe tincenye takaZulu, futsi eminyakeni lembalwa leyendlulile kukhona emacembu lamancane lasuka Eswatini, kanye netindzawo letikhashane letifana neBotswana nePondoland.
Eswatini
Ngemuva kwelilanga lekuphumula nekugeza, letintfombi tilungisa imvunulo yato lehlanganisa, ligcebesha, emacakala lancibilikile lentiwe ngemakhukhunathi, umgaco, kanye nendlamu. Labanyenti babo baphatsa bocelemba lebebasebentisa nabageca umhlanga, loku kuluphawu lwebutfobhi babo.
Luhlobo lwamanje lwemkhosi wemhlanga lwasungulwa ngemnyaka wa-1940 lususelwa elisikweni lwemcwasho, lapho khona emantfombatana lasemancane abekwa emibutsanweni yeminyaka kute kucinisekiswe kutsi atintfombi ntfo. Uma sebafike eminyakeni yekutstfwa, bebenta umsebenti iNdlovukazi bese bayagidza futsi badle. Inhloso leyinhloko yalomcimbi wemnyaka kugcina bumsulwa bentfombi, kanye nekwakha bunye kubantfu labasikati ngekusebenta ndzawonye.
ENingizimu Afrika
Onkhe emantfombatana ahlowa butfobhi ngaphambi kwekutsi avunyelwe kutsi angenele lomgidvo wasebukhosini. Eminyakeni yakamuva lenchubo yekuhlola butfobhi ihlangabetane nekuphikiswa lokutsite.
Emantfombatana avunula imvunulo yesintfu, lefaka ekhatsi lokwakhiwe ngebuhlalu, izigege, izinculuba kanye ne-imintsha lekhombisa imikhono yawo. Aphindze agcoke emacakala, emasongo, imigexo, kanye nemabhande lanemibala lemihle. Libhande ngalinye linemibala leyehlukene, lokukhombisa kutsi lentfombatana yatsembiswa yini nobe cha.
Tingucuko talamuhla
Kadzeni tintfombi betivame kulala ngaphandle endzaweni levulekile, kani lamuhla tilala emathendeni. Lamuhla tiphindze titfwalwe ngemaloli esikhundleni sekuhamba emabanga lamadze titfwele umhlanga. Kusetjentiswa imibhobho ekucaliseni tingoma kanye nekumemetela kutsi nguyiphi ingoma letawuhlatjelwa. Tintfombi setimenyetwa emsakatweni, emaphephandzabeni, kubomabonakudze kani kadzeni bekutfunyelwa emajaha ahambe live lonkhe lakangwane netigodzi amemetela.
Eswatini
Letintfombi tiyahlabela, tigidze embikwemndemi wasebukhosini kanye nesicumbi sebantfu labahloniphekile, tibukeli, kanye netivakashi. Ngemuva kwakugiya, emabutfo etintfombi lavela etigodzini letikhetsiwe eta emkhatsini wenkhundla kute agidzele sicumbi sebantfu lababukele. Emakhosatane ahlanganyela kulomkhosi agidze futsi wona abonakala ngetinsiba teligwalalagwala labalifaka enhloko.
Emasiko aseSwatini
Lelisiko lemaSwati yindlela yekuphila nemasiko ebantfu baseSwatini ngetindlela letehlukene temlandvo. Lelisiko lebantfu baseSwatini lifaka ekhatsi umculo, kudla, inkholo, takhiwo, kanye nebudlelwane, kanye naletinye tintfo letinyenti. Bantfu baseSwatini bakhiwa ngemacembu lehlukene emaNguni lakhuluma lulwimi lwesiNguni lokusiSwati. Labantfu bahlala kakhulu eSwatini nase Ningizimu Afrika. Kwanyalo, bantfu baseSwatini bangafaka ekhatsi takhamuti tase-Eswatini. E-Eswatini, lesinye sici lesibonakalako semasiko kusakhiwo setembusave sesintfu sesive kanye nasekhaya. Esigabeni savelonkhe, iNgwenyama ("Lion", noma iNkhosi) itsatfwa njengenhloko yesive eceleni kweNdlovukati ("She-Elephant", noma Make Ndlovukazi ) longumholi wemoya wesive. Imicimbi yemasiko esive ivame kufaka ekhatsi iNgwenyama noma iNdlovukati. Ekhaya, umholi wemndeni uyinhloko futsi esikhatsini lesendlulile, bekavame kutsatsa sitsembu. Lomholi, lovame kubitwa ngekutsi ng-umnumzane ubaluleke kakhulu kuyo yonkhe imisebenti yasekhaya. Licembu letindlu takha umphakatsi kanye nendzawo labahlala kuyo kwakha sigodlo noma umphakatsi. Tindvuna letiningi takha inkhundla lebeyiyincenye yesifundza selive. Loku kuhlanganisa luhlelo lwekuhola lwendzabuko loludzala netinhlobo tahulumende tesimanje.
Umsuka wemaSwati
Emkhatsini welikhaya lesintfu kunesibaya setinkhomo, indzawo lelijika lebiyelwe ngetingodvo letinkhulu letihlangene nemagala. Sibaya setinkhomo sinemisimeto kanye nekubaluleka njengentfo yekugcina umcebo kanye neluphawu lwedvumo. Sinemigodzi lenetinhlavu levaliwe. Macondzana nendlu yetinkhomo kunendlu lenkhulu lehlala gogo welikhaya.
Inyuvesi yaseSwatini
I-Nyuvesi yaseSswatini (noma i-UNESWA; lebeyatiwa ngekutsi yi-Nyuvesi yase Swaziland, noma i-UNISWA) inyuvesi yesive yase-Eswatini.
Umhlanga (umkhosi)
Imphikiswano Yebungcunu
Emavidiyo ekugidza ngemhlanga ake abekelwa imincela ka-YouTube ngekutsi angabukelwa bantfu bebudzala lobutsite, loku kwabatfukutselisa labo lebebawafakile. Loku kufaka ekhatsi Lazi Dlamini, inhloko ye-TV Yabantu, inkampani yekukhicita emavidiyo ku-inthanethi lehlose kukhicita tintfo letivikelako, tilondvolote futsi tibuyisele timiso taseAfrika. Kusebenta nemacembu emasiko langetulu kwa-200 kulo lonkhe lelive kanye nasedolobheni lase-Eswatini, Dlamini wahlela luhlelo lwekubhikisha lwekumelana ne-Google kute abaphocelele kutsi bacabange kabusha ngesimo sabo. I-YouTube yacolisa, futsi yavumela kubukiswa kwemavidiyo emasiko ase-Afrika. Ngekusho kwemmeleli walenkampani, basusa lomncele, njengoba kungasiyo imitsetfo ya-Google "yekucindzetela kungcunu etimeni lapho kufaneleka khona ngekwemasiko nobe ngekwesintfu".
Eswatini
Ngesikhatsi salomkhosi, inkhosi, isitwa ngumake wayo kanye nadzadzewayo lomdzala, ikhetsa emantfombatana langu-365. Incenye lenkhulu yemantfombatana langu-365 itawuhlala esigodlweni lesisemkhatsini weMbabane. Kulaba labangu-365, inkhosi ingakhetsa umfati lomusha, kodvwa loku akwenteki njalo ngemnyaka.
Imibhalo lebhalwe phansi
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Inyuvesi yaseSwatini
Umlandvo
Luhlelo lwabo njinyela-betebucwephesha kanye ne-lwabogesi loluniketwa Sikhungo Sesayensi neSabonjinyela lukhombisa sidzingo sekutfutfukisa ngekushesha lwati lwesayensi netheknoloji kulelive.
