cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Windows 3.1x
Windows 3.1 (codenamed Janus)  is a series of 16-bit operating environments produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers. The series began with Windows 3.1, which was first sold during April 1992 as a successor to Windows 3.0. Subsequent versions were released between 1992 and 1994 until the series was superseded by Windows 95. During its lifespan, Windows 3.1 introduced several enhancements to the still MS-DOS-based platform, including improved system stability, expanded support for multimedia, TrueType fonts, and workgroup networking.
Windows 3.1 is the final version of Windows that supports 16-bit processors. Its successor, Windows 95, requires a 32-bit processor (also known as x86-based processor) in any supported architecture.
Windows for Workgroups
In November 1992, Microsoft released two versions of Windows for Workgroups: 3.1 and 3.11.
Windows 3.2
In 1993, Microsoft released Windows 3.2, although only released in China and only fixed issues with the input system for simplified chinese.
Windows NT
On September 27, 1993, Microsoft released Windows NT 3.1. It was the first Windows NT version. It has better programming and more features. Windows NT is not a true update to Windows 3.1 as it does not share any kernel code with Windows 3.1. Instead it is based on the new 32-bit Windows NT kernel.
Mark Andrews
Mark Andrews (May 19, 1926 – October 3, 2020) was an American politician from the state of North Dakota. He was a member of the United States Republican Party.
Career
During the 1950s he began to enter politics, serving on farmers' organizations and Republican committees. In 1962, Andrews ran for Governor of North Dakota, losing to incumbent William L. Guy by just 2,000 votes out of over 228,500 cast. He ran for one of North Dakota's seats in the United States Senate which was being vacated by the long-serving Republican Milton Young who announced that he would not run for reelection and retire after the election. Andrews won the election with 70% of the vote and served in the Senate for one term, from 1981 to 1987.
Andrews was defeated for re-election in 1986 by Democratic-NPL Tax Commissioner Kent Conrad by a mere 2,120 votes in what is still considered an upset.
Personal life
Andrews was born in Cass County, North Dakota. He studied at North Dakota State University. Andrews died on October 3, 2020 in Fargo, North Dakota at the age of 94.
Orange, Vermont
Orange is a town in Orange County, Vermont, United States.
Valon Berisha
Valon Berisha (born 7 February 1993) is a Norwegian football player. In 2020 he had his first games for Ligue 1 club Reims.
Before that, he played as a midfielder for Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga.
Career
Berisha was born in Stockholm. His family is of Albanian origin. They moved from Kosovo to Sweden before he was born. His younger brother Veton also plays professional football for Viking Stavanger in Norway. He started football at the local club Egersunds IK. On 20 June 2008, when he was 15 years old, he played his first senior match for EIK against Staal Jørpeland IL in the Norwegian Third Division. His good performance attracted the interest of Viking Stavanger, a top club of Norway. He signed with them in March 2009. In July 2012 Berisha went on to Red Bull Salzburg together with his fellow Norwegian Håvard Nielsen. Unlike Nielsen he was soon part of the starting team of Salzburg.
International career
Valon Berisha was part of every youth national team in Norway. For the Under-17, U-19 and U-21 teams he played 29 games and scored 3 goals. With the U-21 he played in the European Under-21 Championship 2013 in Israel and reached the semifinal. His first match in the senior team was on January 15, 2011. It was a friendly match against Denmark League XI (unofficial national football team run by the Danish Football Association).
Pablo Honey
Pablo Honey is an album by the English alternative rock band Radiohead. It was released in April 1993. Three singles were released from it. "Creep" was released in 1992 and was not successful. In 1993 it was released again and became popular around the world. The album reached No.22 in the UK charts. In 2009 the album was re-released with an extra CD of demos and live songs.
Track listing
All songs written by Radiohead.
Gamma Phi Circus
Gamma Phi Circus is a circus at Illinois State University. It is the oldest circus in a U.S. college. It was founded in 1929 and was a fraternity at first. The first show was in 1931. Gamma Phi Circus is now a student organization.
Lamine Diack
Lamine Diack (7 June 1933 – 3 December 2021) was a Senegalese businessman, sports administrator, and athlete. He was president of the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) from 1999 to 2015. He was also a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) from 1999 to 2013.
He had been under house arrest from November 2015, and his trial in France started in June 2020 because of his role over the coverup of doping in Russia.
Ulm, Arkansas
Ulm is a town in the US state of Arkansas.
Edge of Tomorrow
Edge of Tomorrow is an action and science fiction movie. The subject is humanity at war. Tom Cruise and Bill Paxton star in the movie. Edge of Tomorrow is distributed by Warner Brothers. The movie was released on June 6, 2014 in Canada and the United States.
Roger Angell
Roger Angell (September 19, 1920 – May 20, 2022) was an American essayist. He was known for his writing on sports, especially baseball. He was a regular contributor to The New Yorker and was its chief fiction editor for many years. He wrote many works of fiction, non-fiction, and criticism, and for many years wrote an annual Christmas poem for The New Yorker.
