cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Parasitism
Biological context
When the above definition is applied, many organisms which eat plants can be seen as parasites, because they feed largely or wholly on one individual plant. Examples would include many herbivorous insects: the Hemiptera or true bugs (leafhoppers, froghoppers, aphids, scale insects and whiteflies). The larvae of Lepidoptera usually feed and mature on a single individual of the host plant species, and what they eat accounts for most of the food for their complete life span. Moreover, caterpillars can and often do serious damage to the host's foliage. Other orders also have many parasitic herbivores: Thysanoptera (thrips), Coleoptera (beetles), Diptera (flies).
Parasites of larger animals account for much research done for veterinarian and medical purposes. These parasites include viruses, bacteria, protozoa, flatworms (flukes and tapeworms), nematodes (roundworms), arthropods (crustacea, insects, mites). Parasitic wasps and flies are of great interest to the entomologist, and may be used in biological control.
Pelycosaur
Pelycosaurs (meaning "basin lizards") were the earliest synapsids. They were not dinosaurs or reptiles. They are an informal group which were once called the "mammal-like reptiles". The term is only used informally, if at all, in the modern scientific literature.
Parasitism
Biological context
A huge number of species are parasitic. A survey of the feeding habits of British insects showed that about 35% were parasites on plants, and slightly more were parasites on animals. That means that nearly 71% of insects in Britain are parasitic. Since British insects are better known than those elsewhere (because of the length of time they have been studied), this means that the majority of insect species throughout the world are parasitic. Also, there are several other invertebrate phyla which are wholly or largely parasitic. Flatworms and roundworms are found in virtually every wild species of vertebrate. Protozoan parasites are also ubiquitous. Hence parasitism is almost certainly the most common feeding method on Earth.
Dispersal and reproduction
Parasites are adapted to small, separated habitats. For a parasite, each host is an island surrounded by a hostile environment. For a small organism, the distances between hosts, or groups of hosts, is a hazard. Adaptations to bridge this hazard are:
So parasites exist in small, genetically similar groups with little flow of genes between them. In consequence, they have adaptations to solve their problems of dispersal and reproduction.
Pelycosaur
These tetrapods appeared during the Pennsylvanian and went extinct at the end of the Permian period. They were the dominant land animals for some 40 million years, and were almost wiped out by the P/Tr extinction event. A few survived until the lower Triassic to form the therapsids. The therapsids led to the mammals.
Because the term "Pelycosaur" does not include their descendants, it is not used much now.
Parasitism
Parasites are highly specialised
Parasites face an environment which varies in time and space. Consequently, both local (geographic) races and polymorphism occur. Both may occur in the same species. Parasites are very specialised feeders: many species have only one host at any stage of their life cycle. A few use more than two host species.
Complex life cycles
Many parasites have complex life-cycles. Tremadodes, the flukes, are a parasitic class of flatworms (Platyhelminths), with over 20,000 species. Most of them infect molluscs in the first part of the life-cycle, and vertebrates in the second part. The biology of scrub typhus is even more complex. It involves these factors:
Pelycosaur
The most notable of these land animals was Dimetrodon, the top predator of its time.
Malcolm Simmons
Malcolm "Simmo" Simmons (20 March 1946 – 25 May 2014) was an English speedway rider. He was a member of the Poole Pirates, based in Poole. He won the Speedway World Team Cup three times (1974, 1975, 1977) and the Speedway World Pairs Championship also three times (1976, 1977, 1978).
Parasitism
Complex life cycles
The occurrence of all these factors together would be limited in space, and brief in time. This is typical of the ecology of parasitic infections.
Pelycosaur
Characteristics
Pelycosaur fossils have been found mainly in Europe and North America, although some small, late-surviving forms are known from Russia and South Africa.
Paddy Considine
Patrick George "Paddy" Considine (born 5 September 1973) is an English actor. In 2005 he won Best British Actor at the Empire Awards for playing Richard in Dead Man's Shoes. Considine has Asperger's syndrome.
Malcolm Simmons
Simmons was born in Tonbridge, Kent. He was married to June.
Simmons died from emphysema on 25 May 2014 in Kent, aged 68.
Plan 9 from Bell Labs
The name Plan 9 from Bell Labs is a reference to the Ed Wood 1959 cult science fiction movie Plan 9 from Outer Space. Also, Glenda, the Plan 9 Bunny, is presumably a reference to Wood's film Glen or Glenda.
History
Plan 9 was originally developed for research purposes, as Bell Labs was looking for a replacement for the venerable UNIX. It underwent mass testing, as all the computers at Bell Labs had Plan 9 installed, in lieu of UNIX, which was commonplace previously. It explored several modifications to the pre-existing UNIX system, primarily the distributed nature of the system, and the graphical user-interface. In 1992, Bell Labs released a public version, for universities, and soon after, a version for the general public. The highly restrictive nature of the licence at the time, and the steep 500$ licencing fee resulted in it being ignored, in lieu of Linux.
Parasitism
Rapid speciation
The clearest evidence comes from the large size of many parasitic families.
