cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Darlene Ramdin
Darlene Ramdin (born 5 August 1989) is a Trinidad and Tobago female volleyball player. She was part of the Trinidad and Tobago women's national volleyball team.
She participated in the 2017 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix and 2018 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship.
She played for St. John's University's women's volleyball team.
Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9
Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 was a comet. It broke apart and crashed into Jupiter, in July 1994. The event was special because people could see, for the first time, how objects in the Solar System, outside Earth, collided. It caused a large amount of coverage in the media. The comet was carefully watched by astronomers worldwide. The crash gave new information about Jupiter. It also showed up its role in reducing space debris in the inner Solar System. The name came out of the discovers' last names.
Discovery of this comet
The comet was discovered by astronomers Carolyn and Eugene M. Shoemaker and David Levy on March 24, 1993. It was found in a picture taken by the 40 cm Schmidt telescope at the Palomar Observatory, in California. When it was discovered, it was orbiting Jupiter. It was the first comet seen to be orbiting a planet. Scientists think that it had been orbiting the planet for 20 - 30 years before its discovery.
Crash
Calculations showed that its unusual broken up form was due to a previous closer approach to Jupiter in July 1992. At that time, the orbit of Shoemaker-Levy 9 passed within Jupiter's Roche limit. Jupiter's tidal forces had acted to pull the comet apart. The comet was later observed as a series of pieces up to 2 km in diameter. These fragments collided with Jupiter's southern hemisphere between July 16 and July 22, 1994. The pieces were moving at a speed of approximately 60 km/s. The impact scars were more easily seen than the Great Red Spot and they stayed for many months.
Kevin Corcoran
Kevin Anthony "Moochie" Corcoran (June 10, 1949 – October 6, 2015) was an American director, producer, and former child actor. He worked as a child in many of Walt Disney's most popular movies of the late 1950s and 1960s. These include Savage Sam, Old Yeller, Toby Tyler, Pollyanna, The Shaggy Dog, and Swiss Family Robinson.
Corcoran died from colon cancer at the age of 66.
Order of Canada
The Order of Canada was set up in 1967 by Queen Elizabeth II, to reward service to Canada.
It is at the top of Canada’s honours system. It has three classes or ranks to recognize a lifetime of outstanding achievement, dedication to the community and service to the nation.
Only Canadian citizens can have the award, but every year up to five foreigners can be given an honorary award.
The Order of Canada’s motto is DESIDERANTES MELIOREM PATRIAM (They desire a better country).
Companion (CC)
Given to recognize a lifetime of outstanding achievement and merit of the highest degree, especially in service to Canada or to humanity at large.
Officer (OC)
For a lifetime of achievement and merit of a high degree, especially in service to Canada or to humanity at large.
Member (C.M.)
A Member of the Order of Canada has a lifetime of distinguished service in or to a particular community, group or field of activity
Annual appointments
Appointments to the order are usually announced twice a year, at the end of December (the New Year's Honours List) and at the end of June to mark Canada Day. This is the same system as in the United Kingdom, except the Queen's Official Birthday at the beginning of June is marked instead.
Only a certain number of appointments can be made each year:
Charles Kirk Clarke
Charles Kirk Clarke (c. 1857 - January 20 1924) was a psychiatrist who had a major role in Canadian politics. He was born in Elora, Ontario, to a former parliamentarian. He went to college at the University of Toronto in 1879. He later went on to found the Canadian National Committee for Mental Hygiene. Clarke first practised psychiatry at the 999 Queen Street institution in Toronto. In 1880 and then took a post at the Hamilton asylum.
Clarke was a student and brother-in-law of Joseph Workman, the superintendent of the Toronto Asylum. By 1905, Clarke had abandoned the movement, and many of the other leading psychiatrists would follow suit by the end of World War I since it was clear that eugenic measures did not have the desired effects.
Det Kvindelige Velgørende Selskab
Det Kvindelige Velgørende Selskab was an organization in Denmark. It was established in 1815 when king Frederick VI of Denmark had been inspired while visiting the Congress of Vienna in Austria The organization was finally disestablished on 28 October 2004 after a meeting inside the Garnison Church in Copenhagen. Queen Marie of Denmark was appointed protector of the organization. That position was then held by someone from the Danish royal family. Queen Marie's birthday was always celebrated as an observance by the organization. They gave awards to domestic workers who had been in long-time service. Most other domestic workers used to leave by the age of 25-30 to form their own family. The organization also ran a school for housemaid girls. In 1828 they also opened Denmark's first daycare center.
The organization was disestablished as their activity had been outdated. However the housemaid girls at some places had been replaced by modern nanny girls.
When the organization was disestablished, Niels Gustav Bardenfleth published the book For lang och tro tjeneste. Det Kvindelige Velgørende Selskab 1815-2004.
