cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Typesetting
Typesetting uses the earlier steps of designing a font and storing it in some manner. Typesetting is the taking of the stored letters (called "sorts" in mechanical systems and "glyphs" in digital systems) and the ordering of them in the manner of a language's orthography for showing them on a page.
Letterpress era
During the letterpress era, moveable type was composed by hand for each page. Cast metal sorts were grouped into words and lines of text and tightly bound together to make up a page image called a forme. All letter faces were set to the same height, to form an even surface of type. The forme was mounted in a machine press, inked, and an impression made on paper.
The diagram at right shows a cast metal sort: a face, b body or shank, c point size, 1 shoulder, 2 nick, 3 groove, 4 foot. Wooden printing sorts were in use for centuries in combination with metal type.
Copies of formes were cast when expecting later printings of a text, freeing the costly type for other work. In this process, called stereotyping, the entire forme is pressed into a fine matrix such as plaster of Paris or papier mâché called Flong to create a positive, from which the stereotype forme was cast of type metal.
Hand composing was rendered commercially obsolete by continuous casting or hot-metal typesetting machines, such as the Linotype machine and Monotype at the end of the 19th century. The Linotype, invented by Ottmar Mergenthaler, enabled one machine operator to do the work of ten hand compositors by automating the selection, use and replacement of sorts, with a keyboard as input. Later advances, such as the typewriter or computer, pushed the state of the art even farther ahead. Still, hand composition and letterpress printing did not fall completely out of use. Since the introduction of digital typesetting, it has seen a renewal as an artisanal pursuit. However, it is a very small niche within the larger typesetting market.
Phototypesetting
Phototypesetting or "cold type" systems first appeared in the early 1960s and rapidly displaced continuous casting machines. These devices consisted of glass disks (one per font) that spun in front of a light source which selectively exposed characters onto light-sensitive paper. Originally they were driven by pre-punched paper tapes. Later they were hooked up to computer front ends.
One of the earliest electronic photocomposition systems was introduced by Fairchild Semiconductor. The typesetter typed a line of text on a Fairchild keyboard that had no display. To verify correct content of the line it was typed a second time. If the two lines were identical a bell rang and the machine produced a punched paper tape corresponding to the text. With the completion of a block of lines the typesetter fed the corresponding paper tapes into a phototypesetting device which mechanically set type outlines printed on glass sheets into place for exposure onto a negative film. Photosensitive paper was exposed to light through the negative film, resulting in a column of black type on white paper, or a galley. The galley was then cut up and used to create a mechanical drawing or paste up of a whole page. A large film negative of the page is shot and used to make a plates for offset printing.
Guy Carawan
Guy Carawan (July 27, 1927 – May 2, 2015) was an American folk musician and musicologist. He served as music director and song leader for the Highlander Research and Education Center in New Market, Tennessee. He was born in Los Angeles, California.
Carawan died in New Market, Tennessee at the age of 87.
Bolivar County, Mississippi
Bolivar County is a county located on the western border of the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 34,145 people lived there. Its county seats are Rosedale and Cleveland. The county was founded in 1836. It is named in honor of Simón Bolívar, early 19th-century leader of the liberation of many South American colonies from Spain.
Robie Creek, Idaho
Robie Creek is a census-designated place (CDP) of Idaho in the United States.
Val-des-Prés
Val-des-Prés is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department.
Sykesville, Maryland
Sykesville is a small town in Carroll County, Maryland, United States. The town is 20 mi west of Baltimore and 40 mi north of Washington D.C. The population was 4,436 at the 2010 census.
Typesetting
Digital era
Before the 1980s, almost all typesetting for publishers and advertisers was done by specialist typesetting companies. These companies performed keyboarding, editing and production of paper or film output, and formed a large component of the graphic arts industry. In the United States, these companies were in rural Pennsylvania, New England or the Midwest where labor was cheap, and paper produced nearby, but still within a few hours' travel time of the major publishing centers.
In 1985, desktop publishing became available, starting with the Apple Macintosh, Aldus PageMaker (and later QuarkXPress) and PostScript. Improvements in software and hardware, and rapidly-lowering costs, popularized desktop publishing and enabled very fine control of typeset results at much lower cost than the minicomputer-based systems. At the same time, word processing systems such as Wang and WordPerfect revolutionized office documents. They did not, however, have the typographic ability or flexibility required for complex book layout, graphics, mathematics, or advanced hyphenation and justification rules (H and J).
By the year 2000, this industry segment had shrunk because publishers were now capable of integrating typesetting and graphic design on their own in-house computers. Many found that the cost of maintaining high standards of typographic design and technical skill made it more economical to out-source to freelancers and graphic design specialists.
The availability of cheap, or free, fonts made the conversion to do-it-yourself easier but also opened up a gap between skilled designers and amateurs. The advent of PostScript, supplemented by the PDF file format, provided a universal method of proofing designs and layouts, readable on major computer and operating systems.
