cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Humus
How this happens
When plants and insects die they are first raw organic matter. Bacteria and fungi eat the raw material, but they do not eat all of it. They leave a small amount behind. The part they leave behind is named "humus". This activity is dynamic and keeps happening. There is always more dead material arriving on top. So the soil always has organic material in it, along with small pieces of rock.
In agriculture, "humus" usually means mature compost, or some taken naturally from a forest, where it may have lived for many years.
People's Republic of Kampuchea
The People's Republic of Kampuchea (PRK) was a partially recognised state in Southeast Asia supported by Vietnam which existed from 1979 to 1989. It was founded in the country, Cambodia, by the Kampuchean United Front for National Salvation. The Kampuchean United Front for National Salvation is a group of Cambodian communists who were not satisfied with the Khmer Rouge due to its terrible rule of Cambodia and left it after the Cambodian–Vietnamese War of Democratic Kampuchea, Pol Pot's government. Brought about by an invasion from Vietnam, which routed the Khmer Rouge armies, it had Vietnam and the Soviet Union as its main allies.
Yellowstone Caldera
The Yellowstone Caldera is a volcanic caldera and supervolcano in Yellowstone National Park in the Western United States. It is sometimes referred to as the Yellowstone Supervolcano. The caldera and most of the park are in the northwest corner of Wyoming. The caldera is about 55 by 72 km. It was formed during the last of the three supereruptions that occurred over the last 2.1 million years.
A caldera is a large cauldron-like hollow that forms shortly after the emptying of a magma chamber in a volcano eruption. It's what is left after the explosion.
Volcanism at Yellowstone is relatively recent. The calderas lie over a hotspot under the Yellowstone Plateau. Light and hot magma (molten rock) from the mantle rises toward the surface. The hotspot is much deeper than the terrain: it is stationary, while the North American Plate moves west-southwest over it.
Calderas appear to move, but this is an illusion. The plates of the Earth move, and hot spots stay in the same place (see Hawaiian Islands). As the Americas moved west, they ran over one or two hot spots. This is the one now in Wyoming.
Dravegny
Dravegny is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Ruzizi River
The Ruzizi River, or Rusizi River, is a river, 117 km long. It flows from Lake Kivu to Lake Tanganyika in East Africa.
Crocodile
A notorious man-eating crocodile, Gustave, roams the banks of the Ruzizi River and the northern shores of Lake Tanganyika. Gustave is a Nile crocodile and is about 6 m long and weighs about 900 kg. He is said to have killed and eaten many people. Though the actual number is difficult to verify, he is a near-mythical creature and is greatly feared by people in the region.
Aki Schmidt
Aki Schmidt (5 September, 1935 – 11 November, 2016) was a German football player. He played for West Germany national team.
Club career statistics
163||37 163||37
International career statistics
!Total||25||8
Giorgio Carta
Giorgio Carta (16 January 1938 – 28 October 2020) was an Italian doctor and politician. He was born in Jerzu, Italy. He was a member of the Italian Democratic Socialist Party. from 1992 to 1994 and again from 2006 to 2008, he was a member of the Chamber of Deputies.
Cart died on 28 October 2020 in Cagliari, Italy at the age of 82.
John Barry
Barry was born on 3 November 1933 in York, Yorkshire, England. He studied at St Peter's School, York.
Barry was married four times. His first three marriages, to Barbara Pickard (1959–63), Jane Birkin (1965–68), and Jane Sidey (1969–78) all ended in divorce. He was married to Laurie from 1978 until his death. The couple had a son, Jonpatrick. Barry had three daughters, Suzanne (Susie) with his first wife, Barbara, Kate with his second wife, Jane, and Sian from a relationship with Ulla Larson between the first two marriages.
Barry died of a heart attack on 30 January 2011 at his Oyster Bay home, aged 77. He is survived by Laurie, his wife of 33 years, and by his four children and five grandchildren.
Barneveld, Wisconsin
Barneveld is a village in Iowa County, Wisconsin. There is a public library called Barneveld Public Library.
1984 F5 tornado
On June 8, 1984, the city was hit by a deadly F5 tornado. After tornadoes broke out across the Midwest, including tornadoes that killed four people in Missouri and Iowa, a tornado watch was issued at 11:00 p.m. CT, but most residents had went to sleep. A line of thunderstorms entered Wisconsin from Iowa/Illinois border shortly after midnight. A sharp bolt of lightning followed by a loud clap of thunder cut power to the city, awakening residents. Nine people died, and two hundred were injured.
Léhon
Léhon (Lehon) is a former commune. It is in Brittany in the Côtes-d'Armor department in northwest France. On 1 January 2018, it was merged into the commune of Dinan.
Bosco Verticale
The Bosco Verticale of Via Crivelli or Vertical Forest of Via Crivelli is a palace in Milano, Italy. It is a complement of residencial palace designed by Carlo Perogalli, Bruno Morassutti and Angelo Mangiarotti and located in Via Crivelli 15 and Via Quadronno 24, inside the Quadronno District.
