cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Miguel Arroyo
Arroyo died at a hospital in Puebla, Mexico on 30 January 2020 from surgery-related problems, aged 53.
Hipólito Reyes Larios
Reyes Larios died on 8 August 2021 in Xalapa, Mexico from a gastrointestinal hemorrhage, five days before his 75th birthday.
Cryptographic hash function
A cryptographic hash function is a hash function which takes an input (or 'message') and returns a fixed-size string of bytes. The string is called the 'hash value', 'message digest', 'digital fingerprint', 'digest' or 'checksum'.
The ideal hash function has three main properties:
Uses
Functions with these properties are used as hash functions for a variety of purposes, not only in cryptography. Practical applications include message integrity checks, digital signatures, authentication, and various information security applications.
A hash function takes a string of any length as input and produces a fixed length string which acts as a kind of "signature" for the data provided. In this way, a person knowing the "hash value" is unable to know the original message, but only the person who knows the original message can prove the "hash value" is created from that message.
A cryptographic hash function should behave as much as possible like a random function while still being deterministic and efficiently computable. A cryptographic hash function is considered "insecure" from a cryptographic point of view, if either of the following is computationally feasible:
Peter Scolari
Peter Thomas Scolari (September 12, 1955 – October 22, 2021) was an American actor. He was best known for his roles as Michael Harris on Newhart (1984–1990) and Henry Desmond in Bosom Buddies (1980–1982). He also played Billy the Lonely Boy in the 2004 movie The Polar Express.
Cryptographic hash function
Uses
An attacker who can find any of the above computations can use them to substitute an authorized message with an unauthorized one.
Keisha Lance Bottoms
Keisha Lance Bottoms (born January 18, 1970) is an American politician and lawyer. She was the 60th Mayor of Atlanta, Georgia from 2018 until 2022.
Peter Scolari
Scolari won an Emmy Award for his role as Tad Horvath on Girls in 2016.
Cryptographic hash function
Uses
Ideally, it should be impossible to find two different messages whose digests ("hash values") are similar. Also, one would not want an attacker to be able to learn anything useful about a message from its digest ("hash values"). Of course the attacker learns at least one piece of information, the digest itself, by which the attacker can recognise if the same message occurred again.
Peter Scolari
Scolari died from leukemia on October 22, 2021 in New York City, at age 66. He had the disease for two years.
Keisha Lance Bottoms
She was elected as mayor in 2017, after receiving the most votes in the runoff election (50.4%).
In June 2020, Bottoms became one of the final four finalists for Joe Biden's running mate for the 2020 election.
Cryptographic hash function
Uses
In various standards and applications, the two most commonly used hash functions are MD5 and SHA-1.
In 2005, security defects were identified showing that a possible mathematical weakness might exist, like attacks, and recommending a stronger hash function.
In 2007 the National Institute of Standards and Technology announced a contest to design a hash function which will be given the name SHA-3 and be the subject of a FIPS standard.
Keisha Lance Bottoms
In July 2020, she was diagnosed with COVID-19 despite not having any symptoms.
Dompierre, Vaud
Dompierre is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Vaud. It is found in the district of Broye-Vully.
Keisha Lance Bottoms
On May 6, 2021, Bottoms announced that she would not seek reelection as mayor of Atlanta in the 2021 election.
In June 2022, it was announced that President Joe Biden had picked Bottoms to replace Cedric Richmond as the Director of the Office of Public Liaison.
Wesley C. Uhlman
Wesley Carl Uhlman (born March 23, 1935) is an American politician. He was the 47th mayor of Seattle, Washington from 1970 to 1978.
List of cities in Panama
This is a list of cities in Panama.
New Haven, Vermont
New Haven is a town in Addison County, Vermont, United States.
Boar's tusk helmet
The boar's tusk helmet is a type of military headwear used in Mycenaean Greece. The helmet was made of ivory from a boar's tusks and attached in rows onto a leather base padded with felt.
Homeric epic
A description of a boar's tusk helmet appears in the tenth book of Homer's Iliad where Odysseus is armed for a night-raid against the Trojans.
"Meriones gave Odysseus a bow, a quiver and a sword, and put a cleverly made leather helmet on his head. On the inside there was a strong lining on interwoven straps, onto which a felt cap had been sewn in. The outside was cleverly adorned all around with rows of white tusks from a shiny-toothed boar, the tusks running in alternate directions in each row.
Μηριόνης δ' Ὀδυσῆϊ δίδου βιὸν ἠδὲ φαρέτρην
καὶ ξίφος, ἀμφὶ δέ οἱ κυνέην κεφαλῆφιν ἔθηκε
ῥινοῦ ποιητήν: πολέσιν δ' ἔντοσθεν ἱμᾶσιν
ἐντέτατο στερεῶς: ἔκτοσθε δὲ λευκοὶ ὀδόντες
ἀργιόδοντος ὑὸς θαμέες ἔχον ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα
εὖ καὶ ἐπισταμένως: μέσσῃ δ' ἐνὶ πῖλος ἀρήρει."
- Homer, Iliad 10.260–5
Fort Hall, Idaho
Fort Hall is a census-designated place (CDP) of Idaho in the United States.
