cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Bambi's Children
The main characters are Bambi's twin fawns, Geno, male, and Gurri, female; it also stars their friends, another pair of fawns named Lana and Boso. Lana and Boso are the children of Aunt Rolla, a doe met later in the course of the novel. Two more new characters are introduced—Nello and Membo, the orphans. The overall storyline is how Geno and Gurri learn the pleasures as well as downsides of nature and their forest home. Bambi, A Life in the Woods, the original story of Bambi, is much darker than the sequel. Unlike its predecessor, Bambi's Children ends when Geno begins to grow his antlers, whereas Bambi, A Life in the Woods continues until Bambi's children are born. In the end, Faline, knowing the time is right, sends off her children to live their own lives.
Redbird, Oklahoma
Redbird is a city in Oklahoma in the United States.
Bambi's Children
What may be interesting to readers is that it is not possible to determine whether Bambi's Children is a sequel to the book Bambi or a midquel as there are no references to the former which makes one able to place the latter. The language of Bambi's Children is more gentle than that of Bambi, A Life in the Woods.
Bhisadej Rajani
He was a close-friend of King Bhumibol Adulyadej. He was an author and worked as the directory of the Royal Project Foundation for the king. He was also a descendant of Siamese Vice-King Pinklao.
Rajani died on 23 July 2022 in Bangkok, Thailand at the age of 100.
Paul Gascoigne
Paul Gascoigne (born 27 May 1967) is an English retired football player. He has played for England national team.
Life
Paul Gascoigne was born in Gateshead, County Durham, on 27 May 1967. His father, John (1946–2018), was a hod carrier, and his mother, Carol, worked in a factory. He was named Paul John Gascoigne in tribute to Paul McCartney and John Lennon.
Despite having a hard and troubled childhood, Gascoigne developed a love for football. Gascoigne saw professional football as a way of earning money to provide for his family He enjoyed football, and later wrote that "I didn't have twitches or worry about death when I was playing football". He was signed on as an apprentice at Newcastle on his 16th birthday.
Club career statistics
267||45||16||9||30||9||colspan="2"|-||313||63 43||6||4||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||47||6 64||30||8||3||7||4||15||2||104||39 4||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||4||2 378||83||28||12||37||13||15||2||468||110
International career statistics
!Total||57||10
Moquegua
Moquegua is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Moquegua Region.
Auxin
Auxins and their role in plant growth were first described by the Dutch scientist Frits Warmolt Went. Kenneth V. Thimann isolated auxin and found its chemical structure to be indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Went and Thimann co-authored a book on plant hormones, Phytohormones, in 1937.
There are synthetic auxins, and in big doses they can be used as herbicides. Agent Orange is a mixture of synthetic auxins.
Miriama Rauhihi-Ness
Miriama Rauhihi-Ness (1951–2021) was a New Zealand Māori activist and social worker.
She helped organize the Polynesian Panthers, and 1975 Māori land march. She was a member of Ngā Tamatoa, which advocated for making Māori an official language.
Family
She married Tigilau Ness; they had a son, Che Fu.
Montville, Connecticut
Montville is a town in Connecticut in the United States.
Martha Karua
Martha Wangari Karua (born 22 September 1957) is a Kenyan politician. She was Minister for Justice from 2005 to 2009. She also was a member of the National Assembly from 1993 to 2013.
The Greens – The Green Alternative
The Greens – The Green Alternative (Die Grünen – Die Grüne Alternative, shortened to GRÜNE) is an Austrian political party. Its leader is Werner Kogler and it is founded 1993.
The party is a member of the European Green Party and its ideology is Center-Left. The main ideology is green politics that aims to create an ecologically sustainable society.
Margie (1946 movie)
Margie is a 1946 American romantic comedy movie directed by Henry King and starring Jeanne Crain, Glenn Langan, Lynn Bari, Alan Young, Barbara Lawrence, Conrad Janis, Esther Dale, Hobart Cavanaugh, Ann E. Todd, Hattie McDaniel. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox and was spun off into a television series in 1961.
The Lorax
The Lorax is a children's book. It was written by Dr. Seuss. It was first published in 1971. The Lorax is a small orange creature. He speaks for the trees against the greedy Once-ler. The book is a fable about industrialized society and the danger it poses to nature. It has been made into a 1972 television show and a 2012 movie. Some people criticized the book. They thought it was gloomy. They thought it was not a good book for children. Some people thought it was unfair to the logging industry.
Soft Metal Music
Soft Metal Music is a genre of music involving metal music that is not quite heavy enough to be considered heavy metal music. One notable song with this genre is "Smells Like Teen Spirit" by Nirvana. This genre includes sub genres such as Nu metal, grunge music, and heavy rock.
Arrondissement of Nevers
The arrondissement of Nevers is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Nièvre département in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. Its capital, and prefecture of the department, is the city of Nevers.
History
When the Nièvre department was created on 17 February 1800, the arrondissement of Nevers was part of that original department.
