cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
John Hancock
John Hancock  (January 12, 1737 – October 8, 1793) was an early American patriot, a leader in the American Revolutionary War, and an American statesman. He was the first man to sign America's Declaration of Independence. In modern America, "John Hancock" is a synonym for signature.
Hancock's ancestors arrived in the English colonies in 1652. In 1737, Hancock was born in Braintree (now Quincy, Massachusetts). When John Hancock Jr. his father died, he was adopted by his uncle, a merchant in Boston, Massachusetts. At his uncle's death in 1754, Hancock inherited the business. He became a leading merchant in Boston and one of the richest in the colonies.
Sabellianism
Sabelianism is a position in Christian theology. It is against the idea of the trinity. Sabellianism is also known as modalism, modalistic monarchianism, or modal monarchism. Basically, the teaching says that God has three masks, and humans see him in three different ways, but he is in fact only one.
Those in favor
Historic Sabellianism taught that God the Father was the only person of the Godhead, a belief known as Monarchianism. One author has described Sabellius' teaching: ''The true question, therefore, turns on this, viz., what is it which constitutes what we name ‘person’ in the Godhead? Is it original, substantial, essential to divinity itself? Or does it belong to and arise from the exhibitions and developments which the divine Being has made of himself to his creatures? The former Sabellius denied; the latter he fully admitted.''
John Hancock
Hancock had several important jobs in Colonial America and the early United States of America. He was president of the Massachusetts Provincial Congress in 1774 and 1775. He used his money to support American independence. The British thought him a very dangerous man.
Sabellianism
Those in favor
Hippolytus of Rome knew Sabellius personally and mentioned him in the Philosophumena. He knew Sabellius disliked Trinitarian theology, but he said Modal Monarchism was the heresy of Noetos, not that of Sabellius.
John Hancock
Hancock was president of the Continental Congress in 1774 and 1775. He wanted to lead the Continental Army. George Washington got the job instead. With 5,000 troops, he tried to free Rhode Island from the British. He was not successful.
Sabellianism
Those in favor
Christians in Cyrenaica liked Sabellianism, and converted to it. Demetrius, Patriarch of Alexandria, wrote many letters to them arguing against this belief.
Critics
The primary critic was Tertullian, who said that they crucified the Father.
John Hancock
Hancock led the convention that adopted the Massachusetts Constitution in 1780. He was first Governor of the state Massachusetts. He served nine terms. Hancock suffered from gout in his later life. He died in 1793.
Sabellianism
Critics
It is important to note that our only sources available for our understanding of Sabellianism are from people who opposed it. Scholars today do not agree what exactly Sabellius or Praxeus taught. It is easy to think Tertullian and Hippolytus misrepresented the opinions of their opponents.
Tertullian seems to suggest that the majority of believers at that time favoured the Sabellian view of the oneness of God. Epiphanius (Haeres 62) about 375 AD notes that Sabellius still had many followers, both in Mesopotamia and at Rome. The second general council at Constantinople in 533 AD declared the baptism of Sabellius to be invalid, which indicates that Sabellianism was still around.
Its position today
Sabellianism has been rejected by the majority of Christian churches in favour of Trinitarianism. This was done through the Athanasian Creed, which says that God is three distinct persons. Each one of the three is equal to the others, and eternal in the same way than the other two.
Michael Servetus and Emanuel Swedenborg were scientists of the 16th and 17th century. Some of the tests thy have written seem to suggest that they were in favor of Modalism. Neither of the two describes God as appearing in three modes. Both describe him as the One Divine Person, Jesus Christ, who has a Divine Soul of Love, Divine Mind of Truth, and Divine Body of Activity. Jesus merged his human form with the divine. By doing this, he became entirely One with His Divine Soul from the Father in such a way that the persons could no longer be kept apart.
Oneness Pentecostalism teaches that the Father (a spirit) is united with Jesus (a man) as the Son of God. However, Oneness Pentecostalism is very different from Sabellianism, because it rejects sequential modalism. They teach that God was fully God and fully man.
Oneness Pentecostalism and Sabellianism can be compared to each other, because they are both Notrinitarian. There may be several differences between both positions though.
What did it really teach?
It is difficult to find out what Sabellianism really taught, because all that is left today are the texts of those who were against it. All of his original works were burned. The following excerpts which demonstrate some of the known doctrinal characteristics of ancient Sabellians may be seen to compare with the doctrines in the modern Oneness movement:
Viola
A viola is a musical instrument that is similar to the violin and cello. The viola sounds lower than a violin, but higher than a cello. It has four strings: the C, G, D, and A strings. The highest string is the A string. The viola is played with a bow in the right hand. Playing with the bow is called arco. Sometimes the strings may be plucked (pizzicato).
When people see the viola, sometimes they think it is a violin. This is because the viola is only a little larger than a violin, and like the violin, the viola is held on the player's left shoulder. It is also because the sound of the viola is only five notes lower than the sound of the violin. The biggest difference between the viola and the violin is the sound. The viola's lowest string is the "C" string and its highest string is the "A" string. So, to see whether a violin-like instrument is a violin or viola, one will need to pluck the thinnest string. The violin's lowest string is the "G" string and its highest string is the "E" string. Even though the viola and violin can play many of the same notes, they each have a special sound quality. Sometimes people describe the viola's sound as more "dark", "earthy", or "mellow" than the violin's sound.
