cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Federal Communications Commission
Commissioners
The FCC has five commissioners who are appointed by the President of the United States. Their 5-year appointment is confirmed by the Senate. One commissioner is selected to serve as chairperson by the president. The rules state that only three of the five may be from the same political party. No commissioner may have any financial interest in any business regulated by the FCC.
Bureaus
The FCC is organized into bureaus.
Bill Lipinski
William Oliver Lipinski (born December 22, 1937) is an American politician. He was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from 1983 to 2005, representing a district in Chicago.
His son is Dan Lipinski, the congressman who replaced him in 2005.
Jona
Jona may refer to:
Washington State Department of Transportation
The Washington State Department of Transportation (sometimes called WSDOT) is the part of the government of Washington about roads, railroads, ferries, airports, and other ways to get around. It was made in 1905 as Washington Department of Highways.
Pima County, Arizona
Pima County is one of the 15 counties in the US state of Arizona.
The county seat is Tucson which has the second most people in the state.
HAMLET (protein complex)
HAMLET (from Human Alpha-lactalbumin Made LEthal to Thumor cells) is a complex between alpha-lactoalbumin and oleic acid that has been shown to be effective to induce apoptosis in tumor cells.
HAMLET is a potential chemotherapeutic agent.
History
In 1995, Håkansson found an isolated compound in a fraction of human milk that induced what appeared to be apoptosis in human lung carcinoma, pneumococcal bacteria and other pathogens, leaving healthy cells unaffected. It was the perfect cure in that case. The Vice President of the American Cancer Society traveled to Sweden and awarded them a grant to continue researching cancer. The company HAMLET Pharma was created to explore the compound.
The active component responsible for the tumoricidal activity, a complex of alpha-lactoalbumin and oleic acid, was found in 2000.
Composition
Endogenous human alpha-lactoalbumin serves as a cofactor in lactose synthesis, but has no tumoricidal properties. Alpha-lactoalbumin must be partially deployed to allow the release of the calcium ion and its replacement by an oleic acid molecule. Partially folded conformation is essential for HAMLET cytotoxicity. Oleic acid is needed to stabilize this molecule in the partially unfolded state. In recent years, HAMLET's structure, function and clinical applications are under investigation.
Mechanism of action
HAMLET performs attacks on many different cell organelles, including mitochondria, proteasomes, and histones, and interferes with cellular processes such as macroautophagy. HAMLET has been shown to bind to the cell surface and rapidly invade cells, and tumor cells absorb much more protein than healthy, differentiated cells.
One of HAMLET's most prominent targets once inside the cell is mitochondria. Electron microscopy revealed physical damage to mitochondrial membranes.
Another target of HAMLET is the proteasome. 26S are activated in response to large amounts of HAMLET protein deployed in the cytoplasm, but degradation of HAMLET by the proteasome is unusually slow. However, proteasome inhibition alone does not appear to be responsible for HAMLET-induced cell death, as proteasome inhibitors have been shown to reduce HAMLET cytotoxicity.
HAMLET also targets the nucleus, where it interacts with histones to interfere with transcription processes.
HAMLET cells have shown the physiological characteristics of macroautophagy, a process in which cellular components are sequestered into double-membrane-bound vesicles that fuse with lysosomes for degradation. HAMLET and cells under amino acid starvation conditions (an initiator of macroautophagy) showed similar expression patterns of autophagocytotic proteins and responded equally well to the addition of inhibitors of macroautophagy.
Antibiotic adjuvant
Although HAMLET alone is not active against most bacteria, when it is present along with antibiotics, HAMLET can help. Specifically, HAMLET can cause MRSA bacteria to be sensitive to methicillin, vancomycin, gentamicin, and erythromycin.
Tumors
Research is underway to determine if this could be a possible treatment for cancer. Animal models of glioblastoma have been successfully studied. The first human trial of the therapy was on benign skin growths (warts) and showed positive results with no side effects.
It is being studied in carcinomas of the lung, throat, kidney, colon, bladder, prostate, and ovaries, as well as in melanomas, glioblastomas, and leukemias. A study of bladder cancer in a mouse found that it caused the elimination of TUNEL-positive cancer cells in the urine, with no adverse side effects on healthy cells.
Audiovisuals
HAMLET Pharma has also made various audiovisuals such as  'This is HAMLET' .
References
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César and Rosalie
César and Rosalie (César et Rosalie) is a 1972 French romance movie directed by Claude Sautet and starring Romy Schneider, Yves Montand, Sami Frey, Bernard Le Coq, Eva Maria Meineke, Isabelle Huppert, Gisela Hahn.
Mike Tyson
Michael Gerard Tyson (June 30, 1966) is an American retired boxer. In 1986, he had his 28th professional match (or fight) as a professional boxer; Because he won that fight also, the World Boxing Council (WBC) gave him the title "World Champion".
