cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle
History
When the United States joined World War I, they did not have very good machine guns. One reason for this was because there was no military doctrine for their use. The U.S. declared war on Germany on 6 April 1917. At this time, the commanders were told that the U.S. only had 670 M1909 Benet-Mercies, 282 M1904 Maxims and 158 Colts, M1895 to fight the war. After a lot of arguments, they decided that the U.S. would have to build up more American weapons. However, until then, U.S. soldiers would have to take what the French and British could give them. The machine guns given to the U.S. by the French were often not very good. They also fired different cartridges from what the U.S. soldiers usually used. This meant that soldiers and machine gunners had to be given different kinds of cartridge.
Development
In 1917, before the United States joined the First World War, John Browning brought two weapons to Washington, D.C. These were: a water-cooled machine gun (later named the M1917 Browning machine gun) and an automatic rifle. Back then, this automatic rifle was called the Browning Machine Rifle or BMR. Both of these weapons fired the standard U.S. cartridge. John Browning had set up a demonstration of the weapons at Congress Heights. Congress Heights is just outside of Washington D.C. On 27 February 1917, Browning tested the automatic rifle in front of 300 people. The crowd was so impressed that he was immediately given a contract for the weapon. It was quickly brought into service. The water-cooled machine gun was tested further.
More tests were done for U.S. Army weapon officers at Springfield Armory in May 1917. Both weapons were recommended to be brought into service immediately. So that the BAR was not confused with the M1917 machine gun, it was officially named the M1918 or Rifle, Caliber .30, Automatic, Browning, M1918. On 16 July 1917, 12,000 BARs were ordered from Colt's Patent Firearms Manufacturing Company. They were allowed to make the BAR under Browning's patents (Browning's patent 1293022 was owned by Colt). However, Colt was already making as many weapons as they could (as they were making the Vickers machine gun for the British Army). They asked for the military to wait a while, as they were opening a new factory in Meriden, Connecticut. Because of how much the weapon was needed, the request was turned down. The Winchester Repeating Arms Company (WRAC) would make the weapons instead. Winchester also helped out with the BAR's final design.
Making of the M1918
Since work on the gun did not begin until February 1918, Winchester was hurrying to make many BARs. They were in such a rush that the first 1,800 guns were delivered with things wrong. The contract with Winchester said that they had to make 25,000 BARs. Winchester were making many BARs by June 1918. By July, they were making 9,000 guns a month.
Colt and Marlin-Rockwell Corp. also began making BARs just after Winchester started making a lot of them. Marlin-Rockwell had a contract to make BARs for the Belgian government. They bought the Mayo Radiator Co.'s factory. They only used it to make the BAR. The first BAR from Marlin-Rockwell was delivered on 11 June 1918. The company eventually started making 200 BARs per day. Colt had only made 9,000 BARs when the armistice was signed. This was because they were busy with other orders. Together, the three companies made 706 BARs every day. Around 52,000 BARs were delivered by all companies by the end of WWI. Between 1918 and 1919, 102,125 BARs were made. Colt made 16,000, Winchester made 47,123 and Marlin-Rockwell made 39,002 BARs.
By July 1918, the BAR had arrived in France. The first unit to get BARs was the U.S. Army's 79th Infantry Division. The division used them for the first time on 13 September 1918. Even though it was brought in very late in the war, the BAR made a large effect. It was used a lot during the Meuse-Argonne Offensive. The other Allies were impressed by the BAR. France asked for 15,000 BARs to replace their Chauchat.
Design
The M1918 is a selective fire automatic rifle. It fires from an open bolt.
The weapon's barrel can not be removed quickly. The M1918 gets its ammunition from a 20-round box magazine. 40-round magazines were also used to shoot down aircraft. However, these stopped being used in 1927. Not many bayonets for the BAR were made. Because of this, they are very rare.
Because the M1918 was supposed to be used as a support weapon, it did not have a place to put a bayonet. No bayonets were ever used on a BAR. Winchester did make one BAR with a place to put a bayonet, but it was only for testing.
Different types of M1918
During its long time in service, the M1918 was developed further and further. It was upgraded many times. The first big try at making the M1918 better made the M1922 light machine gun. The M1922 was taken into service with the United States Cavalry in 1922. The weapon used a new type of barrel. It also had a bipod with spikes on the end. The handguard was also changed.
