cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Arianespace
Arianespace is a French company for space launch systems developed by ArianeGroup, namely the Ariane and Vega launcher families, created in 1980. The company defines itself in its own terms as a "launch operator". Since 2007, following an agreement between the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Russian space agency Roscosmos, Arianespace has also been responsible for launching the Soyuz launchers. The Ariane launch base, located in Kourou in French Guiana (Guyana Space Center), offers Arianespace a significant advantage over its competitors due to its proximity to the equator in an area free of any risk of tropical cyclones.
Arquèves
Arquèves is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
In 2006, 151 people lived there.
Testament of Ieyasu
History
Ieyasu was the head of the Tokugawa shogunate. His words were spoken and written down at the time of his abdication as shogun.
The original historical document is in the archives of the Tōshō-gū shrine at Nikkō in Tochigi Prefecture.
This political statement provided guidance to his successors.
Translation
A translation of Ieyasu's words is:
An alternate translation is:
Kitee Zoo
Kitee Zoo is the fourth largest zoo in Finland. It is in Kitee, Finland. It has over 50 animal species. It also has over 200 individual animals.
Beaumont, California
Beaumont is a city in Riverside County, California, United States. The population was 53,036 at the 2020 census. This is up from 11,384 in 2000.
Jhang District
Jhang District (ضلع جھنگ) is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Jhang is the capital.
Administration
The district of Jhang is administratively subdivided into 3 tehsils, these are:
Golden cave catfish
Clarias cavernicola (also known as the golden cave catfish) is a species of freshwater catfish. They are only known to live in one place: an underground lake in Aigamas Cave, which is near Otavi, in the Kalahari Desert of Namibia. The lake is 45 m2 in area and about 30 to 52 m deep.
The water level has been steadily dropping because it is extracted by humans. The lake is a major water supply in an otherwise very dry area. Because of this, the species is considered critically endangered. It is estimated that there are about 150 individuals living in the lake.
The fish live in the shallow areas of the lake in open, clear water. They feed on detritus (bat droppings and carcasses) and insects that fall into the lake. Not much is known about how the species reproduces. Attempts to breed the fish in captivity have failed.
The fish grow up to 16.1 cm long. Having evolved in the darkness of the cave, they have no pigment. The fish is white in colour. It has a long eel-like body, with long dorsal and anal fins. The head has a rounded snout with four pairs of thin barbels. The fish have very small eyes, which are covered with skin. They are blind, and find food using taste and other senses on the barbels.
Taras Bulba (1909 movie)
Taras Bulba (Тарас Бульба) is a 1909 Russian silent drama movie directed by Aleksandr Drankov. It stars Anisim Suslov, L. Manko, and D. Chernovskaya.
Autheux
Autheux is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
Ruben Östlund
Ruben Östlund (born 13 April 1974) is a Swedish filmmaker. He is known for his movies Force Majeure (2014), The Square (2017) and Triangle of Sadness (2022). For his 2022 movie Triangle of Sadness, he was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Director and Best Original Screenplay.
Citizens Advice
Citizens Advice (used to be called Citizens Advice Bureau) is the biggest independent advice organisation in the United Kingdom. The first 200 offices opened on 4 September 1939, four days after World War II started. In 1973, the government paid NACAB, the National Association of Citizens Advice Bureaux, to open more offices. In 2008/9, there were 416 member organisations offering advice from over 3,300 [laces in England and Wales and 22 more in Northern Ireland. They are all independent Charitable organizations.
Gujrat District
Gujrat District (ضلع گجرات) is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Gujrat is the capital.
Ultra high frequency
Ultra High Frequency (UHF) is a electromagnetic radiation. Especially its frequency is between 300 MHz and 3 GHz (3,000 MHz). Because of short wavelength, UHF has strong directivity and it has small area. UHF is commonly used for television signals. It is strong enough to be protected from other signal, but because of its strong directivity, receiving error by an obstacle occurs more. Hence it needs sensitive sensors.
Uses
UHF frequencies have higher attenuation from atmospheric moisture and benefit less from 'bounce', or the reflection of signals off the ionosphere back to earth, when compared to VHF frequencies. The frequencies of 300–3000 MHz are always at least an order of magnitude above the MUF (Maximum Usable Frequency). The MUF for most of the earth is generally between 25–35 MHz. Higher frequencies also benefit less from ground mode transmission. However, the short wavelengths of UHF frequencies allow compact receiving antennas with narrow elements; many people consider them less ugly than VHF-receiving models
United States
On December 29, 1949 KC2XAK of Bridgeport, Connecticut became the first UHF television station to operate on a regular daily schedule.
In the United States, UHF stations (broadcast channels above 13) originally gained a reputation for being more locally owned, less polished, less professional, less popular, and for having a weaker signal than their VHF counterparts (channels 2–13). The movie UHF, starring Weird Al Yankovic, parodied this phenomenon.
