cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Donda West
Legacy
Kanye also named his tenth studio album, released in 2021, Donda, after his mother. Kanye donated student tickets to Chicago State University, the university where Donda worked at, for the listening session of the album.
Temperate rainforest
Temperate rainforests are coniferous or broadleaf forests. They are in the temperate zone, and get heavy rain.
Temperate rainforest often occur in areas which have an oceanic moist climate. In many ways, they are similar to tropical rainforests, but they are in areas that are not as hot.
The conditions are very moist, and more open to light than a tropical rain forest. The lower levels of the forest have an understory. This means that, under the trees, fungi, moss, ferns, shrubs with berries grow.
Chordoma
Chordoma is a slow growing, very rare kind of cancerous tumor.
University of Melbourne
The University of Melbourne is  in Melbourne, Victoria. Opened in 1853, it is the second oldest university in Australia, and the oldest in Victoria. The main campus is in Parkville, just north of the Melbourne CBD. It has several other campuses across Victoria. It has one of the largest financial endowments of any Australian university, standing at $1.105bn as of 2008.
Public recognition
Melbourne is one of the top universities in Australia and the world. In Australia it has a leading position in business, education, engineering, arts, law and medicine. It is the second largest research organisation in Australia after the CSIRO. In 2008, it spent AU$653.7m on research.
Students and staff
The university has over 35,000 students, and nearly 7,200 staff members. In 2008 it changed the way it organized its courses. This to be like way American and European universities work. The idea was to link to the European Union's Bologna process and get international acceptance for its degrees. many people were unhappy with these changes. Professor Glyn Davis AC is Melbourne's current vice-chancellor.
History
Melbourne University was started by the Victorian Parliament in 1853. Classes began in 1855 with three professors and 16 students. The buildings were officially opened by the Lieutenant Governor of the Colony of Victoria, Sir Charles Hotham, on 3 October 1855. The first chancellor, Redmond Barry (later Sir Redmond), held the position until his death in 1880.
At first all the buildings were built in the gothic revival style. In the 1950s a modernist style was started as the new "house style", resulting in the mix of university buildings seen today.
In 1902 the university was bankrupt when it was found out that the man in charge of the university's money, Frederick Dickson, had stolen ₤24,000. The university's annual budget was £15,000. Dickson was jailed for seven years. This resulted in a royal commission that came up with new ways of funding, and new courses including agriculture and education.
After World War II, there were more students wanting to go to a university and Melbourne University became much larger and more inclusive.
The 150th anniversary was celebrated in 2003.
Boiry-Saint-Martin
Boiry-Saint-Martin is a commune. It is in the region of Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department, in the north of France.
Autoimmunity
Autoimmunity is a medical condition where a person’s immune system attacks that person’s own body. A healthy immune system recognizes viruses, bacteria, and other pathogens, then fights them off. When a person has autoimmunity, their immune system attacks the person’s own body. It recognizes the body’s healthy cells and tissues as antigens, and reacts by attacking them. Sometimes this reaction causes severe inflammation, which can be painful and even dangerous. Sometimes the reaction is not dangerous and causes very few symptoms. Diseases caused by autoimmunity are called autoimmune diseases.
A person can suddenly develop autoimmunity. Scientists can also cause autoimmunity by injecting people with autoantigens (the healthy cells that the immune system attacks).
Humanities
The humanities include languages, literature, music, philosophy, politics, history, media, the classics, religion, and the visual and performing arts. Additional subjects sometimes included in the humanities are anthropology, area studies, communications and cultural studies, although these are often regarded as social sciences. It was popular in the Renaissance ages.
The arts are usually considered as part of the humanities. These include visual arts such as painting and sculpture, as well as performing arts such as theatre and dance, and literature. Other humanities such as language are sometimes considered to be part of the arts, for example as the language arts.
The humanities study the human condition and mostly use methods that are analytic, critical, or speculative and not as empirical as natural and social sciences.
Assaria, Kansas
Assaria is a city in Saline County, Kansas, United States. In 2010, 413 people lived there.
History
Assaria was planned out in 1879. The first post office in Assaria was created in September 1879.
Geography
Assaria is at 38.68028°N, -97.60417°W (38.680374, -97.604029). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of 0.19 sqmi. All of it is land.
People
It is part of the Salina Micropolitan Statistical Area.
2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 413 people, 159 households, and 122 families living in Assaria.
Education
Assaria is served by USD 306 Southeast of Saline.