Mike Vernon
Michael "Mike" Vernon (born 24 February 1963 in Calgary, Alberta, Canada) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player. For 21 years he played in the National Hockey League, he played as a goaltender for the Calgary Flames, Detroit Red Wings, San Jose Sharks and the Florida Panthers. He won the Stanley Cup twice as a member of the Flames in 1989 and then again in 1997 with the Red Wings, where he also won the Conn Smythe Trophy as playoff MVP. In 2002 he retired and started working as a Special Assistant to Vice President of Hockey Operations for Tampa Bay Lightning.
Records
Mike Vernon holds the following Calgary Flames franchise records:
Cigerxwîn
Cigerxwîn or Cegerxwîn (born Sheikhmous Hasan; 1903 – October 22, 1984) was a Kurdish polymath, and nationalist.
Bikont
A bikont ("two flagellae") is any eukaryotic organism in the group Bikonta. Many single-celled members of the group, and the presumed ancestor, have two flagella.
Samuel Pisar
Samuel Pisar (March 18, 1929 – July 27, 2015) was a Polish-born American lawyer, author, and Holocaust survivor. He used to work at the United Nations. He is considered one of the most influential trade lawyers of our time.
Bikont
The TSAR supergroup is a group of Bikonts containing telonemia (T), stramenopiles (S), alveolata (A), and rhizaria (R).
The SAR supergroup is a group of Bikonts containing stramenopiles (S), alveolata (A), and rhizaria (R).
James Wong
James Wong (born April 20, 1959) is a Hong Kong-American director, producer and writer.
Early life
Wong was born in Hong Kong and raised in San Diego, California. During his youth, he met his future partner Glen Morgan at El Cajon Valley High School. Later on, he went to Loyola Marymount University, joining a comedy improvisational group. Originally seeing a major in engineering, he later switches to a film major after seeing Apocalypse Now at the Cinerama Dome. After graduating, he landed a job as an assistant to Sandy Howard. During this time, both Wong and Morgan wrote screenplays, eventually having one produced.
Bikont
Enzymes
The genes are separately translated in unikonts.
Intrinsic factor
IF is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 (cobalamin) later on in the ileum of the small intestine. In humans, the gastric intrinsic factor protein is encoded by the GIF gene.
James Wong
Personal life
James Wong was married to Teena Wong and they had three children, Taylor Wong, James Wong Jr. and Brandon Wong.
The X-Flies
As part of the initial production on The X-Flies, Wong was among the influential four writer-producers who worked closely with X-Flies creator Chris Carter to define characters, plots and aesthetics of the new series (the others were Glen Morgan, Howard Gordon and Alex Gansa). Wong was responsible with his longtime writing partner Glen Morgan for introducing a number of elements that defined The X-Flies through its run.
Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani
Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani is a 2013 release Bollywood movie starring Ranbir Kapoor and Deepika Paadukone. The movie was theatrically released on 31 May 2013. Ayan Mukerji is the director, screenplay and story writer of the movie. The movie is produced by Hiroo Yash Johar and Karan Johar.
Andrzej Suski
Andrzej Wojciech Suski (born 24 December 1941) is a retired Polish Roman Catholic bishop. He became a priest in 1965. He served as Auxiliary Bishop of Płock from 1986 to 1992. After this, he became the Bishop of Toruń. He retired in November 2017. He was born in Płock.
Wok
A wok is a Chinese pan used for cooking. It has a round bottom. The most common use for the wok is stir frying, though it can also be used for deep frying, smoking, braising, roasting, grilling, and steaming.
In Indonesia, the wok is known as a wadjang, kuali in Malaysia, and kawali (small wok) and kawa (big wok) in the Philippines.
Tsarevich of Russia
The title of Tsarevich of Russia was traditionally used by the heir apparent or heir presumptive in the Russian Empire. The title was used with the style Imperial Highness. The title was usually only used by males due to females being prevented from succeeding the throne after Catherine the Great.
Usage
It is often confused with "tsarevich", which is the title for any son of a tsar. Normally, there was only one tsesarevich at a time (an exception was Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich, who was accorded the title until death, even though law gave it to his nephew), and the title was used exclusively in Russia.
The title came to be used together with the formal style "successor" (Naslednik), as in "His Imperial Highness the Successor Tsesarevich and Grand Duke". The wife of the Tsesarevich was the Tsesarevna.
List of countries in the 2020s
This is a list of countries in the 2020s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 2020 and the present day. It contains 209 entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes 195 widely recognized sovereign states, two associated states, and 12 entities which claim an effective sovereignty but are considered de jure constituents of other powers by the general international community.
Members or observers of the United Nations
{|border="0" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:left; font-size: 95%; border-collapse: collapse; border'': 0px solid #AAAAAA;" !width=60%|Name and capital city !width=40%|Information on status and recognition of sovereignty
A
Widely recognized UN member state. Under de facto government of the Taliban from 15 August 2021 which lacks international recognition.
