cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Phobia
Treatment
There are different ways to help people with phobias. There is treatment available; it focuses on making the patient less sensitive to the fear they suffer from, or showing him or her how the cycle of fear works. There is also medication available (mostly sedatives) that help people cope. Finally there are self-help groups.
Related pages
List of phobias
Foreskin restoration
Foreskin restoration is used by men who are circumcised and unhappy with it. There are two methods. One is doing surgery. The other is stretching the skin on the shaft of the penis with a special foreskin stretcher.
Flesch Reading Ease
The Flesch Reading Ease (FRES) score says how easy something is to read. J. Peter Kincaid and others made this formula for the U.S. Navy in 1975.
How it works
The FRES test works by counting the number of words, syllables, and sentences in the text. It then calculates the average number of words per sentence and the average number of syllables per word. The idea is that shorter words and shorter sentences are easier to read. The higher the score, the easier the text is to understand. The formula is:
Some points of reference for the score are:
The highest score possible is 121.22. It is gained if every sentence only has a one-syllable word. "The cat sat on the mat" scores 116. There is no lower limit to this score. Some very complicated sentences can have negative scores.
The Flesch score is usually lower for technical documentation because the topic itself is complicated. Someone who uses the test regularly will develop a sense of a reasonable score for this type of writing. They can then aim to align with this score.
The Flesch score for this subsection is 74.
Tools
Tools to calculate the Flesch Reading Ease include:
Stephen House
Sir Stephen "Steve" House (born 1957) is a British police officer. He served as interim Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis from 10 April 2022 until 12 September 2022.
Japanese folklore
Japanese folklore is the folklore of Japan. It is very influenced by Shinto and Buddhism, the two most important religions in the country. It usually includes humorous or strange characters and situations. It also includes many supernatural creatures, such as kami (gods and revered spirits), yōkai (monster-spirits) (like oni, kappa, and tengu), onryō (ghosts), dragons, and animals with supernatural powers like the kitsune (fox), tanuki (raccoon dog), mujina (badger), and bakeneko (transforming cat).
Japanese folklore is often divided into several categories: "mukashibanashi," tales of long-ago; "namidabanashi", sad stories; "obakebanashi", ghost stories; "ongaeshibanashi", stories of kindness; "tonchibanashi", witty stories; "waraibanashi", funny stories; and "yokubaribanashi", stories of greed.
Some famous Japanese folktales and legends include:
Santa Fe de Antioquia
Santa Fe de Antioquia is a municipality in the Antioquia Department of Colombia. The city is located about 50 miles north of Medellin, the department capital. It has a population of about 23,000 residents.
History
It was founded by the name Villa de Santafé in 1541 by Jorge Robledo on the western bank of the Cauca River. It received the coat of arms and the title of City of Antioquia from King Philip II of Spain in 1545. It was promoted to the status of parish in 1547 by the bishop of Popayán. It changed its name in 1584 when it became the capital of Antioquia. It was a mining town from its beginnings and the gold mining operation has been the base of its economy.
Its cathedral was constructed in 1799 and elevated to Diocese of Antioquia in 1804 by Pope Pius VII. In 1813 Antioquia was declared a sovereign and independent state with Santa Fe as its capital, a status it maintained until 1826, when Medellín was chosen as the new departmental seat. Due to the state of conservation of its colonial architecture, it was declared a national monument in 1960.
Economy
The economy of Santa Fe de Antioquia is based on agriculture. The main products made are coffee, maize and beans.
Tourism
Tourism was, and continues to be one of the more important economic enterprises for the municipality. The opening of the Tunnel of the West (which shortens the time and the distance between the locality and Medellín) in 2006 has allowed hundreds of tourists to come each weekend, stimulating the vocation of the vicinity as a summer vacation site.
Other websites
http://www.medellintraveler.com/Cinema.html
Execution
Beheading
Beheading means cutting the person's head off. It is one of the oldest execution methods and mentioned in the Bible. Beheading used to be the standard method of execution in Scandinavia and Germany. Commoners were usually beheaded with an axe and noblemen with a sword. A special device, like the guillotine, may be used, as in France. Nazi Germany used the guillotine to execute criminal convicts, such as murderers.
Many countries formerly used beheading as an execution for important people, including England. In England, many noblemen and even some kings and queens have been beheaded. There, the prisoner would be led up the scaffold and might be allowed a last speech. Then, he/she would be blindfolded and put his/her neck onto a block. Then, the executioner would lift up his axe and swing it down onto the victim's neck. If the executioner was skilled and the axe was sharp, then the axe would usually cut through the bone and organs of the victim in one stroke. But if the executioner was inexperienced, then it might take several strokes before the head was cut off.
Fuck the World (Insane Clown Posse song)
"Fuck the World" is a 1999 midwest hip hop song by the American Horrorcore band Insane Clown Posse and is the second single from their fifth studio album The Amazing Jeckel Brothers, which was released in 1999. The song was produced by Insane Clown Posse and Mike Clark and also written by Mike E. Clark and ICP.