Geography
The arrondissement is in the southwestern part of the department, with an area of 2020.3 km2, the largest in area of the department. It has 118,087 inhabitants, the arrondissement of Nièvre with more people living there, and a population density of inhabitants/km².
Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.
Cajamarca
Cajamarca is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Cajamarca Region.
Arrondissement of Nevers
Communes
The arrondissement of Nevers has 82 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes):
The communes with more inhabitants in the arrondissement are:
Bette Midler
Bette Midler (born December 1, 1945) is an American actress, singer and comedian. She starred in movies including Ruthless People, Beaches and Hocus Pocus. Midler has won many awards in the entertainment industry. She was born in Honolulu, Hawaii.
Career
Midler released her first album, The Divine Miss M, in December 1972. Midler won the 1973 Grammy Award for Best New Artist because of it.
In 1979 Midler appeared in her first movie, The Rose, as the main character.
In 1998 she played Cecilia Bloom in Beaches. The movie's soundtrack featured a cover version of "Wind Beneath My Wings" sung by Midler. It reached No.1.
In 2000 she had her own sitcom called Bette. It ended after one season.
1936 Constitution of the Soviet Union
The 1936 Soviet Constitution also called the Stalin Constitution was the second constitution of the Soviet Union adopted by Joseph Stalin and it was the longest lasting of all Soviet constitutions, running for 31 years. The 1936 constitution nominally granted all manner of rights to the Soviet people. In practice however, this constitution helped cement Stalin's totalitarian power and rubberstamped the Great Purge and other Soviet purges.
List of World Chess Champions
World Chess Champions are players who have won a match or tournament for the World Championship at chess. Both men and women can become champion, but no woman has ever been a challenger for the title. There is, however, a separate championship for women. There are also separate championships for specific age groups.
La Romana Province
La Romana is a province of the Dominican Republic. It is in the southeastern part of the country. Its capital city has the same name, La Romana.
List of World Chess Champions
Before 1886, there was no official championship held, but some players were thought to be pre-eminent. From 1948 on, the World Chess Federation FIDE held the championships. Between 1993 and 2006 there were two world champion titles, the FIDE one and the classical one.
La Romana Province
It was created in 1959. It was a municipality of the El Seibo province before being elevated to the category of province.
List of World Chess Champions
The 2013 World Championship match took place between Anand and Magnus Carlsen (challenger) in Chennai, the capital of Tamil Nadu, where Anand grew up. Usually, world champions had been played on neutral ground. Fischer played Spassky in Iceland; Alekhine played Capablanca in Buenos Aires. The Soviets always played in Moscow. However, sponsorship is needed for these matches, and the decision to accept the Chennai bid was taken by FIDE. The Challenger was victorious winning 3 games and achieving the necessary 6.5 points to win the title at the end of game 10.
La Romana Province
Location
La Romana province is in the southeast part of the country. It is bordered to the northwest by the El Seibo province, to the northeast and east by the La Altagracia province and to the west by the San Pedro de Macorís province. The Caribbean Sea is to the south.
List of World Chess Champions
Ding Liren (since 2023 and from China) is the current World Chess Champion.
La Romana Province
History
The province was created in 1944 with the name of La Romana, with two municipalities: La Romana (the capital city) and Higüey; before that date, it was part of the El Seibo province. But that same year, the name of the province was changed to La Altagracia. Its original name was given back to the province in 1961 when the new La Altagracia province was created.
List of World Chess Champions
Some players and authors before 1821
These players are included (pre-18th century) on little more than opinion, and (18th century) on the basis of more substantial information. Some authors of important early works on chess are noted.
La Romana Province
History
Guaymate was made a municipality of the province in 1971 and Villa Hermosa in 2004. Cumayasa was made a municipal district in 2004 and Caleta in 2006.
List of World Chess Champions
World Champions pre-FIDE
These players are included on the basis of their winning matches against credible opponents. Champions are numbered from Steinitz onwards, because his match against Zukertort was publicly declared as a world championship and generally accepted.
La Romana Province
Population
In (last national census), there were 0 people living in the La Romana province, and 231,312 (NaN%) living in towns and cities; it is one of the few provinces of the country where most of the people lives in cities. The population density was persons/km², one of the highest in the country.
List of World Chess Champions
FIDE world champions 1948–1993
Long matches, initially best of 24 games.
La Romana Province
Population
Its population represents NaN% of the total population of the country and the province is ranked as the 10th (out of 31 plus the National District) more populated province.
List of World Chess Champions
FIDE world champions 1993–2006
These knock-out events are separately numbered.
La Romana Province
Population
, the total estimated propulation of the province is 262,551 inhabitants.
List of World Chess Champions
Classical world champions 1993–2006
These are matches of the traditional kind, and of 15 or 20 games.
La Romana Province
Population
The largest city of the province is La Romana, its head municipality or capital, with a population (in ) of 130,426 inhabitants.