Emasiko aseSwatini
Kunemicimbi nemasiko esive lafana nemhlanga, emaganu kanye nencwala leyentiwa etindzaweni tasebukhosini teNgwenyama neteNdlovukazi. Imicimbi yemasiko endzawo emiphakatsini noma yebantfubendzawo, yentiwa endlini yetindvuna lephindze yatiwe ngekutsi yi-miphakatsini. Imishado, imingcwabo kanye nemicimbi yenkholo kuvame kwentiwa emakhaya emindeni lapho bomakhelwane bavame kumenywa khona kutsi bahlanganyele.
Umhlanga
Umkhosi we-Umhlanga lamuhla awusiwo umkhosi wasendvulo kepha kutfutfukiswa kwemgidvo lomdzala wekulahla-"umchwasho". Kulogidvo wekulahla "umchwasho", onkhe emantfombatana lasemancane abekwa ebutfweni lwebesifazane. Nangabe kukhona intfombatana lekhulelwa ngaphandle kwemshado, umndeni wayo ukhokha inhlawulo yenkhomo yinye endvuneni yendzawo. Ngemuva kweminyaka leminyenti, ngesikhatsi lamantfombatana sekafike eminyakeni yekushada, bekenta umsebenti wekusebentela iNdlovukazi, agcine ngekugidza kanye nekudla. Lelive belibuswa ngumgidvo wekuhlanteka we "umchwasho" kwaze kwaba ngu 19 Ingci 2005.
Inyuvesi yaseSwatini
Lasungulwa ngemtsetfo wephalamende nga-1982. Inyuvesi yakhula kusuka eNyuvesi yaseBotswana, Lesotho naseSwaziland (UBLS), lebeyatiwa ngekutsi yi-University of Basutoland, Bechuanaland and Swaziland ( UBBS), leyasungulwa nga-1964. Yaba yi-Nyuvesi yase Botswana nase Swaziland ngesikhatsi i-Lesotho campus iphuma kulelicembu yentela kwakha i-National University of Lesotho mhlaka-20 Imphala 1975, yase iba yi-Nyuvesi yavelonkhe letimele nga-1982.
Umhlanga (umkhosi)
Emalungiselelo
Kubukwa simo senyeti, kute kutobukwa lilanga lotocala ngalo lomkhosi. Lomkhosi ubakhona naseyigcwele inyeti. Kuhlolwa tidzidzi temhlanga, kubukwe kutsi lomhlanga unganani nekutsi ukulungele yini kugecwa. Emalungiselelo afaka ekhatsi, kubuka tindzawo letitolala kito letintfombi, kulungisa kudla lokutodliwa nguletintfombi, kulungisa kwekuhamba lokutotfwala letintfombi kusukela emiphakatsini yato tiye esigodlweni. Emalungiselelo lentiwa emphakatsini afaka ekhatsi kukhetsa tindvuna letine letitohola letintfombi. Nakuvela simo lesiphutfumako, tindvuna letimbili titfunyelwa emuva ekhaya tiyobika ngesimo lesesivelile. Kusenesikhatsi tintfombi tiyacala tilungiselele tingoma letitawuhlatjelwa tiphindze tigidze. Ekhaya intfombatane ihlanganisa yonkhe imvunulo letayidzinga kute iwulungele kahle lomkhosi.
Emasiko aseSwatini
Incwala
Umcimbi lobaluleke kakhulu wemasiko e-Eswatini ngumcimbi we-Ncwala. Ugujwa ngelilanga lesine ngemuva kwenyeti legcwele lesedvute nelilanga lelidze, mhlaka 21 enyangeni yeNgongoni. Incwala ivame kuhunyushwa ngesiNgisi ngekutsi 'umkhosi wekucala wetitselo', kepha kunambitsa kweNkhosi kwesivuno lesisha kungulenye yetintfo letinyenti kulomkhosi lomudze. Incwala ihunyushwa kahle ngekutsi yi-Kingship Ceremony. Nangabe kute inkhosi, kute i-Incwala. Kuyinhlamba lenkhulu kutsi nobe ngubani angabamba Incwala.
Onkhe emaSwati angahlanganyela etincenyeni letahlukahlukene te-Ncwala. Sicongo salomcimbi lilanga lesine le-Incwala Lenkhulu. Bantfu lababalulekile yiNkhosi, iNdlovukazi, bafati kanye nebantfwana, tindvuna, tikhulu, emabutfo, kanye ne "bemanti" nobe "bantfu bemanti".
Buciko kanye nemisebenti yetandla
Buciko bemaSwati buhluka kusuka etintfweni letibunjiwe kuya etintfweni tekutihlobisa kanye naletinye tintfo letinyenti. Ngekwemlandvo bantfu baseSwazi benta tintfo tekutihlobisa kanye netimphahla ngebuhlalu. Sibonelo saloku li-ligcebesha, umgexo lonemibala lemihle kanye ne-indlamu kanye nesiketi lesinemibala lemibili semantfombatana. Tintfo letibunjiwe temlandvo e-Eswatini tifaka ekhatsi emabhodo elubumba lasetjentiswa ekwetfwaleni emanti, kupheka kwetjwala kanye nekuhlobisa. Lamabhodo elubumba abitwa ngekutsi tindziwo. Titja letentiwe ngetigodvo betatiwa kakhulu njengetintfo tekuphakela, sibonelo, i-umcwembe lebeyisetjentiswa ekudleni inyama. EmaSwati aphindze ente tintfo letinyenti asebentisa tjani lobukhetsekile. Loku kufaka ekhatsi tjani lobitwa ngekutsi ng-emacansi kanye ne-tihlantsi. Letinye tintfo letentiwe ngetjani mishanyelo, emabhasikidi kanye nalokunye.
Umhlanga
Umcimbi wemasiko lowatiwa kakhulu e-Eswatini ngumcimbi loba khona njalo ngemnyaka we-Umhlanga. Kulomcimbi wemalanga lasiphohlongo, emantfombatana agawula tinhlanga, atinikete iNdlovukazi bese ayagidza. (Kute umncintiswano losemtsetfweni.) Yentiwa ekupheleni kw-Ingci noma ekucaleni kwe-Nyoni. Ngemantfombatana langakashadi kuphela letebantfwana langahlanyela kulomkhosi. Tinhloso talomcimbi kugcina umtimba wemantfombatana umsulwa, kuhlonipha iNdlovukazi kanye nekugcugcutela kusebentisana ngekusebenta ndzawonye. Umndeni wasebukhosini ukhetsa intfombi leyetayelekile kutsi ibe "indvuna" (umholi) yemantfombatana bese umemetela emsakatweni tinsuku talomcimbi. Kufanele ane ngu lonelikhono ngekugidza futsi abe nelwati ngemitsetfo yasebukhosini. Lomunye wemadvodzakati eNkhosi utawuba ngumlingani wakhe.
Inyuvesi yaseSwatini
Sikhungo seSayensi neBatsengi
Lesikhungo siniketa titifiketi tema-degrees kuma undergraduate (B.Sc.) kanye nema post-graduate (M.Sc.)
Emasiko aseSwatini
Umsuka wemaSwati
Indzawo lenkhulu naleyinhloko kusekhaya, indlu yesintfu lenetjani lobomile. Likhaya lelinesitsembu, umfati ngamunye unendlu yakhe kanye nelibala leligegeletelwe tindvonga temhlanga. Kunetakhiwo letintsatfu tekulala, kupheka, kanye nekugcina (nephisa tjwala). Emakhaya lamakhulu kuphindze kube netakhiwo letisetjentiswa njengendzawo yekuhlala yebafana labasengakashadi kanye netindzawo tekuhlala tetivakashi.