The person that makes and repairs violas is called a luthier.The Viola is also known as the Cinderella of the orchestra, due to it being unfairly neglected when it comes to popularity to the public and choice of famous classical music. Lionel Tertis and William Primrose were the two famous violists that helped the viola become more respected in general and as a solo instrument.
People who write music often use the viola for harmony notes. It is one of the instruments in a string quartet, along with two violins and a cello. The viola is found in chamber ensembles of string instruments only, and also in full symphony orchestras where strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion instruments play together. The viola can also be a solo instrument, but is mostly used in an orchestra. The viola comes in many sizes. The sizes are measured in inches, such as a 14-inch viola. The size of the viola is measured from the bottom to the neck of it (its body's length).
Limone sul Garda
Limone sul Garda is a comune in the Province of Brescia in the Italian region of Lombardy. It is on the western shore of Lake Garda.
Dew Process
Dew Process is an independent record label from Brisbane, Australia. It was started by Paul Piticco, who still works for the company today. Dew Process is distributed by Universal Music Australia in Australia and New Zealand.
Premise
A premise is a statement which an argument claims will justify a conclusion. The proof of a conclusion depends on both the truth of the premises and the validity of the argument.
Aristotelian logic
Aristotle held that any logical argument could be reduced to three premises and a conclusion. Premises are sometimes left unstated in which case they are called missing premises, for example:
It is understood that Socrates is a man. The fully expressed reasoning is thus:
Mathematical logic
In logic, an argument requires a set of two declarative sentences (or "propositions") known as the premises, with another declarative sentence (or "proposition") known as the conclusion. This structure of two premises and one conclusion forms the basic argumentative structure.
More complex arguments can use a series of rules to connect several premises to one conclusion, or to derive a number of conclusions from the original premises. An example of this is the use of the rules of inference found within symbolic logic.
Jōei
Jōei (貞永) was a Japanese era name (年号,) after Kangi and before Tenpuku. This period started in April 1232 and ended in April 1233. The reigning emperors were Go-Horikawa-tennō (後堀河天皇) and Shijō-tennō (四条天皇).
Simone Pepe
Simone Pepe (born 30 August 1983) is an Italian footballer who plays for Serie A club Juventus.
Monohorpur
Monohorpur is a small village on the bank of a picturesque Sal river (also called Kopai river) which is a tributary of Mayurakshi river. It is a village located in Birbhum district of Indian state of West Bengal.
Culture and Festivals
As they say in old Bengali proverb - “bangalir baro mase tero parbon”, people are very passionate about all traditional Bengali festivals. Although most of the festivals are rooted to Hindu religious belief but over the period the association faded and become more a social gettogether. The main festivals are Durga Pujo, Laxmi Pujo, Kali pujo, Basanti pujo, Annapurna pujo, Sorossoti pujo, Nobanno, Rathajatra, Chobbis prohor nam songkirton,Doshohara, Soshti pujo, Shiv Ratri, Rondhro Kali mohotsov, Dol purnima, Bromhodoito tolar mela, Poila Boisakh etc.
Multiocular O
Multiocular O is like Monocular O multiplied seven or ten times, and a rare glyph variant. This glyph variant can be found in a single 15th century manuscript, in the Old Church Slavonicphrase "серафими многоꙮ҄читїи҄
Monohorpur
Economy
In Monohorpur village 528 people are workers out of total population. 43.75 % of workers describe their work as Main Work (Employment or Earning more than 6 Months) while 56.25 % were involved in Marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months.
Demographics
According to Indian Census on 2011, Monohorpur village has a population of 1168 of which 600 males and 568 are females. In Monohorpur village, most of the villagers are from Schedule Caste (SC). Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 47.86 % while Schedule Tribe (ST) were 23.54 % of total population in Monoharpur village.
Education
The village has one government run primary school.
Jared Polis
Jared Schutz Polis (born May 12, 1975) is an American politician, businessman, and philanthropist. He is the 43rd and current Governor of Colorado.
In June 2017 Polis announced his candidacy for Governor of Colorado in the 2018 election. He won the general election in November 2018 defeating Walker Stapleton.
Polis was one of the few people to be openly gay when first elected to the U.S. House of Representatives and the first gay parent in Congress. In 2018, he became the first openly gay man and second openly LGBT person (after Kate Brown of Oregon) elected governor of a U.S. state. He is also the first Jewish governor of Colorado. In 2020, he became the first U.S. governor to be engaged to a same-sex partner.
Giuseppe Caselli
Giuseppe Guglielmo Umberto Caselli (July 5, 1893 – December 19, 1976) was an Italian painter. He studied under Felice Del Santo and Antonio Discovolo. In 1913, Caselli was imprisoned in a concentration camp in Austria. After that, he studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Florence. In 1938 he participated in the Premio del Golfo (Gulf Award), organized by Filippo Tommaso Marinetti.