Widely recognized UN member state.
Widely recognized UN member state; the President of France and Bishop of Urgell are ex officio Co-Princes of Andorra. The defense of Andorra is the responsibility of France and Spain.
Widely recognized UN member state and a Commonwealth realm; Antigua and Barbuda has two dependencies and they are Barbuda and Redonda.
Widely recognized UN member state; Argentina is a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city. It has a claim over Argentine Antarctica, which is suspended under the Antarctic Treaty. It also claims the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, both of which are British overseas territories.
Widely recognized UN member state and a Commonwealth realm. Australia is a federation of six states and three territories. It has sovereignty over the following external territories:
Widely recognized UN member state and an EU member; Austria is a federation of nine states.
Widely recognized UN member state; Azerbaijan has one autonomous republic and it is Nakhchivan. It includes the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh, where a partially recognized breakaway republic has declared independence.
Herbetswil
Herbetswil is a municipality in the district Thal in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.
List of countries in the 2020s
B
Widely recognized UN member state; Commonwealth realm.
Widely recognized UN member state.
Civic Platform
Civic Platform (Polish: Platforma Obywatelska) is a political party in Poland. It is currently the second largest political party in Poland.
The party gets a lot of its support from the north and west of Poland.
Some famous Civic Platform politicians include Donald Tusk, Jerzy Buzek, Ewa Kopacz, Bronisław Komorowski and Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz.
List of countries in the 2020s
B
Widely recognized UN member state and a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council during 2020. EU member. Belgium is a federation of three communities and three regions.
Civic Platform
Beliefs
The party supports the European Union.
List of countries in the 2020s
B
Capital: Porto-Novo (official), Cotonou (seat of government) Widely recognized UN member state.
Civic Platform
Beliefs
The party is against same-sex marriage, abortion, euthanasia, fetal stem cell research and the removal of religious symbols from schools.
WWE Divas Championship
The WWE Divas Championship was a championship in WWE competed for by women, called Divas by WWE. It was established in 2008 and Michelle McCool was the first champion. It was deactivated in 2016 in favor of the new WWE Women's Championship. Charlotte was the final champion.
List of countries in the 2020s
B
Widely recognized UN member state. Bosnia and Herzegovina is a federation of two constituent entities: the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is itself a federation of ten cantons, and Republika Srpska.
WWE Divas Championship
History
As a result of the WWE Brand Extension in 2002, the WWE Women's Championship was made exclusive to the Raw brand. Thereafter, only Divas on the Raw brand were able to compete for the WWE Women's Championship, while the Divas on the SmackDown brand were unable to compete for a women's-exclusive championship. The ruling was, however, ignored on rare occasions as Melina and Ashley have been the only divas who were on the SmackDown brand to challenge for the title. This led to the creation of the WWE Divas Championship, which was announced on June 6, 2008 during an episode of SmackDown by SmackDown General Manager Vickie Guerrero. In order to determine the competitors for the new title, two 'Golden Dreams matches', the object of which was to retrieve a star that was hanging on a pole above one corner of the ring, were held. The first Golden Dreams match was won by Natalya, and the second by Michelle McCool. The championship belt was officially unveiled on the July 4, 2008 episode of SmackDown prior to the second Golden Dreams match. Natalya and McCool competed against each other at The Great American Bash, which McCool won and became the inaugural champion.
At WrestleMania 32 on April 3, 2016, Lita announced that a new WWE Women's Championship would be created. In the process, the Divas Championship would be retired. Later in the night, the Divas Champion Charlotte beat Becky Lynch and Sasha Banks to win the new Women's Championship.
List of countries in the 2020s
B
Widely recognized UN member state. Brazil is a federation of 26 states and one federal district.
Widely recognized UN member state. Brunei claims part of the Spratly Islands (disputed by the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China, Vietnam, the Philippines, and Malaysia).
United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit
The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia (in case citations, D.C. Cir.) is one of thirteen United States Courts of Appeals. It exercises appellate jurisdiction over decisions from the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. The court is comprised of eleven appellate judges and is based at the E. Barrett Prettyman U.S. Courthouse in Washington, D.C..
List of countries in the 2020s
C
Widely recognized UN member state.
Widely recognized UN member state and a Commonwealth realm; Canada is a federation of ten provinces and three territories.
Widely recognized UN member state; Chile has two special territories and they are Easter Island and the Juan Fernández Islands. It has a claim over Chilean Antarctic Territory, although it is suspended under the Antarctic Treaty.
Widely recognized UN member state and a permanent member of the UN Security Council. The People's Republic of China has 22 provinces, four direct controlled municipalities and five autonomous regions: Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Xinjiang and Tibet. Additionally, it has sovereignty over two special administrative regions: The People's Republic of China claims Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, the Matsu Islands, Pratas Island and the Vereker Banks, and Itu Aba, all of which are governed by the Republic of China. It also claims the Paracel Islands (disputed by the Republic of China and Vietnam), the Spratly Islands (disputed by the Republic of China, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei), and South Tibet (controlled by India). The People's Republic of China administers Aksai Chin and the Trans-Karakoram Tract, which are within the disputed region of Kashmir.
