Dëbimi_i_shqiptarëve_1877-1878
Fuqitë e mëdha
Në prill 1878, Jelinek, konsulli austro-hungarez raportoi se refugjatët myslimanë erdhën në Kosovë osmane, me ndodhitë tifoide dhe disa refugjatë ishin zhvendosur tronditës në rajonet të Prizrenit dhe Gjakovës se në të gjitha kanë kontribuar në gjendjen e tyre të mjerueshme. Jelinek gjithashtu vërejti armiqësinë e refugjatëve shqiptar mbi serbëve të Kosovës dhe aktet të kryera e dhunës kundër tyre.Frantz. Violence and its Impact on Loyalty and Identity Formation. 2009. fq.460-461. "The displaced persons (Alb. muhaxhirë, Turk. muhacir, Serb. muhadžir) took refuge predominantly in the eastern parts of Kosovo. The Austro-Hungarian consul Jelinek reported in April of 1878 as follows: The continuous arrivals of Muslim refugees from the Serbian and Russian occupied Turkish territories have indisputably contributed not a little to the general discontent among the Muslim population, and still more to misery among the refugees, aggravated by the typhoid epidemic that has broken out among them in many places. In the Prizren district, 5000 refugees, and in Djakova, 2000, have been accommodated, of course in the most appalling manner. An immediate and highly regrettable consequence of the present precarious political situation, particularly for the Christians, is the general insecurity of life and property, which has been steadily worsening in Prizren and its suburbs for some time, in the most alarming ways. At least eight Greek- orthodox Slavs were treacherously murdered on the road between the railway stations at Lipljan and Veressovitz, [...] including Prizren’s; and the panic among the Christians concerning the Muslims goes so far that all the traffic in the city ceases as soon as the sun goes down, and no one dares, even during the day, to venture alone into the neighbourhood, even for a few minutes. [47]"; fq. 467. "[47] Jelinek to Andrássy, Prizren, 30th April 1878. Printed in: ''Actenstücke aus den Correspondenzen des kais. und kön. gemeinsamen Ministeriums des Äussern über orientalische Angelegenheiten''. (Vom 7. April 1877 bis 3. November 1878.) (Files from the correspondence of the imperial and royal Ministry for Foreign Affairs about oriental issues), Wien: K.K. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, 1878, Nr. 148, pp. 95 – 96, 96. Parts of the citation first quoted by K. Clewing, "Religion und Nation bei den Albanern", op. cit. , p. 162. Another account which refers to about 40,000 refugees in Kosovo is Jelinek to Andrássy, Prizren, 6th August 1878, Nr. 16. HHStA PA XXXVIII / 225." Në pjesën e dytë të vitit 1878 rezidenti britanik në Beograd Gerald Francis Gould ishte ankuar Zotit Salisbury për dëbimeve dhe raportoi se "banorët paqësore dhe të zellshëm" e "luginave të Toplicës dhe Vranjës u dëbuan pa mëshirë me radhë prej pronat e tyre nga serbët". Gould gjithashtu vërejti se refugjatët u "enden rreth në një gjendje të uritur" dhe ai ishte instrumental për disa kohë të aplikonte presion britanik diplomatike mbi Serbisë për të lejuar refugjatët të kthehen prap në shtëpitë e tyre. Ndërsa nënkonsulli i Rusisë në vilajetit të Kosovës Ivan Yastrebov këshilloi guvernatorin vendor osman Nazif Pasha për të parandaluar kthimin e refugjatëve në Serbi, sepse prania e tyre brenda zonës së Kosovës do të përforconte elementin vendore musliman. "This period also saw a deterioration in relations between the Muslims and Christians of Kosovo. The prime cause of this was the mass expulsion of Muslims from the lands taken over by Serbia, Bulgaria and Montenegro in 1877—8. Almost all the Muslims (except, as we have seen, some Gypsies) were expelled from the Morava valley region: there had been hundreds of Albanian villages there, and significant Albanian populations in towns such as Prokuplje, Leskovac and Vranje. A Serbian schoolmaster in Leskovac later recalled that the Muslims had been driven out in December 1877 at a time of intense cold: ‘By the roadside, in the Gudelica gorge and as far as Vranje and Kumanovo, you could see the abandoned corpses of children, and old men frozen to death.’ Precise figures are lacking, but one modern study concludes that the whole region contained more than 110,000 Albanians. By the end of 1878 Western officials were reporting that there were 60,000 families of Muslim refugees in Macedonia, ‘in a state of extreme destitution’, and 60—70,000 Albanian refugees from Serbia ‘scattered’ over the vilayet of Kosovo. Albanian merchants who tried to stay on in Niš were subjected to a campaign of murders, and the property of those who left was sold off at one per cent of its value. In a petition of 1879 a group of Albanian refugees from the Leskovac area complained that their houses, mills, mosques and tekkes had all been demolished, and that ‘The material arising from these demolitions, such as masonry and wood, has been sold, so that if we go back to our hearths we shall find no shelter.’