cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Canon (music)
Canons in the history of music
Probably the greatest writer of canons in the eighteenth century was Johann Sebastian Bach. Many of his organ works have canons. He wrote a famous set of Canonic Variations on "Vom Himmel hoch da komm' ich her" which have several canons at different intervals and inversions. He probably wrote this to show young composers how to write good canons. Bach also wrote a work called the Musical Offering which has what he calls a “canon per augmentationem contrario motu” (canon in augmentation and contrary motion i.e. backwards) as well as a “canon per tonos”. This last one is a modulating canon which means that the tune changes key. This is hard to compose well so that it sounds good because when the first voice has just changed key the other one is still catching up in the other key.
Bach was a great master at writing canons and other very complicated musical forms. After 1750 composers became less interested in writing music which was all polyphonic, although many composers still showed an interest in counterpoint. Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven all wrote canons and even Romantic composers like Schumann and Brahms showed an interest. César Franck wrote a canon for the fourth movement of his Sonata for Violin and Piano. It is quite easy to hear this canon, because the violin plays the tune an octave higher than the piano, and the piano holds on to a long note every other bar while the violin catches up.
In the 20th century composers such as Schoenberg who wrote serial music were fond of canons. Modern composers like Pierre Boulez have written rhythmic canons: canons in which, for example, the rhythm of one part is the retrograde (backwards) version of another.
Valon Behrami
Valon Behrami (born 19 April 1985) was a Swiss football player. He played for West Ham United and Switzerland national team.
Club career statistics
2||0 122||7 24||1 148||8
Antoine Nkounkou
Antoine Ntsana Nkounkou is sprinter from Republic of the Congo. Antoine competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics, 1976 Summer Olympics, 1980 Summer Olympics, and the 1984 Summer Olympics. He was born on September 13, 1948.
Airuno
Airuno is a comune in the Province of Lecco in the Italian region of Lombardy.
Madeleine Arthur
Madeleine Arthur (born March 10, 1997) is a Canadian actress. She is known for her role as young Willa Warren in the ABC drama series The Family. She played Jane Keane, the daughter of Amy Adams' character, in Tim Burton's biographical movie Big Eyes (2014). Arthur also has had guest roles in The Killing, The Tomorrow People, and Supernatural.
Willi Auerswald
Willi Auerswald (1894–1956) was a member of the German SS in the rank of a SS-Oberscharführer. Auerswald belonged to the guards of the Mauthausen Concentration camp. Between spring 1942 and November 1944 he was one of the leaders of the subcamp Steyr-Münichholz.
Auerswald was feared by the prisoners due to his brutality. Executions and brutal punishments made him one of the most terrible guards at Mauthausen.
After the end of World War II Auerswald was charged by an US-military tribunal in Dachau. The trial document lists a case where a Russian prisoner, begging for his life, was pushed by Auerswald into a fence secured by high voltage. He died immediately. The documentation also mentioned that 300 healthy prisoners were brought from Mauthausen to the sub-camp St. Aegyd. More than 50% died within the next few weeks or became severely sick so that they were brought back to Mauthausen where they died. Auerswald was the head of the St. Aegyd sub-camp at that time.
Auerswald was found guilty and sentenced to death by hanging. Later it was changed to life imprisonment.
Bryony Smith
Bryony Frances Smith is a cricketer from England. Smith plays for the England women's cricket team. She was born on December 12, 1997.
Copper(II) hydroxide
Copper(II) hydroxide, also known as cupric hydroxide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Cu(OH)2. It contains copper in its +2 oxidation state. It also contains hydroxide ions.
Properties
Copper(II) hydroxide is light blue. It is rubbery when wet. When it is mixed with copper(II) carbonate, it is greenish. It reacts with carbon dioxide to make copper(II) carbonate when in air. It turns into copper(II) oxide when wet. When it is dry, though, it only turns into copper(II) oxide when it is heated. It reacts with ammonia to make a very dark blue solution.
Preparation
Copper(II) hydroxide can be made by reacting copper sulfate with sodium hydroxide. Potassium hydroxide can be used, but it is more expensive. It can also be made by electrolyzing a solution of sodium bicarbonate with a copper anode.
Safety
It is not toxic in small amounts, but it can dissolve in stomach acid to make soluble copper, which can poison much more easily.
United States Congress
The United States Congress is the legislative, or law making, branch of the United States government. It meets in the United States Capitol.
It has two houses (parts): The United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate. This two house system is known as a bicameral (bi is the Latin word for "two", and camera is Latin for "chamber" or "room") legislature. There are 435 Representatives in Congress, split between the states based on how many people live in the state. There are 100 Senators in Congress, with two coming from each state.
Vritz
Vritz was a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France. On 1 January 2018, it was merged into the new commune of Vallons-de-l'Erdre.