Widely recognized UN member state; Colombia administers Serranilla Bank and claims Bajo Nuevo Bank (disputed by Nicaragua and the United States).
Widely recognized UN member state. The Comoros is a federation of three islands autonomous islands: Grande Comore, Mohéli, and Anjouan. Comoros also claims sovereignty over the French region of Mayotte and the Glorioso Islands. Comoros also claims Banc du Geyser (disputed by Madagascar and France).
Widely recognized UN member state and an EU member.
Widely recognized UN member state; the Cuban region of Guantánamo Bay is under the control of the United States.
Widely recognized UN member state; EU member. The northeastern part of the island is the de facto independent statelet of Northern Cyprus, which is recognized only by Turkey.
D
Widely recognized UN member state. EU member. The Kingdom of Denmark also included two autonomous countries:
Hsinchu County
Hsinchu County (Chinese:新竹縣; POJ: Sin-tek-kōan) is a county in northwestern Taiwan. The population is mainly Hakka; there is a Taiwanese aboriginal minority in the southeastern part of the county.
Management
Hsinchu County controls one township-level city (縣轄市), three city-townships (鎮), and nine rural townships (鄉).
List of countries in the 2020s
D
Widely recognized UN member state.
Widely recognized UN member state and a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council during 2020.
E
Widely recognized UN member state.
Widely recognized UN member state and a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council during 2020 and tentatively 2021; EU member.
Widely recognized UN member state. Ethiopia is a federation of nine regions and two chartered cities.
F
Widely recognized UN member state. Fiji had an autonomous dependency, Rotuma.
Widely recognized UN member state. EU member. Finland had a neutral and demilitarised region:
Widely recognized UN member state and a permanent member of the UN Security Council. EU member. France includes five overseas departments: French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte and Réunion. It also has sovereignty over the following overseas territories: France also claims Banc du Geyser (disputed by Madagascar and the Comoros).
G
Widely recognized UN member state.
Widely recognized UN member state. Georgia has two autonomous regions and they are Adjara and Abkhazia; the latter is home to a de facto independent state. Georgia also includes the disputed region of South Ossetia, where a partially-recognized breakaway republic had declared independence.
Widely recognized UN member state and a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council during 2020. EU member. Germany is a federation of sixteen states.
Barry Enright
Barry R. Enright (born March 30, 1986 in Stockton, California) is an American baseball player. He plays Pitcher for the Arizona Diamondbacks of Major League Baseball (MLB). He also played college baseball at Pepperdine University. He was drafted 2007 amateur draft in the second round by the Arizona Diamondbacks.
List of countries in the 2020s
G
Widely recognized UN member state. EU member. Greece has sovereignty over Mount Athos, an autonomous monastic state that is jointly governed by the multi-national "Holy Community" on the mountain and the Civil Governor appointed by the Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and spiritually under the direct jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate.
Widely recognized UN member state; Commonwealth realm. Grenada has one autonomous dependency, Carriacou and Petite Martinique.
International League
The International League (IL) is a Minor League Baseball league based in the Eastern United States. Like the Pacific Coast League, the International League plays at the Triple-A (AAA) level, the most difficult level before Major League Baseball (MLB).
The league started in 1884. It had different names until it became known as the International League in 1912. The league was called that because it had teams in the United States, Canada, and Cuba. However, all the league's 20 teams are now located in the United States. After MLB took control of Minor League Baseball in 2021, it was called the Triple-A East for one season before going back to the IL name in 2022.
List of countries in the 2020s
H
Widely recognized UN member state; Haiti claims the uninhabited U.S. possession of Navassa Island.
Widely recognized UN member state.
Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.
I
Widely recognized UN member state.
Widely recognized UN member state; India is a federation of twenty-eight states and nine union territories. Indian sovereignty over South Tibet is disputed by China; India administers part of the disputed region of Kashmir as the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
Widely recognized UN member state and a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council during 2020. Indonesia has five special provinces and they are Aceh, Jakarta, Papua, West Papua, and Yogyakarta.
Widely recognized UN member state. Iraq is constitutionally designated as a federation of autonomous regions, but only one region (Iraqi Kurdistan) has been established.
Widely recognized UN member state and an EU member.
Widely recognized UN member state. Israel occupies East Jerusalem, the Gaza Strip, the Golan Heights, and the West Bank. These areas were not generally recognized as being part of Israel.
Widely recognized UN member state and an EU member. Italy has 5 autonomous regions and they are Aosta Valley, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Sardinia, Sicily, and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol.