1189
1189 was a common year.
Roger Angell
He received awards for his writing, including the George Polk Award for Commentary in 1980, the Kenyon Review Award for Literary Achievement in 2005 along with Umberto Eco, and the inaugural PEN/ESPN Lifetime Achievement Award for Literary Sports Writing in 2011.
He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2007 and was a long-time ex-officio member of the council of the Authors Guild.
Angell died of congestive heart failure on May 20, 2022 at his apartment in New York City, aged 101.
Kot Sarang
Kot Sarang is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Talagang Tehsil and is located at 33°2'14N 72°23'11E.
Menashe Kadishman
Menashe Kadishman (מנשה קדישמןlrm;; 21 August 1932 – 8 May 2015) was an Israeli sculptor and painter. He presented his artworks in central locations in Israel, such as Habima Square. His paintings can be found in many different galleries in Israel. He is most famous for his metallic sculptors and colorful paintings of sheep. In 1995, he won the Israel Prize.
Kadishman was born in Tel Aviv. He was divorced and had two children.
Kadishman died on 8 May 2015 in Ramat Gan, aged 82.
La Baule-Escoublac
La Baule-Escoublac is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France.
Thetford, Vermont
Thetford is a town in Orange County, Vermont, United States.
Withdrawal (military)
A military withdrawal or retreat is a type of military operation. It generally means pulling back forces while maintaining contact with the enemy. There are several reasons why a military force would retreat. A force might pull back to occupy ground that is easier to defend. A retreat may be used to lead an enemy into an ambush. It may be moving back as quickly as possible in order to save your army from defeat. A withdrawal or retreat can be risky. It requires discipline to keep forces organized and not turn a retreat into a rout. Care must also be taken so a retreat does not damage a force's morale.
Rout
In warfare, the long-term strategy is the defeat of the enemy. An effective tactical method is to demoralize the enemy. This is usually done by defeating their army. This is also done by routing them from the battlefield. Once a force had become disorganized it loses its ability to fight as a unit. The victors can chase down the fleeing soldiers. The victors can also attempt to cause as many casualties as possible. They also may try to take as many prisoners as possible.
However a commander must decide if the advantages of a pursuit is worth the risk the enemy is only pretending to retreat (a feigned retreat is an effective tactic).
Feigned retreat
The act of feigning a withdrawal or rout is to lure an enemy away from a defended position. It may lure them into a prepared ambush. It is an ancient tactic, and has been used throughout the history of warfare.
Two famous examples are:
Occupied withdrawal
Withdrawal of a military occupation may be due to political reasons. The purpose of 'Troop withdrawal' from occupied lands may not involve engagement with an enemy. It may be conducted during a period of ceasefire or relative peace, as in the cases of Palestine.
George Kobayashi
George Kobayashi (小林 ジョージ) is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Kobayashi was born in São Paulo, Brazil on November 29, 1947. He moved to Japan and joined Japan Soccer League club Yanmar Diesel in 1971. The club won the league champions in 1971, 1974 and 1975. The club also won 1974 Emperor's Cup. He retired in 1976. He played 92 games and scored 7 goals in the league. He was selected Best Eleven in 1974 and 1975.
On July 16, 1972, Kobayashi debuted for the Japan national team against Sri Lanka. He played 3 games for Japan in 1972.
Statistics
!Total||3||0
Cesano Boscone
Cesano Boscone is a city in northern Italy. It is in the Lombardy Region. About 23,000 people live there.
Ed Dyas
Edmund C. Dyas (November 11, 1939 – January 23, 2011) was an American football player. He played college football from 1958 to 1960 for the Auburn Tigers. He finished fourth for the Heisman Trophy in his senior season. Dyas was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 2009.
Federal government of the United States
The federal government of the United States has three branches of government: the legislature, executive, and judiciary, as established in the United States Constitution.
Ed Dyas
Dyas became an orthopedic surgeon in Mobile, Alabama after his college football career. He died from stomach cancer on January 23, 2011 at the age of 71.
Douglas Wass
Sir Douglas William Gretton Wass (15 April 1923 – 4 January 2017) was a British civil servant. He served as Permanent Secretary to HM Treasury from 1974 to 1983. Wass was Permanent Secretary to HM Treasury from 1974 to 1983 and served as joint head of the civil service in 1981.
SetACL
SetACL is a freeware utility for manipulating security descriptors on Microsoft Windows. It used to be available under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL). It changed to a freeware license in version 3.0.0.0.
Douglas Wass
He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in 1971, elevated to Knight Commander (KCB) in 1975 and further elevated to Knight Grand Cross (GCB) in 1980. In 1985, he was awarded an Honorary Degree (Doctor of Letters) by the University of Bath.
SetACL
Features
This list of features is taken from the product's web page.