The song is notable for using the curse word, "fuck" 95 times even though the song claims to have said it 93 times. The people they cursed in the song were: Beastie Boys, the Dalai Lama, Forrest Gump, Oprah Winfrey, Kyle Petty, Tom Petty, Fred Bear, Ted Nugent, The Count of Monte Cristo, Cisco, Jack Brisco, Jerry Brisco, RMS Titanic, Celine Dion, Dionne Warwick, Berlin Wall, Lyle Lovett (claiming "Whoever the fuck that is"), Jumpsteady, Rocky Maivia, Spin, Rolling Stone, VIBE, and Violent J.
Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata
The Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata (ANSA; literally "National Associated Press Agency") is a main wire service in Italy. ANSA is a non-profit organization. Their members and owners are 36 leading news organizations in Italy. Its goal is to support and publish reliable news.
In 2013, they were the first news organization to announce the resignation of Pope Benedict XVI.
Factorial
The factorial of a whole number n, written as n! or
<span style="border-bottom: 1px #000 solid; border-left: 1px #000 solid; display: inline; line-height: 1em; padding: 0 0.25em;">n
, is found by multiplying n by all the whole numbers less than it. For example, the factorial of 4 is 24, because. Hence one can write 4! = 24. For some technical reasons,
0!
is equal to
1
.
Factorials can be used to find out how many possible ways there are to arrange n objects.
For example, if there are 3 letters (A, B, and C), they can be arranged as ABC, ACB, BAC, BCA, CAB, and CBA. That is be 6 choices because A can be put in 3 different places, B has 2 choices left after A is placed, and C has only one choice left after A and B are placed. In other words, choices.
The factorial function grows very fast. There are ways to arrange 10 items.
Applications
The earliest uses of the factorial function involve counting permutations: there are n! different ways of arranging n distinct objects into a sequence. Factorials appear more broadly in many formulas in combinatorics, to account for different orderings of objects. For instance the binomial coefficients count the k-element combinations (subsets of k elements) from a set with n elements, and can be computed from factorials using the formula
\binom{n}{k}=\frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!}. Related sequences and functions
Several other integer sequences are similar to or related to the factorials:
Notes
Factorials are not defined for negative numbers. However, the related gamma function (\Gamma(x)) is defined over the real and complex numbers (except for negative integers).
Andrew Horatio Reeder
Andrew Horatio Reeder (July 12, 1807 – July 5, 1864) was the first governor of the Territory of Kansas.
Early Life
Reeder was born on July 12, 1807 in Easton, Pennsylvania. He went to school in Lawrenceville, New Jersey. He became a lawyer in 1828 in Pennsylvania. In 1831, he married Frederika Amalia Hutter. They had three sons and seven daughters.
Kansas
Reeder supported the idea of popular sovereignty (where people in a state would decide whether a state becomes free or slave) about slavery. On June 29, 1854, President Franklin Pierce asked Reeder to be the governor of the Kansas Territory. He said yes. He would stay governor until August 16, 1855.
President Franklin Pierce asked Reeder to quit. This is because Reeder did not let Kansas become a slave state.
Pennsylvania
Reeder came back to Pennsylvania. He was a part of the Republican Party. He stayed in politics and law. He died in Easton, Pennsylvania on July 5, 1864. He is buried in Easton Cemetery.
Huang Taiji
Huang Taiji (皇太極; 1592 - 1643) was the emperor of Qing Dynasty. His surname was Aisin Gioro. His reign names were Tian Cong and Chong De. Huang Taiji was the eighth son of Taizu Emperor (Nurhaci). He reigned the Manchu trible from 1627 until 1643.
Life
In 1636, Huang took control of the southern part of Mongol, the north-eastern part of China and Korea. He started the Qing Dynasty. Huang Taiji died in 1643 of apoplexy.
Violeta Chamorro
Violeta Barrios Torres de Chamorro (Born October 18, 1929 in Rivas, Nicaragua) is a Nicaraguan. She and was President of Nicaragua from 1990 to 1996. Her husband, Pedro Chamorro, was a newspaper editor. He was assassinated in 1978. She took over as editor of the paper, La Prensa.
Pop Rocks
Pop Rocks are a kind of candy with carbonation added to make a "popping" feeling in the mouth of the person eating them.
Best Buy
Best Buy is an American multinational consumer electronics retailer with its headquarters in Richfield, Minnesota. It is the largest consumer electronics retailer in the United States.
Svartå
Svartå is a locality in Degerfors Municipality in Örebro County in Sweden. In 2010, 495 people lived there.
Shiogama
Geography
Shiogama is in the central part of Miyagi Prefecture. It is between Sendai and Matsushima. The city is surrounded by water and mountains: Matsushima Bay is on one side and Matsushima Hills on the other.
The flat areas of the city are mainly reclaimed land. About 60 percent of the urban area is on reclaimed land and 40 percent on hills. People living in the town are crowded into a narrow area. Not much land is good for stripmalls.
Writing the name of the city
The Japanese language has several writing systems. One of them is kanji. Different kanji may have the same pronunciation. Some kanji are similar in form and meaning. There are two ways to write the name of the city. Both ways have the basic meaning "a pot for boiling salt". Both sound the same, but have slightly different meanings.
