cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Scotland
Scotland (Scotland, Alba ) is one of the four countries of the United Kingdom. Scotland located on the northern third of Great Britain. Many other islands in the British Isles are also part of Scotland. To the south of Scotland is England, the North Sea is to the east, the Atlantic Ocean is to the west and the Irish Sea is to the south-west.
The capital city of Scotland is Edinburgh on the east coast, but the biggest city is Glasgow on the west coast. The other cities in Scotland are Aberdeen, Dundee, Inverness, Perth, Stirling and Dunfermline. About five million people live in Scotland. Most of the population lives in the Central Belt, an area between the Scottish Highlands and the Scottish Lowlands.
Unlike most of Great Britain, most of Scotland was not part of the Roman Empire (only the southern half of Scotland -then named Caledonia- was under roman control for a century) and did not become part of Anglo-Saxon England. The Kingdom of Scotland started in the 9th century AD. In 1603, James VI of Scotland inherited the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Ireland. In 1707, the parliament of Scotland joined with the parliament of England to become the Parliament of Great Britain. This formed the United Kingdom of Great Britain. This kingdom joined with the Kingdom of Ireland in 1801 to make the modern United Kingdom.
History
The history of Scotland begins when humans first began to live in Scotland after the end of the last ice age. Of the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age civilization that existed in the country, many fossils remain, but no written records were left behind. These people did not have writing.
Because of where Scotland is in the world and its strong reliance on trade routes by sea, the nation held close links in the south and east with the Baltic countries, and through Ireland with France and Europe. The sea was very important for trade reasons. Following the Acts of Union and Industrial Revolution, Scotland grew to be one of the largest commercial, intellectual and industrial states in Europe.
Caledonians, Picts, and Romans
The written history of Scotland begins when the Roman Empire came to the British Isles. The Romans gave Great Britain its name in Britannia or Britannia Maior. The Romans overcame and controlled what is now England, Wales, and southern Scotland. To the north of the River Forth was Caledonia, land not fully owned by the Romans ).
The Romans had military camps and forts in much of Scotland. In Classical Antiquity, the Romans named the people in Caledonia in Caledonii. During Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages, the people of Caledonia were the Picts. The Roman army left Great Britain in the 5th century, and by the time Roman military had fought many battles with the Picts.
Scoti, Picts, and Saxons
In the Early Middle Ages, the Picts lived in a part of the land with the name Pictland. The Scoti came from Ireland and started the kingdom of Dál Riata. Parts of south-western Scotland and northern Ireland were part of Dál Riata. People there spoke old Goidelic languages. The Saxons came from Continental Europe. In the British Isles they have the name Anglo-Saxons. South-eastern Scotland became part of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria. Their language was Old English.
People began to build large towns in the 10th century.
Norse
Most of the Scottish islands were ruled by the Norse (and then by Norwegians and Danes) for over four hundred years. The Kingdom of the Isles was a Norse kingdom in the western, coastal parts of Scotland. They spoke the Old Norse language.
The Norse lands include the Hebrides to the west and Orkney and Shetland to the north. The Isle of Man was also a part of the Kingdom of the Isles. The islands still have a culture of their own.
Wars of Independence
The Wars of Scottish Independence were many military campaigns fought between Scotland and England in the late 13th and early 14th centuries.
The First War (1296–1328) began with the Edward I of England's invasion of Scotland in 1296, and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton in 1328. The Second War (1332–1357) began with the English-supported invasion of Scotland by Edward Balliol and the 'Disinherited' in 1332, and ended around 1357 with the signing of the Treaty of Berwick.
The wars were part of a great national crisis for Scotland and the period became one of the most important moments in the nation's history. At the end of both wars, Scotland was an independent kingdom. The wars were also important for other reasons, such as the invention of the longbow as an important weapon in medieval warfare.
A series of deaths in the line of succession in the 1280s, followed by King Alexander III's death in 1286 left the Scottish crown in crisis. His granddaughter, Margaret, the "Maid of Norway", a four-year-old girl, was the heir.
Edward I of England, as Margaret's great-uncle, suggested that his son (also a child) and Margaret should marry, stabilising the Scottish line of succession. In 1290 Margaret's guardians agreed to this, but Margaret herself died in Orkney on her voyage from Norway to Scotland before she was made Queen, or her wedding could take place.
Because there was no clear heir to the throne anymore, the Scottish people decided to ask Edward I of England to choose their king. The strongest candidate was called Robert Bruce. Robert Bruce had castles all around the country, and had a private army. But Edward wanted to invade Scotland, so he chose the weaker candidate, who was John Balliol. He had the strongest claim to the throne, and became king on 30 November 1292. Robert Bruce decided to accept this decision (his grandson and namesake later took the throne as Robert I).
Over the next few years, Edward I kept trying to undermine both the authority of King John and the independence of Scotland. In 1295, John, on the recommendation of his chief councillors, entered into an alliance with France. This was the beginning of the Auld Alliance.
In 1296, Edward invaded Scotland. He removed King John from power, and put him in jail. The following year William Wallace and Andrew de Moray raised an army from the southern and northern parts of the country to fight the English. Under their joint leadership, an English army was defeated at the Battle of Stirling Bridge. For a short time Wallace ruled Scotland in the name of John Balliol as Guardian of the realm.
