cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Topic (chocolate bar)
Topic is a chocolate bar made by Mars, Incorporated in France and sold in Europe. It contains hazelnuts, nougat and caramel.
The bar was first introduced in 1962. In the UK, it was advertised with the line "A Hazelnut in Every Bite".
The chocolate bar was promoted in a series of radio adverts broadcast in 2002 with the strapline "A joy to eat, but a bitch to make". These adverts featured actors Simon Pegg and Mark Heap who both appeared in the cult British TV comedy Spaced.
The bar was removed from boxes of Celebrations in 2006, along with Twix (although Twix has subsequently been reintroduced).
St Andrew (disambiguation)
The element St Andrew, St. Andrews or St. Andrew's is found in the names of many places and institutions. All of them are named after Saint Andrew, a Christian saint and one of the New Testament Apostles.
Saint Andrew Other saints who share this name include:
North America
Australia, New Zealand, Japan
Egypt
Israel
Malta
Morocco
Other uses
See also
Anna Sharyhina
Anna Borysivna Sharyhina (born c.1978) is a Ukrainian activist who fights for the rights of women and the LBGT community. She is one of the founders of the Sphere Women's Association, a lesbian feminist organisation from Kharkiv, and of the NGO Kyiv Pride, the organizing committee of the Pride Parade in Kiev.
Sharyhina and her partner, Vira Chemygina, have been part of the Ukrainian LBGT community and lesbian organizations for years. They organized Kiev's first walks for equality. The second walk for equality in Kiev was held in 2015. Police officers and public figurs supported the walk. However, the walk only lasted for 15 minutes because of the violence against the marchers. Ten people, including police officers guarding the event, were injured.
List of World Heritage Sites in Greece
There are 17 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Greece. Five of the places are on islands. One is between the islands and the mainland. The remaining 11 are on the mainland.
World Heritage Sites
The table lists information about each World Heritage Site:
Upper St. Clair Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Upper St. Clair is a township in southern Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. It has with home rule statusI. The townshio is located about 8 miles (13 km) south of Downtown Pittsburgh. It is known for being an affluent suburb. The township's school district has been recognized nationally. As of the 2010 census, 19,229 people lived in the township.
About 9% of the township's area is used for 14 parks and multiple fields. This is about 733 acres. The township borders with six communities. These including South Fayette Township to the west, Bridgeville to the northwest, Scott Township and Mt. Lebanon to the north, Bethel Park to the east, and Peters Township in Washington County to the south.
Svay Rieng province
Svay Rieng is a province in Cambodia. The capital is Svay Rieng while the largest city is Bavet.
There are 6 districts and 2 municipalities:
Protein folding
Protein folding is how a protein gets its functional shape or 'conformation'. It is mainly a self-organising process. Starting from a random coil, polypeptides fold into their characteristic working shape. The structure is held together by hydrogen bonds.
Without its correct three-dimensional structure a protein does not work. However, some parts of proteins may not fold: this is normal.
On 30 November 2020, the protein folding was solved by artificial intelligence company DeepMind.
Chaperones
Chaperonins are large proteins which help the folding of some proteins after synthesis. Chaperones in general were first discovered helping histones and DNA join up to form nucleosomes. Nucleosomes are the building blocks for chromosomes. This is the way many cell organelles are built up.
Disney Princess
Disney Princess is a media franchise and toy line by Disney. It features female characters of Disney productions like Snow White, Cinderella, Ariel and other princesses.
Samarkand
Samarkand It is the second-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of Samarqand Province.
The city is on the old Silk Road between China and the West, and is an Islamic centre for scholarly study. In the 14th century, it became the capital of the empire of Timur (Tamerlane), and is the site of his mausoleum, the Gur-e Amir. The Bibi-Khanym Mosque remains one of the city's most famous landmarks. The Registan was the ancient centre of the city.
Most of the inhabitants of this city are Persian-speaking and speak the Tajik Persian dialect. This city is one of the historical centers of the Tajik people in Central Asia, which in the past was one of the important cities of the great empires of Iran.
In 2001, UNESCO added the 2,750-year-old city to its World Heritage Site list as Samarkand – Crossroads of Cultures.
History
Samarkand is one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world, prospering from its location on the trade route between China and the Mediterranean (Silk Road). At times Samarkand has been one of the greatest cities of Central Asia.
Medieval history
Samarkand was sacked by the Mongols under Genghis Khan in 1220. Some of the people survived, but later, Samarkand suffered at least one other Mongol attack. The town took many decades to recover from these disasters. In The Travels of Marco Polo, where Polo records his journey along the Silk Road, Samarkand is described as "a very large and splendid city..." He also writes about a Christian church in Samarkand, which miraculously remained standing after a portion of its central supporting column was removed.
In 1370, Timur the Lame, or Tamerlane, decided to make Samarkand the capital of his empire, stretching from India to Turkey. During the next 35 years, he built a new city and populated it with artisans and craftsmen from all of the places he had conquered. Timur gained a reputation as a patron of the arts, and Samarkand grew to have a population of about 150,000.
