cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Blac Chyna
Blac Chyna (born May 11, 1988) is an American model and socialite. She was born Angela Renée White in Maryland. She began her career as a stripper and before becoming a model. She has appeared in many hip hop music videos. Drake made a reference of Black Chyna in his 2010 song "Miss Me". She was named the Model of the Year at the Urban Model Awards in 2011.
Zele
Zele is a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders.
Crazy Little Thing Called Love
"Crazy Little Thing Called Love" is a 1979 song by Queen and is taken from their eighth studio album The Game (1980). It went to number 1 in Australia, Canada, the Netherlands and the United States, number 2 in Ireland, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, number 3 in Belgium and South Africa, number 5 in Switzerland, number 8 in Norway, number 9 in Austria and number 13 in Germany. It has been covered by Dwight Yoakam.
Zele
In 2007, 20444 people lived there.
It is at 51° 04 North, 04° 02 East.
It's Pony
It's Pony is a British-American animated television series. It was created by Ant Blades. The series was first broadcast on Nickelodeon in the United States on January 18, 2020. The series is designed, produced, and animated by Blue-Zoo Animation.
The series is about the life of Annie as she does her best to cope on her parents' "farm" This farm is on the balcony of their apartment). The series also deals with the everyday struggles of being a 9-year-old in the city. Luckily, she has a pony.
MC Ren
Lorenzo Jerald Patterson (born June 16, 1969) is an American rapper. He is best known by his stage name MC Ren. MC Ren was a member of the gangsta rap group N.W.A.
Childhood and early life
Like all N.W.A members (except Ice Cube) he was born and raised in Compton, California.
Rapping career
He joined N.W.A after completing his senior year of high school. He was with N.W.A on all their studio and EP releases. Problems over money caused N.W.A to end. MC Ren and all the other members of N.W.A went solo.
Using Eazy E's record label, Ruthless Records, Ren released his first album Shock of Tha Hour in 1993.
Schengen Area
The Schengen Area is an area that includes 27 European countries. All of those countries have signed the Schengen Agreement in Schengen, Luxembourg in 1985.
The Schengen area removes passport control between its member countries. This means travelers who go from one Schengen country to another do not clear immigration checks anymore. Passengers go through immigration checks if they enter or exit the Schengen Area.
Livermore Falls, Maine
Livermore Falls is a town in Androscoggin County, Maine, United States.
Schengen Area
At this moment, 400 million people live in the area. The territory covers 4,312,099 square kilometres.
History
On 14 June 1985 the Schengen Agreement was signed. This happened on the boat Princess Marie-Astrid in the middle of the river Moselle. On that place, the borders of France, Germany and Luxembourg meet. Five countries signed the Agreement: Belgium, France, Luxembourg, Netherlands and West Germany. It was signed, but that didn't mean it was already implemented.
In 26 March 1995, all European Union members (except the United Kingdom and Ireland) signed the Agreement. Norway and Iceland also signed the Agreement.
On 1 May 2004, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia joined the EU. They signed the Schengen agreement on that same day. They implemented the Schengen Agreement on 21 December 2007.
Switzerland joined the Schengen Area on 12 December 2008. Liechtenstein joined it on 19 December 2011. Croatia joined it on 1 January 2023.
Members
Twenty-seven countries belong to the Schengen Area. All these countries are members of the European Union, except Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland.
Current
a. EFTA states outside the EU that are associated with the Schengen activities of the EU, and where the Schengen rules apply.
b. For overland borders and seaports; since 30 March 2008 also for airports.
c. East Germany became part of the Federal Republic of Germany, joining Schengen, on 3 October 1990. Before this it remained outside the agreement. Despite some media reports, Heligoland is not outside Schengen; it is only outside the European Union Value Added Tax Area.
d. Greenland and the Faroe Islands are not included in the Schengen area, although there might be relaxed checks in the Faroe Islands for flights from Scandinavia, thanks to the Nordic Passport Union, although a passport is still recommended. A Schengen visa issued by a Schengen state will not allow the holder access to either territories, only a Danish visa stamped with either "Valid for the Faroe Islands" or "Valid for Greenland", or both.
e. However, Jan Mayen is part of the Schengen Area.
f. The full Schengen acquis applies to all Spanish territories, but there are border checks on departure from Ceuta and Melilla to Spain or other Schengen countries, because of specific arrangements for visa exemptions for Moroccan nationals resident in the provinces of Tetuan and Nador.
Schengen Visa
Some nationalities need visas to visit the Schengen Area. They only need one Schengen visa for all countries. But they must apply at the embassy of their main destination. The main destination is where a traveller wants to spend the longest time. The visa officer can issue a visa for only one trip or many trips. The officer also decides how long the visa is valid for. The traveller needs to exit before the Schengen visa expires.
Travellers who do not need a Schengen visa can stay for up to 90 days in a 180-day period.
Sablet
Sablet is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.
White Pony
White Pony is the third album by the alternative metal band Deftones. It was released on June 20, 2000. It was made by Terry Date, who also made the band's first two albums: Adrenaline (1995) and Around the Fur (1997). It was recorded between August and December 1999 in Sausalito, California.