SCRIPT variants
IBM created and inspired a family of typesetting languages with names that were derivatives of the word "SCRIPT". Latter versions of SCRIPT included advanced features such as automatic generation of a table of contents and index, multi-column page layout, footnotes, boxes, automatic hyphenation and spelling verification.
SGML and XML systems
SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) was based upon GML (IBM Generalized Markup Language). GML was a set of macros on top of IBM SCRIPT.
The arrival of SGML/XML as the document model made other typesetting engines popular. Such engines include Datalogics Pager, Penta, Miles 33's OASYS, Xyvision's XML Professional Publisher (XPP), FrameMaker, Arbortext, YesLogic's Prince, QuarkXPress and Adobe InDesign. These products allow users to program their typesetting process around the SGML/XML with the help of scripting languages. Some of them, such as Arbortext Editor and XMetaL Author, provide attractive WYSIWYG-ish interfaces with support for XML standards and Unicode to attract a wider spectrum of users.
Troff and successors
During the mid-1970s Joseph Ossanna, working at Bell Laboratories, wrote the troff (said as "tee-roff") typesetting program to drive a Wang C/A/T phototypesetter owned by the Labs; it was later enhanced by Brian Kernighan to support output to different equipment such as laser printers and the like. While its use has fallen off, it is still included with a number of Unix and Unix-like systems and has been used to typeset a number of high-profile technical and computer books. Some versions, as well as a GNU work-alike called groff, are now open source.
TeX and LaTeX
The TeX system, developed by Donald E. Knuth at the end of the 1970s, is another widespread and powerful automated typesetting system which has set high standards, especially for typesetting mathematics.
Budhial
Budhial is a village and Union Council of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. Budhial village is about 25 kilometres from Talagang at 32°59'0″N 72°11'0″E.
Ollie Hairs
Oliver James Hairs is a cricketer from England. Hairs plays for the Scotland national cricket team. He was born on April 14, 1991.
If You're Gone (Matchbox Twenty song)
"If You're Gone" is a 2000 song by Matchbox Twenty and is the second single from their second studio album Mad Season. It went to number 5 in the United States, number 12 in New Zealand, number 16 in the Netherlands, number 18 in Australia, number 27 in Canada and number 50 in the United Kingdom.
Track listings
UK CD single
European CD single
James Black
Sir James Whyte Black, OM, FRS, FRSE, FRCP (14 June 1924 – 22 March 2010 ) was a Scottish doctor and pharmacologist. Black started in the physiology department at the University of Glasgow. While there, he became interested in how adrenaline affected the human heart. He went to work for ICI Pharmaceuticals in 1958. While working for ICI, he created propranolol. Propranolol is a beta blocker, used to treat heart disease. Black also created cimetidine. It is a drug used to treat stomach ulcers. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1988 for creating these drugs.
If You're Gone (Matchbox Twenty song)
Track listings
Australian maxi-CD single
Soursop
The soursop, also known as the zuurzak, is the fruit of the tree Annona muricata. The tree is from warm parts of the Americas. At first it was only found in the Caribbean islands, parts of Central America and parts of South America. Now it is grown in other warm and wet places, such as the Pacific Islands, Florida and Southeast Asia.
James Black
Early life and education
Black was born in Uddingston, Lanarkshire. He was the fourth of five sons of a Baptist family. His father was a mining engineer. He grew up in Fife. Black went to Beath High School, Cowdenbeath. At the age of 15, he won a scholarship to the University of St Andrews. At St Andrews, he studied medicine. He graduated in 1946.
Soursop
This fruit is large. It has a spiky green skin, which is not eaten. The inside of the fruit is white. It contains a sweet but sharp-tasting juice. The soursop contains black or brown seeds that are not eaten. The fruit can be eaten raw, or it can be made into juice for drinking. The juice is used to make candy and ice cream.
James Black
Early life and education
After graduating he joined the Physiology department at University College as an Assistant Lecturer. He later took a lecturer position at the University of Malaya. Black had decided against a career as a medical practitioner as he objected to what he perceived as the insensitive treatment of patients at the time.
Roth, Bavaria
Roth (the town was earlier called Roth bei Nürnberg) is a town in Bavaria, Germany, the capital of the Roth District. It is about 25 km south of Nuremberg.
James Black
Career
After graduation, Black took a teaching job in Singapore for three years. He moved to London in 1950. Later in 1950, he returned to Scotland. He joined the University of Glasgow (Veterinarian School). There that he became interesteed in how adrenaline affects the human heart. He was mainly interesting in how it affected people with angina. He found the effects of adrenaline did not help. He joined ICI Pharmaceuticals in 1958. He worked with the company until 1964. During this time, he created propranolol, which became the world's best-selling drug. While at ICI, Black developed a new way of doing research. Before this, drug molecules would be created and then tested to find in what ways the molecules could be used as medicine. Black chose to pick a medical use and then try to create the molecules for that medicine. The discovery of propranolol was said to be the greatest discovery in the treatment of heart disease since the discovery of digitalis.
Soursop
Some people use the soursop fruit or leaves as a medicine. Although the fruit contains sugars and a lot of vitamins, it may not be good to eat a lot of it. Scientists think that the soursop may make some people ill.
