cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Ghassan Kanafani
Ghassan Kanafani (9 April 1936 – 8 July 1972) was a Palestinian author, activist and member of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP). He wrote many influential texts including Men in the Sun (1962). At the age of 36, he was killed in a car bomb by Mossad.
Early Life
Born in the British Mandate of Palestine in the city of Acre on 9 April 1936, Kanafani and his family were forced to flee to Beirut, with the outbreak of the Arab-Israeli War in 1948. Afterwards, Kanafani and his family settled in Damascus, where he was expelled due to his political activity in support of Pan-Arabism. After spending some time in Kuwait, Kanafani eventually returned to Beirut where he joined the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) in 1967, serving as the spokesperson and editor of its newspaper, al-Hadaf.
Political Views
During his time in Beirut, Kanafani moved away from Pan-Arabism, a movement calling for unity of all Arab countries, and focused on the Palestinian struggle for liberation. He also became interested in Marxism, which made him join the PFLP the same year it was founded in 1967, as it declared itself as a Marxist-Leninist organization.
The PFLP was known to carry out armed attacks against Israel and thus, was labelled a terrorist organization by many Western countries including the EU.
Kanafani was never directly involved in these armed activity, yet he supported the armed struggle against Israel and rejected any negotiations with the state. In a 1970 interview, when he was asked by the Australian broadcaster Richard Carleton why he won't participate in “peace talks” with the Israelis, he famously responded with: “That’s the kind of conversation between the sword and the neck.”
Work
During his lifetime, Kanafani published many stories, his first and most famous novel, Men in the Sun, being translated into many different languages. Kanafani is often considered to be one of the most influential Palestinian writers, whose stories are part of a “resistance literature”, a term he created. The Palestinian resistance literature were an act of defiance because it preserved the Palestinian identity and allowed the stories of the people to be told, at a time where it was suppressed. Palestinians were forcefully displaced from their homeland, starting with the Nakba in 1948, and faced defeats with the loss of the Arab–Israeli War.
These stories reflect these painful experience of Palestinians who live under occupation, in refugee camps or abroad under harsh conditions. But instead of only documenting the pain of the Palestinian people and expressing the despair felt after the Nakba and loss of the Arab-Israeli War, Kanafani calls for resistance and to fight back against the Zionists. This made him stand out from other Palestinian writers who were in a state of self-pity.
Assassination and Legacy
After the massacre at Lod Airport in 1972 that killed 26 people, the Israeli secret service Mossad started to target members of the PFLP who, along with the Japanese Red Army, claimed responsibility for the attack. On 8 July 1972, Kanafani was killed in Beirut, along with his niece in a car bomb. The Israeli Mossad claimed responsibility.
However, he left a legacy behind that continues to inspire Palestinians. His face can be found as graffiti drawings throughout Palestine and its refugee camps. The Lebanese non-governmental organization Ghassan Kanafani Cultural Foundation (GKCF) that supports education for Palestinian refugee children in Lebanon is named after him, and was founded in 1974 on his second death anniversary.
Leon Spinks
Leon Spinks (July 11, 1953 – February 5, 2021) was an American boxer. He won the world heavyweight championship. He won a gold medal in the 1976 Olympics in the boxing category. He became a professional boxer. In his eighth bout, he won the heavyweight championship from Muhammad Ali. In his first defense, he lost the title back to Ali. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri.
Spinks continued boxing with little success after that. He fought Larry Holmes for the heavyweight title in 1981, but lost. He also fought for the cruiserweight championship, but he lost that fight, too. He stopped fighting in 1995.
He ws the brother of boxer Michael Spinks and the father of boxer Cory Spinks.
In December 2019, Spinks was hospitalized in Las Vegas after his prostate cancer spread to his bladder. He died on February 5, 2021 from the disease in Henderson, Nevada at the age of 67.
Dunfermline
Dunfermline (Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Phàrlain) is a town in Fife, Scotland. It sits on high ground three miles from the northern shore of the Firth of Forth, northwest of Edinburgh, and was an ancient capital of Scotland. It is home to Dunfermline Athletic F.C. who play at East End Park.
Pita Limjaroenrat
Pita Limjaroenrat (พิธา ลิ้มเจริญรัตน์,, ; nicknamed Tim; born 5 September 1980) is a Thai politician and businessman. He is the leader of the Move Forward Party. From 2019 to 2023, he was a member of the House of Representatives.
Chicken Every Sunday
Chicken Every Sunday is a 1949 American comedy movie. It was directed by George Seaton. The movie is based on the play of the same name by Julius J. Epstein and Philip G. Epstein. Actors include Dan Dailey, Celeste Holm, Colleen Townsend, Natalie Wood, Connie Gilchrist, Roy Roberts, Percy Helton, and Anthony Sydes. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Pita Limjaroenrat
Political career
Pita first joined as a member of the Future Forward Party (Thai:, RTGS: Phak Anakhot Mai). Pita initially joined as a member of the Future Forward Party (Thai:, RTGS: Phak Anakhot Mai). He accepted Thanathorn Juangroongruangkit's invitation to run in the 2019 Thai general election and was chosen as the fourth party-list representative for his party, winning a seat in the House of Representatives. He accepted Thanathorn Juangroongruangkit's invitation to run in the 2019 Thai general election and was elected as the fourth party-list representative for his party, earning a seat in the House of Representatives.
