cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Neve Campbell
Neve Adrianne Campbell (born October 3, 1973) is a Canadian actress. She is best known for her role as Sidney Prescott in the horror film series Scream. She got her start appearing in the Canadian television series Catwalk (1992), before she played Julia Salinger in the American drama series Party of Five (1994–2000). She has starred in many films, such as The Craft (1996), Wild Things (1998), Panic (2000), The Company (2003), and Skyscraper (2018). Campbell also starred as LeAnn Harvey in the Netflix drama series House of Cards (2016–2017).
Panionios F.C
Panionios is a Greek football club. It was founded in 1890 in Smyrni, Turkey by Greek people who lived there. During the Greek-Turkish war in 1922 the Greek people left from there and they went to Greece. So, the club came to Greece to the Athenian suburb Nea Smyrni. The colours of the club are red and blue. Panionios has won two Greek cups.
Ayelet Zurer
Ayelet Zurer (born 28 June 1969) is an Israeli actress. She is known for her roles in Angels & Demons, Fugitive Pieces, and in Man of Steel. She was bron in Tel Aviv.
Zurer was born to a Jewish family. She has been married to Gilad Londovski since 2003. They had one child.
Slender loris
The slender loris is a nocturnal hunter. It moves slowly through trees and grips branches tightly with its opposable thumbs and toes. When it attacks prey it goes closer and then snatches it with both hands.
Description
The slender loris is about the size of a squirrel, and has small finger nails. It has two brown eyes, and has white fur on its chest.
Habits
The slender loris usually spends its time on trees. They like to groom and wrestle with each other.
History
Native people thought that the slender lorises had magical powers. It is not clear how many slender lorises survive in the wild.
Chuck Connors
Chuck Connors (April 10, 1921 – November 10, 1992) was an American actor, and athlete.
Connors died in 1992 in Los Angeles at Cedars Sinai Medical Center. The cause of death was lung cancer and pneumonia. He was 71 year old.
Sports
In his early years he was a basketball and baseball player, playing for teams such as the Boston Celtics. Then he was a baseball player, where he started playing in the minor leagues. In 1949, he debuted at the Los Angeles Dodgers, playing only one match for them. On the Chicago Cubs, he playing 66 games at first base.
Actor career
Chuck Connors did both low-budget movies and big Hollywood productions. These included South Sea Woman (1953), with Burt Lancaster, and directed by Arthur Lubin, and William Wyler's western, The Big Country (1958), with Gregory Peck.
Among his best performances is the Indian warrior Geronimo, in Geronimo (1962). Other classic movies he was in are Flipper (1963), Captain Nemo and the Underwater City (1969), Soylent Green (1973), with Charlton Heston, and directed by Richard Fleischer, 99 44/100% Dead (1974).
Television
His television career was very successful. he is remembered for playing the role of a widower Lucas McCain, in the ABC series The Rifleman (1958-1962). The Rifleman told the story of a widower and his son who live on a ranch in the Wild West. Connors played the role of Lucas McCain in 168 episodes of the series.
He also starred in a crime series Arrest and Trial (1962-1964), as attorney John Egan, and the adventure series Cowboy in Africa (1967-1968).
Bricherhaff
Bricherhaff (German:Brücherhof/Bruecherhof, Luxembourgish:Brucherhoff) is a Lieu-dit and Farmstead in the Commune of Contern in Luxembourg. It is on a slip road 150 metres long off of the CR132 main road. Bricherhaff is located atop the Syre River and is directly east of the Bruecherbesch which is named after it. It is also directly west of Brichermillen which is owned by the same person.
Etymology
The name Bricherhaff likely derives from the person who built and owned the area following it's construction. There are other places called Bricherhaff and Bricher or Brucher was a common surname at the time of the Lieu-dit's construction. Also "Haff" is Luxembourgish for Farm therefore the name likely meant "Bricher's Farm".
Community funds
Various Community Funds were distributed to Bricherhaff in the late 19th and early 20th Centuries.
James Whale
James Whale (22 July 1889 – 29 May 1957) was an English movie director, theatre director, and actor. He is best remembered for his horror movies. These include Frankenstein (1931), The Old Dark House (1932), The Invisible Man (1933) and Bride of Frankenstein (1935). He also directed the movie musical Show Boat (1936).
Bricherhaff
Later mentions
Bricherhaff stayed a small farmstead throughout the 20th century however was continually mentioned in newspapers and old documents. Bricherhaff was unaffected by World War I and In May 1923 it was a stopping point for the funeral tour of Mr Mathias Hemmen who died in Brichermillen. In February 1930 a Bricherhaff resident Bernard Lautwein was involved in illegal shooting and fined. In May of that same year, there was another similar incident. In Januaray 1931, Census data recorded the combined population of Bricherhaff and Brichermillen to be 30 and it was recorded and published by a local newspaper. x
James Whale
Whale was born into a large family. Early on, he discovered his artistic talent and studied art. With the outbreak of World War I, Whale joined the British Army. He became an officer. He was captured by the Germans. During his time as a prisoner of war, he became interested in theatre. After the war, he became an actor, set designer, and director. He moved to the United States to direct a Broadway play, and then moved to Hollywood to direct movies.