Inyuvesi yaseSwatini
Lenyuvesi inetikhungo letisiphohlongo, letitfolakala kuma-campus lamatsatfu enyuvesi. I-Luyengo campus inetikhungo teTekulima neSayensi yeBatsengi, i-Mbabane campus inetindzawo teSayensi yeTemphilo, kantsi i-Kavuseni campus ngiyo i-campus leyinhloko nalenkhulu. I-Nyuves yse- Eswatini iyisikhungo semfundvo lephakeme, iniketa ema-bachelor's degrees. Kunetinhlelo letimbalwa tekuphotfula letifaka ekhatsi tinhlelo letimbili te-Ph.D.
Emasiko aseSwatini
Buciko kanye nemisebenti yetandla
I-Eswatini iphindze yatiwe ngemisebenti yabo lemihle emisebentini yetandla. Emabhizinisi emisebenti wetandla lasebentako ase-Eswatini acasha bantfu labangetulu kwa-2 500, linyenti labo labasikati (ngekusho kwe-TechnoServe Swaziland Handcrafts Impact Study,"February 2011). Lemikhicito ihlukile futsi iveta emasiko ase-Eswatini, kusuka etintfweni tasendlini, ekuhlobiseni ngebuciko, kuya engilazini leyinkimbinkimbi, ematje, nobe buciko lobentiwe ngetigodvo nome ematje.
Inyuvesi yaseSwatini
Temfundvo
Inyuvesi ihlukaniswe ngetikhungo teTekulima, Isayensi yeBatsengi, Isayensi yetemphilo, Imfundvo, Imfundvo yeBantfu, Tekutsengiselana, Isayensi & Bunjiniyela, kanye neSayensi yetenhlalakahle. Kuphindze kube ne-Litiko Letemfundvo Yakhashane (IDE) lenemtfwalo wekukhipha tonkhe ticondziso temfundvo yakhashane. Litiko Letemfundvo lechubekako inemtfwalo wetinhlelo temfundvo lechubekako ezingeni le-masters kanye ne-doctorate. Inyuvesi iphindze ibe yindzawo yemtapo wetincwadzi lomkhulu kakhulu e-Eswatini. Umtapo wetincwadzi unemagatja kuwo onkhe ema-campus lamatsatfu kutsi umtapo wetincwadzi loyinhloko nalomkhulu utfolakala e-Kavaluseni, i-campus lenkhulu.
Umlandvo
Imfundvo lephakeme e-Eswatini yacala ngekusungulwa kwe-Nyuvesi yase Basutoland, Bechuanaland nase Swaziland nga-1964 futsi yachubeka nge-Nyuvesi yase-Botswana nase-Swaziland emkhatsini wa-1976 na-1982. Kwaze kwaba ngemuva kwekuhlukana kwalenhlanganisela ye-nyuvesi nga-1982 lapho iNyuvesi yaseSwaziland (UNISWA) yasungulwa khona. I-Swaziland Agricultural College kanye ne-University Centre, leyacalwa nga-1966, yatfutfuka ngekwehlukana, futsi nyalo yakha i-UNESWA's Faculty of Agriculture futsi isendzaweni yase-Luyengo campus yaleyonyuvesi. Labemukelako kakhulu kuletifundvo letiniketwako tisebenti letisebentela Litiko Letekulima Netemfundvo.
Emasiko aseSwatini
Umsuka wemaSwati
Inhloko yelikhaya ibaluleke kakhulu kuto tonkhe tindzaba telikhaya futsi ivame kutsatsa sitsembu. Uhola ngesibonelo futsi weluleka bafati bakhe kuto tonkhe tindzaba tasekhaya kanye nekubona kusindza kwemndeni. Uphindze acitse sikhatsi ahlangane futsi acoca nebafana labancane, labavame kuba ngemadvodzana akhe nobe tihlobo letisedvute, abaceceshe ngetintfo letilindzeleke kubo njengobe bakhula kanye nekuba yindvodza.
Inyuvesi yaseSwatini
Kubusa nekuphatsa
I-University of Eswatini ibuswa ngumkhandlu we-Nyuvesi lokhetfwa ngu-Chancellor. Chancellor walenyuvesi yi-Nkhosi Mswati III. Kulomsebenti, uniketa tonkhe titifiketi tekuphotfula ngesikhatsi semcimbi wekuphotfula enyuvesi. Kuphatsa kwamalanga onkhe enyuvesi kungumsebenti weliSekela laChancellor ngelusito lwaPro-Vice-Chancellor. Bobabili bakhetfwa nguMkhandlu weNyuvesi futsi bayatiphendvulela kuwo. Lisekela laChancellor nguphrofesa J.M Thwala. Ngekwengeta, kuneSigungu Lesiphetse saseNyuvesi lesinemtfwalo wekwengamela ligunya letemfundvo enyuvesi. Sihlalo wayo lilSekela laChancellor. Tikhungo enyuvesi tiphetfwe bo-Deans labaphindze babe bosihlalo kumabhodi etikhungo. Bayatiphendvulela eSigungwini Lesiphetse saseNyuvesi. Letinye tiphatsimandla talenyuvesi tinemtfwalo wetindzaba letehlukahlukene letifana na-Dean wetindzaba tebafundzi, Registrar, Physical Planner kanye naletinye.
Sikhungo seTentsengiselwano
Lesikhungo sitfolakala e-campus lenkhulu eKwaluseni. Inematiko lamibili lokulitiko le-Accounting kanye ne-Business Administration futsi iniketa tinhlelo te-undergraduate kuphela. Ema-undergraduate majors e-Bachelor of Commerce degree yi-Accounting, Management and Marketing. Lesikhungo siphindze sinikete sitifiketi se-Diploma in Commerce.
Kubusa nekuphatsa
Bafundzi bamelelwa Ngumkhandlu Lomelela Bafundzi (SRC) lenakekela lihhovisi Letenhlalakahle Yebafundzi lephetfwe ngu-Dean wetindzaba tebafundzi. Tindzaba letiphatselene nendzawo yekuhlala yebafundzi kumacampus kungumtfwalo wabo-warden nabo lababukwe Lihhovisi Letenhlalakahle Yebafundzi.
Sikhungo Sesayensi neTemphilo
Lesikhungo sitfolakala eMbabane campus leceleni kwe-sibhedlela lesikhulu saHulumende lapha Eswatini. Sikhungo Sesayensi neTemphilo sinematiko etemfundvo lalandzelako:
Sikhungo Sesayensi neSebunjinyela
Lesi sikhungo lesiyinhloko sekufundzisa kanye nekucwaninga tinhlelo tesayensi kanye netebucwepheshe Eswatini. Lesikhungo sitfolakala endzaweni yesayensi lesemkhatsini weyunivesithi. Lesikhungo sihlukaniswe ngematiko e-Chemistry, Biology, Geography, Environmental Science and Planning (GEP), Physics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Mathematics, kanye ne-Computer Science.
Sikhungo seSayensi neBatsengi
Lesikhungo sitfolakala eLuyengo campus. Lesikhungo sakhiwa ngulamatiko lalandzelako:
Emasiko aseSwatini
Tangoma
Sangoma ngumuntfu lobhula asebentisa imimoya lokhetfwe bokhokho balomndeni. Kuceceshwa kwe Sangoma kubitwa ngekutsi "kutfwasa". Ekupheleni kwalokuceceshwa, kuba nemcimbi wekuphotfula lapho khona tonkhe tangoma tendzawo tihlangana ndzawonye kute tidle futsi tidlale. Umbhuli usetjentiswa ngetizatfu letehlukahlukene, lapho kunekugula noma ngisho kunekufa. Kuhlolwa kwaloyo muntfu kusekelwe e-"kubhuleni", inchubo yekukhulumisana, ngekusebentisa imimoya, nemandla emvelo lamakhulu. Inyanga (umcwaningi wetekwelapha kanye nemitsi ngemagama esilumbi) unemakhono ekujikijela ematsambo lasetjentiswa kutfola imbangela yalesifo.