The Bosco Verticale or Primo Bosco Verticale or Palazzo Perogalli is a building that completes the residential green complex, in Via Crivelli 15 in the Quadronno District of Milano. The Palazzo of Bosco Verticale by Peorgalli was created by the designer Carlo Perogalli in 1956 and completed with the adjacent art work by Bruno Morassutti and Angelo Mangiarotti located in Via Quadronno 24 which anticipates the concept of Stefano Boeri with the Bosco Vertical skywalker in the suburbs of Porta Nuova. The peculiarity is the presence of thousands of tree species between shrubs and trees distributed at elevations.
The entire complex overlooks Via Crivelli, Via Quadronno and Oriana Fallaci Park and constitutes the original Bosco Verticale, a 1950s masterpiece in the historic center of Milan, flanked by iconic 1950s buildings that make the entire area an outdoor museum of italian design with that show the history of the Italian 50s architecture.
The peculiarity of these buildings, both inaugurated in 1956, is the presence of more than thousand plant species distributed on their facades.
House of Oldenburg
The House of Oldenburg belongs to the royal family of Greece, Denmark and the United Kingdom. King Constantine II and his descendants and Queen of Denmark and her descendants, The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Prince of Greece, Denmark and the United Kingdom and his descendants belongs to this house.
Cy Young (athlete)
Cyrus Charles Young (July 23, 1928 – December 6, 2017) was an American athlete. He was born in Modesto, California. He competed mainly in the javelin throw. He studied at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). He was the first non-European man to win the gold medal in the javelin throw in the Olympics in 1952, and – through the 2012 London Olympics – he remains the only American male to earn Olympic gold in the event.
Young died in Modesto on December 6, 2017 of vascular dementia at the age of 89.
Rocles, Ardèche
Rocles is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.
Beata Szydło
Beata Maria Szydło (*15th April 1963 in Oświęcim, Poland) - is a Polish politician, deputy of Parliament of Poland since 2005. She became Prime Minister of Poland on 16 November 2015. She's a member of Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (Law and Justice). She left the Prime Minister office on 11 December 2017 and was replaced by Mateusz Morawiecki.
Education
In 1987 Szydło finished studies in ethnography at The Jagiellonian University in Kraków. From 1989 until 1995 she was a PhD student. In 1997 she finished postgraduate studies for managers of culture at Warsaw School of Economics. In 2001 she finished Cracow University of Economics - management of local government in the European Union.
In 2004 she participated in the International Visitor Leadership Program.
Political activity until 2015
In 1998 she became mayor of community Gmina Brzeszcze. In 2005 she joined Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (Law and Justice) and she was elected the deputy of Polish parliament. She renewed parliamentary mandate in 2007.
In the 2011 parliamentary election Szydło remained the position of deputy. She received 43 612 votes. She renewed mandate in 2015. She was designated as the candidate for Prime Minister of Poland.
Prime Minister of Poland
On 13 November 2015, the President of Poland Andrzej Duda nominated Szydło for Prime Minister of Poland. On 16 November she was established for the position. On 18 November her government received a vote of confidence and she delivered an exposé. In December 2017, she was replaced by Mateusz Morawiecki as Prime Minister.
Muhammad Pervaiz Malik
Muhammad Pervaiz Malik (18 November 1947 – 11 October 2021) was a Pakistani politician. He was a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from August 2018 until his death. Before, he was a member of the National Assembly between 1997 and May 2018. He was Minister for Commerce and Textile from August 2017 to May 2018. Malik was born in Lahore, Punjab.
Malik died on 11 October 2021 in Lahore from cardiac arrest at the age of 73.
Zou Diarra
Zoumana Diarra (1 July 1960 Tominian – 28 July 2020) was a Malian musician, instrument maker and composer.
He played with Leonie Jansen, Marco Borsato and Trijntje Oosterhuis.
The Rolling Stones
The Rolling Stones are an English rock band that formed in London in 1962. The band members were: Mick Jagger (rhythm guitar and vocals), Keith Richards (lead and rhythm guitar and vocals), Brian Jones (lead guitar), and Bill Wyman (bass guitar). The band has been influenced by American blues and rock musicians like Howlin' Wolf, Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley and Muddy Waters. In the beginning they had their first hits with covers versions of songs of those artists. Along with the Beatles and the Kinks, they helped to lead the British Invasion of the early to mid 1960s.
Their fame rose quickly in 1965 with the song "The Last Time." The song "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" became a world-wide hit for the band. It was followed up by songs like "19th Nervous Breakdown" and "Paint It Black". In the 1967 they experimented with a psychedelic music style. But in 1968 they went back to a harder rock style with songs like "Sympathy for the Devil" and "Jumpin' Jack Flash" and "Honky Tonk Women."
In 1969, Brian Jones was fired from the band due to his growing drug addictions. A few weeks later Jones was found dead in his swimming pool. A highly respected young blues guitarist named Mick Taylor was named as his replacement. Taylor played on some of the band's most successful songs of the late 1960s and early 1970s including the hits "Brown Sugar", "Tumbling Dice", and "It's Only Rock n' Roll." Taylor left the band in 1974. Ronnie Wood was hired as Taylor's replacement and he has been with the band ever since. Long time bassist Bill Wyman retired from the band in 1992.
