cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Nudity
European history
The nude had been a subject of European art since the ancient Greeks, which continued in the Roman era. With the rise of Christianity, nudity almost disappeared from art during the Middle Ages except for Biblical stories such as Adam and Eve. Symbolic nudity in the fine arts increased in the Renaissance with paintings and sculpture based upon classical mythology and Biblical scenes. The rediscovery of ancient Greek culture had increased the conflicting views of nudity as good or bad.
It was leaders of the Protestant Reformation that thought nudity itself was sinful as a temptation for sexual behavior. Renaissance nude art was destroyed, or genitals were covered.
Modern Europe
The cultural division between northern and southern Europe can be traced to the sauna. Various methods of cleaning the body by wet or dry heat (causing sweating) are found worldwide. In Finland, almost everyone has access to a sauna. Sharing a sauna with others of all sexes and ages widens the definition of private nudity. Communal bathing breaks the connection between nudity and sexual activity, which is assumed by other cultures. Instead, modesty is in behavior, such as not calling attention to one's own body, and not staring at others.
In the United Kingdom, nudity may be allowed if there is no sexual display intended to cause alarm to the viewer, or create a public disturbance.
In modern European art, the nude became a symbol that could be used to express all parts of the human condition. The images of nude women that had been created for hundreds of years by male artists are seen by many feminists as degrading to women.
Nudity in Canada
Officially public nudity is disorderly conduct without a "lawful excuse". However, there is another law that a charge of nudity can only be made with the approval of the attorney general. The result is nudity by itself is rarely charged, only when there is another violation involved. There is also the context; nudity at a festival for example is not the same as in ordinary conditions. A women's right to be top-free has been established in Ontario and British Columbia.
Nudity in Mexico
There is one clothing-optional beach in Mexico, Playa Zipolite in Oaxaca.
Nudity in the United States
America has the greatest disapproval of nudity among Western cultures, and resistance to seeing it as non-sexual. German immigrants brought naturism to the US in the 1930s, but it was limited to "nudist camps" and not widely accepted. Finnish immigrants brought the sauna and mixed nudity to some rural areas, but this became gender segregated.
Maliseet
The Wəlastəkwewiyik or Maliseet or Malecite were a Native American group of people of the Northeastern Woodlands. They spoke Algonquian and were a First Nation. They were part of the Wabanaki Confederacy. The region includes Quebec, New Brunswick and parts of Maine. Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians of Maine is a federally recognized Maliseet tribe in the United States. It is considered one the first foreign allies of the United States.
Nudity
Nudity in the United States
Nudity was more acceptable during the "counter-culture" of the 1960s-70s. Public nudity became part of music events such as the Woodstock Festival and political events such as Vietnam War protests. There were many unofficially clothing-optional places to swim, but few legal as in Europe. In the more conservative 21st century, many swimming places are again banning nudity.
Oceania
Including Australia, New Zealand and all of the Pacific islands, Oceania has both European colonial culture and many indigenous peoples. Similar to other tropical climates, clothing was minimal and removed for both work and play. Colonialism changed this, but not always as expected. The Pacific islands were colonized later than Africa and South America, and the people and cultures more romanticized.
For centuries, clothing indigenous people was part of conversion to Christianity. Rarely, traditional clothing is allowed, as on Yap island where the Catholic Church includes in some celebrations women dancing in costumes that do not cover their breasts.
South America
The Awá people of the Amazon rainforest were isolated until recently, first contact being at the beginning of the 21st century. Although now wearing Western clothing at some times, men hunting in the jungle are naked except for a decoration of bird feathers tied to the end of their penises.
Norm
One common understanding of norm is: something that is regarded as normal or typical.
In mathematics:
Norm may also be:
Norms may refer to Norms Restaurants, a chain of restaurants in Southern California.
Bollington
Bollington is a town and civil parish in Cheshire. The village is home to over twenty pubs. Bollington was home to the biggest water wheel in England and only second in Britain to the Laxey wheel in the Isle of Man. The wheel powered huge mills for the production of cotton. Two of the huge mills were the Adelphi and Clarence.
By 1914 Bollington had a population of around 6000 people and was dominated by fine cotton spinning. The symbol of Bollington has to be White Nancy. A small white cone-like house stands alone on top of a hill overlooking all of Bollington. It was built by the Gaskell family early in the nineteenth century. It has now been sealed.
Sport has been important in the life of Bollington. Even though the village did not have a football team successful enough to rival the cricket team it was still very popular amongst the people of Bollington. The most popular team was St Johns team which was quite successful in the lower leagues. Today there are good teams competing in the amateur leagues such as Bollington United.
Cioroiași
Cioroiaşi is a commune in Dolj County, Romania.