One way is to write 塩釜. The other way is 塩竈. The first way to write the city name is often used, such as on the post office, train station, many brand names, and on signs.
The second way comes from the history and an important landmark in the city. Shiogama shrine is at the top of a hill in the city. It is an important Shinto shrine in the Tohoku region. The city got its name from the shrine, but the shrine is written 鹽竈神社. The first character, 鹽, is an old character for salt. It has been replaced in the list of kanji for general use by a simpler character, 塩. The second character, 竈, or kamado/kama, means a large cooking area made of earth. The newer name uses 釜, which means an iron pot.
Peter Criss (album)
Peter Criss is a solo album from the drummer of the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on September 18, 1978, as one of four solo albums released by the members of Kiss.
Lysapsus limellum
The Uruguay harlequin frog (Lysapsus limellum) is a frog. It lives in Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, Brazil, and Argentina. Scientists have seen it as high as 800 meters above sea level.
The adult male frog is 16.2–24.8 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 15.3-21.0 mm long. This frog can be light green, dark green-brown, or any color in between. Many of the frogs have stripes, but they do not all have the same kinds of stripes. The iris of the eye is gold in color.
This frog is much larger when it is a tadpole than when it is a frog. The tadpole can be 40 mm long with the tail (11 mm long not counting the tail). The tip of the tadpole's tail is black in color. Scientists think this may make animals that want to eat the tadpole attack its tail instead of its head.
Scientists found these frogs in places with much water and few trees. For example, river basins on savanna grasslands. This animal goes to places where plants float on top of the water instead of growing up from the bottom. The tadpoles swim in the middle of the water. They stay near plants that grow up from the bottom of the pond.
This frog lays eggs all year. The male frog sits on floating plants and sings for the female. The female lays 10-182 eggs at a time.
Fish and animals without bones eat the adult frog. Insects eat the tadpole.
Charging Bull
Charging Bull is a sculpture in Bowling Green, Manhattan, New York City. It was put there without permission by Arturo Di Modica in 1989 but because it was popular it stayed. The sculpture is supposed to represent financial optimism and prosperity.
Creation
The bull was cast by Arturo Di Modica in the Bedi-Makky Art Foundry at a cost of about $360,000. On 15 December 1989, Di Modica put the 3.5 ton statue under a Christmas tree on Broad Street, outside the New York Stock Exchange.
List of Lord Mayors of Manchester
This is a list of the Mayors and Lord Mayors of Manchester in the North West of England.
Dynasty (album)
Dynasty is a studio album by the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on May 23, 1979.
Mount Sinai
Mount Sinai (הר סיני Har Sinai; Aramaic: ܛܘܪܐ ܕܣܝܢܝ Ṭūrāʾ Dsyny), also known as Jabal Musa (جَبَل مُوسَىٰ, translation: Mount Moses), is a mountain on the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt. It is possibly the place where Moses was given the Ten Commandments, according to the Torah, Bible, and Quran,.
It is a 2285 m high mountain near the city of Saint Catherine in the region known today as the Sinai Peninsula. The mountain is surrounded on all sides by higher peaks in its mountain range. It is next to Mount Catherine which, at 2629 m, is the highest peak in Egypt.
Svartvik
Svartvik is a locality in Sundsvall Municipality in Västernorrland County in Sweden. In 2010, 949 people lived there.
Suzuka Circuit
Suzuka International Racing Course, Suzuka Circuit for short, is a motorsports race track in Ino, Suzuka City, Mie Prefecture, Japan. It is managed by Mobilityland Corporation, a subsidiary of Honda Motor Co., Ltd..
Introduction
The circuit can be used in three configurations: the full "Grand Prix" circuit, the "East" circuit, and the "West" circuit. The "East" course is made of the main pit straight to the first half of the Dunlop curve (turn 7). It then leads back to the pit straight via a tight right-hand turn. The "West" course is made up of the other part of the full circuit, with the pit stop at the straight before the 130R corner.
Motorsport events
Suzuka is one of the oldest tracks on the Formula One World Championship. It has a long history of races as host of the Japanese Grand Prix. Suzuka was dropped from the Formula One calendar for the and  seasons in favor of the Toyota-owned Fuji Speedway. Fuji had just been remodeled and the circuit redesigned by Hermann Tilke. Suzuka and Fuji were to alternate hosting the Japanese Grand Prix starting in. In July 2009, Fuji announced that it would no longer be part of the F1 calendar. Suzuka signed a deal to host the Japanese Grand Prix through.
The circuit was closed for more than a year to make renovations, since Mobilityland needed to make the track comply with Formula One rules for 2009. The last major event before the renovations was held on 18 November 2007. The track held a re-opening event on 12 April 2009.
Suzuka also hosts other motorsport events, including the Suzuka 1000 km endurance race. The Suzuka 1000 km is a round of the Super GT racing series, and is the only race in that series of that length. Suzuka also hosts the Suzuka 8 Hours for motorcycles, which has been run since 1978.