In 1931, the Colt Arms Co. made the Colt Monitor Automatic Machine Rifle (R 80). This was mostly meant to be used by prison guards and the police. The Colt Monitor did not have a bipod. The Colt Monitor weighed around 16 lb. 3 oz. without any ammunition in it. It had a rate of fire of around 500 rpm. Around 125 Colt Monitor automatic rifles were made. 90 of these were bought by the FBI. Eleven rifles went to the U.S. Treasury Department in 1934. The rest went to many prisons, banks, security companies and police departments.
Final development of the M1918A2 started on 30 June 1938. The M1918A2's buttstock (the part of the gun which sticks out at the back) is about one inch longer than the M1918 BAR buttstock. Late in the war, a handle was put onto the barrel to carry the weapon around.
Because the companies did not have a lot of money, the first M1918A2s were just older M1918 BARs that were changed. A small amount M1922s and M1918A1s were also changed. After WWII started, it was tried to make more M1918A2s. However, the World War I tools used to make the M1918 were either worn out or could not be used with modern machines. In 1942, there was not enough wood to make the buttstocks, so a black plastic buttstock was made for the BAR. Firestone Rubber and Latex Products Company made the plastic buttstock for the U.S. Army. This was brought into service on March 21, 1942.
Other models
In 2008, one company made a modern, semi-automatic version of the Browning Automatic Rifle. This was called the 1918A3 SLR ("self-loading rifle").
Civilian use
When the war ended, Colt Arms Co. were given the Browning patents to make the BAR that was not given out during the war. This allowed Colt to make the BAR for sale to civilians. This BAR was called the Colt Automatic Machine Rifle Model 1919. It was first made up of M1918s from the contract with the military which were not delivered. It was one of several Colt BARs. However, the weapon had a high price. It was also not very useful to civilians. Because of this, it did not sell much. Ad Topperwien was a famous shooter of the early 1920s. He bought one of the first Colt BARs to shoot things out of the sky. When the National Firearms Act of 1934 was passed, civilian BARs were restricted. Machine guns for U.S. civilians were banned in 1968. Also, making machine guns for U.S. civilians was banned in 1986.
Criminal and police use
Clyde Barrow, a gangster, liked the army's M1918. He got his BARs by robbing the Army National Guard. Barrow taught his girlfriend Bonnie Parker to fire the M1918 as well.
Freestyle Script
Freestyle Script is a cursive font designed by Martin Wait in 1981. Bold version of Freestyle Script was designed in 1986. Publishers of Freestyle Script are Adobe, ITC and Letraset. It has the few versions: Regular, Bold, SH Reg Alt, and SB Reg Alt.
M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle
Criminal and police use
It has sometimes been said that the M1918 or M1918A2 BAR was used by Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA) members in a shootout with Los Angeles police. This happened on 17 May 1974. However, no SLA members ever used such a weapon. This confusion happened because Browning decided to call its semi-automatic hunting rifle the Browning BAR. The SLA changed a Browning BAR hunting rifle to automatic fire. It was this weapon that was used in the shootout.
World War I
When it first came into service, the M1918 was supposed to be fired from the shoulder. It was meant to be a rifle that could give both semi-automatic and fully automatic fire. The M1918 was first given out in September 1918.
As well as being fired from the shoulder, M1918 gunners were given a belt which had pouches on it for the magazines. They were also given a sidearm.
In between World War I and World War II
In between World War I and World War II, the M1918 was given to all U.S. naval landing forces. The weapon could be found on board most U.S. ships. Each BAR had a spare barrel. Big ships often had over 200 BARs on board. Many of the U.S. Navy BARs were still used until the 1960s.
Valentín Paz-Andrade
Valentín Paz-Andrade (b. Pontevedra, 23 April 1898-d. Vigo, 19 May 1987) was a Galician lawyer, writer, politician, journalist, poet, businesspeople and economist.
Christopher Mayer
Christopher Mayer (born George Charles Mayer III; February 21, 1954 – July 23, 2011), also known as Chip Mayer, was an American actor. He was best known for playing Vance Duke on The Dukes of Hazzard for 19 episodes during season 5.
Mayer was found dead in his Los Angeles home in Sherman Oaks on July 23, 2011 at the age of 57.
Bill Shankly
Bill Shankly (2 September 1913 – 29 September 1981) is a former football player. He has played for Scotland national team.
He was brought up in the mining village of Glenbuck. His dad was a miner, but Bill would not go down the mine so he went to football training instead. Glenbuck Cherrypickers were the start of his playing job. He then went to Scotland for a year (1938–1939). After that he went to Preston North End.