Patricia Roberts Harris
Patricia Roberts Harris (May 31, 1924 – March 23, 1985) served as United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, the last United States Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare and the first United States Secretary of Health and Human Services in the administration of President Jimmy Carter. She was the first African American woman to serve as a United States Ambassador, representing the U.S. in Luxembourg under President Lyndon B. Johnson, and the first to enter the line of succession to the Presidency.
Georgia State University
Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Panthers. They have 16 varsity teams and they compete in the Sun Belt Conference.
Edwin Uehara
Edwin Uehara (上原 エドウィン) is a former Peruvian-Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
44||5||2||0||10||1||56||6 44||5||2||0||10||1||56||6
Unity of Heaven and humanity
Unity of Heaven and humanity is an old philosophical concept in China that can be found in various Chinese religions and philosophies. The main idea is that things like human ethics, physiology, and politics reflect Tian, which means "heaven" or "nature".
History
The concept of unity of heaven and humanity has its roots in ancient Chinese religion, where people believed in spirits and experienced trances. This early shamanistic experience can still be observed in present-day Chinese folk religion. The idea was first mentioned in the Spring and Autumn Warring States period and was further developed in Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism.
Confucianism
Dong Zhongshu referenced the concept as "heaven and mankind induction" during the Han Dynasty, while the Cheng-Zhu school of Neo-Confucianism believed it was based on the theory of the Divine Principle.
Daoism
In Daoism, the concept of Tian or "Heaven" is viewed as nature, and humans are considered to be a part of nature. The saying goes, "If there is man, there is also heaven; if there is heaven, there is also man." This belief reflects the idea that heaven and earth are interconnected and all things in the world are unified. As the philosopher Zhuangzi stated, "Heaven and earth were born with me, and all things are one with me."
KFUO
KFUO's studios are in the LCMS headquarters in Kirkwood, Missouri. The transmitter is located at Concordia Seminary in Clayton.
Unity of Heaven and humanity
Chinese medicine
The Huangdi Neijing is a traditional Chinese medicine text that supports the idea of the unity of Heaven and humanity. According to the text, humans are connected to nature and should be in harmony with the four seasons. The text emphasizes that humans participate in and are one with heaven and earth. It states that humans have a unified origin, properties, structure, and laws with heaven, which is considered an objective existence independent of human spiritual consciousness. The text also suggests that humans have spiritual consciousness and are a subject with it.
KFUO
KFUO broadcasts on the same frequency as KOA (AM) in Denver, Colorado. KOA is a clear-channel station. Because of this, KFUO must stop at night. The station's website plays sacred music when the 850 AM signal is off the air.
Unity of Heaven and humanity
Outside Chinese thought
The concept of "unity of God and humanity" in the Western world is similar to the Chinese idea of "unity of Heaven and humanity," but there are some differences. In ancient Greece, only a sorcerer with special powers could achieve the "unity of God and humanity." In Christianity, anyone who confesses their sins and accepts Jesus Christ as God's only Son can become a child of God and enter eternal life. The Islamic view emphasizes that believers should observe "good works."
KFUO
History
On February 19, 1923, Richard Kretzschmar said that there should be a Lutheran radio station. This happened at a meeting of the Board of Control of Concordia Seminary. Then they raised money from students and other Lutheran organizations. Then they started a "radio committee" to oversee the project.
Unity of Heaven and humanity
Outside Chinese thought
In Indian culture, the central theme of the Upanishads, which are great classic texts, is the unity of Brahman (Moksha). This principle is practiced by profound yogis and is similar to the Chinese idea of the unity of heaven and humanity.
KFUO
History
Soon afterwards, construction for the station began at the seminary. At this time, it was located in St. Louis. The control room and studio for the station were located in the attic of one of the seminary buildings. The license to broadcast was issued on October 25, 1924. The station went on air for the first time the next day. It broadcast a speech about the laying of the cornerstone for the new seminary being constructed in Clayton. The station was formally dedicated and began regular broadcasting on December 14, 1924. In 1927, the station moved to the new campus of Concordia Seminary in Clayton.
At first, KFUO had to share frequences with other stations. The FCC approved the station to move to 830 kHz on July 1, 1940. By September 1941, the FCC reassigned the station to 850 kHz, where it has remained to this day. It also received a "limited time" license because this was the same frequency as KOA in Denver. KFUO can only operate between 80.5 and 102.5 hours per week. The exact hours depend on the times of sunrise and sunset in Denver.