Edward came north in person and defeated Wallace at the Battle of Falkirk in 1298. Wallace escaped but resigned as Guardian of Scotland. John Comyn and Robert the Bruce were put in his place. In 1305 Wallace was captured by the English, who executed him for treason. Wallace claimed he did not commit treason as he was not loyal to England.
In February 1306 Robert Bruce murdered John Comyn, a leading rival, in a church. Bruce went on to take the crown, but Edward's army overran the country yet again after defeating Bruce's small army at the Battle of Methven. Despite the excommunication of Bruce and his followers by Pope Clement V, his support slowly strengthened; and by 1314, with the help of leading nobles such as Sir James Douglas and the Earl of Moray, only the castles at Bothwell and Stirling were still under English control.
Edward I died in Carlisle in 1307. His heir, Edward II, moved an army north to break the siege of Stirling Castle and again take control. Robert defeated that army at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314, securing temporary independence. In 1320, a letter to the Pope from the nobles of Scotland (the Declaration of Arbroath) went part of the way towards convincing Pope John XXII to overturn the earlier excommunication and cancel the various acts of submission by Scottish kings to English ones so that Scotland's independence could be recognised by other European countries.
In 1326, the first full Parliament of Scotland met. The parliament was made from an earlier council of nobility and clergy around 1235, but in 1326 representatives of the burghs—the burgh commissioners—joined them to form the Three Estates.
In 1328, Edward III signed the Treaty of Northampton which declared Scottish independence under the rule of Robert the Bruce. Four years after Robert's death in 1329, England invaded Scotland yet again, looking to put the "Rightful King"—Edward Balliol, son of John Balliol—to the Scottish throne, starting the Second War of Independence. In the face of tough Scottish resistance, led by Sir Andrew Murray, attempts to secure Balliol on the throne failed. Edward III lost interest in Balliol after the outbreak of the Hundred Years' War with France. In 1341 David II, King Robert's son and heir, was able to return from temporary exile in France. Balliol finally resigned his empty claim to the throne to Edward in 1356, before retiring to Yorkshire, where he died in 1364.
Union of the Crowns
In 1603, Elizabeth I, queen of England and of Ireland, died. The king of Scotland was the queen's heir apparent, and James VI of Scotland (son of Mary, Queen of Scots) became king of England and king of Ireland. James VI and I (from Scotland's House of Stuart) went to England to control the government, and none of Scotland's kings came to Scotland for more than one hundred years.
United Kingdom
Soldiers fought some of the wars caused by Jacobitism in Scotland. The Jacobites wanted the Roman Catholic House of Stuart, and not the Protestant House of Hanover to be kings of Britain and of Ireland. The last land battle in Great Britain was the Battle of Culloden in 1745. At that time the government's British Army stopped the Catholic rebellion led by Charles Edward Stuart. Scots-speakers and English-speakers moved many Gaelic speakers off lands in the Scottish Highlands, and many emigrated to the British Empire and the United States. In the 19th century, George IV visited Scotland. After that, Scotland and Scottish culture became more popular. Tourism to Scotland started in the 19th century. In a referendum in 1997, a majority of voters in Scotland chose to have political devolution. The Scottish Parliament, Scottish Government, and the office of first minister of Scotland was set up in 1999.
One first minister of Scotland, Alex Salmond, led the Scottish National Party's Scottish Government from 2007. in 2014, the Scottish independence referendum ended in a majority (55%) voting against independence from the United Kingdom. Nicola Sturgeon became first minister on 20 November 2014.
Geography
The mainland of Scotland makes up 1⁄3 of the size of the Great Britain, and is to the northwest of mainland Europe.
Passadumkeag, Maine
Passadumkeag is a town in Penobscot County, Maine, United States.
Scotland
Geography
Compared to the other areas of the islands of Great Britain and Ireland, Scotland is sparsely populated, most especially the north-western half of it. The main geographical feature that dictates this is the Highland Boundary Fault which roughly splits the country in half from the southwest to the northeast.
To the north and west of the Highland Boundary Fault are the more mountainous Scottish Highlands and islands, and this half of the country contains less than 5% of the total population. To the south and east of the Highland Boundary Fault is the Scottish Lowlands, which contain the vast majority (about 75%) of the Scottish population, and 3 of the 4 biggest cities (Glasgow which is 1st, Edinburgh which is 2nd, and Dundee which is 4th). Below the lowlands are the Southern Uplands which are hilly, but not as hilly at the Highlands. They are less densely populated than the lowlands, but still a lot more dense than the highlands and islands.
Located within the central part of the lowlands is the "Central Belt", a rectangle of land roughly 88 kilometres (55 miles) from West to East and 48 kilometres (30 miles) North to South. About half of the population of Scotland lives within these roughly 4,530 square kilometres (or 1,750 square miles), which is a little more than 2% of the total land area of Scotland. This is the area between Scotland’s two largest cities - Glasgow, at the Central Belt’s Western end, and Edinburgh, at the Central Belt’s Eastern end. This area is geographically bound by two bays of water – the Firth of Clyde to the West and the Firth of Forth to the East. It is the most fertile Earth in Scotland, which is why it is so population-dense, compared to the rest of the country.