Mike Tyson became a professional boxer in 1985 and won a heavyweight title from Trevor Berbick in 1986. He was the youngest man to win a heavyweight title belt. He became recognized as the undisputed champion when he beat Tony Tuker in 1987. His 91-second obliteration of Michael Spinks in 1988 was the zenith of his boxing fame and ability. He lost his title to Buster Douglas in 1990. Tyson won his first 19 professional bouts by knockout, 12 of them in the first round.
Against
Against can mean:
Mike Tyson
In 1992, he was convicted of the rape of Desiree Washington, and served three years in prison. When he was released he started boxing again and won a few heavyweight titles. His first fight after jail was against Peter McNeeley which he won almost with ease. Evander Holyfield was the first fighter to beat him in his return. Tyson also fought Lennox Lewis, who beat him, too. He retired from boxing in 2005.
Tantalum
Tantalum is a chemical element. Tantalum was named tantalium. It has the chemical symbol Ta. It has the atomic number 73. It is a rare metal. It is hard and blue-gray. In chemistry it is placed in a group of metal elements named the transition metals.
Mike Tyson
Mike Tyson refereed one match at WrestleMania 14 and later on wrestled in a tag-team match on WWE Raw where he betrayed his partner, Chris Jericho. For these efforts, he was inducted in the WWE Hall of Fame in 2012. He has his a video game called Mike Tyson's Punch Out! named after him. Inducted to the International boxing hall of fame in 2011.
He converted to Islam and became a Muslim he adopted the name Malik Abdul Aziz; other sources reported this name as Malik Shabazz.
Tantalum
Tantalum does not easily corrode. It is found in the mineral tantalite.
Makati
Makati, officially known as the City of Makati (Makati), in the Philippines, is one of the sixteen cities that make up Metro Manila. Makati is the financial center of the Philippines. As the host of various embassies, it is also an important center for international affairs.
With 529,039 people, Makati is the 16th-largest city in the country and ranked as the 41st most densely populated city in the world with 19,336 inhabitants per square kilometer.
Makati became the financial center of the Philippines during the 1960s. It is home to the Philippine Stock Exchange and the Makati Business Club.
Makati is notable for its exceptionally multicultural lifestyle, as a significant center for intercontinental matters and for its reputation as a major entertainment center in the metropolis. The city is also known for its cosmopolitan culture because of its major shopping centers, condominiums, financial hubs, hotels, and entertainment hubs, which are located around the city.
Makati first became as the financial center of the Philippines during the 1960s. The Philippine Stock Exchange and the Makati Business Club are there.
Barangays
Makati has divided into 33 barangays.
Westland, Michigan
Westland is a city in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, 84,094 people lived here.
37th parallel north
The 37th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 37 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, Africa, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean.
At this latitude, the sun can be seen for 14 hours, 42 minutes during the summer solstice and 9 hours, 37 minutes during the winter solstice. This is about the northern limit of the visibility of Canopus, the second-brightest star of the night sky.
Around the world
Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 37° north passes through:
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United States
In the United States, the parallel is the southern borders of Utah, Colorado, and Kansas, and the northern borders of Arizona, New Mexico, and Oklahoma. The border comes from the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854 when Congress divided Indian Territory into Kansas and Nebraska north of the 37th parallel. They gave the rest to the Indian Territory to the south.
Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the body of water between Asia and Australia in the west, the Americas in the east, the Southern Ocean to the south, and the Arctic Ocean to the north. It is the largest named ocean and it covers one-third of the surface of the entire world. It joins the Atlantic Ocean at a line drawn south from Cape Horn, Chile/Argentina to Antarctica, and joins the Indian Ocean at a line drawn  south from Tasmania, Australia to Antarctica.
As the Atlantic slowly gets wider, the Pacific is slowly shrinking. It does this by folding the sea floor in towards the centre of the Earth - this is called subduction. This bumping and grinding is hard so there are many earthquakes and volcanoes when the pressure builds up and is quickly released as large explosions of hot rocks and dust. When an earthquake happens under the sea, the quick jerk causes a tsunami. This is why tsunamis are more common around the edge of the Pacific than anywhere else. Many of the Earth's volcanoes are either islands in the Pacific, or are on continents within a few hundred kilometers of the ocean's edge. Plate tectonics are another reason which makes Pacific Ocean smaller.
Body-painting
Body-painting (also body painting and bodypainting) is when special colors are applied to a human's skin. The colors used are temporary. Depending on the material used, paintings last between a few hours and a few weeks.
Body-painting can be done for various reasons. Examples are:
Bohr model
In quantum mechanics, a branch of physics, the Bohr model is the model of the atom proposed by Niels Bohr. Bohr's model is useful only when discussing the behavior of a hydrogen atom. Bohr's model is extremely useful in describing the hydrogen emission spectrum.
Energy Levels
The Bohr model says that the angular momentum of an electron within a hydrogen atom can only be integer multiples of a certain number.
