cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Music
Definitions
These and other attempts, do not capture all aspects of music, or leave out examples which definitely are music. Music is a special shared relationship between a person, the persons behavior, and a sounding object. p10 Musical experience and the music, together, are called phenomena, and the activity of describing phenomena is called phenomenology.
History
Even in the stone age people made music. The first music was probably made trying to imitate sounds and rhythms that occurred naturally. Human music may echo these phenomena using patterns, repetition and tonality. This kind of music is still here today. Shamans sometimes imitate sounds that are heard in nature. It may also serve as entertainment (games), or have practical uses, like attracting animals when hunting.
Some animals also can use music. Songbirds use song to protect their territory, or to attract a mate. Monkeys have been seen beating hollow logs. This may, of course, also serve to defend the territory.
The first musical instrument used by humans was probably the voice. The human voice can make many different kinds of sounds. The larynx (voice box) is like a wind instrument.
The oldest known Neanderthal hyoid bone with the modern human form was found in 1983, indicating that the Neanderthals had language, because the hyoid supports the voice box in the human throat.
Most likely the first rhythm instruments or percussion instruments involved the clapping of hands, stones hit together, or other things that are useful to keep a beat. There are finds of this type that date back to the paleolithic. Some of these are ambiguous, as they can be used either as a tool or a musical instrument.
The first flutes
In 2008, archaeologists discovered a bone flute in the Hohle Fels cave near Ulm, Germany. The five-holed flute has a V-shaped mouthpiece and is made from a vulture wing bone. The discovery is the oldest confirmed find of any musical instrument in history. Other flutes were also found in the cave. This flute was found next to the Venus of Hohle Fels and a short distance from the oldest known human carving. When they announced their discovery in 2009, the scientists suggested that the find showed that there was a well-established musical tradition when humans colonized Europe.
The oldest known wooden pipes were discovered near Greystones, Ireland, in 2004. A wood-lined pit contained a group of six flutes made from yew wood, between 30 and 50 cm long, tapered at one end, but without any finger holes. They may once have been strapped together.
Ancient times
It is not known what the earliest human music was like. Some architecture and paintings are thousands of years old, but old music could not survive until people learned to write it down. The only way we can guess about early music is by looking at very old paintings that show people playing musical instruments, or by finding instruments in archaeological digs (digging underground to find old things). The earliest piece of music that was ever written down and that has not been lost was discovered on a tablet written in Hurrian, a language spoken in and around northern Mesopotamia (where Iraq is today), from about 1500 BC.
Middle Ages
Another surviving piece of early written music was a round called Sumer Is Icumen In. It was written down by a monk around the year 1250. Much of the music in the Middle Ages (roughly 450-1420) was folk music played by working people who wanted to sing or dance. When people played instruments, they were usually playing for dancers. However, most of the music that was written down was for the Catholic church. This music was written for monks to sing in church. It is called Chant (or Gregorian chant).
Renaissance
In the Renaissance (roughly 1400–1550) there was a lot of music, and many composers wrote music that has survived so that it can be performed, played or sung today. Many new types of art and music was made during this time.
Baroque
The Baroque (roughly 1600–1740) was a Western cultural era. It emphasised drama and splendor in sculpture, painting, literature, dance, and music. In music, the term 'Baroque' applies to the final period of dominance of imitative counterpoint, where different voices and instruments echo each other but at different pitches, sometimes inverting the echo, and even reversing thematic material.
The popularity and success of the Baroque style was encouraged by the Roman Catholic Church which had decided at the time of the Council of Trent that the arts should communicate religious themes in direct and emotional involvement. The upper class also saw the dramatic style of Baroque architecture and art as a means of impressing visitors and expressing triumphant power and control. Baroque palaces are built around an entrance of courts, grand staircases and reception rooms of sequentially increasing opulence. In similar profusions of detail, art, music, architecture, and literature inspired each other in the Baroque cultural movement as artists explored what they could create from repeated and varied patterns. Some traits and aspects of Baroque paintings that differentiate this style from others are the abundant amount of details, often bright polychromy, less realistic faces of subjects, and an overall sense of awe, which was one of the goals in Baroque art.
The word baroque probably derives from the ancient Portuguese noun "barroco" which is a pearl that is not round but of unpredictable and elaborate shape. Hence, in informal usage, the word baroque can simply mean that something is "elaborate", with many details, without reference to the Baroque styles of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
Classical period
In western music, the classical period means music from about 1750 to 1825. It was the time of composers like Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven. Orchestras became bigger, and composers often wrote longer pieces of music called symphonies that had several sections (called movements). Some movements of a symphony were loud and fast; other movements were quiet and sad. The form of a piece of music was very important at this time. Music had to have a nice 'shape'. They often used a structure which was called sonata form.
Another important type of music was the string quartet, which is a piece of music written for two violins, a viola, and a violoncello. Like symphonies, string quartet music had several sections. Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven each wrote many famous string quartets.
The piano was invented during this time. Composers liked the piano, because it could be used to play dynamics (getting louder or getting softer). Other popular instruments included the violin, the violoncello, the flute, the clarinet, and the oboe.