The tallest mountain in Scotland is Ben Nevis, which is also the tallest mountain in the British Isles.
Culture
Throughout its history Scotland has had its own legal system (Scots law), church (the Church of Scotland), schools, and culture. Since 1999, Scotland has had its own parliament, the Scottish Parliament. It was devolved from the British parliament. The Scottish people have representation in both parliaments. The Scottish Government and the British Government both govern Scotland. On 18 September 2014, a referendum on independence from the United Kingdom took place. A majority (55%) voted to stay in the United Kingdom.
National symbols
The Flag of Scotland is blue with a white diagonal cross (a saltire). This is the cross of Saint Andrew, who is the patron saint of Scotland. Other symbols used for Scotland are the thistle and the unicorn. An image of a red lion "rampant" (standing on its back legs) on a gold background with a red border is the traditional coat of arms of the Scots monarchy.
Football
Football is the most popular sport in Scotland. Three of the big cities, Glasgow, Edinburgh and Dundee, have two or three big football teams, and most cities have at least one team. The two most famous teams in Scotland are known as the "Old Firm". These are Celtic and Rangers. These two Glasgow clubs have a lot of history, and are fierce rivals, often causing fights, riots and even murders between the fans. Rangers are world record holders, having won the most amount of league titles of any football team, currently 55.
Scotland were the winners of the Homeless World Cup in 2007 and are the current champions after they won in August 2011. They defeated Mexico 4–3 in Paris, France.
Other football clubs
The other main clubs in Scotland are Aberdeen, Hearts, Hibs and Dundee United. These teams are in the Premier League right now, and usually take the most places in the top six of the league.
Some other Scottish clubs include Gretna, who won three titles in a row, moving from the Third Division, to the SPL in only three seasons. Gretna ran out of money, and they were shut down. Also, Raith Rovers, who famously played UEFA Cup Winners, Bayern München. Raith Rovers were knocked out by Bayern München, but managed to lead 1-0 at half time. Queen of the south also reached the Europa league, after reaching the 2008 Scottish cup final. they lost 3 -2 to Rangers.
Scottish Premier League
The top division of Scottish Football is called the "Scottish Premier League" (or SPL), and is currently sponsored by the Clydesdale Bank, a large Scottish Bank. In 2013, its name was changed to "Scottish Premiership".
Rugby
In 1925, 1984 and 1990, Scotland were winners of the Five Nations' Gran Slam, having beaten all four other teams - England, Wales, Ireland and France.
Golf
Golf is a popular sport in Scotland. It is unique, as Scotland is the birthplace of golf. That is certain, but the details are not known for sure. There are many public golf courses where people can play for small fees. Elsewhere in the world, golf is a game for the wealthy.
Sandy Lyle was the first Scottish golfer to win a major title in modern times. Colin Montgomery is one of the best players never to have won a major championship: He finished second in major events five times.
Motorsports
Scotland is also involved with motorsports. Former F1 driver David Coulthard is a thirteen time Grand Prix winner. Jackie Stewart is a 3-time F1 World Champion and regarded as one of the best drivers ever. Jim Clark was a 2-time F1 World Champion and regarded as one of the best ever with Fangio, Schumacher and Senna. Colin McRae was also the 1995 World Rally Champion.
Tennis
Andy Murray, originally from Scotland, is currently the United Kingdom's best tennis player, having won singles titles at the US Open, and Wimbledon, where his 2013 win ended a 77-year wait for a British man to win the competition. He also won Olympic Gold in the men's singles at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. His brother, Jamie Murray, is a successful doubles player.
Elephant Polo
Scotland were the world champions of the unusual sport of Elephant Polo in 2004. Elephant Polo, registered as an Olympic sport with the Nepal Olympic Committee, was invented by Scotsman Nathan Mochan in 1983.
Traditional music
Traditional Scottish musical instruments include: the bagpipe, accordion, the fiddle, the harp and tin whistle.
Plymouth, Maine
Plymouth is a town in Penobscot County, Maine, United States.
Palade
Palade is a village in Pühalepa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia.
Patten, Maine
Patten is a town in Penobscot County, Maine, United States.
Saraland, Alabama
Saraland is a city in Mobile County, Alabama, in the United States. It is a suburb of Mobile, Alabama, and part of the Mobile metropolitan statistical area. As of the 2000 census, the population of the city was 12,288. Saraland is the third largest city in Mobile County.
Leeds Kirkgate Market
The Leeds Kirkgate Market, often known as the Leeds City Market or simply the Kirkgate Markets is a large market hall in Leeds, West Yorkshire. The original markets was the birthplace of Marks & Spencer. The markets opened in 1822 and moved to their current home in 1900. The market hall has been extended several times and also incorporates an outdoor market.
It is the largest covered market in Europe. There are 800 stalls and the market attracts over 100,000 visitors a week.
