cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Puberty
Voice changes
During puberty, a boy's larynx or voicebox also grows larger. This makes the laryngeal prominence or Adam's apple – the lump that sticks out of the front of his neck – larger too. As the larynx grows the vocal folds become longer and thicker, so they vibrate (move back and forth) more slowly. This causes the voice to lower in pitch or tone and become deeper. When this happens, it is sometimes said that the boy's voice has "broken". However, it actually does not happen overnight but over some time. During this time, the voice may sound scratchy. On average, a boy's voice normally reaches its adult sound when he is around 15 years old.
Body growth
Towards the end of puberty, boys go through a "growth spurt" which lasts for about two to three years. During this time, their body grows taller very quickly. When the growth spurt is at its fastest point, some people grow 10 cm or more a year. This happens about two years after puberty starts, usually between the ages of 13 and 15. When a boy reaches the end of his growth spurt when he is about 18 years old, he will be at his adult height. His body will not grow much taller after that. Because of their growth spurt, boys' muscles can feel sore. These "growing pains" can feel worse if boys are active and do a lot of exercise. They go away after a while.
Boys grow more slowly than girls but for a longer time. That is why most men are taller than women. By the end of puberty, adult males have heavier bones and more muscle than females. In an average adult man, muscle makes up 50% and fat 15% of his weight. On the other hand, 40% of an average adult woman's weight is made up of muscle while 27% is made up of fat. Because men have less body fat than women, their hips do not grow bigger. Some bones like those in the jaw and shoulders grow more in males than in females. That is why males have wider faces and shoulders but narrower hips.
Body changes in females
The changes in a girl's body during puberty usually take place between the ages of eight and 18 years. Most girls will have finished puberty around the age of 15. They will have breasts and pubic hair, will menstruate (have a period) every month, and will be able to get pregnant. They will usually also have reached their full adult height.
Breasts grow
When the breasts start to grow, this is normally the first sign of puberty that can be seen on the outside of a girl's body. This usually happens when girls are about the age of 10.5 years. A lump that is a bit hard appears in each breast under the areola, which is the dark ring around the nipple. The lump in one breast may grow before the other one. This is called breast budding. Within six to 12 months, both breasts will have started growing. The swelling can be felt and seen outside the edges of the areolae. About one and a half to two years after the breasts first start growing, they are close to the shape and size of an adult woman's breasts. The nipple and areola may be on a smaller mound on each breast. This small mound usually goes away when each breast is fully grown. Whether the breasts are small or large depends on how much fat there is in the body.
Body hair and skin changes
Between the ages of about eight and 14 (on average, at 11 or 12 years), pubic hair begins to grow along the labia (the "lips" of the vulva), usually a few months after the breasts start growing. At first the hair is thin and straight instead of curly, and there is not much of it. Within a year, the pubic hair becomes rough, dark, and curly and grows in a triangle shape in the pubic region. About one year after pubic hair begins appearing, underarm hair also grows. The hair on the arms and legs also gets thicker, and some girls may have hair appearing on their upper lip and in front of their ears.
Like boys, higher amounts of hormones in the body cause girls' perspiration (sweat) to change. This gives them a more adult body odor or smell. The hormones also cause the skin to produce more sebum (oil), which usually leads to acne.
Changes to the sex organs and menstruation
When girls are between eight and 11 years old, the two ovaries in their bodies begin to grow bigger. Each ovary is egg-shaped and is attached to the side wall of the pelvis. The pelvis is a large set of bones in the hips. The ovaries are organs that make female hormones. These hormones cause a girl to grow into a woman, and make her feel like a woman. The hormones also make it possible for females to become pregnant and have babies. Inside the ovaries are about 200,000 ova (egg cells). For a baby to be formed, a woman's ovum and a man's sperm must come together. During puberty, the ova also grow bigger.
Between the ages of nine and 15 years (on average, at 12 to 13 years), the vagina and uterus (womb) become bigger. The uterus is the organ in which a baby grows. The vagina is a tube leading from the uterus to the outside of the body. The opening of the vagina is inside the vulva, in between the legs. A clear or whitish fluid may start to flow out of the vagina to keep it clean. Then, about two years after the breasts start to grow, when a girl is between ten and 16 years old (on average, at 13 to 14 years), hormones made by her ovaries cause the ovaries to release an ovum, which moves into the uterus. Usually, only one ovum is released at a time. The hormones also tell the uterus to get ready for a baby, in case the ovum meets a sperm cell and gets fertilized. The walls of the uterus become thicker with extra tissue. Inside the thick part of the uterus are blood vessels and other nutrients that a baby will need to grow. If an ovum in the uterus gets fertilized, it sticks to the wall of the uterus and starts to grow. However, if the ovum is not fertilized, it does not stick. The uterus then gets rid of the ovum and the extra tissue by releasing it from the body. The tissue and blood flows out of the uterus through the vagina. This is called menstruation or having a period. The bleeding normally lasts for about three to five days, though some girls may bleed for longer or have a bit of bleeding between periods. The uterus then starts preparing for another ovum. For most girls, the time between their periods is about one month. For about two years after menstruation starts, the time between periods is not always the same. Some girls may skip a month, or have two periods close to each other. It is also normal to have cramps (rather painful squeezing feelings) or to feel bloated (swollen up) in the abdomen during periods. When many girls start having periods, they begin using sanitary napkins (also called sanitary pads) or tampons to soak up the blood and tissue. A sanitary napkin is a piece of material that is absorbent (able to take in liquids) and is worn between the vulva and underpants. A tampon is a stick of absorbent material that is placed inside the vagina.
