cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Stephen Hopkins (Mayflower passenger)
Early adventures in the New World
The settlers in Jamestown did not get along with the Native Americans and they also refused to farm and grow food. They sometimes cheated the Native Americans and they turned against the settlers with violence which lasted for years.
On May 10, 1610, Hopkins and others left the island of Bermuda and came to Jamestown eleven days later. The people in Jamestown were starving to death. They were afraid to go outside the fort and were tearing down their houses for firewood. They were not planting crops. They also refused to trade with the Native Americans or to fish. When he arrived from Bermuda, Governor Gates estimated there was only days worth of food left. He decided to sail to Newfoundland and then went to England. Just as they were preparing to depart, an English ship came into the harbor with supplies and new settlers along with a new governor, Lord de la Warr. The colonists were forced to return and reestablish their fort.
William Shakespeare wrote a play called The Tempest in November 1611. It is about a group of passengers being shipwrecked by a mighty storm. That play has a character that was supposed to be Stephen Hokpins.
Back in England, Hopkins' wife Mary unexpectedly died in May 1613, leaving her three young children all alone. Hopkins returned to England to care for his children. Some time later, he married his second wife Elizabeth Fisher.
When Hopkins learned of the planned ‘’Mayflower’’ voyage to Northern Virginia to establish a colony, he decided he would like to go.
The children of Stephen and Elizabeth Hopkins were Damaris, Oceanus, Caleb, Deborah, Damaris, Ruth and Elizabeth. Oceanus was born during the voyage.
The Mayflower Voyage
Hopkins left Plymouth, England on 16 September 1620. There were 102 passengers and 30–40 crew. On 19 November 1620, the Mayflower spotted land. The Mayflower was supposed to land in Virginia Colony, but the ship was damaged and they were forced to land 21 November at Cape Cod now called Provincetown Harbor. They wrote the Mayflower Compact, which made rules on how they would live and treat each other. Hopkins signed the Mayflower Compact.
In Plymouth Colony
Hopkins and other men went to land to explore the area for a place where everyone could live. Hopkins was very valuable because he had experience from his time at Jamestown.
One of the earliest missions included William Bradford, John Carver, Myles Standish, Edward Winslow, John Howland, Richard Warren, Stephen Hopkins and Edwary Doty. Bradford wrote that they set off in freezing weather, "and when the set sail the salt spray froze on their coats, as if they had been glazed". Of this group Hopkins was the most experienced havings spent time at Jamestown. During their trip they observed Native Americans who appeared to be cutting up a large whale but when they saw the men approaching the natives fled.
Clyde Evans
Clyde Evans (June 26, 1938 – August 11, 2021) was an American politician. He was a member of the Ohio House of Representatives from 2003 to 2010. He ran for the Ohio Senate, but lost the primary election. Evans was a member of the Republican Party. He was born in Rio Grande, Ohio.
Stephen Hopkins (Mayflower passenger)
In Plymouth Colony
Hopkins taught the pilgrims to hunt and to make friends with the Native Americans. The first meeting with the Native Americans Samoset and Massasoit was held at Hopkins’ house. Over the years Hopkins was a great help to colony leaders such as Myles Standish and Edward Winslow.
Will and Death of Stephen Hopkins
Stephen Hopkins died sometime between June 6, 1644 and July 17th of that year. He made his will on June 6, 1644 and requested that he be buried next to his deceased wife, Elizabeth. The inventory was taken on July 17, 1644 and besides his deceased wife, he mentions sons Giles and Caleb, daughter Constance, wife of Nicholas Snow, daughters Deborah, Damaris, Ruth and Elizabeth. The burial place of Stephen Hopkins is unknown."
Clyde Evans
Evans died on August 11, 2021, in Gallipolis, Ohio at age 83.
Beatová síň slávy
Beatová síň slávy (Beat Hall of Fame or shortly BSS) is something like the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Czech Radio Beat honors the greatest legends of Czech rock music.
Alex Badeh
Alex Sabundu Badeh (November 7, 1957 – December 18, 2018) was a Nigerian politician and general. He was a four star flag officer of the Nigerian Air force. He was the 18th Chief of Air Staff and the 15th Chief of Defence Staff of the armed forces of Nigeria from 2014 to 2015.
Badeh was shot dead while driving near Abuja on December 18, 2018 at the age of 61.
2010 Australian federal election
The 2010 Australian federal election was held on 21 August 2010 to elect the 43rd Parliament of Australia. It was conducted by the Australian Electoral Commission (AEC).
The incumbent Labor government, led by Prime Minister Julia Gillard, won a second consecutive term in government, opposed by the Liberal/National Coalition, led by Opposition Leader Tony Abbott, in a minority government.
Sarah Rees Brennan
Sarah Rees Brennan (born 21 September 1983) is an Irish writer for young adult fantasy fiction.
Early life and education
Brennan was born and raised in Ireland. She obtained a Creative Writing MA from Kingston University in London.
Guy
Guy may refer to:
Alecko Eskandarian
Alecko Eskandarian is an American football player. He plays for Chivas USA and United States national team.