Bill played for Preston until the Second World War started. During the war he served in the army and met his wife Ness. After the war he was manager of Carlisle, Workington and Grimsby. He became assistant manager of Huddersfield Town but left in 1959 to manage Liverpool. He won lots of cups at Anfield. He was much loved by the Liverpool fans. He left in 1974 but afterwards wished he hadn't.
Voroshilovsk
Voroshilovsk may refer to:
Platymantis dorsalis
Dumeril's wrinkled ground frog, Meyer's wrinkled ground frog, or the common forest frog (Platymantis dorsalis) is a frog. It lives in the Philippines.
Richard Wright (footballer)
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Club career statistics
377||0||24||0||41||0||4||0||446||0 377||0||24||0||41||0||4||0||446||0
International career statistics
!Total||2||0
Spaghetti Western
Spaghetti Westerns were a name given to low-budget Western movies, which were made by Italian movie companies in the late 1960s. They were different from the American western movies, usually filmed in Italian, had limited budgets, filmed on location in Spain and Italy with minimal sets, and many close-ups and artistic shots. Perhaps the most well-known of these movies is "The Man with No Name" trilogy: A Fistful of Dollars (1964), For a Few Dollars More (1965), and The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966). All three of these movies were directed by Sergio Leone, featured music by Ennio Morricone, and starred American actor Clint Eastwood as the main character.
Cherry
A cherry is a fruit that grows on a tree or a bush. It belongs to the genus Prunus. It is red in color, with a seed in the middle. It tastes slightly sour, and is often used to flavour cakes and ice cream, or is baked in a pie or cobbler. Cherries are also a good source of Vitamin B.
In Japan, Yamagata is top producer of cherries.
Commercial production
Turkey 417.7
USA 390.7
President of East Timor
The President of East Timor, officially the President of the Democratic Republic of Timor Leste (Presidente da República Democrática de Timor-Leste, Prezidente Republika Demokratika Timor-Leste), is the head of state in East Timor.
Cherry
Commercial production
Iran 225.0
President of East Timor
The president is elected by popular vote for a five-year term. Their powers are somewhat limited, though they are able to veto legislation. Following elections, the president usually appoints as the prime minister, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition.
Grape
Grapes are the fruit of a woody grape vine. Grapes can be eaten raw, or used for making wine, juice, and jelly/jam. Grapes come in different colours; red, purple, white, and green are some examples. Today, grapes can be seedless, by using machines to pit the fruit. Wild grapevines are often considered a nuisance weed, as they cover other plants with their usually rather aggressive growth.
Raisins are the dried fruit of the grapevine, and the name actually comes from the French word for "grape."
Since the early 21st century in the United States and other countries, and the global functional food industry, there has been a fast-growing recognition of red grapes for their popularity, nutrient content and antioxidant qualities. This has given them commercial status as a "superfruit".
Hermann Huppen
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Grape
The leaves of the grapevine itself are considered edible (eatable). They are used to make dolmades.
Diksmuide
Diksmuide is a municipality in the Belgian province of West Flanders.
Grape
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Villaines-la-Gonais is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
Diksmuide
In 2007, 15764 people lived there.
Grape
Distribution
The following list of top wine-producers shows the areas used to grow grapes for wine making, although of course country size is a limiting factor, as well as the economic demand for their product.
Diksmuide
It is at 51° 02 North, 02° 51 East.
Grape
Distribution
Comparing diets among western countries, researchers have found that although the French usually eat more animal fat than other countries, the number of cases of heart disease remains low in France. Many scientists think this is because the French drink more red wine than other countries. Something in the grape helps lower the amount of cholesterol in the body. This helps prevent clogging of the arteries. Doctors do not recommend drinking a lot of red wine, but three or four glasses a week is good and encouraged.
Grapes of all colors offer benefits. Red wine offers health benefits that are not found in white wine. This is because many of the good nutrients are found in the skins of the grapes, and only red wine is fermented with the skins.
White grapes
White grapes are derived from the green grape by evolution. Changes in two genes turn off creation of anthocyanin. Anthocyanin is what makes red grapes the color green.
Raisins, currants, and sultanas
A raisin is any dried grape. A currant is a dried Zante grape. The name is a corruption of the French raisin de Corinthe (Corinth grape). A sultana was originally a raisin made from a specific type of grape of Turkish origin. The word is now used for raisins made from common North American grapes and chemically treated to resemble the traditional sultana.
Note that, while raisin is a French loanword, the word in French means the fresh fruit. Grappe (Where the English word grape comes from) means the bunch (as in une grappe de raisin).
