cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Armens
Etymology
The word Armani, (mentioned in Akkadian inscriptions as early as 2400 BC) an early form of Armen-Armin or Arman denotes the national affiliation, as with many cultures standing for the particular nation thus, the God AR being the primary deity in the Indo-European (aka Aryan) pantheon - thus AR MAN denotes—Men of Ar or Children of Ar, again initially AR standing for ARAREL-ARARICH [hence Ar-Ar-At the Place of ARAR] -- Create-Creator, also Sun, Light, Life and Love.
BAFTA Award for Best British Screenplay
The BAFTA Award for Best British Screenplay was a British Academy Film Award from 1954 to 1967.
1967
A Man for All Seasons - Robert Bolt
Mount Ararat
Mount Ararat (Turkish: Ağrı Dağı; Armenian: Արարատ; Kurdish: Grîdax‎ or Çiyayê Agirî) is the tallest peak in the Armenian Highlands and modern-day Turkey. The mountain is always capped with snow, and it is a dormant volcano.
BAFTA Award for Best British Screenplay
1966
Morgan: A Suitable Case for Treatment - David Mercer
1965
Darling - Frederic Raphael
Mount Ararat
History
The people and area who lived in this area was the Armenian kingdom of Ararat (in Assyrian: Urartu). Armenians lived here for nearly 3000 years. In the 16th century the mountain became part of the border between the Ottoman Empire and the Safavid dynasty of Persia. Later it was the border of Russia. In 1923 the Treaty of Lausanne put Ararat in the administration of Turkey. It is a national symbol of Armenia and an object of irredentism.
BAFTA Award for Best British Screenplay
1964
The Pumpkin Eater - Harold Pinter
1963
Tom Jones - John Osborne
1962
Lawrence of Arabia - Robert Bolt
1961
The Day the Earth Caught Fire - Wolf Mankowitz, Val Guest, and
A Taste of Honey - Shelagh Delaney, Tony Richardson
1960
The Angry Silence - Bryan Forbes
1958
Orders to Kill - Paul Dehn
1957
The Bridge on the River Kwai - Pierre Boulle
1956
The Man Who Never Was - Nigel Balchin
1955
The Ladykillers - William Rose
1954
The Young Lovers - George Tabori, Robin Estridge
1432
Year 1432 was a leap year starting on Tuesday.
La Liga
The Campeonato Nacional de Liga de Primera División, commonly known as Primera División, or La Liga, and officially known as LALIGA EA SPORTS (stylized as all caps) for sponsorship reasons, is the men's top professional football league of the Spanish football league system. It is contested by 20 teams.
First Republic of Armenia
End of the Republic, 1920
Armenia gave way to communist power in late 1920. In September 1920, the Turkish revolutionaries moved in on the capital. First an armistice was concluded, on November 18, and then a full peace treaty - Treaty of Alexandropol on 2nd and/or 3rd of December 1920.
During that time, the Soviet 11th Red Army invasion started on the 29th of November 1920. The actual transfer of power took place on December 2 in Yerevan. Armenian leadership approved an ultimatum, presented to it by the Soviet plenipotentiary Boris Legran - who was at work as one of major Russian diplomats on Caucasus at that time. Armenia decided to join the Soviet sphere, while the Soviet Russia agreed to protect its remaining territory from the advancing Turkish army. Soviets also pledged to take steps to rebuild the army, protect the Armenians, not to pursue non-communist Armenians. None of these promises were kept.
On December 4, 1920, the Red Army entered Yerevan, the government of Armenian Republic effectively stopped working. On December 5, the Armenian Revolutionary Committee (Revkom; made up of mostly Armenians from Azerbaijan) also entered the city. Finally, on the following day, December 6, Felix Dzerzhinsky's dreaded secret police, the Cheka, entered Yerevan, thus effectively ending the existence of the Democratic Republic of Armenia. The rest of Armenia was under control of the communist government. The part by Turkey remained for the most part theirs - by the subsequent Treaty of Kars. Soon, the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic was proclaimed, under the leadership of Aleksandr Miasnikyan. It was to be included into the newly created Transcaucasian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic.
Panayiotis Zavos
Panayiotis Michael Zavos (Παναγιώτης Ζαβός), or Panos Zavos (Πάνος Ζαβός, ), is a Cypriot physiologist. He has been criticized for making dubious claims about his ability to clone humans.
Gal
Gal can mean the following:
Panayiotis Zavos
He claims to have cloned and implanted human embryos. His allegations, have been strongly rejected by doctors, lawmakers, religious and pressure groups after he failed to show any proof.
Vanessa Proux
Vanessa Proux (31 May 1974) is a French biologist and the current head of Sup'Biotech.