International career statistics
!Total||1||0
Nílton Santos
Nílton Santos (16 May 1925 – 27 November 2013) was a Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team. Considered as one of the best defenders of all time. He was a pioneering left-back "The Encyclopedia" was world class at both defending and attacking and possessed excessive technique. Nílton Santos is a member of the World Team of the 20th Century, and was named by Pelé one of the top 125 greatest living footballers at a FIFA Awards ceremony in 2004. In 2009, he was the recipient of the Golden Foot Legends Award. He was unrelated to his frequent defensive partner Djalma Santos.
Club career
Nílton Santos made his debut for Botafogo in 1948, he only left General Severiano in 1964 when he left the pitch. He only wore two shirts throughout his career: that of Botafogo and that of the Brazilian national team. His debut in the shirt of the Lone Star club took place against América Mineiro. In the Carioca Championship of 1948, played his first game against Canto do Rio in Caio Martins. Botafogo won by 4 to 2. General Severiano's Alvinegro was the 1948 carioca champion. However, in the carioca's first game against São Cristóvão, Nílton Barbosa played for the main team.
Nílton Santos played his entire career at Botafogo. Where he won the state championship four times (1948, 1957, 1961 and 1962), twice the Torneio Rio–São Paulo (1962 and 1964), in addition to several of the Paris Tournament in 1963 — in addition to other international titles. Nílton Santos participated in 718 matches for the club, being the record holder and scoring eleven goals between 1948 and 1964.
International career
Nílton debuted in the national team in the South American of 1949, the competition was held in Brazil, which ended up champion. He participated in the 1950 World Cup where he was runner-up. He was still champion with the 1952 Pan American team, twice world champion in 1958 in Sweden and 1962 in Chile. He played in 75 official and 10 unofficial matches. His farewell to the national team took place in the 1962 Cup final. He scored two goals with the national team's shirt.
In the Brazilian national football team, Nílton was a key player in defense during the world championships in which he participated and became internationally famous for scoring a magnificent goal in the 1958 tournament, when Brazil played Austria . Bringing the ball from the defense field and dribbling the entire opposing team (and driving coach Vicente Feola crazy ), he finished with a great shot.
Death
Santos died from respiratory failure caused by a lung infection on 27 November 2013, aged 88, in Rio de Janeiro.
International career statistics
!Total||75||3
Tom Lyle
Thomas Stanford Lyle (November 2, 1953 – November 19, 2019) was an American comics artist and educator. He was best known as for his work on Starman and Robin for DC Comics as well as Spider-Man for Marvel Comics. Lyle was born in Jacksonville, Florida. He taught classes at Savannah College of Art and Design.
Lyle died on November 19, 2019 while in a coma at a hospital in Atlanta, Georgia from problems caused by cerebral aneurysm-related surgery at the age of 66.
Steve Daskewisz
Steve Daskewisz (March 14, 1944 – December 18, 2018) was an American actor and stuntman. He was known for his role as a stunt double supporting the serial killer Jason Voorhees in the movie Friday the 13th Part 2. He had small roles in Wolfen and The Jazz Singer.
Portsmouth, Virginia
Portsmouth is a city in the U.S. State of Virginia. Just over 100,000 people live there.
Steve Daskewisz
Daskewisz died on December 18, 2018 in West Palm Beach, Florida from complications of diabetes, aged 74.
Dan Fogler
Daniel Kevin Fogler (born October 20, 1976) is an American actor, comedian and writer. In 2005, he won a Tony Award.
He had roles in Balls of Fury, Good Luck Chuck, Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald, Kung Fu Panda, Horton Hears a Who!, and Mars Needs Moms.
Woman in the Moon
Woman in the Moon is a German science fiction silent movie. It was first shown on 15 October 1929 at the UFA-Palast am Zoo theater in Berlin. There were 2000 people in the audience. Many people say it is one of the first "serious" science fiction films. It was directed by Fritz Lang. it was written by his wife Thea von Harbou. It was based on von Harbou’s 1928 book, The Rocket to the Moon. In the US it was called By Rocket to the Moon. In the UK it was called Woman in the Moon. A large group of people watching got to see how rockets work for the first time. The movie was recorded between October 1928 and June 1929 at the UFA studios in Neubabelsberg, near Berlin.
BandNews FM
Rádio BandNews FM is a Brazilian all news radio network. It first started in 20 March 2005. It is owned by Grupo Bandeirantes de Comunicação.
The network started broadcasting at exactly midnight in 20 March 2005, after at 23:59, Rádio Cidade said goodbye to its listeners after 25 years and played the last top 3 songs. The first on-air journalist was Carlos Nascimento.
Currently, it serves ten cities: Brasilia, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Belo Horizonte, Porto Alegre, Curitiba, Fortaleza, Vitoria, Joao Pessoa and Salvador. The first 4 cities carry the network's de facto flagship stations.
Rio Grande, Ohio
Rio Grande is a village in Gallia County, Ohio,  United States. The population was 830 at the 2010 census.
