cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Carbocation
A carbocation is an ion with a positively-charged carbon atom. The charged carbon atom in a carbocation is a "sextet" (that is, it has only six electrons in its outer valence shell instead of eight valence electrons.) Carbon atoms with eight valence electrons have the maximum stability (octet rule). Therefore, carbocations are often reactive, seeking to fill the octet of valence electrons as well as regain a neutral charge. Logic would say that carbocation have sp3 hybridization with an empty sp3 orbital giving positive charge. However, the reactivity of a carbocation more closely resembles sp2 hybridization with a trigonal planar molecular geometry.
Billy Connolly
Sir William "Billy" Connolly CBE (born 24 November 1942) is a Scottish actor, comedian and musician. Sometimes, he is known as The Big Yin (The Big One in Scottish).
Early and personal life
Connolly was born at home in Anderston, Glasgow. He grew up in a tenement in the same inner-city area. Connolly has five children. He is married to Pamela Stephenson, the mother of his three youngest children.
In 2013, he was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease and had surgery for prostate cancer. In January 2019, Connolly said he was "nearing the end of his life" as his Parkinson's advanced.
Career
Connolly has acted in many movies including: Indecent Proposal (1993), Mrs. Brown (1997), The Boondock Saints (1999), The Debt Collector (1999), The Man Who Sued God (2001), The Last Samurai (2003) and Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events (2004). He provided his voice for the movies Open Season (2006) and Brave (2012).
Connolly has been repeatedly voted Britain's best comedian by television viewers. He is also a folk musician and television presenter.
Connolly was nominated for a BAFTA award for his role in the movie Mrs. Brown. He was given a CBE in 2003.
Mariano Rajoy
Mariano Rajoy Brey (born 27 March 1955) is the former Prime Minister of Spain. His party, the Popular Party (Partido Popular, PP) won the elections in 2011. He won his re-election campaign in the 2016 election. His party had many corruption scandals and because of this a lot of people in Spanish congress voted to quit him from presidency on June 1, 2018 and put Pedro Sánchez in his place.
Carbocation
Definitions
A carbocation was previously often called a carbonium ion but chemists question the exact meaning. In present-day chemistry, a carbocation is any positively charged carbon atom. Two special types have been suggested: carbenium ions are trivalent and carbonium ions are pentavalent or hexavalent. University level textbooks only discuss carbocations as if they are carbenium ions, or discuss carbocations with a fleeting reference to the older phrase of carbonium ion or carbenium and carbonium ions. One textbook to this day stays with the older name of carbonium ion for carbenium ion and reserves the phrase hypervalent carbenium ion for CH5+.
History
In 1891, G. Merling reported that he added bromine to tropylidene (cycloheptatriene) and then heated the product to obtain a crystalline, water soluble material,. He did not suggest a structure for it; however Doering and Knox convincingly showed that it was tropylium (cycloheptatrienylium) bromide. This ion is predicted to be aromatic by the Hückel Rule.
In 1902, Norris and Kehrman independently discovered that colorless triphenylmethanol gave deep yellow solutions in concentrated sulfuric acid. Triphenylmethyl chloride similarly formed orange complexes with aluminium and tin chlorides. In 1902, Adolf von Baeyer recognized the salt-like character of the compounds formed.
He called the relationship between color and salt formation halochromy of which malachite green is a prime example.
Carbocations are reactive intermediates in many organic reactions. This idea, first proposed by Julius Stieglitz in 1899 was further developed by Hans Meerwein in his 1922 study of the Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement. Carbocations were also found to be involved in the SN1 reaction, the E1 reaction, and in rearrangement reactions such as the Whitmore 1,2 shift. The chemical establishment was reluctant to accept the notion of a carbocation and for a long time the Journal of the American Chemical Society refused articles that mentioned them. The first NMR spectrum of a stable carbocation in solution was published by Doering et al. in 1958. It was the heptamethylbenzenonium ion, made by treating hexamethylbenzene with methyl chloride and aluminium chloride. The stable 7-norbornadienyl cation was prepared by Story et al. in 1960 by reacting norbornadienyl chloride with silver tetrafluoroborate in sulfur dioxide at −80 °C. The NMR spectrum established that it was non-classically bridged (the first stable non-classical ion observed).
In 1962, Olah directly observed the tert-butyl carbocation by nuclear magnetic resonance as a stable species on dissolving tert-butyl fluoride in magic acid. The NMR of the norbornyl cation was first reported by Schleyer et al. and it was shown to undergo proton-scrambling over a barrier by Saunders et al.
Properties
In organic chemistry, a carbocation is often the target of nucleophilic attack by nucleophiles like hydroxyl (OH−) ions or halogen ions.
Carbocations are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary depending on the number of carbon atoms bonded to the ionized carbon. Primary carbocations have one or zero carbons attached to the ionized carbon, secondary carbocations have two carbons attached to the ionized carbon, and tertiary carbocations have three carbons attached to the ionized carbon.