Where h is Planck's constant, π is pi, and n is the multiples (1,2,3,...). This formula says that an electron will only be found on the energy levels predicted by the formula, and not anywhere in between. This means that if an electron jumps from one energy level to the next, it will never be in between energy levels, but will instantaneously be transported from one level to the other.
Light
Bohr's model is also useful because it explains the cause of light. Bohr agreed with classical theory that light has a wave-particle duality (meaning that it is made of both electromagnetic waves and particles called photons), but he said that light was given off when an electron in a hydrogen atom jumps from a higher energy level to a lower one. Basically, if an electron with x amount of energy goes to a lower state of energy and loses y energy, then a photon with energy y is emitted by the atom and either becomes light or some other form of radiation.
Magnesium oxide
Magnesium oxide, or magnesia, is a white solid mineral, made of one part magnesium and one part oxygen. Its chemical formula is MgO. Magnesium oxide is used by libraries to make books last longer. It is also used as an insulator for some electrical wires, and to help crucibles resist high temperatures. Magnesium oxide is also used to treat heartburn and upset stomachs.
Flamingo
Flamingos are types of birds. They are noisy birds and they live in big groups called flocks. Flamingos are wading birds. This means they live by water, such as lakes.
They are in the genus Phoenicopterus and family Phoenicopteridae. There are six species of flamingo. Two of species are found in Africa, Europe and Asia. The other four are found in North America and South America.
Flamingos are pink or red. This is because of small bacteria that live in water which the flamingos eat. They also eat small crayfish and algae. Baby flamingos are gray. Flamingos can fly. This is why they have wings. Flamingos are very tall birds and they have long legs. They often stand on only one leg. Scientsts found that they do this beacuse it takes less energy than standing on two legs. Flamingos have a curved bill that is shaped like a banana. This is because they feed in the mud on the bottom of lakes. Flamingos can weigh up to 4 kg and be up to 145cm tall. They live up to around 47 years.
Conservation
Many flamingos that live in Kenya and Tanzania are dying. Scientists do not know why. They think it may be because of bacteria in the water.
Ben Hill
Benjamin Hill (born 5 February 1990) is a cyclist from Australia. Benjamin rode for UCI Continental team.
Hněvkovice
Hněvkovice is a village and municipality in the Havlíčkův Brod District, Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. In 2006, 564 people live in Hněvkovice. The municipality has an area of 15.17 km². It was first mentioned in 1262.
Prime Minister of North Macedonia
The Prime Minister of North Macedonia, officially the President of the Government of the Republic of North Macedonia (Претседател на Владата на Република Северна Македонија; Kryeministri i Republikës së Maqedonisë së Veriut), is the head of government of North Macedonia. The first Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia (now North Macedonia) was Nikola Kljusev from 27 January 1991 to 17 August 1992.
The current Prime Minister of North Macedonia is Dimitar Kovačevski.
Republic of Macedonia / North Macedonia
{{legend|#E6E6AA|Acting Prime Minister|border=black}}
Movie studio
The term movie studio also means a production company because these companies often had - in the 1920s to the 1940s - their own studios in their own buildings. Even though most production companies do not now have their own studios, the term is still used in this way.
Iwate Museum of Art
The Iwate Museum of Art (岩手県立美術館) or IMA is a prefectural art museum in northern Honshu. It is at Morioka in Iwate Prefecture.
The museum's art is created by local artists such as Yorozu Tetsugoro, Matsumoto Shunsuke, and Funakoshi Yasutake.
After the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, all the temporary exhibitions during April 2011- March 2012 were canceled.
History
The museum was opened in 2001.
Polygynandry
Polygynandry is when both males and females have multiple mating partners during a breeding season. In sexually reproducing diploid animals, different mating strategies are employed by males and females, because the cost of gamete production is lower for males than it is for females.
Matter wave
In quantum mechanics, a branch of physics, a matter wave is when you think of matter as a wave. The concept of matter waves was first introduced by Louis de Broglie. Matter waves are hard to visualize, because we are used to thinking of matter as a physical object. De Broglie revolutionized quantum mechanics by producing the equation for matter waves.
Wavelength of Matter
As experiments on light revealed that photons possessed both wavelike and particular properties, they were considered at the time to have a dual nature as both particles and waves. De Broglie showed that matter might exhibit such a 'wave-particle duality' as well. Basing his formula on earlier formulas, he arrived at the equation below.
Sophora koreensis
Korean Necklace-pod (syn. Echisophora koreensis) is an endangered species in Korea. Former classified by Nakai as Sophora koreensis, latter himself transfer to a new monotypic genus Echinosophora
Matter wave
Wavelength of Matter
Where λ is the wavelength of the object, h is Planck's constant, m is the mass of the object, and v is the velocity of the object. An alternate and also correct version of this formula is
Where p is the momentum. (Momentum is equal to mass times velocity). These equations merely say that matter exhibits a particle-like nature in some circumstances, and a wave-like characteristic at other times. Erwin Schrödinger created an advanced equation based on this formula and the Bohr model, known as the Schrödinger equation.