Modern history
In 1499, the Uzbek Turks took control of Samarkand. They moved the capital to Bukhara and Samarkand went into decline. The city came under Russian rule in 1868. The Russian section of the city was built after this point, largely to the west of the old city.
The city later became the capital of the Samarkand Oblast of Russian Turkestan and grew in importance still further when the Trans-Caspian railway reached the city in 1888. It became the capital of the Uzbek SSR in 1925 before being replaced by Tashkent in 1930.
Gordon Mydland
Gordon James Mydland (May 12, 1922 – October 6, 2022) was an American former politician and attorney. He was the Attorney General of South Dakota between 1969 until 1973. Before, he was a member of the South Dakota Senate between 1963 until 1968.
He turned 100 in May 2022, and died on October 6, 2022, in Brookings, South Dakota.
Mimi Pink
Mimi Pink is a light shade of pink.
Direct memory access
Direct memory access (usually shortened to DMA) is a technology used in Computers and microprocessors. With it, certain hardware components can use parts of the main memory for their applications, without the need to ask the CPU. The CPU will request data from memory once and the DMA will continue to fetch the data, freeing the CPU to do other work. This way, the CPU does not have to request every byte.
List of World Heritage Sites in Italy
This article lists the 47 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Italy. They are ordered by when they were added to the list.
Maria Verónica Reina
Maria Verónica Reina (1960s – 27 October 2017 ) was an educational psychologist and an activist from Argentina who promoted the rights of persons with disabilities. Representing the International Disability and Development Consortium, she was a leading contributor to the talks on the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
She was disabled in a car accident when she was 17 in Rosario, Argentina. She was unable to finish her schooling.
Erlangen-Höchstadt
Erlangen-Höchstadt (German: Landkreis Erlangen-Höchstadt, East Franconian: Landgrais Erlang-Heegschdôdd) is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany.
The main river is the Regnitz, which runs through the city of Erlangen.
Charles T. Payne
Payne died in Chicago, Illinois, aged 89.
Peru, Kansas
Peru is a city in Chautauqua County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 139.
Azores
The Azores (Açores) is an archipelago of nine volcanic islands in the North Atlantic Ocean; they are about 1500 km west of Lisbon and about 1900 km southeast of Newfoundland. The islands, and their Exclusive Economic Zone, form the Autonomous Region of the Azores, one of the two autonomous regions of Portugal.
There are nine major Azores islands and several very small islands (islets), in three main groups. They extend for more than 600 km and lie in a northwest-southeast direction.
History
Officially, the islands were discovered in the 15th century (in 1431) by Gonçalo Velho Cabral a Captain in the service of Infante Dom Henrique, although credit is also given to the explorer Diogo de Silves (in 1427).
The archipelago was settled over the centuries, mostly from mainland Portugal. Portuguese settlers came from the provinces of Algarve, Minho, Alentejo and Ribatejo, as well as Madeira.
In 1976, the Azores became the Autonomous Region of the Azores (Região Autónoma dos Açores), an autonomous region of Portugal.
Geography
The archipelago is in the Atlantic Ocean between 36º and 43º latitude North and between 25º and 31º longitude West. They have a very humid oceanic climate with relatively small annual variations.
The nine islands are in three natural geographic groups, each group separated by more than 160 km of water. These groups are:
The eastern group also has, to the northeast of Santa Maria, a group of very small islands (islets) and reefs that are named Ilhéus das Formigas (Islets of the Ants), or just Formigas ("Ants"); these smalls islands, together with the Dollabarat reef, form the Reserva Natural do Ilhéu das Formigas.
The nine islands have a total area of 2333 km2. Their individual areas vary between 759 km2 of the largest island (São Miguel) to 17 km2 of the smallest (Corvo). All the islands have volcanic origins, although some, such as Santa Maria, have had no recorded activity since the islands were settled. The last volcano to erupt in the archipelago was the Capelinhos Volcano (Vulcão dos Capelinhos) in 1957, in the western part of the island of Faial. Earthquakes are common on most of the islands.
The Azores are on place where three of the world's large tectonic plates (the North American Plate, the Eurasian Plate and the African Plate) meet. The westernmost islands of the archipelago, (Corvo and Flores), are in the North American Plate, while the remaining islands are located within the region where the Eurasian plate is separated from the African Plates.
The volcano Mount Pico, on the Pico island, is the highest point in Portugal, at 2351 m.
Climate
Daily maximum temperatures usually range between 15 °C and 25 °C. The average annual rainfall increases from east to west, and it ranges from 700 to 1600 annual millimetres (27.6–63 in) on average, reaching 6300 mm on Mount Pico.
The sea around the Azores is warmed by the Gulf Stream and sea water temperature varies from 14 °C to 22 °C.
Hurricanes
A total of 11 tropical or subtropical cyclones have affected the region in history. Most of them were either extratropical or tropical storms when they impacted the region, although several hurricanes of Category 1 have reached the Azores.
Administration
When the Azores became an Autonomous Region of Portugal, the cities of Ponta Delgada, Angra and Horta were considered capital/administrative cities to the regional government: homes to the President (Ponta Delgada), the Judiciary (Angra) and the Regional Assembly (Horta).