BandNews FM
Campinas and Ribeirao Preto (in 106.7 FM and 96.7 FM) stopped carrying BandNews FM programming in 2014. They are now branded as Band FM.
BandNews FM is well known for its slogan Em 20 minutos, tudo pode mudar (In 20 minutes, everything can happen), which refers to how the news is updated every 20 minutes. This format (that allows listeners to tune in at any time of the day to get the leading stories of the moment) is inspired by 1010 WINS, America's most well-known news station.
From 6:00 to 23:00, on these news blocks, 6 minutes of them being given to each individual affiliate for providing local stories, read by a local announcer. Normally there's a local-only news programme from 9:00 to 11:00. Overnights feature live national announcers, broadcast by all affiliates.
The network also broadcasts selected Brazilian football matches, alongside Bandeirantes and CBN, two likewise-formatted radio networks.
Zinaida Kiriyenko
Zinaida Mikhailovna Kiriyenko (Зинаи́да Миха́йловна Кириенко; 9 July 1933 – 12 February 2022) was a Russian actress and singer. She was the Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1965) and People's Artist of the RSFSR (1977). She was known for her roles in the movies And Quiet Flows the Don, Fate of a Man, Chronicle of Flaming Years. Kiriyenko was born in Makhachkala, then-Soviet Union.
Lanuvio
Lanuvio is an Italian city in Lazio. It is about 30 km southeast of Rome. About 13,000 people live there.
1476
1476 was a leap year.
Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks
Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks (German: Till Eulenspiegels lustige Streiche) is a very well-known piece of music for orchestra by Richard Strauss. It is a tone poem (a piece of music which tells some kind of story). In this work, Richard Strauss describes the adventures of Till Eulenspiegel who was the character in a series of stories written in Germany many years ago. Till Eulenspiegel was a kind of folk hero. He was a naughty boy who got up to all kinds of tricks. The music is very humorous and describes his adventures.
The music is played by a large orchestra. There is a small clarinet (normally an E flat clarinet, although in Strauss's day he used a D clarinet) that describes the character of Till. Till is also represented by a French horn.
The music
The music starts with the main theme, which is like saying: 'Once upon a time'. The horn plays one of Till's themes and this is taken up by the orchestra. The small clarinet is then heard, sounding like Till laughing. He rides his horse through the market and knocks lots of things off the stalls, then flirts with the girls (the first violin plays a theme which suggests love).
Till gets on his horse again. Then suddenly there is a funeral march. Till has been caught and he is sentenced to death. Till pleads to be let free and tries to joke his way out of his troubles, but the executioner takes no notice. Till is taken to the gallows (small clarinet), the flutes rattle as he reaches the top. The small clarinet describes his death scream, and then he is executed (strings playing pizzicato. There is a short silence, then the music returns to the opening 'Once upon a Time' theme, but the music finishes with a little joke, as if saying that someone like Till can never be destroyed.
1470s
The 1470s was the decade that started on January 1, 1470 and ended on December 31, 1479.
Rodrigo González Torres
Rodrigo René González Torres (26 September 1941 – 4 September 2022) was a Chilean politician. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 2002 until his death. He was a member of the Party for Democracy. He was also Mayor of Viña del Mar from 1992 to 1994 and again from 1996 to 2000. He was born in Viña del Mar, Chile.
William G. Batchelder
William George Batchelder III (December 19, 1942 – February 12, 2022) was an American politician. He was the 101st Speaker of the Ohio House of Representatives from 2011 to 2014. He also represented the 69th District of the Ohio House of Representatives from 2007 to 2014, and was in the House from 1969 to 1998 before. He was a Republican. Batchelder was born in Medina, Ohio.
Batchelder died on February 12, 2022 in Cincinnati, Ohio at the age of 79.
Grand Theft Auto (video game)
Grand Theft Auto is a video game made by DMA Design and published by BMG Interactive. It is the first title of the Grand Theft Auto series and was released in 1997 for MS-DOS, Windows and PlayStation, and in October 1999 for the Game Boy Color.
Charles Osgood
Charles Osgood Wood III (born January 8, 1933), known professionally as Charles Osgood, is a retired American radio and television commentator and writer. He was born in New York City.
Osgood is best known for being the host of CBS News Sunday Morning from April 10, 1994, until September 25, 2016. He was also the narrator of the 2008 animated movie Horton Hears a Who!.
David Briley
Clifton David Briley (born January 8, 1964) is an American politician. He is the mayor of the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County. He was elected in 2015 as vice-mayor and was sworn in as acting mayor after Megan Barry's resignation on March 6, 2018.
Briley won the May 24 special election with 55%. He is the first native of both Nashville and Tennessee since Bill Boner in 1991 to be mayor.
Stamping Ground, Kentucky
Stamping Ground is a city in Scott County, Kentucky in the United States.
Wharram Percy
Wharram Percy is a deserted medieval village (DMV) in North Yorkshire, England. It has been settled since prehistory, but was largest during the 10th through 12th centuries. The Domesday Book talks about it, and says that it was called 'Warran' or 'Warron'. It was owned by the Percy family of aristocrats. Around the year 1400, it came under the ownership of the Hylton family of aristocrats. They decided to use the land in and around the village for sheep, because it made more money back then. In the early 16th century, the last part of the village was destroyed to make room for sheep pasture.