The LCMS started the FM station KFUO-FM at 99.1 MHz in 1948. At first, the FM station broadcast the same thing as the AM station. In 1975, KFUO-FM switched to broadcasting classical music. In March 2010 the FM station was sold to Gateway Creative Broadcasting. On July 7, 2010 of that year it switched to a Contemporary Christian format.
In 1997, the FCC said that the LCMS's radio stations had violated the FCC's Equal Employment Opportunity requirements. The FCC said that KFUO and KFUO-FM did not hire enough minorities, women, and non-Lutherans. The LCMS lost an appeal within the FCC, and then appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. That court found, in Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod v. FCC (1998), that the FCC's requirements were unconstitutional.
KFUO began streaming its broadcast on the station's web site, kfuo.org, in 1998. In 2004, KFUO started its HD radio station, the first in Missouri.
In 2008, there was a controversy about the theological talk show, Issues, Etc.. The program was removed from the station on March 18. The producer and host were also fired. Three weeks later, the management of KFUO announced that Issues, Etc. was canceled because the station did not have enough money for it. The station did not make its financial information public. About 75 people had a peaceful protest outside the LCMS International Center to question the station's motives. More than 7,000 people signed a petition online to ask for the program to be returned. The program started again on another local Christian radio station on June 30, 2008. On March 13, 2012, the program returned to KFUO. The company that now produces it, Lutheran Public Radio, now pays KFUO for airtime.
The Princess Switch
The Princess Switch is a 2018 American Christmas romantic comedy movie directed by Mike Rohl from a screenplay by Robin Bernheim and Megan Metzger. The movie stars Vanessa Hudgens, Sam Palladio and Nick Sagar.
It was released on November 16, 2018, by Netflix. A sequel was released in 2020.
Plot
One week before Christmas, a duchess switches places with an ordinary woman from Chicago, who looks exactly like her, and they each fall in love with each other's beaus.
George Mason University
George Mason University (also known as GMU or "Mason") is a public university in Fairfax, Virginia. The university has about 32,562 students. It was founded in 1957. The current president of the university is Alan G. Merten.
Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Patriots. They have 22 varsity teams, most of which compete in the Atlantic 10 Conference (A10). Mason has different conference memberships in two sports that the A10 does not sponsor. The men's volleyball team plays in the Eastern Intercollegiate Volleyball Association, and the wrestling team is a member of the Eastern Wrestling League.
Bois de Boulogne
The Bois is the second-largest park in Paris, a bit smaller than the Bois de Vincennes on the eastern side of the city. It covers an area of 8.46 square kilometres, which is 2.5 times larger than Central Park in New York, and comparable in size to Richmond Park in London.
Within the boundaries of the Bois de Boulogne are an English landscape garden with several lakes and a cascade; two smaller botanical and landscape gardens; a zoo and amusement park; a complex of greenhouses holding a hundred thousand plants; two tracks for horse racing; a tennis stadium where the French Open tournament is held each year; and other attractions.
James Madison University
James Madison University is a public university in Harrisonburg, Virginia. The university has about 18,971 students. It was founded in 1908. The current president of the university is Dr. Linwood H. Rose.
Sports
The athletics teams of the university are called the Dukes. They have 19 recognized varsity teams, six for men and 13 for women, with almost all competing in the Sun Belt Conference.
Lamar Alexander
Andrew Lamar Alexander, Jr. (born July 3, 1940) is an American politician. He was a United States senator from Tennessee from 2003 to 2021. He is a member of the Republican Party. Alexander was conference chair of the Republican Party in the US Senate from 2007 to 2012.
He unsuccessfully ran for the Republican presidential nomination in 1996 and 2000.
Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban Development for Housing
The Assistant Secretary for Housing, who also carries the title Federal Housing Commissioner, is a position within the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. The Assistant Secretary is responsible for overseeing the $400 billion Federal Housing Administration insurance portfolio. He or she also oversees the Department of Housing and Urban Development's regulatory responsibilities in the areas of the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, the housing mission of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and the manufactured housing industry.
Lamar Alexander
In December 2018, Alexander announced his retirement from the Senate by not running in the 2020 election.
Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban Development for Housing
The Federal Housing Commissioner is appointed by the President and confirmed by the United States Senate. The Assistant Secretary is third in the order of succession for the office of Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. The Assistant Secretary is paid at level IV of the Executive Schedule, meaning he or she receives a basic annual salary of $143,000. The incumbent Federal Housing Commissioner is Brian D. Montgomery, who was confirmed in February 2005. The previous Federal Housing Commissioner was John C. Weicher.