Anfinsen's dogma
Anfinsen's dogma is a hypothesis in molecular biology suggested by Christian Anfinsen. The idea is that a protein folding into its native structure is done automatically by the protein's amino acid sequence. It is only true for some proteins. For other proteins, chaperones are needed.
Azores
Administration
The Azores are divided into 19 municipalities (concelhos); each municipality is further divided into parishes (freguesias), of which there is a total of 156 in all of the Azores. The municipalities, by island, are:
Anfinsen's dogma
Anfinsen shared the 1972 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work on the structure of the enzyme ribonuclease A. The dogma suggests that, in the conditions at which folding occurs, the native structure is a unique and stable state. There are three conditions:
Azores
Cities
There are five cities (cidades) in the Azores:
Anfinsen's dogma
How the protein reaches this structure is the subject of the field of protein folding, which has a related dogma called Levinthal's paradox. The Levinthal paradox states that the number of possible conformations available to a given protein is astronomically large, such that even a small protein of 100 residues would require more time than the universe has existed to explore all possible conformations (1026 seconds) and choose the appropriate one.
Prions are an exception to Anfinsen's dogma. Prions are stable conformations of proteins which differ from the native folding state. In Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Mad Cow Disease), native proteins re-fold into a different stable conformation, which causes fatal amyloid buildup. Other amyloid diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, are also exceptions to Anfinsen's dogma.
Azores
Population
According to the 2011 Census, the total population in the Azores was 246,746: 121,533 men and 125,213 women. The density for the whole Archipelago is 106 persons/km2.
Economy
In the agriculture sector, cattle-raising is very important. Some of the most important crops in the Azores are pineapples, grapes, potatoes, tobacco and tea. Fisheries are an important economic activity on all islands. Fishing methods are highly traditional among Azorean fishermen. Industry in the Azores is based mainly on the production of dairy products (milk, cheese) and transformation of fisheries products, such as tuna.
It is tourism, however, that has been growing more in recent years. It is far less developed than those industries of its Macaronesian neighbours, Madeira and Canary Islands.
Mexican pink
Mexican pink is a purplish pink shade of the color rose, vivid and saturated, similar to the colors fuchsia or magenta.
Cerise (color)
Shades of Cerise (color)
There are various tones of cerise.
Hollywood cerise
In the 1950s, a popular brand of colored pencils, Venus Paradise, had a colored pencil called Hollywood cerise which was this color.
Chinese violet
Chinese violet is a shade of the color magenta.
Luisa Cuesta
Maria Luisa Cuesta Vila (26 May 1920 Soriano - 21 November 2018 Montevideo ) was a Uruguayan acitivist who fought for human rights. She put her life in finding the missing prisoners during the time of Uruguayan military dictatorship. Her son Nebio Melo Cuesta also was gone during that period and is still missing today.
Steel pink
The color Steel pink is a shade of magenta.
Esslingen (district)
Esslingen (German: Landkreis Esslingen, Swabian: Landgraes Esslenga or Essleng) is a Landkreis (district) in the centre of Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
The Neckar river flows through the district.
Nanny state
A nanny state is a term for a government or country with laws that tell people how to behave and how to live their private lives. The reasons may vary. Some may be to protect people's health, or to protect society. It is called paternalism when the government thinks they know better than the people. When someone calls a government a nanny state, they are accusing it of taking away too much of their personal freedom.
Ferdinand Piëch
Ferdinand Karl Piëch (17 April 1937 – 25 August 2019) was an Austrian businessman, engineer and executive. He was the chairman of the executive board (Vorstandsvorsitzender) of Volkswagen Group in 1993 through 2002 and the chairman of the supervisory board (Aufsichtsratsvorsitzender) of Volkswagen Group in 2002 through 2015.
Val Heim
Val Raymond Heim (November 4, 1920 – November 21, 2019) was a left fielder. He played in Major League Baseball during the 1942 season with the Chicago White Sox. He was 5ft 11in, 170 lbs. He batted left-handed and threw right-handed.
Heim died at his childhood home in Superior, Nebraska on November 21, 2019 at the age of 99.
Plymouth, Wisconsin
Plymouth is a city in Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, along the Mullet River. The city is located in the Town of Plymouth, but is politically independent.
St Andrews
St Andrews is a town, that has its name from Saint Andrew the Apostle and is a former royal burgh on the east coast of Fife, Scotland, and an important home of golf. It has a population of about 18 000, and stands on the North Sea coast between Edinburgh and Dundee. It is home to Scotland's oldest university, the University of St Andrews.
Plymouth, Wisconsin
Plymouth is known as "Hub City" because it is a former regional center of wooden wheelwrighting.
St Andrews
The town is called "home of golf" for two reasons. First, the Royal and Ancient Golf Club, founded in 1754,has authority over the game worldwide except in the USA and Mexico. Second, the beautiful links (acquired by the town in 1894) is the most frequent venue for The Open Championship, the oldest of the Men's major golf championships.
Visitors travel to St Andrews in great numbers for several courses ranked amongst the finest in the world, as well as for the sandy beaches.