Romantic period
The 19th century is called the Romantic period. Composers were particularly interested in conveying their emotions through music. An important instrument from the Romantic period was the piano. Some composers, such as Frederic Chopin wrote subdued, expressive, quietly emotional piano pieces. Often music described a feeling or told a story using sounds. Other composers, such as Franz Schubert wrote songs for a singer and a piano player called Lied (the German word for "song"). These Lieder (plural of Lied) told stories by using the lyrics (words) of the song and by the imaginative piano accompaniments. Other composers, like Richard Strauss, and Franz Liszt created narratives and told stories using only music, which is called a tone poem. Composers, such as Franz Liszt and Johannes Brahms used the piano to play loud, dramatic, strongly emotional music.
Many composers began writing music for bigger orchestras, with as many as 100 instruments. It was the period of "Nationalism" (the feeling of being proud of one's country) when many composers made music using folksong or melodies from their country. Lots of famous composers lived at this time such as Franz Schubert, Felix Mendelssohn, Frederic Chopin, Johannes Brahms, Pyotr Tchaikovsky and Richard Wagner.
Modern times
From about 1900 onwards is called the "modern period". Many 20th century composers wanted to compose music that sounded different from the Classical and Romantic music. Modern composers searched for new ideas, such as using new instruments, different forms, different sounds, or different harmonies.
One of the most important 20th-century composers, Igor Stravinsky (1882–1971), wrote music with very complicated (difficult) chords (groups of notes that are played together) and rhythms. Some composers thought music was getting too complicated and so they wrote Minimalist pieces which use very simple ideas. In the 1950s and 1960s, composers such as Karlheinz Stockhausen experimented with electronic music, using electronic circuits, amplifiers and loudspeakers. In the 1970s, composers began using electronic synthesizers and musical instruments from rock and roll music, such as the electric guitar. They used these new instruments to make new sounds.
Electronic music
Music can be produced electronically. This is most commonly done by computers, keyboards, electric guitars and disk tables. They can mimic traditional instruments, and also produce very different sounds. 21st-century electronic music is commonly made with computer programs and hardware mixers.
Jazz
Jazz is a type of music that was invented around 1900 in New Orleans in the south of the USA. There were many black musicians living there who played a style of music called blues music. Blues music was influenced by African music (because the black people in the United States had come to the United States as slaves. They were taken from Africa by force). Blues music was a music that was played by singing, using the harmonica, or the acoustic guitar. Many blues songs had sad lyrics about sad emotions (feelings) or sad experiences, such as losing a job, a family member dying, or having to go to jail (prison).
Jazz music mixed together blues music with European music. Some black composers such as Scott Joplin were writing music called ragtime, which had a very different rhythm from standard European music, but used notes that were similar to some European music. Ragtime was a big influence on early jazz, called Dixieland jazz. Jazz musicians used instruments such as the trumpet, saxophone, and clarinet were used for the tunes (melodies), drums for percussion and plucked double bass, piano, banjo and guitar for the background rhythm (rhythmic section). Jazz is usually improvised: the players make up (invent) the music as they play. Even though jazz musicians are making up the music, jazz music still has rules; the musicians play a series of chords (groups of notes) in order.
Jazz music has a swinging rhythm. The word "swing" is hard to explain. For a rhythm to be a "swinging rhythm" it has to feel natural and relaxed. Swing rhythm is not even like a march. There is a long-short feel instead of a same-same feel. A "swinging rhythm" also gets the people who are listening excited, because they like the sound of it. Some people say that a "swinging rhythm" happens when all the jazz musicians start to feel the same pulse and energy from the song. If a jazz band plays very well together, people will say "that is a swinging jazz band" or "that band really swings well."
Jazz influenced other types of music like the Western art music from the 1920s and 1930s. Art music composers such as George Gershwin wrote music that was influenced by jazz. Jazz music influenced pop music songs. In the 1930s and 1940s, many pop music songs began using chords or melodies from jazz songs. One of the best known jazz musicians was Louis Armstrong (1900–1971).
Pop music
"Pop" music is a type of popular music that many people like to listen to. The term "pop music" can be used for all kinds of music that was written to be popular. The word "pop music" was used from about 1880 onwards, when a type of music called music was popular.
Musical notation
"Musical notation" is the way music is written down. Music needs to be written down in order to be saved and remembered for future performances. In this way composers (people who write music) can tell others how to play the musical piece as it was meant to be played.
Solfège
Solfège (sometimes called solfa) is the way tones are named. It was made in order to give a name to the several tones and pitches. For example, the eight basic notes "Do, Re, Mi, Fa, So, La, Ti, Do" are just the names of the eight notes that confirm the major scale.
Written music
Music can be written in several ways. When it is written on a staff (like in the example shown), the pitches (tones) and their duration are represented by symbols called notes. Notes are put on the lines and in the spaces between the lines. Each position says which tone must be played. The higher the note is on the staff, the higher the pitch of the tone. The lower the notes are, the lower the pitch. The duration of the notes (how long they are played for) is shown by making the note "heads" black or white, and by giving them stems and flags.
