cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Meishi Street
Meishi Street, directed by Ou Ning, is a 2006 independent Chinese documentary that shows ordinary citizens taking a stand against the planned destruction of their homes for the 2008 Beijing Olympics. In order to widen traffic routes for the Olympic Games, the Beijing Municipal Government orders the demolition of entire neighborhoods. Several evictees of Meishi Street, located next to Tiananmen Square, fight through endless red tape and the indifference of fellow citizens for the right to keep their homes. Given video cameras by the filmmakers, they shoot exclusive footage of the eviction process, adding vivid intimacy to their story.
Republicanism in the United States
Republicanism in the United States is a set of ideas that guides the government and politics. These ideas have shaped the government, and the way people in the United States think about politics, since the American Revolution.
The American Revolution, the Declaration of Independence (1776), the Constitution (1787), and even the Gettysburg Address (1863) were based on ideas from American republicanism.
"Republicanism" comes from the word "republic." However, they are not the same thing. A republic is a type of government (one where the people can choose their leaders). Republicanism is an ideology – set of beliefs that people in a republic have about what is most important to them.
Definition
Some of the most important ideas of republicanism are that:
The American Revolution
American republicanism was created and first practiced by the Founding Fathers in the 18th century. For them, "republicanism represented more than a particular form of government. It was a way of life, a core ideology, an uncompromising commitment to liberty, and a total rejection of aristocracy." Republicanism shaped what the Founders thought and did during the American Revolution, and after.
Creating American republicanism
The leaders of colonial America in the 1760s and 1770s read history carefully. Their goal was to compare governments and how well different types of governments worked. They were especially interested in the history of liberty in England. They modeled American republicanism partly after the English "Country Party." This was a political party which opposed the Court Party, which held power in England.
The Country Party was based on ancient Greek and Roman republicanism. The Party criticized the corruption in the "Court" Party, which focused mostly on the King's court in London. It did not focus on the needs of regular people in England, or on areas outside of the capital city.
Roger Agnelli
Roger Agnelli (May 3, 1959 – March 19, 2016) was a Brazilian entrepreneur, banker, and corporate leader. He ran one of the largest mining companies in the world, Vale SA. In 2013, he was voted by Harvard Business Review as the world’s fourth best-performing chief executive officer behind Apple Inc. CEO Steve Jobs, Jeff Bezos of Amazon.com and Yun Jong-Yong of Samsung.
Republicanism in the United States
Creating American republicanism
By reading history, The Founders came up with a set of political ideas that they called "republicanism." By 1775, these ideas were common in colonial America. One historian writes: "Republicanism was the distinctive political [way of thinking] of the entire Revolutionary generation."
Roger Agnelli
On March 19, 2016, he was killed, along with his wife, son, and daughter (and three others) when their plane crashed in São Paulo, Brazil. He was aged 56.
Republicanism in the United States
Creating American republicanism
Another historian explains that believers of American republicanism saw government as a threat. He writes that colonists felt constantly "threatened by corruption." Government, to them, was "the [biggest] source of corruption and operat[ed] through such means as patronage, faction, standing armies ( [instead of] the ideal of the militia); [and] established churches" which people would have to belong to.
Cause of Revolution
By the 1770s, most Americans were dedicated to republican values and to their property rights. This helped cause the American Revolution. More and more, Americans saw Britain as corrupt; hostile; and a threat to republicanism, freedom, and property rights. Many people thought that the greatest threat to liberty was corruption – not just in London, but at home too. They thought corruption went along with inherited aristocracy, which they hated.
In his Discourse of 1759, Revolutionist Jonathan Mayhew argued that people should only obey their governments if they "actually perform the duty of rulers by exercising a reasonable and [fair] authority for the good of human society." Many American colonists were convinced that British rulers were not using their power "for the good of human society." This made them want to form a new government which would be based on republicanism. They thought a republican government would protect – not threaten – freedom and democracy.
Founding Fathers
The "Founding Fathers" were strong supporters of republican values, especially Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, George Washington, Thomas Paine, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton.
For example, Thomas Jefferson once wrote that a government that had the most possible participation by "its citizens in mass" (all the people together) was the safest kind. He said a republic is: "...a government by its citizens in mass, acting directly and personally, according to rules established by the majority... [T]he powers of the government, being divided, should [each] be exercised ... by representatives chosen...for such short terms as should render secure the duty of expressing the will of their constituents. [T]he mass of the citizens is the safest [protector] of their own rights."
The Founding Fathers often talked about what "republicanism" meant. In 1787, John Adams defined it as "a government, in which all men, rich and poor, magistrates and subjects, officers and people, masters and servants, the first citizen and the last, are equally subject to the laws."