Boar's tusk helmet
Homeric epic
The number of ivory plates needed to make a helmet ranges from 40 to 140. Also, around forty to fifty boars would have to be killed to make just one helmet.
Abrahim
Abrahim is a name with Arabic roots, derived from the biblical name Abraham in Hebrew. It is a popular name in the Muslim world, often given to boys as a way to show admiration for the prophet Ibrahim. Ibrahim is a revered figure in Islam, known for his unwavering faith in Allah and willingness to sacrifice his son Ismail. The name Abrahim is associated with qualities such as strength, courage, and faith, which are valued in the Islamic faith. In Arabic, the name means "father of many," symbolizing fertility and abundance. It also means "exalted father," reflecting the high regard in which the prophet Ibrahim is held. The name Abrahim is associated with the planet Jupiter, which represents growth, expansion, and abundance.
Homero Gómez González
Homero Gómez González (1970 (age 50) – January 2020) was a Mexican environmental activist, agricultural engineer and politician. He was the manager of El Rosario Monarch Butterfly Preserve, a part of the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve. Gómez was mayor and commissioner of, Michoacán.
Gómez was last seen alive on 13 January 2020 attending a meeting in the village of. More than two weeks after his disappearance, his body was found in an agricultural reservoir in Ocampo, aged 50.
Haakon Chevalier
Haakon Maurice Chevalier (September 10, 1901 – July 4, 1985) was an American author, translator, and professor of French literature at the University of California, Berkeley best known for his friendship with physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer, whom he met at Berkeley, California in 1937. He translated many works by Salvador Dalí, André Malraux, Vladimir Pozner, Louis Aragon, Frantz Fanon and Victor Vasarely into English.
Chevalier was born on September 10, 1901 in Lakewood Township, New Jersey and died on July 4, 1985 in Paris at the age of 83.
Mutale Nalumango
Mutale Nalumango (born 1 January 1955) is a Zambian teacher and politician. She is the Vice President of Zambia since 2021. She ran as the running mate of Hakainde Hichilema in 2021.
Tyhee, Idaho
Tyhee is a census-designated place (CDP) of Idaho in the United States.
Bannock County, Idaho
Bannock County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 82,839 people lived there, making it the fifth-most populous county in Idaho. The county seat and largest city is Pocatello.
Alex Riley
Alex Riley (born 29 March 1968 in Sheffield, Yorkshire ) is an English DJ, television personality and comedian. His DJ career began when he became a DJ on BBC Radio 7. Some of the shows he hosted are The Comedy Club, Sony Gold Award and Station Sound. He began his TV career performing with the city's Crucible Youth Theatre during which time he originated, and appeared in, dozens of sketches and devised pieces, as well as appearing in a number of plays and farces at the Library Theatre.
Riley then had a succession of jobs including managing an alternative shopping centre, selling aerial photographs and answering an on-air appeal for researchers on BBC TV's Top Gear programme. He is best known for Britain's Really Disgusting Food first aired in 2008, with a second series in 2009 and an alternative but same universe series Britain's Really Disgusting Drink. He also acted in Chelsea Flower Show, Britain in Bloom, Bigamy, Short Circuits, Discovery Home and Leisure, Boys Toys, the Caravan Show, You Know You Want To and Classic Car Club among other TV shows. He also has a career as a stand-up comedian.
Glaucetas
Glaucetas, or Glauketas (Γλαυκέτας; flourished 315–300 BC), was a Greek pirate mostly active in the Aegean Sea during the 4th century BC. Little is known about his life. Glaucetas is mentioned in ancient Greek inscriptions, or stone markings, describing how the navy of Athens led by Thymochares attacked his base on the island of Kythnos. In the end, the Athenian navy removed Glaucetas from Kythnos thus "making the sea safe for those that sailed thereon."
Orwell, Vermont
Orwell is a town in Addison County, Vermont, United States.
West Buechel, Kentucky
West Buechel is a city of Kentucky in the United States.
Mangal Pandey
Mangal Pandey (1827 - 8 April 1857) was an Indian solider. He was a soldier of the Bengal Army under the East India Company. He was known for actions in the events just after the start of the Indian rebellion of 1857.
Early life and career
Pandey was born in 1827 at Nagwa. It is a village of upper Ballia district in what is now Uttar Pradesh. He was born to a Hindu Saryupareen Brahmin family.
He joined the Bengal Army in 1849. He was a sepoy (private solider) at 5th Company of 34th Bengal Native Infantry (BNI).
Death
Pandey shot two British officers. He was tried in a military court. He was accused of working against Company. He was hanged on 8 April 1857 at Barrackpore in Bengal Presidency.
List of Hund's rules
In atomic physics, Hund's rules are rules that determine how the electrons in an atom work. Often, the first of Hund's rules is most often mentioned. The first rule of Hund's rules is so important in chemistry that it is simply just called "Hund's rule".
Below is a brief description of Hund's rules.
2p
orbital is filled to
orbital will continue to be filled until it reaches 6 electrons, making that orbital full.
2010 Victorian state election
The 2010 Victorian state election was held on 27 November 2010 to elect the 57th Parliament of Victoria, including all 88 members of the Legislative Assembly and all 40 seats in the Legislative Council. It was conducted by the Victorian Electoral Commission (VEC).