Music can also be written with letters, naming them as in the solfa "Do, Re, Mi, Fa, So, La, Ti, Do" or representing them by letters. The next table shows how each note of the solfa is represented in the Standard Notation:
The Standard Notation was made to simplify the lecture of music notes, although it is mostly used to represent chords and the names of the music scales.
These ways to represent music ease the way a person reads music. There are more ways to write and represent music, but they are less known and may be more complicated.
By listening
People can enjoy music by listening to it. They can go to concerts to hear musicians perform. Classical music is usually performed in concert halls, but sometimes huge festivals are organized in which it is performed outside, in a field or stadium, like pop festivals. People can listen to music on CD's, Computers, iPods, television, the radio, cassette/record-players and even mobile phones.
There is so much music today, in elevators, shopping malls, and stores, that it often becomes a background sound that we do not really hear.
By playing or singing
People can learn to play an instrument. Probably the most common for complete beginners is the piano or keyboard, the guitar, or the recorder (which is certainly the cheapest to buy). After they have learnt to play scales, play simple tunes and read the simplest musical notation, then they can think about which instrument for further development. They should choose an instrument that is practical for their size. For example, a very short child cannot play a full size double bass, because the double bass is over five feet high. People should choose an instrument that they enjoy playing, because playing regularly is the only way to get better. Finally, it helps to have a good teacher.
By composing
Anyone can make up their own pieces of music. It is not difficult to compose simple songs or melodies (tunes). It's easier for people who can play an instrument themselves. All it takes is experimenting with the sounds that an instrument makes. Someone can make up a piece that tells a story, or just find a nice tune and think about ways it can be changed each time it is repeated. The instrument might be someone's own voice.
WWE Women's Tag Team Championship
The WWE Women's Tag Team Championship is a professional wrestling title and it is owned by WWE. It is the only title of WWE's second brand extension that was made for both of WWE's weekly TV shows, Raw and SmackDown Live. The first and only champions are a team called The Boss 'N' Hug Connection (whose members are Bayley and Sasha Banks) and they won the championship at Elimination Chamber (2019) in February 2019. It is separate from the WWF Women's Tag Team Championship.
History
On the December 24, 2018 episode of Raw, WWE Chairman Vince McMahon said that there would be a new Women's Tag Team Championship in 2019. On the January 14, 2019 episode of Raw, Alexa Bliss showed what the championship belts look like on her show "A Moment of Bliss". Then, Bliss said that the winner of a tag team elimination chamber match that would have three teams from Raw and three teams from SmackDown would be the first WWE Women's Tag Team Champions. The Boss 'N' Hug Connection (Bayley and Sasha Banks) from Raw became the first champions by beating Nia Jax and Tamina, and The Riott Squad (Liv Morgan and Sarah Logan) from Raw and Carmella and Naomi, Mandy Rose and Sonya Deville, and the IIconics (Peyton Royce and Billie Kay) from SmackDown.
1850 United States Census
The United States Census of 1850 was the seventh census of the United States. It was completed on June 1, 1850. It found the population of the United States to be 23,191,876. This was an increase of 35.9 percent from the 1840 Census. The total population included 3,204,313 slaves.
This was the first census where there was an attempt to collect information about every member of every household, including women, children, and slaves. It was also the first census to ask about place of birth.
Hinton Rowan Helper made use of the 1850 census results in his politically notorious book The Impending Crisis of the South.
Darryl Dawkins
Darryl Dawkins (January 11, 1957 – August 27, 2015) was an American professional basketball player. He was known for his days with the NBA's Philadelphia 76ers and New Jersey Nets. He also played briefly for the Detroit Pistons and Utah Jazz late in his career. His nickname was "Chocolate Thunder". It was given to him by Stevie Wonder. He was known for his powerful dunks, which led the NBA to adopt breakaway rims because he shattered the backboard two times in 1979.
Dawkins died on August 27, 2015 from a heart attack in Allentown, Pennsylvania, at the age of 58.
Canada Elections Act
The Canada Elections Act (Loi électorale du Canada) is an Act (law) of the Parliament of Canada which regulates the election of members of parliament to the House of Commons of Canada.
José de Jesús Pimiento Rodríguez
Pimiento Rodríguez died on September 3, 2019 at a retreat house in Floridablanca near Bucaramanga of heart failure caused from a fall, aged 100.
Canada Elections Act
The Canada Election Act limits spending on election advertising by interest groups, which was upheld by the Supreme Court of Canada in 2004,
It also sets out various provisions regarding the publication or broadcast of election advertising and election results.
In 2003, the Act was extended to cover the nomination contests of registered political parties. In 2007, it was amended to mandate fixed election dates. In 2010 that is 21 October, 2019.
Shahdara
Shahdara is a geographical region in the city of Delhi. It is on the banks of Yamuna River. It is one of the oldest localities of Delhi. This region is the headquarters of the newly formed Shahdara district.