Bricherhaff
Demographics
In the 1931 Census the combined population of Bricherhaff and Brichermillen was 30 and the sinlged out population of Brichermillen was 17 therefore it had a population of 13.
Anna Christie
Anna Christie is a 1930 American romantic drama movie directed by Clarence Brown and was based on the 1921 play of the same name by Eugene O'Neill. It stars Greta Garbo, Charles Bickford, George F. Marion, Marie Dressler, Lee Phelps and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was nominated for 3 Academy Awards in 1930 and a German-language version was also made in the same year.
LGBT rights in Jordan
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals in Jordan face legal challenges and discrimination not experienced by non-LGBT persons. In the Ancient times of Jordan, according to traditional Biblical accounts, Jewish scriptures and Islamic jurisprudence interpretations was the first place in the world where the same-sex activity was recorded in recorded times of human history, the story told by prophet Lot. However, until recently, the International Day Against Transphobia and Biphobia in 2014 and 2015 in the Jordanian capital, Amman, was troubling, primarily for educational purposes and for the community to raise voice and discuss challenges. Events were being held. LG GTT in Jordan Many activists and members of the Jordanian society and LG GTT allies attended.
Criminal Law
In 1951, an analysis of Jordan's Surgical Code legalized the legalization of private, adult, non-commercial, and voluntary physical laws.
Jordan's penal code no longer allows family members to honour kill or maim any member of their family, which is interpreted as "Illegal" sexual intercourse in the whole family. By 2013, the newly revised Penal Code makes unlawful murder, unlawful killing legal.
In 1999, a Jordanian family living in the United States repeatedly murdered their adult daughter and found out she was gay.
Jordan was under the Ottoman Empire, where Homosexuality was condemned by the committee 75 years ago, but between 1922 and 1945 the country was ruled by a League of Nations. However, in 1951 the new nation legalized Homosexuality. The Jordanian government also tolerates a few cafes in Amman that are widely considered to be gay friendly. The revised edition in 2004 has a few provisions of direct impact on LGBT rights. First, the content ban on "sexual perversion" has been replaced with a general requirement that the press "respect the values of ... the Arab and Islamic nation" and that the press must also avoid encroaching into people's private lives.
Violet Evergarden
Violet Evergarden (ヴァイオレット・エヴァーガーデン) is a Japanese light novel series. It was written by Kana Akatsuki. The drawings in the book were drawn by Akiko Takase. It won the grand prize in the Kyoto Animation Award in 2014. This was for novels. This was the first time something had won a grand prize in the Kyoto Animation Award. Kyoto Animation released the first book on 25 December 2015. They released it under their KA Esuma Bunko company. An anime television series came out between January and April 2018. An original video animation episode came out in July 2018 and a movie will come out in January 2020.
Ronnie Van Zant
On October 20, 1977, Van Zant died in a plane crash. A plane was taking the band from South Carolina to Louisiana, but it ran out of fuel. He died when the plane hit the ground because of head injuries. He was 29 years old. People spent money to make the Ronnie Van Zant Memorial Park in Lake Asbury, Florida for him after he died.
Amazon rainforest
The Amazon rainforest is the largest rainforest in the world.
The forest is in a basin drained mainly by the Amazon River, with 1100 tributaries. It is a moist broadleaf forest which covers seven million square kilometers (1.7 billion acres). Of this, five and a half million square kilometers (1.4 billion acres) are covered by the rainforest.
This region includes territory from nine nations. Most of the forest is in Brazil, with 60% of the rainforest, followed by Peru with 13%, and Colombia with 10%. Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana have just a small amount of rainforest.
The Amazon has over half of the planet's rainforest area. It has many species of plants some include rosewood, mahogany and ebony. It is the largest and most species-rich tract of tropical rainforest in the world. The forest was formed at least 55 million years ago, in the Eocene period.
Biodiversity
Wet tropical forests are the most species-rich biome. Tropical forests in the Americas have more species than African and Asian wet forests.
More than one-third of all species in the world live in the Amazon rainforest. It is the richest tropical forest in the world in terms of biodiversity.
Conservation
More than a fifth of the Amazon rainforest has already been destroyed. The forest which remains is threatened. People who care for the environment warn about the loss of biodiversity. They also point out that releasing the carbon which is stored in the trees will increase global warming.
Environmentalists are concerned about loss of biodiversity due to the destruction of the forest. Also, the release of the carbon in the vegetation would accelerate global warming. Amazonian evergreen forests account for about 10% of the world's productivity on land and 10% of the carbon stores in ecosystems. of the order of 1.1 × 1011 metric tonnes of carbon. Amazonian forests are estimated to have accumulated 0.62 ± 0.37 tons of carbon per hectare per year between 1975 and 1996.