Arrondissement of Valence
The arrondissement of Valence is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Drôme département in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. Its capital is the city of Valence.
Geography
The arrondissement of Valence is the most northern of the arrondissements of the department; it is the smallest arrondissement of the department, with an area of 1884.4 km2, but the one with more people living in it, with 314,233 inhabitants and a population density of inhabitants/km².
The arrondissement of Valence is bordered to the north and east by the Isère department, to the south by the arrondissement of Die and to the west by the Ardèche department.
Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.
There are 12 cantons in the arrondissement of Valence: they are:
Communes
The arrondissement of Valence has 105 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes):
The communes with more inhabitants in the arrondissement are:
Victor, Idaho
Victor is a city in Idaho in the United States.
Forest of Fontainebleau
The Forest of Fontainebleau (Forêt de Fontainebleau, or Forêt de Bière, meaning "forest of heather") is a mixed deciduous forest sixty kilometres southeast of Paris, France.
It is mostly in the arrondissement of Fontainebleau in the southwestern part of the department of Seine-et-Marne. Parts of it are in adjoining cantons, and even as far west as the town of Milly-la-Forêt in the neighboring department, Essonne. Several communes are in the forest, notably the towns of Fontainebleau and Avon. The forest has an area of 280 km2.
Plants and animals
The most common trees in the forest are: oak (44%), Scots pine (40%), and European beech (10%). Three thousand species of mushrooms have been discovered. The forest is also home to approximately seven thousand animal species, five thousand of which are insects.
Satellite Award for Best Costume Design
The Satellite Award for Best Costume Design is one of the Satellite Awards. It is given each year by the International Press Academy.
Coconut palm
The coconut is a palm tree in the family Arecaceae (palm family). It is a large palm, growing to 30 m tall. It has leaves that are 4–6 m long. The term coconut refers to the fruit of the coconut palm.
There are many coconut palms on the coasts of Indonesia, India, America, South Sudan, Bangladesh and Tanzania. People of this area use coconut milk in cooking. Women use coconut oil as oil for their hair. The coconut's shell is relatively hard, but can be broken. Because its shell is hard, it can be used as an ingredient to make craftworks.
Shawarma
It was first introduced by people from Turkey. They call it çevirme, which means "turning", because the meat can be turned around in the oven, but the Arabs changed its recipe from the Turkish Doner kebab.
Coconut palm
Coconut milk is also used in many drinks. Coconut oil is often in food and soaps. People in Sri Lanka use coconut flowers for wedding celebrations. In the Maldives it is the National tree.
The coconut is not actually a nut, but is in fact a drupe. Coconuts grow in tropical countries. The flesh of a coconut is white and can be eaten raw or used in cooking. It is used in many of the foods we eat for flavour. It is native to tropical areas.
Seed dispersal
Coconuts floats on water and can float to another island and germinate there. It has often been noted that coconuts can travel up to 110 days, or 3000 miles, by sea and are still able to germinate.
Cooper pair
A Cooper pair is a pair of free electrons within a solid that act together as one quasiparticle and in large numbers give rise to superconductivity.
Physicists explain superconductivity by describing what happens when temperatures get cold. The thermal energy in a solid or liquid shakes the atoms so they randomly vibrate, but this gets less as the temperature drops. Electrons carry the same negative electric charge which makes them repel each other. At higher temperatures each unbound electron behaves as if it were a free particle. There is also however a very weak attraction between electrons when they are in any solid or liquid. This is due to the way bound electrons distort the spacing of the atomic structure they find themselves in. At relatively rather large distances (many hundreds of nanometers apart) and low temperatures (near absolute zero), the attractive effect and lack of thermal energy allows pairs of electrons to hang together. This is called a cooper pair and it is a quasiparticle, that is it acts as if it were a new kind of particle in its own right even though it is made up of two fundamental electrons.
Many overlapping cooper pairs can exist in the same nanometer sized space. Since paired electrons constitute a boson the motions of all of the cooper pairs within a single superconductor synchronise and they function as if they are a single entity. This is known as the Bose–Einstein condensation. The Cooper pairs form this condensate, which is superfluid or super-conducting. Small disturbances such as scattering of electrons are forbidden in this state as long as the temperature remains low. It moves as one showing no resistance to its motion. It is hence now a superconductor.
