cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Mirage
A mirage is an image that is distorted by the atmosphere so that its form and location can look very different from the actual object. It is caused by the way light bends as it passes through layers of air of different temperatures.
Cause
Normally, light travels in a straight line, but it will change direction depending on what it passes through. This bending is called "refraction." Gases, such as air, become thinner as they get warmer. As a result, light tends to curve (or refract) towards the colder layer of air. This makes the image appear to come from a different direction than the original object.
There are two basic types of mirage, depending on which direction the temperature changes, inferior and superior.
Inferior
An inferior mirage is arguably the most common type seen over land. In daytime, air near solid ground is typically warmer than the air above it. When light from the sky passes through it, a shimmering, fragmented image of the sky may appear to come from the ground, resembling water.
Superior
Sometimes a mirage can appear to come from higher up than the original object. When the colder air is lower (called an inversion layer), as it often is over large bodies of water or ice, the apparent direction of the mirage will be opposite that of an inferior mirage. For example, the distorted image of a ship or an island may appear on or above the surface, even if the original object is hidden below the horizon.
A "Fata Morgana" is a complex superior mirage whose appearance can change quickly and dramatically. Its name refers to Morgan le Fay, a mythical enchantress strongly associated with Arthurian legends. In times past, the disturbing images seen as part of the mirage were attributed to illusions created by magic.
Insei
Insei (院政), also known as "cloistered rule," is an ancient Japanese term which means a special form of Imperial government.
In the Insei system, the monarch abdicated or retired and a new emperor was named; however, the old emperor held on to significant power and influence in the court and in the nation. The emperors who withdrew from public life did not give up any of their many powers. In practice, the retired emperor only gave up the time-consuming burden of his ceremonial roles and formal duties.
There were emperors who abdicated before and after the Heian period; however, the term Insei is most often used to mean the kind of Imperial system put in place by Emperor Shirakawa in 1086. This system was very important in the years before the rise of the Kamakura shogunate in 1192.
Heian period
The succession of power in the Insei system was complex.
Edo period
The last retired emperor with an Insei title was Emperor Reigen in the Edo period.
Fellen
Fellen is a community in Main-Spessart in the Regierungsbezirk of Lower Franconia (Unterfranken) in Bavaria, Germany and a member of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft (Administrative Community) of Burgsinn.
Location
Fellen is in the Mittelgebirge Spessart, in the Würzburg Region.
Subdivisions
The community has the following Gemarkungen (traditional rural cadastral areas): Fellen, Rengersbrunn, Wohnrod and Neuhof.
ALPHA Collaboration
The ALPHA Collaboration is a group of physicists from about 11 universities who work together (or "collaborate") to try to trap neutral antimatter. The neutral antimatter they are working to trap is antihydrogen. This is the antimatter version of hydrogen, the first atom in the periodic table. Antihydrogen, like hydrogen, has two oppositely charged particles. Hydrogen has a proton and an electron, and so antihydrogen would have an antiproton and a positron. A positron is the common name for the antielectron.
CERN
The ALPHA collaboration has its experiment at CERN in Geneva in Switzerland. CERN is the only place in the world that can provide "slow" antiprotons that can be easily captured by ALPHA. ALPHA then brings these antiprotons into contact with positrons and form antihydrogen.
Antihydrogen has, like many atoms and especially hydrogen, a small magnetic dipole moment. A dipole moment is another way of saying that the atom behaves a bit as if it was a tiny magnet with a north and a south pole. Normally such small magnets are attracted to other magnets. However, some atoms in some states behave such that they are repelled by magnetic fields. This means that the atoms could possibly be trapped in space by making a minimum of the magnetic field. ALPHA is trying to do just that with antihydrogen. By a clever arrangement of magnets, ALPHA has a so-called magnetic minimum trap, in which antihydrogen may be trapped.
This is a difficult process. The magnetic forces on these atoms are quite weak, so the trap can only contain antihydrogen atoms of very low motional (kinetic) energy, that is at very low temperature. The current state-of-the-art ALPHA trap can contain antihydrogen atoms in their ground state if they are colder than about 0.5 Kelvin (i.e. 0.5 degrees above absolute zero). ALPHA is currently working on making such cold antihydrogen.
Antiproton Decelerator
Roman à clef
Roman à clef (said like it rhymes with "a don a day") means "novel with a key" in French. It is a phrase used for talking about literature and movies. A roman à clef is a type of story that's true for the most part except for details like the name of the main character. The "key" part of the meaning–what someone needs to unlock the real story–changes from book to book. For some books it is knowing that the main character is really a famous person. For others it is knowing that the main character is really the author.
Authors usually write these types of stories (instead of telling the whole truth) to talk about a controversy or what happened during a crime so that the people involved can't sue them. A couple of movies that are written like this are Citizen Kane (a movie about a man a lot like William Randolph Hearst) and Dreamgirls (a movie about a Motown group a lot like The Supremes).
Because it comes from French, the plural of roman à clef is romans à clef.