Some people have calculated that it may even pay to save the forest. They said that one hectare of Amazonian forest in Peru is worth about US$6280, if it is used to harvest fruits, latex and timber (wood). If all the wood is cut down for timber, it has a value of about US$1000. Obviously, this can only be done once; it is not sustainable. When the forest has been cleared, the hectare of land can be used as a pasture, and is worth about US$148. Not all people agree on the study; some have questioned the assumptions behind it.
The Brazilian Air Force has been using surveillance aircraft to monitor the forest. At a conference in 2004, scientists warned that the rainforest will no longer be able to absorb the millions of tons of greenhouse gases annually, as it usually does, because of the increased speed of rainforest destruction.
By 2018, about 17% of the Amazon rainforest had been destroyed. When 20–25% (3–8% more) is destroyed, the climate will change. It will flip to a non-forest ecosystem – degraded savannah. As their homelands continue to be destroyed by deforestation, rainforest peoples are also disappearing.
Rubber boom
Once the process of vulcanization was invented, companies began to make many kinds of new rubber products, such as boots and seals for machines. American and European companies began buying large amounts of latex from Brazil. This boom in Brazilian rubber began around 1870, but the need for automobile tires brought the greatest wealth to the new rubber producers.
Other rain forests have rubber trees, but Amazonia has by far the best. However, the trees could not be farmed on plantations because if they were next to each other, the insects would eat them. Therefore, people had to find the trees in the rain forest, cut slits in them, leave cups to collect the latex, and come back later to get it.
Thousands of people moved to the rain forest to work collecting rubber. Most of these people were hired by rich rubber merchants. The rubber merchants loaned them money to come down the river and buy tools. Each merchant’s collectors had to sell the rubber only to their rubber merchant at low prices and buy supplies only from them at high prices. That meant the collectors were always in debt to their merchant and could not leave to do something else. The rubber merchants quickly became very rich.
However, the rubber boom only lasted about forty years, ending by 1913. Some men had taken the seeds of the Amazon rubber trees and began growing them in the Asian rain forests. The trees grew well there, and they could be grown on plantations. The insects that could destroy them were in South America. So the price of rubber began to fall, and the rubber boom stopped.
Zwickauer Land Rural District
Zwickauer Land was a Landkreis (rural district) in the south-west of the Free State of Saxony, Germany. The independent city of Zwickau is in the middle of the district. It is nearly completely surrounded by the district. In July 2008, the city lost its right to administer itself, and become a city under the control of the district government.
The rural district was created on 1 August 1994. Its capital is Werdau. On January 1, 1999, the district was reorganised. Cainsdorf, Mosel, Oberrothenbach and Schlunzig were made a part of to Zwickau even though the people living in those towns wanted to stay independent.
Great Neck (village), New York
Great Neck is a village in the town of North Hempstead in Nassau County, New York, in the U.S.. As of the 2010 United States Census, the village population was 9,989.
Zwickauer Land Rural District
Geography
The district is located in the Ore Mountains (Erzgebirge), with the main rivers being the Zwickauer Mulde and the Pleiße.
Great Neck (village), New York
The Village of Great Neck is located at 40.80267°N, -73.73125°W.
Passaic County, New Jersey
Passaic County is a county in New Jersey, United States. It had a population of 524,118 in 2020. Its county seat is Paterson. Passaic County was created on February 7, 1837. It is near New York City. A city, Passaic, is named after the county.
Ursula K. Le Guin
Ursula Kroeber Le Guin (October 21, 1929 – January 22, 2018) was an American writer. She wrote books, poetry, children's books, essays, short stories, fantasy and science fiction. She was born and educated in California. She grew up in an academic home. Her parents were an anthropologist and a psychologist. Ideas from these two subjects are important in her writing. Le Guin spent most of her life in Portland, Oregon.
She was a very successful author. She won many awards. Other writers thought she was very creative. Le Guin was also very political. She mixed politics in her writing. She supported feminism and freedom. She was very interested in gender and sexuality. She also supported other writers.
Early life: California
Ursula K. Le Guin was born Ursula Kroeber in Berkeley, California, on October 21, 1929. Her father, Alfred Louis Kroeber (1876–1960), was an anthropologist at the University of California, Berkeley. Le Guin's mother, Theodora Kroeber (1897–1979; born Theodora Covel Kracaw), had a graduate degree in psychology. She started writing in her sixties and became a successful author. Her best known work was Ishi in Two Worlds (1961). This was a biography of Ishi, an indigenous American who was the last known member of the Yahi tribe.
Ursula had three older brothers: Karl, Theodore, and Clifton. The family had a large collection of books. Ursula and her brothers all liked to read when they were young. Le Guin read science fiction and fantasy. She and her brothers often read issues of Thrilling Wonder Stories and Astounding Science Fiction. She liked myths and legends. She especially liked Norse mythology and Native American legends that her father would tell her.