Togo
Togo is a small country in West Africa. It is bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. The capital city Lomé is located along the Gulf of Guinea. In 2016, about 7.5 million people lived there. The official language is French. Togo was a hub of the Atlantic slave trade for Europeans. Togo was a part of the Slave Coast. Many Togolese descendants live in the Americas. The country is known for Voodoo. Togo is also known for its various flora and fauna. Monkeys, snakes, and lizards are numerous in many areas in Togo.
History
From the 11th century to the 16th century, various tribes entered the region from all directions: the Ewé from the east, and the Mina and Guin from the west; most of them settled in coastal areas. The Portuguese explored the area in the late 15th century. As Togoland, it became a protectorate of Germany in 1884. After World War I, Togo was ceded to the French. Togo gained independence from French rule in the 1960s. General Gnassingbé Eyadéma became the military leader in 1967. When Eyadéma resigned in 2002 and later died in 2005, his son, Faure Gnassingbe became president. In June 2022, Togo joined the Commonwealth of Nations.
Kris Kobach
Kris William Kobach (born March 26, 1966) is an American politician who is the 45th and current Attorney General of Kansas since 2023. He was the 31st Secretary of State of Kansas from 2011 to 2019. He served as Chairman of the Kansas Republican Party from 2007 to 2009.
Togo
Economy
The economy of this small African country is based on agriculture. Agriculture provides jobs for 65% of the labor force according to the CIA Factbook. Agricultural products include coffee, cocoa, cotton, yams, cassava (tapioca), corn, beans, rice, millet, and sorghum. Industries include phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement, handicrafts, textiles, and beverages.
Kris Kobach
Kobach was the Republican candidate for Governor of Kansas after beating incumbent Governor Jeff Colyer in the primaries by 345 votes. He lost to Democrat Laura Kelly in the general election.
Togo
Government
The president of Togo is elected for 5 years. The president is also the commander of the armed forces. The president also has the right to begin legislation and dissolve parliament.
After Togo's independence from France, General Gnassingbé Eyadéma became the military leader. When Eyadéma died in 2005, his son Faure Gnassingbe became president. During his re-election campaign, he helped get port concessions in Lomé extended for Bolloré Groupe from 10 to 35 years in exchange for help from the group's public relations subsidiary Havas. In a 26 Feb 2021 civil hearing at the Paris judicial court, French billionaire Vincent Bolloré, along with associates Gilles Alix and Jean-Philippe Dorent, pleaded guilty to corrupt practices in Togo. The President of the court rejected the negotiated plea bargain and ordered that the three be tried in criminal court. In the same trial, Bolloré SE was fined $12 million.
Regions
Togo is divided into 5 regions. The regions are divided into 30 prefectures and 1 commune. From north to south the regions are Savanes, Kara, Centrale, Plateaux and Maritime.
Cities
The largest cities in Togo are:
Religion
About 51% of the population has local beliefs, 29% is Christian, and 20% Muslim.
Food and drink
The Togolese enjoy many foods including tropical fruits, pastries, and many different products made from peanuts. Major drinks include tea, coffee, and wine. Togolese often snack on plantains and French donuts or beignets.
Kris Kobach
On July 8, 2019, Kobach launched his 2020 campaign for the United States Senate seat of retiring Senator Pat Roberts. He lost the Republican nomination to U.S. Representative Roger Marshall in August 2020.
Kobach was born in Madison, Wisconsin. He studied at Harvard University, University of Oxford, and at Howard University School of Law. He served on the Overland Park City Council. Kobach was a professor of constitutional law at the University of Missouri–Kansas City.
Oxyrhynchus hymn
The Oxyrhynchus hymn is a Christian Greek religious song with lyrics and musical notation from the 3rd century AD. The hymn was written on a manuscript that was discovered in 1918 in modern Egypt, published in 1922, and now preserved in Oxford University.
Description
The lyrics of the Oxyrhynchus hymn were written in the Greek language. They use poetry to summon silence in praise of the Holy Trinity, a motif of ancient Greek hymns called cosmic stillness. The music of the Oxychynchus hymn is composed in Greek vocal notation. Overall, the Oxyrhynchus hymn illustrates the historical continuity of Greek culture where educated Christian Greeks accepted and used the musical notation of their ancient Greek ancestors. Also, it is the only surviving piece of Christian Greek music from the first 400 years of Christianity.
Text
The Phos Hilaron and the Oxyrhynchus hymn are the earliest existing Greek hymns used in Christian worship, but are not based on the Bible.
Boiry-Sainte-Rictrude
Boiry-Sainte-Rictrude is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Twin Falls, Idaho
Twin Falls is a city in Idaho in the United States. It is the county seat of Twin Falls County, Idaho. The 2010 population was 44,125. The estimated population for July 1, 2014 is 46,528.
History
In 1900, I. B. Perrine founded the Twin Falls Land and Water Company to build an irrigation canal in the area now known as Twin Falls. One of the investors was named Stanley Milner. By 1903, Perrine and his investors had government approval to build a dam on the Snake River. The dam was finished in 1905. It is now called Milner Dam. It allows farmers in the area to irrigate their crops.
In 1904, some property in the area was sold off to start a few towns. One of those towns was Twin Falls. The others include Buhl, Filer, Hansen, Kimberly, and Murtaugh. Many of those towns were named for the original investors in the Twin Falls land and Water Company.
Twin Falls was incorporated on April 12, 1905 as a village.
On February 21, 1907, Twin Falls became the county seat of the new Twin Falls County. Prior to that, the city was part of Cassia County.
On September 8, 1974, Evel Knievel attempted to jump the Snake River Canyon on a rocket cycle at a site close to Twin Falls. The attempt failed. Located on private property at 42.597°N, -114.423°W, the ramp's base remains in place as of January, 2016. Evel Knievel was paid six million dollars (US) for trying to jump the canyon. The payment was promised no matter the outcome of the attempt.
War of the Third Coalition
The War of the Third Coalition was a European War during the years 1803 to 1806. During the war, France and the countries it conquered, led by Napoleon I, defeated an alliance, called The Third Coalition. The Third Coalition was made up of the Holy Roman Empire, Russia, Britain and others. The main fighting in Central Europe ended with Napoleon's victory at the Battle of Austerlitz in 1805 but a smaller campaign continued in Italy until Napoleon won there, too.
José Castillo (infielder)
José Castillo Rondón (March 19, 1981 – December 6, 2018) was a Venezuelan professional baseball infielder. He played for the Pittsburgh Pirates, San Francisco Giants, and Houston Astros of Major League Baseball (MLB) and the Chiba Lotte Marines and Yokohama BayStars of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). He was born in Las Mercedes, Guárico, Venezuela.
Castillo and Luis Valbuena were killed in a car crash on December 6, 2018 in Yaracuy, Venezuela, aged 37.
Wallace, Idaho
Wallace is a city in Idaho in the United States. It is the birthplace of the Hollywood actress, Lana Turner. The famous 1997 disaster movie Dante's Peak, starring Pierce Brosnan and Linda Hamilton, was shot in the town, where the local population played as extra characters.
Amateur radio
Amateur radio is a hobby for people who like to talk using radio transmitters. Many people enjoy using amateur radio to talk to other amateur radio hobbyists in other countries. Amateur radio hobbyists also use their radio transmitters to get help in emergencies. Amateur radio is often called Ham Radio. Many people use their amateur radios for fun. People who use Amateur radio are often called amateur radio operators, hams or amateurs.
During a disaster or emergency, amateur radio can be used to get help. When telephones do not work, it may be the only way to communicate. Some radio hobbyists volunteer to listen to emergency band frequencies in case there are distress calls. If the volunteers hear a distress call, they notify the appropriate authorities (for example the police or the Coast Guard).
License
People must have a license to use Amateur radio. In most countries users must pass a test to get a license. In some countries there is more than one license grade. In some countries, people can use Amateur radio if they have a license from their home country.
There are many clubs for Amateur radio in many countries. These clubs do many things as a group and help people get their Amateur radio license.
Talking
Amateur radio operators talk to each other in many ways. Some people talk with their voice, others use computers, television, or Morse code. They use many ways to get their signals to others. Most use shortwave radio signals that bounce off the sky. Some bounce off the moon or a satellite. Amateur radio operators have many ways to talk using the radio. Amateur radio satellites are called OSCAR's - Orbital Satellites Carrying Amateur Radio. Hams can also talk to astronauts and cosmonauts aboard the International Space Station (ISS).
Fun
There are many ways to have fun with amateur radio. There are many games and contests. Amateur radio operators try to talk with as many others as possible. They then mail each other postcards called QSL cards to confirm the contact. Contesters may try to see how far they can talk, or to how many different people they can talk.
Some hide a transmitter which sends out a signal and others try to find it using receivers. This is called radio direction finding or fox hunting. Sometimes the event is done with cars, or as a foot race.