Osechi
Osechi is Japanese food made to celebrate the coming of the New Year, called Shogatsu. It is one of the most important annual events in Japan. Osechi food is packed in colorful lacquer boxes called jubako. Each dish and ingredient in osechi has a meaning, such as good health, fertility, good harvest, happiness, long life, and so on. The kind of osechi foods eaten in Japanese homes varies from area to area. It is a Japanese tradition to eat osechi dishes during the New Year's holidays which go from January 1 to January 3.
Stories
One year there was not much food. People did not have enough rice to cook in their rice cooker. Emperor Nintoku knew about this and it worried him a lot. He said that he would lower the taxes in years when people did not have enough rice for New Years Day. After that the taxes were lowered but the House of Emperor Nintoku became poor. Japanese people celebrated this custom on New Years Day. Osechi-ryori is a dish that is cooked before New Year's Eve to eat on New Years Day.
Bill McDonagh
Joseph William James McDonagh (April 30, 1928 – August 17, 2019) was a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger. He played four games in the National Hockey League with the New York Rangers in the 1949–50 season.
Osechi
Stories
On New Years Day, the God of the Year, named Toshigami comes to the world and the world starts a new year. The god came through a special gate, a Kadomatsu, into our world. He is god of agriculture. In Japan when agriculture was the main activity of life, people welcomed Toshigami and hoped for a rich harvest. A special decoration, a shimekazari was put up to welcome the god. Another decoration, a wakazari, was put up to make sure that nothing would go wrong during the next year. Osechi is a meal to give to Toshigami. In Japan people gave the first part of the crop to god. The rest of the celebration was a feast, called naorai.
Fingerspelling
Fingerspelling is making an alphabet with your hands. Many deaf people learn fingerspelling. They use it when they want to sign a word but there is no sign in the sign language, or when they don't understand what the sign means. Other people also use fingerspelling to talk in secret, to help remember something, or to talk without making sound (for example in a church).
Bill McDonagh
McDonagh was born in Rouyn, Quebec, but grew up in Ansonville, Ontario. He died on August 17, 2019 in Toronto at the age of 91.
Osechi
History
The beginning of osechi starts in the Yayoi period. This went from 1000 BC to 300 AD. People at that time were starting to grow rice. As part of a harvest festival, called Sekku, people made food gifts to please the gods. Sekku foods are eaten to thank the gods for the blessing of nature, a good harvest and big catch. This is the beginning of osechi. This idea came from China.
Fingerspelling
Fingerspelling is a part of some sign languages. Writing systems are not the same everywhere, and fingerspelling is also different. Different countries have different ways of fingerspelling. Some alphabets use one hand, some use two hands.
Osechi
History
In the Heian period, from 710 to 1185, this event became more common in Japan as the influence of China became more important. There were five seasonal festival days or sekku, January 7 (Jinjitsu or Nanakusa no sekku), March 3 (Joshi or Momo no sekku), 5 May (Tango or Shobu no sekku), 7 July (Tanabata no sekku) and 9 September (Choyo or Kiku no sekku). An offering table was set up for the gods. The foods offered to the gods were dry foods, not processed for people to eat. Modern osechi comes from the Edo period (1603—1867). These days many Japanese people buy their osechi in shops instead of making it at home.
Types of osechi
There are many different osechi foods, and each has a special meaning. The shape, the color, and the name of each food has a meaning which might bring good luck, happiness or long life. One type of osechi is made from black soybean and herring roe. Black is a color which brings youth and long life. The name of the black soybean means that people can live a long life without sickness. Herring roe symbolizes the prosperity of descendants, because there is a lot of roe in each piece.
Chestnuts are rolled into an omelet mixed with fish paste and steamed fish paste Chestnut means a mass of gold and it represents the wish that people get ahead in business and become rich person. A rolled mixed with fish paste mean the culture and diligence because it is a symbol or a scroll from the meaning of dressing up. And red steamed fish paste means removing evil and white means a pure mind. Kelp is a symbol of congratulation and longevity and is auspicious food endowed happiness.
Tim Means (environmentalist)
Timothy "Timoteo" Irwin Means Heinemann (March 18, 1944 – August 13, 2019) was an American-Mexican ecotourism and environmentalist. He was born in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania. He was known for his works for the protection and preservation of the Baja California peninsula and its wildlife. He played an important role in the Federal government of Mexico's designation of Isla Espíritu Santo as an area of ecological and national protected area in 1994. His works were acknowledged by the UNESCO.
Means died in San Diego, California on August 13, 2019 from problems caused by diabetes, aged 75.
Christopher Cross
Christopher Cross (born Christopher Charles Geppert; May 3, 1951) is an American singer-songwriter and musician. He was born in San Antonio, Texas.
Cross won five Grammy Awards for his debut album released in 1979. His best known singles are "Sailing" (1980), and "Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do)" (from the 1981 movie Arthur) peaked at number one on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100.
"Sailing" earned three Grammys in 1981, while "Arthur's Theme" won the Oscar for Best Original Song in 1981 (with co-composers Burt Bacharach, Carole Bayer Sager, and Peter Allen).
In April 2020, Cross was diagnosed with COVID-19.
Egon Zimmermann
Zimmermann died on 23 August 2019 in Lech, Austria from problems caused by multiple sclerosis, aged 80.
