cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Cutting board
A cutting board or chopping board is a strong board used to chop food on. It may also be used to cut raw materials such as leather or plastic. Kitchen cutting boards are often made of wood or plastic. There are also cutting boards made of glass, steel, marble or corian. These kinds of cutting boards are easier to clean than wooden or plastic ones. On the down side, they normally damage knives.
Neillsville, Wisconsin
Neillsville is a city in Clark County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2010 census, 2,463 people lived there. Meillsville is the county seat of Clark County.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.87 sqmi. Of this, 2.77 sqmi is land and 0.10 sqmi is water.
Hilbert space
A Hilbert space is a mathematical concept covering the extra-dimensional use of Euclidean space—i.e., a space with more than three dimensions. A Hilbert space uses the mathematics of two and three dimensions to try and describe what happens in greater than three dimensions. It is named after David Hilbert.
Vector algebra and calculus are methods normally used in the two-dimensional Euclidean plane and three-dimensional space. In Hilbert spaces, these methods can be used with any finite or infinite number of dimensions. A Hilbert space is a vector space that has the structure of an inner product that allows length and angle to be measured. Hilbert spaces also have to be complete, which means that enough limits have to exist for calculus to work.
Saint-Cyr-le-Gravelais
Saint-Cyr-le-Gravelais is a commune of 474 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Hilbert space
The earliest Hilbert spaces were studied in the first decade of the 20th century by David Hilbert, Erhard Schmidt, and Frigyes Riesz. John von Neumann first came up with the name "Hilbert Space". Hilbert space methods made a big difference to functional analysis.
Nurul Huda Abdullah
Nurul Huda Abdullah @ Ch'ng Su-Lin AMN (born 31 July 1972) is a former Malaysian competitive swimmer.
Hilbert space
Hilbert spaces show up a lot in mathematics, physics, and engineering, often as infinite-dimensional function spaces. They are especially useful for studying partial differential equations, quantum mechanics, Fourier analysis (which includes signal processing and heat transfer). Hilbert spaces are used in ergodic theory which is the mathematical basis of thermodynamics. All normal Euclidean spaces are also Hilbert spaces. Other examples of Hilbert spaces include spaces of square-integrable functions, spaces of sequences, Sobolev spaces made up of generalized functions, and Hardy spaces of holomorphic functions.
Nurul Huda Abdullah
She holds the record of the most number of gold medals won at the Southeast Asian Games (SEA Games) for a Malaysian athlete, having won a total of 22 gold medals in the swimming events at three SEA Games (from 1985 to 1989).
She was the first Malaysian swimmer to win a medal at the Asian Games and remains the only Malaysian female swimmer to have won medals at the Asian Games and Asian Swimming Championships, with a total of 2 silver and 2 bronze medals at the 10th Asian Games 1986 Seoul, and a total of 2 silver and 1 bronze medal at the 3rd Asian Swimming Championship (1988) in Guangzhou.
Neillsville, Wisconsin
History
The first European settlers in the area were James O'Neill and his party. They moved to the area around 1845. The group was looking for a place to build a sawmill on the Black River. The city was named O’Neill’s Mill after James O'Neill. O'Neill Creek, which runs through the center of the city, was also named for him.
Horseshoe Bay, Texas
Horseshoe Bay is a city in Llano and Burnet counties in the U.S. state of Texas. The CDP population was 3,337 at the 2000 census. The 2010 census put the population at 3,418.
James "T" Jones
James Carroll "T" Jones (January 10, 1931 – September 15, 2020) was an American football player, coach and athletic director. He was the starting quarterback of the Texas Longhorns in 1951–52. He was the athletic director at Texas Tech University from 1985 to 1993. Jones was born in Childress, Texas.
Jones died on September 15, 2020 in Horseshoe Bay, Texas at the age of 89.
Neillsville, Wisconsin
History
In 1854, O’Neill’s Mill was made the county seat of Clark County.
Neillsville was platted on April 14, 1855 and incorporated in April 1882.
Neillsville is where well known architect William L. Steele died. Poor health made Steele retire from architecture in late 1946. He left his oldest son William L. Steele, Jr. and partner Josiah D. Sandham in charge of the business. Steele moved to Neillsville to live with one of his daughters. He died at her house on March 4, 1949.
Neillsville is featured in 1995 comedy movie Tommy Boy. The movie starred Chris Farley and David Spade. When Paul (Rob Lowe), Tommy's Stepbrother, changes the orders in the shipping computer, he changes the order for Nelson Automotive in Neillsville, Wisconsin.
The Farmer's Daughter
The Farmer's Daughter is a political based 1947 movie. The movie is about a farmgirl who ends up working as a maid for a Congressman and his very powerful mother. Loretta Young stars as Katie Holstrom. Anna Q. Nillson plays as Mrs. Holstrom. Loretta Young received the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in this movie. The movie was released in March and April 1947 in the United States.