However, with the emergence of additional broadcast television networks ( Fox, UPN, WB, and PaxThe PAX Network PAX TV PaxNet or simply PAX is a cable television network formed in 1998. PAX, which is owned by Paxson Communications, shows family-oriented programming. Its programming contains little or no sex, violence or strong language. Unlike most), the concentration of media ownershipConcentration of media ownership is a commonly used terms among media critics, policy makers, and others to characterize ownership structure of media industries. Media ownership is said to be concentrated usually in one or more of the following ways., and the proliferation of cable televisionCable television or Community Antenna Television CATV (and often shortened to 'cable') is a system of providing television, FM radio programming and other services to consumers through fixed coaxial cables, rather than by the older and more widespread rad, digital televisionDigital television DTV uses digital modulation and compression to broadcast video, audio and data signals to television sets.
Introduction A major use of DTV can be to carry more channels on the same amount of bandwidth. Another can be high-definition pro, and DSSDigital Satellite System (DSS) or Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS is a technology to deliver a television or audio signal digitally, directly from an orbiting satellite to a consumer's one- to three-foot-diameter dish at the consumer's home or business. in the 1990sCenturies: 19th century 20th century 21st century Decades: 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s 2030s 2040s Years: Events and trends Computers, technology Explosive growth of the Internet; decrease in the cost of computers and other techn, the distinction between UHF and VHF stations has virtually disappeared in the United States. Most HDTV stations (those using the ATSC television standard) broadcast their over-the-air signal in the UHF band.
United Kingdom
In Britain, UHF television began with the launch of BBC2 in 1964, using a 625-line system (which had higher resolution, and therefore required greater bandwidth, than the existing 405-line system). BBC1 and ITV soon added their own 625-line services on UHF (British channels 21 to 69), and PAL colour was introduced on UHF only in 1967– 1969. VHF was phased out by 1986. Today all British terrestrial television channels (analog and digital) are on UHF. A drawback to this is the very large number of small relay transmitters needed to fill in gaps in the main transmitters' coverage, which would not have been necessary with a VHF system due to its different propagation characteristics.
Oleh Barna
Oleh Stepanovych Barna (Олег Степанович Барна; 18 April 1967 – 17 April 2023) was a Ukrainian human rights activist and politician who served as a People's Deputy of Ukraine from 2014 to 2019. Barna fought during the Russian invasion of Ukraine and was killed in action on 17 April 2023, a day before his 56th birthday.
Thurston County, Washington
Thurston County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2010 census, its population was 252,264. The county seat and largest city is Olympia, the state capital.
Palembang
Palembang is a city in Indonesia. It is in the south of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. As of mid-2019, 1,662,893 people live there. It is the capital of the province of South Sumatra.
History
The Battle of Palembang was fought near the city during the Second World War between February 13-February 15 1942. Japanese forces captured the airport and nearby oil refinery after a short but bloody battle.
Economy
Palembang's economy has grown after it became a venue for National Sporting Event in 2004. . Palembang was also one of hosts of the 2007 AFC Asian Cup.
The city is served by Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II Airport which has many flights to many cities in Indonesia and also to Singapore and Malaysia.
Heart and Soul (T'Pau song)
"Heart and Soul" is a 1987 debut single by British band T'Pau. It is the leading single from their debut studio album Bridge of Spies. It went to number 4 in the United Kingdom, Ireland and the United States, number 1 in Canada, number 10 in Germany, number 9 in both Switzerland and New Zealand, number 18 in both South Africa and Australia, number 20 in Sweden and number 16 in Belgium.
Barly, Somme
Barly, Somme is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
Misrata
Misrata (مصراتة Mişrātah, Libyan Arabic: ), also known as Misurata or Misratah,  is a city in northwestern Libya. It is in the Misrata District.
With a population of 281,000, Misrata is the third largest city in Libya, after Tripoli and Benghazi.
Misrata University is in the city.
Kilchberg, Zürich
Kilchberg is a municipality of the district of Horgen in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.
Tony Street
Anthony Austin Street (born 8 February 1926 died 25 October 2022) is an Australian federal politician. He was Foreign Minister in the Fourth Fraser Ministry between 1980 and 1983. A member of Parliament, he represented the Corangamite division in Victoria from 1966 through 1984.
His father Geoffrey Street held his seat before him, and other members of the Street family. Street was a member of the Liberal Party of Australia. He was born in Melbourne.
Radovan Višković
Radovan Višković (Радован Вишковић; born 1 February 1964) is a Bosnian Serb politician. He is the 13th and current Prime Minister of Republika Srpska, and a member of the Alliance of Independent Social Democrats (SNSD).
Take Care of My Little Girl
Take Care of My Little Girl is 1951 American drama movie directed by Jean Negulesco and is based on the 1950 novel of the same name by Peggy Goodin. It stars Jeanne Crain, Dale Robertson, Mitzi Gaynor, Jean Peters, Jeffrey Hunter, Helen Westcott and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Graham T. Allison
Graham Tillett Allison Jr. (born March 23, 1940) is an American political scientist and educator. He is a professor at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard.
His book Remaking Foreign Policy: The Organizational Connection was published in 1976. He had some influence on the foreign policy of the administration of President Jimmy Carter who took office in early 1977.
Since the 1970s, Allison has also been a leading analyst of U.S. national security and defense policy, with a special interest in nuclear weapons and terrorism.