Watts, Oklahoma
Watts is a town in Oklahoma in the United States.
La Romana Province
Population
Blacks are the main ethnicity of this providence, at 90% of the population. The rest of the 10% is mostly composed of mulattoes.
Geography
The La Romana province has a total area of 652.1 km2. It has 1% of the area of the Dominican Republic, one of the smallest province of the country, and it is ranked as the 30th (out of 31 plus the National District) largest province.
List of World Chess Champions
Undisputed world champions 2006–present
Various formats have been used, especially during Carlsen's tenure.
La Romana Province
Geography
The altitude of La Romana, provincial capital, is 36 m.
Richard Hugo
Richard Hugo (December 21, 1923 – October 22, 1982), born Richard Franklin Hogan, was an American poet and teacher.
Books of the Bible
The Books of the Bible are the different sections of the Bible. Each book has a different name. Most of the time the book is named after the person who maybe wrote the book. Although that is not always the case. Different religions, and different denominations of Christianity, have different books or sections in the Bible. These different groups accept different books. These groups also use different names for the same books. The stories in the "Books of the Bible" are very similar for all religious groups. Some people use a trick and ideas to memorize the Bible.
Lindane
Lindane is an insecticide. It can be used to kill insects. The European Union allows its use as an insecticide since 2008. This is because it takes a very long time to decay. Checks are now getting done to see how bad to humans it really is. It can cause diseases such as Cancer or Parkinson's disease.
Richard Hugo
From 1977 to 1982 he was the judge for the Yale Younger Poets series.
Lindane
The World Health Organization classifies Lindane as "Moderately Hazardous". International trade with it is restricted and regulated under the Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent. Over 50 countries have banned it. It might be included in Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants. This would make it illegal to produce or use it all over the world.
Richard Hugo
Hugo was 58 years old when he died of leukemia in 1982.
Books of the Bible
Below, there is a list or table that compares the Books of the Bible in Judaism and in the Catholic, Protestant, Greek Orthodox, Slavonic Orthodox, Georgian, Armenian Apostolic, Syriac, and Ethiopian Churches. The table covers both the Old Testament and the New Testament. For a detailed discussion of the differences, see "Biblical canon".
The Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and Eastern Catholic churches may have small differences in the lists of books that they accept. If at least one Eastern church accepts a book, then that book is listed in this table. The Eastern churches accept all of the books that the Roman Catholic Church accepts.
Old Testament
If a table cell has an asterisk (*), it means that a book is used, but in a different order. Empty cells mean that the book is not used. These books are often called apocrypha. This word is sometimes used specifically (and possibly negatively) to describe the books in the Catholic and Orthodox canon that are not in the Protestant Bible. Orthodox and Catholic Christians call these books deuterocanonical, which means second canon.
La Romana Province
Geography
There are only a few low hills in the province and almost all the land is flat. The most important rivers are:
Books of the Bible
New Testament
Most Christian groups agree about the New Testament canon (the list of books in the New Testament) but some groups put books in a different order (place).
Huánuco
Huánuco is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Huánuco Region.
Books of the Bible
New Testament
The Ethiopian Orthodox Church has a few other books in its canon (list of books): Jubilees, Book of Enoch, and The Rest of the Words of Baruch (4 Baruch).
The Peshitta does not have 2-3 John, 2 Peter, Jude, and Revelation, but Bibles of the modern Syriac Orthodox Church do have later translations of those books. They also have the Letter of Baruch (Baruch, is called a deuterocanonical book of the Bible). Today the Syrian Orthodox Church only uses lessons from the twenty-two books of Peshitta in its official lectionary (list of Church readings).
Third Epistle to the Corinthians was once part of the Armenian Orthodox Bible, but it is not in modern editions (printed versions).
Anglican Apocrypha
The Anglican Church accepts the same order of books as the Vulgate (Catholic 16th Century) Bible. The 39 Articles (an Anglican list of doctrines or important beliefs) says that these Books of the Bible are Apocrypha:
Adina Nanu
Adina Nanu (4 August 1927, Bucharest - 23 March 2021 Bucharest) was a Romanian literary critic and historian of art. She was awarded the 	National Order of "Faithful Service, and Order of Labor, Second Class.
La Romana Province
Geography
The small islands of Saona and Catalina are part of the province.
Adina Nanu
Adina Nanu started teaching Art History at the Academy of Art in Bucharest. She was a member of the Union of Fine Artists in Romania.
La Romana Province
Geography
The main protected area in the province is the Parque Nacional del Este ("Eastern National park").
Climate
The climate of the province is a tropical climate, hot most of the year.
Economy
There are several important industries in the province; the oldest and one of the most important is the production of sugar. There is also a very important zona franca ("free zone" where the industries do not pay taxes and all the production is sent to other countries).
Tourism is very important in the province, around the capital city and with many people going to the beaches in the Saona and Catalina islands.
