cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Particle physics
Application
Particle physics can help us learn about the early universe because conditions that are similar to the early universe (which was a much more energetic place than it is now) can be made in a small volume of space using the collisions of these particles. The biggest particle accelerator in the world is the Large Hadron Collider at CERN in Europe.
Cavalleria rusticana
Cavalleria rusticana is an Italian opera in one act. The music was written by Pietro Mascagni. The story and words (libretto) were written by Giovanni Targioni-Tozzetti and Guido Menasci. The opera was based on a play by Giovanni Verga.
The opera was first performed in Rome on May 17, 1890. The work marked the start of the verismo style in Italian opera. It is often paired with Ruggero Leoncavallo's opera Pagliacci to make a full evening. Both operas are just a little over one hour each.
Name: The name means 'rustic chivalry' or 'chivalry of (people in) the countryside'.
Ludovic Butelle
Ludovic Jean-Luc Butelle (born 3 April 1984) is a French football player. He plays for Lille.
Club career statistics
57||0 22||0 79||0
Greg Montgomery
Greg Montgomery (October 29, 1964 – August 23, 2020) was an American football punter. He played nine seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the Houston Oilers from 1988 to 1993, Detroit Lions in 1994 and the Baltimore Ravens from 1996 to 1997.
Posthumous name
A posthumous name is an honorary name given to someone after their death. This type of name was common with naming royalty in the countries of Japan and China. They were also sometimes used in Vietnam and Korea.
History
This idea was created during the Zhou Dynasty in China. The first person to be named in this way was Ji Chang, named by his son. His son, Ji Fa of Zhou, called his father the "Civil King". This meant that he found his father to be good and sympathetic to the people he ruled.
Greg Montgomery
He was drafted out of Michigan State University by the Houston Oilers in 1988. He retired in 1997. He was on the All-Time team for Michigan State University.
Posthumous name
History
These sort of names were not used during the Qin Dynasty. During that time, these names were not thought to show respect. Posthumous names were used again during the Han Dynasty.
Greg Montgomery
He was diagnosed with bipolar disorder in 1997.
Dreadnought
A dreadnought is a navy battleship. A battleship is a large ship used in ocean battles between countries. The first dreadnoughts were made in the early 20th century. They were named after The HMS Dreadnought, of the Royal Navy, the first ship of this type.
The first dreadnought was launched in 1906 by the United Kingdom, and was a new design of battleship. These ships had bigger guns; they also had guns that could shoot longer distances. Heavy steel layers were built on to the dreadnoughts as protection, which made them very strong and hard to sink. They were also much faster than older battleships. World War 1 was the first war in which dreadnoughts were used. After the war, a treaty was signed in Washington DC to limit the construction of battleships. This treaty helped stop the manufacturing of dreadnoughts. Japan, the UK, France, Italy and the United States signed this treaty.
Posthumous name
Chinese emperors
Chinese posthumous names, for rulers, end in one or both symbols for "emperor", Huángdì. This can be shortened to Dì.
These names were sometimes very long. They can be good names or bad. Good names are called respectful names (or zūn hào in Chinese). Some of these names are:
Japanese emperors
The posthumous names of Japanese emperors are called teigō. Some names are given a long time after their death. Others are given right after the emperor had died.
K. Alex Müller
Karl Alexander Müller (20 April 1927 – 9 January 2023) was a Swiss physicist. He received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1987 with Georg Bednorz for their work in superconductivity in ceramic materials. They reported their discovery in the June 1986 issue of Zeitschrift für Physik B.
Posthumous name
Japanese emperors
Some of these names tell about the place they were born or lived in, or traits they had that their people admired.
Some also put together two previous emperors' or empresses' names, like Empress Meishō. The empresses before her were called Gemmei and Genshō. So her name became Meishō.
K. Alex Müller
Müller joined the Battelle Memorial Institute in Geneva, soon becoming the manager of a magnetic resonance group. During this time, he became a lecturer at the University of Zürich. He died on 9 January 2023 in Zürich, at the age of 95.
Hinrich Lehmann-Grube
Hinrich Lehmann-Grube (21 December 1932 – 6 August 2017) was a German politician. He served as Mayor of Leipzig from 1990 through 1998. He was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany. He was born in Königsberg (present day Kaliningrad, Russia).
Lehmann-Grube died in Leipzig of cancer on 6 August 2017 at the age of 84.
Rick Rescorla
Cyril Richard Rescorla (May 27, 1939 – September 11, 2001) was a United States Army officer and private security officer of British origin. He was a commissioned officer in the Vietnam War, where he was a second lieutenant in the United States Army.
Clash of the Titans: The Video Game
Clash of the Titans: The Video Game or simply known as Clash of the Titans is a action-adventure video game developed by Game Rerpublic and developed by Namco Bandai Games for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 and Glu Games for BlackBerry. Based on film of the same name, which is used an hack and slash combat. Some on the fights end with quick time sequence. Player can collected some points, to upgrade their weapons. In some sections, the player can able to used their weapons removed, and has to fight by hands. Player can able perform both light and heavy attacks, and also can hold buttons to release special attacks.