Holder of a Master's degree in biochemistry (1997) and one more in microbiology, Vanessa Proux graduates from University of Technology of Compiègne in October 2001 (Doctorate in microbiology). During 4 years, she is teacher and researcher.
Lord-lieutenant
The title Lord Lieutenant is given to the British monarch's personal representatives around the United Kingdom, usually in a county, with varying tasks throughout history. Usually a retired local notable, senior military officer, peer or business person is given the post honourarily. Both men and women are eligible for the post.
England and Wales
In England and Wales and Ireland, the lord lieutenant was the principal officer of his county. His creation dates from the Tudors.
Angels & Demons
Angels & Demons is a book by American author Dan Brown. This book follows the story of Robert Langdon, the professor who studies about mysterious codes and ancient societies. The main subject of the book is how Robert Langdon, with the help of the beautiful scientist Vittoria Vetra, search for the container of a dangerous substance named antimatter that would destroy the Vatican city at midnight, and rescue the four cardinals in the day of the Conclave. To find the container and rescue the cardinals, Langdon and Vittoria have to follow the "Path of Illumination", that is marked by sculptures made by a member of illuminati - Bernini, each of them representing one of the elements of science, Earth, Air, Fire and Water. In the end they are able to rescue only 1 cardinal and the antimatter is lifted into the sky where it explodes harmlessly.
Lord-lieutenant
England and Wales
Lieutenants were first appointed to a number of English historic counties by Henry VIII in the 1540s, when the military functions of the sheriff were handed over to him. He raised was responsible for the efficiency of the local militia units of the county, and afterwards of the yeomanry, and volunteers. He was Commander of these forces and appointed their officers.
Lieutenancies became more organised soon, probably in the reign of his successor Edward VI, their establishment being approved by the English parliament in 1550. It was not until the threat of invasion by the forces of Spain in 1585 that lieutenants were appointed to all counties. After the defeat of the Spanish Armada, the need for lieutenants was reduced—and the lieutenancies of some counties were left vacant in the 1590s.
The three ridings (sub-divisions) of Yorkshire each got their own.
The official title of the office at this time was His or Her Majesty's lieutenant for the county, but as almost all office-holders were peers they were referred to as "lord-lieutenant".
The Twentieth Century
The Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907 established County Territorial Force Associations, of which the lord-lieutenant was to be head. So the combination of counties and county corporates as lieutenancy counties was restored.
Local Government reform in England in 1965 led to the appointment of lord-lieutenants to Greater London and Huntingdon and Peterborough, and the abolition of those of the County of London, Middlesex and Huntingdonshire.
In 1975 counties ceased to be used for local government purposes in Scotland. The Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 replaced the counties with regions, and each region was to have one or more lord-lieutenants appointed. The areas to which they were appointed approximated to the counties and were based and were defined in terms of the new local government districts.
Present-day
In 1996 Scottish regions and districts were abolished on further local government reorganisation, and since that date lord-lieutenants have been appointed to lieutenancy areas.
Partial reform of local government in England since 1995 has led to the creation of so-called ceremonial counties to which lord-lieutenants are now appointed. The Lieutenancies Act 1997 is the most recent piece of primary legislation dealing with Lieutenancies in England and includes the definitive list of the current areas used. Ceremonial counties may be comprised of combinations of county council areas and unitary authorities.
The City of London was unaffected by changes introduced since 1882. It has a Commission of Lieutenancy rather than a single Lord-Lieutenant. The Head of the commission is the Lord Mayor of London.
The modern responsibilities of lord-lieutenants include:
As the sovereign's representative in his or her county, the Lord-Lieutenant remains non-political and holds no office in any political party. The usual age of retirement is 75. They are appointed for life, although the sovereign may remove them.
The Lord-Lieutenant is supported by a Vice Lord-Lieutenant and Deputy Lieutenants which he or she appoints. They are unpaid, but receive minimal allowances for secretarial help, mileage allowance and a driver. Male Lord-Lieutenants receive an allowance for the ceremonial uniform, worn when receiving members of the royal family and on other formal occasions.
There is no uniform for a female Lord-Lieutenant, but there is a badge which can be worn on ceremonial occasions. Male Lord-Lieutenants wear a dark blue uniform in the style of an Army No. 1 dress along with a cap and sword with a steel scabbard. The uniform for a male Vice Lord-Lieutenant and Deputy Lieutenants is of a similar style, but with features to distinguish it from a Lord-Lieutenant.
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
The Lord Lieutenant of Ireland was the head of the British administration in Ireland until the foundation of the Irish Free State in 1922.
BAFTA Rising Star Award
The EE Rising Star Award, formerly known as the Orange Rising Star Award, is one of the award categories for the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA). It is for new talents in the acting industry. The award was made after Mary Selway's death in 2004. She helped many new actors and actresses to fame. The five nominees can be any nationality and either gender. Their breakthrough can be in television, film or both. The nominees are chosen by the BAFTA juries. The winner is chosen entirely by the public votes by text, internet or phone. This award was sponsored by Orange UK until 2012. From 2013, it was sponsored by EE.