Many people visited the Kroeber family. Some of the visitors were well-known academics such as Robert Oppenheimer. Le Guin used Oppenheimer as the model for her lead character in The Dispossessed, a physicist named Shevek. The family lived in a summer home in the Napa valley and a house in Berkeley during the school year.
Education
Le Guin studied at Berkeley High School. She graduated with another student who became a famous science fiction author, Philip K. Dick. She received her Bachelor of Arts in Renaissance French and Italian literature from Radcliffe College in 1951. She was a member of the Phi Beta Kappa honor society. Le Guin then studied at Columbia University, and earned a Master of Arts in French in 1952. Soon after, she began a Ph.D. program. She won a Fulbright grant to continue her studies in France from 1953 to 1954. Later, Le Guin also received Fulbright grants to travel to London in 1968 and 1975.
France
Le Guin stayed at Hôtel de Seine while in Paris. Ursula met historian Charles Le Guin in 1953 while traveling to France on the Queen Mary,. Charles was also a Fulbright Scholar. They got married in Paris in December 1953. They returned to the United States in 1954.
Marriage and children
Le Guin said that getting married meant she had to stop studying for her doctorate degree. Le Guin worked while her husband finished his doctorate at Emory University in Georgia, and later at the University of Idaho. She taught French and worked as a secretary until her daughter Elisabeth was born in 1957. The couple had another daughter, Caroline, and a son, Theodore (born 1964).
Return to the West Coast: Portland
In 1959 Charles became a history instructor at Portland State University, so they moved to Portland, Oregon. He taught there for more than 35 years. They lived in Portland for the rest of their lives.
Writing life
She first wrote in the 1960s. She won many Hugo and Nebula awards. She won the Gandalf Award in 1979 and the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America Grand Master Award in 2003. She got eighteen Locus Awards, more than any other writer. Her book The Farthest Shore won the National Book Award for Children's Books in 1973.
Le Guin was the Professional Guest of Honor at the 1975 World Science Fiction Convention in Melbourne, Australia. She got the Library of Congress Living Legends award in the "Writers and Artists" area in April 2000 for her additions to America's cultural history. In 2004, Le Guin was the was given the Association for Library Service to Children's May Hill Arbuthnot Honor Lecture Award.
Zero-sum game
A zero-sum game is a term in game theory and economic theory.
Ursula K. Le Guin
Writing life
Her agent was Virgina Kidd.
Death
Le Guin died on January 22, 2018, at her home in Portland. She was 88 years old. Her son said that she had been sick for several months. He said that she probably had a heart attack. There was a private memorial service for her in Portland. There was also a public memorial service in June 2018. At this service, many writers gave speeches, including: Margaret Atwood, Molly Gloss, and Walidah Imarisha
Zero-sum game
It is a mathematical representation of a situation. Each individual's gain or loss of utility is exactly balanced by the losses or gains of the utility of the other participants. If the total gains of the participants are added up and the total losses are subtracted, they will add up to zero. So, cutting a cake is a zero-sum game.
Not so obvious, but essential, is how players (participants) value the cake. A zero-sum game exists if and only if all players value the cake equally (see marginal utility).
Ursula K. Le Guin
Political Freedom
In 1975, Le Guin won a Nebula Award for her story "The Diary of the Rose." She did not accept the award. This was a protest against the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America. The SFWA had recently canceled Stanisław Lem's membership in the group. Le Guin believed they kicked Lem out because he criticized American science fiction and chose to live in the Soviet Union, She said she could not take an award for a story about an unfree society from a writers' group that did not protect freedom.
Religion
Le Guin said she was did not learn any religion and was not taught to be religious as a child. But, she became very interested in Taoism and Buddhism. She said that Taoism was a tool to help her understand her life as a teenager and young adult. In 1997 she published a translation of the Tao Te Ching.
Early writing-1951-1968
Le Guin's first published work was in her fictional country called Orsinia. These were a poem and a short story. The poem, "Folksong from the Montayna Province," was published in 1959. The short story was "An die Musik", in 1961. Between 1951 and 1961 she also wrote five novels that all happened in Orsinia. But, publishers did not want them because they thought they were hard to read or understand. Some of her poetry from the 1950s was published in 1975 in a book called Wild Angels. Le Guin was rejected by many publishers. Then she turned to science fiction because she knew that clearly labeled SF would sell well. Her first professional SF publication was the short story "April in Paris" in 1962 in Fantastic Science Fiction. Seven more stories followed in the next few years, in Fantastic or Amazing Stories. One of them was "The Dowry of the Angyar", which introduced the fictional Hainish universe, Two more were "The Rule of Names" and "The Word of Unbinding". These introduced the world of Earthsea. Most critics ignored these stories.
