cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Lemon & Paeroa
Lemon & Paeroa (L&P) is the name of a soft drink from New Zealand. It was first made in 1907 and today is owned and made by the Coca-Cola Company. The ingredients in it are lemon juice and mineral water.
Screenwriter
A screenwriter is a person who writes the screenplay (or script) for a movie or television show - that is, a screenwriter writes the words that the actors and actresses speak.
A script conveys the dialogue of the movie, and will briefly describe visuals, although not too much, as this is left up to the director.
Bix
BIX is a rock group from Lithuania. It was founded in 1987. They are one of the most experienced Baltic bands and traveled on tours to United States.
Screenwriter
There are certain rules as to how to format a movie script. If these are not followed, then it is highly unlikely that it will ever be taken seriously. In order to test the effectiveness of a script, actors will do a first reading of it. If the format is not clear, then it causes the actors confusion, and makes the task very difficult to complete.
Strength is in truth
"Strength is in truth" (сила в правде) is a Russian slogan that people use in the 21st century. It comes from the movie ''Brother 2. The movie was released in 2000.'' says it in the movie.
During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Latin letter "V" was used on military vehicles in northern Ukraine. These places included Hostomel, Bucha, in woods north of Kyiv and near Dymer. "V" and "Z" are two symbols of the invasion. The Russian Ministry of Defence stated on 3 March that "V" stood for "Our strength is in truth", and "The task will be completed" (задача будет выполнена).
Hyperbolic trajectory
In astrodynamics, a hyperbolic trajectory (which is also an escape trajectory) refers to an object (such as an asteroid) which follows a path similar to a hyperbola around a central object. This motion follows Kepler's Laws. A hyperbolic trajectory occurs when the eccentricity of its orbit is greater than 1.
Other types of motion in astronomy include circular orbit, elliptical orbit, and parabolic trajectory.
Sumiyoshi Shrine (Iki City)
Sumiyoshi Shrine is a shrine in Sumiyoshi Ashibe-cho, Iki City, Nagasaki Prefecture. It was a a Myojin Taisha according to the Engishiki Jinmyocho. it now serves as a beppyo shrine of the Association of Shinto Shrines.
History
According to the legend of Sumiyoshi Shrine, Empress Jingu, who succeeded in conquering the three Korean kingdoms with the help of Sumiyoshi Okami, landed on her way back to Gonoura-cho, Iki City (now called Oura), and enshrined the three gods there. The shrine claims to be the first Sumiyoshi Shrine in Japan. Later, it was moved to its current location by divine guidance. In the "Engishiki Jinmyocho," it was recorded as a Myojin Taisha, and the shrine also claims to be the head shrine in Nagasaki Prefecture.
In May 1871, it was ranked as Kokuhei Chusha.
Justine Lupe
Justine Lupe-Schomp (born May 31, 1989) is an American actress. She was in Mr. Mercedes, Succession, Cristela, and The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel. Lupe was born in Denver, Colorado. She started acting in 2011.
Shmuel Moreh
Shmuel Moreh (שמואל מורה; December 22, 1932 – September 22, 2017) was a professor of Arabic Language and Literature at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. He was awarded the Israel Prize in Middle Eastern studies in 1999. He was born in Baghdad, Iraq.
In addition to having written many books and articles dealing with Arabic literature in general and Iraqi Jewish Arabic literature in particular, he has been a major contributor to Elaph, the first online independent daily journal in the Arabic language. Professor Moreh wrote in Arabic, Hebrew, and English.
Moreh died on September 22, 2017 in Tel Aviv, Israel at the age of 84.
James Albert Murray
James Albert Murray (July 5, 1932 – June 5, 2020) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was Bishop of Kalamazoo from 1998 to 2009. He was born in Jackson, Michigan.
Serfdom
Serfdom is the forced labour of serfs in a feudal society. In medieval Europe, serfs were peasant farmers who worked without pay for a lord. In exchange, they got to live and work on the lord’s manor. They also got the lord’s protection.
Serfs had more rights than slaves (for example, serfs could own property). However, they were not completely free. They could not move, marry, or leave the manor without the lord’s permission. In most serfdoms, serfs were legally part of the land. If the land was sold, they were sold with it.
Serfs worked in their lord’s fields. They sometimes did other things related to agriculture, like forestry and transportation (by both land and river). Some also worked in craft and manufacturing.
Serfdom developed from agricultural slavery in the Roman Empire. It spread through Europe around the 10th century. During the Middle Ages, most European people lived in serfdoms.
Serfdom lasted up to the 1600s in England and until 1789 in France. In most other European countries, serfdom continued until the early 19th century.
Gage Park murders
The Gage Park stabbings refers to the murders of six members of the Martinez family in the Gage Park neighborhood of Chicago.