He outlined the "Five-Button Theory" in a speech he gave in the House of Representatives in July 2019. According to this theory, the government should concentrate on the following agricultural policies: land ownership, farmer indebtedness, cannabis usage, agro-tourism, and water resources. Interior Minister Anupong Paochinda appreciated his remarks despite the fact that he is a member of another party.
Pita led the Move Forward Party during the general election of 2023. When his party won the most votes on May 15, he said that he was prepared to take office as prime minister and asked the Pheu Thai Party and several other minor parties to form a coalition government.
Caught (1949 movie)
Caught is a 1949 American drama movie. It was directed by Max Ophüls. The movie is based on the book Wild Calendar by Libbie Block. Actors include Barbara Bel Geddes, James Mason, Robert Ryan, Frank Ferguson, and Curt Bois. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
Talarurus
Talarurus (meaning "Wicker tail") is an extinct genus of ankylosaur dinosaur. It lived about 90 million years ago during the Upper Cretaceous in what is now Mongolia.
Talarurus was a hippopotamus-sized, heavily built, ground-dwelling, quadrupedal herbivore. It could grow up to about 6 m long. Like other ankylosaurs it had heavy armour and a club on its tail. Talarurus is one of the oldest known ankylosaurines from Asia and one of the better-known ankylosaurs from Mongolia.
John Wesley Shipp
John Wesley Shipp (born January 22, 1955) is an American actor. He is known for portraying the roles of Barry Allen on the CBS television show The Flash, Mitch Leery on Dawson's Creek, Kelly Nelson on Guiding Light, and Douglas Cummings on As the World Turns.
He won a Daytime Emmy Award in the category of Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for As the World Turns in 1986. He also won a Daytime Emmy Award in the category of Outstanding Guest Performer in a Daytime Drama Series for Santa Barbara in 1987.
Amos Arbour
Joseph Hermas "Amos, Butch" Arbour (January 26, 1895 in Waubaushene, Ontario – November 1, 1943) was a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger who played 7 seasons in the National Hockey Association and 6 seasons in the National Hockey League for the Montreal Canadiens, Hamilton Tigers and Toronto St. Pats. He was a member of the original Canadiens team in the 1909–10 NHA season.
Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich of Russia
Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich Romanov (12 August 1904 – 17 July 1918) was the heir apparent of Russia during the Russian Revolution. He would have become Tsar Alexei II. He was the youngest of five children and the only son of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and Alexandra Fyodorovna. His sisters were Olga, Tatiana, Maria, and Anastasia.
In 2000, Alexei and his family were canonised as saints by the Russian Orthodox Church.
In 2008 his body was one of those found near the site where the family was murdered. DNA tests proved all 5 of the Tsar's children had been killed.
Michael Chabon
Michael Chabon (born May 24, 1963) is an American author. His first novel was called The Mysteries of Pittsburgh and published in 1988. Chabon was 25 years old. The book made him famous among writers. He has also written genre fiction. Chabon published The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay in 2000. It won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 2001.
Early years
Michael Chabon was born in Washington, DC to Robert Chabon, a physician and lawyer, and Sharon Chabon, a lawyer. He knew he wanted to be a writer when he was a child. He studied at Carnegie Mellon University for a year before transferring to the University of Pittsburgh. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree there in 1984. Then Chabon went to graduate school at the University of California, Irvine and earned a Master of Fine Arts in creative writing.
Personal life
In 1987, Chabon married the poet Lollie Groth. They divorced in 1991, and he married the writer Ayelet Waldman in 1993.
Dewberry
A dewberry (Rubus caesius) is a type of berry. It is similar to a blackberry. Dewberries are very dark blue.
Leptin
Leptin is a hormone made by cells in fat tissue that reduces hunger. That helps the energy balance in the body.
Leptin is opposed by the actions of the hormone ghrelin, the "hunger hormone". Both hormones act on receptors in the hypothalamus. They adjust appetite to get energy homeostasis.
In obesity, a decreased sensitivity to leptin comes up. This leads to a feeling of hunger, despite high energy stores.
Although regulation of fat stores is the primary function of leptin, it also plays a role in other physiological processes. These additional functions are still being studied.
Leptin was recently discovered in 1994 by Jeffrey M. Friedman and colleagues at Rockefeller University. Its discovery is important in the study of obesity which has become a problem in western society. The importance of leptin was discovered through experiments done on mice in a laboratory. Scientists found that mice who had more leptin in their bodies were thinner and didn't need to eat as much. Leptin levels can be increased by reducing stress and having quality or restful sleep.
Pleyel et Cie
Pleyel et Cie ("Pleyel and Company") was a French piano manufacturing firm founded by Ignace Pleyel in 1807. In 1815, Pleyel's son Camille joined him as a business partner. The firm provided pianos to Frédéric Chopin, who once mentions that Pleyel pianos are «non plus ultra». Among other composers that were using Pleyel pianos were Debussy, Saint-Saëns, Ravel, de Falla and Stravinsky.