James Black
Career
At the same time, Black was trying to find a treatment for stomach ulcers. ICI did not wish to do this so Black stopped working for them in 1964. He joined Smith, Kline and French. He worked for them for nine years until 1973. While there, Black developed his second major drug, cimetidine. It was first sold under the brand name Tagamet in 1975. Tagamet soon outsold propranolol to become the world's largest-selling prescription drug.
Black became the department head of pharmacology at University College London in 1973. He created a new undergraduate course in medicinal chemistry. He had many problems trying to get money for research, so he quit. He went to work for Wellcome Research Laboratories in 1978. He worked there until 1984. Black then became Professor of Analytical Pharmacology at the Rayne Institute of King's College London medical school. He stayed there until 1992. He created the James Black Foundation in 1988 with money from Johnson and Johnson. He worked with 25 scientists in drugs research. This research included gastrin inhibitors which may stop some stomach cancers.
Black helped increase basic scientific and clinical knowledge in cardiology. His creation of propranolol is thought to be one of the most important contributions to clinical medicine and pharmacology of the 20th century. Propranolol has helped millions of people.
Honours and awards
Black was made a Knight Bachelor on 10 February 1981 for services to medical research. He received the honour from Queen Elizabeth II at Buckingham Palace. On 26 May 2000 he was appointed to the Order of Merit by the Queen.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1976. That same year he was awarded the Lasker award. In 1979, he was awarded the Artois-Baillet Latour Health Prize. In 1982 Black was awarded the Wolf Prize in Medicine. He was awarded the 1988 Nobel Prize in Medicine with Gertrude B. Elion and George H. Hitchings for their work on drug development. In 1994 he received the Ellison-Cliffe Medal from the Royal Society of Medicine.
Newport Beach, California
Newport Beach is a city in Orange County, California, California. It is 10 mi south of downtown Santa Ana. It became a city in 1906. The population was 85,287 at the 2010 census.
Climate
Newport Beach has a mid-latitude semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk) with Mediterranean (Csb) characteristics. Like many coastal cities in Los Angeles and Orange counties, Newport Beach exhibits weak temperature variation, both diurnally and seasonally, (however arctic like temperatures have been recorded every month of the year) compared to inland cities even a few miles from the ocean. The Pacific Ocean greatly moderates Newport Beach's climate by warming winter temperatures and cooling summer temperatures. Newport Beach does not receive enough precipitation to qualify as a true Mediterranean climate.
The highest temperature ever recorded at Newport Beach between 1977 and 1996 was 32.7°C (90.9°F) on 12 August 1991 and the lowest was -17.3°C (0.9°F) on 15 January 1996.
Westside Connection
Westside Connection was an American gangsta rap music group. The members were Mack 10, WC and Ice Cube. The group was formed in 1994. Their first album, Bow Down, reached #2 on the Billboard 200 chart in 1996.
The group released a second rap studio album, Terrorist Threats.
Peter Brötzmann
Peter Brötzmann (6 March 1941 – 22 June 2023) was a German free jazz saxophonist and clarinetist.
Brötzmann appeared on over 100 albums.
Brötzmann died on 22 June 2023, at the age of 82, at home in Wuppertal, Germany.
Warren Allen Smith
Warren Allen Smith (October 27, 1921 – January 9, 2017) was an American gay rights activist, writer and humanities humanist.
Career
In 1961, Smith started the Variety Recording Studio, a major independent company off Broadway, New York City, with his business partner and longtime companion Fernando Rodolfo de Jesus Vargas Zamora. Smith ran the company for almost thirty years (1961–90). In 1969, Smith participated in the Stonewall riots.
Smith was one of the signatories of the 1973 Humanist Manifesto II as well as the Humanist Manifesto III in 2003.
Death
Smith died on January 9, 2017 at the age of 95.
Slave breeding in the United States
Slave breeding was long a part of slavery. As in other slave countries, its purpose was to make more slaves. Slave breeding became more important in the United States the 19th century when the Atlantic slave trade ended. As with other commodities, scarcity caused the price of slaves to rise, so more slaves meant more money for their owners. Pregnancy was encouraged. Many slave masters mated with their own slaves to make more slave children. It produced mulatto children. White men who owned slaves would often rape black women.
History
For some states such as Virginia and North Carolina it was an export industry; they sold slaves to places where the price was higher, such as Alabama and Arkansas. Slave breeders favored woman slaves who could have large numbers of children. As with other livestock, breeders tried to improve the health and productivity of slaves. Breeders were approved in slave states because slaves were considered to be less than human, thus had no human rights. They were livestock, like horses or dogs.
Lyceum
The Lyceum was originally a public meeting place in classical Athens. It became the meeting place for the discussion group or "school" of Aristotle. He founded the Peripatetic school there in 334/335 BC. The school was called "peripatetic" because they used to walk around as they discussed things. It was more like a college for young adults than what we now call a school.
The word "Lyceum" now means a school in most parts of Europe. Usually, it covers the last two or three years and prepares the pupils for university.