Inyuvesi yaseSwatini
Sikhungo Semfundvo
Lesikhungo sitfolakala eKwaluseni campus futsi sinematiko etemfundvo lalandzelako:
Litiko Letemfundvo Yakhashane
IDE yindzawo lenkhulu yekufundza khashane enyuvesi nakulelive. Itfolakala e-campus lenkhulu endzaweni yaka-IDE. Ngesiqubulo lesitsi "Kutsatsa Imfundvo yaseNyuvesi Kubantfu Kunekutsi Bantfu Baye eNyuvesi", isita ematiko etemfundvo ngekuniketa tinhlobonhlobo tekufundza letikhashane tetinhlelo letikhona. IDE iniketa ticu letisitfupha leti: Sitifiketi ngesiFulentji, sitifiketi se-Diploma in Commerce, Sitifiketi se-Diploma Ngetemtsetfo, i-Bachelor of Commerce, yi-Bachel of Arts in Humanities kanye ne-Bachelor of Education in Adult Education.
Sikhungo Semfundvo
The faculty offers undergraduate programmes leading to the B.Ed. degree and some departments within the Faculty also offer post-graduate programmes leading to the M.Ed. degree.
Umlandvo
Kusukela yatfola sitfunti sekuba yiyunivesithi ekucaleni kwemnyaka wa 1980, i-UNESWA ikhule ngekulandzela umgomo wayo lomkhulu, lowu kusita imitamo yekutfutfukisa sive ngekukhicita tisebenti. Umkhicito webothishela, bahlengikati kanye netati tetekulima ukhule kancane kancane, kantsi ema-degree lamabili laniketwa ku-humanities kanye naku-sayensi akhelwe kuniketa bothishela likhono lekufundzisa tifundvo letingetulu kwasinye, lokuyincenye lebalulekile lapho khona kunesidzingo sebothishela.
Ema-campus
Lama-campus lamatsatfu achelelene ngemakhilomitha langu-40:
Sikhungo Sesayensi neteNhlalakahle
Lesikhungo sesayensi sakhiwa ngematiko eTemnotfo, ete-Mtsetfo, ete-Politiki neTekufundza, yeSociology kanye neStatistics kanye neDemography. Litiko Letemtsetfo liniketa luhlelo lweMtsetfo kuphela enyuvesi nakulelive. I-Bachelor of Laws (LL.B. ) luhlelo lolukhulu lwekufundza emfundvweni yetemtsetfo futsi sitifiketi se-Diploma yeMtsetfo siniketwa nge-Litiko Letemfundvo Yakhashane. Kute luhlelo lwemtsetfo lwekuphotfula. Lamatiko lasele aniketa tifundvo letinkhulu letiholela ku-Bachelor of Arts (Social Science) noma i-B.A.S.S. Inhlanganisela lenkhulu yetimfindvo letimbili ivamile ematikweni lanelitfuba lekuhlanganiswa netibalo letiniketwa Sikhungo Sesayensi.
Sikhungo of Humanities
Luhlelo lwekuphotfula kuphela lolutfolakalako yi-Master of Arts in History ngekusebentisa Litiko Letemfundvo Lechubekako.
Luphiko luneminyango lelandzelako: Emakhono ekuchumana, Tilwimi tase-Afrika kanye netincwadzi, Lulwimi lwaseNgilandi kanye netincenye, Umlandvo, Tintsatseli kanye Netekuchumana kwebantfu labanyenti kanye neTemfundziso Yenkholo kanye netifundvo tetenkholo.
Sikhungo Setekulima
Lesikhungo sitfolakala ku-campus yase Luyengo lesemkhatsini we Malkerns ne Bhunya. Lesikhungo sehlukaniseleka etikweni leTekulima kanye neBunjiniyela leTintfo Letitfolako, Tekulima Temnotfo Nekuphatsa, Temfundvo yeTekulima Nekukhulisa, Isayensi yetilwane, Isayensi yeBatsengi, Kukhicitwa kwetitjalo kanye neHorticulture. Lesikhungo siniketa tifundvo letincane te-Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Management, Agricultural Education, Agronomy, Animal Science, Animal Science (Dairy), and Horticulture.
Sikhungo Sesayensi neSebunjinyela
Luhlelo lwe-undergraduate luvame kufaka ekhatsi kuhlanganiswa kwetincenye letimbili letinkhulu etikweni le-B.Sc. degree. Tibonelo talokuhlanganiswa kwaletincenye letimbili yi-Physics and Mathematics, Chemistry and Biology kanye ne-Mathematics and Computer Science. Inhloso yesikhungo bekukucecesha bafundzi ngenhloso yekutsi babe bothishela, labanye bachubeke nekufundza Bunjinyela kanye ne-Budokotela ngaphandle kwelive.
Tinhlelo te-undergraduate tiniketwa yi-Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) kanye ne-Bachelor of Engineering (B.Eng.) lengaphansi kwelitiko le-Electrical and Electronic Engineering.
Litiko Letemfundvo Lechubekako
Lelitiko linemtfwalo wekwenta tonkhe tinhlelo tekuphotfula enyuvesi. Lelitiko nyalo liniketa ema-degree lamanyenti e-Masters kanye ne-Doctorate. Tinhlelo te-masters tiniketwa ngekubambisana neminyango yeMfundvo yeBantfu Labadzala, Temnotfo weTekulima kanye Nekuphatsa, Imfundvo yeTekulima kanye nekwandzisa, Ikhemisi, Kukhicitwa Kwetitjalo, Ikharikhulamu kanye Nekufundzisa, Sisekelo Semfundvo kanye Nekuphatsa, kanye Nemlandvo. Luhlelo lwe-doctorate lutfolakala ku-Agricultural Education ngaphansi kwelitiko le-Agriculture Education and Extension eSikhungweni Setekulima.
Seo
Search engine optimization
Search engine optimization (SEO) yɛ adeyɛ a ɛma wɛbsaet so akwantuo a ɛkɔ wɛbsaet anaa wɛbsaet krataafa bi so firi search engine ahodoɔ so no yɛ papa ne dodoɔ a ɛkɔ anim.SEO de n'ani si kar a wontua ho ka (a wonim no sɛ "abɔde mu" anaa "organic" aba) so sen sɛ ɛbɛfa kar a ɛkɔ tẽẽ anaasɛ kar a wotua ho ka. Ebia kar akwantu a wontua hwee fi nhwehwɛmu ahorow mu, a mfonini hwehwɛ, video hwehwɛ, adesua mu hwehwɛ,nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔ hwehwɛ, ne nnwuma pɔtee bi a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma a ɛda hɔ ka ho.
Sɛ́ Intanɛt so aguadi ho nhyehyɛe no, SEO susuw sɛnea nhwehwɛmu mfiri yɛ adwuma, kɔmputa so nhyehyɛe a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea nhwehwɛmu mfiri yɛ, nea nkurɔfo hwehwɛ, nsɛm a wɔhwehwɛ ankasa anaa nsɛmfua atitiriw a wɔkyerɛw gu nhwehwɛmu mfiri mu, ne nhwehwɛmu mfiri a wɔn a wɔde wɔn ani asi wɔn so no pɛ ho. Wɔyɛ SEO efisɛ wɛbsaet bi benya nsrahwɛfo pii afi search engine bi hɔ bere a wɛbsaet ahorow no di kan wɔ search engine results page (SERP) no so. Afei wobetumi adan saa nsrahwɛfo yi abɛyɛ adetɔfo.
