cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Senior Minister
Senior Minister (, used to be called 内阁资政／內閣資政 before 12 August 2004, Menteri Kanan) is a political office in the Prime Minister's Office. The job of Senior Minister in the political system of Singapore is taken by a prime minister or senior cabinet minister when he or she retires from that office, but still can help the government with their long experience. However, some opposition critics say that the job of senior minister shows no respect for the political opposition in Singapore and the reliance of Singapore on a dominant-party system.
Burke, Vermont
Burke is a town in Caledonia County, Vermont, United States.
RAID
RAID 5 "striping with distributed parity"
If the system fails while there are active writes, the parity of a stripe may become inconsistent with the data. If this is not repaired before a disk or block fails, data loss may occur. An incorrect parity will be used to reconstruct the missing block in that stripe. This problem is sometimes known as the "write hole". Battery-backed caches and similar techniques are commonly used to reduce the chance for this to occur.
King Fleming
Between 1960 and 1965, he recorded three piano trio albums for Argo and Cadet Records, which were Phil and Leonard Chess's jazz labels. He also appeared on two singles released locally by singer George Green.
Battle of Okinawa
Operation Ten-Go
Operation Ten-Go (Ten-gō sakusen) was the attack by ten Japanese ships. In all, the Imperial Japanese Navy lost 3,700 sailors, including Admiral Itō. The US lost just 10 U.S. aircraft and 12 airmen.
Darcy Tucker
Darcy Tucker (born March 15, 1975 in Castor, Alberta) is a Canadian retired ice hockey winger. Tucker played 16 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Montreal Canadiens, Tampa Bay Lightning, Toronto Maple Leafs and Colorado Avalanche.
King Fleming
After many years during which his trio worked steadily in the Chicago area without drawing interest from the recording industry, King Fleming resurfaced on the Southport label in 1996.
RAID
RAID 2
This was used with very large computers. Special expensive disks and a special controller are needed to use RAID Level 2. The data is distributed at the bit-level (all other levels use byte-level actions). Special calculations are done. Data is split up into static sequences of bits. 8 data bits and 2 parity bits are put together. Then a Hamming code is calculated. The fragments of the Hamming code are then distributed over the different disks.
Edifício Altino Arantes
Edifício Altino Arantes is a skyscraper in São Paulo, Brazil. It is 161 meters (528 feet) tall and has 36 floors. It was built in 1947.
Battle of Okinawa
British Pacific Fleet
The British Pacific Fleet was ordered to attack Japanese airfields in the Sakishima Islands.
Darcy Tucker
He was drafted 151st overall by the Montreal Canadiens in the 1993 NHL Entry draft. He became known in Long Island during the 2002 Stanley Cup playoffs after Tucker delivered a hip check to New York Islanders' captain Michael Peca during game five of the first round. The hit blew out Peca's MCL and ACL on his left knee which ended his season and delayed his entry into the 2002–03 season. There was no penalty given out.
Battle of Okinawa
Land battle
The land battle took place over about 81 days beginning on 1 April 1945. The first Americans ashore were soldiers of the 77th Infantry Division, who landed west of Okinawa on 26 March.
King Fleming
Fleming died at the age of 91 at a retirement home in Manteno, Illinois on April 1, 2014.
Darcy Tucker
Tucker retired from playing professional ice hockey on October 1, 2010.
Battle of Okinawa
Land battle
On 31 March, Marines of the Fleet Marine Force Amphibious Reconnaissance Battalion landed without opposition on Keise Shima.
Barnet, Vermont
Barnet is a town in Caledonia County, Vermont, United States.
Bernie Taupin
Notable works by Taupin and John include the songs "Rocket Man", "Levon", "Crocodile Rock", "Tiny Dancer", "Candle in the Wind", "Saturday Night's Alright for Fighting", "Goodbye Yellow Brick Road", "Mona Lisas and Mad Hatters", "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me", "Daniel", "Your Song", "I'm Still Standing", "I Guess That's Why They Call It The Blues", "Sacrifice", "The One", "Simple Life", "The Last Song", "Club at the End of the Street" and "Believe". In September 1997, he rewrote the lyrics of "Candle in the Wind" for "Candle in the Wind 1997", a tribute to the late Diana, Princess of Wales.
Tom Smith (rugby union)
In November 2019, Smith was diagnosed with terminal colon that metastasized spread to his brain and liver. He died from the disease on 6 April 2022, aged 50.
Holocene
More details
At this time the Bering bridge connecting Russia and Alaska melted. Also the land bridge between China and Japan melted (starting the Jomon period), as well as many land bridges between islands in Southeast Asia.
Democratic Party (United States)
The Democratic Party represents a broad spectrum of liberal and left-wing ideologies,including—but not limited to—classical liberalism, social democracy, progressivism, and social (modern) liberalism.
Rolf Harris
Career
Harris began his television career on the BBC in 1953. He was best known for his art television shows such as Rolf in bed, Rolf's Cartoon Club and Animal Hospital. In 2005, he painted an official portrait of Queen Elizabeth II in his bed. His best known songs are "Tie Me Kangaroo Down, Sport" (1957) and "Jake the Peg" (1965). He also appeared on children's show The Wiggles on their It's a Wiggly Wiggly World! video in 2000 with his song "Tie Me Kangaroo Down, Sport" which was also once a major hit in Australia, the UK and the US.