Serfdom
Serfdom was unusual in the Russian Empire until the 18th century when it became widespread. Alexander II of Russia abolished it in 1861,
Gage Park murders
Event
On February 4, 2016, the bodies of Noe Martinez, his wife Rosaura, their son Noe Jr., their daughter Maria, and Maria's sons, Leonardo and Alexi, were discovered in the house in Gage Park, Chicago, Illinois. Five of the victims were stabbed to death, and the sixth victim, Maria Martinez, was shot.
Serfdom
The system of serfdom
During the Middle Ages in Europe, monarchs, the Catholic Church, and the nobility owned all land. Serfs did not own land. Instead, they did manual labor for landowners in exchange for a place to live and work.
Gage Park murders
Perpetrator
On May 19, 2016, police arrested Diego Uribe, a relative of the family, and his girlfriend, Jafeth Ramos, in connection to the murders, saying that the massacre was a robbery gone horribly wrong.
Serfdom
The system of serfdom
Most serfs were workers, but some were craftsmen - like the village blacksmith, miller or innkeeper.
The serf's feudal contract
Serfs had a feudal contract, just like a baron or a knight. A serf's feudal contract said that he would live and work on a piece of land owned by his lord. A serf was allowed to have their own home, fields, crops, and animals on the lord’s land. Serfs had some rights in the feudal contract. In return for their work, the serf would get protection.
During feudal times, people said that a serf "worked for all", a knight or baron "fought for all," and clergy "prayed for all." Serfs were in a lower social class than knights and barons. However, they were better off than slaves.
A manorial lord could not sell his serfs like Romans sold slaves. However, serfs were legally tied to the land they worked on. If their lord sold his land, his serfs were sold along with the land. Serfs could not sell the land they lived on, and could not leave the manor without their lord’s permission. Often, they needed the lord’s permission before they could marry someone who was not also a serf for that lord.
Becoming a serf
A free man usually became a serf because he owed a large debt. He would make an agreement with the lord of the land. The lord would keep him safe, give money to pay his debt, and give him land to work on. In return, he would work for the lord. All his children would become serfs.
The serf's duties
Serfs had to pay taxes to their lord. The lord would decide how much each serf had to pay, based on the size of the land the serf lived on. Usually, serfs had to pay 1/3 of their land’s value in taxes, which is less than most middle class Americans pay in taxes in the present day. When the lord was fighting a war, serfs also had to pay wartime taxes.
Money was not very common during the Middle Ages. Serfs usually paid their lord by giving food and working without pay. Usually, serfs spent five or six days a week working for their lord. On these days, the lord would give his serfs very good food. However, serfs had to do the lord’s work before they could do their own work. When the lord’s crops needed to be harvested, the serf’s own crops needed to be harvested too. Still, the serf could not harvest his own food until he had done his required work for the lord.
At different times in the year, serfs would do different things. A serf might plough his lord's fields, harvest crops, dig ditches, or repair fences. The rest of his time he could take care of his own fields, crops and animals.
There were strange tests to decide if something was good enough to be given for taxes. A chicken, for example, had to be able to jump over a fence. That showed that the chicken was young and healthy.
Lords also required serfs to pay fines when they did certain things. For example, a serf would have to pay a fine:
When a serf died, his children could only stay on the land if they gave the lord their best animal.
Serfs had to pay to use the lord’s grain mill. Many serfs thought this was unfair. Millers charged a fee called multure, which was usually 1/24 of the total grain milled. The serfs often thought the millers were not honest.
Benefits of serfdom
Serfs had some freedoms. They could get and keep property and money. Some serfs had more money and property than their free neighbours. Sometimes, serfs could buy their freedom.
The lord could not make serfs leave his land unless he had good reasons. The lord was supposed to protect them from criminals or other lords, and he was supposed to give them charity during famines.
Agricultural benefits
Serfs could grow what they wanted on their lands. Sometimes they had to pay their taxes in wheat, which is difficult to grow. They could take the wheat they did not give for taxes to the market.
Mostly, serfs were subsistence farmers, eating what they grew. Their heirs usually got an inheritance.
Variations
The rules for serfdom were different at different times and places. In some places, serfdom changed into different types of taxation.
In the 13th-century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, serfs had to work two to three days a week for their landlords. In the 14th century, they had to work one day per week. In the 17th century, they had to work four days per week. In the 18th century, they had to work six days per week.
Sometimes, serfs were soldiers during war. They could earn their freedom or even become nobles as a reward for bravery in war.
Serfs could also gain their freedom in other ways. Sometimes they could buy their freedom. Enlightened or generous owners could free a serf (this is called manumission). Some serfs were able to flee to other towns or to newly settled land where people would not ask questions about the serf’s past. Laws varied from country to country. In England, a serf became free if he made his way to a chartered town and avoided being recaptured for a year and a day.
Freedom for the serfs
When people started to use money more, and barter became less important, serfdom began to change. Now lords could make money by renting their land. This was more profitable than getting unpaid work from serfs. Many lords "freed" their serfs when their work became less valuable than money.
PLOS ONE
PLOS One is a scientific journal. It is an interdisciplinary journal. That means it prints scientific papers about almost any kind of science instead of just one. It prints papers about engineering, biology, the social sciences and humanities, for example science papers that talk about art. As of 2017, it was the largest scientific journal in the world by number of articles printed per year.