The incumbent Labor government, led by Premier John Brumby, tried to win a fourth term in government, but lost to the Liberal/National Coalition, led by Ted Baillieu.
Irshat Fakhritdinov
Irshat Yunirovich Fakhritdinov (Иршат Юнирович Фахритдинов; 1 February 1965 – 22 October 2021) was a Russian politician. He was a member of the United Russia party. He was in the State Duma from 2007 to 2016. Fakhritdinov was born in Sayranovo, Bashkir ASSR, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union.
Fakhritdinov died on 22 October 2021 in Ufa, Russia of COVID-19 at the age of 56.
Sonic hedgehog
The sonic hedgehog protein (SHH) is coded by the SHH gene. The protein is named after the character Sonic the Hedgehog.
This key signalling molecule regulates embryonic development in all animals. SHH controls organogenesis and the organization of the central nervous system, limbs, digits and many other parts of the body. Sonic hedgehog is a morphogen that patterns the developing embryo using a concentration gradient.
Abnormal activation of SHH signalling in adult tissues causes various types of cancers. General readers might look for a simplified account by an expert author.
Ripton, Vermont
Ripton is a town in Addison County, Vermont, United States.
Bismarck
Otto von Bismarck
The name "Bismarck" is usually associated with Otto von Bismarck, a famous Prussian and later German statesman in the 19th century. His name is sometimes misspelled Bismark.
Battleship
The Bismarck was a battleship of the German navy during WWII
Panton, Vermont
Panton is a town in Addison County, Vermont, United States.
Naval fleet
A fleet is normally commanded by an admiral. Usually, his rank is Admiral of the Fleet. Some fleets have been or are commanded by Vice-Admirals or even Rear-Admirals. Most fleets are divided into several squadrons, each of which is commanded by a subordinate admiral. Those squadrons in turn are often divided into divisions.
During the age of sail, fleets were divided into van, centre and rear squadrons. They were named after each squadron’s place in the line of battle. In more modern times, the squadrons are typically composed of groups of the same class of warships. Examples would be frigates or destroyers.
Since many smaller navies contain only one fleet, the term the fleet usually means the navy.
Broye District
It contains the following municipalities:
1752
1752 only had 355 days.
Abram (name)
Abram is a popular name that has been used for centuries and has Hebrew origins. It means "exalted father" or "father of many" and is popular in many cultures. The name is often associated with qualities such as strength, leadership, and wisdom.
Salisbury, Vermont
Salisbury is a town in Addison County, Vermont, United States.
Westwood, Jefferson County, Kentucky
Westwood is a city in Kentucky in the United States.
University of Jena
The University of Jena, officially the Friedrich Schiller University Jena (Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, abbreviated FSU, shortened form Uni Jena) is a university in Jena, Germany. It was founded in the year 1558. In 2009, there were more than 21,000 students.
The University of Jena has got ten faculties:
In 1934 the University of Jena was named after Friedrich Schiller. Schiller, a very famous German poet, had been a professor in Jena since the year 1789.
Rhacophorus margaritifer
The Java flying frog, Javan tree frog, or round-tubercled tree frog (Rhacophorus margaritifer) is a frog. It lives in Indonesia. Scientists have seen it 1000 meters above sea level.
Alcalus tasanae
The Tasan eastern frog, also known San frog, Tasan frog, or San dwarf cascade frog (Alcalus tasanae) is a species of frog that lives on Mount Saribau in Myanmar and Thailand.
Gregory Helms
Gregory Shane Helms (born July 12, 1974 in Smithfield, North Carolina), is an American professional wrestler. Helms is best known for working with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) where he worked under the ring names The Hurricane and Gregory Helms. He was also known for working with World Championship Wrestling (WCW) where he wrestled under the ring name "Sugar" Shane Helms.
He is a one-time WWF European Champion, two-time WWE Cruiserweight Champion, two-time WWE World Tag Team Champion - with Kane and with Rosey and one-time WWF Hardcore Champion.
Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2004
12 points
Below is a summary of the maximum 12 points each country awarded to another:
Topmast staysail
A topmast staysail is a sharp, triangular sail which is hoisted above the gaff sails. It is hold in place with a halyard, two necklines, two tacks and one or two loaders. It is fixed on one side to a spar or antenna and on the other to the mast. It is hoisted when there is a slightly favorable weather, to increase the heeling of the boat and gain some speed. In some boats the topmast staysail has an irregular trapezoidal form; then the bottom overlaps slightly with the gaff sail.
They hoista topmast staysail the bric-a-brac, and some schooners, cutters and quetzals.
Italy at the Olympics
Italy at the Olympics is a history which includes 50 games in 23 countries and 4,000+ athletes. Since 1896, Italy (ITA) has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".
History
The Italian National Olympic Committee was formed in 1908. It was recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1915.
Italy's team first competed at the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens.
Italy has been at most of the Olympic Games, missing only the 1904 Summer Olympics. Italian athletes have won 550 medals at the Summer Olympic Games and another 106 medals at the Winter Olympic Games. Italy has won a total of 236 gold medals which makes them the 5th most successful country in Olympic history, below USA, Soviet Union, Germany and Great Britain.
Focus (2015 movie)
Focus is a 2015 American romantic crime-drama movie. This movie is about a con-man drawing a young attractive woman into his romantic circle. Will Smith plays Nicky. Margot Robbie plays Jess.
