cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Emily Deschanel
Early life
Deschanel was born in Los Angeles, California. She is of French, Swiss, Dutch, Irish and English ancestry. She is the elder daughter of Caleb Deschanel and Mary Jo Deschanel (nee Weir). Her sister is actress Zooey Deschanel.
Middle Eastern and North African cinema
1970s - Decade of Turmoil
In Morocco, the film industry did not experience much growth. That is partly due to the fact that Moroccan film production was not nationalized so there was very little incentive to produce films, and partly because cinema did not seem to be that popular in Morocco. That led to many Moroccan films being very popular internationally but not in Morocco. Tunisian cinema did not grow much either, as the film industry was dominated by European and French productions. At a time more approximately 60% of all available films were European. In the same decade other countries were experiencing mass growth in their national film industries. In 1972, Egypt saw one of its greatest productions Watch Out for Zuzu (خلي بالك من زوزو) featuring one of the greatest Egyptian actresses, Souad Hosni. In the same year, Syria organized the first International Film Festival for Young Arab Cinema in Damascus, and the Yeşilçam production in Turkey reached an average of about 300 productions annually. Algeria also experienced growth in the 70s. In 1975 Mohammed Lakhdar-Hamina produced Chronicle of the Years of Ashes (وقائع سنن الخمر), a movie about resistance and the fight for independence in Algeria. Lakhdar won the Palme D'or at the Cannes Film Festival in 1975 for the production of that film. This movie was the most expensive Algerian production so far, and it popularized Algerian cinema internationally. In 1978, The Nubah of the Women of Mount Chenoua was the first Algerian film directed by a woman, Assia Djebar
Emily Deschanel
Personal life
Deschanel married David Hornsby in 2010. The couple's son was born in 2011.
Compact fluorescent lamp
A compact fluorescent lamp (CFL), is a type of lamp (or light bulb) designed to fit into the same space and usually also the same socket as an incandescent bulb, but with the advantages of a fluorescent lamp. Many CFLs can directly replace an existing incandescent lamp. They were invented late in the 20th century and much used after the turn of the century (after 2000).
Middle Eastern and North African cinema
1980s - National Film Industries and War
The 1980s inherited much turmoil from the previous decades. Lebanon was still going through Civil War (started 1976 - lasted 15 years), a new war breaks out between Iran and Iraq in 1980, Turkey went through a three year long dictatorship from 1980 to 1983, and in 1982 Israel invades the south of Lebanon. These developments were a major setback for the film industries of the countries, with the exception of Iranian cinema which welcomed a new style of films "sacred defence" as a response to the war with Iraq.
By the 1980s most film industries were well-established in their roles and functions for the general MENA film industry. For example, especially in the 80s, Lebanon plaid a significant role in the distribution of Egyptian films internationally due its colonial connections with France. These roles and functions also differed internally with Algeria and Syria providing funds to young native film-makers versus Morocco providing no resources to native film-makers and focusing all its funds to foreign documentaries. Even the countries that made efforts to nationalize their film industries were missing one main factor, money. It is clear that for many countries of the MENA region were fighting for survival and depend on foreign funding, to this day.
Blockland
Blockland is a multiplayer computer game made on the Torque Game Engine, where people make things using blocks. Blockland has around 35,500 players. People could build up to 128,000 bricks on every server to keep the game running best.
Middle Eastern and North African cinema
1980s - National Film Industries and War
During the 1980s Palestinian productions saw a decrease because of the ongoing conflict. Despite the harsh conditions that film producers and directors had to work under they still managed to produce few influential movies. One of them was a documentary-style film Children, Nonetheless (also known as Children, Nevertheless) which came out on the UN-declared year as Year of the Child and pointed out the discrepancy between the declaration and the living conditions of Palestinian children.
1990s - Fundamentalism and Conflict
The 1990s are marked by a new wave of Fundamentalism and Islamic Fundamentalism in the MENA region, as well as increased violent conflicts. These two main factors had some effect on the growth of national film industries. Egypt, previously known as one of the countries with the most vibrant and successful film industries, was now known for initiating a "witch-hunt" against artist, which of course includes actors/actresses, directors, and script writers. The peak of this era of "witch-hunts" in Egypt was in 1994 when Youssef Chahine, arguably the most important and successful Egyptian director, got sent to court for one of the movies he produced. That movie is called The Exiled (المهاجر) and Chahine was sent to court for it because it depicted the Prophet Joseph, which according to the religious rulings in Egypt and Islam was not allowed. Despite of the court ruling that the movie should be removed from movie theaters, it still remained one of the most popular and successful movies of Chahine. Despite the regime's response, in 1997 Chahine went on to create another very successful movie which challenged Islamic Fundamentalism, Destiny (المصير). However, not all countries had the same response to the rise in Islamic Fundamentalism. Tunisia is an example of such a country, which in 1994 saw the production of the film Beb El-Oued City, a film which demonstrated the consequences that Islamic and religious fundamentalism could have in the society. That movie made it to the Cannes Film Festival and won the International Critics' Prize by the F.I.P.R.E.S.C.I., as well as a lot of global recognition.