Abakɔsɛm
Wɛbsaet wuranom huu mfaso a ɛwɔ dibea a ɛkorɔn ne nea wotumi hu wɔ nhwehwɛmu engine aba mu, na ɛmaa hokwan maa wɔn a wɔyɛ SEO a wɔyɛ kyɛw fitaa ne kyɛw tuntum nyinaa. Sɛnea nnwuma mu nhwehwɛmufo Danny Sullivan kyerɛ no, ebia wɔde kasasin "search engine optimization" dii dwuma wɔ afe 1997. Sullivan de Bruce Clay ho anuonyam ma sɛ ɔyɛ nnipa a wodii kan maa asɛmfua no gyee din no mu biako.
Wɛbsaet so ahwɛfoɔ ne wɔn a wɔde nneɛma ma no hyɛɛ aseɛ yɛɛ wɛbsaet ahodoɔ a ɛyɛ papa maa nhwehwɛmu mfiri wɔ 1990 mfeɛ no mfimfini, berɛ a na nhwehwɛmu afiri a ɛdi kan no reyɛ Wɛb a ɛdi kan no din. Mfiase no, na nea ehia ara ne sɛ wɛbmasters nyinaa de kratafa bi address, anaa URL, kɔma engine ahorow no, a ɛbɛsoma wɛb krawla bi ma wakɔhwehwɛ saa krataafa no, ayi link ahorow a ɛkɔ nkratafa afoforo so afi mu, na wasan de nsɛm a wɔahu wɔ kratafa a ɛbɛyɛ no so aba wɔde index ahyɛ mu. Adeyɛ no hwehwɛ sɛ search engine spider bi twe kratafa bi na ɔde sie search engine no ankasa server so. Dwumadi a ɛto so abien a wɔfrɛ no indexer no yi kratafa no ho nsɛm te sɛ nsɛmfua a ɛwɔ mu, baabi a ɛwɔ, ne nsɛmfua pɔtee bi mu duru biara, ne nkitahodi ahorow a kratafa no wom nyinaa. Afei wɔde saa nsɛm yi nyinaa gu nhyehyɛe bi mu ma wɔwea akyiri yi.
Abusuabɔ a ɛda wɔne Google ntam
Page ne Brin hyehyɛɛ Google wɔ afe 1998 mu. Google twee akyidifo anokwafo baa wɔn a wɔde Intanɛt di dwuma a na ɛrenya nkɔanim no mu, a wɔn ani gyee ne nhyehyɛe a ɛnyɛ den no ho. Wɔsusuu nneɛma a ɛwɔ kratafa no akyi (te sɛ PageRank ne hyperlink nhwehwɛmu) ne nneɛma a ɛwɔ kratafa no so (te sɛ nsɛmfua titiriw mpɛn dodow, meta tags, asɛmti, links ne site nhyehyɛe) sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a Google atumi akwati nsakrae a wohu wɔ search engine ahorow mu no a wosusuw nneɛma a ɛwɔ kratafa so nkutoo ho ma wɔn dodow a wɔde di dwuma no. Ɛwom sɛ na ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛbɔ PageRank ho agoru de, nanso na wɛbsaet so ahwɛfo ayɛ nnwinnade ne nhyehyɛe ahorow a wɔde bɛkyekye nkitahodi dedaw de anya Inktomi nhwehwɛmu afiri no so nkɛntɛnso, na saa akwan yi daa adi sɛ ɛfata wɔ agodie PageRank ho saa ara. Wɛbsaet pii twe adwene si link ahorow a wɔsesa, tɔ, ne tɔn so, na mpɛn pii no ɛyɛ kɛse. Saa nhyehyɛe yi bi, anaasɛ link farms, hwehwɛ sɛ wɔyɛɛ site mpempem pii a atirimpɔw nkutoo ne sɛ wɔde link spamming bɛkɔ.
Wɔ afe 2007 mu no, Google de ɔsatu bi too gua tia link ahorow a wotua ho ka a ɛde PageRank kɔ baabi foforo. Wɔ June 15, 2009 no, Google daa no adi sɛ wɔayɛ nneɛma bi de abrɛ PageRank sculpting nkɛntɛnso ase denam nofollow su a wɔde bedi dwuma wɔ link ahorow so no so. Matt Cutts, software engineer a wagye din wɔ Google, de too gua sɛ Google Bot rennyɛ no follow links biara bio, wɔ ɔkwan koro no ara so, de siw SEO service providers kwan sɛ wɔmfa nofollow nni dwuma mma PageRank sculpting. Esiane nsakrae yi nti, nofollow a wɔde dii dwuma no maa PageRank no yɛɛ hyew. Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛkwati nea yɛaka ho asɛm wɔ atifi hɔ no, SEO mfiridwumayɛfo yɛɛ akwan foforo a ɛde JavaScript a ɛyɛ obfuscated si nofollowed tags ananmu na ɛnam so ma kwan ma wɔyɛ PageRank sculpting. Bio nso, wɔahyɛ ano aduru pii ho nyansa a nea ɛka ho ne iframes, Flash, ne JavaScript a wɔde bedi dwuma.
Wɔ Ɔkɔtɔberɛ 2019 mu no, Google de too gua sɛ wɔbɛhyɛ aseɛ de BERT nhwɛsoɔ adi dwuma ama Borɔfo kasa hwehwɛ nsɛmmisa wɔ U.S. Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) yɛ mmɔden foforo a Google bɔe sɛ ɛbɛma wɔn abɔde mu kasa ho dwumadie atu mpɔn, nanso saa berɛ yi sɛdeɛ ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛte wɔn a wɔde di dwuma no hwehwɛ nsɛmmisa ase yie. Wɔ search engine optimization ho no, BERT yɛɛ n’adwene sɛ ɛbɛma wɔn a wɔde di dwuma no akɔfa nneɛma a ɛfa ho no ayɛ mmerɛw na ama traffic a ɛba wɛbsaet ahorow a ɛwɔ dibea wɔ Search Engine Results Page no so no ayɛ kɛse.
Nneɛma a wɔwea a wobesiw ano
Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛkwati nneɛma a wɔmpɛ wɔ nhwehwɛmu index ahorow no mu no, wɛbmasters betumi akyerɛ spiders sɛ wɔnnhwehwɛ fael anaa directory ahorow bi mu denam standard robots.txt fael a ɛwɔ domain no root directory no mu. Bio nso, wobetumi ayi krataafa bi afi nhwehwɛmu engine bi database mu pefee denam meta tag a ɛfa robɔt ho pɔtee a wɔde bedi dwuma so (mpɛn pii no <meta name="robots" content="noindex"> ). Sɛ search engine bi kɔ site bi so a, robots.txt a ɛwɔ root directory no mu no ne fael a edi kan a wɔhwehwɛ. Afei wɔpaapae robots.txt fael no mu na ɛbɛkyerɛ robɔt no sɛ nkratafa bɛn na ɛnsɛ sɛ ɔhwehwɛ. Sɛnea search engine crawler betumi de fael yi bi a wɔakora so asie no, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi ahwehwɛ nkratafa a wɛbsaet sohwɛfo mpɛ sɛ ɔbɛhwehwɛ. Nkratafa a wɔtaa siw kwan sɛ wɔbɛtwetwe no bi ne nkratafa a ɛfa login pɔtee bi ho te sɛ adetɔ teaseɛnam ne nneɛma pɔtee a ɛfa nea ɔde di dwuma ho te sɛ nea efi nhwehwɛmu a wɔhwehwɛ mu ba. Wɔ March 2007 mu no, Google bɔɔ wɛbsaet so ahwɛfoɔ kɔkɔ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wɔsiw indexing a ɛfa nhwehwɛmu a ɛwɔ mu no ano ɛfiri sɛ wɔbu saa nkratafa no sɛ search spam. Wɔ afe 2020 mu no, Google sunsetted gyinapɛn no (na open-sourced wɔn code) na seesei wɔfa no sɛ hint ɛnyɛ akwankyerɛ. Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛhwɛ yiye sɛ wɔmfa nkratafa no nhyɛ index mu no, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde robɔt a ɛwɔ kratafa so meta tag ka ho.