History
Shahdara was established by a Mughal king. In Urdu, Shahdara means "door of kings". One of the oldest market, Chandrawali village was here.
Katzenbach v. McClung
Katzenbach v. McClung, 379 U.S. 294 (1964), is a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court. The Court held that Congress acted within its power under the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution in forbidding racial discrimination in restaurants as this was a burden to interstate commerce. The ruling was a 9–0 decision in favor of the plaintiff—the United States government. It was also a test case of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In particular,
Background
Ollie's Barbecue was a family-owned restaurant that operated in Birmingham, Alabama, that seated 220 customers. It was located on a state highway and was 11 city blocks from an interstate highway. In a typical year, approximately half of the food it purchased from a local supplier came from out-of-state. It catered to local families and white-collar workers. However, they refused to serve African American customers in the restaurant. About 24 of the 36 employees of the restaurant were black.
Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawing segregation in American schools and public places. One section of the act, Title II, was specifically intended to grant African-Americans full access to public facilities such as hotels, restaurants, and public recreation areas. On the same day, the Supreme Court heard challenges to Title II from a motel owner and from Ollie McClung. Both claimed that the federal government had no right to impose any regulations on small, private businesses. Both ultimately lost. Ollie McClung had won in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama when he received an injunction preventing the Government from enforcing Title II against his restaurant. But then U.S. Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach, appealed this decision to the U.S. Supreme Court.
Opinion of the Court
McClung argued that the Civil Rights Act was unconstitutional, at least as applied to a small, private business such as his. McClung further argued that the amount of food purchased by Ollie's that actually crossed state lines (about half of the food at Ollie's) was so small that Ollie's effectively had no effect on interstate commerce (although McClung admitted that a significant amount of Ollie's business was to interstate travelers). Because of this, McClung argued that Congress had no power to regulate Ollie's Barbecue under the Commerce Clause.
1860 United States Census
The United States Census of 1860 was the eighth Census in the United States. It was completed after November 1, 1860. It found the population to be 31,443,321. This was an increase of 35.4 percent from the 1850 Census. The total population included 3,953,761 slaves.
Katzenbach v. McClung
Opinion of the Court
The court ruled unanimously that the Civil Rights Act is constitutional and that it was properly applied against Ollie's Barbecue.
Justice Clark wrote the majority opinion, with concurrences by Justices Black, Douglas, and Goldberg. In section 2 of the opinion, the Court agreed with McClung that Ollie's itself had virtually no effect on interstate commerce. In section 4 of the opinion, the Court held that racial discrimination in restaurants had a significant impact on interstate commerce, and therefore Congress has the power to regulate this conduct under the Commerce Clause. The Court's conclusion was based on extensive Congressional hearings on the issue.
Later developments
After decades in operation, Ollie's Barbecue moved to the suburb of Pelham in 1999 and closed in 2001.
Amélie Fricot
Amélie Fricot was a French competitive swimmer from Paris during the 1920s and early 1930s. She was specialized in the backstroke and became multiple times national champion and national record holder.
Shola Ameobi
Shola Ameobi (born 12 October 1981) is an Nigerian-English football player. He plays for Newcastle United.
Money
History
The idea of bartering things is very old. A long time ago, people did not buy or sell with money. Instead, they traded one thing for another to get what they wanted or needed. One person who owned many cows could trade with another person who had a lot of wheat. Each would trade a little of what he had with the other. This would support the people on his farm. Other things that were easier to carry around than cows also came to be held as valuable. This gave rise to trade items such as jewelry and spices. When people changed from trading in things like, for example, cows and wheat to using money instead, they needed things that would last a long time. They must still have a known value, and could be carried around. The first country in the world to make metal coins was called Lydia. These first appeared during the 7th century BC, in the western part of what is now Turkey. The Lydian coins were made of a weighed amount of precious metal and were stamped with a picture of a lion. This idea soon spread to Greece, the rest of the Mediterranean, and the rest of the world. Coins were all made to the same size and shape. In some parts of the world, different things have been used as money, like clam shells or blocks of salt.
Toshimitsu Asai
Club career statistics
53||0||5||0||58||0 53||0||5||0||58||0
Money
History
Cows die, and wheat rots. But money lasts longer than most trade goods. If someone sells a cow for money, he can save that money away until he needs it. He can always leave it to his children when he dies. It can last a very long time, and he can use it at any time.
Shola Ameobi
Club career statistics
196||32||13||3||8||3||41||12||258||50 196||32||13||3||8||3||41||12||258||50
Money
History
Not every cow is as good as another cow. Some cows are sick and old, and others are healthy and young. Some wheat is good and other wheat is moldy or stale. So if a person trades cows for wheat, he might have a hard time arguing over how much wheat each cow is worth. However, money is standard. That means one dollar is worth the same as another dollar. It is easier to add up and count money, than to add up the value of different cows or amounts of wheat.
Amélie Fricot
Manson was a member of Cercle Amical des Nageurs de Paris and from 1930 of Club des Nageurs de Paris.
