cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Moyo Sinyoro
The Njanja people of Moyo Sinyoro totem
This Article transcribes Njanja oral history into text and analyse the ancient Njanja Praise Poem highlighting Njanja Jewish heritage and ancestry. Totem Praise poems are the oldest form of Shona clan history preservation. These identity emblems are the most dependable fragments of recorded history, they were created at the beginning of the shona settlement and have remained unchanged for thousands of years. Before we start ,It is important to note that in any given culture, the richest and most thoughtful cultural discussions have always come from the humanities i.e From Philosophers, Play writers, Poets, Storytellers etc. These are repositories of information, especially in African societies. Sciences only come in to verify what these custodians of the light would have said. I will strip away all the jargon and use basic language to make it comprehensible, despite the simplicity of the language, I want you to know that everything We are going to discuss, from a technical point of view has been well researched. We listened to oral stories of these people and simply transferred their oral history into written history.
Origins
The word Njanja: means People who came from beyond the seas: The Njana people bore a Hebrew Portuguese origin in genealogy and expansion. Their oldest known ancestor is a Hebrew Jew, who travelled from Portugal named Gouveia (corrupted to Kuveya ).
The name Gouveia is a toponymical \ topographic surname (name of a place that was adopted as a surname).The Gouveia family might have adopted the name upon their arrival in Portugal from Judea where they were running from persecution to make it easy to blend in and be accepted in their adopted homeland.
Name-changing has always been a common practice when people are deliberately trying to hide their true identity mostly for security reasons, or to speed up integration into a new society.
This can still be observed today worldwide. Germans who migrated after the wars changed their names to local-sounding names. Schmidt became Smith, and Chinese Americans also changed their native names to English-sounding ones like Johnson etc.
The Hebrew communities in Spain and Portugal went through a rough time between (1478 to 1515) this was the period of the Spanish and Portuguese inquisitions. During this period Hebrews were forced to convert to Catholicism or face expulsion, loss of property, torture or even death. The Hebrew Jews that converted were given derogatory names such as Conversos, Marranos, Anusims or Crypto Jews,
Many of these wondering Hebrew Jews took up names of places, occupations or trades and converted them to family names to avoid being identified as Hebrew Jews. It is believed The Gouveias were part of the Hebrews that were dispersed from Judea and settled in Spain and Portugal, commonly referred to as Sephardic Jews.
They left later escaped Portugal into the Arabian Peninsula during the inquisition, settling in a place called Senna in Arabia.According to Tudor Parfitt's Book: Remarkable Journey. Senna was most likely located in Present -day Yemen, specifically in the village of Sanāw which is located within the easternmost portion of the Hadhramaut. His research shows that the city has been home to a Hebrew (Jewish) population since ancient times. The Njanja People in Zimbabwe are called VaSenna in reference to their Senna origins and vaZungu \ vaRungu because of their distinct racial difference from the locals of the day.
Migration Into Africa
From Yemen, the Njanja crossed into Africa with another band of Hebrew Jews Passing through Ethiopia, Tanzania and Mozambique into Present day Zimbabwe. Our research suggests the Njanja people were part of the Lemba clan when they arrived and settled at Bvumbura hills area in Buhera a place where both clans (Lemba and Njanja) still call home.
The Njanja broke off from the Lemba when their Ancestor Gouveia decided to marry Chief Chirwa's daughter Mashawashe Who "converted" to become a Njanja (Gambiza -Resident Stranger), breaking the strict Lemba endogamous marriage practices, that discouraged unions between Lemba and non-Lemba.
The Njanja people made a name for themselves as master Gold and Blacksmiths. They made a living working with iron and other metals forging tools and weapons for the local chiefs and later for the Rozvi kings who resided in Dzimbabwe.
It is believed that Chief Chirwa and his sons used to take, Neshangwe to the Rozvi courts. Where he found favour with the sitting Rozvi King and Princes such that after the death of Chief Chirwa, Neshangwe was named Chief. Oral history marks this point as the changing of the chieftainship from the Chirwa clan to their nephew Neshangwe of the new Njanja clan. This could also have been a political move by the Rozvi King to guarantee loyalty from a clan of skilled metal workers for military purposes.
Since the new Chief Neshangwe was not part of the local tribes, he did not have a Totem. The Rozvi King allowed Neshangwe to adopt his Moyo totem. To differentiate between his new clan and the Rozvi royalty’s Moyo Chirandu totem- he named his new clan Moyo Sinyoro.
For the longest time, it was erroneously believed that Sinyoro is corruption for (Señor) Portuguese for sir. This is not accurate, the names Sinyoro and Gouvea are both listed multiple times as Serphadic Hebrew Jewish names of known (conversos) converted Jews who stood trial during the inquisition. When Neshangwe named himself Sinyoro he had just adopted a family name and not an attempt at self-aggrandizement by calling himself sir. Our research has found that the family name Gouvea and Sinyoro are cited concerning Jews & Crypto-Jews in at least 4 bibliographical, documentary, or electronic references: e.g. (Soy Sefardi.org and Judeu.org)
There is very little in terms of a written history of any of the African tribes most of the stories are passed down orally or interpreted from rock paintings and other crafts.
Zanamwe
Zanamwe izita remhuri rinowanikwa muZimbabwe. Zita iri rinodudza kuti munhu akazvara mwana mumwe.
Moyo Sinyoro
Shona Totems (Identity emblems) and Clan Praise Poem. (Mitupo NeZvidawo)
This form of Shona preservation and recording of history is as old and dependable as the rock paintings, rock carvings and engravings left behind by the ancients all around Africa and the world over.
Muganhiri sezita
Muganhiri izita remhuri rinowanikwa muZimbabwe.
Mitauro yeBantu
Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeChiBantu, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. Chinangwa ndechekutsvaga zvinoreva mazita, zvikurusei kana mazita aya asisiri kutaurwa mumutauro wemazuva ano.
Mandundu sezita
Mandundu izita remhuri rinowanikwa muZimbabwe.
Moyo Sinyoro
Shona Totems (Identity emblems) and Clan Praise Poem. (Mitupo NeZvidawo)
The belief in totemism and recitation of clan praise poetry amongst the Shona people is a tradition whose history dates back to the initial stages of Shona culture. Shona verbal artistry evolved in tandem with the culture that gave rise to it. With particular reference to Shona praise poetry, its rhythm echoes from the apex of Shona civilization, particularly in the socio-cultural history of the ruling dynasties associated with the Great Zimbabwe state (1000 C.E. - 1830)
Mandundu sezita
Mitauro yeAfrika
Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeAfrica, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. Pane tarisiro yekuti mitauro yeAfrika inotodzana mazwi.