Caselli was one of the best known painters from La Spezia. He painted thousands of works during his long career. In his paintings, Caselli showed the life of La Spezia. He painted the life in the Cinque Terre (Five Lands), a portion of coast on the Italian Riviera.
Yoshitaka Ohashi
Yoshitaka Ohashi (born 1 July 1983) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Nagano Parceiro.
Club career statistics
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Glossary of dance figures
Dance figures are groups of steps which have a name, and are described in technical dance manuals. Dance steps are the individual movements in a dance. A step is usually a change of weight from one leg to the other. Dance patterns and dance movements are informal terms.
Basic movement
The basic movement (also called the basic figure or the basic step) is the most basic movement of a dance. The music and the basic figures form the character of a dance. It is enough to do the basic steps in time with the music to dance socially.
However, most social dancers can do a few more figures: one does need to turn corners. So, for example, in the waltz a social dancer would need as a minimum: Closed change figures going forward and backward; natural turn to the right; reverse turn to the left. Next would come the whisk and chassé (see below).
Box step
The box step is a dance figure named so because the steps are made in the four corners of a square. It is used in some American-style ballroom dances (Rumba, Waltz).
Closed change
Closed change is a basic figure in the Waltz. The man steps forward on either foot whilst the lady steps backward on the opposing foot. They will then step to the side on the other foot, and finish the figure by closing the first foot beside the second. Each step takes up a full beat of the music.
Contra body movement position
Contra body movement position or CBMP is when the body is held at a different angle to the feet. It applies to almost every step taken outside partner, so it occurs often in tango and in all promenade figures.
Dosado
Dosado is a circular movement where two people, who are initially facing each other, walk around each other without or almost without turning. They face in the same direction all the time they are moving. They do not turn to face each other.
United States Poet Laureate
The Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress is commonly referred to as the United States Poet Laureate. This person serves as the official poet of the United States.
Glossary of dance figures
Feather step
The feather step is a basic figure in the Foxtrot. The man makes three steps forward, with the third one (right foot) done outside the lady. Second and third steps taken with left shoulder leading.
Jerez de la Frontera Cathedral
The Cathedral of San Salvador is the cathedral church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Asidonia-Jerez in Jerez de la Frontera, Andalusia, southern Spain. It was declared Bien de Interés Cultural in 1931. It was elevated to the rank of cathedral in 1980.
Glossary of dance figures
Figure
"A completed set of steps" More explicitly: a small sequence of steps comprising a meaningful gestalt, and given a name, for example 'whisk' or 'spin turn'.
Jerez de la Frontera Cathedral
Style
Built in the 17th century, it is a mix of Gothic, Baroque and Neoclassicist style.
Glossary of dance figures
Frame
The frame is a fundamental concept in ballroom dancing. The standard hold for partners differs according to the type of dance. In ballroom it is of critical importance, since it affects the ability of the two people to move as one.
United States Poet Laureate
The position started in 1937. At first it was called the "Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress." It became "Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry" by an Act of Congress in 1985.
In 1943 the Poet Laureate's job included these things:
Glossary of dance figures
Frame
In a close hold in ballroom the partners are slightly offset, with the lady (or 'follower') slightly to the right side of the man. Therefore their feet are not exactly opposite each other. The lady's shape in advanced dancers is as follows. With her hips firmly against the man, the top half of her body is slightly back and to the left.
United States Poet Laureate
The poet laureate is named between June and August of each year. Their active work goes from September to April. The poet laureate can be given a second term, but no more than that.
Glossary of dance figures
Frame
In the tango the lady is further to the right of the man, to half the width of the body. The dance is done with a right side lead by the man, and with no rise of the feet. Placing of the feet is delayed to the last possible moment, creating a movement in character with the music.
United States Poet Laureate
Consultants in Poetry
• 1937-1941: Joseph Auslander
Glossary of dance figures
Frame
The other aspect of the frame is the arms. The position of the man's arms should not vary in the course of a dance in ballroom (in relation to his shoulders). Advanced dancers hold the frame wider and higher than social dancers.
United States Poet Laureate
Consultants in Poetry
• 1943–1944: Allen Tate
Glossary of dance figures
Frame
In latin dances the partners are said to be in closed hold if they have their hands on each other, if not they are in semi-open or open positions. Most social latin dance is done in closed hold; most competition dancing is done in open position.
United States Poet Laureate
Consultants in Poetry
• 1944–1945: Robert Penn Warren
Alfred Kucharczyk
Alfred Kucharczyk (2 November 1937 – 2 December 2020) was a Polish gymnast. He competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics and the 1964 Summer Olympics. He was born in Radlin, Poland.
United States Poet Laureate
Consultants in Poetry
• 1946-1947: Karl Shapiro
Alfred Kucharczyk
Kucharczyk died in Wodzisław Śląski on 2 December 2020 at the age of 83.
United States Poet Laureate
Consultants in Poetry
• 1947-1948: Robert Lowell
Glossary of dance figures
Heel turn
The heel turn is a ballroom dance move. The heel of the support foot is turned while the other foot is held close and parallel to the support one. At the end of the turn the weight is transferred from one foot to another. A different version of this is the heel pull, in which the feet are kept apart.