In the 1980s, the Pleyel company bought out two other piano companies Erard and Gaveau. In 2008 they introduced new pianos designed by famous designers. At the end of 2013, the company announced it would end manufacturing pianos in France. In September 2009 a piano maker Paul McNulty built a replica of the 1830 model of Pleyel's piano, which is now in a collection of the Fryderyk Chopin Institute in Warsaw. The replica was used in The 1st International Chopin Competition on Period Instruments in September 2018.
Malva (1957 movie)
Malva (Мальва) is a 1957 Soviet drama movie directed by Vladimir Braun. It stars Dzidra Ritenberga, Pavel Usovenichenko, and Anatoly Ignatiev.
Ama Kanchana
Kathira Arachchige Dona Ama Kanchana is a cricketer from Sri Lanka. She plays for the Sri Lanka women's national cricket team. She was born on April 7, 1991.
Pollyanna (1960 movie)
Pollyanna (1960) is a Walt Disney Productions movie. It stars child actress Hayley Mills and Jane Wyman. The movie is based on the 1913 children's novel Pollyanna by Eleanor Porter. David Swift wrote the screenplay and directed the movie. Pollyanna is the first of six movies Mills made for Disney. She won an Academy Juvenile Award for her performance as Pollyanna.
Story
Pollyanna is an orphan. She arrives in the town of Harrington to live with her rich Aunt Polly. The girl is a happy youngster who believes in the goodness of life. She makes many friends. Aunt Polly controls the town because she is the richest citizen. The people of Harrington want an old orphanage rebuilt. Aunt Polly opposes the idea. The people defy Aunt Polly and plan a bazaar to raise funds for a new building. Aunt Polly is furious. She forbids Pollyanna to participate. On the evening of the bazaar however, Pollyanna slips away and has a wonderful time. She returns home. She tries to avoid her Aunt by climbing a tree outside her bedroom window. She falls and injures her legs. Her cheerful spirits sink, making recovery doubtful. The people of Harrington learn of Pollyanna's accident. They visit her and assure her that she is loved. Pollyanna's spirits return to their usual cheerfulness. She leaves for Baltimore with Aunt Polly to have an operation on her legs.
Springfield metropolitan area, Missouri
The Springfield, Missouri, metropolitan area, as defined under the United States Census Bureau, is the area involving five counties in southwestern Missouri. The main and largest city within the area is Springfield itself. Other population centers around the area are Nixa, Republic, Bolivar, Marshfield, Battlefield and Willard. The city limits of Springfield come near the Ozark city limits at Christian County line on US 65, the city limits at Republic at the James River Freeway on the southwestern side of the city and the Strafford limits on its northeastern side.
Holby City
Holby City (styled as HOLBY CI+Y) is a British medical drama television series shown weekly on BBC One. The series was created by Tony McHale and Mal Young as a spin-off from the BBC medical drama Casualty. It was first shown on 12 January 1999; the show ran until 29 March 2022. It is set in the same hospital as Casualty in the fictional city of Holby. Some episodes have characters and plots shared with Casualty. There have been episodes broadcast as Casualty@Holby City. Some episodes have characters and plots shared with the show's 2007 police procedural spin-off HolbyBlue.
Springfield metropolitan area, Missouri
The 2019 estimates show the area having a population of around 467,516. According to the 2020 Census, Springfield itself has over 168,000 people living in the city.
Holby City
Holby City is shown once a week, all year round. Each series now contains 52 episodes.
The show follows the lives of medical and ancillary staff at the fictional Holby City Hospital.
Selim II
Selim II (Ottoman Turkish: سليم ثانى Selīm-i sānī, Turkish: II. Selim; 28 May 1524 – 15 December 1574), also known as Selim the Blonde (Turkish: Sarı Selim) or Selim the Drunk (Turkish: Sarhoş Selim), was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1566 until his death in 1574. He was a son of Suleiman the Magnificent and his wife Hurrem Sultan. Selim had been an unlikely candidate for the throne until his brother Mehmed died of smallpox, his half-brother Mustafa was strangled to death by the order of his father, his brother Cihangir succumbed to chronic health issues, and his brother Bayazid was killed on the order of his father after a rebellion against Selim. Selim also ordered the Ottoman forces to set out from Istanbul and join with the Crimean Tatars in order to take part in the burning of Moscow in 1571. Although he succeeded in pacifying the Tsardom of Russia through the destruction of Moscow, Selim suffered a devastating defeat at hands of the Holy League armada led by the Spanish Empire in the naval Battle of Lepanto in which the Ottoman fleet was destroyed. Selim died on 15 December 1574 and was buried in the Hagia Sophia mosque in Istanbul. He was succeeded by Murad III.
Kalabari
Kalabari may refer to:
Holby City
As of January 2020, twenty-one series of Holby City have been shown. It is made at the BBC Elstree Centre in Hertfordshire. It has featured episodes filmed on location abroad. From October 2010, Holby City moved to high definition broadcasting.
The series uses a team of researchers to ensure medical accuracy. Surgeons check the scripts. Cast members are taught to perform basic medical procedures. They spend time on hospital wards for research.