Thoughts on the Education of Daughters
The book argues that women should be allowed education just like men.
January 6
Since 2021, the terms January 6, January 6th, and 1/6 have been used in the media as a shorthand for the 2021 United States Capitol riots, which occurred on that day
United Nations peacekeeping missions involving Pakistan
UN peacekeeping missions involving Pakistan covers a long and cherished history of Pakistani involvement with the United Nations. Pakistan joined the United Nations on 30th September, 1947. Since 1960, Pakistan has been actively involved in most of the UN Peacekeeping missions and today stands at the top with 10,175 troops and observers serving in current missions. Some of the major contributions were in Somalia, Sierra Leone, Bosnia, Congo and Liberia.
Lonsdaleite
Lonsdaleite is also known as hexagonal diamond because of its crystal structure, It is a allotrope of carbon with a Hexagonal lattice as compared to the cubical lattice of regular diamonds.
It is naturally found in meteorite debris of meteors that carried graphite and crashed onto earth, the great heat and pressure upon impact made the graphite turn into Lonsdaleite.
Billund
Billund is a town in Jutland, Denmark. In 2021, 6,643 people lived there.
The toy company Lego has its main office in Billund. It is also the site of a theme park Legoland and Billund Airport which is the second largest airport in Denmark.
Students in Free Enterprise
Students in Free Enterprise (SIFE) is an international non-profit organization. It works with university students who want to change their communities positively and learn practical knowledge to become socially responsible business leaders. Students form teams in their campuses and use business model to make better the quality of life and standard of living for people in need.
History
SIFE, was established in 1975 in the United States by Robert T. Davis. SIFE was originally a regional leadership training program attended by university students who taught their communities what they had learned. Eventually, these university students competed on the outcomes of their efforts.
Operating system
More than 1,600 university campuses in 39 countries take part in SIFE's projects. SIFE gives these students the chance to develop leadership, teamwork and communication skills through learning, practicing and teaching the knowledge of free enterprise. SIFE Teams teach important concepts including market economics, entrepreneurship, personal and financial success, and business studies, their communities and their countries.
Competitions
Each year, SIFE competitions are held worldwide, so called World Cup, with thousands of students and business leaders. Teams present their projects to judges who evaluate those projects and determine which teams had the most impact improving the quality of life and standard of living for members of their community. Every country organizes a national competition to pick up national champion and give him a opportunity to compete at the World Cup. The criterion is as follows: ``Considering the relevant economic, social and environmental factors, which SIFE team most effectively empowered people in need by applying business and economic concepts and an entrepreneurial approach to improve their quality of life and standard of living.``
Partners
SIFE partners include corporations, organizations and individuals' foundations such as HSBC, PepsiCo, Unilever, DELL, Microsoft.
Other websites
SIFE is now called Enactus. Here is the press release link - http://enactus.org/sife-changes-their-name-to-highlight-a-deep-commitment-to-entrepreneurial-action/#.W4mPFvmnGUk
Harry Martinson
Harry Martinson (6May 1904 – 11February 1978) was a Swedish author, poet and former sailor. In 1949 he was elected into the Swedish Academy. He was awarded a joint Nobel Prize in Literature in 1974 "for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos".
Streatham
Streatham is a very green area, with a large common. There are formal Victorian Gardens hidden at the top of Streatham Common called The Rookery. There is also a free children's paddling pool which is filled only in the summer months. It is in the London Borough of Lambeth in South London.
Harry Martinson
Martinson killed himself at a Stockholm hospital by cutting his stomach open with a pair of scissors on 11 February 1978.
Streatham
Streatham has the longest high street in Europe with many great shops and restaurants along it as well as streatham odeon, streatham leisure centre, and trio pizzeria.
Copiapó
Copiapó is a Chilean town in Region of Atacama. It was founded in December 8, 1744. It is also the capital of Region of Atacama and Province of Copiapó.
Ciupercenii Noi
Ciupercenii Noi is a commune found in Dolj County, Romania.
Chalezeule
Chalezeule is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.
Bahrain International Circuit
The Bahrain International Circuit (BIC) is a motorsport track opened in 2004 and used for auto racing. The main race is the Bahrain Grand Prix. The 2004 Grand Prix was the first held in the Middle East. In 2006, Australian V8 Supercar started racing at the BIC. 24 Hour endurance races also hosted at BIC.
History
Building the Bahrain circuit (track) was important for Bahrain, and was started by the Crown Prince, Shaikh Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa. The Crown Prince is the Honorary President of the Bahrain Motor Federation.
In the track became the first Grand Prix circuit to be awarded the distinguished (important) FIA Institute Centre of Excellence award. The award was given for having and keeping high race safety and medical facilities.