Cathedral
The Cathedral of St Andrew was at one time Scotland's largest building. It was founded by Bishop Robert (1122 - 1159). It was not completed and consecrated until 1318 in the reign of Robert the Bruce (1306-29).
St Rule's Tower
St Rule's tower stands in the Cathedral grounds but is older than the cathedral. Probably it was part of the Cathedral up to the early 12th century.
Castle
The ruins of St Andrews Castle stand on a rock at the sea. It is said that Bishop Roger erected the first stone castle on the site about the beginning of the 13th century as an episcopal residence.
The University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews owed its origin to a society formed in 1410 by Lawrence of Lindores, abbot of Scone and a few others.
The university library, which now includes the older college libraries, was founded about the middle of the 17th century, rebuilt in 1764, and improved in 1829 and 1889 - 1890.
Jerry Rook
Jerry G. Rook (October 27, 1943 – August 25, 2019) was an American basketball player. He was best known for his success at Arkansas State University. He was born in Jonesboro, Arkansas. He played for the Arkansas State Red Wolves and the New Orleans Buccaneers.
Rook died on August 25, 2019 in Jonesboro after a long-illness at the age of 75.
Takéo province
Takeo is a province in Cambodia. The capital is Doun Kaev.
Notable locations include the mountain Phnom Chisor and the temple Phnom Da.
There are 9 districts and 1 municipality:
Resilience
Resilience generally means the ability to recover from some shock or disturbance.
There are different meanings for,
Psychology
Resilience is a term used in psychology to describe the capacity of people to cope with stress and catastrophe. It is also used to indicate a characteristic of resistance to future negative events. This psychological meaning of resilience is often contrasted with "risk factors".
Materials
In physics and engineering, resilience is defined as the capacity of a material to absorb energy when it is deformed elastically and then, upon unloading to have this energy recovered. In other words, it is the maximum energy per volume that can be elastically stored. It is represented by the area under the curve in the elastic region in the Stress-Strain diagram.
Modulus of Resilience, U_r, can be calculated using the following formula:, where \sigma is yield stress, E is Young's modulus, and \epsilon is strain.
An example of a biomaterial which has a high resilience is articular cartilage, the substance lining the ends of bones in articulating joints such as the knee and hip.
Ecology
In ecology, resilience has been defined in two competing fashions that emphasize two different aspects of stability.
One definition is the rate at which a system returns to a single steady or cyclic state following a perturbation. This definition of resilience assumes that behavior of a system remains within the stable domain that contains this steady state.
When a system can reorganize, that is shift from one stability domain to another, a more relevant measure of ecosystem dynamics is ecological resilience. It is a measure of the amount of change or disruption that is required to transform a system from being maintained by one set of mutually reinforcing processes and structures to a different set of processes and structures.
The second definition emphasizes conditions far from any steady-states, where instabilities can flip a system into another regime of behavior - i.e. to another stability domain. In this case resilience is measured by the magnitude of disturbance that can be absorbed before the system changes its structure by changing the variables and processes that control behavior. This type of resilience has been defined as ecological resilience.
Industrial and organisational safety
Within the broad domain of industrial safety, the term resilience has come into use to emphasise that safety must be proactive as well as reactive. Whereas conventional risk management approaches emphasise calculation of failure probabilities, resilience engineering looks for ways to strengthen the ability of organisations to create processes that are robust yet flexible.
Network
Resilience is the ability of the network to provide and maintain an acceptable level of service in the face of various faults and challenges to normal operation.
Resilient networks aim to provide acceptable service to applications:
Pontiac
Pontiac was an automobile manufacturer, owned by General Motors. Pontiac was known for making affordable performance cars. It was established in 1926. In 2009, General Motors announced that it would shut down Pontiac.
Pontiac is named for Pontiac (Ottawa leader), an 18th-century war chief, and for the town of Pontiac, Illinois.
Lake Preston, South Dakota
Lake Preston is a city in Kingsbury County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 599 at the 2010 census.
Oddar Meanchey province
Oddar Meanchey is a province of Cambodia. The capital is Samraong. It is in the Dângrêk Mountains.
There are 4 districts and 1 municipality:
Forchheim (district)
Forchheim is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany.
The Regnitz river runs from south to north through the district.
Karel Doorman
Karel Willem Frederik Marie Doorman (April 23, 1889 in Utrecht - February 28, 1942) was a Dutch admiral (Dutch: schout-bij-nacht) during World War II.
In 1942 he was made commander of the combined American, British, Dutch and Australian fleet in the Dutch East Indies.
In February 1942, he led his fleet against a much stronger Japanese fleet in the Java Sea. This battle became a disaster for the Allies. Doorman became a hero in the Netherlands, partly of his last words to the fleet: "Ik val aan, volg mij!" (I am attacking, follow me).
Karel Doorman died when his ship De Ruyter (named after the famous Dutch Admiral Michiel de Ruyter) was hit by a torpedo and sank. There was enough time to escape, but Doorman rather went under with his ship, according to old tradition.