Moyo Sinyoro
Shona Totems (Identity emblems) and Clan Praise Poem. (Mitupo NeZvidawo)
On the bottom, it reverberated in every homestead, village and chiefdom, making the entire Shona socio-cultural life a rhythm of laudatory remarks. Praise poetry was part and parcel of the belief in and celebration of totemism. In a typical traditional Shona life, praise poetry graced daily life. No day would pass without it being recited. It is not known exactly when totemism began in Shona society. What is clear is that it was adopted in the mythological times of Shona culture. According to Shona oral traditions, the adoption of totemism is associated with the earliest known ancestor of the Shona people, Mambiri (A. Chigwedere, 1980).
Mambiri chose the Shoko/Soko (Monkey) totem to guard against incestuous behaviour and also for the social identity of his followers. This took place in a mythical place called Guruuswa, which was located somewhere north of the Zambezi River in southern Tanganyika. As the early Shona grew in number and marriage became difficult, due to their practice of exogamy (marrying only outside one\'s clan), there was a need to adopt a second totem. The Shava/Mhofu (Eland) totem was therefore adopted to enable intermarriage between members of the two totems to take place. In contemporary Shona society, there are at least 25 identifiable totems (mitupo) with at least 60 principal names (zvidawo).
Composition of Clan Praise Poetry
(a) The Clan - It is the core of every Shona chiefdom. It is a group of agnatically related kinsmen and women who trace their descent from a common founding ancestor (Shona Praise Poetry A. C. Hodza and G. Fortune, 1978: 12).
(b) The Totem - Every Shona clan is identified by a particular totem (mutupo) and principal praise name (chidawo). The principal praise name is normally used in addition to the totem only if there is a need to distinguish people who have the same totem but belong to different clans. For example:
Shava (Eland)
Shava- Mufakose
Nyamavhuvhu 20
Nyamavhuvhu 20 (kana Chishona chizere: musi wemakumimairi muMwedzi waNyamavhuvhu) musi wegore wemazanamairinemakumimatatu-nembiri (kana musi wechimazanamairinemakumimatatu-netatu pagore remucharikwa) muKarenda ya Gregori; pasara mazuva zananemakumimatatu-netatu kusvika pakupera kwegore.
Moyo Sinyoro
Composition of Clan Praise Poetry
Moyo Heart
Moyo- Dhewa
Moyo- Sinyoro.. etc
The totem of each clan was created from distinct characteristics of the clan and or the totem animal (where applicable)
Njanja Moyo Sinyoro praise poem or detembo
The Njanja praise poem is primarily written in the Shona language, then it was passed down from generation to generation through oral tradition. The renowned Zimbabwean poet Aaron C Hodza then captured it in his poetry book "Mitupo neZvidao Zamadzinza," loosely translated as "Totems and venerated names of the clans."
Analyzing The Njanja Praise Poem
Praise poems were designed to highlight every clan's unique traditions, features and habits. These poems have remained unchanged for thousands of years. They offer us a glimpse into the lives of people as they would have been perceived by those they lived amongst. What do we learn about the Njanja People’s Hebrew Jewish heritage from their Praise poem?
Marriage traditions of the Njanja People
Gambiza (Resident stranger) is a term or name that is adopted by all women who get married into the Njanja Clan. The name Loosely translates to Resident stranger.
Njanja people are the only tribe that converts women married to their clan. Normally women married into other Shona tribes maintain their original clan totem. This unique behaviour mimics the wandering Israelite desert nomads of the exodus. The bible encouraged endogamy amongst the Israelites (Hebrews were to marry fellow Hebrews) but the bible is also littered with examples of Hebrew men who married woman from none Hebrew tribes. Moses’s wife Zipporah was Midian/ Cushite Salmon‘s wife Rahab was a Gentile who lived in Jericho, Boaz’s wife Ruth was a Moabite, and King Solomon also had many foreign wives. These women were all converted from their original tribes to being identified as Hebrews and their children were all Hebrews.
A Quick Comparison of The Njanja and The Lemba clans.[edit]
The story of the Njanja people mimics that of the Lemba in many ways. Both groups originate from a place called Sena and both groups are commonly referred to as VaSena. (People from Sena). Names for both clans point to their foreign origin.
Mathangu sezita
Mathangu izita remhuri rinowanikwa muKenya.
Mitauro yeAfrika
Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeAfrica, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. Pane tarisiro yekuti mitauro yeAfrika inotodzana mazwi.
Mujuruki
Mujuruki izita remhuri rinowanikwa muZimbabwe.
Jecha
Jecha kana rushesha (sand in English) imhando yevhu inowanikwa zvikurusei murwizi kana kumahombekombe egungwa. Jecha rine tsanga hombe pane dzimwe mhando dzevhu zvokuti jecha rinotendera mvura kumimina zviri nyore. Nekudaro jecha rinoshandiswa kubvisa tsvina yemagodo kubva mumvura inenge ichicheneswa kuti ive inonwiwa nevanhu.
Jecha rinobva pamatombo akasiyana, saka zvakagadzira jecha zvinosiyana zvichienderana nokuti matombo enzvimbo iyoyo akagadzirwa nemuchegwa wakaita sei. Muchegwa unowanikwa mujecha zhinji unonzi silica.
Chisvetasimba
Chisvetasimba (kureva parasite; Chishongrish: parasayiti)
Bandamuchenene
Bandamuchenene kana mapandamuchenene (Shrub: Clerodendrum myricoid)
Sasaradzi
Sase, sasaradzi, bari, barikira, mabarikira kana tsatsi (spark/sparks) apa kureva kubarika kwemoto kana zvimwe zvinobarika zvakadai semagetsi.
Mulemba sezita
Mulemba izita remhuri rinowanikwa muZambia, Congo, Kinshasa neMalawi.
Mitauro yeBantu
Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeChiBantu, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya.
Bvumbanyuchi
Bvumbanyuchi, chisama, chimande, murungamunyu kana musambarahwahwa (Shrub: Antidesma renosum).
Ngoro sezita
Ngoro izita remhuri rinowanikwa muKenya, neZimbabwe.
Mitauro yeAfrika
Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeAfrica, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. Pane tarisiro yekuti mitauro yeAfrika inotodzana mazwi.
Chitupa
Chitupa (Photo Identity Card) chinyorwa chine mufananidzo wemwene wacho chinoshandiswa kuzivisa kuti munhu anonzi ani. Chitupa chinoshandiswa pakuvhota uye kubhanga sefakazi yokuti munhu ari kuita chito ndiye chaiye muridzi wezita iroro.
Chitukutuku sezita
Chitukutuku izita remhuri rinowanikwa muZimbabwe.
Mitauro yeBantu
Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeChiBantu, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. Chinangwa ndechekutsvaga zvinoreva mazita, zvikurusei kana mazita aya asisiri kutaurwa mumutauro wemazuva ano.