Abusuabɔ a ɛda wɔne Google ntam
Wɔ December 2009 mu no, Google de too gua sɛ wɔde wɔn a wɔde di dwuma nyinaa wɛb hwehwɛ abakɔsɛm bedi dwuma sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛhyɛ nhwehwɛmu aba no ma. Wɔ June 8, 2010 no wɔde wɛbsaet indexing nhyehyɛe foforo a wɔfrɛ no Google Caffeine too gua. Wɔyɛɛ no ​​sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔn a wɔde di dwuma no betumi ahu nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔ, nsɛm a wɔde bɛto gua, ne nneɛma afoforo ntɛm ara bere a wɔatintim akyi sen kan no, na Google Caffeine yɛ nsakrae wɔ ɔkwan a Google faa so yɛɛ ne index no foforo sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a nneɛma bɛda adi ntɛmntɛm wɔ Google so sen kan no. Sɛnea Carrie Grimes, software engineer a ɔde Caffeine too gua maa Google kyerɛ no, "Caffeine ma ɔha biara mu nkyem 50 a ɛyɛ foforo wɔ wɛb hwehwɛ mu sen yɛn index a etwa to no..." Wɔde Google Instant, bere ankasa mu hwehwɛ, bae wɔ afe 2010 awiei wɔ mmɔden a wɔbɔ sɛ wɔbɛma nea wɔhwehwɛ mu aba no ayɛ nea ɛfata na ɛfata. Abakɔsɛm mu no, wɛbsaet so ahwɛfo de asram anaa mfe mpo ayɛ wɛbsaet bi yiye na ama nhwehwɛmu dodow akɔ soro. Ɛnam sɛ social media sites ne blogs agye din kɛseɛ nti, engine ahodoɔ a ɛdi kan no yɛɛ nsakraeɛ wɔ wɔn algorithms mu sɛdeɛ ɛbɛyɛ a nneɛma foforɔ bɛtumi akɔ so ntɛmntɛm wɔ nhwehwɛmu aba no mu.
Abakɔsɛm
Nhwehwɛmu nhyehyɛe a edi kan no de wɔn ho to nsɛm a wɛbsaet sohwɛfo de ma te sɛ asɛmfua titiriw meta tag anaa index fael ahorow a ɛwɔ engine ahorow te sɛ ALIWEB mu so. Meta tags ma akwankyerɛ a ɛfa kratafa biara mu nsɛm ho. Nanso, wohui sɛ metadata a wɔde bedi dwuma de ayɛ nkratafa index no nyɛ nea wotumi de ho to so, efisɛ nsɛmfua atitiriw a wɛbsaet sohwɛfo no paw wɔ meta tag no mu no betumi ayɛ nea ɛnyɛ nokware a ɛkyerɛ nea ɛwɔ wɛbsaet no so ankasa. Data a ɛtɔ sin wɔ meta tags mu, te sɛ nea ɛnyɛ nokware, edi mũ, anaa atoro su ahorow, maa tumi a ɛbɛma wɔakyerɛ nkratafa no su wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so wɔ nhwehwɛmu a ɛho nhia mu.akyinnyegye – susuw ho] Wɛb nsɛm a wɔde ma nso yɛɛ su ahorow bi a ɛwɔ HTML no mu nsakrae source of a page de bɔ mmɔden sɛ ɛbɛdi kan wɔ search engines mu. Eduu 1997 no, wɔn a wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu mfiri no hui sɛ wɛbsaet so ahwɛfo rebɔ mmɔden sɛ wobenya dibea pa wɔ wɔn nhwehwɛmu afiri no mu na na wɛbsaet so ahwɛfo binom mpo reyɛ nsakrae wɔ wɔn dibea a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu no mu denam nsɛmfua atitiriw a ɛboro so anaasɛ ɛho nhia a wɔde bɛhyɛ nkratafa mu no so. Mfitiaseɛ nhwehwɛmu mfiri te sɛ Altavista ne Infoseek yɛɛ nsakraeɛ wɔ wɔn algorithms mu sɛdeɛ ɛbɛyɛ a wɛbmasters rentumi nsakra rankings.
Abusuabɔ a ɛda wɔne Google ntam
Eduu afe 2004 no, na mfiri a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu de nneɛma ahorow pii a wɔanda no adi ahyɛ wɔn ranking algorithms mu de atew nkɛntɛnso a link manipulation nya no so. Wɔ June 2007 mu no, The New York Times kyerɛwfo Saul Hansell kae sɛ Google de nsɛnkyerɛnne ahorow bɛboro 200 na ɛde wɛbsaet ahorow to hɔ. Nhwehwɛmu mfiri atitiriw, Google, Bing, ne Yahoo, nkyerɛ algorithms a wɔde di dwuma de hyehyɛ nkratafa. SEO adwumayɛfo binom asua akwan horow a wɔfa so hwehwɛ engine optimization na wɔakyekyɛ wɔn ankasa adwene. Patents a ɛfa search engine ho no betumi ama nsɛm a ɛbɛma wɔate search engine ase yiye. Wɔ afe 2005 mu no, Google fii ase yɛɛ nhwehwɛmu a wonyae no sɛnea obiara a ɔde di dwuma no ankasa. Ɛgyina wɔn abakɔsɛm a ɛfa nhwehwɛmu a atwam ho so no, Google yɛɛ nea efii mu bae maa wɔn a wɔakɔ mu.
Nnipa a wogye din a ɛrenya nkɔanim
Akwan ahorow betumi ama wɛbsaet krataafa bi agye din kɛse wɔ nea wɔhwehwɛ no mu. Sɛ wobɔ wɛbsaet koro no ara nkratafa ntam na ama woanya nkitahodi pii a ɛkɔ nkratafa a ɛho hia so a, ebetumi ama wɔahu no yiye. Kratafa nhyehyɛe ma wɔn a wɔde di dwuma no nya sait bi mu ahotoso na wɔpɛ sɛ wɔtra hɔ bere a wɔahu no. Sɛ nkurɔfo tu fi wɛbsaet bi so a, ɛkan wɛbsaet no na ɛka sɛnea wogye di no. Sɛ wɔkyerɛw nsɛm a nsɛmfua titiriw a wɔtaa hwehwɛ ka ho sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛfata nsɛmmisa ahorow pii a wɔhwehwɛ ho a, ɛbɛma nnipa a wɔba no akɔ soro. Sɛ woyɛ nneɛma foforo sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a mfiri a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu no bɛkɔ so akɔ akyi mpɛn pii a, ebetumi ama wɛbsaet bi ayɛ kɛse kɛse. Sɛ wode nsɛmfua titiriw a ɛfata ka wɛbsaet krataafa bi metadata ho, a asɛmti tag ne meta nkyerɛkyerɛmu ka ho a, ɛbɛma sɛnea wɛbsaet bi so nhwehwɛmu a wɔahyehyɛ no afata no atu mpɔn, na ɛnam so ama nnipa a wɔba no akɔ soro. URL canonicalization a ɛwɔ wɛb nkratafa a wotumi fa URL ahodoɔ so kɔ hɔ, de canonical link element anaa 301 redirects di dwuma no bɛtumi aboa ama wɔahwɛ sɛ link a ɛkɔ URL no nkyerɛaseɛ ahodoɔ nyinaa bu akontaa kɔ krataafa no link agye din nkontabuo mu. Wonim eyinom sɛ link ahorow a ɛba, a ɛkyerɛ URL no na ebetumi abu akontaa akɔ krataafa link no agye din nkontaahyɛde mu, na ɛka wɛbsaet bi ahotoso. .