Super Mario RPG: Legend of the Seven Stars
Super Mario RPG (スーパーマリオＲＰＧ), taglined Legend of the Seven Stars, is a role-playing game made by Square Co. (now known as Square Enix) and published by Nintendo. The game was first out on the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1996, and then on the Wii's Virtual Console service in 2008.
Ahmet Kaya
In October 2013 Ahmet Kaya was given the Grand Presidential Prize in Culture and Arts.
The Vampire Diaries
The Vampire Diaries is an American television series. It premiered on September 10, 2009 on The CW. The show ended on March 10, 2017.
William V. McBride
William Vincent McBride (born May 25, 1922) is an American retired general in the United States Air Force. He was the former Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force from 1975 until 1978.
Marktheidenfeld
Marktheidenfeld is a town in Main-Spessart in the Regierungsbezirk of Lower Franconia (Unterfranken) in Bavaria, Germany and the seat (but not a member) of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft (municipal association) of Marktheidenfeld. The town has around 11,000 residents.
Marilyn P. Johnson
Marilyn Priscilla Johnson (born June 19, 1922) is an American politician. She was the United States Ambassador to Togo from 1978 until 1981. She was nominated by President Jimmy Carter.
Marktheidenfeld
Subdivisions
Marktheidenfeld's Stadtteile are Glasofen (amalgamated in 1972), Zimmern (1974), Marienbrunn (1975), Altfeld, Michelrieth and Oberwittbach (all in 1978).
The town has the following Gemarkungen (traditional rural cadastral areas): Altfeld, Glasofen, Marienbrunn, Marktheidenfeld, Michelrieth, Oberwittbach and Zimmern.
Novak Djokovic
Novak Djokovic (born 22 May 1987) is a Serbian professional tennis player.
Djokovic has won a record 23 Grand Slam singles titles: the 2008, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2023 Australian Open, the 2016, 2021 and 2023 French Open, the 2011, 2014, 2015, 2018, 2019, 2021 and 2022 Wimbledon Championships as well as the 2011, 2015, and 2018 US Open. He is the first player since Rod Laver in 1969 to hold all four Grand Slam tournaments at the same time. He is the third player after Roy Emerson and Rod Laver to win each Grand Slam tournament at least two times, and the first to win each at least three times.
Abdou Diouf
Abdou Diouf (born 7 September 1935) was president of Senegal from 1981 to 2000. He was the second president since the country became independent.
Caroline Matilda of Wales
Caroline Matilda of Great Britain (Caroline Mathilde; 11 July 1751 – 10 May 1775) Queen of Denmark and Norway from 1766 to 1772 and a member of the British Royal Family.
Abdou Diouf
Diouf has been the Secretary General of La Francophonie since 2003.
Novak Djokovic
Djokovic was ranked No. 1 in the world for the first time on 4 July 2011. His longest streak at No. 1 was 122 weeks, from 7 July 2014 until 6 November 2016. On 8 March 2021 he reached 311 total weeks at No. 1, which broke the ATP record by Roger Federer. As of 2023, his record is 388 weeks.
Caroline Matilda of Wales
Life
She was born in July of 1751.She was the last child of her father Frederick, Prince of Wales and Augusta. She married Christian VII of Denmark on 8 November 1766 at Christiansborg Castle. She did not know the groom was mentally ill. But the marriage did produce two children. The youngest daughter was thought to be the offspring of the king's doctor and the queen. Nothing was ever proven but the physician was killed and Caroline sent away. She died in May of 1775 at the age of 23.
Novak Djokovic
He won the ATP Tour Finals in 2008, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2022, and helped Serbia win the Davis Cup in 2010. He won a bronze medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics. He has won a record 38 Masters 1000 series titles, and a single season record six Masters 1000 titles in 2015.
Many tennis critics and former and current players consider Djokovic to be among the greatest tennis players of all time. Djokovic was named the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year in 2012, 2015, 2016 and 2019.
Grand slam record
This table shows Djokovic's performance in each Grand Slam tournament in singles.
Freyung-Grafenau
Freyung-Grafenau is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany.
The source of the Ilz River is in the district.
Pal Benko
Pal Benko (Benkő Pál; July 15, 1928 – August 26, 2019) was a French-born Hungarian–American chess grandmaster.
Benko's highest achievement was qualifying and competing in the Candidates Tournament—the tournament to decide the challenger for the World Championship—in 1959 and 1962. He finished eighth in 1959 and sixth in 1962.
Faustyna Kowalska
Biography
Faustina Kowalska, the servant of God's mercy, was the third of ten children. She was born to a poor family. In 1921 after grade school, she started to work to support her family. Around this time she was considering a vocation in the Catholic church. She claimed that God himself was calling her to be a nun. Helena left for Warsaw, and applied to various convents in the capital, only to be turned down each time. She was finally accepted at the convent of the Congregation of the Sisters of Our Lady of Mercy. She was eventually initiated as a nun on April 30, 1926, with the name Sister Maria Faustina of the Blessed Sacrament.