Serfdom
Freedom for the serfs
Still, the serfs' lives were not seriously changed. They still had to farm their land, take care of their families, and pay their taxes. However, they could no longer be forced off their lands if they did not pay rent, or if their Lord decided he wanted to use their fields for a different purpose.
PLOS ONE
PLOS ONE is designed for research scientists are the primary audience for the journal, but ordinary people read it as well. Because of this, articles are written and edited to make them understandable to scientists in other fields and any educated person.
Serfdom
Serfs in antiquity
The helots in the ancient Greek city-state of Sparta worked like serfs. So did peasants working on government lands in ancient Rome. However, these workers were not called “serfs.” Instead, they were called coloni, meaning "tenant farmers.”
PLOS ONE
PLOS ONE is published by the Public Library of Science. PLOS also publishes PLOS Biology, PLOS Medicine and other journals.
Serfdom
In Western Europe
Medieval serfdom in Western Europe began with the breakup of the Carolingian Empire around the 10th century. This empire had ruled most of western Europe for more than 200 years. After the empire broke up, Western Europe had no strong central governments for a long time.
PLOS ONE
Scientists must pay a fee to publish in PLOS ONE, sometimes as much as US$1695. But then the study is available for people to read without paying a fee. It is not behind a paywall.
Serfdom
In Western Europe
During this time, feudal lords worked to make serfdom the common way for people to live. Under serfdom, rich landlords could force other people to work for them and feed them.
PLOS ONE
PLOS ONE can publish 20,000 scientific papers in one year. That means sometimes it publishes bad papers by accident. In 2016, PLOS ONE published many retractions, which means it said publicly that some of its papers were bad, said how they were bad, and said it did not believe in them.
Serfdom
In Western Europe
Serfs did most of the agricultural work in medieval Western Europe. Slavery did exist during this time, but it was not common. Usually slaves were only used to take care of people’s houses.
Parts of Europe, including much of Scandinavia, never used serfdom or other feudal institutions.
In Eastern Europe
Serfdom reached Eastern European countries later than Western Europe. It started in Russia around the 12th century, but was not common until several hundred years later. By the 17th century, serfdom was the most common relationship between Russian peasants and the nobility. It was most common in the central and southern areas of the Tsardom of Russia, and later the Russian Empire.
Russian serfdom was different than in other Eastern European countries, because it was not changed by German law or by people coming from Germany. In Russia, serfdom and manorialism systems were enforced by the crown (the Tsar), not by the nobility.
In Western Europe
By the 13th and 14th centuries, serfdom was becoming less common in Western Europe. The manorial system weakened as powerful monarchs took control, towns developed, and the economy improved. At the same time, there were more protests by serfs and peasants, like Wat Tyler’s Rebellion in England in 1381. This put pressure on the nobility and the clergy to change the system and make improvements. New ways of renting the land gave people more freedom.
By the 15th and 16th centuries, serfdom was ending in Western Europe. As the economy continued to change, serfdom became less profitable than renting land for money. Other causes for the end of serfdom included changes in the population and laws about what lords could make their tenants do.
In England, serfdom ended around 1600. After the Renaissance, serfdom was not common in Western Europe. However, as serfdom was ending, chattel slavery was beginning in the English-speaking parts of the Western Hemisphere.
In Eastern Europe
Serfdom existed in Russia until February 19, 1861. In Russian Baltic provinces, it ended in the beginning of the 19th century (see Russian Serfdom Reforms).
Return of serfdom
Some people say that planned economies, especially those based on Soviet-style Communist economics (like the Soviet collective farm system) are government-owned serfdom. Friedrich Hayek said this in his book The Road to Serfdom.
Mikhail Gorbachev grew up in a kolkhoz. These were supposed to be collectives. There were also sovkhoz, which were state-owned. The government used a system of internal passports and household registration (like China's hukou system) to make people stay on their farms. They had to plant crops according to instructions from the central authorities, especially if they were on state-run farms. The state then bought their agricultural produce at low prices and invested heavily in industrialization. Gorbachev said this was much like being a serf.
This kind of serfdom lasted in Russia until 1974 (with a brief break during the Russian Civil War). USSR Government Decree #667 gave peasants identification documents, with an unrestricted right to move within the country, for the first time in Russian history. It is possible that a system like this still exists in rural China.
U-Haul
U-Haul is a company that provides truck rentals and moving boxes. It has been active since 1945 and started from the need of it.
In 1945, Leonard Shoen and his wife wanted to move from Los Angeles to Portland and found out nobody would rent them an one-way trailer. Shoen, who had just gotten out from the US Navy from World War II, found a need to have families move locations on their own. He started U-Haul at that year, with the company comparing the trucks to the covered wagons of the early frontier.
Sakaki
Sakaki (Cleyera japonica) is a tree that people believe is sacred in Shinto
It is used in offerings like Masakaki and Tamagushi.