Old Trafford (area)
Old Trafford is where the Old Trafford football stadium is. It is the home of Manchester United F.C.. It is also where Old Trafford Cricket Ground is. This is the home of Lancashire County Cricket Club. They are at opposite ends of Brian Statham Way (this used to be Warwick Road) and Sir Matt Busby Way (this used to be Warwick Road North). The road between them still has the name Warwick Road. The southern part on the other side of the Metrolink line is Warwick Road South.
Darling Harbour
Darling Harbour is a harbour in Sydney, Australia. It has many shops and places to eat, and people like visiting it. It also has the Sydney Aquarium.
The Hart Foundation
The Hart Foundation is the name of several tag teams and stables made of members and close friends of the Hart wrestling family. The name originated in the World Wrestling Federation in 1985 with the original Hart Foundation made of brothers-in-law Bret Hart and Jim Neidhart.
WWE has consistently ranked the original Hart Foundation as one of the greatest tag teams in wrestling history.
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) is the national government body for scientific research in Australia. It was founded in 1926 originally as the Advisory Council of Science and Industry.
Pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome
Pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) is the name of a disease that normally begins in childhood. It causes Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and/or tics. The symptoms begin very suddenly. If it is not treated at the beginning the disease can be there also in adults. The reason for PANS can be a bacteria called "Group A streptococcus" (PANDAS type)  or an immunologic reaction to other pathogens like certain bacteria or viruses. (PITANDS type).
Signs and symptoms
Patients suffering from PANS show sudden begin OCD and/or tics and at least two of these symptoms:
Similar conditions
PANS shares symptoms with other diseases. Therefore diagnostic tests must be done to exclude other conditions like Sydenham's chorea, lupus erythematosus, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and Tourette syndrome. Proof of acute rheumatic fever would exclude a PANS classification.
Treatment
There is no direct treatment for PANS available yet. This means today only some of the symptoms can be treated. But scientists are already working to develop treatments with antibiotics and immune-based therapies that can heal the disease. Nevertheless early and consequent treatment of the symptoms seems to be important. Otherwise the disease can become a lifelong problem.
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea is an island country located on the Pacific Ocean. It is the east half of New Guinea island, plus some nearby islands. The capital city of Papua New Guinea is Port Moresby. The population of Papua New Guinea are mostly the Indigenous peoples of the island.
The island is in both Australasia and Oceania, which are two different terms for the continent of islands in the Pacific area. It borders Indonesia to the west and near Australia to the south.
History
Long ago, around 42,000 to 45,000 years ago, people came to Papua New Guinea. They were related to people who left Africa a long time ago and moved to other parts of the world. A study in 2016 found that it was about 50,000 years ago that these people came to a big land called Sahul, which is Australia and New Guinea combined. About 10,000 years ago, the sea level rose and New Guinea became an island. But even before that, the people in Australia and Papua New Guinea became different from each other about 37,000 years ago. Scientists found out that the ancestors of Papuans mixed with another group of people called Denisovans when they were in Asia a long time ago. They share 4% to 7% of their genes with these ancient people.
Around 9,000 years ago, people in New Guinea started growing their own plants and farming. This was one of the few places in the world where people did this without learning it from others. Later, around 2,500 years ago, some people who spoke Austronesian languages moved to the coasts of New Guinea. They brought new things like pottery, pigs, and fishing methods with them.
In the 18th century, traders brought a new kind of food called sweet potato to New Guinea. It was from South America and introduced by Portuguese traders to the Moluccas. People in New Guinea liked it and it became a popular food. Sweet potato gardens produced more crops than the traditional taro, and this helped societies grow and become more prosperous.
Richard Mason (novelist)
Richard Mason (16 May 1919-13 October 1997) was a British novelist and screenwriter. He is best known for writing The World of Suzie Wong. The book was adapted into a Broadway play in 1958. Mason's work became the basis for the 1960 film starring William Holden and Nancy Kwan.
Papua New Guinea
Administrative divisions
Papua New Guinea is divided into four regions. These regions are important for government, commercial, sporting and other activities.
The nation has 20 province-level divisions: eighteen, the Autonomous Region of Bougainville and the National Capital District. Each province is divided into one or more districts. The districts are divided into one or more Local Level Government areas.
The province-level divisions are as follows:
Richard Mason (novelist)
Selected works
In an overview of writings by and about Mason, OCLC/WorldCat lists roughly 20+ works in 180+ publications in 15 languages and 1,400+ library holdings.
Papua New Guinea
Administrative divisions
Parliament has approved two additional provinces by 2012: Hela Province, which will be part of the current Southern Highlands Province, and Jiwaka Province, which will be formed by dividing Western Highlands Province.
In Morobe (#11 on the map) there is a goldfield.
Jacques Prévert
Jacques Prévert (4 February 1900 – 11 April 1977) was a French poet and screenwriter. who wrote the screnario of Les Enfants du Paradis.