United States Congress
The primary duty of Congress is to write, debate, and pass bills (laws they want). For Congress to pass a bill, both houses must pass exactly the same bill. For each house to pass a bill, more than half of its members must vote in favor of passing the bill. After both houses pass the same bill, this bill is then sent to the President. If the President agrees the bill should be a law he or she signs the bill within 10 days. If the president does not agree, then he or she can veto the bill and send it back to Congress. If the bill is neither signed nor vetoed by the president within 10 days, the bill becomes law anyway if Congress does not adjourn (end its session) within that time. If Congress adjourns within that time, the bill does not become a law. Congress may override a president's veto of a bill by having more than two thirds of its members passing the bill. In that case, the bill becomes law even though the president vetoed it.
Article 1 of the United States Constitution lists what subjects Congress can pass laws on.
Members of Congress cannot be arrested, except for certain crimes, during a session of Congress or going to or returning from a session.
The political party with the most members in a house of Congress usually decides which bills are voted on in their house.
Stoicism
Stoic doctrine was popular in Greece and the Roman Empire from its founding until all the schools of philosophy were ordered closed in 529 AD by the Emperor Justinian I, who thought their pagan character was at odds with his Christian faith.
Le Chautay
Le Chautay is a commune in Cher, Centre-Val de Loire, France. About 268 people lived there in January 2019.
Ernst Heinrich Weber
Ernst Heinrich Weber (24 June 1795 – 26 January 1878) was a German physician. He was one of the founders of experimental psychology. Weber was an influential and important figure in the areas of physiology and psychology during his lifetime and beyond. His studies on sensation and touch, and his emphasis on good experimental techniques were notable. They gave new direction and areas of study to future psychologists, physiologists, and anatomists.
Weber was born into an academic background, with his father serving as a professor at the University of Wittenberg. Weber became a doctor, specializing in anatomy and physiology. Two of his younger brothers, Wilhelm and Eduard, were also influential in academia, both as scientists. One did physics and the other anatomy. Ernst became a lecturer and a professor at the University of Leipzig and stayed there until his retirement.
Funahashi
Funahashi (舟橋村) is a village in Toyama Prefecture, Japan. In 2018, 3,064 people lived there.
Botanist
A botanist is a scientist who studies plants, including flowering plants, and plant-like things such as moss and seaweed. Botany is a scientific study of plants along with their growth, structure, evolution, and uses.
Botanists may specialize in certain areas of botany. Some important areas of study include:
List of All Grown Up! episodes
Here is a list of All Grown Up! episodes.
Flatboat
A flatboat is a rectangular flat-bottomed boat with square ends used to transport freight and passengers on inland waterways. The flatboat could be any size, but essentially it is large, sturdy tub with a hull.
Frank G. Wells
Franklin G. Wells (March 4, 1932 – April 3, 1994) was the former President of Warner Bros. (1973–1977) and the Walt Disney Company (1984–1994). He climbed the highest mountain of every continent, but he did not reach the summit of the Mount Everest.
Flatboat
A flatboat is almost always a one-way vessel, and is usually dismantled for lumber when it reaches its downstream destination.
Frank G. Wells
Frank Wells was born in 1932. At age 37, he became the Vice President of Warner Brothers, in 1973 the President and in 1977 the Vice Chairman. In 1982 he left Warner Bros. to pursue his dream of climbing to the top of the highest mountain on each continent. In 1984, he became part of the Disney concern as the second man behind Michael Eisner. Since 1984 he was the President and the Chief Operating Officer (COO). With Wells and Eisner at the top Disney became again one of the leading entertainment companies. Frank Wells died in a helicopter crash at April 3, 1994 at age 62 while returning from a ski trip. The Disney animation movie, The Lion King, is dedicated to him.
Enemy of the State
Enemy of the State is a 1998 action film directed by Tony Scott and starring Will Smith, Gene Hackman, Jon Voight and Gabriel Byrne. Released on November 20, 1998, it received positive reviews and was a box office success.
Cus D'Amato
Constantine "Cus" D'Amato (January 17, 1908 – November 4, 1985) was an American boxing trainer. He trained two of boxing heavyweight champions, Mike Tyson and Floyd Patterson.
Early Life
Cus D'Amato was born in 1908 in Bronx, New York to an Italian family of immigrants. He was one of eight brothers. In his childhood he wanted to become a boxer like his big brother Jerry. However, at 12 years old he took part in a fight and became blind in one eye.
Career
D'Amato's love for boxing was so strong that the sport became a very important part of his life. He trained three champions although he never boxed himself.
Death
He died in 1985 (age 77) after an inflammation of the lungs.
Royal Commission
In states that are Commonwealth Realms a Royal Commission is a major government public inquiry into an important issue. They have been held in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Kenya and Saudi Arabia. In Hong Kong, Ireland and South Africa, they are called a Commission of Enquiry or Commission of Inquiry.