Stability of the carbocation increases with the number of alkyl groups bonded to the charge-bearing carbon. Tertiary carbocations are more stable (and form more readily) than secondary carbocations; primary carbocations are highly unstable because, while ionized higher-order carbons are stabilized by hyperconjugation, unsubstituted (primary) carbons are not. Therefore, reactions such as the SN1 reaction and the E1 elimination reaction normally do not occur if a primary carbocation would be formed. An exception to this occurs when there is a carbon-carbon double bond next to the ionized carbon. Such cations as allyl cation CH2=CH–CH2+ and benzyl cation C6H5–CH2+ are more stable than most other carbocations. Molecules which can form allyl or benzyl carbocations are especially reactive.
Carbocations undergo rearrangement reactions from less stable structures to equally stable or more stable ones with rate constants in excess of 109/sec. This fact complicates synthetic pathways to many compounds. For example, when 3-pentanol is heated with aqueous HCl, the initially formed 3-pentyl carbocation rearranges to a statistical mixture of the 3-pentyl and 2-pentyl. These cations react with chloride ion to produce about 1/3 3-chloropentane and 2/3 2-chloropentane.
Some carbocations such as the norbornyl cation exhibit more or less symmetrical three centre bonding. Cations of this sort have been referred to as non-classical ions. The energy difference between "classical" carbocations and "non-classical" isomers is often very small, and there is generally little, if any activation energy involved in the transition between "classical" and "non-classical" structures. The "non-classical" form of the 2-butyl carbocation is essentially 2-butene with a proton directly above the centre of what would be the carbon-carbon double bond. "Non-classical" carbocations were once the subject of great controversy. One of George Olah's greatest contributions to chemistry was resolving this controversy.
Specific carbocations
Cyclopropylcarbinyl cations can be studied by NMR:
In the NMR spectrum of a dimethyl derivative, two nonequivalent signals are found for the two methyl groups indicating that the molecular conformation of this cation not perpendicular (as in A) but is bisected (as in B) with the empty p-orbital and the cyclopropyl ring system in the same plane:
In terms of bent bond theory, this preference is explained by assuming favorable orbital overlap between the filled cyclopropane bent bonds and the empty p-orbital.
Other websites
Www.ncertnic.in
Johnstone
Johnstone (Johnstoun, Baile Iain) is a town in the council area of Renfrewshire, Scotland.
Greifensee, Switzerland
Greifensee is a town in the district of Uster in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.
Sioux Rapids, Iowa
Sioux Rapids is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Sioux City, Iowa
Sioux City is a city in Iowa, United States. It is located in Woodbury County and Plymouth County, and is the county seat of Woodbury County. Sioux City is the fourth-largest city in Iowa, with a population of 82,684 at the 2010 census. The city sits near two major rivers, the Missouri River and the Big Sioux River.
Slater, Iowa
Slater is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Sioux City, Iowa
Other websites
Sioux City website
Taco Grande
"Taco Grande" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of Gerardo's song "Rico Suave". It is about the singer wanting Mexican food and his visit to a fake Mexican restaurant. It was released in the 1992 album Off the Deep End.
List of rivers of Arizona
This is a list of rivers in Arizona:
Jaitugi
Jaitugi Ahira also Jaitugi Abhira, Jaitugi Yadava, Jaitrapala, was a ruler of the Seuna (Yadava) dynasty of Deccan region in India.
Buick Century
The Buick Century is a car made from the 1936–1942, 1954–1958 and 1973–2005 model years.
It is a full-size car from 1936–1942 and 1954–1958 and a mid-size car from 1973–2005.
Kim Yoo-jin (footballer, born 1983)
Kim You-Jin (born 19 June 1983) is a South Korean professional athlete. He is best known as an association football player.
Club career statistics
53||2||5||0||18||1||76||3 40||3||1||0||colspan="2"|-||41||3 93||5||6||0||18||1||117||6
Little ground squirrel
The little ground squirrel (Spermophilus pygmaeus) is a species of rodent in the Sciuridae family. It is found in Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.
Sherlock Holmes
Sherlock Holmes is a character from books written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. His most famous story was The Hound of the Baskervilles.
Little ground squirrel
The Caucasian mountain ground squirrel, Spermophilus musicus, was previously a subspecies, but is now a separate species.
Sherlock Holmes
Sherlock Holmes was "born" on 6th January 1861, and for more than 100 years his name has been known in every country of the world; and not only his name, but his appearance too. The hawk-like features and piercing eyes; the dressing-gown and pipe; the unusual cap and magnifying glass - these details are so familiar that if he were to appear amongst us today we should know him at once.
Little ground squirrel
This species is diurnal and lives in grassland, uncultivated ground, field edges and roadside verges. It avoids areas with dense long vegetation. It lives in colonies and builds burrows. It makes permanent burrows for hibernation and reproduction and temporary burrows for shelter. Before hibernation, all exits from the burrow are plugged by soil. In March or April the entrances are opened, the burrows cleaned and new construction starts. It uses mounds on the surface as look-out points.