Federal government of the United States
When the Founding Fathers wrote the Constitution, they wanted to make sure that their new government would not have any of the problems that the colonial British government did. For example, they did not want there to be any person in the government who had complete power and could do whatever he wanted, like a king. They also did not want any part of the government to get so powerful that nobody could control it. Because of this, they split the government's power into three different branches. Each branch has ways of balancing out the power of another branch if it gets too powerful. This is called the system of checks and balances.
Marius Barnard (surgeon)
Marius Barnard (3 November 1927 – 14 November 2014) was a South African cardiac surgeon. He was the inventor of critical illness insurance. Barnard was a member of the South African parliament between 1980 and 1989. Barnard was born in Beaufort West, Western Cape. His brother was Christiaan Barnard.
Douglas Wass
Wass died on 4 January 2017 in London at the age of 93.
Marius Barnard (surgeon)
Barnard died in Johannesburg, aged 87.
SetACL
Usage
To set 'change' permissions on the directory 'C:\angela' for user 'brian' in domain 'dom1':
Federal government of the United States
Executive branch
The executive branch is the part of the government that enforces the law. Members of the U.S. Electoral College elect a President, who is the leader of the executive branch. The President is also the leader of the Armed Forces.
Zee Thirai
Zee Thirai is an Indian Tamil language Pay television channel under ZEE Network. It telecast only exclusive Tamil Kollywood movies for 24 hours with 7 weeks (24x7). Also it offers dubbed movies of Hollywood, Bollywood, Tollywood and Mollywood. It was launched by actor Kamal Hassan on the event of Zee Cine Awards Tamil 2020 and premiered on 19 January 2020. It is the part of Zee Entertainment Enterprises Limited.
SetACL
Usage
SetACL.exe -on "C:\angela" -ot file -actn ace -ace "n:dom1\brian;p:change"
Kurt von Schleicher
Kurt Ferdinand Friedrich Hermann von Schleicher (7 April 1882 ; Brandenburg an der Havel- 30 June 1934 ; Babelsburg) was chancellor of Germany in the last days of the Weimar Republic, before Adolf Hitler became Chancellor and Führer (dictator). He was also earlier known for being a general during World War I, under Paul von Hindenburg, the President of Germany whilst Schleicher was Chancellor. General Schleicher cooperated with the Nazis in the 1920s. He helped them with weapons and military training.
He was killed as a main target during the Night of the Long Knives by the SS. Hitler justified his actions the next day by announcing that Von Schleicher and Ernst Röhm were plotting to overthrow him. His wife, Elizabeth, was also killed in the attack.
Federal government of the United States
Executive branch
The President cannot make laws. This is a "check" on the President's power, so he cannot make laws to give himself more power. However, when the Legislative branch passes a law, the President can decide whether or not to veto the law. In this way, the President can "check" the power of the Legislature.
SetACL
Usage
Remove write and change permission sets from Desktop, replace with 'read and execute' permissions:
Federal government of the United States
Executive branch
The President may also make "executive orders" to make sure that people follow the law. One famous executive order was President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation. Another was President Dwight D. Eisenhower's order to send 1,200 soldiers from the 101st Airborne Division to allow the Little Rock Nine into a school that refused to admit African American students.
SetACL
Usage
SetACL.exe -on "\\mycomputer\C$\Documents and Settings\username\Desktop" -ot file -actn ace -ace "n:mycomputer\username;p:write,change;m:revoke" -ace "n:mycomputer\username;p:read_ex"
Federal government of the United States
Executive branch
The President is in charge of many departments that control much of the day-to-day business of government. For example, the Department of Commerce makes rules about trade and business. The President chooses the heads of these departments, and also nominates judges at the federal (nation-wide) level. However, the United States Senate, part of the legislative branch, must agree with all of the people the President chooses. This is another check on the President's power, so he cannot just fill these departments and courts with people that will always agree with him.
SetACL
Usage
An example of its use from AutoIt can be found here
Topsham, Vermont
Topsham is a town in Orange County, Vermont, United States.
Federal government of the United States
Executive branch
The President may serve two 4-year terms, making 8 years in all. The purpose of this rule is to prevent a person from staying President for his whole life, like a king. In special times, the President could serve more than this, but the Constitution does not allow them to be President for more than 10 years.
Diet (nutrition)
In discussing diet, the key issue is the change in work done. People have moved from manual work to office-type work, and to houses which have washing machines (et cetera). This has happened usually without changes in eating habits got during childhood. This is the basic reason why people get fat, with all the problems which follow.
Federal government of the United States
Judicial branch
The duties of the judicial branch include:
Diet (nutrition)
With the word diet, it is often expressed the use of specific intake of nutrition for health or weight-management reasons (with the two often being related). Although humans are omnivores, each culture and each person holds some food preferences or some food taboos, due to personal tastes or ethical reasons. Individual dietary choices may be more or less healthful. A proper nutrition requires a proper ingestion and, also important, the absorption of vitamins, minerals, and food energy in the form of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Dietary habits and choices play a significant role in health and mortality, and can also define cultures and play a role in religion.