Bernie Taupin
In 1992, Taupin and John were inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame. In 2005, he was awarded the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song for "A Love That Will Never Grow Old" for the movie Brokeback Mountain. He was played by Jamie Bell in the biopic movie Rocketman (2019).
Rolf Harris
Crimes
In 2013, Harris was arrested under Operation Yewtree, which was set up to investigate complaints of sexual assault by television personality and paedophile Jimmy Savile, who died on 29 October 2011. Harris appeared on advertisements for British Paints which is an Australian brand of paint.
Probus (emperor)
Probus (19 August 232 – September 282) was Roman emperor from 276 to 282.
Democratic Party (United States)
Philosophy and role in government
Democrats, also sometimes called 'the left', 'liberals' or 'progressives' make up one of the two main political parties in the United States. A mostly Democratic state is sometimes called a 'blue state'. This comes from the party’s main color, which is blue, referring to a state supporting ‘blue’ candidates.
Sergio Bassi
Sergio Bassi (23 June 1951 – 16 March 2020) is an Italian singer-songwriter.
Sergio was raised by his grandparents in a small hamlet in Codogno, Lombardy. After growing up, he moved to Legnano, then to Piacenza, and lived in San Francesco al Campo for seven years. Then, he returned to his hometown.
George Bookasta
George Bookasta (July 14, 1917 – March 26, 2014) was an American child actor. He appeared in many movies some with Charlie Chaplin, Humphrey Bogart, Don Ameche, Douglas Fairbanks, and Gary Cooper.
Charizard
Characteristics
Charizards are orange dragon-like Pokémon that have two wings, that are blue on the front, and orange on the back. Its belly and soles are cream-colored, while their eyes are light blue. The video games say that Charizard's wings can bring it to 4,600 feet in the sky. They can breath very hot flames that can melt anything, although it will never torch a weaker enemy. Charizard also crush their enemies with its claws. Charizard are violent yet honorable creatures, flying proudly around the sky and always looking for powerful enemies to fight with. If a Charizard is angry, the flame at the tip of its tail can be a whitish-blue color. Because of their crazy behavior, Charizard are also known to cause wildfires by accident. They can easily fly well over 4,600 feet in the air.
Benito Joanet
Career as a player
Born in the Esplugues de Llobregat, Joanet played as goalkeeper for Espanyol, Real Zaragoza, Terrassa, Europa and Deportivo de La Coruña.
Western States 100
The Western States 100 is a 100 mile race that is held each July in California's Sierra Nevada Mountains. It is the oldest regularly run ultramarathons. It is considered by some to be the most difficult. Some of the best runners ever to compete in the Western States 100 race are Scott Jurek and Tim Twietmeyer.
Rolf Harris
Crimes
Later that year, Harris was charged with twelve counts of having indecent assaulted girls aged 7 to 19 during the 1960s and 1980s. After his computer was seized by police, he was also charged with four counts of making indecent images of a child during 2012. Harris was interviewed and cautioned by police on November 2012. His trial was due to begin in London on 30 April 2014 but was postponed to 6 May 2014. He said he was innocent. He denied all wrongdoing. He also refused to speak to the media and his defence lawyer said that he would plead not guilty to all of the charges. While awaiting trial on 15 January 2014 when he appeared in a London court with his family, supporters and his security guards, it was decided that Harris would be bailed to stay at his home with his wife until the time when trial starts. He was not allowed to go near anyone under 18 or to contact any of the witnesses. He denied any wrongdoing. Harris' trial began at Southwark Crown Court on 6 May 2014. At the trial it was revealed that Harris was a 'Jekyll and Hyde' character, whose immense talent and public generosity to children and animals hid a darker side - he was sexually attracted to young girls. On 19 June 2014, the jury in the Rolf Harris trial retired to consider its verdict. On 30 June 2014, Harris was found guilty on all 12 counts of indecent assault making him the second person to be convicted under Operation Yewtree after Max Clifford. On 4 July 2014, Harris was sentenced to five years and nine months in prison. The sentence was later referred to the Attorney General for England and Wales Dominic Grieve after complaints it was too lenient. On 30 July 2014, the new Attorney General, Jeremy Wright, announced that he would not be referring the sentence to the court of appeal for review "as he did not think they would find it to be unduly lenient and increase it. The sentencing judge was bound by the maximum sentence in force at the time of the offending."
Sergio Bassi
During the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy, he had SARS-CoV-2. Later, on March 16, he died of an infection in Crema.
Democratic Party (United States)
Philosophy and role in government
Democrats believe in a strong government with social assistance programs to help members of society. They prefer diplomatic solutions to conflicts, and take generally multilateralist views on trade, believing that trade must be free, but fair to protect American workers, consumers, local communities, and the environment. Some Democrats are economic centrists.
Socially, most Democrats believe in sociocultural liberalism, taking pro-immigration, pro-marriage equality, and pro-choice views.
Probus (emperor)
Early life
Probus (Marcus Aurelius Probus) was born in Sirmium (Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia) in the Balkans, part of the Roman Empire. The Calendar of Philocalus (a Latin calendar), the Chronicon Paschale (a Greek chronicle), and the work of the Greek historian John Malalas all say that Probus was born on 19 August 232.