Sherlock Holmes
The science of deduction
In the second part of the story A Study in Scarlet, Sherlock Holmes's method is explained in detail. He is the only Consulting Detective in the world and his "science of detection" is based on analysis and deduction, figuring things out from things he already knows. He is especially good at backwards reasoning (inference or abduction). From the scratches around on an old watch, he decides the man drinks a lot; in another case seeing the man's clothes are respectable but worn, he thinks the man was once successful, but has fallen on hard times and taken to drink.
Sherlock Holmes does not know a lot about literature, philosophy, astronomy and politics but he knows a lot about chemistry. He also seems to know every detail of every horror that took place in the 19th century. But from the first interaction with Dr. Watson we could infer that he is very good in botany, geology and sensational literature.
Sherlock Holmes' brother
Mycroft Holmes is Sherlock Holmes' brother. He works for the government and according to Sherlock, his brother Mycroft's powers of deduction are even better than his own, and often Mycroft's word has decided national policy. Sometimes, Sherlock goes to his brother to ask for advice on some little problem. In Sherlock's own words, Mycroft is the British government.
Sherlock Holmes' arch enemy
Professor James Moriarty is Sherlock Holmes' arch enemy (chief enemy). Moriarty commits many crimes. He is a mathematical genius and worked at a small English university, before he quit and moved to London. There he became the center of organized crime (the mob) and the object of Sherlock Holmes's investigative power who considered the professor his intellectual equal. Sherlock Holmes vs (against) Moriarty represents one of the greatest battles of wits (shrewdness, intelligence, smartness) in the history of the world. Holmes spoke often of Moriarty's genius in admiration in spite of (not considering) the horror of the crimes. He spoke well of Moriarty without taking into consideration the evil side of his nature. Among Holmes other foes is Moriarty's Chief assassin Colonel Sebastian Moran ["The Adventure of the Empty House']; Dr Grimesby Roylott; ["The Adventure of the Speckled Band  ]; Roger Baskerville aka Jack Stapleton ["The Hound of the Baskervilles"]; Charles Augustus Milverton ["The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton"]; John Clay ["The Adventure of the Red headed League  ] and Irene Adler ["A Scandal in Bohemia"]
The women in his life
His landlady Mrs. Hudson who was genuinely fond of him.
He showed his attentiveness to Violet Hunter. He was courteous and considerate to all women.
He posed as a plumber in his wooing (courtship) of Charles Augustus Millerton's housemaid.
He was never really involved emotionally with a woman. In his own words, "I have never loved..."
In ''A Scandal in Bohemia", the only case in which he fails, appears the only woman he considered his equal intellectually and the only woman who ever defeated him. Her name is Irene Adler. She was born in New Jersey and was an opera singer. She had a love affair (romance) with the king of Bohemia.
Honors
With the exception of stories published by his assistant Dr John H Watson, Holmes' name rarely appears in newspapers in connection with a case [i.e. A Study in Scarlet being the exception]. He has however accepted several honors during his lifetime. His most significant award to be received is the Legion of Honor decoration from the French Government for capturing an assassin. From Queen Victoria he declined a knighthood but accepted an emerald tiepin. From the Hereditary King of Bohemia he received an antique gold snuffbox. From the royal family of the Netherlands he received an expensive ring.
Books
Some Sherlock Holmes books are:
Jumanji
Jumanji is a 1995 American fantasy adventure comedy movie starring Robin Williams, which was based loosely on a 1982 children's book of the same name by Chris Van Allsburg. It is about a boy who gets trapped in a game for 30 years, and must finish playing the game when he gets out. Other stars include Kirsten Dunst, David Alan Grier, Bonnie Hunt, Bradley Pierce, Jonathan Hyde, and Bebe Neuwirth. In the "Flying Hunter Van Pelt" scene, Roland D-50's PN-D50-02 patch "Fast Forward" was heard.
The game in the movie (titled Jumanji) has been made into a real game.
1080p
1080p refers to a level of high definition. It is the highest level of high definition that most high definition televisions can show. The number 1080 means there are 1,080 lines of color going from left to right in each picture on the screen. The p means progressive scan (every picture has all the lines every time). 1080p is almost always widescreen.
List of rivers of Arkansas
This is a list of rivers in Arkansas:
Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel
The Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel (CBBT) is a combination bridge and tunnel in the U.S. state of Virginia. It is 23 mi long. It crosses the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay. It connects the Delmarva Peninsula's eastern shore with Virginia Beach and the metropolitan area of Hampton Roads, Virginia.
You Don't Love Me Anymore ("Weird Al" Yankovic song)
"You Don't Love Me Anymore" is an original song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It was released for the album Off the Deep End in 1992. It is written as a soft ballad. It describes Yankovic and an unnamed girl's relationship. The couple were in love, but the girl has tried to kill Yankovic many times. She had done things like poison his coffee, leaving him for dead in a ditch, and putting a cobra in his underwear drawer. The humor in this song is the lyrics and the delivery.
Sigourney, Iowa
Sigourney (pronounced "SIGG-ur-nee") is a city in Keokuk County, Iowa, United States. At the 2012 census, 2,059 people lived there. It is the county seat of Keokuk County.
History
Keokuk County was opened for white people to live in, in 1843. The town got its start in 1844 when S.A. James built the first cabin there. Other families began to settle there as well, and in 1844, the town was named by county commissioner Dr. George H. Stone, in honour of a popular poet named Lydia Sigourney. A large oil-painted portrait of Lydia is still in the foyer of the county courthouse.
Geography
Sigourney's longitude and latitude coordinates in decimals are 41.333244, -92.203220.
The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of 2.2 square miles (5.6 km²). All of it is land.
Government
Sigourney is represented by Leonard Boswell in the United States House of Representatives.
Sunapee, New Hampshire
Sunapee is a town in the U.S. state of New Hampshire.
Alkyl
Alkyl is a group of chemicals with carbon atoms. They are like alkanes but they have one fewer hydrogen atom. An alkyl is a piece of a molecule that makes it do or act a certain way. Alkyls have only carbon and hydrogen atoms, in a chain.
Alkyl groups have this formula: C n H 2n+1, where n can be any number so long as it is the same one. (For example, if there are two carbons, there must be four hydrogens because 2*2=4.)
Zimmerwald
Zimmerwald was a municipality in Seftigen in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2004 the municipalities Zimmerwald and Englisberg joined together to become the new municipality, Wald.
Nava Ebrahimi
Nava Ebrahimi (born 1978 in Tehran) is a German writer living in Austria. She won a 2017 Austrian Book Prize.
Life
She studied journalism and economics in Cologne. She worked as a journalist for the Financial Times Deutschland and the Cologne City Revue. She was a consultant for the Federal Agency for Foreign Trade. In 2007 she was a finalist in the Open Mike literary award. In 2013 she was in the Bavarian Academy of Writing.
For her first novel Sixteen Words, she won the €10,000 debut prize of the 2017 Austrian Book Award. In 2020 she published her second novel, Das Paradies meines Nachbarn, about Ali Najjar.
In 2018 she was invited to the New Literature Festival in New York City.
The Marshall Mathers LP
The Marshall Mathers LP is the third studio album by American rapper, Eminem. The Marshall Mathers LP was released on May 23, 2000 and was produced by Dr. Dre, Mel-Man, Bass Brothers, Eminem and The 45 King. The Marshall Mathers LP 2, the sequel to The Marshall Mathers LP, was released on November 5, 2013.
Track listing
Credits adapted from the album's liner notes and Tidal
Reception
It was widely praised by music and hip-hop critics, and is considered one of the greatest hip hop albums of all time. The album was given 5 out of 5 stars by Allmusic/
Castries
Castries is the capital city of Saint Lucia. Saint Lucia is an island in the Windward Islands, which is part of the Caribbean. Castries has a population of about 3,600 people, about 16,000 live near the city. Castries is known for its port. The main products shipped from there include bananas, sugarcane and rum.
Mario Strikers Charged
Mario Strikers Charged Football (called Mario Strikers Charged in North America) is a 2007 football video game made by Next Level Games and published by Nintendo for the Wii game console.
Smile, It's the End of the World
Smile, it's the End of the World is the second album by pop punk band Hawk Nelson. It was released on April 4, 2006.
Trill consonant
A trill consonant is a consonant that is made by vibrating an articulator, or hitting it many times against something else. For example, the <rr> in the Spanish word "perro" is an alveolar trill, commonly known as a rolled r, where the tongue is hit many times against the alveolar ridge, or the place just behind the teeth. This vibration is caused by a flow of air.
There are three trill consonants in the International Phonetic Alphabet. These are:
Neopets
Neopets is a website that lets its users create virtual pets, and take care of them. The site was created on November 15 1999, and has hundreds of millions of users. The website is owned by Jumpstart. Most of the pets that the user can create are not real animals, but are based upon real animals. Neopets has story plots, chat boards, and different things that users can do with their Neopets. Many people of many different ages join Neopets. The site has many games that the user can play. Neopets has a help section to find answers to many of the questions that users may have. The games length varies from a minute or less to saveable games like Neoquest that take more than 10 hours total to complete.
Pets
People younger than thirteen years old have less access to website features. They are not allowed to use the forum or send messages to other people.
Default avatars
Default avatars are the easiest type of avatar to get. Once a person creates an account on Neopets, they get to use the default avatars without having to do anything. Default avatars are mainly the different pets that can be used on the site and certain faeries.
Clickable avatars
Clickable avatars are the second easiest avatar to get. To earn a Clickable, the user must go to a certain place on the site. Once the user has gone to that page, they get a message that says they can use that avatar.
Avatars that are earned
Many avatars have to be earned. These are the avatars that people want most. These avatars are the hardest to get. These avatars may be gotten in many different ways. For example, getting a certain score in a game, buying a specific item, looking up a pet, refreshing, or getting a set amount of Neopoints.
Fan sites
There are many websites created by Neopets users to help other players. These sites help with information about how to play games and how to get avatars. There are also many sites for users to find ways to change the look of the pages that tell about themselves and their pets.