Johann Georg Pisendel
Johann Georg Pisendel (5 January 1688 – 25 November 1755) was a German composer and violinist.
Life
Pisendel was born in Cadolzburg. His father, Simon, was a cantor and organist. He became a choir singer in Ansbach when he was ten years old. He learned to play the violin with Giuseppe Torelli.
He went to Leipzig to study the law. He met Johann Sebastian Bach in Weimar. In 1712, he became a violinist in the Dresden court. He went to Venice in 1716. He studied with Antonio Vivaldi. They became good friends. He returned to Dresden in 1717. He became the Konzertmeister of Dresden's court orchestra in 1728.
In 1755, he died in Dresden. People thought he was one of the greatest violinists. Many composers, such as Vivaldi, Telemann and Albinoni wrote music for him.
The Frogmen
The Frogmen is a 1951 American World War II action movie directed by Lloyd Bacon and starring Richard Widmark, Dana Andrews, Gary Merrill, Jeffrey Hunter, Robert Wagner, Warren Stevens. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
King's Privy Council for Canada
The King's Privy Council for Canada (KPC; Conseil privé du Roi pour le Canada; called the Queen's Privy Council for Canada when there is a queen ), sometimes called just the Privy Council, is a group of people that help the monarch (king or queen) of Canada. They give advice to the monarch on events related to the government. The monarch or the person that represents them (the Governor General) must follow the advice of a group of people in the Privy Council, called the cabinet, who are usually part of the government and are usually Members of Parliament (MPs). Those who are part of the Privy Council are called "Privy Councillors".
Peter the Great (1910 movie)
Peter the Great (Пётр Великий) is a 1910 Russian silent movie directed by Vasili Goncharov and Kai Hansen. It stars Pyotr Voinov, Ye. Trubetskaya, and A. Gorbachevskiy. The movie shows the main events in the life of Peter the Great.
Mareike Carrière
Mareike Carrière (26 July 1954 – 17 March 2014) was a German actress, spokesperson and translator. She was best known for having television show appearances. She was born in Hanover, Lower Saxony, West Germany.
King's Privy Council for Canada
When people join the Privy Council, they become members of it for the rest of their lives. They are chosen by the Governor General based on who the Prime Minister says should be in the council. That causes many of the Privy Councillors to be ex-members of the cabinet. Other Privy Councillors might be people that have important roles, like being the Leader of the Opposition.
Mareike Carrière
Carrière died from cancer on 17 March 2014 in Hamburg, Germany. She was 59 years old. She was outlived by her husband and by her brother, Mathieu.
Bertrancourt
Bertrancourt is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
Cocteau Twins
Cocteau Twins were a Scottish rock band. Robin Guthrie and Will Heggie started the band in 1979 in Grangemouth. The band was named after the song "The Cocteau Twins" by Johnny and the Self-Abusers. The band's first album Garlands was released by 4AD records in 1982. In 1996 the band released their last album Milk and Kisses. In 1997 the band broke up.
Tintern
Tintern (Tyndyrn) is a village and community on the west bank of the River Wye in Monmouthshire, Wales. It is close to the border with England and about 5 mi north of Chepstow. It is home to the ruined Tintern Abbey, which is popular with tourists. The village is designated as a Conservation Area.
National Assembly (Republika Srpska)
The National Assembly of Republic of Srpska (Народна скупштина Републике Српске) is the legislative body of the Republika Srpska, one of two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The current assembly is the ninth since the founding of the entity.
Rachel Jackson
Rachel Donelson Jackson (June 15, 1767 – December 22, 1828) was the wife of Andrew Jackson, the seventh president. She died before her husband's inauguration. She was never First Lady.
Remarriage
Rachel Donelson Robards and Andrew Jackson wanted to get married. They could not because Rachel was already married to Lewis Robards. She tried to get a divorce in 1790. She and Andrew thought that her husband would get a divorce. They got married in 1791 in the town of Natchez, Mississippi. Their marriage was unlawful (against the law). She and Andrew tried to get a real divorce until 1794. They married again in 1794 when her marriage with Lewis Robards ended. No one knows if she knew that she broke the law.
Rachel moved to the Hermitage outside Nashville with Andrew. They were quite wealthy. They owned many slaves on their plantation. Rachel managed the household. She ran the plantation while Andrew was away.
Rachel died in 1828. This was the year her husband Andrew became president. He thought she died because other people said mean things about her. They talked about her marriage. Many people said she broke the law to marry Andrew on purpose. This made her very sad. She was buried in a corner of the Hermitage garden.
What people remember
People thought Rachel and Andrew were very different. Andrew was tall, important, and neat. Rachel was short, quiet, and common. One girl who visited their house would not have guessed that they were married. She thought they were too different. The visitor said that Rachel was kind and motherly, not elegant or graceful. Rachel had lived in the frontier (newly-lived in areas) her whole life. She had no reason to become elegant.
Rachel loved Andrew very much. She was sad every time he went away. Once she travelled to meet him, it was not common for women to do. She was very worried when he was in danger. She became quite sick from stress. Her marriage was very important to her. A visitor once said that their love was very great. Andrew Jackson always treated Rachel like she was the best thing in his life. Rachel was always devoted to Andrew.