NASCAR organized the NASCAR Thunder 100, a pair of exhibition 100-lap races on the East Circuit. The races were held in 1996 and 1997. The 1.4 mi layout went along the pit straight and S-corners, before rejoining the main circuit near the Casio Triangle chicane. The cars were from the Sprint Cup Series (then called the Winston Cup) and Camping World West Series (then called Winston West). The field was by invitation for the two races, and it included several Japanese and Australian drivers. Tragedy struck in the 1996 event when pace car driver Elmo Langley died of a heart attack during practice. During qualifying for the 1997 race, rain caused Goodyear to use rain tires on the Sprint Cup cars. This was the first time in NASCAR's modern era (which started in 1972) that race cars used rain tires instead of slick tires.
It was announced on 21 June 2010 that Suzuka Circuit would host the Japan round of the 2011 World Touring Car Championship season instead of the Okayama International Circuit.
130R
Following two bad accidents in 2002 and 2003, safety has been a concern at the circuit's 130R corner. 130R is a 130 m radius turn starting past the bridge. 130R has been compared to Spa's Eau Rouge corner. In 2002, Toyota driver Allan McNish suffered a high-speed crash through the bump. The crash sent him through a metal fence. He was not seriously injured.
Track officials redesigned the corner. They made it a double-apex (two smaller turns in one corner) section. One apex had a 85 m radius, and the second had a 340 m radius. This led to the much closer Casio Triangle chicane, with the chicane becoming a "bus stop" type for motorcycles.
Problems continued for the revised section. During the 2003 MotoGP Grand Prix of Japan, the track's first major event since the revisions, MotoGP rider Daijiro Kato was killed when he crashed in the new section, on his way to the braking zone for the Casio Triangle. MotoGP has not returned to Suzuka since the incident.
Popular culture
Along with Fuji Speedway, Suzuka Circuit has been featured in many video games and arcade games. The circuit appears in most F1 games that have been published since 1987. The East Course has been featured in NASCAR 98 and the Gran Turismo series.
Ethan Spaulding
Ethan Spaulding is a crew person on the animated television series Avatar: The Last Airbender. He directed twelve episodes, and held various crew positions on several others.
Tunadal
Tunadal is a locality in Sundsvall Municipality in Västernorrland County in Sweden. In 2010, 360 people lived there.
The Thinker
The Thinker (Le Penseur) (1902) is a bronze statue. It was made by the sculptor Auguste Rodin. It depicts a man sitting and thinking with his arms bent on his knee and his chin on his hand. Rodin first called the statue The Poet. It was part of a commission by the Museum of Decorative Arts in Paris to create a huge gate based on the epic poem The Divine Comedy of Dante. Each of the statues in the piece represented one of the main characters in the poem. The Thinker was originally meant to depict Dante himself in front of the Gates of Hell considering his great poem. Over twenty casts of the sculpture exist. They are now in museums around the world. Some of those copies are enlarged versions of the original work, while others have somewhat different proportions.
Dhar district
Dhar district is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The historic town of Dhar is administrative headquarters of the district.
Jessie Flower
Jessie Flower (aka Michaela Jill Murphy, born August 18, 1994 in Indiana) is an American voice actress. She is most well known as the voice of Toph in the Nickelodeon animated television series Avatar: The Last Airbender. She also voiced the character Meng in the season one episode "The Fortuneteller" and Peggy in Random! Cartoons episode Tiffany. Jessie has been in several movies, including Meet the Robinsons, Over the Hedge, The Ant Bully, Finding Nemo, and Brother Bear 2.
Jurong Region MRT line
The Jurong Region Line (JRL) is a Mass Rapid Transit line opening in 2026 that is in the western part of Singapore. It reaches north to Choa Chu Kang, south to Jurong Pier, west to Peng Kang Hill and east to Pandan Reservoir. The line will be the seventh MRT line to be built.
The JRL is the third MRT line in Singapore to be constructed with tracks that are above ground, after the East West Line and the North South Line, and the first MRT line to be built fully above ground, with no parts that are underground or at the ground level.
The line is colored turquoise on the MRT Rail map.
Overview
The line mainly serves Jurong and the nearby areas. The line is split into three parts, or branches:
Trains starting at Choa Chu Kang will end at Jurong Pier. Trains starting at Jurong Pier will end at Peng Kang Hill. Lastly, trains starting at Peng Kang Hill will go towards Choa Chu Kang, with Bahar Junction as an interchange point for the 3 services. People who want to change to trains on the east branch can only do so at Tengah.
Tractor
A tractor, otherwise known as a traction engine, road locomotive or road engine, is a strong work vehicle used for farming. It usually has a seat for only the driver, and can be used to pull many different tools or trailers.
Jurong Region MRT line
Overview
Studies for an extension to connect the east branch to the Circle Line at Haw Par Villa are being done.
Tractor
Most tractors use big wheels, but some use rubber tracks to spread their weight over a large area. This is useful for farmers in places with very soft or muddy ground where a tractor with wheels might get stuck.