Commensalism
Commensalism is a type of relationship between two organisms. In commensalism, one organism is helped while the other is not affected. In practice, it is difficult to show that the passive organism is not harmed. For example, some birds live in holes in trees. Does this damage the tree? Mites, which cannot fly, often hitch a ride on insects. Does this affect the insect's fitness? There is no definite answer to such questions.
Orchids, mosses, and lichens all grow on tropical trees. They need sunlight, and by being higher up they get to the sunlight. All that can be said for sure is that the trees continue to live and reproduce, and so it is assumed that these epiphytes do not affect their host plant.
Pierre-Joseph van Beneden (1809–1894) introduced the term into evolutionary biology and ecology in the 1870s.
Amensalism
Amensalism is a symbiotic relationship in which one organism is harmed or inhibited and the other is unaffected. Examples of amensalism include the shading out of one plant by a taller and wider one and the inhibition of one plant by the secretions of another (known as allelopathy).
Shelter
A shelter is a place where someone or something is put in or goes to be kept safe or hidden. It can also be any place where people live that "shelters" (protects) them from any danger such as the weather.
Littlest Pet Shop (video game)
Littlest Pet Shop is an video game that was made by Electronic Arts. It is part of the Littlest Pet Shop series. The video game was released on the PC, Wii, and Nintendo DS. The game was released on October 14, 2008 in North America.
Shelter
There are different kinds of shelters and they are for used for different reasons. bomb shelters and fallout shelters.
Plant hormone
Plant hormones (or Phytohormones) are chemicals that regulate plant growth. In the UK they are called 'plant growth substances'. The best known plant hormone is auxin.
Littlest Pet Shop (video game)
History
In August 2007, Electronic Arts gained the rights to some Hasbro brands, like Monopoly, Littlest Pet Shop, and Nerf. In February, EA Casual Entertainment announced that their EA Salt Lake Studio would develop and release Littlest Pet Shop and Nerf N-Strike.
Fumaric acid
Fumaric acid is a chemical substance that occurs in various plants. It also occurs as a by-product at various times in the human body. In chemistry it is used for food preservation. It is known as E 297. Usually it replaces citric acid. In medicine, it is used to treat various diseases of the skin, such as Psoriasis.
Shelter
Currently, Women's Shelters are found around the United States, United Kingdom, and many other First World countries. In these places, women are there to hide or are running away from abusive or dangerous situations. In these shelters, they are given food and a place to stay for an amount of time (usually 1-3 months at a time). They are put into a support group and given a temporary counselor. There is a high success rate in this type of place.
Buto
Buto or Butos or Butosos, was the later, Greek name for an ancient Egyptian city 95 km east of Alexandria in the Nile Delta of Egypt. It is the modern Kem Kasir.
History
Buto originally was two cities, Pe and Dep, which merged into one city that the Egyptians named Per-Wadjet. The goddess Wadjet was its local goddess, often represented as a cobra, and she was considered the patron deity of Lower Egypt.
The city was an important site in Ancient Egypt since more than ten thousand years. Archaeological evidence shows that Upper Egyptian culture replaced the Buto-culture at the delta when Upper and Lower Egypt were unified.
Uses
The Greek historians told that town was celebrated for its temple and oracle of the goddess Wadjet. They also told that at Buto there was also a sanctuary of Horus.
Fumaric acid
Albert Szent-Györgyi was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1937 because of his work on Fumaric acid.
James King
James King (born 24 July 1990) is a Welsh rugby union player. He plays for the Ospreys regional team having previously played for Aberavon RFC as a flanker.
In January 2012 King suffered a lacerated ear injury in a collision with Xavier Rush of the Cardiff Blues. He had to undergo emergency plastic surgery at Morriston Hospital, Swansea.
Plant hormone
Plants, unlike animals, lack glands that produce and secrete hormones. Individual cells can produce hormones. They affect which tissues grow upward and which grow downward, leaf formation and stem growth, fruit development and ripening, plant longevity, and even plant death. Hormones are vital to plant growth, and, lacking them, plants would be mostly a mass of undifferentiated cells. So they are also known as growth factors or growth hormones.
Phytohormones are found not only in higher plants, but in algae too, with similar functions. They also occur in fungi and bacteria, where they may be used to induce beneficial reactions in host plants.
Das alte Karussell
"Das alte Karussell" (, in English: "The old carousel") is a song by Swiss singer Lys Assia. George Betz-Stahl wrote it.The song was released as a single in 1956. It represented Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest in 1956.
Selection
"Das alte Karussell" participated in a national final organized by Swiss broadcaster Télévision suisse romande (TSR) in 1956. The song placed second. For that reason, TSR sent it to represent Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1956. They sent the winning song, "Refrains", too.
In the contest
The song competed in the contest. It was held in the Teatro Kursaal in Lugano, Switzerland, on 24 May 1956. Lys Assia performed it. Fernando Paggi conducted the orchestra.
It was performed second, after the Netherlands's Jetty Paerl with "De vogels van Holland" and before Belgium's Fud Leclerc with "Messieurs les noyés de la Seine". The song position is not known because the voting results were not revealed.