Chihuri sezita
Chihuri izita remhuri rinowanikwa muZimbabwe.
Chijaka sezita
Chijaka izita remhuri rinowanikwa ku[[Zimbabwe
Chihuri sezita
Mitauro yeBantu
Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mime mitauro yeChiBantu, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. Chinangwa ndechekutsvaga zvinoreva mazita, zvikurusei kana mazita aya asisiri kutaurwa mumutauro wemazuva ano.
Chijaka sezita
Mitauro yeBantu
Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeChiBantu, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. Chinangwa ndechekutsvaga zvinoreva mazita, zvikurusei kana mazita aya asisiri kutaurwa mumutauro wemazuva ano.
Nyoka yeMunhu
Kana munhu achinzi inyoka zvinoreva kuti anoitira vamwe zvakaipa muchivande, senyoka inoruma ichibva pakahwanda.
Nzungu
Nzungu (Peanuts in English) chirimwa chinokura pasi pevhu chinorimwa nevarimi. Nzungu dzinokura mumateko ekuti kana woda nzungu unotanga wapwanya mateko aya, kunonzi kutonongora. Nzungu dzakatokonhorwa dzinonzi musvo.
Dzungu dzinoshandiswa kugadzira: dovi; mafuta; kudyiwa dzakadaro kana kuti kukangwa. Nzungu dzinogona kudyiwa dziri nyoro kana kuti dzakaoma. Kana dziri nyoro dzinobikwa nemvura mumakoko adzo kusvika dzaibva. Dzakaoma dzinoitwa zveku kangwa kana kubikwa dzakasangana nemutakura (kudya kunosanganiswa chibage,nzungu,nyimo kana nyemba dzakaoma).
Germ (1. a portion of an organism capable of developing into a new one or part of one; 2. the embryo in a cereal grain or other plant seed).
Mushonga
Mushonga (chemical in English) ungava mushonga wokurapisa kana unoshandiswa mune mamwe mabasa pamusha kana muhushangazhi. Muchidzidzo chemishonga kana nemvura nemweya watinofema unopindawo pamupanda wemishonga.
Mhonde
Mhonde izita remhuri rinowanikwa muZimbabwe.
Mitauro yeAfrika
Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mime mitauro yeChiBantu, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. Pane tarisiro yekuti mitauro yeAfrika inotodzana mazwi.
Mbato
Mbato (Wick-trimmer) zvinoreva turuzi rinoshandiswa kuchekerera tambo yerambhi kana kuti mwenje. Mbato inotaridzika sechigero.
Gwenanguruve
Gwenanguruve kana gwenanguruve (Climbing shrub: Smilax kraussiana).
Hwesa seChidawo
Hwesa chidawo chemutupo chinowanikwa muZimbabwe.
Mitauro yeBantu
Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeChiBantu, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. Chinangwa ndechekutsvaga zvinoreva mazita, zvikurusei kana mazita aya asisiri kutaurwa mumutauro wemazuva ano.
Chivhu, Zimbabwe
Chivhu idhorobha riri muZimbabwe rinowanikwa mudunhu reMashonaland East. Dhorobha iri rakakomberedzwa nemaruwa nemapurazi anodanwa kunzi Chivhu zvakare. Munguva yokunge nyika isati yawana kuzvitonga kwevatema, dhorobha iri rainzi Enkeldoorn. Nzvimbo yakakomberedza Chivhu yakanga yakagarwa nemaAfrikaans, ava maBhunu akabva kuSouth Africa vanova ndivo vakatumidza zita rokuti Enkeldoorn.
Ndowa sezita
Ndowa izita remhuri rinowanikwa muZimbabwe, Zambia neCongo Kinshasa.
Man'a
Man'a (cracks in feet) zvinoreva kutsemuka kunoita ganda riri pasi petsoka zvikurusei kana munhu achifamba asina kupfeka shangu.
Munyeza
Mitauro yeBantu
Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeChiBantu, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. Chinangwa ndechekutsvaga zvinoreva mazita, zvikurusei kana mazita aya asisiri kutaurwa mumutauro wemazuva ano.
Pambo sezita
Pambo izita rinowanikwa muZimbabwe, Senegal] ne[[Uganda.
Nzwara
Nzwara (ku Chingezi: nail; nails) kana nzara i nhengo inowanikwa kunoperera zvigunwe nechepamusoro, uye nhengo iyi inoramba ichikura nguva dzose nyangwe munhu achembera. Nzwara dzinowanikwa ku (zvigunwe zve) tsoka zvose nemaoko.
Zita
Iro zita rekuti nzara ngarisa sanganiswe nenzara (kana zhara) yemunhu paanenge asati arya.
Pambo sezita
Mitauro yeAfrika
Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeAfrica, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. Pane tarisiro yekuti mitauro yeAfrika inotodzana mazwi.
Mukoto sezita
Mukoto izita remhuri muZimbabwe neKenya.
Tezvara
Shoko rokuti tezvara (father-in-law in English)  rinoreva baba vemukadzi wawakaroora iwe murume. Pahukama hwedu muZimbabwe madzitezvara vanosanganisirawo vakoma nevanin'ina vababa vemukadzi wako.
Mukoto sezita
Mitauro yeBantu
Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mime mitauro yeChiBantu, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. Chinangwa ndechekutsvaga zvinoreva mazita, zvikurusei kana mazita aya asisiri kutaurwa mumutauro wemazuva ano.
Tezvara
Shoko iri rinoshandazve kutaura hanzvadzi dzemukadzi wawakaroora iwe murume - (wife's brother).
Chinyorwa chikuru chePandemic
Shoko rekuti Pandemic rakabva parurimi rwechiGreek ishoko rinoreva kupararira kwechirwere chinopomeranwa icho chinenge chafamba kana kushanyira matunhu kana nyika dzakawanda kudarika imwe chete. Kupararira nekukasira kwechirwere muvanhu vazhinji vagere munzvimbo imwe kana dunhu rimwe nemnguva pfupi kunodaidzwa nezita rechirungu rekuti epidemic. Chirwere chakapararira asi huwandu hwevanhu vachakabata huchiramba hwakadzikama chinonzi endemic, kwete pandemic. Chirwere chikava endemic asi chiine huwandu hwakadzikama hwevanhu vachakabata, zvakafanana nedzihwa rinopota richinyuka zvichienderana nemwaka chiri kunze kweboka iri nokuti zvinoitika panguva imwechete mumatunhu mahombe dzepasirose kwete kupararira nenyika yose.