Tom Railsback
Thomas Fisher Railsback (January 22, 1932 – January 20, 2020) was an American Republican politician. He served eight terms in the United States Congress from 1967 to 1983 for Illinois's 19th congressional district in Moline. He was known for being one of the few Republicans to support the impeachment of Richard Nixon.
Railsback died on January 20, 2020, in Mesa, Arizona from a long-illness at the age of 87.
1972–73 Austrian Cup
The 1972-73 Austrian Cup was Austria's nationwide football cup competition. SK Rapid Wien were the defending champions. From the quarter-finals onwards, two legs were played.
First round
First round with teams from the Second League.
Round of 32
First round with teams from the first league.
Quarter-finals
*First leg
*Second leg
Semi-finals
*First leg
*Second leg
Final first leg
SSW Innsbruck:
Friedrich Koncilia – Werner Kriess, Engelbert Kordesch, Johann Eigenstiller, Walter Skocik, Kurt Jara, Roland Hattenberger, Manfred Gombasch, Ove Flindt-Bjerg (42. Günther Rinker), Wolfgang Breuer, Hans Rebele coach:Robert Gebhardt
SK Rapid Wien: Adolf Antrich – Günter Scheffl, Norbert Hof, Erich Fak, Peter Werner, Werner Walzer, Karl Ritter, Bernd Lorenz, Hans Krankl, Herbert Gronen, Geza Gallos coach: Ernst Hložek
Final second leg
SK Rapid Wien: Adolf Antrich – Günter Scheffl (46. Egon Pajenk), Norbert Hof, Erich Fak, Peter Werner, Werner Walzer, Karl Ritter, Bernd Lorenz, Hans Krankl, Herbert Gronen (70. Stanislaus Kastner), Geza Gallos coach: Ernst Hložek
SSW Innsbruck:
Friedrich Koncilia – Werner Kriess (81. Günther Rinker), Engelbert Kordesch, Johann Eigenstiller, Walter Skocik, Kurt Jara, Roland Hattenberger, Manfred Gombasch, Ove Flindt-Bjerg, Wolfgang Breuer, Hans Rebele coach:Robert Gebhardt
Adolf Antrich – Ewald Ullmann, Günter Scheffl (105. Karl Müller), Egon Pajenk, Norbert Hof, Werner Walzer, Alois Jagodic, Rudolf Flögel, Bernd Lorenz, Clemens Kos (6. Jürgen Ey), Stanislaus Kastner coach Ernst Hložek
Gerald Fuchsbichler – Anton Auer, Helmut Wallner, Stefan Vasgyura, Roland Gareis, Anton Wustinger, Herbert Onger (96. Ferdinand Janotka), Anton Herzog, Günther Happich, Günther Rinker, Johann Hörmayer coach: Josef Argauer
Kit Carson
Christopher Houston "Kit" Carson, (December 24, 1809 – May 23, 1868) was an American frontiersman, a career that involved four chief occupations: mountain man, guide, Indian agent, and officer in the US Army. He helped to open the American West to settlement. In his day, he was a celebrity known far and wide in the United States. In modern America, he is still remembered as a folk hero, but he has been criticized for killing Native Americans.
In 1842, US Army Officer John Charles Frémont hired Carson to guide him on three separate expeditions into the West. All three expeditions involved mapping and describing remote and uncharted areas of the West. The expeditions were hugely successful. Frémont's reports to the government made Carson a frontier hero and were read by many Americans. Carson became a celebrity throughout the country. His adventures were turned into stories that were published in paper-covered books, called dime novels. The cheap popular books made him more famous than ever.
In 1853, Carson became an Indian agent in northern New Mexico. His job was to keep the Utes and the Apaches at peace. He saw to it that they were treated with honesty and fairness and that they got the food and clothing that they needed. In 1861, the American Civil War broke out. Carson resigned his position as Indian agent, and joined the Union Army. As a lieutenant, he led the New Mexico Volunteer Infantry. His forces fought Confederates at Valverde, New Mexico. The Confederates won the battle, but were later defeated. Most of Carson's time in the army was passed training recruits.
Personal description
Carson was described by his contemporaries as a "small, stooped-shoulder" man with brown to red hair, blue eyes, and a strong but spare frame. He was said to be about 5 foot 7 inches. He was a modest gentleman. Most of his contemporaries were astonished that such a slight inconspicuous man had accomplished so much among the Native Americans and wild animals on the western frontier.
General William Tecumseh Sherman
In 1847, General William Tecumseh Sherman met Kit Carson in Monterey, California. Sherman wrote: "His fame was then at its height,... and I was very anxious to see a man who had achieved such feats of daring among the wild animals of the Rocky Mountains, and still wilder Indians of the plains.... I cannot express my surprise at beholding such a small, stoop-shouldered man, with reddish hair, freckled face, soft blue eyes, and nothing to indicate extraordinary courage of daring. He spoke but little and answered questions in monosyllables."