Notes
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Tullahassee, Oklahoma
Tullahassee is a town in Oklahoma in the United States.
Cerro de Pasco
Cerro de Pasco is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Pasco Region.
Lois Smith
Lois Smith (born November 3, 1930) is an American actress. She won a Drama Desk Award in 2006.
She has played supporting roles in movies including East of Eden, Five Easy Pieces, Resurrection, Fatal Attraction, Fried Green Tomatoes, Dead Man Walking, Tumbleweeds, Twister, and Please Give.
In television she has performed in series that include The Americans, True Blood, and Desperate Housewives.
Valery Larbaud
Valery Larbaud (29 August 1881 – 2 February 1957) was a French writer, poet, and translator.
Larbaud is well-known for translating important writing in English into French. He translated work by Sir Thomas Browne, the English novelist Samuel Butler, the U.S. poet Walt Whitman, and James Joyce.
Flag of the Faroe Islands
The flag of the Faroe Islands has a blue-fimbriated red Nordic cross on a white field.
Kikki, Bettan & Lotta
Kikki, Bettan & Lotta was a supertrio from Sweden. They were active from 2001 to 2004. It consisted of Kikki Danielsson, Elisabeth Andreassen and Lotta Engberg.
Winznau
Winznau is a municipality of the district of Gösgen in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.
Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası, ) is a landlocked exclave of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The region covers 5502.75 km2 with a population of 459,600 bordering Armenia (border 221 km) to the east and north, Iran (border 179 km) to the south and west, and Turkey (border 8 km) to the northwest.
Districts
Nakhchivan has eight administrative divisions. Seven of these are districts, while the capital city is separate.
Robert Lighthizer
Robert Emmet Lighthizer (born October 11, 1947) is an American lawyer. He was the 18th United States Trade Representative from May 15, 2017 to January 20, 2021.
Lighthizer is a partner with the law firm of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom, where he works to gain access to foreign markets on behalf of U.S. corporations. In the 1980s, he served as deputy trade representative during President Ronald Reagan's administration.
Early life
Lighthizer was born in Ashtabula, Ohio. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1969 and a Juris Doctor in 1973 from Georgetown University.
Career
From 1973 through 1978, before working in government, Lighthizer worked for the Washington, DC law firm of Covington & Burling.
In 1983, during the administration of President Ronald Reagan, he became deputy trade representative. He negotiated two dozen bilateral international agreements on subjects ranging from steel to grain.
In 1985, Lighthizer negotiated against the United States, on behalf of Brazil, in a trade dispute over ethanol. Between 1985 and 1990, Lighthizer represented five foreign clients.
He has been a long time supporter of the U.S. steel industry. He convinced Japan, South Korea, Mexico, and the United Kingdom to accept “voluntary restraint agreements” to limit the amount of cheap steel they could dump on the U.S. market.
United States Trade Representative (2017–2021)
On January 3, 2017, then-President-elect Donald Trump announced that he planned to nominate Lighthizer as U.S. trade representative, a cabinet-level position.
Lighthizer's nomination was confirmed by the United States Senate on a 82-14 vote.
Personal life
Lighthizer lives in Rockville, Maryland and has 2 children.
Potassium manganate
Properties
Potassium manganate is a green solid. It can disproportionate into potassium permanganate and manganese(IV) oxide. This happens in acidic pH. This reaction, because of its color change, is known as a "chemical chameleon".
Preparation
It is made by reacting manganese(IV) oxide with very hot potassium hydroxide. Sometimes oxygen or potassium nitrate is used as the oxidizing agent. This makes potassium manganate. Normally the potassium manganate is converted to potassium permanganate. Potassium permanganate is more common. Potassium iodide can reduce potassium permanganate to potassium manganate. It can also be made by reacting hot potassium permanganate with potassium hydroxide. This makes oxygen and potassium manganate.
Uses
Potassium manganate does not have many uses. It is mainly made when potassium permanganate is made.
Safety
Potassium manganate is a moderate oxidizing agent. When it is reduced, it can made black or brown stains on glass, clothing, or skin.
Huancayo
Huancayo is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Junín Region.
Plympton Hundred
Plympton Hundred was the name of one of thirty two ancient administrative units of Devon, England.
The parishes in the hundred were: Brixton, Plympton St Mary, Plympton St Maurice, Plymstock, Revelstoke, Shaugh Prior, Wembury and Yealmpton
Stidham, Oklahoma
Stidham is a town in Oklahoma in the United States.
Tinia
Tinia (also spelled Tin, Tinh, Tins or Tina) was the supreme deity in Etruscan mythology. He was the god of the sky and lightning, equivalent to the Roman Jupiter and the Greek Zeus. He was the husband of Thalna or Uni and the father of the hero Hercle. The element tin was named after Tinia.