Centuripe
Centuripe is a city in southern Italy. Centuripe is in the Sicily Region. It is about 80 km northeast of Enna. About 5,300 people live there.
Ventura Highway
"Ventura Highway" is a song by the band America. It was written in 1972. It is from the band’s album Homecoming. The song was written by Dewey Bunnell.
Shape of My Heart (Sting song)
"Shape of My Heart" is a 1993 song by Sting and is the fifth single from his fourth studio album Ten Summoner's Tale. It went to number 10 in Iceland and number 57 in the United Kingdom. It was used in the 1993 movie Three of Hearts and in the closing credits to the 1994 movie Léon: The Professional. It has become a pop classic long after its release.
Noordpeene
Noordpeene is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 788 people lived there.
Gospel
Gospel originally meant the Christian message ("the gospel"), but in the 2nd century it came to be used also for the books in which the message was set out.
The word gospel came from the Old English word "gōdspel", which literally means "good news", since it narrates Jesus Christ's life and teaching to invite anyone to believe that he was born to save the world from sin and make humans truly know God as a Father. It includes the Death and Resurrection of Jesus.
The Gospel was originally spoken, not written. Eventually gospel came to mean an ancient book about Jesus, especially one of the four books collected by the Church in the Bible.
These books are the first part of the New Testament of the Bible, and are put in a group of this order: the Gospel of Matthew, the Gospel of Mark, the Gospel of Luke and the Gospel of John.
Tomislav Erceg
Tomislav Erceg (born 22 October 1971) is a former Croatian football player. He has played for Croatia national team.
Stanton, Kentucky
Stanton is a city of Kentucky in the United States.
Inbe clan
They claimed descent from Futodama.
Tomislav Erceg
Club career statistics
16||3 192||97 27||12 14||2 23||3 17||0 15||10 15||3 29||12 348||142
Inbe clan
History
The clan started off as low class but gained power due to religious reasons. During the reign of Emperor Kōtoku, the Inbe, along with the Nakatomi and Urabe families, were tasked with supervising the Department of Divinities.
During the Asuka period, the Inbe clan became more prominent and was involved in the political and military affairs of the Yamato court. In 587 CE, the Inbe clan was part of the allied forces that fought against the powerful Soga clan in the Battle of Shigisan. The battle resulted in the defeat of the Soga clan and the Inbe clan's rise in power.
Smash Hits
Smash Hits was a pop music based magazine. It was made for children and young teenagers. The magazine was first published in the United Kingdom. It ran from 1978 to 2006 and was issued fortnightly for most of that time. The name survives as a brand for a related spin-off digital television channel, digital radio station, and website which have survived the end of the printed magazine.
Inbe clan
History
During the 7th century, the Inbe clan had important roles in the Yamato court, including the position of Ō-omi, responsible for managing the court's affairs. In 645 CE, the clan supported Prince Naka no Ōe, who later became Emperor Tenji, in a successful coup against his mother Empress Kōgyoku.
During the Nara period (710-794 CE), the Inbe clan's influence declined, and they were gradually overtaken by the Nakatomi clan and their descendant clan the Fujiwara clan. In 807 their leader wrote the Kogo Shūi to complain to the Emperor over their exclusion.
They migrated to the east soon after and built the Awa Shrine
Disco (Grace Jones album)
Disco is a box-set of three albums by Jamaican recording artist Grace Jones released in May 2015. The album contains Portfolio (1977), Fame (1978), and Muse (1979), all of which were recorded at Philadelphia's Sigma Sound with disco artist Tom Moulton as producer, in their full album length.
Tomislav Erceg
International career statistics
!Total||4||1
Inbe clan
Legacy
The Inbe clan was an influential group in Japan during the Kofun and Asuka periods. They were based in the Kibi Province, and were involved in politics and military affairs. Their legacy is still present in Japanese culture today, as they were responsible for building the Inbe Shrine, an important religious site. The Inbe clan's name can also be found in literary works such as the Man'yōshū. The Japanese government recognizes the Inbe clan as an important historical group, designating them as such in 1967.
Grand Theft Auto 2
Grand Theft Auto 2 is a video game made by DMA Design and published by Rockstar Games, for Windows and PlayStation in 1999, and the Dreamcast and Game Boy in 2000. It is the sequel to Grand Theft Auto (1997), and the second installment of the Grand Theft Auto series. Set within a city known as "Anywhere City", the game is based on players taking the role of a criminal as they explore an open world, doing jobs for various crime mobs and having free rein to do whatever they wish to achieve their goal. The game's intro is unique for a title in the series, as it involved live-action scenes filmed by Rockstar Games.
Sestao
Sestao is the home of the most important steel industry of Biscay, Altos Hornos de Vizcaya.
2022 Saskatchewan stabbings
On September 4, 2022, a stabbing spree happened in thirteen locations on the James Smith Cree Nation and in Weldon, Saskatchewan, Canada. 10 people were killed and 15 others hospitalized. It is one of the deadliest massacres in Canadian history.