Federal government of the United States
Judicial branch
Most cases brought before the Supreme Court are appeals that have been tried in the district or appellate courts, but the Supreme Court does not have to accept a case. Once a decision has been made by the Supreme Court, that is the final decision. Only another Supreme Court decision, in another case, can change it.
Diet (nutrition)
Diets are about eating the right quantity and type of food at the right time. When people talk about a diet, they are usually referring to a special kind of diet. When someone says they are "dieting", it means that they are trying to lose weight. People who study diet and eating habits are called dietitians. When the diet is not right, people can gain or lose weight. They may become overweight or underweight. To get back to their normal weight, they need to change their diet. This may be very hard to do. Often help from a specialist is required.
Federal government of the United States
Judicial branch
Of the nine Supreme Court justices (judges), one is selected to be the Chief Justice. The Chief Justice assigns justices to write the Court's opinions and decisions.
Diet (nutrition)
Some people will also do fasting - they will not eat anything for some time to lose weight, balance their diet and clean their bodies.
Federal government of the United States
Judicial branch
Cases normally go through trial with a judge, and sometimes a jury, in the District Courts. If a Defendant thinks that their rights were violated, or denied to them, during trial, then they can appeal to a Court of Appeals. These court hearings are decided on by a group of three judges, with no jury.
Diet (nutrition)
Some people have diseases where they cannot eat certain foods without becoming very sick. They need to change their diet to avoid these foods. A food allergy is a condition in which a specific food makes someone sick. Phenylketonuria is a disease in which a person cannot digest certain foods properly because they have an amino acid, or type of chemical, called phenylalanines in them.
Zhivko Gospodinov
Zhivko Gospodinov (Живко Господинов; 6 September 1957 – 4 May 2015) was a Bulgarian footballer. He was an attacking midfielder and playmaker. He played for Spartak Varna, Vatev Beloslav, Spartak Pleven, AD Fafe, Cherno More Varna and Beroe Stara Zagora from 1974 to 1992.
Gospodinov was born in Vladimirovo. He died on 4 May 2015 in Varna, aged 57.
Federal government of the United States
Legislative branch
The legislative branch is the part of the government that makes laws. The legislative branch is called Congress. Congress is divided into two "houses."
Diet (nutrition)
A fad diet is a type of diet that becomes popular for a short time without any major health organizations recommending it.
Federal government of the United States
House of Representatives
One house is the United States House of Representatives (often just called "The House"). The House of Representatives is made up of Representatives (also called Congressmen). They are each elected by voters from their own state. Each state has a different number of Representatives. The number depends on how many people live in the state. The more people a state has, the more representatives it gets. Every 10 years, the U.S. Census Bureau does a census, or count, of the population of the United States. States may gain or lose Representatives if the Census shows that the state's population has changed. As of 2016, there are 435 Representatives in the House.
Diet (nutrition)
Health agencies recommend that people maintain a normal weight by limiting consumption of energy-dense foods and sugary drinks, eating plant-based food, limiting consumption of red and processed meat, and limiting alcohol intake.
Federal government of the United States
House of Representatives
Representatives serve two-year terms. The leader of the House of Representatives is the Speaker of the House, who is also the person who would become president if the President and Vice President were unable.
Every state also has its own state House of Representatives. This should not be confused with the United States House of Representatives. Each state's House of Representatives only deals with issues that affect that state. The United States House of Representatives deals with issues that affect the whole country.
United States Senate
The other house is the United States Senate. In the Senate, each state is represented equally, by two Senators. Because there are 50 states, there are 100 senators. Before the President makes treaties or hires officials, the Senate must approve them.
Senators serve six-year terms. The Vice President of the United States serves as president of the Senate, but may only vote on something to break a tie vote. The Vice President is usually absent from the Senate, and a Senator is selected to serve as president pro tempore, or temporary president, of the Senate.
How laws are made
Representatives and Senators suggest laws, called "bills", in their separate houses. A bill may be voted upon by the entire house right away, or may first go to a small group of members of that house, known as a committee, which may recommend a bill for a vote by the whole house. If one house votes to pass a bill, the bill then gets sent to the other house. if both houses vote for it, it is then sent to the President. The President may sign the bill, ignore it, or veto it. If the President signs or ignores the bill, it becomes a federal law. If the President vetoes the bill, it is sent back to Congress. If Congress votes again and at least two-thirds of Congress votes for the bill, it becomes law. The President cannot veto it again. This is another check on the President's power.
Under the American system of federalism, Congress may not make laws that directly control the states. Instead, Congress may use the promise of federal funds or special situations, such as national emergencies, to encourage the states to follow federal law. This system is both complex and unique.
Related pages
Executive branch: Judicial branch: Legislative branch: The whole federal government is based on:
Winter Light
Winter Light is a 1963 Swedish drama movie directed by Ingmar Bergman and starring Gunnar Björnstrand, Kolbjörn Knudsen, Olof Thunberg, Max von Sydow, Allan Edwall, Ingrid Thulin, Gunnel Lindblom.