Aristotle's school and library
The school started when Athens fell under Macedonian rule, and the 50-year old Aristotle returned from Asia. Aristotle had been the tutor of Alexander of Macedonia, Alexander the Great. In Athens, he began teaching regularly in the morning in the Lyceum. The group of scholars who took part came to be known as the Peripatetics.
Aristotle encouraged cooperative research. His students were given projects as part of their studies. The school was also student run. They elected a new student administrator every ten days, which allowed the students to become involved in turn.
During his conquests of Asian regions, Alexander collected plant and animal specimens for Aristotle’s research. Aristotle developed the first zoo and botanical garden in existence. Alexander may also have given money to the Lyceum. In 322 BC, Aristotle was forced to flee Athens with his family when the political leaders reacted against the Macedonians. Aristotle's published works supporting Macedonian rule left him a target. He passed on his Lyceum to Theophrastus and died later that year near his hometown.
Tim Paine
Timothy David Paine was born 8 December, 1984 in Hobart, Australia. He was an Australian cricketer who played 35 tests and 35 one-day internationals for Australia from 2010 to 2021 including captaining them in 23 tests from 2018 to 2021. He also played for Tasmania in the Sheffield Shield.
Bolus
In biology, a bolus (from the Latin word for ball), is a ball-shaped living thing.
In medicine, a bolus is a large amount of a drug given to patients to raise the blood level before treatment.
A bolus can also refer to a ball of food after it has been chewed. It passes down the oesophagus by peristalsis.
Continental Army
Congress elected George Washington as the commander-in-chief of the Continental Army when it was formed. He led the army until it was disbanded.
Philippe Jaccottet
Philippe Jaccottet (30 June 1925 – 24 February 2021) was a Swiss Francophone poet and translator. He was born in Moudon, Switzerland.
He translated the writings of Goethe, Hölderlin, Mann, Mandelstam, Góngora, Leopardi, Musil, Rilke, Homer and Ungaretti.
In 2014, Jaccottet became the fifteenth living author to be published in the prestigious Bibliothèque de la Pléiade.
Jaccottet died in Grignan, France, on 24 February 2021 at the age of 95.
England cricket team
The England cricket team is the team that represents England and Wales in international cricket. Since 1 January 1997 it has been governed by the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB), having been previously governed by Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) from 1903 until the end of 1996.
England and Australia were the first teams to play a Test match (between 15 and 19 March 1877). These two countries plus South Africa formed the Imperial Cricket Conference (predecessor to today's International Cricket Council) on 15 June 1909. England and Australia also played the first One Day International (ODI) on 5 January 1971. England's first Twenty20 International (T20I) was played on 13 June 2005, once more against Australia.
As of 25 January 2021, England has played 1,030 Test matches, winning 376 and losing 305 (with 349 draws). The team has won The Ashes on 32 occasions, the same number as their opponents Australia. England has also played 752 ODIs, winning 378, and its record in major ODI tournaments includes finishing as runners-up in three Cricket World Cups (1979, 1987 and 1992), and two ICC Champions Trophys (2004 and 2013). The team has played 126 T20Is, winning 64. They won the ICC World Twenty20 in 2010, and were runners-up in 2016.
England are currently ranked fourth in Tests, first in ODIs and first in T20Is by the ICC.
David Shulkin
David Jonathon Shulkin (born June 22, 1959) is an American physician and politician. Shulkin was the 9th United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs from February 14, 2017 to March 28, 2018. He served as Under Secretary of Health for the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. He was nominated by President Barack Obama on March 18, 2015 and sworn in on July 6, 2015.
On January 11, 2017, President-elect Donald Trump announced that he will nominate Shulkin to serve as United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
Medical career
He served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Beth Israel Medical Center in New York City. He also served as president of Morristown Medical Center and as vice president of Atlantic Health System Accountable Care Organization.
He has been Chief Medical Officer of the University of Pennsylvania Health System, the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Temple University Hospital, and the Medical College of Pennsylvania Hospital.
United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs (2017–2018)
On January 11, 2017, Shulkin was selected by President-elect Trump as Secretary of Veterans Affairs pending Senate confirmation. Shulkin resigned from a private sector position in 2015 to work in the Department of Veterans Affairs as the undersecretary of health.
On February 13, 2017, the Senate unanimously confirmed Shulkin as the U.S. Secretary of Veteran's Affairs with a 100-0 vote.
For President Trump's address to a Joint Session of Congress on February 28, 2017, Shulkin served as the designated survivor.
In September 2017, The Washington Post revealed that Shulkin spent nearly half his time on a recent international trip to Europe, covered by taxpayers, sightseeing and shopping with his wife, Merle Bari.
On March 28, 2018, President Trump fired Shulkin.
Personal life
Shulkin is married to Merle Bari.
Pitch (music)
In music, the pitch of a note means how high or low the note sounds. For example, a violin usually has a higher pitch than a string bass. Pitch mostly depends on the frequency of the sound — how fast the air vibrates back and forth. In physics, frequency is measured in a unit called Hertz. A note that is vibrating at 261 Hz will be caused by sound waves that vibrate at 261 times a second. This will be Middle C on the piano.