Eleanor Holmes Norton
Eleanor Holmes Norton (born June 13, 1937) is an American politician. She serves as a non-voting Delegate to the United States House of Representatives representing the District of Columbia. Norton may serve on committees as well as speak on the House floor; however, she is not allowed to vote on the final passage of any legislation.
Livermore, Maine
Livermore is a town in Androscoggin County, Maine, United States.
Abdul Quader Molla
Abdul Quader Molla (আব্দুল কাদের মোল্লা; 14 August 1948 – 12 December 2013) was a politician in Bangladesh. He was convicted of war crimes committed during the 1971 liberation war of Bangladesh. He is the assistant secretary-general of the Jamaat-e-Islami, the largest Islamist party in the country. He was scheduled to be executed by hanging on 11 December 2013 at 0:01. Later, the execution was postponed until 10:30 of the day.
He is the former executive editor of The Daily Sangram. He stood twice unsuccessfully for parliament in 1986 and 1996. He was contesting the seat Faridpur-4 for Jamaat-e-Islami.
Molla was executed on 12 December 2013.
Nommern
Nommern (Noumer) is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Mersch.
As of 2019, 1,421 people live here.
John G. Morris
John Godfrey Morris (December 7, 1916 – July 28, 2017) was an American picture editor and an important figure in the history of photojournalism. He was born in Maple Shade, New Jersey. He worked for the weekly picture magazine Life throughout World War II.
Morris died on July 28, 2017 in Paris of heart failure at the age of 100.
Diomede, Alaska
Diomede is a city in Alaska, United States. It is on Little Diomede Island. The island is in the middle of the Bering Strait. It is near the International Date Line.
There are no major roads on the island. There also are no banks or restaurants. A general store has basic supplies, while a laundromat has washers, dryers, and showers for people living in the village. There is a medical clinic for basic health care found in the same building as the store and laundromat. Diomede is the only place people live on the island. Mail is delivered to the island by helicopter.
Charlie Gard
Charlie Gard (4 August 2016 – 28 July 2017) was a British infant born Bedfont, London with a rare genetic condition known as mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome that causes progressive brain damage and muscle failure, including the muscles needed to breathe. There is no treatment, and it causes death in infancy.
Background
His parents, Chris Gard and Connie Yates, brought him to the Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH) in October 2016 because he was having trouble breathing, and he was put on mechanical ventilation.
His condition continued to deteriorate, and the genetic condition was diagnosed in November. The doctors and parents initially agreed to attempt an experimental treatment, but after the child had seizures that caused more brain damage in January, the doctors withdrew their support for trying the treatment because it was futile and would only prolong whatever pain the infant was suffering.
Court cases
This disagreement led to a series of court cases. The courts consistently supported GOSH's position, and the parents eventually dropped their challenge and agreed to withdraw life support. There was one more court case, about how to allow the child to die, which was decided on 27 July. On that day he was transferred to a hospice, and on the next day mechanical ventilation was withdrawn and he died at the age of 11 months and 24 days, a week before his first birthday.
Death
A week after being placed in hospice care in London on 28 July 2017 at 11 months.
Balls Mahoney
Jon Rechner (April 11, 1972 – April 12, 2016) was an American professional wrestler who was best known for wrestling for World Wrestling Federation and Extreme Championship Wrestling under the ring name, Balls Mahoney. He was born in Spring Lake Heights, New Jersey.
Jesús María, Aguascalientes
Jesús María is a city in the state of Aguascalientes and is the capital of the municipality of the same name.
Asmita (TV series)
It is a story of Asmita, a private detective girl, where she solve crime cases with her partners.
Jesús María, Aguascalientes
In 2020 it had a population of 130,000 inhabitants, making it the second largest city in Aguascalientes only below Aguascalientes City, its main activities are livestock, agriculture and forestry, it has a twinning with Queen Creek, Arizona.
Borders of Israel
The state of Israel has borders with four countries: Lebanon in the north, Egypt (and Gaza) in the southwest, Jordan (and the West Bank) in the east, and Syria in the northeast. Israel also has "sea borders" in the Red Sea, the Dead Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. The current borders Israel are the result of war, diplomatic agreements between Israel and its neighbors, and colonial powers from before its creation.
Ben Gurion International Airport
Ben Gurion International Airport (נְמַל הַתְּעוּפָה בֵּן גּוּרְיוֹן, Nemal HaTe'ūfa Ben Gurion) is an international airport in Tel Aviv, Israel. This airport is the main international airport in Israel and the largest airport in Israel.
Balls Mahoney
On April 12, 2016, one day after his 44th birthday, Rechner died suddenly of cardiac arrest at his home in Spring Lake Heights, New Jersey.