Lucinda Williams
Lucinda Williams (born January 26, 1953) is an American singer-songwriter. She recorded her first studio albums during 1978 and 1980. They had traditional country music and blues music style. The albums got little attention from radio, the media and the public.
In 1988, Williams put out her self-titled album. It was named after her. The album had the song "Passionate Kisses". Williams won a Grammy Award for the Best Country Song in 1994.
Williams recorded and put out only one other album, Sweet Old World in late 1992. But in 1998, success came when she put out an album that had a broader scope of songs that blended rock, country, Americana and blues. Off the album, the song "Can't Let Go" was nominated for a Grammy. It is Williams' most successful song so far. The album was marked Gold under the RIAA.
Williams, in 2001, recorded and released the album Essence. It was also successful. One of the album's songs, "Get Right with God", earned Williams a Grammy for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance in 2002.
Reptilian (1999 movie)
Reptilian or Yonggary 2001 is a 1999/2001 South Korean-American action-horror comedy science fiction adventure monster film directed by Shim Hyung-rae. loosely based on the original character of the same name, in the 1967 film as a self-remake called Reptilian. featuring of the actors including, Harrison Young, Donna Philipson, Richard Livingston, Dan Cashman. this version was distributed by Columbia Tristar Home Video in 2001.
Plot
in 2000, an giant skeleton fossil unknown creature dinosaur-type called Yongary, an alien resurrected the giant creature by a beam onto the sky and regenerated his body and alive, run through the dig site when, Campbell squashed by Yongary his feet, escaped. Yongary smelling Hughes, Holly then surrounded by Apache helicopters to shoot the creature. then Yongary destroys the bridge, goes on a rampage attack Los Angeles. Air Force jets to aim Yongary out the streets. then the US Army to bombing the creature in a city, then teleported away. the Special Forces to gunfight at the creature, escaped. then the soldiers to aiming the diamond to force away by O'Neil hitting himself as a once-self. immediately the jet fighters to resumed aiming again to the giant buildings, sometimes Yongary grabbing was saving these people. then activating the Cykor monster launches an fireball down the city. Yongary to brawl Cykor with his body including tentacle-like roots to attack. then Yongary spitting fireball aiming at Cykor's body to explodes. later day, Yongary tied by helicopters to transport was taken from an deserted island.
Home media
The 2001 version was released on DVD by Columbia Tristar Home Video on August 21, 2001 as Reptilian. then Blu-Ray to remastered the film until 2022.
Ancestral Puebloans
The Ancestral Puebloans were an ancient Native American civilization. They lived in what is today the southwestern United States. Their settlements were in what are now Colorado, Utah, Arizona and New Mexico. They were called the Anasazi by the Navajos.
Their culture ceased in the 15th century AD. The civilization left remains of some large and important places. Two of these have been classified as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Remains found by archaeologists show knowledge of pottery, weaving and irrigation. They also drew symbols.
Chojnów
Chojnów is small city in Poland. As of the year 2000, 14,900 people live in the city. The city is on the river Skora. The city belongs to the county Legnica. It is in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship. The average height of the city is 170 meters above sea level.
Chojnów is first mentioned in a note dated 1272 as a Haynow settlement. In 1288 it's called city (civitas) in documents of Prince of Legnica Henryk V Gruby. In 1333 in gained the status of a city (civitas).
Activities and events
Every year in first days of June, Days of Chojnów (Dni Chojnowa) are celebrated. The Whole-Poland bike race Masters has been organized in Chojnów once a year for the past few years.
Chojnów is an industrial and agricultural city. Among products produced in Chojnów are: paperware, agricultural machinery, chains, metal furniture for hospitals, equipment for the meat industry, beer, wine, leather clothing, clothing for infants, children and adults.
Sites
The most interesting monuments of Chojnów are prince of Legnica's castle from the 13th century (currently used as a museum), two old churches, Baszta Tkaczy (Weavers' Tower) and preserved fragments of city walls.
The biggest green area in Chojnów is small forest Park Piastowski (Piast's Park), named after Piast dynasty as part of Communist anti-German propaganda.
Wild animals that live around Chojnów are roe-deers, foxes, rabbits and wild domestic animals, especially cats.
Wisdom teeth
Wisdom teeth are a set of four teeth, farthest back in a person's mouth. Most people get them late in their teenage years or in their early twenties. Many people have to have surgery to get rid of them because they often grow in a crooked way, or because there is no room for them.
Claude Akins
Claude Marion Akins was an American actor (born May 25, 1926, in Nelson, Georgia - died January 27, 1994, in Altadena, California). With his big body and deep voice, Akins usually played the clever (or less than clever) tough guy, on the side of good or bad, in movies and television. He is famous as Sheriff Lobo in the 1970s TV series B.J. and the Bear, and later The Misadventures of Sheriff Lobo, a spinoff series.
Zhongnanhai
Zhongnanhai is in the Imperial City which is inside Beijing.