Note also that currant has also come to mean to the blackcurrant and redcurrant. These two berries completely unrelated to grapes.
Perambalur taluk
Demographics
According to the 2011 census, the taluk of Perambalur had a population of 161,993 with 81,313 males and 80,680 females. There were 992 women for every 1000 men. The taluk had a literacy rate of 73.87. Child population in the age group below 6 was 7,704 males and 7,054 females.
Sonny Shroyer
Otis Burt "Sonny" Shroyer, Jr. (born August 28, 1935) is an American actor and singer. He is known for his role as Deputy Sheriff Enos Strate in the television series The Dukes of Hazzard. He also starred in a short-lived spin-off called Enos. He was born in Valdosta, Georgia.
Pope Innocent
Pope Innocent may mean:
Burlesque (disambiguation)
Burlesque might also mean:
Pope Innocent
Innozenz
Villaines-sous-Lucé
Villaines-sous-Lucé is a commune. It is found in the Pays de la Loire region in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
Fernando de Rojas
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Vion, Sarthe
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Nobuyuki Abe
Early life
Abe was born into an ex-samurai family in Kanazawa city, Ishikawa Prefecture.
Abe attended Tokyo No.1 Middle School (Tokyo Metropolitan Hibiya High School) followed by No.4 High School. While still a student, he volunteered for military service during the First Sino-Japanese War.
After the war, Abe graduated from the Imperial Japanese Army Academy. He was part of the 19th class of the Army War College.
Military Career
Abe became commander of the 3rd Field Artillery Regiment from 1918-1921. In August 1918, his regiment was sent to Siberia during Japan's Siberian Intervention, but was never in combat.
Abe was appointed commander of the 4th Infantry Division on December 22, 1930.
He later served as instructor in the Army War College followed by chief of the Military Affairs Bureau and as Vice Minister of the Army.
In 1933, Abe was promoted to full general. He was Commander-in-Chief of the Taiwan Army.
In 1936, he was placed on the reserve list.
Politician
Abe Nobuyuki became 36th Prime Minister on August 30, 1939.
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Perambalur district is an administrative district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. The district headquarters is located at Perambalur. The district occupies an area of 1,752 km² and had a population of 565,223 with a sex-ratio of 1,003 females for every 1,000 males in 2011.
Perambalur district is a centrally located inland district of Tamil Nadu. It was trifurcated(thrice-divided) from Tiruchirappalli district and was formed on 1 November 1995. The district is bounded by Cuddalore district in the north, Tiruchirappalli district in the south, Ariyalur in the east and Namakkal and Tiruchirappalli districts in the west. Population
According to 2011 census, Perambalur district had a population of 565,223 with a sex-ratio of 1,003 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. A total of 59,567 were under the age of six, constituting 31,135 males and 28,432 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 31.01% and .46% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the district was 66.49%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. The district had a total of 149,243 households. There were a total of 299,726 workers, comprising 107,542 cultivators, 91,135 main agricultural labourers, 4,365 in house hold industries, 52,055 other workers, 44,629 marginal workers, 9,762 marginal cultivators, 27,143 marginal agricultural labourers, 978 marginal workers in household industries and 6,746 other marginal workers.
Yusaku Ueno
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Club career statistics
341||56||21||5||45||4||407||65 341||56||21||5||45||4||407||65
Graduation (album)
Critical reception
Graduation received general acclaim from music critics.
Track listing
* (*) designates co-producer * (**) designates additional production
Personnel
Credits adapted from liner notes.
Nobuyuki Abe
Politician
Abe joined the House of Peers in 1942.
He was appointed the 10th (and last) Governor-General of Korea in 1944 and 1945.
Whistle (Flo Rida song)
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Pebibyte
A pebibyte (peta binary byte, abbreviated PiB) is a large unit of measurement of bytes (computer memory).
1 pebibyte = 250 bytes = 1,125,899,906,842,624 bytes = 1,024 tebibytes. It is related to the petabyte which is 1015 bytes.
Step Forward (movie)
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Villaines-sous-Malicorne
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Blackcurrant
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Yaacob II ben Uzzi ben Yaacob ben Aaharon
Yaacob II ben Uzzi ben Yaacob ben Aaharon (1899-1987) was the 127th High Priest of the Samaritans. He was the grandson of Yaacob I ben Aaharon ben Shalma. He served from 1984-1987
This man is famous in the study of Samaritans. He is a respected Samaritan High Priest. He was born in a smart and religious family. Yaacob II learned a lot about the Samaritan religion and ways from his granddad. His grandfather, Yaacob I ben Aaharon ben Shalma, took care of him when his parents died young.