31-year-old Damien Sanderson and 30-year-old Myles Sanderson were the suspects. Myles Sanderson was caught, but shortly after went into distress and died. Some of the victims are believed to have been targeted, while others were randomly attacked.
John McDouall Stuart
Good
John McDouall Stuart (7 September 1815 – 5 June 1866) is regarded as one of Australia's greatest explorers. He went on seven major exploring trips into the centre and north of Australia. He was leader of six of these expeditions. He spent more time out in the Australian bush exploring the land than any other explorer. On each trip, he was able to go further north and found water sources that helped him with his final long journey. In 1862, he crossed Australia from Adelaide, South Australia, to Van Diemen Gulf in the Northern Territory. He was the first European to cross the continent from north to south and then return again.
Exploring Australia caused Stuart to become very sick from diseases such as scurvy and beriberi. He pushed himself to the very limits of human endurance. Each trip left him weaker and at the end of his last trip he was unable to walk or ride and had to be carried back. Stuart's discoveries opened up the country for the growth of farming sheep and cattle. His route was used to build the Australian Overland Telegraph Line from Adelaide to Darwin which joined an undersea line from Java. This meant that for the first time, Australians could communicate quickly with the rest of the world. But his personal rewards were small. He was given some land by the government and a small salary from his employers. Stuart died poor in England at the age of 50.
Early life
Stuart was born on 7 September 1815, at Dysart, Fife, Scotland. His father, William Stuart, had been a captain in the British Army. His mother was Mary McDouall. They had nine children, John McDouall was the sixth. His parents died when he was ten years old. The children were separated and sent to live with different relatives. Stuart was educated at the Scottish Naval and Military Academy in Edinburgh. He studied to be an engineer and surveyor.
Central Australian Expedition 1844
Stuart joined Charles Sturt's Central Australian Expedition to search for an inland sea in August 1844. Sturt was so sure that there was an inland sea in the centre of Australia, that he took a large boat as part of his equipment. Stuart joined the group as a draftsman, who would draw up the maps. He was paid one pound a week, and provided with food. Stuart and James Poole, the second in command, were sent out ahead of the main group to find water. The main group could only travel as fast as their flock of sheep could walk. Stuart and Poole found water at Depot Glen, near the current site of Milparinka.
In the hot dry climate of summer, the group remained trapped at the waterhole for seven months. Stuart took a small group to find water to the north, west, and east, but found none. Stuart was left behind in charge of the main group at Depot Glen. It was very hot so they dug an underground room to keep cool. All the men became sick from scurvy because of the lack of fresh fruit and vegetables. This caused their gums to become soft and their teeth to fall out. They had headaches, their noses bled, and their skin began to turn black. When Poole died, Stuart was made second in command. He also became the surveyor and did all the mapping as Sturt could not see properly. When it finally rained the group tried to keep going north but were blocked by the sand dunes of the Simpson Desert. They turned south and went back to the Darling River. Stuart took over as leader when Sturt became blind and too ill to lead the group. They arrived back in Adelaide after six weeks hard travelling. Sturt had to be carried in a cart, and Stuart, crippled with scurvy and beriberi, looked like a skeleton.
1858 expedition
Stuart learned from his trip with Sturt that large groups were not able to move quickly through the dry Australian lands. He believed that a small group would have more success. Finke paid him to find out if the land north of Lake Torrens would be suitable for sheep. On this first trip he went with two men, Forster and an unnamed Aboriginal youth. They took six horses, enough food for six weeks, a watch and a compass. In May 1858 they went through settled areas until they reached Oratunga Station, one of the most remote farms in South Australia. It is near the present day town of Blinman, in the north of the Flinders Ranges. From here they went northwest and found a permanent water hole, Andamooka Waterhole, on a creek Stuart named Chambers Creek. It has since been renamed Stuart Creek. The country was very dry, and they could only find water in Aboriginal wells. The stony ground hurt the horses feet. At the end of July they reached the site of the present day town of Coober Pedy. Their horses were in poor condition and they were running out of food. Stuart decided to change direction to the south west and try and reach the coast near Fowlers Bay. The Aboriginal youth would not go any further and went back. He was scared of other Aborigines in the area they were going into. Stuart said the land was "...dreary, dismal, dreadful desert." Stuart and Forster reached the coast at Denial Bay in August 1858, and were back in settled farm lands by 11 September. They had completed a journey of 2400 km in four months. He gave his diary and maps to the South Australian government. As a reward, Stuart was given the lease to 1,000 square miles of land at Chambers Creek.