Miami Vice
Miami Vice is an American television crime drama series. The show is about undercover police detectives. Don Johnson played James Crockett.
The show began on September 16, 1984 and ended in January 25, 1990.
Lyon County, Nevada
Lyon County is a county in the state of Nevada in the United States. In 2020, 59,235 people lived there. The county seat is Yerington.
J. Frederick Grassle
John Frederick Matthews Grassle (July 14, 1939 – July 6, 2018) was an American marine biologist, oceanographer, professor, and research scientist. He was known for his work on the creation of the Census of Marine Life and the first marine biological data on a global scale, the Ocean Biogeographic Information System.
Grassle died at a nursing home in Franklin Township, New Jersey on July 6, 2018 at the age of 78.
IFK Norrköping
IFK Norrköping is an association football club in the town of Norrköping in Sweden. The team has played several Allsvenskan seasons. The club has won the Swedish national championship in 1942–43, 1944–45, 1945–46, 1946–47, 1947–48, 1951–52, 1955–56, 1956–57, 1960, 1962, 1963, 1989 and 2015.
Cross section (geometry)
A cross section is what one gets if one cuts an object into slices.
In geometry the correct definition of cross section is: the intersection of a body in 2-dimensional space with a line, or of a body in 3-dimensional space with a plane.
Thomas Dähne
Thomas Dähne (born 4 January 1994) is a German football player. He currently plays in Austria for Red Bull Salzburg.
Cross section (geometry)
A cross section, or section is also an orthographic projection of a 3-dimensional object from the position of a plane through the object. A floor plan is a section viewed from the top.
Thomas Dähne
Club career
Thomas Dähne started his career with TSV 1860 Rosenheim. He then went on to the youth teams of FC Red Bull Salzburg. He played his first match for the Red Bull Juniors on 29 April 2010 in the third league match against TSV St. Johann. Now he is the first goalkeeper of FC Liefering, what the Juniors are now called. His debut in the first team he did on 26 May 2013 in the match against FK Austria Wien. Salzburg won 3-0.
International
Dähne represented Germany in all youth teams up to the Under-20's team. He was goalkeeper during the 2011 FIFA U-17 World Cup.
Oleg Anofriyev
Oleg Andreyevich Anofriyev (sometimes spelled Oleg Anofriev, Оле́г Андре́евич Ано́фриев; 20 July 1930 – 28 March 2018), People's Artist of Russia (PAR), was a Soviet and Russian actor, singer, songwriter, movie director and poet. He was born in Gelendzhik. He graduated from Moscow Art Theatre in 1954.
He was known for his voice role in the 1969 animated movie The Bremen Town Musicians.
Trial by ordeal
Trial by ordeal was a way to decide if someone was guilty or innocent of a crime. This was usually done by causing the accused person to do a painful task. If that task was completed without injury or if the injuries healed fast, this taken as a sign of God, which meant that the accused was innocent. People believed that God would not allow innocent people to be harmed. He would therefore help them by doing a miracle. There were three common types of Trial by Ordeal: Ordeals had to be watched over by a religious person, such as a priest, because each ordeal was supposed to show the judgement of God. In England, Ordeals were common up to and including the reign of Henry II, who introduced Trials by Jury.
In pre-modern society, the ordeal typically was done together with the oath and witness accounts as the central means by which to reach a verdict. The term ordeal itself, Old English ordǣl, has the meaning of "judgment, verdict" (German Urteil, Dutch oordeel), from Proto-Germanic *uzdailjam "that which is dealt out".
In Europe, ordeals commonly required an accused person to test himself or herself against fire or water. How this was done varied in detail, and was different at different places and times. In England, ordeals were common under both the Anglo-Saxons and the Normans. Fire was the element typically used to test noble defendants, while water was more commonly used by lesser folk.
Priestly cooperation in trials by fire and water was forbidden by Pope Innocent III at the Fourth Lateran Council of 1215, and replaced by compurgation. Trials by ordeal became more rare over the Late Middle Ages, often replaced by confessions extracted under torture, but the practice was discontinued only in the 16th century. Johannes Hartlieb in 1456 reports a popular superstition for how to identify a thief by an ordeal by ingestion practiced privately without judicial sanction.
Trial by ordeal has existed in polytheistic cultures as far back as the Code of Hammurabi and the Code of Ur-Nammu, and in animist tribal societies, such as the trial by drinking "red water" (calabar bean) in Sierra Leone. There the intended effect is magical rather than calling forth justice from a god.
Lake Sarysu
Sarysu (Sarısu meaning "Yellow Lake") is the largest lake of Azerbaijan. It is located in the Imishli and Sabirabad rayons (districts) of the Kur-Araz Lowland.
Overview
Sarysu lake lies next to the Kura River from Imishli Rayon southeast to Sabirabad Rayon. It reaches a total length of 22 km. It is one of the four lakes present in the area. The water in the lake is fresh water. The lake inflows from Lake Ağgöl through a canal. It is also filled by groundwater and rain. It outflows to the Kura River. The outflow to Kura is regulated by a water-releasing station in Muradbəyli.