Other ideas
Some other ideas also affected the Founding Fathers. For example, in the 1600s, John Locke, an English philosopher, had created the idea of the "social contract." This idea said that people agree to obey governments, and in return, those governments agree to protect the people and their rights. This is like a contract made between the people and the government. If the government breaks this contract, and does not protect the people's rights, then the people have the right to overthrow their leaders. This idea was important to the Revolutionists.
When they were writing state and national constitutions, the Americans used ideas from Montesquieu, an 18th-century French political thinker. Montesquieu wrote about how the perfect British constitution would be "balanced." The idea of a balance of power (also called "checks and balances") is a very important part of the Constitution. It is one of the strategies the Founders used to make sure their government would be republican and protect the people from government corruption.
The Constitution
The Founding Fathers wanted republicanism because its ideas guaranteed liberty, with limited powers checking and balancing each other. However, they also wanted change to happen slowly. They worried that in a democracy, the majority of voters could vote away rights and freedoms. They were most worried about poor Americans (who made up most of the United States) turning against the rich. They worried that democracy could turn into "mob rule."
To guard against this, the Founders wrote many protections into the Constitution. For example:
Most adult white males were able to vote. In 1776, most states required people to own property to be able to vote. However, at that time, America was 90% rural, and most people owned farms. As cities grew bigger and people started doing work in the cities, most states dropped the property requirement. By 1850, this requirement was gone in every state.
Republican motherhood
Under the new government after the Revolution, "republican motherhood" became an ideal. Abigail Adams and Mercy Otis Warren were held up as the perfect "republican mothers." This idea said that a republican mother's first duty was to teach her children republican values. Her second job was to live simply and avoid luxury, which the Founders linked with corruption.
Democracy
Many of the Founders did not think "democracy" was a good idea. Their idea of "democracy" was the "pure democracy" that de Tocqueville had described. They worried often about the problem of 'tyranny of the majority' that de Tocqueville had warned about. They wrote many protections into the Constitution to prevent this from happening. As historians Richard Ellis and Michael Nelson write: "The principles of republican government embedded in the Constitution represent an effort by the framers to [make sure] that the inalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness would not be [destroyed] by majorities." Thomas Jefferson warned that "an elect[ed] despotism is not the government we fought for."
James Madison, in particular, worried about this, and wrote about it in The Federalist Papers. The Federalist Papers talk about democracy as being dangerous, because it allows a majority to take away the rights of a smaller group. However, Madison thought that as more people came to the United States, the country would get more diverse, and it would be harder to form a majority big enough to do this. In Federalist No. 10, Madison also argued that a strong federal government would help protect republicanism. The United States' first constitution, the Articles of Confederation, gave most power to the states and had a very weak federal government that could not get anything done. In Federalist No. 10, Madison argued that a small but powerful group might be able to take control of a small area, like a state. However, it would be much harder to take over an entire country. The bigger the country, he argued, the safer republicanism would be.
As late as 1800, the word "democrat" still had a very bad meaning to most Americans. It was mostly used to attack an opponent of the Federalist party. In 1798, George Washington complained that a "Democrat ... will leave nothing unattempted to overturn the Government of this Country." This changed over the next few decades.
Property rights
United States Supreme Court Justice Joseph Story (1779–1845) made the protection of property rights by the courts a major part of American republicanism. James Madison appointed Story to the Court in 1811. Story and Chief Justice John Marshall made the Court a protector of the rights of property against runaway democracy. Story believed that "the right of the citizens to the free enjoyment of their property" (if they got it legally) was "a great and fundamental principle of a republican government." Historians agree that Story—as much or more than Marshall or anyone else—reshaped American law in a conservative direction that protected property rights.
Military service
Republicanism saw military service as one of a citizen's most important duties. John Randolph, a Congressman from Virginia, once said: "When citizen and soldier shall be synonymous terms, then you will be safe."
However, at this time, the word "army" meant "foreign mercenaries." After the Revolutionary War, Americans did not trust mercenaries. Instead, they came up with the idea of a national army, made of citizens. They changed their definition of military service from a choice of careers to a civic duty – something every good republican should do. Before the Civil War, people saw military service as an important show of patriotism, and a necessary part of citizenship. To soldiers, military service was something they chose to do, something they had a say in, and it showed that they were good citizens.
Republic
The term republic is not used in the Declaration of Independence. However, it does appear in Article Four of the Constitution, which "guarantee[s] to every State in this Union a Republican form of Government."
Democracy
Over time, most Americans changed their opinion about the word "democracy." By the 1830s, most Americans saw democracy as a great thing, and members of the new Democratic Party proudly called themselves "Democrats."
Seninho
Arsénio Rodrigues Jardim (1 July 1949 – 4 July 2020), commonly known as Seninho, was a Portuguese professional footballer. He played as a right winger. Seninho won four caps for Portugal, in slightly less than two years.
Seninho died on 4 July 2020 at the age of 71 at a hospital in Porto.
Arrondissement of Argelès-Gazost
The arrondissement of Argelès-Gazost is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Hautes-Pyrénées department in the Occitanie region. Its capital is the city of Argelès-Gazost.