Jurong Region MRT line
Beginnings and developments
As early as 1996, plans were made to allow a railway to go to the Nanyang Technological University, from the rest of Singapore. The white paper published by the Land Transport Authority showed that a Light Rail Transit line would run west of Boon Lay station on the East West line towards the university. The JRL was created as a concept, but was dropped because not many people were expected to use the line at that time.
However, in 2013, the JRL was announced again, as a Mass Rapid Transit line that would run from Choa Chu Kang, crossing Boon Lay and Tengah, Jurong East, Jurong Industrial Estate and Jurong West.
Details of the line were announced on 9 May 2018, as a 24-kilometre line with 24 stations. The Choa Chu Kang Bus Interchange, 1 HDB block, and Pioneer Primary School will all be taken by the government for the building of the line.
JRL will start opening in 3 phases from 2026 to 2028.
System
The JRL has 24 kilometres (15 mi) of tracks, with 24 stations. There are four branches: to Choa Chu Kang in the north, Jurong Pier in the south, Pandan Reservoir in the east and Peng Kang Hill in the west.
Depot
There will be a depot at Tengah and a parking area near Peng Kang Hill station to support the operations of the JRL. Rolling stock will be kept at both locations, which will have parking areas for JRL trains. The Tengah Depot, which will also house the JRL Operations Control Centre, will have a bus depot and a workers’ sleeping area combined with it to use the land better. The Peng Kang Hill parking area is located near Peng Kang Hill station, while Tengah depot is located along the western side of Tengah.
Rolling stock
The JRL is operated by three-car trains that can be made to become four cars when the number of people using the line goes up. Each car is 18.6 metres long by 2.75 metres wide, which is smaller than those used on other MRT lines because the JRL is above ground and the trains have to run along places with many buildings.
West Coast extension
This proposed extension from West Coast to Haw Par Villa via Pasir Panjang would connect the JRL to the Circle line and improve the ability to travel between the western part of Singapore and the Central Business District. It would support the future developments along the JRL, and increase the strength of the Mass Rapid Transit network. New stations would be added in West Coast and Pasir Panjang. The plan was announced in 2015, and as of 2017, studies are ongoing for the proposed extension. If built, the extension would be ready in 2030.
Daniel Hudson (baseball)
Daniel Claiborne Hudson (born March 9, 1987 in Lynchburg, Virginia) is an American baseball player. He currently plays as a pitcher for the Pittsburgh Pirates of Major League Baseball (MLB).
Hudson formerly played for the Chicago White Sox from 2009-2010 and was traded to the Diamondbacks on July 30, 2010 along with minor league pitcher David Holmberg for Edwin Jackson.
Music from "The Elder"
Music from "The Elder" is a concept album by the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on November 10, 1981.
Unmasked
Unmasked is a studio album by the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on May 20, 1980.
Bruno Poromaa
Poromaa died on 11 September 2016 at the age of 80.
Seismometer
A seismometer or seismograph is an instrument that measures motions of the ground, including those generated by earthquakes, nuclear explosions and other sources.
Records of seismic waves called seismograms allow us to map the interior of the Earth, and to find and measure the size of those different sources.
The word derives from the Greek word, seismós, a shaking or quake, from the verb σείω, seíō, to shake; and μέτρον, métron, measure.
The technique of using a seismometer to build up a picture of the Earth's interior is called seismic tomography.
Resonance
In physics, resonance is the tendency of a system to vibrate with increasing amplitudes at some frequencies of excitation. These are known as the system's resonant frequencies (or resonance frequencies). The resonator may have a fundamental frequency, and any number of harmonics.
An example of useful effect of resonant frequency is a guitar string which makes a characteristic noise when it is touched. The noise depends on how thick or slack the string is.
Another example can be seen in a playground swing. There is one specific rate at which you must push away a person on a swing to cause the swing to go high. This rate is the resonant frequency.
In earthquake engineering, on contrary, any possibility of a resonance is detrimental for the building structure.
The Kirkwood gap and other connections among orbits are caused by orbital resonance.
Meiji period
The Meiji period (明治時代), also known as the Meiji era, was a Japanese era name (年号,) after Keiō and before Taishō. This period started in September 1868 and ended in July 1912. During this time, the emperor was Meiji-tennō (明治天皇).
The nengō Meiji means "Enlightened Rule" or "Enlightened Government".
Events of the Meiji period
The years in which Meiji was the Japanese monarch comprise this modern period or era.
Camillo Milli
Camillo Migliori, best known as Camillo Milli (1 August 1929 – 20 January 2022) was an Italian actor. He was born in Milan, Italy. His career began in 1951. He was best known for his role as Ugo Monti in the Canale 5 TV series CentoVetrine.
Croup
Croup (or laryngotracheobronchitis) is caused by a virus and leads to swelling inside the throat. This swelling causes problems with normal breathing. People with croup can have a "barking"cough, stridor (a high-pitched wheezing sound), and hoarseness. Croup symptoms often get worse at night. Taking steroids by mouth can treat the condition. Sometimes epinephrine is used in more severe cases. Hospitalization is rarely required.