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Jake Tapper
Jacob Paul Tapper (born March 12, 1969) is an American journalist, author, and cartoonist. He is the Chief Washington Correspondent for CNN. He hosts the weekday television news show The Lead with Jake Tapper and the Sunday morning affairs program State of the Union.
Tapper worked on the coverage of the inauguration of President Obama that earned an Emmy Award for Outstanding Live Coverage of a Current News Story. Tapper was part of a team that was awarded an Edward R. Murrow award for Video: Breaking News for "Target bin Laden: The Death of Public Enemy #1".
His book The Outpost: An Untold Story of American Valor debuted at number 10 in November 2012 on The New York Times Bestseller list for hardback non-fiction.
Kirstie Alley
Kirstie Louise Alley (January 12, 1951 – December 5, 2022) was an American actress. She was famous for her role in the TV show Cheers, where she played Rebecca Howe from 1987 to 1993. She won an Emmy as the Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series for 1991. A year later, she won a Golden Globe for her acting in Cheers as well. She also won an Emmy in 1994 for her role in the TV drama show David's Mother.
Other roles that have been well-liked by the public and the critics that Alley is known for include: playing Diane Barrows in It Takes Two and a single mother in Look Who's Talking, Look Who's Talking Too, and Look Who's Talking Now (all co-starring John Travolta). Alley has won two People's Choice Awards in the years 1991 and 1998.
Alley was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 7000 Hollywood Boulevard.
Algorithm
An algorithm is a set of instructions for solving logical and mathematical problems, or for accomplishing some other task.
Kirstie Alley
Personal life
From 1971 until 1977 Kirstie was married to Robert Alley. They began dating in high school and were distant cousins.
From 1983 until 1997 she was married to Parker Stevenson. They had two children, son William True Stevenson (born September 28, 1992) and daughter Lillie Price Stevenson (born June 15, 1994). William and Lillie were adopted.
Algorithm
A recipe is a good example of an algorithm because it says what must be done, step by step. It takes inputs (ingredients) and produces an output (the completed dish).
Kirstie Alley
Personal life
Alley was raised Methodist but was more recently a member of the Church of Scientology. In 2007, Alley gave $5 million to the Church of Scientology.
Algorithm
The words 'algorithm' and 'algorism' come from the name of a Persian mathematician called Al-Khwārizmī (Persian: خوارزمی, c. 780–850).
Informally, an algorithm can be called a "list of steps". Algorithms can be written in ordinary language, and that may be all a person needs.
Kirstie Alley
Death
After a battle with cancer, Alley died on December 5, 2022 at age 71.
Algorithm
In computing, an algorithm is a precise list of operations that could be done by a Turing machine. For the purpose of computing, algorithms are written in pseudocode, flow charts, or programming languages.
Comparing algorithms
There is usually more than one way to solve a problem. There may be many different recipes to make a certain dish which looks different but ends up tasting the same when all is said and done. The same is true for algorithms. However, some of these ways will be better than others. If a recipe needs lots of complicated ingredients that you do not have, it is not as a good as a simple recipe. When we look at algorithms as a way of solving problems, often we want to know how long it would take a computer to solve the problem using a particular algorithm. When we write algorithms, we like our algorithm to take the least amount of time so that we can solve our problem as quickly as possible.
In cooking, some recipes are more difficult to do than others, because they take more time to finish or have more things to keep track of. It is the same for algorithms, and algorithms are better when they are easier for the computer to do. The thing that measures the difficulty of an algorithm is called complexity. When we ask how complex an algorithm is, often we want to know how long it will take a computer to solve the problem we want it to solve.
Sorting
This is an example of an algorithm for sorting cards with colors on them into piles of the same color:
Sorting by numbers
These are examples of algorithms for sorting a stack of cards with many different numbers, so that the numbers are in order.
Titus Salt
Sir Titus Salt, first baronet (20 September 1803 – 29 December 1876), was born in Morley near Leeds. He was a manufacturer, politician and a phillanthropist in Bradford, West Yorkshire.
Algorithm
Sorting by numbers
Players start with a stack of cards that have not been sorted.
Titus Salt
His father Daniel Salt was a dry salter and then he decided to become a farmer. His mother died when he was quite young. Titus Salt had 11 children.
Algorithm
First algorithm
This algorithm goes through the stack of cards, one card at a time. This card is compared to the next card in the stack. Please note that this position only changes in step 6. This algorithm is called bubble sort. It is slow.
Titus Salt
Career
After working as a woolen stapler for two years at a mill near Wakefield he became his fathers business partner-Daniel Salt and son. The company used Russian Donskio wool, which was widely used in the woollens trade, but not in worsted cloth. Titus visited the millers in Bradford.
Algorithm
Step-by-step example
Let us take a stack of the cards with the numbers "5 1 4 2 8", and sort it from smallest number to biggest one using this algorithm. In each step, the algorithm compares the elements written in bold. The top of the stack of cards is on the left-hand side.
First pass:
Titus Salt
Career
After working for two years as a wool-stapler in Wakefield he became his father's partner in the business of Daniel Salt and Son. He set up as a spinner and manufacturer.
Algorithm
Step-by-step example
( 5 1 4 2 8 ) \to ( 1 5 4 2 8 ) Here, the algorithm compares the first two elements, and swaps them.