United States Poet Laureate
Consultants in Poetry
• 1948-1949: Léonie Adams
• 1949-1950: Elizabeth Bishop
Glossary of dance figures
Hockey stick
A hockey stick is a figure in the Latin ballroom dances Rumba and Cha-cha-cha. This move gets its name because the lady moves in a pattern that is similar to a hockey stick.
United States Poet Laureate
Consultants in Poetry
• 1950-1952: Conrad Aiken
Glossary of dance figures
Kick
A kick is a movement of the foot and the lower part of the leg. It may vary from a light flick to a full kick of the knee.
United States Poet Laureate
Consultants in Poetry
• 1952: William Carlos Williams
Glossary of dance figures
Lock Step
A lock step is an action where the moving foot swings behind the standing foot rather than closing next to it. It is an elementary figure in the quickstep, and is now danced in all the ballroom dances.
United States Poet Laureate
Consultants in Poetry
• 1956-1958: Randall Jarrell
Glossary of dance figures
Lock Step
Going forward, the right foot ends up to the left of the left foot and somewhat behind it. Going backwards, the left foot ends up to the right of the right foot and slightly in front of it. Dancing this figure, the body is held diagonally to the direction of movement. This is an outside partner figure taken in contra-body movement position (CBMP).
United States Poet Laureate
Consultants in Poetry
• 1958-1959: Robert Frost
• 1959-1961: Richard Eberhart
Glossary of dance figures
Lock Step
In latin dances other versions of the lock step are done.
United States Poet Laureate
Consultants in Poetry
• 1961-1963: Louis Untermeyer
Glossary of dance figures
Moonwalk
The moonwalk is a dance technique that presents the illusion of the dancer being pulled backwards while trying to walk forward.
United States Poet Laureate
Consultants in Poetry
• 1963-1964: Howard Nemerov
Glossary of dance figures
Natural and reverse turns
A natural turn is a turn in which the dance couple rotates to the right (clockwise). A reverse turn is when the couple rotates to the left (anti-clockwise).
United States Poet Laureate
Consultants in Poetry
• 1964-1965: Reed Whittemore
• 1965-1966: Stephen Spender
Glossary of dance figures
Open turn or figure
A ballroom dance figure in which the moving foot passes the supporting foot, rather than closes to it.
United States Poet Laureate
Consultants in Poetry
• 1966-1968: James Dickey
• 1968-1970: William Jay Smith
Glossary of dance figures
Outside partner steps
An outside partner step is a step taken with the partner beside the moving foot. During this step the feet tracks of both partners do not overlap.
Killing Joke
Killing Joke are an industrial rock band from England. They have been called a key influence on the industrial rock genre.
United States Poet Laureate
Consultants in Poetry
• 1970-1971: William Stafford
• 1971-1973: Josephine Jacobsen
Glossary of dance figures
Promenade position
Promenade position (PP) is when the couple is positioned for their inside feet (man's left foot, lady's right foot) to move across to the man's left. It occurs in the elementary waltz figure of whisk and chassé. In dancing this figure correctly, the bodies form a thin v-shape. As they move into the chassé, their feet will point more towards the direction of movement. This effect, rarely achieved by elementary dancers, is caused by the contra body movement position (CBMP).
Hiroyuki Nakajo
Hiroyuki Nakajo was a sports shooter from Japan. Nakajo competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics. He was born on 2 February 1946 and died on 19 April 2020.
United States Poet Laureate
Consultants in Poetry
• 1973-1974: Daniel Hoffman
• 1974-1976: Stanley Kunitz
• 1976-1978: Robert Hayden
• 1978-1980: William Meredith
• 1981-1982: Maxine Kumin
• 1982-1984: Anthony Hecht
• 1984-1985: Reed Whittemore (interim)
Poland
Poland is a country in Central Europe. Its official name is Republic of Poland. It is on the east of Germany (along Oder and Lusatian Neisse). The Czech Republic and Slovakia are to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and the Baltic Sea, Lithuania, and the Russian exclave Kaliningrad to the north. The total land area of Poland is about 312,679 km2 (120,728 mi2), slightly larger than Oman. This makes Poland the 77th largest country in the world with over 38.5 million people. Most Polish people live in large cities, including the capital, Warsaw (Polish: Warszawa), Łódź, Cracow (Polish: Kraków), the second capital of Poland (first was Gniezno), Szczecin, Gdańsk, Wrocław and Poznań.
Electrical circuit
A circuit is a closed path that consists of circuit components in which electrons from a voltage or current source can flow. If the circuit consists of electric components like a resistor, a capacitor, an inductor etc. then it will be called an Electrical circuit and if the circuit consists of any of the electronic circuit components like a diode, a Transistor etc. then it will be called an Electronic circuit. So, the electronic circuits may consist both of the electrical and electronic circuit components, but an electrical circuit will have only the electrical components.
Poland
The word "Poland" was written officially for the first time in 966. In 1569, Poland formed a strong union with Lithuania called the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. At some point in its history, it was the largest state in Europe and became very influential. Much of the territory that now makes up Central European states used to belong to that Commonwealth. Eventually, after a slow decline, the Commonwealth collapsed in 1795. Poland regained its independence in 1918 after World War I. In 1921, Poland defeated Soviet Russia in the Polish-Soviet War that started in 1919.