Colonel Edward W. Wynkoop
Colonel Edward W. Wynkoop wrote: "Kit Carson was five feet five and one half-inches tall, weighed about 140 pounds, of nervy, iron temperament, squarely built, slightly bow-legged, and those members apparently too short for his body. But, his head and face made up for all the imperfections of the rest of his person. His head was large and well-shaped with yellow straight hair, worn long, falling on his shoulders. His face was fair and smooth as a woman's with high cheekbones, straight nose, a mouth with a firm, but somewhat sad expression, a keen, deep-set but beautiful, mild blue eye, which could become terrible under some circumstances, and like the warning of the rattlesnake, gave notice of attack. Though quick-sighted, he was slow and soft of speech, and posed great natural modesty."
Lieutenant George Douglas Brewerton
Lieutenant George Douglas Brewerton made a coast-to-coast dispatch-carrying trip to Washington, DC, with Carson. Brewerton wrote: "The Kit Carson of my imagination was over six feet high — a sort of modern Hercules in his build — with an enormous beard, and a voice like a roused lion.... The real Kit Carson I found to be a plain, simple... man; rather below the medium height, with brown, curling hair, little or no beard, and a voice as soft and gentle as a woman's. In fact, the hero of a hundred desperate encounters, whose life had been mostly spent amid wilderness, where the white man is almost unknown, was one of Dame Nature's gentleman...."
Illiteracy
Carson was illiterate. He was embarrassed by not being able to read and write and so tried to hide it. He was impressed by gentlemen who could read and write, however. In 1856, he told his life story to an army officer, who wrote it down. Carson told the officer that he had left school at an early age: "I was a young boy in the school house when the cry came, Injuns! I jumped to my rifle and threw down my spelling book, and thar it lies."
Carson enjoyed having other people read to him. He liked the poetry of Lord Byron. Carson thought Sir Walter Scott's long poem The Lady of the Lake was "the finest expression of outdoor life." He also liked a book about William the Conqueror, whose favorite oath was "By the splendor of God." Carson used that ath as his own and was known to have Nevers used anything stronger.
Carson learned to write "C. Carson" late in life, but it was very difficult for him. He made his mark on official papers, and the mark was then witnessed by a clerk. Carson easily spoke English, Spanish, and French. He could speak many Native American languages, including Navajo, Apache, and Comanche. He also knew the sign language that was used by mountain men. Very late in life, he learned to read to a certain extent and to recognize his name when it appeared in print.
Early life
Carson was born in Kentucky, but his family moved to Missouri when he was a baby. In Missouri, the family was in danger from Native American attacks and had to find ways to protect themselves. After his father's death in 1818, Kit's mother remarried. The boy became a wild teenager. His stepfather put him to work in a saddle-making shop in Franklin, Missouri.
Kentucky
Lindsay Carson had a Scots-Irish Presbyterian background. He was a farmer, a cabin builder, and a veteran of the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. He also fought Native Americans on the frontier. Two fingers on his left hand were shot away in a battle with the Sauk and Fox tribes.
Defenses from attacks
The Carson family was always in danger of Native American attacks in Missouri and so had to be alert. Cabins were "forted:" they had tall fences built around them, called stockades, to make the people inside Them safe from attack. During the day, men worked in the fields near the cabins. Some men had weapons to protect the workers and were ready to kill any Native American who attacked. Carson wrote in his Memoirs: "For two or three years after our arrival, we had to remain forted and it was necessary to have men stationed at the extremities of the fields for the protection of those that were laboring."
Death of Lindsay Carson
One day in 1818, Lindsay Carson was clearing a field when a tree limb fell on him. He was killed instantly when Kit was about eight years old. His mother took care of her children alone for four years. They lived in great poverty. She then married Joseph Martin, a widower with several children.
Runaway
Carson did not like making saddles and ran away from home in 1826. He traveled over the Santa Fe Trail with mountain men. In 1829, he joined with trapper Ewing Young on a trek to the Rocky Mountains. He learned much from Young about trapping.
Turned mountain man
Franklin, Missouri, was at the eastern end of the Santa Fe Trail and was a starting point for many settlers heading west. Carson heard wonderful stories about the West from the mountain men returning to the East. In August 1826, he ran away from home, and went West with the mountain men. They traveled over the Santa Fe Trail to Santa Fe, New Mexico, and reached their destination in November 1826. Kit passed the winter in Taos, New Mexico, with Mathew Kinkead, a mountain man and a neighbor from Missouri. Taos would become Carson's home.
Intercourse, Pennsylvania
Intercourse (population: 1,274 as of 2010 census) is an unincorporated village and census-designated place in Leacock Township, Lancaster County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.
Lexus
Lexus is a luxury car line produced by the Toyota company. Its worldwide motto is "The Pursuit of Perfection  slogan in the United States is "The Passionate Pursuit of Perfection"''.