When he was a kid, Yaacob II was good at learning and languages. He learned Hebrew, Arabic, and English fast. He was the head of a big Samaritan Cohen group called Sons of Jacob. People in the Samaritan community respected him a lot for his intelligence and wisdom.
Dilbeek
Dilbeek is a municipality in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant.
Yaacob II ben Uzzi ben Yaacob ben Aaharon
In 1984, Yaacob II became the Samaritan High Priest. He got this role from Phinehas X ben Matzliach ben Phinehas. While he was High Priest, he worked hard. He made the Samaritan community stronger and helped them get along with other religions.
Dilbeek
In 2007, 39585 people lived there.
Yaacob II ben Uzzi ben Yaacob ben Aaharon
Yaacob II cared a lot about keeping and sharing the history and ways of the Samaritans. He wrote a lot about this. He wrote many books that people who want to learn about Samaritans must read.
Dilbeek
It is at 50° 50 North, 04° 15 East.
Yaacob II ben Uzzi ben Yaacob ben Aaharon
In 1987 he died and Yoseph ben Ab-Hisda ben Yaacov ben Aaharon became the high priest.
References
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Exbibyte
An exbibyte (EiB) is a large unit of measurement for computers of the future. Exbibytes hold 1024 pebibytes (PiB) or 1,152,921,504,606,846,976 bytes. The exbibyte is closely related to, but not the same as, the exabyte.
1024 exbibytes make 1 zebibyte.
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Savior
Savior (or Saviour) refers to a someone who has saved another from danger. It can also refer to someone who has helped people achieve Salvation. Many religions have a Savior, though the way they use the idea varies.
Christianity's savior is Jesus, the Christ.(Gospel of Matthew 1:21) In Judaism, Jesus is not considered a savior. They believe that the Messiah, their own concept of a savior, has not yet come. In Islam, their savior is Mahdi. In Hinduism, Shiva, Vishnu, and Devi are referred to as saviors.
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Climate change in Nigeria
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Vice-President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State
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Constitution of The Irish Free State said that the Vice President would act for the President of the Executive Council while he was absent, or until a new President was elected
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Neither the ministry of the Irish Republic nor the Provisional Government had a deputy head of government, so the office of Vice-President of the Executive Council was a new idea of the Free State. In 1937 when the Constitution of the Irish Free State was replaced by Bunreacht na hÉireann the Vice President was replaced by the Tánaiste.
Lawrence Akandu
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Club career statistics
102||53||8||2||6||1||6||3||122||59 102||53||8||2||6||1||6||3||122||59
International career statistics
!Total||7||1
Continental Airlines Flight 1713
Continental Airlines Flight 1713 crashed while taking off during a snow storm from Stapleton International Airport in Denver, Colorado on November 15, 1987. The Douglas DC-9-14 was operated by Continental Airlines and was a scheduled flight to Boise, Idaho. Twenty-five passengers and three crew members died in the accident.
Accident
Flight 1713 was scheduled to depart Denver at 12:25 PM, but many flights out of Denver had been delayed due to inclement weather. The flight was cleared to take off at 2 :14 PM local time.
As the plane was taking off, it began to veer violently; the plane descended and the left wing hit the ground, causing the wing to sever. The left side of the plane and the flight deck hit the ground afterward and the plane continued to roll upside down. Of the 82 occupants on board (77 passengers and 5 crew), 28 died while 54 survived. Most of the passengers who died were in the midsection of the plane. When the plane left, the left side tilted until it touched the tail when it was inverted; this caused the midsection of the plane to dent and crush many of the passengers on board. Fitzsimmons' Army Medical Facility sent its personnel to assist in triaging the wounded. Of the passengers who died, sixteen did so from some kind of trauma and twelve died from mechanical asphyxiation.
Of the passengers who survived, twenty-four suffered minor injuries and twenty-seven suffered serious injuries.
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The Saskatoon Blades are a Canadian professional junior ice hockey team that began playing in 1964. They play in the Western Hockey League. The Blades are the longest team to stay in the WHL in the 48-year history of the League.
Lyubertsy
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Economy
Lyubertsy is a major industrial city. The main industries in the city are mechanical engineering, metalworking, making construction materials, woodworking, and food processing.
Vicente Guterres
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In 2007, 19,171 people lived there.
It is at 51° 02 North, 05° 43 East.