Le Guin published her first novel in 1966. It was called Rocannon's World. Ace Books published it. Two more Hainish novels, Planet of Exile and City of Illusions were published in 1966 and 1967. These three books became the Hainish trilogy. The first two were each published as half of an "Ace Double": two novels bound into a paperback and sold as a single low-cost volume. City of Illusions was published as a standalone volume. Le Guin was getting greater name-recognition. Critics paid more attention to these books than to Le Guin's short stories. Several science fiction magazines reviewed them, but the critical response was still muted. The books had many themes and ideas also present in Le Guin's better known later works, including the "archetypal journey" of a protagonist who undertakes both a physical journey and one of self-discovery, cultural contact and communication, the search for identity, and the reconciliation of opposing forces.
Getting more attention
Le Guin's next two books in 1968 and 1969 brought her much more attention and praise. The Wizard of Earthsea in 1968 was a young adult fantasy novel. The Left Hand of Darkness in 1969 started her Hainish universe, explored sexuality, and won awards. These two books changed Le Guin's career and made her a major writer. The important critic Harold Bloom called A Wizard of Earthsea and The Left Hand of Darkness Le Guin's masterpieces.
Le Guin had not planned to write for young adults. But, the editor of Parnassus Press asked her to write a novel for young people. He thought they could sell many books to that group. He published A Wizard of Earthsea in 1968. It was a fantasy coming of age story for teenagers. In the book, Le Guin created a fictional archipelago called Earthsea. She also created the first wizarding school. Readers and reviewers in the US and the UK liked the book very much.
Her next novel was The Left Hand of Darkness in 1969 and showed the strength of her writing and won awards. It was in her Hainish universe on a fictional planet where humans sex changes. Le Guin explored experiences of gender and sexuality. The book was Le Guin's first about feminist issues. The book shocked and surprised science fiction critics. It won both the Hugo and the Nebula Awards for best novel. Le Guin was the first woman to win these awards.
For the next couple of years in the 1970s, Le Guin continued and extended the work she had started. Le Guin continued to develop themes of equilibrium and coming-of-age in the next two installments of the Earthsea series, The Tombs of Atuan and The Farthest Shore, published in 1971 and 1972. Both books were praised for their writing, while the exploration of death as a theme in The Farthest Shore also got praise.
Her 1974 novel The Dispossessed again won both the Hugo and the Nebula awards for best novel. She became the first person to win both awards for each of two books. Also set in the Hainish universe, the story explored anarchism and utopianism. Scholar Charlotte Spivack said Le Guin was making her science fiction writing more about discussing political ideas.
Several of her speculative fiction short stories from the period, including her first published story, were later anthologized in the 1975 collection The Wind's Twelve Quarters. The fiction of the period 1966 to 1974, which also included The Lathe of Heaven, the Hugo Award-winning "The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas" and the Nebula Award-winning "The Day Before the Revolution", was the time of Le Guin's best-known work.
Later writing
The Annals of the Western Shore was a series of three books: Gifts (2004), Voices (2006), and Powers (2007). Each book has a different main character and happens in a different place. But, the books all share some characters and places.Gifts won the PEN Center USA 2005 Children's literature award. Powers won the Nebula Award for Best Novel in 2009. Le Guin published the novel Lavinia in 2008. Lavinia is a character from Virgil's Aeneid,
Near the end of her life, Le Guin wrote less fiction. She wrote essays, poems, and some translations. Her last publications included the non-fiction collections Dreams Must Explain Themselves and Ursula K Le Guin: Conversations on Writing. She also wrote a book of poetry called So Far So Good: Final Poems 2014–2018. These were released after she died.
Influences
Many other writers influenced Le Guin. Cultural anthropology was important to her writing. Carl Jung's archetypes are in her work. Taoism was part of Le Guin's life and work.
Political systems
The story of The Dispossessed happens on twin planets called Urras and Anarres. Urras was richer than Anarres. But Anarres is more advanced ethically and morally. Sttlers from Urras planned the Anarres society. It is an anarcho-socialist society that is an "ambiguous utopia". Anarres society is neither perfect nor static, unlike classical utopias. The main character, Shevek, travels to Urras to do research. Urras society is authoritarian, hierarchical, and misogynistic. But these the anarchists on Anarres do not have those problems. In their society cooperation and individual liberty are most important.
Reception
Le Guin became popular and got good reviews quickly after publishing The Left Hand of Darkness in 1969. She was very well known among SF writers by the 1970s. Readers bought millions of her books. And, her writing was translated into more than 40 languages. Some of her books stayed in print many decades after their first publication. Academics studied her work carefully and discussed it often. Later in her career, mainstream literary critics wrote positively about her work. In an obituary, Jo Walton said that Le Guin "was so good that the mainstream couldn't dismiss SF any more".
Le Guin earliest work stayed the most popular and got the most recognition. A reviewer in 2018 said that she often lectured the reader in her later works. John Clute, wrote in The Guardian, that she felt responsible for explaining important things clearly, and that this was difficult for her. Some critics disliked some of her work. The Compass Rose had a mixed reaction. Even the critically well-received The Left Hand of Darkness was criticized by some feminists,.