Stuart's second expedition 1859
The official South Australian government explorer Benjamin Herschel Babbage followed Stuart's maps and went to Chambers Creek. He reported that the map showed the creek was marked 46 km too far to the north. Stuart went back to Chambers Creek to survey the area again. This expedition was paid for by James Chambers and William Finke who realized the value of reliable water supplies on the other side of the salt lakes. Stuart left Oratunga Station on 2 April 1859, with a small group, three men and 14 horses. The men he took with him included a Bavarian naturalist and artist, David Herrgott, and Louis Müller, a stockman and botanist. Both Herrgott and Müller had been gold miners in Victoria, and would know how to look for gold in the country around Chambers Creek. They did not carry much equipment, only a blanket to sleep with, but no tents. The only food they took was flour, dried beef (jerky), tea, sugar and tobacco. He took more equipment than just his watch and compass on this trip; a sextant, a copy of the Astronomical Almanac and a telescope.
After surveying Chambers Creek again, Stuart explored the area to the north west of Chambers Creek. They found more mound springs which Stuart named Elizabeth Springs after one of Chamber's daughters. They continued north west and searched for gold in the Davenport Range. They found more springs which they named the Spring of Hope. They were able to continue and found more springs, which Stuart named Freeling Springs, after Major Freeling, a South Australian politician. By the time they had passed the current site of Oodnadatta, both the men and the horses were suffering from the lack of water and proper food. The horses' shoes had worn out in the rocks around the Davenport Range. On 12 June 1859, Stuart turned around and went back. They rode south back to Port Augusta and then took a boat back to Adelaide.
Third expedition 1859
The South Australian government offered a prize of £2,000 to the first person to cross Australia from the south to the north. They hoped this would be a route for the Australian Overland Telegraph Line that would connect Australia to the line that came from Europe. Stuart and Chambers plans for the trip were not accepted by the government. The government sent Alexander Tolmer to lead the trip. His expedition did not make it out of the settled areas. In August 1859, one month after his last trip, Stuart went back to do more surveying for Chambers at Chambers Creek. With William Darton Kekwick and two other men, they took 12 horses and explored the west side of Lake Eyre. Chambers and Stuart believed that the lake might hold water. Instead Stuart found mud after he walked several kilometres into the dry salt lake. He found another artesian mound spring, more than 30 m in height, which he named William Springs, after one of Chamber's sons. He then set off for the Spring of Hope. He saw grasslands and eventually made a base at Freeling Springs. He explored much of the surrounding area hoping to find gold. On 6 January 1860, with his food supplies getting low, and two of the men refusing to go any further, Stuart once again returned home.
Fourth expedition September 1860
There was a lot of support for an expedition to cross Australia. In Melbourne, the biggest exploring expedition in Australian history, the Victorian Exploring Expedition, was being organized for the crossing. This became known as the Burke and Wills expedition, named after its two leaders, Robert O'Hara Burke and William John Wills. Stuart knew that he would be able to travel further and faster by only going with a small group. In March 1860, with Kekwick, Benjamin Head and 13 horses, Stuart left Chambers Creek and headed north. They were the first Europeans to enter central Australia. They reached the Finke River, the MacDonnell Ranges, and the strange rock formation Stuart called Chambers Pillar. On 23 April, Stuart worked out that they were at the very centre of Australia. He named a small hill near the spot Mount Sturt, after Charles Sturt. Stuart and Kekwick climbed the hill and raised the British flag. Stuart wrote that the flag would be a sign to the Aborigines "...that the dawn of liberty, civilization, and Christianity is about to break upon them." The name was later changed to Central Mount Stuart. From here Stuart tried to go northwest to reach the Victoria River. This took them into the Tanami Desert, but they could not find water and were forced to go back.
They continued to travel north, beyond the site of the town of Tennant Creek. On 26 June they reached a creek, now called Attack Creek, about 2400 km north of Adelaide. A large group of Aborigines from a group called the Warramunga, attacked the explorers. The Warrumunga threw boomerangs at the explorers, and then set fire to the grass. Stuart and his men fired their guns at the Warrumunga, but Stuart does not say in his diary if any were killed or injured. The men quickly left the creek and went south.
Stuart decided they could not get any further north because they were running out of food, water was scarce and the horses were in poor condition. He wrote "...I think it would be madness and folly to attempt more." The return journey was very difficult. Stuart could only ride for a few hours a day; on one day he just dug a hole in the sand and curled up in it. Head was so hungry he stole food, which left them with even less. Their clothes were only torn rags and their bodies were covered in bruises caused by scurvy. Stuart wrote in his diary that "My men have now lost all their former energy...and move about as if they were a hundred years old. It is sad to see them..." Stuart wrote in his diary that sores on his hands had made them to painful to be used and he could only just sit in the saddle. He gums had become so sore and his teeth so loose that he could only eat flour boiled in water. He wrote on 16 May that "...I almost wished that death would come and relieve me from my fearful torture..." The medicines he had with him did not help.
The explorers made their way back to Adelaide as Burke and Wills were starting their journey north from Melbourne. Stuart was treated as a hero when he arrived in Adelaide. In 1859 the Royal Geographical Society in London presented him with gold watch. This was given to the explorer Count Paul Strzelecki to take back to Australia.
The cost of Stuart's exploring had been paid for by Chambers. Because of this, Stuart would not make his journals and maps available to the public. This led to claims that Stuart had not really travelled that far north and that he was lying about his discoveries. In Victoria it was even said that Stuart had not really gone north, but had been hiding in a cellar in Adelaide.
Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2003
The Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2003 was the first Eurovision Song Contest for young singers aged eight to fifteen. It was held on 15 November 2003, in Copenhagen, Denmark. The show was presented by Camilla Ottesen and Remee. The contest was won by the then eleven-year-old Dino Jelušić, who represented Croatia with his song "Ti Si Moja Prva Ljubav" (You Are My First Love). Second place went to Spain and third place went to the United Kingdom.
Shifa Gardi
Shifa Gardi (Kurdish:Şîfa Gerdî, Arabic:شفاء كردي)(July 1, 1986 - February 25, 2017) also known as Shifa Zikri Ibrahim, was a Kurdish journalist for the Kurdish Rudaw Media Network in Iraq. She died in a roadside bomb explosion while reporting on the Iraqi advance into Mosul. When she died, Gardi was speaking to Shiite commander Hashd al-Shaabi beside a huge hole where ISIS militants dumped the bodies of people they killed. Al-Shaabi's feet caught in a wire, which made the bomb explode. Gardi, commander al-Shaabi, and four fighters were killed. Gardi's cameraman Younis Mustafa and seven fighters were wounded.
John McDouall Stuart
Fifth expedition 1861
The public and the newspapers began to talk about a race across the continent of Australia. Could Stuart, experienced and used to moving quickly, beat the better equipped, but very slow moving Burke and Wills expedition. After their failures with Babbage and Tolmer's expeditions, the South Australian government now believed that Stuart would succeed if he had enough support. They gave £2,500 to set up another expedition and provided ten armed men to protect Stuart from any more attacks by the Aborigines. Chambers agreed to supply more horses and to pay Stuart and Kekwick's wages. In Victoria, a policeman was sent off to tell Burke to get going to the Gulf of Carpentaria as fast as possible, but Burke had already heard about Stuart's planned trip. Burke divided his group in two, and leaving most of his supplies behind at Menindee on the Darling River, he headed north to Cooper Creek.
Shifa Gardi
Ranja Jamal, a Rudaw journalist who is embedded with the Iraqi army was with Gardi when she died. He said she was looking for the deep hole called "Mosul’s Valley of Death", or Al Khafsa, where ISIS threw hundreds of people. The hole is in a valley south of the Mosul near a village called Al Athba. According to the Islamic State's doctrine, Muslims who oppose the group or fighters who leave the group cannot be buried in Muslim cemeteries. Al Athba is 20 kilometers south of Mosul and five kilometers from the main Baghdad-Mosul road. Gardi had information about the valley but she was not able to find it. On her way back, she met a Popular Mobilization Forces or Al-Hashd Al-Sha'abi group, and they took her to the place.
John McDouall Stuart
Fifth expedition 1861
On 1 January 1861, Stuart with a group of 12 men and 49 horses set off from Chambers Creek. The hot weather made it hard to find water and many waterholes from his earlier trips were dry. In February Stuart sent back two men with five horses. They reached the northern border of South Australia at about the same time that Burke and Wills reached the Gulf of Carpentaria. He was able to travel 240 km north of Attack Creek, where he found a large waterhole he called Glandfield Lagoon, after the mayor of Adelaide. Chambers later changed the name on Stuart's maps to Newcastle Waters, after the Duke of Newcastle, a British politician. From here Stuart again looked for a way to go north west to the Victoria River, but he was unable to find water. With the food running out, the men becoming sick, and horses in poor condition, Stuart again decided to return to Adelaide. Burke and Wills had not returned to Cooper Creek and were missing.
Shifa Gardi
Life
The President of Kurdistan, Massoud Barzani, sent his condolences. Mesud Tek, the General Secretary Socialist Party of Kurdistan in Turkey also sent condolences. Marie-Claude Bibeau, the Canadian Minister for international development, Dr. Najmaldin Karim, the governor of Kirkuk, and Falah Mustafa, head of Department of Foreign Relations of Kurdistan Regional Government all expressed their condolences.
John McDouall Stuart
Sixth expedition 1861–62
Stuart set out on his third attempt to cross Australia on 25 October 1861. This expedition was called the Great Northern Exploring Expedition. The group was: John McDouall Stuart, William Darton Kekwick, Francis William Thring, William Patrick Auld, Stephen King Jnr., John William Billiatt, James Frew Jnr., Heath Nash, John Woodforde, John McGorrery and Frederick George Waterhouse.
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John McDouall Stuart
Sixth expedition 1861–62
The group left Chambers Creek on 8 January 1862 moving fast, covering between 30 and 50 kilometres a day. The fast pace meant that in the first three weeks eight horses died and Woodforde left and went back. Stuart left some of the supplies behind and cut the amount each man was allowed to eat. At Mount Hay in central Australia, they were again attacked by Aboriginal warriors, but they were no match for the group's guns and several may have been killed.