Lezgi language
Letzgi (also called Lezgian language), (Lezgian: лезги язҍїк, lezgi iazyk) is a Caucasian language. It is spoken in Dagestan and Azerbaijan. There are about 600,000 speakers. In the Russian part of the territory, Lezgian has the status of an official language, that can be studied at universities. There are also radio programmes using the language. In Azerbaijan, the language has no official status. From 1939 to 1991, it was forbidden to use the language in schools in Azerbaijan. Originally, the language used the Arabic script, but in 1929, this was changed to Cyrillic, like the rest of the Soviet Union.
Money
History
Later, after coins had been used for hundreds of years, paper money started out as a promise to pay in coin, much like an "I.O.U." note. The first true paper money was used in China in the 10th century AD. Paper money was also printed in Sweden between 1660 and 1664. Both times, it did not work well, and had to be stopped because the banks kept running out of coins to pay on the notes. Massachusetts Bay Colony printed paper money in the 1690s. This time, the use became more common.
Amélie Fricot
Biography
Her first main competition she competed in was in 1925 at the championships of Paris. The next year she won the bronze medal at the national championships in the 5x 50 metre freestyle relay. In 1927 she won the 66 metre backstroke and 400 metre freestyle at swimming competitions at the championships of Cercle Amical des Nageurs de Paris. At the championships of Paris and at the national championships she finished in fourth place in the 100 metre backstroke. On 20 August she participated in the gala meeting in honor of Marcel Brun and won the 100 metre backstroke in a time of 1:51.4.
Money
History
Today, most of what people think of as money is not even things you can hold. It is numbers in bank accounts, saved in computer memories. Many people still feel more comfortable using coins and paper, and do not totally trust using electronic money on a computer memory.
Amélie Fricot
Biography
In July 1928 she became natinal champion at the France 100m backstroke swimming championships and the same month she also became champion of Paris in the 100 metre backstroke (in a time of 1:44). In late 1928 and early 192 she broke three times the national record of the 200 metre backstroke. On 6 September with a time of 3:30 in Tourelles; on 20 October 1928 with a time of 3:29.6 at the Gare swimming pool in Paris and on 16 February 1929 with a time of 3:24.2 also at the Gare swimming pool. On 9 March 1929 she also broke the national record in the 100 metre backstroke with a time of 1:31.2 at the Gare swimming pool. In July 1929 she won the bronze medal at the national championships in the 100 metre backstroke (1:40.4).
Money
Kinds
Many types of money have been used at different times in history. These are:
Amélie Fricot
Biography
For a fourth time she broke the national record in the 200 metre backstroke on 25 January 1931 with a time of 3:22.4. In August 1931 she won with her team the 3 x 100 mmetre medley relay (4:29.2).
Money
Kinds
Commodity money can be used for other purposes besides serving as a medium of exchange. We say it possesses intrinsic value, because it is useful or valuable by itself. Some examples of commodity money are cattle, silk, gold and silver. Convertible paper money is money that is convertible into gold and silver. Gold and Silver certificates are convertible paper money as they can be fully convertible into gold and silver.
Grandfather paradox
It is a proposed physical paradox of time travel first described by the science fiction writer Nathaniel Schachner in his short story Ancestral Voices, and by René Barjavel in his 1943 book Le Voyageur Imprudent (Future Times Three).
Money
Kinds
Inconvertible money is money that cannot be converted into gold and silver. Notes and coins are inconvertible money. They are inconvertible and are declared by the government money. Such fiat money is a country's legal tender. Today, notes and coins are the currencies used in bank deposits.
Grandfather paradox
The paradox asks what happens if you were to travel back in time and killed your grandfather. Your grandfather would be dead, meaning you would never have been born, which means you could not have been alive to go back in time and kill your grandfather, but that means your grandfather would be alive and you would be born and so on with seemingly no answer.
Money
Kinds
Types of bank deposits:
Grandfather paradox
Since, as far as we know, time travel of this kind is not possible, the paradox is not one we will face in practice.
All Day and All of the Night
"All Day and All of the Night" is a 1964 song by British band The Kinks and is the follow-up to their 1964 hit You Really Got Me. It was later included on their second studio album Kinks-Size. It went to number 2 in the United Kingdom, number 5 in New Zealand, number 7 in the United States, number 9 in the Netherlands, number 12 in Canada and France, number 14 in Australia, number 18 in Sweden, number 22 in Germany and number 40 in Belgium. It was covered by The Stranglers in 1988 and went to number 7 in the United Kingdom.
Russy, Calvados
Russy, Calvados is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Aure sur Mer.
Autumn Sonata
Autumn Sonata (Höstsonaten, Herbstsonate) is a 1978 Swedish West German drama movie directed by Ingmar Bergman. Starring Ingrid Bergman in her final movie role, Liv Ullmann, Lena Nyman, Halvar Björk, Marianne Aminoff, Arne Bang-Hansen, Gunnar Björnstrand, Erland Josephson, Georg Løkkeberg, Mimi Pollak, Linn Ullmann. It was distributed by Constantin Film.