Bernie Taupin
Taupin has been married four times and divorced three times. He has been married to Heather Kidd since 2004. The couple have two children.
Probus (emperor)
Early life
The Historia Augusta (a Latin history) says that Probus's father's name was Maximus. However, another Latin history, the Epitome de Caesaribus, says that Probus's father's name was Dalmatius. The Epitome de Caesaribus also says this Dalmatius was part of the family of the emperor Claudius Gothicus. Neither the Historia Augusta nor the Epitome de Caesaribus are correct, and this information in both histories is fiction. The Historia Augusta also says that Probus had the name Valerius, which is not true.
Benito Joanet
Coaching career
He became a football manager after he stopped playing. He was a manager for Hércules, Castellón, Antequerano, Cádiz, Mallorca, Tenerife, Espanyol, Salamanca and Las Palmas.
Death
Joanet died in Alicante on 22 March 2020 from COVID-19, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain.
Rolf Harris
Crimes
When Harris was convicted his hometown of Bassendean in Perth voted to remove his artwork from their council chambers and to strip him off his status as a Freeman of the town. The Western Australian Department of Education confirmed that Perth Modern School would be removing all artwork by Rolf Harris from display following his criminal conviction.
Senior Minister
In the 2011 general elections, S. Jayakumar did not contest in the election and retired from politics.
George Bookasta
Bookasta was born in Kansas City, Missouri. His parents were Indian actors. He studied at Hollywood High School. Bookasta died on March 26, 2014 in Saratoga Springs, New York, aged 96.
Republican Party (United States)
The United States Republican Party is one of the two big political parties in the United States of America, along with the Democratic Party, the Republican Party's main opponent. The United States has many other small parties known as third parties. The Republican Party is a center-right party, contrast to the center-left Democratic Party.
Shahla Riahi
Shahla Riahi (, 7 February 1927 – 31 December 2019) was an Iranian actress and movie director. She was born in Tehran. In 1956, she became the first Iranian woman to direct a feature, with Marjan. Her career as an actress includes more than 72 movies.
Probus (emperor)
Early life
Probus was a soldier in the Roman army. The Historia Augusta says that Probus was in the army in the time of Valerian, and that Probus worked in the area of the Danube. Historia Augusta also says that Probus was in the army that fought against the emperors' enemies in Roman Africa and the Palmyrene Empire. (This information is probably not correct.)
In the time of the emperor Marcus Claudius Tacitus, Probus was probably a governor of the East (dux Orientis).
Emperor
In summer 276, probably in July, Probus became emperor. At the time, he was in the eastern empire. (The Historia Augusta says that Probus became emperor in January that year, but this is not correct.)
Partition of Iraq
In the years after the United States invaded Iraq in 2003, some people have said that they support the idea of partitioning Iraq, or dividing Iraq into three (or more) separate parts (a Sunni Arab part, a Shi'a Arab part, and a Kurdish part). These parts could be loosely united as an Iraqi federation or be three separate independent countries.
Rolf Harris
Crimes
Harris was taken Bullingdon Prison in Oxfordshire, but was taken later to HM Prison Stafford in Stafford, Staffordshire after he was targeted and spat at by fellow inmates.
On 1 August 2014, Harris had applied to appeal against his indecent assault conviction and his lawyers requested permission with the Court of Appeal but on 1 November 2014, Harris lost his first round of permission to appeal. On 1 December 2014, Harris dropped his bid to appeal the sentence, meaning that he would spend the next 2 and a half years in prison, and the next half would be a non-custodial.
Democratic Party (United States)
Current Democratic beliefs
Currently, the Democratic Party is identified by progressivism, liberalism, and left-wing policies.
Rolf Harris
Crimes
In 2006, Harris was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE). On 4 March 2015, it was taken away by the Queen.
Electoral district of Coomera
Coomera is an electoral district of Queensland. It was created in 2009.
Coomera is on the Gold Coast.
Partition of Iraq
Support for this idea
Support for the idea of dividing Iraq into three (or more) separate parts came from various prominent Americans and Iraqis, including Joe Biden, Leslie H. Gelb, Edward P. Joseph, Michael E. O'Hanlon, Khamis Khanjar, Atheel al-Nujaifi, Rafaa al-Issawi, Ali Khedery,  John Bolton, and Michael J. Totten.
Republican Party (United States)
The Republicans are sometimes called "the right" or "conservatives". The Republican Party itself is also called the GOP, which stands for "Grand Old Party". Ideologically, it favours fiscal and social conservatism, opposing abortion, euthanasia, labor unions, affirmative action, marijuana legalisation, and a high minimum wage, whilst advocating low taxes, limited government, gun rights, free markets, and free trade, although it held protectionist opinions during its early days, in Theodore Roosevelt’s presidency, and held anti-free trade opinions in Donald Trump’s presidency.
Battle of Okinawa
Northern Okinawa
The main landing was made by XXIV Corps and III Amphibious Corps on the western coast of Okinawa on 1 April.
Groton, Vermont
Groton is a town in Caledonia County, Vermont, United States.
Lyndon, Vermont
Lyndon is a town in Caledonia County, Vermont, United States.
Charizard
Games
Charizard has appeared many times in the Super Smash Bros. (series). Charizard first appears as a non-playable character in Super Smash Bros. and Super Smash Bros. Melee, as one of the Pokémon that come if a player uses a Poké Ball. In Super Smash Bros. Brawl Charizard is now playable, under the command of the Pokémon Trainer. The Trainer also has a Squirtle and an Ivysaur, that you can swich from at any time. It can use Flamethrower and Rock Smash. It also uses Fly and has the ability to glide. Charizard is a Heavyweight and attacks with many physical attacks. It uses Fire Blast in Pokémon Trainer's Final Smash, Triple Finish.
Republican Party (United States)
The symbol of the Republican party is the elephant. This symbol was first used in 1874 in a political cartoon by Thomas Nast.
The Republican National Committee, or "RNC", is the main organization for the Republican Party in all 50 states. The Republican Party is not the same political party as the Democratic-Republican Party. A state where most voters vote for Republican politicians is called a "red state".
History
The Republican Party was founded in Ripon, Wisconsin in 1853, with the help of Francis Preston Blair. The Republican Party was formed by people who did not like the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, which would let each territory allow slavery. The Republican Party was founded by past members of the Free Soil Party and the Whig Party who wanted to stop the expansion of slavery. The founders of the Republican Party wanted to stop the expansion of slavery because they believed it was against the ideals of the Constitution and Declaration of Independence. Some founders of the Republican Party wanted to abolish slavery everywhere in the United States. The Republican Party's first candidate for President of the United States was John C. Frémont in 1856.
Endemic (epidemiology)
In epidemiology, an infection is said to be endemic in a population when that infection is not spread quickly or not a lot of people are infected for it to become a pandemic. For example, chickenpox is endemic (steady state) in the United Kingdom, but malaria is not.
Senior Minister
After the elections, the Senior Minister position was renamed to Emeritus Senior Minister and is still headed by former prime minister Goh Chok Tong.
Democratic Party (United States)
Current Democratic beliefs
Not all Democrats believe in the same thing, but generally these are the things many Democrats support:
Republican Party (United States)
History
As the Whig Party collapsed, the Republicans became one of two major political parties in the United States (the Democratic Party was the other major political party). In 1860 Abraham Lincoln, the first Republican president, was elected. For the rest of the second half of the 19th century, the country had mostly Republican presidents. From 1860 until 1912 the Republicans lost the presidential election just twice (non-consecutively to Democrat Grover Cleveland in 1884 and 1892).
Charizard
Reception and legacy
Described by the media as "a lean, ferocious, fire-breathing dragon [...] sleek, powerful, and utterly destructive", Charizard has been noted as one of the franchise's most popular characters. People who sell toys have noted that the high sales of merchandise related to the character to the popularity of the character's dragon-like design with children. Interviewed children have stated similar; they attributed its appeal to its "cool looking" appearance and associating the character with the concepts of stubbornness and power. GamesRadar described Charizard as "hands-down one of the coolest Pokémon out there", heavily praising its character design and calling it "one of the coolest" designs of the entire series. IGN editor "pokemonofthedaychick" called Charizard "certainly the most popular and perhaps the most well-balanced of any of the current starting Pokémon". The book Pikachu's Global Adventure: The Rise and Fall of Pokémon cited Charizard as popular with older male children who tend to be drawn to "tough or scary" characters, and compared the character's evolution from Charmander into Charizard with the loss of "cuteness" as one leaves childhood. The book Rebuilding Attachments With Traumatized Children stated psychiatrists utilized the character as an empowered character traumatized children who were fans of the Pokémon series could relate to. In 2005, search engine Yahoo! reported Charizard as one of the top Pokémon-related web searches.
Milky Way
Size
The stellar disk of the Milky Way Galaxy is about 200,000 light-years (9×1017 km) in diameter, and is considered to be, on average, about 1000 light years thick.
Democratic Party (United States)
Current Democratic beliefs
Most support for Democrats comes from states in the Northeast, Upper Midwest, and the Pacific Coast, as well as from the state of Hawaii.
Kabanovsky Village Council
Kabanovsky Village Council is a municipality in the Ust-Kalmansky District of the Altai Krai in Russia. It has the status of a rural settlement and an administrative-territorial entity. The administrative center is the village of Kabanovo.
Kirby, Vermont
Kirby is a town in Caledonia County, Vermont, United States.
Milky Way
Size
It is estimated to contain at least 100 billion stars, and possibly up to 400 billion stars. The figure depends on the number of very low-mass, or dwarf stars, which are hard to detect, especially more than 300 light years from our sun. Therefore, present estimates of the total number are uncertain. This can be compared to the one trillion (1012) stars of the neighbouring Andromeda Galaxy.
The stellar disc of the Milky Way does not have a sharp edge, a radius beyond which there are no stars. Rather, the number of stars drops smoothly with distance from the centre of the Galaxy. Beyond a radius of about 40,000 light years, the number of stars drops much faster, for reasons that are not understood.
Liberty County, Montana
Liberty County is a county found in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 2,339 people. Its county seat is Chester.
Milky Way
Size
Extending beyond the stellar disk is a much thicker disk of gas. Recent observations indicate that the gaseous disk of the Milky Way has a thickness of around 12000 light years–twice the previously accepted value. As a guide to the relative physical scale of the Milky Way, if the Solar System out to the orbit of Pluto were reduced to the size of a US quarter (about an inch or 25 mm in diameter), the Milky Way would have a diameter of 2,000 kilometers. At 220 kilometers per second it takes the Solar System about 240 million years to complete one orbit of the Galaxy (a galactic year).
Republican Party (United States)
History
Republicans believed in protectionism (the belief that raising taxes on trades with other countries would protect the economy) during the second half of the 19th century and during the early half of the 20th century.
Rolf Harris
Crimes
Harris served his sentence at HM Prison Stafford. He was released on 19 May 2017, after serving three years of his sentence of five years and nine months.
Hardwick, Vermont
Hardwick is a town in Caledonia County, Vermont, United States.
RAID
RAID 2
RAID 2 is the only RAID level that can repair errors, the other RAID levels can only detect them. When they find that the information needed does not make sense, they will simply rebuild it. This is done with calculations, using information on the other disks. If that information is missing or wrong, they cannot do much. Because it uses Hamming codes, RAID 2 can find out which piece of the information is wrong, and correct only that piece.
Arlington, Oregon
Arlington is a city in Gilliam County, Oregon, United States. The population was 586 at the 2010 census.
Aschau im Chiemgau
Aschau im Chiemgau (Central Bavarian: Aschau im Cheamgau) is a municipality in Rosenheim, a district (Landkreis) in Upper Bavaria.
Rolf Harris
Death
In October 2022, it was reported that Harris was suffering with neck cancer.
Shahla Riahi
Riahi died on 31 December 2019 in Tehran at the age of 92.
Republican Party (United States)
History
After World War I, the 1920s had three Republican presidents: Warren Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover. It was called the Republican Decade for that reason. Harding and Coolidge made a plan for the economy which lowered taxes, made the government spend less money, and got rid of rules and laws that affected the economy.
Battle of Okinawa
Northern Okinawa
The 10th Army moved across the south-central part of the island. They captured the Kadena and the Yomitan airbases.
Badwater Ultramarathon
The Badwater Ultramarathon is a race run from the lowest point in North America to the trail head of Mt. Whitney. It is 135 miles in very high heat.
RAID
RAID 2
RAID 2 needs at least 10 disks to work. Because of its complexity and its need for very expensive and special hardware, RAID 2 is no longer used very much.
Kabanovsky Village Council
Population
According to the results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census, the population of the municipality was 1,558 people.
Democratic Party (United States)
Symbols
The symbol of the Democratic Party is the donkey. Since the election of 2000, the color blue has become a symbol for Democrats.
Ryegate, Vermont
Ryegate is a town in Caledonia County, Vermont, United States.
Battle of Okinawa
Northern Okinawa
The 77th Infantry Division attacked Ie Island (Ie Shima) on 16 April.
Southern Okinawa
The U.S. Army 96th Infantry division and 7th Infantry Division went south across Okinawa. The 96th Infantry Division had violent fights with Japanese troops in fortified positions. They had 1,500 battle casualties, while killing or capturing about 4,500 Japanese.
The next American goal was Kakazu Ridge. The Japanese soldiers hid in caves. There were many casualties on both sides.
On the evening of 12 April, the 32nd Army attacked U.S. positions. The attackers retreated. A final attack on 14 April was again stopped.
The launched a new attack on 19 April with 324 guns, the largest ever in the Pacific Ocean war. Then 650 Navy and Marine planes attacked with napalm, rockets, bombs, and machine guns.
Mista
Mista (born 12 November 1978) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Deportivo La Coruña.
Newark, Vermont
Newark is a town in Caledonia County, Vermont, United States.
Republican Party (United States)
History
Near the end of the 1920s, the stock market crashed and the Great Depression began. During the Great Depression, the Republican Party became less popular. No Republicans were president between 1933 and 1953, when Dwight Eisenhower began his first of two consecutive terms as president (he was re-elected in 1956). Richard Nixon lost the election in 1960, but was elected president on the Republican ticket in 1968 and again in 1972.
RAID
RAID 3 "striping with dedicated parity"
RAID Level 3 is usually done with at least 3 disks. A two-disk setup is identical to a RAID Level 0.
Milky Way
Size
The Galactic halo extends outward, but is limited in size by the orbits of two Milky Way satellites, the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds, whose closest approach is at about 180,000 light years. At this distance or beyond, the orbits of most halo objects would be disrupted by the Magellanic Clouds, and the objects would likely be ejected from the vicinity of the Milky Way.
Pakistan Rangers
The Pakistan Rangers are part of the paramilitary force command in Pakistan.
Mista
Club career statistics
274||65 274||65
Republican Party (United States)
History
Ronald Reagan, an actor and conservative political activist, was elected as president in 1980. Ronald Reagan became the first Republican president who was a former member of the Democratic Party. Ronald Reagan served two terms and his successor George H.W. Bush served one term. Reagan wanted fewer laws to affect the economy, and wanted the military to be stronger.
Pakistan Rangers
It consists of members of the paramilitary forces of Sindh and Punjab under the direct control of the Ministry of the Interior of the Pakistan Government. The prime objectives of Rangers are to provide and maintain security in hot conflict and crime ridden areas as well as other duties not acceptable for civilian police.