History
When the arrondissements were created in 1800, Argelès-Gazost was one of them in the Hautes-Pyrénées department.
Geography
It is the smallest of the arrondissements of the department with an area of 1300.2 km2, and a population 39,130 inhabitants; its population density is of inhabitants/km².
The arrondissement of Argelès-Gazost is bordered to the north by the arrondissement of Tarbes, to the east by the arrondissement of Bagnères-de-Bigorre, to the south by Spain and to west by the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department (Nouvelle-Aquitaine region).
Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.
The three cantons found in the arrondissement of Argelès-Gazost have all their communes in the arrondissement:
Communes
The arrondissement of Argelès-Gazost has 87 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes):
There are only 4 communes with more of 1,000 inhabitants in the arrondissement; they are:
Cernay, Calvados
Cernay, Calvados is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Assisi
Assisi is a town and a comune in Italy, in the region of Umbria. Assisi on the western side of the mountain called Mount Subasio. It is an important place because of its art, its architecture and its history. It is especially important to the Catholic religion. It was the birthplace of Saint Francis of Assisi, who was a Catholic saint. Saint Francis is most famous because he founded the Franciscan religious order in the year 1208. Saint Clare, a follower of Saint Francis, was also born in Assisi. She founded an order of religious women called the Poor Clares.
After Saint Francis and Saint Clare died, churches were built in their honor. The Church of Saint Francis, called the Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi, is famous as his burial place. It is also famous for the fresco paintings on the walls and ceilings. Many visitors go to Assisi on pilgrimage. Many people also go there to see the town's art. Assisi was made into a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the year 2000.
History
Around 1000 BC, large groups of people settled in this area. These were the Umbrians. They lived in small fortified villages on high ground. From 450 BC the Umbrians villages were taken over by the Etruscans. Then the Romans took control of central Italy by the Battle of Sentinum in 295 BC. They levelled out some land in terraces (wide steps) and built a large town called Asisium on the side of Mount Subasio. This town became Assisi. Some buildings still can be seen from Roman times in Assisi. They include the walls, the main piazza, and the Temple of the Goddess Minerva, which is now a church called Santa Maria sopra Minerva.
In 238 AD all the people of Assisi became Christian, because of the teaching of Bishop Rufino. He was martyred. It is believe that his body is buried under the Cathedral Church of San Rufino in Assisi.
The Ostrogoths of king Totila destroyed most of the town in 545. Then Assisi was the ruled by the Lombards, who came from the north of Italy, and then by the Frankish rulers.
In the 11th century (1000s), Assisi became a free town. But there was constant fighting between two groups called the Ghibellines and the Guelphs. Assisi mainly supported the Ghibellines, but the nearest big town, Perugia, supported the Guelphs. During the battle of Ponte San Giovanni (St. John's Bridge), the Guelphs from Perugia managed to capture a young man from Assisi. His name was Francesco di Bernardone. It was partly because of his experiences when he was captured that young Francesco decided that he would change from being a soldier. When he returned to his father's house, he put away all his riches and became a poor, wandering preacher, telling people to turn to God and live in peace with each other. He worked with the poor and the outcast people. They had no church except a ruin. St. Francis and his friends rebuilt the tiny ruined church for the shepherds and other poor people to worship in. It is called the "Porziuncola". Francesco (Francis) founded the Order of Franciscans. He was "canonized" (made a saint) in 1228 and is known as St. Francis. He is one of the most popular saints.
A large basilica church was built on the side of the mountain, in honour of St Francis, and was beautifully decorated with scenes of his life. One of the most famous scenes shows the story of St. Francis preaching to the birds. In 1997 Assisi was hit by the two earthquakes. Part of the roof of the basilica fell in, killing four people who were standing below, and damaging the painted ceiling. Many people "made donations" (gave money) to repair the building which was reopened less than two years later.
Other landmarks
The town has by two ancient castles. The oldest one was built by the Romans and is partly in ruins. The larger castle is called Rocca Maggiore. It was built by Cardinal Albornoz in 1367 and was added to by Popes Pius II and Paul III. UNESCO has made all the main monuments, the churches and the town of Assisi as a World Heritage Site.
Rose Mofford
Rose Perica Mofford (June 10, 1922 – September 15, 2016) was an American civil servant and politician. Mofford was the first female Secretary of State of Arizona serving from 1977 to 1988. She then became the first female Governor of Arizona serving from 1988 to 1991. Mofford was a member of the Democratic Party.
Assisi
Culture
Festival Calendimaggio is held from May 1st-5th. There are processions, theatre, flag-weavers and dance.
Rose Mofford
Mofford was born in Globe, Arizona. She died on September 15, 2016, from complications from a fall while under hospice care in Phoenix, aged 94.