Signs and symptoms
Croup symptoms include a "barking" cough, stridor ( a high pitched sound typically when breathing in), hoarseness, and difficult breathing that are worse at night. The "barking" cough can sound like a seal or sea lion. Crying can make the wheezing worse; wheezing can mean that the airways are narrowed. As croup gets worse, the wheezing can decrease.
Other symptoms are fever, symptoms typical of the common cold), and the skin between the ribs pulling in when the child breathes. Drooling or a sick appearance can mean a different illness. The virus infection leads to swelling in the throat and air passages that can make breathing difficult.
Causes
Most croup is caused by a virus infection. Some people call severe laryngotracheitis croup. This disease is caused by a milder virus. Croup also can be laryngeal diphtheria, bacterial tracheitis, laryngotracheobronchitis, and laryngotracheobronchopneumonitis. These diseases are caused by bacteria and are more severe.
Virus
In 75% of cases, the parainfluenza virus, mainly types 1 and 2, causes croup. Other viruses that can cause croup include influenza A and B, measles, adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Spasmodic croup (croup with barking) does not have the usual signs of infection, such as fever, sore throat, and increased white blood cell count). Treating spasmodic croup is the same as treating regular croup.
Bacterial
Bacterial croup includes laryngeal diphtheria, bacterial tracheitis, laryngotracheobronchitis, and laryngotracheobronchopneumonitis. Corynebacterium diphtheriae causes laryngeal diphtheria; bacterial tracheitis, laryngotracheobronchitis, and laryngotracheobronchopneumonitis come from a virus infection, followed by a bacteria infection. The most common bacteria that cause croup areStaphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis.
Diagnosis
An X-ray of the neck is not routine, but if it is done, it can show a narrowing of the trachea, called the steeple sign, because the narrow shape looks like a church steeple. The steeple sign does not appear in half of cases.
Blood tests and viral cultures (tests for the virus) can cause irritate the airway. Cultures of the virus, obtained by nasopharyngeal aspiration (using a tube to suck mucus out of the nose), are used to confirm the exact cause. These cultures are restricted to people doing research. If a person does not improve with standard treatment, further tests can be done to check for bacteria.
Severity
The most common system for describing the severity of croup is the Westley score. This test is used for research, but does not help the person with croup. Points are given for five factors: level of consciousness, cyanosis (blue skin coloring), stridor (wheezing), air entry, and retractions (skin on the chest pulling in). The table to the right lists the points given for each factor; the final score ranges from 0 to 17.
85% of children going to the emergency department have mild disease. Severe croup is rare–less than 1% of cases.
Prevention
Immunization (vaccines) for influenza and diphtheria can prevent croup.
Steroids
Corticosteroids, such as dexamethasone and budesonide, can be used to treat croup. People begin to improve a lot within six hours after taking steroids. Steroids work when given by mouth, injection, or inhalation (breathing them in), but taking them by mouth is best. Most of the time, a single dose is enough. Dexamethasone at doses of 0.15, 0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg appear to be all equally good.
Epinephrine
Moderate to severe croup can be helped with nebulized epinephrine(an inhaled solution that widens the airway). While epinephrine reduces croup severity within 10–30 minutes, the benefits last for only about 2 hours. If symptoms improve for 2–4 hours after treatment and no other complications happen, the child typically can leave the hospital.
Other
There is not enough evidence that other treatments for croup are helpful. Clinical studies do not show that breathing hot steam or humidified air is helpful and currently it rarely is used. Medical professionals do not want people to use cough medicines, which containdextromethorphan and/or guiafenesin. Clinical studies also do not support inhaling heliox (a mixture of helium and oxygen) to make it easier to breath. Since most cases of croup is are diseases, antibiotics are not used unless bacteria are also suspected. The antibiotics vancomycin and cefotaxime are recommended for bacterial infections. In severe cases associated with influenza A or B, theanti neuraminidase inhibitors can be given.
Likely outcome
Most of the time, croup caused by a virus is a short-term disease. Croup rarely causes death from respiratory failure and/or cardiac arrest. Symptoms improve within two days, but can last for up to seven days. Other uncommon complications include bacterial tracheitis (infection of the trachea), pneumonia (lung infection), and pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs).
Epidemiology
About 15% of children between the ages of 6 months and 5–6 years will get croup. Croup accounts for about 5% of hospital admissions for this age group. In rare cases, children as young as 3 months and as old as 15 years have croup. Males are affected 50% more frequently than are females; croup is more common in autumn (fall).
Christian radio
Christian radio is a kind of radio station that has mostly Christian programs. Some Christian radio stations play Christian music. Some Christian radio stations have talk or news programs.
Croup
History
The word croup comes from the Early Modern English verb croup, meaning "to cry hoarsely"; the name was first used for the disease in Scotland. Diphtheritic croup has been known since the time of Homer's Ancient Greece. In 1826, Bretonneau distinguished croup from a virus and croup due to diphtheria. The French called croup from a virus "faux-croup," using "croup" for a disease caused by the diphtheria bacteria. Croup due to diphtheria has become nearly unknown since most people are immunized.
