cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
Rishi Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay (27 June 1838 – 8 April 1894) was a Bengali writer, poet and journalist. He was the composer of India's national song Vande Mataram. It was originally a Bengali and Sanskrit stotra (hymn) portraying India as a mother goddess. The song inspired the activists during the Indian Independence Movement. Chattopadhyay wrote 13 novels. He also wrote several 'serious, serio-comic, satirical, scientific and critical articles in Bengali. His works were widely translated into other regional languages of India. Chattopadhyay was born to an orthodox Brahmin family. He was educated at Hooghly Mohsin College. The college was founded by Bengali philanthropist Muhammad Mohsin and Presidency College, Calcutta. He was one of the first graduates of the University of Calcutta. From 1858, until his retirement in 1891, he served as a deputy magistrate and deputy collector in the government of British India.
Thorington
Thorington is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 76 people living in Thorington. Thorington has a church called St Peter.
Ficheux
Ficheux is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Athletics at the 1930 Women's World Games – 100 metres
The 100 metres at the 1930 Women's World Games was held in Prague at the Letná Stadium, from 6-8 September 1930.
Heats
The heats took place on 6 September.
Heat 1
Sources:
Heat 2
Source:
Heat 3
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Heat 4
Source:
Heat 5
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Semi-finals
The semi-finals took place on Sunday 7 September, with bad weather conditions. The top two athletes of each semi-final qualified for the final.
Semi-final 3
Sources
Final
8 September
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Duke Nukem 3D
Duke Nukem 3D is a first-person shooter video game. It was made by 3D Realms and sold by Apogee Software. It was first sold on January 29, 1996. Duke Nukem 3D is based on the main character from the platform games Duke Nukem and Duke Nukem II which were also published by Apogee. The character is voiced by Jon St. John.
Gameplay
In the game, players control Duke Nukem, an action hero from Earth. Players must fight invading aliens that want to take over Earth. The game is made up of 28 levels spread over three chapters. An add-on pack called The Plutonium Pak, later added a fourth episode of 11 new levels, new enemies, and one new weapon.
The game is a first person shooter, so the player sees the game from Duke's eyes. Instead of following the character around like a third-person shooter, Duke Nukem is like being inside Duke, and the player can see Duke's hands and weapons on the screen. The player fights the aliens, most often by shooting at them with different guns, but Duke can also kick, and throw pipe bombs like grenades. The player must also sometimes solve puzzles to find the way through the level.
Duke Nukem 3D is set "sometime in the early 21st century", starting in a badly worn down Los Angeles. The game moves on to places such as lunar space stations. An alien transgenic species has invaded Earth while Duke has been fighting in space. Duke crash lands back on Earth and finds most humans are gone. Only a few women remain as slaves for the aliens. America has been turned into a wasteland, and pornography has become the only entertainment.
Level design
The levels of Duke Nukem 3D take the player outdoors and indoors, on the street, inside military bases, deserts, flooded cities, space stations, moon bases and Japanese villas. Levels were designed with many routes so that players can climb through air ducts, back doors and sewers to avoid enemies or find hidden secrets. This makes the levels well suited to multiplayer deathmatchs. The secret items also include (light switches to make it easier to see, water fountains and broken hydrants provide some health points) or simply provide a touch of diversion and strippers who Duke tells jokes to and sometimes they open up their clothes.
Weapons and equipment
The game includes a range of weapons, some of which, even today, are still unique to the Duke Nukem series. They range from Duke's foot for kicking, a pistol, a "Chain gun" (similar in design to the Nordenfelt gun), pipe bombs, freeze- and shrink-rays, and laser-trip-mines.
Aside from weapons, Nukem can also find 'medkits' to heal himself whenever the player chooses. Steroids make the player move faster, as well as removing the effects of the shrink-ray. Nightvision goggles allow players to see enemies in the dark. The "HoloDuke" device projects a fake hologram of Duke that can be used to trick enemies. Protective boots allow the player to cross dangerously hot or toxic floors. For underwater scenes, scuba gear (an aqua-lung) can be used to let Duke breathe. One of the favorite items is the jetpack which allows the player to fly up in the sky, often to reach hidden weapons or extra health. Many of the secret items such as the jetpack, the scuba gear and the night vision goggles only last for a short time. Weapons also have a limited number of ammunition.
Multiplayer
In 1996, at the time of the game's release, Internet-based gaming was just beginning and Duke Nukem 3D could be played on IPX LAN or modem. Duke Nukem 3D players often used the IPX network utility Kali or the Total Entertainment Network (TEN) online service. Kali allowed users to join a chat room to find opponents. The Total Entertainment Network had hundreds of Duke 3D players online at any time, but players had to pay money monthly for it. The game's levels are often used as the battlegrounds for these online players, bur users are able to create their own levels ("maps"). The game also features co-operative play (co-op) which allows players to fight against the aliens instead of each other. In the "Atomic" version, a new game play mode was introduced: Duke Tag, a "capture the flag" style mode.
Technology
Ken Silverman's Build engine allowed complicated levels. The game could use slopes in the floors. It also supports upwards and downwards mouse aiming (though aiming up and down distorts the graphics due to not having perspective correction).