In 2004, a survey by a Canadian magazine found that most females (25%) started masturbating when they were about 12 to 13 years old.
Body growth
Because of more hormones in the body, girls start to have more fat in their breasts, abdomen, hips, and thighs. At the age of ten years, the average girl has 6% more body fat than the average boy, but by the end of puberty, the difference is nearly 50%. The fat makes sure that a baby growing inside a pregnant woman will have enough nutrients. Also, the bones in the pelvis move further apart to make room for a larger uterus and ovaries, so there is space for a baby to grow in the uterus and to pass out of the body when it is born. The extra fat and wider hip bones that girls have give them a curvier shape.
Girls also experience a growth spurt during puberty. In the first year after puberty begins, they grow about 8 cm. They grow even faster the next year or so, then the growth slows down and almost stops when they start menstruating. After a girl's periods begin, she usually does not grow more than 5 cm taller.
Emotional changes in males and females
The large amounts of hormones in the bodies of boys and girls during puberty can also affect their emotions. Young people begin to be attracted by (drawn to) each other and thinking about what it is like to have sex. They are often worried about what other people think about them. They can also feel the urge to do things that are dangerous, such as taking drugs or too many alcoholic drinks, or smoking. They sometimes want more independence – more power to decide things for themselves – and can get angry when their parents do not allow them to do things. The brains of teenagers are still growing, and it may take a while before they are mature enough to know how to make good choices about their lives. Therefore, it may be helpful for them to follow the advice of adults they trust, even if it does not make much sense to them at the time.
Puberty Blockers
Sometimes a person's body is wrong for their gender identity. They may have male sex organs but feel that they are a female, or they may have female sex organs but identify as male. Medical operations by doctors and hormone pills can change the body, but those operations are not done on young people. Instead, doctors can give drugs that slow down or stop puberty so the person has more time to decide what to do. As of 2023, some states in the United States say doctors cannot give these drugs to young people. The talk about these drugs has become very political. These drugs were usually made for other reasons, such as stopping cancer. These drugs can also be used if a child starts puberty at a very early age, such as 7 or 8. The name for that situation is "precocious puberty." Going through puberty too early creates medical and psychological problems. The person might not grow as tall as they could. They might feel very different from their friends and other children in school. Girls who go through puberty early have a bigger chance of being sexually assaulted. They also have a bigger chance of becoming pregnant while still a young teenager. There might be a bigger chance that later in life they might get a cancer such as breast cancer, because there is a higher risk associated with the number of years in between when the woman went through puberty (usually defined as menarche for studies) and the first time she has a baby. Studies have shown that early-maturing boys are more likely to be sexually active and are more likely to participate in risky behaviors. One of the drugs that can be given to people with boy bodies is called Lupron Depot. It works by causing a very big drop in testosterone levels. The drugs to block or slow puberty can be given with a needle in the leg, or sometimes the shoulder. In a young person with a boy body, for some drugs, the needle is put in a testicle. Sometimes the drugs are in a patch that is under the skin of an upper arm. The patch is usually changed once a year. There is a chance that unwanted things could happen because of these drugs. These things are called side effects. There are some short term side effects, most of which are not huge problems for most people getting the drugs. The more important thing is that these drugs might have long-term effects on:
With drugs involving body chemicals called hormones that regulate things like growth, there might be a slight chance of increasing cancer risk, even though these drugs are often used as anticancer drugs.
Culture
Because puberty is the time in a child's life when he or she becomes able to make children, this is seen as very important. Therefore, people in many countries around the world practice Rites of passage to mark this change.
Arthur Machado
Arthur Machado (1 January 1909 – 20 February 1997 ) was a Brazilian football player. He played for the Brazil national team.
La Escalera tree frog
The La Escalera tree frog (Boana sibleszi) is a frog that lives in Venezuela and Guyana. Scientists have seen it between 500 and 1850 meters above sea level.
Kosciusko
Kosciusko may refer to:
Emperor Takakura
Emperor Takakura (20 September 1161 – 30 January 1181) was the 80th Emperor of Japan. He was the emperor before Emperor Antoku. Towards the end of his reign, he summoned a champion. A ruling clan, the Taira clan, showed their power by announcing their one year old son as Emperor. He was then renamed Emperor Antoku. He was not the only emperor at the time for Emperor Takakura was still Emperor. However he was given all the same privileges and power. He was there in case Emperor Takakura died, then there would straight away be another emperor in his place.
A Writing Kind of Day
A Writing Kind of Day: Poems for Young Poets is a young adult book of poetry by Ralph Fletcher, with drawings by April Ward. It was first published in 2005.
Summary
A young writer's experiences are described in twenty seven mostly free verse poems. Topics included are roadkill, Venus Flytraps, a grandmother's. Others discuss snow angels, little brothers and "Ma".
Savona
Savona is a seaport and comune in the west part of  the northern Italian region of Liguria, capital of the Province of Savona, in the Riviera di Ponente on the Mediterranean Sea.
Social democracy
Social democracy is a political ideology that has similar values to socialism, but within a capitalist framework and economy. The ideology is named from democracy where people have a say in government actions and it supports a competitive capitalist economy while also helping people in need by providing healthcare, education and social welfare. This makes it easier for people to support themselves in society by having more protection if they are unemployed or fall into poverty. It has been influenced by socialism, which places an emphasis on equal rights for everyone, and there is plenty of government ownership or regulation of various industries to protect the public interest. The ideology's movement has seen some interest in other countries whose economic systems do not work this way, because it has worked well for those who have it.
Edinaldo (footballer, born 1987)
Edinaldo Batista dos Santos (born 2 April 1987) is a Brazilian football player.
Social democracy
Despite a common belief, social democracy is very different from socialism. Social democracy’s policies keep capitalism in place and it is supportive of Keynesian economics, where the government should step in and help people in need or without jobs. Social democracy strives to achieve a balance between capitalism and socialism or a balance between the public sector and private sector in the economy.
Edinaldo (footballer, born 1987)
Club career statistics
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Indonesian Grand Prix
The Indonesian Grand Prix was an Formula One non-championship race, held by Mandalika International Street Circuit.
Social democracy
Practice versus theory
Some would argue that neither were capitalist systems empty of help for the poor and the needy. An example is England, where relief for the poor was available in every parish in the land, long before there were any government social services. The practice was known as charity. Also, Britain saw the growth of an important middle class after industrialisation took hold. So it is not completely right to think of such societies as simply composed of owners and workers, or rich and poor.
Social democrats are divided in how they see their theory and it has been a subject of much debate around the world. Terms like "market socialism" and "the third way" are efforts to rethink what social democracy means today.
Charles Russell
Charles Russell (1817-1892), known as "Black Douglas", was an Australian bushranger, who became famous for robbing miners on the road between Bendigo and Melbourne.
Early life
In 1860, Wilhelmine Guischard wrote a book called Black Douglas: An Australian Romance.
In 1926, his pistol was given to the police. Russell had forgotten it during a robbery in 1857. It was planned to be presented in the Castlemaine Art Gallery.
Kung Fu Hustle
Kung Fu Hustle is a 2004 Hong Kong action comedy movie. It was directed, co-written and co-produced by Stephen Chow, who also stars in the lead role. The other producers were Chui Po-chu and Jeffrey Lau, and the screenplay was co-written with Huo Xin, Chan Man-keung, and Tsang Kan-cheung. Yuen Wah, Yuen Qiu, Danny Chan, Eva Huang and Bruce Leung co-starred in prominent roles.
Plot
A failed member of Axe Gang wants to make big in crime world but consequences force him to go on right path
Fluid mechanics
Fluid mechanics can be divided into fluid statics, the study of fluids at rest, and fluid dynamics, the study of fluids in motion. It is a branch of continuum mechanics, a subject which models matter without using the information that it is made out of atoms.
The study of fluid mechanics goes back at least to the days of ancient Greece, when Archimedes made a beginning on fluid statics. However, fluid mechanics, especially fluid dynamics, is an active field of research with many unsolved or partly solved problems. Fluid mechanics can be mathematically complex. Sometimes it can best be solved by numerical analysis, typically using computers. A modern discipline, called Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), is devoted to this approach to solving fluid mechanics problems.
Relationship to continuum mechanics
Fluid mechanics is a subdiscipline of continuum mechanics, as illustrated in the following table.
The Duke of Edinburgh's Award
eDofE
eDofE is an online system that lets participants manage their DofE programme. It also enables leaders to look at participants' progress.
The President's Keeper
The President's Keepers: Those Keeping Zuma in Power and out of Prison is a book by an investigative journalist from South Africa about allegedly corrupt and compromised power networks in the government of President Jacob Zuma. It was written and published in 2017.
Vjekoslav Škrinjar
Vjekoslav Škrinjar (born 2 June 1969) is a former Croatian football player.
Club career statistics
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Michael Ojo
Michael Olalekan Ojo (January 5, 1993 – August 7, 2020) was a Nigerian-American professional basketball player. At 7ft 1in tall and 310 lb, he was one of the tallest and heaviest players ever to play in Serbia and Europe.
After competing in college basketball for Florida State, he played professionally for three seasons with Serbian clubs FMP and Crvena zvezda. He was born in Lagos, Nigeria.
Ojo died of a heart attack while training in Belgrade, Serbia at age of 27.
John Tonkin
He was born in Boulder City in 1902. Educated in local schools Tonkin became a teacher in rural Western Australia. An active member of the Labor Party, he was Prime Minister John Curtin's campaign manager for the 1943 election. He was elected to the Western Australian parliament for the seat of North East Fremantle (1933–1950), and for the seat of Melville (1950–1977). He was a Cabinet Minister (1943–1947), Deputy Premier (1953–1959), Leader of the Opposition (1967–1971 and 1974–1976), and Premier (1971–1974). He retired from parliament in 1977 and died in 1995.
Oliver Dowden
Oliver James Dowden (born 1 August 1978) is a British politician who is the Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom since 2023. He is also the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster since 25 October 2022 and Secretary of State in the Cabinet Office since February 2023. He has been Member of Parliament (MP) for Hertsmere since 2015.
Dowden was Minister of State at the Cabinet Office and Paymaster General in the government of Boris Johnson from 24 July 2019 to 13 February 2020. He also served as Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport from 13 February 2020 to 15 September 2021. He was also the Co-chairman of the Conservative Party and Co-Minister without Portfolio, alongside Ben Elliot. He joined the Privy Council of the United Kingdom in 2019.
In April 2023 he was also named Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom after Dominic Raab resigned.
Samayapuram Mariamman Temple
Samayapuram Mariamman Temple is a Hindu Temple. It is in Samayapuram, a suburb of Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu. The main deity of the temple is Mariamman. Mariamman is also known as "Samayapura Mariamman". The main deity is made of clay, sand with some extractions of herbs unlike traditional Mariamman deities, Hence there is no abhishekam(sacred bathing).
Followers believe that the Mariamman has enormous powers. These powers can cure any kind of disease or illness. They offer Mavilakku, a dish made up of jaggery, ghee and rice flour.
Samayapuram Mariamman Temple is the second wealthiest temple in Tamil Nadu after Palani Murugan temple. More than a thousand devotees visit Samayapuram on Sundays, Tuesdays and Fridays. These are holy days for Mariamman.
Candy Crush Saga
Candy Crush Saga is a video game that was developed by King in April 2012. As of March 2013, Candy Crush Saga is the most popular game on Facebook. It has 45.6 million average monthly users.
How to play
The aim of the game is to make matches of three or more candies vertically or horizontally. Depending on the type of level, the player must earn as much points as they can, or they must clear all the jelly, or they must allow ingredients to come to the bottom of the screen. Players can create striped candy by matching four candy in the same direction, wrapped candy if matching five candy in the shape of a T or L, or a color bomb if matching five candy in the same direction. If the player loses a level, they will lose lives. If they lose all their lives, the lives will need to recharge by time.
Review
Some players love this game because they can spend a lot of time by playing it.
Metacritic rated Candy Crush Saga as 76 out of 100.
In real life
This game appeared in Psy's music video Gentleman.
In Hong Kong, a minibus driver played Candy Crush Saga while he was in a traffic jam.
In Taiwan, a bakery provides cakes whose theme is Candy Crush Saga.
Hani Mulki
Hani Fawzi Mulki (also known as Hani Mulki; هاني الملقي; Hāni Al-Mulki; born 15 October 1951) is a former Jordanian prime minister, born in Amman, the son of former Prime Minister Fawzi al-Mulki, the first prime minister under King Hussein. He assumed the presidency of the Jordanian government in two successive terms, the first from 1 June to 25 September 2016 and the second from 28 September 2016 to 14 June 2018, which are the 99th and 100th governments since the declaration of the independence of the Emirate of Transjordan. He submitted his resignation to the Jordanian king after a wave of strikes and demonstrations in the street because of his financial policies and his attempt to impose a new income tax law despite the street's rejection.
He was a former minister for several ministerial portfolios. He held the positions of Minister of Water and Irrigation, Minister of Supply, Minister of Energy, Minister of Industry and Trade, and Minister of Foreign Affairs in 2004. On November 7, 2019, a royal decree was issued appointing him as a member of the Senate, and he remains in the position.
Education
He holds a Bachelor's degree in Production Engineering from Cairo University in 1974. Then a Master's degree in Management Engineering from the United States of America in 1977. And a Ph.D. in Systems and Industry Engineering from the United States in 1979.
Political Life
Al-Mulqi was the head of the Jordanian Council in the Peace Negotiations between Jordan and the State of Israel 1994-1996. He was Jordan's ambassador to Cairo on two terms, the first (March 1, 2002 - October 24, 2004) and the second (June 1, 2008 - February 11, 2011). Then he became an advisor to King Abdullah II from April 7, 2005 until October 1, 2007.
Mińsk Mazowiecki
Mińsk Mazowiecki (Minsk, miɲsk mazɔ'vi̯eʦki) is a town in Poland. It is the capital of Mińsk County.
Location
It has been located in the Mazovia Voivodship since 1999.
History
The town of Mińsk was founded in 1421. It has always been a town based on commerce. Before the Holocaust, it was a Polish - Jewish town. The main religion in Mińsk is Roman Catholicism. Mińsk have 37000 inhabitants.