Saint Faustina claimed she had visited Purgatory. She also said she had seen and spoken to Jesus and Mary several times. Later on, Jesus revealed her purpose; to spread the devotion of the Mercy of God. On February 22, 1931, Jesus was said to have appeared as the 'King of Divine Mercy', wearing a white garment. His right hand was raised in a sign of blessing and the other was touching the garment at the breast. From beneath the garment came two large rays. One ray was red, the other pale. St. Faustina had a picture of this vision painted. With the help of Father Michał Sopoćko, she distributed the images at Kraków and Wilno, and people began to pray before them. Saint Faustina wrote a diary. She did this despite the fact that she could hardly write at all. The diary was later published under the title Divine Mercy in My Soul: The Diary of St. Faustina. Saint Faustina wanted to found a "Congregation which will proclaim the Mercy of God to the world, and, by its prayers, obtain it for the world".
In 1936, Saint Faustina became seriously ill. At the time, doctors thought it could be tuberculosis. She was moved to the sanatorium in Pradnik. She spent much time in prayer, reciting the Chaplet of Divine Mercy and praying for the conversion of sinners. The last two years of St. Faustina’s life were spent working as much as she could between visits to the sanatorium and time spent sick in bed in the convent. By June of 1938, she could no longer write in the diary, and it became obvious that she would not live much longer. St. Faustina died on October 5. The task of spreading the message of Divine Mercy, already well begun, was continued by her spiritual director, Father Sopoćko. Saint Faustina had never been able to found the religious order which Jesus had asked for, but she had left clear rules for the life of the prospective community, and at last in 1941, the order, now known as the Institute of Divine Mercy, was founded.
Note: With reference to 'religious order' 'able to found' and Saint Sister Faustina please visit Faustinum Association of Apostles of the Divine Mercy for information regarding the apostolic movement which springs from Sr Faustinas' charism and the message of Divine Mercy.
Canonization and Institution of Divine Mercy Sunday
Pope Pius XI accepted The Divine Mercy devotion.
Pope Pius XII promoted The Divine Mercy devotion.
Cardinal Pacelli (who later became Pope Pius XII) defended The Divine Mercy devotion against heretics.
Pope Pius XI, and Pope Pius XII, and St. Faustina's Confessor, and her Spiritual Director, and her Bishop, and Cardinal Prince Adam Sapieha (the Cardinal of Poland), and Cardinal Ottaviani (the Prefect of the Holy Office), all favoured The Divine Mercy devotion.
Faustina was beatified on April 18, 1993 and canonized on April 30, 2000.
Divine Mercy Sunday is celebrated the Second Sunday of Easter (which is the first Sunday after Easter, during Octave).
Indeed the message [St. Faustina] brought is the appropriate and incisive answer that God wanted to offer to the questions and expectations of human beings in our time, marked by terrible tragedies to come. The fact that her Vatican autobiography directly quotes some of her conversations with Jesus distinguishes her somewhat among other visionaries of Jesus and Mary.
Foot odor
Foot odor (or foot odour) is a type of body odor that affects the feet of humans. Some people think it is an unpleasant smell. Others may enjoy it when they have a foot fetish or olfactophilia (being attracted to certain smells). A 1994 study found that 45% of people with a foot fetish were also aroused by smelly socks and/or feet.
Causes
The front part of the foot produces the most sweat.
Sweating on the feet can be increased by wearing closed shoes or boots. Especially thick materials such as leather or rubber will hold the sweat in them and can increase the odor intensity. Certain types of socks can also make the smell stronger.
Odor qualities
The quality (aroma) of foot odor is often described as thick and smelling like cheese. This is because some of the bacteria that create foot odor (like Brevibacteria) are also used in the production of cheese. They produce the chemical 3-Methylbutanoic acid, which is a main part that is responsible for the odor. This chemical is also often used to make perfumes.
Because of acids in the foot sweat, the odor may also be sour, similar to that of vinegar.
Other things that can influence foot smell are the type of socks and shoes a person wears, how long they are worn at a time, and many individual factors, for example if the person does a lot of sports or other physical activities. Because men sweat more than women, they generally have smellier feet.
Prevention
The best method for preventing food odor is to maintain a good foot hygiene. Regular cleaning of the feet removes dead skin cells from the feet, along with sebum (a type of body oil). This reduces the opportunities for bacteria to cause smelly feet. By regularly cleaning feet properly, feet will not have a strong foot odor. A foot file or pumice stone can be used to remove dead skin cells.
Buick
Buick is an automobile maker, owned by General Motors. It is known for making near-luxury cars with excellent performance and value. After the discontinuation of the Saturn brand GM announced Buick's styling would be based off the German Opel's.
Joseph Bazalgette
Sir Joseph William Bazalgette, CB (28 March 1819 – 15 March 1891) was a 19th-century English civil engineer. He invented the system for cleaning drinking water so as to eliminate cholera.
As chief engineer of London's Metropolitan Board of Works his work was in response to the Great Stink of 1858. He invented the system for cleaning sewage which is basically the same as used today. It stopped the city from having cholera epidemics, and also reduced typhus and typhoid. Until then, cholera had been endemic in all large cities throughout the world, beginning in Roman times.