The band remained active as a consistently successful recording and touring act throughout the 1980s and 1990s and into the 2000s. In total they have released 30 studio albums, 33 live albums 121 singles, 29 compilation albums, 32 box sets, 48 video albums and 77 music videos.
In 1989 The Rolling Stones were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. And in 2004 they were ranked number 4 in Rolling Stone Magazine's list of the "100 Greatest Artists of All Time."
The Rolling Stones member Charlie Watts died in 2021.
Anna Benaki-Psarouda
Anna Benaki-Psarouda (born 12 December 1934) is a Greek lawyer, New Democracy politician and academician. She was born in Athens. She was Minister of Justice. From 2004 to 2007 she was Speaker of the Hellenic Parliament.
In 2010 she was elected Member of the Academy of Athens.
Dury, Aisne
Dury is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Droizy
Droizy is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Gedenkstätte Berliner Mauer
The Gedenkstätte Berliner Mauer (Berlin Wall Memorial) is a monument to remember the Berlin Wall. It is also to remember those who died trying to cross the wall. Over one million people visit the site each year. It is one of the most popular sites in Berlin.
History
The German Historical Museum proposed to have a memorial. Kohlhoff & Kohlhoff designed the memorial. The German government and the city of Berlin created the monument in 1998. The final memorial site opened in 2008. An extension was added in 2013.
Description
There is a Chapel of Reconciliation, visitor center, documentation center, a 60-meter section of the Berlin Wall and a window of remembrance. The memorial has four areas. They are The wall and the Todesstreifen (death strip), Destruction of the city, Building of the wall and "Es geschah an der Mauer" (It happened at the wall).
Memorial
The memorial itself includes a preserved part of the Berlin wall structure. This includes a strip of land that is enclosed by two walls. There is also a watch tower just like one when Berlin was divided. The inscription on the memorial is: In memory of the divided city and the victims of communist tyranny. Visitors cannot access the memorial and it is enclosed, but one can see it from the Documentation Center.
Window of Remembrance
The Window of Rememberance remembers the 132 people who died trying to cross the wall. It includes names and pictures of people who died.
Chapel of Reconciliation
The Chapel of Reconciliation structure is the site of a church that was along the wall. The wall separated the churchgoers of the Protestant Reconciliation Parish from the church building. The building symbolized the divide of Germany. West Germany destroyed the building in 1985 but kept the altarpiece and bells. There is a new chapel building with services.
Illegal drugs
Illegal drugs are drugs which a person is not allowed to own or use by law.
A drug is any chemical that affects the human body or mind when taken in any way.
Drugs and the law
Some drugs are allowed only if you have permission (called a "prescription") from a doctor. Other drugs are illegal, meaning a person is never allowed to have them.
If the police find a person with drugs they are not allowed to have, the person may be taken to court. Court cases may result in fines (when a person is required to pay money to the government), prison, or in some countries execution.
Why some drugs are illegal
A country may want to stop drugs because of the negative effect on the people that use them, or because making the drug illegal will make the government more money.
A psychoactive drug affects the brain. Most laws against drugs are against psychoactive drugs.
Why people use drugs
Some people might use drugs recreationally (for fun), these are usually controlled drugs.
Some people use drugs to make themselves more productive or to help themselves stay awake, in this case they would use a stimulant such as amphetamines or caffeine.
Some people also use drugs because they are addicted. (See "Health effects of drugs" below)
For spiritual or religious reasons.
Some Christians use small doses of wine as part of their religious ceremonies.
Some Hindus use cannabis (containing THC and CBD) as part of their religious rites.
Health effects
Drugs can have many effects on a person's health. Some drugs cause many people to die every year. Tobacco and alcohol can cause death, other drugs do not cause death. Cannabis and psilocybin mushrooms ("magic mushrooms") do not cause death. But all drugs affect one's health.
Someone using drugs may get "intoxicated". Intoxicated people may do dangerous things. They may be unable to safely drive or operate machinery.
Overdose occurs when someone uses too much of a drug. Overdosing is very dangerous. It can cause death. Some drugs are easy to overdose on (heroin, alcohol, and aspirin). Other drugs are difficult to overdose on (LSD, cannabis). Many drugs cause long-term (long-lasting) health effects. Smoking tobacco can cause cancer. Drinking alcohol damages the liver (cirrhosis).
Many drugs are used as medicine to help make sick people better. Opiates (morphine, heroin and codeine) are analgesics (painkillers). Nitrous oxide and ketamine are used as anesthetics (to force someone to sleep) for surgical operation. Amphetamines are legally prescribed to treat attention disorders in some countries, such as the United States.
Addiction and dependence
An addiction is the repeated use of a drug. An addict (person with an addiction) uses the drug again and again. Addicts will continue to use the drug, even if the drug hurts them. Addiction causes cravings for the drug. A craving is an intense need for the drug's effects. Drug tolerance occurs when a person's body adapts to a drug. The body becomes more resistant to the drug and craves the drug all the time. If a dependent person stops taking the drug, they may become very sick or die. Medical help is often required to stop addiction.