Platymantis negrosensis
The Negros forest frog (Platymantis negrosensis) is a frog. It lives in the Philippines on Negros and Panay Islands. People have seen it between 200 and 1800 meters above sea level.
Appearance
This frog is about 30-50 mm long from nose to rear end. It has large disks on its toes for cimbing trees.
Eggs
This frog moves around at night. It climbs trees. The female frog lays eggs in fern plants that grow on trees. The eggs hatch into small froglets. They are never tadpoles.
Threats
This frog is in danger because human beings change the places where it lives. Humans cut down trees in forests to get wood to build with. Humans let animals eat grass where the frog lives.
USA Network
USA Network is an American television network. It is owned by NBCUniversal (which in turn is owned by Comcast).
USA Network began on September 8, 1971 as the Madison Square Garden Network. It was relaunched as USA Network on January 3, 1979.
USA airs original programming and reruns of network television programs.
Polymorphism
Polymorphism in biology is when two or more clearly different phenotypes exist in the same population of a species. The words forms or morphs are sometimes used.
Frostius
Frostius — also called Frost's Toads — is a small genus of true toads. There are only two species.
Polymorphism
Polymorphism is common in nature. The most common example is sexual dimorphism, which occurs in many organisms. Another example is sickle-cell anaemia.
In order to be classified as such, morphs must occupy the same habitat at the same time and belong to a population with random mating.
The switch
The mechanism which decides which of several morphs an individual displays is called the switch. This switch may be genetic, or it may be environmental. Taking sex determination as the example, in man the determination is genetic, by the XY sex determination system. In Hymenoptera (ants, bees and wasps), sex determination is by haplo-diploidy: the females are all diploid, the males are haploid.
However, in some animals an environmental trigger determines the sex: alligators are a good example. In ants the distinction between workers and guards is environmental, by the feeding of the grubs. Polymorphism with an environmental trigger is called polyphenism.
The polyphenic system does have a degree of environmental flexibility not present in the genetic polymorphism. However, such environmental triggers are the less common of the two methods.
Genetic polymorphism
Since all polymorphism has a genetic basis, genetic polymorphism has a particular meaning:
The definition has three parts: a) sympatry: one interbreeding population; b) discrete forms; and c) not maintained just by mutation.
Genetic polymorphism is actively and steadily maintained in populations by natural selection. This contrasts with transient polymorphisms where a form is progressively replaced by another.
By definition, genetic polymorphism relates to a balance or equilibrium between morphs. The mechanisms that conserve it are types of balancing selection.
Sickle-cell anaemia
Such a balance is seen more simply in sickle-cell anaemia, which is found mostly in tropical populations in Africa and India.
An individual homozygous for the recessive sickle haemoglobin, HgbS, has a short expectancy of life. The life expectancy of the standard haemoglobin (HgbA) homozygote and also the heterozygote is normal (though heterozygote individuals will suffer periodic problems).
The sickle-cell variant survives in the population because the heterozygote is resistant to malaria and the malarial parasite kills a huge number of people each year.
This is heterozygote advantage, a kind of balance between fierce selection against homozygous sickle-cell sufferers, and selection against the standard HgbA homozygotes by malaria. The heterozygote has a permanent advantage (a higher fitness) so long as malaria exists; and it has existed as a human parasite for a long time. Because the heterozygote survives, so does the HgbS allele survive at a rate much higher than the mutation rate.
Lactase persistence
Mammals normally produce lactase only as long as the mother has milk. Then the enzyme lactase is cut off. Modern humans are different.
The human ability to drink milk during adult life is supported by a lactase mutation. Human populations have a high proportion of this mutation wherever milk is important to the diet. The spread of milk tolerance is promoted by natural selection: it helps people survive where milk is available.
Genetic studies suggest that the oldest mutations associated with lactase persistence only reached appreciable levels in human populations in the last ten thousand years. Therefore, lactase persistence is often cited as an example of recent human evolution. As lactase persistence is genetic, but animal husbandry a cultural trait, this is gene–culture coevolution.
Ants
Ants exhibit a range of polymorphisms. First, there is their characteristic haplodiploid sex determination system, whereby all males are haploid, and all females are diploid.
Second, there is differentiation based mostly on feeding of larvae. This determines, for example, whether the adult is capable of reproduction.
Lastly, there is differentiation of size and 'duties' (particularly of females), which are usually controlled by feeding and/or age, but which may sometimes be genetically controlled. Thus the order exhibits both genetic polymorphism and extensive polyphenism.
Heterostyly
An example of a botanical genetic polymorphism is heterostyly, in which flowers occur in different forms with different arrangements of the pistils and the stamens.
Pin and thrum heterostyly occurs in dimorphic species of Primula, such as P. vulgaris. There are two types of flower. The pin flower has a long style bearing the stigma at the mouth and the stamens half-way down; and the thrum flower has a short style, so the stigma is half-way up the tube and the stamens are at the mouth.