Milky Way
Galactic center
The galactic disc, which bulges outward at the galactic center, has a diameter of 170–200,000 light years.
Republican Party (United States)
History
Bill Clinton (a Democrat) was elected president in 1992, and re-elected in 1996. However, a new Congress was elected in 1994, and Republicans gained control of both the House of Representatives and the Senate. They voted against many of Clinton's ideas and proposed ideas of their own such as a line item veto and a balanced budget amendment. In 2000, George W. Bush was elected president, defeating Al Gore in a very close election. Bush was re-elected in 2004.
Milky Way
Galactic center
The exact distance from the Sun to the galactic center is debated. The latest estimates give distances to the Galactic center of 25–28,000 light years.
Movement of material around the galactic center shows that it has a compact object of very large mass. The intense radio source named Sagittarius A*, thought to mark the center of the Milky Way, is now confirmed to be a supermassive black hole. Most galaxies are believed to have a supermassive black hole at their center.
Began Jarwar
Began Jarwar is a village and Head quarter of Union Council Began Jarwar of Tando Allahyar District in the Sindh Province of Pakistan. It is part of Chamber Taluka. It is in the south of the district to the southeast of the district capital Tando Allahyar at 25°25'35N 68°50'20E. The Union Council has 41,890 people.
Republican Party (United States)
History
After elections held in 2006, Republicans lost control of Congress. Democrat Barack Obama was elected in 2008 and re-elected in 2012. Republican John Boehner was elected the Speaker of the House of Representatives in 2010 and re-elected in 2012. In 2014, Republicans gained control of the Senate and the House. Boehner resigned in early October 2015 and was eventually succeeded by Paul Ryan of Wisconsin on October 29, 2015. On November 9, 2016, Donald Trump was elected president, defeating Democrat Hillary Clinton in the Electoral College. Trump was the first Republican to take office as president since January 20, 2001, when George W. Bush was inaugurated. The Republicans lost the House and won the Senate in 2018. Paul Ryan retired in 2019 and was succeeded by Nancy Pelosi, who is a member of the Democratic Party.
Saint-Julien-le-Faucon
Saint-Julien-le-Faucon is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Mézidon Vallée d'Auge.
Republican Party (United States)
History
In 2020, the Republicans lost the presidency when Joe Biden defeated Donald Trump. In 2022, they were able to get control back of the House of Representatives, but not the Senate.
Current Republican Beliefs
Currently, the Republican Party is identified by classical liberalism, conservatism, and right-wing policies.
Not all Republicans believe in the same things, but generally, these are the things many Republicans support in all:
Mista
International career statistics
!Total||2||0
Republican Party (United States)
U.S. Presidents
Republican presidents in the 19th Century
Republican presidents in the 20th Century
Republican presidents in the 21st Century
Democratic Party (United States)
Symbols
Historically, Thomas Jefferson, whom the party claims as its founder, has been often seen as symbols of the Democratic Party, particularly emphasized in the annual celebrations of Jefferson Day Dinners held since the days of Andrew Jackson. As such, the Democratic Party is also often referred to as the “Party of Jefferson.”
Saint-Julien-sur-Calonne
Saint-Julien-sur-Calonne is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Hiroshi Matsuda
Hiroshi Matsuda (松田 浩) is a former Japanese football player.
Milky Way
Galactic center
The nature of the galaxy's bar is also actively debated, with estimates for its half-length and orientation spanning from 3,300 to 16,000 light years (short or a long bar) and 10–50 degrees. Viewed from the Andromeda Galaxy, it would be the brightest feature of our own galaxy.
Battle of Okinawa
Southern Okinawa
A tank attack failed with the loss of 22 tanks. XXIV Corps lost 720 men KIA, WIA and MIA.
Cloutierville, Louisiana
Cloutierville is an unincorporated community in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Milky Way
Myth
In Greek mythology, Zeus places his son (the baby Heracles) whose mother was a mortal woman on Hera's breast while she is sleeping so that the baby will drink her divine milk and become immortal. However, Hera wakes up while she is breastfeeding the baby and realizes she is nursing a baby she does not know. According to Greek mythology, she then pushes the baby away and a stream of her milk sprays the night sky, making a faint band of light known as the Milky Way.
Battle of Okinawa
Southern Okinawa
On 4 May, the 32nd Army launched another attack. This time, Ushijima tried to land troops on the coasts behind American lines. Japanese artillery fired 13,000 rounds. The attack failed.
Buckner launched another American attack on 11 May. By the end of May, monsoon rains turned hills and roads into mud.
On 29 May, Maj. Gen. Pedro del Valle ordered Company A, 1st Battalion, 5th Marines to capture Shuri Castle.
The Japanese retreat moved nearly 30,000 men into its last defense line on the Kiyan Peninsula. The 4,000 Japanese sailors — including Admiral Minoru Ota — all committed suicide.
On 18 June, Gen. Buckner was killed by enemy artillery fire. The last Japanese stopped fighting on 21 June, although some Japanese stayed hidden.
Peacham, Vermont
Peacham is a town in Caledonia County, Vermont, United States.
Rolf Harris
Death
Harris died at his home in Bray, in Berkshire, England, on 10 May 2023, aged 93. At his funeral, the pallbearers each sported a third leg in tribute to his song Jake the Peg.