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Mi corazón es tuyo
Silvia Navarro and Jorge Salinas are the protagonists. Mayrín Villanueva stars as the main antagonist.
Country Strong
The movie got mixed to negative review.
1933–34 Austrian Cup
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Final
Peter Platzer – Robert Pavlicek, Anton Janda, Johann Urbanek, Karl Humenberger, Josef Mirschitzka, Leopold Vogl, Wilhelm Hahnemann, Karl Stoiber, Anton Schall, Adolf Vogl coaches:Hans Kozourek/Johann Skolaut Rudolf Raftl - Karl Jestrab, Ludwig Tauschek, Franz Wagner, Josef Smistik, Johann Pesser, Johann Ostermann, Franz Weselik, Josef Bican, Franz Binder, Johann Luef coaches: Dionys Schönecker/Eduard Bauer
Clint Eastwood
Clinton Eastwood Jr. (born May 31, 1930) is an American actor, director, producer, and composer.
Early life
Eastwood was born in San Francisco, California on May 31, 1930. He was nicknamed "Samson" by the hospital nurses as he weighed 11 lb at birth. Eastwood is of English, Irish, Scottish, and Dutch ancestry. He was raised in Piedmont, California. He studied at Piedmont Junior High School and at Oakland Technical High School.
Career
He has appeared in many movies since the 1950s. The most famous are the Dollars trilogy of Spaghetti Westerns (1964–1966), Dirty Harry movie series as Harry Callahan (1972–1988), Any Which Way You Can (1979) and similar movies. Eastwood also won critical acclaim as a director with the movies Unforgiven (1992), Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil (1996), Space Cowboys (2000), Mystic River (2003), and Million Dollar Baby (2005). In recent years, Eastwood directed biopic movies such as American Sniper, Sully, and Richard Jewell.
Personal life
Eastwood was married to Maggie Johnson from 1953 until they divorced in 1984. They had two children. Then he was married to Dina Ruiz since 1996. They have one child. He now lives with his family in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. He was the mayor of Carmel-by-the-Sea for two years, starting in 1986.
Okrouhlička
Okrouhlička is a small village in the Havlíčkův Brod District, Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. About 199 people live there. It covers 6,84 km². Okrouhlička was first documented in 1307.
Voivres-lès-le-Mans
Voivres-lès-le-Mans is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
Date palm
The date palm is a tree. It has been cultivated for a very long time because of its fruit. The tree is between 15 and 25 m high. It has long leaves that look like feathers. Such leaves are called pinnate. The leaves can grow to 3 to 5 m in length. The leaves have visible spines. There are about 150 leaflets. Each leaflet can be up to 30 cm in length and 2 cm in breadth. The full span of the crown of the tree is 6 to 10 m.
The tree has one or more trunks. All the trunks come from a single system of roots.
Production
World production of dates was approximately 6.7 Mio tonnes in 2004 (FAO statistics). The major producers are: The First International Date Conference was held in Tripoli in 1959. In that conference, it was decided to develop a special program under the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to promote the commercial use of substandard or physically defective dates.
Copper Canyon, Texas
Copper Canyon is a town in Denton County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,334 at the 2010 census.
Ahmed Fouad Negm
Ahmed Fouad Negm (22 May 1929 – 3 December 2013) was an Egyptian vernacular poet. Negm is well known for his work with Egyptian composer Sheikh Imam, as well as his patriotic and revolutionary Egyptian Arabic poetry. Negm has been called "a bit of a folk hero in Egypt" or "el-Fagommi".
Negm was born in Sharqia, Egypt on 22 May 1929.
In 2007, Negm was chosen by the United Nations Poverty Action as Ambassador of the poor. Negm won the 2013 Prince Claus Award for ‘Unwavering Integrity’.
On 3 December 2013, Negm died at the age of 84 in Cairo, Egypt from a long-illness, aged 84.
Ben Jones
Ben Lewis Jones (born August 30, 1941) is an American actor, politician, playwright and essayist. He is best known for his role as Cooter Davenport in The Dukes of Hazzard.
Jones was also in the United States House of Representatives from January 3, 1989 to January 3, 1993 as a Democrat.
Vivoin
Vivoin is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
Talk Dirty (song)
"Talk Dirty" is a 2013 song by American singer Jason Derulo featuring American rapper 2 Chainz and is taken from his albums Tattoos and Talk Dirty. It topped the single charts in Australia, Belgium, Germany, Israel, Romania, Scotland and the United Kingdom. It went to the top 10 in Austria, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the United States.