American Eskimo Dog
The American Eskimo dog is a small breed of companion dog originating in Germany. The hair of American Eskimo dog is snowy white. Their hair also is long and thick, pure and luster, agile and flexible. American Eskimo belongs to the Spitz family. And all these breeds are from German Spitz. During the First World War, this breed was renamed “American Eskimo Dog.” There are three sizes of American Eskimo breed: toy, miniature and standard. The average lifespan of American Eskimo Dog is 12–15 years.
The best living places that are suit for American Eskimo Dog is active singles and seniors, apartments, family with children, houses with yards. This breed loves playing with human and it is very friendly with the children and stranger. Also, the nickname of American Eskimo Dog is “Eskie”.
Temperament/Behavior
The American Eskimo Dog is full of vitality. They can make people who are around them feel happy. This breed wants to run, play, learn new tasks and solve problems. They are great watchdog that are always vigilant. But this breed loves barking. If you leave your dog at home by itself, it will bark whole day. Your neighbors may complain because of barking. You can’t train the barking out of the Eskie, but you can teach them a stop barking command. American Eskimo Dogs need companionship, and if they stay alone, they will feel very dysphoric.
Exercise requirement
Because this breed likes sports, the dog needs to have plenty of exercise every day. A lot of exercise can keep their health and make them happy. The toy and miniature sizes can be fed in apartments, but the standard sizes may need a yard or enough space to run.
Python Software Foundation
The Python Software Foundation (PSF) is a nonprofit organization in USA related to the Python programming language started on March 6, 2001.
Walenstadt
Walenstadt is a small city in east Switzerland. It is near Lake Walen and is divided in four part cities: Tscherlach, Berschis, Walenstadt and Walenstadtberg.
Stacyville, Maine
Stacyville is a town in Penobscot County, Maine, United States.
Springfield, Maine
Springfield is a town in Penobscot County, Maine, United States.
The Smurfs
The Smurfs are fictional little blue beings created by Peyo, a Belgian cartoonist. They first appeared in 1958, and later in a cartoon television show created by Hanna-Barbera Productions in the 1980s. On September 12, 1981, they were featured on NBC on Saturday mornings as a cartoon series. The little blue creatures from Belgium became popular among all ages.
A feature movie called The Smurfs was released in 2011. The Smurfs 2 was a sequel released July 31, 2013.
Description
The smurfs are very small. In cartoons in which they appear with humans, they are small enough to stand on a human hand.
Most Smurfs are male. There are only 3 females in the village: Smurfette, Sassette Smurfling, and Nanny Smurf.
Most Smurfs wear white pants and white Phrygian caps. Papa Smurf, Grandpa Smurf, and some of the Smurflings dress differently. Grandpa Smurf wears yellow clothes and Papa Smurf wears red clothes. The Smurflings are Sassette, Snappy, Slouchy, and Nat. Sassette and Nat do not dress like the other Smurfs at all, while Slouchy and Nat do dress like the others. In some comics, the Smurfs dress differently in color or clothing.
Smurfs live in mushroom-shaped houses in a village in a forest.
Electoral districts of Victoria
There are currently 88 electoral districts in the Victorian Legislative Assembly.
2021 redistricting
Due to the redistricting process that takes place every eight years, there were nine seats that were abolished and nine new seats.
Muhammad ibn Ibrahim Al ash-Sheikh
Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Abd al-Latif ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Hassan ibn Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab Al ash-Sheikh Al Tamimi (1893-1989) was an Islamic scholar and former Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia. He served as Grand Mufti from 1953 until his death in 1989. He was considered a respected scholar during the reigns of three successive kings of Saudi Arabia.
Gregg Gillis
Awards
In 2007, Gillis was the winner of Wired Magazine's Rave Award.
Smoked fish
Smoked fish are fish that have been cured by smoking.
The most common types of smoked fish in the US are salmon, mackerel, whitefish and trout. A common name for cold-smoked salmon is lox.
Exhibitionism
Exhibitionism is behavior done to attract attention. In everyday life, extraverts may be exhibitionists.
Die beste Show der Welt
Die beste Show der Welt (English:"The best show of the world") is the name of a German television show, which was first broadcast on April 30, 2016 on the private channel ProSieben. In the program, presenters Joachim Winterscheidt and Klaas Heufer-Umlauf present three independent show concepts. The studio audience decides that after all six shows have been presented, which show wins the title of the "best show in the world" or the "worst show in the world". It is agreed with voting devices that every spectator in the audience has since the beginning of the show. These "remote controls" can also be used for the interactive design of the show. The moderator is Jeannine Michaelsen. In the third and fourth edition, Oliver Kalkofe commented on the events and judged the respective shows.
Exhibitionism
As a mental disorder exhibitionism is pleasure a person feels by showing their genitals to strangers to shock or frighten them.
Die beste Show der Welt
The program is produced by Florida TV and was awarded the German Television Prize in 2017.
Show concept
Joko Winterscheidt and Klaas Heufer-Umlauf present three (up to four four) shows each with a length of about 20 to 30 minutes. The presented shows are partly new show ideas, but are also based on existing TV show formats, which are slightly modified and parodied. At the same time, the two of them may force each other to participate in a show once per appointment ("Joker").