Mass (liturgy)
Mass is the term used to describe celebration of the Eucharist in the Western liturgical rites of the Roman Catholic Church, Old Catholic Churches, in the Anglo-Catholic tradition of Anglicanism, and in some largely High Church Lutheran regions: in Scandinavian and Baltic countries the Lutheran Eucharistic service is also known as "the Mass".
Royal Canadian Air Force
The air force operates all aircraft of the Canadian Forces, including the helicopters of the army and the navy. The air force is made of fighter jets, cargo planes and helicopters.
Mass (liturgy)
Origin
The term comes from the late-Latin word missa (dismissal), a word used in the concluding formula of Mass in Latin: "Ite, missa est" ("Go, it is the dismissal"). Dismissal means that someone is allowed to leave. In this case, people are being allowed to leave because Mass is finished. In another sense, it also means that people are allowed to leave to go on a mission to tell other people about Jesus and Christianity.
Catholic Church
A Sunday Mass is about an hour long. On other days, it is about half an hour. A Mass can be longer or shorter depending on how many people there are taking Communion.
A good Catholic is supposed to go to Mass every Sunday and on some other holy days. Even though Mass can be on other days, a Catholic is still supposed to go to one on Sunday.
There are four parts in a Catholic Mass. They are all the same all around the world but in different languages. The four parts are the Introductory Rites, the Liturgy of the Word, the Liturgy of the Eucharist, and Concluding Rites.
Introductory Rites
The priest comes in and everyone does the sign of the cross. He greets everyone in the congregation. Then people confess their sins together and ask the Lord for mercy. After that, they sing the hymn Gloria and the priest says a prayer called the collect.
Liturgy of the Word
In this part of Mass, some parts of the Bible are read. They are a first reading (which can be from either the Old or New Testament), a psalm, a second reading from the New Testament, and a reading from the Gospel. Then the priest will have a short sermon (homily). After that, the Apostles' Creed is said. Finally, some intercessory prayers can be made on behalf on another person.
Liturgy of the Eucharist
After this, the Lord's Prayer is said. Next, people in the congregation do a sign of peace (usually a nod or handshake while saying "peace" or "peace be with you") with one another to show that they are now one family in Christ. The bread and wine are then eaten in a process called Communion. Only baptized Catholics who are sorry for their sins are allowed to take part in Communion.
After Communion, there is a prayer to give thanks to God.
Concluding Rites
There may be announcements about important things going on in the parish during this time.
The priest blesses everyone and dismisses them.
Other websites
Roman Catholic doctrine Present form of the Roman rite of the Mass
Anglican Doctrine and practice
Lutheran doctrine
Sloan, Iowa
Sloan is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Adobe Illustrator
Adobe Illustrator is a computer program for making graphic design and illustrations. It is made by Adobe Systems. Pictures created in Adobe Illustrator can be made bigger or smaller, and look exactly the same at any size. It works well with the rest of the products with the Adobe name.
History
It was first released in 1986 for the Apple Macintosh. The latest version is Adobe Illustrator CS6, part of Creative Suite 6.
Teriyaki
Teriyaki is an Asian cuisine dish usually made from pork, chicken, or beef on a stick or separately on plates. It is mostly found in Thailand, China, and Japan and other Asian countries. The taste is something of sweet, or sour, or spicy usually.
Cucumber
The cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is a widely grown plant in the family Cucurbitaceae. This family also includes squash. A cucumber looks similar to a zucchini (British English: courgette).
To a botanist, cucumbers are biologically fruits even if they are commonly thought of as vegetables: that is their value as a food. They can be cooked, eaten raw, or pickled. Some people hollow out the cucumber and fill it with other food, like tomatoes or feta cheese.
Smithland, Iowa
Smithland is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Clubhouse Games
Clubhouse Games is a 2006 video game published by Nintendo and developed by Agenda. It features 42 parlor games. It is for the Nintendo DS game console.
Soldier, Iowa
Soldier is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Letters to the President
Letters to the President is the first album by pop punk band Hawk Nelson. It was released on October 4, 2005.
Diamond Dallas Page
Dallas Page (born Page Joseph Falkinburg, Jr.; April 5, 1956 in Point Pleasant, New Jersey) is a retired American professional wrestler, fitness instructor and actor who is probably best known for wrestling with World Championship Wrestling (WCW), World Wrestling Federation (WWF), Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) under the ring name, "Diamond" Dallas Page or "DDP" for short.
Spy Kids
Spy Kids is the first movie of the Spy Kids series. It is directed and written by Robert Rodriguez. The movie stars Alexa Vega and Daryl Sabara and was released in United States theaters on March 30, 2001 and on DVD on September 28, 2001.
Somers, Iowa
Somers is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Jim Pillen
Jim Pillen (born December 31, 1955) is an American Republican politician, veterinarian, and businessman who is the 41st and current Governor of Nebraska since 2023. He is a member of the Republican Party.
Pillen was born in Columbus, Nebraska. He studied at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln and Kansas State University.
From 1975 to 1978, he was a defensive back for the Nebraska Cornhuskers football team.
Before entering politics, Pillen was a farmer and is a practicing veterinarian. He also works as chair of Pillen Family Farms.