In 1990, Iraq invades Kuweit, and in 1991 the U.S.A. invades Iraq starting the Gulf War. Just a year later, in 1992, Algeria gets in a 10-year-long Civil War. These conflicts put a rough end, or long pause, to the film industries of these countries. Algerian cinema, once very successful in the MENA, crumbled with the cinema sector being privatized in 1993 and the government organization responsible for funding closing down by 1998.
Palestinian films kept getting produced at a steady pace, and got a boost when Rashid Masharawi established the Cinema Production and Distribution Center in Ramallah in 1996. In 1995 Khleifi produced what is considered to be one of the greatest Palestinian productions, Tale of the Three Jewels (حكاية الحواهر الثلاث). It was a successful movie internationally and it made a difference by not showing any violent scenes or scenes from war in general, but rather demonstrating the effects of the war on people, and children more specifically.
In 1990 the first privately-owned television channel opened in Turkey, with the name of Magic Box Inter Star 1. This was a first for the MENA region and it put an end to the Yeşilçam era of the Turkish film industry as many professionals started working for the TV now. However, in 1996 The Bandit (Eşkiya) is the first film to be released in the new cinema of Turkey, which managed to somewhat revive domestic film production.
Compact fluorescent lamp
The purchase price of a CFL is often much higher than an incandescent lamp of the same output, and the light from CFLs looks different to light from incandescent lamps. CFLs have a longer rated life and use less energy than an incandescent lamp of the same brightness. A CFL can save over US$30 in electricity costs over the lamp’s lifetime compared to an incandescent lamp.
Middle Eastern and North African cinema
1990s - Fundamentalism and Conflict
Iranian cinema flourished in the 1990s. In 1991 Rakshan Bani-Etemad becomes the first woman to receive the "Best Director" award at the Fajr Internation Film Festival in Iran. She won this award for her movie Nargess. Later, in 1997, Abbas Kiarostami won the Palme d'or at the Cannes Film Festival for the film Taste of Cherry. Also, a wider range of films are allowed to be released, because the rules for Iranian cinema become less strict.
Compact fluorescent lamp
As in other fluorescent lamps, electrified mercury vapor emits ultraviolet (UV) light. A phosphor converts it to visible light. The ballast prevents too much electricity from flowing through the tube. It is usually in the plastic base of the bulb. If the ballast is in the bulb, the bulb is called a self-ballasted lamp. Most are electronic ballasts.
Middle Eastern and North African cinema
2000s - Inspiration Through Struggle
In the 2000s, MENA cinema grew a lot as some directors started discussing certain taboo topics such as homosexuality and transsexuality. A film released in the year 2000, Room to rent (Khaled al-Haggar), is about an Egyptian man called Ali who is studying in London. He becomes friends with Mark, a gay photographer. This creates a fresh perspective on sexuality and socially prescribed sexual roles. The 2002 film Une minute de Soleil en moins, directed by Nabil Ayouch. It depicts a police inspector who starts a friendship with a transvestite. These are quite well-known examples, but other films that critique sexual repression of queer people more obviously did not reach such a wide audience. Examples are the Lebanese How much I love you by Akram Zaatari and Palestinian Tawfik Abu Wad's Diary of a Male Whore.
Compact fluorescent lamp
Lifespan
The average rated life of a CFL is 8 to 15 times longer that of incandescents. CFLs typically have a rated lifespan of 6,000 to 15,000 hours, whereas incandescent lamps are usually manufactured to have a lifespan of 750 hours or 1,000 hours.
Middle Eastern and North African cinema
2000s - Inspiration Through Struggle
Most national film industries grew in the 2000s, while others had a setback because of conflicts. In this decade, Egypt still dominated the Arab film scene as it had always done. However, it has also progressed a lot in the 21st century compared to the three decades beforehand. In the 70s, 80s and 90s cinema in the country was slowed down largely due to government film institutions being made private. Since then, more movies have been produced and have also improved in quality. In the year 2000, three Iranian movies won awards at International Film Festivals, The Apple by Samira Makhmalbaf, Djomeh by Hassan Yektepanah, and A Time for Drunken Horses by Bahman Qobadi. These movies became well-known and established Iranian cinema on the global stage. In 2004 the Palestinian Film Foundation (PFF) is created in the United Kingdom to organize Palestinian cinema in the UK. The Palestinian film Paradise Now directed by Hany Abu-Assad is released in 2005. This was the first Palestinian film allowed to enter in the United States Academy Awards. The non-governmental organization Shashat is founded in Ramallah, a Palestinian city in the West Bank. Its primary objective is to encourage women's filmmaking. Many young Palestinian women have joined the documentary filmmaking scene in the 2000s. Three important Palestinian documentary filmmakers are Rima Essa, Suha Arraf and May Oday. All of them work and live in Palestine. The dominant themes in modern Palestinian films are "Palestinian displacement, exile, diaspora and statelessness".