Rick Rescorla
As the director of security for the financial services firm Morgan Stanley at the World Trade Center, Rescorla knew of a future attack on the towers following the 1993 bombings and created evacuation procedures which many believed he helped saved many lives. He died during the attacks of September 11, 2001, while leading evacuees from the South Tower.
Pamela Glossop
Pamela Glossop is an retired field hockey player from Australia. Glossop competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics. She was born on 22 September 1954.
Toni Turek
Toni Turek is a former football player. He has played for West Germany national team. In 1954 he became world champion. He is called "Fußballgott" ("football god").
Club career statistics
224||0 224||0
International career statistics
!Total||20||0
Patsy Kensit
Patricia Jude Francis Kensit (born 4 March 1968) is a British actress, model, and singer. She was born in Hounslow, London to an Irish mother and English father.
Kensit's movie roles include Absolute Beginners, Lethal Weapon 2 and Twenty-One. She acted in soap opera Emmerdale from 2004–2006 and in medical drama Holby City from 2007–2010.
Kensit was a contestant in the 2010 series of Strictly Come Dancing. She is a housemate in the January 2015 series of Celebrity Big Brother (UK).
Kensit is a Roman Catholic. She has been married to four musicians: Dan Donovan (1988–1991), Jim Kerr (1992–1996), Liam Gallagher (1997–2000) and Jeremy Healy (2009–2010). The first three marriages ended in divorce. She is separated from her fourth husband. She has two sons - one by Kerr and one by Gallagher.
Dubbo
Dubbo is a large town in the central west area of New South Wales, Australia. Dubbo has a campus of the Charles Sturt University. A major tourist attraction in Dubbo is the Taronga Western Plains Zoo.
Teresa Scanlan
Teresa Michelle Scanlan (born February 6, 1993) is a beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned as Miss America 2011. Before that, she was Miss Nebraska 2010. She became the youngest Miss America since Bette Cooper in 1937. She advocates for eating conditions, including bulimia. She was originally from California, but is now from Nebraska.
Fred Armisen
Fereydun Robert Armisen (born December 4, 1966) is an American actor, comedian, musician, producer and writer. He is best known as a cast member on Saturday Night Live from 2002 until 2013.
He is also known for his movie roles in EuroTrip, Anchorman, and Cop Out. Armisen is also known for his works in IFC sketch comedy series Portlandia.
For his work on Portlandia, Armisen was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Variety Series in 2012, 2013 and 2014 and for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series in 2014.
He has also won two Peabody Awards, one in 2008 as part of the Saturday Night Live political satire cast and one in 2011 for Portlandia.
James Jesus Angleton
James Jesus Angleton (December 9, 1917 – May 12, 1987) was chief of CIA counterintelligence from 1954 to 1975. His official title was Associate Deputy Director of Operations for Counterintelligence (ADDOCI). He started towards the end of World War II, and worked in Italy for the OSS (Office of Strategic Services) after the war. Returning to Washington DC, he became one of the founding members of the CIA in 1949.
The peak of his career was in detecting "moles", that is, foreign spies in American and western secret services. The 1970s Church Committee of the US Senate established that Angleton was in charge of the domestic spying activities of the CIA under 'Operation CHAOS'.
Eventually he was fired when he accused several western prime ministers of aiding the Soviet Union, and the anti-war and civil rights movements of the 1960s and 1970s as having foreign funding.
Agildo Ribeiro
Agildo Ribiero (April 24, 1932 – April 28, 2018) was a Brazilian actor. He was born in Rio de Janeiro. He was known for his role in the 1959 movie Three Loves in Rio.
Mikey Day
Michael William Day (born March 20, 1980) is an American actor, comedian and writer. He was born in Orange, California. He is a current cast member on Saturday Night Live (SNL).
Day began his career with the Groundlings, a Los Angeles-based improvisational theater group. Day was an original cast member on the Nick Cannon's improvisational comedy series Wild 'n Out on MTV. He is also the host of Is It Cake?.
Non-volatile random-access memory
Non-volatile random-access memory (NVRAM) is a type of computer memory. It is permanent storage similar to a hard drive. The startup configuration is stored in NVRAM. The best known form of NVRAM today is the flash drive.
Deaths in 2017
The following is a list of notable deaths in 2017. For notable deaths for a selective month during the year, please see "Months". Per month, names under each date are reported in alphabetical order by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are reported here also if notable.
Buchi Emecheta
Buchi Emecheta OBE (21 July 1944, in Yaba, Lagos – 25 January 2017 in London) was a Nigerian writer. Her first novel, In the Ditch, was published in 1972. Her second novel was published in 1974. The novel is set in London, where Emecheta lived when she wrote it. Emecheta's most well known novel is The Joys of Motherhood.
Personal life
Emecheta married Sylvester Onwordi when she was sixteen. She had two children. In 1962 she moved with her husband to London. There she had three more children.