Other authors liked her work. According to Zadie Smith, her prose was "as elegant and beautiful as any written in the twentieth century". After Le Guin's death in 2018, writer Michael Chabon called her the "greatest American writer of her generation", and said that she had "awed [him] with the power of an unfettered imagination". Author Margaret Atwood praised Le Guin's "sane, smart, crafty and lyrical voice", and wrote that social injustice was a powerful motivation through Le Guin's life. Literary critic Harold Bloom described Le Guin as an "exquisite stylist", saying that in her writing, "Every word was exactly in place and every sentence or line had resonance". According to Bloom, Le Guin was a "visionary who set herself against all brutality, discrimination, and exploitation".
Academic and author Joyce Carol Oates highlighted Le Guin's "outspoken sense of justice, decency, and common sense", and called her "one of the great American writers and a visionary artist whose work will long endure". China Miéville described Le Guin as a "literary colossus", and wrote that she was a "writer of intense ethical seriousness and intelligence, of wit and fury, of radical politics, of subtlety, of freedom and yearning".
Awards and recognition
Le Guin won many annual awards for individual works. She was nominated for Hugo Awards twenty-four times and won seven times. She won six Nebula Awards from eighteen nominations. Four of her Nebula Awards were for Best Novel, more than any other writer. Le Guin won twenty-two Locus Awards. Her third Earthsea novel, The Farthest Shore, won the 1973 National Book Award for Young People's Literature, She was a finalist for ten Mythopoeic Awards, nine in Fantasy and one for Scholarship. Her 1996 collection Unlocking the Air and Other Stories was one of three finalists for the 1997 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. Other awards won by Le Guin include three James Tiptree Jr. Awards, two World Fantasy Awards, and three Jupiter Awards. She won her final Hugo and Locus awards in the year of her death, for the essay collection No Time to Spare: Thinking About What Matters, and an anthology of the Hainish cycle, respectively.
Anton Constandse
Anton Levien Constandse (September 13, 1899 in Brouwershaven - March 23, 1985 in The Hague) was a Dutch journalist, writer, political activist, anarchist and atheist.
Constandse studied Spanish at the University of Amsterdam.
Although raised a Christian, he turned atheist.
During World War II he was imprisoned in Buchenwald concentration camp, Gymnasium Beekvliet and Herzogenbusch concentration camp because of his anti-fascist and anti-nazi views.
Constandse was very negative about Christianity and later on also about Islam.
He wrote a lot of books and brochures about atheism and anarchism.
Ursula K. Le Guin
Awards and recognition
Other awards were for Le Guin's contributions to speculative fiction. She was voted a Gandalf Grand Master Award by the World Science Fiction Society in 1979. The Science Fiction Research Association gave her its Pilgrim Award in 1989 for her "lifetime contributions to SF and fantasy scholarship". At the 1995 World Fantasy Convention she won the World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement. She became a member of the Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame in 2001. The Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America made her its 20th Grand Master in 2003. She was the second, and as of 2019, one of only six women to receive that honor. In 2010, Le Guin was awarded the Lyman Tower Sargent Distinguished Scholar Award by the North American Society for Utopian Studies. In 2013, she was given the Eaton Award by the University of California, Riverside, for lifetime achievement in science fiction.
Later in her career Le Guin was also recognized her contributions to literature more generally. In April 2000 the U.S. Library of Congress made Le Guin a Living Legend in the "Writers and Artists" category for her significant contributions to America's cultural heritage. The American Library Association granted her the annual Margaret Edwards Award in 2004, and also selected her to deliver the annual May Hill Arbuthnot Lecture. The Edwards Award recognizes one writer and a particular body of work: the 2004 panel cited the first four Earthsea volumes, The Left Hand of Darkness and The Beginning Place. The panel said that Le Guin "has inspired four generations of young adults to read beautifully constructed language, visit fantasy worlds that inform them about their own lives, and think about their ideas that are neither easy nor inconsequential". At its 2009 convention, the Freedom From Religion Foundation awarded the Emperor Has No Clothes Award to Le Guin. A collection of Le Guin's works was published by the Library of America in 2016, an honor only rarely given to living writers. The National Book Foundation awarded Le Guin its Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters, stating that she had "defied conventions of narrative, language, character, and genre, and transcended boundaries between fantasy and realism to forge new paths for literary fiction". The American Academy of Arts and Letters made her a member in 2017.
Legacy and influence
Le Guin strongly influenced the field of speculative fiction. Jo Walton argued that Le Guin was important in both making the genre more open and accepting of new ideas, and in helping genre writers get mainstream success. A Wizard of Earthsea introduced the idea of a "wizard school", which would later be made more famous by the Harry Potter series of books, and with popularizing the trope of a boy wizard, also present in Harry Potter.