Tsanangudzo nematanho
Zita rekuti pandemci rinoshandiswa kutsanangura epidemic iri kuitika ichigura miganhu yenyika. Chirwere kana chimiro chero chikapararira kwakawanda kana kuuraya vanhu vakawanda hachizodaidzwi kuti pandemic nokuda kwaizvozvo zvoga, chinofanirawo kuva chinotapuriranwa. Semuenzaniso, chirwere chegomarara chinokonzera kufa kwevanhu vazhinji asi hachiverengwi sepandemic nekuti hachitapuriki kana kuparadzirwa.
Kupararira kwema epidhemic (nemapandemic) kana kuchitaridzwa pagraph kunobudisa chimiro kana kuti dendenedzu rakaita sebhera, chichitaridza huwandu hwevanhu vanenge vabatwa nechirwere panguva imwe neimwe. Dendenedzu iri kazhinji rinongobuda rakadaro kana chirwere chapararira. Zvirwere zvinotapuriranwa kazhinji zvinopararira muzvikamu zvitatu sezvakataridzwa pagraph rinotevera. Mufananidzo wekutanga: Graph rinoratidza dendenedzu reepidemic, rakanyorwa naToby Morris. MuThe Spinoff ya9 Kurume 2020
Chikamu chekutanga chinowanikwa panotanga dendenedzu. Kana tikatora chirwere chapararira cheCOVID-19 semuenzaniso, ndizvo zvinotaridza panotangira kupararira kwechirwere, panenge panevanhu vashoma vanenge vachizivikanwa kuti vakabatwa nechirwere chacho.
Chikamu chechipiri chedendenedzu reepidemic chinotaridza nhanho inodaidzwa nezita rechirungu rekuti "community phase" Panhanho iyi ndipo panobuda hochekoche yekubatwa kwevanhu nechirwere apo vanhu vanga vasina chirwere ichi vanotangawo kubatwa nacho.
Chikamu chechitatu chedendendzu reepidemic chinotaridza kuti kupararira kwechirwere kwadzorwa, kana kuti hazvichakwanisiki kuti kuwanikwe vamwe vanhu vatsva vanobatwa nacho.
Kudzora kupararira kwechirwere
Kune matanho akawanda anogona kutorwa nenyika kudzora kunyuka kwepandemic. Mugore ra2005, sangano reWorld Health Organisation rakakumikidza gwaro rinodaidzwa nechirungu kuti International Health Regulations, rinova iro gwaro remutemo rekudzivirira, kudzora pamwe nekumirisana nezvimiro zvehutano zvinogona kutapuriranwa pakati penyika dzakasiyana. Pamusoro pazvo sangano reWorld Health Organisation rakaumba gwaro rinopa gwara pakurwisana nema pandemic echirwere chedzihwa. Gwaro iri rakatanga kuburitswa mugore ra1999 rikazodzokorodzwa nekuvandudzwa mugore ra2005 nemuna 2009. Matanho mazhinji ekudzivirira chirwere cheCOVID-19 akatorwa kubva mugwaro reInternational Health Regulations 2005 nemuzviga zveWorld Health Organisation zvekugadzirirwa kwekumirirsana nemapandemic edzihwa.
Pava nenhaurirano dzakawanda pamusoro penzira yekurwisa inodaidzwa kuti 3T's (Testing, Treatment, Tracing) zvichireva (kuvheneka, kurapa, kuteverera) iyo inoita kuti nyika dzikwanise kuona nekukasira uwandu hwevanhu vakabatwa nechirwere dzisati dzavapatsanura kubva kune vamwe vanhu pamwe nekuvarapa. Nzira yacho inosanganisira kuteverera vanhu vese vakambosangana nemunhu anechirwere wacho, kwava kuvapatsanurawo nevamwe. Nzira iyi yaita mukurumbira nekuda kwekubudirira kwayakaita munzvimbo dzinoti South Korea neSingapore, kunyangwe hazvo zvichifungidzirwa kuti nyika mbiri idzi dzakagara dzakagadzirira mushure medambudziko rakakonzerwa nechirwere cheSARS.
Kumira vanhu vakaparadzana, kana kuti kusiya nzvimbo pakati pako nevamwe vanhu, idanho rezvehutano hweveruzhinji rakanangana nekunonotsa kupararira kwechirwere kuburikidza nekukonesa vanhu kusvika pedyo napedyo kuitira kushaisa mukana kutapuriranwa kwezvirwere zvinopararira nezvinotapuriranwa. Mukuru mukuru wesangano reWorld Health Organisation, Chiremba Michael J Ryan vachitaura nevatapi venhau muna Kurume 2019 vakati ivo kumira wakasiya nzvimbo pakati pako nevamwe vanhu "idanho rinoshanda kwenguva pfupi rekudzora kumhanya kwekupararira kwechirwere, nokubvisa mutoro pamapato ezvehutano, asi zvisingapedzi hutachiwana pachahwo. Danho iri rinodhura, huye rinoda kushandiswa pamwe chete nemamwe matanho ekurwisana nedambudziko." Chiremba Ryan vakajekesa kuti kusiya nzvimbo pakati pako nevamwe vanhu chete hakungagoni kupedza chirwere.
Shuramatongo
Chinyorwa chikuru: Kuongororwa kwezvechirwere cheShuramatongo
Kunangwe hazvo WHO ichishandisa shoko rokuti "global epidemic" kutsanangura chirwere cheShuramatongo, chirwere ichi kana tichitevedza zvinoreva mavara awa "ipandemic". Kusvika mugore ra2018, vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni makumi matatu nemanomwe nechidimbu (37.9 million) Pasirose vakanga vabatwa nechirwere cheShuramatongo. Mugore ra2018, vanhu vakafa nechirwere ichi vanosvika mazana manonwe nemakumi manomwe ezvuru (770,000). Parizvino, dunhu rekuchamhembe kweAfrica ndiro rakanyanya kukanganiswa neShuramatongo. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvikamu zvikumi zvitanhatu nechimwe kubva muzana (61%) zvevanhu vakabatwa neutachiwana hweShuramatongo kekutanga vanhu vemudunhu iri.