Oraàs
Oraàs is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Alanganallur
Alanganallur is a panchayat town in the district of Madurai in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. This town is the headquarters of Alanganallur taluk and Alanganallur revenue block. The total population of this town is 11,075.
The district headquarters Madurai city is 16 km away from this town. Alagar kovil is also near by, within 18 km. Nearby places which attracts tourist are : The Thadakai Amman falls, Kodaikanal, Vaigai dam, Kumbakarai falls and Kutladampatti. There is a small dam named Sathiyar near Palamedu.
Optare Olympus
The Optare Olympus (known as East Lancs Olympus and Darwen Olympus) was a 2-axle and 3-axle low-floor double-decker bus body. It was built between 2006 to 2011 by East Lancashire Coachbuilders and then Darwen Group and then Optare respectively. It was built on Scania N230UD chassis, Scania N270UD chassis, Volvo B9TL chassis (2 or 3 axle) and Alexander Dennis Enviro400 chassis.
In 2011, the Olympus was replaced by the Optare MetroDecker
Bought by Darwen
East Lancs went into administration in August 2007 and was bought by the Darwen Group. The body was renamed Darwen Olympus.
Reverse takeover by Optare Olympus
Following the reverse takeover of Optare by Darwen Group in June 2008, the Olympus was again renamed Optare Olympus
Optare Visionaire
An open-top double-decker bus version of the Olympus, called the Visionaire, was also built.
Rhacophorus exechopygus
The spinybottom tree frog, Tramlap flying tree frog, or Tay Nguyen flying tree frog (Rhacophorus exechopygus) is a frog. It lives in Vietnam and in the Annamite Mountains in Laos, between 800 and 1400 meters above sea level. Scientists think it could also live in Cambodia.
Martim Silveira
Martim Mércio da Silveira (2 March 1911 – 26 May 1972) better known as Martín Mercío Silveyra, was an Argentine-born Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
Pope Clement II
Pope Clement II was the leader of the Catholic Church from 25 December 1046 until he died in 1047.
He was born with the name Suidger von Morsleben in Hornburg, Lower Saxony, Germany. His parents were Count Konrad of Morsleben and Hornburg and his wife Amulrad. His date of birth is unknown.
Clement II's short pontificate (time as pope) began an improvement in the way the Roman Church worked, especially by making laws against simony. Simony is when people would pay to have sacraments given to them.
Clement and the Emperor went on a journey through southern Italy to celebrate his election. Benevento was placed under an interdict (they were prevented from taking part in some Church rites) because they wouldn't allow Pope Clement to enter. Afterwards they went to Germany, where Clement made Wiborada a saint. Wiborada was a martyr who was killed praying for the people of her city.
On Henry III and Pope Clement's way back to Rome in October 1047, Pope Clement suddenly died. His body was taken to Bamberg, a place he had loved, and was buried near the Bamberg Cathedral.
Scientists studied Clement's body in the mid-20th century. They confirmed that the pope had been poisoned with lead sugar. They do not know whether he was poisoned or whether he was using the chemical as medicine.
A Father’s Diary
A Father’s Diary is a 2021 film directed by Award-winning Bangladesh-born Canadian filmmaker Golam Mustofa. The movie took home a number of prizes at film festivals in Canada, the United States, Singapore, Korea and India, including the Accolade Global Film Competition in 2021 and the Calcutta International Cult Film Festival in 2021. It also received an honorable mention at the Mumbai International Film Festival.
In 2022, Best Screenplay award was given to A Father's Diary by BUDDHA International Film Festival.
Albert Hawke
Albert ("Bert") Redvers George Hawke (3 December 1900 – 14 February 1986) was the 18th Premier of Western Australia from 23 February 1953 to 2 April 1959. He was from the Labor Party. His nephew, Bob, became Prime Minister of Australia in the 1980s.
A Father’s Diary
The 3rd Malabar Music Festival in Kerala, India, has recognised the song "Ghum Ghum Ghum" as the Best Bengali Song Video.
Plot
This movie is a story of a South Asian father who struggles to deal with his daughter and wife's decisions.
Organisation of the Commissioner for Philately and Scripophily
Organisation of the Commissioner for Philately and Scripophily was established in Moscow in 1922 by the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) for matters concerned with philately and bonds. An old Bolshevik Feodor Chuchin headed this organisation.
History
To help finance the Central Famine Relief Committee (POMGOL), VTsIK decided to sell abroad postage stamps of Imperial Russia and the newly formed governments of the Civil War period. The idea was to obtain hard currency for them. Feodor Chuchin was named in 1921 the POMGOL commissioner for matters pertaining to stamp donations.
In March 1922, the Organisation of the Commissioner for Philately and Scripophily was set up. Chuchin was appointed to supervise its activities in Soviet Russia and abroad. The sale of stamps and paper money was profitable: In the financial report for November 1922 it was indicated that the finance office of the VTsIK received deposits worth 2,970,000 rubles on the organisation's account.