His parents were André Prévert and Suzanne Catusse. Jacques Prévert was married to Simone Dienne (1925 – 1946) then divorced and re-married to Janine Tricotet (1947 – 1977).
Burlington, Vermont
Burlington is a city in the American state of Vermont. It is the county seat of Chittenden County. Burlington was first settled in 1783. It became a city in 1865.
Population
Burlington is Vermont's largest city. It has a population of about 40,000 people. It is the smallest American city that is also the largest in its state. Burlington has a metropolitan population of about 210,000.
Sister Cities
Although there is no formal twinning agreement, Burlington takes part in the annual Burlington International Games with
Saint-Denis-d'Anjou
Saint-Denis-d'Anjou is a commune of 1,337 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
FAS Sanos
Sanos (Macedonian: Санос) is a company from Skopje, North Macedonia. It produces buses and special transport cars.
History
The factory was established in 1946 under the name FAS "11 October" AD Skopje, although the roots of the factory date back since 1930 when the factory was a workshop for reparation and production with more than 30 workers. Under the protected brand, Sanos, the factory were produced by all types of buses, medium buses, vehicles, special airport vehicles and trolleybuses with subcontractors, which successfully lasted until 2001 when production was temporarily stopped.
In April 2004, UNITIRES purchased the factory. The factory was quickly restarted under the new name factory for buses and vehicles "Sanos" (FAV "Sanos") and production has been updated and modernized scoring Quality that falls within the latest world standards in the production of buses and vehicles. The factory was quickly restarted under the new name factory for buses and vehicles "Sanos" (FAV "Sanos") and production has been updated and modernized.
A Day Without Me
"A Day Without Me" is a 1980 song by Irish rock band U2. It is the eighth track from their debut studio album Boy. It deals with the death of Joy Division singer Ian Curtis.
Villeneuve-les-Bordes
Villeneuve-les-Bordes is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Seine-et-Marne department in north-central France.
Kirchehrenbach
Kirchehrenbach is a municipality in the district of Forchheim in Bavaria in Germany.
Adonis Stevenson
Stevenson Adonis (born 22 September 1977), best known as Adonis Stevenson, is a Haitian Canadian former professional boxer. He competed from 2006 to 2018. He won the WBC, Ring magazine and lineal light-heavyweight titles in 2013. He was born in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Stevenson was considered one of boxing's hardest punchers during his prime.
He made ten successful defenses of the WBC and lineal titles until getting a life-threatening brain injury in his 2018 fight against Oleksandr Gvozdyk.
In 2012, Stevenson said he was in jail in Quebec, on charges of managing prostitutes, assault, and making threats.
Association football pitch
A football pitch (also known as a football field or soccer field) is the playing surface for the game of association football made of grass. Its dimensions and markings are defined by Law 1 of the Laws of the Game, "The Field of Play".
Nostradamus
Michel de Nostredame (14 or 21 December 1503 – 2 July 1566), also known as Nostradamus, was a French apothecary (or pharmacist) and allegedly a doctor. He was born in Provence. He is famous as a 'seer' who wrote collections of prophecies that have since become famous around the world. His best known book was called Les Propheties (The Prophecies) and first appeared in 1555. Since its first publication the book has rarely been out of print. Over the years, many people have come to believe that Nostradamus predicted a range of events in history. People often reached this conclusion by applying methods similar to the Bible code - i.e. by twisting the texts in such a way as to suggest that they predicted the future. He died of edema in Provence.
Most academics say that these associations between Nostradamus' quatrains and world events are the result of misinterpretations, or bad translations, that are so far-fetched that they are useless as a source of genuine prediction. What is more, no interpretation has yet managed to predict any event before it happened.
Fake Nostradamus prophecies
Some people have written prophecies that were wrongly assumed to be by Nostradamus. For example, in 1997 a college student in Canada wrote an essay that included a fake English quatrain (a four-line verse) written in the same style that Nostradamus used in French. The quatrain ended up on the Internet, where it was soon assumed that it was a verse by Nostradamus himself predicting the events of 9/11. So many people e-mailed it to their friends, thinking that it was by Nostradamus, that the associated websites and discussion forums were soon overwhelmed.
Caroline Kaart
Caroline Kaart (born Caroline Paterson Raitt; 21 December 1931 – 15 September 2020) was a Scottish-Dutch opera singer and television presenter. Kaart was born in Edinburgh. She was a mezzo-soprano. In 1982, she was honored with Order of Orange-Nassau. For many years, she was the host of Classic with Caroline.
Edward Arnold
Edward Arnold (born Günther Edward Arnold Schneider; February 18, 1890 – April 26, 1956) was an American actor.
Caroline Kaart
Kaart died on 15 September 2020 at the age of 88.
Edward Arnold
Arnold appeared in many blockbuster movies such as; You Can't Take With You, Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, Meet John Doe, Jonny Eager, and in The Toast of New York.