U-Haul
People in California from 2021 had moved out so much that U-Haul ran out of trucks. There is a lot of business from California and New York. There are also a lot of people moving into Chicago.
Süleyman Demirel
Süleyman Gündoğdu Demirel, better known as Süleyman Demirel (1 November  1924 – 17 June 2015), was a Turkish politician. He was Prime Minister of Turkey seven times. He was the ninth President of Turkey from 1993 to 2000.
Demirel was born on 1 November 1924 in İslamköy, Atabey, Isparta. He studied at Istanbul Technical University. Demirel was married to Nazmiye Demirel from 1948 until her death in 2013. He died after suffering from a lung infection in Ankara, aged 90.
Clearing, Chicago
Clearing, one of the 77 official community areas. It is located on the southwest side of the city of Chicago, Illinois. The southern portion of Chicago Midway International Airport is located within this community area.
Chrysler Village is on the eastern edge of the Chicago neighborhood of Clearing nestled between Midway Airport and the Clearing Industrial District.
Red Auerbach
Arnold Jacob "Red" Auerbach (September 20, 1917 – October 28, 2006) was an American professional basketball coach and executive.
He served as a head coach in the National Basketball Association (NBA), most notably with the Boston Celtics.
He was also the head coach of the Washington Capitols and Tri-Cities Blackhawks.
Babcock, Wisconsin
Babcock is an unincorporated community in Wood County of the state of Wisconsin in the United States. The ZIP code of Babcock is 54413.
Amusement
Amusement is the reaction of having fun or seeing something entertaining. The person or animal who is amused can go through enjoyment, happiness, laughter and pleasure. It is an emotion with a positive affect.
John Prescott
John Leslie Prescott, Baron Prescott (born 31 May 1938) is a British Labour politician. He was born in Prestatyn, Wales. He grew up in Brinsworth, Yorkshire and Upton by Chester. He served as Deputy Prime Minister when Tony Blair was Prime Minister. He started out as a shop worker and was often considered to be the "most working class member of the Labour cabinet". Whilst campaigning for the 2001 election, he punched a man who threw an egg at him. He has diabetes mellitus type 2 and had bulimia nervosa throughout his political career.
Matthew Wolfenden (footballer)
Matthew Wolfenden is a football player. He plays for F.C. United of Manchester. He has also played for Oldham Athletic and Wrexham.
Cabinet (furniture)
A cabinet is a type of furniture with enclosed shelves and sometimes a door in front. It is usually made of wood. Metal may be used in industrial or public areas. Some cabinets stand alone; others are attached to a wall. Most kitchens have cabinets for storage of cooking materials and utensils.
Bob Richards
Robert Eugene "Bob" Richards (February 20, 1926 – February 26, 2023), nicknamed the "Vaulting Vicar" or the "Pole Vaulting Parson" in his competitive days, was an American athlete who was known for pole vaulting in the Olympics. He competed in the 1948 (where he won a bronze medal), 1952 (gold medal), and 1956 Summer Olympics (gold medal) as a pole vaulter, and as a decathlete in 1956.
In the 1984 United States presidential election, Richards ran for President of the United States on the far-right, white nationalist Populist Party ticket.
Richards was born in Champaign, Illinois. He studied at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. Richards died on February 26, 2023, a few days after his 97th birthday.
Puberty blockers
Sometimes a person's body is wrong for their gender identity. They may have male sex organs but feel that they are a female, or they may have female sex organs but identify as male. Young people with "wrong" bodies are often called transgender youth.
These drugs were usually made for other reasons, such as stopping cancer. These drugs can also be used if a child starts puberty at a very early age, such as 7 or 8. The name for that situation is "precocious puberty." Going through puberty too early creates medical and psychological problems. The person might not grow as tall as they could. They might feel very different from their friends and other children in school. Girls who go through puberty early have a bigger chance of being sexually assaulted. They also have a bigger chance of becoming pregnant while still a young teenager. There is a bigger chance that later in life they might get a cancer such as breast cancer, because there is a higher risk associated with the number of years the woman had between puberty (usually defined as menarche for studies) and the first time she has a baby. One of the drugs that can be given to people with boy bodies is called Lupron Depot. It works by causing a very big drop in testosterone levels. The drugs to block or slow puberty can be given with a needle in the leg, or sometimes the shoulder. In a young person with a boy body, for some drugs, the needle is put in a testicle. Sometimes the drugs are in a patch that is under the skin of an upper arm. The patch is usually changed once a year. There is a chance that unwanted things could happen because of these drugs. These things are called side effects. There are some short term side effects, most of which are not huge problems for most people getting the drugs. The more important thing is that these drugs might have long-term effects on:
With drugs involving body chemicals called hormones that regulate things like growth, there might be a slight chance of increasing cancer risk, even though these drugs are often used as anticancer drugs.