Christian radio
History
Since the early days of broadcasting, some stations have included Church services, sermons, and Christian Music. The first AM experimental broadcast was on Christmas Eve, and included a violin playing religious music. Christian programs were common by the time radio became popular in the 1920s.
Kazakhstan at the 2018 Winter Paralympics
Kazakhstan sent people to compete at the 2018 Winter Paralympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea. The team spent two years preparing for the Winter Paralympics.
Christian radio
Christian Radio Formats
Christian Radio can follow many different formats. In fact, for most every secular radio format there is a corresponding Christian format. The only exception may be the "shock jock" format. Some of the popular Christian formats would be "Oldies" (traditional music), Black Gospel, Southern Gospel, "Rock", Talk, Worship, sermons, etc. In addition many Christian stations use languages other than the majority language of their country. Because of these language and format possibilities, a large city may have a dozen or more Christian stations without much overlap in their programming.
Kazakhstan at the 2018 Winter Paralympics
Team
Six people and one guide skier from Kazakhstan went to Pyeongchang, South Korea for the 2018 Winter Paralympics. All are competing in para-Nordic skiing. There are six men and one woman. Three are going to their first Paralympic Games. They are coached by Vasily Kolomyjets (Василий Коломиец).
Christian radio
Christian Radio Viewpoints
While Evangelical groups have by far the most stations, there are also Roman Catholic radio stations. Liberal Christian groups make some programs, but few own their own stations, preferring to buy time on other, usually secular stations.
Target Audience
Some Christian stations seek to target a particular group such as youth, elderly, women or other groups. Many Christian stations produce programs that are mainly of interest to those who are already committed Christians. Others seek to do evangelism, and have music and programs that might attract those who are not already Christians.
Funding
Many Christian Stations operate as non-commercial stations. They get most of their financial support from listeners or those who donate in order to influence the listeners. Other stations operate as commercial stations, that is, they carry advertisements to cover the cost of the operation.
Growth in numbers
The number of radio stations in the U.S. with a Christian format has grown greatly in the 21st Century. This is partly because some AM stations could not compete as commercial stations and were bought by Christian groups to operate as non-commercial or semi-commercial Christian stations. Also more opportunities for FM stations came about with changes in FCC rules. Many countries which used to have only government stations began to allow other groups to have radio stations. This increased the number of Christian stations outside the U.S.
International Stations
There are many Christian stations that operate with a Missionary purpose. They broadcast the Christian message to countries and groups where there are large numbers of persons who are not Christians, or who are Christians with limited access to churches or Christian teaching. These stations consider themselves "Missionary Radio" stations, as opposed to Stations that mainly serve the needs of persons in majority Christian countries. Another distinction between Christian radio and Missionary Radio is that with Missionary Radio, the funding almost never comes from the people being served, whereas in Christian radio is often is from them.
Chilcotin Group
During the Miocene and Pliocene, a volcanic field occurred in British Columbia's Interior Plateau. The basalt is assumed to cover up to 50,000 km2 of the Pacific Northwest. It forms a medium-sized large igneous province, of volume 3300 km3.
Volcanism still continues from time to time. Eruptions were most vigorous 6–10 million years ago (mya) and 2–3 mya, when most of the basalt was released. Smaller eruptions continued from 1.6 mya to 0.01 mya.
Kazakhstan at the 2018 Winter Paralympics
Team
The table below is the list of members (called "Team Kazakhstan") that played in the 2018 Games.
Letters to the IPC
15 National Paralympic Committees and the International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation signed a letter to support the National Paralympic Committee of Russia in August 2017. The countries included Armenia, Belarus, Bulgaria, Vietnam, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Laos, Moldova, Mongolia, Serbia, Tajikistan, Montenegro, and South Korea. They asked the IPC to let Russia compete at the 2018 Winter Paralympics. The letter was signed weeks before the IPC Governing Board met in Abu Dhabi.
IPC response
In September 2017, this decision was reviewed and upheld. The International Paralympic Committee (IPC) still had concerns about doping in Russian sport. All the conditions the IPC required of the Russians were not met.
Hockey
Kazakhstan did not join sledge hockey in 2018. The country is preparing for the future. They want to compete in sledge hockey in the future. Kazakhstan created a program in early 2018. Toyota became a sponsor in October 2017.
Para-Nordic skiing
Two years before the start of the Games, Kazakhstan wanted to win medals in South Korea. They started on two years of planning and training to do this. The team spent nearly a year training in Germany before the hosted Games. They used snow tunnels during the summer months. This allowed them to train in winter conditions all year. During the summer, they also trained using bicycles. Because of sponsorship, many team members got new prostheses while in Germany. Kolyadin said of his new prosthetic, "They created a new prosthesis. When I got it, I tried it. Now I am accustomed to using it. I think I will win by using it in the race. It takes time to learn new technology. But there is 100% control - I like it." The team went to Russia for World Cup events. They did more training in Russia. They also went to a competition in Finland. The team returned to Almaty three weeks before the Games started. This was so they could do additional training.