Zwickau (district)
The rural district Zwickau is a district in west Saxony. It was founded at August 1, 2008. It consists of the (former) Chemnitzer Land Rural District and Zwickauer Land Rural District. It is the smallest district of Saxony but also the district with the highest population density of Saxony.
History
The district was formed on August 1, 2008. This was the result of an administration reform in Saxony. The rural district Zwickau was built up by the Chemnitzer Land Rural District, Zwickauer Land Rural District and the town of Zwickau. The county seat of the district is the biggest city Zwickau. However, the former county seats of the different districts were kept as outpost. Those are namely Glauchau, Limbach-Oberfrohna, Werdau and Hohenstein-Ernstthal.
Economy
In July 2008, there were 25,026 people jobless. That means there was a rate of unemployment of 11.1 percent. It was the lowest jobless rate of the Regierungsbezirk Chemnitz. Because of the end of the schoolyear the unemployment rate of pupils rose up.
Education
In the rural district Zwickau is one Study Academy (called: Berufsakademie Glauchau) nine vocational schools and some grammar schools. Overall there are 124 schools. In Chemnitz and Zwickau are different Universities.
Politics
The Kreistag was elected on 8 June 2008. The current chief administrative officer of the Zwickau Rural District is Christoph Scheurer.
Miriam Margolyes
Miriam Margolyes OBE (born 18 May 1941) is an English people-Australian actress. She is best known for her role as Professor Sprout in the Harry Potter movie series. She also appeared appeared in the movies The Age of Innocence (1993), which won her a BAFTA Award, Babe (1995), and Babe: Pig in the City (1998). She has appeared in television series such as Merlin, Doc Martin and The Sarah Jane Adventures.
Margolyes was born in Oxford, Oxfordshire. She was the daughter of Ruth (née Walters; 1905–1974), a property investor and developer, and Joseph Margolyes (1899–1996), a Scottish physician from Glasgow. She was grew up in a Jewish family and her ancestors are from Poland and Belarus. She is a lesbian and has been with her partner Heather for over forty years. She has also been an Australian citizen since 2013.
Michael Collins (Irish leader)
Michael "Mick" Collins (Míċeál Ó Coileáin; 16 October 1890 – 22 August 1922) was an Irish revolutionary leader. He was a Minister for Finance and Teachta Dála (TD member of parliament) for Cork South in the First Dáil of 1919. He was also the Director of Intelligence for the Southern IRA, and member of the Irish delegation during the Anglo-Irish Treaty negotiations. After that he was both Chairman of the Provisional Government and Commander-in-chief of the National Army. Throughout this time, at least as of 1919, he was also President of the Irish Republican Brotherhood. Under the rules of the Brotherhood this meant that he was President of the Irish Republic. Collins was shot and killed in August 1922, during the Irish Civil War.
Early years
He was born on his family farm named Woodfield in Sam's Cross near Clonakilty, West Cork. Michael Collins was the third son and youngest of eight children. Most biographies state his date of birth as 16 October 1890; however, his tombstone gives his date of birth as 12 October 1890. His father, also named Michael, was a member of the republican Fenian movement, but had left and settled down to farming. Collins was six years old when his father died.
Easter Rising
Michael Collins first became known during the Easter Rising in 1916. A skilled organiser and very intelligent, he was highly respected in the IRB. When the Rising itself took place on Easter Monday, 1916, he fought alongside Patrick Pearse and others in the General Post Office in Dublin.
Collins, like many of the other participants, was arrested, almost executed. He was imprisoned at Frongoch internment camp. Collins became one of the leading figures in Sinn Féin after the Rising. This was a small nationalist party which the British government and the Irish media mistakenly accredited the Rising to. By October 1917, Collins had become a member of the executive of Sinn Féin and Director of Organisation of the Irish Volunteers. Éamon de Valera was president of both organisations.
2018 AFC U-19 Championship
2018 AFC U-19 Championship was held in Indonesia from 18 October to 4 November.
Michael Collins (Irish leader)
The first Irish Parliament, the Dáil Éireann
Collins was nominated in the 1918 general election to elect Irish MPs to the British House of Commons in London. Collins won for Sinn Féin, becoming MP for Cork South. However, unlike their rivals in the Irish Parliamentary Party, Sinn Féin MPs had announced that they would not take their seats in Westminster, but instead would set up an Irish Parliament in Dublin.
In de Valera's absence, Cathal Brugha was elected Príomh Aire ('Main' or 'Prime', Minister', but often translated as 'President of Dáil Éireann'). He was replaced by de Valera, when Collins helped him escape from Lincoln Prison in April 1919.