Italy at the Olympics
History
Fencer Edoardo Mangiarotti has won the most medals for Italy.
Focus (2015 movie)
Focus is set in New Orleans and Buenos Aires.
The movie was released on February 27, 2015.
Italy at the Olympics
Host country
Italy has hosted the Games three times:
Cryptosystem
There are two different meanings of the word cryptosystem.
Crusinallo
Crusinallo, with 4000 people, is the most populated district of the town of Omegna (in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola, in Piedmont, Italy). It was an independent town until 1928. The town of Crusinallo is located in the north part of the town of Omegna, at the border with the towns of Casale Corte Cerro, Gravellona Toce, and Germagno. The natural borders are: at north, the Saint Martino river; at east and south, the Strona river; at west, the forest of Alpe Colla.
Cryptosystem
General meaning
In this meaning, the term cryptosystem is used as shorthand, or as an abbreviation for "cryptographic system". A cryptographic system is any computer system that involves cryptography. Such systems include for instance, a system for secure electronic mail which might include methods for digital signatures, cryptographic hash functions, key management techniques, and so on.
GMC Acadia
GMC Acadia is a full-sized crossover vehicle. It is manufactured by GMC. It went on sale beginning in December 2006. It seats seven or eight passengers, depending on the model. The GMC Acadia replaces four vehicles the Envoy SUV and its XL package, the Isuzu Asscender SUV and the Pontiac Montana SV6 minivan.
The GMC Acadia was improved in 2012 for the 2013 model year. The second generation Acadia uses the body shell of GM's discontinued Saturn Outlook.
Cryptosystem
Meaning in the cryptographic community
In this meaning, a cryptosystem refers to a set of algorithms needed to implement a method of encryption and decryption.
Bob Locker
Robert Awtry Locker (March 15, 1938 – August 15, 2022) was an American Major League Baseball right-handed pitcher. He pitched from 1965 to 1975 for five different teams. He played for Chicago White Sox, Milwaukee Brewers, Oakland Athletics and the Chicago Cubs.
Cryptosystem
Meaning in the cryptographic community
Typically, a cryptosystem consists of three algorithms:
Bob Locker
Locker died in Bozeman, Montana, on August 15, 2022. He was 84.
Cryptosystem
Meaning in the cryptographic community
The term cipher (sometimes cypher) is often used to refer to a pair of (encryption/decryption) algorithms. Therefore, the term "cryptosystem" is most often used when the key generation algorithm is important. For this reason, the term "cryptosystem" is commonly used to refer to public key techniques; however both "cipher" and "cryptosystem" are used for symmetric key techniques.
"Cryptographic system" vs. "cryptosystem"
The Internet Security Glossary RFC 2828 advises against using the term "cryptosystem", giving the following definitions.
Abril
Abril is a name of Spanish origin that is commonly given to baby girls. It is derived from the Latin word "Aprilis," meaning "to open," and is associated with the spring season, symbolizing new beginnings and growth.
Pal
Pal (June 4, 1940 – 1958) was a rough collie dog actor in the 1940s and early 1950s. He was owned and trained by Rudd Weatherwax. He appeared in the 1943 MGM movie Lassie Come Home and six other MGM "Lassie" movies. After the MGM movies, he played Lassie in the two pilot episodes for the CBS television series Lassie. He then retired. Pal died in 1958. He was buried on Weatherwax's ranch. His male descendants took over the Lassie role for the nearly 20-year run of the television series.
Assaba
Assaba (ولاية العصابة) is a region in southern Mauritania. Its capital is Kiffa. The region has borders near the Mauritanian regions of Brakna and Tagant to the north and the Mauritanian region of Hodh El Gharbi to the east. It also has borders near the Mauritanian regions of Gorgol and Guidimaka to the west. It is north of the country of Mali. The Aoukar basin is in the north and the east of the central part of Assaba.
Johannes Kepler
Johannes Kepler (27 December 1571 – 15 November 1630) was a German mathematics teacher, astronomer, optician, natural philosopher, astrologer and Lutheran theologian.
He was Tycho Brahe's apprentice. Tycho Brahe looked at the way the planets moved in the sky. Johannes Kepler found a simple way to say how the planets move. Kepler also studied other things like Kepler's supernova.
How the planets move
A planet moves along a path called an orbit. Kepler used three laws to say what form the path has and how fast the planet moves
Kepler published the first two laws in 1609, and the third in 1619.
Khaled Bichara
Khaled Bichara (خالد بشارة, ) (July 27, 1971 – January 31, 2020) was an Egyptian businessman. He was the Chairman of Dada.it and Chief Executive Officer of Accelero Capital.
Bichara was Chief Executive Officer of Orascom Telecom Media and Technology OTMT, Group President and Chief Operating Officer of VimpelCom Ltd., and Executive Chairman of Global Telecom Holding.
Bichara played an important role in the merger of VEON and Wind Telecom to create the world's sixth-largest telecommunications carrier.
Wheatcroft, Kentucky
Wheatcroft is a city of Kentucky in the United States.
Banks, Idaho
Banks is a census-designated place (CDP) of Idaho in the United States.