Bazalgette's plan was for new, closed sewers to pump the waste away from the city. Bazalgette took the polluted water though sewage treatment plants, after which the clean water was returned to the Thames.
Victorian London became one of the few large cities in the world to be free of epidemics carried by the water supply. The British later built the water and sewage systems in many other countries, especially those in, or connected with, the British Empire (Cairo, Khartoum, New Delhi and so on). The growth in population has made the water unsafe again in many places, but round about 1900 a clean water supply was available in many parts of the world. All this was a consequence of Snow's work, and Bazalgette's engineering.
Cholera has returned in modern times. Cities have outgrown the sewage systems built in the late 19th century. Governments have spent money on armaments rather than engineering. Uncontrolled population growth has meant the return of cholera to a world where it was once eliminated.
Bazalgette was also the designer of the Hammersmith Bridge.
Burgundy
Burgundy (Bourgogne) is a former administrative region of France. It is now part of the administrative region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. It was also a historic region in eastern France. The French adjective and name of the inhabitants of the region is Bourguignon.
With over 31500 km2, it is one of the largest region of France. It covers about 6% of the territory of the country.
The four departments in the region were Côte-d'Or, Nièvre, Saône-et-Loire and Yonne. Its capital was Dijon.
History
Burgundy was named for the Germanic Burgundian tribe who moved there from an island in the Baltic Sea. They moved when the Roman Empire fell apart to set up a kingdom with its own laws. This included part of what is now Switzerland.
During the Middle Ages, Burgundy was ruled by dukes. In the 15th century it was very powerful. The dukes ruled lands as far north as the Netherlands. After Duke Charles the Bold died when he wanted to conquer the city of Nancy in 1477, France took southern Burgundy. It was a province until 1790. The House of Habsburg got the northern part, which later became the Southern Netherlands.
Geography
The Burgundy region is one of the largest regions of Metropolitan France. It has an area of 31582 km2. It bordered with five other regions: Champagne-Ardenne to the north, Franche-Comté to the east, Rhône-Alpes to the southeast, Auvergne to the southwest, Centre-Val de Loire to the west and Île-de-France to the north.
Most of the territory of Burgundy is occupied by a plateau of low hills (the Burgundy Hills) surrounded by valleys of the main rivers. The valley of the Yonne river and its tributaries is to the north of the region. To the southeast is the valley of the Saône river.
In the centre of the plateau (and of the region), there is a group of low mountains: the Morvan. The highest point in Burgundy, the Haut-Folin (46.99611°N, 4.03694°W), is in these mountains, in the Saône-et-Loire department. It is 901 m high.
The main rivers of the region are Yonne, Armançon, Loire, Seine and Saône.
The climate of Burgundy is an oceanic climate with temperate summers, "Cfb" (Marine West Coast Climate) in the Köppen climate classification.
Departments
The Burgundy region is formed by four departments:
Demographics
The Burgundy region has a population, in 2012, of 1,641,130, for a population density of inhabitants/km2.
The ten main cities in the region are:
Weather radar
A weather radar is a type of radar used to show where precipitation is. Weather radar can tell the movement of precipitation, what type it is (rain, snow, hail, etc.), and forecast its future.
Modern weather radars are mostly Doppler radars, which can find the direction and speed of rain drops and the intensity of the precipitation. Both types of information can be used to find the structure of storms and tell if they signify any severe weather (tornadoes, flash floods, etc.).
Louis Bonaparte
Louis Bonaparte (Lodewijk Napoleon in Dutch) (1779-1846), was the younger brother of Napoleon Bonaparte, who made him the King of the Kingdom of Holland in 1806. When Louis disagreed with Napoleon's policies, he dispatched troops against Holland. Louis abdicated in 1810 and lived most of the remainder of his life in Italy. He served with his brother in the Italian campaign of 1796–97 and in Egypt in 1798–99.
Early Life
His early career was spent in the army and he served with Napoleon in Egypt. Thanks to Napoleon, he was a general by the age of 25, although he himself felt that he had risen too far in too short a time. Upon his return to France, he was involved in Napoleon's plot to overthrow the Directory. After becoming first consul, Napoleon arranged a marriage for Louis to Hortense de Beauharnais, the daughter of Empress Josephine and Napoleon's stepdaughter. Hortense, who was opposed to the marriage, was convinced by her mother to marry Louis for the sake of the family.
King of Holland
Napoleon made him king of Holland on June 5, 1806. He took his duties as king seriously, calling himself Koning Lodewijk I (adopting the Dutch form of his name). He practiced speaking the Dutch language and tried to be a responsible, independent ruler of Holland. His attempt at speaking the language earned him some respect from his subjects. He declared that he was Dutch and renounced his French citizenship. He also forced his court and ministers (mostly supplied by Napoleon) to speak only the Dutch language. This was too much for his wife Hortense who refused his request and left Holland. Two major tragedies occurred during his reign: the explosion of a ship filled with gunpowder in the heart of the city of Leiden in 1807, and a major flood in 1809. In both, Louis personally and effectively oversaw local relief efforts, which helped earn him the nickname Louis the Good.