Scots pine
Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) is a species of pine native to Europe and Asia. It ranges from Scotland, Ireland and Portugal in the west, east to eastern Siberia, south to the Caucasus Mountains, and as far north as well inside the Arctic Circle in Scandinavia.
In the north of its range, it occurs from sea level to 1,000 m, while in the south of its range it is a high altitude mountain tree, growing at 1,200–2,600 m altitude.
It has fairly short, blue-green leaves and orange-red bark.
Beauquesne
Beauquesne is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
John Constable
John Constable (East Bergholt, Suffolk 11 June 1776 – London, 31 March 1837) was an English painter and artist.
His family had plenty of money because his father owned a business running corn mills. Constable's father wanted his son to take over the business after him, but Constable started painting at an early age, and convinced his father to let him follow art as a career.
He married Maria Bicknell in 1816, and they had seven children. She died in 1829 of tuberculosis.
His paintings are treasures of British art, but in his lifetime his work was appreciated more in France. Constable's most famous painting, The Hay Wain (now in the National Gallery in London), was first shown at the Paris Salon in 1824. He had to wait until he was 52 years old before the Royal Academy voted that he should be a member.
His art
Constable's idea was to use nature itself, rather than imagination. He told Leslie, "When I sit down to make a sketch from nature, the first thing I try to do is to forget that I have ever seen a picture". p51
Guy Green
Sir Guy Stephen Montague Green, AC, KBE, CVO (born 26 July 1937) is an Australian politician. He was the Governor of Tasmania from 1995 to 2003. He was the first Tasmanian-born governor of the state, although not the first Australian-born. He was born in Launceston, Tasmania.
John Constable
His art
Although Constable produced paintings throughout his life for the market of patrons and R.A. exhibitions, on-the-spot studies were essential. He never just followed a formula. "The world is wide", he wrote, "no two days are alike, nor even two hours; neither were there ever two leaves of a tree alike since the creation of all the world; and the genuine productions of art, like those of nature, are all distinct from each other". p64
Constable painted many full-scale preliminary sketches of his landscapes in order to test the composition in advance of finished pictures. These large sketches, with their free and vigorous brushwork, were revolutionary at the time. The sketches for The Leaping Horse and The Hay Wain study convey a vigour missing from his finished oil paintings of the same subjects. Compare the composition of this preliminary study with the finished painting: The Hay Wain final. Possibly more than any other aspect of Constable's work, the oil sketches reveal him to be an avant-garde painter, one who showed that landscape painting could be taken in a totally new direction.
Constable's watercolours were also remarkably free for their time. The almost mystical Stonehenge, 1835, with its double rainbow, is often considered to be one of the greatest watercolours ever painted. When he exhibited it in 1836, Constable appended a text to the title: "The mysterious monument of Stonehenge, standing remote on a bare and boundless heath, as much unconnected with the events of past ages as it is with the uses of the present, carries you back beyond all historical records into the obscurity of a totally unknown period". p89 In addition to the full-scale oil sketches, Constable completed numerous studies of landscapes and clouds, to become more scientific in his recording of atmospheric conditions. The Chain Pier, 1827, for example, prompted a critic to write: "the atmosphere possesses a characteristic humidity about it, that almost imparts the wish for an umbrella". p9
The sketches were the first ever done in oils directly from the subject in the open air. To convey the effects of light and movement, Constable used broken brushstrokes, often in small touches, which he worked over lighter passages. This gave an impression of sparkling light over the landscape. One of the most expressionistic and powerful of all his studies is Seascape Study with Rain Cloud, painted in around 1824 at Brighton, which captures with slashing dark brushstrokes an exploding shower at sea. p128 Constable also became interested in painting rainbow effects, for example in Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows, 1831, and in Cottage at East Bergholt, 1833. To the sky studies he added notes, often on the back of the sketches, of the prevailing weather conditions, direction of light, and time of day, believing that the sky was "the key note, the standard of scale, and the chief organ of sentiment" in a landscape painting. p110 In this habit he is known to have been influenced by the pioneering work of the meteorologist Luke Howard on the classification of clouds. p68 "I have done a good deal of skying", Constable wrote to Fisher on 23 October 1821. p56
Constable once wrote in a letter to Leslie, "My limited and abstracted art is to be found under every hedge, and in every lane, and therefore nobody thinks it worth picking up". p129 He could never have imagined how influential his honest techniques would turn out to be. Constable's art inspired not only contemporaries like Géricault and Delacroix, but the Barbizon School, and the French impressionists of the late nineteenth century.
Karur
Karur is the administrative headquarters of Karur District in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Karur is the district formed after independence and Located on the banks of River Amaravathi and River Kaveri, it has been ruled, at different times, by the Chera, Vijayanagar Empire, Madurai Nayaks, Hyder Ali, Carnatic kingdom, and the British. It is located at a distance of 420 km southwest of the state capital Chennai. Karur is the district located at the "heart" or center of Tamil Nadu.