1994 Asian Games
The 1994 Asian Games, also known as the XII Asian Games, was a sports event in Hiroshima, Japan. It occurred from 2 October to 16 October, 1994. There were 337 events from 34 sports and disciplines.
Patricia Knatchbull, 2nd Countess Mountbatten of Burma
Patricia Edwina Victoria Knatchbull, 2nd Countess Mountbatten of Burma (14 February 1924 – 13 June 2017) was a British peeress and the third cousin of Queen Elizabeth II. She was the elder daughter of Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma and his wife, the heiress Edwina Ashley, a patrilineal descendant of the Earls of Shaftesbury, first ennobled in 1661.
Knatchbull was the elder sister of Lady Pamela Hicks, and first cousin to Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and the last surviving baptismal sponsor to Prince Charles, Prince of Wales.
Biography
Mountbatten succeeded her father when he was assassinated in 1979, as his peerages had been created by the Crown with special remainder to his daughters and their heirs male. This inheritance accorded her the title of countess and a seat in the House of Lords, where she remained until 1999, when the House of Lords Act 1999 removed most hereditary peers from the House.
Knatchbull died on 13 June 2017 in Kent, England at the age of 93.
Victorious
Victorious (stylized as VICTORiOUS) is an American sitcom created by Dan Schneider that originally aired on Nickelodeon from March 27, 2010, to February 2, 2013. The show revolves around aspiring singer Tori Vega (portrayed by Victoria Justice), a teenager who attends a performing arts high school called Hollywood Arts High School, after taking her older sister Trina's (Daniella Monet) place in a showcase while getting into screwball situations on a daily basis. On her first day at Hollywood Arts, she meets Andre Harris (Leon Thomas III), Robbie Shapiro (Matt Bennett), Rex Powers (Robbie's puppet), Jade West (Elizabeth Gillies), Cat Valentine (Ariana Grande), and Beck Oliver (Avan Jogia).
Plot
The series follows Tori Vega, a teenage girl who is accepted into Hollywood Arts, a performing arts high school for talented teens. The show follows Tori and her friends as she finds her place within Hollywood Arts, completing school projects that usually involve musical and theatrical performances, and overcoming unusual and absurd challenges. Other students at Hollywood Arts (and the students who make up Tori's group of friends) include the musical prodigy Andre Harris, the socially awkward Robbie Shapiro and his ventriloquist dummy Rex, the sweet but dim-witted red-head Cat Valentine, the sarcastic and mean Jade West (who serves as Tori's frenemy), Jade's handsome down-to-earth boyfriend Beck Oliver, and Tori's untalented and self-absorbed older sister Trina. Other characters include Erwin Sikowitz, the performing-arts teacher for Hollywood Arts; Lane Alexander, the school's guidance counselor; and Sinjin Van Cleef, an odd and often unsettling classmate that handles audiovisual.
The House of the Dead (1932 movie)
The House of the Dead (Мёртвый дом) is a 1932 Soviet drama movie directed by Vasili Fyodorov. The movie is based on the novel of the same name by Fyodor Dostoevsky. It stars Nikolay Khmelyov, Nikolai Podgorny, and Nikolai Vitovtov.
Charlie Silvera
Charles Anthony Ryan Silvera (October 13, 1924 – September 7, 2019) was an American Major League Baseball player and coach. He was part of six World Series championships with the New York Yankees. He played for the team between 1948 through 1956. He later played for the Chicago Cubs in 1957. He was a scout for the Atlanta Braves
Silvera was born in San Francisco, California. He died on September 7, 2019 in Millbrae, California at the age of 94.
Šilalė
Šilalė is a city in Tauragė County, Lithuania. It is found 30 km north of Tauragė.
Samuelsons
Samuelsons was a country and gospel group from Sweden, between the 1960s and 80's. It consisted of the brothers Rolf (1939–1981), Kjell (born 1942), Olle (born 1950) and Jard Samuelson (born 1952).
In December 1966 the first album was released in the USA, and was awarded three stars by Billboard. They soon became popular throughout Europe, Canada and the USA.
President of Afghanistan
The President of Afghanistan was the head of state of Afghanistan. Afghanistan has only been a republic between 1973 and 1992 and from 2001 onwards. Before 1973, it was a monarchy that was governed by a variety of kings, emirs or shahs. There was a civil war from 1992 to 2001.
After the 2021 Taliban offensive and the near seizure of the capital, incumbent President Ashraf Ghani fled Afghanistan to Tajikistan on 15 August 2021. After Ghani fled the country, the Taliban occupied the Presidential Palace. The office was abolished on 6th September 2021.
Powers
The constitution of Afghanistan gave the president wide powers over military and legislative affairs. There was a weak national parliament.
Kinnelon, New Jersey
Kinnelon is a borough in Morris County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 10,248. It is a low-density, suburban community, with many parks and trails.
Electoral district of Ninderry
Ninderry is an electoral district of Queensland. It was created in 2017.
Ninderry is on the Sunshine Coast.