Compact fluorescent lamp
Lifespan
The lifetime of any lamp depends on many factors, including operating voltage, manufacturing defects, exposure to voltage spikes, mechanical shock, frequency of cycling on and off, lamp orientation, and ambient operating temperature. The life of a CFL is significantly shorter if it is turned on and off frequently. In the case of a 5-minute on/off cycle the lifespan of a CFL can be reduced to "close to that of incandescent light bulbs". The U.S. Energy Star program suggests that fluorescent lamps be left on when leaving a room for less than 15 minutes to avoid this problem. If the light must be switched on and off frequently, Cold cathode CFLs can be used. Cold cathode CFLs are designed for many more on/off cycles than standard CFLs.
Middle Eastern and North African cinema
2000s - Inspiration Through Struggle
In Turkey, domestic cinema brings in more money than international films in 2008. In fact, the top ten films in terms of profit are all national films. It is the first time for this to happen since the Yeşilçam years. In post-Yeşilçam Turkey, new themes have appeared in films. Examples are "novel interpretations of Turkification and of Turkey's relationship to digital technologies, globalization and transnationalism".
Compact fluorescent lamp
Mercury content and recycling
The mercury inside the tube is toxic and makes these bulbs hazardous waste. The bulbs must be taken to a recycling center after they stop working. Most CFLs contain an amount of mercury smaller than the tip of a ballpoint pen. During normal use, the mercury cannot escape, although it will escape if the bulb is broken. If a single bulb breaks, it is not usually a cause for concern. It is recommended to open windows to air out the room, and to clean up broken glass with duct tape instead of a vacuum cleaner.
Middle Eastern and North African cinema
2000s - Inspiration Through Struggle
A new country that has entered the (international)film industry in the Middle East is the United Arab Emirates(U.A.E.). Its first domestically produced film Dream was released in 2005 and directed by Hani Al-Shibani. It takes place in the desert, where a group of actors is moving around. An increasing amount of film festivals are taking place in the U.A.E., such as the Middle East International Film Festival, the Dubai International Film Festival, the Emirates Film Competition, and the Gulf Film Festival. The financial base and infrastructure to support filmmaking now exist in the Emirates, as well as film training schools.
Compact fluorescent lamp
Alternatives
High-intensity discharge bulbs such as sodium-vapor, mercury-vapor, and metal-halide lamps are used for lighting large areas, although like fluorescent lamps they contain mercury. Their main advantage is much higher light output.
Jalandhar
Jalandhar is a city in the state of Punjab in India.
Compact fluorescent lamp
Alternatives
Halogen bulbs with a halogen capsule inside a standard incandescent bulb housing contain no mercury. They use more energy than CFLs, but less than traditional incandescents.
LED bulbs are also becoming a popular alternative. They are also mercury-free, and use about the same amount of energy as CFLs.
Leon County, Florida
Leon County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida. It was formed on December 29, 1824. As of 2020, 292,198 people lived there. Leon County's seat is Tallahassee.
Zenon Grocholewski
Zenon Grocholewski (October 11, 1939 – July 17, 2020) was a Polish Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was elevated to the cardinalate in 2001. From 1999 until 2015, he ws Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education and Grand Chancellor of the Pontifical Gregorian University. He was born in Bródki, Poland.
Sonnet
A Sonnet (sonetto in Italian) is a type of poem. It is 14 lines long and is written in rhyme.
The sonnet first appeared in Italy during the Middle Ages and was widely used during the Renaissance. The first poet known for his sonnets is Giacomo da Lentini who lived in the 13th century. After him many poets started writing sonnets. Two notable ones are Dante Alighieri and Guido Cavalcanti. The Italian poet Petrarch was famous for his sonnets. He was very popular and many poets imitated his poems. Francisco de Sá de Miranda introduced the form into Portuguese literature. So did Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey in England. Even in distant Poland sonnets were written by Jan Kochanowski, Mikołaj Sęp Szarzyński and Sebastian Grabowiecki. It became common for poets to write sonnets in connected series, called "sonnet sequences," to tell a story, often one about a love affair. Michelangelo, a famous sculptor and painter wrote sonnets, too. He exchanged them with Vittoria Colonna. Poets in other countries quickly adopted the sonnet and sonnet sequence. William Shakespeare wrote the most famous sonnets in English literature, though other poets of his time, such as Ben Jonson, Edmund Spenser, Michael Drayton, and Samuel Daniel, wrote sonnet sequences also.
Later English poets like John Donne, John Milton, William Wordsworth, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and John Keats wrote sonnets that are still admired and studied today. In United States Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and Emma Lazarus wrote sonnets. The rigid rhyme scheme of the sonnet went out of fashion during the twentieth century, but a few modern poets still write them sometimes. Edna St. Vincent Millay was one modern poet writing in English who often worked in the sonnet form. Modern poets have often changed the traditional rhythms and rhyme patterns of the sonnet, sometimes radically.