Borders of Israel
Some borders are internationally recognized while others are not accepted by all countries. The borders with Lebanon, Syria and Jordan are based on those drawn by the United Kingdom and France in 1923. The border with Egypt is the international border determined in 1906 between United Kingdom and the Ottoman Empire. Israel's borders with Egypt and Jordan have been formally recognized as part official peace treaties between the countries. On the other hand, the borders with Syria and Palestinian National Authority are still in dispute between the sides involved. The Golan Heights area is at the heart of the dispute between Israel and Syria on their common border. There is agreement between Israel and Lebanon on their border, with the exception of a small area of known as the "Shebaa Farms" which Israel took over during a war. Since the 1990s, Israel and the Palestinian Authority have been negotiating a border between them as well.
Ben Gurion International Airport
The airport is named after the first Israeli prime minister David Ben-Gurion.
Barret-sur-Méouge
Barret-sur-Méouge is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department.
CD Condal
Club Deportivo Condal was a Spanish football club based in Barcelona. It was founded in 1934 and dissolved in 1970. The team played at the Camp de Les Corts, in Barcelona.
History
Condal was founded on 1 August 1934 as Sección Deportiva La España Industrial. It was renamed Club Deportivo Condal in 1956. In 1970 it merged with Atlètic Catalunya to create Barcelona Atlètic (now FC Barcelona Atlètic), which is the reserve team of FC Barcelona.
Andy Burnham
Andrew Murray Burnham (born 7 January 1970) is an English politician. He was a candidate in the 2010 Labour leadership election. As of 2012 Burnham was Shadow Secretary of State for Health within Ed Miliband's Shadow Cabinet. He is the Member of Parliament for the Leigh constituency in the United Kingdom. He was first elected in the 2001 general election.
Fethullah Gülen
Muhammed Fethullah Gülen (born 27 April 1941), better known as Fethullah Gülen, is a Turkish preacher, author, educator and Muslim scholar. He lives in self-imposed exile in Pennsylvania (USA).
CBBC (TV channel)
CBBC (Children's BBC) is the name of a television channel that often shows children's programmes. The programmes are meant for children that are now between 7 and 14 years old in 2023. The "Children's BBC" name began on 9 September 1985. Before then there were BBC children's programmes, but they were not branded under one name. The name "CBBC" was used informally since 1990, and became the official name in 1997.
CBBC programmes are shown on BBC One, BBC Two and the CBBC Channel. CBBC has a sister brand, CBeebies, for children under 6. The CBBC brands for BBC One and BBC Two are "CBBC One" and "CBBC Two".
Since February 2006, the Controller of the BBC Children's department has been Richard Deverell. The department splits output into age groups:
Presentation
Monday 3 September 2007 saw the fifth CBBC relaunch. As part of the relaunch, new logos, idents, interactive services, programmes and presenters were introduced. The previous computer generated backgrounds used from December 2006 were replaced by a real set.
Fethullah Gülen
Gülen teaches a moderate version of Sunni / Hanafi Islam, deriving from that of Said Nursi's teachings and modernizing them. Gülen condemns terrorism, supports communication between people of different religions, and has initiated such dialogue with the Vatican and some Jewish organisations. Until 2013 he was an ally of President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, who later blamed him for the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt. He operates a worldwide organisation called the Gülen Movement also known as FETÖ.
CBBC (TV channel)
Presentation
Ed Petrie became the chief continuity presenter, accompanied by a puppet sidekick Oucho T. Cactus (operated and voiced by Warrick Brownlow-Pike). They regularly present live, weekday afternoon links on the CBBC channel with Petrie voicing pre-recorded, out-of-vision announcements during for weekdays on BBC One. On 29 August 2008, they went on extended leave to record a new series for CBBC - they returned to continuity duties on 1 December 2008. During this period, relief presenter Holly Walsh presented weekday afternoon links for the channel with Dunceton the Talking Brain.
Fethullah Gülen
Teachings
Fethullah Gülen's attitude towards hijab has changed over time. In the past, Gülen, who regarded the unwinding of even a strand of women's hair as a great sin, suggested that women should cover their whole body by using veils and gloves. In his last speeches, Gülen evaluated the headscarf as a füruat (minor details).
CBBC (TV channel)
Presentation
Anne Foy presented pre-recorded in-vision links at the weekend alongside her dog, Elliot, until her departure in March 2008. Foy was replaced by two new presenters, Ben Hanson and Ciaran Joyce, who previously appeared in CBBC show The Story of Tracy Beaker. They have since been replaced by comedy double act Dan and Jeff.
David Draiman
David Draiman (born March 13, 1973) is singer and founding member of the hard rock band Disturbed.
CBBC (TV channel)
Presentation
The idents were replaced with new ones in 2014, but the logo stayed the same.
Fethullah Gülen
Teachings
For Fethullah Gülen, to allow views opposed to belief in creation is a devastating delusion and evolution, a Darwin fallacy.
Andy Burnham
Burnham was born in Old Roan, Aintree, Lancashire and raised in Culcheth, Warrington.
David Draiman
Other
Forsaken (2002) – a song released on the Queen of the Damned soundtrack
CBBC (TV channel)
CBBC extra
CBBC extra is a free interactive television service from CBBC. It is found on the BBCi pages. It is accessible from the CBBC Channel by pressing the red button and then selecting "CBBC extra". It can also be accessed from any other BBCi page by pressing 570.