Holby City has been nominated for over 100 television awards. It has won ten awards. The 2008 British Academy Television Award for Best Continuing Drama, one Black Entertainment Film Fashion Television and Arts (BEFFTA) award, two Ethnic Multicultural Media Awards, two Music Video and Screen Awards, and four Screen Nation awards.
The first series averaged 9.27 million viewers. The eleventh series averaged 5.44 million viewers. Later series have had over 4 million viewers per week.
Production
The first series had eleven main characters. All have since left the show. New main characters have been written in and out of the series. There are fifteen main characters. Well known actors regularly appear. Cast members have included Patsy Kensit, Jane Asher, Robert Powell, Ade Edmondson, John Michie, Al Hunter Ashton, Alex Walkinshaw and Jemma Redgrave.
In September 2016 the BBC said the show would be put up for tender. The tender document said the contract would be open to independent producers and BBC Studios. It would be for three series of at least 50 episodes each. It would be delivered from December 2017 with no break in transmission. It would be produced at BBC Elstree Centre. BBC Studios was the winning bidder and will continue to produce the show to 2020.
Development
Holby City was created by Tony McHale and Mal Young as a spin-off from the BBC medical drama Casualty. It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital. Young wanted to explore what happened to patients treated in Casualty once they were taken to the hospital's surgical wards. The stories on Casualty are limited to the "accident of the week". Holby City has stories about long-term care, rather than immediate life and death decisions.
Since its beginning, it has expanded to cover other wards. These include a gynaecology ward, an acute assessment unit and a maternity ward. Young explained that new wards are necessary to allow the crew to rotate sets.
Episodes of Holby City cost around £370,000 to produce. This is more than the BBC soap opera EastEnders which costs £130,000 per episode. Casualty costs £450,000 per episode. As Holby City is a high-volume, year-round production, it has relatively low production costs. Set-up costs can be spread over many years. Sets can be re-used. This is not the case for shorter series or one-off dramas.
Former Casualty producer Johnathan Young was an executive producer of Holby first series. Mal Young was executive producer of Holby City until 2004. Kathleen Hutchison worked with Mal Young as co-executive producer from 2003 to 2004. She left the series to become executive producer of EastEnders.
In March 2011, Johnathan Young returned to the BBC as executive producer of both Casualty and Holby City.
Writing
Holby City storylines are planned eight months in advance. The series has a number of scriptwriters. They are found and scheduled by script development editor Simon Harper. Harper finds some writers through the BBC Writers Academy. This is a course which gives its graduates the chance to work on prime time television. McHale teaches at the academy, and graduate Abi Bown went on to become a regular writer for Holby City. Harper also recruits writers through the BBC's Continuing Drama Shadow Scheme.
McHale wrote the series' first episode, and served as the show's lead writer. His 2006 promotion to executive producer was part Controller of BBC Drama Production John Yorke's plan to "put writers back at the heart of the process". Yorke said McHale's promotion was "fantastic. It means that for the first time you've got a writer running one of our big powerhouse BBC1 shows."
After McHale resigned the lead writer was Justin Young. He wants a more writer-led process from series 13 onwards. Writers will create more of the story of their episodes than before.
Medical accuracy
The serial employs a team of researchers to advise writers on nursing issues and health service politics. One medical advisor was given a cameo appearance in the series as an orthopaedic surgeon. Another advisor, recovery nurse Rachel Carter, appears in Holby City as a scrub nurse. The programme uses different types os surgeons to check scripts for accuracy. Carter believes this is important as viewers might copy what they see in the show, such as CPR.
Actor Amanda Mealing said: "We pride ourselves on being realistic. You need to know what you are doing and why. It is a complex and foreign thing to act out an operation. For training, I watched a number of real ones." Cast members are taught how to give injections, monitor blood pressure and check a pulse, and some watch procedures in hospitals. Original cast member George Irving observed coronary artery bypass surgery performed at Papworth and Middlesex Hospital in preparation for his role as Anton Meyer. Edward MacLiam observed laparoscopic surgery being performed before joining the cast as Greg Douglas in series twelve.
Filming and on-screen output
Holby City and Casualty are both set in Holby City Hospital. This is in the fictional county of Wyvern in the southwest of England close to the Welsh border. Bristol is used for city exteriors. Interior filming of Holby City is at BBC Elstree Centre in Borehamwood, Hertfordshire.
The Casualty set in Bristol was not large enough for the surgical ward and operating theatre needed for Holby City. So some scenes in the first episode had to be shot twice, first on the Casualty set and then again at Elstree, with cast members travelling between the two locations.
In October 2007, The Daily Telegraph reported that the Elstree site would be sold, and Holby City moved to share a set with Casualty, possibly in Cardiff. In March 2009, the BBC said that Casualty would move to a new set in Cardiff. In April 2009, The Guardian said that the BBC would retain Elstree Studios for at least another four years.