Population
Karur had a population of 262580 with a sex-ratio of 1,032 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. A total of 6,147 were under the age of six, constituting 3,162 males and 2,985 females.
Economy
Major industries in Karur include: The two leading private rating banks have their headquarters in Karur: the Karur Vysya Bank (KVB) and the Lakshmi Vilas Bank (LVB).
Megha Akash
Megha Akash (born 26 October 1995) is an Indian movie actress who appears in Tamil, Telugu and Hindi language movies. She made her debut in Telugu movie Lie in 2017.
Early life
Megha was born on 26 October 1995 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. She attended the Lady Andal School, Chennai.
Career
Megha started her career by performing in the movie Oru Pakka Kathai, but it got delayed and released on ZEE5 on 25 December 2020. She later starred in the 2017 Telugu, movie and made her Tamil debut in the movie Enai Noki Paayum Thota opposite Dhanush, but Petta released first.
Lassen County, California
Lassen County is a county in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 32,730. The county seat and only incorporated city is Susanville.
John Landy
John Michael Landy (12 April 1930 – 24 February 2022) was an Australian middle-distance runner and politician. Landy was born in Melbourne. He was the second man to break the four-minute mile barrier in the mile run. He held the world records for the 1500 metre run and the mile race. He also won a bronze medal at the 1956 Summer Olympics. Landy was also the 26th Governor of Victoria from 2001 to 2006.
Landy died on 24 February 2022 in Castlemaine, Australia from problems caused by Parkinson's disease at the age of 91.
Iquique
Iquique is a port town in northern Chile. It is the capital of Iquique Province and Tarapacá Region. In the 2012 census, the town had a population of 180,601.
Social darwinism
Social darwinism is a term used for different movements. Charles Darwin was the main proposer of evolution. Evolution is a concept from biology that explains how different life-forms change over time. Most offspring are not exactly like their parents. Some of the children will have different features (or traits). These features may mean that some children are better adapted to the place where they live. If so, the children will have a better chance to survive and reproduce.
Virudhunagar district
Virudhunagar district is one of the 32 districts of Tamil Nadu in southern India. Virudhunagar is the district headquarters. Virudhunagar district was formed by the separation of Ramanathapuram District on 1987 into Ramanathapuram District, Sivagangai District and the west part as Virudhunagar District. Virudhunagar district was formerly called Karmavirar Kamarajar District. As of 2011, Virudhunagar district had a population of 1,942,288 with a sex-ratio of 1,007 females for every 1,000 males. up from 1,751,301 in 2001,
Darul Islam (Indonesia)
History
It was established in 1942 by a group of Muslim militias. The group recognised only Shari'a as a valid source of law. The movement has produced splinters and offshoots that range from Jemaah Islamiyah to non-violent religious groups.
Social darwinism
Social darwinism theories try to use these ideas from biology for human society. They talk about a Struggle for survival of human societies. During the era of Nazi ideologies, the idea of Survival of the fittest combined with racism. They claimed the Aryan race was better than all the other races and therefore needed more space to live. This space was to be provided in the east (where mostly Slavs lived). Today, this is seen as wrong. There was no evidence that Slavs were, as individuals, any better or worse than Germans.
All Quiet on the Western Front (2022 movie)
All Quiet on the Western Front (Im Westen nichts Neues) is a 2022 German epic anti-war movie. It is based on the 1929 novel of the same name by Erich Maria Remarque. It is directed by Edward Berger. It stars Felix Kammerer, Albrecht Schuch, Daniel Brühl, Sebastian Hülk, Aaron Hilmer, Edin Hasanovic and Devid Striesow.
Virudhunagar district
Virudhunagar district is one of the leading producer of match sticks, fireworks and printing in the country, mostly concentrated in and around Sivakasi. Sivakasi is called as Small Japan for being one of the largest fireworks producer in the world. Virudhunagar is also the main market for Sesame oil, chicory, coffee seeds, dry chillies and pulses.
Social darwinism
Although Darwin's idea was revered in most of the western societies, some Russian intellectuals did not accept his ideas. They feared that accepting Darwin's ideas would cause harm. One of Darwin's biggest critic was Leo Tolstoy, who felt strongly against what he thought was Darwin's idea. In a letter from his death bed, he warned his children not to take Darwin's struggle for existence as a moral guide. Darwin never suggested his ideas were a basis for human life, just a description of what had happened in evolution.
All Quiet on the Western Front (2022 movie)
All Quiet on the Western Front was released to streaming on Netflix on October 28, 2022. It had strong positive reviews from critics. It received a leading 14 nominations at the 76th British Academy Film Awards and nine at the 95th Academy Awards, including Best Picture.
Social darwinism
Social darwinism takes the ideas from Darwin’s theory of evolution and uses it on society. Darwin believed that people who were more able to survive were able to have kids with similar abilities. Social Darwinism says that people who have more skills will become more successful. These people can spread their influence and change the politics and society around them to make it better for themselves.