Duke Nukem 3D Build engine had doors/walls that can move sideways. The Build scripting system allows a whole string of moving and sliding parts with sound effects, such as buildings falling down, earthquakes, and walls that break apart when hit with explosives. One of the more advanced effects is the horizontal sliding platform that can move the player inside a small sliding room, which made it possible to create subway cars moving in a timed sequence around a ring-shaped track.
The Build engine makes horizontally moving platforms possible by allowing several objects to pass through the same 2D space. While inside one of these spaces, it is not possible to see into the other space, and so the Byuild 2.5D engine has no problem rendering one space or the other even though the map data literally shows the two areas to be occupying the same place. Several Duke Nukem 3D maps use this feature to create bizarre mind-bending maps where multiple large rooms all seem to be occupying one 3D space. One secret level in particular ("Lunatic Fringe" from episode 2, Lunar Apocalypse) has a map where the player can travel 720 degrees around a circle and not cross their path. This would be much more difficult to duplicate with modern true-3D map editors and engines.
An early beta (testing) version of Duke Nukem 3D called LameDuke was released by 3D Realms as a "bonus" one year after the release of the official version. It has been released as is, with no support.
LameDuke features four episodes. Some weapons were removed and/or altered from the original versions.
Adult content
Duke Nukem 3D is often thought of as one of the first videogames to have adult humor and sexual themes, especially in the first-person shooter genre. Jokes about American consumerism, Hollywood culture, and sex in the media are made all through the game. Duke's world is out of control and virtually all forms of entertainment in this future have been reduced to pornography by the aliens.
The game has been heavily attacked by some critics, who claim that it supports pornography and murder. Media Watch made the following comments about the game.
In reality, Duke Nukem 3D does not contain a "bonus points" system; even accidental shooting of innocents in the game is, sometimes, punished by a sudden group of enemies attacking.
Duke Nukem 3D was banned in Brazil, along with Quake, Doom and several other violent first-person shooters. As a response to complaints, censored versions of the game were sold in some countries to avoid being banned. In Germany, the BPjM placed the game on the List of Media Harmful to Young People.
Starrkirch-Wil
Starrkirch-Wil is a municipality in the district Olten in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.
Duke Nukem 3D
Add-on software
Many spin-offs and modifications to the original Duke Nukem 3D were produced after the game's initial launch.
Plutonium PAK/Atomic Edition: The Atomic Edition of Duke Nukem 3D was first sold in November 1996, and contained the original 3 episode game as well as a new eleven-level fourth episode. The Plutonium PAK was also sold as an upgrade package to convert the first available version of Duke Nukem 3D (v1.3d) to the new Atomic Edition (v1.4, later upgraded again to v1.5). It includes three new enemies: the Protector Drone, the Pig Cop Tank, and a new boss known as The Alien Queen. It also includes a new weapon, the Microwave Expander, with its own special ammunition. It also has several improvements to the software of the game, which allow the game's players to create new enemies and items. Also this version includes a computer controlled second player to simulate multiplayer games.
Fiennes, Pas-de-Calais
Fiennes, Pas-de-Calais is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Duke Nukem 3D
Add-on software
Duke it out in D.C.: In this storyline, President Bill Clinton is captured by alien forces, and it is up to Duke to save him. This pack has levels that are based on real locations of Washington DC, such as the White House, the FBI headquarters, the Smithsonian museum, and the Washington Monument and others. This game was also developed by Sunstorm Interactive.
Duke: Nuclear Winter: This one was developed by Simply Silly Software. In the storyline, Santa Claus is mind-controlled by aliens into causing trouble on Earth. Several of the levels take place near the North Pole. This game has sometimes been criticized for using content from the original Duke Nukem 3D.
Duke Xtreme: An add-on developed by Sunstorm Interactive and contained 50 levels and many items. This version had many technical problems.
Duke!Zone (Parts 1 and 2): Was sold by WizardWorks and had over 500 levels made by fans of Duke Nukem 3D. Duke!ZONE II, contained three episodes designed by WizardWorks.
Compilations
Duke Nukem 3D has been included in several compilations. A bundle called East Meets West included the full versions of Duke Nukem 3D: Atomic Edition and Shadow Warrior. A bundle called Duke Nukem: Kill-A-Ton Collection featured Duke Nukem 3D: Atomic Edition, Duke Xtreme, Duke!ZONE II, Duke Nukem I (Duke Nukum), Duke Nukem II, and various other utilities. Both of these compilations are no longer sold. Earlier packages of Duke Nukem 3D also included the complete versions of Duke Nukem I and II as a bonus.
In 1998, 3D Realms filed a lawsuit against Micro Star over its add-on pack Nuke It and won.
Software projects working with the GPL licensed source code
The source code to the Duke Nukem 3D v1.5 executable, which uses the Build engine, was released as free software under the GPL on April 1, 2003. The artwork remains copyright protected. Many programmers altered so that it can be played on modern computers. As of 2007, these projects gave the game a second life in multiplayer games through the Internet and a growing community is still actively playing.