United States Poet Laureate
Consultants in Poetry
• 1985-1986: Gwendolyn Brooks
Poland
However, Poland lost independence again not long after the beginning of World War II, after suffering a defeat by both the USSR and Nazi Germany. Although the government collapsed, the Polish people fought on by forming the largest and most effective resistance movement in Nazi-occupied Europe. It is most notable for disrupting German supply lines to the Eastern Front of WWII, providing military intelligence to the British, and for saving more Jewish lives in the Holocaust than any other Allied organization or government. After the war, Poland regained "independence" and became a communist country within the Eastern Bloc. The new government was appointed by Joseph Stalin and was under the control of the Soviet Union.
United States Poet Laureate
Poet Laureate Consultants in Poetry
• 1986-1987: Robert Penn Warren
Poland
In 1989, Poland ceased being a communist country and became a liberal democracy. Its change of government was the first in a series of events that led to the states of Eastern and Central Europe regaining their independence and the fall of the USSR in 1991. After the democratic consolidation, Poland joined the European Union on 1 May 2004. Poland is also a member of NATO, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization.
Electrical circuit
The point where electrons enter an electrical circuit is called the "source" of electrons. The point where the electrons leave an electrical circuit is called the "return" or "earth ground". The exit point is called the "return" because electrons always end up at the source when they complete the path of an electrical circuit.
Poland
Early history
The first sign of humans in Polish lands was 500,000 years ago. The Bronze Age started around 2400-2300 BC. The Iron Age started around 750-700 BC. At that time the Polish lands were under the influence of the Lusatian culture. About 400 BC Celtic and Germanic tribes lived there. Those people had trade contacts with the Roman Empire.
United States Poet Laureate
Poet Laureate Consultants in Poetry
• 1988-1990: Howard Nemerov
Poland
Early history
Over time, Slavs came to Polish lands. Some of those Slavs, now commonly referred to as Western Slavs (though in reality a diverse group of tribes with shared ethnic and cultural features), stayed there and started to create new nations. The most powerful tribe was called the Polans, who united all of the other Slavic tribes living there, and this is where the name "Poland" comes from.
United States Poet Laureate
Poet Laureate Consultants in Poetry
• 1990-1991: Mark Strand
Poland
Piast and Jagiellon dynasties
Poland began to form a country around the middle of the 10th century in the Piast dynasty. In 966, Prince Mieszko I became a Christian, and so the Polish people also became Christians. The next king was Bolesław I of Poland (called Bolesław the Brave). He conquered many lands and he became the first King of Poland. Casimir I of Poland changed the Polish capital from Gniezno to Kraków. In the 12th century, Poland broke into some smaller states after the death of King Bolesław III Wrymouth in 1138 because of his will. Those states were later attacked by Mongol armies in 1241, which slowed down the unification of the small states into the big country of Poland. This happened eighty years later, in 1320 when Władysław I became the King of United Poland. His son Casimir III the Great reformed the Polish economy, built new castles, and won the war against the Ruthenian Dukedom. Many people emigrated to Poland, becoming a haven for emigrants. Many Jewish people also moved into Poland during that time. The Black Death, which affected many parts of Europe from 1347 to 1351, did not come to Poland.
United States Poet Laureate
Poet Laureate Consultants in Poetry
• 1992-1993: Mona Van Duyn
Poland
Piast and Jagiellon dynasties
After the death of the last Piast on the Polish throne, Casimir III, Louis I of Hungary and his daughter Jadwiga of Poland began their rule. She married the Lithuanian prince Jogaila. Their marriage started a new dynasty in Poland: the Jagiellon dynasty. Under the Jagiellon dynasty, Poland made an alliance with its neighbor Lithuania.
United States Poet Laureate
Poet Laureate Consultants in Poetry
• 1993-1995: Rita Dove
Poland
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth to Second Republic of Poland
In the 17th century Sweden attacked almost all of Poland (this was called “the Deluge”). Many wars against the Ottoman Empire, Russia, Cossacks, Transylvania and Brandenburg-Prussia ended in 1699. For the next 80 years, the government and the nation were weak, making Poland dependent on Russia. Russian tsars took advantage of this by offering money to dishonest members of the Polish government, who would block new ideas and solutions. Russia, Prussia, and Austria broke Poland into three pieces in 1772, 1793 and 1795, which dissolved the country. Before the second split, a Constitution called "The Constitution of 3 May" was made in 1791.
Napoleon made another Polish state, “the Duchy of Warsaw”, but after the Napoleonic wars, Poland was split again by the countries at the Congress of Vienna. The eastern part was ruled by the Russian tsar. The Polish people did not like the new kings, and often rebelled (two big rebellions in 1830 and 1863 ). During World War I all the Allies agreed to save Poland. Soon after the surrender of Germany in November 1918, Poland became the Second Polish Republic (II Rzeczpospolita Polska). It got its freedom after several military conflicts; the largest was the 1919-1921 Polish-Soviet War.