Emecheta died in her sleep at her home in London on 25 January 2017 from complications of a stroke, aged 72.
International Olympiad in Informatics
The International Olympiad in Informatics (IOI) is one of the International Science Olympiads. Its primary goal is to stimulate interest in informatics (computing science) and information technology. Another important goal is to bring together exceptionally talented pupils from various countries and to have them share scientific and cultural experiences. Several International Olympiads in Informatics have been organized so far, hosted by a number of different countries.
The Rogue Crew
The Rogue Crew is a children's fantasy book, written by Brian Jacques in 2011. It is the 22nd book in the Redwall series. It is the last book in the series too, because Jacques died in 2011.
Plot
An evil animal called a Wearat is coming to take over Redwall Abbey. The hares of the Long Patrol army and the sea otters called the Rogue Crew have to fight this horrible creature and save the land of Mossflower.
Bijan
Bijan (also Bizhan or Bejan; Persian : بیژن‎) is a Persian given name meaning "Hero". This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).
Antiwar.com
Antiwar.com is an English language website containing news and opinions related to anti-wars. The site was founded in December of 1995, as a response to the Bosnian War.
Justin Raimondo is a founder and editorial director.
2013 FA Cup Final
The 2013 FA Cup Final was the 132nd final of the FA Cup, the world's oldest football cup competition. The final took place on the 11 May 2013 at Wembley Stadium. Premier League clubs Manchester City and Wigan Athletic took part in the 2013 final, with Wigan Athletic defeating Manchester City 1–0 after an injury time goal from Ben Watson.
King Bach
Andrew B. Bachelor (born June 26, 1988), better known as King Bach, is a Canadian-American internet personality, actor, and comedian. He was the most followed user on the video sharing service Vine with 11.3 million followers.
André Roussin
André Roussin (22 January 1911 – 3 November 1987) was a French playwright. He was born in Marseille, France. He was elected to the Académie française in 1973. His plays were made into movies such as The Little Hut and The Ostrich Has Two Eggs.
Leandro Grimi
Leandro Grimi (born 9 February 1985) is an Argentine football player. He plays for Sporting Portugal.
Leo De Lyon
Irving Levin (April 27, 1926 - September 18, 2021), known professionally by his stage name Leo De Lyon, was an American actor who was best known for his role as Spook and Brain in the prime time animated series Top Cat (1961-1962).
Leandro Grimi
Club career statistics
74||11 16||0 22||0 112||11
Strawberry Fields Forever
"Strawberry Fields Forever" is a song composed by John Lennon, recorded by his band The Beatles in 1966 at Abbey Road Studios, and issued by Parlophone Records and Capitol Records in February 1967, as the to "Penny Lane".
Writing
Lennon began work on "Strawberry Fields Forever" while he was in Almería, Spain, during the time he was appearing in a Dick Lester comedy movie, How I Won the War, which starred Michael Crawford. The lyrics drew on Lennon's memories of Strawberry Field, a Salvation Army home in Liverpool, England, where Lennon went as a boy to with neighborhood friends. "We always had fun at Strawberry Fields", he later told Playboy Magazine. They also drew on his feelings of and being different. "No one I think is in my tree, I mean it must be high or low" he explained as not being able to find other people who looked at life the way he did.
Recording
One recorded version of the song used a slide guitar. Another used a Mellotron, and was considered a finished work. Lennon wanted to try another arrangement, though, and asked Martin to compose a score for brass instruments, for another session. This was also considered finished.
Lennon could not decide which of the two finished versions of the song was best. He liked how the first one began, but preferred the ending of the second, and asked George Martin if they could be edited together. Martin did not see an easy way to do that, because the key and tempo of each version was different.
It turned out that studio technology made it possible to join the two versions in an effective way. The first version was speeded up on tape, raising its pitch and tempo, and the second slowed down, lowering its pitch and tempo. With edits between verses, Martin changed from one version to the other. Most listeners never noticed the change, or knew about the edit.
Music video
To go with the recording, the Beatles filmed a "promo"; an early kind of music video, in January 1967. The band had begun to grow mustaches, and Lennon began to wear eyeglasses in public, which he rarely did before. The changes made the Beatles look very different from how the public saw them earlier. The kind of glasses Lennon wore (sometimes called ""), were issued in England by the and the military, and he wore them making How I Won the War. Lennon disliked the style as a boy, but now made it a by  it.
Release and public reactions
The Beatles planned to issue "Strawberry Fields Forever" and "Penny Lane" as part of their next album, but EMI asked for a single at the beginning of 1967. The two songs were issued as a single, with "Penny Lane" as the A-side. While "Penny Lane" only reached Number Two in the British record sales chart, it reached Number One in the United States chart. (It was displaced after one week at Number One, by The Turtles, with "Happy Together".) "Strawberry Fields Forever" charted at Number Eight in the US.
In the years after Lennon's death, his cowriter and fellow Beatle Paul McCartney sometimes performed "Strawberry Fields Forever" during concerts. A section of Central Park in New York City, where Lennon lived after the Beatles disbanded, was named "Strawberry Fields" in Lennon's honour.