Some musicians have a sense of absolute pitch or perfect pitch. This means that they always know what note is being played, even without comparing it to another note. Having a sense of absolute pitch does not necessarily make someone a good musician, although it can be very useful.
There is evidence to suggest that well-known composers of classical music, such as Haydn, Beethoven, Mozart, and Bach, had developed and perhaps even mastered their sense of pitch.
Pitch is not exactly the same as frequency. Frequency is used as a scientific means for measuring and changing sound and its possible pitches. Pitch is a more psychological quality. It depends on how the ear perceives sounds, and how the brain interprets them.
Royal Victoria DLR station
Royal Victoria Station is on the Docklands Light Railway (DLR) in East London, England. It opened on 28 March 1994 and is named after the nearby Royal Victoria Dock. It is on the DLR's Beckton branch, in Travelcard Zone 3.
Heinrich Brüning
Heinrich Aloysius Maria Elisabeth Brüning (26 November 1885 in Münster – 30 March 1970 in Norwich, Vermont) was a German politician during the Weimar Republic. Between 1930 and 1932 he was the Chancellor of Germany.
Brüning opposed Nazism and stayed during the Nazi period in the United States, where he taught political science, after the war also in Germany.
Bernhard Lippert
Bernhard Lippert (7 October 1904 – 10 October 1946) was a German diplomat. He was the nephew of the founder of the Nazi Sturmabteilung (SA), Ernst Röhm.
He was a member of the NSDAP. In 1934 he became the Attaché for Eastern Europe. On May 8, 1934 he became a commissar in the German consulate in Geneva.
Franz Ritter von Epp
Franz Ritter von Epp (October 16, 1868 in Munich – December 31, 1946 in Munich) was a German politician and a military officer in the German Empire.
Between 1928 and 1945 he was a member of the German Reichstag. From 1933 to 1945 he was the Reichsstatthalter of Bavaria.
List of national drinks
A National drink is a distinct beverage that is strongly associated with a particular country, and can be part of their national identity and self-image.
Oesophagus
The oesophagus (or esophagus) is also called the gullet. It is the part of the gastrointestinal system between the mouth and the stomach. It connects the pharynx and the stomach. It is about 25 cm long.
The oesophagus is lined with muscle, and is lubricated. Its muscle pushes food down into the stomach. The oesophagus can contract or expand to allow for the passage of food. The muscular movement that pushes the food down the oesophagus is called peristalsis. At the entrance to the stomach there is a ring of muscle called a sphincter. This is usually closed, but relaxes as food approaches, allowing it to enter the stomach. In the stomach, the food is churned until it turns into a soupy mixture called chyme.
Gary Halpin
Gary Halpin (14 February 1966 – 23 February 2021) was an Irish rugby union international player. He played as a prop for Wanderers F.C., Leinster, London Irish, Harlequins and the Irish national rugby union team. He was born in Dublin.
Halpin died on 23 February 2021 in Dublin, aged 55.
Meadowlawn (Alabama)
Meadowlawn is an antebellum (before the American Civil War) plantation house built in the Greek revival style. It is located in Lowndesboro, Alabama. The house is a two-story frame house with 13 fluted Doric columns on two sides. There are balconies over both main entrance doors with wrought iron railings.
Meadowlawn was built in 1853 for Squire George Thomas (1797-1867). The house was later sold to Fort Williamson. In 1905 the house was sold to Ransom Meadows (1846-1940). He was the last surviving Confederate veteran in Lowndes County. His daughter, Aline Meadows, (1880-1979) married Robert Bragg Hagood on April 3, 1907. Ransom Meadows deeded the house to the Hagoods. Mrs. Hagood named the house Meadowlawn. She lived in the house until her death at age 99. The house still remains in the Hagood family. It is a contributing property of the Lowndesboro Historic District. The District was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 12, 1973.
People Before Profit
People Before Profit (PBP) is a minor political party in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. They are neutral on whether Northern Ireland should join the Republic of Ireland or stay in the United Kingdom and are on the left wing, supporting socialism. They have 4 out of 160 seats in the Dáil Éireann and 1 of 90 seats in the Northern Ireland Assembly.
Varna, Bulgaria
Varna (Варна) is a port city on the Black Sea in Bulgaria and is the third-most populous city in the country, after Sofia and Plovdiv. In 2017, the city has 336,505 people.
Adenomus
Adenomus is a small genus of true toads. It only has three species. These all live in Sri Lanka. Adenomus kandianus was thought to be extinct for 133 years. It was rediscovered in October 2009 in the Kandy area.
Chak Malook
Chak Malook is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is part of Chakwal Tehsil and is located at 32°58'0N 72°57'0E.
Smiths Ferry, Idaho
Smiths Ferry is a census-designated place (CDP) in Valley County, Idaho, United States. As of the 2010 census, there were 75 people living there.