The use of puberty blockers in transgender youth is supported by 12 major American medical associations, including the American Medical Association, the American Psychological Association, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the Endocrine Society   the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, the American Psychiatric Association, the Pediatric Endocrine Society, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists,  the American College of Physicians, the American Academy of Family Physicians, the American Osteopathic Association, the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, the American Nurses Association, four Australian medical associations, and the World Professional Association for Transgender Health.
Politicization
The talk about these drugs has become very political. People who do not want puberty blockers used for young people think it is better to let the young person's body go through puberty, even though that will permanently change their body. Some of them have religious reasons. They may believe that people should not interfere with how a human body was made because they believe it was made by God. These people also say the child might just be imagining the problem or might change how they feel about their gender identity when they are older. People who oppose transgender rights or who hate or are afraid of transgender people are often called transphobic. People who do not want puberty blockers used for transgender youth are often classified as social conservatives if they have many opinions that are not modern.
Black tea
Black tea is a kind of tea made from leaves of Camellia sinensis. Often, it is stronger in taste than other varieties of tea, like green tea or oolong. It also has more caffeine. In some parts of the world, like China, it is called red tea, a description of the colour of the liquid. The Western term "black tea" comes from the color of the tea leaf. It has been traded a lot because it could be kept longer. It is generally the preferred form of tea in the West. All People Consumed tea in a daily life routine. Tea is the most-consumed thing in the world after water. One of the best tea is Black tea and Its benefits is very effective.
Producing area and varieties
Unblended black teas are named after the region in which they are produced.
India
One of the most famous countries producing black tea, exporting more than 12% of the world's tea. Darjeeling, Assam, and Nilgiri are known as representative producing areas.
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka is next to India in the total production of black tea. The generic name for black tea which grown in Sri Lanka is Ceylon tea.
China
Tea produced in China has characteristic that the taste is not so bitter. Straight tea is more popular than tea with milk or sugar in China.
Charles Bradley
Charles Edward Bradley (November 5, 1948 – September 23, 2017) was an American funk/soul/R&B singer, signed to the Daptone Records label under the Dunham Records division.
Black tea
Blends
Black tea is often blended with other black tea or various other plants.
Charles Bradley
His performances and recording style were consistent with Daptone's revivalist approach, celebrating the feel of funk and soul music from the 1960s and 1970s. One review said he "echoes the evocative delivery of Otis Redding".
Black tea
Health
Black tea without milk or sugar contains no calories. Black tea also contains tannin and the caffeine. There is a connection between blood-cholesterol-lowering (BCL) and drinking black tea. According to a 2001 Boston University study, there is a relationship between a more drinking black tea and a decrease in a kind of cardiovascular disease.
Charles Bradley
Calling himself "the screaming eagle of soul", Bradley was the subject of the documentary Soul of America which premiered at South by Southwest in 2012.
Bradley was diagnosed with stomach cancer in October 2016. He died on September 23, 2017 in Brooklyn, New York at the age of 68.
Annoyance
Annoyance is when someone is not happy or mad because of irritation and distraction from one's thought. It can lead to emotions such as frustration and anger. This is usually caused by someone becoming unhappy by an event, person or comment.
Looney Tunes: Back in Action
Looney Tunes: Back in Action is a 2003 live-action/animated spy comedy movie directed by Joe Dante.
Plot
At the Warner Bros. Movie Studios, Daffy Duck reads a script for a Looney Tunes cartoon and was unhappy that he gets blasted by Elmer Fudd multiple times in the script. Stuntman DJ Drake chased him as Daffy Duck takes a Batmobile and crashes it to the Warner Bros. water tower. Daffy and DJ get fired from the studios.
Production
The movie was originally going to be called Spy Jam but it was changed to Looney Tunes: Back in Action to prevent associations with Space Jam.
Reception
Critics and audiences loved it but it didn't do well at the box office.
Alain Mabanckou
Alain Mabanckou (born 24 February 1966) is a writer. He is a French citizen born in the Republic of the Congo.
His first novel was published in 1998. Mabanckou's work has been published in fifteen languages. His non-fiction books talk about Africa and the African diaspora in France.
Mabanckou is a Professor of Literature at UCLA.
Early Life
Alain Mabanckou was born in Congo-Brazzaville in 1966. He spent his childhood in the coastal city of Pointe-Noire .He received a scholarship at The Marien Ngouabi University in Brazzaville to go to France at the age of 22. After receiving a post-graduate Diploma in Law from the Université Paris-Dauphine, he worked for about ten years for the group Suez-Lyonnaise des Eaux.
Five elements
The five elements is an idea in Taoism. Unlike the greek four elements, they have a cycle. There is a generative cycle and a destructive cycle. The destructive cycle is seen as giving bad luck and the generative cycle is seen as giving good luck.
Bole–Tangale languages
Branches
The Bole–Tangale languages are:
Vilnius
Vilnius is the largest city and the capital of Lithuania, with a population of 553,904 (850,700 together with Vilnius County) as of December 2005. It is the seat of the Vilnius city municipality and of the Vilnius district municipality. It is also the capital of Vilnius County. Vilnius is 312 kilometres (194 mi) from the Baltic Sea and Klaipėda, the most important Lithuanian seaport. Vilnius is connected by highways to other major Lithuanian cities, such as Kaunas (102 km/63 mi away), Šiauliai (214 km/133 mi away) and Panevėžys (135 km/84 mi away).