The service is different on different digital platforms, for example Sky viewers can access the video loop. But it is only available on Freeview when BBCi is not showing other interactive services, like sports events.
CBBC extra offers games, the UK Top 40 music, jokes sent in by viewers, "Nev's Horoscopes", and a weekly competition. The current presenter of CBBC extra is Ed Petrie.
It has been discontinued since CBBC last changed its logo.
CBBC Quiz
This new feature allows the viewers to play a quiz. There are 15 levels, each containing 5 up to 10 questions. Viewers can also send in their questions which could be shown on the service. The CBBC Quiz can be from the CBBC extra page, by selecting the option called "CBBC Quiz". This option is also available on the main interactive menu on the CBBC Channel, by pressing the red button.
Website
The CBBC website has a wide range of activities, such as games, puzzles, message boards and frequently updated news and more stuff. The website is found.
Adventure Rock
Adventure Rock (renamed from CBBC World) is a virtual online world that launched on 1 March 2008. Press releases have stated "it would allow digitally literate children the access to characters and resources they had come to expect. Users would be able to build an online presence, known as an avatar, then create and share content."
The main points of the system are safety and responsibility online, with no chatrooms or the financial aspects available in other online worlds such as Second Life.
Controller of Children's BBC Richard Deverell said: "Adventure Rock is a good example of the way we need to go. The thing that interests me is that children are at the vanguard. And that is where we are taking Children's BBC." and still fun.
Duke Lemur Center
The Duke Lemur Center is an 85 acre sanctuary for several species of lemurs and lorises. It is at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. The center is the largest sanctuary for these animals in the world. There are about 10 different species at the center. The center does not harm the animals while researching them. The Duke Lemur Center is open to the public. Tours are by appointment only.
Petro Kravchuk
Petro Kostiantynovych Kravchuk (Петро́ Костянти́нович Кравчу́к; 11 July 1962 – 3 August 2022) was a Ukrainian politician. He was a member of Ukraine – Forward!. He was a People's Deputy of Ukraine from 2006 to 2008. Kravchuk was born in Volyn Oblast, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union.
Duke Lemur Center
On November 10, 2014, Jovian (best known for mainly portraying Zoboomafoo in the series of the same name) died at his home in the center of renal failure at age 20. It is currently unknown when his funeral was.
Petro Kravchuk
Kravchuk died on 3 August 2022, at the age of 60.
Andy Burnham
He is a member of the Labour Party.
On 5 May 2017, he was elected mayor of Greater Manchester.
Tuntange
Tuntange (Téinten, Tüntingen) is a former commune in Luxembourg. It was part of the canton of Mersch.
Fethullah Gülen
Teachings
According to Gülene, the creation of Adam as the first human and Eve from Adam's file bone are miracle creations that should not be addressed in the context of cause-effect relationship.
Tuntange
On 1 January 2018, the commune was merged with Boevange-sur-Attert to form the new commune of Helperknapp.
Fethullah Gülen
Teachings
He wrote his anti-evolutionary ideas in his book "The Truth of Creation and Evolution". This book was prepared by compiling his speeches at the meetings he held against Darwinism and evolution. In the book he states that biology science is a "fantasy" and that the greatest biology fantasy is the theory of evolution.
Saignon
Saignon is a commune. It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.
Lidingö Municipality
Lidingö Municipality (Lidingö kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in central Sweden. The seat is in Lidingö.
Shaun Woodward
Shaun Anthony Woodward (born 26 October 1958 in Bristol, England) is a British politician and is the Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland in Ed Miliband's shadow cabinet. He is the Labour Party Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of St Helens South in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.
Kay Lenz
Kay Lenz (born March 4, 1953) is an American actress and former child performer. She has worked mainly in television. She has received two Emmy Awards. She played Jane in American Graffiti. She also played Maggie Zombro in Reasonable Doubts.
Ohsama Sentai King-Ohger
Ohsama Sentai King-Ohger is a Japanese television series. It is the 47th Toei's Super Sentai series. Its Insectoid-themed Avataro Sentai Donbrothers The show succeeded Kamen Rider Geats line-up Super Hero Time to Ohsama Sentai King-Ohger premiered March 5, 2023, on TV Asahi.
Shaun Woodward
He was first elected in the 1997 general election as the Conservative Party MP for the constituency of Witney but changed to Labour in 1999. At the 2001 General Election he was made the MP for the St Helens South constituency and was the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland from 2007 to 2010. When Ed Miliband became Labour leader, Shaun Woodward was made the Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland.
Ed Miliband
Edward Samuel Miliband MP (born 24 December 1969) is a British politician. He was the leader of the Labour Party and of the Official Opposition. He is also the Labour Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of Doncaster North, and is a former cabinet minister.
He was born in University College Hospital, Bloomsbury, London and raised in Primrose Hill. His parents were Polish-Jewish immigrants. He is the younger son of the Marxist thinker Ralph Miliband. At the London School of Economics, he obtained a Master's degree in Economics, and then became an advisor to Labour politicians such as Harriet Harman and Gordon Brown. At the 2005 general election, he was elected to be the MP for Doncaster North. His first job in government was as the Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change, which he took up on October 3, 2008 and remained as until Labour lost the 2010 General Election.