Scarborough, Maine
Scarborough is a town in Maine. It has a harness racing event called the Scarborough Downs. Scarborough High School is here.
Geisingen
Geisingen is a town in Tuttlingen in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is on the Danube River, 13 km southwest of Tuttlingen, and 21 km southeast of Villingen-Schwenningen.
Canadian Army
The Land Force Command (LFC) is the army of Canada and is often called the Canadian Army. It is part of the Canadian Forces. It is made of 19,500 full-time soldiers and 16,000 part-time soldiers. Canada also has an navy and an air force.
The army has infantry, artillery and tanks.
Suomenlinna
Suomenlinna, known until 1918 as Viapori, known in Swedish as Sveaborg, is a fortress in Finland. It is located on six islands in the sea near Helsinki.
Construction of the fortress started in 1748 when Finland was still part of the Kingdom of Sweden. Sweden wanted to defend the sea areas against Russia. They also needed a place to fix their military ships. In 1808 Russia ruled Finland. They made the fortress stronger to defend Helsinki, which was now the capital of Finland.
In 1917 Finland became independent. In 1918 Viapori was taken over by the new Finnish government and was renamed Suomenlinna ( meaning "Castle of Finland"). Some of the islands were used as a navy school. There was also a prison, and prisoners worked to repair the old fortress.
Today, Suomenlinna is one of Finland's most popular tourist attractions. It is only a short ferry ride from Helsinki to visit Suomenlinna. It is a Unesco World Heritage site. It is also a living part of Helsinki city. Around 850 people live there.
South English, Iowa
South English is a city in Keokuk County, Iowa in the United States.
Queen Victoria
Queen Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 1837 to 1901. She was born to a German princess and an English prince. She became Queen of the United Kingdom Great Britain at the age of 18 after her uncle King William IV died. She inherited the throne because her father's three elder brothers died without leaving any legitimate children.
She was taught by her governess, Louise Lehzen, and Reverend George Davys. She learned to speak and read German and French well. Queen Victoria enjoyed dancing, drawing, horse riding and singing. She had lessons as a child from the famous opera singer Luigi LaBlache. She liked to paint and could play the piano. She kept a regular diary throughout her life.
Victoria married her first cousin, Prince Albert, in 1840. He supported science, trade and art in Britain. Victoria and Albert had nine children. They believed that a good family life and Christianity were very important. In general, English people followed their example.
The Great Exhibition at Crystal Palace opened in 1851. It happened partly because of Albert's hard work. The exhibition showed the success of British people in Victorian times.
In 1861, Prince Albert died and Victoria stayed away from public life.
In 1897, Victoria celebrated 60 years of being monarch. This surpassed her grandfather King George III. She was queen for 63 years, seven months longer than any other king or queen of Britain. People called her the 'grandmother of Europe' because many of Victoria's children became kings, princes and princesses of other countries.
Jurassic Park (song)
"Jurassic Park" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of "MacArthur Park" by Jimmy Webb (as performed by Richard Harris). It is a humorous retelling of the plot in the novel and movie Jurassic Park. It is on the album Alaplooza released in 1993.
IPod
The iPod is a discontinued range of portable music players designed by the company Apple Inc. in California. The iPod comes with computer cables so that the user can put music from their computer onto the iPod, and play music from it using headphones. Newer iPods allow a user to play games, view pictures, watch videos and use the internet, too.
The first iPod was named the iPod Classic. This iPod was released on October 23, 2001. Apple Inc. made the iPod like this until September 9, 2014.
Apple made a smaller iPod called the iPod mini. It was much smaller than the iPod Classic, but did not hold as many songs. It used flash memory, a special kind of memory for very small electronics, instead of a hard drive. It was replaced by a version of the iPod called the iPod nano.
Another type of iPod, called the iPod shuffle, was very small, and it used flash memory, like the iPod mini but it had no screen. It was the least expensive iPod.
The most expensive iPod is called the iPod touch. It has a touch screen, like the iPhone. It's very similar to the IPhone, but it's not a smartphone. The first generation of iPod touch was released on September 5, 2007 and was discontinued on May 10, 2022.
The App Store is an online shop that is run by Apple Inc. where people can buy software for their iPhone or iPod Touch. It opened on July 11, 2008. Over 2 million applications (or apps for short) are available for people to buy. Some apps are available for free.
Russian mafia
The term Russian mafia represents various crime groups all across the former Soviet Union. They are not a single criminal club, though they represent similar goals and structures which define them. Organized crime in Russia began during early 1700s with thievery and banditry. Nowadays, close to six thousand different groups operate, 200 of which have global reach.
Spillville, Iowa
Spillville is a city in Iowa in the United States. The city has over 300 people in it.
Solon, Iowa
Solon is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Daniel Handler
Daniel Handler  (born February 28, 1970 ) is the real name of Lemony Snicket, author of the popular A Series of Unfortunate Events books. He graduated from Lowell High School and from Wesleyan University in 1992. He is a native of San Francisco and went to the San Francisco Boys Chorus. He calls himself the fake name of Lemony Snicket in the books, as well as in Lemony's autobiography. The autobiography is listed as fiction. After several years of writing the books, Daniel let the public know that he was behind the name of Lemony Snicket.