United States Poet Laureate
Poet Laureate Consultants in Poetry
• 1995-1997: Robert Hass
Kim Boo-kyum
He also was the Member of the National Assembly for Suseong 1st constituency from 2016 to 2020 and for Gunpo from 2000 to 2012.
United States Poet Laureate
Poet Laureate Consultants in Poetry
• 1997-2000: Robert Pinsky
Poland
World War II
On September 1, 1939, World War II started when Nazi Germany attacked Poland. The Soviet Union attacked Poland on September 17, 1939. Warsaw was defeated on September 28, 1939. Poland was split into two pieces, one half owned by Nazi Germany, the other by the Soviet Union. More than 6 million Polish people died, and half of these people were Jewish. Most of these deaths were part of the Holocaust, in which 6 million Jews and 1.5 poles were killed. At the war's end, Poland's borders were moved west, pushing the eastern border to the Curzon line. The western border was moved to the Oder-Neisse line. The new Poland became 20% smaller by 77,500 square kilometers (29,900 sq mi). The shift forced millions of Poles, Germans, Ukrainians, and Jews to move.
United States Poet Laureate
Poet Laureate Consultants in Poetry
• 2000-2001: Stanley Kunitz
Poland
Polish People's Republic to Third Polish Republic
After these events, Poland gradually became a communist country. It was supposedly an independent country. But in reality, the new government was appointed by Joseph Stalin. It was also under the control of the Soviet Union. The country was then renamed the People's Republic of Poland. There are many Poles in the neighboring countries Ukraine, Belarus, and Lithuania (these three countries were part of the Soviet Union until 1991), as well as in other countries. Most Poles outside of Poland are in the United States, especially in Chicago. Germany and the United Kingdom are also home to a large Polish diaspora. The most recent mass emigration of Poles to western countries began after 1989.
United States Poet Laureate
Poet Laureate Consultants in Poetry
• 2001-2003: Billy Collins
Poland
Polish People's Republic to Third Polish Republic
In 1989 Solidarity - a trade union led by Lech Wałęsa - helped defeat the communist government in Poland. Even before that event, Lech Wałęsa was given a Nobel Prize for leading the first non-communist trade union fighting for democracy in the Communist Block. When Communism ended in Poland there were many improvements in human rights, such as freedom of speech, democracy, etc. In 1991 Poland became a member of the Visegrad Group and joined NATO in 1999 along with the Czech Republic and Hungary. Polish voters then voted to join the European Union in a vote in June 2003. The country joined the EU on May 1, 2004.
United States Poet Laureate
Poet Laureate Consultants in Poetry
• 2003-2004: Louise Glück
Poland
Polish People's Republic to Third Polish Republic
Currently, the Prime Minister is Mateusz Morawiecki. On 10 April 2010 the President Lech Kaczyński died in a government plane crash in Smolensk in Russia. The president is elected directly by the citizens for a five-year term. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and confirmed by the "Sejm". The Sejm is the lower chamber of Parliament legislature for the country. It has 460 deputies elected every four years.
Geography
Poland's territory is a plain reaching from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Carpathian Mountains in the south. Within that plain, the land varies from east to west.
United States Poet Laureate
Poet Laureate Consultants in Poetry
• 2006-2007: Donald Hall
Poland
Geography
The northeastern region is densely wooded, sparsely populated, and lacks agricultural and industrial resources. The geographical region has four hilly districts of moraines and lakes created by moraines. These formed during and after the Pleistocene ice age. The Masurian Lake District is the largest of the four districts and covers much of northeastern Poland.
United States Poet Laureate
Poet Laureate Consultants in Poetry
• 2008-2010: Kay Ryan
• 2010-2011: W. S. Merwin
Poland
Geography
Poland has many lakes. In Europe, only Finland has more lakes. The largest lakes are Śniardwy and Mamry. In addition to the lake districts in the north, there are also many mountain lakes in the Tatras mountains.
South of the northeastern region is the regions of Silesia and Masovia, which are marked by the broad ice-age river valleys. The Silesia region has many resources and people. Coal is abundant. Lower Silesia has large copper mining. Masovian Plain is in central Poland. It is in the valleys of three large rivers: Vistula, Bug and Narew.
United States Poet Laureate
Poet Laureate Consultants in Poetry
• 2011-2012: Philip Levine
Poland
Geography
Further south is the Polish mountain region. These mountains include the Sudetes and the Carpathian Mountains. The highest part of the Carpathians is the Tatra mountains which is along Poland’s southern border. The tallest mountain in Poland, Rysy at 2,503 m (8,210 ft), is in the High Tatras.
United States Poet Laureate
Poet Laureate Consultants in Poetry
• 2012-2014: Natasha Trethewey
Poland
Climate
Poland has a continental climate.
United States Poet Laureate
Poet Laureate Consultants in Poetry
• 2014-2015: Charles Wright
Glossary of dance figures
Promenade position
About half the tango figures are danced in PP.