He resigned as leader in May 2015 after Labour lost to the Conservative Party in the 2015 General Election. Jeremy Corbyn replaced him.
Indoor cricket
Playing area
The indoor cricket court is a 30 x area, with the pitch being 20 m long and 1.83 m meters wide except in the area where the bowler delivers the ball. There is a running crease 11 meters away from the batting crease. The batting crease is 17.56 m from the other popping crease.
Rules
The batsmen run between their grounds, which are separated by the batting crease and the running crease and the area between these creases, to score runs, with the bowler delivering the ball with part of their front foot behind the bowling crease (which is the popping crease at the bowler's end of the pitch; it is not to be confused with the "wicket line", the indoor cricket term for what regular cricket calls the bowling crease). The bowler is allowed to deliver the ball underarm, but if they do so, the ball must bounce beyond the underarm line. Teams may have less than 11 players.
Zelzate
Zelzate is a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders.
In 2007, 12190 people lived there.
It is at 51° 12 North, 03° 48 East.
Dickie Minyintiri
Dickie Minyintiri (c. 1915 – 23 September 2014) was an Australian Aboriginal artist from Pukatja, South Australia. He began painting in 2005, when he was about 90 years old. After winning the National Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Art Award in 2011, he became a very successful artist. He ws said to be the oldest artist at Pukatja, and also the community's most senior lawman (a keeper of Tjukurpa or sacred knowledge).
Life
Minyintiri was born into a Pitjantjatjara family some time around 1915. He was born in the bush at Pilpirinyi, Western Australia, near the border with South Australia. His childhood was spent living nomadically in the desert with his family. Their homelands were spread over a large area along the border, but they often travelled far to the east for ceremonies. They camped for several years around the Musgrave Ranges near what would later become the settlement of Ernabella. This was before the arrival of White people in the area. The family had their first contact with Western civilisation in the 1920s, when Minyintiri was still a child. They encountered a group of men on camels trying to pull a truck out of a bog.
Minyintiri and his family were there for the establishment of the mission settlement of Ernabella in 1937. They settled on the mission with several other Aboriginal families. Minyintiri has lived at Ernabella since then. He worked for most of his life as a shepherd and shearer. In his later years, he became a widely respected ngangkaṟi (traditional healer), and is now one of the most important elders in his community. Before he became a painter, Minyintiri crafted traditional wooden tools (mostly spears).
Ovidio Messa
Ovidio Messa Soruco (12 December 1952 – 27 July 2017) was a Bolivian footballer. He was born in Yacuíba, Bolivia. He was known for playing for the Bolivia national football team from 1978 through 1979.
Dickie Minyintiri
Life
Minyintiri began painting at Ernabella Arts in late 2005. He painted at the art centre for a few hours each day, while his wife (now deceased) would wait outside with their dogs to keep her company. Minyintiri originally painted on paper, but now paints on canvas. His works have been shown in many group exhibitions since 2006, in most major Australian cities. The South Australian Museum was one of the first public galleries to show his work, which it did in a 2007 exhibition.
Ovidio Messa
Messa died on 27 July 2017 of pancreatic cancer in Alicante, Spain at the age of 64.
Dickie Minyintiri
Artwork
Most of Minyintiri's paintings are done using synthetic polymer paint on canvases. His earliest paintings were done on paper. His paintings are almost always multi-layered (several layers painted over the top of each other), with strong motifs and symbols representing landmarks or figures. Each layer represents a different memory or story. Because of his old age, Minyintiri only paints six to eight artworks a year. Nearly all of them are large canvases.
His paintings depict sacred stories from his Dreaming (a kind of spirituality). He paints songlines, or the journeys taken by the ancestral beings of his Dreaming country – such as the kanyaḻa (euro), malu (red kangaroo), wiilu (stone-curlew), waru (wallaby) and kaḻaya (emu). His art is often also a reflection of his younger life in the desert, before settling permanently at Ernabella. The religious elements of his works are always obscured, for cultural reasons.
Examples of Minyintiri's work are held in the National Gallery of Victoria, the Art Gallery of South Australia, the Art Gallery of New South Wales, the Queensland Gallery of Modern Art, and the National Gallery of Australia.
NATSIAA
In 2010, Minyintiri's painting Malukutjina ("Red Kangaroo Tracks") was chosen as a finalist for the 27th National Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Art Award. The award was won by Jimmy Donegan, another Pitjantjatjara artist, from Kalka. Minyintiri won the 28th NATSIAA in August 2011, for his painting Kanyalakutjina ("Euro Tracks"). His work was chosen from over 300 entries, which had been reduced to 61 finalists. Minyintiri was about 96 at the time. With Donegan winning the award the year before, it was the second year in a row that an artist from the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands had won.
Kanyalakutjina is a multi-layered synthetic painting, done on a large canvas. The background is made up of pale yellows and oranges, and is covered with a complex network of thick, ivory-coloured lines. Flashes of blue, black and pink peep through the surface lines. The judges praised Minyintiri for his subtle use of colour. His work was compared to the early batik works of Emily Kngwarreye.