Addiction and dependence can happen separately from each other. People can be addicted to things that are not drugs, like gambling or sex.
Some psychoactive drugs are known to be very addictive (causing addiction, like alcohol, heroin, tobacco, methamphetamine and cocaine) other drugs are known to be slightly less addictive (such as khat, cannabis and caffeine) or not addictive at all (such as LSD and Psilocybin mushrooms).
People with anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder, schizophrenia, and major depression have a higher chance of getting addicted.
Uses
Different drugs are used in different ways. The same drug can be available in different forms, and each form is used a certain way.
For example, Crack cocaine (cocaine in solid form) is smoked or vaporized, but Powder cocaine (cocaine that looks like salt) is snorted.
Some ways drugs can be taken
Orally is the slowest method of using a drug because it must be digested in the stomach first. Injecting a drug (IV or IM) is the fastest method of using a drug. IV and IM drugs are most likely to cause an overdose. It is important to use clean needles to inject. Injecting with used or dirty needles spreads deadly infections (such as Hepatitis C or HIV).
Smoking anything can cause cancer. Smoking can also lead to emphysema (a disease of the lungs). Snorting a drug can lead to ear, nose, and throat conditions. Eating a drug can cause oral (mouth related) problems, like tooth decay.
Hallucinogens
Hallucinogens change the way people see, hear, feel or think. The three main groups of hallucinogens are: psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants. Each group has different effects. They may cause hallucinations. Hallucinations are a feeling, sound, or sight that does not exist. When one hallucinates, they feel, hear, or see something that is not truly there.
Stimulants
Stimulants speed up the central nervous system. People using stimulants may feel happy and excited. Also, they have more energy, concentration, or motivation. Stimulants may cause difficulty sleeping.
Depressants ("Downers")
Depressants slow down the central nervous system. People using depressants feel happy and content, and sleepy and relaxed. Depressants slow down bodily functions such as breathing and heart rate. They may also make speaking or moving difficult. The difficulty speaking is "slurred speech".
Anti-psychotics
Antipsychotics are used to balance one's moods or stop hallucinations. Many anti-psychotics are legal prescription drugs. One can have them if they have a prescription (doctor's permission). Anti-depressants help depression. Some anti-depressants are also anti-psychotics.
Jericho
Jericho is a very old city in the West Bank. It is mentioned in the Book of Joshua. In 2007 18,346 people lived there.
Quillota Province
The Quillota Province (Provincia de Quillota) is one of eight provinces of the central Chilean region of Valparaíso (V). Its capital is the city of Quillota.
Geography
The Quillota province is the second smallest province in the Valparaíso region with an area of 1113.1 km2; only the Isla de Pascua province is smaller.
The Quillota province is bordered to the north by the Petorca province, to the east by the San Felipe de Aconcagua province and the Santiago Metropolitan Region, and to the south and west by the Valparaíso province.
Population
(last national census), there were 175,917 people living in the province, giving it a population density of inhabitants/km².
The largest city of the province is Quillota, its capital, with a population, in 2002, of 62,231 inhabitants.
Administration
As a province, Quillota is a second-level administrative division, consisting of five communes (comunas). The city of Quillota serves as the provincial capital. The province is administered by a governor.
The comunas Limache (number 14 in the map) and Olmué (number 16 in the map) were transferred to the Marga Marga province in 2010.
Miguel Ángel Castellini
Miguel Ángel Castellini (January 26, 1947 – October 28, 2020) was an Argentine professional boxer. Castellini, who was active as a professional from 1965 to 1980, was known for having held the Lineal and WBA Light Middleweight titles. He was born in Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina.
Castellini died on October 28, 2020 in Buenos Aires from COVID-19, aged 73.
Schluchsee, Baden-Württemberg
Schluchsee is a municipality in Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is near the lake Schluchsee.
Masakazu Washida
Masakazu Washida (born 15 November 1978) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Ryukyu.
Club career statistics
255||8||11||0||10||0||276||8 255||8||11||0||10||0||276||8
Angelo Lo Forese
Angelo Lo Forese ( 27 March 1920 Milan – 14 May 2020 Milan), was an Italian tenor.
Life
During World War II, he lived in Switzerland. He studied with Primo Montanari, Emilio Ghirardini, and Aureliano Pertile.
He debuted as Silvio in Pagliacci in 1948.
He retired to Casa di Riposo per Musicisti.
Prince of Persia
Prince of Persia is the title of a series of video games and a movie that follow the adventures of a Persian Prince. They were created by Jordan Menchner. Prince of Persia has been developed and published by several different companies. Prince of Persia and Prince of Persia 2: The Shadow and the Flame, were developed by Brøderbund. Later Ubisoft took over creating the development starting with the series Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time. The game platform has developed over the years from 2D animations to 3D worlds. The movie Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time was released by Disney in 2010.