Some episodes have been shot on location abroad. In 2004, the romance between nurse Jess Griffin (Verona Joseph) and anaesthetist Zubin Khan (Art Malik) had an episode set in Paris. In 2005, registrar Diane Lloyd (Patricia Potter) followed consultant Ric Griffin (Hugh Quarshie) to Ghana. This was part of the BBC's "Africa lives" series, a week of programmes bringing African culture to UK audiences. In 2006, an episode in Switzerland had consultant Elliot Hope's (Paul Bradley) wife Gina (Gillian Bevan) committing assisted suicide after her motor neurone disease worsened. A 2007 episode in Dubai focused on Holby registrar Joseph Byrne (Luke Roberts) meeting new nurse Faye Morton (Patsy Kensit). In 2008, Joseph and consultant Linden Cullen (Duncan Pow) travelled to Cape Town. In November 2008, series producer Diana Kyle said that they would not be filming abroad again for the "foreseeable future". On 10 December 2012, it was announced that the show had filmed one episode in Stockholm. This focussed on Jac tracking down hospital CEO Henrik Hanssen (Guy Henry).
Holby City is shot using the single-camera setup. Filming occurs from 8 am until 6 pm daily, 50 weeks a year. From July 2007 onwards, the show took on the filmising technique, giving the impression of having been shot on film. On 28 May 2010, the BBC announced that Holby City would move to HD by the end of the year. The series moved to HD broadcasting, with a BBC HD simulcast, from the start of series 13 in October 2010.
Music
From the eleventh series a musical montage segment was included in each episode. This was introduced by McHale to modernise the show. This use of songtages was first popularised by the US medical drama Grey's Anatomy. McHale stated he was unaware of this until after Holby City had used the technique. Music is selected by each episode's scriptwriter. Sometimes the producers and director would select the music in post-production. Actors have had some input: Hugh Quarshie selected the music he believed his character Ric Griffin would listen to in theatre. Asked in June 2010 whether she felt songtages were appropriate for a serious drama show, Kyle said: "they are an excellent way of telling stories visually".
Broadcast
Holby City was first shown on 12 January 1999 on BBC One. The show's first series ran for nine episodes.
In June 2000, then Director-General of the BBC Greg Dyke pledged extra funding for BBC One, some of which was used for extra episodes of Holby City. The second series ran for 16 episodes. The third series ran for 30 episodes. Episodes were shown weekly from the fourth series onwards. Series four to nine ran for 52 episodes. Series ten ran for 53 episodes, including the stand-alone finale episode "Mad World", set outside the hospital. Series eleven ran for 52 episodes. Series twelve had 55 episodes. All series from then on had 52 episodes. The series reached its 500th episode on 13 April 2010.
In February 2019, it was announced that repeats of Holby City would begin on the channel Drama. This would begin with the first series.
In Finland it is shown on the channel Yle TV2 and is called "Holby Cityn sairaala".
Series twenty-two started on 7 January 2020.
Characters
Holby City follows the professional and personal lives of medical and ancillary staff at Holby General. It has an ensemble cast of main and recurring characters. The show has 10 to 20 main characters.
The original cast of 11 characters featured in the show's first episode was consultants Anton Meyer (George Irving) and Muriel McKendrick (Phyllis Logan), registrars Nick Jordan (Michael French) and Kirstie Collins (Dawn McDaniel), senior house officer Victoria Merrick (Lisa Faulkner), ward sister Karen Newburn (Sarah Preston), theatre sister Ellie Sharpe (Julie Saunders), senior staff nurse Ray Sykes (Ian Curtis), staff nurses Julie Bradford (Nicola Stephenson) and Jasmine Hopkins (Angela Griffin), and ward clerk Paul Ripley (Luke Mably).
Casting
For the first series, Young selected actors who were already established and had a soap opera background. Young had previously worked on the soap operas Brookside and Family Affairs French had starred in the BBC's EastEnders, while Stephenson and Faulkner had starred in Brookside. Griffin had also appeared in ITV's Coronation Street. Hiring of established actors continued as the soap progressed, with former Brookside actress Patricia Potter cast as registrar Diane Lloyd, Star Wars actor Denis Lawson cast as consultant Tom Campbell-Gore, and Family Affairs star Rocky Marshall cast as SHO Ed Keating. Later, roles were given to comedian Adrian Edmondson, film actress Patsy Kensit, and Jesus of Nazareth star Powell.
There is a casting department at Elstree Studios which casts actors for Holby City as well as Casualty, EastEnders and Doctors. The programme also has two casting directors who bring in actors for the producer and director to audition. Some cast members who play main characters have made previous appearances in minor Holby City roles.
Current characters include acting chief executive officer and consultant neurosurgeon Max McGerry (Jo Martin), consultant general surgeon and medical director Ric Griffin (Hugh Quarshie), consultant cardiothoracic surgeons lead Jac Naylor (Rosie Marcel) and Kian Madani (Ramin Karimloo), consultant general surgeons Ben Sherwood (Charlie Condou), Ange Godard (Dawn Steele), Sacha Levy (Bob Barrett), and Serena Campbell (Catherine Russell), speciality registrars Dominic Copeland (David Ames), Xavier Duval (Marcus Griffiths), and Chloe Godard (Amy Lennox), foundation training doctors Nicky McKendrick (Belinda Owusu) and Cameron Dunn (Nic Jackman), director of nursing Adrian "Fletch" Fletcher (Alex Walkinshaw), and senior staff nurses Donna Jackson (Jaye Jacobs) and Essie Harrison (Kaye Wragg).