In a traditional "English" or "Shakespearean" sonnet, the first twelve lines are divided into three groups ("stanzas") of four lines each, called "quatrains". The last two lines usually rhyme, and make up a "rhymed couplet" that concludes the poem by summing up the story told in the previous quatrains. In the traditional "Italian" or "Petrarchan" sonnet, the poem divides into a group of eight lines ("octave") followed by a group of six lines ("sestet").
The letters of the alphabet are used to show the pattern of rhyme, or "rhyme scheme," in the 14 lines in a sonnet. The rhyme scheme
is the typical pattern of an "English" sonnet. The rhyme scheme
Sonnets can be linked together into a crown of sonnets. In such a sequence, the last line of the first sonnet repeats as the first line of the second one, and sometimes these lines make up another sonnet. Slovenian poet France Prešeren is best remembered for his Wreath of Sonnets, an example of a crown of sonnets.
San Fernando, Chile
San Fernando (in Saint Ferdinand) is the capital of the province of Colchagua, in the central zone (central part) of Chile. San Fernando is the second most populated urban center of the Region of O'Higgins. It is located near to the Tinguiririca River, in the valley of Colchagua, San Fernando is 1,112 feet (339 m) above the level of the se. San Fernando was founded in 1742, and became the provincial capital in 1840.
Demography
According to the census of 2002, by the National Statistics Institute, San Fernando covers an area of 2,441.3 square kilometers, and has 63,732 inhabitants (31,157 men and 32,575 women).
Mohave County, Arizona
Mohave County is in the northwestern corner of the U.S. state of Arizona. As of the 2020 census, the population was 213,267. The county seat is Kingman, and largest city is Lake Havasu City.
Smoky Hill River
The Smoky Hill River is a 575 mi river in the central Great Plains of North America. It goes through the U.S. states of Colorado and Kansas.
Name
The river gets its name from the Smoky Hills area in the Great Plains.
Dan Bouchard
Daniel Hector Bouchard  (born December 12, 1950, in Val-d'Or, Quebec) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender. He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Atlanta Flames, Calgary Flames, Quebec Nordiques, and Winnipeg Jets.
List of Austrian football champions
The Austrian football champions are the winners of the highest league of football in Austria. Since the 1974-75 season the Austrian Football Bundesliga runs the competition.
Crystal Bernard
Crystal Bernard (born September 30, 1961) is an American sitcom actress. She also does other television acting. She is best known for her role in the NBC sitcom Wings.
The Edge of Glory
"The Edge of Glory" is a song by American pop singer Lady Gaga from her third album Born This Way. It was released as the third single from the album on May 9, 2011.
The song peaked at number 3 in the US and Canada, number 2 in Australia, and number 6 in the UK. The RIAA certified the song triple-Platinum on February 29, 2016, for sales and shipments of 3 million copies in the United States alone.
Music video
Gaga is shown on a fire escape of an apartment building in New York City. Clarence Clemons, who played the saxophone for American singer Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band, is seen playing the instrument throughout the video. Shortly after appearing in the video, Clemons died from a stroke.
The video was supposed to show Gaga under the sea but was canceled due to creative disagreements.
Liberty County, Florida
Liberty County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida. It was formed on December 29, 1824. As of 2020, 7,974 people lived there. Liberty County's seat is Bristol.
Time of Taiga Snowdrop
Time of Taiga Snowdrop (Пора таёжного подснежника) is a 1958 Soviet drama movie directed by Yaropolk Lapshin. It stars Valentina Dagbayeva, Buda Vampilov, and Mariya Stepanova.
Alexandre Bordes
Alexandre Bordes (1860-1943) was a French shipowner and senior civil servant, member of the shipping company that bears his name.
Biography
Alexandre Louis Barthélemy Bordes was born on December 7, 1860 in Valparaíso, Chile, where his father Antoine-Dominique was a shipowner. In 1878, he was associated with his brothers in the company, which was transformed in 1883 into the Ant. Dom. Bordes and sons, then MM. Bordes company. On the death of his older brother Adolphe, he headed the Compagnie française d'armament de d'importation de nitrate de soda, which succeeded the company MM. Bordes.
He dies on September 9, 1943 in Paris, at the age of 59. Owner of the Nellcote villa, he is in particular the creator of his tropical park.
The award for the Sailing Club's cruise races in Villefranche-sur-Mer bears his name since 1928 : Alexandre Bordes Prize.
Thurey-le-Mont
Thurey-le-Mont is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.
Gilles de Rais
Gilles de Rais (1405 ?–26 October 1440) was a Marshal of France, Joan of Arc's comrade in arms, and a murderer. He was the son of Guy de Laval/Rais and Marie de Craon. He became rich when a relative died. He was made a Marshal of France in 1429. He spent much of his money putting on a play that he wrote. He dabbled in alchemy. His criminal career began in 1434. In 1440, he was arrested, tried, and hanged. De Rais may have killed 140 people. Most of his victims were young boys. He may have been the inspiration for the 1697 fairy tale "Bluebeard" by Charles Perrault.