Corbin Bleu
Corbin Bleu (born 1989) is an American actor and singer. He appears as Chad in High School Musical, High School Musical 2 and High School Musical 3: Senior Year. He was a guest star as one of Miley's friends, Johnny Collins, in Hannah Montana and as Spencer in Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide. He also works in Disney Channel's original movie, Jump in working with Keke Palmer (Akeelah and the Bee).
Beloved Infidel
Beloved Infidel is a 1959 American biographical drama movie directed by Henry King and was based on the 1957 novel of the same name by Sheilah Graham and Gerold Frank. It stars Gregory Peck, Deborah Kerr, Eddie Albert, Philip Ober, Herbert Rudley, Ken Scott, Elliott Gould and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Broken Hill
Broken Hill is a mining town in the center of Australia. It is located 1143 km west of Sydney, whilst Adelaide is 511 km to the southwest. About 17,500 people live in Broken Hill. There was a short gold rush, in 1848. No gold was found, and there was very little water. Later silver was found in the area around the town and some mines around Broken Hill still operate.
Absolute space and time
Absolute space and time are concepts used by Aristotle and by Newton. They are still used in classical mechanics. Even in Newtonian mechanics, the notion of inertial frame of reference  is used.
The concepts of space and time were separate before special relativity theory, which connected the two. It showed both to be dependent upon the reference frame's motion. In Einstein's theories, the ideas of absolute time and space were replaced by the idea of spacetime in special relativity, and curved spacetime in general relativity.
Windsor Davies
Windsor Davies (28 August 1930 – 17 January 2019) was a British actor. He was best known for his roles as Battery Sergeant Major Williams in the sitcom It Ain't Half Hot Mum (1974–81). He was also known for his roles in Never the Twain, Doctor Who and the Carry On movies. He retired from acting in 2004.
Biography
Davies was born in Canning Town, East London. He moved to Wales in 1939. He was married to Eluned Davies. She died in September 2018. They had five children. He lived in France. He died on 17 January 2019 at the age of 88.
Atme
Atme (أطمة, also spelled Atma, Atima, Atmeh) is a town in northern Syria, part of the Idlib Governorate. It is located north of Idlib and just east of the border with Turkey. In the 2004 census, it had a population of 2,255.
Meg Lanning
Meghann Moira Lanning is a cricketer from Australia. She is the captain of the national women's team. She was born on March 25, 1992.
Suzi Quatro
Suzi Quatro (June 3, 1950) is an American rock musician, said by some people to be the "Godmother of Rock". She has sold more than 50 million records. She usually wore black leather clothes.
Noose
A noose is a loop at the end of a rope in which the knot become tight under load and can be loosened without untying the knot. The noose is often used and known for executions by hanging or suicides.
Suzi Quatro
Quatro was born in Detroit, Michigan. She started playing bass guitar and formed a girl band, Pleasure Seekers, with her sisters when she was only 14 years old. She went to Britain in 1971 with record producer Mickie Most, who also worked with The Animals, Lulu, and Donovan. Her first hit single was "Can the Can" which went to number one on the sales charts in Europe and Australia. Other big hits were "Devil Gate Drive" (1974), "If You Can't Give Me Love" (1978) and "Stumblin' In" (1978).
Soyuz 11
Soyuz 11 was a manned space mission. It was the only mission to live on Salyut 1, the first space station. It was a backup mission of Soyuz 10, which was failed to dock. The mission killed three men in space when it lost air pressure during re-entry of the atmosphere. They were Georgy Dobrovolsky, Vladislav Volkov, and Viktor Patsayev.
Suzi Quatro
She married guitar player, Len Tuckey, in 1976 but divorced him in 1992. She is now married to a German concert promoter, Rainer Haas. She has also acted on TV with guest roles in Happy Days, Minder, Absolutely Fabulous, and Midsomer Murders. She was the voice of Rio in the 2006 Bob the Builder movie, Built To Be Wild. She also had a weekly radio show on BBC2, called "Wake Up Little Suzi".
Soyuz 11
Crew notes
An X-ray testing of the original crew found that Kubasov might have tuberculosis. According to the mission rules, the backup crew replaced the original crew. Dobrovolski and Patsayev never flew to space before. Kubasov and Leonov became the crew to Soyuz 19 for the Apollo-Soyuz in 1975.
Death of crew
On 30 June 1971, after returing to the Earth of the capsule, the recovery team knocked on the side. There was no response. Opening the hatch, they found all three men in their couch es, no motion. There had dark-blue patches on their faces and trails of blood from their noses and ears. They brought them out from the capsule. Dobrovolsky was still warm. According to their reports, the reason of death was suffocation.
The cosmonauts were buried in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis at Red Square, Moscow near the remains of Yuri Gagarin. US astronaut Tom Stafford was one of the pallbearer s. They were also each awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union medal.
Olinguito
The Olinguito (Bassaricyon neblina), is a newly identified mammal of genus Bassaricyon. It is part of the Procyonidae family which also include raccoons.
Its discovery was announced on 15 August 2013 by the curator of mammals at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. The curator discovered specimens of the species in storage at the Field Museum of Natural History and used DNA testing to confirm a new species.
