cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Haut-Lomami
History
From 1966 to 2015, Haut-Lomami was administered as a district as part of the Katanga Province.
Attic conversion
Attic conversion or loft conversion is the process of turning an unfinished attic into a habitable storey. Such a project is usually undertaken to add more bedrooms to a dwelling.
Alice Sadoux
Alice Sadoux also known under the name Alice Vieyra (20 May 1890 - 26 December 1969) was a French competitive swimmer in the 1900s. She was a member of Ondine de Paris.
Career
On 15 August 1906 the first ever women's swimming competition took place in France, named the "le prix Femina" (Femina prize) in Joinville-le-Pont. Sadoux won this 120 metre race in a time of 3:25.4. The next year on 1 June 1907 she won two races at the Gare swimming pool, including the 60 metre event. The next day she won the 100 metres event at the "Fête du Devoir" in Rouen in a time of 1:27. Later the same month (23 June) she won the 60 metre event at the CSC meeting.
On 28 July 1907 she participated in the international 200 metre event and the international 60 metre handicap event in Joinville-le-Pont. At this event also some national events were held and she won the national 100 metre event in 1:56. On 1 September 1907 she finished second in the 100 metre race in Chelles. In September 1907, she was hired by the famous swimming teacher Newmann to compete in a Franco-English match against the British Frances Footman at an aquatics gala organized by Hanover House on 19 October in Westminster Baths in London.
Her last main achievements were in 1908, finishing second in the CSC meeting on 28 June and finishing third while bin sick in the Joinville-le-Pont meeting in August.
Personal life
Sadoux was born in 1890 as a daughter of Jean-Baptiste Sadoux, a canoe builder from Joinville-le-Pont. She was a sister of two rowers: Albert Sadoux, French rowing champion in 1890 and Pierre Sadoux. She was the aunt of Yvette Sadoux (1900-1949) a rower of club Femina. She was holder of 26 French and Paris rowing champion titles and had five major international victories.
Mark Twain National Forest
Some unique features of the Mark Twain include Greer Spring. It is the largest spring on National Forest land. It is part of the Eleven Point National Scenic River. The spring pumps an average of 214 million gallons of water per day into the river. The public can also visit the Glade Top Trail National Scenic Byway, which offers views of over 30 mi to the Boston Mountains in Arkansas. Part of the Ozark Trail system winds through the National Forest.
History
The Mark Twain National Forest was created on February 17, 1976. The present day MTNF was once two different national forests, the "Clark National Forest" and the "Mark Twain National Forest". Both were proclaimed on September 11, 1939. In June 1973 the Clark and Mark Twain NF were brought under one headquarters. This was in Rolla and became known as the "National forests in Missouri". On Feb. 17, 1976, the forests were combined and renamed the Mark Twain National Forest.
Al Mahmud
Mir Abdus Shukur Al Mahmud (known as Al Mahmud; 11 July 1936 – 15 February 2019) was a Bangladeshi poet, novelist, and short-story writer. He was thought of as one of the greatest Bengali poets of the 20th century.
Mark Twain National Forest
Features
The Mark Twain is Missouri’s only national forest. It includes roughly 1.5 million acres, mostly within the Ozark Highlands. Located across southern Missouri and northern Arkansas, the Ozark Highlands are an ancient landscape. They have large permanent springs. The area has over 5,000 caves. It is made up of old volcanic mountains with many nationally recognized streams. Parts of the Ozarks were never under oceans or glaciers. There are over 750 miles of hiking trails. About 200 miles out of a planned 500 mile Ozark trail have been completed. When finished it will connect St. Louis to the border of Arkansas. There it will connect with the Ozark Highlands Trail in northwest Arkansas. When completed the trail will be over 1,000 miles long. It will run from St. Louis, Missouri to Lake Fort Smith State Park, near Fort Smith, Arkansas.
Al Mahmud
His work in Bengali poetry was known for his regional dialects.
Léa Seydoux
Léa Hélène Seydoux-Fornier de Clausonne (born 1 July 1985) is a French actress. In 2013, she won the Palme d'Or prize at the Cannes Film Festival for the movie Blue Is the Warmest Colour. She is also known for her role as Bond girl Madeleine Swann in Spectre (2015), and reprise the role in No Time to Die (2021).
Mark Twain National Forest
Counties
Although it is far from being the largest National Forest in acreage, Mark Twain National Forest is located in more counties than any other. As of September 30, 2007, its 1,490,862 acres (2,329.47 sq mi, or 6,033.3 km²) were spread over parts of 29 counties in southern and central Missouri.
Für Danzig
Für Danzig ("For Danzig") was the anthem of the Free City of Danzig (which is now the city of Gdańsk in Poland) when it existed from 1920 to 1939. The lyrics author is Paul Enderling and the music composer is Georg Göhler.