Kit Carson
Workman posts a reward
Workman put an advertisement in a local newspaper back in Missouri. He wrote that he would give a one cent reward to anyone who brought the boy back to Franklin. No one claimed the reward. It was a bit of a joke, but Carson was free. The advertisement featured the first printed description of Carson: "Christopher Carson, a boy about 16 years old, small of his age, but thick set; light hair, ran away from the subscriber, living in Franklin, Howard county, Missouri, to whom he had been bound to learn the saddler's trade."
Lexus
Vehicles
Lexus UX, subcompact luxury crossover
Kit Carson
Workman posts a reward
Between 1827 and 1829, Carson worked as cook, translator, and wagon driver in the Southwest. He also worked at a copper mining|mine near the Gila River, in southwestern New Mexico. In later life, Carson never mentioned any women from his youth. There are only three specific women mentioned in his writing: Josefa Jaramillo, his third and last wife; a comrade's mother in Washington, DC; and Mrs. Ann White, a victim of Native American atrocities.
Lexus
Vehicles
Lexus NX, compact luxury crossover
Kit Carson
Ewing Young and Thomas Fitzpatrick
In August 1829, the 19-year-old Carson joined trapper Ewing Young and his mountain men on a fur- hunting expedition to Arizona and California. That was Carson's first professional job as a mountain man. Carson received much experience as a trapper on the expedition. Young is credited with shaping Carson's early life in the mountains.
Lexus
Vehicles
Lexus GX, mid-size luxury SUV
Kit Carson
Ewing Young and Thomas Fitzpatrick
Carson returned to Taos in 1829 and joined a wagon train rescue party. Although the perpetrators had fled the scene of atrocities, Young had the opportunity to witness Carson's horsemanship and courage. Kit passed the winter of 1827-1828 as Young's cook in Taos. Carson joined another expedition led by Thomas Fitzpatrick in 1831. Fitzpatrick and his trappers went north to the central Rocky Mountains. Carson would hunt and trap in the West for about ten years. He was known as a reliable man and a good fighter.
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Vehicles
Lexus LX, full-size luxury SUV
Kit Carson
Mountain man
Carson traveled through many parts of the American West to gather furs. Men at the time wore hats made of beaver fur. He trapped beaver for the fur trade and sometimes worked with famous mountain men like Jim Bridger and Old Bill Williams.
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Vehicles
Lexus TX, full-size luxury crossover SUV
Kit Carson
Career
Carson's career as a mountain man began in 1829, when he joined Ewing Young's trapping expedition to the Rocky Mountains. Mountain men worked mostly in the Rocky Mountains for themselves, sometimes with a partner or two, or for a large trading organization like the Hudson's Bay Company.
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Vehicles
Lexus RX, mid-size luxury crossover SUV
Kit Carson
Career
A mountain man's life was not easy. He sometimes had to walk into deep cold water to get a trapped beaver. He then had to remove the hide with the fur, yhe pelt. The mountain man kept the beaver pelts for many months and then sold them in St. Louis, Missouri, or at a mountain man rendezvous. With the money that he collected, he bought fish hooks, flour, tobacco, and the other things that he needed for life in the mountains.
Lexus
Vehicles
Lexus LS, full-size luxury sedan
Kit Carson
Hazards and hardships
The mountain man faced many hazards including biting insects, bad weather, and diseases of all kinds. There were no doctors in the lands on which mountain men worked. The man had to set his own broken bones, tend his wounds, and nurse himself. Native Americans were an ever-present danger since even friendly ones could turn at once into an enemy. A mountain man usually had a Native American wife or mistress. His main food was buffalo. Je was dressed in deer skins that had stiffened by being left outdoors for a time. The suit of stiffened deer skin gave him some protection from the weapons of his enemies.
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Vehicles
Lexus ES, mid-size luxury sedan
Prague
Prague (Praha in Czech) is the capital and the largest city of the Czech Republic. 1.4 million people live there.
Kit Carson
Rendezvous
Mountain men met every year in the second quarter of the 19th century for an event called a rendezvous. The first rendezvous was held in 1825. Those events were held in remote areas of the West like the banks of the Green River in Wyoming. A mountain man had a good time at those lively events. Native Americans often joined the gathering. Everyone played card games, danced, sang, told stories, made jokes, and had much to eat and drink. Sometimes, mountain men married Native American women at a rendezvous. The last rendezvous was held in 1840.
Prague
Prague has been known as one of the most beautiful European cities since the Middle Ages. It is often called the "City of 100 Towers", the "Rooftop of Europe" or the "Heart of Europe." Prague was a place where many merchants, artists and inventors met.
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Vehicles
Lexus IS, compact luxury sedan
Prague
Prague is full of historical monuments in all major artistic styles. The historic center of Prague is on both banks of the Vltava river. This historical center has six districts, which were once independent cities that joined in the 18th century. These districts are Staré Město (Old Town), Pražský hrad (Prague castle), Josefov (Old Jewish Town), Nové Město (New Town), Malá Strana (Lesser Town), Hradčany (Prague Castle Quarter) and Vyšehrad. It was Prince Bořivoj who established Prague Castle. There are also lots of museums, galleries, theaters, concert halls, and other historic buildings.