Distribution and habitat
Specimens of the species have been identified from the cloud forest stretching from central Colombia to western Ecuador. Four subspecies of the olinguito have been described.
Ecology and behaviour
The animal is mainly a frugivore, as well as solitary and nocturnal. It produces a single offspring at a time.
Breitnau
Breitnau is a municipality in Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
Leimiswil
Leimiswil was a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
János Koós
János Koós (born Kupsa; 20 November 1937 – 2 March 2019) was a Hungarian pop singer. He became successful in the 1960s after participation in the talent show Táncdalfesztivál. Koós was born in Bucharest, Romania. He played for the Wind Band of the National Tax and Customs Administration between 1957 and 1960. He started his solo singer career in 1960, performing the schlagers of Vico Torriani. He adopted the Koós stage name by that time.
Koós died on 2 March 2019 in Budapest, aged 81.
Sagnes-et-Goudoulet
Sagnes-et-Goudoulet  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.
Betssy Chávez
Betssy Betzabet Chávez Chino (born 3 June 1989) is a Peruvian lawyer and politician. In November 2022, she became the Prime Minister of Peru, replacing Aníbal Torres. She has been a member of the Peruvian Congress since July 2021.
She was the Minister of Culture from August 2022 to November 2022. She was also the Minister of Labor and Employment Promotion from October 2021 until May 2022.
Englancourt
Englancourt is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Apostolos Kaklamanis
Apostolos Kaklamanis (Απόστολος Κακλαμάνης) (born September 7, 1936) is a Greek politician. He is a member of the Greek Parliament for the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK) for the Athens B constituency. He was born in Lefkada, Greece.
He was Minister of Employment (2 terms), Minister for National Education and Religious Affairs (2 terms), Minister for Justice, Minister for Research and Technology and Minister for Health and Social Solidarity.
Bromide, Oklahoma
Bromide is a city in Oklahoma in the United States.
Apostolos Kaklamanis
He was Speaker of the Hellenic Parliament from 22 October 1993 to 18 July 2004.
Jeannie Rousseau
Jeannie Rousseau (Viscomtesse de Clarens) (April 1, 1919 – August 23, 2017)  was an Allied intelligence agent in occupied France during World War II. She was a member of Georges Lamarque's "Druids" network. Rousseau was born in Saint-Brieuc, France.
Codenamed AMNIARIX, she evaded Gestapo agents while gathering crucial information on the Germans' emerging rocket weapons programs from behind enemy lines. Her intelligence reports, forwarded to London, led directly to the British raid on Peenemünde and to delays and disruptions in the V-1 and V-2 programs, saving many thousands of lives in the West.
Rousseau was captured twice and spent time in three concentration camps.
Rousseau died on 23 August 2017 in Montaigu, France, aged 98.
Movie score
A movie score is original music written for a movie.
Burbank, Oklahoma
Burbank is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
Grant Munro
Grant Munro (April 25, 1923 – December 9, 2017) was a Canadian animator, filmmaker and actor. He was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba.
In 1952, he starred with Jean-Paul Ladouceur in Norman McLaren's Neighbours. He worked on the movies Two Bagatelles (1953), Seven Surprizes (1963), Christmas Cracker (1963) and Canon (1964).
His movie, Christmas Cracker, was nominated for an Academy Award in 1962.
Munro died of an illness in Montreal, Quebec on December 9, 2017 at the age of 94.
Vermicelli
Vermicelli (English pronunciation: /ˌvɜrmɨˈtʃɛli/, Italian: [vermiˈtʃɛlli], meaning "little worms") is a type of pasta. It is round in section and somewhat thinner than spaghetti.
José Pedro Pérez-Llorca
José Pedro Pérez-Llorca Rodrigo (30 November 1940 – 6 March 2019), was a Spanish lawyer and politician. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1980 to 1982. He was also one of the Fathers of the Constitution of 1978 and had a key role during his nation's transition to democracy. He was born in Cadiz, Spain.
Pérez-Llorca died on 6 March 2019 in Madrid, aged 78.
Robert Gray (discus thrower)
Robert Gray is a former athlete from Canada. Robert competed in the men's discus throw at the 1984 Summer Olympics. Robert was born on October 5, 1956.
Nuremberg principles
The Nuremberg principles were a set of guidelines for determining what constitutes a war crime. The document was created by the International Law Commission of the United Nations to codify the legal principles underlying the Nuremberg Trials of Nazi party members following World War II.
Principle I
"Any person who commits an act which constitutes a crime under international law is responsible therefor and liable to punishment."
Principle II
"The fact that internal law does not impose a penalty for an act which constitutes a crime under international law does not relieve the person who committed the act from responsibility under international law."
Principle III
"The fact that a person who committed an act which constitutes a crime under international law acted as Head of State or responsible government official does not relieve him from responsibility under international law."
Principle IV
"The fact that a person acted pursuant to (an) order of his government or of a superior does not relieve him from responsibility under international law, provided a moral choice was in fact possible to him".