Animal Rights Militia
The Animal Rights Militia (ARM) is an animal rights group. The ARM does not have a leader. It is inspired by the Animal Liberation Front (ALF) which also does not have a leader. An ARM group may be just one person. Members of the ARM think violence is justified. Members of the ALF do not think this is true.
Stavropol
Stavropol (Ставрополь) is a city and the administrative centre of Stavropol Krai, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 398,539.
COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia
The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Malaysia in January 2020, when it was detected on travelers from China arriving through Singapore on 25 January, following the outbreak of COVID-19 in Hubei, China.
Stavropol
It was known as Voroshilovsk until January 12, 1943.
COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia
Reported cases remained low until small groups began to emerge in March; the largest group was linked to a Tablighi Jamaat religious gathering held in Sri Petaling, Kuala Lumpur in late February and early March, leading to massive spikes in local cases and an exportation of cases to neighbouring countries.
Stavropol
History
Stavropol was founded on October 22, 1777 and given city status in 1785. It was a military camp in the Russo-Turkish War of 1768-1774. The city was mostly settled by Don Cossacks with the goal of defending against invaders.
COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia
Within a few weeks, Malaysia had recorded the largest number of confirmed COVID-19 infections in Southeast Asia, passing over the 2,000 mark in active cases by the end of March from fewer than 30 at the start of the month.
Stavropol
History
The city changed owners many times in the Russian Civil War. It was finally captured by the Red Army from the Volunteer Army of general Anton Denikin on February 29, 1920. The city was renamed Voroshilovsk on May 5, 1935, after Kliment Voroshilov. The original name was restored in 1943. The city was used as a German airport for its Luftwaffe in World War 2 while they occupied it. Stavropol was liberated by the Soviets in January of 1943.
Natural gas has been extracted near the city since 1946 and piped to Moscow.
COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia
Measures to combat the outbreak were later announced by the Prime Minister of Malaysia Muhyiddin Yassin through a live nationwide telecast on 13 March 2020; by 16 March, a nationwide "Movement Control Order" (MCO) through social distancing, was announced to last between 18 and 31 March.
The Forty-First (1927 movie)
The Forty-First (Сорок первый) is a 1927 Soviet war movie directed by Yakov Protazanov. It stars Ada Vojtsik, Ivan Koval-Samborsky, and Ivan Straukh.
Stavropol
Economy
The economy of Stavropol mainly focuses on the making of cars, furniture, and construction equipment. It has a major airport, Shpakovskoye airport, as well as railway and highway connections to other Russian cities.
Southampton County, Virginia
Southampton County is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2010 census, 18,570 people lived there. Its county seat is Courtland.
COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia
As of 14 July 2021, the country reports a total of 867,567 confirmed cases, 101,359 active cases, 759,705 recoveries and 6,503 deaths.
Nokia 5800 XpressMusic
Nokia 5800 XpressMusic is a part of a smartphone series developed for the Nokia Corporation 's introduction for Time Get Stop, announced on December 5, 2007. It was released on January 9, 2008. Nokia 5800 has some similar features to Nokia 5700.
Nokia 5800 XpressMusic has some new features for a mobile smartphone, like a new Menu screen and pubilc product for Nokia 230 and Nokia 530, from like Nokia 105.
Announcement
On December 4, 2007, Nokia announced the Nokia 5800 XpressMusic for the beginning of sales from December 7, 2007, to December 18, 2007. Twenty-seven days after it was announced, on December 31, 2007, Nokia 5800 XpressMusic has been scheduled for release on January 9, 2008.
On February 4, 2008, the Nokia 5800 has reached the news performance Time Get Stop in New York City. But, unfortunately, Nokia Connecting People have forgotten it. On February 8, 2008, Nokia 5800 XpressMusic was discontinued in India and Turkey.
Camera
The camera for Nokia 5800 has been marked for design news, from two places for the camera in Nokia 5800 XpressMusic and more; the camera has shot by Nokia 5800 backside. Moreover, Nokia 5800 camera has places from Menu Screen, in the next of Messenger, and more apps.
Pen and Display
The Nokia 5800 pen was similar to the Nokia Tablet Congress in 2006; the Nokia 5800 Pen has public in next side for display, Nokia 5800 and reaches in Pen for public writing pens.
Display
Nokia 5800 Display has the size of 809m and 908m. Moreover, Nokia 5800 has swipes from touch screen and pen, in developed for Nokia Tablet Congress.
Dual SIM and memory
The Dual SIM card on Nokia 5800 XpressMusic has been reached from Viettel, Vinaphone, and Mobifone, a discontinued Vodafone; Nokia 5800 has two Dual SIM slots on the left and right sides. A memory card is also inside for Nokia 5800 back side, next to the camera from Nokia 5800 memory.
Menu and screen snap
Nokia 5800 has news features is screen snap, has patterns like Microsoft Windows. Nokia 5800 has reached in screen snap taken for a photo during Gallery. In Menu screen has reach from mobile games in Applications, Menu screen has news games for Download app and Gallery app and Note app.
More new features
The features can begin from Profiles. In Nokia 5800 XpressMusic has reached in the news Time Stop Going from music video can reach in Nokia 5800 XpressMusic.
Critical reception
Nokia 5800 XpressMusic has released for the market in three places, New Jersey and California, on January 7, 2009. Nokia 5800 has public released by news series smartphone. On January 8, 2009, Nokia 5800 has reach performance Time Get Up for XpressMusic at Moscone Center, few like for a News Update for Nokia 5800 XpressMusic, from the Nokia 5800 XpressMusic has reached in Mobile World Congress this trailer We're never gonna be from XpressMusic nows has reached from Nokia Corporation on January 16 and January 17, 2009.
Al Mahmud
In the 1950s he was among those Bengali poets who were outspoken in their writing on such subjects as the events of the Bengali Language Movement, nationalism, political and economical repression, and the struggle against the West Pakistani government.
Anshan
Anshan is an inland prefecture-level city in central-southeast Liaoning province, People's Republic of China. It is located about 92 kilometres (57 miles) south of the provincial capital of Shenyang. As of the 2020 census, it was Liaoning's third most populous city with a population of 3,325,372 people. It has an area of about 9,270 km2 spanning 133 km from east to the west.
Al Mahmud
Mahmud died of pneumonia in Dhaka on 15 February 2019 at the age of 82.
Anshan
The city's name came from the horse saddle-like shape of a nearby mountain south of the city. Anshan is home to the Anshan Iron and Steel Group, one of the largest steel makers in China. Anshan holds one-third of the world's supply of talcum and a quarter of the world's reserves of magnesite. Anshan also produced the largest ever jade stone, now a local tourist attraction carved as a Buddha statue.
Stavropol
Demographics
Stavropol's 2021 population is now estimated at 453,387. In 1950, the population of Stavropol was 108,353. Stavropol has grown by 3,293 since 2015, which is a 0.73% annual change.
Climate
Stavropol has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfa). It has short but cold winters and hot summers.
Notable people
Well-known Russians who have visited or lived in Stavropol include: Generals Alexander Suvorov (1730–1800), Alexey Yermolov (1777–1861), and Nikolay Raevsky (1771—1829); the poets Alexander Pushkin (1799–1837) and Mikhail Lermontov (1814–1841), who were in political disfavor, the surgeon Nikolay Pirogov (1810—1881), Alexander Griboyedov (1795–1829), Leo Tolstoy (1828–1910), and the national poet of Ossetia, Kosta Khetagurov.
The first and only executive president of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev (1931-2022), was born in Stavropol Krai and spent many years working in the city of Stavropol as the leader of the krai. Gorbachev's chief mentor, long-time friend, and the previous leader of the Soviet Union Yuri Andropov (1914–1984) was also born in Stavropol Krai.
Actor Lev Gorn (born 1971) star of The Americans was born in Stavropol.
Twin towns – sister cities
Stavropol is twinned with:
References
<references group="" responsive="1">
Cristiano Ronaldo International Airport
Cristiano Ronaldo International Airport, Madeira, also known as Madeira Airport (Aeroporto da Madeira) or Funchal Airport (Aeroporto do Funchal), is an international airport located near Funchal, Madeira. The airport is named after football player Cristiano Ronaldo.
Western hemisphere
The western hemisphere is a geographical term for the half of the Earth that is west of the Prime Meridian. Pretend that the earth is cut in half, from the North Pole, through England, to the South Pole. The Western Hemisphere is the half to the west. The other half is called the Eastern Hemisphere.
Shenandoah County, Virginia
Shenandoah County is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2010 census, 41,993 people lived there. Its county seat is Woodstock.
Human evolution
Human evolution is about the origin of human beings. All humans belong to the same species, Homo sapiens, which appeared first in Africa but has spread to almost all parts of the world. Fossils found in Africa prove that humans first appeared there.
The word 'human' in this context means the genus Homo. However, studies of human evolution usually include other hominids, such as the Australopithecines. This group diverged (split) from the genus Homo in Africa by about 2.3 to 2.4 million years ago. The first Homo sapiens, the ancestors of today's humans, evolved around 200,000 years ago.
People have known for centuries that man and the apes are related. Clearly, even though they look different, their anatomy is similar. For this reason, during the 18th century, Buffon and Linnaeus put men and apes together in a single family. In the 19th century, Charles Darwin suggested that animals have very similar anatomies when they share a common ancestor. In fact, humans and apes are close relatives. Both are primates: the order of mammals which includes monkeys, apes, lemurs and tarsiers.
The great apes live in tropical rainforests. It is thought that human evolution started when a group of apes (now called the australopithecines) began to live more in the savannah. A savannah is more open, with trees, shrubs and grass. This group started walking on two legs. They began to use their hands to carry things. Life in the open was different, and there was a big advantage in having better brains. Their brains grew larger, and they began to make simple tools. This process began at least 5 million years ago. We have fossils of two or three different groups of walking apes, and one was the ancestor of humans.
The biological name for "human" or "man" is Homo. The modern human species is called Homo sapiens. "Sapiens" means "thought". Homo sapiens means "the thinking man".
Paleoanthropology looks at ancient human fossils, tools, and other signs of early human life. It began in the 19th century with the discovery of a skull of "Neanderthal man" in 1856.
Humans are similar to great apes
By 1859, zoologists had known for a long time that humans are, in their anatomy, similar to the great apes. There are also differences: humans can speak, for example. But the similarities are more basic than the differences. Humans also have features with a much older history, from early in the life of vertebrates.
The idea that species are caused by evolution had been proposed before Darwin, but his book gave much evidence, and many were persuaded by it. The book was On the Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection, published in November 1859. In this book, Darwin wrote about the idea of evolution in general, rather than the evolution of humans. Light will be thrown on the origin of man and his history, was all Darwin wrote on the subject. Nevertheless, the implication of the theory was clear to readers at the time.
Several people discussed the evolution of humans. Among them were Thomas Huxley and Charles Lyell. Huxley convincingly showed many of the similarities and differences between humans and apes in his 1863 book Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature. When Darwin published his own book on the subject, The Descent of Man, and selection in relation to sex, the idea of human evolution was already well-known. The theory was controversial. Even some of Darwin's supporters (such as Alfred Russel Wallace and Charles Lyell) did not like the idea that human beings have evolved their impressive mental capacities and moral sensibilities through natural selection.
Since the 18th century, scientists thought the great apes to be closely related to human beings. In the 19th century, they speculated that the closest living relatives of humans were either chimpanzees or gorillas. Both live in central Africa in tropical rainforests. In fact, chimpanzees are closest to us. Biologists believed that humans share a common ancestor with other African great apes and that fossils of these ancestors would be found in Africa, which they have been. It is now accepted by virtually all biologists that humans are not only similar to the great apes, but actually are great apes.
The issue was confirmed by late 20th century studies on the sequences of proteins and genes in apes and man. These studies showed that man shares about 95 to 98% of these structures with chimpanzees. This is a much closer relationship than with any other type of animal, and fully supports the ideas put forward in the 19th century by Darwin and Huxley.
Distinguishing features
Primates have diversified in habitats such as trees and bushes. They have many features which are adaptations to their environment. Here are some of those traits:
Not all primates have these anatomical traits, nor is every trait unique to primates. Primates are frequently highly social, live in groups with 'flexible dominance hierarchies'.
Other similarities
Closely related animals almost always have closely related parasites. This usually comes about because parasites evolve with their hosts, and when host populations split, their parasites split also. It is also possible for parasites to get from one species to another. Two of the most serious parasitic infections of humans in Africa come from apes. Each may have been transferred to humans by a single cross-species event.
There are several species of mosquito, and several species of the malarial parasite Plasmodium. The most serious type, P. falciparum, which kills many millions of people each year, originated in gorillas. It is now virtually certain that chimpanzees are the source of HIV-1, the major cause of AIDS. This information is got by the sequence analysis of ape and human viruses.
The relevance of this to evolution is that our physiology is so close to the apes that their parasites were able to transfer to humans with great success. Humans have much less resistance to these parasites, which are ancient in origin, but comparatively new to our species.
Immediate ancestors of the genus Homo
It was not until the 1920s that hominid fossils were discovered in Africa. In 1924, Raymond Dart described Australopithecus africanus. The specimen was called the Taung Child, an australopithecine infant discovered in a cave deposit being mined for concrete at Taung, South Africa. The remains were a remarkably well-preserved tiny skull and a cast of the inside of the individual's skull. Although the brain was small (410 cm³), its shape was rounded, unlike that of chimpanzees and gorillas, and more like a modern human brain. Also, the specimen had short canine teeth, and the position of the foramen magnum was evidence of bipedal locomotion. All of these traits convinced Dart that the Taung baby was a bipedal human ancestor, a transitional form between apes and humans.
It took another 20 years before Dart's claims were taken seriously. This was after other similar skeletons had been found. The most common view of the time was that a large brain evolved before bipedality, the ability to walk on two feet more or less upright. It was thought that intelligence similar to that of modern humans was necessary for bipedalism. This turned out to be wrong: bipedality came first.
In the 1930s, when the robust specimens were first described, the Paranthropus genus was used. During the 1960s, the robust variety was moved into Australopithecus. The recent trend has been back to the original classification as a separate genus.
The genus Homo
It was Carolus Linnaeus who chose the name Homo. Today, there is only one species in the genus: Homo sapiens. There were other species, but they became extinct.
The figure shows where some of them lived and at what time. Some of the other species might have been ancestors of H. sapiens. Many were likely our "cousins", they developed away from our ancestral line.
Anthropologists are still investigating the exact line of descent. A consensus on which should count as separate species and which as subspecies has not been reached yet. In some cases this is because there are very few fossils, in other cases it is due to the slight differences used to classify species in the Homo genus.
The evolution of the genus Homo took place mostly in the Pleistocene. The whole genus is characterised by its use of stone tools, initially crude, and becoming ever more sophisticated. So much so that in archaeology and anthropology the Pleistocene is usually referred to as the Palaeolithic, or the Stone Age.
Homo habilis
Homo habilils was likely the first species of Homo. It developed from the Australopithecus, about 2.5 million years ago. It lived until about 1.4 million years ago. It had smaller molars (back teeth) and larger brains than the Australopithecines.
Towards Homo erectus
There are two proposed species that lived from 1.9 to 1.6 million years ago. Their relation has not been clarified. One of them is called Homo rudolfensis. It is known from a single incomplete skull from Kenya. Scientists have suggested that this was just another habilis, but this has not been confirmed. The other is currently called Homo georgicus. It is from Georgia and may be an intermediate form between H. habilis and H. erectus, or a sub-species of H. erectus.
Homo ergaster and Homo erectus
Homo erectus was first discovered on the island of Java in Indonesia, in 1891. The discoverer, Eugene Dubois originally called it Pithecanthropus erectus based on its morphology that he considered to be intermediate between that of humans and apes. Homo erectus lived from about 1.8 million to 70,000 years ago. The earlier specimens (from 1.8 to 1.2 million years ago) are sometimes seen as a different species, or a subspecies. called Homo ergaster, or Homo erectus ergaster.
In the early Pleistocene, 1.5–1 mya, in Africa, Asia, and Europe, presumably, some populations of Homo habilis evolved larger brains and made more elaborate stone tools; these differences and others are sufficient for anthropologists to classify them as a new species, H. erectus. In addition H. erectus was the first human ancestor to walk truly upright. This was made possible by the evolution of locking knees and a different location of the foramen magnum (the hole in the skull where the spine enters). They may have used fire to cook their meat.
Neanderthal man
Homo neaderthalensis (usually called Neanderthal man) lived from about 250,000 to about 30,000 years ago. Also, less usual, as Homo sapiens neanderthalensis: there is still some discussion if it was a separate species Homo neanderthalensis, or a subspecies of H. sapiens. While the debate remains unsettled, evidence from mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosomal DNA sequencing indicates that little or no gene flow occurred between H. neanderthalensis and H. sapiens, and, therefore, the two were separate species. In 1997, Dr. Mark Stoneking, then an associate professor of anthropology at Pennsylvania State University, stated: More investigation of a second source of Neanderthal DNA supported these findings.
Denisovan man
A genetic analysis of a piece of finger bone found in Siberia has produced a surprise result. It dates to about 40,000 years ago, at a time when Neanderthals and modern man were living in the area. German researchers found its mitochondrial DNA did not match either that of our species or that of Neanderthals. If this result is correct, the bone belongs to a previously unknown species. The degree of difference in the DNA suggests this species split off from our family tree about a million years ago, well before the split between our species and Neanderthals.
Homo floresiensis
Homo floresiensis, which lived about 100,000–12,000 years ago has been nicknamed hobbit for its small size. Its size may be a result of island dwarfism, the tendency for large mammals to evolve smaller forms on islands. H. floresiensis is intriguing both for its size and its age. It is a concrete example of a recent species of the genus Homo that shows derived traits not shared with modern humans. In other words, H. floresiensis share a common ancestor with modern humans, but split from the modern human lineage and followed a different evolutionary path. The main find was a skeleton believed to be a woman of about 30 years of age. Found in 2003 it has been dated to approximately 18,000 years old. The living woman was estimated to be one meter in height, with a brain volume of just 380 cm3 This is small for a chimpanzee and less than a third of the H. sapiens average of 1400 cm3.
There is an ongoing debate over whether H. floresiensis is indeed a separate species. Some scientists believe that H. floresiensis was a modern H. sapiens suffering from pathological dwarfism. Modern humans who live on Flores, the island where the skeleton was found, are pygmies. This fact is consistent with either theory. One line of attack on H. floresiensis is that it was found with tools only associated with H. sapiens.
Stone artifacts have been found on Flores which can be dated to a million years ago. These artifacts are proxies; which means there were no skeletons of humans, but only a species of Homo could have made them. The artifacts are flakes and other implements, 48 in all, some of which show signs of being worked to produce a cutting edge. This means that humans were present on Flores by that date, but it does not tell us which species that was.
Homo sapiens
Homo sapiens has lived from about 300,000 years ago to the present. Between 400,000 years ago and the second warm period in the Middle Pleistocene, about 250,000 years ago, the human skull grew more like its present shape. Our species developed more sophisticated technologies based on stone tools. One possibility is that a transition between H. erectus to H. sapiens occurred. The evidence of Java Man suggests there was an initial migration of H. erectus out of Africa. Then, much later, a further development of H. sapiens from H. erectus in Africa. Then a subsequent migration within and out of Africa eventually replaced the earlier H. erectus.
Out of Africa
Studies of the human genome, especially the Y-chromosome DNA and mitochondrial DNA, support a relatively recent African origin. Evidence from DNA also supports the recent African origin. The details of this great saga are not fully established yet, but by about 90,000 years ago modern humans had moved into Eurasia and the Middle East. This was the area where Neanderthals, Homo neanderthalensis, had been living for a long time (at least 500,000 years in western Europe).
By about 42 to 44,000 years ago Homo sapiens had reached western Europe, including Britain. In Europe and western Asia, Homo sapiens replaced the Neanderthals by about 35,000 years ago. The details of how this happened are not known.
At roughly the same time Homo sapiens arrived in Australia. Their arrival in the Americas was much later, about 15,000 years ago. All these earlier groups of modern man were hunter-gatherers.
Research has shown that human beings are genetically rather similar. The DNA of individuals is more alike than usual in most species. This may have resulted from their relatively recent evolution or from the Toba catastrophe. Skin colour is an adaptation to differing climates. These traits are a very small component of the Homo sapiens genome and include such outward characteristics as skin color and nose shape, and internal characteristics such as the ability to breathe more efficiently at high altitudes.
H. sapiens idaltu, from Ethiopia, about 160,000 years ago, is a proposed subspecies. It is the oldest known anatomically modern human.
Species list
This list is in chronological order by genus.
Power Rangers
It was owned by Saban Entertainment from 1993 until The Walt Disney Company bought the franchise in September 2001. Disney sold the franchise back to Saban in May 2010. In May 2018, Saban sold the franchise to Hasbro.
Plot
A group of young people gain super powers to protect citizens and fight evil. Throughout the series, the Power Rangers learn the importance of teamwork and perseverance as they battle progressively harder-to-defeat villains. The rangers have a mentor, teaching figure to help lead, and mechanical machines known as Zords to help fight the villains.
Video games
Aditionally, the 2015 indie tactical RPG Chroma Squad is inspired by Power Rangers.
Christmas elf
A Christmas elf is a diminutive elf that lives with Santa Claus at the North Pole and serves as his helper. Christmas elves are often said to wear green or red clad with large, pointy ears and pointy hats. Santa's elves are known to make the toys in Santa's workshop and take care of his reindeer, among other tasks.
The elves are generally said to live for hundreds, or even thousands, of years, despite the fact that in some cases they appear eternally youthful as children.
Andrej Kiska
Andrej Kiska (born 2 February 1963) is a Slovak philanthropist, entrepreneur and politician. He became the President of Slovakia following 2014 Slovak presidential election. He ran as independent. He was appointed to the office on 15 June, 2014.
Caleb McLaughlin
Caleb Reginald McLaughlin (born October 13, 2001) is an American actor. He is best known for starring as Lucas Sinclair in the Netflix series Stranger Things. He appeared as "Young Simba" in the Broadway musical The Lion King, between 2012 and 2014.
McLaughlin was born in Carmel, New York. He is the son of April and Corey McLaughlin.
Netbook
Netbook, the word made by Intel company in February 2008, means smaller version of a regular laptop. Netbooks are known for being small and easy to move around. It is a kind of computer that does basic jobs like web surfing and word processing. Netbook device is normally built for CPU that uses lower power, like the Intel Atom. Now there are many netbooks such as hp-mini and Asus Eee PC. More than 50 million netbooks will be released by 2011.
History
The concept of netbook is originated from subnotebooks. The word Netbook was introduced by Psion in 1999 and introduced again by Intel in 2008.
In 2007, Asus present the ASUS Eee PC range running a Linux on a 7 inch color screen. Soon after their appearance, netbooks grew in size and features, and converged with smaller laptops and subnotebooks. The Eee PC has been a top seller on Amazon.com and is often sold out in stores. The Eee's success is attributed to the relatively low-price (around $350/£230/€300) compared with standard-sized laptops. (above $1000 at that time)
In middle of February 2008, Everex released its VIA chipset based on CloudBook, running gOS. Unlike its rival, the Eee PC, the CloudBook uses a hard-disk.
In the Air Tonite
"In the Air Tonite" is a 2001 song by Lil' Kim featuring Phil Collins. It is a reworking of the 1981 song In the Air Tonight by Phil Collins. It was taken from the 2001 album Urban Revival. It went to number 26 in the United Kingdom, number 18 in Canada, number 91 in Australia, number 8 in Austria, number 3 in Germany and number 45 in Scotland.
Netbook
History
In June 2008, MSI launched the MSI Wind PC, with features such as Bluetooth and a 10" LED, backlit, 1024x600 screen. This new laptop is the first built with Intel Atom low power technology and competes with the HP 2133 Mini-Note PC which has a 8.9" screen.
In the Air Tonite
Track listings
UK CD single
German CD single
Clionoidea
Clionoidea is a group of molluscs. Clionoidea is a superfamily within the subclass Heterobranchia of the class Gastropoda.
Sovereign state
A sovereign state is a country with borders where people live, and where a government makes laws and talks to other sovereign states. The people have to follow the laws that the government makes. Most sovereign states are made up of a singular country and nation. However, some states such as the United Kingdom are made up of multiple countries.
Most sovereign states are recognized which means other sovereign states agree that it is really a sovereign state. Being recognized makes it easier for a sovereign state to talk to and make agreements (treaties) with other sovereign states. There are hundreds of recognized sovereign states today - see List of sovereign states.
Definition
There is no rule to say what exactly makes a state. Usually, the things a state must have are mainly political, not legal. The Czechs and the Poles were seen as separate states during World War I, even though they did not exist as states yet. L.C. Green explained this by saying that "recognition of statehood is a matter of discretion, it is open to any existing state to accept as a state any entity it wishes, regardless of the existence of territory or an established government."
This means that it is up to any state that already exists to treat any other group as a state. This recognition can be direct or implied. When a state does this, it usually means that the group will also be treated as a state for things that happened in the past. Sometimes it means that the state wants diplomatic relations with the other group, but not always.
Sovereignty
Sovereignty is a word that is often used wrongly. Lassa Oppenheim said that there is no idea whose meaning is more controversial than sovereignty. No one argues the fact that from the time the idea of sovereignty was first used in political science until now, there has never been one meaning that everyone agreed on. Justice Evatt of the High Court of Australia says that "sovereignty is neither a question of fact, nor a question of law, but a question that does not arise at all."
Although the word sovereignty often includes all types of government, ancient and modern, the modern state has some links to the type of government first seen in the 15th century, when the term "state" also first meant what it does today. Because of this, the word is often used to refer only to modern political systems.
Similar words
We often use the words "country", "nation", and "state" as if they mean the same thing; but there is actually a difference:
Because the meaning of the words has changed over time and past writers often used the word "state" in a different ways it is difficult to say exactly what a state is. Mikhail Bakunin used the word simply to mean a governing organization. Other writers used the word "state" to mean any law-making or law enforcement agency. Karl Marx said that the state was what was used by the ruling class of a country to control the rule. According to Max Weber, the state is an organization who are the only people allowed to use violence in a particular area.
Development
This constitutive theory was developed in the 19th century to describe what is and is not a state. With this theory, the need to follow international law depends on whether other sovereign governments recognize the group. Because of this, new states could not become part of the international community or be bound by international law immediately, so recognized nations did not have to respect international law in their dealings with them.
Disputes
In 1912, an expert had the following to say on constitutive theory: "International Law does not say that a State is not in existence as long as it isn't recognised, but it takes no notice of it before its recognition. Through recognition only and exclusively a State becomes an International Person and a subject of International Law".
One of the major issues is the confusion that happens when some states recognize a new group, but other states do not. Hersch Lauterpacht, one of the main people who supported the theory, suggested that it is a state's job to grant recognition as a possible solution. However, a state may use any set of rules when judging if they should give recognition.
Declarative theory of statehood
One of the criteria most commonly used by micronations is the Montevideo Convention. The Montevideo Convention was signed on December 26 1933 by the United States, Honduras, El Salvador, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Argentina, Venezuela, Uruguay, Paraguay, Mexico, Panama, Bolivia, Guatemala, Brazil, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Colombia, Chile, Peru and Cuba but it never received international consensus. The Montevideo Convention has four conditions that a group "should" meet to become a state:
According to this, the existence of a state does not depend upon recognition by other states. Whether or not an group meets the conditions is decided by other states when they decide if they are going to treat that group as a state. Usually, new states are formally recognized by at least a few other states.
De facto and de jure states
Most sovereign states are states de jure and de facto. This means they exist both in law and in real life. However, sometimes states are only de jure states. This means that other states see a group as the true government of a place where they have no actual control. Many European states had governments-in-exile during the Second World War which still had relations with the Allies, even though their countries were under Nazi occupation. An example today is the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, which is a United Nations observer, has bi-lateral diplomatic relations with 104 states. It has no land of its own, only embassies and consulates. Other states may have sovereignty over a place, but are not recognized by other states, these are de facto states only. Many people agree that Somaliland is such a state.
References
Suverenitet
Four pests campaign
The Four Pests Campaign was one of the campaigns of China, against four pests: namely rats, flies, mosquitoes and sparrows. It was part of a campaign called the Great Leap Forward, which wanted to boost Chinese economy, in the mid-20th century. The campaign started in 1958.
The extermination of sparrows is also known as Smash Sparrows Campaign or Eliminate Sparrows Campaign. It caused severe ecological imbalance; it was one of the causes of the Great Chinese Famine.
Mao had been told that sparrows ate grain (amongst other things), which was true. But they also ate locusts. And locusts ate nothing but grain. The cause of the famine which followed was that, without sparrows, locusts multiplied hugely and ate so much grain that a great famine followed in China.
In 1960. Mao Zedong ended the campaign against sparrows and redirected the fourth focus to bed bugs. Only after Mao died, in 1976, did the official Chinese press agency announce that sparrows were more useful than harmful. The government took measures to increase the sparrow population in the province of Shandong.
Irene Fernandez
Irene Fernandez (1 June 1946 – 31 March 2014) was a Malaysian human rights activist. She was a PKR supreme council member. She was the director and co-founder of the non-governmental organization Tenaganita. She helped the rights of migrant workers and other oppressed and poor people in Malaysia. She was arrested in 1996 and charged with 'maliciously publishing false news'.
She died on 31 March 2014 of heart failure.
Oomph!
Oomph! is a German rock band from Wolfsburg that was made in 1989. The band started the Neue Deutsche Härte style (a style of rock music). Their works have lyrics in German and English, but use mostly German on their recent albums. (Some of their songs, such as: GlaubeLiebeTod, Monster, Des Wahnsinns fette Beute, XXV and Ritual is in German only).
Early years (1989-2002)
Oomph! used many styles of music such as metal, industrial, alternative rock, electronica, and gothic metal to make their sound. Their style has changed between their self-titled debut album, Oomph! (1992), and the album after it called Sperm (1994). Although they started with a very dance-heavy industrial sound, they quickly moved to a much heavier guitar-driven metal sound. However, they still recognize their electronic roots. This guitar-driven and electronic accompanied sound inspired many musicians, most famously Rammstein, Megaherz, and Eisbrecher.
Oomph! was signed on Virgin Schallplatten between 1998 and 2001. They released three albums; the first, Unrein, was released in 1998. This became their debut album on the German Media Control Charts, peaking at No. 37, and the Austrian top 40 at No. 38. A single called "Gekreuzigt" was released in 1998 to promote Unrein and became the band's debut single on the German charts, peaking at No. 81.
The second Virgin Schallplatten album, Plastik, was released in 1999 and peaked in Germany at No. 23. The third, Ego, was released in 2001, going as high as No. 21 on the Media Control Charts. They finished their contract with Virgin Schallplatten, as the band felt that they never fully explored their potential. They did not continue with the record company. With the benefits of major-label status, Oomph! gained more fans and toured with labelmate Skunk Anansie in 1999. They later opened for Finnish rock band HIM in the fall of 2001.
Monpazier
Monpazier is a city in France. It is in the Dordogne departement, in Aquitaine. In 1999, 516 people lived there. It has been named one of the most beautiful villages in France by the association Les Plus Beaux Villages de France. It was built as a bastide. For some time, Eleanor of Aquitaine and Richard III lived there.
Oomph!
Early years (1989-2002)
In 2002, Oomph! played at the Ozzfest in Germany. They played with the Black Label Society, Tool, and Ozzy Osbourne on 20 May. The band appeared at the With Full Force Festival on 5 July 2002. On 19 December 2002, Oomph! opened for Apoptygma Berzerk.
Monpazier
The city was founded by Edward I of England in 1284. It is of rectangular design, built around a main square.
The city is about half-way between Bergerac and Sarlat-la-Canéda. Each city is about 45 km away. The River Dropt runs through the city.
COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates
The first confirmed case relating to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates was never announced. It was the first country in the Middle East to not report a confirmed case. The first patient, a 73-year-old Chinese woman, was released on 9 February after recovering.
The first two deaths were confirmed on 20 March. Two days later, Dubai started an 11-day quarantine campaign as an effort to contain the coronavirus.
Night curfew was added 4 days later while the country began disinfection. School closure was first announced on March 8 for 4 weeks. 3 weeks later, it was announced that school would be closed until the end of the academic year.
Ossingen
Ossingen is a municipality of the district of Andelfingen in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.
St. Bees School
St. Bees School is a boarding school for boys and girls aged 4-18 in St. Bees, a West Cumbrian village. It was started in 1583 by the then Archbishop of Canterbury, Edmund Grindal as a boys' "free grammar school". The term 'free' did not mean that the school didn't charge the students, but that the school wasn't ruled by the Church. In 1976 the school became open to girls. The school grounds are about 250 acres (1,000,000 m2). In 2013, 100% of GCSEs were A*-C, and 43% were A*/A. The school has a swimming pool which can be used by people who don't go to the school.
Potala Palace
The Potala Palace (Tibetan: ཕོ་བྲང་པོ་ཏ་ལ་) was a fortress in the city of Lhasa, in Tibet. It was used as the Dalai Lama's winter palace from 1649 to 1959. The palace is named after Mount Potalaka, Avalokiteśvara's home.
The 5th Dalai Lama ordered the construction for this fortress after one of his spiritual advisors showed that the site had good potential and was good as a government building.
The Girl from a Far River
The Girl from a Far River (Девушка с далекой реки) is a 1927 Soviet silent drama movie directed by Yevgeni Chervyakov. It stars Roza Sverdlova, Vladimir Romashkov, and Pyotr Kirillov.