Kit Carson
Decline of fur trade
About 1840, the fur trade began to drop off. Well-dressed men in London, Paris, and New York City wanted silk hats instead of beaver hats. In addition, the mountain men had very nearly killed almost every beaver in North America. Trappers were no longer wanted or needed. The mountain man Robert Newell told Jim Bridger: "[W]e are done with this life in the mountains — done with wading in beaver dams, and freezing or starving alternately — done with Indian trading and Indian fighting. The fur trade is dead in the Rocky Mountains, and it is no place for us now, if ever it was."
Prague
History
The earliest inhabitants of the area lived in the valley of the Vltava river around 500 BC. Slavonic tribes came to Bohemia in about 500 AD. There is a legend about how the town of Prague started. Princess Libuše, the leader of a Slavonic tribe, chose a simple peasant Přemysl to be her husband. She told him to go and find a village on the banks of the Vltava and to start a town there. The town became Prague, ruled by the Přemyslid family.In the second half of the 9th century the castle’s original fortifications were built. During the reign of Wenceslas I (Václav in Czech) in the 10th century the church of St Vitus was built at Prague castle. Wenceslas was murdered by his brother when he was going to church. He was later made a saint. In the early 11th century the Přemyslid family got power in Moravia, too. Vratislav II was the first monarch to be called King of Bohemia.
Kit Carson
Meat hunter at Bent's Fort
Carson knew that it was time to find other work. He stated in his Memoirs, "Beaver was getting scarce, it became necessary to try our hand at something else." In 1841, he was hired at Bent's Fort in Colorado. The fort was one of the greatest buildings in the West. Hundreds of people worked or lived there. Carson hunted buffalo, antelope, deer, and other animals to feed the hundreds of people. He was paid one dollar a day. He returned to Bent's Fort several times during his life to again provide meat for the fort's residents. In April 1842, Carson went back to his childhood home in Missouri. He made the trip to put his daughter, Adaline, in the care of relatives.
Indian fighter/"Injun killer"
Carson found much pleasure in killing Native Americans. He did not respect them and thought that those who committed outrages like murder, theft, and rape deserved the worst punishment possible. Carson's thoughts about Native Americans softened over the years, as he found himself more and more in their company. He became an Indian agent and a spokesman for the Utes.
Prague
History
Another ruler, also called Wenceslas I, ruled as King of Bohemia from 1230. He encouraged the arts. Many Germans came to live in Prague. In 1257 King Otakar II founded the area of Prague called the Lesser Quarter for the Germans to live in. The last of the Přemyslid kings was King Wenceslas III. He was murdered in Moravia.
Journey of Hope (movie)
Journey of Hope (Reise der Hoffnung; Umuda yolculuk) is a 1990 Swiss Turkish British French drama movie directed by Xavier Koller and starring Mathias Gnädinger, Necmettin Çobanoglu, Nur Sürer, Emin Sivas, Yaman Okay, Andrea Zogg, Dietmar Schönherr. It won an Academy Award in 1991.
Enrico De Nicola
Enrico De Nicola, (9 November 1877 – 1 October 1959) was an Italian jurist, journalist, politician. He was the head of state of republican Italy from 1946 to 1948. He became the first president of Italy on 1 January 1948.
Prague
History
During the Middle Ages Prague became very important as the capital of the Holy Roman Empire ruled by Charles IV (1316-1378) who was the most powerful ruler in Europe at the time. Charles made Prague a great city, building St Vitus Cathedral, a university, and a famous bridge called Charles Bridge which still exists.
After Charles IV there were many arguments and fights in Prague. A priest called Jan Hus said that the Catholic Church had become too powerful. He was arrested and burned at the stake in 1415. A lot of people agreed with what Hus had been saying. These people were called Hussites. They threw a lot of important Catholic people out of the window (called "defenestration"). A lot more fighting followed, and for many years Bohemia was ruled by kings who lived in other countries.
From 1526 the Habsburg family ruled Bohemia. They were Catholics and ruled the Holy Roman Empire. In 1576 the Emperor Rudolph II moved the capital from Vienna to Prague. Prague became a rich town again, and people were free to worship as Catholics or Protestants. After Rudolph II there were a lot of religious fighting and more people were thrown out of windows. Eventually the fighting became part of the Thirty Years’ War. When Ferdinand II won the fighting a lot of Protestants left the country. New buildings in Prague were built in the Baroque style. The German language, not Czech, was spoken at court. Maria Theresa was the only queen to reign over Prague. One of her 16 children was Marie Antoinette who became queen of France. When her son Joseph II ruled, people stopped fighting about religion. The people were free to speak what they thought, and there was no more serfdom. Prague now had three parts: the Old Town, the Lesser Quarter and the New Town. Famous people such as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart visited the town often.