Before the time of the Nuremberg Trials, this defense was called "Superior Orders". After the Nuremberg Trials, that defense is now referred to by many as the "Nuremberg Defense". More recently a third term, "lawful orders", has been used for the same defense.
Principle V
"Any person charged with a crime under international law has the right to a fair trial on the facts and law."
Principle VI
"The crimes hereinafter set out are punishable as crimes under international law:
Principle VII
"Complicity in the commission of a crime against peace, a war crime, or a crime against humanity as set forth in Principle VI is a crime under international law."
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
Harrisburg is the capital city of Pennsylvania, one of the four U.S. states called a Commonwealth of the United States. As of the 2020 United States Census, the city has 50,099 people living in it.
Originally the home to Native Americans, Captain John Smith first made contact with them in 1608. In 1719, English trader John Harris, Sr. built a home on the bank of the river, and by 1785 obtained the land from William Penn, creating the settlement of "Harrisburg" named after Harris.
Erlon
Erlon is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Coventry Cathedral
In fact, the city has three cathedrals. The first was St. Mary's, a monastic building, only a few ruins of which remain. The second was St Michael's, a 14th-century Gothic Cathedral, which was largely destroyed by a bombing raid in the Second World War. The cathedral was bombed on 14 November 1940 by the German Luftwaffe, which destroyed much of central Coventry. Nails found in the ruins were formed into a cross and consecrated in the Kaiser Wilhelm Gedächtniskirche in Berlin.
The third cathedral is the new St Michael's Cathedral, built to replace the bombed cathedral. It is an important example of 20th century architecture.
The cathedral is the seat of the Bishop of Coventry. The Right Reverend Dr. Christopher Cocksworth is the current Bishop of Coventry. He is the 9th Bishop of Coventry.
Fresca
Fresca is a drink produced by Coca-Cola Company. It is made of citrus. The drink is similar to Squirt from 7UP company.
Bernhard Klodt
Bernhard Klodt (born 26 October, 1926) is a former German football player. He has played for West Germany national team.
Club career statistics
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International career statistics
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Soil science
Soil science deals with soil as a natural resource on the surface of the earth.
It includes soil formation, classification and mapping.
"Soil" refers to anything between the top of the dirt and the top of the underlying rock (called "bedrock"). Soil is often broken into layers. The top layer is high in organic matter (roting plants and such). Then there is a layer of layer of soil where rain water has removed some metals (called "leaching"). Those metals get collected in another, lower layer. Finally, there is a layer made up mostly of broken bits of bedrock. A soil can have all of these layers, or only a few.
Soils are important because most groundwater, which is used in everything from city water supplies to farming, is found in soil, not bedrock.
La Marseillaise
"The Marseillaise" (say:) is the national anthem of France. The song was made by Rouget de Lisle in Strasbourg on 26 April 1792, after France declared war against Austria. It was first called "Chant de guerre pour l'armée du Rhin" (meaning "Marching Song of the Rhine Army").
Brendan Rodgers
Brendan Rodgers (born 26 January 1973) is a Northern Irish football manager and former player. He was the manager of Premier League club Leicester City. He managed Liverpool from 2012 to 2015, finishing second in the Premier League in 2014. He was sacked in October 2015. In 2016, he joined Scottish Premiership club Celtic. In his two-and-a-half seasons with Celtic, he won two domestic trebles. In 2019, he left Celtic to manage Leicester City. He has also managed Watford, Reading and Swansea City. In his playing days, he played for Ballymena United and Reading before retiring at the age of 20 due to injury.
Rodgers was born in Carnlough. His son, Anton (born 1993), is a footballer.
Sardinians
Sardinians (Sardinian: Sardos or Sardus; Sardi) are the people native to the island of Sardinia, an autonomous region of Italy.
Sardinians are noted for the distinct Nuragic civilization in ancient times. They are also known for the indigenous language many still speak, Sardinian. Sardinian is quite separate from Italian and said to be one of the languages, if not the language, keeping most archaic features of ancient Latin. Sardinians have long been active to fight for the official recognition of autonomy in Italy and the protection of their cultural and environmental heritage.
La Marseillaise
It was first adopted in 1795 as the national anthem of the French First Republic by the French National Convention.
Saint-Alban-Auriolles
Saint-Alban-Auriolles  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.
La Marseillaise
History
As the French Revolution roared on, monarchies from countries next to France grew worried that the ruckus would come into their territories. To stop the French Revolution from spreading, the War of the First Coalition began, in which Coalition armies invaded France. On 25 April 1792, Strasbourg mayor Baron Philippe-Frédéric de Dietrich asked his freemason guest Rouget de Lisle to compose a song "that will rally our soldiers from all over to defend their homeland that is under threat." That evening, Rouget de Lisle wrote "Chant de guerre pour l'Armée du Rhin," which he dedicated to Baravian Marshal Nicolas Luckner. De Dietrich was executed, however, the next year during the Reign of Terror.