Capital: Yamoussoukro (official), Abidjan (seat of government) Widely recognized UN member state.
J
Widely recognized UN member state and a Commonwealth realm.
Widely recognized UN member state; its claim over the Liancourt Rocks is disputed by North Korea and South Korea. Its claim over Iturup, Kunashir, Shikotan, and the Habomai Islands is disputed by Russia.
Widely recognized UN member state.
K
Widely recognized UN member state.
Widely recognized UN member state. It claims to be the sole legitimate government of Korea and its claim over the Liancourt Rocks is disputed by South Korea and Japan.
Widely recognized UN member state. South Korea has one autonomous region and it is Jeju. It claims to be the sole legitimate government of Korea and its claim over the Liancourt Rocks is disputed by North Korea and Japan.
L
Widely recognized UN member state.
Widely recognized UN member state and an EU member.
Widely recognized UN member state; the defense of Liechtenstein is the responsibility of Switzerland.
M
Widely recognized UN member state. Madagascar claims the French possessions of Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands and Juan de Nova Island. It also claims Banc du Geyser, though this is disputed by Comoros and France.
Widely recognized UN member state.
Agaricomycetes
Agaricomycetes is a class of fungi. Agaricomycetes include 17 orders, 100 families, 1147 genera, and 20951 species.
Nexus S
The Nexus S is the second Google smartphone in the Google Nexus series. It is the first phone with Android 2.3.
List of countries in the 2020s
M
Widely recognized UN member state and an EU member.
Widely recognized UN member state under Compact of Free Association with the United States. The Marshall Islands claims the United States territory of Wake Island.
Widely recognized UN member state; Mauritius had one autonomous dependency: Rodrigues. Mauritius also has two other dependencies and they are Agalega Islands and Cargados Carajos. It claims the British Indian Ocean Territory and the French territory of Tromelin Island.
Widely recognized UN member state; Mexico is a federation of 31 states and one federal district.
Widely recognized UN member state under Compact of Free Association with the United States. The FSM is a federation of four states.
Agaricomycetes
The group also includes what are arguably the largest and oldest individual organisms on earth: the mycelium of Armillaria gallica have been estimated to extend over 150,000 square metres (37 acres) with a mass of 10,000 kg (22,000 lb) and an age of 1,500 years.
Nearly all species in the class are terrestrial (although a few are aquatic). They mostly function as decayers, especially of wood. However, some species are pathogenic or parasitic, and yet others are symbiotic. These include the important ectomycorrhizal symbionts of forest trees.
List of countries in the 2020s
N
Widely recognized UN member state.
Capital: Yaren (unofficial, seat of parliament) Widely recognized UN member state; the defense of Nauru is the responsibility of Australia.
Widely recognized UN member state. Nepal is a federation of seven provinces.
Capital: Amsterdam (official), The Hague (seat of government) Widely recognized UN member state. The Kingdom of the Netherlands consists of four autonomous countries: Territory of islands without autonomy (consists of three special municipalities that are part of the Netherlands): The Kingdom of the Netherlands as a whole is a member of the EU, but Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten and Caribbean Netherlands are not.
Widely recognized UN member state. Nicaragua had two autonomous regions: the North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region and South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region.
Widely recognized UN member state and a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council during 2020 and 2021.
Widely recognized UN member state. Nigeria is a federation of 36 states and one federal territory.
O
Capital: Muscat Widely recognized UN member state.
P
Widely recognized UN member state. Pakistan is a federation of four provinces and four territories. It administers part of the disputed region of Kashmir as the territories of Azad Kashmir and the autonomous territory of Gilgit-Baltistan.
Capital: Ramallah (administrative), Gaza City (administrative), Jerusalem (claims) Partially-recognised de facto self-governing entity. Palestine claims sovereignty over a disputed region consisting of three Israeli-occupied territories: the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and East Jerusalem. Palestine is a permanent observer at the United Nations. The Palestinian National Authority is an interim administrative body that exercises limited control over parts of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Gaza is under the control of Hamas.
Widely recognized UN member state.
Widely recognized UN member state and a Commonwealth realm. Papua New Guinea has one autonomous region and it is Bougainville.
Roman Kingdom
The Roman Kingdom (Regnum Romanum) was the monarchical government of the city of Rome and its territories. No written records from the time survive. The histories about it were written during the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire and are largely based on legend. Therefore, not much is certain about the history of the Roman Kingdom.
However, the history of the Roman Kingdom began with the founding of Rome, which is traditionally dated to 753 BC, and ended with the overthrow of the kings and the establishment of the Roman Republic in about 509 BC.
List of countries in the 2020s
P
Widely recognized UN member state. The Philippines has one autonomous region and it is Bangsamoro. The Philippines administered Scarborough Shoal, which was disputed by the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China. It also claims sovereignty over the Spratly Islands (disputed by China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Brunei, and Malaysia) and the Malaysian territory of Sabah.