Assisi
Culture
Assisi Embroidery is a type of counted-thread embroidery which has been practised in Assisi since the 13th century.
Today the town has many groups coming to enjoy the simple peace of St. Francis. One such group has restored an 11th-century room and added altars to the world's religions. Pilgrims come from many countries to the Assisi East West Retreat Center in Piazza San Rufino in the spirit of St. Francis to sit and be in peace.
Lance Kramer
'Lance Kramer' is an animation director on The Simpsons and Futurama. He was as an additional sequence director for The Simpsons Movie. He also worked as an assistant animator on The Last Traction Hero
San Benito County, California
San Benito County is a county in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, 64,209 people lived there. The county seat is Hollister. It was founded in 1874.
Yisa Sofoluwe
Yisa Sofoluwe (28 December 1967 – 9 February 2021) was a Nigerian professional footballer. He played as a defender. He won 40 caps and scored one goal for his country.
Sofoluwe died of COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria on 9 February 2021, at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH). He was aged 53 years.
Dawson County, Montana
Dawson County is a county found in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 8,966 people. Its county seat is Glendive.
Ameno, Piedmont
Ameno is a comune in the Province of Novara in the Piedmont region in Italy.
Sjöstads IF
From the 2001-2002 season, the club became inactive. Instead, the club played floorball together with IBF NB 87 under the name Karlstads IBF. From the 2005-2006, Sjöstads IF as a club returned.
Glinde
Glinde is a town in the province of Schleswig-Holstein in Germany, about 20 km away from Hamburg.
History
The name Glinde is found in a document from March 25 1229 for the first time. In the document, Earl Adolf IV. of Schauenburg and Holstein gave the village to a Cistercian convent. (The convent moved to today's town of Reinbek.) The King of Denmark and Duke of Schleswig-Holstein, Frederick I of Denmark, got all the convent had during the Protestant Reformation. In 1544 his son Christian III gave a part of it to each of his brothers. The owner changed again several times.
In 1948, the town administration of Glinde, Oststeinbek, Havighorst and Schönningstedt were brought together to the Amt Glinde. Schönningstedt left that combination in 1949 and Havighorst left it in 1973. So Glinde und Oststeinbek became independent villages.
On June 24, 1979, (on the 750th anniversary of the village), Glinde became a town.
Aplastodiscus cavicola
Cruz' tree frog (Aplastodiscus cavicola) is a frog. It lives in Brazil.
It Takes Two
It Takes Two is a 1995 American film starring Kirstie Alley, Steve Guttenberg, Jeremy London and Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen. Its title is taken from the song of the same name, by Marvin Gaye and Kim Weston, which is played in the closing credits.
Plot
Two unrelated young girls who happen to look identical meet by chance. Amanda Lemmon is an orphan, and she is about to be adopted by the Butkises, a family known to "collect" kids. She actually wants her child-loving social worker, Diane Barrows, to adopt her instead. Diane would like to do so, but authorities will not let her because of her low salary and unmarried status. Alyssa Callaway is coming home from her school piano recital competition, only to find that her wealthy father, Roger, is about to marry Clarice Kensington, an overbearing self-centered gold-digger socialite who plans to send both Alyssa and Thomas off to boarding school in Tibet after marrying Roger.
Upon having spied Roger and Diane laughing and swimming together in a lake one afternoon, Clarice manipulates Roger into moving the wedding up from the next month to the next day. Soon after, Alyssa, while posing as Amanda, ends up being adopted by the Butkises without Diane's knowledge, and is taken away by child services. Alyssa discovers the only reason the Butkises had adopted so many kids was to put them to work in their salvage yard.
Roughly two hours before the wedding, Amanda, who poses as Alyssa, proves to the family butler, Vincenzo, that she is not Alyssa. He contacts Diane and summons to have the real Alyssa picked up from the Butkises' salvage yard. In the meantime, Vincenzo, Thomas and Amanda work to stall the wedding.
Just as Roger is about to say "I do," Diane bursts into the church with the real Alyssa behind her, and Roger falters at the sight of Diane, recalling all the good times they had together. In that moment, he realises he has fallen in love with Diane and confesses this to Clarice. Furious, she slaps him and tries to do the same to "Alyssa," blaming her for sabotaging their relationship, but is stopped by Vincenzo and Thomas. As Clarice storms down the aisle, the real Alyssa steps out from behind Diane, and Clarice claims it's a "conspiracy" that there's "two of them." She tries to take this new opportunity to slap Alyssa, but Diane steps forward in time, barking at her to "Back off, Barbie," and calmly informs her that she has something in her teeth. Humiliated, Clarice moves to storm out of the church again, but Alyssa embarrasses her even further by stepping on her wedding gown, causing the skirt to rip off.