A Royal Commissioner has a lot of power, more than those of a judge but these are limited to the "Terms of Reference" of the Commission. The Commission is created by the Head of State (the Sovereign, or his/her representative in the form of a Governor-General or Governor) on the advice of the Government. In practice–unlike other forms of inquiry–once a Commission has started the government cannot stop it. Because of this governments are usually very careful about framing the Terms of Reference and generally include in them a date by which the commission must finish.
Royal Commissions are called to look into very important matters and usually controversy. For example, these can be about government structure, the treatment of minorities, or the events that had received concern from the public or economic questions.
Many Royal Commissions last many years and, often, a different government is left to respond to the findings. In Australia–and particularly New South Wales–Royal Commissions have been investigations into police and government corruption and organised crime. They have used the powers of the Royal Commissioner to force powerful, but corrupt, public officials to tell the truth.
Royal Commissions are usually run by one or more notable figures. Because of their legal powers the Commissioners are often retired senior judges.
The results of Royal Commissions are published in, often, massive reports of findings containing policy recommendations. They often have long and complex names, for example, the "Royal commission into whether there has been corrupt or criminal conduct by any Western Australian Police Officer". Because of this they are commonly known by the name of the main Commissioner. These reports are often quite important, with the government making some or all recommendations into law. The work of some Commissions have been almost completely ignored by the government. In other cases, where the Commissioner has not kept to the terms of reference, the commission has been stopped by a superior court.
Virginia Luque
Virginia Luque (born Violeta Mabel Domínguez 4 October 1927 – 3 June 2014) was an Argentine tango singer and movie actress. She appeared in 20 tango movies between 1943 and 1976.
Luque was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740
Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740 was a Hajj pilgrimage flight of Pakistan International Airlines from Kano, Nigeria to Karachi, Pakistan with a stop in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. On 26 November 1979, the Boeing 707-340C serving the route crashed shortly after takeoff from Jeddah International Airport. All 156 people on board died. Before the crash, the pilot radioed a request to return to Jeddah because smoke was coming into the cabin and cockpit. 15 minutes later, Jeddah control tower heard the pilot shout "Mayday! Mayday!" before the radio went silent. The cause of the crash was a fire.
The crash is the third worst plane crash in Saudi Arabia and also the third worst crash of a Boeing 707.
The Mask of Zorro
The Mask of Zorro is a 1998 movie directed by Martin Campbell and starring Antonio Banderas. Released on July 17, 1998, it received positive reviews and was a box office success. It was followed by The Legend of Zorro in 2005.
Chris Hesketh
Chris Hesketh MBE (c. 1944 – 10 August 2017) from Wigan, was an English professional Rugby League World Cup winning footballer of the 1960s, and 1970s. He played at representative level for Great Britain, England, and Lancashire representative, and at club level for Wigan and Salford. He was born in Wigan, England.
Celestial coordinate system
A celestial coordinate system is a coordinate system that helps astronomers specify the location of objects in the sky. These objects may be stars, planets or even satellites. There are several such coordinate systems listed below. All of them are spherical.
Djurgårdens IF Fotboll
Djurgårdens IF is a association football club in the town of Stockholm in Sweden.
Celestial coordinate system
The fundamental plane divides the celestial sphere into two equal hemispheres and defines the baseline for the latitudinal coordinates, similar to the equator in the geographic coordinate system. The poles are located at ±90° from the fundamental plane. The primary direction is the starting point of the longitudinal coordinates.
Coordinate systems
These are common coordinate systems used by the astronomical community:
Djurgårdens IF Fotboll
The club, which was founded in 1891, started it's association football section in 1899. The team plays in darkblue and lightblue stripes. Since 1936 Stockholms Stadion has been the home stadium, but they have big plans to build a new arena with around 18000 seats. The current captain is Pa Dembo Touray and the deputy captain is Mattias Jonson. The manager of Djurgårdens IF is Lennart Wass and Carlos Banda.
During the 2013 season of the elite and professional Swedish league (Allsvenskan), Djurgården’s kit featured the logo of Djurgårdsandan.
Charles Cornwallis
Lord Charles Cornwallis (31 December 1738 – 5 October 1805) was a British general and colonial governor. He is best known for leading the British forces in the American Revolution.
Celestial coordinate system
Equatorial system
The equatorial coordinates are based on the position of stars relative to the Earth's equator. Imagine the Earth's equator extended out to an infinite distance. The equatorial describes the sky as seen from the solar system. Modern star maps almost exclusively use equatorial coordinates.
Eclyptic system
The fundamental plane is the plane of the Earth's orbit, also called the ecliptic plane. There are two versions: the geocentric ecliptic coordinates centred on the Earth, and heliocentric ecliptic coordinates centred on the centre of mass of the solar system.
The geocentric ecliptic system was the principal coordinate system for ancient astronomy and is still useful for computing the apparent motions of the Sun, Moon, and planets.
The heliocentric ecliptic system describes the planets' orbital movement around the Sun, and centres on the barycenter of the solar system. This is very close to the centre of the Sun). The system is mainly used for computing the positions of planets and other solar system bodies, and their orbits.