The Organisation of the Commissioner for Philately and Scripophily existed till 1926 and was superseded by the Soviet Philatelic Association.
Ross McLarty
Sir Duncan Ross McLarty (17 March 1891 – 22 December 1962) was the 17th Premier of Western Australia from 1 April 1947 to 23 February 1953. He was from the Liberal Party.
Impartiality
An essential part of any of the world's legal systems is impartiality. It is important for tribunals, judges, juries and arbitrators to be impartial. It is equally important for the legal systems themselves to be impartial.
Judges and tribunals
Judges cannot favor one party over another or give more weight to one side's claims than the other. Judges learn about the law from outside the courtroom and before a trial begins. Because of this a judge may have an opinion regarding the law. When a judge expresses these views he or she is not being impartial.
Juries
In the US legal system, juries are screened and individuals selected by a process called voir dire. Both the prosecution and the defense question jury candidates before a judge. This is to see if they can remain impartial. Any person having a personal interest in the outcome of the trial or who is obviously biased may be removed. This is called striking a juror. It is rare to have more than 10% of potential jurors struck from a trial. Trial by jury began in the United Kingdom. Except for cases where there is a provision by the law, it is the right of every person accused of a crime to have an impartial jury trial. More and more criminal trials are held without a jury. The less severe crimes are tried by magistrates. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantees the right to a fair trial. In Canada juries are made up of 12 ordinary persons, male or female, who are expected to be impartial triers of fact. They decide whether the Crown (the prosecution) has made its case. Judges have the option of increasing the jury to 13 or 14 jurors, but only 12 may vote on the guilt or innocence of the accused.
Juries in Scotland have 15 jurors. In many European civil law countries and Japan, juries can be made up of laypersons and judges. Also the opposing council may not be able to strike jurors as in the United States.
Many believe the Magna Carta first guaranteed a right to trial by one's peers. The Latin judicium parium does not mean a trial by jury. The word judicium in the language of the day meant a judge. The term liber homo, usually translated as freeman, at that time were a limited class in England. So it did not mean every person.
Partygate
Partygate is an ongoing political scandal about (social gatherings or) parties that were held by the staff of United Kingdom government and Conservative Party It was made public in 2021. The parties took place during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021, when there were public health restrictions. These parties happened at 10 Downing Street and other government buildings.
In December 2021, reports of parties being held in 2020 and in 2021 were released. Prime Minister Boris Johnson often hosted these parties, though at first he denied having parties. The Metropolitan Police started an investigation over the parties.
On 12 April 2022, Prime Minister Johnson, his wife Carrie and Chancellor of the Exchequer Rishi Sunak were fined for breaking COVID protocols.
Lucien N. Nedzi
Early life
Nedzi was born in Hamtramck, Michigan. He studied at the University of Detroit and at the University of Michigan.
U.S. Representative
Nedzi was elected as a Democrat from Michigan's 1st congressional district to the 87th United States Congress in a special election in 1961 to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of United States Representative Thaddeus M. Machrowicz. He was re-elected in the 1962 election and two years later he was elected from the 14th district and every two years after that until he declined to seek re-election in the 1980 election. In all, he served from November 7, 1961 to January 3, 1981.
Nedzi chaired the House Select Committee on Intelligence, known as the Nedzi Committee, from February 1975 until he controversially resigned in June; the successor was the Pike Committee. In addition, Nedzi chaired the Joint Committee on the Library from 1973 to 1979 and the Committee on House Administration from 1979 to 1981.
Orin, Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Orin is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
List of governors of Maine
The Governor of Maine is the head of the executive branch of Maine's state government and the commander-in-chief of its military forces. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws,
The current governor is Democrat Janet Mills, who took office on January 2, 2019.
1290s
The 1290s was a decade that began on 1 January 1290 and ended on 31 December 1299.
List of Latin-script letters
This is a list of letters of the Latin script.
George Avakian
George Mesrop Avakian (Գևորգ Ավագյան; Геворк Авакян; March 15, 1919 – November 22, 2017) was an American record producer, artist manager, writer, educator and executive. He was best known for his work from 1939 to the early-1960s at Decca Records, Columbia Records, Warner Bros. Records, and RCA Records. He was born in Armavir, Russia.
Avakian worked with artists such as Louis Armstrong, Miles Davis, Duke Ellington, Benny Goodman, Dave Brubeck, Eddie Condon, Keith Jarrett, Erroll Garner, Buck Clayton, Sonny Rollins, Paul Desmond, Edith Piaf, Bob Newhart, Johnny Mathis, John Cage, Ravi Shankar, and many other notable jazz musicians and composers.
Avakian died on November 22, 2017, aged 98, at his home in Manhattan, New York.
Zé Carlos (footballer, born 1980)
José Carlos Garcia Leal (born 15 July 1980) is a Brazilian football player.
Great Ormond Street Hospital
Great Ormond Street Hospital (informally GOSH or Great Ormond Street, formerly the Hospital for Sick Children) is a children's hospital located in the Bloomsbury area of the London Borough of Camden, and a part of Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust. It started in 1852.