Owyhee County, Idaho
Owyhee County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 11,526 people lived there. The county seat is Murphy, and largest city is Homedale. In area, it is the second-largest county in Idaho, after Idaho County.
Wheelwright, Kentucky
Wheelwright is a city of Kentucky in the United States.
Arbon Valley, Idaho
Arbon Valley is a census-designated place (CDP) of Idaho in the United States.
Wheelwright, Kentucky
Geography
Wheelwright has a total area of 1.8 square miles.
Dick Vitale
Richard John Vitale (born June 9, 1939), also known as "Dickie V", is an American basketball coach and sportscaster. He is known for his career as a college basketball broadcaster for ESPN. Vitale was born in Passaic, New Jersey. In 2008, he was honored into the National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame. From 1978 until 1979, he coached the Detroit Pistons.
Vitale was diagnosed with melanoma in August 2021. Two months later, he was diagnosed with lymphoma.
Animals of New Zealand
The animals of New Zealand have an unusual history. The main thing to know is that the islands were part of Gondwana, from which they separated 84 million years (mya) ago. New Zealand has some animals and plants which survive from that time, and birds which flew there much later. The islands are well known for their terrestrial birds, some of which were large species (the moas). For millions of years the islands did not have any native mammalian carnivores, and the moas' only predators were other birds, such as the giant Haast's eagle.
Jenny Durkan
Jenny Anne Durkan (born May 19, 1958) is an American politician. She was elected Mayor of Seattle in 2017, becoming its first female mayor since the 1920s and the city's second openly LGBT elected mayor.
Animals of New Zealand
History
Humans arrived in New Zealand less than 1,300 years ago. At that time the country's only mammals were bats (which flew there), and pinnipeds and sea lions (which swam there). This meant that all the ecological niches occupied by mammals in other lands were occupied in New Zealand by either insects or birds. Because of this, the country has an unusually large number of flightless birds, of which only the kiwi, and the kakapo survive.
Because of the lack of predators, even the bats spend most of their time on the ground. There are also about 60 species of lizard (30 of gecko and 30 of skink), and four species of frog (all rare and endangered). There are two species of tuatara, Sphenodon, the only surviving reptile in its order. These living fossils are reptiles of a type which flourished as long ago as 200 million years. While mapping its genome, it has been discovered that the species has between five and six billion base pairs of DNA sequence. The reptile now lives only on the islands in the Cook Strait and the Bay of Plenty.
Humans brought with them the Polynesian Rat (Kiore) and the dog. Europeans later brought their domesticated animals. Of these, the rats, ferrets, cats, stoats and dogs have all had serious effect on the original New Zealand animals. They have driven many species to extinction. Possums were later introduced from Australia for a fur industry, and deer from Europe as animals to be hunted. Both seriously damaged the forest habitat of many birds.
Kurt Alder
Kurt Alder (July 10, 1902 – June 20, 1958) was a German chemist and Nobel laureate.
Movement for Multi-Party Democracy
The Movement for Multi-party Democracy (MMD) also known as New Hope MMD is a political party in Zambia. MMD controlled a majority in parliament between 1991 and 2001, when its past leader, Frederick Chiluba was President of Zambia. Its election into power in 1991 ended the 27-year rule of President Kenneth Kaunda and his United National Independence Party (UNIP).
Kurt Alder
Biography
Alder was born in the industrial area of Königshütte, Silesia (modern day Chorzów, Upper Silesia, Poland). He received his early schooling there. Alder left the area for political reasons when Königshütte became part of Poland in 1922. He studied chemistry at the University of Berlin from 1922, and later at the University of Kiel where his earned a PhD in 1926 for work supervised by Diels.
In 1930 Alder was appointed reader for chemistry at Kiel, and promoted to lecturer in 1934. In 1936 he left Kiel to join I G Farben Industrie at Leverkusen, where he worked on synthetic rubber. In 1940, he was appointed Professor of Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Technology at the University of Cologne and Director of the Institute of Chemistry there. Throughout this time and despite the many obstacles to original research in Europe at the time, he continued a systematic program of investigations of his particular interests in the synthesis of organic compounds. In all he published more than 151 papers in this field.
Alder received several honorary degrees and other awards, most famously the 1950 Nobel Prize in Chemistry which he shared with his teacher Diels for their work on what is now known as the Diels–Alder reaction. The lunar crater Alder is named in his honour. The insecticide aldrin, created through a Diels–Alder reaction, is also named for him.
Ju Gau-jeng
Ju Gau-jeng (6 October 1954 – 22 October 2021) was a Taiwanese politician. He was in the Legislative Yuan from 1987 to 1999. He was a member of the Democratic Progressive Party. Ju was born in Yunlin County, Taiwan.
Ju died on 22 October 2021 in Taipei, Taiwan from colorectal cancer, two weeks after his 67th birthday.
Kinderhook, New York
Kinderhook is a town in the northern part of Columbia County, New York, United States. The population was 8,357 as of 2018, making it the municipality with the most people in the county The name of the town comes from the phrase "bend in the corner where the children are" in the language of the original Dutch settlers, by the Dutch word Kinderhoek. The eighth president of the United States, Martin Van Buren was born in Kinderhook.
The city of Kinderhook has two villages and one hamlet.