Titus Salt
Career
In 1836, Titus came upon some bales of Alpaca wool in a warehouse in Liverpool and, after taking some samples away to experiment, came back and bought the consignment. Though he was not the first in England to work with the fibre, he was the creator of the lustrous and subsequently fashionable cloth called 'alpaca'. (The discovery was described by Charles Dickens in slightly fictionalised form in Household Words).
Algorithm
Step-by-step example
( 1 5 4 2 8 ) \to ( 1 4 5 2 8 )
Titus Salt
Career
In 1833 he took over his father's business and within twenty years had expanded it to be the largest employer in Bradford. In 1848 Titus Salt became mayor of Bradford. Smoke and pollution came from mills and factory chimneys. Salt tried unsuccessfully to clean up the pollution using a device called the Rodda Smoke Burner.
Algorithm
Step-by-step example
( 1 4 5 2 8 ) \to ( 1 4 2 5 8 )
Second pass:
( 1 4 2 5 8 ) \to ( 1 4 2 5 8 )
( 1 4 2 5 8 ) \to ( 1 2 4 5 8 )
( 1 2 4 5 8 ) \to ( 1 2 4 5 8 )
Now, the stack of cards is already sorted, but our algorithm does not know this. The algorithm needs one whole pass without any swap to know it is sorted.
Third pass:
Finally, the array is sorted, and the algorithm can stop.
History
This is an easy-to-understand algorithm for sorting. Computer scientists called it Bubble sort, because smaller elements will rise to the top, changing their position in each run. Unfortunately, the algorithm is not very good, because it needs a long time (many passes through the stack of cards) to sort it.
Second algorithm
This algorithm uses another idea. Sometimes solving a problem is difficult, but the problem can be changed so it is made of simpler problems that are easier to solve. This is called recursion. It is more difficult to understand than the first example, but it will give a better algorithm.
Merging two stacks together
This works with two stacks of cards. One of them is called A, the other is called B. There is a third stack that is empty at the start, called C. At the end, it will contain the result.
History
John von Neumann developed this algorithm in 1945. He did not call it Sorting by numbers, he called it Mergesort. It is a very good algorithm for sorting, compared to others.
Third algorithm
The first algorithm takes much longer to sort the cards than the second, but it can be improved (made better). Looking at bubble sort, it can be noticed that cards with high numbers move from the top of the stack quite quickly, but cards with low numbers at the bottom of the stack take a long time to rise (move to the top). To improve the first algorithm here is the idea:
History
This algorithm was developed by C. A. R. Hoare in 1960. It is one of most widely used algorithms for sorting today. It is called Quicksort.
John Caesar
John Caesar (1764 – 15 February 1796), known as Black Caesar, was the first Australian bushranger. He was also the first black person with an African background to come to Australia. He was the first bushranger to have a reward offered for his capture.
Algorithm
Putting algorithms together
If players have cards with colors and numbers on them, they can sort them by color and number if they do the "sorting by colors" algorithm, then do the "sorting by numbers" algorithm to each colored stack, then put the stacks together.
John Caesar
Early life
Caesar was most likely born in Madagascar, in about 1763. He was a slave on a sugar plantation (farm) in the West Indies. He ran away and went to London. On 17 March 1786, he was in court at Deptford, Kent for stealing 240 shillings. He was sent to the new country called Australia as a convict for seven years. He left on the Alexander, a convict transport ship in the First Fleet, in May 1787 and arrived in Botany Bay in January 1788.
Algorithm
Putting algorithms together
The sorting-by-numbers algorithms are more difficult to do than the sorting-by-colors algorithm, because they may have to do the steps again many times. One would say that sorting by numbers is more complex.
John Caesar
Convict life for Black Caesar
On 29 April 1789 he was caught stealing food. Two weeks later he escaped into the bush, taking food, an iron cooking pot, and a musket (gun) taken from a sea army officer (Marine) named Abraham Hand. He could not catch enough animals to eat, and he began to steal food from the settlement. On 26 May he stole food from a brick making gang at Brickfield Hill and was nearly caught. On June 6 he tried to steal food from Zachariah Clark, who was the assistant in charge of the new colony's food supplies. Caesar was caught by a convict named William Saltmarsh. In July 1789, David Collins, the colony's Judge-Advocate, said that John Caesar was the hardest working convict in the new colony. He said that he was a large man with a lot of muscles, but he was always hungry. He would eat food meant to last two days in one meal, and would then need to steal more food from others. All his thefts were about getting more food.
Escape
Caesar soon escaped again; on 22 December used a canoe to get off the island, taking a week's worth of food. He stole a musket, and lived by taking food from gardens and taking the food of Aboriginals after scaring them away with his gun. After he lost the gun at Rose Hill, and was attacked by the Aborigines, leaving him wounded in several places. He gave himself up on the 31 December to an officer at Rose Hill.
On 6 March 1790, Caesar was sent to Norfolk Island. There he had one daughter, later named Mary Ann Fisher Power, to Ann (e) Power. He was taken back to Sydney in 1793, and began stealing from the farms and huts again. He was caught and then flogged (hit 500 times with a whip). This did not make any difference; Caesar said that "all that would not make him better."