Herbert Spencer
Herbert Spencer's ideas of evolutionary progressivism, stemmed from his reading of Thomas Malthus. His later theories were influenced by those of Darwin. However, Spencer's major work, Progress: its law and cause (1857), was released two years before the publication of Darwin's On the Origin of Species, and Spencer's First Principles was printed in 1860.
In The Social Organism (1860), Spencer compares society to a living organism and argues that, just as biological organisms evolve through natural selection, society evolves and increases in complexity through analogous processes.
In many ways, Spencer's theory of cosmic evolution has much more in common with the works of Lamarck and Auguste Comte's positivism than with Darwin's.
Bad use
Social darwinism may be used as a drive for political parties. For example, the Nazis during World War 2. They preferred some people over others based on ideas like race, and the amount of political control they had. They did not like the Jewish people because they thought they were less than human and were not as important as the rest of the people of Germany.
To justify war on the basis of race is common throughout history. It was very often used in the ancient world when nothing was known about heredity. Nothing that Darwin wrote ever came close to justifying warfare. Warfare has a much longer history than Darwinism. Its roots lie in the struggle for survival of groups of early humans, not in any modern science. Darwin, on the other hand, was basically a pacifist:
830s
The 830s was a decade that started on 1 January 830 and ended on 31 December 839.
Nayib Bukele
Nayib Armando Bukele Ortez (born 24 July 1981) is a Salvadoran politician and businessman. He is the 46th and current President of El Salvador since 1 June 2019. He won the 2019 election. Bukele ran as the candidate of the centre-right GANA party.
He was elected Mayor of Nuevo Cuscatlán on 11 March 2012. He was also elected mayor of San Salvador on 1 March 2015, and took office on 1 May 2015.
Tanggula Railway Station
Tanggula railway station is a railway station on the Qingzang railway in Tibet. It is in Amdo County. Tibet is currently an Autonomous Region inside China. At an altitude of 5,068 meters above sea level it is said to be the highest train station in the world. The next higher station outside China was Ticlio station in (Peru), at 4,829 m.
In 2009, the station was closed, but there are plans to make special trains for tourists stop there.
Introduction
Tanggula railway station is less than one kilometre from Tanggula Pass which is the highest point of the Qingzang railway. That point is 5,072 meters above sea level.
There are no staff at the station, which opened for service on July 1, 2006. Some say that the railway was built to help China control the people of Tibet.
There are three railway tracks at the station. Two of them can be accessed by a platform. The platforms are 1.25km long. The place where the station was built was specially selected for the view it offers.
In 2008, Tangula Railtours will launch a tourist train service from Beijing to Lhasa through the pass. Three specially-built luxury trains will be used for the service.
Mesenteric ischemia
Mesenteric ischemia is a medical condition. It happens when not enough blood gets to the small intestine. This causes inflammation (swelling) and can harm the small intestine.
Mesenteric ischemia happens mostly to the elderly (older people).
Mesenteric ischemia can happen when:
Symptoms
Symptoms of mesenteric ischemia include:
Paloma Cordero
Paloma Delia Margarita Cordero Tapia (1 July 1937 – 11 May 2020) was a Mexican socialite. She was the First Lady of Mexico from 1 December 1982 to 30 November 1988. Her husband was President Miguel de la Madrid. Cordero was born in Mexico City. During the same time when she was First Lady, Cordero was President of the National System for Integral Family Development.
Cordero died on 11 May 2020 in Mexico City, aged 82.
Sandrine Doucet
Sandrine Doucet (10 September 1959 – 4 February 2019) was a French politician. She was a member of the Socialist Party. Doucet was a Deputy between 2012 and 2017 representing Gironde's 1st constituency. Doucet did not seek re-election in 2017.
Doucet died of cancer at age 59 on 4 February 2019.
Beccles
Beccles is a small market town in Suffolk, England, around the area of The Broads. The town had a population of about 9, 850 people around 2005. Beccles has a suburb called Worlingham which has a combined population of about 13,580. Beccles is twinned with Petit-Couronne in France.
History
Beccles was once a flourishing Saxon riverport, but today it is in the Waveney valley. There is a popular boating centre. The town was granted its Charter in 1584 by Queen Elizabeth I.
Belgium
Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium (Koninkrijk België, Königreich Belgien, Royaume de Belgique), is a federal state in Western Europe. Belgium is bordered by The Netherlands in the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast and France to the south. Belgium has an area of 30689 km2. Around 11.6 million people live in Belgium. It is a founding member of the European Union and is home to its headquarters. The capital city of Belgium is Brussels, where the European Union, NATO and other famous organizations are based.
Beccles
History
The Peck family was associated with Beccles for a long time. The Puritan Peck was eventually forced to leave, and went to Hingham, Massachusetts, founded by many members of his parish, where he lived for several years, until King Charles I had been executed and Oliver Cromwell was in charge of government. At that time, Robert Peck decided to return to Hingham, Norfolk, and continued his pastorship of St. Andrews Church. He died in Hingham but he left descendants in America, as well as his brother Joseph Peck, who settled in Rehoboth, Massachusetts.
Belgium
There are three regions in Belgium: The population is about 60% Dutch-speaking, 39% French-speaking, and 1% German-speaking (the so-called Deutschbelgier). To look after all these groups, Belgium has a complex system of government with highly autonomous regions.