Sheffield, Vermont
Sheffield is a town in Caledonia County, Vermont, United States.
RAID
RAID 4 "striping with dedicated parity"
This is very similar to RAID 3, except that the parity information is calculated over larger blocks, and not single bytes. This is like RAID 5. At least three disks are needed for a RAID 4 array.
RAID 6
RAID level 6 was not an original RAID level. It adds an additional parity block to a RAID 5 array. It needs at least four disks (two disks for the capacity, two disks for redundancy). RAID 5 can be seen as a special case of a Reed-Solomon code. RAID 5 is a special case, though, it only needs addition in the Galois field GF(2). This is easy to do with XORs. RAID 6 extends these calculations. It is no longer a special case, and all of the calculations need to be done. With RAID 6, an extra checksum (called polynomial) is used, usually of GF (28). With this approach it is possible to protect against any number of failed disks. RAID 6 is for the case of using two checksums to protect against the loss of two disks.
Like with RAID 5, parity and data are on different disks for each block. The two parity blocks are also located on different disks.
RAID 6 is slower than RAID 5, but it allows the RAID to continue with any two disks failed. RAID 6 is becoming popular because it allows an array to be rebuilt after a single-drive failure even if one of the remaining disks has one or more bad sectors.
Double parity / Diagonal parity
RAID 6 uses two parity blocks. These are calculated in a special way over a polynomial. Double parity RAID (also called diagonal parity RAID) uses a different polynomial for each of these parity blocks. Recently, the industry association that defined RAID said that double parity RAID is a different form of RAID 6.
RAID-DP
RAID-DP is another way of having double parity.
Rodinsky District
Rodinsky District is an administrative and municipal district in the Altai Krai of Russia. Its administrative center is Rodino.
Saint-Lambert, Calvados
Saint-Lambert, Calvados is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Bukera Sharif
Bukera Sharif is a town and Union Council of Tando Allahyar District in the Sindh Province of Pakistan. It is part of Tando Allahyar Taluka in the southwest of the district.
Rodinsky District
Geography
Rodinsky is in the west of the krai. It has an area of 3118 km2.
History
It was founded in 1924.
Joaquín Costa
Joaquin Costa (14 September 1846 - 8 February 1911) was a Spanish politician, lawyer, economist and historian.
Burkburnett, Texas
Burkburnett is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
RAID
RAID 1.5
RAID 1.5 (not to be confused with RAID 15, which is different) is a proprietary RAID implementation. Like RAID 1, it only uses two disks, but it does both striping and mirroring (similar to RAID 10). Most things are done in hardware.
RAID 5E, RAID 5EE and RAID 6E
RAID 5E, RAID 5EE and RAID 6E (with the added E for Enhanced) generally refer to different types of RAID 5 or RAID 6 with a hot spare. With these implementations, the hot spare drive is not a physical drive. Rather, it exists in the form of free space on the disks. This increases performance, but it means that a hot spare cannot be shared between different arrays. The scheme was introduced by IBM ServeRAID around 2001.
RAID 7
This is a proprietary implementation. It adds caching to a RAID 3 or RAID 4 array.
Intel Matrix RAID
Some Intel main boards have RAID chip that have this feature. It uses two or three disks, and then partitions them equally to form a combination of RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 5 or RAID 1+0 levels.
RAID Z
Sun has implemented a file system called ZFS. This file system is optimised for handling large amounts of data. It includes a Logical Volume Manager. It also includes a feature called RAID-Z. It avoids the problem called RAID 5 write hole because it has a copy-on-write policy: It does not overwrite the data directly, but writes new data in a new location on the disk. When the write was successful, the old data is deleted. It avoids the need for read-modify-write operations for small writes, because it only writes full-stripes. Small blocks are mirrored instead of parity protected, which is possible because the file system knows the way the storage is organised. It can therefore allocate extra space if necessary. There is also RAID-Z2 which uses two forms of parity to achieve results similar to RAID 6: the ability to survive up to two drive failures without losing data.
Joining RAID levels
With RAID different disks can be put together to get a logical disk.The user will only see the logical disk. Each one of the RAID levels mentioned above has good and bad points. But RAID can also work with logical disks. That way one of the RAID levels above can be used with a set of logical disks. Many people note it by writing the numbers together. Sometimes, they write a '+' or an '&' in between. Common combinations (using two levels) are the following:
With six disks of 300 GB each, a total capacity of 1.8TB, it is possible to make a RAID 5, with 1.5 TB usable space. In that array, one disk can fail without data loss. With RAID 50, the space is reduced to 1.2 TB, but one disk of each RAID 5 can fail, plus there is a noticeable increase in performance. RAID 51 reduces the usable size to 900 GB, but allows any three drives to fail.
Making a RAID
There are different ways to make a RAID. It can either be done with software, or with hardware.
Software RAID
A RAID can be made with software in two different ways. In the case of Software RAID, the disks are connected like normal hard disks. It is the computer that makes the RAID work. This means that for each access the CPU also needs to do the calculations for the RAID. The calculations for RAID 0 or RAID 1 are simple. However, the calculations for RAID 5, RAID 6, or one of the combined RAID levels can be a lot of work. In a software RAID, automatically booting from an array that failed may be a difficult thing to do. Finally, the way RAID is done in software depends on the operating system used; it is generally not possible to re-build a Software RAID array with a different operating system. Operating systems usually use hard disk partitions rather than whole hard disks to make RAID arrays.