Hutachiwana hweboka remaCoronaviruses
Hutachiwana hwemhando yemaCoronavirus iboka guru rehutachiwana hunokonzera zvirwere zvinosanganisira kubva padzihwa ramazuva ose kusvika pane zvimwe zvirwere zvakasimba seMiddle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) neSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV). Imwe mhando itsva yekoronavhayirasi (SARS-CoV-2) inokonzera chirwere cheCoronavirus 2019, kana kuti COVID-19. Mamwe marudzi ehutachiwana hwemaCoronavirus anodaidzwa kuti ari 'zoonotic', kureva kuti anotapuriranwa pakati pevanhu nemhuka. Tsvagurudzo yakadzama yakaitwa yakabudisa kuti SARS-CoV yakatapurirwa vanhu kubva pamhuka yerudzi rwechidembo, uyewo MERS-CoV yakatapurirwa vanhu nemangamera. Kune hutachiwana hunozivikanwa hwakawanda hwemhando yemacoronavirus huchiri kungotenderera mumhuka husati hwatapurirwa kuvanhu. Mhando itsva yehutachiwana hweCoronavirus hwakatangira muguta reWuhan, mudunhu reHubei kuChina kupera kwaZvita 2019, hwakonzera chitsama chechirwere chakasimba chinokanganisa munhu kufema, icho chinodaidzwa nezita rekuti Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Dandemutande reHopkins University rakabudisa mashoko ekuti nyika dzinoda kusvika mazana maviri dzakashanyirwa nehutachiwanan hweCOVID-19, icho chakanyanyopararira munyika dzinoti United States (America), matunhu epakati peChina, kumavirazuva kweEurope pamwe chete neIran. Musi wa 11 Kurume mugore ra2020, sangano rezvehutanho pasirose reWorld Health Organisation rakapinza kupararira kweCOVID-19 muchikamu chemapandemic Kusvika musi wa23 Kubvumbi 2020 uhwandu hwevanhu vakanga vabatwa nechirwere cheCOVID-19 hwakanga hwasvika pamamiriyoni maviri nemakumi matanhatu nematatu ezviuru (2.63 million) pasirose, huwandu hwevafa nacho huchisvika zana nemakumi masere nemana ezvuru nevanhu makumi maviri emazana nemakumi mana nevapfumbamwe kana kuti 184,249 ukuwo vakapora pachirwere ichi vachisvika mazana manomwe nemakumi maviri ezvuru anemakumi mashanu nevashanu, kana kuti 722,055.
Marariya
Marariya chirwere chakakurumbira munzvimbo dziri pakati nepadhuze pedendenedzu renyika idzo dzinodaidzwa nechirungu kuti ma "tropical and subtropical regions" dzinosanganisira mamwe matunhu eAmerica, Asia pamwe neAfrica. Gore negore vanhu vanofungidzirwa kuti vanosvika huhwandu hwunobva pamazana matatu nekakumi mashanu emamiriyoni kusvika pamazana mashanu emamiriyoni vanobatwa nechirwere ichi. Dambudziko guru mumakore e21st century nderekuti chirwere chinojairira mishonga iyo inobva yashaiwa simba rekurapa chirwere ichi, izvo zvinova zvava kuitika kumhando dzose dzemishonga yemharariya, kunze kwe mando inodaidzwa nezita rekuti artemisinins
Marariya chirwere chakamboita mukurumbira munyika zhinji dzekuEurope neAmerica yekuchamhembe, uko isingachawanikwi. Marariya inofungidzirwa kuti yakabatsira pakuwondomoka kwehumambo hweRoma. Chirwere ichi chakatozombozikanwa nezita rekuti "Roman fever". Hutachiwana "hwePlasmodium falciparum" yakava njodzi huru kuvapambepfumi pamwe nevagari venzvimbo apo hwakapinda mudunhu reAmerica pamakore ekutengeswa kwenhapwa.
Chirwere chedzihwa rerudzi hweSpanish
Dzihwa reSpanish flu (1918 kusvika 1920) rakabata vanhu mazana mashanu emamiriyoni pasirose, kusanganisira vanhu vanogara pazvitsuwa zvePacific nedunhu rechando reArctic, rikauraya vanhu vari pakati pemamiriyoni makumi maviri ne mamiriyoni zana. Zvirwere zvinji zvedzihwa zvinouraya zvisina kuenzana vana vadiki diki nevanhu vakwegura zvakanyanya, mukana wekurarama uchiwanikwa nevari pamazera epakati nepakati. Asi dzihwa reSpanish flu rakauraya zvisina kutarisirwa vemazera epakati nepakati. Dzihwa reSpanish flu rakauraya vanhu vakawanda kudarika hondo yekutanga yepasirose, kana kuti World War I huyewo mumavhiki makumi maviri nemashanu ekutanga kwaro rakuraya vanhu vakawanda kudarika zvakaitwa neShuramatongo mumakore makumi maviri nemashanu ekutanga kwayo. Kuvapo kwemauto muhuwandu nekugara kwawo pakamanikana pamakore ehondo yekutanga yepasirose kwakakonzera kuti hwupararira nekushanduka nekukasira; kuva nyore kubatwa nechirwere ichi kwemauto kunogona kungewo kwakabatsirwa nekusagadzikana mupfungwa, kushaya chikafu chinovaka muviri nekurwiswa kwavo nezvombo zvine mushonga inoparadza. Kuvandudzika kwemafambiro nezvifambiso kwakaita kuti zvive nyore kuti mauto, vatyairi vezvikepe nevafambiwo zvavo vaparadzire chirwere ichi.
Kupikiswa kwemishonga yerudzi rwemaAntibiotic
Hutachiwana hune simba rekupikisa mushonga wemaAntibiotic hunodaidzwa dzimwe nguva nezita rechirungu rekuti "masuperbugs". Hutawana hwerudzi uhwu hwunokwanisa kubatsira kunyuka zvakare kwezvirwere zvanga zvambokwanisa kudzorwa zvakanaka. Semuenzaniso, zviitiko zvechirwere cherurindi kana kuti TB zvine simba rekupikis amishonga yagara ichizivikanwa kuti inorapa chirwere ichi zvakanaka idambudziko guru kune vezveutano. Zviitiko zvitsva zvinoda kusvika chidimbu chemiriyoni imwechete zvekupikiswa kwemishonga mizhinji yerurindi, uko kunodaidzwa nechirungu kuti multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) zvinoitika gore negore. China ne India ndidzo nyika dzine zviitiko zvakawanda zve dambudziko iri. Sangano rezveutano hwepasirose reWorld Health Organisation (WHO) rinobudisa mashoko ekuti huwandu hwevanhu vanofungidzirwa kusvika pa mamiriyoni makumi mashanu pasirose vane chirwere cheMDR TB, zvikamu makumi manomwe nezvipfumbamwe kubva muzana zvavo zviri zvevanhu vane chirwere cherudzi rwunopikisana nemishona mitatu kana kupfuura. Mugore ra2015, zviitiko zvinosvika zana nemakumi maviri anezvina zveMDR-TB zvakaonekwa muAmerica (United States) chete. Imwe mhando yechirwere cherurindi inopikisana mishinga yakawanda zvakapamhidzirwa iyo inodaidzwa nechirungu kuti extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) yakaonekwa muAfrica mugore ra2016, ikazoonekwa kuti yaiwanikwawo munyika makumi mana nepfumbamwe, kusanganisira muAmerika. Sangano reWHO rinofungidzira kuti zviitiko zvitsva zveXDR-TB zvinosvika zviuru makumi mana (40 000) zvinoonekwa pagore.