He is married to Lisa Brown and had their first child, Otto, in October 2003. He finished 13 books to complete the Series of Unfortunate Events.
It is also believed by some people that his wife, author and illustrator Lisa Brown could possibly be the "Beatrice" that Handler writes his books for.
Air
Air is the Earth's atmosphere. Air is a mixture of many gases and tiny dust particles. It is the clear gas in which living things live and breathe. It has an indefinite shape and volume. It has mass and weight, because it is matter. The weight of air creates atmospheric pressure. There is no air in outer space.
Atmosphere is a mixture of about 78% nitrogen, 21% of oxygen, and 1% other gases, such as Carbon Dioxide.
Animals live and need to breathe the oxygen in the atmosphere. In breathing, the lungs put oxygen into the blood, and send back carbon dioxide to the air. Plants need the carbon dioxide in the air to live. They give off the oxygen that we breathe. Without it we die of asphyxia.
Tonbridge Grammar School
Tonbridge Grammar School (or just TGS) is a well known grammar school in Tonbridge, Kent. It has about 1050 students who are 11-18 years old. The school was called Tonbridge Grammar School For Girls until 2002, when boys were allowed into the 6th form.
Air
Air can be polluted by some gases (such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides), smoke, and ash. This air pollution causes various problems including smog, acid rain and global warming. It can damage people's health and the environment. There are debates about whether or not to act upon climate change, but soon enough the Earth will heat up to much, causing our home to become too hot and not support life! Some say fewer people would die of cold weather, and that is true but there is already a huge amount of people dying from heat and that number is and will keep increasing at a frighting height.
Tonbridge Grammar School
History
Tonbridge Grammar School started in 1905 on the top floor of the Tonbridge Library with only 13 pupils. The teacher and headmistress was called Mrs Taylor. In 1913 the school moved to the site in Deakin Leas as the school was growing quickly and the library was not big enough.
Buildings
These are the buildings found at TGS today:
Air
Air is invisible: it cannot be seen by the eye, though a shimmering in hot air can be seen.
Air is one of the 4 classical elements.
Main history
Air was the most Common element in world it contains 46.6% oxygen,27.7% silicon,8.1% aluminum,5.0% iron,3.6% calcium........etc..
Original atmosphere
At first it was mainly a hydrogen atmosphere. It has changed dramatically on several occasions—for example, the Great Oxygenation Event 2.4 billion years ago, greatly increased oxygen in the atmosphere from practically no oxygen to levels closer to present day. Humans have also contributed to significant changes in atmospheric composition through air pollution, especially since industrialisation, leading to rapid environmental change such as ozone depletion and global warming.
Second atmosphere
Outgassing from volcanism, supplemented by gases produced during the late heavy bombardment of Earth by huge asteroids, produced the next atmosphere, consisting largely of nitrogen plus carbon dioxide and inert gases.
Third atmosphere
The constant re-arrangement of continents by plate tectonics influences the long-term evolution of the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide was transferred to and from large continental carbonate stores. Free oxygen did not exist in the atmosphere until about 2.4 billion years ago. The Great Oxygenation Event is shown by the end of the banded iron formations.
Dance hall
A dance hall is a place where people go to dance and talk to each other. It also usually has drinks and lounging, with music and disco lights or lighting of some sort.
Andouille
Andouille is a type of pork sausage. It is spicy (hot in taste) and smoked. There are different kinds, all with different combinations of pork meat, fat, intestines (tubes going to the stomach), and tripe (the wall of the stomach).
Other sorts are "French andouille" and "German andouille"; they are less spicy than Cajun. Cajun has extra salt, black pepper, and garlic. Andouille makers smoke the sausages over pecan wood and sugar cane for a maximum of seven or eight hours, at about 175 degrees Fahrenheit (80 degrees Celsius).
The Last Airbender (video game)
The Last Airbender is a video game for Wii and Nintendo DS. It is based on the movie of the same name. It was released on 29 June 2010 in USA. It was released in Europe on 6 August 2010. It will be released in Australia on September 2010. Like the previous Avatar games, it was developed by THQ Studio Australia and published by THQ.
Kai Province
Kai Province (甲斐国), also known as Kōshū (甲州), is an old province in Japan in the area of Yamanashi Prefecture on the island of Honshū.
History
In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures. The maps of Japan and Kai Province were reformed in the 1870s.
The area was briefly renamed Kōfu Prefecture; and it was renamed Yamanashi Prefecture in 1871.
Geography
Kai is west of Tokyo. The province is landlocked. It is in a mountainous region that includes Mount Fuji along its border with Shizuoka Prefecture.
Shrines and Temples
Asama jinja was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Kai.
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan (born Robert Allen Zimmerman; May 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter and musician. He is one of the most famous and successful popular singers of the last 50 years.