The first modern Duke Nukem 3D project was from icculus.org. It is a cross-platform project that allows the game to be played on BeOS, FreeBSD, Linux, Mac OS X, Solaris, Windows and prossibly others. The icculus.org software would later be used in the Rancidmeat, and later, the xDuke projects.
One popular project is Jonathon Fowler's JFDuke3D, which the original creator of 'Duke Nukem 3D, Ken Silverman, gave support to, in December 2003. Fowler and Silverman produced a new version of JFDuke3D using Polymost, an OpenGL software product for Build, which uses much more advanced 3D models, and 32-bit color. Another project JFDuke3D called xDuke (not related to the xDuke project by icculus.org/duke3d) was created for play on the Xbox.
Silverman has helped Fowler with a lot of other software work related to the game.
Here is a list of some of the most popular Duke Nukem 3D versions played in 2008:
Enhancement by fans
Projects such as the Duke Nukem 3D High Resolution Pack were started to give the game the same quality as modern games. There are plans to continue enhancing the 'Duke Nukem 3D software but no new versions of JFDuke3D have appeared since 2005.
A few projects have been created from the EDuke version (most notably WinEDuke and EDuke 2.1.1), but it was not until the release of Richard Gobeille's EDuke32 (a version of JFDuke3D using Saettler's EDuke software) in 2004 that EDuke became a the most popular with programmers. EDuke32 has been capable of playing OGG music since September 2007. A pack of music was compiled is planned to be part of future versions of the High Resolution Pack. In June 2008, EDuke32 became the first Duke Nukem 3D project to be played as 64-bit software thanks to the DOSBox team.
Console versions
In 1997, Duke Nukem 3D versions were sold for all the major consoles of the time.
PlayStation
The PlayStation version, Duke Nukem: Total Meltdown, includes six extra areas and a secret level, which was also included in the PC version. It has some music from the PC version, some from the original, in Streaming XA-Audio made by Mark Knight, new enemies and a new boss.
Sega Saturn
The Sega Saturn version was created by Lobotomy Software and sold by Sega. It uses Lobotomy's SlaveDriver software. This version uses the Sega NetLink for online play, and is played with the Saturn's analog pad. It also includes a hidden multiplayer mini-game called Death Tank Zwei. The Nintendo 64 version was named Duke Nukem 64 and can be played by four players on a split-screen. There is no music in this version and many items have been renamed to avoid drug and sex references. Other changes include a fully 3D model for the final boss.
Ojārs Ēriks Kalniņš
Ojārs Ēriks Kalniņš (22 October 1949 – 14 October 2021) was a Latvian politician. He was a member of the Saeima from 2010 until his death in 2021. He was in charge of the Latvian Institute from 1999 until 2010. He also was the Ambassador to the United States from 1993 until 1999. Kalniņš was born in Munich, Germany.
Duke Nukem 3D
Tiger Electronics
A version of Duke Nukem 3D was also released for the Game.com, Tiger's handheld system.
Ojārs Ēriks Kalniņš
Kalniņš died on 14 October 2021 in Riga, Latvia one week before his 72nd birthday.
Beelzebub
Beelzebub ( Baʿal-zəḇūḇ) was originally a Philistine deity but is now used as another term for Satan.
Duke Nukem 3D
Xbox Live Arcade
A Duke Nukem 3D version has been sold for Xbox Live since September 24, 2008. This version includes the ability to "rewind" the game to any point if Duke gets killed, video recording and online multiplayer games. The music is slightly better quality using modern MIDI tools.
Weston, Illinois (McLean County)
Weston, Illinois is an unincorporated community in McLean County, Illinois. It is on U.S. Route 24.
History
On 26 August 1867, W. F. Bryan laid out Weston. The Original Town included 288 small lots, five blocks that were not subdivided and a Public Park. The depot and town hall were on the south side of the tracks. The station was for the Toledo Peoria and Western Railroad. In 1895 there were four churches. Just east of town, Western Cemetery has an area of natural tall grass prairie.
Rosidae
Rosidae is a botanical name at the rank of subclass. Circumscription of the subclass will vary with the taxonomic system being used; the only requirement being that it includes the family Rosaceae.
Rosidae as governed by the ICBN is in the Cronquist system in 1981.
This definition includes Crossosomatales, Geraniales, Myrtales, Fabidae (Celastrales, Cucurbitales, Fabales, Fagales, Huaceae, Oxalidales, Malpighiales, Rosales and Zygophyllales), Malvidae (Brassicales, Huerteales, Malvales, and Sapindales) as they are defined in the APG III system.
Deuterium
Deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen, the first element. Deuterium has one proton and one neutron. Hydrogen does not have a neutron, only a proton. Another isotope of hydrogen, tritium, has two neutrons. The chemical symbol for Deuterium is 2H but D is also used often.
Two deuterium atoms combined with an oxygen atom is sometimes called "heavy water." This is because it is like water (H2O), but heavier because deuterium has one more neutron in its nucleus. Heavy water is sometimes used in nuclear reactors. It is also used as a solvent for NMR spectroscopy. This is because it will dissolve the sample, like normal water, but it will not be detected by the magnet in an 1H NMR.