History
The Eighty Years' War (1568–1648) divided the Low Countries into the northern United Provinces and the Southern Netherlands. Southern Netherlands were ruled by the Spanish and the Austrian Habsburgs. This made up most of modern Belgium.
After the campaigns of 1794 in the French Revolutionary Wars, the Low Countries were added into the French First Republic. This ended Austrian rule in the area. Adding back the Low Countries formed the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. This happened at the end of the First French Empire in 1815.
The Belgian Revolution was in 1830. Leopold became king on July 21 1831. This is now celebrated as Belgium's National Day.
The Berlin Conference of 1885 gave control of the Congo Free State to King Leopold II. Millions of Congolese people were hurt or killed, mostly to make rubber, and Leopold became very wealthy. In 1908 the Belgian state took control of the colony after a scandal about the deaths.
Gujranwala District
Gujranwala District (ضلع گوجرانوالہ) is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Gujranwala is the capital.
History
Gujranwala (گوجرانوالہ), the capital of Gujranwala District, is a city in the northeast of the Punjab province in Pakistan. It borders the districts of Sialkot, to the north and east, Shiekhupura, to the south, Hafizabad, to the west and south, and Gujrat district to the west, on the other side of the Chenab river. The district is in the ancient region of Punjab, known as Sandal Bar, between the rivers of Chenab and Ravi.
The southern area of Gujranwala district is known as the Virkyat region or Virk territory, were the Virk Jatts held their territory, independently. The Chatha Jatts never got on with the Sikh Sardars, there were wars all the time. until the reign of Sher-e-Panjab. Before the arrival of Sikhs, into Gujranwala area, it was mainly held by local Muslim tribes, while Gujranwala, Garjakh, Qila Mian Singh, Botala Jhanda Singh, Butala Sham Singh, Eminabad, Kamoke, Qila Didar Singh, Ruriala, Mari Thakran, Ladhe Wala Waraich, Wazirabad, Dhounkal, Wadala Cheema, Mughal Chak were the only, that were under local Sikh Rule. In 1738, Panah Bhatti, a very powerful, Chieftain, had the whole of western Punjab, from Hasan Abdal, Attock, to the banks of the River Ravi, at his mercy, Gujranwala area, was to under his influence, but was defeated, by the Muslim Mughal Governors, of Lahore. Panah Bhatti, was captured and killed.
Sardar Amir Singh, was a very old Sikh Chieftain of Gujranwala, belonging to the Waraich Jat Clan. He had two sons Gurbakhsh Singh and Dal Singh, and two daughters including, Desan Kaur (d. 1778), Mai Desan in 1756, was married to Sardar Charat Singh Sukerchakia (d. 1770), who was from Amritsar District of Punjab, crossed the river Ravi, with a large Sikh army, and Occupied Gujranwala, establishing his independent State. Mai Desan, gave birth to Sardar Mahan Singh Sukerchakia (d. 1792), who expanded his territories, and fought against the Chatha Jats, who he defeated. He married Mata Raj Kaur, the daughter of Rajah Gajpat Singh, a Sidhu Jatt, ruler of Jind Sikh State, in about 1777, who later gave birth to Maharajah Ranjit Singh Sher-e-Panjab in 1780, in Gujranwala Haveli (Mansion), the biggest and tallest building in Gujranwala and fortified, at that time, where the great Sikh Chieftains lived. From 1792-1801, Gujranwala remained the capital of Ranjit Singh, until he captured Lahore in 1799, from Sardar Chet Singh Bhangi, a weak Sikh Chieftain of Lahore. Sardar Hari Singh Nalua (1791-1837), was also born in Gujranwala, to Sardar Gurdial Singh, and Mata Dharam Kaur, a Uppal Khatri, who was also the commander and general of the Sikh army during the Sikh times, family was originally from Amritsar. He has been credited for having rebuilt the present city of Gujranwala.
Ranjit Singh, brought all the independent Muslim states of Gujranwala, under his rule. During the later Sikh rule, the Hindu's of Gujranwala, played a great role, in those days. Maharajah Ranjit Singh, having, great tolerance, built many Durgahs of Sufi Saints, such as Mastan Shah, near Gujranwala, according to the local legends of Gujranwalia's. Who is said to have met the maharajah during his childhood. He Visited Dhounkal village, near Wazirabad city, in Gujranwala, where the shrine of mystical Sakhi Sarwar stands.
It has been recorded that a small number of the total Sikh population, of Gujranwala district, were from Eastern Punjab, who started settling in Gujranwala, during the occupation of the area, by the Sikh chief, Charat Singh. Sardar Jhanda Singh, also in between 1760-1799, migrated to Gujranwala, where he established his own Authority, and later founded the village of Botala Jhanda Singh. Other Sikh Sardars such as the Maan Jatt Sikh Sardars of Mughal Chak, and the Waraich Jatt Sikh Sardars of Ruriala in Gujranwala, were also from Amritsar District. Most of the Lahore Sikh royal family members, were from mainly Gujranwala, Sialkot, and some from Amritsar district. There are hundreds of old Islamic Tombs, Forts, Canals, Villages, Gurdwaras, Temples, Mansions, old Villages, Mosques, Baradari's and city walls, which are in ruins, scattered throughout Gujranwala countryside.