An incredulous Roger learns that Alyssa has been with Diane all this time and it becomes apparent to them that Thomas, Amanda and Alyssa had orchestrated their meet-ups all along, about which the girls are extremely smug. After some encouragement from the girls and Thomas, Roger and Diane kiss, and the five of them board a horse-drawn carriage, driven by Vincenzo, to take a ride through Central Park.
Andes
The Andes are a mountain range along the western coast of South America.
They stretch over 7,000 km / 4,400 miles from the south of Argentina and Chile to the north of Colombia. They are also found in Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador.
The Amazon river system has its sources in the eastern flanks of the Andes.
The Andes are the longest exposed mountain range of the world, and the second-highest after the Himalayas. The Andes mountain range is the highest mountain range outside Asia.
Vangelis
Evángelos Odysséas Papathanassíou (29 March 1943 – 17 May 2022), known professionally as Vangelis, was a Greek musician and composer. His music was electronic, progressive, ambient, jazz, and orchestral. He was best known for his Academy Award-winning score to Chariots of Fire (1981), as well as for composing scores to the movies Blade Runner (1982), Missing (1982), Antarctica (1983), The Bounty (1984), 1492: Conquest of Paradise (1992), and Alexander (2004).
He also composed music for documentaries such as Cosmos: A Personal Voyage by Carl Sagan. He was born in Agria, Hellenic State (present-day Agria, Greece). His career began in 1963.
Andes
Aconcagua, the highest peak, rises to 6,962 m (22,841 ft) above sea level. The top of Mount Chimborazo in the Ecuadorean Andes is the point on the Earth's surface most distant from its center. Mount Chimborazo is an inactive volcano in Ecuador, which last erupted over a thousand years ago.
Bhakti Charu Swami
Bhakti Charu Swami (17 September 1945 – 4 July 2020) was an Indian spiritual leader. He was a member of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON). He was a disciple of ISKCON's founder A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. Swami was born in the Bengal Presidency.
Swami died on 4 July 2020 from COVID-19 in Florida, aged 74.
Andes
Geography
The Andes has three sections:
The northern part has two parallel ranges. They are the Cordillera Occidental (western) and the Cordillera Oriental (eastern). The term cordillera comes from the Spanish word meaning 'rope'.
In Colombia, north to the border with Ecuador, the Andes split in three parallel ranges, western, central and eastern.
In the north the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Snowy Mountain Range of Saint Martha) is an isolated mountain range apart from the Andes chain that runs through Colombia. Reaching an altitude of 5,700 metres above sea level just 42 km from the Caribbean coast, the Sierra Nevada is the world's highest coastal range.
The western range of the eastern Cordillia Oriental is the only one which reaches Colombia.
The Andes range is about 200 km wide throughout its length, except in Bolivia where it is 640 km wide. The islands of the Dutch Caribbean Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao, which lie in the Caribbean Sea off the coast of Venezuela, represent the submerged tops of the northern edge of the Andes range.
Geology
The Andes are a Mesozoic–Tertiary orogenic belt of mountains along the Pacific Ring of Fire.
The Andes are the result of plate tectonics processes, caused by the subduction of oceanic crust beneath the South American continental plate. South America, like North America, has been moving west since the Cretaceous period. Thus the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South American Plate formed the Andes. This was caused by the westward movement of South America.
The formation of the modern Andes began with the events of the Triassic and Jurassic when Pangea begun to break up and several rifts developed. It was during the Cretaceous period that the Andes began to take their present form, by the uplifting, faulting and folding of sedimentary and metamorphic rock of the ancient cratons to the east. The rise of the Andes has not been constant and different regions have had different degrees of tectonic stress, uplift, and weathering.
Climate
The climate in the Andes differs depending on which area, the altitude, and how close it is to the sea. The southern section is rainy and cool. The central Andes are dry. The northern Andes are normally rainy and warm, with an average temperature of 18 C in Colombia. The climate is known to change very much in rather short distances. Rainforests exist just miles away from the snow covered peak Cotopaxi. The mountains have a large effect on the temperatures of nearby areas. The snow line depends on the location. It is at between 4,500 and 4,800 m (14,800–15,800 ft) in the tropical Ecuadorian, Colombian, Venezuelan, and northern Peruvian Andes, going up to 4,800–5,200 m (15,800–17,060 ft) in the drier mountains of southern Peru south to northern Chile south to about 30°S, then going down to 4500 m on Aconcagua at 32°S, 2000 m at 40°S, 500 m at 50°S, and only 300 m in Tierra del Fuego at 55°S; from 50°S, many of the bigger glaciers go down to sea level.
The Andes of Chile and Argentina can be put in two climatic and glaciological zones; the Dry Andes and the Wet Andes.
Plants
Rainforests used to hold much of the northern Andes but are now reduced, especially in the Chocó and inter-Andean valleys of Colombia. Farming, deforestation, illegal crops, and population growth has done this.