Tom and Jerry: The Movie
Tom and Jerry: The Movie (also known as Tom and Jerry: The Great Escape) is an 1993 German-American animated comedy-adventure musical family movie directed by Phil Roman produced by Film Roman and Turner Entertainment, distributed by Miramax Films, released in Germany by October 1, 1992 and United States on July 30, 1993. as the first film's installment of the Tom and Jerry Movie trilogy, with few direct-to-video sequels then.
Voice cast
Additional voices include Raymond McLeod as Bulldog, Alley Cat 1, Scott Wohjahn as Alley Cat 3, Mitchell D. Moore as Alley Cat 2, Greg Burson, BJ Ward, Tino Insana.
Rockwell, Arkansas
It is found at 34.46444°N, -93.13389°W (34.464348, -93.133816).
Fiefs, Pas-de-Calais
Fiefs is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Germany at the Olympics
German athletes have been a part of most of the Olympic Games since the first modern Games in 1896.
The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Germany is GER.
History
Germany has hosted three Olympic Games. They hosted both the Winter and Summer Games in 1936. They also hosted the 1972 Summer Olympics. Germany was also to be the host of the 1916 Summer Olympics and the 1940 Winter Olympics. Neither of these were held because of World War I and World War II. After these wars, Germans were not allowed to be a part of the Olympics in 1920, 1924 and 1948. From after World War II until 1990, the country was divided and took part in the Olympics separately. Each of the two German states boycotted the Summer Games. West Germany was one of 65 countries that did not go to Moscow in 1980. This boycott was because of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. In 1984 East Germany joined the Soviet boycott of the Summer Games in Los Angeles.
German athletes have won 1618 medals. . They have won 528 gold, 542 silver and 548 bronze medals.
German post-WW2 division until 1990
German organisations were ended by the Allies in 194. In 1950 the IOC accepted the Nationales Olympisches Komitee für Deutschland for all of Germany. It was in (West) Germany.
Due to the Cold War, the (German Democratic Republic) was created in October 1949. A National Olympic Committee (NOC) for East Germany was created in 1951. It was not accepted by the IOC at first. Until 1965, athletes of the NOC of East Germany had to join the German team represented by the NOC of (West) Germany. This team took part in the Olympics from 1956 to 1964. It is now called the United Team of Germany (EUA, "Equipe Unifiée Allemande"), but was Germany (GER) then. Because of Germany being divided, from 1968 to 1990 two teams took part in each of the Games. Their designations were GER for the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) and GDR for the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). In 1980 the West German code was changed to FRG. After the East Germany became a part of Germany again in 1990, Germany had a single team. It was designated GER.
In the early 1950s the French-controlled Saar had its own NOC. It took part in the 1952 Summer Olympics. It became a part of the German Olympic team in 1956.
Bromine
Bromine (Br) is a chemical element. Its atomic number (which is the number of protons in it) is 35, and its atomic weight is 80. It is part of the Group 7 elements (halogens) on the periodic table. It is diatomic, which means that two atoms are stuck together to make a molecule in any bromine sample.
Physical properties
Bromine is a red-brown liquid. Liquid elements are rare; only bromine and mercury are liquid at room temperature. It easily evaporates to make suffocating brown fumes. It has a bad smell. Its name means "stench of he-goats". It can become a metal at very high pressures.
It has two stable isotopes. They are 79Br and 81Br. There are about 29 other radioactive isotopes.
Chemical properties
Bromine is quite reactive. Its reactivity is between chlorine, which is more reactive, and iodine, which is less reactive. It reacts with metals and nonmetals. Phosphorus reacts violently with bromine. Aluminum reacts in a similar way. It can bleach things like chlorine. It reacts better in the light. It dissolves a little in water. Hot water makes it disproportionate into hydrobromic acid and hypobromous acid. Bromine can form compounds with substances such as sodium to form sodium bromide.
Chemical compounds
Bromine forms compounds in many oxidation states: –1, +1, +3, +5, and (sometimes) +7. –1 is the most common. It is found as bromide. Bromides are not reactive. They are colorless solids that dissolve in water easily. Covalent bromides can be liquids or gases. The other compounds are all strong oxidizing agents. Their chlorine cousins are more common. +1 has the hypobromites, which are unstable. +3 has the bromites. Bromine dioxide is the only common bromine compound found in the +4 oxidation state. +5 has the bromates, which are more common than all the other ones except the bromides. Bromates are strong oxidizing agents and are sometimes added to flour. +7 has the perbromates. Perbromates are very unstable.
Occurrence
Bromine is found as bromide in the ocean and in brine pools. The Dead Sea has a lot of bromide in it. Bromine is not an important part of our body, unlike its relatives chlorine and iodine.
Preparation
Bromine is made by bubbling chlorine gas through a solution of a bromide. The bromide is oxidized to bromine, while the chlorine is reduced to chloride.
Uses
It is mainly used to make organobromine compounds, organic compounds with bromine in them. Organobromines are used to put out fires. They used to be added to gasoline. Some were used as pesticides. Some inorganic bromides were used as sedatives. Bromine can also be used as a disinfectant. Silver bromide is used in film.