Arnold served as the President of the Screen Actors Guild. He served as president from 1940 to 1942.
Arnold died in Encino, California from a cerebral hemorrhage, aged 66.
Saint-Denis-de-Gastines
Saint-Denis-de-Gastines is a commune of 1,683 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Sydney Harbour Bridge
The Sydney Harbour Bridge, in Sydney Harbour, is a bridge that joins north Sydney with south Sydney. People can cross the bridge by car, walking or by train. It now carries eight traffic lanes. Using six intended traffic lanes and an additional two that were formally tram tracks.
There are two railway lanes that head in opposite directions. There is a tunnel that goes underneath. The bridge is an important tourist attraction. The scenery attracts many tourists and people living in or near the city. One of the many attractions of the Harbour Bridge is its famous 'BridgeClimb'. Luna Park Sydney is located next to the bridge.
The bridge is 1149 m long and 49 m wide. The highest point of the arch is 134 m tall. Building began on 19 March 1923 and ended in 1932. John Bradfield led the bridge's building.
The standards of industrial safety during construction were poor by today's standards. Sixteen workers died during construction,[31] but surprisingly only two were from falling off the bridge. Several more were injured from unsafe working practices undertaken whilst heating and inserting its rivets, and the deafness experienced by many of the workers in later years was blamed on the project.
Henri Mallard between 1930 and 1932 produced hundreds of stills[32] and film footage[33] which reveal at close quarters of the bravery of the workers in tough Great Depression era conditions.[citation needed]
The total financial cost of the bridge was AU£6.25 million, which was not paid off in full until 1988.[34]
IPhone 6
The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus are smartphones that are designed and made by Apple Inc. They were announced along with the Apple Watch during an event on September 9, 2014. They both serve as a successor to the iPhone 5S. These models mark the first major increases in screen size since the screen of the iPhone 5, measuring at 4.7 inches and 5.5 inches.
WOH S281
WOH S281 (also known as IRAS 05261-6614) is a red supergiant located in the constellation of Dorado. It is also one of the largest known stars with a radius of 1,376 times that of the Sun. If it was placed at the center of the solar system, its photosphere would reach past the orbit of Jupiter.
Phyllomedusa trinitatis
The Trinidad leaf frog or Trinidad leaf-nesting frog (Phyllomedusa trinitatis) is a frog that lives in Trinidad and in mountains in Venezuela near the ocean. Scientists have seen it up in the mountains, between 280 and 1000 meters above sea level.
Trough (meteorology)
Convective cells may form in the surrounding area of troughs and give birth to a tropical cyclone. Some tropical or subtropical areas, such as the Philippines or south China are greatly affected by convection cells along a trough. In the mid-latitude westerlies, troughs and ridges often exchange with each other, especially when upper-level winds are in a high-amplitude pattern. For a trough in the westerlies, the region just west of the trough axis is typically an area of convergent winds and descending air - and hence high pressure - while the region just east of the trough axis is an area of fast, divergent winds and low pressure. Tropical waves are a type of trough in easterly currents, a cyclonic northward deflection of the trade winds.
Matalan sola
Cherokee, North Carolina
The town is also a place that people like to go to on vacation. It has a lot of campgrounds, motels, and hotels for visitors to the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, with a major entrance to the park in the town. It is connected to Gatlinburg, Tennessee by U.S. Route 441. Cherokee is the southern end of the Blue Ridge Parkway. The Oconaluftee River is a place people go to for water sports. The Oconaluftee Indian Village has the outdoor drama Unto These Hills, which a lot of people liked.
Irdinansyah Tarmizi
Tarmizi died of colon cancer on 19 September 2020 at a hospital in Padang, Indonesia at the age of 63.
Isaac I Komnenos
Isaac I Komnenos (c. 1007 - 1 June 1060) was Byzantine Emperor from 1057 until 1059.
After he abdicated due to ill health, he retired to a monastery, where he died in 1060.
Devoll District
The District of Devoll is one of the thirty-six districts of Albania. It is part of Korçë County. The name is from the Devoll River flowing through the valley. About 33,785 people live in the district. The capital is Bilisht.
Saint-Denis-du-Maine
Saint-Denis-du-Maine is a commune of 307 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Saguache County, Colorado
Saguache County is a county in the state of Colorado in the United States. As of the 2020 census, 6,368 people lived there. The county seat is Saguache.
TV tuner card
A TV tuner card is a kind of television tuner that allows television signals to be received by a computer. Most TV tuners also function as video capture cards, allowing them to record television programs onto a hard disk much like the digital video recorder (DVR) does.
A DVB-S2 tuner card
D-Link external TV tuner
The interfaces for TV tuner cards are most commonly either PCI bus expansion card or the newer PCI Express (PCIe) bus for many modern cards, but PCMCIA, ExpressCard, or USB devices also exist. In addition, some video cards double as TV tuners, notably the ATI All-In-Wonder series. The card contains a tuner and an analog-to-digital converter(collectively known as the analog front end) along with demodulation and interface logic. Some lower-end cards lack an onboard processor and, like a Winmodem, rely on the system's CPU for demodulation.