Chromo, Colorado
Chromo is an unincorporated town and U.S. Post Office in Archuleta County, Colorado, United States. The Chromo Post Office has the ZIP Code 81128.
Terry Sweeney
Terrance "Terry" Sweeney (born March 23, 1950) is an American writer, comedian and actor. He was a writer and cast member of Saturday Night Live in the 1980s. He co-wrote the 1989 movie Shag, and has written for the television series MADtv, Hype, and Tripping the Rift.
Chromo, Colorado
Geography
Chromo is located at 37.03694°N, -106.84333°W (37.036818,-106.843243).
Terry Sweeney
Sweeney is openly gay.
Field (mathematics)
In mathematics, a field is a certain kind of algebraic structure. In a field, one can add (x+y), subtract (x-y), multiply (x\cdot y) and divide (x/y) two numbers (with division only possible if y is non-zero). A field is a special ring in which division is possible. Both the set of rational numbers and the set of real numbers are examples of fields. One can also use the symbol \mathbb{F} as a variable for a field.
Rules
A field is a ring (so it follows the rules above), with these extra rules:
Another way of describing a field is this:
Examples of fields
Examples of fields include: In fact, among the subsets of complex numbers, the largest field is \mathbb{C} and the smallest field is \mathbb{Q}. The set of integers, \mathbb{Z}, is not a field, because the result of a division is not always an integer.
Pete Seeger
Pete Seeger (Peter Seeger; May 3, 1919 – January 27, 2014) was an American folk musician and songwriter. He was a longtime friend of Woody Guthrie, and founder of The Almanac Singers and The Weavers, two famous folk bands. Seeger's usual musical instrument is a banjo.
Early life
Seeger was born Peter Seeger on May 3, 1919 in Manhattan, New York City. His parents were Protestants. His parents enrolled him at Avon Old Farms Boarding School in Avon, Connecticut. Seeger studied for a short while at Harvard University. He soon dropped out. In 1943, Seeger married his wife Toshi Aline.
Early career
He organized or played at many benefit concerts, to help people who had been hurt by bad business practices or governmental policies, or sometimes by disasters. He also wrote songs to promote the things he believed in, and to protest things he opposed.
Seeger was a leftist, not afraid to speak his views openly, or to support unpopular causes such as Communism. Seeger's musical career was sometimes limited by his views. The American Federal Bureau of Investigation kept a dossier on Seeger, and the House Un-American Activities Committee put pressure on him, because of his beliefs. He refused to change his views, or to stop doing what he believed was right. Because of this, Seeger was blacklisted in many places, and could not play music there. He was also not allowed to appear on television for most of the 1950s and 1960s.
One rare appearance, on the Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour, was censored because the song he played, "Waist Deep In The Big Muddy", was an allegory against the Vietnam War, which most Americans supported at the time.
Music
Seeger's original songs include "Where Have All The Flowers Gone?", "The Hammer Song" (also called "If I Had A Hammer"), and "Turn, Turn, Turn", whose words were adapted from Ecclesiastes in the Bible. Other musicians played and recorded his songs, including Judy Collins, Peter, Paul and Mary, and The Byrds. Seeger started Broadside, a magazine devoted to folk music, and also Sing Out! to promote music and singing by the public.
Later career
As years went by, social trends changed in America, and Seeger's views became more acceptable. He was finally able to make television appearances, and was admired for his dedication to folk music, and to causes. He played music together with Arlo Guthrie, the son of Woody Guthrie, performing Woody's old songs and others. He received awards for his music, including the American National Medal for the Arts, and a Kennedy Center Honor. He was also inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame, and even the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, as an influence to rock musicians.
Personal life
Seeger and Toshi had four children. He was an active as a musician and as a spokesperson for important matters, like the environment, alternative fuels, and people who need a champion to support them. His wife Toshi Seeger died on July 9, 2013. Seeger lived in New York City.
Cytokinin
Cytokinins are hormones in plants that are found both naturally and synthetically. They are used to make the process of cell mitosis quicken, and thus to make the plant grow faster.
Lethal Weapon
Lethal Weapon is a 1987 American buddy cop action movie. It was directed by Richard Donner and produced by him and Joel Silver. It was written by Shane Black. It stars Mel Gibson and Danny Glover as LAPD sergeants. Gibson plays narcotics sergeant Martin Riggs and Glover plays homicide sergeant Roger Murtaugh. They are very different from each other. However, they have to work together to stop a gang of heroin smugglers, including characters played by Gary Busey and Mitchell Ryan.
It is the first in a series of four movies.
Tom Smothers
Tom Smothers (born Thomas Bolyn Smothers III on February 2, 1937) is an American comedian, composer and musician, best known as half of the musical comedy team The Smothers Brothers, alongside his younger brother Dick.
Smothers was born on February 2, 1937 in New York City, New York. He studied at Redondo Union High School and at San José State University. He was married two times. His current marriage is to Marcy Carriker. He has two children with Carriker and one from his last marriage. He now lives in Sonoma County, California.