The Athletic
The Athletic is a website that reports and offers opinions on sports. It is a subscription based service, and reports on both local and national sporting events. It's coverage includes professional sports leaques such as the NFL and NHL, as well as college sports, mixed martial arts, and NASCAR. The Athletic began by covering sports in Chicago. It was soon able to expand, first to Toronto, and then to Cleveland. In 2019, The Athletic began to cover sports from the United Kingdom.
Huancavelica
Huancavelica is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Huancavelica Region.
Kurt Russell
Kurt Vogel Russell (born March 17, 1951) is an American actor. He currently makes a relationship with Goldie Hawn.
Siân Berry
Siân Rebecca Berry (born 9 July 1974) is a British politician.
She was the party's candidate in the 2008 London mayoral election, and again in the 2016 election, at which she came third.
She is a member of the London Assembly and the only Green Party councillor on Camden Council, representing Highgate.
Pot-in-pot refrigerator
The pot-in-pot refrigerator, also known as a Zeer الزير in Arabic, is a food cooling device. It works by using the evaporation of water. It needs no electricity.
It is made by putting a clay pot inside a larger clay pot with wet sand in between the pots and a wet cloth on top. As the water evaporates it cools the inside, letting food stored in the inner pot to be kept fresh for some time. It must be placed in a dry, ventilated place for the water to evaporate to the outside.
Evaporative coolers perform poorly or not at all in climates with high humidity.
Mohammed Bah Abba of Nigeria patented the device in 1995 and was awarded a Rolex prize in 2000 for developing the “pot-in-pot preservation/cooling system”. However, the device was known at least as early as the Middle Kingdom of Egypt, as seen by the hieroglyphic kbb, "to cool".
Wine coolers
Earthenware wine coolers work on the same principle. They are soaked in cold water for a while, then emptied and put on the table. The pores of the earthenware are now full of water. Evaporation from the earthenware keeps white wine cool enough for several hours.
Ayacucho
Ayacucho is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Ayacucho Region.
Potassium hypomanganate
Potassium hypomanganate is a chemical compound. It contains potassium and hypomanganate ions. It is a bright blue solid. It is unstable and rare. It can be made several ways: reduction of potassium permanganate with potassium sulfite; reduction of potassium manganate with hydrogen peroxide and potassium hydroxide; and disproportionation when manganese dioxide is dissolved in potassium hydroxide. It disproportionates into potassium manganate and manganese dioxide easily. Only a strong base can stop it from disproportionation.
España Boulevard
España Boulevard is an important road in Manila, the capital of the Philippines, that has 8 lanes (4 in each direction). It starts at a roundabout or traffic circle at the boundary of Quezon City and Manila and ends at a Y-shaped intersection with Lerma and Nicanor B. Reyes Streets in Manila. It is named after the Spanish name of Spain, the Philippines' colonial power for 333 years.
Decentralization
Decentralization or decentralisation is the transfer of powers from a national government into the possession of the country's non-sovereign or semi-sovereign local governments of administrative divisions (state, provincial, municipal etc.) or to private entities or the citizens themselves.
Forensic evidence
Forensic evidence is a way of using forensic science to find out who someone is using technology to look at stuff they've touched. It is commonly used at places where crimes have taken place and are being investigated.
One of the most common types of evidence is fingerprints. When someone touches something, they leave their fingerprint on it. Using technology, people can look at the fingerprint on the object that was touched and find out who touched it.
Zaiger's Genetics
Zaiger's Genetics is an American company that breeds fruit trees. They are in Modesto, California. They have created fruits such as the Aprium (apricot and plum), the Nectarcot (nectarine and apricot), Peacotum (peach, apricot and plum) and the pluot (plum and apricot).
They are dedicated to improving fruit worldwide.
In 2009 Floyd Zaiger was named one of the "top ten most creative people in food" by Fast Company.
Zaiger's Genetics gives fruit tours to commercial growers every Wednesday. An article in Western Fruit Grower titled "Wednesdays With Floyd" described a typical Wednesday with the Zaiger family.
Callimedusa tomopterna
The tiger-striped leaf frog or tiger-striped monkey frog (Calllimedusa tomopterna) is a frog that lives in Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Guyana, Brazil, Venezuela, French Guiana, and Ecuador, and it is most common in Suriname. Scientists have seen it up in the mountains, between 280 and 1000 meters above sea level.
The adult male frog is 44 mm to 54 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 60 mm long. It is green with orange color on its sides and legs. The irises of its eyes are silver or gray.
This frog hides during the day and looks for food at night. When it is time to lay eggs, the adult frog builds a nest out of leaves on a branch hanging over the water. She puts 70 clear eggs at a time in the leaf nest. When the tadpoles hatch, they fall out of the nest into the water.
Languages of the Caucasus
The languages of the Caucasus are languages spoken by more than ten million people in the Caucasus region of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea.
Some of those language families have no known members outside the Caucasus area. The term Caucasian languages can mean only these families or all languages historically spoken in that area.