So when an insect in search of nectar inserts its proboscis into a long-style flower, the pollen from the stamens stick to the proboscis in exactly the part that will later touch the stigma of the short-styled flower, and vice versa.
Another most important property of the heterostyly system is physiological. If thrum pollen is placed on a thrum stigma, or pin pollen on a pin stigma, the reproductive cells are incompatible and relatively little seed is set. Effectively, this ensures outcrossing, as described by Darwin. Quite a lot is now known about the underlying genetics; the system is controlled by a set of closely linked genes; these act as a single unit, a so-called super-gene. ch10 p86
Between 1861 and 1863, Darwin found the same kind of structure in other groups, such as flax (Linum) and in Purple Loosestrife and other species of Lythrum.
Heterostyly is known in at least 51 genera of 18 families of Angiosperms.
Drosophila
Studies over many years have shown that natural populations of Drosophila are polymorphic for chromosome inversions. The inversions are so common that they must be kept in the population by natural selection.
National colours
National colours are frequently part of a country's set of national symbols.
Many states and nations have formally adopted a set of colours as their official "national colours"
Vershire, Vermont
Vershire is a town in Orange County, Vermont, United States.
Lawrence Weiner
Lawrence Charles Weiner (February 10, 1942 – December 2, 2021) was an American conceptual artist. He was an important person in the creation of conceptual art in the 1960s. His works were usually a form of word art.
Weiner died on December 2, 2021, in New York City from prostate cancer at the age of 79.
Grand Divisions of Tennessee
The Grand Divisions are three regions in the U.S. state of Tennessee. Each contains about one-third of the state's land area. Each is geographically, culturally, legally, and economically distinct. The Grand Divisions are legally recognized in the state constitution and state law and are represented on the Flag of Tennessee by the flag's three prominent stars.
Borders
The border between East Tennessee and Middle Tennessee is on the Cumberland Plateau. It was a major barrier to travel during much of the state's early history. It is close to the line between the Eastern and Central time zones. All but three counties of East Tennessee (Bledsoe, Cumberland, and Marion) are in the Eastern Time Zone. Middle and West Tennessee are entirely in the Central Time Zone. The reach of the Tennessee River that flows northward to Kentucky from Mississippi and Alabama marks the border between Middle and West Tennessee starting from the northern border of Hardin County. It is split down the middle by the Tennessee River but is located wholly in West Tennessee.
Nevada County
Nevada County is the name of two counties in the United States:
Hazlehurst, Mississippi
Hazlehurst is the county seat of Copiah County, Mississippi, United States.
IFK Eskilstuna
IFK Eskilstuna is an association football club in the town of Eskilstuna in Sweden. The club won the Swedish national championship in 1921, and played several Allsvenskan seasons.
Natterjack toad
The natterjack toad (Epidalea calamita, formerly Bufo calamita) is a toad. They live in the sandy and heathland areas of Europe. Adults are 60–70 mm in length. They are different from other toads because they have a yellow line down the middle of the back. They have relatively short legs. This gives them a distinctive gait, which is different than the hopping movement of many other toad species.
Natterjacks have a very loud and distinctive mating call.
Life history
Natterjacks live for up to 15 years and feed on insects, worms and small reptiles. At night they move around open land with little vegetation. Their tracks can often be seen in loose sand. They move large distances each night.
Battle of Yorktown (1781)
The Battle of Yorktown, also called the Siege of Yorktown, fought from September 28-October 19, 1781. It is considered the last major land battle of the American Revolutionary War. The Continental Army, led by General George Washington, won a decisive victory against the British Army, led by General Lord Charles Cornwallis. Cornwallis was forced to surrender after being surrounded by Washington's army.
Natterjack toad
Reproduction
The Natterjack Toad spawns between the end of April and July. They lay 'strings' of eggs in shallow, warm pools. Because the Natterjack Toad is often present in low numbers, its loud mating calls are important so that the sexes can find each other.
Battle of Yorktown (1781)
The Americans were assisted by the French, led by the Comte de Rochambeau. The battle took place in Yorktown, Virginia, near the York River. After the French fleet defeated a British fleet, Cornwallis was cut off and had to surrender to the French and the Continental Army. Eventually, it led to the Treaty of Paris in 1783, two years later.
Natterjack toad
Reproduction
For Natterjacks, pools need to have a small slope with little vegetation on the banks and in the water. Sometimes the larvae die when the pools dry out. The Natterjack mates a few times each summer. The age of the young can vary from a month to 3 months in September.
Distribution
There are toads in seventeen European countries. In the British Isles the toad is mostly in coastal areas. In mainland Europe, particularly in the southern part of its range, it lives inland in a variety of places.
Battle of Yorktown (1781)
Background
On his arrival in New York City, Cornwallis was made second-in-command to General Henry pork. The two generals did not trust each other. Clinton was convinced Washington would attack him in New York. He was afraid of sending troops home and having to depend more on Loyalist militia. Cornwallis was ready to go ahead with what troops he had. Clinton was suspicious Cornwallis' return from England was to get a command for himself. In fact, Cornwallis had secured a commission to replace Clinton if Clinton repeated his threats to resign.