Population
According to the 2001 census by the Vilnius Regional Statistical Office, there were 542,287 inhabitants in the Vilnius city municipality, of which 57.8% were Lithuanians, 18.7% Poles, 14% Russians, 4.0% Belarusians, 1.3% Ukrainians and 0.5% Jews.
In 1931, Vilnius had a population of 195,071, of which 65.9% were Poles, 28.0% Jews, 3.8% Russians, 0.9% Belarusians, 0.8% Lithuanians and 0.6% others (Germans, Tatars, Karaims, Latvians, Ukrainians and others). In 1939, Vilnius had a population of about 209,500, the percentage of the population remained roughly similar to 1931)
Climate
The climate of Vilnius is considered as Humid Continental or Hemiboreal by Köppen climate classification. Summers can be hot, with temperatures above thirty degrees Celsius throughout the day. Winters can be very cold, with temperatures rarely reaching above freezing
Tourism
Vilnius is a cosmopolitan city with diverse architecture. There are more than 40 churches in Vilnius. Restaurants, hotels and museums have sprouted since Lithuania declared independence. Like most medieval towns, Vilnius was developed around its Town Hall. The Old Town, the historical centre of Vilnius, is one of the largest in Europe (3.6 km²). The most valuable historic and cultural sites are concentrated here. The main sights of the city are Gediminas Castle and Cathedral Square, symbols of the capital. The Old Town of Vilnius was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1994. In 1995, the first bronzecast of Frank Zappa in the world was installed near the center of Vilnius with the permission of the government.
Economy
Vilnius is the major economic centre of Lithuania and one of the largest financial centres of the Baltic states.
Education
The city has many universities. The biggest are:
Specialized higher schools with the university status are:
Religion
Vilnius is the Roman Catholic center of the country, with the main church institutions and Archdiocesan Cathedral located here. There are many churches in the city as there are many monasteries and religion schools. The Church architecture in the city includes Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque and Neoclassical styles, these styles can be foundin the Old Town. Vilnius is considered one of the main centers of the Polish Baroque movement in architecture of churches. Vilnius has been home to an Eastern Orthodox Christian presence since the thirteenth century. A famous Russian Orthodox monastery, named for the Holy Spirit, is located near the Gate of Dawn. St. Paraskeva's Orthodox Church in the Old Town is the site of the baptism of Hannibal, the great-grandfather of Pushkin, by Tsar Peter the Great in 1705. A number of Protestant and other Christian groups are present in Vilnius, most notably the Lutheran Evangelicals and the Baptists. Once widely known as Yerushalayim De Lita (the "Jerusalem of Lithuania"), Vilnius once was comparable only to Jerusalem, Israel, as a world center for the study of the Torah, and for its large Jewish population. That is why one part of Vilnius was named Jeruzalė. At the end of the 19th century, the number of synagogues in Vilnius was more than hundred. Islam came to Lithuania in the 14th century from Crimea and Kazan, through the Tatars. Tatars in Lithuania have maintained their religious practices: currently, about 3,000 Tatar Muslims live in Lithuania. There are same few groups of pre-Christian pagan in the city.
Subdivisions
The city of Vilnius is made up of 21 elderates that are based on neighbourhoods:
Motorways
Vilnius is the starting point of the Vilnius-Kaunas-Klaipėda motorway that runs across Lithuania and connects the three major cities. The Vilnius-Panevėžys motorway is a branch of the Via-Baltica.
Airports
Vilnius International Airport serves most Lithuanian international flights to many major European destinations.
Sister cities
Vilnius has 14 sister cities.
1972 UEFA Cup Final
The 1972 UEFA Cup Final was the final of the first edition of the UEFA Cup. It was played between English teams Tottenham Hotspur and Wolverhampton Wanderers. This was the first final in UEFA competition where 2 teams from the same country reached the final.
Road to the final
Note: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away).
Grupo Santander
Grupo Santander is a banking group centered on Banco Santander, the largest bank in the Eurozone. Grupo Santander is one of the largest banks in the world (in terms of market capitalisation). It originated in Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
History
Banco Hispanoamericano was created in 1900. Banco Central was created in 1919. Banco Central and Banco Hispanoamericano merged. Banco Santander was founded in 1857. Banco Central Hispano was founded in 1991. In 1999, Banco Santander and Banco Central Hispano merged, creating Banco Santander Central Hispano, or BSCH.
The 1999 merger between Santander and Central Hispano was designed to be a "merger of equals". The top executives of the two firms would share control of the new firm. Soon after the merger, former Central Hispano executives thought chairman Botin of trying to control the firm. They threatened to take legal action against him. The issue was resolved when Central Hispano the executives agreed to severance payments (money given when leaving a company), retirement. They also turned control of the firm over to Mr. Botin. This action cost the shareholders of the firm €164M.