Leanne Pittsford
Leanne Pittsford is an American entrepreneur. She started the professional network Lesbians Who Tech.
Life
Pittsford received a master's degree in education, equity and social justice from San Francisco State University and a bachelor's degree in political science from California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo.
Work
Leanne Pittsford started her career with the organization Equality California. She wanted to repeal Proposition 8, a law in California against marriage for same sex couples. She saw there were not enough networking opportunities for lesbian women. There were not any lesbian mentors to give help and advice to new people.
Arthur, Prince of Wales
Arthur Tudor (19 or 20 September 1486 - 2 April 1502) was the oldest son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York.
Monseñor Nouel Province
Monseñor Nouel is a province of the Dominican Republic. It is in the central part of the country. Its capital city is Bonao.
The province was created in 1982. It was a municipality of the La Vega province before being elevated to the category of province.
Name
The province was named after Archbishop Adolfo Alejandro Nouel, who was President of the Dominican Republic in 1912-1913.
History
The valley where is the province was named by the Spanish conquistadors as Sabana de Bonao ("Bonao Savanna"; Bonao was the Taíno name of the region.
Bartholomew Columbus, younger brother of Christopher Columbus, founded here a fort in 1495-1497 and Bonao became one of the most important city of the Hispaniola island during the first years of the Spanish colony.
Later, the city was abandoned and was founded again during the Haitian occupation with the name of "Paraje del Yuna". In 1859, it became a military post in the municipality of La Vega. In 1936, it became a municipality of La Vega province under the name of Monseñor Nouel.
The province was created in 1982 with the municipality of Monseñor Nouel and the municipal districts of Piedra Blanca and Maimón. In 2005, the name of the municipality of Monseñor Nouel was changed to Bonao even if the name had been changed since 1960.
In Rainbows
In Rainbows is the seventh album by the band Radiohead. It was released on 10 October 2007. It was released by the band as a download, and people were able to choose how much they wanted to pay for it. Later, it was released in physical forms (such as vinyl and CD).
Monseñor Nouel Province
History
In 1982, Maimón became a municipality and in 1991 Piedra Blanca became the third municipality of the province. Villa Sonador became a municipal district in 1999, Sabana del Puerto in 2000, Juan Adrián in 2001, Juma Bejucal in 2004, and Arroyo Toro-Masipedro and Jayaco in 2006.
In Rainbows
Track listing
All songs written by Radiohead.
Camden, New Jersey
Camden is a city in Camden County, New Jersey, United States. It is a suburb of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Camden is directly across the Delaware River from Philadelphia. The city of Camden was officially incorporated in 1828. Its population has gone up and down since the 1940s, and even more so since the 1950s.
Arthur, Prince of Wales
As the oldest son, Arthur was to be King of England after the death of his father. In 1501, he married Catherine of Aragon, a princess from Spain. He died a few months later. His younger brother, Henry, became heir to the throne. After Henry became king in 1509, he married Arthur's widow, Catherine.
Monseñor Nouel Province
Population
In (last national census), there were 0 people living in the Monseñor Nouel province, and 112,305 (NaN%) living in towns and cities. The population density was persons/km².
Arthur, Prince of Wales
The seat prepared for Prince Arthur can be seen in StMarys Priory Church Abergavenny The Tudor rose, Prince of Wales feathers can be seen under The Royal stall with ornamented canopy , dating from 1501.The stall for Catherine can be viewed opposite
Leanne Pittsford
Work
In 2012, Pittsford started Lesbians in Tech. In 2015 she got Edie Windsor, a former manager from IBM, to speak to the organization, and started a scholarship in her name. Lesbians in Tech is now an international organization with 20 chapters from Berlin to Vermont. It has 10,000 members. In two years, they had over 200 events in 22 cities. Every year they have summits in New York, San Francisco, and Berlin. In 2015 they had their first summit in Tel Aviv.
Monseñor Nouel Province
Population
The largest city of the province is Bonao, its head municipality or capital, with a population (in ) of 76,241 inhabitants.
Geography
The Monseñor Nouel province has a total area of 992.0 km2. It has 2% of the area of the Dominican Republic and it is ranked as the 24th (out of 31 plus the National District) largest province.
The altitude of Bonao, provincial capital, is 176 m above sea level.
Farah River
The Farah River (Persian Farāh Rud) is a river in western Afghanistan. The river originates in the Band-e Bayan Range and flows for 560 km to the Helmand swamps on the Afghanistan-Iran border. The town of Farah is located on the river.
Monseñor Nouel Province
Geography
The province is mainly in a valley surrounded by mountains: the Cordillera Central ("Central mountain range" by the north, west and south, and by the Sierra de Yamasá ("Yamasá mountain range"), a branch of the Cordillera Central, by the east.
Russell Square tube station
Russell Square is a London Underground station facing Russell Square on Bernard Street, Bloomsbury, in the London Borough of Camden. The station is on the Piccadilly line, between Holborn and King's Cross St Pancras on tube maps.