Optare Esteem
The Optare Esteem is a 2-axle single-decker low-floor bus body. It was built from 2006 to 2009 by East Lancashire Coachbuilders and then Darwen East Lancs and then Optare respectively.
The body could be built on the Scania N94UB chassis (photo), Scania N230UB chassis, Volvo B7RLE chassis, MAN 12.240 chassis, Alexander Dennis Dart SLF chassis (photo), Alexander Dennis Enviro200 Dart chassis and Alexander Dennis Enviro300 chassis (photo)).
Subsidiary
A subsidiary is a company that is controlled by its parent company. Even though a subsidiary works on its own, and its purposes are different from that of its parent company, the parent company is in control of its subsidiary.
A company's subsidiary is different from a company's division because a division works together with its parent company. A division's goal is usually similar to that of its parent company, and the division has to use its parent company's name. A subsidiary can use a name different from that of its parent company.
For example, YouTube is a subsidiary of Google, because Google is a search engine, while YouTube is a video sharing website. Google Videos is a division of Google, because Google Videos is a search engine that searches videos on the Internet. This is to match its parent company Google as a search engine. Also, YouTube has an entirely different name and logo from Google's, while Google Videos, as a division, must use Google's name and logo.
New Mexico's 3rd congressional district
New Mexico's 3rd congressional district (3.º distrito congresional de Nuevo México) is a congressional district is the U.S state of New Mexico. The district is in the north part of the state. Many Native Americans live in the district and most of the Navajo Nation is also in the district. The people who live in the district elect a person to represent the district in the United States House of Representatives. The current Representative is Democrat Teresa Leger Fernandez.
State atheism
State atheism is the discouragement or outlawing of religion within a country. State atheism is commonly associated with communist states, such as the Soviet Union and Vietnam, where it is based on Karl Marx's quote religion is the opium of the people. However, non-communist states can also be atheistic, such as Mexico during the Mexican revolution.
News of the World
The News of the World was a weekly tabloid newspaper in the United Kingdom. It was published every Sunday. It was one of the most popular English language newspapers in the world when it stopped printing in 2011. It was first a broadsheet newspaper when it started in 1843. It was last owned by News International (a part of News Corporation) and was the sister newspaper of The Sun. From 2006, the newspaper was said to have hacked the phones of people in order to find news. The News of the World ended because of this on 7 July 2011. Many members of the News of the World were arrested by police for doing this.
Colossus computer
Colossus was the world's first programmable electronic digital computer. British code breakers used Colossus for cryptanalysis during World War II.
News of the World
A Sunday version of The Sun was started in the place of the News of the World on 26 February 2012. It was called The Sun on Sunday. Some workers from the News of the World worked for this new newspaper.
Colossus computer
These messages were sent between the German High Command, and army field commanders. Reading these messages helped the Allies to win the war.
Codebreaker Max Newman worked at the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) at Bletchley Park. His problem was how to get a machine that would help turn German coded radio teleprinter messages into ordinary language. A group of Post Office telephone engineers led by Tommy Flowers worked out how to do this. Their design, which was called "Colossus" used many vacuum tubes (valves). The first machine, Mark 1, worked in December 1943 and solved its first problem in February 1944. Colossus Mark 2 was even better. It first worked on 1 June 1944, just before the Normandy Landings on D-Day. Ten Colossus computers were in use at the end of the war.
British codebreakers called the teleprinter messages "Fish". The messages had been coded by an unknown German machine. They called the machine and its coded messages "Tunny". Colossus imitated the machine and read the coded message from a punched tape. It tried various possibilities of how two of the wheels had been set up. When Colossus found likely settings for two wheels, the codebreaker designed further programs for Colossus until likely settings of other wheels were found. Colossus did not perform all of the decoding process. It just found likely settings of the machine. The output from Colossus was then worked on by people who had a very good knowledge of the German language.
After the war the British codebreakers found out that the code machine was the Lorenz SZ42. All the secret Colossus computers were taken to pieces, so that no one would find out about them. The designs were destroyed. For thirty years no one knew who made them. Between the early 1990s and 2007, a working copy of a Colossus computer was built. This can be seen at The National Museum of Computing at Bletchley Park in England.
Purpose and origins
Regular radio transmissions of "Tunny" messages started in June 1941. The British codebreakers saw that it used a five-unit code like a teleprinter system. Their research also showed that the coding was being done by a rotor cipher machine with 12 wheels (rotors). For each new message sent, the wheels had first to be turned to new positions. The start position for the message was chosen by the operator who was sending the message. He told the operator who was receiving the message what the start positions were with 12 letters that were not coded. The total number of possible start positions of the 12 wheels was very large indeed.
The coding machine added together the plaintext (the un-coded version of the message) and a stream of characters (letters, numbers, punctuation) called the keystream (a stream of seemingly random characters) that it generated to make the ciphertext (the coded version of the message). The ciphertext, which made no sense, was transmitted by radio. At the receiving end an identical machine removed the keystream to produce the plaintext of the message.