Construction and design
The track had a special problem. The track was located in the middle of a desert. There were concerns that sand would blow onto the track and disrupt the race. Organizers (the people who run the race) were able to keep the sand off the track by spraying an adhesive (glue) on the sand around the track.
The surface of the track has a high level of grip. The same surface is used at the Yas Marina Circuit for the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix.
Series hosted
The Bahrain International Circuit hosts a number of races, including the FIA Formula One World Championship, the Australian V8 Supercar Championship Series, the GP2 Series, GP2 Asia, Chevrolet Lumina Series, Speedcar Series, Thunder Arabia and Radical.
In the past the track has hosted the FIA GT Championship, and a one-time Bahrain Superprix involving Formula Three cars, following from the failure of the Korea Super Prix. The first Formula BMW World Final took place in Bahrain. Every year there is the 24 Hours of Bahrain race.
Bahrain Grand Prix
The first Bahrain Grand Prix took place on 4 April 2004, making history as the first Formula One Grand Prix to be held in the Middle East. Other countries, including Egypt, Lebanon and the United Arab Emirates wanted to host the Formula One Grand Prix.
The Bahrain Grand Prix is usually the third race on the Formula One schedule. In the 2006 season, Bahrain traded places with the usual first race, the Australian Grand Prix. The Australian Grand Prix date was changed to avoid interfering with the Commonwealth Games. In, Bahrain was moved to the fourth race on the schedule. In, Bahrain was the first race of the season. For 2010, the Formula One cars raced on the full 6.299 km "Endurance Circuit".
Starting in 2011, Formula One will return to the original track layout. This is the layout that was used in 2004.
Mary of Bethany
Mary of Bethany is a person described in the Bible. She is the sister of Martha and Lazarus in the Gospels of the New Testament. She lived in the village of Bethany.
Masato Harasaki
Masato Harasaki (born 13 August 1974) is a former Japanese football player.
Rigoberta Menchú
Rigoberta Menchú Tum (born 9 January 1959) is a Guatemalan political and human rights activist. Menchú is known for her life to publicizing the rights of Guatemala's indigenous feminists during and after the Guatemalan Civil War (1960–1996), and to promoting indigenous rights in the country.
She received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1992 and the Prince of Asturias Award in 1998. Menchú is a UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador. She has also become a figure in indigenous political parties and ran for President of Guatemala in 2007 and 2011.
Masato Harasaki
Club career statistics
227||22||14||2||20||0||261||24 227||22||14||2||20||0||261||24
Eyvind Johnson
Eyvind Johnson (29 July 1900 – 25 August 1976) was a Swedish novelist and short story writer. He became a member of the Swedish Academy in 1957 and shared the Nobel Prize in Literature with Harry Martinson in 1974 with the citation: for a narrative art, far-seeing in lands and ages, in the service of freedom.
Nina Andreyeva
Andreyeva died in St. Petersburg, Russia on 24 July 2020 at the age of 81.
Akara
Acarajé is a type of fritter made from cowpeas. It is the most popular street food in the north eastern state of Brazil, Bahia. The recipe for acarajé was introduced to Bahia by slaves who came from Yorùbáland during the colonial period. In Nigeria acarajé is named Akara, and the women who sell it call out "Akara je", which means "Come and eat Akara" in Yoruba. So when freed Yorùbá slaves started to sell acarajé on the streets, they used the same technique and Brazilians assumed that they were selling acarajé.
Acarajé is made with black-eyed peas, garlic, ginger and salt, then deep fried in dende - a reddish oil from the palm fruit. When done, they are split in half and filled with vatapá, caruru, fried shrimp, salad and pepper. Brazilians modified the recipe from Nigeria a little and started to fill the acarajé with other afro-Brazilian foods. In Nigeria, none of the Brazilian accompaniments are served; just the bean cake is eaten, fried with palm oil or vegetable oil.
Acarajé are served on the streets by women who call themselves baiana do acarajé. They wear traditional clothes, white flowing dresses, sometimes turbans and colorful necklaces related to the rituals of the Afro-Brazilian religion Candomblé. In Nigeria, however, there is no ceremony and the women who sell Akara wear whatever they like. Nowadays, these baianas sell acarajé as a way of life and it’s something that helps to sustain their families.
In 2004, acarajé was declared part of Brazil's heritage culture in the region of Bahia. It's one of the most important symbols of the culture of Bahia and it's enjoyed by all types of tourists. They are delighted by the taste, color and relaxing way of eating acarajé on the streets.
History
Acarajé was specially made when a person dies at the age of 70 or above. It was usually fried in large quantities and given to every household that was related to the person who died. Acarajé was also to be made in large quantities when warriors won a war. The wives of the warriors were to fry acarajé and give it to all the people in the village.