Panicos Nicolaou
Panicos Nicolaou is the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the Bank of Cyprus. He is the chairman of the Board of Directors of the Association of Cyprus Banks, and a board member of the European Banking Federation.
National Air Traffic Services
The United Kingdom's National Air Traffic Services (NATS) is a company set up in 2001 to run air traffic control services. This means that NATS makes sure aircraft can fly safely across Britain, and that aircraft can take-off and land safely at British airports.
NATS is a private company, but the government owns 49%, just under half.
Before 2001 the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) handled air traffic control.
Gulf Cooperation Council
The Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (مجلس التعاون لدول الخليج العربي), originally (and still colloquially) known as the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC; مجلس التعاون الخليجي), is an Arab regional political, economic, military and security organization. GCC has six Arab countries bordering the Arabian Gulf. They form the majority of the area of ​​the Arabian Peninsula; Saudi Arabia,Oman, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar and Bahrain.
It was established on May 25, 1981 at the meeting held in Abu Dhabi, after it was suggested by Jaber_al-Ahmad_al-Sabah. The General Secretariat of the Council is currently held by Nayef Al-Hajraf. The council is based in the Saudi capital, Riyadh.
South Caucasus
South Caucasus, also referred to as Southern Caucasia, is the southern area of the Caucasus region spanning Europe and Asia, going from the Greater Caucasus to the Turkish and Iranian borders, between the Black and Caspian Seas.
All of Armenia is in the South Caucasus; the majority of Georgia and Azerbaijan, including the exclave of Naxçıvan, fall within this area. The countries in the region produce oil, manganese ore, tea, citrus fruits, and wine.
The region is one the most complicated in the post-Soviet area, and has three heavily disputed areas – Abkhazia and South Ossetia in Georgia, and Nagorno-Karabakh in Azerbaijan.
History
The region was combined togerther twice – during the Russian Civil War (Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic) from 9 April 1918 to 26 May 1918, and under the Soviet rule (Transcaucasian SFSR) from 12 March 1922 to 5 December 1936.
The area of Transcaucasia, which is where modern day Azerbaijan, Georgia and Armenia are located, is one of areas where the wine producing vines vitis vinifera grow. Some experts think that this may be where wine was produced for the first time. Archeological excavation and carbon dating of grape pips from the area have dated back to 7000-5000BC.
Sources and references
(incomplete)
Werdau
Werdau is a town in the German rural district Zwickau. Werdau is a part of the administrative region of Chemnitz in the Free State of Saxony. It is lies on the river Pleiße, 8 km from Zwickau.
Reichenbach im Vogtland
Reichenbach is the largest city in the rural district of Vogtlandkreis in Saxony, Germany.
St. Matthew's Church, Starogard Gdański
St. Matthew's Church (pl. Kościół św. Mateusza) is Roman Catholic, gothic church in Starogard Gdański in Poland.
History
The first church was built in XII century, current building was built in 1350. Fire destroy the church in 1461,1484 and 1655. On the Reformation time church belonged to lutherans, since 1599 again belongs to catholics.
French overseas collectivities
The Overseas collectivities (French: collectivité d'outre-mer or COM), are an administrative division of France. These territories include some former overseas territories and other French overseas holdings with a particular status. All of these were given the name collectivités d'outre-mer because of a constitutional reform on March 28, 2003.
As of March 31, 2011, there are five of these communities:
BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay
The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) Award for Best Adapted Screenplay has been presented to its winners since 1983. Before it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Screenplay.
1980s
1983: Heat and Dust – Ruth Prawer Jhabvala
1984: The Killing Fields – Bruce Robinson
1985: Prizzi's Honor – Richard Condon and Janet Roach
1986: Out of Africa – Kurt Luedtke
1987: Jean de Florette – Claude Berri and Gérard Brach
1988: The Unbearable Lightness of Being – Jean-Claude Carrière and Philip Kaufman
Coswig, Saxony
Coswig is a town in the district of Meißen, in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is located about 9 km southeast of Meißen and 13 km northwest of Dresden.
BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay
1980s
1989: Dangerous Liaisons – Christopher Hampton
Palaestra at Olympia
The palaestra at Olympia, Greece is an ancient structure, now in ruins. There were many palaestra throughout Greece. A palaestra was the place where Greek athletes trained for and practiced wrestling, the pankration, and sometimes boxing. The palaestra at Olympia was built sometime in the third century BC.