If the German operators always worked correctly, no two messages would have the same start position of the wheels. However, mistakes were made. They helped the British codebreakers. On 30 August 1941 two versions of the same message, which was nearly 4,000 characters long, were sent with the same wheel start positions. This mistake was very useful to the research codebreakers. A codebreaker called John Tiltman was able to get the keystream from these messages.
The codebreakers tried to work out the details of the machine from this information, but at first they failed. They were then joined by a young codebreaker called Bill Tutte who was given the job. After a lot of work he succeeded, and produced a logical description of the unseen machine. This work has been described as "the greatest intellectual achievement of world war II". Tutte worked out that the machine made each keystream character by combining the effects of two sets of five wheels. He used Greek letters to name the wheels. He called one set of five the χ ("chi") wheels, and the other set of five the ψ ("psi") wheels. He worked out that the χ wheels moved on one position for each new character coded. The ψ wheels, however, did not move regularly. They only moved on some of the time. Whether or not the ψ wheels moved on was controlled by two wheels that he called two the μ ("mu") or "motor wheels".
Khachmaz (city)
Khachmaz is a city in the Khachmaz Rayon of Azerbaijan.
The name comes from khachmataki which is a tribe of Huns. The economy of Khachmaz is partly agricultural, partly tourist based, and some industries. The main tourist place is the Nabran district.
Colossus computer
Building Colossus
The first Colossus worked at Dollis Hill in December 1943. Then they took Colossus apart and moved it to Bletchley Park. It got there on 18 January 1944. Harry Fensom and Don Horwood put it back together. Colossus read its first message on the 5th of February. After the first Colossus (Mark 1) there were nine Mark 2 machines. These each had 2,400 valves. They were easier to use. They could be programmed to work at five times the speed of the Mark 1. A Mark 2 Colossus first worked on 1 June 1944.
Design and use
Colossus used parts that were new back then. It used vacuum tubes, thyratrons and photomultipliers. It read from paper with light. It then did a special thing for every letter; the special thing could be changed. It counted how often this special thing was "true". Machines with many vacuum tubes were known to break a lot. They break most when turning on, so the Colossus machines were only turned off when a part broke.
Colossus was the first of the electronic digital machines that could have a program. It could not change as much as later machines:
It was not a Turing-complete computer, even though Alan Turing was at Bletchley Park. This idea had not yet been thought of, and most of the other early modern computing machines were not Turing-complete (like: the Atanasoff–Berry Computer, the Harvard Mark I electro-mechanical relay machine, the Bell Labs relay machines by George Stibitz and others, or the first plans of Konrad Zuse). It took a long time for computers be used for many uses, instead of just a calculator only for working out one hard problem.
Influence and fate
What the Colossus computers were used for was very secret. The Colossus itself was highly secret even for many years after the War. This is why Colossus could not be included in the history of computing hardware for a long time. Nobody knew how important that Flowers and the other people who helped make it were.
Not many people knew about this secret computer, so it had little direct effect on the new design of later computers; EDVAC was the early design which had the most effect on later computer design.
Once Colossus was made, some people now knew that high-speed electronic (no moving parts like electrical relays) digital computing devices could be made and they did not break too much. Just this knowledge was enough to have a big effect on the designs of early computers in Britain and probably in the US. People that knew about Colossus were important in the early computer field in Britain. In 1972, Herman Goldstine wrote that:
"Britain had such vitality (energy or drive) that it could right after the war start so many well-planned and well-done projects in the computer field."
In writing that, Goldstine did not know of Colossus. He did not know what it left to projects of people who knew about it. People such as Alan Turing (with the Pilot ACE and ACE), and Max Newman and I. J. Good (with the Manchester Mark 1 and  other early Manchester computers). Brian Randell later wrote that:
"the COLOSSUS project was an important source of this vitality (energy or drive), one that has not been well understood or known, as has the importance of its places in the time line of the invention of the digital computer."
Colossus plans and machinery were secret from the when they were made. They stayed so after the War, when Winston Churchill ordered the destruction of most of the Colossus machines into "parts no bigger than a man's hand"; Tommy Flowers himself burned the designs in a fireplace at Dollis Hill. Some parts, changed to look innocent, were taken to Newman's Royal Society Computing Machine Laboratory at Manchester University. The Colossus Mark 1 was taken apart and the parts were sent back to the Post Office. Two Colossus computers, along with two copied Tunny machines, were kept. They were moved to GCHQ's new head office at Eastcote in April 1946. They moved again with GCHQ to Cheltenham between 1952 and 1954. One of the computers, known as Colossus Blue, was taken apart in 1959; the other in 1960. In their later years, the computers were used for training. Before that, there had been attempts to change them (sometimes well) for other purposes. Jack Good was the first to use it after the war, getting NSA to use Colossus to do something for which they were planning to build a special purpose machine. Colossus was also used to perform letter counts on one-time pad tape to test for non-randomness.