Monseñor Nouel Province
Geography
The most important river is the Yuna, one of the largest of the Dominican Republic and of the Hispaniola island.
Russell Square tube station
Russell Square Station is very close to the British Museum, the University of London's main building, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Russell Square Gardens and the Brunswick Centre.
Monseñor Nouel Province
Climate
The climate of the province is a tropical climate, hot most of the year.
Leanne Pittsford
Work
In 2015, U.S. President Obama had an LGBT Pride reception at the White House for prominent member of the LGBT tech community. The event was attended by former Google executive and U.S. chief technology officer Megan Smith, Lesbians Who Tech founder Leanne Pittsford, and others.
Russell Square tube station
The station was designed by Leslie Green and is of the modern style.
Derek Keys
Derek Lyle Keys (30 August 1931 – 29 April 2018) was a South African politician. He served as Minister of Finance from 1992 to September 1994, in the cabinets of F. W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela.
Russell Square tube station
2005 London bombings
A memorial to the victims, similar to the one at King's Cross St Pancras tube station, is located at the station.
In movies
The station was used as the place for the horror movie Death Line, which had actors like Donald Pleasence, Christopher Lee and Clive Swift in.
Derek Keys
Keys died on 29 April 2018 at the age of 86.
Monseñor Nouel Province
Municipalities
There are three municipalities and seven municipal districts (M.D.) in the province.
Theodor Schwann
Theodor Schwann (7 December 1810 – 11 January 1882) was a German scientist who isolated and named the enzyme pepsin. He also played a key role in promoting the idea of the cell as the foundation of living organisms. His work on the cell has recently been re-assessed, because the idea had been discussed before him.
Monseñor Nouel Province
Economy
The main economic activities in the province are farming and mining (mainly surface mining of nickel).
It is a province with an important production of rice. Cattle raising is also important, mainly for milk.
Theodor Schwann
Cell history
Cells were discovered by Robert Hooke (1635–1703). He used a compound microscope with two lenses to look at the structure of cork, and to look at leaves and some insects. He did this from about 1660, and reported it in his book Micrographica in 1665.
Many other naturalists and philosophers tried out the new instrument. The structure of plants was investigated by Nehemiah Grew (1641–1712) and Marcello Malpighi (1628–1694). Grew's major work was The anatomy of plants (1682). It is not clear who first saw animal cells, Malpighi, Jan Swammerdam (1637–1680) or Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723). p17
The work of the Czech Jan Purkyně (1787–1869) and his student and collaborator Gabriel Valentin (1810–1883) was "unjustly denigrated by the nationalistic Germans. They have a claim to some priority in the cell theory". Chapter 9
Johannes Müller (1801–1858) also made great contributions. It was, however, his student Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden (1804–1881) who got the credit for the cell theory, despite the fact that some of their observations were not correct, and their credits to previous workers were "a travesty". p97 As understood now, the cell theory includes these important ideas:
The key works of Schwann and Schleiden were published in 1838 and 1839. These ideas still are the basic ideas of cell theory.
Electoral division of Montgomery
Montgomery is an electoral division of the Tasmanian Legislative Council. It was created in 1999.
Minden, Louisiana
Minden is the parish seat of Webster Parish in the state of Louisiana, United States.
Media
AM
FM
João Havelange
Jean-Marie Faustin Goedefroid "João" de Havelange (May 8, 1916 – 16 August 2016) was a Brazilian association football administrator. He was the 7th President of FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). He was elected to the position in 1974. He resigned in 1998, after 24 years in charge.
He was elected as an honorary president of FIFA in 1998 after he left office. He resigned in 2013 due to "health and personal reasons".
Havelange was a swimmer at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. He was also part of the team that tied for 13th in water polo at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki.
2012–13 North American drought
The 2012–13 North American drought was caused by less than normal snowfall the previous winter. Also, La Niña-related heat waves were taking place in the Midwestern and Western United States. This was in association with drought conditions in these areas. The drought was an extension of the 2010-13 Southern United States drought.
The drought was worse than the 1988–89 North American drought. The 2012-13 drought covered more areas in the United States and Canada than the 1988-89 drought. In July 2012, the drought covered more than 81% in area. It was comparable to the droughts of the 1930s and 1950s.
Drought continued in parts of North America through 2013. Beginning in March 2013, rainfall lessened drought in the Midwest, the southern Mississippi Valley and the Great Plains.
Atomic theory
In chemistry and physics, the atomic theory explains how our understanding of the atom has changed over time. Atoms were once thought to be the smallest pieces of matter. However, it is now known that atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons. These subatomic particles are made of quarks. The first idea of the atom came from the Greek philosopher Democritus. A lot of the ideas in the modern theory came from John Dalton, a British chemist and physicist.
The theory applies to solids, liquids and gases. It does not apply in the same way to plasmas or neutron stars.