San Juan County, Colorado
San Juan County is a county in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, 705 people lived there. The county seat is Silverton.
It is the least populous county in Colorado.
Arnold Walker
Thomas Arnold Walker (15 April 1952 – 12 May 2022), also known by the nickname of "Boxer", was an English professional rugby league footballer. He played in the 1970s and 1980s. He played at representative level for Great Britain, England and Cumbria, and at club level for Kells A.R.L.F.C., and Cumbrian rivals; Workington Town and Whitehaven. He was born in Whitehaven, Cumbria, England.
Walker died on 12 May 2022 from cancer in Cumbria, aged 70.
History of North America
The History of North America deals with an area where humans came to live relatively recently, compared to Africa, Europe, and Asia.
Mission Beach, Queensland
Mission Beach is a small village along the Coral Sea in Queensland, Australia. Dunk Island, a popular tourist destination is 4 km away. It is in the tropical rainforest. Mission Beach is a good place to see the cassowary, an endangered flightless bird.
History of North America
Scientists have different theories as to the origins of the early human population of the continent. The indigenous peoples of North America themselves have many creation stories, that tell that native Americans have been present on the land since its creation.
Pre-Columbian Era
Before contact with Europeans the natives of North America were divided into many different communities, from small bands of a few families to large empires. They lived in several culture areas, which roughly correspond to geographic and biological zones of North America and give a good indication of the main occupation of the people who lived there (e.g. the Bison hunters of the Great Plains, or the farmers of Mesoamerica). Native groups can also be classified by their language family. It is important to note that peoples with similar languages did not always share the same material culture, nor were they always allies.
Scientists believe that the Inuit people of the high Arctic came to North America much later than other native groups, as evidenced by the disappearance of Dorset culture artifacts from the archaeological record, and their replacement by the Thule people.
During the thousands of years of native inhabitation on the continent, cultures changed and shifted. Archaeologists often name different cultural groups they discover after the site where they are first found. One of the oldest cultures yet found is the Clovis culture of modern New Mexico. A more recent example is the group of related cultures called the Mound builders (e.g. the Fort Walton Culture), found in the Mississippi river valley. They flourished from 3000 BC to the 1500s AD.
The more southern cultural groups of North America were responsible for the domestication of many common crops now used around the world, such as tomatoes and squash. Perhaps most importantly they domesticated one of the world's major staples, maize (corn).
As a result of the development of agriculture in the south, important cultural development was possible there. For example, the Maya civilization developed a writing system, built huge pyramids, had a complex calendar, and developed the concept of zero 500 years before anyone in the Old World. The Mayan culture was still present when the Spanish arrived in Central America, but political dominance in the area had shifted to the Aztec Empire farther north.
Early discoveries
There was limited contact between North American peoples and the outside world before 1492. Several theoretical contacts have been proposed, but the earliest physical evidence comes to us from the Norse or Vikings. Norse captain Leif Erikson is believed to have reached the Island of Newfoundland circa 1000 AD. They named their new discovery Vinland. The only Norse site yet discovered in North America is at L'Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland and Labrador. The Norse colonies were later abandoned.
Vadencourt
Vadencourt is the name of two communes in France:
History of North America
Early discoveries
The Viking voyages did not become common knowledge in the Old World, and Europeans remained ignorant of the existence of the Americas, until 1492. As part of a general age of discovery Italian sailor Christopher Columbus proposed a voyage west from Europe to find a shorter route to Asia. He eventually received the backing of Isabella I and Ferdinand II, Queen and King of newly united Spain. In 1492 Columbus reached land in the Bahamas.
Magic Tour
The Magic Tour was the biggest and last tour by the English rock band Queen with their lead singer Freddie Mercury. The tour started in Sweden on 7 June 1986. It ended in England on 9 August 1986. The next band's tour Queen + Paul Rodgers Tour began about 19 years later, after the death of Freddie Mercury and the retirement of John Deacon. The tour included performances on 26 dates at Europe's stadiums. It was in support of their album A Kind of Magic.
In 1987, Mercury was diagnosed with HIV. The band made the decision together to stop touring. This made the concert at Knebworth on 9 August the last time the four members of Queen would perform onstage together.
History of North America
Early discoveries
Almost 500 years after the Norse, John Cabot explored the east coast of what would become Canada in 1497. Giovanni da Verrazzano explored the East Coast of America from Florida to presumably Newfoundland in 1524. Jacques Cartier made a series of voyages on behalf of the French crown in 1534 and penetrated the St. Lawrence River.
Successful colonization
Initially, European activity consisted mostly of trade and exploration. Eventually Europeans began to establish settlements. The three principal colonial powers were Spain, England, and France, although eventually even small powers like the Netherlands and Sweden received minor holdings on the continent.