It is north of the gymnasion. It is square. Its sides are each about 66 meters long. Its door is in the northwest corner. The lower part of the outer walls were made of stone and the upper part of brick. Inside was a sand-covered yard open to the sky. This yard was surrounded on all four sides with colonnades of Doric columns. In bad weather, the athletes practiced under these colonnades.
Off these colonnades were rooms where the athletes dressed and undressed, rubbed themselves with olive oil, dusted themselves with powder or sand, and met friends. There was a tub (1.5 meters deep) in the corner of the yard that was used for cold baths. There were rooms for the storage of oil and equipment.
In 1955–56, the German Archaeological Institute partly restored the palaestra. Complete restoration is not possible because many of the columns have been completely destroyed.
BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay
1990s
1991: The Commitments – Dick Clement, Roddy Doyle and Ian La Frenais
1992: The Player – Michael Tolkin
1993: Schindler's List - Steven Zaillian
1995: Trainspotting – John Hodge
1996: The English Patient – Anthony Minghella
1997: Romeo + Juliet – Baz Luhrmann and Craig Pearce
1998: Primary Colors – Elaine May
1999: The End of the Affair – Neil Jordan
2000s
2000: Traffic – Stephen Gaghan
2001: Shrek – Ted Elliott, Terry Rossio, Roger S.H. Schulman and Joe Stillman
2002: Adaptation. – Charlie and Donald Kaufman
2003: The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King – Philippa Boyens, Peter Jackson and Fran Walsh
2004: Sideways – Alexander Payne and Jim Taylor
2005: Brokeback Mountain – Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana
2006: The Last King of Scotland – Jeremy Brock and Peter Morgan
2007: The Diving Bell and the Butterfly – Ronald Harwood
2008: Slumdog Millionaire – Simon Beaufoy
2009: Up in the Air – Jason Reitman and Sheldon Turner
2010s
2010 The Social Network – Aaron Sorkin
Crimmitschau
Crimmitschau is a town in the rural district of Zwickau in the  Free State of Saxony, Germany.
The first documentation of Crimmitschau is from 1212.
BAFTA Award for Best Makeup and Hair
This is a list of BAFTA Award winners for Best Makeup and Hair. The BAFTA Award for Best Makeup and Hair is one of several awards of the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA).
Winners and nominees
2011: The Iron Lady - Marese Langan
2009: The Young Victoria - Jenny Shircore
2008: The Curious Case of Benjamin Button – Jean Black and Colleen Callaghan
2007: The Passionate Life of Edith Piaf (La môme) – Jan Archibald and Didier Lavergne
2006: Pan's Labyrinth (El laberinto del fauno) – José Quetglás and Blanca Sánchez
2005: The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe – Howard Berger, Nikki Gooley and Gregory Nicotero
2004: The Aviator – Kathryn Blondell, Sian Grigg, and Morag Ross
2003: Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl – Ve Neill and Martin Samuel
Fantasy (disambiguation)
Fantasy is a genre of art, books, movies, television and music that uses magic and other supernatural things as a main part of either plot, theme, setting or all three. Fantasy may also refer to:
Hurricane Bud
Hurricane Bud might refer to:
Fantasy (disambiguation)
Transportation
Fantasy a cruise ship built by Carnival Cruises, which currently sails out of New Orleans to the Caribbean.
Sint Maarten
Sint Maarten (or Saint Martin) is a country that is part of the Netherlands. It is on the southern half of the island of St. Martin in the Caribbean.
The Island area of St. Martin (Eilandgebied Sint Maarten) was part of the Netherlands Antilles, until the Antilles was dissolved in October 2010, when Sint Maarten became a "country" ("land") within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Government of the Netherlands is responsible for defence, foreign affairs and nationality law. Although part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the territory of Sint Maarten is not part of the European Union; however, its people are citizens of the European Union.
Czech Airlines
Czech Airlines was started as Czechoslovak State Airlines on 6 October 1923. This was when the Czech Republic and the Slovakia were one country.
Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport
The Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport is a UK cabinet position with responsibility for the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport. The role was created in 1992 by John Major as Secretary of State for National Heritage. It took on its current title on 3 July 2017. The first to fill the role, David Mellor dubbed it "Minister for Fun".
Czech Airlines
The company started flying domestically (only inside Czechoslovakia) in 1924. In 1930 they made their first international flight.
CSA stopped flying between 1938 and 1945 when the country was occupied by Germany.
When Czechoslovakia split into two countries, all of the Czechoslovak State Airlines stayed in the Czech Republic and became Czech Airlines. That is why Czech Airline's logo still says CSA : Czech Airlines
BAFTA Award for Best Makeup and Hair
Winners and nominees
2002: Frida – Judy Chin, Beatrice De Alba, John E. Jackson, and Regina Reyes
2001: The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring – Peter King, Peter Owen and Richard Taylor
2000: How the Grinch Stole Christmas – Rick Baker, Toni G, Sylvia Nava, Gail Rowell-Ryan and Kazuhiro Tsuji
1999: Topsy-Turvy - Christine Blundell
1998 - Elizabeth - Jenny Shircore
1997 - The Wings of the Dove - Sallie Jaye, Jan Archibald
1996 - The Nutty Professor - Rick Baker, David LeRoy Anderson
1995 - The Madness of King George - Lisa Westcott
1994 - The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert - Cassie Hanlon, Angela Conte, Strykermeyer
1993 - Orlando - Morag Ross
1991 - Cyrano de Bergerac Jean-Pierre Eychenne, Michèle Burke
1990 - Dick Tracy - John Caglione, Jr. Doug Drexler
1989 - The Adventures of Baron Munchausen - Maggie Weston, Fabrizio Sforza, Pam Meager
1988 - The Last Emperor - Fabrizio Sforza
1986 - Ran - Shohichiro Meda, Tameyuki Aimi, Chihako Naito, Noriko Takemizawa
1985 - Amadeus - Paul LeBlanc, Dick Smith
1984 Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes - Paul Engelen, Peter Frampton, Rick Baker, Joan Hills
1983 - Tootsie - Dorothy J. Pearl, George Masters, C. Romania Ford, Allen Allen
1982 - Quest for Fire - Sarah Monzani Christopher Tucker, Michèle Burke
Hurricane Bud (2012)
Hurricane Bud was the first hurricane of the 2012 Pacific hurricane season. It was formed on May 21, 2012, and died on May 26, 2012. It started near Western Mexico. It made landfall there, where it uprooted trees and washed away roads. It approached Baja California but did not damage it. It is unknown how many deaths it caused.
Russian Armenia
Russian Armenia (Ռուսական Հայաստան) is the time of Armenia's history under Russian rule from 1829, when Eastern Armenia became part of the Russian Empire to the start of the Democratic Republic of Armenia in 1918.
Overhead lines
Overhead lines or overhead wires are used to transmit electrical energy to trams, trolleybuses or trains at a distance from the energy supply point. This may be abbreviated to OHL or OHLE for OverHead Line Equipment.
Protagonist
A protagonist is the main character of a story. It can be used for any kind of story: in literature, a movie, a television show or a play. The protagonist is also called the central character or main character and is often the hero of the story. However, the protagonist does not always win and survive in a story.
Protagonists are usually moral and benevolent, helping other characters to change their badness to become good again, or defeating the bad characters. This is not always the case. For example, the protagonists in Psycho and Lolita are (respectively) a serial killer and a pedophile.
The protagonist's name can sometimes be in the title of the fiction he or she is in, for example:
Naomi (TV series)
Naomi is an American superhero drama television series created by Ava DuVernay and Jill Blankenship. It is based on the comic book series of the same name co-written by Brian Michael Bendis and David F. Walker and illustrated by Jamal Campbell. The show premiered on The CW on January 11, 2022.
Plot
Naomi, a cool, confident, comic book-loving teenager pursues her hidden destiny. When a supernatural event shakes her small hometown of Port Oswego, Naomi sets out to uncover its origins, with a little help from her fiercely loyal best friend Annabelle. She also has the support of her adoptive, doting parents, veteran military officer Greg and linguist Jennifer. After an encounter with Zumbado, the mysterious owner of a used car lot, leaves her shaken, Naomi turns to tattoo shop owner Dee, who becomes her reluctant mentor. While unraveling the mystery of herself, Naomi also navigates her high school friendships with both military kids and local townies, including ex-boyfriend and high school jock Nathan; Annabelle's longtime, loyal boyfriend Jacob; proud "townie" Anthony; and fellow comic book enthusiast Lourdes. As Naomi journeys to the heights of the multiverse in search of answers, what she discovers challenges her beliefs about heroes.
British Overseas Territories
Before 1981 the territories were known as colonies or Crown colonies. The British Overseas Territories are also referred to as overseas territories of the United Kingdom, UK overseas territories, or when the context is clear, simply the Overseas Territories.
Each of the British Overseas Territories have a parliament, government and prime minister to make all laws, except laws about defence and foreign affairs. The British government manages their defence and foreign affairs. British Overseas Territories which have no local population or any population, have no local self-rule. If the British Overseas Territory is ruled badly, the government of the British Overseas Territory can be taken over by the British government and ruled directly by it, without the agreement of the British Overseas Territory.
The territories of Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man, though also under the sovereignty of the British Crown, have a slightly different constitutional relationship with the United Kingdom, so they are classed as Crown dependencies rather than Overseas Territories. Unlike British Overseas Territories, the British government cannot take over the government of a Crown dependency, unless the government of the Crown dependency agrees. Territories and dependencies are distinct from the Commonwealth of Nations, a voluntary association of former British colonies.