Fillièvres
Fillièvres is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
44 (number)
Forty-four is a number. It comes between forty-three and forty-five, and is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 4, 11, 22 and itself, 44.
43 (number)
Forty-three is a number. It comes between forty-two and forty-four, and is an odd number. It is also the 14th prime number, after 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23,  29, 31, 37, and 41.
Sami literature
Sámi literature has been written at least since 1673.
Prose (in Sámi language) has been written since 1910.
Prose
The first prose (in a Sámi language) came in 1910: ["a story about the life of the Sami ]" Muitalus samiid birra. It was written by a wolf hunter, Johan Turi. The financing of the book, was by a Swedish captain of industry, Hjalmar Lundbohm(en).
The first novel (in a Sami language) came in 1912: ["dawn"] Beaivi-álgu - by Anders Larsen.
Staves, Arkansas
Staves is a census-designated place (CDP) in the US state of Arkansas.
Raymond Setlakwe
Raymond C. Setlakwe, (3 July 1928 – 14 October 2021) was a Canadian businessman, lawyer and Liberal politician. Setlakwe was born in Thetford Mines, Quebec, Canada. He was a member of the Senate of Canada between 2000 until 2003.
Setlakwe died on 14 October 2021, aged 93.
Edward Greenspan
Edward Leonard Greenspan, QC (February 28, 1944 – December 24, 2014) was a Canadian lawyer and author. He was of Jewish descent. He was one of the most famous defence lawyers in Canada. He owned the popular Canadian Broadcasting Corporation radio series, The Scales of Justice (1982–1989) and television series (1990-1994).
Greenspan died of heart failure at the age of 70 at his family home in Phoenix, Arizona in 2014.
Pha That Luang
Pha That Luang (ᝩᝦᝦᝮᝳᝠᝥ) (Romanization: Pa Tata Luanga) is a buddhist temple in Vientiane, Laos. It is the most popular Buddhist temple in Laos.
History
Buddhist missionaries from the Mauryan Empire are believed to have been sent by the Emperor Ashoka, including Bury Chan or Praya Chanthabury Pasithisak and five Arahata monks who brought a holy relic (believed to be the breastbone) of Lord Buddha to the stupa in the 3rd century BC. It was rebuilt in the 13th century as a Khmer temple which fell into ruin.
In the mid-16th century, King Setthathirat relocated his capital from Luang Prabang to Vientiane and ordered the construction of Pha That Luang in 1566. It was rebuilt about 4 km from the centre of Vientiane at the end of Pha That Luang Road and named Pha That Luang. The bases had a length of 69 metres each and was 45 metres high, and was surrounded by 30 small Stupas.
In 1641, a Dutch envoy of the Dutch East India Company, Gerrit van Wuysthoff, visited Vientiane and was received by King Sourigna Vongsa at the temple, where he was, reportedly, received in a magnificent ceremony. He wrote that he was particularly impressed by the "enormous pyramid and the top was covered with gold leaf weighing about a thousand pounds".[4] However, the stupa was repeatedly plundered by the Burmese, Siamese and Chinese.
Pha That Luang was destroyed by the Thai invasion in 1828, which left it heavily damaged and abandoned. It was not until 1900 that the French restored to its original design based on the detailed drawings from 1867 by the French architect and explorer Louis Delaporte. However the first attempt to restore it was unsuccessful and it had to be redesigned and then reconstructed in the 1930s.[3] During the Franco-Thai War, Pha That Luang was heavily damaged during a Thai air raid. After the end of World War II, the Pha That Luang was reconstructed.
Architecture
The architecture of the building includes many references to Lao culture and identity, and so has become a symbol of Lao nationalism.
The first level is 223 feet (67 metres) by 226 feet (68 metres); the second is 157 feet (47 metres) along each side; and the third level is 98 feet (29 metres) along each side. From ground to pinnacle, the Pha That Luang is 147.6 feet (44 metres) high. Only the pinnacle is covered in real gold, the remainder of the stupa is painted a gold color.
The area around Pha That Luang is now gated, to keep traffic out. Previously visitors could drive around the whole complex. The encircling walls are roughly 279 feet (85 metres) long on each side and contain a large number of Lao and Khmer sculptures including one of Jayavarman VII.
Gallery
King Jayavarman VII of the Khmer empire
The naga of Pha That Luang
Adlai Stevenson III
Adlai Ewing Stevenson III (October 10, 1930 – September 6, 2021) was an American politician of the Democratic Party. He represented the state of Illinois in the United States Senate from 1970 until 1981. His father was Governor Adlai Stevenson II and his grandfather was Vice President Adlai E. Stevenson.
Pha That Luang
Gallery
Pha That Luang
Adlai Stevenson III
Stevenson III was born in Chicago, Illinois on October 10, 1930. He went to Milton Academy in Massachusetts, Harrow School, in England, and Harvard College. Stevenson had one son with his wife Nancy Anderson.
Stevenson died from problems caused by Lewy body dementia at his home in Chicago on September 6, 2021, at age 90.