Galactic system
The galactic coordinate system uses the approximate plane of our galaxy as its fundamental plane. The solar system is still the centre of the coordinate system, and the zero point is defined as the direction towards the galactic centre. 'Galactic latitude' means, roughly, the elevation above the galactic plane. 'Galactic longitude' is the direction relative to the centre of the galaxy.
Supergalactic system
The supergalactic coordinate system is a fundamental plane with a higher than average number of local galaxies in the sky as seen from Earth.
Software
There is standard software which does the calculations:
Forceville-en-Vimeu
Forceville-en-Vimeu is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
Charles Cornwallis
His parents were Elizabeth, and Charles Cornwallis, 1st Earl Cornwallis.
Cornwallis moved to the 13 colonies in North America in 1776 to try to control the rebelling colonies. He fought at the Battle of Princeton. George Washington led the Americans in that battle. Later, Cornwallis led British forces through North Carolina and South Carolina, where he fought against American forces under Nathanael Greene. In October 1781, Cornwallis's forces surrendered to George Washington at the Battle of Yorktown, ending the American Revolution.
In 1786 Cornwallis was appointed Governor-General of the British colony of India.
From 1798 to 1801 Cornwallis was Lord Lieutenant and Commander in Chief of Ireland.
He died in 1805 because of a fever.
DeSoto County, Mississippi
DeSoto County is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 161,252 people lived there which makes it the third-most populous county in Mississippi. Its county seat is Hernando.
Olginate
Olginate is a comune in the Province of Lecco in the Italian region of Lombardy.
Spirituality
Spirituality is a name given to matters of the spirit. These can be any kind of meaningful personal activity or peaceful experience. There is not one agreed upon way to explain what happens. It is a concept so people can see and understand it in different ways. Some people believe spirituality is a part of religion. Others who are not religious, still seek and have spiritual experiences.
Matters of the spirit
"Matters of the spirit" may include the meaning in a person's life (or in all life), and how to find and improve on it. They may also include someone's search for God, the supernatural, a divine influence in their lives, or information about the afterlife, and how to best deal with each. "Matters of the spirit" may also include how to live among others as a group, or in a certain environment.
"Spiritual, but not religious"
Some who do not believe in an organized religion may still be interested in the "spirits" of humanity or of nature and live a certain way, or worship ancestors or creation because it gives them a sense of happiness to do so. This is referred to as spiritual but not religious.
Ved Prakash Upaddhay
Early life
Ved Prakash Upadhyay was born on 2 February 1947 in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh. His father was Saryuparin Vedic scholar Pt.Shriramjeevan Upadhyay.
Spirituality
"Spiritual, but not religious"
Another common usage refers to people who ascribe to ideals "greater than themselves." For many, this leads to a pursuit of some form of enlightenment, often through meditation, yoga, philosophy or, in some cases, a study of Metaphysics.
Ved Prakash Upaddhay
Education
Upadhyay is a scholar of D.Phil in Sanskrit Vedas and D.Litt in Dharmashastra Hindu Law, Vedas, Philosophy, Theology, Literature, Tantra, Justice and Punishment etc.
Career
He served for 40 years at Panjab University, Chandigarh and retired as Professor and Head of Sanskrit Department. He then taught Sanskrit medium for three years in the classes of Shastri, Acharya and Abhascharya at Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri National Sanskrit University, New Delhi. More than 60 students have done PhD under him. He was made the President of Adarsh Sanskrit Shodha Sanstha of Himachal Pradesh by the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India and he is the chairman of the institution still now. Impressed by his brilliant research work, he was honored and rewarded at the national and international level by many national and international institutions. Apart from this, he participated in more than 100 Sanskrit classical conferences, presided over 26 international conferences and research seminars, published 100 research papers and under his direction, 70 research students did M.Phil. and 60 have done Ph.D. At present, he is also the chairman and member of several committees. He has also given radio talks several times, whose aim has been to make Sanskrit universal. Haryana Sanskrit Academy as a member of many important committees of Haryana Government, Upadhyay has been an active contributor and has been working as a consultant in Hariprabha research magazine. He is performing the responsibility as the custodian of the Gurukul Mansadevi complex.
Awards and receiptions
On the basis of these achievements, eight gold medals and 33 honors were also received by him. Overwhelmed by his devotion, contribution, publicity and dissemination towards Sanskrit, Doordarshan has also aired a one-hour special personality program on 22 March 2012 for his important contribution. Minister of State for Human Resources Mahendra Nath Pandey conferred Vidvadhushan Award in Kashi Vidwat Parishad and Manavdhikar Ratna Award by Fiji Ambassador Prabhakar Jha on behalf of International Human Rights Protection Bureau. In 2017, he received the Sanskrit Sahitya Alangkar Award from the Haryana Sanskrit Academy. In 2017, he received the Sahitya Ratna Padak from the Punjabi Language Department and in 2019 he received the President Award of India 2018 for his contribution to Sanskrit language.