A direct opposite of the humid Andean slopes are the mostly dry Andean slopes in most of western Peru, Chile and Argentina. That area, and many Interandean Valles, normally have deciduous woodland, shrub and xeric (dry) vegetation, up to the mostly lifeless Atacama Desert.
About 30,000 species of vascular plants live in the Andes. About half of those are endemic to the region: it is a hotspot. The small tree Cinchona pubescens is a source of quinine used to treat malaria. It is found widely in the Andes as far south as Bolivia. Other important crops that came from the Andes are tobacco and potatoes.
The high-altitude Polylepis forests and woodlands are found in the Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Chile. These trees are called Queñua, Yagual and other names. They grow at altitudes of 4500 m above sea level. It is still unclear if the patchy distribution of these forests and woodlands is natural, or the result of clearing which began during the Incan time. Regardless, in modern times the clearance has had a faster pace, and the trees are now endangered. Some think as little as 10% of the original woodland is still here.
Wildlife
The Andes has a lot of wildlife. With almost 1,000 species, of which about 2/3 are endemic to the region, the Andes is the most important region in the world for amphibians. Animal diversity in the Andes is high, with almost 600 species of mammals (13% endemic), more than 1,700 species of birds (1/3 endemic), more than 600 species of reptiles (45% endemic), and almost 400 species of fish (1/3 endemic).
The Vicuña and Guanaco can be found living in the Altiplano, while the closely related domesticated Llama and Alpaca are commonly kept by locals as pack animals and for their meat and wool. The nocturnal chinchillas, two threatened members of the rodent order, live in the Andes' alpine regions. The Andean Condor, the largest bird of its kind in the Western Hemisphere, lives throughout much of the Andes but mostly in very low numbers. Other animals found in the mostly open habitats of the high Andes are the huemul, cougar, and foxes in the genus Pseudalopex. And for birds, some species of tinamous (they are members of the genus Nothoprocta), are the Andean Goose, Giant Coot, flamingos (mainly associated with hypersaline lakes), Lesser Rhea, Andean Flicker, Diademed Sandpiper-plover, miners, sierra-finches and diuca-finches.
Vangelis
Vangelis died on 17 May 2022 at a hospital in Paris, France from heart failure while receiving treatment for COVID-19, aged 79.
Influences
Vangelis stated composers like Hans Stockhausen, Delia Derbyshire, Michel Legrand, Klaus Schulze, Soft Machine, Brian Eno, Jerry Goldsmith, Morton Subotnick, Max Corbacho and Neu! as influences.
Les chemins de ma maison
Les chemins de ma maison (English: The Paths of My House) is the third album by Canadian singer Celine Dion.
Rosa Frauendorfer
Rosa Frauendorfer (born 1886) was an Austrian competitive diver and swimmer from Vienna. She was a member of the Danubia swimming club.
She practiced two hours of swimming every day. She trained sometimes at the military school in Vienna.
Swimming career
Frauendorfer won a high number of prizes in 1904. In 1905 she wins the international race organized by a women's swimming club in Vienna. It was a 12 kilometre race from Klosterneuburg to Vienna. She swam the distance in stormy weather in 1 hour and 25 minutes. She also won the first prize in diving. The next year in 1906 she the diving event and the backstroke race at the international competition organized by the "Danubia" club. She took part in a lot of long distance swimming races. She took part in the competition from Klosterneuburg to Vienna (12 km in 1h 36 minutes), the race from Grafenstein to Vienna (1 hour 42 minutes). Shed crossed Lake Zurich; 3 km from Wädenswil to Männedorf (1 hour 35 minutes). In Eau Morte she swam 3 kilometre in 1 hour 30 minutes and 5 kilometre in 2 hour 15 minutes.
On 15 July 1096 she participated in the Traversée de Paris à la nage, a 11.6 km open water swimming race in Paris. She swam the complete race in breaststroke and swam the distance in 3 hours 59:30.4. She was accompanied by Mr. Shmall (correspondent of the newspaper L'Auto in Vienna) and Mrs. Schmall (president of the Danubia club). In 1907 she is approached to participate in the Traversée de Paris à la nage but she refuses the offers of the newspaper. While advertised on advertising posters, she wants to keep her amateur status that she has just regained.
Personal life
Frauendorfer was born in 1886 and lived in Vienna. She was the daughter of a main annuitant. She was passionate about motoring and drove cars.
Richard Powers
Richard Powers (born June 18, 1957) is an American novelist. His writing often shows the ways modern science and technology make life different.
Powers was born in Evanston, Illinois. His father was a high school principal. As a boy he lived in Bangkok, Thailand for five years while his father worked at the International School. In 1975 he went to college at the University of Illinois. He started studying physics but changed to English. He finished a masters degree in 1979. He moved to Boston in 1980 to do computer programming. One day, at Boston's Museum of Fine Art, he saw a photo by August Sander of three young men. In two days he quit his job and started writing his first novel, Three Farmers on Their Way to a Dance. That book was praised by many reviewers.