It is one of the largest centres for heart transplantation in the world. The trust is the largest centre for research and postgraduate teaching in children's health in Europe.
In April 1929 J.M. Barrie gave the copyright to his Peter Pan works to the hospital.
Salford
Salford is a city in England. It was made a free borough by Ranulf, Earl of Chester in about 1230. and was granted city status in 1926. Salford is unusual because it borders the city of Manchester at its center, rather than its outskirts. The two cities are divided by the River Irwell.
Salford shares the industrial history of its neighbour Manchester. It hosts several museums and art centres, chiefly: The Lowry and the Imperial War Museum, both on Salford Quays. There was a major cotton and silk spinning and weaving factory district in the 18th and 19th centuries. It was an inland port on the Manchester Ship Canal from 1894. Broadcasters moved to the Salford Quays development called MediaCityUK.
Nariz (footballer)
Álvaro Lopes Cançado (February 8, 1912 – September 19, 1984) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for the Brazilian national team.
Rosaceae
Rosaceae (rose-like plants) is a large family of plants. There are about 100-120 genera with between 3,000 and 4,000 species in them. Well-known plants from the family include:
Plants in Rosaceae usually have flowers with five petals. However, some decorative roses have many more. Species of Dryas usually have eight petals.
Subfamilies
The Rosaceae family has been divided into subfamilies; usually the following four subfamilies are used: However, it has become clear that the last three of these subfamilies cannot be divided in a clear way. Also, there is a small group that is so different from other Rosaceae, that it is now given its own name. Botanists now use only three subfamilies in Rosaceae:
Moving Day (book)
Moving Day is a young adult book of poetry by Ralph Fletcher, with drawings by Jennifer Emery. It was first published in 2006.
Thirty-four short free verse poems that express the feelings of a twelve year old boy moving from Massachusetts to Ohio. Some of the topics include packing, the discovery of long lost treasures, giving things away, and doing things one last time.
Maurizio Zamparini
Maurizio Zamparini (9 June 1941 – 1 February 2022) was an Italian businessman.
Zamparini was known for being the owner and director of Italian football club U.S. Città di Palermo between 21 July 2002 until 27 February 2017 and from 4 July 2017 until 1 December 2018.
Zamparini died from problems caused by peritonitis in Cotignola, Italy on 1 February 2022, at the age of 80.
Central Italy
Central Italy (Italia centrale or just Centro) is one of the five official statistical regions of Italy used by the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), a NUTS1 level region.
Geography
Central Italy borders to the northwest with Liguria (Northwest Italy); to the northeast with San Marino and Emilia-Romagna (Northeast Italy); to the south with Abruzzo, Molise and Campania (South Italy).
The Adriatic Sea is to the east and the Tyrrhenian Sea and the Ligurian Sea to the west.
Herbert Rettensteiner
Herbert Rettensteiner (born 26 August 1946 in Schwarzach, Austria) was an Austrian football goalkeeper. He also played for the Austrian national football team.
Central Italy
Geography
The Apennines are mountain ranges that go across Central Italy. The highest point, in the region, is Monte Vettore (42.81667°N, 13.26667°W) that is 2476 m high. The main rivers are the Arno and Tiber rivers. The largest lakes are Trasimeno, Bolsena and Bracciano.
Herbert Rettensteiner
Career
He started playing with his local club SV Lend. In 1967 he went to SK Bischofshofen and played with them in the second league. His next team was FC Wacker Innsbruck in the Nationalliga (then first league in Austria). In Innsbruck the club joined with Wattens and Wacker Innsbruck and formed SSW Innsbruck.
Central Italy
Regions
Central Italy encompasses four of the 20 regions of Italy, including 41 provinces and 985 comuniː
Herbert Rettensteiner
Career
The goalkeeper of Wattens, Friedl Koncilia, often played instead of him so Rettensteiner, after the second title with Innsbruck, went to SK VOEST Linz. In 1975 he went on to SV Austria Salzburg, where he played in the first and second division until 1982.
Weston E. Vivian
Weston "Wes" Edward Vivian (October 25, 1924 – December 4, 2020) was a Canadian-born American politician and retired engineer. He served as a member of the United States House of Representatives for Michigan's 2nd congressional district from January 3, 1965 through January 3, 1967. He was a member of the Democratic Party.
Herbert Rettensteiner
Career
In his time with Salzburg he scored two penalty goals. After the end of his professional career he became part of the coaching team of SV Austria Salzburg and was coach of SV Grödig.
Central Italy
Regions
As geographical region, however, Central Italy also includes the regions of Abruzzo and Molise, which are usually part of Southern Italy for historical reasonsː both were part of the southern Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
Herbert Rettensteiner
International
He played his first match for the national football team on 12 April 1970 against CSSR when he came on in the second half. He played his last international match in 1974.
Central Italy
Regions
The comuni with more than 100,000 persons living in them areː
Weston E. Vivian
Vivian was born in Newfoundland, Canada. He studied at Union College, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and at University of Michigan at Ann Arbor. Vivian died on December 4, 2020 in Ann Arbor at the age of 96.