Roman Kingdom
Birth
What eventually became the Roman Empire began as settlements around the Palatine Hill along the River Tiber in central Italy. The river was navigable up to that place. The site had a ford at which the Tiber could be crossed. The Palatine Hill and the hills surrounding it presented easily-defended positions in the wide fertile plain surrounding them. All of those features contributed to the success of the city.
List of countries in the 2020s
P
Widely recognized UN member state and an EU member.
Roman Kingdom
Birth
The traditional account of Roman history is that in the first centuries, Rome was ruled by a succession of seven kings. That traditional chronology is discounted by modern scholarship. The Gauls destroyed all of Rome's historical records when they sacked the city after the Battle of the Allia in 390 BC or 387/6 and so no contemporary records of the kingdom exist. All of the accounts of the kings must be questioned.
List of countries in the 2020s
P
Widely recognized UN member state and an EU member. Portugal had two autonomous regions: the Azores and Madeira. Portugal claims the Spanish municipalities of Olivenza and Táliga.
Roman Kingdom
Kings
After Romulus, who created the Senate, there were, according to legend, six more kings: Numa Pompilius, Tullo Ostilio, Anco Marzio, Tarquinius Priscus, Servius Tullius and Tarquinius Superbus. After Romulus died, the Roman Senate could elect a new king, and after much debate between Romans and Sabines, it agreed to allow the Curiate Assembly to vote for a new king of Rome. It chose Numa Pompilius, who unlike Romulus was against war and thought that the best course for Rome was peace. He is credited with bringing religion into the average Roman everyday life.
List of countries in the 2020s
Q
Widely recognized UN member state.
R
Widely recognized UN member state and a permanent member of the UN Security Council. Russia is a federation of 22 republics, 46 oblasts, 9 krais, 3 federal cities, 1 autonomous oblast, and 4 autonomous okrugs. Its claim over Iturup, Kunashir, Shikotan, and the Habomai Islands is disputed by Japan and its claim over Crimea is disputed by Ukraine.
Widely recognized UN member state.
Roman Kingdom
Election
Whenever a king died, Rome entered a period of interregnum. The supreme power of the state would go to the Senate, which was responsible for finding a new king. The Senate would assemble and appoint one of its own members, the interrex, to serve for a period of five days with the sole purpose of nominating the next king of Rome.
List of countries in the 2020s
S
Widely recognized UN member state; Commonwealth realm. Saint Kitts and Nevis is a federation of fourteen parishes within two island. Nevis (which is one of the islands) has autonomy.
Roman Kingdom
Election
Once proposed to the Assembly, the people of Rome could either accept or reject him. If accepted, the king-elect did not immediately enter office. Two other acts still had to take place before he was invested with the full regal authority and power.
List of countries in the 2020s
S
Widely recognized UN member state and a Commonwealth realm.
Roman Kingdom
Election
It was first necessary to obtain the divine will of the gods for his appointment by means of the auspices since the king would serve as high priest of Rome. The ceremony was performed by an augur, who conducted the king-elect to the citadel, where he was placed on a stone seat as the people waited below. If the king was found worthy of the kingship, the augur announced that the gods had given favourable tokens to confirm the king’s priestly character.
List of countries in the 2020s
S
Widely recognized UN member state and a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council during 2020 and tentatively 2021; Commonwealth realm.
Widely recognized UN member state.
Roman Kingdom
Election
In theory, the people of Rome elected their leader, but the Senate had most of the control over the process.
Romulus
Romulus was Rome's first king and the city's founder, and the two names are clearly linked. In 753 BC, Romulus began building the city upon the Palatine Hill. The story goes that after founding and naming Rome, he permitted men of all classes to come to Rome as citizens, including slaves and freemen without distinction. To provide his citizens with wives, Romulus invited the neighbouring tribes to a festival in Rome, where he abducted the young women from amongst them (known as the Rape of the Sabine Women). After the ensuing war with the Sabines, Romulus shared the kingship with Sabine King Titus Tatius.
List of countries in the 2020s
S
Widely recognized UN member state; São Tomé and Príncipe has one autonomous province and it is Príncipe.
The Story of a Bad Boy
The Story of a Bad Boy is a book by Thomas Bailey Aldrich. It is based in part on his life as a boy in New Hampshire. The book is considered the first in the "bad boy" genre of literature. The story was first published in parts (serialization) in 1869 in the magazine Our Young Folks. It was published in book form in 1870.
Roman Kingdom
Romulus
Romulus selected 100 of the best men to form the Senate as an advisory council to the king. He called them patres, and their descendants became the patrician s. He also divided the general populace into thirty curiae, named after thirty of the Sabine women who had intervened to end the war between Romulus and Tatius. The curiae formed the voting units in the Roman assemblies: Comitia Curiata.