American Eagle
American Eagle may mean:
Parasitism
Rapid speciation
Sometimes there is good evidence of the speed of speciation. For example, five or more species of the moth Hedylepta must have evolved within 1000 years in Hawaii, because they are specific to banana, which was only introduced then.
Adaptive radiation
Adaptive radiation in parasites is extensive. Its development in each taxon (group) depends on:
Diversity of hosts is a big factor. If many related species of host are available, then many related species of parasite will evolve. Mites on Lepidoptera families or fleas on mammals and birds are good examples. Eichler's rule goes as follows:
The two British oaks support some 439 species of parasite directly, and indirectly many hundred more which parasitise these parasites. "It would certainly be an underestimate to say that the two British species of oak are the primary products for a thousand species of parasite". p28 Obviously, the large size of these trees is a factor in the number of parasite species. In general, this holds whether the host is a plant or an animal. A larger bird will harbour more species of ectoparasite than a small bird.
More time, more species
One of the reasons large trees have so many parasites is that they may have lived a long time in a particular area compared with other types of plant. They have had longer to accumulate parasites.
Parasites can be most useful in sorting out the phylogenetic relationships of their hosts. Sibling host species have been discovered when their parasites diverged. Common ancestors of present-day parasites were themselves parasites of the common ancestors of present-day hosts.
Sympatric speciation
This is speciation which does not require geographical isolation. Ernst Mayr, the chief exponent of geographical speciation, admitted that host races of phytophagous animals "constitute the only known case indicating the possible occurrence of incipient sympatric speciation".
Pelycosaur
Characteristics
At least two pelycosaur clades independently evolved a tall sail of elongated vertebral spines. In life, this would have been covered by skin, and possibly was a thermoregulatory device and/or a mating display. Unlike lepidosaurian reptiles, pelycosaurs lacked epidermal scales.
In 1940 the group was reviewed in detail and every species known at the time described (and many illustrated) in an important monograph. Well-known pelycosaurs include the genera Dimetrodon, Sphenacodon, Edaphosaurus, and Ophiacodon.
Monett, Missouri
Monett is a city in Barry and Lawrence counties in the U.S. state of Missouri.
Anointing of the sick
Anointing of the Sick is a sacrament (a sacred ceremony) in Roman Catholicism and other Christian denominations. It is given to people who are "in danger due to sickness or old age".
Domari language
Domari is a language spoken by the Dom of the Middle East. It is a Indo-Aryan language. It is endangered because the young have shifted to Arabic, Hebrew, Persian, Turkish and Kurdish ,
Anointing of the sick
Beginnings
All four Gospels in the Bible say that Jesus healed many people. Catholics believe that even after his death, Jesus is still able to heal people through the power of the sacraments.
The main part of the Bible that talks about anointing of the sick is : "Are any among you sick? They should call for the elders of the Church and have them pray over them, anointing them with oil in the name of the Lord. And their prayer offered in faith will heal the sick, and the Lord will make them well. And if they have committed sins, these will be forgiven." , and  also talk about the anointing of the sick.
The sacrament
The Anointing of the Sick sacrament is done by a priest. The priest brings oil, which he has blessed. Usually, the oil is olive oil or another pure plant oil. The priest rubs the blessed oil on the patient's forehead, and sometimes other parts of the body. While he does this, he says special prayers that are meant for the Anointing of the Sick sacrament.
Catholics believe the Anointing of the Sick sacrament can:
Last rites
The Anointing of the Sick is one of the three sacraments that make up the last rites. In Catholicism, last rites are a set of sacraments that are given to people who are dying.
The steps in the last rites are:
Steely Dan
Steely Dan is an American jazz rock band. The band was made by Donald Fagen and Walter Becker while they were students at Bard College in Annandale-on-Hudson, New York. They were active from 1971 to 1981. They reunited in 1993 to play their music live at concerts.
Seven studio albums were released from 1972 to 1980 and two more were released from 2003 to 2006 after a 23 year break. The band has sold more than 40 million albums across the world and was added to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in March 2001. Walter Becker died on September 3, 2017.
Formation and early years (1967-1972)
Becker and Fagen met in 1967 at Bard College. Fagen heard Becker practicing his electric guitar in a café, The Red Balloon, which Fagen liked and he asked Becker to join a band with him. They discovered that they enjoyed similar music and started writing songs together.
They began playing locally, mostly covers of popular music but also some songs which they wrote. The two moved to Brooklyn together after Fagen graduated. Kenny Vance found their music interesting which lead to them working on the soundtrack of a low-budget film for him. This was only for money. Several songs, some of which were later used on official albums, from this time are available through multiple unauthorized collections. The band saw little success during this period.
Can't Buy a Thrill, Countdown To Ecstasy, and Pretzel Logic (1972-1974)
The band's first three studio albums were a resounding success and sold more than 2.5 million albums together. Countdown to Ecstasy preformed worse than the other two. This was because, according to Becker and Fagen, it was recorded while on tour. The singles Do It Again, Reelin' in the Years (both from Can't Buy a Thrill), and Rikki Don't Loose That Number (from Pretzel Logic) were hits.
During this time, Becker and Fagen wanted to spend their time in the studio while other members wanted to continue touring. Due to this, members began to leave the band until only Becker and Fagen remained. From this point the 'band' consisted of only Becker and Fagen as constants and used many session musicians.
Katy Lied, The Royal Scam, and Aja (1975-1978)
Katy Lied was a commercial success but both Becker and Fagen hated the album due to perceived poor audio quality. The Royal Scam and Aja are both 'platinum' and Aja is the band's highest charting album. A documentary was released of Aja's production. During this time, the band produced an original song, FM (No Static at All), for the film FM; the song succeeded while the movie itself failed badly.
Gaucho and breakup (1978-1981)
The duo did not write songs for most of 1978 but returned to begin Gaucho. The album faced many challenges in production. These include: an important track, "The Second Arrangement", being erased; MCA Records preventing Steely Dan from changing labels; Becker being sued for $17 million and negative attention following; Becker being hit and injured by a taxi; and the band being sued by Keith Jarret for copyright violation. Despite these things, the album released in 1980 to major success, also being 'platinum'.
Joe Walsh (Irish politician)
Joseph "Joe" Walsh (1 May 1943 – 9 November 2014) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician. He was a Teachta Dála for Cork South–West. He was first elected at the 1977 general election.
Home economics
Home economics is the study of the economics and management of the home and community. It is about managing a home and family, and cooking.
Suzette Blanco
Suzette Blanco is a gymnast from Cuba. Blanco competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics. She was born on 15 September 1948.
Nintendo Land
Nintendo Land is a 2012 party video game developed and published by Nintendo for the Wii U video game console. It was announced during E3 2012.
Joe Walsh (Irish politician)
He lost his seat in 1981 but regained it again in 1982 and served until he retired at the 2007 general election. He served as Minister for Agriculture and Food on two occasions (1992–1994 and 1997–2004).
Nintendo Land
The game has twelve mini-games that are playable in it, based off of famous Nintendo franchises like The Legend of Zelda, Mario and Metroid. Each minigames are styled like theme park attractions. They are supposed to show off how the Wii U GamePad works, and they all use some of its abilities, such as motion controls and the touch screen. The game supports the Wii Remote controller. The game had 'asymmetric gameplay', which means to have a different experience depending on what controller you use.
Joe Walsh (Irish politician)
Walsh died on 9 November 2014 in Wilton, Cork, Ireland, aged 71.
Steely Dan
Break (1981-1993)
After the release of Gaucho, the band disbanded in June 1981 and remained apart until 1993. Fagen continued to make music, releasing The Nightfly in 1981 to great success. Becker moved to Maui, Hawaii and did some work as a producer on other's albums. Both preformed on Zazu, a 1986 album by Rosie Vela and produced by Steely Dan's former producer Gary Katz. In 1993, Becker produced Fagen's second solo album, Kamakiriad.
Nintendo Land
The game was mostly liked by reviewers and sold five million copies.
Team attractions
This minigame is based on The Legend of Zelda series. Players using the Wii Remote wield a sword to fight enemies with. The player using the Wii U GamePad has a bow, and they must shoot the bow at enemies. The GamePad player can also spy on enemies by lifting the GamePad, or reload their arrows by facing the GamePad down.
Metroid Blast
Steely Dan
Reunion, Alive in America (1993-2000)
In 1993 Becker and Fagen reunited to tour and promote Fagen's Kamakiriad. Their touring band was much larger than their typical studio band. MCA released Citizen Steely Dan in 1994, a compilation containing the band's entire album discography and some non-album singles, a demo of "Everyone's Gone to the Movies", and a live recording of "Bodhisattva". The same year, Becker released his first solo album, 11 Tracks of Whack. In 1995, Alive in America was released, a compilation of live songs. They toured in the United States, Europe, and Japan during this time.
Two Against Nature and Everything Must Go (2000-2003)
The band released their first studio album in twenty years, Two Against Nature, in 2000. Also in this year, the band released the non-studio album Plush TV Jazz-Rock Party. This album was the first by Steely Dan to win the Grammy's Album of the Year award. Notably, Everything Must Go featured less session musicians than the band normally would and the song "Slang of Ages" had Becker singing for the first time on a Steely Dan studio album.
Touring (2003-2017)
For this time, the band released no new music and toured exclusively. Becker and Fagen both released solo music (Circus Monkey, Morph the Cat and Sunken Condos respectively). Becker preformed his last show in May 27, 2017 before his death.
After Becker's death (2017-present)
After the death of founding member and half of the band Walter Becker, Fagen continued to tour in order to "keep the music we [Walter and Fagen] created together alive as long as I [Fagen] can with the Steely Dan band." Fagen completed promised shows after Becker's death and continues to tour with the Steely Dan name.
AVN Award for Best Supporting Actor
The AVN Award for Best Supporting Actor is an award that has been given annually by sex industry company AVN since the award's creation in 1984.
Before 2008, the award was awarded annually for two different categories–film and video. From year 2009, it is awarded annually for a single category.
First award was to Richard Pacheco, who was awarded at 1st AVN Awards in 1984 for his performance in Nothing to Hide. As of 2023, Randy Spears is the most awarded pornographic actor with seven awards.
American Eagle Outfitters
American Eagle is a clothing store in the United States and Canada. Most people who buy clothing from American Eagle are teenagers and young adults. The store opened in 1977 and the headquarters is in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Listeria
Listeria is a genus of bacteria with about ten species. It is named after Joseph Lister. Listeria are very common, they occur almost everywhere. Two of the ten species are pathogens: they can cause a disease called listeriosis in decaying food.
Akron, New York
Akron is a village in Erie County, New York, United States. The population was 2,868 at the 2010 census.
Listeria
In 2011, 21 people died from listeriosis by eating cantaloupes from a Colorado farm. In 1998, hot dogs and possibly deli meats made by Bil Mar Foods, a subsidiary of Sara Lee Corp., also had listeria and killed 21 people. In 1985, listeria in Mexican-style soft cheese was linked to 52 deaths.
Akron, New York
Akron is located at 43.01944°N, -78.49472°W (43.019309, -78.494644). The village is northeast of Buffalo.
GX4000
The GX4000 was a console made by Amstrad in 1990. At first, it was successful. But it did not continue its early success. The GX4000 games could be used with other Amstrad computers. Only 40 games were made for it. Soon it disappeared into the mist of history. These days it is very rare to see one that is still in working condition.
Amstrad GX4000
A Doll's House (1959 movie)
A Doll's House is a 1959 live telecast based on Henrik Ibsen's 1879 play A Doll's House directed by George Schaefer. It was broadcast on 15 November 1959.
Roger Enrico
Enrico died of a heart attack while snorkeling at his private Cayman Islands home on June 1, 2016, aged 71.
Nordanstig Municipality
Nordanstig Municipality (Nordanstigs kommun) is a municipality in Gävleborg County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Bergsjö.
Stand by Me (Ben E. King song)
"Stand by Me" is a R&B ballad which was originally performed by Ben E. King. The song was inspired by the spiritual single "Lord Stand by Me". The song is on the soundtrack of the 1986 movie Stand by Me.
Musicians who have covered the song include Prince Royce and John Lennon. In 1999, BMI named it the fourth most performed song of the 20th century.
Latin alphabet in Turkic countries
The Latin alphabet in Turkic countries is the common alphabet officially used in most countries with Turkic languages. Turkic languages can also be written in Arabic, Persian and Cyrillic.
Keweenaw County, Michigan
Keweenaw County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, 2,046 people live here. The county seat is Eagle River.
Latin alphabet in Turkic countries
History
After World War I, many Turkic countries implemented a policy of westernization, centered even on the use of the Latin alphabet. The first was Turkey in 1928, where Kemal Atatürk substituted the Arab alphabet with the Roman alphabet after ordering the end of the Ottoman Empire.
Soon all the Turkic-speaking countries of the Soviet Central Asia did the same and used the so-called "unified Turkish Latin alphabet" based on the one of Atatürk's Turkey, but during WWII, Stalin ordered a Russification process in his Soviet Union and the Latin alphabet was replaced again by the Cyrillic alphabet.
After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, most of the newly independent Turkic Asian countries put back the Latin alphabet. There are small differences between each country's alphabet.
Letters of Latin alphabet
The Turkish alphabet used in Turkey, based on Latin capital and lower case letters, has 29 letters (but other countries like Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan have more letters). Unusual among languages that use the Latin alphabet, Turkish has both a dotted and dotless version of the letter "I".
Of these 29 letters in the Latin alphabet of Turkey, 8 are vowels (A, E, I, İ, O, Ö, U, Ü); the 21 others are consonants. The letters Q, W, and X of the English alphabet do not occur in this Turkish Latin alphabet, and, in fact, were once illegal in Turkey.
The Turkish alphabet used in other Turkic countries, like Kazakhstan, when using Latin alphabet like in the case of Qazaqsa, has some different letters.
For example, the Qazaqsa Latin alphabet has 38 letters:
Therapsid
Therapsids, previously known as the mammal-like reptiles, are a group of synapsids.
Characteristics
The jaws of therapsids had frontal incisors for nipping, large lateral canines for puncturing and tearing, and molars for shearing and tearing, and molars for shearing and chopping food.
Therapsid legs were positioned more vertically beneath their bodies than were the sprawling legs of Sauropsids and Pelycosaurs.
Evolution
The therapsids were seriously affected by the P/Tr extinction event. The successful gorgonopsians died out, and the remaining groups were much reduced.
The dicynodonts were now a single family of large stocky herbivores, the Kannemeyeridae. The medium-sized cynodonts (including carnivorous and herbivorous forms), flourished worldwide in the early to middle Triassic. They died out across much of Pangea before the end of the Upper Triassic. Some survived for a while in the wet equatorial band and in the South.
At least three groups of eucynodonts survived. They appeared in the Upper Triassic. The extremely mammal-like family, the Tritylodonts, survived into the Lower Cretaceous. Another group, Morganucodon and its relatives, were mammaliaformes. That is, their descendants became the mammals.
Pierce City, Missouri
Pierce City is a city in Barry and Lawrence counties in the U.S. state of Missouri.
Jadgali language
Jadgali is a Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Balochistan region of Pakistan and Iran. It is spoken by the Jadgal people. It is closely related to Sindhi and Lasi.
Cordova, Minnesota
Cordova is an unincorporated community in Cordova Township, Le Sueur County, Minnesota, United States.
The community is found on Le Sueur County Road 2, where it meets with Le Sueur County Road 5 at Gorman Lake.
County Roads 7 and 11 are also found near. The Little Cannon River is nearby.
Cordova had a post office from 1857 to 1907. It was mapped on September 28, 1867, and incorporated on February 27, 1878, but since then has gone back to being an unincorporated community in Cordova Township.
Kuaima Riruako
Kuaima Isaac Riruako (born Issaskar Kakuremdiro; 24 April 1935 – 2 June 2014) was a Namibian politician. He served as a National Unity Democratic Organisation (NUDO) representative in Parliament. He was the President of NUDO and its presidential candidate in the 2004 presidential election. He placed fourth with 4.23% of the national vote. He was also the paramount chief of the Herero people from 1978.
Personal life
Riruako was born in Aminuis in the Omaheke Region. Riruako died from hypertension on 2 June 2014 in Windhoek. He was 79. He had been in serious care for a month before his death.
Sid Jensen
Sid Jensen is a gymnast from Canada. Jensen competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics. He was born on 11 August 1947.
Buiú (footballer, born 1980)
Buiu (born May 5, 1980) is a former Brazilian football player.
Club statistics
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ApeXtreme
ApeXtreme is a console created by Apex Digital Inc. It was released January 9, 2004.
It can do many things, like play computer games, DVDs, CDs, VCDs and use the Internet.
What it can do:
Congress of Vienna
Its purpose was to decide about the political situation in Europe after the defeat of Napoleon. To be precise there was never one "Congress of Vienna". Instead, there were discussions in informal sessions among the Great Powers.
The Congress was concerned with determining the entire shape of Europe after the Napoleonic wars, with the exception of the terms of peace with France, which had already been decided by the Treaty of Paris, signed a few months earlier, on May 30, 1814.
The four victorious powers (the Concert of Europe) hoped to exclude the French from participation in the negotiations, but Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord managed to get into "her inner councils" in the first weeks of negotiations.
Ambrosius Aurelianus
Ambrosius Aurelianus was a powerful Romano-British leader in Sub-Roman Britain around mid-5th century. He has been identified with the legendary King Arthur by historians like John Morris.
Life
Ambrosius Aurelianus was born in Roman Britain in the years when Roman legions withdrew from the British isles and started the Anglo-Saxon conquest. He seems to be born in a noble Roman family, resident in Britain for many generations. He also appeared independently in the legends of the Britons, beginning with the 9th-century "Historia Brittonum", written by Nennius.
His importance comes from the fact that he is the only Romano-british leader named by Gildas, who was the only historian who lived during Sub-Roman Britain times: this fact makes Ambrosius Aurelianus an historical and "real" personality in the King Arthur legends.
He was renowned for his campaigns against the Anglo-Saxons, and there is some speculation that he (or his son, according to the historian Gildas) may have commanded the Romano-British forces at the Battle of Badon Hill, where the barbarians were won around 500 AD. After this battle for fifty years the Anglo-Saxons were stopped from conquering all of Britain.
According to Gildas
Ambrosius Aurelianus is one of the few people that Gildas (a sixth century historian who lived in South-west Britain and wrote "De Excidio Britanniae", which focused largely on the history of Christian Britain) identifies by name in his sermon De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae, and the only one named from the 5th century. Following the destructive assault of the Saxons, the survivors gather together under the leadership of Ambrosius, who is described as:
We know from Gildas that he was of high birth, and had Roman ancestry; he was presumably a Romano-Briton, rather than a Roman from elsewhere in the empire, though it is impossible to be sure. It also appears that Ambrosius was a Christian: Gildas says that he won his battles "with God's help". According to Gildas, Ambrosius organised the survivors into an armed force and achieved the first military victory over the Saxon invaders. However, this victory was not decisive: "Sometimes the Saxons and sometimes the citizens (meaning the Romano-British inhabitants) were victorious."
Reusel-De Mierden
Reusel-De Mierden is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant. In 2019, 13,060 people lived there.
A Doll's House
A Doll's House (also translated from Danish as A Doll House) is a three-act play written by Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen. It premiered at the Royal Theatre in Copenhagen, Denmark, on 21 December 1879. The play is set in a Norwegian town circa 1879.
Oncilla
The oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus), also known as the northern tiger cat, little spotted cat, and tigrillo, is a small spotted cat. Its range from Central America to central Brazil. Over this huge territory there are differences which some think should be subspecies.
It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List because the population is threatened by deforestation and conversion of habitat to agricultural land.
Drosera regia
Drosera regia, also known as the King sundew, is a carnivorous plant of the sundew family. In the wild, it only grows in two places in a single valley in South Africa. Its leaves can grow to a size of 70 cm in length. It also has features which are not found in many other sundews, such as wooded rhizomes and special covered pollen. These features have been combined with a genetic analysis, and it was found that D. regia is among the older species of sundew. The Venus Flytrap, another carnivorous plant, shares some of the features, which suggests a close relationship between the two.