Ogaden
Ogaden is one of the three names for the largest region of Ethiopia. It is named after the Ogaden tribe. The area is also called the Somali Region. The Ogaden tribe shares borders with Dir to the northwest, Isaaq to the north, reer Darawiish to the northeast, Oromo to the west and Rahanweyn to the south.
Die beste Show der Welt
Show concept
In the first four episodes, the studio audience with voting devices determined the audience for the show shown, which was the TV viewer at home live as a graphic superimposed. This graphic has been removed with Issue 5 of December 2, 2017. Each of the 600 people in the studio could switch on or off during the show, as if sitting at home in front of the TV, using their voting device, which acts like a remote control. Over the entire running time of the show could be switched on or off as often as you like. The course of the ratings was therefore close to how good or bad the show arrived at the studio audience. This was only visible to the television viewer at home, not for the studio audience. Until the second installment of the program, a "cloud of light" consisting of white spheres fixed above the studio and illuminated with lasers was installed in the studio, which had visualized the audience rating by their brightness. The more spectators from the studio audience turned on, the brighter the cloud of light became. Since the third edition, these are no longer available. At the end of a show, their average ratings are calculated and announced. It wins the show, which could reach the highest ratings. Should the audience rate drop below 25% during a show, it will enter a "red area" (colored red on the graphic). This is now also audiovisually signaled in the studio (light turns red and the picture on the video wall in the background falls apart). If the ratings stay below 25% for more than one minute, the show must be canceled and considered "canceled". The generated up to that point in the audience is forfeited.
Since the fifth episode no quota is generated during the show. Instead, viewers in the audience at the end of the show choose the show they like best from all six concepts presented. It also "The worst show in the world" is determined.
Joko or Klaas win a trophy for the "Best Show in the World", the German Television Award in an oversized version (referred to in the show as the "German Television Prize in XXL") as a parody of the real German Television Award.
Exhibitionism
Less severe forms of exhibitionism are streaking, mooning, and flashing.
Stetson, Maine
Stetson is a town in Penobscot County, Maine, United States.
Pope Pius III
Pope Pius III (Pius Tertius; 29 May 1439 – 18 October 1503), born Franchesco Todeschini and also known as Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 216th Pope from 22 September to 18 October 1503.
Early life
Francesco Todeschini was born in Siena. He was the nephew of Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini, who would become Pope Pius II. He was allowed by uncle to take his mother's maiden name of Piccolomini. His studies in law at the University of Perugia led to a doctorate degree.
Satsuma, Alabama
Satsuma is a city in Mobile County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 5,687. It is a part of the Mobile metropolitan statistical area.
Pope Pius III
Bishop
In 1460, Pius II appointed Todeschini to be Bishop of Siena.
Veazie, Maine
Veazie is a town in Penobscot County, Maine, United States.
Pope Pius III
Cardinal
Todeschini was named Cardinal of St. Eustachio in 1460. He was sent on diplomatic missions by Pope Paul II, Pope Sixtus IV and Pope Alexander VI.
Smoked fish
In the Netherlands, commonly available varieties include both hot- and cold-smoked mackerel, herring and Baltic sprats. Hot-smoked eel is a specialty in the Northern provinces.
Robert Saladrigas
Saladrigas died in Barcelona on 22 October 2018 from prostate cancer at the age of 78.
Jan Hooks
Janice "Jan" Hooks (April 23, 1957 – October 9, 2014) was an American actress and comedian. She was best known for her work on NBC's Saturday Night Live (SNL). She starred in SNL from 1986 to 1991. She was also known for her roles in Designing Women, 3rd Rock From the Sun, The Simpsons, and in Batman Returns.
Smoked fish
Smoked fish is an important item in Russian cuisine, Jewish cuisine, and Scandinavian cuisine, as well as several Eastern and Central European cuisines.
Jan Hooks
Hooks died on October 9, 2014 in Woodstock, New York from non-chemo reactive throat cancer, aged 57.
Smoked fish
English, Scottish and Canadian cuisine have a strongly brined, smoked herring that used to be known as "red herring". Now it is called kippers.
Pope Pius III
Pope
Cardinal Piccolomini was elected pope on September 22, 1503, His choice of name honors his uncle Pius II.
This pope's reign lasted less than a month.
Plectrohyla guatemalensis
The adult male frog is 40.0 to 52.1 mm long from nose to rear end, and the adult female frog is 42.1 to 54.1 mm long. The male frog has thicker front legs than the female frog. This frog has dark green skin. Some of them have red spots. It can be tan or gray near the rear end. Its belly is white.
During the day, this frog sits on rocks or plants near streams. The female frog lays eggs at the bottoms of streams or on roots.
There are fewer of these frogs than there used to be because human beings build things where the frog likes to live. Scientists say it is possible that the fungal disease chytridiomycosis also kills this frog.
The Marriage of Figaro
Le nozze di Figaro, ossia la folle giornata (The Marriage of Figaro, or The Day of Madness) is an opera buffa with music by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and an Italian libretto by Lorenzo Da Ponte. The opera premiered at the Burgtheater, Vienna on 1 May 1786. It was well received and nearly every scene received an encore, which made the performance so long that the Emperor did not like this and wanted it to stop.