The first successful English settlements were at Jamestown (1607) (along with its satellite, Bermuda in 1609) and Plymouth (1620), in what are today Virginia and Massachusetts respectively. The first French settlements were Port Royal (1604) and Quebec City (1608) in what is now Nova Scotia and Quebec. The Fur Trade soon became the primary business on the continent and as a result transformed the Native Americans lifestyle.
Farther to the south, plantation slavery became the main industry of the West Indies, and this gave rise to the beginning of the Atlantic slave trade.
Colonial Era
By 1663 the French crown had taken over control of New France from the fur-trading companies, and the English charter colonies gave way to more metropolitan control. This ushered in a new era of more formalized colonialism in North America.
Rivalry between the European powers created a series of wars on the North American landmass that would have great impact on the development of the colonies. Territory often changed hands multiple times. Peace was not achieved until French forces in North America were vanquished at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham at Quebec City, and France ceded most of her claims outside of the Caribbean.
Viceroyalty of New Spain was the name of the viceroy-ruled territories of the Spanish Empire in Asia, North America and its peripheries from 1535 to 1821.
Creation myth
Cherokee
In the beginning, there was just water. All the animals lived above it and the sky was overcrowded. They were all curious about what was beneath the water and one day Dayuni'si, the water beetle, volunteered to explore it. He explored the surface but could not find any solid ground. He explored below the surface to the bottom and all he found was mud which he brought back to the surface. After collecting the mud, it began to grow in size and spread outwards until it became the Earth as we know it.
Barry Ackroyd
Barry Ackroyd (born 12 May 1954) is an English Cinematographer. His notable films include United 93, The Hurt Locker and Capain Phillips. He won an Academy Award for Best Cinematography for The Hurt Locker. He has worked with the directors Ken Loach, Paul Greengrass and Kathryn Bigelow. The films that Ackroyd works in are usually very realistic and naturalistic.
Creation myth
Kiowa Apache
In the beginning nothing existed, darkness was all around. Suddenly from the darkness came a thin disc, one side yellow and the other side white, appearing suspended in midair. Within the disc sat a small bearded man, Creator, the One Who Lives Above. When he looked into the endless darkness, light appeared above. He looked down and it became a sea of light. To the east, he created yellow streaks of dawn. To the west, tints of many colors appeared everywhere. There were also clouds of different colors. He also created three other gods: a little girl, a sun god and a small boy. Then he created celestial phenomena, the winds, the tarantula, and the earth from the sweat of the four gods mixed together in the Creator's palms, from a small round, brown ball, not much larger than a bean. The world was expanded to its current size by the gods kicking the small brown ball. Creator told Wind to go inside the ball and to blow it up. The tarantula, who knew what to do, spun a black cord and, attaching it to the ball, crawled away fast to the east, pulling on the cord with all his strength. Tarantula repeated with a blue cord to the south, a yellow cord to the west, and a white cord to the north. With mighty pulls in each direction, the brown ball stretched to immeasurable size--it became the earth! No hills, mountains, or rivers were visible; only smooth, treeless, brown plains appeared. Then the Creator created the rest of the beings and features of the Earth.
Judeo-Christian-Islamic account
In the Judeo-Christian-Islamic story, it is believed that an entity referred to as God created the universe in six days.
Christians that believe God created the Universe in exactly the way described in the Bible are called creationists. Other Christians think that the biblical creation story has fundamental truths and messages, but should not be taken literally.
In other cultures/religions
Many cultures have stories describing the origin of the world, which may be roughly grouped into common types. In one type of story, the world is born from a world egg; such stories include the Finnish epic poem Kalevala, the Chinese story of Pangu or the Indian Brahmanda Purana. In related stories, the creation is caused by a single entity emanating or producing something by his or herself, as in the Tibetan Buddhism concept of Adi-Buddha, the ancient Greek story of Gaia (Mother Earth), the Aztec goddess Coatlicue myth, the ancient Egyptian god Atum story, or the Genesis creation myth. In another type of story, the world is created from the union of male and female deities, as in the Maori story of Rangi and Papa. In other stories, the Universe is created by crafting it from pre-existing materials, such as the corpse of a dead god — as from Tiamat in the Babylonian epic Enuma Elish or from the giant Ymir in Norse mythology – or from chaotic materials, as in Izanagi and Izanami in Japanese mythology. In another type of story, the world is created by the command of a divinity, as in the ancient Egyptian story of Ptah or the Genesis creation myth as a part of Jewish and Christian mythology. In other stories, the universe emanates from fundamental principles, such as Brahman and Prakrti, or the yin and yang of the Tao.