British Rail Class 47
The British Rail Class 47 (Originally Brush Type 4) is a class of British railway diesel-electric locomotive that was developed in the 1960s by Brush Traction. A total of 512 Class 47s were built at Crewe Works and Brush's Falcon Works, Loughborough between 1962 and 1968, which made them the most numerous class of British mainline diesel locomotive.
They were fitted with the Sulzer 12LDA28C twelve-cylinder diesel engine producing 2750 bhp (later derated to 2580 bhp to improve reliability), and have been used on both passenger and freight trains on Britain's railways for over 40 years. Despite the introduction of more modern types of traction, as of 2008 a significant number are still in use, both on the mainline and on heritage railways. As of December 2008, 103 locomotives still exist, with 29 working on the mainline.
The Man Who Saved The World
The Man Who Saved The World or Dünyayı Kurtaran Adam, also known as Turkish Star Wars is a 1982 Turkish action-adventure science fiction mockbuster movie based on Star Wars. It was directed by Çetin İnanç, produced by the company Anıt Ticaret and stars Cüneyt Arkın who wrote the screenplay. It features stock footage from Star Wars and music soundtrack from movies like Raiders of the Lost Ark. It is considered one of the worst movies of all time, and because of this, it has become a cult movie not only in Turkey, but internationally as well.
Plot
Set in outer space and on a fictional planet, two pilots named Murat and Ali must find the evil tyrant Wizard and stop him from tyrannizing and enslaving the people and from destroying planets.
PL Kyodan
PL Kyodan or the Church of Perfect Liberty is an international religion that developed from the Zen Buddhist culture of Japan early in the 20th century. PL teaches that "Life is art." Humans have been born to express their own unique individuality in everything they do - "creating true art".
To assist them in improving their lives and overcoming hardships believers are taught why they have these problems and are guided in solving them by the Patriarch (Oshieoya-sama) and ministers.
PL does not have a holy book (like a Bible), however, they have PL 21 Precepts and the PL 21 Principles which were revealed by the Founders of the Church.
President of Singapore
The president's official residence and office is the Istana. However, no presidents since Yusof bin Ishak (1965–1970) have lived there. The current president, Halimah Yacob, had wanted to stay in the HDB flat at Yishun, but if she fails to comply with the security requirements, she will have to move out. She is also the first female President of Singapore and first Malay head of state in 47 years since the death of Mr Yusof bin Ishak who was Singapore's first president.
Tarzan II
Tarzan II (also known as Tarzan 2 and Tarzan II: The Legend Begins) is a direct-to-video midquel to the 1999 Disney animated movie Tarzan, released on June 14, 2005. The movie tells the story of a young Tarzan's adventure to discover who he really is. It features two new songs from Phil Collins and takes place during the song "Son of Man" from the first movie. It is the last film in the chronology of Walt Disney's version of Tarzan.
The Story of Mankind
The Story of Mankind is a nonfiction book that was first published in 1921. It was the first book that ever won the Newbery Medal. It won the Newbery Medal in 1922.
The Story of Mankind tells how people have lived and what things people have done that made a big change in the world. It starts with cave men. It tells about many different people. The last people it tells about are the people that lived when Hendrik Willem van Loon was writing the book. That was just after World War I. At that time, lots of people wanted to make it so that there would never be another war. Hendrik Willem van Loon thought that if he taught children about history, they would not want to fight wars when they grew up.
Movie
In 1957 the Marx Brothers made a movie of The Story of Mankind. It starred Ronald Colman. Lots of other movie stars were also in the movie. The movie is also called The Story of Mankind.
PL Kyodan
PL presents each year in the Japanese headquarters the world' biggest firework. The baseball group of PL High School is very famous in Japan, often they win the national championship.
History
The movement was founded by the Rev. Tokuharu Miki (1871-1938), who was a Zen Buddhist priest of the Obaku Sect. He is referred to as the First Founder by adherents.
In 1912 he met the Rev. Tokumitsu Kanada, who instantly cured his chronic asthma by a sacred ritual. He asked Kanada to teach him this ritual so he could cure disease, and became his disciple.
Before his death, Kanada told Tokuharu that his Tokumitsu Church had 18 Precepts, but there were three more which were to be revealed to complete the teachings. Five years later, the three precepts were revealed, and he established the new Tokumitsu Church in 1924 and became the First Kyoso (Oshieoya, Founder). In 1931, the name was changed to the Hitonomichi Church, meaning "the way of humans."
The Church spread rapidly throughout Japan, Korea, China and to other Southeast Asia countries and its members numbered one million in a short period of time. In 1936 however, the Church was suppressed by the military government and ordered to disband. On July 6, 1938, the Rev. Tokuharu Miki died.
