Qarku_i_Çamërisë
Demografia
Shënim: Shumica e çamëve myslimanë pas Luftës së Dytë Botërore banojnë jashtë Qarkut të Çamërisë dhe janë shpërndarë nëpër shtetët të tjera. Shumica prej tyre banojnë në Shqipëri dhe një pakicë gjendet në Turqi, SHBA, Australi edhe Britani të Madhe. Nga vlerësimet çamë myslimanë numërohen rreth 204,255 në Shqipëri, dhe me një numër i konsiderueshëm në diasporë. Këto shifra përfshinë të gjitha çamët nga koha e migrimeve ekonomike para 1912, spastrimet etnike të viteve 1912-1913, shkëmbimi i popullsive në 1923-1924, ngjarjet e dhunshme në viteve 1944-1945 dhe ata që janë autoktonë në një pjesë të vogël rreth Konispolit në Shqipëri. Prej 18.150 çamëve shqiptarë të larguar nga Greqia për Shqipëri në 1944, për shkak të rritjes së popullsisë, sot numri i personave me prejardhje çame në Shqipëri është vlerësuar nga dijetarët të arrijë në rreth 80.000 vetë. Të gjitha pronat e çamëve myslimanë, pas vitit 1945 u shpronësuan nga shteti grek dhe tapitë iu dhanë banorëve të rinj, një proces që vazhdoi deri në vitet shtatëdhjetë. Sepse Greqia ka revokuar vetëm gjendjen e luftës me Shqipërinë përmes kabinetit parlamentar, por jo përmes legjislacionit parlamentar dhe ashtu pronat e çamëve janë të konsideruar "pronat e armikut", që nuk lejon çamëve nga të qenit në gjendje për të kërkuar kompensimin ose kthimin të pronave apo shtetësinë të tyre. Tsitselikis. Old and New Islam in Greece. 2012. f. 312-313. "In the aftermath of the events of 1944–1945, Cham real estate was considered as abandoned and gradually confiscated or put at the disposal of landless peasants and refugees. On the ground, the situation until the early 1950s was out of control. Legally, the real estate was supposed to pass to state ownership as set forth by Act 1539/1938 (article 54). But in practice, the abandoned and devastated plots, fields, and houses were occupied by inhabitants of the nearby villages or by the new settlers. The situation soon became chaotic and the local police were unable to establish order. Finally, LDs 2180/1952, 2185/1952 (FEK A 217), and LD 2781/1954 (FEK A 45) regulated the transfer of ownership, and LD 2536/1953 (FEK A 225) legalized the resettlement of the empty Cham villages by newcomers from other places in Greece. According to article 17 of the LD 3958/1959 (FEKA 133), the residents of the mountainous areas of Filiates and Paramythia as well as those of ‘Greek descent’ originating from Northern Epirus were allowed to settle in the ‘abandoned Muslim plots of Thesprotia’. The policy of national homogenization remained incomplete, however, until the 1970s, when the Hellenization of the former Muslim property was completed. This guaranteed the population’s loyalty to the state and minimized Greece’s Muslim population. As mentioned earlier, numerous Muslims of Greece chose to obtain foreign citizenship in order to be exempt from the population exchange or for other reasons. Some Chams acquired Albanian citizenship, although they could remain in Greece as citizens of ‘Albanian origin’. After 1945, those who held Albanian citizenship faced expropriation of their property as its legal status was that of 'enemy property’, since Albania was a conquered territory of fascist Italy and a nemesis of Greece during Word War II. Thus, Albanian real estate was sequestrated according to Act 2636/1940 (FEK A 379) and Act 13/1944 (FEK A 11), which, in theory, should not have affected ownership per se. Much of this real estate remains sequestrated to this day and is registered at the Office of Sequestration based in Athens. According to article 38 of the LD 1138/1949 (FEK A 257) amending Act 2636/1940, sequestration can be abolished by joint decision of the Ministers of Interior, Economy, Justice, and the Prime Minister. Income gained by the sequestrated real estate is kept in special accounts at the Bank of Greece. It is worth noting that inhabitants of Albania (Albanian citizens) of Greek origin were exempt from sequestration or expropriation (Ministerial Decision, Minister of the Finance, 144862/3574/17.6.1947, FEK B 93). This reading of the category ‘of origin’, reflects the ideological nature of policies aimed at ethnicizing land ownership. According to several court decisions, the Albanian property would remain under sequestration until the removal of the state of war between the two countries. However, even though the Greek government declared the state of war with Albania to be over in 1987, the sequestration of Albanian estates was continued, as the declaration was not legally ratifĳied. Such measures do not comply with legal standards set by international instruments banning discrimination on grounds of ethnicity (ICCPR, ECHR etc.). Meanwhile, LD 2180/1952 on ‘the compulsory expropriation of lands for the restitution of the landless farmers and cattle-breeders’ authorized special committees to take possession of the properties and then bestow them on persons entitled to a share. In practice, such persons were squatters tolerated by the authorities during the Civil War or later. These persons received title deeds in the late 1950s until the 1970s." Greqia e konsideron çështjen çame të jetë e mbyllur. Me rënien e komunizmit komuniteti çam në kohët e fundit është përpjekur për të vënë çështjen çame në axhendën politike shqiptar në marrëdhëniet e saj me Greqinë.