Guest stars
Holby City has had a number of famous guest stars.
In the first few series:
In the fiftieth episode
Other notable guest stars include
Walk-on roles
In 2003, the BBC reached an agreement with the actors' union Equity to cease offering walk-on drama series roles to members of the public as prizes. When an untrained person won such a role in Holby City in a competition, Equity complained to the broadcaster that such prizes were "demeaning" to actors, depriving them of paid employment. The competition winner was allowed to visit the Holby City set, but did not appear on-screen as a result of the policy change.
Calabar
Calabar (also called Callabar, Calabari, Calbari, Kalabari and Kalabar) is the capital city of the Cross River State in Nigeria. It was first called Akwa Akba in the Efik language. The city is next to the Calabar and Great Kwa rivers and creeks of the Cross River.
Holby City
Casualty@Holby City
The BBC has shown occasional crossover mini-dramas entitled Casualty@Holby City. It has a number of characters from each of the two casts. Before Casualty@Holby City, the two shows had occasionally crossed-over storylines and cast members before. For example developing a romance between Holby City Ben Saunders (David Paisley) and Casualty Tony Vincent (Lee Warburton). The first full crossover was made by Casualty executive producer Mervyn Watson, and Holby City McHale. Work on both shows had to be halted for two weeks to release cast members to appear in the special.
A second crossover was commissioned in 2005 as part of the BBC's DoNation season. This aimed to raise public awareness of organ donation and to decide to sign up to the Organ Donor Register. An interactive episode of Casualty@Holby City was one of the headlining shows of the season, allowing viewers to vote by phone to determine the outcome of a fictional organ donation.
The third Casualty@Holby City crossover aired in October 2005. The four-part storyline tackled the issue of youth violence, following the events of a turbulent A&E demonstration at an inner-city school.
Another crossover was ordered for Christmas 2005. Rather than dividing the episodes between the two series' crews as had previously been standard, this crossover operated as an entirely separate production, with Kyle producing and Paul Harrison directing.
In September 2010, Holby City nurse Donna Jackson (Jaye Jacobs) appeared in Casualty, and Kent hopes that characters from the two shows will begin to crossover two or three times a year.
HolbyBlue
On 27 April 2006, the BBC announced Holby Blue, a police procedural spin-off from Holby City. It was created by Tony Jordan.
Holby City was moved to Thursdays for the duration of HolbyBlue first series, with the spin-off broadcast on Tuesday nights at 8 pm. In 2008, a two-part crossover episode with Holby City was developed for the beginning of the show's second series. The episodes were written by McHale and Jordan. Holby City registrar Jac Naylor accused of murder. Yorke compared the crossover to the American CSI franchise, in that: "You really believe it's a world."
The second series attracted 5.6 million viewers to its opening episode. By the end of May 2008 viewer numbers had fallen to 2.5 million. In August 2008, the BBC announced that, due to lower ratings, Holby Blue would not be recommissioned for a third series.
Other appearances
In June 2002, cast members from Holby City and Casualty competed against the EastEnders cast for the first Sport Relief fundraiser, dubbed "Sport in the Square". The teams competed in events such as taxi pulling, melon tossing and a beer keg relay. The competition was shown on BBC One, and the event raised £10 million.
In October 2003, BBC One aired a "Kenyon Confronts" documentary by Panorama reporter Paul Kenyon, investigating hospitals run by the Private Finance Initiative. He discovered many problems within the hospitals, which were dramatised by the Holby City cast in specially written scenes.
In March 2004, the documentary "Making It at Holby" was made as part of a BBC initiative to develop new acting talent. The documentary followed the casting process of Holby City and Casualty, from the audition stages to the filming of the selected actors' first scenes.
In November 2006, the Children in Need charity telethon included a segment featuring the Holby City cast performing a comical version of "Hung Up" by Madonna.
In November 2007 Children in Need appeal again contained a musical performance from Holby City cast members. Sharon D Clarke, backed by Nadine Lewington, Rakie Ayola and Phoebe Thomas performed a soul version of Aretha Franklin's signature song, "Respect".
On 28 June 2008, Holby City stars competed against their Casualty counterparts in a special charity edition of BBC Two game-show The Weakest Link.
In February 2010, Holby City and Casualty cast members performed a dance rendition of "Jai Ho" for Let's Dance for Sport Relief.
Critical response
Holby City has been compared to other medical dramas, often unfavourable.
Paul Hoggart of The Times says that the differences between the two shows are "mild", calling Holby City: "Casualty cute little sister".
Kevin Lygo, director of television at Channel 4, referred to Holby City as "sudsy drama", deeming it, Casualty and HolbyBlue "all decent programmes, but strikingly similar in many aspects of their tone and construction."
Holby City has been unfavourably compared with the American medical drama ER. Television producer Paul Abbott has commented that although he watches ER, he does not watch Holby City as: "it looks like you've crammed one hour's drama into 26 episodes."