1998 Asian Games
The 1998 Asian Games, also known as the XIII Asian Games, was a sports event in Bangkok, Thailand. It occurred from 6 December to 20 December, 1998. There were 377 events from 36 sports and disciplines.
Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan
Background
The Speaker is second in the line of succession to the President and he occupies fourth position in the Warrant of Precedence, after the President, the Prime Minister and the Chairman of Senate.
In addition, the Speaker is the spokesman of the House to the outside world, and is non-partisan in his approach. In order to exercise the great authority that stems from the respect, affection and consideration which every Member of the House bestows upon the holder of this high office, the Speaker shows complete impartiality in the discharge of his functions.
When the National Assembly is dissolved he continues in his office, till a new Speaker is elected.
Angoor
Angoor  is a 1982 Indian Hindi-language comedy movie. It was directed by Gulzar. The movie stars Sanjeev Kumar and Deven Verma in double roles. It is a remake of the 1968 Indian movie Do Dooni Char. That movie was a remake of the 1963 Bengali language movie Bhranti Bilas. It was based on Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar's Bengali novel by the same name. That book was based on Shakespeare's play The Comedy of Errors. Angoor was remade by Rohit Shetty as Cirkus. All of the characters in the move are innocent. Destiny plays the main role in bringing all characters to one place. This is different from most movies that have characters who are not innocent and make false statements to fool other characters.
Sypnopsis
The story is based on Shakespeare's The Comedy of Errors. This is a story of two pair of identical twins and mistaken identities.
Home media
The DVD version of the movie was released by IndiaWeekly under its own label.
Acritarch
Acritarchs are early microfossils, the remains, probably, of eukaryote cells. It is the resistant single-layered cell walls, or perhaps a cover secreted by cell walls, that we see in early rocks of the Proterozoic era. These structures are organic in their chemical composition, not calcium carbonate. Their precise nature is not known, but they look like the resting stages of modern dinoflagellates (the 'red tide' organisms).
Acritarchs appear in quantity in organic-rich shales and siltstone strata 1.4 to 1.6 billion years old. p57 They include a wide range of forms, so it is not clear whether or not they are monophyletic. At about 1 billion years ago they started to increase in abundance, diversity, and especially size and number of spines. Their populations crashed during the Cryogenian period 860 million years ago (the Snowball Earth episodes). They proliferated in the Cambrian explosion and reached their highest diversity in the Palaeozoic. They survived at least until the Ordovician period. p256
Ryes
Ryes is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Acritarch
The increased spininess possibly resulted from the need for defence against predators large enough to swallow them or tear them apart. Other groups of small organisms from the Neoproterozoic era also show signs of anti-predator defences.
Recent discovery
A recent discovery has greatly extended our knowledge of acritarchs. Large (50μm) acritarchs have been found in silica-based rocks of Archaean age in South Africa. These rocks date to 3,200 million years ago, which makes them the second oldest life to be found as fossils. The earliest are cyanobacteria found in stromatolites.
5 Seconds of Summer
5 Seconds of Summer (abbreviated 5SOS) is a pop-rock band from Quakers Hill, a Western suburb of Sydney, Australia. The band has 4 members: Calum Hood (bass guitar, vocals), Michael Clifford (guitar, vocals), Luke Hemmings (lead vocals, guitar), and Ashton Irwin (drums, vocals). Luke, Calum, and Michael all attended Norwest Christian College in Riverstone, NSW. Ashton, however, attended Richmond High School in Richmond, NSW. Michael came up with the name '5 Seconds of Summer'. Calum writes most of their music and they often sing about love or according to Ashton, life. The band have talked about being heavily influenced by famous rock bands such as Green Day, All Time Low, Blink-182, and Nirvana. In an interview, they stated that their music was "Basically the love child of all their favorite bands". They have also said that their hero is Billie Joe Armstrong, the lead singer of Green Day. They supported Hot Chelle Rae on their 2012 "Whatever" tour. They toured with One Direction for their TMH and WWA tours and gained international fame. They now have their own tour "Rock Out With Your Socks Out" (ROWYSO). Their second headline tour started in February 2016, "Sounds Live Feels Live" (SLFL). The band has released four albums, 5 Seconds of Summer, Sounds Good Feel Good, Youngblood and Calm, in that order.
Lamborghini Espada
The Lamborghini Espada is a station wagon made by Lamborghini. It was made from 1968 to 1978. There were three generations of the Espada. These generations were known as Series I, Series II, and Series III.