Although Heraclitus argued for eternal change, his quasi-contemporary Parmenides made the radical suggestion that all change is an illusion, that the true underlying reality is eternally unchanging and of a single nature. Parmenides denoted this reality as το εν (The One). Parmenides' theory seemed implausible to many Greeks, but his student Zeno of Elea challenged them with several famous paradoxes. Aristotle resolved these paradoxes by developing the notion of an infinitely divisible continuum, and applying it to space and time.
The Indian philosopher Kanada, founder of the Vaisheshika school, developed a theory of atomism and proposed that light and heat were varieties of the same substance. In the 5th century AD, the Buddhist atomist philosopher Dignāga proposed atoms to be point-sized, durationless, and made of energy. They denied the existence of substantial matter and proposed that movement consisted of momentary flashes of a stream of energy.
The theory of temporal finitism was inspired by the doctrine of creation shared by the three Abrahamic religions: Judaism, Christianity and Islam. The Christian philosopher, John Philoponus, presented the philosophical arguments against the ancient Greek notion of an infinite past. Philoponus' arguments against an infinite past were used by the early Muslim philosopher, Al-Kindi (Alkindus); the Jewish philosopher, Saadia Gaon (Saadia ben Joseph); and the Muslim theologian, Al-Ghazali (Algazel). They employed two logical arguments against an infinite past, the first being the "argument from the impossibility of the existence of an actual infinite", which states:
The second argument, the "argument from the impossibility of completing an actual infinite by successive addition", states:
Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (1149–1209) criticized the idea of the Earth's centrality within the universe. In the context of his commentary on the Qur'anic verse, "All praise belongs to God, Lord of the Worlds," he raises the question of whether the term "worlds" in this verse refers to "multiple worlds within this single universe or cosmos, or to many other universes or a multiverse beyond this known universe." He rejected the Aristotelian and Avicennian notions of a single universe revolving around a single world, and instead argued that there are more than "a thousand thousand worlds (alfa alfi 'awalim) beyond this world such that each one of those worlds be bigger and more massive than this world as well as having the like of what this world has." He argued that there exists an infinite outer space beyond the known world, and that God has the power to fill the vacuum with an infinite number of universes.
History of North America
Age of Revolutions
The coming of the American Revolution had a great impact across the continent. Most importantly it directly led to the creation of the United States of America. However, the associated American Revolutionary War was an important war that touched all corners of the region. The flight of the United Empire Loyalists led to the creation of English Canada as a separate community. Meanwhile, Spain's hold on Mexico was weakening. Independence was declared in 1810 by Miguel Hidalgo, starting the Mexican War of Independence. In 1813, José María Morelos and the Congress of Anáhuac signed the Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Northern America, the first legal document where the separation of the New Spain with respect to Spain is proclaimed. Spain finally recognized Mexico's independence in 1821.
Expansion era
From the time of independence of the United States, that country expanded rapidly to the west, acquiring the massive Louisiana territory in 1803. An attempt at northern expansion was blocked by Britain during the War of 1812. At the same time, British settlement in Canada increased. US expansion was complicated by the division between "free" and "slave" states, which led to the Missouri Compromise 1820. Likewise, Canada faced a division between French and English communities that led to the outbreak of civil strife in 1837. Mexico faced constant political tensions between liberals and conservatives, as well as the rebellion of the English-speaking region of Tejas, which declared itself the Republic of Texas 1836. In 1845 Texas joined the United States, which would later lead to the Mexican–American War. As a result of conflict with Mexico, the United States made further territorial gains in California and the Southwest.
In Mexico, the entire era was dominated by the dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz.
The Great War
As part of the British Empire, Canada immediately was at war in 1914. Canadian troops bore the brunt of several major battles during the early stages of the war including the use of poison gas attacks at Ypres. Newfoundland troops suffered a devastating loss on July 1, 1916, the First day on the Somme. Losses became grave, and the government eventually brought in conscription, despite the fact this was against the wishes of the majority of French Canadians. In the ensuing Conscription Crisis of 1917, riots broke out on the streets of Montreal.
Abdominal migraine
Abdominal migraine (AM) is a kind of migraine which causes severe pain in the area of the abdomen. The pain is usually around the navel (belly button) area, which is called the periumbilical area.
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Tuscaloosa is a city and county seat of Tuscaloosa County, Alabama. Tuscaloosa has a population of about 84,000 people and a metro population of about 117,000 people. Tuscaloosa has an area of about 66 sqmi. It sits at a height of 223 feet.
Ethel Barrymore
Ethel Barrymore (or Ethel Mae Blythe; 15 August 1879 – 18 June 1959) was an American actress. She was a member of the Barrymore family of actors. She became quite popular in stage and on Broadway.
Abdominal migraine
AM is most common in children starting at about age 7, but younger and older children may also get AM. Usually, abdominal migraines stop by the time children become teenagers. However, children who have had AM are more likely to have migraine headaches when they are adults. Sometimes adults also have abdominal migraines.