Pha That Luang
Gallery
The stupa of Pha That Luang (inside the temple)
Lee Wan-koo
Lee Wan-koo (16 July 1950 – 14 October 2021) was a South Korean politician. He was a member of the Liberty Korea Party. Lee was born in Cheongyang County, then-First Republic of Korea.
From 2006 until 2009, he was the Governor of the South Chungcheong Province. From 1996 until 2004 and again from 2013 until 2016, he was a member of the National Assembly. For a short time in 2015, he was the Prime Minister of South Korea during the Park Geun-hye cabinet.
In early 2010, Lee was diagnosed with multiple myeloma and recovered in 2013. However the cancer returned in 2016 and Lee died from the disease on 14 October 2021 in Seoul at the age of 71.
Ansei
Ansei (安政) was a Japanese era name (年号,) after Kaei and before Man'en. This period started in November 1854 and ended in March 1860. During this time, the emperor was Kōmei-tennō (孝明天皇).
The nengō Ansei means "tranquil government".
Minerva, New York
Minerva is a town in Essex County, New York, United States. The population was 809 at the 2010 census. The town is named after the Roman goddess of wisdom, Minerva.
Louis Braille
Louis Braille (4 January 1809 - 6 January 1852) was a French inventor. He was born in Coupvray. He invented the script braille system, which helps blind people to read. Braille is read by passing one's fingers over characters made up of an arrangement of one to six raised points. It has been adapted to almost every known language. Numbers can be written normal in Braille and there are as well some short forms for common words.
Braille was the child of a leather maker. He was the youngest of four children. He had three older siblings, two sisters and a brother. He became blind at the age of three, because he accidentally stuck a stitching awl into one eye while he was in his father's workshop. At the time, there were no antibiotics, and soon his injured eye was infected. The infection spread to his other eye and soon, he became blind in both eyes. He went to the Royal Institute of Blind Youth when he was 10. Braille was a good student, especially in science and music. Later, when he was an adult, he became a church organist. He was also a teacher at the Institute of Blind Youth. Braille died in Paris at the age of 43 of a disease called tuberculosis.
Haghpat Monastery
Haghpat Monastery, also known as Haghpatavank (Հաղպատավանք), is a medieval monastery complex in Haghpat, Armenia.
The monastery
The monastery was founded by Queen Khosrovanuysh, wife of the Bagratid king Ashot III, probably in 976. The nearby monastery at Sanahin was built around the same time.
The largest church in the complex, the Cathedral of Surb Nishan, probably begun in 976, was completed in 991 by king Smbat. It is a typical example of tenth century Armenian architecture, its central dome rests on the four imposing pillars of the lateral walls. The Armenian Prince Khutulukhaga, is depicted in the south transept (a transversal nave intersecting the main nave). The sons of the church's founder, Princes Smbat and Kurike, are shown with Queen Khosravanuysh in a bas-relief f. Excepet from one or two minor restorations carried out in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, the church is preserved its original character.
There are several other structures at the site as well. There is the small domed Church of Sourb Grigor (St. Gregory ) from 1005. Two side chapels were added to the original church; the larger one built in the beginning of the 13th century and the smaller, known as "Hamazasp House", built in 1257. In 1245. Other 13th century additions include the chapel of Sourb Astvatsatsin, the scriptorium, and a large refectory which is outside the monastery limits.
There are also a number of splendid khachkars (cross-stones) of the 11th-13th centuries standing on the territory of the monastery.
The monastery has been damaged many times. Sometime around 1130, an earthquake destroyed parts of Haghpat Monastery and it was not restored until fifty years later. It also suffered numerous attacks by armed forces in the many centuries of its existence and from a major earthquake in 1988. But much of the complex is still intact today without substantial alterations.
Today the area is an popular tourist site.
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Described as a "masterpiece of religious architecture and a major center of learning in the Middle Ages", Haghpat monastery, together with Sanahin monastery, was placed on UNESCO's World Heritage List in 1996.
The monasteries at Haghpat and Sanahin were chosen as UNESCO World Heritage Sites because: The two monastic complexes represent the highest flowering of Armenian religious architecture, with unique style developed from a mix of elements of Byzantine ecclesiastical architecture and the traditional vernacular architecture of the Caucasian region.
Floris Maljers
Biography
Maljers was born in Middelburg in 1933 into a grocer's family. He studied economics at the University of Amsterdam. After graduating he started as an intern at a parent company of Unilever, where he quickly made his career. Via a Colombian fat factory, a Turkish jasmine plantation and a margarine factory in Rotterdam, he became in 1984 CEO of the Unilever. He earned a Royal title from British Queen Elizabeth II. In 1994 he was succeeded as CEO by Morris Tabaksblad. As he remained active in business world, and so became a mentor for Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands. From 1994 to 1999 he was the chairman at Philips. He also worked several times for Dutch ministries as a troubleshooter to solve economic issues like at the request of minister Hans Wijers being involved in the government support for the bankrupt Fokker and he was commission chairman for the flooding of the Hedwigepolder.
He received the gold Eremedaille voor Voortvarendheid en Vernuft.