The painting depicts a sacred men's ceremonial site near Pilpirinyi. The network of lines traces the tracks of ancestral spirits (kangaroos, dogs and emu) to important waterholes, where men also went for their ceremonies. Each layer and line is a memory of a journey Minyintiri has made. The painting is therefore a reflection of the artist's years of travelling his country, and an expression of his ancestral relationship to the land.
Steve Burns
Steven Michael "Steve" Burns (born October 9, 1973) is an American entertainer. He was the original host of the children's television program Blue's Clues. He continues to act and is a musician.
In 2001 Burns was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for Blue's Clues.
Early career
Burns was born in Boyertown, Pennsylvania. He attended Boyertown Area Senior High School in Berks County and graduated from there in 1991.
Burns played in bands called Sudden Impact US, Nine Pound Truck, and the Ivys (which he has called a "Morrissey rip-off band") while in high school and college. He studied theatre under an acting scholarship at DeSales University in Center Valley, Pennsylvania in the Lehigh Valley. He dropped out of school and moved to New York City to then become a professional actor. He lived in a basement apartment near Times Square, finding his first success as a voice-over artist for ads and making appearances on Homicide: Life on the Street and Law & Order.
Blue's Clues
In 1995, Burns auditioned for Blue's Clues, thinking it was another voice-over role. He had long hair and an earring. "I was a bit of a skate rat," he said. Initially, the Nickelodeon executives were not supportive of Burns hosting their new show; in subsequent auditions the show's creators requested that he dress more conservatively. (Burns reported that the creators, in a call-back phone conversation, asked him, "Could you not look like yourself tomorrow morning?") It became apparent, however, that he was the favorite with preschool test audiences. Executive producer and co-creator Traci Paige Johnson reported that of the 100 people they auditioned, Burns was "the realest". As Dr. Alice Wilder, Nickelodeon's Director of Research and Development said, "[T]here was just something about this kid, who was fresh out of Pennsylvania, who just knew where to look in the camera to really talk to kids. He was just right."
Blue's Clues was an instant hit, due to Burns' performances as much as the show's format. He became "a superstar" among his audience and their parents, but unknown to everyone else, and enjoyed what he called being a "micro-celebrity, about as small a celebrity as you can be." As the New York Times reported, he "developed an avid following among both preteen girls and mothers. The former send torrents of e-mail; the latter scrutinize the show with an intensity that might make even Elmo, the red Muppet, blush." In 2000, People magazine included Burns in their annual list of America's most eligible bachelors. According to writer Diane Tracy, Burns was "destined for the part". Also according to Tracy, Burns was not the typical children's television host: "There is nothing syrupy about him—his humor is sometimes borderline offbeat, but never inappropriate for preschoolers."
Burns became "very involved" with the production of Blue's Clues from the beginning. One of the most challenging aspects of being the host of the show was performing in front of the "blue screen" before the animation was added. Burns called it "maddening" and likened it to "acting at the bottom of a swimming pool."
Departure
After nearly six years and nearly 100 episodes, Burns departed Blue's Clues in 2002.
According to Johnson, Burns never wanted to become a "children's host". He loved kids, but stated "he could not make a life-long career out of it". Burns went on by saying "I knew I wasn't going to be doing children's television all my life, mostly because I refused to lose my hair on a kid's TV show, and it was happening, fast". The day following the filming of his final episode for the show, he shaved his head. This was something he wanted to do for many years, but the show's producers would not allow it. On the FAQ section of his webpage, when asked why he shaved his head, and if he had been trying to make a statement, Burns replied, "Yes, the statement is, 'We have male pattern baldness.'"
Burns's departure caused a resurface of the rumors that had circulated about him since 1998. Burns replied, "The rumor mill surrounding me has always been really strange." Some of these "specious claims" included: death from a heroin overdose, being killed in a car accident, and, like what was rumored to have happened to Paul McCartney in 1966, him having been replaced with a look-alike. After Burns' departure, the Blue's Clues actor was then replaced by Donovan Patton as Steve's younger brother "Joe". Burns made an appearance on The Rosie O'Donnell Show to dispute these rumors, and he and co-creator Angela Santomero appeared on The Today Show to help concerned parents extinguish the fears of kids who may have heard these rumors.
In an interview with The Huffington Post in 2016, Burns addresses the rumors about his departure: "People think I left the show to pursue a music career. That didn’t happen at all. I left the show because it was just simply time to go. I was pretty much playing a boyish, older-brotherish kind of character on the show. I was getting older; I was losing my hair; a lot of the original people on the show, like the people who created it, were all moving on to other careers. It just felt like time. I just had a gut feeling like it was time to go." Burns still owns the original Thinking Chair, which his non-animated dog Mickey reportedly loves to sit on.