In 2022, Le Guin's son, Theo Downes-Le Guin, announced a new prize named for his mother. The Ursula K. Le Guin Prize for Fiction gives money to a writer. They must write a full-length book of "imaginative fiction."
Le Guin created the word "ansible" for an instantaneous interstellar communication device in 1966. Several other writers, including Orson Scott Card and Neil Gaiman, used the word later. The notion that names can exert power is also present in Hayao Miyazaki's 2001 film Spirited Away; critics have suggested that that idea started with Le Guin's Earthsea series.
Adaptations of her work
Le Guin's works have been adapted for radio, film, television, and theater.
Movies
Her 1971 novel The Lathe of Heaven has been adapted twice, in 1979 by WNET with Le Guin's participation, and the in 2002 by the A&E Network. In a 2008 interview, she said 1979 adaptation is "the only good adaptation to" a movie of her work to date. In the early 1980s Hayao Miyazaki asked to create an animated adaptation of Earthsea. Le Guin, who was unfamiliar with his work and anime in general, initially turned down the offer, but later accepted after seeing My Neighbor Totoro. The third and fourth Earthsea books were used as the basis of Tales from Earthsea, released in 2006. Miyazaki's son, Gorō Miyazaki directed the movie, not Hayao Miyazaki himself. Le Guin was disappointed by the change. Le Guin was positive about how the movie looked. She wrote that "much of it was beautiful", but she did not like the moral sense of the movie. She disliked the physical violence, especially the death of a villain as the movie's ending. In 2004 the Sci Fi Channel adapted the first two books of the Earthsea trilogy as the miniseries Legend of Earthsea. Le Guin was highly critical of the adaptation, calling it a "far cry from the Earthsea I envisioned", objecting to the use of white actors for her red-, brown-, or black-skinned characters.
Theater
Le Guin's novel The Left Hand of Darkness and novella Paradises Lost have both been adapted for theater. In 1995, Chicago's Lifeline Theatre presented its adaptation of The Left Hand of Darkness. Reviewer Jack Helbig at the Chicago Reader wrote that the "adaptation is intelligent and well crafted but ultimately unsatisfying", mainly because it is extremely difficult to compress a complex 300-page novel into a two-hour stage presentation. She also said she was better pleased with stage adaptations, including Paradises Lost, than screen adaptations of her work till date. In 2013, the Portland Playhouse and Hand2Mouth Theatre produced a stage adaptation of The Left Hand of Darkness, directed and adapted by Jonathan Walters, with text adapted by John Schmor. The play opened May 2, 2013, and ran until June 16, 2013, in Portland, Oregon.
Opera
Paradises Lost was adapted into an opera at the University of Illinois. The opera was composed by Stephen A. Taylor; the libretto has been attributed both to Kate Gale and to Marcia Johnson. Adapted in 2005, the opera premiered in April 2012. Le Guin described the effort as a "beautiful opera" in an interview, and expressed hopes that it would be picked up by other producers.
Hainish Cycle (science fiction)
x
Landsbro
Landsbro is a locality in Vetlanda Municipality in Jönköping County in Sweden. In 2010, 1,426 people lived there.
New York City Subway
The New York City Subway is a rapid transit system in New York City, United States. It is run by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA). It is one of the biggest rapid transit systems in the world, with 472 stations. It has 245 miles (or 394 km) of routes on 691 miles (or 1112 km) of railway track. The New York City Subway almost never closes; the trains run 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, all year. The system has only closed three times, most notably during the September 11 attacks and when Hurricane Sandy flooded its tracks.
The first elevated trains started working on October 9, 1863, and the first underground trains started working on October 27, 1904.
History
Alfred Ely Beach built an underground subway tunnel to test in 1869. His Beach Pneumatic Transit only extended 312 ft under Broadway in Lower Manhattan. The subway car in the tunnel was pneumatic, or pushed by air. The tunnel was never made longer. It could have gone to Battery Park to the south and the Harlem River to the north.
The first underground subway line opened on October 27, 1904. The oldest elevated train line in the subway system opened in 1885. The oldest right-of-way was a steam railroad called the Brooklyn, Bath and Coney Island Rail Road. That railroad opened in 1863.
In 1940, the two private systems were bought by the city. Some elevated train lines closed and were destroyed. The New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA) was made in 1953 to run subway, bus, and streetcar operations. It was made part of Metropolitan Transportation Authority in 1968.
By the 1970s and 1980s, the New York City Subway was really bad to ride. There were very few people riding the subway. There was a lot of graffiti and crime on the subway. This was fixed in the 1990's.
After the September 11 attacks, there were train disruptions on lines running through Lower Manhattan. In 2012, Hurricane Sandy flooded the subway system. It closed many lines for a few days, then recovered.
Stations
Many stations have "mezzanines". These are the levels of the station where you pay a fare before entering the subway platforms. Everyone must pay a fare to enter the subway system. They are usually between street level and platform level.