In India
Amateur radio is practised by over 15,000 licensed users in India. The first amateur radio operator was licensed in 1921. By the mid-1930s, there were around 20 amateur radio operators in India. Amateur radio operators have played an important part in the Indian independence movement with the setting up of pro-independence radio stations in the 1940s.
Rule, Britannia!
"Rule, Britannia!" is a British patriotic song. The text comes from a poem by James Thomson. The music was written by Thomas Arne. It was originally the final movement of Arne's play, Alfred.
Lyrics
This version is taken from The Works of James Thomson by James Thomson. It includes the full text of Alfred. When Britain first, at Heaven's command Arose from out the azure main; This was the charter of the land, And guardian angels sang this strain: "Rule, Britannia! rule the waves: "Britons never will be slaves."
Thee haughty tyrants ne'er shall tame: All their attempts to bend thee down, Will but arouse thy generous flame; But work their woe, and thy renown. "Rule, Britannia! rule the waves: "Britons never will be slaves."
To thee belongs the rural reign; Thy cities shall with commerce shine: All thine shall be the subject main, And every shore it circles thine. "Rule, Britannia! rule the waves: "Britons never will be slaves."
The Muses, still with freedom found, Shall to thy happy coast repair; Blest Isle! With matchless beauty crown'd, And manly hearts to guard the fair. "Rule, Britannia! rule the waves: "Britons never will be slaves."
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
The Fundamental Orders were passed by three towns in Connecticut in 1639. The orders were the first constitution in the American colonies.
Carmelo Borg Pisani
Carmelo Borg Pisani (August 10, 1915–November 28, 1942) was a Maltese who considered himself to be Italian. Politically he was a pro-Italian Maltese and Italian nationalist. He was born in Senglea (Malta) and executed at Corradino prison in Malta.
Atomic Games
Atomic Games, Inc. was an American video game developer based in Austin, Texas. The company specialized in wargames.
Carmelo Borg Pisani
The Gold Medal of Military Valour of Carmelo B. Pisani
Carmelo Borg Pisani is the only Maltese decorated with the Italian "Gold Medal of military honor". He is also the only man -not born inside a territory that has been officially part of Italy- to have received this honor.
Atomic Games
The company was founded by Keith Zabalaoui in 1989. It is best known for developing the Close Combat series of real-time wargames, as well as the V for Victory series.
Carmelo Borg Pisani
The Gold Medal of Military Valour of Carmelo B. Pisani
"Irredento maltese e, come tale, esente dagli obblighi militari, chiedeva ripetutamente ed otteneva di essere arruolato, nonostante una grave imperfezione fisica. Come camicia nera partecipava alla campagna di Grecia, durante la quale contraeva una infermità per cui avrebbe dovuto essere sotto posto ad atto operatorio, al quale si sottraeva per non allontanarsi anche solo per pochi giorni dal campo di battaglia. Conseguita la nomina ad ufficiale della milizia artiglieria marittima, chiedeva insistentemente di essere utilizzato in una rischiosissima impresa di guerra, alla quale si preparava in lunghi mesi di allenamento e di studio, in perfetta serenità di spirito e in piena consapevolezza della gravità del pericolo. Catturato dal nemico, riaffermava di fronte alla corte marziale britannica di Malta la sua nazionalità italiana e cadeva sotto il piombo del plotone di esecuzione al grido di: " Viva l'Italia a Malta. Fulgido esempio di eroismo, di fede, di abnegazione e di virtù militari, che si riallaccia alle più pure tradizioni dell'irredentismo. - Malta, 1942."
Atomic Games
Because of cancellation of a project titled Hammer's Slammers, in December 2000, Atomic Games gor fired its entire staff, only keeping three executives.
Carmelo Borg Pisani
The Gold Medal of Military Valour of Carmelo B. Pisani
Translation: "Maltese unredeemed and, as such, exempt from military service, repeatedly sought and was granted to be enlisted, despite a severe physical imperfections. As black shirt participated in the Greek campaign, during which contracted an illness that should have been under way for surgical procedure, which is subtracted for not even for a few days away from the battlefield. Awarded to the official appointment of the maritime militia artillery, insistently she asked to be used in a risky enterprise of war, to which he prepared in the long months of training and study, in perfect peace of mind and in full awareness of the severity of hazards. Captured by the enemy, reaffirmed in front of the British court martial of Malta his Italian nationality and came under the lead of the firing squad shouting "Long live Italy in Malta. The shining example of heroism, faith, sacrifice and virtue military, which is linked to the purest traditions of irredentism. Malta, 1942"
Atomic Games
Destineer bought Atomic Games on May 6, 2005, while collaborating on Close Combat: Red Phoenix and Close Combat: First to Fight.