The Second Founder, the Rev. Tokuchika Miki (1900-1983), succeeded his father. He was also imprisoned, but was released in 1945. At Tosu City in Saga Prefecture, on September 29, 1946, Tokuchika Miki reestablished the Hitonomichi Church, but under the new name of the Church of Perfect Liberty, declaring the truth, "Life is Art."
On September 29, 1947, he revealed the PL 21 Precepts, the basic teachings of PL. The Church expanded rapidly all over Japan and in 1953, construction began on the present Headquarters in Tondabayashi, on the edge of Osaka. Tokuchika Miki organized the "Federation of New Religious Organizations of Japan" and chaired it for many years. He visited Pope Paul VI and Pope John Paul II to discuss world peace. He died in 1983.
The Third Founder, the Rev. Takahito Miki (b. 1957), the adopted son of the Second Founder, succeeded to the divine position of Oshieoya in 1983. He has since visited over 700 PL churches throughout the world. Miki is also the vice president of Shinshuren, Federation of New Religious Organizations of Japan.
Chihuahua (dog)
A chihuahua is a very small kind of dog and is bred to be a pet.
Appearance
They can reach a height of 6-9 inches (12.7–20.3 cm) and a weight of 2–6 pounds (0.9–2.7 kg). Chihuahuas can have a long or short coat, and come in many different colors. They only need grooming once a week if short coat or it may be twice if you have a long coat.
Origins
The Chihuahua's start goes back to Mexico as the descendants of the Techichi, a short haired and silent dog. The Techichi was liked by the Toltec people, one of the indigenous (original) people of Mexico. Chihuahuas are believed to have been made by breeding the Techichi and Chinese Crested Dogs (a type of small hairless dog) to form today's Chihuahuas.
Another possible start for Chihuahuas was the breeding of Techichis with Phalène terriers, which were well liked at the time and were known for their small body and black and tan colors. Mating with another type of dog increased the loudness of the Techichi's bark while making it smaller.
Chihuahuas were named after the Chihuahua state in Mexico. The word Chihuahua comes from the Na'huatl word "xicuagua", which means "sandy, dry place".
Adrian Lamo
Adrian Lamo (February 20, 1981 – March 14, 2018) was an American threat analyst and hacker. Lamo was known for breaking into several high-profile computer networks, including those of The New York Times, Yahoo!, and Microsoft, culminating in his 2003 arrest.
Salisbury, North Carolina
Salisbury is a city in the Piedmont region of North Carolina. It has been the county seat of Rowan County since 1753. The population was 33,663 in the 2010 Census.
Adrian Lamo
In 2010, Lamo reported U.S. soldier Chelsea Manning to Army criminal investigators, claiming that Manning had leaked hundreds of thousands of sensitive U.S. government documents to WikiLeaks.
Intelligence quotient
An intelligence quotient (acronym: IQ) is a number. This number is the score (result) of a standard test to measure intelligence. There are several different tests designed to measure the intelligence of a person. Measuring intelligence in any way is an idea developed by British scientist Francis Galton in the book Hereditary genius published in the late 19th century.
Bob Smith (New Hampshire politician)
Robert Clinton Smith (born March 30, 1941) is an American politician. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives for New Hampshire's 1st congressional district from 1985 to 1990 and the state of New Hampshire in the United States Senate from 1990 to 2003.
Smith unsuccessfully ran for the Republican nomination for President in 2000 election. He later ran as an Independent.
Smith ran for re-election in 2002 but lost the Republican primary to Congressman John E. Sununu, who won the general election.
Intelligence quotient
One modern IQ test is the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. It says where the subject's score is on the Gaussian bell. The bell curve used has a center value of 100 and a standard deviation of 15; other tests may have different standard deviations.
IQ scores can tell some things about a person, as well as intelligence. This is because intelligence is linked to other aspects of life. "All the cognitive tests completed in 1983 predicted onset of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease up to 11 years later". They can predict the social status of the parents, and the parents' IQ.
There is still disagreement about to what extent IQ is inherited. People still disagree about how much of a person's IQ comes from his parents and how much depends on his environment (what his home is like).
IQ scores are used in various ways:
Bob Smith (New Hampshire politician)
In 2016, he worked for the presidential campaign of Ted Cruz.
Intelligence quotient
The average IQ scores for many populations have been rising about three points per decade since the early 20th century. Most of the increase is in the lower half of the IQ range. This is called the Flynn effect. People who study it disagree whether these changes in scores are really happening, or it they mean that there were mistakes in how people were tested in the past.
There are associations of people who have scored high on IQ tests, such as Mensa International.
General factor (g)
There are many different kinds of intelligence tests that use many methods. Some kinds of tests are
The different tests are strongly correlated with each other. Psychologist Charles Spearman in 1904 first studied how the scores from different kinds of intelligence tests are related to each other. He did factor analysis of correlations between the tests, and found a single common factor explained the positive correlations among tests.