Etymology
Kinderhook was originally spelled 'Kinderhoek' by famous explorer Henry Hudson in 1609, when spotting some American Indian children looking at his ship, the Half Moon sailing upstream.
History
Hudson had many other encounters with the Indians, who were from the Mohican tribe, such as trading and skirmishing. When the Dutch settled Kinderhook, they had further warfare. However, the Dutch prevailed and established it as a district in 1772 and a town in 1788. Since then, the town lost a lot of land to other towns. In 1775, Chatham took a significant portion of the town, followed by Ghent in 1818 and Stuyvesant in 1823. Kinderhook is one of the original towns of Columbia County and as a result is the most populous.
Arts and culture
The retirement home of U.S. President Martin Van Buren, Lindenwald is in Kinderhook, as well as the famous Luykas Van Alen House, a National Historic Landmark said to be the inspiration for the Van Tassel Family in Washington Irving's book "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow", along with character Jesse Merwin. In honour of this fact, the Ichabod Crane schoolhouse was built next to the van Alen House in 1850, and is also a National Historic Landmark. The other two Landmarks are the James Vanderpoel House of History and the CCHS Museum & Library Building.
The Columbia County Historical Society has its headquarters in Kinderhook. In addition to managing the four National Historic Landmarks of Kinderhook, it owns and displays a permanent collection of important genealogical materials, along with paintings, furniture, and other art related to the culture of Columbia County.
The Martin Van Buren Public School now no longer holds classes, but does have an international gallery of contemporary art, named The School. It is owned by the Jack Shainman Gallery in New York City.
Demographics
In the 2018 American Community Survey 5-Year-Estimate, there were 8,357 people. The races in Kinderhook were 94.6% white, 0.6% black or African American, 0.2% Native American or Alaska Native, 0.5% Asian, 3.1% from other races, and 1% two or more races.
In the town, the population was spread out with 4.4% under the age of 5, 78.7% between the ages of 18 and 65, and 21.7% above the age of 65. The average age was 48 years.
The average income for full-time year-round workers in Kinderhook was $62,250 for males and $50,882 for females.
Government
The current Town Supervisor is Patrice Leader.
Famous Residents
Famous residents of Kinderhook include:
Starksboro, Vermont
Starksboro is a town in Addison County, Vermont, United States.
Johann Joachim Quantz
Johann Joachim Quantz (30 January 1697 – 12 July 1773) was a German composer, flautist (somebody who plays the flute) and flute maker from the late Baroque period. He was Frederick the Great's flute teacher.
Life
Quantz was born in Oberscheden, Electorate of Hanover. From 1708 to 1713, Quantz studied music with his uncle, Justus Quantz, a town musician in Merseburg. After his uncle died, he studied with the organist Friedrich Kiesewetter. In 1714, Quantz travelled to Pirna, a town near Dresden. He studied Vivaldi's violin concertos.
From 1724 to 1727, Quantz went on a trip around Europe. He met and studied with many musicians, including Francesco Gasparini in Rome, Alessandro Scarlatti in Naples, Michel Blavet in Paris, and George Frideric Handel in London. He returned to Dresden in July 1727. The trip made him famous around Europe.
In 1728, Quantz visitied Berlin. He met Crown Prince Frederick. He returned to Berlin two times a year to teach Prince Frederick the flute. When King August II died, Quantz stayed in Dresden until Prince Frederick became King of Prussia. Quantz moved to Berlin. He became a composer and flute player for King Frederick. Quantz did not write operas. Other composers in Frederick's court wrote operas.
Music
Quantz did not publish a lot of his music during his life. He wrote concertos, trio sonatas, and other works for the flute.
Writing
Quantz wrote On Playing the Flute in 1752. It explains how people played music and the flute in the baroque period.
List of settlements in Papua New Guinea
This is a list of the largest cities and towns in Papua New Guinea.
*  Is a capital city. ~ Is an estimated population. All other populations were determined by the 2000 census. ? Is a population with an undetermined rank.
Rudd Weatherwax
Ruddell Bird "Rudd" Weatherwax (September 23, 1907 – February 25, 1985) was an animal trainer. He trained dogs for movies and television. He trained a collie named Pal for the 1943 MGM movie Lassie Come Home. Pal appeared in six other MGM "Lassie" movies. He also trained Pal and his male descendants for the Lassie television series (1954-1974). He trained Spike for the 1957 Disney movie Old Yeller. He also trained Homer, the unofficial New York Mets team mascot in the 1960s.
Kenichi Fukui
Kenichi Fukui (October 4, 1918–January 9, 1998) was a Japanese chemist. He won the 1981 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Career
Fukui worked at the Army Fuel Laboratory of Japan during World War II.{
In 1943, he was appointed a lecturer in fuel chemistry at Kyoto Imperial University.
He was professor of physical chemistry at Kyoto University from 1951 to 1982.
He was president of the Kyoto Institute of Technology between 1982 and 1988.
Fukui shared the 1981 Nobel Prize with Roald Hoffmann. Fukui and Hoffmann worked separately on the mechanisms of chemical reactions. Fukui explained in his Nobel lecture that,
Chained to the Rhythm
"Chained to the Rhythm" is a 2017 disco and dancehall song by American singer-songwriter Katy Perry. Skip Marley, the grandson of Jamaican singer Bob Marley, raps in the song. It is taken from Perry's fifth studio album, Witness, and is the ninth track on the album. It is about partying and being aware of things in society.