In October 2009, former Holby City writer Peter Jukes wrote a critical piece for Prospect magazine, contrasting the show negatively with the standard of American television dramas. Jukes wrote that Holby City has become a soap opera, rather than a drama, and deemed the episodes he worked on "the most dispiriting experiences in [his] 25 years as a dramatist."
In August 2002, Paul Bolt, director of the Broadcasting Standards Commission criticised BBC programming as being "humdrum" and "formulaic", saying of Holby City and the police procedural Mersey Beat: "One begins to wonder what really is the point of the BBC bringing this to us. Let's have something a bit different." Then head of BBC drama Jane Tranter responded that Bolt's examples were "highly selective" as well as "hugely patronising to the millions of viewers who enjoy popular dramas like Holby City – week in, week out". Young, who at the time held the position of head of drama serials, told The Guardian: "Popular drama has always been singled out for criticism, but people are increasingly voting with their on-buttons."
At the 2003 Edinburgh International Television Festival, BSykB chief executive Tony Ball called for stricter restrictions on how the BBC spent licence payers' money, suggesting that Holby City be sold to the channel's commercial rivals, with the proceeds used to develop more original programming. The BBC refused Ball's suggestion, responding in a statement: "This speech clearly reflects BSkyB's view that programmes are merely a commodity to be bought and sold."
In 2003, former BBC host Sir Ludovic Kennedy complained that ethnic minorities were over-represented on television, prompting a BBC spokeswoman to explain that Holby City has more ethnic characters as it is set in an area where minorities account for up to 30% of the population. According to the 2001 census, the population of Bristol – which the city of Holby is loosely based upon – is 88% white and 12% ethnic minorities.
In October 2003, Holby City was praised by campaigners for the Royal National Institute for Deaf People (RNID), when an episode which coincided with "Learn To Sign Week" used deaf actors, and featured characters communicating through British Sign Language. RNID chief executive John Low stated: "Too often individuals have to rely on family members or friends to communicate complicated personal information to professionals. This is the reason the RNID is calling on the government to channel funding into the training of British Sign Language interpreters who could then be available to NHS staff treating deaf patients." Stokes commented: "The writer had a great story he wanted to tell – for us, that's what matters first and foremost."
In June 2004, Charles Allen, chief executive of ITV plc questioned the amount of funding spent on lengthened episodes of Holby City,
In January 2010, Janet Street-Porter in The Independent, said Holby City had "come to the end of [its] natural life" and should be cancelled.
Realism
The show has been criticised for its lack of realism.
In February 2004, nurse Vici Hoban said that there were three nurse stereotypes. "Sex object, doctor's handmaiden, or angel". She felt that the media had increased these misconceptions. She said that with "the syringe-toting serial killer Kelly in Holby City, realism has never been top of TV's agenda." Hoban felt that the worst offender at the time was the Channel 4 medical drama No Angels. She described as: "so inaccurate that it makes Holby City look like a factual documentary."
In November 2009, Antony Sumara, CEO of the Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Hospital Trust, wrote a column criticising Holby City for misrepresenting real hospital life.
In December 2009, Tom Sutcliffe of The Independent reviewed an episode, finding it "astonishing" that any patients leave Holby General alive, as the staff are "so busy looking stricken or lovelorn at each other".
Misuse of alcohol has been criticised.
In December 2003, The Times' Libby Purves wrote a critical opinion piece, observing that Holby City medical staff are often depicted getting drunk in clubs, but afterwards are able to function properly at work, and that as a result, alcohol "is made to look innocent".
In October 2004, Canon Kenyon Wright, chair of Alcohol Focus Scotland, criticised an episode of Holby City which saw doctors downing tequila slammers, stating that it glamorised irresponsible drinking.
In October 2007, drinks' industry body the Portman Group made an official complaint to communications regulator Ofcom about a scene in Holby City which depicted two medics drinking five shots of tequila following a stressful day at work. The body's chief executive David Poley claimed that in failing to show the negative consequences of this action, the series was presenting a "highly irresponsible portrayal of excessive and rapid drinking". Ofcom received a total of eight complaints about the incident.
In 2005, the British Medical Association said that the show was giving viewers an unrealistic impression of resuscitation by typically presenting only two outcomes, death or total recovery. Andrew Thomson, a Dundee GP, deemed this "a terrible distortion of the truth."
In April 2010, at the Royal College of Nursing (RCN) conference in Bournemouth, Holby City was accused of fostering unrealistic expectations of the NHS, encouraging patients to believe in miracles and fuelling a compensation culture. Accident and Emergency nurse John Hill stated: "In A&E it is sometimes a fact that sadly we cannot get people through the trauma they have received. Unfortunately, unlike in Holby City, I am a mere mortal and cannot perform miracles. But many relatives believe because of that, you can. And the injury lawyers assure them that if you don't they will get recompense for it."
Impact
In October 2000, Dr John Ryan, an Accident & Emergency consultant at the Royal Sussex County Hospital in Brighton criticised the number of patients visiting the department for minor problems without first seeing their GP. Ryan attributed this to patients watching Holby City and falsely seeing hospitals as glamorous.
In September 2008, a three-year Belgian research project, presented at a British Psychological Society meeting, claimed that watching Holby City and similar medical dramas such as Casualty and ER had a subliminal influence on fear of illness. 1,300 teenagers were questioned on their viewing habits, and those who watched more medical dramas were found to be up to 10% more fearful about their health.