Abakɔsɛm
Wɔ afe 2015 mu no, wɔbɔɔ amanneɛ sɛ Google reyɛ na ɛrehyɛ mobile search ho nkuran sɛ ade titiriw wɔ daakye nneɛma mu. Nea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔayɛ eyi no, nnwumakuw pii fii ase faa ɔkwan foforo so wɔ wɔn Intanɛt so aguadi ho nhyehyɛe ahorow mu.
Abusuabɔ a ɛda wɔne Google ntam
Wɔ afe 1998 mu no, sukuufo baanu a wɔawie sukuu wɔ Stanford Sukuupɔn mu, Larry Page ne Sergey Brin, yɛɛ "Backrub," nhwehwɛmu afiri a ɛde ne ho to akontaabu nhyehyɛe bi so de kyerɛ sɛnea wɛbsaet nkratafa agye din. Dodow a algorithm, PageRank, bu akontaa no yɛ adwuma a ɛfa dodow ne ahoɔden a ɛwɔ nkitahodi ahorow a ɛba mu no ho. PageRank bu akontaa sɛ ɛbɛyɛ yiye sɛ obi a ɔde wɛb di dwuma a ɔhwehwɛ wɛbsaet no so kwa na odi nkitahodi ahorow a efi kratafa biako so kɔ foforo so no bedu kratafa bi. Sɛ yɛbɛka no yiye a, eyi kyerɛ sɛ nkitahodi ahorow bi mu yɛ den sen afoforo, efisɛ ɛda adi sɛ nea ɔhwehwɛ wɛb so random no bedu PageRank krataafa a ɛkorɔn so.
Abakɔsɛm
Nnwumakuw a wɔde akwan a ɛyɛ basabasa dodo di dwuma no betumi ama wɔabara wɔn afɛfo wɛbsaet ahorow wɔ nea wɔhwehwɛ no mu. Wɔ afe 2005 mu no, Wall Street Journal bɔɔ adwumakuw bi, Traffic Power, a wɔkyerɛ sɛ wɔde akwan a asiane kɛse wom dii dwuma na wɔantumi ankyerɛ saa asiane ahorow no ankyerɛ wɔn a wɔkra no ho amanneɛ. Wired nsɛmma nhoma bɔɔ amanneɛ sɛ adwumakuw koro no ara de blogger ne SEO Aaron Wall kɔɔ asɛnnibea sɛ ɔkyerɛw bara a wɔabara no ho asɛm. Akyiri yi Googleni Matt Cutts sii so dua sɛ nokwarem no Google bara Traffic Power ne n’afɛfo binom.
Ɛdenam nneɛma te sɛ nsɛmfua atitiriw a ɛdɔɔso a na ɛwɔ wɛbsaet sohwɛfo nkutoo tumi so a wɔde wɔn ho too so kɛse so no, mfiri a edi kan a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu no huu amane wɔ ayayade ne dibea a wɔde di dwuma ho nsakrae ho. Nea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔanya nea eye ama wɔn a wɔde di dwuma no, na ɛsɛ sɛ mfiri a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu no yɛ nsakrae na ama wɔahwɛ ahu sɛ wɔn aba no nkratafa no bɛkyerɛ nea ɛfa nhwehwɛmu a ɛfata sen biara, sen sɛ wɔbɛkyerɛ nkratafa a ɛnyɛ nea ɛfa ho a wɔde nsɛmfua atitiriw pii ahyɛ mu ma denam wɛbsaet so ahwɛfo a wonni adwempa so. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wɔbɛtwe wɔn ho afi ahotoso a wɔde to asɛmfua density so kɛse so akɔ ɔkwan a ɛfa biribiara ho kɛse a wɔfa so de nkontaahyɛde ma ntease nsɛnkyerɛnne. Esiane sɛ sɛnea nhwehwɛmu afiri bi tumi yɛ nea ɛfata sen biara ma nhwehwɛmu biara na ɛkyerɛ sɛnea nhwehwɛmu afiri bi di yiye na agye din nti, nhwehwɛmu a ɛnyɛ papa anaasɛ ɛho nhia betumi ama wɔn a wɔde di dwuma no ahu nneɛma afoforo a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu. Mfiri a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu yɛɛ ho biribi denam ranking algorithms a ɛyɛ den kɛse a wɔyɛe so, na wosusuw nneɛma foforo a na ɛyɛ den ma wɛbsaet so ahwɛfo sɛ wɔbɛsakra no ho.
Amanaman ntam gua ahorow
Ɛde besi afe 2009 no, gua akɛse kakraa bi pɛ na ɛwɔ hɔ a Google nyɛ nhwehwɛmu afiri a edi kan. Mpɛn pii no, sɛ Google nni kan wɔ gua bi a wɔde ama mu a, ɛka akyi wɔ mpɔtam hɔ agofoni bi akyi. Nhwɛso gua ahorow a ɛda nsow sen biara ne China, Japan, South Korea, Russia, ne Czech Republic, baabi a Baidu, Yahoo! Japan, Naver, Yandex ne Seznam yɛ gua so akannifo.
Sɛ́ aguadi ho nhyehyɛe
SEO nyɛ ɔkwan a ɛfata ma wɛbsaet biara, na Intanɛt so aguadi ho akwan afoforo betumi ayɛ nea etu mpɔn kɛse, te sɛ aguade ho dawurubɔ a wotua ho ka denam pay-per-click (PPC) ɔsatu ahorow so, a egyina wɛbsaet no sohwɛfo botae ahorow so. Search engine marketing (SEM) yɛ adeyɛ a ɛma wɔyɛ search engine dawurubɔ ɔsatu ahorow ho nhyehyɛe, wɔyɛ no yiye, na wɔyɛ no yiye. Ne nsonsonoe a ɛda SEO ntam no yɛ nea wɔda no adi kɛkɛ sɛ nsonsonoe a ɛda nea edi kan a wotua ne nea wontua ho ka ntam wɔ nhwehwɛmu aba mu. SEM twe adwene si dibea a obi di so kɛse sen nea ɛfa ho; ɛsɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔyɛ wɛbsaet no bu SEM sɛ ɛho hia kɛse a wosusuw sɛnea wotumi hu ho bere a dodow no ara kɔ wɔn nhwehwɛmu no din titiriw no so. Intanɛt so aguadi ɔsatu a edi mu nso betumi agyina wɛb nkratafa a ɛkorɔn a wɔbɛkyekyere de agye wɔn a wɔde intanɛt di dwuma no adi dwuma na wɔadaadaa wɔn, nhwehwɛmu nhyehyɛe ahorow a wɔbɛhyehyɛ na ama sait wuranom atumi asusuw nea efi mu ba, ne wɛbsaet bi nsakrae dodow a wɔbɛma atu mpɔn so. Wɔ Ɔpɛpɔn 2015 mu no, Google yii ne Search Quality Rating Guidelines a ɛwɔ nkratafa 160 a edi mũ adi kyerɛɛ ɔmanfo,[60] a ɛdaa nsakraeɛ adi wɔ wɔn adwene a wɔde si "mfaso" ne mobile local search so. Nnansa yi mfeɛ mu no, mobile gua no ayɛ kɛseɛ, ɛboro desktop a wɔde di dwuma no so, sɛdeɛ StatCounter daa no adi wɔ Ɔkɔtɔberɛ 2016 mu, baabi a wɔyɛɛ wɛbsaet ɔpepem 2.5 mu nhwehwɛmu na wɔhunuu sɛ nkratafa no mu 51.3% na wɔde mobile device na ɛhyɛ mu. Google ayɛ nnwumakuw a wɔde mobile a wɔde di dwuma a agye din no redi dwuma no mu biako denam nkuranhyɛ a wɔhyɛ wɛbsaet ahorow sɛ wɔmfa wɔn Google Search Console, Mobile-Friendly Test, a ɛma nnwumakuw tumi susuw wɔn wɛbsaet no ma ɛne nea efi nhwehwɛmu engine mu ba no hyia na ɛkyerɛ sɛnea ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wɔde bedi dwuma no nni dwuma no so wɔn wɛbsaet ahorow no yɛ. Dodow a nsɛmfua atitiriw no bɛn wɔn ho wɔn ho no, dodow a wɔde di dwuma no bɛkɔ anim a egyina nsɛmfua atitiriw so. .