Spearman found that if a person got a high (or low) score on one kind of test, he probably (but not always) would get a similar score on the other kinds of tests. Because of this, he said that a person's intelligence could be described with one number. He called this number g (for general factor). Tests that use abstract reasoning are usually the best to tell what the scores on the other kinds of tests probably will be. Because of that, Spearman thought that a person's abstract reasoning ability (how good he was at solving puzzles or problems) was what other kinds of intelligence are based on.
Therefore, the number g is what an IQ test is supposed to measure. One of the most commonly used measures of g is Raven's Progressive Matrices, which is a test of visual reasoning.
The war years in the United States
During World War I, the military needed a way to test recruits and decide what kind of job they could do best. They used IQ tests.
The testing generated controversy and much public debate. Nonverbal or "performance" tests were developed for those who could not speak English or were suspected of malingering. After the war, positive publicity on army psychological testing helped to make psychology a respected field. Afterwards, there was an increase in jobs and funding in psychology in the United States. Group intelligence tests were developed and became widely used in schools and industry.
Tactical victory
A tactical victory happens when the winning side in a battle loses fewer troops than the other side.
Intelligence quotient
Criticisms of IQ tests
There are a number of problems with intelligence quotients. They relate to different fields of the subject. The problems can be grouped:
Test does not measure intelligence
Alfred Binet, a French psychologist (who designed one of the first tests in 1905) had this opinion. He used the test to see which pupils would need special help with the school curriculum because of intellectual disability. He believed that the test scales were not able to measure intelligence: "The scale, properly speaking, does not permit the measure of intelligence, because intellectual qualities are not superposable, and therefore cannot be measured as linear surfaces are measured."
He argued that with good education programs, most students could catch up and perform quite well in school. This was independent of the background of the pupil. He did not believe that intelligence was a measurable fixed entity.
Some dispute psychometrics entirely. Paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould argued that intelligence tests were based on faulty assumptions and showed their history of being used as the basis for scientific racism. In his opinion, the general intelligence factor g (which these tests measure), is simply a mathematical artifact. "…the abstraction of intelligence as a single entity, its location within the brain, its quantification as one number for each individual, and the use of these numbers to rank people in a single series of worthiness, invariably to find that oppressed and disadvantaged groups—races, classes, or sexes—are innately inferior and deserve their status.(pp. 24–25)"
However, as explained above, IQ tests were highly successful in assessing recruits during wartime. Therefore, it must be true that they are measuring a relevant mental capability. Therefore, IQs are not simply a mathematical fiction: they relate to the ability of individuals to perform certain functions. Even if experts do not agree on a definition of intelligence, that does not disprove the usefulness (or otherwise) of the tests. In every day life people do notice the relative intelligence of others. The issue is central to human nature and evolutionary psychology, because humans evolved the characteristics which helped them survive and reproduce.
Tests are biased
The American Psychological Association's report Intelligence: knowns and unknowns states that IQ tests as predictors of social achievement are not biased against people of African descent. They predict future performance, such as school achievement, similarly to the way they predict future performance for European descent.
However, IQ tests may well be biased when used in other situations. A 2005 study stated that "differential validity in prediction suggests that the WAIS-R test may contain cultural influences that reduce the validity of the WAIS-R as a measure of cognitive ability for Mexican American students", indicating a weaker positive correlation relative to sampled white students. Other recent studies have questioned the culture-fairness of IQ tests when used in South Africa. Standard intelligence tests, such as the Stanford-Binet test, are often inappropriate for children with autism and dyslexia; the alternative of using developmental or adaptive skills measures are relatively poor measures of intelligence in autistic children, and have resulted in incorrect claims that a majority of children with autism are intellectually impaired.
Claimed low intelligence has historically been used to justify the feudal system and unequal treatment of women. In contrast, others claim that the refusal of "high-IQ elites" to take IQ seriously as a cause of inequality is itself immoral.
American Psychological Association
The American Psychological Association's Board of Scientific Affairs established a task force in 1995 to write a consensus statement on the state of intelligence research which could be used by all sides as a basis for discussion. The full text of the report is available through several websites.
In this paper the representatives of the association regret that IQ-related works are frequently written with a view to their political consequences: "research findings were often assessed not so much on their merits or their scientific standing as on their supposed political implications".
The task force concluded that IQ scores do have high predictive validity for individual differences in school achievement. They confirm the predictive validity of IQ for adult occupational status, even when variables such as education and family background have been statistically controlled. They found that individual differences in intelligence are substantially influenced by genetics. Both genes and environment, in complex interplay, are essential to the development of intellectual competence.
They state there is little evidence to show that childhood diet influences intelligence except in cases of severe malnutrition. The task force agrees that large differences do exist between the average IQ scores of blacks and whites, and that these differences cannot be attributed to biases in test construction. The task force suggests that explanations based on social status and cultural differences are possible, and that environmental factors have raised mean test scores in many populations.