Works
Upaddhyay published 15 research and original books. Some of them are:
Texas Lutheran University
Texas Lutheran University is a private Lutheran university in Seguin, Texas, United States. It is a small school with about 1300 students enrolled and it was founded in 1891.
COVID-19 pandemic in Rhode Island
The COVID-19 pandemic began affecting the U.S. state of Rhode Island on March 1, 2020. As of December 17, 2021, there were 2,992 deaths from the COVID-19 respiratory virus. The cause of COVID-19 came through the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (the SARS-CoV-2 gene). COVID-19 first hit Rhode Island around Pawtucket.
As of December 17, 2021 about 910,576 Rhode Islanders (close to 86.18% of the state's population) have gotten at least a single dose. Another 76.63% of these people (809,672 Rhode Island overall) were given two shots though no booster (the third COVID-19 vaccine). Finally, 275,087 (right over 26.03% of the state's people) have gotten the booster shot and the first two vaccinations.
As of December 17, almost 21,000 (21,978) breakthrough infections of the COVID-19 have happened across Rhode Island (10.92% for all vaccinated Rhode Islanders). Of that, just over 120 vaccinated people in the state have died from the breakthrough infections, or 0.02%.
Terele Pávez
Teresa Marta Ruiz Penella (29 July 1939 – 11 August 2017) better known as Terele Pávez was a Spanish actress. She appeared in more than ninety movies since 1954. She was born in Bilbao (Biscay), Spain. She was known for her roles in The Holy Innocents, La Celestina and in El Bar. She won a Goya Award in 2003.
Pávez died on 11 August 2017 from a stroke at the age of 78.
Member of Parliament (United Kingdom and Canada)
A member of parliament (usually shortened to MP) is a person in the United Kingdom or in Canada who represents the people of an area (called a "constituency") in the House of Commons. They are voted for by the people in a general election. The Prime Minister chooses when to hold a general election, but must have an election at least once every five years. MPs are usually members of a group called a political party.
In the UK, the main political parties are:
In Canada, the main political parties are:
Members of provincial legislatures in Canada are sometimes referred to as member of provincial parliament (MPP) and other times member of legislative assembly (MLA).
Music (Madonna song)
"Music" is a dance-pop and electropop ballad by singer Madonna. Its lyrics are about how music can bring people together.
"Music" was released in August 2000. It peaked at #1 on Billboard Hot 100. It also hit #1 in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and Italy.
The song received many positive reviews from critics. It was nominated at the Grammy Awards for Record of the Year and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance.
La Chapelle-Saint-Ursin
La Chapelle-Saint-Ursin is a commune in Cher, Centre-Val de Loire, France. About 3,663 people lived there in January 2019.
Baylor University
Baylor University is a private Baptist university in Waco, Texas, United States. There are about 13,000 students enrolled and it was founded in 1845.
Sports
Baylor University's men athletics teams are called the Bears and the women's athletic teams are called the Lady Bears. Baylor has 16 varsity teams and they compete in the Big 12 Conference.
Hans Scholl
Hans Fritz Scholl (22 September 1918 Crailsheim Germany – 22 February  1943 Munich) was the leader of the White Rose Resistance group. Along with Alexander Schmorell, Christoph Probst, Willi Graf, Sophie Scholl, and Kurt Huber, Hans wrote and distributed six different leaflets criticizing Hitler and Hitler Germany. On February 18, 1943, Hans was captured by the Gestapo. After four days of interrogation, he was executed by guillotine on February 22, 1943.
Early Life
Hans Scholl was the son of the mayor Robert Scholl (1891-1973) and his wife Magdalene Scholl (1881-1958). His siblings were Inge Scholl, Elizabeth Scholl, Sophie Scholl, and Werner Scholl. The family moved Forchtenberg in 1929. When Hitler came into power, Hans and his siblings joined the Hitler Youth against the wishes of his parents, who were devout Christians and did not approve of the course Hitler was taking with the formerly illustrious country.
Seeds of Resistance and the 1937-1938 Trial
the turning point came for Hans when he was the flag bearer for a Hitler youth rally. This was a great honor, but when Hans came back from the rally, instead of being elated and happy, he came home depressed. He later explained that he had seen that freedom of expression wasn’t allowed or accepted in Hitler’s Germany. Instead, public conformity was the law. Whether or not this caused him to begin to innerly revolt against Hitler, he was even more inspired to revolt in 1937 when he was captured for being part of an illicit anti nazi christian group known as d.j.1.11. He was held in prison for six weeks. At his trial, he was accused of being part of the Christian Youth Group and also of having a homosexual relationship. he was set free for both offenses, but this persecution left a lasting impact on him.
After graduation from the high school he did work service in Göppingen. In November he began to military service in Bad Cannstatt. In 1938 after ending military training Hans began studying medicine placement. In May 1940 he was a paramedic in France.