White hat versus tuntum kyɛw akwan horow
Wobetumi akyekyɛ SEO akwan mu akuwakuw abien a ɛtrɛw: akwan a nnwumakuw a wɔhwehwɛ mfiri kamfo kyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ nhyehyɛe pa fã ("kyɛw fitaa"), ne saa akwan a nhwehwɛmu mfiri mpene so ("kyɛw tuntum"). Mfiri a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu bɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛtew nea etwa to no nkɛntɛnso so, na nea ɛka ho ne spamdexing. Nnwuma mu nkyerɛkyerɛmufoɔ akyekyɛ akwan yi ne wɔn a wɔde di dwuma no mu sɛ white hat SEO anaa black hat SEO. kyɛw fitaa taa ma nea efi mu ba a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ, bere a kyɛw tuntum hwɛ kwan sɛ awiei koraa no wobetumi abara wɔn wɛbsaet ahorow no bere tiaa bi anaasɛ daa bere a nhwehwɛmu mfiri ahorow no ahu nea wɔreyɛ no.
Wobu SEO kwan bi sɛ kyɛw fitaa sɛ ɛne search engine ahorow no akwankyerɛ hyia na ɛnyɛ nnaadaa biara a. Sɛnea wɔankyerɛw search engine akwankyerɛ sɛ mmara anaa ahyɛde ahorow a ɛtoatoa so no, eyi yɛ nsonsonoe a ɛho hia a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhyɛ no nsow. White hat SEO nyɛ akwankyerɛ a wobedi akyi nko na mmom ɛfa hwɛ a wɔbɛhwɛ sɛ nneɛma a search engine bi de index na akyiri yi ɛde rank no yɛ nneɛma koro no ara a ɔde di dwuma no behu. Wɔtaa bɔ afotuo a ɛfa white hat ho no mua sɛ wɔbɛbɔ nsɛm ama wɔn a wɔde di dwuma, ɛnyɛ nhwehwɛmu afiri, na afei wɔama saa nsɛm no ayɛ mmerɛw ama intanɛt so "spider" algorithms no, sen sɛ wɔbɛbɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛdaadaa algorithm no afi nea wɔahyɛ da ayɛ no mu. White hat SEO wɔ akwan pii so te sɛ wɛb nkɔso a ɛma wotumi kɔ hɔ, ɛwom sɛ abien no nyɛ pɛ de.
Sɛ́ aguadi ho nhyehyɛe
SEO betumi ama wɔanya mfaso a ɛfata afi sika a wɔde asie no mu. Nanso, wontua search engine ahorow ho ka wɔ organic search traffic ho, wɔn algorithms sesa, na wonni awerɛhyem biara sɛ wɔbɛkɔ so de wɔn akɔma. Esiane saa ahotoso a enni hɔ ne adwenem naayɛ yi nti, adwuma a ɛde ne ho to search engine traffic so kɛse no betumi ahwere ade kɛse sɛ search engine ahorow no gyae nsrahwɛfo a wɔde wɔn bɛkɔ a. Search engine ahorow betumi asesa wɔn algorithms, na aka wɛbsaet bi search engine ranking, na ebia ɛbɛma traffic ahwere kɛse. Sɛnea Google CEO, Eric Schmidt, kyerɛ no, wɔ afe 2010 mu no, Google yɛɛ nsakraeɛ bɛboro 500 wɔ algorithm mu – ɛkame ayɛ sɛ 1.5 da biara. Wobu no sɛ ɛyɛ adwumayɛ mu adeyɛ a nyansa wom ma wɔn a wɔyɛ wɛbsaet adwuma no sɛ wobegye wɔn ho afi ahotoso a wɔde to search engine traffic so no ho. Wɔ akwan a wɔfa so nya wɔ wɛb krawlers (a wɔadi ho asɛm wɔ atifi hɔ) akyi no, wɛb a wɔde di dwuma no abɛyɛ nea ɛho hia kɛse ama SEO.
White hat versus tuntum kyɛw akwan horow
Black hat SEO bɔ mmɔden sɛ ɛbɛma rankings atu mpɔn wɔ akwan horow a search engine ahorow no mpene so anaasɛ ɛfa nnaadaa ho. Black hat kwan biako de nsɛm a ahintaw di dwuma, sɛ nsɛm a wɔde kɔla ayɛ te sɛ akyi, wɔ div a aniwa nhu mu, anaasɛ wɔde si screen no akyi. Ɔkwan foforo ma kratafa soronko bi a egyina sɛ ebia onipa nsrahwɛfo bi na ɔrebisa kratafa no anaasɛ afiri a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu, ɔkwan a wonim no sɛ cloaking. Ɔfã foforo a ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔde di dwuma ne grey hat SEO. Eyi wɔ kyɛw tuntum ne kyɛw fitaa akwan no ntam, baabi a akwan a wɔfa so no kwati sɛ wɔbɛtwe wɛbsaet no aso nanso ɛnyɛ adwuma wɔ nneɛma a eye sen biara a wɔbɛyɛ ama wɔn a wɔde di dwuma no mu. Grey hat SEO no nyinaa de n’adwene si search engine rankings a ɛbɛma atu mpɔn so.
Amanaman ntam gua ahorow
Optimization akwan no yɛ tuned kɛse ma search engine ahorow a ɛwɔ tumi kɛse wɔ gua a wɔde wɔn ani asi so no. Ɛsono sɛnea mfiri a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu no gua so kyɛfa wɔ gua biara so, na saa ara na akansi nso te. Wɔ afe 2003 mu no, Danny Sullivan kaa sɛ Google gyina hɔ ma bɛyɛ 75% wɔ nhwehwɛmu nyinaa mu.Wɔ gua ahorow a ɛwɔ United States akyi no, Google kyɛfa taa yɛ kɛse, na Google da so ara yɛ nhwehwɛmu afiri titiriw wɔ wiase nyinaa de besi afe 2007. Ɛde besi afe 2006 no, na Google wɔ gua so kyɛfa 85–90% wɔ Germany. Bere a na SEO adwumakuw ɔhaha pii wɔ U.S. saa bere no, na bɛyɛ anum pɛ na ɛwɔ Germany. Ɛde besi June 2008 no, Google gua so kyɛfa wɔ UK no bɛn 90% sɛnea Hitwise kyerɛ no.Wonya saa gua so kyɛfa no wɔ aman dodow bi mu.
White hat versus tuntum kyɛw akwan horow
Ebia mfiri a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu bɛtwe nsɛmma nhoma ahorow a wohu no aso denam akwan a wɔfa so de kyɛw tuntum anaa fitaa di dwuma so, denam wɔn dodow a wɔbɛtew so anaasɛ wobeyi wɔn din ahorow afi wɔn databea ahorow so koraa no so. Wobetumi de asotwe a ɛte saa no adi dwuma ara kwa denam search engine ahorow no algorithms so anaasɛ wɔde nsa a wɔde hwɛ wɛbsaet no so. Nhwɛsoɔ baako ne February 2006 Google yii BMW Germany ne Ricoh Germany nyinaa firii hɔ ɛnam sɛ wɔde nnaadaa nneyɛeɛ dii dwuma nti. Nanso, nnwumakuw abien no nyinaa paa kyɛw ntɛm ara, wosiesiee nkratafa a ɛhyɛ abufuw no, na wɔsan de wɔn baa Google nhwehwɛmu engine aba krataafa so.