The leaves of the plant are covered with tentacles. They are able to capture large prey, such as beetles, moths and butterflies. The tentacles of all Drosera species are specialized glands, capable of producing sticky mucus. The leaves are active flypaper traps: they capture prey by surrounding it. In its native habitat, the plants compete for space with native marsh grasses and low evergreen shrubs. There are two known populations of the plant in the wild. The higher-altitude site is overgrown, and D. regia no longer grows there. On the lower-altitude site, there are about 50 mature plants. For this reason, D. regia is the most endangered Drosera species, since it is threatened with extinction in the wild. It is often grown by people who like carnivorous plants and a single cultivar, "Big Easy", has been registered.
Altair (footballer)
Altair Gomes de Figueiredo (22 January 1938 – 9 August 2019) was a Brazilian football player. He played for Fluminense and Brazil national team.
de Figueiredo died on 9 August 2019 in São Gonçalo, Rio de Janeiro at the age of 81.
Johann Christian Bach
Johann Christian Bach (born Leipzig, 5 September 1735; died London, 1 January 1782) was a composer of the Classical period. He was the eleventh and youngest son of the composer Johann Sebastian Bach. He is often called the "London Bach" or the "English Bach", because he spent many years living in London. He became internationally famous, both as a composer and as a performer. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart liked his music, and learned a lot about how to write good concertos by looking at the concertos of J. C. Bach.
Childhood
Johann Christian Bach’s parents were Johann Sebastian Bach and Anna Magdalena Bach. He was born in Leipzig, Germany. His father was one of the last composers of the Baroque period. His father was already 50 when J. C. Bach was born, so it is not surprising that by the time Johann Christian had grown up the style of music had changed a lot since Johann Sebastian had been writing his works. Johann Christian belonged to the Classical period. He was 15 when his father died. He moved to Berlin and his half-brother Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, who was already a famous composer, gave him more music lessons.
Italy
Johann Christian lived in Italy for many years from 1756, first studying counterpoint with Padre Martini in Bologna and later with Giovanni Battista Sammartini. He became an organist at the cathedral in Milan in 1760. However, he soon started to become successful as an opera composer and he left his cathedral job so that he could work in the theatre and travel more in Italy.
Johann Christian had been brought up in the Lutheran church, but in Italy he became a Catholic. He married the Italian soprano Cecilia Grassi. She was about eight years older than Johann Christian and, perhaps because of this, they never had children.
London years
In 1762 he moved to London. He was very successful there, and earned plenty of money to live comfortably. He knew the royal family and many important aristocratic people as well as famous people such as the painter Gainsborough and the musician and writer Charles Burney. King George III and Queen Charlotte went to hear his first London opera Orione in 1763. He gave the Queen music lessons.
He gave many concerts together with Carl Friedrich Abel, a well-known player of the viola da gamba. Abel and Bach may have known one another as children because both their fathers had worked together in Cöthen in Germany. In April 1764 J. C. Bach met the 8-year-old Mozart who visited London with his father Leopold. They played duets on the harpsichord together.
He composed cantatas, chamber music, keyboard and orchestral works, operas, symphonies and songs. He had many works published in London and Paris.
During his last years he lost a lot of money. The Bach-Abel concert series lost money, and one of Bach’s servants stole £1000 from him which was a very large sum on those days. His health started to become bad and, when he died, he left his wife with a lot of debt. Queen Charlotte helped to pay a lot of the debt, and his widow went back to Italy.
He was buried in St Pancras churchyard, London.
James Horner
James Roy Horner (August 14, 1953 – June 22, 2015) was an American music director. He scored the music for the 1997 movie Titanic. He won two Academy Awards in 1998. Horner was born on August 14, 1953 in Los Angeles, California.
Horner was killed in an airplane crash near Los Padres National Forest, California, aged 61.
Influences
Horner stated composers like Elmer Bernstein, Jerry Goldsmith, Henry Mancini, Buddy Baker, Bruce Broughton, Max Steiner, Sergei Prokofiev, Ludwig Von Beethoven, Howard Shore, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Erich Wolfgang Korngold, Frank Churchill, Carl Stalling, Richard Wagner, Gustav Holst, Bernard Herrmann, John Barry, Benjamin Britten, John Williams, Thomas Tallis, Maurice Jarre, Jakob Gimpel, Hamilton Harty, Jan Kubelík, Carl Nielsen, Lalo Schifrin, Oliver Wallace, Frank Churchill, Alex North, Marty Paich, Leigh Harline, Pyotr Tchaikovsky, Alfred Newman and Nino Rota as influences.
Awards and nominations
Horner won two Academy Awards, both in 1998:
Horner also won two Golden Globe Awards, three Satellite Awards, and three Saturn Awards. He was nominated for three British Academy Film Awards.
In October 2013, Horner received the Max Steiner Award at the Hollywood in Vienna Gala. That award is given for extraordinary achievements in the music for movies.
Lasi dialect
Lasi is a Sindhi language variety spoken in Balochistan, Pakistan. It is spoken by the Lasi people.