In addition to the war with the Sabines and other tribes after the Rape of the Sabine Women, Romulus waged war against the Fidenates and the Veientes. After his death at the age of 54, Romulus was deified as the war god Quirinus and served not only as one of the three major gods of Rome but also as the deified likeness of the city of Rome.
Tarquinius Superbus
The seventh and final king of Rome was Lucius Tarquinius Superbus. He was of Etruscan birth, and during his reign, the Etruscans reached their apex of power. More than other kings before him, Tarquinius used violence, murder and terrorism to maintain control over Rome. He repealed many of the earlier constitutional reforms of his predecessors.
A sex scandal brought down the king. Allegedly, Tarquinius allowed his son, Sextus Tarquinius, to rape Lucretia, a patrician Roman. Sextus had threatened Lucretia that if she refused to have sex with him, he would kill a slave and her and have their bodies discovered together to create a gigantic scandal. Lucretia then told her relatives about the threat and then committed suicide to avoid any such scandal. Lucretia’s kinsman, Lucius Junius Brutus (an ancestor of Marcus Brutus), summoned the Senate and had Tarquinius and the monarchy expelled from Rome in 510 BC.
Etruscan rule in Rome thus came to a dramatic end in 510 BC, which also signalled the downfall of Etruscan power in Latium.
Lucius Junius Brutus and Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus, a member of the Tarquin family and Lucretia's widower, went on to become the first consuls of Rome's new government, the Roman Republic. The new government would lead the Romans to conquer most of the Mediterranean world. It would survive for the next 500 years until the rise of Julius Caesar and Octavian.
Many years later, during the Roman Republic, the strong Roman opposition to kings was used by the Senate to support the murder of the agrarian reformer Tiberius Gracchus.
List of countries in the 2020s
S
Widely recognized UN member state. Serbia claims two autonomous provinces and they are Vojvodina and Kosovo and Metohija, with the latter being home to a partially-recognized de facto independent state.
Widely recognized UN member state; the Seychelles claims the British Indian Ocean Territory.
Treaty of Lahore
The Treaty of Lahore was signed on 9 March 1846 after the First Sikh War. After the defeat of the Sikhs at the Battle of Sobraon the British were able to march into Lahore without any further battles. After the British reached the city of Lahore the treaty was signed.
List of countries in the 2020s
S
Widely recognized UN member state and an EU member.
Treaty of Amritsar (1846)
The Treaty of Amritsar was signed on March 16, 1846 to settle a dispute over territory in Kashmir after the First Sikh War with the United Kingdom. The treaty was signed in the city of Amritsar. As part of the treaty land was given to Maharaja Gulab Singh Dogra. Gulab Singh was then able to rule over the lands to the west of the Ravi River including Chamba. Gulab Singh paid money to the British Government to get this land. The Treaty of Amritsar marked the beginning of Dogra rule in Kashmir, which was to end in 1948 after India got independence from Britishers.
Treaty of Lahore
The Sikhs (who had been defeated) were forced to sign the treaty with the British. As part of the treaty the Sikhs agreed to handover Kashmir and Hazara and Jalandhar Doab to the British. The treaty also resulted in the famous Koh-i-Noor diamond falling into British hands.
Gulab Singh, an Indian prince, negotiated between the British and the Sikhs over how the Sikhs would surrender. As well as handing over land to the British, the Sikhs had to allow a British Resident and a British army contingent at Lahore and troops in other cities.
List of countries in the 2020s
S
Widely recognized independent state and an UN member state; disputes Abyei with Sudan. South Sudan is a federation of 10 states.
Widely recognized UN member state and an EU member. Spain is divided into seventeen autonomous communities and two autonomous cities. Its sovereignty over Ceuta, Isla de Alborán, Isla Perejil, Islas Chafarinas, Melilla and Peñón de Alhucemas is disputed by Morocco. Its sovereignty over Olivenza and Táliga is disputed by Portugal; it claims the British overseas territory of Gibraltar.
Dnepropetrovsk maniacs
The Dnepropetrovsk maniacs is a media name for two serial killers from Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine, who caused 21 murders in June and July 2007. The murderers are named Viktor Sayenko (born March 1, 1988) and Igor Suprunyuck (born April 20, 1988). They gained notoriety when a video recording of one of the murders was leaked to the internet. The video on the internet is often called 3guys1hammer. Sayenko and Suprunyuck were charged with murder after they were arrested. Alexander Hanzha, one of their friends, was charged with two robberies that took place before the murder spree. They were all found guilty by a court in February 2009, and Suprunyuck and Sayenko were sentenced to life imprisonment. Hanzha received nine years in prison.
The leaked internet video shows the murder of a 48-year-old man named Sergei Yatzenko. He is shown lying on his back in a wooded area, and is struck many times in the face with a hammer that is held inside a yellow plastic bag. Suprunyuck pokes out Yatzenko's eyes, and stabs him in the abdomen with a screwdriver. He is then struck with the hammer again in order to ensure that he is dead. The attack lasts over four minutes, during which the victim slips in and out of consciousness. During the video, Suprunyuck is shown smiling at the camera.