Bushranger
In 1795 Black Caesar ran away for the last time, and formed a gang of runaways. On 29 January 1796, a reward of five gallons of rum was offered by Governor John Hunter for his capture. Every day there were reports of missing things, but he was able to avoid being captured until 15 February. A man named Wimbow, who had been searching for days, found him in an area of thick bush called Liberty Plains and shot him. He died soon after.
Seo Tai-ji
Seo Tai-ji (b. February 21, 1972 ) is a South Korean singer. He was a member of the group Seo Tai Ji and Boys. The songs and performances of this group were very good at that time. However, Seo Tai Ji and Boys broke up. This many fans. After a few years, Seo Tai Ji released a new solo album. He introduced many new forms of music to South Korea after his comeback.
Until even now Seo Tai Ji has a large effect on the singers and other people in South Korea. Fans of Seo Tai Ji call him Daejang which is the word for "captain" in Korean. He is also called the ‘President of Culture.’
Staffordshire
Staffordshire (abbreviated Staffs) is a county in the West Midlands region of England. The county town is Stafford. Part of the National Forest is there. It is next to the counties of Cheshire, Derbyshire, Leicestershire, Warwickshire, West Midlands, Worcestershire and Shropshire.
The largest city in ceremonial Staffordshire is Stoke-on-Trent.
Owl (sculpture)
Owl is a sculpture eight metres tall, designed by Bruce Armstrong. Its full name is The Big Powerful Owl. It is in Canberra, Australia.
Owl was built in 2011, and is one of the 150 megasculptures of Australia.
Criticism
The statue has also been prone to graffiti and the ACT government had to spend $3000 on removing the graffiti.
Thanksgiving
Thanksgiving is a holiday in the United States and Canada when people give thanks. In the United States, it is on the fourth Thursday of November. In Canada, it is on the second Monday of October.
Fabriciano Sigampa
Fabriciano Sigampa (15 September 1936 – 31 March 2021) was an Argentine Roman Catholic archbishop. He was born in Vichigasta, Argentina.
Thanksgiving
In 1863, Abraham Lincoln said the last Thursday of November would be a national Day of Thanksgiving for the United States. American immigrants brought the customs and practices of the American Thanksgiving to Canada, beginning on April 5, 1872. The United States Congress permanently made the fourth Thursday of each November as a national holiday in the year 1941. In 1957, Canada made the second Monday of each October a national holiday. Thanksgiving was first celebrated to give thanks for the harvest.
Fabriciano Sigampa
Sigampa was ordained to the priesthood in 1970. He was bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Reconquista, Argentina from 1985 to 1993 and was bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of La Rioja, Argentina from 1993 to 2006. He was archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Resistencia, Argentina, from 2006 to 2013.
Thanksgiving
The event that Americans commonly call the "First Thanksgiving" was celebrated by the Pilgrims after their first feast in the New World in October 1621. This feast lasted three days. Edward Winslow, who was there, said that 90 Native Americans and 53 Pilgrims were there. More people in the United States celebrate Thanksgiving than Christmas and New Year. Americans eat 46 million turkeys or more each Thanksgiving.
Alexis Jordan
Alexis Jordan (born April 7, 1992) is an American singer and actress. Jordan was born in Columbia, South Carolina, as the last child of a mixed race mother and a Puerto Rican father. Her musical career started when she performed the opening act for American singer Smokey Robinson at a Stevie Wonder tribute concert. In 2006, she auditioned for the first season of America's Got Talent and sang Whitney Houston's "I Have Nothing". She was later eliminated from the show and moved to Atlanta, Georgia, with her family. Jordan uploaded videos of her cover versions on her official YouTube account. She was discovered by Stargate, which flew Jordan to New York to record a few songs. She met American rapper Jay-Z and signed a recording contract with his new record company, StarRoc/Roc Nation.
In September 2010, Jordan released "Happiness", which peaked at number one on the US Hot Dance Club Songs. It was her first number-one single. "Happiness" was certified triple platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) for shipments of 210,000 copies. Jordan released her debut album Alexis Jordan a few months later. Around this time, Jordan was appearing in two television series. She was nominated for "Best International Act" and "Best Push Act" and won "International Hit of the Year" for her single "Happiness".
1995–2008: Early life and career beginnings
Alexis Jordan was born in Columbia, South Carolina, on April 7, 1992. Jordan was born as the last child, she also has three older siblings. Her mother is of African American, Native American, and European descent, while her father is Puerto Rican. Jordan began writing songs when she was in third grade. When she was eleven years old, her family moved to Santa Clarita, California, so she could have a career in the arts. The following year, Jordan was the opening act for Smokey Robinson at a Stevie Wonder tribute concert.