The second Anglo Sikh Wars were fought in 1848-49, between the Sikh Empire and British East India Company. were fought at Ram Nagar, also in Gujranwala, where it was Sikh Victory. In 1847, the district had come under British influence. two year later it was under British rule in 1849.
Alyssa Milano
Alyssa Milano (born December 19, 1972) is an American actress. She is best known for her appearance in the 1980s television series Who's The Boss?. She was one of the stars of The WB's series Charmed since 1998.
Gujranwala District
Administration
The district is composed of 4 tehsils:
Alyssa Milano
Milano was born in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn. She moved to Great Kills, Staten Island early in her life.
Belgium
History
In 1960 the Belgian Congo stopped being under Belgian rule. Two years later Ruanda-Urundi also became free.
Government and politics
Since 1993, Belgium is a federal state, divided into three regions and three communities.
Regions:
Communities:
It has a system of government known as a constitutional monarchy, meaning that it has a monarch, but that the monarch does not rule the country, and that a government is elected democratically.
Belgium has had its own monarchy since 1831. King Albert II left the throne on July 21, 2013 and the current king is Philippe.
In Belgium, the government is elected. Between mid-2010 and late 2011, after no clear result in the election, Belgium had no official government, until Elio Di Rupo became Prime Minister. Flanders and Wallonia both also have their own regional governments, and there is a notable independence movement in Flanders. Alexander De Croo is currently the Prime Minister.
Geography
Belgium is next to France, Germany, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. Its total area is 34,143 square kilometers (including sea area). The land area alone is 30,689 km², of which 195 km² or 0.64% are inland and coastal waters. Belgium has three main geographical regions. The coastal plain is in the north-west. The central plateau are part of the Anglo-Belgian Basin. The Ardennes uplands are in the south-east. The Paris Basin reaches a small fourth area at Belgium's southernmost tip, Belgian Lorraine.
The coastal plain is mostly sand dunes and polders. Further inland is a smooth, slowly rising landscape. There are fertile valleys. The hills have many forests. The plateaus of the Ardennes are more rough and rocky. They have caves and small, narrow valleys. Signal de Botrange is the country's highest point at 694 metres (2,277 ft).
Regions
Belgium is divided into three regions: Flemish Region (Flanders), Walloon Region (Wallonia), and Brussels-Capital Region (Brussels Region or Brussels - also the name of the city):
¹ The city of Brussels does not lie in Flanders Region and therefore cannot be the largest city of this region.
Healthcare in the Netherlands
Healthcare in the Netherlands is based on 160 primary care centres, open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Some of them are on hospital sites. To use hospital services most people need to be sent by a GP. The vast majority of GPs and all the pharmacies and hospitals use electronic health records.
There are about 90 hospital organisations in the Netherlands. Some of them have more than one actual physical hospital. They are mostly privately run non-profit foundations.
Everybody has to have health insurance. There are 1400 different insurance packages. The price is not allowed to be related to health status or age. There are two kinds:
Alyssa Milano
In 2015, Milano supported Bernie Sanders for President of the United States in the 2016 presidential election.
Bourdon, Somme
Bourdon, Somme is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
Belgium
Provinces
Flanders and Wallonia are divided into provinces. Brussels (Region) is not part of any province.
¹ German name: Lüttich - the very eastern part of the province of Liège is officially German-speaking, the so-called German-speaking Community of Belgium.
Climate
Belgium has a mostly oceanic climate, but the Belgian Ardennes has a continental climate.
Military
The Belgian Armed Forces have about 46,000 active troops. In 2009 the yearly defence budget was $6 billion. There are four parts: Belgian Land Component, or the Army; Belgian Air Component, or the Air Force; Belgian Naval Component, or the Navy; Belgian Medical Component.
Science and technology
Adding to science and technology has happened throughout the country's history. cartographer Gerardus Mercator, anatomist Andreas Vesalius, herbalist Rembert Dodoens   and mathematician Simon Stevin are among the most influential scientists.
Chemist Ernest Solvay and engineer Zenobe Gramme gave their names to the Solvay process and the Gramme dynamo in the 1860s. Bakelite was formed in 1907–1909 by Leo Baekeland. A major addition to science was also due to a Belgian, Georges Lemaître. He is the one who made the Big Bang theory of the start of the universe in 1927.
Three Nobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicine were awarded to Belgians: Jules Bordet in 1919, Corneille Heymans in 1938 and Albert Claude together with Christian De Duve in 1974. Ilya Prigogine was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1977. Two Belgian mathematicians have been awarded the Fields Medal: Pierre Deligne in 1978 and Jean Bourgain in 1994.
In February 2014, Belgium became the first country in the world to legalize euthanasia without any age limits.
Alyssa Milano
In October 2017, Milano helped popularized the #MeToo movement, an international internet movement, to raise awareness of the dangers and victims of sexual abuse and sexual harassment.