The tune of the song became an "anthem" for the French Revolution. The name of the song was then changed to the title "La Marseillaise", after it was first sung on the streets by volunteers from the city of Marseille at the end of May. They were entering the capital city of Paris on 30 July 1792, and troops adopted it as the marching song of the National Guard of Marseille.
"La Marseillaise" is France's first ever anthem and was accepted as the French national anthem by the National Convention on 14 July 1795. It later lost its status under Napoleon I, and the song was banned by Louis XVIII and Charles X. It regained its status as national anthem right after the July Revolution of 1830. During Napoleon I's reign, "Veillons au salut de l'Empire" (meaning "Let's Ensure the Salvation of the Empire") was the unofficial anthem of his reign, and under Napoleon III's control, it was "Partant pour la Syrie" (meaning "Leaving for Syria"). Eventually, the French government brought back "La Marseillaise" to try to spread patriotism to the French people during the Franco-Prussian War in 1870. A year later, after that war ended, "La Marseillaise" was adopted by the Paris Commune, although it had new lyrics under the title "La marseillaise de la Commune" (meaning "The Marseillaise of the Commune"). Eight years later, in 1879, it was one again the national anthem of France, and has remained so ever since.
Lyrics
The lyrics mention about the time when France was being invaded by Prussia and Austria, while it was written. The city of Strasbourg in eastern France was attacked a few days later. The invading forces were kicked out of France following their defeat in the Battle of Valmy. As the majority of Alsatians did not speak French, a German version titled "Auf, Brüder, auf dem Tag entgegen" was published in October 1792 in Colmar.
Only the first stanza (and sometimes the fourth and sixth) and the first chorus are sung today in France. There are some slight historical variations in the words of the song; the following is the version listed at the official website of the French presidency.
Original lyrics
These verses were removed from the national anthem.
Adaptations into regional languages
France is a country made up of various ethnicities on which they have historically settled. As such, many regional languages are spoken to this day. These languages include Alsatian (a German dialect spoken in the east of France), Basque (a language isolate spoken in the southwest of France), Breton (a Celtic language spoken in the northwest of France), Catalan (a language intelligible between French and Spanish, spoken in the south of France), Corsican (a language similar to Italian, spoken in the Mediterranean), Occitan (a language similar to Catalan, also spoken in the south of France), and Walloon (a language similar to French, spoken in the Wallonia region in Belgium).
The popularity of this anthem has spread across the globe. It has been translated into several languages by known poets over the course of its existence.
Basque variant
The Basque poet Joan Batista Arxu published a version in his 1848 collection Kantu patriotak (meaning "Patriotic songs").
Wallon variant
The French national anthem has been the basis of a couple patriogic songs written in the Walloon language as part of the Walloon Movement.
Other variants based on "La Marseillaise"
There have been many different variants of the song, including:
Russian variant
In Russia, "La Marseillaise" was used as a republican revolutionary anthem by Russian French speakers in the 18th century. In 1875 Peter Lavrov wrote the original Russian text (not translated from the French lyrics) to the same tune, known as the "Worker's Marseillaise", which became very popular in Russia and was used in the Russian Revolution of 1905. After the February Revolution, it was used as the semi-official national anthem of the Russian republic, and after the October Revolution, it was official along with The Internationale.
Quotation in music
Composers have often quoted "La Marseillaise" in their music; for example, Tchaikovsky uses it in the 1812 overture.
Ray Blacklock
Raymond Patrick Blacklock (6 April 1955 – 28 October 2020) was an Australian rugby league footballer. He played in the 1970s and 1980s. He was born in Oberon, New South Wales. He started his career at the Penrith Panthers, making first grade in 1976.
He then switched to the Newtown Jets for two seasons between 1981-1982. He moved to Canberra Raiders for his final two seasons between 1983 to 1984 before retiring.
Blacklock died on 28 October 2020 from problems caused by multiple system atrophy in Cranebrook, New South Wales at the age of 65.
Tatiana Farnese
Tatiana Idonea (19 April 1924 – 31 January 2022), better known by the stage name of Tatiana Farnese, was an Italian actress. She was born in Rome, Italy. Her best known roles were in Schoolgirl Diary (1941), A Garibaldian in the Convent (1942), The Gorgon (1942), The Mad Marechiaro (1952), Your Whole Life Ahead of You (2008) and Three Days Later (2013).
Farnese died in Rome on 31 January 2022, at the age of 97.
Thomas A. Pankok
Thomas A. Pankok (July 9, 1931 – January 31, 2022) was an American Democratic Party politician. He was in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1982 to 1986. Pankok was born in Salem, New Jersey.
Pankok died on January 31, 2022 in Mannington Township, New Jersey at the age of 90.
Erloy
Erloy is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Heike Beier
Heike Beier (born 3 December 1983 Berlin) is a German volleyball player.
Career
Beginning in 2001, she played for the women's team of the Dresdner SC and won the DVV Cup. In 2007, she won the German championship.
In 2006-07, she made her debut in the senior team under the new national coach Giovanni Guidetti. In summer 2007 she won the European Grand Prix qualification with the women's national team and finished sixth at the European Championships in Belgium and Luxembourg.