They reached Newcastle Waters in three months, and then took a week to rest. Stuart spent the next five weeks searching for water. He finally found a series of waterholes, creeks and rivers which meant the whole group were able to continue to the north. He gave up trying to reach the Victoria River. When they got to the Roper River, which had been explored by Ludwig Leichhardt in 1845, he knew he could easily go west to the Gulf of Carpentaria, but instead chose to continue north. Auld later said that "...the mosquitos and flies were terrible. Our hands, feet and necks were blistered with their bites." They crossed Arnhem Land, and made the way along the edge of what is now Kakadu National Park. He followed the Adelaide River, but when the ground became too soft and muddy, they went further north to the Mary River and eventually reached the sea.
They arrived at Van Diemen's Gulf on 24 July 1862. On a tall tree branch they raised a Union Jack flag with Stuart's name embroided on it which had been made by Chamber's daughter, Elizabeth. Wood from the tree, which has since been destroyed, is in the collection of the Royal Geographical Society of South Australia's collection. The group then had to travel 3400 km back to Adelaide. Food was becoming scarce, and the hot weather meant there was little water. Many horses died, and Stuart was again forced to leave behind equipment. Waterhouse had to leave all his carefully collected plants and animals. The men were very hungry and even shot and ate dingos. Stuart was in poor health and became blind. He was unable to speak for several days and the men thought he was going to die. He was unable to ride his horse, and they made a bed with long poles and blankets that could be carried between two horses. Stuart was carried 960 km by this method. after crossing the MacDonnell Ranges, they discovered that rain had fallen and there was lots of grass. On reaching the settled areas, Stuart learned that his friend and partner, James Chambers had died. He left Kekwick in charge of the group, and went ahead with Auld. They got on the train at Kapunda and arrived in Adelaide on 17 December 1862.
Stuart and his group were given a special welcome in Adelaide on 16 January 1863. They dressed in their old clothes and rode into the city as heroes. This was also the day that Burke and Wills were buried in Melbourne after the failure of their expedition.
Later life
Stuart was in poor health, almost blind, and had a crippled right hand after the sixth trip. With Chambers dead, he no longer had a job. The government tried not to pay him the £2,000 reward, saying that they had paid for the cost of the expedition. After public pressure, they gave in, but invested the money and only gave Stuart a small amount each year. He was drinking a lot of alcohol and none of his friends would give him any help. The government then wanted £500 for the lease of the land they had given him at Chambers Creek. Stuart sold it to James Chambers' brother, John Chambers, for only £200, losing money on the deal.
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John McDouall Stuart
Later life
He decided to return to Great Britain in April 1864. He lived with his sister Mary in Glasgow, Scotland. The Royal Geographical Society asked the South Australian government for a pension for Stuart, but they said he had been rewarded enough with grants of land. During the debate over the pension it was said that it was not the exploring that had ruined his health, but his drinking habits. He suffered from dementia, and it is possible he also had tuberculosis. He died in London on 5 June 1866 from a stroke and was buried in the Kensal Green Cemetery. Only seven people went to the funeral, four relatives, two members of the Royal Geographical Society, and Alexander Hay, a South Australian farmer who was in London at the time. The grave was damaged in World War II, but was repaired in 2011 by the Stuart Society and the Royal Geographical Society of South Australia.
November 2016 UK Independence Party leadership election
The election was called for after Diane James resigned as UKIP leader.
John McDouall Stuart
Later life
The Australian Overland Telegraph Line was built along the route taken by Stuart. Using his notes they were easily able to find water supplies and trees to make the poles. The accuracy of his maps made building the line much easier. His journey is remembered in the Stuart Highway, one of Australia's major roads which joins Port Augusta to Darwin. It follows much of the same route discovered by Stuart. In June 1904, a statue of Stuart was put up in Adelaide. The Royal Geographical Society of South Australia has a wooden chair and table made by Stuart in 1854.
Benjamin Head later said about Stuart "...that he was a born leader of men: the sharpest little fellow you would find in a year's march."
Conclusion
Stuart and A.C. Gregory were arguably Australia’s greatest inland explorers. The latter was certainly financed and equipped much better than Stuart who had to rely on Chambers and Finke’s support rather than the State Government. It may very well have been possible for Stuart to reach the north coast earlier if he had the Government support that Gregory, Babbage and Tolmer were granted. That said, he didn’t and was totally driven to reach the north coast despite illness and afflictions that arguably he had since arriving in South Australia and were to see him die at such an early age in England in 1866. The key attributes that made Stuart one, if not the best inland explorer, include:
- He had exceptional dead reckoning and navigational skills that enabled him to understand exactly where he was.
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Strathmoor Village is a city in the U.S. state of Kentucky.
John McDouall Stuart
Conclusion
-He learnt from every trip how far to push the physical limits and when to turn back.
- He understood and cared for his horses and knew their limits and ability to move quickly through land and how far each type could survive without water. - He was courageous, a great leader and his concern and respect for his fellow expedition members was reciprocated.
Sturgis, Kentucky
Sturgis is a city of Kentucky in the United States.
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In Major League Baseball, the National League Division Series (NLDS), played early to mid October, is a playoff round to determine which two National League teams play in the NLCS. It consists of two best-of-five series featuring three division winners and the winner of the wild card game.