Poland
Climate
Top 5 warmest days
Administrative divisions
Poland is made of sixteen regions known as voivodeships (województwa, singular - województwo). They are basically created from the country's historical regions, whereas those of the past two decades (till 1998) had been focused on and named for separate cities. The new units range in areas from under 10,000 km2 (Opole Voivodeship) to over 35,000 km2 (Masovian Voivodeship). Voivodeships are controlled by voivod governments, and their legislatures are called voivodeship sejmiks.
The sixteen voivodeships that make up Poland are further divided into powiaty (singular powiat), second-level units of administration, which are about the same as to a county, district or prefecture in other countries.
Subject for a Short Story
Subject for a Short Story (Сюжет для небольшого рассказа) is a 1969 Soviet drama movie directed by Sergei Yutkevich. It stars Nikolai Grinko, Marina Vlady, and Iya Savvina.
Electrical circuit
The part of an electrical circuit that is between the electrons' starting point and the point where they return to the source is called an electrical circuit's "load". The load of an electrical circuit may be as simple as those that power home appliances like refrigerators, televisions, or lamps or more complicated, such as the load on the output of a hydroelectric power generating station.
Poland
Literature
Almost no Polish literature remains before Christianisation in the 10th century. Polish literature was written in the Latin language during the Middle Ages. The Polish language was accepted as equal to Latin after the Renaissance for literature.
Electrical circuit
Circuits use two forms of electrical power: alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC). AC often powers large appliances and motors and is generated by power stations. DC powers battery-operated vehicles and other machines and electronics. Converters can change AC to DC and vice versa. High-voltage direct current transmission uses big converters.
United States Poet Laureate
Poet Laureate Consultants in Poetry
• 2015-2017: Juan Felipe Herrera
• 2017-2019: Tracy K. Smith
• 2019-2022: Joy Harjo
• 2022-present: Ada Lim%C3%B3n
Special Consultants in Poetry
1999-2000 (for Library of Congress' 200th Anniversary) Rita Dove, Louise Glück, and W. S. Merwin
Electrical circuit
Electronic circuit
Electronic circuits usually use direct current sources. The load of an electronic circuit may be as simple as a few resistors, capacitors, and a lamp, all connected together to create the flash in a camera. Or an electronic circuit can be complicated, connecting thousands of resistors, capacitors, and transistors. It may be an integrated circuit such as the microprocessor in a computer.
Resistors and other circuit elements can be connected in series or in parallel. Resistance in series circuits is the sum of the resistance.
Circuit and wiring diagram
A circuit or wiring diagram is a visual display of an electrical circuit. Electrical and electronic circuits can be complicated. Making a drawing of the connections to all the component parts in the circuit's load makes it easier to understand how circuit components are connected. Drawings for electronic circuits are called "circuit diagrams". Drawings for electrical circuits are called "wiring diagrams". Like other diagrams, these diagrams are usually drawn by draftsmen, and then printed. Diagrams may also be created digitally using specialised software.
A schematic is a diagram of an electrical circuit. Schematics are graphical representations of the essential connections in a circuit, but they are not lifelike depictions of a circuit. Schematics use symbols to represent components in the circuit. Conventions are used in a schematic to represent the way electricity flows. The common convention we use is from the positive to the negative terminal. The realistic way electricity flows is from the negative to the positive terminal.
Circuit diagrams use special symbols. The symbols on the drawings show how components like resistors, capacitors, insulators, motors, outlet boxes, lights, switches, and other electrical and electronic components are connected together. The diagrams are a big help when workers try to find out why a circuit does not work correctly.
Circuit breakers
The current flowing in an electrical or electronic circuit can suddenly increase when a component part fails. This can cause serious damage to other components in the circuit, or create a fire hazard. To protect against this, a fuse or a device called a "circuit breaker" can be wired into a circuit. The circuit breaker will open, or "break", the circuit when the current in that circuit becomes too high, or the fuse will "blow". This gives protection.
Ground-fault-interrupt (G.F.I.) devices
The standard return for electrical and electronic circuits is the earth ground. When an electrical or electronic device fails, it may open the return circuit to the earth ground. The user of the device could become a part of the device's electrical circuit by providing a return path for the electrons through the user's body instead of the circuit's earth ground. When our body becomes part of an electrical circuit, the user can be seriously shocked, or even killed by electrocution.
To prevent the danger of electrical shock and the possibility of electrocution, ground fault interrupts devices detect open circuits to earth ground in attached electrical or electronic devices. When an open circuit to earth ground is detected, the G.F.I. device immediately opens the voltage source to the device. G.F.I. devices are similar to circuit breakers but are designed to protect humans rather than circuit components.
Poland
Literature
Jan Kochanowski was a leading poet of European Renaissance literature in the 16th century. Other great Polish poets include Adam Mickiewicz who wrote Pan Tadeusz epic in 1834.
Several Polish novelists have won the Nobel prize. Henryk Sienkiewicz won in 19 dramatized versions of famous events in Polish history. Władysław Reymont won a Nobel prize in 1924. He wrote the novel Chłopi. Two polish poets won Nobel prizes as well. One is Wisława Szymborska (1996) and the second Czesław Miłosz (1980).
Stanisław Lem is a famous science fiction author in the modern era. His Solaris novel was made twice into a feature film.