Takobeya (Japanese bureaucrats)
Takobeya is a room. When Japanese bureaucrats make a new law, they establish a takobeya. In general, 5-6 bureaucrats are gathered in takobeya to make a new law. Mainly a takobeya is changed from a conference room in the buildings of central government ministries.
Originally, takobeya means an accommodation hut for harsh labors at construction sites in the Meiji period. The work of bureaucrats in takobeya for laws are so harsh that bureaucrats call their room "Takobeya".
Terry Ellis
Terry Ellis (born September 5, 1963 in Houston, Texas, U.S.) is an African-American R&B singer best known for her work with the quartet En Vogue.
Augustin Pajou
Augustin Pajou (19 September 1730 – 8 May 1809) was a French sculptor. He is known for his portraits of celebrities.
Biography
Augustin Pajou was born in Paris. He studied sculpture with Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne the Younger. At the age of 18, he wins the Prix de Rome.
Dennis Rodman
Dennis Keith Rodman (born May 13, 1961) played basketball in the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1986 to 2000. He won two championships with the Detroit Pistons and three more with the Chicago Bulls. Even though he was only 6'7" tall, many people think he was the best rebounder in NBA history. He led the NBA in rebounding for a record seven straight seasons. Only Wilt Chamberlain led the NBA in rebounding for more total seasons in a career.  Rodman has the highest rebound rate since the statistic began in 1970-71.  Although Rodman began his career as a bench player, he holds the highest rebounds per game average since offensive and defensive rebounds began in 1973-74.  When he became a full-time starter, Rodman often got more rebounds than the other team's starting players got combined.  He could predict where missed shots would go and knew how to tip the ball to himself for a rebound.  Rodman watched film of player's shots to become a better rebounder.  Rodman is also known as one of the greatest defensive players of all time, and not just for his defensive rebounds, but his hustle defense. During his time with the Detroit Pistons, Rodman was considered by many to be the best defensive basketball player in the world (Hakeem Olajuwon was the other main contender for the title), as highlighted by his back-to-back NBA Defensive Player of the Year Awards in 1990 and 1991.
Rodman was famous for dyeing his hair different colors and having many tattoos and body piercings, which he began to have after being traded by the Detroit Pistons. He has been in a few movies and television programs.
His nicknames are Worm (later called The Worm), Dennis the Menace, D-Rod, Rodzilla (which he named himself towards the end of the Bulls championship dynasty), Demolition Man, and El Loco (given to him by Spanish-language announcers, which translates as "The Madman").
Anna Wintour
Dame Anna Wintour CH DBE  (born 3 November 1949) is the English editor-in-chief of American Vogue, a position she has held since 1988.
Life
Anna Wintour stopped going to school at 16 and started her career in fashion. She worked on magazines in America called New York and Home & Garden. She then went back to Britain and worked on a British magazine known as Vogue. She later worked on the American version, making them both more popular and successful. Wintour supports young fashion designers and is sometimes called "Nuclear Wintour" because of her demanding personality.
The Devil Wears Prada
It is thought that Anna Wintour was the inspiration behind the demanding editor, Miranda Priestly, in the novel The Devil Wears Prada. The author of the book, Lauren Weisberger, had worked as the personal assistant of Anna Wintour at Vogue. It has been suggested that the setting and Priestly were based on Vogue and Wintour, but Weisberger denies this, and says that Wintour is given her own appearance near the end of the book.
The similarities between Priestly and Wintour are:
Before the book started selling, Wintour told the New York Times, "I always enjoy a great piece of fiction. I haven't decided whether I am going to read it or not."
Ugly Betty
It is also said that a character in the TV series of Ugly Betty is based on Wintour. The character Fey Sommers, is very similar to Anna Wintour:
Wintour is also mentioned in Ugly Betty when Wilhelmina Slater is going to get a better job at MODE (the magazine) after Bradford Meade is arrested. She does not accept a lunch invitation from Anna Wintour, saying she should have called back in 1998, not 2007.
Politics
Wintour has been a supporter of the Democratic Party going back to Hillary Clinton's 2000 Senate run and John Kerry's 2004 presidential run and serving Barack Obama's 2008 and 2012 presidential runs as a lot of contributions. In 2008 and 2012, she co-hosted fundraisers with Sarah Jessica Parker, the latter being a 50-person, $40,000-a-plate dinner at Parker's West Village town house with Meryl Streep, Michael Kors, and Trey Laird, an advertising executive, among the attendees. She has also teamed with Calvin Klein and Harvey Weinstein on fundraisers during Obama's first term and Donna Karan has been amongst the attendees.
Atelopus
Atelopus, commonly known as harlequin frogs, is a large genus of true toads. They live in Central and South America. They go as far north as Costa Rica and as far south as Bolivia. Atelopus are small, generally brightly colored and diurnal. Most species live near mid- to high-elevation streams. Many species are now considered endangered, while others already are extinct. The cause of these declines mostly appears to be the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis.
New Atelopus species are discovered with some regularity. Many new species have been described in the last ten years.