Involvement in the White Rose
In 1942, Hans, along with his good friend Alexander Schmorell, started an Anti-Nazi resistance group. Calling themselves The White Rose (and later, The Resistance Movement in Germany), the two young men wrote leaflets denouncing the state of Nazi Germany and calling for passive resistance. They then mailed the leaflets to officials and intellectuals around Munich. The first four leaflets were written from June 1942-July 1942. In July 1942, Hans and Alexander (as well as their good friend Willi Graf) received notice that they were being deployed to Russia for a three month stint as medics. They left Munich on July 23, 1942. During there three months there, the young men saw horrifying things, including the Warsaw Ghetto. What they saw inspired them to step up their leaflet game. When they returned to Munich, Hans and Alexander, as well as Willi Graf, Christoph Probst, and Sophie Scholl, began to step up their efforts. They were soon joined by Sophie’s philosophy teacher Kurt Huber. Together, these six individuals made up the core of the White Rose Resistance. In January 1943, the fifth leaflet was released. While the other pamphlets had only about a hundred distributed, about 10,000 copies were made of the fifth leaflet, which was distributed all around Germany by the members, who braved trains swarming with Gestapo to post their letters from different places in Germany.
On February 3, inspired by a student protest against Hitler, Hans, Willi and Alexander went out in the middle of the night to graffiti Munich with slogans such as “Down with Hitler,” “Hitler the mass murderer”, and “Freedom!” They repeated these graffiti campaigns on February 8 and February 15.
On February 9, Kurt Huber gave Hans his draft for the sixth pamphlet. Hans agreed with most of the pamphlet, but decided to remove a section against Huber’s wishes. This infuriated Huber, who left the encounter angry and upset. He never saw Hans again.
Capture by the Gestapo and Death
On the morning of February 18, Hans and Sophie snuck into the University while classes were going. Spreading leaflets in the halls, they began to leave the university when Sophie realized she still had more leaflets in her briefcase. Hurrying up to the top floor of the University, they began to distribute the remaining leaflets. They were still up there when the bell signaling the end of classes rang. Panicked, Sophie grabbed the last stack of flyers and threw them over the balcony and into the Lichtlof, or indoor atrium. This action was noticed by Jakob Schmid, who was a custodian working in the atrium as the papers fell. Schmid, who was also a Nazi Party Member, locked the exit doors and alerted the Gestapo, who came and arrested Sophie and Hans. For four days Hans was interrogated. At first he denied everything, but when he realized that denying was pointless he changed his story, taking all of the blame in order to protect the other members who hadn’t been captured yet. Unfortunately, Hans had had a leaflet draft written by Christoph on his person when he was arrested. Christoph, who had bowed off the group due to being married with three children, was captured on February 20. On February 22, Hans, Sophie and Christoph were tried by Roland Freisler, a hard judge known as the “hanging judge” for sentencing up to 90% of the accused to death. The verdict was as expected as it was sad: death by guillotine. Hans and the others were hustled off to prison, where they learned the shocking news that the execution was to take place that same day. Hans and Sophie were able to see their parents before they died.
at around 5 pm, the guards came for Sophie, who was the first to be executed. A few minutes later, the guards came back for Hans. As the ax fell he yelled, “Es leibe die Freiheit!” (Let freedom live!)
Legacy
Today, the White Rose group, and particularly the Scholl siblings, are commonly know in Germany. Between them, Sophie and Hans have about 200 schools and public institutions named after them in Germany.
Three movies have been made about the White Rose:
Fünf Letzten Tage (Five Final Days), 1982
Die Weiße Rose (The White Rose), 1982
Sophie Scholl, Die Letzten Tage (Sophie Scholl, the Final Days), 2005
Central Department
Central (Departamento Central) is a department in Paraguay. The capital is the city of Areguá. Its ISO 3166-2 code is PY-11.
The department has 2,297,739 inhabitants. That is more than any other department of Paraguay. The department is also the smallest of all the departments.
History
The Central Department, known as “Comarca Asuncena”, was the most populated country region in old times.
The towns of this department had different origin. Domingo Martínez de Irala started the towns of Itá, Ypané and Areguá in 1538 and 1539. Villeta was founded by the governor Juan Gregorio Bazán de Pedraza in 1714. Other towns were founded around chapels.
The towns of Nueva Italia, Colonia Thompson and Villa Elisa were already established as agricultural settlements in the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. These were mainly settled by immigrants.
Modulation (music)
Modulation, in music, means that the music changes key. A piece of music might, for example, be "in the key of C major" (meaning that it uses the notes of a C major scale, and the C sounds like the "home key" or "tonic" as it is called in music theory). Then it could modulate to G major so that the G now feels like the home key and the notes of a G major scale are used (the Fs will be F sharps).
Central Department
Geography
The Central department is in the central western part of the Oriental region. It is on the southern border of the Western region. It surrounds the capital, Asunción.