Kit Carson
First years
Carson hated Native Americans, especially those who had committed crimes such as rape, theft, and murder. He believed that Native Americans could not be trusted, and should be punished. Mountain men often had to kill Native Americans to save their own lives. The young Carson's brutal and vicious notions about Native Americans is sometimes considered his greatest moral failing. Carson never killed Native American women and children, however. He believed that a brave man would never do so, and he scorned the men who did.
Crow tribe
Carson's Memoirs are replete with stories about Native American encounters with the memoir writer. In January 1833, for example, warriors of the Crow tribe stole nine horse from Carson's camp. Carson and 11 other men found the Crow camp after dark and quietly led the horses away. The men who owned the horses wanted to return to their own camp at once. Although Carson and two other men had not lost any horses, the three wanted to punish the Crows. Carson and his men fired their guns into the Crow camp and killied almost every Crow. Carson wrote in his Memoirs: "During our pursuit for the lost animals, we suffered considerably but, the success of having recovered our horses and sending many a redskin to his long home, our sufferings were soon forgotten."
Prague
History
In the 19th century industry came to Prague. Factories were built, a railway was built between Prague and Vienna. The Czech nationalist movement became very strong after 1848. They wanted to use their own language instead of German. The composers Smetana and Dvořák wrote music about their country, often using Czech folksongs. The National Theatre was opened in 1881.
Kit Carson
Blackfoot nation
The Blackfoot nation was a hostile tribe and posed an ever-present threat to Carson's safety. A Blackfoot warrior once injured Carson in the shoulder. That was the worst injury he received in his life. He hated the Blackfeet and killed them at every opportunity. The historian David Roberts wrote: "It was taken for granted that the Blackfeet were bad Indians; to shoot them whenever he could was a mountain man's instinct and duty." The Blackfeet did not like whites, Who, they were convinced were trying to take over their hunting grounds. In addition, the Blackfeet wanted the valuable horses that were owned by the whites.
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Vehicles
Lexus CT, premium compact/subcompact executive hatchback
Kit Carson
Blackfoot nation
Carson had several encounters with the Blackfeet, but his last battle with them took place in spring 1838. He was traveling with about 100 mountain men, led by Jim Bridger. In Montana Territory, the group found a teepee with three Native American corpses inside. The three had died of smallpox. Bridger wanted to move on, but Carson and the other young men wanted to kill the Blackfeet.
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Vehicles
Lexus LFA, sports car
Kit Carson
Blackfoot nation
They found the Blackfoot village, and killed ten Blackfeet warriors. The Blackfeet found some safety in a pile of rocks but were driven away. It is not known how many Blackfeet died in that incident. The historian David Roberts wrote that "if anything like pity filled Carson's breast as, in his twenty-ninth year, he beheld the ravaged camp of the Blackfeet, he did not bother to remember it." Carson wrote in his Memoirs that this battle was "the prettiest fight I ever saw."
Lexus
Vehicles
Lexus BEV Sport, successor of LFA
Cassandra Lynn
Cassandra Lynn Hensley (née Jensen; August 15, 1979 – January 15, 2014), better known by her stage name Cassandra Lynn, was an American model. She was best known for work with Playboy. She was the Playmate of the Month for February 2006.
Kit Carson
Change of beliefs
Carson's notions about Native Americans softened over the years. He found himself more and more in their company as he grew older. His thoughts about Native Americans became more understanding and more humane. He urged the government to set aside lands, called reservations, for their use. As an Indian agent, he saw to it that those under his watch were treated with honesty and fairness and were clothed and fed properly. The historian David Roberts believes that his first marriage to an Arapaho women, named Singing Grass, "softened the stern and pragmatic mountaineer's opportunism."
Prague
History
Democracy gradually came to Prague in 1989 when the Velvet Revolution happened. In 1993 the Czech Republic and Slovakia split into two countries. Today both these countries are part of the European Union.
Kit Carson
Manifest Destiny
In killing Native Americans, Carson was making America safe for settlers heading west to build their homes, farms, and villages. He had the approval of the US government and its citizens. In addition, Senator Thomas Hart Benton, the United States Congress, and President James K. Polk had developed and were working under a concept called Manifest Destiny, which stated that it was the will of God that the United States push America's western boundary to the Pacific Ocean at all costs. That spurred the movement of American settlers to the West.
Cassandra Lynn
Lynn was born in Price, Utah and raised in Salt Lake City. She was married Gary Hensley on February 7, 2009. She also had two children; a daughter, Alexis, from a previous relationship, and a son, Devin, with Hensley.
Lynn died on January 15, 2014 at her friend's home in Los Angeles, California, aged 34. She was found by her friend floating in a bathtub. Her death was caused by an accidental overdose of cocaine and alcohol.
Kit Carson
Personal life
Carson was married three times. His first two wives were Native Americans. His third wife was Mexican. He was the father of ten children. Carson never wrote about his first two marriages in his Memoirs. He may have thought he would be known as a "squaw man". Such men were not welcomed by polite society.