Carmelo Borg Pisani
His awarded action
Born into a very well respected Catholic and Nationalist Maltese family, Pisani enrolled as a student at the Umberto Primo art lyceum, where he won a scholarship to study in Rome. In Italy he showed support for fascism and Italian irredentism.
Atomic Games
Atomic Games was developing a third-person shooter, Six Days in Fallujah, in cooperation with Konami, until the latter decided to leave from the project in August 2009. The company went on to finish the game, but never released it.
Atomic Games released the game called Breach. Destineer also owned Bold Games, and MacSoft.
Carmelo Borg Pisani
His awarded action
"Malta is not British but for usurpation and I am not a British subject were it not because of this usurpation. My real fatherland is Italy. And so it is for it that I must fight. (Malta non è inglese che per usurpazione ed io non sono suddito britannico che per effetto di questa usurpazione. La mia vera Patria è l’Italia. È dunque per lei che devo combattere). Carmelo Borg Pisani"
Atomic Games
With Avalon Hill
Atomic Games was signed to Avalon Hill in 1993 by the company's Jim Rose, and began developing Beyond Squad Leader and the World at War series for its new publisher.
The main task for Rose, hired to lead Avalon Hill's computer game division in December 1992 was to renew this section of the business because of big revenues. The two companies' first collaboration, Operation Crusader, reused the engine of the V for Victory series. PC Gamer US wargame columnist William R. Trotter named it one of the top-five wargames of 1994.
Carmelo Borg Pisani
His awarded action
When war was declared on June 10, 1940, Pisani (who had just requested the Italian citizenship) was still attending the Accademia di Belle Arti (the "National Academy of Arts" of Italy) in Rome.
Pisani believed that Malta's Latin soul was being destroyed by British rule. He also believed that the best opportunity to restore Malta to its original state was to expel the British.
To this end, Pisani joined the Fascist party of Italy and the "Black shirt" (Camicie Nere) paramilitary organisation. This led him to participate in the Italian occupation of Kefalonia in Greece with the ''Compagnia Speciale del Gruppo CC.NN. da sbarco della 50a Legione''. He decided to get the Italian citizenship in 1940. In 1941 he was enrolled in the Italian Navy as a "Sottocapo Manipolo Milizia Artiglieria Marittima".
On May 18, 1942, Pisani was sent on a secret mission to be the first Axis spy on the island of Malta. This was in line with Benito Mussolini's ambitions to have the British turn the island over to Italy.
Pisani disembarked at the "Dingli Cliffs" in Ras id-Dawwara, and transferred all his rations to the cave, which he knew well from his youth. The unusually inclement weather and the rough sea, however, washed all his possessions away within 48 hours and he was forced to wave down a British patrol boat. Upon rescue, he was brought to the Military Hospital at Mtarfa.
There, Pisani was recognized by one of his childhood friends, British Capitain Tom Warrington. He was transferred to Corradino prison, questioned, and accused of treason. On November 12, 1942, he stood trial. The public was excluded to avoid a possible hostile reaction from the Maltese Fascists; however, by this time, the fascists in Malta were either interned in Uganda or deported to Italy.
Since the "Maltese Legal Code" was suspended during the war, a jury was not convened. In addition, the judges did not consider his renouncement of British citizenship and passport, his acquisition of Italian citizenship, and his participation in combat with the Italian Army. In fact, the latter only weakened his position, since he fought against Greece, an ally of the United Kingdom. On November 19, 1942, he was sentenced to death for conspiring against His Majesty's government and for treason. His execution followed quickly in just nine days.
The King of Italy, Victor Emmanuel III, awarded him a few days after his death with the highest Italian military medal (the "Medaglia d'oro al Valor Militare alla memoria"), because he considered Carmelo Borg Pisani an Italian soldier with Italian citizenship.
His family still awaits approval to bury his body outside the garrison where was executed.
Mussolini called him a "Maltese Martyr" and created in his honor in Liguria the "Battaglione Borg Pisani" in November 1943, where other Maltese irredentists fought. His tomb is still in "Corradino" jail. Inside his own jail was found written by him: "I vili ed i servi non sono graditi al Signore" (The cowards and the servants are not esteemed by the Lord).
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