The opera is based on the 1784 French play, La folle journée, ou le Mariage de Figaro'' by Pierre Beaumarchais. The play was very controversial in its day (and even banned briefly in France), but the play's questionable material was removed and Da Ponte's libretto passed the Viennese censors.
Story
Almaviva has long lusted after Susanna. He plans to revive an old aristocratic right permitting a nobleman to deflower a peasant on her wedding night. Figaro is furious.
With Susanna and his friends, he thwarts the Count's intentions. Almaviva is forced to beg his wife's forgiveness.
Abdul Qayyum Khan
Sahibzada Sir Abdul Qayyum Khan (1863 – December 1937) was a distinguished Pashtun educationist and politician of British India. He is best known for establishing the famous Islamia College, Peshawar, along the lines of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan's policy of educating Muslims. He also briefly remained Chief Minister of the NWFP province during 1936-1937.
Suuresadama
Suuresadama is a village in Pühalepa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia.
Blacula
Blacula is a 1972 American blaxploitation fantasy horror movie directed by William Crain and starring William Marshall, Denise Nicholas, Vonetta McGee, Gordon Pinsent, Thalmus Rasulala, Ketty Lester, The Hues Corporation. It was followed by the sequel Scream Blacula Scream in 1973.
Woodville, Maine
Woodville is a town in Penobscot County, Maine, United States.
Glasgow, Montana
Glasgow is a city in Montana in the United States. It is the county seat of Valley County. About 3,250 people lived there in 2010.
Glasgow was founded in 1887 as a railroad town. Both Amtrak and the National Weather Service have facilities in Glasgow that link the city to the surrounding region. Nearby Fort Peck Dam provides tourist business.
Michelle Benson
Michelle Benson (born September 11, 1968, western Minnesota) is an American accountant and politician. She is a member of the Republican Party. She is a member of the Minnesota Senate for District 31. The district includes sections of Sherburne, Isanti and Anoka counties near the northern Twin Cities regional area.
Minnesota Senate
During 2010, Benson went against incumbent Debbie Johnson for the Republican nomination. She won the nomination and later the election. Benson co-authored a bill that allowed businesses and individuals to discriminate against same-sex couples. She voted against legislation that would have increased penalties for hate crimes.
A∴A∴
The A∴A∴ (Latin: Argenteum Astrum or Greek: Άστρον Αργόν, "Astron Argon", both literally; "Silver star", alternately, Latin: Arcanum Arcanorum, is a magical order created by Aleister Crowley in 1907 after leaving the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. It is a Thelemic magical fraternity in which the holy book of the order is The Book of the Law. Its motto is: "The method of science, the aim of religion." While the A∴A∴ was not part of Ordo Templi Orientis, the O.T.O. did consider the A∴A∴ to be a close ally.
Various lineages of the A∴A∴ survive today that can be traced back to the founders Aleister Crowley and George Cecil Jones.
Abbot, Maine
Abbot is a town in Piscataquis County, Maine, United States.
Halifax (bank)
History
The Halifax started in 1853 as the Halifax Permanent Benefit Building and Investment Society at the Old Cock Inn in Halifax, West Yorkshire. The building society was created to allow working-class people in Halifax to invest their money in a local and 'mutual' organisation.
In 1928 it merged with the Halifax Equitable Building Society and changed its name to the Halifax Building Society. In 1973 the Halifax built its headquarters on Trinity Road in Halifax. By the 1990s the Halifax was the largest building society in Britain; once the Halifax became a bank the largest building society was (and still is) the Nationwide.
In 1995 the Halifax merged with the Leeds Permanent Building Society, this new larger building society then bought out Clerical Medical Find Managers.
In 1997 the Halifax became a bank and registered with the London Stock Exchange.
By 1997 the Halifax was the fifth largest bank in the United Kingdom and had joined the 'big four' to make it a 'big five'.
The Halifax continued to grow and in 1999 the Halifax bought out the Birmingham Midshires Building Society and Comparetheloan. In 1999 the Halifax set up '''Intelligent Finance', which was a telephone based bank.
In 2001 the Halifax merged with the Bank of Scotland and formed Halifax Bank of Scotland (HBOS). Both brands were kept although some Halifax branches in Scotland became 'Bank of Scotland' and Bank of Scotland branches in Ireland became 'Halifax' branches. This was done because the Bank of Scotland was much larger in Scotland than the Halifax, while Halifax was much larger in Ireland than the Bank of Scotland and had spent a lot of money advertising of Irish television.
In January 2009 HBOS was acquired by Lloyds TSB which subsequently became Lloyds Banking Group. The Halifax is now just a brand name used by this group.
Scottsboro, Alabama
Scottsboro is a city in Jackson County, Alabama, United States, and is included in the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area. As of the 2000 census, the population of the city is 14,762. Named for its founder Robert Scott, the city is the county seat of Jackson County.
Halifax (bank)
Offices
The bank has its main offices in Halifax town centre. It also has other major offices in Copley (near Halifax) and Leeds The Leeds offices used to belong to the Leeds Permanent Building Society. There are also offices in Aylesbury, Nottingham and Buckinghamshire.