Music and film career
Burns worked on material for his first album, Songs for Dustmites, for two and a half years at a small studio in his home in Brooklyn before it was produced by PIAS Records in late 2002. He started work on the album after he left Blue's Clues in 2002, and it was later released in 2003. He posted eleven songs on his webpage, and then realizing he needed help with drums and arrangements went to Steven Drozd of The Flaming Lips for advice. Drozd assisted Burns with six tracks, Lips bassist Michael Ivins engineered the album, and longtime Lips producer David Fridmann produced it. One of the songs from the album, "Mighty Little Man," is used as the opening theme for the CBS series Young Sheldon.
Burns started a band, Steve Burns and the Struggle, and completed his second album, Deep Sea Recovery Efforts, which was released in 2009. Members of the Struggle include Drozd and Ryan Smith of A Million Billion.
In late 2016, Burns released a children's album with Drozd, titled Foreverywhere. They released a video of the album's first song, "The Unicorn and Princess Rainbow".
WaveBird Wireless Controller
The WaveBird Wireless Controller is a wireless game controller for the Nintendo GameCube video game console. It uses radio frequency signals to communicate with the controller. It is powered by standard AA batteries. It was released in 2002. Its name is a reference to Dolphin, which is what the GameCube was named during development.
The WaveBird controller has the same design as the normal GameCube controllers. It is a little bigger and heavier than the normal GameCube controllers. It has a dial for selecting the channel a person wants the controller on, an on/off switch, and an orange LED light which is used to show that the controller is turned on. The WaveBird does not have the rumble feature that the normal GameCube controller has, as that would make the battery last for a shorter amount of time.
Like the normal GameCube controller, the WaveBird can be used with the Wii. It can be used for GameCube and Virtual Console titles, as well as with some Wii games and WiiWare titles. The WaveBird became more popular after the Wii's release because of how it can control those games wirelessly.
La Saulsotte
La Saulsotte is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.
Antonio Toledo Corro
Antonio Toledo Corro (1 April 1919 – 6 July 2018) was a Mexican politician. He was a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). Toledo Corro was born in Escuinapa de Hidalgo. He served as mayor of Mazatlan from 1959 to 1962. He was Secretary of the Agrarian Reform of Mexico during the term of President José López Portillo, a personal friend, from 1978 to 1980. Toledo was Governor of Sinaloa from 1981 to 1986.
Turbocharger
A turbocharger, or turbo, is a gas compressor. It is used to force air into an internal combustion engine. A turbocharger is a form of forced induction. It increases the amount of air entering the engine to create more power. A turbocharger has the compressor powered by a turbine. The turbine is driven by the exhaust gas from the engine. It does not use a direct mechanical drive. This helps to improve the performance of the turbocharger.
Antonio Toledo Corro
Toledo Corro died in Mazatlan on 6 July 2018 from a cerebral infarction complicated by pneumonia at the age of 99.
Turbocharger
Names
Early builders of turbochargers called them as "turbosuperchargers". A supercharger is an air compressor used for forcing air into an engine. They thought that by adding a turbine to turn the supercharger, it would yield a "turbosupercharger". The term was soon shortened to "turbocharger". This can now create some confusion. The term "turbosupercharged" is sometimes used to refer to an engine that uses both a crankshaft-driven supercharger and an exhaust-driven turbocharger. This is also called twincharging.
Some companies such as Teledyne Continental Motors still use the term turbosupercharger to refer to their turbochargers.
Operation
An engine creates power by burning a mixture of air and fuel. The air and fuel are put into the cylinders to burn. When they burn, they push the piston down. The piston turns the crankshaft and creates power. For car engines, this is measured horsepower.
Naturally Aspirated (Normally Aspirated) engines
An engine that does not use a turbocharger or a supercharger is called a naturally aspirated or normally aspirated engine. Normally, when engine specifications are listed, a note is only made if the engine uses a turbocharger or supercharger. Most car engines are naturally aspirated. The power they can create is limited by the amount of air the pistons can pull into the cylinders.
Turbocharged engines
A turbocharger is a small fan pump that spins around a shaft. The pump is driven by the pressure of the exhaust gas. A turbocharger consists of a turbine and a compressor. They are both mounted on the same shaft. The turbine is a heat engine. It converts exhaust heat and pressure to rotation. This rotation is used to turn the compressor. The compressor takes in the draws in the outside air. It squeezes or compresses the air. It then sends the air to the engine. Because the air pressure has been increased, more air and fuel may be put into the cylinders. This is sometimes called boost pressure.With more fuel to burn, the engine can create more power. This increases the horsepower of the engine.
Engine damage
The engine can be damaged if the air pressure in the cylinders gets too high. If there is too much exhaust gas sent to the turbine, the compressor can create too much pressure. To stop this from happening, a wastegate is used. The wastegate will limit amount of exhaust gas sent to the turbine.
History
The turbocharger was invented by Swiss engineer Alfred Büchi. His patent was applied for use in 1905. Diesel ships and locomotives with turbochargers began appearing in the 1920s.
Aviation
During the First World War French engineer Auguste Rateau fitted turbochargers to Renault engines powering various French fighters with some success.