Coconut water
Coconut water is the liquid inside young coconuts. Coconut water is a popular drink in tropical islands especially in tropical Asia, Pacific Islands, and the Caribbean. It is packaged and sold. It is sometimes sold as a sports drink, but not everyone agrees that it should be called a sports drink. Coconuts hold the most water when they are young and green. Coconuts in different parts of the world do not taste the same. Pakistani Coconuts are salty, and Brazilian Coconuts have sweeter water. The water inside dark brown rotted coconuts is bitter.
Dani Filth
Dani Filth (born Daniel Lloyd Davey, born 25 July 1973) is an English singer. He is the founder and lead singer of the extreme metal band Cradle of Filth.
Taung Child
The Taung Child is a fossil of a skull. The skull also has an imprint of the brain. It belongs to an Australopithecus africanus. It was discovered in 1924 by a quarryman working for the Northern Lime Company in Taung, South Africa. Raymond Dart, an anatomist at the University of Witwatersrand, looked at the fossil, and saw its importance. Dart published his account in the journal Nature in 1925, describing it as a new species.
Dani Filth
He co-wrote a book with Gavin Baddeley titled The Gospel of Filth which documented the history of the band. He also appeared in the movie Cradle of Fear where he portrayed The Man. He has been accused of being a Satanist, but denounced the claims and said that he was "more of a Luciferian". He was ranked at #95 in the Top 100 Heavy Metal Vocalists by Hit Parader.
Taung Child
Description
Taung Child is believed to have been about three years old at the time of its death. It was a creature standing 3' 6" (105 cm) at approximately 20-24 pounds. Taung Child had a cranial capacity of 340 cc, living mainly in a savanna habitat. Examinations of Taung Child compared to that of an equivalent 9-year-old child suggest that A. africanus had a growth rate to adolescence which is about the same as that found in modern apes like chimpanzees rather than that of modern Homo sapiens. However, later species such as Homo ergaster/Homo erectus went through growth at rates between modern humans and apes. The evidence has mostly been based on that of Turkana boy discovered in 1984.
In early 2006 it was announced that the Taung Child was likely killed by an eagle (or similar large predatory bird). This conclusion was reached by noting similarities in the damage to the skull and eye sockets of the Taung Child to the skulls of primates known to have been killed by modern eagles.
The left hand side of the endocast of the Taung child is covered in beautiful calcium carbonate crystals.
History
Its significance lies in the fact that this was the first of the fossils which had been found in the twenties and thirties to provide evidence that humans indeed have a 'natural history' all of their own – just as Darwin had predicted.
The skull is now in repository at the University of Witwatersrand.
Mobile County, Alabama
Mobile County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. It is named after a tribe of Native Americans, the Maubila tribe. As of 2020, 414,809 people lived there. Its county seat is Mobile. The entire county is included in the Mobile metropolitan statistical area.
Government
The county-wide government is a 3 member district county commission which represents both the unincorporated residents and the residents of other municipalities.
Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1644 sqmi, of which 1229 sqmi is land and 415 sqmi (25.2%) is water.
Demographics
The census of 2020 said that there were 414,809 people, 155,946 households, and 97,398 families families living in the county. The population density was 250 people per square mile (97/km²).
The racial makeup of the county was 55.3% White and 35.3% Black or African American.
Municipalities
Cities (2020 population)
Towns (2020 population)
Unincorporated communities
Census-designated places (2020 population)
Other communities
Tromsdalstinden
Tromsdalstinden is a mountain in Tromsø Municipality in Norway, with an elevation of 1,238 meters. The mountain is located at the southern end of the Tromsdalen valley, just southeast of the city of Tromsø. The Norwegian name Tromsdalstinden means "the peak above Tromsdalen," while the Sámi name is made up from the parts Sálaš and Oaivi, with the first word meaning a good hunting area, and the second meaning a rounded mountain without jagged peaks.
Mobile County, Alabama
Education
Most of the public schools in Mobile County are operated by the Mobile County Public School System.
Tromsdalstinden
The mountain is a popular hiking destination and can be summited from the suburb Tromsdalen or from Ramfjorden. The slopes up are not technically difficult, though fog and rain can make the ascent complicated for those not familiar with the terrain. Skiers usually take the Fjellheisen aerial tramway to Mount Storsteinen and begin their ascent from there.
In 2003, plans to build an alpine skiing facility on the slopes of Tromsdalstinden for the 2014 Winter Olympics were proposed. However, this sparked immediate protests from some Sámi activists who claimed that Tromsdalstinden has been a Sámi sacred mountain since ancient times. The Sami Parliament enacted a resolution declaring it a holy mountain in 2004, and the plans were discontinued.
While some argue that Tromsdalstinden was made a holy mountain in recent times as part of Sámi identity politics, others believe that it has been sacred at one point before Christianization. The mountain bears the significant feature of a traditional sacred mountain, dominating the landscape due to its shape and/or height. Although the classic Sámi religion is dead, the mountain remains of cultural significance to modern Sámi, and their commitment to preserving it displays its intense cultural significance to their ancestors.