Powers received a MacArthur Fellowship in 1989. In 2006 his novel The Echo Maker won the National Book Award. The Overstory won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 2019. As of 2023, Powers has written thirteen novels.
Railway speed record
The world's fastest train is the Shanghi Maglev in China, It can reach a top speed of 600 kph The train is unusual because it uses magnetic levitation to float over an elevated track rather than using wheels on railway tracks as most trains do. The train that runs fastest while carrying passengers is the CR400 Fuxing from China. It can go at 350 kph. The fastest speed on a test run by a regular train was 574.8 kph on 3 April 2007 in France.
America
In the United States, the fastest trains are legacy Acelas,They can run at 150 mph.
China
The Shanghi Maglev in China can go as fast as 600 kph. It is a special type of train that uses magnetic force to hold it off the ground. This causes it to "fly" a dew centimetres above its special guide track. China also has the CR400 Fuxing trains, They can go at speeds of up to 350 kph, and have done 420 kph on a test run.
France
France is known for its TGV trains. Some travel up to 320 kph on some routes.
Germany
In Germany, the fastest train is their ICE3. It goes up to a speed of 330 kph. It has also gone as fast as 368 kph on a special test run.
Japan
Japan is known for its bullet trains on its ''Shinkansen (high speed) railway lines. The fastest, the Japanese Railways East (JR East) E5 go at up to 320 kph. ''
Morocco
The first high speed line in Africa opened in November 2018 in Morocco. It runs between Tangier and Casablanca. The Alboraq trains came from the French TGV. They have a maximum speed of 320 kph.
Historical speed records
The maximum records have usually been set on special test runs and are for conventional (normal) trains:
Weight loss
Weight loss is when a person weighs less than before. A person can lose weight by running, swimming or doing any other activity. Also, a person might eat a healthier diet to lose weight. There are many diet and exercises programs available to lose weight. Many people lose weight when they eat less sugar and more vegetables, fruits and lean meat.
People who are obese may get medical treatment to lose weight. In Britain there are long waiting lists for weight loss surgery.
Weight loss can happen for different reasons
In many countries weight loss is caused by sociological pressure mostly on woman to have slim and fit figure.
Sleeping
Getting enough sleep helps to avoid gaining excess weight. Over time, getting more sleep can help a person to lose weight. The main reason is not getting enough sleep leaves a person tired during the day and prone to eating more food. Getting enough sleep helps in maintaining healthy eating habits.
With every breath
Without going to the bathroom, a person naturally loses over 1 lb while they sleep at night. One reason is humans breathe in oxygen but breathes out carbon dioxide. That is breathing in one molecule of Oxygen for every two molecules of carbon each time they breathe out. A molecule of carbon does not weigh much by itself, but given that with each breath twenty billion-trillion molecules are expelled, over a 7-8 hour period that adds up to over a pound of carbon. Normal perspiration occurs while sleeping but usually only causes a small amount of water weight loss.
Your body also burns calories while you sleep.
Diet vs exercise
It is well known that lean mass (muscle and bone) burn more energy than fat. Even at rest, a body with more muscle tissue will burn more calories.
Exercise alone can be effective in weight loss. Several studies found similar results. The comparison between dieting and exercising found both resulted in weight loss. The conclusion was that using both diet and exercise together was the most effective method of weight loss and in maintaining a healthy body.
Britney Spears conservatorship dispute
The American pop singer Britney Spears was put in conservatorship in February 2008. The conservator was her father. Spears' conservatorship was from two 5150 psychiatric hospital admissions one month earlier that same year. She wanted the restrictions removed because she wasn't allowed to have further kids. She couldn't even marry or remove her pregnancy stopping device.
The conservatorship was a short restriction at the start for Spears. It was later made permanent by her father and others. Spears spent three months shy of fourteen years in probate conservatorship limits (one for her finances, another for her own wellness and her health). Los Angeles County's Judge Brenda Penny dissolved the Spears conservatorship limits on November 12, 2021.
The Free Britney movement, an American social group that fought for Spears' conservatorship phase out, were celebrating after it really took place. Several celebrities were also happy the restrictions ended. They include Cher, Paris Hilton, Lady Gaga, Mia Farrow, Missy Elliott and Cyndi Lauper. Others supporting the restrictions' end were Spears' mother, her lawyer and Free Britney movements' members and Spears' fans. Many of these people said Spears had been objectified when the conservatorship was effective.
ViSalus
ViSalus is a health and fitness products company that sells weight-management products, energy drinks, and nutritional supplements. The company is headquartered in Los Angeles, CA and Troy, MI and is majority-owned by Blyth, Inc. ViSalus' Chief Marketing Officer is Blake Mallen and Ryan Blair is the Chief Executive Officer.