In a historical context, colonies should be distinguished from protectorates and protected states, which though under British control, were nominally independent states, whereas colonies were part of the British state. They should also not be confused with Dominions, which, known collectively as the Commonwealth, were independent states, held to be equal in sovereign status to the United Kingdom within the Empire and Commonwealth after the Statute of Westminster in 1931. Crown colonies, such as Hong Kong, were differentiated from other colonies in being administered directly by the Crown, without the degree of local autonomy found in self-governed colonies and other British overseas territories such as Bermuda.
Head of State
The head of state in the Overseas Territories is the British monarch, currently King Charles III. The King’s role in the territories is in his role as King of the United Kingdom, and not in right of each territory. The monarch appoints a representative in each territory to exercise their executive power.
Government
All the Overseas Territories have their own system of government, and localised laws. The structure of the government appears to be closely correlated to the size and political development of the territory.
Baisweil
Baisweil is a municipality in Ostallgäu in Bavaria in Germany.
Bidingen
Bidingen is a municipality in Ostallgäu in Bavaria in Germany.
2012–13 Bundesliga
The 2012–13 Bundesliga is the 50th season of the Fußball-Bundesliga, Germany's top football league. The season started on August 24, 2012 and ended on May 18, 2012. The defending champions were Borussia Dortmund. The champion was decided before the tournament ended. FC Bayern Munich won the tournament, with 91 points (a 25-point lead).
Biessenhofen
Biessenhofen is a municipality in Ostallgäu in Bavaria in Germany.
History of Armenia
The history of Armenia and Armenians is very ancient and can go back at least 2000 BC. Archaeologists say the Shulaveri-Shomu culture of the central Transcaucasus region, and Armenia today, as the earliest known prehistoric culture in the area, carbon-dated to around 6000 - 4000 BC. But, a newer discovered tomb has been dated to 9000 BC. Another early culture in the Armenian Highlands and surrounding areas—the Kura-Araxes culture is in the period of ca. 4000 - 2200 BC, and is believed to have to go into the Trialeti culture (ca. 2200 - 1500 BC), and meaning Armenians are one of the oldest Indo-European subgroups.
Urartu
Urartu was an ancient kingdom in the Armenian Highlands.
Some experts say that the Armenians started as a mixture of the different peoples to move through the area in history: The Hurrians, Urarteans, Luvians and Mushki. This last group, also knowns as Phrygians may have brought their Indo-European language to Armenia. The Armenian language today is Indo-European, but shows a lot of influence from the earlier languages, especially Urartean.
Ancient period
The Armenians had friendly relations with the Parthian empire. The fighting between the Roman Empire and Parthia was centered in Armenia. Armenia was in between Parthian and the Roman Empire. The Armenians had already played a role in the early history of the Roman-Parthian relations. Tigranes put military and political relations with Rome and Parthia on an international legal foundation. The Parthians were allies to Armenians in many times. Many Parthian noble families had moved out and they went to Armenia.
Eisenberg, Bavaria
Eisenberg is a municipality in Ostallgäu in Bavaria in Germany.
Syndrome
In psychology and medicine, a syndrome is when there are multiple symptoms. These symptoms may be related. In some cases the way in which they are related is known, in other cases it is not. When both the relationship of symptoms and their causes are known, people generally talk about a disease.
Symptoms that occur together in similar contexts are often related, or have a common cause. Some syndromes, such as Down syndrome have only one cause. In the case of Down syndrome, the cause is known. Other syndromes, such as Pakinsonian syndrome may have many causes, and finding the exact cause may be difficult.
Counties of England
The counties of England are territorial divisions of England that have many different purposes, such as local government. Most counties began as Anglo-Saxon shires, and duchies.
The names, boundaries and functions of these divisions have changed many times. A series of local government reforms from the 19th century onwards has left the exact definition of the term 'county' unclear, and many counties have more than one definition in law.
Therefore, the term "counties of England" does not refer to a unique set of names or boundaries. There are specific sets of counties that serve a purpose in government (e.g. ceremonial county, registration county or former postal county) or are cultural regions that are sometimes loosely defined (e.g. historic county).
Historic counties
The 39 historic, ancient or traditional counties, developed from the 12th to the 16th centuries, though many of the specific areas are much older. They were not used for census reporting since 1841. Most of the historic counties continue to form part of the local government structure, often with reformed boundaries.
Registration counties
Registration counties existed from 1851 to 1930 and were used for census reporting from 1851 to 1911.
1889 to 1974
Elected county councils were set up in England in 1889, taking over many of the administrative functions of the Quarter Sessions courts, as well as being given other powers over the years. A County of London was created from parts of Kent, Middlesex and Surrey. The counties were divided into administrative counties (the area controlled by a county council) and independent county boroughs. Some counties were covered by several administrative counties; they were Suffolk, Sussex, Northamptonshire, Hampshire, Cambridgeshire, Yorkshire and Lincolnshire.