Night of the Auk
Night of the Auk is a 1956 Broadway drama in three acts written by Arch Oboler. It is a science fiction drama about space travelers returning to Earth after the first Moon landing. The play was based on Oboler's radio play Rocket from Manhattan. Night of the Auk was published as a book in 1958.
Atomic theory
Democritus' atomic theory
Democritus thought that if you cut something in half again and again, you would at last have to stop. He said that this last piece of matter could not be cut any smaller. Democritus called these small pieces of matter atoms, which means "indivisible". He thought that atoms would last forever, never change and could not be destroyed. Democritus thought that there was nothing between the atoms and that everything around us could be explained if we could understand how atoms worked.
Some other philosophers agreed, and others disagreed. They had no way to experiment to show whether his theory was true or not.
Dalton's atomic theory
In 1803, the English scientist John Dalton reworked Democritus' theory, as follows:
Together, these were good evidence that atoms existed.
Thomson's atomic model
In 1850, Sir William Crookes constructed a 'discharge tube', that is a glass tube with the air removed and metallic electrodes at its ends, connected to a high-voltage source. When creating a vacuum in the tube, a light discharge can be seen that goes from the cathode (negatively-charged electrode) to the anode (positively-charged electrode). Crookes named the emission 'cathode rays'.
After the cathode ray experiments, Sir Joseph John Thomson established that the emitted ray was formed by negative charges, because they were attracted by the positive pole. Thomson knew that the atoms were electrically neutral. He established that, for this to occur, an atom should have the same quantity of negative and positive charges. The negative charges were named electrons (e-).
According to the assumptions established about the atom's neutral charge, Thomson proposed the first atomic model. It was described as a positively-charged sphere in which the electrons were inlaid (with negative charges). It is known as the plum pudding model.
In the same time, experiments by Eugene Goldstein in 1886 with cathode discharge tubes allowed him to establish that the positive charges had a mass of 1.6726 * 10−27 kg and an electrical charge of +1,6 * 10 −19 C. Lord Ernest Rutherford later named these positively charged particles protons
Rutherford's atomic model
In 1910, the New Zealand physicist Ernest Rutherford put forward the idea that the positive charges of the atom were found mostly in its center, in the nucleus, and the electrons (e-) moved around it.
Rutherford showed this when he used an alpha radiation source (from helium) to hit the very thin gold sheets, surrounded by a Zinc sulphide lampshade that produced visible light when hit by alpha emissions. This experiment was called the Geiger–Marsden experiment or the Gold Foil Experiment.
By this stage the main parts of the atom were clear. It was known that atoms of an element may occur in isotopes. Isotopes vary in the number of neutrons present in the nucleus. Although this model was well understood, modern physics has developed further. Present-day ideas cannot be made easy to understand. Some idea of present-day atomic physics can be found in the links in the table below.
Modern physics
Atoms are <u/l>not</u/l> elementary particles, because they are made of subatomic particles like protons and neutrons. Protons and neutrons are also not elementary particles. They are made of even smaller particles called quarks joined together by other particles called gluons (because they "glue" the quarks together in the atom). Quarks are elementary because quarks cannot be broken down any further.
Dick Smothers
Richard Remick "Dick" Smothers (born November 20, 1939) is an American actor, comedian, composer and musician. He is best known for being half of the musical comedy team the Smothers Brothers, with his older brother Tom.
Smothers was born on November 20, 1939 in New York City, New York. He studied at Verdugo Hills High School, later at the Redondo Union High, and at the San José State University.
He was married to Linda Smothers from 1960 until they divorced in 1969. Then he was married to Lorraine Martin from 1986 until they divorced a few months later. Then he was married to Denby Franklin from 1997 until they divorced in 2006. He had six children. He now lives in Sarasota, Florida.
Emmabuntüs
The name Emmabuntüs is a portmanteau of Emmaüs and Ubuntu.
Central processing unit
A central processing unit (CPU) is an important part of every computer. The CPU sends signals to control the other parts of the computer, almost like how a brain controls a body.
Emmabuntüs
Features
Emmabuntüs can be installed, in its entirety, without an Internet connection as all of the required packages are included within the disk image. The disk image includes packages for multiple languages and also optional non-free codecs that the user can choose whether to install or not.
Central processing unit
The CPU is an electronic machine that works on a list of computer things to do, called instructions. It reads the list of instructions and runs (executes) each one in order. A list of instructions that a CPU can run is a computer program.
The clock rate, or speed of a CPU's internal parts, is measured in hertz (Hz). Modern processors often run so fast that gigahertz (GHz) is used instead. One GHz is 1,000,000,000 cycles per second.
Emmabuntüs
Features
Emmabuntüs was developed to function correctly on 10 years old computers, which were previously running Windows XP or more up-to-date Windows versions, and equipped with a minimum of 1 Gigabyte of RAM for the 32 bits versions. This allows associations like YovoTogo & JUMP Lab'Orione to recycle computers in order to equip high schools in Togo, or the Emmabuntüs collective to equip kindergarten and elementary schools in the Paris area.