Mumakore makumi mana apfuura, hutachiwana hwamazuva ose hunosanganisira hunonzi Straphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens neEnterococcus, hwakaumba simba rekupikisana nemishonga ine chitsama yakafanana nevancomycin, pamwe nezvikwata zvimwe zvizere zvemishonga inorwisa hutachiwana yemaAntibiotics yakaita sema aminoglycosides nemacephalosporins. Hutachiwana hunopikisa mishonga yemaAntibiotic yava honzeri huru ye kubatwa nezvirwere kune chekuita nezvekurapwa kwevanhu, kana kuti muchirungu "healthcare-associated (nosocomical) infections" (HAI, muchidimbu). Pamusoro pazvo, huhwere hunokonzerwa nemarudzi anotapurwa mukugarisana (community-acquired strains) ehutachiwana hwemethicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) muvanhu vagara havo vaine hutano hwavo, hwawedzera kutekeshera makore ano.
Huhwere hwunobudisa ropa
Hurwere hwunobudisa ropa, hunodaidzwa nechirungu kuti viral hemorrhagic fevers, huhwere hunotapuriranwa zvakanyanya huye hunouraya kwazvo. Mienzaniso inosanganisira zvirwere zvinoti Ebola, Lassa fever, Rift Valley fever, Marbug virus disease neBolivian hemorrhagic fever. Zvirwere zvemhando iyi zvine mukana wekupararira kuita pandemic. Simba razvo rekukwanisa kupararira nekukasira kuva pandemic rakapomhodzwa nekuti kuparadzirwa kwehutachiwana hwacho kunogoneka chete kana munhu asina hutachiwana agunzvana neanahwo, uyewo iye anehutachiwana hwacho anenguva pfupi asati asangana nerufu kana kuti kurwara kwakanyanya. Nguva diki inowanikwa panotangira munhu kubatwa nehutachiwana kusvika paanotanga kuratidza zviratidzo zveurwee hwacho inopa vezvehutano mukana wekukasira kumutsaura pane vamwe, kuitira kudzivirira kutapurira kwake hutachiwana kune dzimwe nzvimbo.
Hutachiwana hwerudzi hweZika virus
Chinyorwa chikuru: epidhemiki ya2015 kusvika 2016 yeZika virus, Zika virus neZika fever
Kupararira kweZika virus kwakatanga mugore ra2015 kukazokwira zvakanyanya mumwedzi yose yekutanga kwa2016, kuchionekwa zviitiko zvinodarika miriyoni imwechete nechidimbu munyika dzinodarika gumi nembiri munyika-dunhu reAmerica. Sangano reWorld Health Organisation rakayambira kuti Zika yaiva nesimba rekuzoputika kuita pandemic inobata pasirose kana ikasadzorwa.
Pamwechete
Pamwechete, pamwe kana pamwemi (together, in the company of) zvinoreva zviri kuitwa mukubatana kana neboka rimwe.
Kuhora Mari
Kuhora Mari (receive wages) zvinoreva kutambira mari mushure mokunge washanda basa.
Ponga sezita
Ponga izita remhuri rinowanikwa muCongo Kinshasa, neTanzania.
Mitauro yeAfrika
Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeAfrica, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya.
Nyangara
Nyangara izita remhuri rinowanikwa muZimbabwe.
Valentín Elizalde
Valentín Elizalde Valencia (Jithupeca, Sonora, Kukadzi 1, 1979 - Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mbudzi 25, 2006), anozivikanwawo se "El Gallo de Oro", aive muimbi weMexico. Musi waNovember 25, 2006, Elizalde akapfurwa akafa nekomisheni mushure mekunge apedza kupa konsati.
Nomalanga
Nomalanga izita rekupihwa reNdebele rinowanikwa muZimbabwe.
Chinubhaka
Chinubhaka (chinonyorwa sekuti Nubaca) kana Chibhaka, mutauro we Chibantu unotaurwa kuKameruni ne Vanubhaka. Mutauro uyu unotyiwa kufa nevakuru venzanga yayo nokuda kwekuti vadoko vanosarudza Chifurenji pamusoro pemitauro ye Chivanhu chavo. Kunyangwe vachigona kutaura uye kunzwisisa mutauro wacho pamazuvaose vanoisa Chifurenji pauzuru. Pamusoro pezvo vamwe vemunzanga ye chiNubhaka vanotauro wo mimwe mitauro senge Chibhasaa kunyanya mitauronyina yekumaodzanyemba, uyewo Chinugunu ne Chiewondo.
Nomalanga
Mitauro yeBantu
Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeChiBantu, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. Chinangwa ndechekutsvaga zvinoreva mazita, zvikurusei kana mazita aya asisiri kutaurwa mumutauro wemazuva ano.
Chibayamakono
Chibayamakono kana chitungururu (Small shrub: Xeromphis obovata).
Fukusirwa
Shoko rokuti fukusirwa (fossil) riri kushandiswa pano kuturikira mutumbi wechiro chakafa chikafushirwa mungava muvhu kana mumvura panzvimbo yakararama chimiro chacho chisina kupfudzika zvakanyanya kana chichiri kukwanisa kuonekwa kuti chaimbovei.
Yele sezita
Yele izita revanhu rinowanikwa muCameroon, Cote d'Ivoire neRwanda.
Tswere
Tswere izita remhuri rinowanikwa muSouth Africa.
Mitauro ye Chinaija-Kongo
Pakava ne humbowo kuratidza kuti iri vharidhi (valid), inogona kuva mhuri yemitauro yechitatu pasirose pahuwandu hwevanhu vanoutaura serurimi rwamai, vatauri vanosvika 700 miriyoni kubva muna 2015. Mitauro ye Chinaija-Kongo dzinotaurwa nehuwandu hwevanhu vakawanda hwunosanganisa Chiyorubha, Chiigbho, Chifurufurudhe (Chifurani), Chishona, Chisutu uye Chizulu. Chiswahiri ndicho chinotaurwa zvakanyanya pakati pe mitauro ye Chinaija-Kongo uye muAfurika yese, unoshandiswa semutauro wenyika zhinji kuMabvazuva uye Chemhembechemabvazuva e Afurika.
Tswere
Mitauro yeBantu
Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeChiBantu, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. Chinangwa ndechekutsvaga zvinoreva mazita, zvikurusei kana mazita aya asisiri kutaurwa mumutauro wemazuva ano.
Mitauro ye Chinaija-Kongo
Mumhuri ye Chinaija-Kongo pane dzimwe mhuri dzemitauro senge Chiatlandiki-Kongo, Chidhogoni, Chimande, Chiijo uye Chirashadhi (pamusoro pezvo mitauro ye Chibantu chikamu cheboka re Chinaija-Kongo futi).
Atlandiki-Kongo
Boka re Chiatlandiki chiri polyphyletic rinoverengerwa 35 miriyoni vatauri kubva muna 2016, yakanyanya kusanganisa vatauri we Chifula uye Chiworofu. Atlandiki hayiwonekwi sechikamu chiri vharidhi kuboka racho.
Tarisai futi peji re Mitauro ye Vhoruta-Kongo
Yele sezita
Vanhu vane zita iri: Yele Coulibaly; Yele Silue; Yele Glory; Yele Ouattara.
2008
2008 (sho: zvuruzviiri nemakumimairinesere) raive gore remucharikwa rakatanga musi waChipiri muKarenda ya Gregori, igore rechi2008 reZera riNjee (ZN) uye Ano Dhomini (AD) dzemishariro, gore rechi-8 muwurukati ritatu uye muZanagore rechi-21, uye gore rechipfumbamwe mugumikati reMa2000.
Maambonyina
Pachinyorwa chino mazwi anoti maambonyina kana mitauronyina ari kushandiswa kuturikira chinonzi dialects kuEnglish, apa zvichireva mitauro yakafanana mazwi mazhinji zvokuti vatauri vanonzwanana, asi pachizoita mamwe mazwi akasiyana pakutaura nepakunyorwa. Somuenzaniso ChiShona chine mitauronyina inodarika minomwe. Ndiminyina kana maambonyina akabatanidzwa kuumba ChiShona anosanganisira: ChiKaranga, ChiManyika, Zezuru, ChiKorekore, Ndau, Budya, ChiTonga nemimwewo.
English ine miyambonyina yakawanda zvichienderana nenyika yacho inobva vatauri. Kune British English, American English, Australian English, South African English zvichingodaro. Somuenzaniso South African English ine mazwi anotevera asingawanikwe kuBritain: braai, naartjie, kopje, veld, kloof, kraal, boerwors zvichingodaro.
Mitauro yeBantu
Zita rokuti maambonyina rasarudzwa pano richitodza izwi rokuti kuamba rinowanikwa kuMitauro yeBantu sezvizvi:
Muthanga sezita
Muthanga izita remhuri rinowanikwa muKenya.
Mitauro yeAfrika
Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeAfrica, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. Pane tarisiro yekuti mitauro yeAfrika inotodzana mazwi.
Chidzungu
Chidzungu kana chidzurwa (Sub-shrub: Trumfetta amuletum).
Muteka sezita
Muteka izita remhuri rinowanikwa kuNamibia neDemocratic Republic of the Congo.
Chipikiri
Chipikiri (Nail, spike) kureva nimbi inokomerwa kuti ibatanidze zvinhu zvakadai sepango.
Muteka sezita
Mitauro yeAfrika
Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeAfrika, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya.
Chaora sezita
Chaora izita remhuri rinowanikwa muZimbabwe.
Mitauro yeBantu
Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeChiBantu, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. Chinangwa ndechekutsvaga zvinoreva mazita, zvikurusei kana mazita aya asisiri kutaurwa mumutauro wemazuva ano.
Mutarara
Mutarara, chidamba kana mutara (Shrub: Gardenia jovis-tonantis & spatulifolia).
Hanzvadzi
Hanzvadzi (nge: sibling) ishoko rinoreva vanhu vaviri munhukadzi nemunhurume vakazvarwa nababa vamwechete kana kuti amai vamwechete.
Dungo
Dungo (Big needle for sewing sacks).
Hove
Shoko rokuti hove (fish in English) rinoreva mhuka dzinorarama mumvura dzisina makumbo uye dzinorarma mumvura chete dzisingabude kunze kwemvura.
Rativhiya
Rativhiya (kureva Latvia, Chirativhu: Latvija; Chiratigali: Latveja; Chirivhoni: Leţmō) kana Vurati kutodza tsika dze Chishona, inyika iri muziwumbe re Yuropu.
Gutaguru rayo iRiga.
Nyika iyi ine miganhu ne Rhashiya, Estonia, Ritwaniya, Bherarusi ne Suwidhe.
Zita
Kuti Vurati kana Vulati zvinoreva kuti nyika ye Vanhu vechi Lat.
U- kana Wu- anogona kushandiswa zve, sokuti "Ulati" kana "Wulati".
Kuperekedza
Kuperekedza (to accompany) kuenda nemunhu chikamu cherwendo kana rwendo rwese.
Maorera sezita
Maorera kana Maworera izita remhuri rinowanikwa muZimbabwe.
Hove
Mhando dzehove dziriko dzakawanda. Mhando idzi dzinosanganisira gwaya, jenya, muramba, zitye, mukunga nedzimwewo. Kune dzinogara murwizi nenyanza mumvura isina munyu, koitawo dzinogara mugungwa kune mvura ine munyu.
Maorera sezita
Mitauro yeBantu
Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mime mitauro yeChiBantu, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. Kune tarisiro yekuti mitauro yeBantu inotodzana mazwi.
Hove
Mudungiro, mutungira kana mudururu (Fishing Stringer, or string for carrying fish) chitambo kana cheni inotungirwa hove dzaredzwa kuti dzitakurike. Tambo iyi inopinzwa nemukanwa mehove yobuda nekumativi kunofema nako hove.
Chiteme sezita
Chiteme izita remhuri rinowanikwa muZimbabwe neZambia.
Hove
Izwi rokuti bakayau rinobva kuchiPortuguese chinoti bacalhau -dried fish.
Chiteme sezita
Mitauro yeBantu
Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeChiBantu, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. Chinangwa ndechekutsvaga zvinoreva mazita, zvikurusei kana mazita aya asisiri kutaurwa mumutauro wemazuva ano.
Mosepe sezita
Mosepe izita remhuri rinowanikwa muSouth Africa.
Namate
Mitauro yeBantu
Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeChiBantu, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. Chinangwa ndechekutsvaga zvinoreva mazita, zvikurusei kana mazita aya asisiri kutaurwa mumutauro wemazuva ano.
Mosepe sezita
Mitauro yeAfrika
Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeAfrica, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya.
Yelema sezita
Yelema izita revanhu rinowanikwa muGhana, Cameroon, Cote d'Ivoire neBurkina Faso.
Mutumbuka
Mutumbuka izita remhuri rinowanikwa muZimbabwe neZambia.
Masowe
Masowe inzvimbo inosangana vanamati zvikurusei veChipositori vachiparidza nekunamata.
Yelema sezita
Vanhu vane zita iri: Safi Yelema; Pauline Yelema; Leonette Yelema; Yelema Coulibaly.