1965 saw a minor change as the original County of London became instead the 'administrative area' of Greater London.
Changes in 1974
On 1 April 1974 the Local Government Act 1972 came into force. This abolished the existing local government structure in England and Wales (except in Greater London) and replaced it with a new entirely two-tier system. It abolished the previously existing administrative counties and county boroughs (but not the previous non-administrative 'counties') and created a new set of 46 'counties' in England, 6 of which were metropolitan and 40 of which were non-metropolitan.
Some of the counties established by the Act were entirely new, such as Avon, Cleveland, Cumbria, Hereford and Worcester, and Humberside, along with the new metropolitan counties of Greater Manchester, Merseyside, South Yorkshire, Tyne and Wear, West Midlands, and West Yorkshire. The counties of Cumberland, Herefordshire, Rutland, Westmorland and Worcestershire were abolished and the county boroughs as well.
A further local government reform in the 1990s grouped the counties into regions, created many small unitary authorities with county level status (re-establishing in effect if not in name the old county boroughs), and restored Herefordshire, Rutland and Worcestershire as administrative entities.
There are now 81 county level entities outside Greater London. Of these, 34 are so-called 'shire counties' with both county councils and district councils, and 40 are unitary authorities. Six are metropolitan counties. The remaining one is Berkshire, whose county council has been abolished and its districts have become unitary authorities.
Post-1996 ceremonial counties
Because of the local government reforms in the 1990s, the distinction between the counties used for local government and those used for Lieutenancy, abolished in 1974, was revived, and a new term, 'ceremonial county', coined. Most unitary authorities remained associated with the same county for Lieutenancy, and in a few areas the old ceremonial counties were restored (Bristol, East Riding of Yorkshire, Herefordshire, Rutland, Worcestershire).
These are also known as the geographic counties and are generally used to describe a place's location in England. They are also taken into consideration by the boundary commission when they draw up boundaries for constituencies, for example.
Postal counties
The former postal counties as used by the Post Office are no longer required on addresses. They included most of the 1974 changes, but did not acknowledge Greater Manchester or Greater London as postal counties. They went out of official use in 1996.
Mongols
The name Mongols (Mongolian: Монгол Mongol) explains one or more ethnic groups. A hard definition includes the Mongols proper (self-designation Monggol), which can be split into eastern and western Mongols. In a bigger sense, the Mongol peoples also people who speak a Mongolic language but use other self-designations, such as the Kalmyks of eastern Europe.
The name Monggol has its meaning in the Tungusic languages and usually means "the invincible ones". At first it was applied to a small and still insignificant tribe in the area of the Onon river. In the 13th century it grew into an umbrella term for a large group of tribes united under the rule of Genghis Khan.
The religion of the Mongols
The polytheistic (believing in many gods) Mongols thought that good and evil spirits controlled the world. They also believed in a sky god, who ruled all the spirits. They called him Tengri (TENG gree), which means, "the great god of heaven". The Mongols lived in fear of the spirits and hoped for blessings from them.
Every yurt had small idols made of felt. The wives and daughters of the nobles made these idols at sewing parties. The Mongols believed that these idols protected their families and animals. Before every meal they put food and drink on the idols' lips. They also prayed to them.
Other religions
The later empire of the Mongols had many people with many religions, including Christians. The most important Christian group in the Mongol Empire was the Nestorian Church, sometimes called the Church of the East. These Christians were named for Nestorius, bishop of Constantinople.
Eggenthal
Eggenthal is a municipality in Ostallgäu in Bavaria in Germany. It is in the Allgäu region. There are the districts Bayersried and Eggenthal. There are also the villages of Romatsried and Holzstetten as well as several small hamlets.
Stanley Marcus
Stanley Marcus (April 20, 1905 – January 22, 2002) was the president of the Neiman-Marcus company, a store in the United States that sells expensive clothing and objects. He became famous for inventing many new ways to sell products and new ways to tell people about his store.
Mr. Marcus created an award for people who designed clothing. He also began art shows in his store, to make people want to visit the store to see the art. In 1939, the company started a catalog, which is a book that shows all the products that people can buy from the store. In 1951, the catalog listed unusual gifts for people to buy. Many people started to read the catalog every year to see the unusual gifts.
In the 1940s, at the time of the Second World War, the government of the United States asked Mr. Marcus for help. The government wanted to make sure there would be enough fabric to make clothes for the military, so they asked Mr. Marcus to make rules about clothes for ordinary people. He made rules for companies that made clothes so that popular styles for women and men would not change every year. With these rules, people would not need new clothes so often. Also, he said that men's socks should not use rubber to make elastic to hold the socks in place. This rule made sure the government could use rubber for military products that were needed for the war.