Harappa
The site got little attention until the 1920s. In 2005, an amusement park scheme was abandoned during the early stages of building work. Harrapa is a beautiful place
The site contains the ruins of a city from the Bronze Age. The people living in Harappa were part of the Indus Valley Civilization.
Brendan Cole
Brendan Cole (born April 23, 1976) is a New Zealand professional ballroom dancer. From 2003 to 2018, Cole was one of the professional dancers on Strictly Come Dancing.
From 2005 to 2009, he was a judge on the New Zealand version of Dancing with the Stars. In 2007, he represented the United Kingdom in the Eurovision Dance Contest alongside Camilla Dallerup.
Personal life
In 2010, Cole married Zoe Hobbs, a British model, who gave birth to their first child, on Christmas Day 2012. In March 2018, Zoe gave birth to a second child.
National Hockey League rules
While the National Hockey League (NHL) follows the general rules of ice hockey, it is slightly different from those used in international games organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation such as the Olympics.
Kim Ki-Su
Kim Ki-Su (born 5 August 1982) is a North Korean association football player.
Club career statistics
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Missile
In military terminology, a missile is a guided airborne ranged weapon capable of self-propelled flight. In general, a missile may refer to anything thrown or launched object at a target like a javelin or darts. Nowadays, it means, mostly, a self-propelled guided weapon system. Missiles are used in war to destroy military targets. Missiles can carry explosives or other destructive loads. The loads a missile may carry are called a "payload". It is not always harmful to people.
For example, cruise missiles have carried "graphite bombs" to destroy electrical power systems without much collateral damage. Missiles are also one of the causes of explosions.
Types of missiles
The two main kinds of missiles are simple "rockets" and "guided missiles". A rocket is no longer controlled once it has been launched. Most guided missile are also propelled by a rocket engine but can be controlled after it has been launched. Some missiles used in anti-aircraft warfare, such as the AIM-9 Sidewinder, guide themselves with temperature. Others guide themselves by radar or are under radio control.
Cruise missiles are big missiles that carry large payloads to hit ground targets or to badly damage or sink ships. Ballistic missiles look similar, but they don't keep the engine off and stay at a lower height to be more accurate. Instead, they go high up and turn off the engine and crash into the target with the engine off. The Topol M is the missile in the picture and is a ballistic missile.
The V-1 flying bomb was an early cruise missile, a little airplane with a bomb, propelled by a jet engine instead of a rocket.
Abbeville
Abbeville is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
Location
Abbeville is on the Somme River, 20 km from its modern mouth in the English Channel. Most of the town is on the east bank of the Somme, as well as on an island. It is at the start of the Abbeville Canal, and is 45 km northwest of Amiens. In the medieval period, it was the lowest crossing point on the Somme. Edward III's army crossed nearby shortly before the Battle of Crécy in 1346.
Administration
Abbeville was the capital of the former province of France of Ponthieu. Today, it is one of the three subprefectures of the Somme department.
Etymology
The Romans occupied it and named it Abbatis Villa.
History
Abbeville during the ninth century was part of the diocese of Saint-Riquier. It was also an important fortress responsible for the defense of the Somme. Abbeville had a charter granted to it in 1184. Afterwards it was governed by the Counts of Ponthieu. Together with that county, it came into the possession of the Alençon and other French families. Afterwards it came into the possession of the House of Castile. By marriage it passed in 1272 to King Edward I of England. In 1435, by the treaty of Arras, it was ceded to the Duke of Burgundy. In 1477 it was taken control of by King Louis XI of France,. Later it was held by two illegitimate branches of the royal family in the 16th and 17th centuries, being in 1696 returned to the crown. In 1514, the town was the place where the marriage of Louis XII of France to Mary Tudor took place. She was the daughter of Henry VII of England. In 1685, it suffered a serious economic when the Edict of Nantes was repealed. The Protestants who were the majority of the skilled labor, left town. The town never fully recovered from the loss of their talents.
Abbeville was fairly important in the 18th century. Van Robais Royal Manufacture (one of the first major factories in France) brought great prosperity to the town. Voltaire, among others, wrote about it.
Pomarkku
Pomarkku (Påmark) is a municipality in Satakunta in Finland. It's nearby Pori and Kankaanpää. The municipality has a population of 2,196 (31 August 2017).
In the civil war, Pomarkku had a big battle with several deads.
Abbeville
History
Abbeville was the birthplace of Rear Admiral Amédée Courbet (1827–85). His victories on land and at sea made him a national hero during the Sino-French War (August 1884 to April 1885). Courbet died in June 1885 in the Pescadores Islands. His body was brought back to France and buried in Abbeville on 1 September 1885 after a state funeral. Abbeville's old Haymarket Square (Place du Marché-au-Blé) was renamed Place de l'Amiral Courbet in July 1885. This was shortly after the news of Courbet's death reached France. A statue of Courbet was erected in the middle of the square at the end of the nineteenth century. The statue was damaged in a bombing raid during World War II.