Many station entrances and exits have lamp posts. At the top of the lamp posts are colored balls. Green globes identify that the entrance is open 24/7, 365. Red globes can show two things. An entrance lamp post with a red globe can show that the entrance is either part-time open or is an exit only entrance. Some of the globes do not show the right information about an entrance or exit.
Most subway stations have waiting platforms that are from 480 to 600 ft long. People wait for trains on these platforms.
All new stations have platforms with air conditioning.
Many stations also have artwork on the subway station walls.
Most of the stations wers built before 1990. That is when a new law said that many new buildings, like subway stations, should have elevators and ramps so people with wheelchairs can enter these buildings.
The MTA has run the "Music Under New York" (MUNY) program in the subway since 1987. People must compete in order to be allowed to play music in a station. There are now more than 100 musicians and performers in the subway system.
There are only 129 open restrooms in 77 of the system's stations.
Some platforms have newspaper stands as well. They sell many things, including newspapers and food. There are also stores in some stations.
Lines and routes
In other cities' subway systems, a train "line" is the same as a train "route". In New York City's subway system, however, the "line" is the actual tracks, which a train "route" uses. "Routes", also called "services", have a letter or a number, such as "1" or "A". "Lines" have names, like BMT Broadway Line.
There are 24 train services. This includes 3 "shuttle" routes. Each route has a color. Raleigh D'Adamo, a lawyer who entered a contest in 1964, planned the colors that are used on subway maps now. Before, subway maps used different colors for every route. People who live in New York City do not call lines and services by color (such as, Blue Line or Green Line). However, tourists often use colors to tell between routes.
There are three different types of subway services. "Local" trains make all stops at "local" stations as well as at "express" stations. "Express" trains skip local stations, but stop at "express" stations. There is one "skip-stop" service, the J/Z, where two train routes run on the same line; each route only stops at every other station along the line.
The subway system runs 24 hours a day and 7 days a week, but some routes do not run when not many people ride the subway. When a line is closed, the transit authority uses free shuttle buses. The transit authority shows planned service changes on its website, on station walls, inside subway cars, and through its Twitter page.
Routes
There are many routes on the subway. Many people who have never ridden on the subway get confused because there are so many routes going to so many different places. The subway has signs that hang from the stations' ceilings to show the routes and where they go.
Routes on the "A Division", which used to be the Interborough Rapid Transit Company, are:
Routes on the "B Division", which used to belong to the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation and Independent Subway System, are:
Fares
From 1904 until 1948, people paid a nickel to go into the subway. On July 1, 1948, the fare was raised to a dime. In July 1953, the fare was raised to 15 cents. The MTA gave out subway tokens, which people used to enter the subway. People stopped using tokens in 2003.
The fare is $2.75. Riders must pay with MetroCards or OMNY. The subway started using MetroCards in 1994. At subway stations, riders can buy MetroCards from the station booth or from vending machines. Riders can also buy MetroCards from many places in New York City, like convenience stores and newspaper sellers. ONMY later came out in 2019 as a testing fare for credit/debit cards on the 4/5/6 lines, to use for another way to pay for your subway fare. Once it succeeded, it expanded all throughout the NYCTA. Currently, it is planning to replace the MetroCard by 2024.
Rider safety
Riders are allowed to take pictures using cameras, but are not allowed to take pictures with cameras that flash or with cameras that are on tripods.
Subway police can search riders to make sure they do not have weapons or other items that could be used to hurt other people.
When riders get hurt, usually it is because they slip when they are getting on or off the train. This is because there is a gap between the train and the platform. In recent times, workers have made the gaps smaller to prevent people from slipping. Often messages are played from loudspeakers that say "Please watch the gap when entering and exiting the train".
Train safety
The MTA makes sure that New York City Subway trains run without accidents. There are railroad switches, railroad signals, and speed limits on the subway. All tracks also have a stopper on the side. If the train passes a red signal, the stopper will stop the train.
A black-and-white striped board hangs above the middle of each platform. The conductor has to point to the board in front of him or her. After the conductor points to the board, the train doors will open.
The subway has had over 56 train accidents since 1918. The Malbone Street Wreck on November 1, 1918 was the most deadly. That crash killed 93 people.
Since the late 1990s and early 2000s, the MTA has experimented with Automatic train operation. New York City Subway trains normally run with a train conductor and a train operator. In 2006, the L train was the first route to be run by computers. The 7 train is becoming the second route to be run by a computer. There are computers both on the train and along the side of the tracks. The computer does the engineer's job by driving and stopping the train.
Wimbledon, North Dakota
Wimbledon is a city in Barnes County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 216 at the 2010 census. Wimbledon was founded in 1892.
List of players with five or more goals in an NHL game
The list of players who have scored five or more goals in an NHL game includes only 58 names.
In the National Hockey League (NHL), it is rare for one player to score so many goals in a single event.