In 2006, Jordan auditioned for the first season of America's Got Talent. At the auditions, she sang Whitney Houston's "I Have Nothing" as a cover version. Jordan made it to the next round, but was eliminated from the show during the semi-finals. Jordan and her family then moved to Atlanta, Georgia, to be closer to the music industry. Jordan began uploading cover versions on her official YouTube account, and submitted demos to record companies across the nation. By 2008, Jordan's YouTube page had reached a million views. After seeing her uploaded videos, Stargate asked Jordan to record a few songs with them. They flew Jordan to New York. While Jordan was in the recording studio, rapper Jay-Z entered. After they talked, Jordan became the first artist to be signed with Sony Music label StarRoc/Roc Nation, which is owned by Jay-Z.
Forestle
Forestle was a search engine, or website for finding all kinds of information on the internet. Forestle gave money to save the rain forest and reduce the total carbon dioxide (CO2) production. It also offered special features, for example a preview of the websites found during a search. It was invented in 2008.
Alexis Jordan
2010–present: Alexis Jordan and second album
After Jordan signed a record deal with Jay-Z's record studio, she released her debut single "Happiness" in September 2010. "Happiness" peaked at number one on the US Hot Dance Club Songs chart, becoming Jordan's first number-one single. The song also peaked at number one in Norway and the Netherlands. It peaked at number three in Australia and the United Kingdom. The single was certified triple platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), for shipments of 210,000 copies. "Good Girl" was Jordan's second single, released in February 2011. It debuted at number six on the UK Singles Chart, giving Jordan her second top-ten hit in the United Kingdom. "Good Girl" peaked at number 15 in Ireland, and later became her second chart-topper on Billboard's Hot Dance Club Songs in April 2011. Jordan released her self-titled debut album Alexis Jordan on February 25, 2011. The album debuted at number nine on the UK Albums Chart, and number 11 on the Australian Albums Charts.
Forestle
Forestle was discontinued and redirected to a similar search engine Ecosia on January 1, 2011.
Alexis Jordan
2010–present: Alexis Jordan and second album
Jordan's third single, "Hush Hush", was released on May 8, 2011. Jordan became a supporting act for English group JLS' tour in the United Kingdom for a month. She also appeared on T4 on the Beach in the United Kingdom, where she performed "Hush Hush" and "Good Girl" from her first album. Jordan recorded a duet with reggae singer Sean Paul for his single "Got 2 Luv U", which peaked at number one in Switzerland and Bulgaria. The editor of Take40 called Jordan one of the current "hottest artists", behind Britney Spears and Avril Lavigne.
Forestle
Helping the environment
Forestle saved 0.1 square meters (about 0.1 square yards) of rain forest per search. It earned money from showing advertisements along with the websites found, and Forestle guarantees to donate 90% of this money to buy areas of rain forest through its partner organization The Nature Conservancy. As of October 2009, about 1,991,055 square meters of rain forest have been saved.
For searching the web using Forestle was also essentially CO2-neutral: Of course the server computers used by Forestle, the connection network, and the computer of the searching users need electric energy and thus create emissions of carbon-dioxide; but Forestle purchased an equivalent amount of renewable energy certificates. The certificates are purchased from a part of the 10% of money left after buying rain forest. This makes Forestle one of the few web search sites that are "green certified".
Alexis Jordan
2010–present: Alexis Jordan and second album
Jordan was one of many headliners for the Boston Pride Parade in June 2012. The parade is an annual event held in Boston, Massachusetts for LGBT people. Jordan told the Daily Record that she is working on her second album. She stated that "It is a big departure from what I have done."
Forestle
Helping the environment
The number of search requests on Forestle.org grew significantly: There were 4000 search requests per day on average in December 2008, about 10000 per day in January 2009 and as of March 6, 2009 there were more than 20000 requests per day.
How large the effects of using such a 'green' search method actually are is discussed.
Special properties
Forestle offered a website preview that showed small versions of the websites found in each search. The search page offered by Forestle was very simple and only contains a window to type in words to be searched for, the search results, and a few links to check related services (for example Google Maps) as well as explanations about how Forestle works. Forestle meanwhile also provided several browser plugins, could be added to iGoogle and could be used in English and German (full versions) as well as in Spanish and Dutch (details partially in English).
Forestle search engine partners
Forestle used the search services of Google until Google forbid them to do that after four days of service; the reasons was that Google and Forestle had a fight: it was not clear whether Forestle broke the terms of service fixed in the contract between them. Forestle.org states that Google did not actually give reasons for stopping their service. The action by Google to not support Forestle any more immediately drew international attention.<ref name=immediateattentionInquirer> Details about the conflict between Google and Forestle are debated. Forestle then became associated with Yahoo.
Pulgasari
Pulgasari (불가사리 Bulgasari) is a 1985 Korean fantasy action tokusatsu kaiju movie produced by Korean Film Export released in North Korean, June 12, 1985 and United States released a home video in ADV Films, 2001.
Aurensan, Gers
Aurensan is a commune in the Gers department. It is in southwestern France.
Don Adams
Don Adams (April 13, 1923 – September 25, 2005), born Donald James Yarmy, was an American actor, comedian and director. He was best known for his role as Maxwell Smart (Agent 86) in the TV situation comedy Get Smart (1965–1970, 1995), for which he also directed and wrote. Adams won three consecutive Emmy Awards for his role (1967–1969). He was also famous for voicing the cartoon characters Tennessee Tuxedo and Inspector Gadget.