Chiedza
Chiedza (Chirungu: light ) zvinoreva masaisai anobvisa rima panzvimbo anova ndiwo tinogamuchira mumaziso edu patinoti tiri kuona. Chiedza chingabva kuzuva kana umwe mwenje wakaita sekenduru, moto nerambhi. If you know anyone called Chiedza, you very are blessed. Cherish her or him because they work hard for you. In other words, they shine the light for you.
Mukotsanjera
Mukotsanjera izita remhuri rinowanikwa muZimbabwe.
Nyamavhuvhu 21
Nyamavhuvhu 21 (kana Chishona chizere: musi wemakumimairi-nerimwe muMwedzi waNyamavhuvhu) musi wegore wemazanamairinemakumimatatu-netatu (kana musi wechimazanamairinemakumimatatu-nenna pagore remucharikwa) muKarenda ya Gregori; pasara mazuva zananemakumimatatu-nembiri kusvika pakupera kwegore.
Chiedza
Zhenje (grass torch) kureva chiswa chiri kushandiswa semwenje.
Kurerutsa Mutauro
Rujekese (to make things clear, enlightenment) apa kutaura kuisa nhau pachena kana kuunza kunzwisisa, kana nguva yokunge vanhu vajekerwa nezvinhu.
Mukotsanjera
Mitauro yeBantu
Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeChiBantu, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. Chinangwa ndechekutsvaga zvinoreva mazita, zvikurusei kana mazita aya asisiri kutaurwa mumutauro wemazuva ano.
Chiedza
Kurerutsa Mutauro
Tungidza mwenje tione kwatinoenda.
Kunyorova
Shoko rokuti kunyorova rinotaura chinhu chinofanirwa kunge chakaoma asi chava nemvura kana mumwe mutuvi. Mbatya dzikange dzayanikwa pazuva dzinowoma asi kana mvura iri padziri isati yapera dzinonzi dzakanyorova.
Chikarangwashu
Chikarangwashu (Shrub: Hibiscus micranthus).
Mutumbuka
Mitauro yeBantu
Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeChiBantu, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. Chinangwa ndechekutsvaga zvinoreva mazita, zvikurusei kana mazita aya asisiri kutaurwa mumutauro wemazuva ano.
Maganga
Maganga izita remhuri rinowanikwa muZimbabwe.
Mitauro yeAfrika
Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeAfrika, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya.
Munyayi
Munyayi munhu anoshanda semutumwa achifambisa mashoko pakati pemhuri mbiri dziri kuroorerana. Nguva dzose munyai munhu wechirume anosarudzwa kumhuri yemurume ari kunoroora. Munyayi ndiye anononzwa kuti tezvara ari kutema pfuma yakawanda sei, achizoturikira mashoko aya kune mukwasha auya kuzoroora. Munyayi ndiye zvakare anodzosa mhinduro dzezvichemo kana kubvumira kwemukuwasha.
Yelema sezita
Mitauro yeAfrika
Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mime mitauro yeChiBantu, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. Pane tarisiro yekuti mitauro yeAfrika inotodzana mazwi.
Ruomba
Ruomba (cream in English) zvinoreva mafuta anowanikwa achiyangarara pamusoro pemukaka. Pwambwa kana kuti ruomba runopatsanurwa kubva pamukaka rwuchitengeswa rwega kana kuti rwunotengeswa rwakasangana nemukaka wacho. Mukaka unokwaniswa kutengeswa uine ruomba rwune huwandu hwakasiyana. Mukaka unotengeswa uine mafuta anotanga pazvikamu chimwe pazana (1%), zviviri pazana (2%), zvitatu nehafu (3.5%) zvichingodaro.
Vukaranga
Vukaranga, Ukaranga (Chikalanga: Bukalanga; Chivhenda: Vhukaranga/Vhukalanga) ndiro zita raishandiswa kudhara kudana Zimbabwe pakati pevanhu vayo vakatanga kugaramo. Vakaranga (avo Vashona vose mukudhara) vaiti Vukaranga, uye Vavhenda vaitiwo Vhukalanga/Vhukaranga, Vakalanga vachizoti wo Bukalanga.
Sandura sezita
Sandura izita remhuri rinowanikwa muZimbabwe.
Vukaranga
Zita
Zita rokuti Vukaranga rinongoreva kuti "chisi" kana "nzvimbo" ye Vakaranga/Vakalanga. Sezvinataugwa nenhoroondo Vakaranga na Vakalanga uye Vavhenda vane hukama huripedyo. Zvinhu zvingasiyane hazvo mazuvano ano nokuda kwemapolitiko, noruvengo ruripakati pevanhu uye rusaruradzinza nezvimwe wo, asi nguva yaivepo yokuti Madzimambo echiVhenda aitonga Vakaranga (Vashona) uye Madzimambo echiShona/Karanga achitonga Vakalanga sezvo Vakalanga vachitonga Vashona kana Vavhenda zvakadaro, vanhu vachigarisana vachikwanisa kufamba pakati penzvimbo.
Munyayi
Pakubata basa iri, munyai anobatsirwa natete vemusikana vanofanirwa kunge vachiziva tsika dzemusha waberekwa musikana uye vachiziva vanhu vemo kuitira pakutaura ukama hwevanhu kana vasangana mhuri mbiri.
Sandura sezita
Mitauro yeBantu
Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeChiBantu, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya. Chinangwa ndechekutsvaga zvinoreva mazita, zvikurusei kana mazita aya asisiri kutaurwa mumutauro wemazuva ano.
Munyayi
Kune mamwe matunhu munyayi anodainzwa kunzi sadunzvi kana kuti dunzvi
In English "munyayi" is a go-between when a man goes to pay the bride price at her future wife's family.
Efik
Efik mutauro unowanikwa kuNigeria neCameroon.
Munyayi
Kurerutsa Mutauro
Shoko rokuti munyayi rinoreva mumiriri panyanya dzakadai sekuroorana. Uyu anenge ari iye anosvitsa mashoko pakti pamhuri mbiri. Nokumwe kutaura tingaturikira tichiti ambassador munyayi zvakare, asi ari munyayi wenyika yake yaanobva. Pakutaura kazhinji tinoti mumiriri weZimbabwe kuUnited nations - zvakadii tikati munyayi weZimbabwe kuUnited Nations?
Masepe sezita
Masepe izita remhuri rinowanikwa muBotswana, Zimbabwe neSouth Africa.
Katswere
Katswere izita remhuri rinowanikwa muDemocratic Republic of the Congo.
Masepe sezita
Mitauro yeAfrika
Pano panyorwa mazwi ari pedyo nezita iri kune mimwe mitauro yeAfrica, asi zvinoreva zita zvigona kusiyana zvachose nemazwi ari pasi aya.