In 2008, Conservative Party strategists identified four archetypes based on TV programmes to help the party target swing voters. Alongside "Top Gear man", "Apprentice generation" and "Grand Designs couple", they identified "Holby City worker", a middle-ranking health service worker. In 2009, they identified "Holby City woman" as a key voter demographic who may help the party win the 2010 General Election. The "Holby City woman" is a female voter in her 30s or 40s, employed in a clinical or clerical position or some other public sector job. She is a swing voter in General Elections, The "Holby City woman" archetype is modelled on the character of Faye Morton.
In January 2009, Jill Berry, president of the Girls' Schools Association and head teacher at the Dame Alice Harpur School in Bedford, cited medical dramas such as Holby City as an inspiring force in increasing numbers of female students deciding to pursue careers in medicine. Berry explained: "The girls see that as an exciting and dynamic way of life. They see it as making a difference to people's lives. It gives them a sense sometimes of the pressures, responsibility and adrenaline. Such TV programmes can be good, as long as they give a realistic impression." Similarly, consultant surgeon Andrew Raftery uses clips from Holby City as part of the University of Sheffield Outreach and Access to Medicine Scheme, to inspire pupils from under-represented social and educational backgrounds to pursue careers in medicine.
Awards and nominations
Holby City has been nominated for over 100 awards. It has won six.
The series has received five nominations for the British Academy Television Awards, winning one. Minkie Spiro was nominated for the "Best New Director (Fiction)" award in 2003 for her work on the series. The show was nominated for the "Best Continuing Drama" award in 2004, 2005 and 2006, winning in 2008.
Holby City received multiple BBC Drama Award nominations between 2002 and 2006. Its best results saw the show voted fifth "Best Drama" in 2004 and 2006. Amanda Mealing was voted fourth "Best Actress" in 2006 for her role as Connie Beauchamp. The "Casualty@Holby City" moment where doctor Jim Brodie (Maxwell Caulfield) sacrifices his life for midwife Rosie Sattar (Kim Vithana) was voted viewers' fourth "Favourite Moment" of 2004.
The series has been nominated for the "Best Drama" award at the Inside Soap Awards in 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010
Holby City has received multiple long-list nominations at the National Television Awards and TV Choice Awards. Mealing was short-listed for the "Most Popular Newcomer" award in 2005, and for the "Best Actress" award in 2008.
At the 2000 Royal Television Society Awards, Sean De Sparengo and Richard Gort were nominated for the "Best Graphic Design – Titles" award. The show was nominated in the "Soap and Continuing Drama" category in 2007.
Holby City was nominated "Best Serial Drama" at the 2008 Digital Spy Soap Awards,
In 2009, Stella Gonet was nominated for the "Acting Performance in TV (Female)" award at the British Academy Scotland Awards for her role as CEO Jayne Grayson.
In 2010, the series was shortlisted in the "Best Television Continuing Drama" category at the Writers' Guild of Great Britain Awards.
In 2000, at the Ethnic Multicultural Media Awards, Angela Griffin won "Best Actress" for her role as nurse Jasmine Hopkins. In 2002, she was nominated "Best TV Actress" alongside co-star Thusitha Jayasundera for her role as registrar Tash Bandara.
In 2004, Art Malik won the "Best TV Actor" award for his role as anaesthetist Zubin Khan.
The show has won three Screen Nation Awards, and received nominations for a further seven. Jaye Jacobs won the "Emerging Talent" award in 2005 for her role as nurse Donna Jackson. In 2006, Rakie Ayola and Hugh Quarshie were nominated for the Female and Male "Performance in TV" awards for their roles as Kyla Tyson and Ric Griffin. Sharon D. Clarke won the 2007 "Female Performance in TV" award for her role as Lola Griffin. Ginny Holder was nominated in the same category for her role as Thandie Abebe. In 2007, Roger Griffiths was nominated for the "Male Performance in TV" award for his role as Harvey Tyson. Quarshie won "Favourite Male TV Star" in 2008.
In 2008, the show was nominated for the "Diversity in Drama Production" award.
Amuca tribe
The Amuca tribe (Amuca Kabilesi), (Uncle tribes), is one of the Alevism-Bektashi groups of the Turkish tribes of the Oghuz Turks who traces back to Gündüz Bey older Brother to Osman I. This was a group of people in the Ottoman Empire which moved from Anatolia to the Balkans. At the end of 14th century, this clan settled in Thrace. Today they live in Kırklareli Province. The first founded village of this tribe was Keşirlik, located in the Mahya Dağı. The Men are wellknown Wrestlers in Turkish Oil Wrestling.
Post (album)
Post is an album by Icelandic rock singer Björk. She sent it out on June of 1995. It includes techno and dance songs.
Post was one of the most popular albums of Björk. It was ranked #26 in Spin magazine's "100 Greatest Albums, 1985-2005".
HM Prison Pentridge
HM Prison Pentridge was an Australian prison built in 1850 in Coburg, Victoria. The first prisoners arrived in 1851. The prison was closed on 1 May 1997.