Saint-Gingolph, Haute-Savoie
Saint-Gingolph is a commune. It is in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in the Haute-Savoie department in southeastern France. In 2018, 863 people lived there.
Futon
Futons are traditional Japanese bedding. A futon is a padded mattress, called a shikibuton, a quilt, called a kakebuton, and a pillow filled with beans, called a makura. The futon was put on the floor at night for sleeping. They could be easily rolled up during the day when they were not needed. The word futon has come to mean a lot more than this. Although many Japanese people sleep in a bed, they say "I sleep on futon"; it means to go to bed. Futon now means things that Japanese people sleep on, including beds.
Types of futon
Many companies make futons, and there are many kinds of futons. Futons are made from chemical fibers like polyester, natural fibers like cotton, feather, down and wool. Japanese quilts usually contain feathers and Japanese mattress usually contain wool.
The Japanese quilt can keep in heat and moisture, depending on what it is made from. Usually, a futon that includes over 50% hemp or cotton is called a Menfuton. This is popular all over the world. Futons made from down are called quilt down. This retains heat, so this is a high-class futon. Futons made from feathers are called comforters. This is cheap and is common around the world. Futons made from chemical fibers are called chemical fiber futons. This is cheap so this is popular. Futons made from wool are called Yomo futon. These are warm.
Futons are generally used with a futon cover, because these make it easy to keep the futon clean. People generally use futons so they can sleep comfortably, stay warm and support their bodies while asleep. People usually sweat during sleep, so futons absorb sweat and collect moisture. Futons have to be hung out in sunlight to keep them dry, this is called futon-hoshi. If this is not done, mites and mold could grow on the futon and it will become dirty and unsanitary. Futons need to be looked after properly.
History
In the 14th century, most people slept on straw mats, but the nobles slept on tatami. These were not as soft as futons are now. It was said that they were hard and uncomfortable. For a very long time, people covered themselves with their clothes to keep warm. Most people slept nude. Rich people never did such things.
In the 17th century, bedclothes were made. People made it by stuffing cloth with cotton and wool. These bedclothes are the original form of the futon.
In the 18th century, futon production started (because there was more domestic cotton available ). At that time, futons were too expensive to buy for average people. They could cost 1,200,000 yen. Futons were important gifts and many men gave them to women in order to seduce them. Prostitutes were sometimes presented with futons by rich men. Prostitutes could be ranked by counting the futons; the higher ranks of prostitutes received more futons.
In those days, futon meant a mattress, not a quilt. For a quilt, people commonly used yogi (よぎ, literally "nightclothes"). Yogis are kimono-shaped bedclothes. In the Kansai area, they used a square thing like a blanket, a fusuma. The quilt is said to have evolved long before it.
In the 19th century, most people were able to buy futons. The import of the raw cotton began, and many factories were built. Because of industrial development, making futons was easier and more efficient than before. This made the price become down and people were able to afford them.
Modern futons
Some new futons today are inflatable. People use pillows on futons now.
Dextromethorphan
Dextromethorphan (DXM or DM) is a drug. It is used to prevent coughs in many over-the-counter cold and cough medicines. Dextromethorphan can also be used for pain relief or for psychological conditions. It is sold in syrup, tablet, and lozenge forms, manufactured under several different brand names and generic labels. In its pure form, dextromethorphan is a white powder.
Aussos
Aussos is a commune in the Gers department. It is in southwestern France.
Diamond
A diamond (from the ancient Greek αδάμας – adámas "unbreakable") is a re-arrangement of carbon atoms (those are called allotropes).
Cyworld
Cyworld is a social networking service created by SK communications. The name can be interpreted in two ways. The first meaning is simply short for "cyber world" and the second meaning is "사이(Korean word for relationship) world." In Cyworld, making the raltionship as friends is called "being 1chon". 1chon means very very close relative like family in Korea.
Diamond
Diamonds have the highest hardness of any bulk (all one type) material. Because of this, many important industries use diamonds as tools for cutting and polishing things. Many of them are clear, but some of them have colors, like yellow, red, blue, green and pink. Diamonds of a different color are called "fancies".
Cyworld
The users can easily update pictures, videos clips, and blogs and share them with other users through what is called "minihompy." It is similar to that of Facebook or Myspace in U.S.
Diamond
Big diamonds are very rare, and are worth a lot of money. Only 20% of diamonds are fit for jewellery. The other 80% are of lower quality. Those lower quality diamonds are called industrial diamonds, and are used to make things like drill bits and diamond saws. Even if a diamond is not of gem quality, it still has a value because It is very hard.
Cut and faceted diamonds can be attractive hence their use in jewellery. Diamonds are very effective electrical insulators, but also very good conductors of heat. On Mohs scale of mineral hardness, diamonds are scored as 10 (the highest score possible).
Cyworld
The statistics shows that there are about 22,000,000 users in South Korea, which is about the half of the population of South Korea. Although it is mainly used by Koreans, the SK communications has expanded the cyworld services into other countries, such as China, Japan, Vietnam, and U.S.A starting on 2005.