Natterjack toad
Ireland
The Natterjack Toad is the only species of toad native to Ireland. It is found on the Dingle peninsula and Derrynane in County Kerry and also in County Wexford.
Battle of Yorktown (1781)
Background
Cornwallis moved carelessly. He left American units, such as the one led by Francis Marion (called the "Swamp Fox"), in his rear. The American general Nathanael Greene noticed this right away. He broke up his command into smaller units in order to plague Cornwallis. Finally the two armies met at the Battle of Guilford Court House, which neither army won. During this time Cornwallis was not sending messages to Clinton telling him where he was. After Guilford Court House, Cornwallis moved to the coast of North Carolina to rest his men. Then, again without orders, he decided to march north to Virginia. Frustrated by this, Clinton sent Cornwallis a number of contradictory messages. Most of them were worded as suggestions rather than orders. But he did order Cornwallis to find a defensible position. This was so he could be evacuated by the Royal Navy, possibly to Philadelphia. Cornwallis decided on the community of Yorktown and his men started building defenses there in August 1781 to wait for the Navy.
In New York, Washington learned that the French Admiral François Joseph Paul de Grasse was sailing north from the West Indies. Rochambeau convinced Washington they could attack and defeat Cornwallis. The two commanders began marching south to meet de Grasse's 27 ships and 3,200 troops. Clinton learned of this and sent a British naval fleet to the Chesapeake Bay to cut them off. But the French and Americans arrived first. In the Battle of the Chesapeake the French navy forced the British ships back to New York City. Clinton warned Cornwallis in early September he would soon be facing American and French troops but promised him reinforcements by sea. Clinton had not yet learned of the French naval victory and did not know he could not rescue Cornwallis by sea. By the end of September, Washington and Rochambeau had surrounded Yorktown. Cornwallis received another message in late September from Clinton telling him help was on the way. Cornwallis was misled again and thought he only had to hold out for a few days.
The Siege of Yorktown
Just after the clash between the French and British Fleets, a smaller French squadron carrying the French army's siege artillery slipped into the Chesapeake. Now the French and Americans had bigger guns than Cornwallis had behind his earthen fortifications.
Marching out of Williamsburg, Virginia the Americans and French arrived on September 28, 1781 at Yorktown. They surrounded the earthworks in a Semicircle with the York River completing the circle. Cornwallis made the first move, abandoning his outer works made up of four redoubts. Washington and Rochambeau thought this was a mistake. They sent troops to occupy the outer earthworks. The Americans and French began setting up their siege operations on September 30, first on the east side. By October 9, they were close enough to begin the bombardment. The Americans and French stormed two of the redoubts on October 14, forcing the British back even further. By that time it became obvious the British could not hold out much longer. On October 16, the British attacked two of the redoubts they had abandoned and spiked the guns. At the same time Cornwallis attempted to slip past the guards to Gloucester (now Gloucester Point, Virginia) across the river but was turned back by a storm. Finally, with no sign of relief as promised by Clinton, Cornwallis' army of 6,000 soldiers surrendered.
The casualties were about 500 British, 200 French and 80 Americans. Captured were 240 artillery pieces, a large supply of small arms and ammunition, plus equipment. General Cornwallis did not attend the surrender. Claiming to be sick, he sent General Charles O'Hara to surrender for him. O'Hara first tried to surrender to Comte de Rochambeau. Rochambeau directed him to surrender to General Washington. In turn, Washington directed him to surrender to General Benjamin Lincoln who accepted O'Hara's sword. As the British stacked their guns marching out of the fortress, their band played "The World Turned Upside Down". When Lord North, the British Prime Minister, received news of the surrender he cried out "Oh God, it is all over!"
Glamondans
Glamondans is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.
PCLinuxOS
PCLinuxOS is a Linux operating system. It is a free operating system for personal computers. It was made to be easy to use.
History
In 2003 Texstar created a fork of Mandrake Linux 9.2 (which was released in October 2003). Working closely with The Live CD Project, Texstar has since developed that fork independently into a full-fledged distribution. The initial releases were successively numbered as "previews" i.e. p5, p7, p8 up to p81a, then p9, p91, p92.
In August 2006 three new CDs/ISOs, numbered 0.93a, were released: MiniMe, Junior and Big Daddy. At the same time, the original packages that make up the KDE desktop environment have been split into smaller ones, while some less essential portions of KDE have been omitted from the CD. As a result, Texstar was able to fit the OpenOffice.org package into the BigDaddy release. MiniMe remains a minimal "Live & Install" CD for experienced users wishing to add their own selection of packages, while Junior adds a few essential desktop-oriented packages, meeting the user somewhere between the two other releases. PCLinuxOS 2008 "MiniMe" edition, was released on 2008-01-07.