The song hit #1 in Mexico and Hungary. It also hit the top five in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and many other countries. In the United States, the song entered at #4 on the Billboard Hot 100. On April 27, 2017, the song was certified platinum in the United States for sales and streams equal to one million copies.
Production and composition
For her fifth studio album, Perry said she wanted to make purposeful pop music. She had gotten depressed when Donald Trump was elected President of the United States in November 2016 and was not in the mood to "write a club banger."
Music video
The video for the song is set in a carnival-type land called Oblivia and shows Perry riding amusement park rides. It was released on February 21, 2017.
Neocolonialism
Neocolonialism is a system where empires pretend to let their colonies be free, but they continue to run them secretly. The term "neo" means "new", so it means that the system is a new version of colonialism. The word neocolonialism was carefully explained by socialists in the 1960s, who were afraid their countries wouldn't really be independent. The socialists mostly talked about the old empires controlling the politics and economy of their countries, but some people also talk about neocolonialism as a way to control culture too.
Kwame Nkrumah, the first president of Ghana after it became independent from the British Empire, wrote a well-known book about neocolonialism. Many people have heard of the idea because of his book. Che Guevara is another famous opponent of neocolonialism.
Most people who use the word neocolonialism and believe it describes the world today are socialists, anti-imperialists, and other types of leftists. Liberals and right-wing people tend to disagree with the idea of neocolonialism.
Horst Ehmke
Horst Paul August Ehmke (4 February 1927 – 12 March 2017) was a German lawyer, law professor and politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). He served as Federal Minister of Justice (1969), Chief of Staff at the German Chancellery and Federal Minister for Special Affairs (1969–1972) and Federal Minister for Research, Technology, and Post (1972–1974).
Ehmke died on 12 March 2017 in Bonn at the age of 90.
Alexander Joseph Brunett
Alexander Joseph Brunett (January 17, 1934 – January 31, 2020) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was Archbishop of Seattle from 1997 until his retirement in 2010. Brunett was the Bishop of Helena from 1994 to 1997 and after his retirement he was apostolic administrator of the Diocese of Oakland, California from 2012 to 2013. He was born in Detroit, Michigan.
Brunett died on January 31, 2020 in Seattle, Washington at the age of 86.
Weybridge, Vermont
Weybridge is a town in Addison County, Vermont, United States.
Pascal
Pascal is a programming language. It was created in 1970 by Niklaus Wirth, to help people learn how to make computer programs.
Development
Now, there are many different dialects of the language, some of which support object-oriented programming. In 1990 the “Pascal” and “Extended Pascal” standards were registered with the International Organization for Standardization.
Gérard Vignoble
Gérard Antoine Gaston Vignoble (29 October 1945 – 22 August 2022) was a French politician. He was a member of the Centre of Social Democrats. He was in the National Assembly from 1988 to 1997 and again from 2002 to 2007.
Pascal
Description
Every variable has to be declared before it is used. Pascal is a strongly typed programming language: Every variable has a data type. You are only allowed to assign values to the variable that are valid for the data type. This ensures that the programmer does not make unintentional mistakes.
Gérard Vignoble
Vignoble died in Dinard, France on 22 August 2022 at the age of 76.
Pascal
Description
Pascal is a imperative language. The language distinguishes between procedures and functions. A  returns a value, a   does not. As such, a  call appears in an expression, whereas a   invocation is a statement.
Code samples
This code prints  at console window:
This code calculate factorial of a positive integer, using recursion.
Dangerous Lies (2020 movie)
Dangerous Lies is a 2020 American thriller movie, directed by Michael Scott from a screenplay by David Golden. It stars Camila Mendes, Jessie T. Usher, Jamie Chung, Cam Gigandet, Sasha Alexander, Elliott Gould and Radhesh Aria. It was released on April 30, 2020, by Netflix. It had negative reviews. It is set in Chicago, Illinois however it was filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia.
Stuart Scott
Stuart Orlando Scott (July 19, 1965 – January 4, 2015) was an American sportscaster and anchor on ESPN, most notably on the network's SportsCenter. He was born in Chicago, Illinois.
Battle of the Mediterranean
Characteristics
Each side had three overall goals in this battle. The first was to attack the supply lines of the other side. The second was to keep open its own supply lines, the Axis to their own armies in North Africa and the Allies to supply the island of Malta. The third was to destroy the ability of the opposing navy to wage war at sea.
Stuart Scott
Scott died in Avon, Connecticut from appendix cancer aged 49.
Battle of the Mediterranean
Characteristics
Outside of the Pacific ocean, the Mediterranean saw the largest conventional naval warfare during the war. In particular, Allied forces struggled to supply and retain the key naval and air base of Malta.
Radar and fuel
Italian warships had a general reputation as well-designed and good-looking. But some Italian cruiser classes were rather deficient in armour. All Italian warships lacked radar for most of the war, although this was partly offset by their good "rangefinder" and "fire-control" systems. In addition, whereas Allied commanders at sea had discretion on how to act, Italian commanders were closely and precisely governed by Italian Naval Headquarters (Supermarina). This could lead to action being avoided when the Italians had a clear advantage (e.g., During "Operation Hats"). Italian Naval Headquarters was conscious that the British could replace ships lost in the Mediterranean, whereas Italian Navy resources were limited and there was a terrible lack of fuel.