Modulation (music)
Modulations like the one above are very common, because G is closely related to C (it is the 5th note in a C major scale: the "dominant"). A modulation to the subdominant (4th note of the scale) is also common (e.g. from C major to Fmajor). Music often modulates to the relative minor (e.g. C major to A minor).
Central Department
Geography
The department has an area of 2465 km2. That is 0% of the area of Paraguay. Its estimated population in 2013 was 2,297,739. That gave a population density of inhabitants per square kilometre.
The Central department is relatively flat. It has only small hills. It has several rivers, as the Paraguay river, and streams flow through it. The Ypacaraí and Ypoá lakes are on the borders of the department.
Districts
The department is divided in 19 districts:
Modulation (music)
A modulation that goes to a key whose tonic is not part of the original key is called a "chromatic modulation". Modulating from C major to A flat major would be a chromatic modulation because A flat is not a note in the C major scale.
Central Department
Economy
Industries include the processing of food, furniture, clothing, pharmaceutical production, metallurgic, plastic and ceramics. The city of Villeta has a large number of industries. Central is the second biggest economy of Paraguay.
Tourism
The Central Department has many attractions for tourism. Among the most famous natural resources at an international level, is the Lago Ypacaraí. This lake is a very important natural attraction and the town of Areguá. The capital of the department is located on the banks of this lake
Modulation (music)
Most pieces of music will modulate, especially if they are long pieces. It gives the music variety and helps to give it shape: the farther away from the tonic it goes the more tension there is. When the music eventually returns to the original key it feels like a homecoming.
Columbus Day
Columbus Day is a holiday celebrating the day Columbus landed on San Salvador. It is celebrated in many countries. This holiday is very controversial because of the way Columbus treated the Native Americans at the time.
Lil Scrappy
Darryl Raynard Richardson III (born January 19, 1984) is an American rapper. He is better known as Lil Scrappy.
He released his first album Bred 2 Die · Born 2 Live on December 5, 2006. The album featured the single "Money in the Bank". This song was featured in the video game WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2007. He released his second album Tha Gru$tle on June 26, 2012.
He also was featured in the hip hop drama movie Just Another Day where he played the character "Jay". Scrappy appears on the VH1 reality show Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta. He is working on a third studio album which is expected to be released sometime in Spring 2014.
George County, Mississippi
George County is a county found in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 22,578 people lived there. Its county seat is Lucedale.
Cisano Bergamasco
Cisano Bergamasco is a comune in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region of Lombardy.
The Evergreen State College
The Evergreen State College is a public college in Olympia, Washington, United States. There are about 4500 students enrolled and it was founded in 1967.
Suicide of Rehtaeh Parsons
On the Facebook page raised in tribute to her daughter, her mother blamed the young men who had raped her.
In November 2011, then aged 15, she was sexually abused at a friend's house during a party. She doesn't remember what happened that day, only remembers throwing up.
Nissan Terrano II
The Nissan Terrano II was a automobile that was made by Nissan Motor Company, introduced in 1993. It was replaced by the Nissan Qashqai in 2006.
Challuy
Challuy is a commune in the Nièvre department in central France.
Suicide of Rehtaeh Parsons
The photos of the November 2011 sexual abuse that took place were made public in just three days. Since then, several colleagues started calling her a prostitute and began sending her text messages asking for sex. She told her family and police what happened several days later.
Christian cross
The Christian cross is the main symbol of the Christian religion. These crosses are usually found on Christian churches.
Christians believe that Jesus' death made the sins of all humans who trust in him, go away, and that they are forgiven. They also believe that Jesus was resurrected (came back to life) after three days. Because of this, the cross is a symbol for Jesus' sacrifice and suffering, but also a symbol of hope, forgiveness of sins, and victory over death.
There are several different Christian crosses that are symbols for different Christian groups or persons.
The empty cross is usually favoured by Protestants and Eastern Orthodox, and the symbol reminds them of the Resurrection of Jesus, though the Orthodox will add a slanted footbar, as well. The crucifix is favoured by Catholic churches and is a reminder of Christ's sacrifice. Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Jesus died on a simple upright pole, a "torture stake" ; and only display it as a picture of an impaled Jesus in their literature.
Christians remember the death of Jesus on the cross on Good Friday every year.
Latin Cross
The most common cross is the Latin Cross. The cross represents and memorializes Christ's death.
This cross is a symbol of hope over death, and of victory in returning to life. (See Philippians 2:8-9)
Other uses
The non-Christian religion of Scientology, also uses the Latin cross (but with a star in the middle) as its symbol.
List of national slogans
This is a list of national slogans used by organized opposing' teams, or by its nationalist citizens who are attempting to organize fellow patriotism respectively.
Vara Municipality
Vara Municipality (Vara kommun) is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Vara.
Battle of Princeton
The Battle of Princeton was a battle during the American Revolution. It was fought in January of 1777 near Princeton, New Jersey. The battle came a week after the Battle of Trenton, where General George Washington had led the Continental Army to a surprise victory over the British.