Dresden, Kansas
Dresden is a city in Decatur County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, 41 people lived there.
Grupo Santander
History
Because of the large payouts, Mr. Botin was brought to trial on criminal charges of "misappropriation of funds" (using company money the wrong way) and "irresponsible management." In April 2005 he was cleared of all charges. The decision said the retirement payments made were legal, "made as compensation for the services provided to the bank."
In 2005, Mr. Botin was accused of insider trading (trading stock based on knowledge the public did not have). The anti-corruption division of the Spanish public prosecutor's office cleared Mr. Botin of all charges.
On 26 July 2004 Banco Santander Central Hispano announced the purchase of Abbey National plc. The shareholders' approved of the purchase, and it was formally approved by the courts. Abbey became part of Grupo Santander on 12 November 2004.
Dresden, Kansas
History
The first post office in Dresden was created in October 1888.
Grupo Santander
History
In June 2006, Banco Santander Central Hispano purchased almost 20% of Sovereign Bank. They also acquired the option to buy Sovereign Bank for $40 per share in the middle of 2008.
Dresden, Kansas
History
Dresden was a station on the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad.
Bulgarian Wikipedia
The Bulgarian Wikipedia (Българоезична Уикипедия) is the Bulgarian language edition of Wikipedia. It was founded on 6 December 2003. On 24 May 2010, it became the 32nd largest Wikipedia by size and it passed the "100,000" articles threshold. As of October 2015, it is the 36th largest edition.
Policies
Rules in Bulgarian Wikipedia are not regarded as flexible in disputes as they are on the English project. Difficult issues are resolved through the Arbitration Committee, which handles content disputes, blocks users or prohibit certain users from editing articles on certain topics. Misuse of administrator privileges is typically appealed through the Arbitration Committee; only this authority and Wikimedia stewards have the power to remove administrator flags.
History
The Bulgarian Wikipedia was created on 6 December 2003. On November 24, 2005, the Bulgarian language Wikipedia added its 20,000th article, and was the 21st largest Wikipedia at the time. As of December 26, 2007 it is the 30th largest Wikipedia by article count, with over 50,000 articles. In 24 May 2010, the distinctive Wikipedia globe logo for the Bulgarian Wikipedia was temporarily altered to include the number 100,000 to commemorate the 100,000 article milestone.
Dresden, Kansas
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of 0.94 sqmi. All of it is land.
2010 census
As of the 2010 census says that there were 41 people, 19 households, and 12 families living in the city.
Grupo Santander
History
In May 2007 Banco Santander Central Hispano announced that it would make an offer to purchase ABN AMRO. This offer was in conjunction with Royal Bank of Scotland and Fortis. BSCH's offered to purchase 28% of ABN AMRO. The offer would be made by a capital increase through a new stock share issue. In October 2007, the group outbid Barclays and purchased  ABN AMRO. As part of the deal, Grupo Santander acquired ABN AMRO's subsidiary in Brazil, Banco Real, and its subsidiary in Italy, Banca Antonveneta.
On 13 August 2007, Banco Santander Central Hispano changed its legal name to Banco Santander.
In November 2007, it sold Banca Antonveneta to Monte dei Paschi di Siena. In March 2008, Banco Santander sold Interbanca, a subsidiary of Banca Antonveneta, to GE Commercial Finance In return, it received GE Money businesses in Germany, Finland and Austria, and GE's Card and Auto Financing Businesses in the UK. These will be integrated into Santander Consumer Finance.
The group announced in July 2008 that it intended to take over the UK bank Alliance & Leicester. Alliance & Leicester had £24bn in deposits and 254 branches. The purchase was completed in October 2008 when the group removed the company's shares from the London Stock Exchange. This was followed by the purchase of the savings business of UK bank Bradford & Bingley (B&B) in September 2008 B&B had deposits of £22bn, 2.6 m customers, 197 branches and 140 agencies. The banks, along with Abbey, are to be merged under the Santander name in the UK by the end of 2010.
In October 2008, Grupo Santander announced that it would purchase the 75.65% of Sovereign Bancorp it does not currently own. This would cost approximately US$1.9 billion (€1.4 billion). The purchase of Sovereign has given Santander its first retail bank in the mainland United States.
Fundación Banco Santander
The Foundation has the objective of Financing Master and Doctorate Scholarships.
Operations
Grupo Santander has numerous operations in Latin America. It has renamed most of the subsidiaries it has acquired to Santander.
Currently, Santander is a corporate sponsor of the Ferrari Formula One team and the Copa Libertadores de America.
On December 1, 2008, Santander announced that their Formula One sponsorship deal with McLaren will end in 2010, when Santander will become Ferrari's main sponsor. However, in September 2009, Santander announced that it will continue its sponsorship with Vodafone McLaren-Mercedes due to its brand awareness in the UK rising from 20 to 82 percent.
On December 14, 2008, it was revealed that the collapse of Bernard Madoff's Ponzi scheme might mean the loss of 2.33 billion euros at Banco Santander.
On November 10, 2009, HSBC Finance Corporation announced an agreement with Santander Consumer USA Inc. (SC USA). SC USA would sell HSBC US auto loan processing operations, and US $1 billion in auto loan receivables (money due to be received) for US $904 million in cash. SC USA would also enter into a loan processing agreement for the remainder of its US auto loan portfolio. This portfolio is in liquidation (being sold to pay off a debt). The transaction is expected to close in the first quarter of 2010.
Similarity (psychology)
Similarity in the area of cognitive psychology refers to things or ideas that people put together in the same groups, or categories, in their minds. Many psychologists try to find out what rules people use when they decide that two things are similar.
Modeling
One important tool used by psychologists to look into similarity is computer modeling. Scientists will, for example, ask people to rate a number of objects as more or less similar to each other. Then they will write a computer program that tries to simulate the same answers that the humans gave. For instance, a person might say that "cat" and "dog" are similar words, so a good computer model should be able to take the word "dog" and respond with the word "cat" in a list of similar words. Computer models do this by applying some set of rules to a large collection of real world text (called a corpus).
Once a model can respond with the correct (similar) words, then it is likely that the rules the computer program uses are the same rules that people use to decide whether words are similar.
Behavioral research
Another way that psychologists look into similarity is by putting people in special situations and watching what they do. In other words, by using an experiment. When it comes to similarity, this might include listing words, using categories as clues for learning new words, sorting objects into groups, or other tasks that have to do with comparing things to one another.
Depending on how quickly people do these tasks, or how many mistakes they make, psychologists can find out what rules they are using to decide if things are similar.
Marcelo Bonelli
Marcelo Alberto Bonelli (Born, October 8, 1955) is an Argentine political and economics journalist.
Biography
He began his career in 1985 on El Trece. Since 2005 he has been the host of the morning news show Arriba Argentinos on Channel 13. He writes for the newspaper Clarín. He is a fan of Racing Club.
He has been awarded national and international prizes on various occasions: in 1997 he received the Konex Prize. In 1998 he received the Ondas Prize, awarded by Cadena Ser of Spain for the investigation carried out in the program A Dos Voces on the disappeared children in Argentina.
Controversies
On March 17, 2017, the newspaper Clarín published an article by Bonelli in which he stated that, during an interview between the former president of the Spanish government Felipe González and President Mauricio Macri, the former had told him that "no one is going to invest seriously in Argentina until Cristina's acts of corruption are judged and sentenced", after asking "When is Cristina going to go to jail?".
The former president responded by sending González and Macri two notes. He urged them to confirm what was stated in Bonelli's article, and considering that the Argentine president had the duty to reject demonstrations that "import unprecedented extortion and undue interference in internal affairs, in addition to the exclusive recourse of justice."
That day, González denied through his spokesman that the former President had maintained that position before the Argentine President, news that was published by the newspaper in a note by Bonelli himself, in which he insisted that what he had published was true. In the same sense, Felipe González spoke and asked the newspaper to clarify the situation, which the newspaper did not.
Bhola District
Bhola (ভোলা) is a district in south-western Bangladesh. It is in the Barisal Division. It is also the largest offshore island region in Bangladesh, with an area of 3403.48 km². It is bordered by Lakshmipur and Barisal districts to the north. Bay of Bengal is to the south; Lakshmipur and Noakhali districts, Meghna (lower) river and Shahbazpur Channel are to the east. Patuakhali district and Tentulia river are to the west.
Guernsey
The Island
Guernsey has 10 parishes. These are Castel, Forest, St Andrews, St Martins, St Peter Port, St Pierre du bois, St Sampson, St Saviour's, Torteval, Vale. Saint Peter Port is the biggest parish by terms of population, with 16,500 people living there.
Climate
Guernsey has an oceanic climate.
The highest temperature ever recorded in Guernsey was 34.3 C on 9 August 2003 at Guernsey Airport.
The lowest temperature ever recorded in Guernsey was -7.8 C on 20 January 1963 in Saint Peter Port.
Language
Guernsey has its own dialect of the Norman language, called Guernésiais. It is spoken by only 2% of the population, but is understood by around 14%. This means that only 1300 people speak it, and most of these people are elderly. Only 1 in every 1000 young people can speak it.
Overfishing
Overfishing is catching too much fish. It is a type of overexploitation where fish stocks are reduced to low levels. It is a good example of what is good for the short term is not good for the long term. Also, what is good for some fishermen is not good for all of them (tragedy of the commons). The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization estimated in a 2018 report that 33.1% of world fish stocks are subject to overfishing.
So much fish is caught that there are too few adults of certain species left. With cod, for example, the greatest production of eggs is from large females. But these are caught, the average size of spawning females goes down. Eventually this gets so that the production of eggs is significantly reduced. The artificial selection of large fish has gradually reduced the size of mature females.