History
In 2005, Blake Mallen, Ryan Blair, and Miamian Nick Sarnicola founded ViSalus. In 2008, Blyth, Inc. purchased a stake in the company and increased its ownership to almost seventy-five percent. In 2013, the company expanded to the United Kingdom, with an office in Guilford. Ros Simmons was appointed as Managing Director of ViSalus for the United Kingdom.
Product
ViSalus is best known for its Vi 90-Day Challenge, a health challenge for customers. ViSalus also markets products including NEURO, Vi-Net, Vi-Net Mobile, and Vi-Shape Nutritional Shake Mix. The company sells its products in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. ViSalus uses direct marketing and employs 92,000 promoters. In 2012, the Miami Herald reported that Hulk Hogan and Alfonso Ribeiro endorsed ViSalus products.
Regarding Henry
Regarding Henry is a 1991 American drama movie directed by Mike Nichols and starring Harrison Ford, Annette Bening, Bill Nunn, Rebecca Miller, Bruce Altman, Elizabeth Wilson, Donald Moffat, John Leguizamo,. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures.
Plot
The movie is about an ambitious, ruthless, immoral, narcissistic, wealthy and successful lawyer from Manhattan who lives for his career and neglects his wife and daughter. When he is shot while stumbling upon a robbery, he loses his memory, how to talk and walk, and needs to learn how to talk, walk and regain his memory, including remembering his family.
Sarah Marshall (British actress)
Sarah Lynne Marshall (25 May 1933 – 18 January 2014) was an English actress. Her television credits include: The Twilight Zone, F Troop, Get Smart, and Star Trek and Daniel Boone. She was born in London, the daughter of actors Herbert Marshall and Edna Best.
Marshall died from cancer of unknown primary origin on 18 January 2014 in Los Angeles, California in the United States. She was 80 years old. She was outlived by her husband and son.
1948 FIFA Youth Tournament Under-18
The 1948 FIFA Youth Tournament, was the first edition of what would later be called the UEFA European Under-19 Championship, a yearly international men's football tournament organised by FIFA. It was held in England from 15 to 17 April 1948 with five different locations hosting the matches. Eight teams competed in a knockout competition with England defeating the Netherlands 3–2 in the final.
Teams
The following teams entered the tournament:
Supplementary Round
In this round the losing teams from the first round participated.
Lai Châu province
Lai Châu is a province of Vietnam. Its capital is Lai Châu.
West Punjab
West Punjab was a former province of Pakistan which existed from 1947 to 1955. The province covered an area of 160622 km2,including much of the current Punjab province and the Islamabad Capital Territory, but excluding the former princely states of Bahawalpur. The capital was the city of Lahore and the province had four divisions (Lahore, Sargodha, Multan and Rawalpindi). The province was bordered by the former Indian state of East Punjab to the east, the princely state of Bahawalpur to the south, the provinces of Balochistan and Sindh to the southwest, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the northwest, and Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Occupied Kashmir to the northeast.
History
The independence of Pakistan in 1947 led to the divisions of the Punjab province into two new provinces. The East Punjab where most people were Sikh and Hindu became part of the new nation of India while the mainly Muslim West Punjab became part of the new nation of Pakistan. The name of the province was shortened to Punjab in 1950. West Punjab was merged into the province of West Pakistan in 1955 under the One Unit policy announced by Prime Minister Chaudhry Mohammad Ali. When that province was dissolved, the area of the former province of West Punjab was combined with the former state of Bahawalpur to form a new Punjab Province.
People
At independence there was a Muslim majority in West Punjab with significant minorities of Hindus and Sikhs. Nearly all of these minorities left West Punjab for India, to be replaced by large numbers of Muslims fleeing in the opposite direction. The official language of West Punjab was Urdu but most of the population spoke Punjabi using the Shahmukhi script.
Government
The offices of Governor of West Punjab and Chief Minister of West Punjab lasted from August 15 1947, until 14th October 1955. The first Governor was Sir Francis Mudie with Iftikhar Hussain Khan as the first Chief Minister. Both offices were abolished in 1955, when the province of West Pakistan was created. The last Governor of West Punjab, Mushtaq Ahmad Gurmani, became the first Governor of West Pakistan.
Guldstaden IB
Guldstaden IB  was a floorball club in the town of Skellefteå in Sweden. The men's team played 9 seasons in the Swedish top division, starting in 1989/1990. During the 1991/1992 season the team reached the Swedish national championship quarterfinals. However, they lost to IBK Lockerud, and the upcoming season the same thing happened again. This time, however, they lost against Balrog IK.
Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church
On June 1, 2020, amid the George Floyd protests in Washington, D.C., law enforcement officers used tear gas and other riot control tactics to forcefully clear peaceful protesters from Lafayette Square.
This was done to create a path for President Donald Trump and senior administration officials to walk from the White House to St. John's Episcopal Church. Trump held up a Bible and posed for a photo shoot in front of Ashburton House (the church's parish house), which had been damaged by a fire during protests the night before.