The Italian Navy entered the war with only one year of fuel required to operate normally. By 1943 the lack of fuel prevented naval operations far away from the coasts of Italy.
The Allies had "Ultra" intercepts from Bletchley Park, which predicted the Italian movements, and radar, which enabled them to locate the ships and to range their weapons at distance and at night. The better air reconnaissance skills of the Fleet Air Arm and their close collaboration with surface units were other major causes of the initial Italian defeats (like in the Battle of Cape Matapan).
Waltham, Vermont
Waltham is a town in Addison County, Vermont, United States.
Battle of the Mediterranean
Forces
The Axis forces in this campaign were:-
The Allied forces in this campaign were:-
History
On 10 June 1940, Italy declared war on Britain and France. On the following day, Italian bombers attacked Malta on what was to be the first of many raids. The first clash between the rival fleets, the Battle of Calabria, took place on 9 July 1940, just four weeks after the start of hostilities. This was inconclusive (neither side won), and was followed by a series of small ship actions (the battle of the Espero convoy, battle of Cape Spada)  during the autumn.
In spring 1940 the British Royal navy attacked at Mers el Kebir (Algeria) the French navy of Vichy, sinking two battleships and other minor ships. In November, the RN mounted an aerial attack on the Italian fleet in Taranto harbour, crippling three capital ships and changing the balance of power in the Mediterranean.
Three months later the fleets clashed again at the Battle of Cape Matapan. This was a major Allied victory; three Italian cruisers were sunk, and a battleship damaged in a two-day battle ending in a night action.
In spring 1941 the Greek and Yugoslavian navy were destroyed and/or made captive by the Italians (with help from the German air force) during the Italo-German war in the western Balkans against Greece and Yugoslavia.
Following the battle of Crete in the summer of 1941, the Royal Navy got the better of things in the central Mediterranean in a series of successful convoy attacks, (such as the Duisburg convoy and the Battle of Cape Bon) until the events  around  the First Battle of Sirte and the Raid on Alexandria in December swung the balance of power in the Axis favour.
The Italian Navy's most successful attack was when divers planted mines on British battleships during the raid on Alexandria harbour (19 December 1941). HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Valiant were sunk (but ten months later raised and returned to active service). During those ten months the Italian Navy enjoyed a temporary control of the Mediterranean sea (called by Mussolini's propaganda the Mare Nostrum, meaning "our sea").
A series of hard fought convoy battles (Second Battle of Sirte in March, Operations Harpoon and Vigorous in June, and Operation Pedestal in August) were victories for the Axis but ensured Malta's survival, until the  Allies regained the advantage in November 1942.
In Sept 1943 with the Italian collapse and the surrender of Italian fleet, naval actions in Mediterranean became  restricted to actions against U-boats and by small craft in the Adriatic and Aegean seas.
Major Axis and Allied amphibious operations
The following are the major amphibious operations staged during the Battle of the Mediterranean:
Palestine (region)
Palestine is a region in the Middle East. It is in the Levant, between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea. Many cultures have lived in Palestine through history and built their civilizations, such as the Philistines, Phoenicians and Arabs. It is also called the Holy Land. It is where Judaism and Christianity began.
Today, the region is divided into two states: Israel and the State of Palestine. The territories in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip have been disputed between Israel and Palestine. Many cities in the region are sacred to Abrahamic religions: Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Nazareth and Hebron are among the most important. Now Palestine only owns a quarter of the country.
In English it is sometimes written as Philistine. The Philistines were a people who invaded the area. The Arabs came to Palestine much later.
State of Palestine
The State of Palestine, also known simply as Palestine, is a de jure sovereign state in the Middle East with Jerusalem as its capital. It is recognized by 141 UN members. Since 2012 it has non-member observer state in the United Nations. This amounts to a de facto, or implicit, recognition of statehood.
The State of Palestine claims the West Bank and the Gaza Strip as its territory. Its independence was declared on 15 November 1988.
Ancient times
The first people to migrate to the land of Palestine were Canaanites, who came from north of Arabia and normally spoke Arabic. They have also adopted the idea of alphabets from those who lived in the current Lebanon. This migration occurred ca. 5000 b.c. After 3000 years came Israelites who are the sons of Jackob, son of Abraham. Israelites ruled over the region of today's Palestine, which at the time was in an area known as Southern Canaan or the Land of Palestine. The area went from Tyre in the north to Beersheba in the south. After the death of King Solomon, the land was split into a Northern Kingdom known as Samaria and Southern Kingdom known as Judea. The Northern Kingdom was conquered by Assyrian King Sennacherib, expelling most of its Israelite residents. Ava was conquered by the Babylonians more than 100 years later, and much of its Jewish population was expelled as well. However, despite the destruction, some Jews and Samaritans remained in the land. After Persian takeover of the Babylonian Empire, then Jakereturned to Judea and slowly rebuilt their civilization. The area remained under direct Persian rule for 200 years more, with Jews having a limited autonomy. Now most Palestinians go to different countries like Jordan, Lebanon and Syria.