The Continental Army, led by Washington, advanced to Princeton after their victory at Trenton. The army defeated a small British force. A larger British force, led by Charles Cornwallis, was alerted and gave chase. However, the Continental Army burned the bridges behind them and sniped at the British army before escaping to Morristown, New Jersey.
Bruno Martini
Bruno Martini (25 January 1962 – 20 October 2020) was a French footballer who played as a goalkeeper.
Battle of Princeton
The battle resulted in about 200 casualties (deaths) for the British along with another 300 injured or captured, while the Americans suffered minimal losses. The battle boosted American morale.
Bruno Martini
He played for Auxerre between 1981 to 1995. He also played for the national team from 1987 to 1996. Martini represented the nation in two European Championships.
President of Slovakia
The President of the Slovak Republic (Prezident Slovenskej republiky) is the head of state of Slovakia and the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces. The president is directly elected by the people for five years. They can serve up to two terms. The president's official residence is the Grassalkovich Palace in Bratislava.
Bruno Martini
Martini died on 20 October 2020 of cardiac arrest caused by heart failure in Montpellier, aged 58.
President of Slovakia
The current president is Zuzana Čaputová, who took office on 15 June 2019.
Copper(II) oxide
Properties
Copper(II) oxide is a black solid. It dissolves in acids to make copper(II) salts. It can react with carbon monoxide or hydrogen to make copper metal. It dissolves in very concentrated alkalis. It dissolves in ammonia to make a dark blue solution, similar to copper(II) hydroxide.
Preparation
It can be made by heating copper(II) hydroxide. It can also be made by heating copper in air. It can also be made by heating copper(II) carbonate or copper(II) nitrate.
Uses
Copper(II) oxide is used to color ceramics. It is also used to make thermite. It can react with many toxic chemicals to oxidize them, so they are not toxic any more. It can be added to vitamins to get copper into the body. It can also be added to clothing to kill germs.
Safety
Copper(II) oxide is toxic when eaten. It can be eaten in very small amounts, such as in vitamins. This adds copper to the body, which is needed.
Office of the Prime Minister (Ethiopia)
The Prime Minister's Office (Officially the Office of the Prime Minister) is a cabinet level government organization tasked with supervising all government agencies including the Ministry of Peace which itself supervises dozens of other government agencies as the National Intelligence Security Service. It directly has authority of the Republican Guard which is inside the Ministry of Defense but takes orders by the PMO.
Freya Davies
Freya Ruth Davies is a cricketer from England. Davies plays for the England women's cricket team. She was born on October 27, 1995.
Vigny, Val-d'Oise
Vigny is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Val-d'Oise department in north France.
Fork
A fork is a tool for eating. It has points called tines. Most forks have three or four tines. Some cooking-forks have two tines. The tines help you pick up your food. Forks are useful only for eating solid food. For example, a fork would be useless for eating soup because all the soup would fall through the tines and into your lap. Most forks are made of metal. Some are made of plastic or wood.
The word "fork" is also used to describe a two choices of course. A fork in the road would be a split in the road leading in two (or more) directions. A forked tongue would have two parts or tips.
Forks are very common in Western culture. Many countries do not use forks, but instead have their own ways to eat food, such as chopsticks.
Reorganized National Government of China
The Reorganized National Government of China, also known as the Wang Jingwei regime (汪精衛政權) was a puppet government in China. It was led by Wang Jingwei, under the protection of the Empire of Japan. The regime ended in 1945, at the end of World War II.
Pierre-Louis Maupertuis
Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis (1698 – 27 July 1759) was a French mathematician, philosopher and man of letters. He became the Director of the Académie des Sciences, and the first President of the Prussian Academy of Science, at the invitation of Frederick the Great.
Arturo Di Modica
Arturo Di Modica (January 26, 1941 – February 19, 2021) was an Italian-born American sculptor. He was known for his Charging Bull sculpture which he left outside the New York Stock Exchange on December 15, 1989, as his gift to the United States. Di Modica received the Ellis Island Medal of Honor in 1999. Di Modica was born in Vittoria, Sicily.
Di Modica died on February 19, 2021 in Vittoria, aged 80. The cause of death was cancer.
Saint-Mars-la-Jaille
Saint-Mars-la-Jaille was a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France. On 1 January 2018, it was merged into the new commune of Vallons-de-l'Erdre.
Memorial Day
Memorial Day is a national holiday in the United States. It is also a state holiday in many states. The holiday honors troops who have died in past wars like World War I and the Korean War. It was founded by U.S. Army General John A. Logan, who fought in the Civil War and the Mexican–American War.
Memorial Day was first held in 1865 after the American Civil War. It was called Decoration Day at that time. The holiday was first called Memorial Day in 1882, and became a federal holiday in 1967. On June 28, 1968, the United States Congress made a law that said that the official Memorial Day holiday is May 30, but that Memorial Day was to be observed by federal employees as a paid holiday on the last Monday in May.
Memorial Day is thought of by many Americans as being the start of summer.