People
Today 38,038,000 people live in Poland (2011). In 2002 96.74% of the population call themselves Polish, while 471,500 people (1.23%) claimed another nationality. 774,900 people (2.03%) did not declare any nationality. Nationalities, or ethnic groups in Poland are Silesians, Germans (most in the former Opole Voivodeship), Ukrainians, Lithuanians, Russians, Jews and Belarusians. The Polish language is part of the West Slavic section of the Slavic languages. It is also the official language of Poland. English and German are the most common second languages studied and spoken.
In the past few years, Poland's population has gone down because of an increase in emigration and a sharp drop in the birth rate. In 2006, the census office estimated the total population of Poland at 38,536,869, a very small rise from the 2002 figure of 38,230,080. Since Poland's accession to the European Union, many Polish people have moved to work in Western European countries like the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. Some organizations state people have left because of high unemployment (10.5%) and better opportunities for work somewhere else. In April 2007, the Polish population of the United Kingdom had risen to about 300,000 people and estimates predict about 65,000 Polish people living in the Republic of Ireland. However, in recent years strong growth of the Polish economy and the increasing value of Polish currency (PLN) makes many Polish immigrants go back home. In 2007, the number of people leaving the country was lower than people who are coming back. Poland became an attractive place to work for people from other countries (mainly Ukraine).
A Polish minority is still present in neighboring countries of Ukraine, Belarus, and Lithuania, as well as in other countries. The largest number of ethnic Poles outside of the country can be found in the United States.
Urban demographics
The lists below show the population count of Poland's largest cities based on 2005 estimates.
Windsor Castle
Windsor Castle is a castle in Windsor, Berkshire, England. It is the largest inhabited castle in the world. Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom lived there for part of the year. The castle was built in the 11th century by William the Conqueror as a motte-and-bailey castle for the protection of England; it has been expanded and rebuilt many times. It was a military headquarters during the English Civil War. In 1992, there was a fire at the castle.
Windsor Castle is near the River Thames.
Sultan Rahi
Sultan Muhammad (generally recognized as Sultan Rahi) was born in a Muslim arain family of Saharanpur in 1938 Uttar Pradesh, British India. He was a famous Pakistani film actor who was well-known in Pakistan in Punjabi & Urdu films during the 1970s and 1980s till 1996. He was mostly admired among people in Punjab, Pakistan and among Sikh and Punjabi community of India.
Biography
He acted in over 700 Punjabi and Urdu films, and is named in the Guinness Book of Records as the most creative actor. His popular films include: Maula Jatt, Sher Khan, Chan Veryam, Dada, Qanoon, Kaley Chore, and The Godfather. He started his film career as an extra but quickly became a leading actor and in 1972.
Burly Pakistani actor Sultan Rahi specialized in playing superheroes and muscle men. Over his career, which began with his playing bit parts in the late '50s, Sultan appeared in more than 700 Punjabi films. He became a leading man in 1971 in Babul and a star the following year in Bashira. Born, Muhammad Sultan in India, Rahi moved to Pakistan at age nine.
Assassination
Rahi was shot dead on 9 January 1996 in Gujranwala, Pakistan.
Cádiz Cathedral
Cádiz Cathedral (Catedral de Cádiz, Catedral de Santa Cruz de Cádiz) is a Roman Catholic church in Cádiz, southern Spain, and the seat of the Diocese of Cadiz y Ceuta. It was built between 1722 and 1838. The cathedral was declared Bien de Interés Cultural in 1931.
OK Soda
OK Soda is a discontinued soft drink created by The Coca-Cola Company in 1993.
Jonathan Davis
Jonathan Howsmon Davis  (born January 18, 1971) is an American singer, songwriter, and music maker. He is also known as JD or JDevil. He is the singer for Korn. Korn is an American nu metal band. It is one of the first nu metal bands. Davis helped make Korn in 1993.
Davis has worked with many other music makers, such as Sepultura, Limp Bizkit, and Q-Tip. He has made many different types of music. Davis can play the guitar, drums, bagpipes, piano, clarinet, violin, and upright bass. He makes electronic music as JDevil.
1190
1190 (MCXC) was.
Baroque
The Baroque is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until the 1740s.
Peugeot 206
The Peugeot 206 is a car made by the French company Peugeot from 1998 to 2013 in Europe with production ongoing in some markets. The car came in 3 or 5-door hatchback models with a hard-top convertible version added in 2000 and an estate version added in 2002, in 2006 it was replaced by the 207 but the 206 stayed as a budget model, in 2009 a heavily facelifted version called the 206+ arrived although this wasn't sold in the UK.
Shimpei Sayama
Shimpei Sayama (born 4 May 1987) is a Japanese football player. He has played for Sagawa Express Chugoku.
Club career statistics
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Clifford Olson
Clifford Olson was a Canadian serial killer. He killed at least 11 kids and teenagers in British Columbia, in the late 1970s. He was convicted of the crime, and from to he 1980s, he spent his life in prison. In the 1990s and 2000s, requests for parole were denied. Olson died of cancer in 2011.
Masahiro Hamazaki
Masahiro Hamazaki (浜崎 昌弘) was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.