Fluorine
Fluorine (symbol F) is a chemical element that is very poisonous. Its atomic number (which is the number of protons in it) is 9, and its atomic mass is 19. It is part of the Group 7 (halogens) on the periodic table of elements.
Properties
Fluorine is a light yellow diatomic gas. It is very reactive gas, which exists as diatomic molecules. It is the most reactive element. Fluorine has a very high attraction for electrons because it is missing one. This makes it the most powerful oxidizing agent. It can rip electrons from water (making oxygen) and ignite propane on contact. It does not need a spark. Metals can catch on fire when placed in a stream of fluorine. After it is reduced by reacting with other things, it forms the stable fluoride ion. Fluorine is very poisonous. Fluorine bonds very strongly with carbon. It can react with the unreactive noble gases. It explodes when mixed with hydrogen. The melting point of fluorine is -363.33°F (-219.62°C), the boiling point is -306.62°F (-188.12°C).
Chemical compounds
Chemical compounds containing fluorine ions are called fluorides. Fluorine only exists in one oxidation state: -1.
Preparation
Fluorine is normally made by electrolysis. Hydrogen fluoride is dissolved in potassium fluoride. This mixture is melted and an electric current is passed through it. This is electrolysis. Hydrogen is produced at one side and fluorine at the other side. If the sides are not separated, the cell may explode.
Someone made fluorine in 1986 without using electrolysis. They produced manganese(IV) fluoride by using various chemical compounds, which released fluorine gas.
Uses
Fluorine is used to enrich uranium for nuclear weapons. It is also used to make sulfur hexafluoride. Sulfur hexafluoride is used to propel stuff out of an aerosol can. It is also used to make integrated circuits. Fluorine compounds have many uses. Fluoride ions are in fluorine compounds. Fluoride ions can be in toothpaste. Some are used in nonstick coatings. Freons contain fluorine.
Safety
Fluorine as an element is extremely reactive and toxic. It can react with almost everything, even glass. Fluorine is also poisonous.
Fluoride ions are somewhat toxic. If too much toothpaste containing fluoride is eaten then fluoride poisoning may occur. Fluoride is not reactive, though.
Alejandro Orfila
Alejandro Orfila (9 March 1925 – 9 June 2021) was an Argentine politician and winemaker. He was born in Mendoza, Argentina. He was the Secretary General of the Organization of American States from 1975 to 1984 replacing Galo Plaza, an Ecuadorian President.
He was an active figure in United States foreign policies dealing with South American. He was a key figure in the Panama Canal Treaty formation. He was present when President Jimmy Carter signed the treaty in 1977. He worked with Carter to fight human rights abuses in the continent.
When Ronald Reagan became president, his influence decreased with Reagan and U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Jeane Kirkpatrick criticizing the Organization of American States.
In 1984, he was replaced with Brazilian diplomat João Clemente Baena Soares.
Orfila died on 9 June 2021 in San Diego, California at the age of 96.
Tuddenham St. Martin
Tuddenham St. Martin is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 337 people living in Tuddenham St. Martin. Tuddenham St. Martin has a church called St Martin.
Flers, Pas-de-Calais
Flers, Pas-de-Calais is a commune. It is in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in north France.
Henriette Ekwe Ebongo
Henriette Ekwe Ebongo (born 1950) is a Cameroon journalist, publisher and political activist. In 2011 she received the International Women of Courage Award from the United States Department of State.
Work
Ebongo works for freedom of the press, equality for women, human rights, and good government. She also works against corruption and discrimination against women. In the 1980s, she worked against dictatorship. During this time, she was tortured and taken to military court.
Netatmo
Founded in 2011, Netatmo is a French company specializing in connected objects. Their four products (weather station, thermostat  and camera  ) have been awarded by the "CES Innovations Design and Engineering Awards" in 2013, 2014   and 2015. In 2015, Welcome, won 4 awards in the following categories: "Smart Home", "Home Appliances", "Digital Imaging" and "Tech for a better World".
Sulphur Springs, Jefferson County, Arkansas
Sulphur Springs, also known as White Sulphur Springs, is a census-designated place (CDP) of Jefferson County in the US state of Arkansas.
Repenomamus
There is good evidence that it fed on dinosaurs. It is not known whether Repenomamus was a hunter or a scavenger.
Life style
Repenomamus was carnivorous. A specimen of R. robustus has been discovered with the fragmentary skeleton of a juvenile Psittacosaurus preserved in its stomach.
This is the strongest evidence that Mesozoic mammals fed on dinosaurs, though there were earlier indications of this.
The larger species, R. giganticus, is the largest mammal known from the Cretaceous. R. giganticus was more than 1 metre (39 inches) long and weighed about 12–14 kg (26–31 lb). Its skull measures 16 cm (6.25 in) long, its body 52 cm (20.5 in), and the preserved part of its tail 36 cm (14 in).
Discovery
The fossils were recovered from the lagerstätte of the Yixian Formation in the Liaoning Province of China, renowned for its extraordinarily well-preserved fossils of feathered dinosaurs. They have been dated to 130 million years ago, during the Lower Cretaceous period.
Repenomamus is a genus of triconodonts, a group of mammaliaformes with no modern relatives.