Ethel Barrymore
Barrymore's first appearance was in 1895, in The Imprudent Young Couple. She played Nora in the play A Doll's House in 1905. She was also in the critically acclaimed movie None but the Lonely Heart. She was in Alfred Hitchcock movies. She was the sister of actors John and Lionel Barrymore and grand-aunt of the actress Drew Barrymore.
Abdominal migraine
Abdominal migraine causes paroxysmal attacks - attacks that happen suddenly, and happen again and again. The attacks can last from 1–72 hours, but they usually last less than 6 hours. They happen about one-third more often in females than in males.
History of North America
The Great War
The United States stayed apart from the conflict until 1917, joining the Entente powers. The United States was then able to play a crucial role at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 that shaped interwar Europe.
Abdominal migraine
Abdominal migraines can cause other symptoms along with bad pain in the abdomen. People with AM usually have at least two of these other symptoms: nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite (not wanting to eat), headache, photophobia (being bothered by lights), and pallor (pale skin).
AM is more common in children of women who have had migraine headaches. This suggests that AM may have a genetic cause (a cause that is passed down from parents to their children).
Signs and symptoms
Abdominal migraines can cause many different symptoms. A person having an AM may have all of these symptoms, or only a few.
History of North America
The Great War
Mexico was not part of the war as the country was embroiled in the Mexican Revolution at the time.
Abdominal migraine
Diagnosis
To diagnose abdominal migraine, first a doctor takes a patient's clinical history (where the doctor gathers information about all of the medical problems and medical treatments the patient has ever had). The doctor also takes a family history (gathering information about family members' health), because many medical problems may be inheritable medical conditions. This means that the problems may be passed down from parents to children, possibly because of problems in the family's genes. Most people with abdominal migraines have family members (especially mothers) who have also had migraines.
History of North America
Interwar years
The 1920s brought an age of great prosperity in the United States, and to a lesser degree Canada. But the Wall Street Crash of 1929 combined with drought ushered in a period of economic hardship in the United States and Canada.
Ethel Barrymore
Barrymore was born in Philadelphia. She died from heart disease in Hollywood, California.
History of North America
The Second World War
Once again Canada found itself at war before its neighbours, however even Canadian contributions were slight before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
Saint-Ellier-du-Maine
Saint-Ellier-du-Maine is a commune of 465 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Sainte-Gemmes-le-Robert
Sainte-Gemmes-le-Robert is a commune of 930 people (2004). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
History of North America
The Second World War
The entry of the United States into the war helped to tip the balance in favour of the allies.
Two Mexican tankers, transporting oil to the United States, were attacked and sunk by the Germans in the Gulf of Mexico waters, in 1942. The incident happened in spite of Mexico's neutrality at that time. This led Mexico to declare war to the Axis nations and entered the conflict.
The devastation of Europe in the war led North American countries to more important roles in world affairs. The United States especially emerged as a "superpower".
Post-War
The early Cold War era saw the United States as the most powerful nation in a Western coalition of which Mexico and Canada were also a part. At home, the United States witnessed convulsive change especially in the area of race relations. In Canada this was mirrored by the Quiet Revolution and the emergence of Quebec nationalism.
Mexico experienced an era of huge economic growth after World War II, a heavy industrialization process and a growth of its middle class, a period known in Mexican history as the "El Milagro Mexicano" (Mexican miracle).
The Caribbean saw the beginnings of decolonization, while on the largest island the Cuban Revolution introduced Cold War rivalries into Latin America.
Abdominal migraine
Differential diagnoses
Before making a final diagnosis of abdominal migraine, a doctor must rule out differential diagnoses. These are other medical problems which could cause the same symptoms as AM. The doctor must make sure that the patient doesn't actually have one of these other problems instead of AM:
Machine Gun Kelly (musician)
He is currently signed to Sean Combs' Bad Boy Records and Interscope Records. He was also named the Hottest Breakthrough MC of 2011 by MTV on December 14, 2011. His song "Invincible" featuring co-writer and singer Ester Dean is the official theme song of WrestleMania XXVIII.
Since May 2020, he has been in a relationship with actress Megan Fox. On January 12, 2022, Fox announced that the two were engaged.
Laura Bell Bundy
Laura Bell Bundy (born April 10, 1981) is an American actress and singer. She performed in many Broadway roles. She played Amber Von Tussle in the stage version of Hairspray. She played Elle Woods in the stage version of Legally Blonde.
Bundy was born in Lexington, Kentucky. She was also raised there.
Ice cream van
An ice cream van (British English) or ice cream truck (American English) is a vehicle that serves ice cream. Ice cream vans are often parked at public events, or near parks and beaches.
Ice cream vans often drive near where children play such as schools and in neighbourhoods. They usually stop before going to the next street.
Ice cream vans are usually brightly decorated and have images of ice creams and cartoon characters on them.
Ice cream vans have a large serving hatch with a large sliding window at the side of the van. Many times the window has small pictures of the available ice creams with their prices.