5 Seconds of Summer
Career
5 Seconds of Summer started out with Luke Hemming making covers on YouTube and, then he invited Calum and Michael to the band as well, where they were quickly getting recognition. Later on, they were in need of a drummer which led them to Ashton Irwin on Facebook from a mutual friend, and they officially became a band on December 3 ,2011. Louis Tomlinson and Niall Horan from One Direction later directed their attention toward them. Over the years 5SOS released EP's like Somewhere New (2012), Unplugged (2012), Don't Stop (2014), Good Girls (2014), Amnesia (2014), and She's Kinda Hot (2015). They proceeded to release their first album "5 Seconds of Summer" on June 27, 2014 which got recognition from fans worldwide and resulted in their first headlining tour "Rock Out With Your Socks Out". Their second album "Sounds Good Feels Good" was released on October 23, 2015, followed by their second headlining world tour "Sounds Live Feels Live". The band released their 3rd album, Youngblood, on the 15th June, 2018, after returning from their 3-year hiatus. Since then, the band has featured on The Chainsmokers' single "Who Do You Love", and joined The Chainsmokers on their tour, World War Joy. They went on the No Shame tour and will be featuring the famous rock band, All Time Low. The band has just finished their latest album. It’s called 5SOS5 and features songs like Bad Omens(2022), Easy For You To Say (2022) and Me, Myself And I (2022). They are also going on their 12th headlining tour to promote the record, playing in counrties like Argentina, Portugal, and the United States.
Acritarch
Recent discovery
The significance of this is that acritarchs are eukaryotes. This means that eukaryotes were present at least 1.5 billion years earlier than had been supposed.
Lamborghini Espada
History
The Lamborghini Espada was designed by Marcello Gandini in 1967.
The Espada is a four-seater grand-touring car. It was initially sold at the same time as the Islero and the mid-engine Miura. The Espada and the Islero both replaced the 400 GT.
Three different series of the Espada were made. These were the S1 (1968–1970), the S2 (1970–1972) and the S3 (1972–1978). Each series was an update from the last, with changes such as more horsepower and a redesigned interior. Overall, 1,217 Espadas were made.
Series I
The Espada was launched at the 1968 Geneva Motor Show, alongside the Islero. The Espada was equipped with a 3929 cc Lamborghini V12 engine, which was based off the one used in the 400 GT 2+2. The engine was rated at 325 hp in the series I cars. 186 Series I Espadas were made before January 1970.
Series II
At the 1970 Brussels Motor Show, Lamborghini revealed the Series II version of the Espada. The power output of the Espada increased to 350 hp due to a higher 10.7:1 compression ratio. The brakes were changed to vented Girling discs instead of solid discs. CV joints were now used on the rear half-shafts. Lamborghini made 575 of the Series II Espadas, which was the most of any series of Espada.
Series III
The Series III Espada was launched in 1972. It was fitted with wider Pirelli Cinturato 215/70WR15 CN12 tyres. The front grille now had a square instead of hexagonal mesh. A sunroof was also made an option for the Series III.
The 350 hp engine was carried over from the Series II Espada. Power steering by ZF and air conditioning were now standard. In 1974, a Chrysler Torqueflite 3 speed automatic transmission became available as an option.
From 1975, large impact bumpers had to be installed to meet United States safety requirements. Other changes had to be made for the car to meet US laws. Some people consider these later US-spec cars to be a separate fourth series of the Espada.
Engine and transmission
The Espada used an updated version of the 400 GT’s 4.0 liter V12 engine. The engine produced 325 hp horsepower in the Series I Espada, and 350 hp in the Series II and III Espadas. The engine was paired to a five-speed manual transmission, with a three-speed Chrysler-built automatic transmission as an option for the Series III Espada.
Susch
Susch (formerly Süs) was a municipality of the district of Inn in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2015, the municipalities of Lavin and Susch became part of the municipality of Zernez.
The Flüela Pass connects Susch with Davos.
Papaoutai
"Papaoutai" is a song by Stromae, a singer from Belgium. It was released digitally in Belgium on May 13, 2013. It peaked at number 2 in Belgium and at number 15 in France.
Music Video
The video was released on June 6 on Youtube, with a length of three minutes and fifty three seconds.
¡Que viva México!
¡Que viva México! (Да здравствует Мексика!) is a 1932 Soviet movie directed by Sergei Eisenstein.
Haji Sawan Khan Gopang
Haji Sawan Khan Gopang is a Union Council of Hyderabad Taluka (rural) in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It has a population of 24,005.
Wasserburg am Inn
Wasserburg am Inn (Central Bavarian: Wassabuag am Inn) is a town in Rosenheim, a district (Landkreis) in Upper Bavaria.
Sediment
Sediment is made of small particles deposited in water or on land. After deposition, sediments may stay in their new place a long time and be covered by newer sediments. Pressure may slowly transform sediment into sedimentary rocks.
The word sediment is also used for material transported by wind or water, and deposited on the surface. Sediments are often eroded again and deposited in a new place. The study of how sedimentary rocks are formed is called sedimentology.
In more general use, sediment is any matter which falls to the bottom of a liquid, such as beer.
Sam Beazley
Sam Beazley (29 March 1916 – 12 June 2017) was a British actor. He began acting as a teenager in the 1930s. He appeared with John Gielgud in productions of Hamlet (1934) and Romeo and Juliet (1935).
He returned to acting when he was 75. Since then has appeared in a variety of stage and movie productions. In his 90s, he became a painter. He was known for his role as Everard in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (2007).
Beazley died on 12 June 2017 at the age of 101.