Now that the Halifax is part of Lloyds Banking Group there are also many former Lloyds, Bank of Scotland and TSB offices. Some services have been centralised, leading to job losses at some offices.
It was announced on June 30th 2010 that the Nottingham office is to close at the end of 2011. It has been confirmed by banking officials from Lloyds that a total of 198 jobs will be lost as a result.
Branches
The Halifax has branches all over the United Kingdom and also has 44 in Ireland (although these are to close). Many Halifax branches used to belong to the Leeds Permanent Building Society, which was taken-over by the Halifax in 1995.
Coat of arms of Argentina
The coat of arms of Argentina was used in its current form in 1944. It started in the seal of the General Constituent Assembly of 1813.
It is not known who made the coat of arms. At the top is the gold-yellowed Sun of May, also found on the flag of Argentina. The rising sun is for the rising of Argentina. In the center, there are two shaking hands. This is for the unity of the Provinces of Argentina. The hands come together to hold a pike. This shows power and willingness to defend freedom. The Phrygian cap is on the top of the spear.
The blue and white colors are for the Argentine people. They are the same colors of the Argentine flag. The blue half is for the sky and the white is for the Río de la Plata.
Katerine Savard
Katerine Savard is a swimmer from Canada. Savard competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics, 2016 Summer Olympics, and the 2020 Summer Olympics. She was born on 26 May 1993.
Winn, Maine
Winn is a town in Penobscot County, Maine, United States.
Kosei Shibasaki
Kosei Shibasaki (born 28 August 1984) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Tokyo Verdy.
Club career statistics
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Patty Smyth
Patty Smyth (born June 26, 1957 in New York City) is an American rock and roll singer. She first had success as lead singer of the group Scandal. Her solo hit songs include Sometimes Love Just Ain't Enough.
Machalilla National Park
Machalilla National Park is an Ecuadorian  park. It is located in  the Pacific West coast of Ecuador in South America. It is in the province of Manabí. Machalilla National Park was declared by Minister of Environment  of Ecuador  as a  park  and natural preserve area on July 26, 1979. It was officially registered on November 20 of the same year. In 1990 the Ramsar Convention on Westlands named as a Ramsar site, which is a place where animals come to breed. The land part  is 56.184 hectares and the water part is 14.430 nautical miles.
Geography
Machalilla National Park is located at  the Pacific West coast of Ecuador in South America. It is in the province of Manabí at the river banks of the Ayampe River. Nearest towns are Puerto Lopez and Pajan.
Machalilla National Park  has three areas: the north sector, the south area and Isla de la Plata. The north sector covers  Puerto Cayo area, 3 km parallel to the coast. The south sector covers Puerto Lopez and Island Salango, and the third  area is The Isla de la Plata. It  is 40 km offshore from Ecuador continental.
Rivers
There are 7 rivers that cross the Machalilla National Park  territory the Jipijapa, Salitre, Seco, Punteros, Buena Vista, Piñas, and Ayampe.
Weather
The weather is tropical to subtropical. It has a very dry climate and there is rarely any rainfall. It rains an average of 161 mm to 1,120 mm per year. The temperature varies from 23 °C to 25 °C and remains the same year round.
Plants
The plans that grow in this area are; dry coast shrubland, some ferns, cactus (opuntia) ,palo santo trees, kapok trees and algarrobo trees.
Fauna
The diversity within Machalilla National Park includes; sea turtles, fishes, part of the coral reefs ecosystem, dolphins, stingrays and sea lions at “Isla de la Plata”. Humpback whales visit the coast of Manabi to breed; from June to September. There are quite rare animals on the Ecuadorian coast as the panthera onca,  monkeys: alouatta palliata,  capuchins,  leopardus spp. There are also variety of birds: little wood star, colibri, albatrosses, frigates, blue-footed boobies.
Isla de la Plata “ Silver Island”
The Silver Island is 40 km offshore, It is part of Machalilla National Park and part of the Manabi Province. This natural reserve is home of many animals some of which migrate from Galapagos Islands, it includes blue-footed boodies, albatrasses, frigate birds, seals, iguanas, dolphins, stingrays and reef fishes. This small island  is uninhabited, the control and conservation for the Island  is promoted by Ecuador’s Minister of Environment and OGN Fundacion Natura.
Agua Blanca
This is a forest preserved area in Machalilla National Park,  There are an interesting  bird wildlife, a sulfur water  lagoon and a museum. It is 22 kilometers from Puerto Lopez, a small fishing town. Local people help inside the area.
Tourism
The Machalilla National Park provides the visitors a good selection of services that include tourist information, hotel guide, maps and attraction. The major attraction at the  park is to visit Isla de la Plata due to many migrant animals from Galapagos Islands. There are albatrosses, frigatebirds and blue-footed boodies some seals. This is the only place where people can appreciate those charming birds.
The activities in the Machalilla National Park year along the: scuba diving, snorkeling, scenic views, eco walking trails, whale watching. The best Place in the Ecuadorian coast for diving is the Silver Island due to the coral reef that surrounds  it. “From June to September,” Manabi is visited for  arctic  humpback whales, every year they come to breed. In Agua Blanca community there are a sulfur lagoon where visitors like to cover themselves in sulfurous mud from the bottom of the lagoon. Visit the Agua Clara museum and Salango museum.