His reign of the Netherlands was short lived, due to a quarrel with his brother. Napoleon wanted Dutch troops for his French invasion of Russia. Louis refused; Napoleon didn't help defend the kingdom, and the British invaded. Napoleon then suggested that Louis should abdicate but he refused. Napoleon removed Louis from the Dutch throne and annexed the Kingdom of Holland on July 1, 1810.
After his kingdom was taken from him, Louis remained in Holland for nearly three years and turned to writing and poetry. Louis wrote to Napoleon, after the disastrous Russian campaign, to restore him to the Dutch throne. Predictably, Napoleon refused and Louis returned to France in 1813.
Head of the House of Bonaparte
After the death of his elder brother Joseph in 1844, Louis was seen by Bonapartists as the rightful Emperor of the French, although he took little action himself to advance the claim. His son and heir, Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, on the other hand, was at that time imprisoned in France for having tried to engineer a coup d'état. Louis died on July 25 1846, making his youngest son the future Napoleon III.
Whopper
The Whopper was under controversy when a Burger King ad campaign activated the Google Home. The Google Home would read aloud the Wikipedia page for "Whopper", and the page got vandalized. It was caused by a 15 second commercial.
There is an ad about it featuring a song called 'Whopper Whopper' which is driving a new genre of memes. The song's lyrics can be found on the official Whopper Whopper page.
Acoelorrhaphe
Acoelorraphe is a botanical genus that belongs to the family Arecaceae.
Feldkircher Lyrikpreis
The Feldkirch Poetry Prize, in German Feldkircher Lyrikpreis, started by Erika Kronabitter, an Austrian artist and writer, is given every year by the theater Theater am Saumarkt in Feldkirch, Vorarlberg/Austria. Among the sponsors, there are the Austrian government, the local administration of Vorarlberg and private banks. In 2003, the poetry prize was organized for the first time.
Poets from all countries may send in their poems. German philologists and poets are the jury. The winners are presented to the public during Fall. The winning poems are archived in the Library of Vorarlberg.
Flow chart
A flow chart, also known as a flowchart, is a type of diagram, made of boxes and arrows. It can be used to show:
The flow chart uses boxes, arrows and other elements:
Common Shapes
The following table shows some of the most common shapes used in flowcharts. Generally, flowcharts are read from top to bottom and left to right. Reading flowcharts can also be called "flowing".
Software
There are many different types of software that deal with making flowcharts. Some types of software allow users to design flowcharts that can be used to help them design a program easier. Other applications can also create programs based on the flowchart that the user designed. Some software that deal with making flowcharts include diagrams.net, Google Drawings, LibreOffice Draw, Microsoft Visio, yEd, and Inkscape.
Needle
A needle is a small tool used to push or pull a thread through a small hole. It is most often used to make clothing and footwear.
The needle consists of a short stick with a sharp point and hole for the thread. Needles are now mostly made of steel, but in ancient or Stone Age times they would have been made of small bones or twigs.
Once the thread is put through the hole in the needle and "doubled-back" so that it cannot fall out, then the whole needle and its thread can be put through the material.
The term needle may also be used to refer to other sharp objects used for different purposes, such as the needles doctors use to give a shot.
Berengaria of Navarre
Berengaria (Berenguela, Bérengère; c. 1165-1170 – 23 December 1230), was the oldest daughter of Sancho VI of Navarre and Sancha of Castile. Her mother's parents were Alfonso VII of León and Berenguela of Barcelona. She was the wife of Richard I of England. They had no children.
Cadillac
Cadillac, officially the Cadillac Division of the General Motors Company, is a luxury car maker, owned by General Motors. During the 20th century, Cadillacs were so highly thought of that the phrase "the Cadillac of x" was coined, meaning that something of excellent quality and better than everything else in its category.
The company is one of the oldest car companies and was founded in 1902. By the 1950s and 1960s, it had become famous for making high-quality and luxurious cars, often setting the standard for automotive styling. Cadillac had largely declined by the 1980s and lost much of its market to other companies. Since the early 2000s, Cadillac has regained some of its lost reputation. However, it is not the same company it once was. Cadillac is based in Detroit, Michigan. Many of its cars are available as a V-model, which is a sports package.
Isabel Toledo
Isabel Toledo (born Maria Isabel Izquierdo; April 9, 1960 – August 26, 2019) was a Cuban-American fashion designer based in New York City. She was born in Camajuaní, Cuba. Her career was based in New York City. She was known for designing Michelle Obama's first inaugural dress.
Toledo died at a Manhattan hospital on August 26, 2019 from breast cancer at the age of 59.
Sara Luzita
Sara Luzita ( Jacobs, born 11 August 1922) is a British dancer. She focuses in ballet and Spanish dancing. She performed with the Rambert Dance Company. She appeared in Moulin Rouge and Oh... Rosalinda!!.
James D. Hughes
James Donald "Don" Hughes (born July 7, 1922) is an American Air Force lieutenant general. He was commander in chief, Pacific Air Forces. He was promoted to lieutenant general May 31, 1974. He retired on July 1, 1981.