In 1918, General Electric engineer Sanford Moss attached a turbocharger to a Liberty aircraft engine. The engine was tested at Pikes Peak in Colorado at 14000 ft. The test was to show that the turbo could add the power airplanes lose at high altitude. Internal combustion engines lose power because at high altitude, the outside air pressure is low. Less air and fuel can be drawn into the engine.
Turbochargers were first used in production aircraft engines in the 1930s.
Production automobiles
The first turbocharged diesel truck was built by the "Swiss Machine Works Saurer" in 1938. The first production turbocharged automobile engines came from General Motors in 1962. The Oldsmobile Cutlass Jetfire was fitted with a Garrett AiResearch turbocharger and the Chevrolet Corvair Monza Spyder with a TRW turbocharger.
In 1974, at Paris Auto Show, Porsche displayed the 911Turbo. This was during the height of the oil crisis. The 911Turbo was the first production sports car with exhaust turbocharger and pressure regulator. The pressure regulator was the wastegate. The first production turbo diesel automobiles were the Mercedes 300SD with a Garrett turbocharger, and the Peugeot 604. Both were introduced in 1978. Today, most automotive diesels are turbocharged.
Racing cars
The first successful turbocharged racing engine appears to have been in 1952. Fred Agabashian in a diesel-powered Cummins Special qualified for the pole position at the Indianapolis 500. He led for 175 mi. Then the turbo was damaged by tire debris. Offenhauser's turbocharged engines first came to Indianapolis in 1966. Their first victory came in 1968 using a Garrett AiResearch turbocharger. Turbocharged cars dominated the 24 Hours of Le Mans between 1976 and 1988, and then from 2000-2007.
Formula One had a "Turbo Era" from until. Engines with a capacity of 1500 cc could produce as much as 1500 hp (1119 kW). In 1977, Renault was the first to use turbocharged engines F1. The performance made up for the high cost. Other engine manufacturers started building turbos. The turbocharged engines took over the F1 field. They ended the Ford Cosworth DFV era in the mid 1980s. the FIA decided that turbochargers were making the sport too dangerous and expensive. In 1987, the FIA decided to limit the maximum boost of the turbos. In 1989, turbochargers were banned completely.
World Rally Car racers have long preferred turbocharged engines. They offer a very high power-to-weight ratios. Turbo power started to rise to the levels of F1 cars. The FIA did not ban turbos. They restrict the turbo power by limiting the inlet diameter.
Parallel
Some engines use two turbochargers. They will both be the same size. They are normally smaller than used on single-turbos engines. They are often used on V-type engines, such as V6s and V8s. Each turbo is powered by a separate exhaust pipe from the engine. Because they are smaller, they reach their optimal boost more quickly. This setup of turbos is normally called a parallel twin-turbo system. The first production car with parallel twin turbochargers was the Maserati Biturbo of the early 1980s.
Sequential
Some car builders avoid turbo lag (below) by using two small turbos. The normal setup is to have one turbo working all the time. The seconds turbo will only start working at higher RPM. Because the turbos are smaller, they do not have as much turbo lag. The second turbo will be able get to full speed before it is required. This setup is normally called a sequential twin-turbo. Porsche first used this technology in 1985 in the Porsche 959.
Diesel
Turbocharging is very common on diesel engines in automobiles, trucks, locomotives, ships, and heavy machinery. Diesels are particularly suitable for turbochargers for several reasons:
Motorcycle
Using turbochargers to increase performance was very appealing to the Japanese builders in the 1980s. The first example of a turbocharged motorcycle is the 1978 Kawasaki Z1R TC. It used a Rayjay ATP turbo kit to build 0.35 bar (5 lb) of boost. This raised the power up from 90 hp to 105 hp. It was only slightly faster than the standard model. Several other motorcycles were built with turbos. Turbo applications for motorcycles increased their price. The small gains in performance were not worth the extra cost. Since the mid 1980s, no manufacturers have produced turbocharged motorcycles.
Temperature considerations
Compressing the air increases its temperature. This causes several problems. Increased temperatures can lead to engine knock because of increased cylinder head temperatures. Hot air cannot burn as much fuel as cold air. This will decrease the power produced.
Modern turbocharged aircraft usually do not need to cool the incoming air. Their turbochargers are generally small and the pressures created are not very high. Thus, the air temperature is not increased very much.
Comparison to supercharging
To run a supercharger, it needs to take away some power from the engine. The power it adds is more than the power it uses. A turbocharger uses the exhaust gases. This is heat energy that would be wasted.
Reliability
Turbochargers can be damaged by dirty or poor oil. Most manufacturers recommend more frequent oil changes for turbocharged engines. The turbocharger will heat when running. Many recommend letting the engine idle for several minutes before shutting the engine off. This gives the turbo time to cool down. This will increase the life of the turbo.
Turbo lag
The time required for the turbo to build up the needed pressure is called turbo lag. This is noticed as a hesitation in engine response. This is caused by the time taken for the exhaust system to speed up the turbine. The directly-driven compressor in a supercharger does not have this problem.
Lag can be reduced by using lighter parts. This allows the turbine to start faster. Other mechanical changes can reduce turbo lag, but at an increase in cost.