Personal life
Mr. Marcus married Mary "Billie" Cantrell in 1932. When he met her, Billie was working in the Neiman-Marcus store. She continued to work for four years. She retired in 1936 after she gave birth to a baby; they named the baby Jerrie. In 1938, she gave birth to twins, Richard and Wendy.
Mr. Marcus collected art and books. His favorite artists from Mexico were Rufino Tamayo, David Alfaro Siqueiros, Diego Rivera, and Antonio Ruíz. He became friends with Rivera and Tamayo. Mr. Marcus also liked American artists, such as Alexander Calder, who made sculptures, and Georgia O'Keeffe, who was a painter. He gave large amounts of money to a museum that showed O'Keeffe paintings.
Breakthrough infection
For these reasons, vaccines are not 100% effective: The common flu vaccine is estimated to provide immunity to the flu in 58% of those vaccinated. The measles vaccine fails to provide immunity to 2% of children that receive the vaccine. However, if herd immunity exists, it typically prevents individuals who are ineffectively vaccinated from contracting the disease. Accordingly, herd immunity reduces the number of breakthrough infections in a population.
In April 2021, the CDC reported that in the United States there were 5,814 COVID-19 breakthrough infections, and 74 deaths, among the more than 75 million people fully vaccinated for the COVID-19 virus.
Age
As a person grows older, their immune system change. This process is called immunosenescence. They will produce fewer naive T cells, and naive B cells. There is a reduced number of lymphocytes (T and B cells). This means that in older people, there are fewer lymphocytes, and they are also fewer types of different lymphocytes that can respond to the pathogens in a vaccine.
For this reason, many vaccines are less effective in adults over the age of 65. Despite this, the CDC recommend that people of this age group still get the flu vaccine: An influenza infection is particularly dangerous to them and the vaccine can provide at least some immunity to the influenza virus.
Antibody interference
Infants have antibodies from their mother. This limits the efficacy of many vaccines. Maternal antibodies can bind to the proteins produced by the virus in the vaccine. Maternal antibodies can also neutralize the virus. The maternal antibodies help the immune system of the infant, which isn't very active yet: the infant produces fewer antibodies. This means that few memory B cells are produced. The level of memory B-cells is not adequate to ensure an infant's lifelong resistance to the pathogen.
Lifespan of memory B cells
When a person is vaccinated against a disease, the person's immune system is triggered and memory B cells store the specific antibody response. These cells remain in circulation, the pathogen infection is cleared. Cell division is not perfect, so the information about the response slowly disappears. Typically, the cells live for multiple decades. The lifespan and protection also depend on the type and dosage of the vaccine.
Friesenried
Friesenried is a municipality in Ostallgäu in Bavaria in Germany. Friesenried is twinned with the town of North Walsham in Norfolk.
Breakthrough infection
Lifespan of memory B cells
The reason why some memory B cells live longer than others currently unknown. However, it has been proposed that the differences in memory B cell longevity are due to the speed at which a pathogen infects the body and the number and type of cells involved in the immune response to the pathogen in the vaccine.
Virus evolution
When a person is vaccinated, their immune system develops antibodies that recognize specific segments of viruses or viral-induced proteins. Over time, however, viruses accumulate genetic mutations which changes the structure of viral proteins. If these mutations occur in sites that are recognized by antibodies, the mutations block antibody binding, which inhibits the immune response. This phenomenon is called antigenic drift. Breakthrough infections of Hepatitis B and mumps are partially attributed to antigenic drift.
Vaccine quality and administration
Sometimes, the vaccine that is used has a poor quality. Examples may be vaccines stored at the wrong temperature, or vaccines used after the expiration date. Similarly, the correct vaccine dosage is essential. Vaccine dosage is dependent on factors including a patient's age and weight. Patients that receive a lower dose than recommended of a vaccine do not have an adequate immune response to the vaccine to ensure immunity.
In order for a vaccine to be effective, a person must respond to the pathogens in a vaccine through the adaptive branch of the immune system and that response must be stored in an individual's immunological memory. It is possible for an individual to neutralize and clear a pathogen through the humoral response without activating the adaptive immune response. Vaccines with weaker or fewer strains of a pathogen may primarily cause the humoral response: As a consequence, they fail to ensure future immunity.
Feudalism
Feudalism was a social and political system. It existed in Europe during the Middle Ages, between the 9th and 15th centuries. Under feudalism, the king owned all of the land in his kingdom. However, the king would give gifts of land (called fiefs) to the lords or nobles and they would enter into an agreement with a vassal. Vassals would allow peasants called serfs to live on parts of their land. Vassals would also protect serfs from violence. In return, a serf had to pay taxes and work without pay in the vassal’s fields.