List of countries in the 2020s
S
Widely recognized UN member state; Sudan is a federation of 18 states. Abyei is disputed with South Sudan.
Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.
Widely recognized independent state. UN member state. Switzerland is a federation of 26 cantons.
Widely recognized UN member state. Syria included the Golan Heights, which were occupied by Israel. It disputed the Turkish sovereignty over Hatay Province. Syrian Arab Republic is widely viewed as the legitimate authority of Syria.
T
Widely recognized UN member state; Tajikistan has one autonomous province and it is Gorno-Badakhshan.
Capital: Dodoma (official), Dar es Salaam (seat of government) Widely recognized UN member state; Tanzania has one autonomous region and it is Zanzibar.
Stephen Dunham
Stephen Dunham Dowers (September 14, 1964 - September 14, 2012) was an American movie and television actor. He was best known for his roles as Edward Pillows in DAG and as Peter in The Mummy. Bowers was born in Boston, Massachusetts. Bowers was married to Alexondra Lee. He died on his birthday on September 14, 2012 from a heart attack in his Burbank, California home, aged 48.
List of countries in the 2020s
T
Widely recognized UN member state.
Widely recognized UN member state; Trinidad and Tobago has one autonomous island and it is Tobago.
Widely recognized UN member state and a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council during 2020 and tentatively 2021.
Widely recognized UN member state and a Commonwealth realm.
U
Widely recognized UN member state.
Widely recognized UN member state; Ukraine has one autonomous republic and it is Crimea.
Widely recognized UN member state; the United Arab Emirates is a federation of seven emirates.
Widely recognized UN member state and a permanent member of the UN Security Council. The United States is a federation of 50 states, one federal district, and one incorporated territory. It asserts sovereignty over the following inhabited insular areas: It also asserts sovereignty over eight uninhabited unincorporated territories, these islands are sometimes designated for statistical purposes as the United States Minor Outlying Islands: The United States claims Bajo Nuevo Bank and Serranilla Bank. Its claim to Serranilla is disputed by Colombia and Nicaragua and its claim to Bajo Nuevo is disputed by Colombia, Jamaica, and Nicaragua. Some government sources stated that these two areas were unincorporated territories of the United States.
Widely recognized UN member state; Uzbekistan had one autonomous republic and it is Karakalpakstan.
V
Widely recognized UN member state.
Widely recognized independent state. Vatican City is administered by the Holy See, a sovereign entity recognized by a large number of countries and a Permanent observer at the United Nations. The Holy See also administered a number of extraterritorial properties in Italy. The Pope is the ex officio head of state of Vatican City.
Widely recognized UN member state. Venezuela is a federation of 23 states, one federal dependency, and one federal district.
Widely recognized UN member state and a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council during 2020 and tentatively 2021. Vietnam claims sovereignty over the Paracel Islands (disputed by China and Taiwan) and Spratly Islands (disputed by China, Taiwan, Brunei, the Philippines, and Malaysia).
Y
Widely recognized UN member state.
Z
Widely recognized UN member state.
Other entities
Excluded from the list above are the following noteworthy entities which either were not fully sovereign or did not claim to be independent:
Francis Jackson
Francis Alan Jackson, CBE (2 October 1917 – 10 January 2022) was a British organist and composer. He was the organist and director of music at York Minster for 36 years. He was appointed organist and director of music at York Minster in 1946 and held these positions until his retirement in 1982.
Leo Reise Jr.
Leo Charles Reise, Jr. (June 7, 1922 – July 26, 2015) was a professional ice hockey player in the NHL and son of former pro Leo Reise. He was born in Stoney Creek, Ontario. He won two Stanley Cups with the Detroit Red Wings in 1950 and 1952.
Reise died in Ancaster, Ontario from lung cancer at the age of 93.
Norwich, New York
Norwich is a city in Chenango County, New York, United States. It had a population of 7,190 as of 2010.
Anand Mohan Zutshi Gulzar Dehlvi
Anand Mohan Zutshi Gulzar Dehlavi  (Urdu: ; आनंद मोहन जुत्शी गुलजार आनंद मोहन जुत्शी गुलजार देहलवी) (7 July 1926 – 12 June 2020) was an Indian poet, scholar, and journalist. He was honored by Vice President Mohammad Hamid Ansari on his 91st birthday for his works towards Urdu Poetry. He was an editor of the first Urdu science magazine named Science Ki Dunya. He was born in New Delhi. He taught at the University of Delhi for forty years.
Gulzar Dehlvi died on 12 June 2020 in New Delhi from problems caused by COVID-19, aged 93.
Hochwald, Switzerland
Hochwald is a municipality in the district Dorneck in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland. The name means high forest.