He was born in 1941 in Minnesota. His parents were from the Russian Empire in what is now Ukraine. As a youth he was a big fan of rock and roll, and formed several bands in high school. However, Dylan first became famous as a folk musician. In 1962, he released his first album, simply called Bob Dylan. The next year, he released the folk song "Blowin' in the Wind", which became very popular. In 1965, he began playing rock and roll. That year, Dylan released "Like a Rolling Stone", which has been called the greatest popular music song of all time. He put these two types of music together in a new way, which became very popular.
Dylan later became a Christian, then drifted away from Christianity, even re-exploring Judaism, which his family followed. Now, he does not talk about his religion. Since the 1980s, he has concentrated on his music career.
Also, Dylan is one of the famous people who appear on the cover of The Beatles's Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band.
In 2016, Dylan received the Nobel Prize in Literature, "for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition".
Folk singing
In 1960, Dylan dropped out of college and moved to New York, where his idol, the legendary folk singer Woody Guthrie, was hospitalized with a rare hereditary disease of the nervous system. Dylan visited with Guthrie regularly in his hospital room. He also became a regular in the folk clubs and coffeehouses of Greenwich Village. He met many other musicians, and he began writing songs at an astonishing pace, including "Song to Woody," honoring Woody Guthrie. In the fall of 1961, after one of his performances received a rave review in The New York Times, Dylan signed a recording contract with Columbia Records. Released early in 1962, "Bob Dylan" contained only two original songs, but showcased Dylan's gravelly-voiced singing style in a number of traditional folk and blues songs.
The 1963 release of "The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan" marked Dylan's emergence as one of the most original and poetic voices in the history of American popular music. The album included two of the most memorable 1960s folk songs, "Blowin' in the Wind" (which later became a huge hit for the folk trio Peter, Paul, and Mary) and "A Hard Rain's A-Gonna Fall." His next album, "The Times They Are A-Changin'", firmly established Dylan as the definitive songwriter of the 60s protest movement. This reputation only increased after he became involved with one of the movement's established icons, Joan Baez, in 1963. While his romantic relationship with Baez lasted only two years, it benefited both performers immensely in terms of their music careers. Dylan wrote some of Baez's best-known material, and Baez introduced him to thousands of fans through her concerts. By 1964, Dylan was playing 200 concerts per year, but had become tired of his role as "the" folk singer-songwriter of the protest movement. "Another Side of Bob Dylan," recorded in 1964, was a much more personal, introspective collection of songs, far less politically charged than Dylan's previous efforts.
Reinventing his image
In 1965, Dylan scandalized many of his folk music fans by recording the half-acoustic, half-electric album "Bringing It All Back Home," backed by a nine-piece band. On July 25, 1965, he was famously booed at the Newport Folk Festival when he performed electrically for the first time. The albums that followed, "Highway 61 Revisited" (1965)—which included the seminal rock song "Like a Rolling Stone"—and the two-record set "Blonde on Blonde" (1966) represented Dylan at his most innovative. With his unmistakable voice and unforgettable lyrics, Dylan brought the worlds of music and literature together as no one else had.
Over the course of the next three decades, Dylan continued to reinvent himself. Following a near-fatal motorcycle accident in July 1966, Dylan spent almost a year recovering in seclusion. His next two albums, "John Wesley Harding" (1968) – including "All Along the Watchtower," later recorded by guitar great Jimi Hendrix—and the unabashedly countryish "Nashville Skyline" (1969) – were far more mellow than his earlier works. Critics blasted the two-record set "Self-Portrait" (1970). "Tarantula," a long-awaited collection of writings Dylan published in 1971, also met with a poor reception. In 1973, Dylan appeared in Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid, a feature film directed by Sam Peckinpah. He also wrote the film's soundtrack, which became a hit and included the now-classic song "Knockin' on Heaven's Door."
Touring and religion
In 1974, Dylan began his first full-scale tour since his accident, embarking on a sold-out nationwide tour with his longtime backup band, The Band. An album he recorded with the Band, "Planet Waves," became his first No. 1 album ever. He followed these successes with the celebrated 1975 album "Blood on the Tracks" and "Desire" (1976), each of which hit No. 1 as well. "Desire" included the song "Hurricane," written by Dylan about the boxer Rubin "Hurricane" Carter, then serving life in prison after what many felt was an wrongful conviction of triple homicide in 1967. Dylan was one of many prominent public figures who helped popularize Carter's cause, leading to a retrial in 1976, when he was again convicted.
After a painful split with his wife, Sara Lowndes—the song "Sara" on "Desire" was Dylan's plaintive but unsuccessful attempt to win Lowndes back—Dylan again reinvented himself, declaring in 1979 that he was a born-again Christian. The evangelical "Slow Train Coming" was a commercial hit, and won Dylan his first Grammy Award. The tour and albums that followed were less successful, however, and Dylan's religious leanings soon became less overt in his music.
Homer, Alaska
Homer is a city on the Kenai Peninsula in Alaska. It is known for being "the end of the road." There are signs that Native American people lived in the area as early as 6000 BC. In 2020, 5,522 people lived in Homer. The most notable feature of Homer is the Homer Spit, a 4.5 mi peninsula that sticks out into Kachemak Bay. The town's harbor and many of its fishing and tourism-related businesses are on the Spit.