Boer
Boer (IPA: /bur/) is the Dutch word for farmer which is used to call the descendants of the Dutch farmers of Southern Africa during the 1700s, as well as those who left the Cape Colony during the 1800s to live in the Orange Free State, Transvaal and Natal. They did this to escape the British rule, and the wars between the British imperial government and the native tribes on the eastern frontier.
Woodlawn, Arkansas
Woodlawn is a census-designated place (CDP) in the US state of Arkansas.
Alfred G. Knudson
Alfred George Knudson, Jr. M.D., Ph.D. (August 9, 1922 – July 10, 2016) was an American geneticist. He worked in cancer genetics. He was known for the formulation of the Knudson hypothesis in 1971. It explains the effects of mutation on carcinogenesis (the development of cancer).
Knudson died on July 10, 2016 at his home in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from a long-illness at the age of 93.
Boer
In 1657, “vrybriewe” was granted to 9 burgers, the first farmers or Boers (Boere) at the Cape. Although they were not known as Afrikaners, they did not regard themselves as living in a European country. As more immigrants from Europe arrived at the Cape, more international marriages took place. Soon their language and culture were lost and transformed. They regarded themselves as a new nation, the Afrikaner people. Paul Heyns, born in 1696 christened his son Michiel Afrikanus (the Afrikaner).
One Hendrik Bieslow in 1707 proclaimed in public “Ik ben een Afrikaander”. The Boers later created the Boer Republics, which were defeated in the 1880-1881 and 1899–1902 Anglo-Boer wars (Anglo-Boere-oorloë). After that, many Boers emigrated to other countries, but many still live in modern South Africa, Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) and Zimbabwe.
Enschede
Enschede (Low Saxon: Eanske) is a municipality and city in the province of Overijssel, the Netherlands. About 161,194 people were living there in 2023.
It is the biggest city in Overijssel and borders Germany.
Enschede is also (informally) the capital of Twente region.
Fireworks accident
On 13 May 2000 there was a huge destruction caused by an accident in a fireworks factory. Twenty-three people were killed, while almost a thousand people were injured. Thousands of people lost their homes.
Quentin Oliver Lee
Quentin Oliver Lee (January 28, 1988 – December 1, 2022) was an American actor and operatic baritone. He is known for having worked on stage productions such as The Phantom of the Opera and Caroline or Change.
Fleurbaix
Fleurbaix is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Quentin Oliver Lee
Lee died of colon cancer on December 1, 2022. He was 34.
Beyond the Forest
Beyond the Forest is a 1949 American crime drama movie directed by King Vidor and was based on the novel of the same name by Stuart Engstrand. It stars Bette Davis, Joseph Cotten, David Brian, Ruth Roman, Minor Watson, Regis Toomey and was distributed by Warner Bros.. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1950.
Seven-arm octopus
The seven-arm octopus (Haliphron atlanticus), also known as the septopus or the heptopus, is claimed to be the largest octopus. The claim is based on a partial specimen, and the estimation is of a 4 metre length and a weight of 75 kg. The North Pacific giant octopus is its rival in size.
In 2002, a single specimen of giant proportions was caught by fisheries trawling off the eastern Chatham Rise, New Zealand. This specimen, the largest of this species and of all octopuses, was the first validated record of Haliphron from the South Pacific. It had a mantle length of 0.69 m, total length of 2.90 m, and weight of 61.0 kg, although it was incomplete.
Description
The seven-arm octopus gets its name because the male's hectocotylus (a specially modified arm used in egg fertilization) is coiled in a sac beneath the right eye.
Stephen Yang Xiangtai
Yang died on 13 October 2021 at the age of 98 in a hospital in Handan, Hebie, China.
Walberswick
Walberswick is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 299 people living in Walberswick. Walberswick has a church called St Andrew. Walberswick is on the south bank of the River Blyth.
Leti, Chakwal
Leti is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is located at 32°55'0N 72°4'0E and is part of Talagang Tehsil.
Fleury, Pas-de-Calais
Fleury, Pas-de-Calais is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Ecuadorian Americans
American singer Christina Aguilera is of Ecuadorian descent. Former Ecuadorian Presidents Sixto Durán Ballén and Galo Plaza were born in the United States, but their parents were from Ecuador. Voice actor Mike Judge was born in Ecuador to American parents.
Richard B. Stone
Richard Bernard Stone (September 22, 1928 – July 28, 2019) was an American politician. He was a Democratic United States Senator from Florida. Stone later served as Ambassador at Large to Central America and Ambassador to Denmark.
Stone died on July 28, 2019 at the age of 90.
Gabriel Zakuani
Gabriel Zakuani (born 31 May 1986 in Kinshasa) is a football player from the Democratic Republic of the Congo who currently plays for Peterborough United.
Network model (database)
Database systems use a network model to store their data in a graph. Much like the Hierarchical database model, the nodes of the graph contain information. The information is stored in a graph, so one parent can have many children, and one child can relate to several parents. The model is also known as CODASYL model, because it was originally proposed by the CODASYL consortium (who also developed COBOL).
In a network model, the defining feature is that each record has a link to another record.