The national team had about fifteen people. Only seven are going to South Korea. Their average age is from about 27 years old to 40 years old.
Neustadt bei Coburg
Neustadt bei Coburg is a German city in the North of Franconia. It has an population of about 17,000. It is near Coburg. Its mayor is Frank Rebhan (SPD).
Traffic
Next important traffic routes are in Coburg.
Jeremy Zuckerman
Jeremy Zuckerman is an American composer and musician. He has studied at Berklee College of Music, Boston, and California Institute of the Arts. He is mostly known for composing the score of Avatar: The Last Airbender. He has also collaborated with David Lee Roth.
Cecilia
Cecilia is a female name. Cecilia may also refer to:
Anahim Volcanic Belt
The Anahim Volcanic Belt is a nearly east–west line of volcanoes stretches from the west coast of British Columbia, Canada, just north of Vancouver Island, and reaches into the Interior Plateau near Quesnel. The farther away from the coast, the younger the volcanoes tend to be. These volcanoes are thought to have formed because of the North American continent sliding westward over the Anahim hotspot. Volcanoes in this belt include the Rainbow, Ilgachuz, and Itcha Ranges, and the Nazko Cone, which last erupted about 7200 years ago.
Nazko Cone
Nazko Cone is a small volcano in central British Columbia, Canada. It is approximately 75 km west of the town of Quesnel. It is in the eastern part of the Anahim Volcanic Belt. The most recent eruption of Nazko Cone was 7200 years ago.
A series of small earthquakes occurred in the area of Nazko Cone beginning on October 10, 2007. Most of these earthquakes were magnitude 1.0 or less; some as strong as magnitude 3.2 were centered 25 kilometers below the surface. The cause of these earthquakes is believed to be the rising of molten magma because there are no faults or tectonic plate boundaries. The source of this magma is from the Anahim hotspot and continues to this day.
Marwari horse
Imperial history
The period of British colonial rule hastened the Marwari's fall from dominance, as did the eventual independence of India. The British preferred other breeds, and tried to eliminate the Marwari, along with the Kathiawari. Britons living in India instead preferred thoroughbreds and polo ponies, and reduced the reputation of the Marwari to the point where even the inward-turning ears of the breed were mocked as the "mark of a native horse".
Uses
The Marwari horse is a riding horse; it may also be used for shows, horse safaris, sport, ceremonial & religious purposes, and during earlier days in war. Within the Marwari horse breed was a strain known as the Natchni, believed by local people to be "born to dance". Decorated in silver, jewels, and bells, these horses were trained to perform complex prancing and leaping movements at many ceremonies, including weddings. Although the Natchni strain is extinct today, horses trained in those skills are still in demand in rural India.
Ford Mustang
The Ford Mustang is a very popular American sports car built by the Ford Motor Company beginning in 1964. The first cars were built in Ford's Dearborn, Michigan factory on March 9 of that year and the car was first shown to the public on April 17 at the New York World's Fair. It did not cost a lot of money, but it was still very fancy and looked like a much more expensive car. People could order their Mustang with many options and body styles, such as a convertible, 2+2 (fastback), or coupe. Many different engines were available, from the 170 CID six-cylinder to some of Ford's biggest and most powerful V-8 engines in later years. This meant car buyers could have a Mustang that saved gas or a more powerful and fast car. More than one million Mustangs were sold in only two years. The Mustang is still being sold today and is still very popular. It was so popular and so different when it was introduced that the Mustang and other cars from other makers which looked like the Mustang were given the name "ponycar."
The so-called "1964 1/2" Mustang was designed by Joe Oros and Dave Ash of Ford's Mercury division, was based on another Ford car, the Falcon and was proposed by Ford's president, Lee Iacocca. The Falcon was not expensive to build and that helped Iacocca get the Mustang the approval it needed to be built. The people who ran the Ford company did not want to take a chance on a car like that because they lost a lot of money on another car, the Edsel, just a few years back. It set sales records and became one of the best selling cars of all time. It would remain mostly the same until 1966. So popular was the Mustang that three Ford assembly plants worked to build it. Not only was the Mustang built in Dearborn, but in Metuchen, New Jersey and San Jose, California as well.
Apulanta
Apulanta is a rock band from Finland. It was started in 1991.
Ford Mustang
The very first Mustang built to be sold to the public was a white convertible with a black interior and a V-8 engine. It was purchased by a pilot from Newfoundland. Ford offered the one millionth Mustang to the owner in exchange for the first one. That first Mustang, serial number 5F08F100001, is still on display at the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn.
Its second bodystyle came out in 1967, its third in 1969 and its fourth in 1971. Bigger, more powerful engines were offered starting in 1967, making some Mustangs into musclecars. Some of those special Mustangs had special names such as Mustang GT, Mach 1, Boss 302, Boss 351, Boss 429 and 429 SCJ, or "Super Cobra Jet." By 1971, the Mustang had become a much larger car. The car grew in size so that Ford could put its biggest engines in it, but insurance companies were charging very high prices to insure powerful cars and sales began to drop. Many people missed the original, smaller Mustang.