Gilmar
Gylmar dos Santos Neves (22 August 1930 – 25 August 2013) was a Brazilian football player. He has played for the Brazil national football team. Listed by IFFHS as one of the best goalkeepers of the twentieth century, with the Brazilian national team he won the World Cup in 1958 and 1962; he is the only extreme goalkeeper to have managed to win two editions of the World Cup as a starter. Before him, only Guido Masetti had won two world titles in 1934 and 1938, but as the third goalkeeper called up. He was elected the best Brazilian goalkeeper of the 20th century and one of the best in the world by the IFFHS. He is remembered for his sober style on the pitch and his peaceful personality.
He is considered the most complete goalkeeper in Brazilian football of all time, reactive extreme goalkeeper of classic style, he had very quick reflexes, was agile and possessed of remarkable acrobatic qualities, he also had a remarkable technical basis; he played until he was 39. He was not only an excellent goalkeeper but also an important charismatic guide. Regarded as one of the greatest goalkeepers of all time.
He played in legendary teams such as Corinthians in the 1950s, Santos in the 1960s and in the Brazilian team that won twice the world. Gilmar has the privilege of being "champion of everything" in his time, due to the fact of having at least one title in each competition he played. He was also known to have worn, during the 1958 World Cup in Sweden, the number 3 shirt in the national team.
Early years
Gilmar was born on August 25, 1930 in Santos to his parents Gilberto and Maria, he began playing as a goalkeeper for Jabaquara in 1945, his coach was so impressed with his goalkeeping ability and his great saves, he became renowned as one of the finest shot-stoppers ever for the club.
Club career
Gilmar switched from Jabaquara to Corinthians in 1951, where he immediately won the Campeonato Paulista, repeating it in 1952 and 1954. In 1961 he went to Santos of star players Pelé and Coutinho for $3000. With Santos he won the state championship five times and the national title five times. In 1962 and 1963 he won the Copa Libertadores with Santos against Peñarol and Boca Juniors respectively, and in the same years also the Intercontinental Cup against Eusébio's Benfica Lisbon and AC Milan. At club level, Gilmar won the World Cup for club teams twice with Santos, among other things. In 1962 Benfica was beaten by Eusebio and in 1963 it won against AC Milan. In both years, Santos also won the Copa Libertadores. He ended his career in 1969.
International career
He made his debut for the national team on March 1, 1953 in Lima in a match against Bolivia. In 1954 he had a chance to play for the 1954 FIFA World Cup but he wasn't selected along with Garrincha, Zizinho, Ademir, Canhoteiro, Barbosa, Danilo, Jair and Bigode. In 1956 he went on a European tour with the Seleção and played against Portugal, Switzerland, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Italy, England and Turkey and made a good impression here. However, the competition in the national team was fierce, other positions were not always certain except for the defending pair Djalma Santos and Nílton Santos. Due to his good performances in Europe, Gilmar was preferred to Carlos José Castilho at the FIFA World Cup in Sweden in 1958, who started the tournament with shirt number 1, while Gilmar was given number 3. Only in the semi-finals against France let Gilmar in the first goals, from Just Fontaine and Roger Piantoni.
Gilmar was putted out of the squad after Brazil lost one point to Argentina in the South American Championship in 1959, he had also been sidetracked at Corinthians. It was only after his change to the successful Santos that he was included in the national team again. He also played at the World Cup in Chile, where the title was extended. He was given the jersey number 1. After star player Pelé was sidelined in the group stage, Brazil had to do the job defensively and not offensively. He conceded five goals and again became world champion. He is so far the only goalkeeper to become world champion twice as a starting player. In the election of goalkeeper of the century, he was in first place in Brazil and fourth in South America. In 1965 he had to give way to goalkeeper Manga, but was given another chance at the 1966 FIFA World Cup in England. He played against Bulgaria and Hungary, but was replaced by Manga for the third group match against Portugal. After all, Gilmar was the head of jut in the media for the 1-3 defeat against Hungary. He achieved a total of 14 World Cup appearances in goal, playing his last game on 12 June 1969 in a 2-1 win against England. In total, Gilmar kept 94 matches for Brazil.
The goalkeeper was active in the 1958 FIFA World Cup in Sweden, when Brazil became world champions for the first time. He was preferred over Carlos José Castilho, who started that tournament with the number 1. Gilmar was also in Brazil's title prolongation at the World Cup in Chile four years later. He is so far the only goalkeeper to become world champion twice as a starting player. He played again at the 1966 World Cup in England, but Brazil was eliminated in the first round. Colleague Manga relieves him during the tournament. In total, Gilmar played 94 matches for Brazil.
International career statistics
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Corry Brokken
Cornelia Maria "Corry" Brokken (3 December 1932 – 2 June 2016) was a Dutch singer, TV presenter and lawyer.
Gerhard Sturmberger
Gerhard Sturmberger ( 1 May 1940 in Klagenfurt, Carinthia -13 January 1990 in Klagenfurt, Carinthia) was an Austrian football player. He played as defender. Most of his active career he played for LASK. He also played for the Austrian national football team.