Central processing unit
Most CPUs used in desktop (home) computers are microprocessor s made by either Intel or Advanced Micro Devices (usually shortened to AMD). Some other companies that make CPUs are ARM (recently bought by Nvidia ), and IBM. Most of their CPUs are used in embedded systems for more specialized things, like in mobile phones, cars, video game consoles, or in the military.
Emmabuntüs
Desktop environment
The desktop environment are Xfce and LXQt with Cairo-Dock.
Central processing unit
Types of CPUs
In the 20th century engineers invented many different computer architectures. Nowadays most desktop computers use either 32-bit CPUs or 64-bit CPUs. The instructions in a 32-bit CPU are good at handling data that is 32 bits in size (most instructions "think" in 32 bits in a 32-bit CPU). Likewise, a 64-bit CPU is good at handling data that is 64 bits in size (and often good at handling 32-bit data too). The size of data that a CPU handles best is often called the word size of the CPU. Many old CPUs from the 70s, 80s and early 90s (and many modern embedded system s) have an 8-bit or 16-bit word size. When CPUs were invented in the middle 20th century they had many different word sizes. Some had different word sizes for instructions and data. The less popular word sizes later stopped being used.
Most CPUs are microprocessors. This means that the CPU is just a single chip. Some chips with microprocessors inside them also contain other components, and are complete single-chip "computers". This is called a microcontroller.
Registers
When the CPU runs a computer program, it needs somewhere to store the data that the instructions operate on (the data that they read and write). This storage is called a register. A CPU usually has many registers. Registers must be very fast to access (to read and write). Therefore, they are part of the CPU chip itself.
Memory
Storing all data in registers would make most CPUs too complicated (and very expensive). Therefore, registers usually only store the data that the CPU is working on "right now". The rest of the data used by the program is stored in RAM (Random Access Memory). Except in microcontrollers, RAM is usually stored outside the CPU in separate chips.
Reichsbürger movement
There are several groups of people who think that the modern German state is not legitimate. These movements are generally known as the Reichsbürger (English: Reich citizen) movement. A single person with such views is called a Reichsbürger. They argue that the the modern German state is not legitimate and its laws do not apply to them. Very often, these groups are very small. They often have several properties of a religious cult or sect. The ideas these groups propagate are often against democracy, and instead want a monarchy or another state with a strong leader. Very often, they also think that the history they were taught in school did not happen that way. From their ideas, these groups are usually far-right on the political spectrum. Their views are often anti-Semitic (anti-Jewish) and some are Holocaust deniers.
Central processing unit
Memory
Because the size of addresses is limited, the maximum amount of memory is also limited. 32-bit processors can usually only handle up to 4 GB of RAM. This is the number of different bytes that can be selected using a 32-bit address (each bit can have two values—0 and 1—and 232 bytes is 4 GB). A 64-bit processor might be able to handle up to 16 EB of RAM (16 exabytes, around 16 billion GB, or 16 billion billion bytes). The operating system may limit it to using smaller amounts.
The information that is stored in RAM is usually volatile. This means that it will disappear if the computer is turned off.
Memory management units (MMUs) and virtual memory
Modern CPUs often use a memory management unit (MMU). An MMU is a component that translates addresses from the CPU to (usually) different RAM addresses. When using an MMU, the addresses used in a program are (usually) not the "real" addresses where the data is stored. This is called virtual (the opposite of "real") memory. A few of the reasons why it is good to have an MMU are listed here:
Cache
On modern computers, RAM is much slower than registers, so accessing RAM slows down programs. To speed up memory accesses, a faster type of memory called a cache is often put between the RAM and the main parts of the CPU. The cache is usually a part of the CPU chip itself, and is much more expensive per byte than RAM. The cache stores the same data as RAM, but is usually much smaller. Therefore, all the data used by the program might not fit in the cache. The cache tries to store data that is likely to be used a lot. Examples include recently used data and data close in memory to recently used data.
Buses
Computer buses are the wires used by the CPU to communicate with RAM and other components in the computer. Almost all CPUs have at least a data bus - used to read and write data - and an address bus - used to output addresses. Other buses inside the CPU carry data to different parts of the CPU.
Instruction sets
An instruction set (also called an ISA - Instruction Set Architecture) is a language understood directly by a particular CPU. These languages are also called machine code or binary. They say how you tell the CPU to do different things, like loading data from memory into a register, or adding the values from two registers. Each instruction in an instruction set has an encoding, which is how the instruction is written as a sequence of bits.
Programs written in programming languages like C and C++ can't be run directly by the CPU. They must be translated into machine code before the CPU can run them. A compiler is a computer program that does this translation.
Functionality
Here are some of the basic things a CPU can do:
A CPU is built out of logic gates; it has no moving parts. The CPU of a computer is connected electronically to other parts of the computer, like the video card, or the BIOS. A computer program can control these peripherals by reading or writing numbers to special places in the computer's memory.
Instruction pipelines
Each instruction executed by a CPU is usually done in many steps. For example, the steps to run an instruction "INC A" (increase the value stored in register A by one) on a simple CPU could be this: