cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Peppered moth evolution
Predation experiments
The most famous experiments on the peppered moth were carried out by Bernard Kettlewell under the supervision of E.B. Ford. In one of Kettlewell's experiments, moths were released into a large (18 m by 6 m) aviary, where they were fed on by Great Tits (Parus major). In 1953, Kettlewell experimented at Cadbury Nature Reserve in Birmingham. He marked, released and recaptured the marked moths. He found, in polluted woodland, more typica morphs were taken. This showed that the melanistic phenotype was important to the survival of peppered moths in such a habitat. Kettlewell repeated the experiment in 1955 in an unpolluted woodland in Dorset, and again in polluted woods in Birmingham. He was accompanied by Niko Tinbergen, and they made a film of this. Further studies by others found similar results. Finally, in 1996, work on both sides of the Atlantic found a correlation between changes in melanic frequencies and pollution levels.
A field experiment in biology will always have some artificiality, but that has to be balanced against practicality and costs. The most important aspect is that an experiment gives useful information. The only previous experiments of this type were R.A. Fisher and E.B. Ford's with the Scarlet tiger moth.
Later experiments
In 2000 Majerus developed plans for further experiments. In the main experiment in Cambridge from 2001–2007 Majerus added an experiment to find if bat predation might have skewed the results – this found that bats preyed equally on both forms of the moth. He observed a number bird species preying on the moths. The overall data led him to conclude that differential bird predation was a major factor responsible for the decline in carbonaria frequency compared to typica in Cambridge during the study period. He described his results as a complete vindication of the peppered moth story, and said "If the rise and fall of the peppered moth is one of the most visually impacting and easily understood examples of Darwinian evolution in action, it should be taught. It provides after all the proof of evolution".
Majerus died before he could complete the writing up of his experiments, but the work was carried on by others. The paper said that "These data provide the most direct evidence yet to implicate camouflage and bird predation as the overriding explanation for the rise and fall of melanism in moths". The new data, coupled with the weight of previous data show that "industrial melanism in the peppered moth is still one of the clearest and most easily understood examples of Darwinian evolution in action".
Camouflage of caterpillars
Biston betularia caterpillars also occur in two forms, each adapted to a different situation. They develop body colours which match the brown or green twigs of their host plant. This is done by a mechanism called polyphenism. Polyphenism is a kind of polymorphism where different forms of an animal are caused by the same genome. The animal inherits the capability, but the environment determines which form develops. This contrasts with genetic polymorphism of the adults, where each morph (form) inherits a slightly different genome.
Polyphenism occurs when the animal inherits a developmental switch. The switch is sensitive to some environmental cue or trigger. In this case, researchers discovered that visual experience triggered precise color matching.
Melvil Dewey
Melville Louis Kossuth (Melvil) Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931) was an American librarian and educator. He invented the Dewey Decimal library classification system.
Early life
Dewey was born on December 10, 1851, in Adams Center, New York. He attended Alfred University in 1870 and then Amherst College. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1874 and a master's in 1877.
Career
While still a student, he founded the Library Bureau, a company that sold index-cards and filing-cabinets used in libraries and businesses.
He developed his book classification system based on a decimal numbering system while working in the Amherst library. He published a first edition in 1876.
He was one of the founders of the American Library Association in 1876 and served for many years as editor of the Journal of the American Library Association.
In the 1880's he took a position as librarian at Columbia University Libraries, where he developed one of the first training schools for librarians.
Lake Placid Club
Dewey founded the Lake Placid Club in Lake Placid, New York in 1895 as a health club and retreat. The Winter Olympics were held there, mostly led by his son Godfrey
Reforms
He advocated for spelling reform for the English language. At one point he changed the spelling of his name from "Melvile" to "Melvil," removing redundant letters. He also for a brief time wrote his surname as "Dui." He also founded The Metric Bureau in 1876 to advocate for the United States to move to metric measurement.
Personal life
Dewey married twice, first to Annie R. Godfrey, and then to Emily McKay Beal. He and his first wife had one child, Godfrey.
He moved to Florida and founded Lake Placid, Florida. He died of a stroke there in 1931.
Martherenges
Martherenges was a municipality of the Gros-de-Vaud district　in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Chanéaz, Chapelle-sur-Moudon, Correvon, Denezy, Martherenges, Neyruz-sur-Moudon, Peyres-Possens, Saint-Cierges and Thierrens joined together to become the new municipality of Montanaire.
Sleepwalker (song)
"Sleepwalker" is a song by Adam Lambert released off his debut album For Your Entertainment. The song was written by frontman of OneRepublic, Ryan Tedder, as well as Aimee Mayo, and Chris Lindsey. It was produced by Tedder and was released in Canada and New Zealand for radio mainstream on June 15, 2010.
Barry Sheerman
Barry John Sheerman (born 17 August 1940) is a British Labour and Co-operative politician. He is the Member of Parliament (MP) for Huddersfield, previously Huddersfield East, since 1979. He is also Labour's longest continuously serving MP in the current parliament.
On 5 December 2021, Sheerman announced his plans to not run for re-election at the next election; at the time of the announcement he was the longest-serving Labour MP.
Pangkal Pinang
Pangkal Pinang is the capital and largest city of Bangka Belitung Islands province in Indonesia. It is located on Bangka Island's east coast.
June Havoc
Ellen Evangeline Hovick (known as June Havoc; November 8, 1912 – March 28, 2010) was a Canadian-born American actress, dancer, author and a theater director. She acted in many stage plays and movies. She began on Broadway, appearing in plays including Pal Joey. She later moved to Hollywood and began acting in movies. Her first movie was Gentleman's Agreement. She last appeared on the television series General Hospital in 1990.
Havoc was born in Vancouver, British Columbia. Her sister was Gypsy Rose Lee. Their father was Norwegian-American. She died in Stamford, Connecticut at 97.
Basilio
Basilio is a name of Italian, Spanish, or Portuguese origin. It is a cognate of the English name Basil. The name may refer to:
Fever (Adam Lambert song)
Fever is a song by international pop singer/songwriter Lady Gaga. The song, however, was given to Adam Lambert to be released off the album For Your Entertainment for mainstream radio in New Zealand. The song hit #3 on the New Zealand Pop chart in September 2010. The song was released by Lambert on August 3rd, 2010.
Anthropocentrism
Anthropocentrism, human supremacism or human exceptionalism is the belief and ideology that human beings are separate from and superior to nature, that humans are the most important organisms in the universe, and that everything else (plants, animals, minerals, etc) are just resources and commodities for people to use.
Samuel Butler
Samuel Butler was an English novelist and critic best known for his work Erewhon, as well as translations of ancient Greek myths such as Illiad and Odyssey into English.
Roshika Deo
Deo was a candidate for the Fiji National Elections in September 2014. She was the first to put her name on the official list of people trying to be elected. Many members of the FijiFirst and SODELPA parties, as well as members of Methodist Church in Fiji criticized Deo. It was difficult for Deo to get enough signatures of support to officially become a candidate.
Deo received the New Zealand Defender of Human Rights award in 2013. In 2014, she received the International Women of Courage Award.
Personal life
Roshika Deo's family is Indo-Fijian and Hindu. Her father, Indar Deo, was a well-known lawyer, a politician for the National Alliance Party of Fiji, and a businessman. He lives in Australia. Deo has three brothers and one sister.
Tyler County, Texas
Tyler County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 19,798 people lived there. The county seat is Woodville.
This county is not to be confused with the city of Tyler, Texas.
History
Tyler County was made in 1846.
Geography
Tyler County has a total area of 936 square miles.
Witches' Sabbath
The term Witches' Sabbath was used to describe the belief that there were people, called witches, who regularly met for secret gatherings. The name is used for the gathering. One part of the name refers to the Sabbath, the day of rest in Judaism and other Abrahamic religions. The term was in common use in the Middle Ages. At that time, the Jews were shown as evil in many European countries. It was believed that the witches killed people in secret rituals or poisoned wells during the Witches Sabbath. From about the 14th century, the Holy Inquisition used this belief to organise pogroms against people it called heretics. The Catholic Church developed a whole set of ideas about witches. According to this theory, the Witches Sabbath is one of the five elements that characterize a witch. The other elements are witches' flight, a pact with the devil, the idea that they entered into a sexual relationship with the devil, and that they used black magic to harm people. The idea of a conspiracy theory was thematised more and more in the fifteenth century. People feared a secret society or sect of witches and warlocks (male witches) that would do harm.
Fishkill, New York
Fishkill is a village within the Town of Fishkill in Dutchess County, in the state of New York in the United States.
Rolf Maurer
Rolf Maurer (16 April 1938 – 6 June 2019) was a Swiss road racing cyclist. He was born in Hedingen, Zürich. He started his professional career in 1960. In 1964, he won both the Tour de Suisse and Tour de Romandie. He retired in 1969.
Maurer died on 6 June 2019 in Hedingen, at the age of 81.
Vivian Stanshall
Vivian Anthony Stanshall (born on the 21st of March 1943 – died on the 5th of March 1995) was an English singer-songwriter, musician, author and poet, best known for his work with the Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band. Stanshall was also an acclaimed Poet.
Sixteen days before he turned 52, he died in a house fire on 5th of March 1995.
Rebecca Stead
Rebecca Stead is an American children’s author. She graduated from Vassar College in 1989. She is the author of three popular children's books: First Light, When You Reach Me, and Liar & Spy.
Early life
Stead was born in New York City on January 16, 1968. From the time she was young, she was interested in literature and writing. She worked as a lawyer and public defender several years. Stead is married to a lawyer named Sean O’Brien. They have two children. She began writing again when she was raising her children.
Books and achievements
Stead has written three young adult books. Her first book, First Light, was published in 2007. It is about a young boy who is studying climate change. Her second book, When You Reach Me, was published in 2009. It is a mix of mystery, historical fiction, and a school story. It won the Newbery Medal in 2010. Her next book, Liar and Spy, was published in 2012. This book is about a seventh grade boy living in Brooklyn, New York, and how he feels about problems with his best friend. Liar and Spy won the Guardian Prize in 2013. Her latest book is Goodbye Stranger.
A Midsummer Night's Dream Overture
A Midsummer Night's Dream Overture, Op. 21 is an orchestral work by Felix Mendelssohn. He wrote the work when he was 17 in 1827. Many years later, he wrote more music for Shakespeare's play. These additions include the famous "Wedding March". The fairies of the play are represented with light, skipping music, the lovers by romantic themes, and the workmen by clownish music. Bottom is represented by a drone bass that sounds like the bray (call) of a donkey.
William Riker
William Thomas Riker is a Star Trek: The Next Generation character. He is played by Jonathan Frakes. He is first officer on the starship Enterprise. This means that he is second in command of the starship and can give orders if the Captain is away.
Character story
Riker soon becomes very comfortable on the Enterprise, many times refusing offers of his own command. On part 1-2 on the episode "The Best of Both Worlds", Riker takes command on the Enterprise and orders Jean-Luc Picard rescued.
Peyres-Possens
Peyres-Possens was a municipality of the district of Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013, the former municipalities of Chanéaz, Chapelle-sur-Moudon, Correvon, Denezy, Martherenges, Neyruz-sur-Moudon, Peyres-Possens, Saint-Cierges and Thierrens joined together to become the new municipality of Montanaire.
Crown of Aragon
The Crown of Aragon was a joining of multiple titles and states in the hands of the King of the Crown of Aragon. In the 14th and 15th the land of Aragon covered most of present-day France and Spain. The political center was at Barcelona.
Monosexuality
Monosexuality is a sexual orientation defined with attraction to one gender/sex. Monosexual groups both homosexual and heterosexual people with androsexual and gynesexual non-binary individuals. This may or may not include skoliosexuality adherently. The label is meant to include anyone that is not bisexual.
The January Man
The January Man is a 1989 comedy-thriller movie. It is about a former New York City police detective lured back into his job when a serial killer terrorizes the city. Susan Sarandon plays Christine. Harvey Keitel plays Frank. Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio plays Bernadette. Danny Aiello plays Vincent. Kevin Kline plays Nick.
The movie received negative review from critics.
Bill & Ted Face the Music
Bill & Ted Face the Music is a 2020 American science fiction comedy movie. It was directed by Dean Parisot. It was written by Chris Matheson and Ed Solomon. It is the third movie in the Bill & Ted franchise. It is a sequel to Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989) and Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey (1991). It stars Keanu Reeves, Alex Winter, William Sadler, Samara Weaving, Kid Cudi, Jayma Mays, Holland Taylor and Kristen Schaal. It was released on August 28, 2020.
Carolyn S. Shoemaker
Carolyn Jean Spellmann Shoemaker (June 24, 1929 – August 13, 2021) was an American astronomer. She was a co-discoverer of Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9. She held the record for most comets discovered by a single person.
Duane Chapman
Duane Lee Chapman, Sr. (born February 2, 1953), better known as Dog Chapman or simply Dog, is an American reality TV star, bounty hunter, and a former bail bondsman.
Carolyn S. Shoemaker
Personal life
Shoemaker was born Carolyn Jean Spellmann in Gallup, New Mexico, United States. She was the widow of Eugene Shoemaker, a planetary scientist. They were married from 1951 until his death in 1997.
Duane Chapman
Chapman became known as a bounty hunter for his successful capture of American rapist and Max Factor heir, Andrew Luster, in Mexico in 2003. He was later given his own series, Dog the Bounty Hunter (2004 – 2012), on A&E.
After Dog the Bounty Hunter ended, Chapman appeared alongside his late wife and business partner, Beth Chapman, in Dog and Beth: On the Hunt (2013 – 2015), on CMT.
Chapman married Alice Elizabeth "Beth" Barmore in 2006. The couple had two children. The Chapmans appeared on many television series together. In 2017, his wife Beth, was diagnosed with throat and lung cancer. She died on June 26, 2019 from the disease at the age of 51.
Carolyn S. Shoemaker
Career
Shoemaker started her astronomical career in 1980, searching for Earth-crossing asteroids and comets at the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, and the Palomar Observatory, San Diego, California.
Erewhon
Erewhon or  Over the Range is a novel by Samuel Butler set in the fictional country of Erewhon (in real life New Zealand) and is based on the author's time on a sheep ranch in New Zealand called "Mesopotamia Station". The book satirizes British society during the Victorian era, especially the industrial revolution, British imperialism, the class system, crime and punishment, religion and anthropocentrism. Erewhon was one of the first novels to touch on ideas of artificial intelligence, self replicating machines and the like.
Carolyn S. Shoemaker
Career
As of 2002, Shoemaker had discovered 32 comets and over 300 asteroids (counting the as-yet unnumbered ones).
Oliver Goonetilleke
Sir Oliver Ernest Goonetilleke, GCMG, KCVO, KBE (ශ්‍රිමත් ඔලිවර් අර්නස්ට් ගුණතිලක; 20 October 1892 – 17 December 1978) became the third Governor-General of Ceylon (1954-1962). He was the first Ceylonese to hold the vice-regal post. Goonetilleke played an important role in the war of independence for Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) from Britain.
Goonetilleke was Governor-General from July 17, 1954 to March 2, 1962. He served for 8 years. The monarch during his term as Governor-General was Queen Elizabeth II.
Personal details
Goonetilleke was born on October 20, 1892 in Trincomalee, Ceylon. He died on December 17, 1978 in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Goonetilleke had a wife named Esther Goonetilleke and had three children.
Ghostbusters: Afterlife
Ghostbusters: Afterlife (titled Ghostbusters: Legacy or Ghostbusters: From Beyond in some markets) is an 2021 American supernatural horror fantasy comedy movie directed by Jason Reitman and written by Reitman and Gil Kenan. It stars Carrie Coon, Finn Wolfhard, Mckenna Grace, and Paul Rudd, while Bill Murray, Dan Aykroyd, Ernie Hudson, Sigourney Weaver, and Annie Potts return to their roles from the original movies.
Ice sledge hockey at the 2017 ASEAN Para Games
The ice sledge hockey competitions at the 2017 ASEAN Para Games in Kuala Lumpur was held at the Empire City Ice Arena in Selangor and served as part of the qualification for the 2018 Winter Paralympics in Pyeongchang. This is the only time that ice sledge hockey was included at the ASEAN Para Games. The next edition of the tournament would be included at the 2020 ASEAN Para Games in the Philippines but it was canceled due to COVID-19 pandemic. The 2017 games featured men's tournament as a official event and women's tournament as a demonstration event.
Ghostbusters: Afterlife
It is the interquel and a direct sequel to Ghostbusters (1984) and Ghostbusters II (1989) also Ghostbusters: Answer The Call (2016).
Ice sledge hockey at the 2017 ASEAN Para Games
Competition schedule
The following was the competition schedule for the ice sledge hockey competitions:
Ghostbusters: Afterlife
Ghostbusters: Afterlife was originally scheduled for release in the United States on July 10, 2020, but was delayed to November 19, 2021.
Isaac Asimov's Utopia
Isaac Asimov's Utopia is a science fiction novel by Roger McBride Allen about Isaac Asimov's Foundation series.
Ice sledge hockey at the 2017 ASEAN Para Games
Competition format
The tournament will follow a single round robin format with the top team by the end of the tournament winning the gold medal.
Goaltending leaders
Only the top five goaltenders, based on save percentage, who have played at least 40% of their team's minutes, are included in this list. Source: IIHF.com
Eldorado, Texas
Eldorado is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Schleicher County.
Saint-Georges-Armont
Saint-Georges-Armont is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.
Albertville, Alabama
Albertville is the largest city in Marshall County, Alabama. Albertville had a population of 22,386 people in 2020. It has an area of about 27 miles, and a height of 1,024 feet. Other cities in Marshall County include Arab.
Close to Us
Close to Us (Рядом с нами) is a 1957 Soviet drama movie directed by Adolf Bergunker. It stars Leonid Bykov, Innokenty Smoktunovsky, and Klara Luchko.
Schleicher County, Texas
Schleicher County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 2,451 people lived there. The county seat is Eldorado.
Saint-Cierges
Saint-Cierges was a municipality of the district of Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013, the former municipalities of Chanéaz, Chapelle-sur-Moudon, Correvon, Denezy, Martherenges, Neyruz-sur-Moudon, Peyres-Possens, Saint-Cierges and Thierrens joined together to become the new municipality of Montanaire.
Audrey Long
Audrey Charteris (née Long; April 22, 1922 – September 19, 2014) was an American actress. She appeared in 33 low-budget movies and television shows in the 1940s and early 1950s. Her best known roles were in Yankee Doodle Dandy (1942), Tall in the Saddle (1944), Wanderer of the Wasteland (1945), Born to Kill (1947), and Desperate (1947).
Long died in Virginia Water, Surrey, after a long illness on September 19, 2014, aged 92.
Whataya Want from Me
Whataya Want from Me is the 2nd single released off the album For Your Entertainment by Season 8 runner-up of American Idol Adam Lambert. The song was written by Pink, Max Martin, and Shellback and was recorded by Pink for her fifth studio album, Funhouse, but did not make it to the final cut. It was produced by Max Martin and Shellback, who have collaborated with Pink, Britney Spears, Katy Perry, and fellow Idols Kelly Clarkson, Daughtry, Allison Iraheta and Carrie Underwood. The song received a Grammy nomination for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance.
Music video
The music video for "Whataya Want from Me" was directed by Diane Martel and shot on December 20, 2009. It premiered on January 15, 2010, on VH1. The video features Lambert becoming frustrated with the very intrusive camera man. There are also performance clips throughout the video of Lambert performing with his band. One scene in the video features Lambert making his way through a crowd of paparazzi and fans into a car. At the beginning of the song, Adam switches the TV off, and then begins singing "slow it down, whataya want from me," leading one interpretation to be that what he was watching was actually the AMAs.
Chart performance
"Whataya Want from Me" debuted at number 72 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 on the week of January 2, 2010.[34][35] Following his appearance as a mentor on American Idol (season 9), the song reached #10, becoming Lambert's second Top 20 single (the first being his cover of "Mad World", which peaked at #19) and first Top 10 single on the Billboard Hot 100.
P!nk
The song was originally written and recorded for pop artist Pink. The song was supposed to be featured on the album Funhouse in 2008, however never made it to its final cut. Lambert was offered the song to be a single and later ended up being featured as the 2nd track on his album For Your Entertainment.
Fonzerelli's Electro House Club Group
The Fonzerelli's Electro House Club released their remixed version of the song "Whataya Want from Me" on November 27th, 2009 and was released for radio mainstream on January 5th, 2010.
Brad Walsh
Brad Walsh previously remixed Lambert's "For Your Entertainment" and "Time For Miracles". On November 27th, 2009, Walsh's remix of the song hit mainstream and was released for digital download on iTunes Store. The remixed version of the song by Brad was cut down in a shortened version for radio mainstream.
Jason Nevins
On November 27th, 2009, American DJ, producer and remixer Jason Nevins released his remixed version of the song "Whataya Want from Me" on iTunes Store.
Tajik people
Tajiks ( Tājīk) are a Persian-speaking Iranian ethnic group who are mostly found in what is now Tajikistan, including in parts of Afghanistan, Uzbekistan and China. Alternative names for the Tajiks are (Eastern) Persian, Dehqan, and Farsiwan. After the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979, some Tajik refugees escaped to live in neighboring Iran and Pakistan. Most Tajiks are Sunni Muslims, but a few in remote mountain areas follow Shia Islam alongside pockets in cities such as Herat and Kabul.
The name Tajik being used for this group of people began in the early 20th century by the Russians. Before that, they were called Sarts. The name Tajik refers to the traditionally sedentary people who speak a form of Persian language called Tajiki in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, and officially called Dari in Afghanistan.
It is generally accepted that the origin of the word Tajik is Middle Persian Tāzīk "Arab" (New Persian: Tazi), or an Iranian (Sogdian or Parthian) cognate word. Some Turks of Central Asia adopted a variant of this word, Täžik, to designate the Persian Muslims in the Oxus basin and Khorasan, who were the Turks' rivals.
Historians believe that the Tajiks may be connected to ancient Aryans who lived in the region for thousands of years. They were the heirs and transmitters of the Central Asian sedentary culture that diffused in prehistoric times from the Iranian plateau into an area extending roughly from the Caspian Sea to the borders of China. The Aryans constituted the core of the ancient population of Khwarezm, Sogdiana and Bactria, which formed part of Transoxania. They were included in the empires of Persia and Alexander the Great, and they mixed with later invaders like the Mauryans, Kushans and Hepthalites. Over the course of time, the language that was used by these ancient people eventually gave way to Farsi, a western dialect now officially spoken in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan. In the 13th century, Genghis Khan and his Mongol army settled in many of the popular Persian cities after wiping out the Persian population. These Mongols later adopted the Persian language and the religion of Islam, the Persian-speaking Hazaras claiming partial descent from them. Tajiks usually reject a Mongol or Turkic origin and claim to be descended from the ancient Iranians of Central Asia. However, historically, there has been heavy intermixing between the sedentary Turkic-speaking Central Asians and the Persian-speaking Central Asians
Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey
Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey is a 1991 American science fiction comedy movie. It is the second movie in the Bill & Ted franchise, and a sequel to Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989). Keanu Reeves, Alex Winter, Hal Lando and George Carlin return to their roles from the first movie. It also stars William Sadler as Death. It received mixed reviews.
A sequel, Bill & Ted Face the Music is scheduled to be released in August 2020.
Cast
Progressive rock/metal band Primus appear as themselves during Battle of the Bands, performing "Tommy the Cat". Musician Jim Martin, at the time the lead guitarist of Faith No More, also appears as himself, introduced by Rufus as "Sir James Martin, head of the Faith No More Spiritual and Theological Center." Candace and Lauren Mead portray "Little Bill" Logan and "Little Ted" Preston; with the characters revealed in Bill & Ted Face the Music to be girls, whose full names are shown to be Billie Logan and Thea Preston.
Sadler had been drawn to the role of Death as at the time, he had been cast as a serious villain in numerous films, but had wanted to return to doing comedy as he had done earlier in the Broadway production of Biloxi Blues. Having enjoyed Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure, he thought the idea of Death as a villain in a comedic film would be a good role for him, auditioning via tape using an accent from Czechoslovakian actor Jan Tříska with whom he had co-performed in an earlier stage production. When he was called in to audition in person, they had asked him to come in aged makeup; Sadler contacted Scott Eddo, the makeup supervisor for Die Hard 2 to make him look authentically old, which Sadler believed helped get him the role, along with the humor he injected into the audition. Sadler said that in the film, nearly everything Death does was written into the script, outside of the same accent that he used from his audition forward.
The name "Station" was the result of a leftover editing typo, according to the movie's writers Chris Matheson and Ed Solomon. They had cut a scene from the script, labeled "INT. POLICE STATION" but had left the "STATION" part dangling, and as they were drunk at the time, found that saying "Station" in a "[tiny] Martian voice" was hilarious, and the name stuck.
Nyssa (Doctor Who)
Nyssa is a fictional character in the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. She is played by Sarah Sutton. Nyssa came from the planet Traken. Nyssa was created by writer Johnny Byrne for the Fourth Doctor serial The Keeper of Traken, but the production team later decided that she should join the Doctor on his travels. She returned in the next serial Logopolis, in which the Fourth Doctor regenerated, and remained as a companion of the Fifth Doctor. She was a regular in the programme from 1981 to 1983. Sutton was the youngest female actor to play a companion in the series.
Character history
Nyssa is a alien from the planet Traken, the daughter of Tremas (a consul of the Traken Union) and stepdaughter of Kassia. She helps the Doctor and Adric to defeat Master. During her journeys with Tegan and Adric aboard the TARDIS, Nyssa finds herself trapped in a mathematical equation by the Master – whom she hates as he is, of course, now using "that face" (her father's). She also encounters a race of androids and their insane ruler, helps foil the genocidal plans of a wounded Terileptil and incidentally start the Great Fire of London, and discovers her remarkable resemblance to Ann Talbot.
Appearances in other media
Nyssa's fate after she leaves the TARDIS is not known, although the spin-off novel Asylum, by Peter Darvill-Evans, reveals that she eventually leaves Terminus and settles down as an academic in a university on an unspecified planet. In Asylum, Nyssa shares an adventure with the Fourth Doctor from a time before he met her, leaving the Doctor with the knowledge that he will have to be extremely careful dealing with Nyssa when they eventually meet to avoid changing history.
Since then, Sutton has also voiced Nyssa in several audio plays alongside Peter Davison as the Fifth Doctor, produced by Big Finish Productions.
Heart-Shaped Box
"Heart-Shaped Box" is a song by the American grunge band Nirvana. It was written by lead singer and guitarist Kurt Cobain. It was released on August 23, 1993 as the first single from their third studio album In Utero.
Cobain's wife Courtney Love thought the song was about her, although it was actually written about children with cancer.
Time for Miracles
Time for Miracles is a song written and composed by Alain Johannes and Natasha Schneider and produced by Rob Cavallo. Adam Lambert is the singer for the song and was released as a single off the album For Your Entertainment. It was also released as a promotional single for the 2009 action-thriller movie 2012. The single was released on October 18th, 2009 for promotional release and on November 3rd, 2009 for radio mainstream.
Before "Time for Miracles" was released to the public, it had already garnered positive reviews. Brian May of Queen was able to listen to the full track and praised the song as "truly sensational" and complimented Lambert's vocals, stating, "Adam's voice reaches out with sensitivity, depth, maturity, and awesome range and power that will make jaws drop all around the world."
Chart performance
On the chart week ending November 7, 2009, "Time for Miracles" debuted at #50 on the Billboard Hot 100. In the United States, the song has sold 124,000 legal digital downloads.
City of Manchester Stadium
The City of Manchester Stadium is a stadium in Manchester, England. More commonly, it is called the Etihad Stadium. The other names for the stadium are COMS or Eastlands. The stadium was designed by Arup and built by John Laing. It was first designed as part of Manchester's failed bid for the 2000 Summer Olympics. The stadium was built for the 2002 Commonwealth Games at a cost of £110 million. After the Games, it was turned into a football stadium. It became the home of Manchester City F.C. who moved there from Maine Road in 2003 after signing a 250-year lease.
The stadium is shaped like a bowl. It has two levels all the way around. There is a third level along the two side stands and one of the stands behind the goal. As of the start of the 2010/2011 season, it is the third largest stadium in the FA Premier League and the ninth largest in the United Kingdom, with 55,097 seats. The highest attendance for a football game at the stadium was on 6 February 2016 when 54,693 fans watched Manchester City play Leicester City. On 14 May 2008, it hosted the UEFA Cup Final.
Manchester City F.C. signed an agreement with Manchester City Council in March 2010 to allow redevelopment of land around the stadium. This may include adding more seats to make 60,000 in the stadium. Work on land around the stadium started in September 2010. The club is also talking with Manchester City Council to make a new lease on the stadium for the future.
In 2023 the club got planning permission to make the stadium bigger. The plan is to make room enough for 60,000 seats, build a hotel, a club shop and museum, a sky bar. This will cost about £300 million.
History
The City of Manchester Stadium's foundation stone was laid by Prime Minister, Tony Blair, in December 1999. Building began in January 2000. The stadium was designed by Arup and built by John Laing. The stadium cost about £110 million. £77 million of that was paid by Sport England and the rest was paid by the Manchester City Council. For the Commonwealth Games, the stadium had one lower level along three sides of the athletics track. There was a second level on the two sides. It had an open-air temporary stand at one end. The first public event at the stadium was the opening ceremony of the 2002 Commonwealth Games on 25 July 2002. Among the celebrities present at the ceremony was Queen Elizabeth II. During the ten days of competition, the stadium hosted all athletics events and the rugby sevens. Four Commonwealth records were set at the stadium, including the women's triple jump and the women's 5000 m.
After the Commonwealth Games, the stadium was changed so it could be used as a football stadium. Athletics events had been very successful at the Commonwealth Games. Athletics figures such as Jonathan Edwards and Sebastian Coe therefore criticised the decision to change the stadium into a football stadium. Redevelopment was called necessary to give the stadium a future. Sections of the track were removed and placed at other athletics stadiums. The ground level was lowered to make way for another level of seating. The temporary stand was taken apart. It was replaced with a permanent structure of similar design to the existing one at the southern end. This work took a year and added 12,000 seats. Manchester City F.C. moved to the new ground for the 2003–04 season. The change cost over £30 million. It was paid for by the football club.
The first public football match at the stadium was a friendly between Manchester City and Barcelona on 10 August 2003. Manchester City won the game 2–1. The first goal at the stadium was scored by Nicolas Anelka. The first competitive match followed four days later. It was a UEFA Cup game between Manchester City and Welsh Premier League side TNS. City won 5–0. Manchester City started the Premier League season with an away match. They beat Charlton 3–0. Their first home league match in their new stadium was not until 23 August. They drew 1-1 with Portsmouth. David Sommeil scored City's goal. Portsmouth's was scored by Yakubu Aiyegbeni. Their first Premier League win did not come until 14 September. Nicolas Anelka scored a hat-trick to help City beat Aston Villa 4–1. The record football attendance at the stadium is 47,348. It was set at a Premier League game against Chelsea on 5 December 2009.
The stadium has also hosted several other sporting events. It became the 50th stadium to host an England international football match when the English and Japanese national teams played on 1 June 2004. On 30 October of that year, it played host to a rugby league match between Great Britain and Australia in the Tri-Nations series. In June 2005, the stadium hosted England's opening game in the UEFA Women's Championship. It set an attendance record for the competition. It is rated as an elite stadium by UEFA. It hosted the 2008 UEFA Cup Final between Rangers and Zenit St Petersburg.
The stadium has a number of unofficial nicknames. Eastlands was used before the stadium was officially named. It is still commonly used. City of Manchester Stadium is sometimes abbreviated to COMS when written. The Blue Camp, a pun on Barcelona's Nou Camp, has been used rarely. After the club was taken over by the Emirati Abu Dhabi United Group in 2008, some fans called the stadium Middle Eastlands as a joke. The stadium has generally received positive feedback from fans. It came in second behind Old Trafford in a 2005 poll to find the United Kingdom's favourite football ground. As Manchester City Council owns the stadium, it is also called the "Council House" by fans of City's rivals, Manchester United.
The stadium is owned by Manchester City Council. It is leased by the football club. The 2008 takeover made the football club the richest in the world. This led to rumors that the club could think about buying the stadium from the city.
Parts of the stadium
The inside of the City of Manchester Stadium is a full oval bowl. It has three levels of seating at the sides and two levels at each end. While the seating is a full bowl, each side of the stadium has its own name. This is like other football grounds. At first, all sides of the stadium were named by compass direction (North Stand and South Stand for the ends, East Stand and West Stand for the sides). In February 2004, after a vote by fans, the West Stand was renamed the Colin Bell Stand. It was named in honour of the former player. The vote was almost stopped, as it was taken over by rival fans. They hoped the stand would be nicknamed "The Bell End" (even though the stand is to the side, not at an end). However, fans of the club made it clear they wanted the name to stay. The South Stand was officially named the Key 103 Stand for sponsorship reasons from 2003 to 2006. Fans mostly ignored this name for it. Part of the North Stand is called the Family Stand. It is reserved for supporters with children. The East Stand is unofficially known to fans as the Kippax. It is named after the East Stand from Maine Road. Supporters of visiting teams sit in part of the South Stand. There vxkl vlkzdv the stadium. They are along the West, North and East Stands.
The stadium roof is toroidal (like a doughnut) in shape. It is suspended from steel cables attached to eight towers. These provide access to the upper level of seating via spiral ramps. The areas without seating in each corner have movable louvres. This allows for air to move through the pitch. Entry is gained by contactless smart card rather than the usual manned turnstile. This system can admit up to 1,200 people per minute around all entrances. A service tunnel running under the stadium provides access for emergency vehicles. It allows the visiting team's bus to enter the stadium directly. Inside the stadium are six themed restaurants. Two of restaurants have views of the pitch. There are also a number of conference facilities. The stadium is also licensed for marriage ceremonies.
The City of Manchester Stadium has a UEFA standard dimension pitch, 105 x. It has a natural grass pitch reinforced with artificial grass fibres made by Desso. There are 218 floodlights in the stadium. Each uses 2000 watts. In total they use 436,000 watts when they are all on.
The stadium is the centrepiece of an area known as Sportcity. It also includes several other sporting venues. Next to the stadium is the Manchester Regional Arena. The Arena served as a warm-up track during the Commonwealth Games. It is now a 6,178 capacity venue that hosts national athletics trials and Manchester City reserve team games. The Manchester Velodrome and the National Squash Centre are close to the stadium. In September 2006, Manchester City received planning permission to build an 85 m wind turbine at the stadium. Designed by Norman Foster, the turbine was meant to give power for the stadium and nearby homes. Safety concerns about ice on the blades led to the proposal being stopped. From 2005 to 2009 a Thomas Heatherwick sculpture, B of the Bang, was present in front of the stadium. Built to honor the success of the 2002 Commonwealth Games, it was the tallest sculpture in the UK. However, structural problems led to the sculpture being taken apart in 2009.
On 30 January 2007, it was announced that the UK's first Super Casino would be built in the Sportcity area close to the stadium. Plans for this have since been stopped. It did receive authorisation from the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport.
Reception
Many people called The 2002 Commonwealth Games a huge success with the stadium gaining positive reviews for its atmosphere and architectural design.
The City of Manchester Stadium has won a number of design awards. This includes the 2004 Royal Institute of British Architects Inclusive Design Award for inclusive building design, and the 2003 Institution of Structural Engineers Structural Special Award.
Manchester City's reaction to the stadium was a mix of positive and negative. Some fans were not too excited about moving from the famous Maine Road, Maine Road had a reputation for having a great atmosphere and character. Others were happy about the bigger stadium and move back to east Manchester where Manchester City formed. A 2007 Premier League fan poll found that fans thought views at the stadium were second best in the Premier League after the Emirates Stadium. But the stadium had a problem common in modern stadia; the atmosphere was rated as second lowest in the league by City fans. Fans of opposing teams have generally given positive feedback. The stadium came in second behind Old Trafford in a 2005 poll to find the United Kingdom's favourite football ground.
Transport
The City of Manchester Stadium is to the east of Manchester city centre. The stadium site itself has 2,000 parking spaces. Another 8,000 spaces in the area around the stadium are provided by local businesses and schools working with the football club. The nearest railway station is Ashburys. It is a 20-minute walk south of the stadium. Services are limited due to the small size of the station. Manchester Piccadilly, which serves mainline trains from London, Birmingham and Edinburgh, is a 30-minute walk away. Several special bus services serve the stadium when events take place.
An extension to the Metrolink tram system with a stop at the stadium was announced in 2000. However, after a government spending review, the plan was put on hold in July 2004. In July 2006, funding for the extension was reinstated, but for a shorter length. A Sportcity Metrolink station opened on 11 February 2013.
Concerts
Outside the football season, the stadium hosts concerts. It is one of the UK's largest music venues. It has a maximum capacity of 60,000 for performances. The first concert at the stadium was a performance by the Red Hot Chili Peppers in 2004. They were supported by James Brown. Local band and vocal Manchester City supporters, Oasis, have played concerts at the stadium. One of their shows was featured on their DVD Lord Don't Slow Me Down. Another Manchester act, Take That, also released a DVD of their performance at the stadium, Take That: The Ultimate Tour.
Other artists who have played the stadium are U2, Rod Stewart, Foo Fighters supported by Manic Street Preachers and The Futureheads, Bon Jovi & George Michael.
In June 2018, Taylor Swift played the first of her UK ‘Reputation Stadium Tour' over two nights.
Summer activities such as concerts and boxing matches often tear up the pitch. In 2008, end-of-season fixes, along with an early start to the football season, meant the pitch was not ready in time for the first scheduled home game. Because of this, Manchester City played their UEFA Cup first round qualifying match at Barnsley's Oakwell Stadium.
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