Corry Brokken
Brokken participated in the first ever Eurovision Song Contest but did not manage to win. However, she was the winner of the Eurovision Song Contest in 1957 for her song "Net als toen". She also participated in Eurovision 1958 but did not win.
Gerhard Sturmberger
Career
He started his career in his hometown Klagenfurt with ASK Klagenfurt. Thanks to his good performances, Gerhard Sturmberger was brought into the A-League by trainer Josef Epp for Linzer ASK. He played for Linz as a defender for 14 seasons and was captain from 1967 to 1973. The greatest successes in Gerhard Sturmberger's career at LASK were winning the championship in 1964/65 and the ÖFB Cup in the same year. This was the first time a club from the federal states won the championship.
Corry Brokken
She is known for her songs "Snip en Snap", "Voorgoed voorbij" and "Heel de wereld".
Gerhard Sturmberger
Career
From 1973 to 1976 he played for SK Rapid Wien. After that he played for smaller clubs in Upper Austria and Carinthia including his first club ASK Klagenfurt.
National team
His debut was on 24 March 1965 in a 2-1 away win over France. Sturmberger played a total of 43 international matches in Austria's defense. The majority of them was under Leopold Šťastný. He was also team captain. His last match was on 13 June 1973 in a 1-1 home draw versus Brazil.
Corry Brokken
In 1976, she was the presenter for the Eurovision Song Contest.
After her singing career she studied law at Utrecht University in the 1970s. Afterwards she was a lawyer and later on a judge.
Brokken died on 2 June 2016 in Laren, Netherlands at the age of 83.
Gregor Mendel
Gregor Johann Mendel (Heinzendorf, Austria, 20 July 1822 – Brünn, Austro-Hungary, 6 January 1884) was an Austrian monk and botanist.
Musikverein
The Musikverein in Vienna, Austria is one of the most famous concert halls in the world. It opened on 6 January 1870, and is known for its acoustics. The world-famous Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra performs at Musikverein.
Gregor Mendel
Mendel founded genetics by his work cross-breeding pea plants. He discovered dominant and recessive characters (genes) from the crosses he performed on the plants in his greenhouse. What he learnt is known today as Mendelian inheritance.
Musikverein
The concert hall was built by the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde (Society of Friends of Music) who had been given the land by Emperor Franz Joseph. In 1907 a beautiful organ was put in the Konzerthaus by the Austrian firm of organ builders Rieger.
Gregor Mendel
His work was not appreciated at first, but was 'rediscovered' in 1900 by Carl Correns and Hugo de Vries. Erich von Tschermak's status as a third rediscoverer is now less convincing.
Musikverein
The main auditorium is called the Goldener Saal (The Golden Hall). There are seats for 1,744 people and standing room for another 300. The Brahms Hall is also in the Musikverein building, and seats close to 600. Four more concert halls were added underneath the main building in 2004: the Glass Hall with 380 seats, the Steel Room with 70 seats, the Stone Room with 60 seats, and the Wood Room with 50 seats. Every year on 1 January the Vienna New Year's Concert is held here. Millions of people in countries all over the world watch this concert on New Year's Day.
Gregor Mendel
The experiments
Mendel used the edible peas (Pisum sativum) for his crosses. He selected seven characters which were distinctive, and never blended; they occurred as either-or alternatives. Examples: plant height (short or tall); colour of peas (green or yellow); position of flowers (restricted to the top or distributed along the stem).
When he crossed varieties which differed in a trait (e.g. tall crossed with short), the first generation of hybrids (F1) showed only one of the two alternatives. One character was dominant, and the other recessive. But when he crossed these hybrids with each other, the recessive character reappeared in the second (F2) generation. The proportion of plants showing the dominant as opposed to the recessive character was close to 3 to 1. Further analysis of the descendants (F3) of the dominant group showed that one-third of them were true-breeding and two-thirds were of hybrid constitution. The 3:1 ratio could therefore be rewritten as 1:2:1, meaning that 50 percent of the F2 generation were true-breeding and 50 percent were still hybrid. This was Mendel’s major discovery.
It could all be summed up by saying that inheritance was not blending, as Darwin had thought, it was particulate. The factors (genes) were not merged or mixed, they stayed separate and were passed on to the next generation unchanged.
He published his work in 1866, but at the time no-one saw how significant it was. 35 years later, the papers were rediscovered and, immediately, modern genetics began.
Tomohiko Ikoma
Tomohiko Ikoma (生駒 友彦) was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Ikoma was born in Hyogo Prefecture on August 25, 1932. When he was a Kwansei Gakuin University student, he won 1953 and 1955 Emperor's Cup as a member of All Kwangaku which was consisted of his alma mater Kwansei Gakuin University players and graduates. After graduating from university, he joined Mitsubishi Motors in 1955. In 1965, the club joined new league Japan Soccer League. However he did not play in the match in the league. In 1966, he became a playing manager. End of 1966 season, he resigned as manager and retired from playing career.
On January 2, 1955, when Ikoma was a Kwansei Gakuin University student, he debuted for the Japan national team against Burma. He played 5 games for Japan in 1955.
On April 27, 2009, Ikoma died in Kobe at the age of 76.
Statistics
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