Emma Gapchenko
Emma Vasilyevna Gapchenko (Эмма Васильевна Гапченко; 24 February 1938 – 6 December 2021) was Russian archer. She won three gold medals at the world championships in 1969–73 and a bronze medal at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
She died on 6 December 2021, at the age of 83.
Orsingen-Nenzingen
Orsingen-Nenzingen is a municipality in the district of Konstanz in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.
It is made up of two villages: Nenzingen and Orsingen.
Valserres
Valserres is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department.
Sam Shepard
Samuel Shepard Rogers III (November 5, 1943 – July 27, 2017) was an American playwright, actor, and television and movie director. He is the author of several books. He received the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1979 for his play Buried Child. Shepard was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his portrayal of pilot Chuck Yeager in The Right Stuff (1983).
Death
Shepard died on July 27, 2017 at his home in Midway, Kentucky from complications of ALS, aged 73.
Maslianico
Maslianico is a comune in the Province of Como in the Italian region of Lombardy.
Cream cheese
Cream cheese is a soft, mild-tasting, white cheese. Sometimes, it is given extra flavor by adding additional seasonings such as puréed garlic, chopped dill, or chopped olives; as well, some cream cheese has small pieces of fruit or other sweet food blended into it. Cream cheese is different from other cheese in that it is not allowed time to mature. It is either made by cream or a mixture of milk and cream.
Serving
Cream cheese is often spread on toasted bagels. Waffles with cream cheese and salsa is eaten in some areas of the United States.
Kumla Municipality
Kumla Municipality (Kumla kommun) is a municipality in Örebro County in central Sweden. The seat is in Kumla.
Takna Jigme Sangpo
Takna Jigme Sangpo (1926 – 17 October 2020) was the longest-serving political prisoner of Tibetan ethnicity. He spent 37 years in a prison near Lhasa.
He was first imprisoned in 1965, he was released from prison on a medical parole on 31 March 2002 having reached the age of 76. He resided in the Drapchi Prison.
Salting (food)
Salting is similar to pickling. In pickling, food is treated with brine. The main types of food that are salted are fish and meat. Bacon is an example of salted meat. It was discovered in the 19th century that salt mixed with nitrites (saltpeter) would color meats red, rather than grey, and consumers at that time then strongly preferred the red-colored meat. The food hence preserved stays healthy and fresh for days avoiding bacterial decay.
Salting is one of the ancient ways to preserve food.
Protease
A protease is a digestive enzyme. It breaks down long chains of proteins into shorter amino acids. Proteases have evolved a number of times. We know this because different kinds of protease can do the same reaction in completely different ways. Proteases are found in animals, plants, bacteria, archaea and viruses.
Now more than 50 types of protease are known. Each is a separate evolutionary origin of proteolysis.
Protease can be divided into 6 types :
Leakey, Texas
Leakey is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Real County.
Choa Ganj Ali Shah
Choa Ganj Ali Shah is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Chakwal Tehsil and is located at 32°49'0N 73°6'0E.
Manlio Rocchetti
His career started in 1960 and he has continued working on makeup with most recently in 2012. He often works with Martin Scorsese.
Mike Cross
Mike Cross (born in 1946) is an American singer and guitar player.
Manlio Rocchetti
He also won an Emmy for the makeup in Lonesome Dove.
Mike Cross
Early life
Cross was born in Maryville, Tennessee, he started playing guitar when he was at college at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Style
Cross plays acoustic blues and novelty songs. He also plays funny songs like "The Scotsman" and "The Drunkard". He describes himself as a "wandering hillbilly hippie folk singer."
Alexander I of Russia
Alexander I of Russia (Александр I Павлович, Aleksandr I Pavlovich) (23 December 1777 – 1 December 1825), also known as Alexander the Blessed (Александр Благословенный, Aleksandr Blagoslovennyi) was Emperor of Russia from 23 March 1801 to 1 December 1825 and the first Russian King of Poland from 1815 to 1825. He was also the first Russian Grand Duke of Finland and Lithuania.
He was born in Saint Petersburg to Grand Duke Paul Petrovich, later Emperor Paul I, and Maria Feodorovna, daughter of the Duke of Württemberg. He succeeded to the throne after his father was murdered, and ruled Russia during the Napoleonic Wars.
His sudden death in Taganrog, under allegedly suspicious circumstances, caused the spread of the rumours that Alexander did not die in 1825, but disappeared to live the rest of his life in anonymity.
Early life and throne ascension
Alexander was born in 23th December (O.S. 12 December) 1777 in Saint Petersburg. He was the eldest son of Tsar Paul I and one of Catherine the Great's grandchildren. In 1801, he began to reign Russia after his father Paul I was murdered.
Private life
On 9 October 1793, Alexander married Louise of Baden, known as Elisabeth Alexeyevna after her conversion to the Orthodox Church. He later told his friend Frederick William III that the marriage, a political match devised by his grandmother, Catherine the Great, regrettably proved to be a misfortune for him and his wife. Their two children of the marriage died young.
Alexander had nine illegitimate children.
George Munsey
Henry George Munsey is a cricketer from England. Munsey plays for the Scotland national cricket team. He was born on February 21, 1993.