Beaches
Machalilla National Park has many  beautiful beaches to enjoy that are calm and a little deep. Los Frailes is the most visited beach, and  Salango beach is an   island is surrounded by coral reef. Respect the facilities of the beaches; Playa Negra beach and Tortuguita bay are pure nature. you can visit them respecting the rules of conservation.
Valeriy Zuyev
Valeriy Zuyev (November 5, 1952 – 6 May 2016) was a retired Soviet-born Ukrainian football player and coach. He was born in Kiev. Zuyev played his only game for USSR in 1975 in a UEFA Euro 1976 qualifier against Turkey.
Zuyev died after long illness in Kiev on 6 May 2016, aged 63.
Walker Stapleton
Walker Stapleton (born April 15, 1974) is an American Republican politician. He is the State Treasurer of Colorado, having taken office on January 11, 2011.
Stapleton is a Bush family relative. He graduated from Williams College and received a M.A. from London School of Economics. He earned his M.B.A. from Harvard Business School.
In September 2017, Stapleton announced his candidacy for Governor of Colorado. He lost the election to Jared Polis in the general election in November 2018.
Cliff-dwelling
Cliff-dwllings are dwellings found by archaeologists formed by caves in high cliffs. They have been found in countries such as the United States, India, China, and Mexico.
Some dwellings are still used today in the United States by Native Americans in Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, and Colorado. They are also used in Chihuahua, Mexico.
Nõmba
Nõmba is a village in Pühalepa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia. It is in the middle of a forest. Many of the old buildings have thatched roofs, which have been restored. There used to be seven windmills in the village in the early 1900s, but these have all been pulled down.
Street Fighter (1994 movie)
Street Fighter is an American 1994 action movie written and directed by Steven E. de Souza, it is based on the video game series of the same name published by Capcom. Distributed by Universal Pictures in the United States and internationally by Columbia Pictures.
Liliane Montevecchi
Liliane Montevecchi (October 13, 1932 – June 29, 2018) was a French-Italian actress, dancer, and singer. She was born in Paris. In 1982 she drew the attention of critics and audiences for her performance in Nine, with Raúl Juliá, for which she won both the Tony and Drama Desk Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical.
Paris Jackson
Paris-Michael Katherine Jackson (born April 3, 1998) is an American model and actress. Jackson is the second and only daughter of Michael Jackson and Debbie Rowe.
Early Life
Paris was born at Spalding Pain Clinic in Beverly Hills, California, She is the second child and only daughter of Michael Jackson and Debbie Rowe, She had one brother is Prince Jackson and one half brother is Blanket Jackson.
Nizhnekamsk
Nizhnekamsk (Нижнекамск; Түбән Кама) is a city in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. It is to the south of the Kama River between the cities of Naberezhnye Chelny and Chistopol. Population:
Marbled polecat
The marbled polecat (Vormela peregusna) is a small mammal in the Mustelinae subfamily.
Nizhnekamsk
History
It was founded in 1961 as the work settlement of Nizhnekamsk (Нижнекамск). Its population increased because of the construction of Nizhnekamskneftekhim petrochemical industrial complex. Nizhnekamsk was granted city status in 1966.
Marbled polecat
The marbled polecat is found in grasslands from southeast Europe to Asia. It is found in Russia, China, Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, north-western Pakistan, northern India, Mongolia and Kazakhstan. Like other mustelines, if threatened it puts out a disgusting strong-smelling secretion from anal sacs under its tail.
Jenny Agutter
Jennifer Ann Agutter (born 20 December 1952) is a British actress. She was born in Taunton, Somerset. She starred in The Railway Children, Walkabout, Logan's Run and ''An American Werewolf in London.
Nizhnekamsk
Economy
The city is an important center of the petrochemical industry (Nizhnekamskneftekhim plant). It has the Begishevo Airport.
Sports
HC Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk is an ice hockey team based in Nizhnekamsk. It plays in the Kontinental Hockey League.
References
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Simpson's paradox
Simpson's paradox is a paradox from statistics. It is named after Edward H. Simpson, a British statistician who first described it in 1951. The statistician Karl Pearson described a very similar effect in 1899. - Udny Yule's description dates from 1903. Sometimes, it is called the Yule–Simpson effect. When looking at the statistical scores of groups, these scores may change, depending on whether the groups are looked at one by one, or if they are combined into a larger group. This case often occurs in social sciences and medical statistics. It may confuse people, if frequency data is used to explain a causal relationship. Other names for the paradox include  reversal paradox and amalgamation paradox.
Example: Kidney stone treatment
This is a real-life example from a medical study comparing the success rates of two treatments for kidney stones.
The table shows the success rates and numbers of treatments for treatments involving both small and large kidney stones, where Treatment A includes all open procedures and Treatment B is percutaneous nephrolithotomy:
The paradoxical conclusion is that treatment A is more effective when used on small stones, and also when used on large stones, yet treatment B is more effective when considering both sizes at the same time. In this example, it was not known that the size of the kidney stone influenced the result. This is called a hidden variable (or lurking variable) in statistics.