The APA journal that published the statement, American Psychologist, later published responses in January 1997. Several of these argued that the report failed to examine adequately the evidence for partly-genetic explanations.
Adlai Stevenson IV
Personal life
Stevenson's son, Adlai Ewing Stevenson V, was born in 1994. Stevenson was ambivalent about passing on his name, having joked that he would be "Adlai the Last". He later recounted that "when my own kid was about to be born...the big debate began—were we going to continue this name thing? I was basically against it, needless to say fully aware of how being named Adlai E. Stevenson can be a Boy-Named-Sue-like albatross. But my dad and my wife felt strongly this was something we should do."
Flen
Flen is an urban area in the county of Örebro in Sweden. It is the seat of Flen Municipality.
Other things which made Flen famous is "Violen från Flen", a song written by Ulf Peder Olrog in the 1940s. The town also plays an important role in "Du ringde från Flen", 1992 dansband song by Grönwalls. The town is also mentioned in the Kent songs "Flen/Paris" on the 2005 EP "The Hjärta & Smärta EP" and "Ensam lång väg hem" on the 2010 album "En plats i solen".
Hälleforsnäs
Hälleforsnäs is an urban area in the county of Södermanland in Sweden. It is located within the municipality of Flen.
Stanley Cavell
Stanley Louis Cavell (September 1, 1926 – June 19, 2018) was an American philosopher. He was the Walter M. Cabot Professor of Aesthetics and the General Theory of Value, Emeritus, at Harvard University. He worked in the fields of ethics, aesthetics, and ordinary language philosophy.
His influential works were on Wittgenstein, Austin, Emerson, Thoreau, and Heidegger. His work is seen and known by its conversational tone and many literary references.
Cavell died in Boston, Massachusetts of heart failure on June 19, 2018 at the age of 91.
Laurent Blanc
Laurent Blanc (born 19 November 1965) is a former French football player. He has played for France national team.
Club career statistics
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Simon Rattle
Sir Simon Denis Rattle CBE, (born Liverpool, 19 January 1955) is an English conductor. He became internationally famous as the conductor of the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra which he made into a world-class orchestra. Since 1999 he has been the conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic.
Laurent Blanc
International career statistics
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Simon Rattle
Early years
Rattle was born in Liverpool and studied at Liverpool College. He learned to play the piano and the violin. He started to play in orchestras, but as a percussionist. He went to study at the Royal Academy of Music in London in 1971. Three years later he won the John Player Conductor Competition. He organised and conducted a performance of Mahler's Second Symphony whilst still at the Academy. He spent a year studying English Language and literature at St Anne's College, Oxford.
Career in the UK
In 1974, he was made assistant conductor of the Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra, and in 1977 assistant conductor of the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic.
He spent 18 years as conductor of the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra (CBSO), from 1980 to 1998. During this time he made the orchestra into one of the best European orchestras. The orchestra used to give their concerts at the Town Hall in Birmingham, but a new concert hall, the Symphony Hall, was opened in 1991. The BBC made a film about Rattle and the CBSO during his last year with the orchestra. It was called: Simon Rattle — Moving On.
In May 2006 he was made an Honorary Member of the Society of Arts.
Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra
The first time Rattle conducted the Berlin Philharmonic (BPO) was in 1987 when he gave a performance of Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 6. In 1999 Rattle was made chief conductor of the orchestra when Claudio Abbado left. Before he agreed to take the job he insisted on making some changes to make sure that all the orchestral members were paid fairly and that the orchestra could make its own decisions instead of having to do what the Berlin Senate told them.
Before he left England he said some very critical things about the British attitude to culture, especially to music. He thought that not enough money was being spent on the arts and that the politicians were not interested in music.
He gave his first concert as principal conductor of the BPO on 7 September 2002, leading performances of Thomas Adès' Asyla and Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 5. He has done many new things since working in Berlin. He has continued to conduct the music of many living British composers. He has formed an educational programme so that young people in Berlin get used to hearing classical music. Some people have criticised what Rattle has done in Berlin, but many people support him.
Rattle was originally going to stay with the BPO until 2012, but in April 2008 the players decided they want him to stay until 2020
Conducting in North America
Rattle has toured to many countries during his career. He has conducted in North America. In 1979 he conducted the Los Angeles Philharmonic (LAP) and was their Principal Guest Conductor from 1981–1994. He also guest-conducted the Cleveland Orchestra, Chicago Symphony Orchestra, San Francisco Symphony, Toronto Symphony Orchestra, and Boston Symphony Orchestra.
In 1993, Rattle conducted the Philadelphia Orchestra. They wanted him to be their chief conductor, but Rattle could not take on the job. Instead, he often performs as their guest conductor.
Musical styles and recordings
Rattle has conducted lots of different music, sometimes old music with period instruments, sometimes music by living composers. He is very well known for his performances of Mahler. He has won many awards for his recordings.
Personal life
Rattle has been married three times. He is a fan of Liverpool F.C.