The Irish War of Independence began on the same day that the First Dáil met on 21 January 1919. An ambush party of IRA volunteers acting without orders and led by Seán Treacy attacked a group of Royal Irish Constabulary men. They were escorting a shipment of gelignite to a quarry in Soloheadbeg, County Tipperary. Two policemen were shot dead during the fight. This incident is considered to be the first action taken in the Irish War of Independence.
1919 and the start of the War of Independence
In 1919, Collins had a number of roles. In the summer he was elected president of the IRB, Director of Intelligence of the Irish Republican Army. He also became the Minister for Finance. His ministry was able to organise a large bond issue in the form of a "National Loan" to fund the new Irish Republic. Collins and Richard Mulcahy were the two main organisers for the Irish Republican Army, in as far as it was possible to direct the actions of disorganised guerrilla units.
In 1920, the British offered a prize of £10,000 (equivalent to GB£474,000.00 / €535,026.83 in 2017) for information leading to the capture or death of Collins. His fame had so transcended the IRA movement that he was nicknamed "The Big Fellow".
Take Aim
Take Aim (Выбор цели) is a 1975 Soviet drama movie directed by Igor Talankin and stars Sergei Bondarchuk, Georgiy Zhzhonov, and Nikolai Volkov.
Michael Collins (Irish leader)
1919 and the start of the War of Independence
In July 1921, the British suddenly offered a truce. Arrangements were made for a conference between the British government and the leaders of the as-yet unrecognised Irish Republic.
In August 1921, Eamonn de Valera made the Dáil upgrade his office from Prime Minister to President of the Irish Republic. This made him on the same level as George V in the negotiations. Eventually, however, he said that as the King would not attend, then neither would he. Instead, with the reluctant agreement of his cabinet, de Valera assembled a team of delegates to go in his place. The team was headed by Vice-President Arthur Griffith with Collins as Deputy.
Anglo-Irish Treaty
The negotiations resulted in the Anglo-Irish Treaty which was signed on 6 December 1921. In it, a new state was agreed upon, called the "Irish Free State". The agreement made an all-Ireland state possible. The six-county region in the northeast could opt out of the Free State if they wanted to. If this happened, an Irish Boundary Commission was to redraw the Irish border. The Irish Free State was established in December 1922, and as expected, Northern Ireland opted to remain part of the United Kingdom proper.
Although it was not the republic he was fighting for, Collins concluded that the Treaty offered Ireland "the freedom to achieve freedom." He knew that the treaty, and in particular the issue of partition, would not be popular in Ireland. When he signed the treaty, he said "I have signed my own death warrant."
Sinn Féin split over the treaty, and the Dáil debated the matter bitterly for ten days until it was approved by a vote of 64 to 57. The Supreme Council of the IRB, which was informed in detail about the Treaty negotiations voted unanimously (without exceptions) to accept the Treaty. The only exception was the later COS of the IRA Liam Lynch.
Provisional Government
As expected, the Treaty was extremely controversial in Ireland.
First, Éamon de Valera, President of the Irish Republic until 9 January, had been unhappy that Collins had signed any deal without his and his cabinet's authorisation.
Second, the contents of the Treaty were bitterly disputed. De Valera and many other members of the republican movement did not want Ireland to be a dominion of the British Empire. They did not like the symbolism of having to give a statement of faithfulness to the British king.
The dividing of Ireland between the Irish Free State and Northern Ireland was not as controversial. One of the main reasons for this was that Collins was secretly planning to launch a guerrilla war against the Northern State. In the early months of 1922, he had sent IRA units to the border, and arms and money to the northern units. In May–June 1922, he and IRA Chief of Staff Liam Lynch organised an attack of both pro- and anti-treaty IRA units along the new border. This offensive was officially called off under British pressure on 3 June and Collins issued a statement that "no troops from the 26 counties, either those under official control [pro-treaty] or those attached to the [IRA] Executive [anti-treaty] should be permitted to invade the six county area."
The new Provisional Government (Rialtas Sealadach na hÉireann) was formed under Collins, who became "President of the Provisional Government of Southern Ireland" (i.e., Prime Minister). He also remained Minister for Finance of Griffith's republican administration after de Valera stepped down.
To try and find a compromise, Collins proposed that the Free State would have a republican constitution, with no mention of the British king. However, the British did not sign the proposed republican constitution. They argued they had signed the Treaty in good faith and its terms could not be changed so quickly.