Hardware RAID
A RAID can also be made with hardware. In this case, a special disk controller is used; this controller card hides the fact that it is doing RAID from the operating system and the user. The calculations of checksum information, and other RAID-related calculations are done on a special microchip in that controller. This makes the RAID independent of the operating system. The operating system will not see the RAID, it will see a single disk. Different manufacturers do RAID in different ways. This means that a RAID built with one hardware RAID controller cannot be rebuilt by another RAID controller of a different manufacturer. Hardware RAID controllers are often expensive to buy.
Richard Brick
Richard Michael Brick (September 20, 1945 – April 2, 2014) was an American movie producer, professor at Columbia University, and former Commissioner of New York City’s Mayor's Office of Film, Theatre & Broadcasting. He was born in New York City.
Brick died of esophageal cancer in New York City, aged 68.
Probus (emperor)
Emperor
Probus was Roman consul for the first time in 277. The writing of the Justinianic Code may mean that Probus was in Sirmium on 5 May 277. From 277 to 278, Probus fought a war against the Germanic peoples. In 277, Probus got the name Gothicus because of his successes against the Goths.
Probus was Roman consul for the second time in 278 and consul for the third time in 279. In 279, Probus fought wars against the Isaurians in Asia Minor and against the Blemmyes in Roman Egypt. From October 279, Probus had the names Gothicus maximus, Germanicus maximus, Persicus maximus (or Parthicus maximus) because of his successes against the Goths, against other Germanic peoples, and against the Sasanian Empire (the Persians).
Between 280 and 281, there was a civil war in Roman Europe. Bonosus and Proculus made themselves emperors. The Historia Augusta says that this was at Colonia Agrippina (Cologne), but this may not be correct. Not long after this, Probus's armies overcame the armies of Proculus and Bonosus at Colonia Agrippina. Bonosus may have killed himself and Probus may have executed Proculus.
Probus was Roman consul for the fourth time in 281. In around 281, there was a rebellion in Roman Britain. The rebellion was stopped for Probus by Victorinus. The Latin histories of Jerome say that around 281, there was another rebellion in Antioch. There, Saturninus made himself emperor. The Greek historian Zosimus wrote that Saturninus was the governor of Roman Syria. Jerome wrote that soldiers in Saturninus's army murdered him at Apamea in Roman Syria.
Around the end of 281, Probus held a triumph in Rome. Probus was Roman consul for the fifth time in 282.
Death
Soldiers of the Roman army murdered Probus at Sirmium in autumn 282, probably in August or September. The Historia Augusta says that he was buried in a mausoleum in Sirmium.
There may have been a damnatio memoriae on Probus, and the Romans removed his name from some inscriptions. Later however, possibly in the time of the emperor Diocletian, the Romans deified Probus (making him into a god). He got a new name in Divus Probus.
Family
The Historia Augusta says that Probus had a sister with the name Claudia. This may be fiction.
RAID
Hardware-assisted RAID
This is a mix between hardware RAID and software RAID. Hardware-assisted RAID uses a special controller chip (like hardware RAID), but this chip can not do many operations. It is only active when the system is started; as soon as the operating system is fully loaded, this configuration is like software RAID. Some motherboards have RAID functions for the disks attached; most often, these RAID functions are done as hardware-assisted RAID. This means that special software is needed to be able to use these RAID functions and to be able to recover from a failed disk.
Different terms related to hardware failures
There are different terms that are used when talking about hardware failures:
Failure rate
The failure rate is how often a system fails. The mean time to failure (MTTF) or mean time between failures (MTBF) of a RAID system is the same as that of its components. A RAID system cannot protect against failures of its individual hard drives, after all. The more complicated types of RAID (anything beyond "striping" or "concatenation") can help keep the data intact even if an individual hard drive fails, though.
Mean time to data loss
The mean time to data loss (MTTDL) gives the average time before a loss of data happens in a given array. Mean time to data loss of a given RAID may be higher or lower than that of its hard disks. This depends on the type of RAID used.
Pascal Cygan
Pascal Cygan (born 29 April 1974) is a French football player. He plays for Cartagena.
RAID
Mean time to recovery
Arrays that have redundancy can recover from some failures. The mean time to recovery shows how long it takes until a failed array is back to its normal state. This adds both the time to replace a failed disk mechanism as well as time to re-build the array (i.e. to replicate data for redundancy).
Pascal Cygan
Club career statistics
179||9 63||3 46||2
RAID
Unrecoverable bit error rate
The unrecoverable bit error rate (UBE) tells how long a disk drive will be unable to recover data after using cyclic redundancy check (CRC) codes and multiple retries.
Problems with RAID
There are also certain problems with the ideas or the technology behind RAID:
Adding disks at a later time
Another option to add storage is to create a new array, and to let a logical volume manager handle the situation. This allows to grow almost any RAID system, even RAID1 (which by itself is limited to two disks).
Linked failures
The error correction mechanism in RAID assumes that failures of drives are independent. It is possible to calculate how often a piece of equipment can fail and to arrange the array to make data loss very improbable.