Acarajé, a recipe taken to Brazil by the slaves from the West African coast. It is called "akara" by the Yoruba people of south-western Nigeria and by the people of Sierra Leone. It is called "kosai" by the Hausa people of Nigeria. It is called "koose" in Ghana. It is eaten with millet or corn pudding. In Nigeria, akara is usually eaten with bread, ogi, which is a type of cornmeal made with fine corn flour.
Organizational founder
In terms of a company or organization, a founder refers to the person responsible for starting an entity.
In a company, this is usually the first person to come up with the name, register the business, and take care of the first year of operations.
Akara
History
In Sierra Leone, akara is made up of rice flour, mashed banana, baking powder, and sugar. After mixing the ingredients together, it is dropped in oil by hand, and fried. It is then formed into a ball. Akara is usually made for events like Pulnado (event held due to the birth of a child), a wedding, funeral, or party.
In Brazil
Acarajé sold on the street in Brazil are made with fried beef, mutton, dried shrimp, pigweed, fufu, osun sauce, and coconut. Today in Bahia, most street vendors who sell acarajé are women. They first started selling acarajé in the 19th century. The money gotten from selling acarajé were used to buy the freedom of enslaved family members until slavery was banned in Brazil in 1888. Selling acarajé served as a source of family income. The city now has more than 500 acarajé vendors.
Certificate of origin
Certificate of Origin (abbreviated as C/O or CO) is a document used in trade between countries. Certificate of Origin gives information about the manufacturing country and required by the Customs department of the importing country to clear the items upon arrival. It is issued by the Chamber of Commerce of the exporting country.
Preferential certificate of origin
Used when trade take place according to free trade agreements between countries. This is required to get the benefits according to the free trade agreement. The certificate will include the country of origin and the name of trade agreement.
Non-preferential certificate of origin
This is required to get the items cleared from the customs by proving the items are not from a country that is banned from importing. The certificate will include the country of origin but bot the name of the trade agreement.
Nôm
Nôm is a script formerly used in Vietnam. It involved the use of Chinese characters to write Vietnamese. The Van Ban bell, engraved in 1076, has the earliest known example of a Nôm inscription. The earliest surviving Nôm literature dates from the 13th century. The script was in common use until the 1920s. It was replaced by the Vietnamese alphabet. The Vietnamese alphabet is a form of the Latin alphabet.
Classical Chinese was used by the royal court and for other official purposes. The Temple of Literature in Hanoi was the best-known school for the study of Chinese. Students who passed the civil service examinations could go on to become magistrates. Confucian scholars saw Chinese as the language of education and looked down on Nôm, while popular opinion favored Nôm. Only a small percentage of the population was literate in any language, but nearly every village had at least one person who could read Nôm.
In Nôm, a Vietnamese word can be written using a Chinese character for a word with a similar meaning or pronunciation. Each character represents an idea. Such characters are called "ideographs." In addition, each character represents a syllable, or sound. Because traditional characters have this dual property, nearly every syllable in modern Vietnamese has acquired a semantic meaning. Like Chinese, Vietnamese is a tonal language. Since the issue of tone does not arise for Japanese or Korean, native phonetic scripts could develop for these languages without this complicating factor.
Sino-Vietnamese characters were eventually displaced by an alphabetic script. Unlike alphabets used elsewhere, the Vietnamese alphabet has marks to indicate tone. In contrast to South Korea and Japan, modern Vietnam does not require students to study the traditional characters. Fewer than 100 scholars worldwide can read Nôm. Vietnamese literature written in Nôm, including classics like Tale of Kieu and the poetry of Ho Xuan Huong, can now be read only in translation. However, character calligraphy remains popular as a home decoration and as a symbol of good luck. The Han-Nom Institute, founded in 1970, collects and studies relevant manuscripts. The Nôm Ideographs were added to Unicode in 2001. Unicode is an international electronic encoding standard.
Language issues
Chinese characters are used to write various languages in China and elsewhere, including Mandarin, the most widely spoken language in China, Cantonese, spoken in Hong Kong and southern China, and Classical Chinese, traditionally used for formal writing. The characters were formerly used in Korea and in Vietnam. Japan uses a mix of Chinese characters and native phonetic script. Even characters that retain their original meaning in all languages may be read in various ways. The character 十 is given as shí in Chinese romanization (pinyin), jū in Japanese romanization (Hepburn), sip in Korean romanization (Revised Romanization), and thập in the Han-Viet system used in Vietnam. In all these languages, the meaning of the character is “ten.”
Syntax
Modifiers normally come before the noun in Chinese, but follow the noun in vernacular Vietnamese. Chinese texts published in Vietnam often included a line-by-line translation into Nôm. Even when the same characters appear in both languages, the order is different. Many Chinese phrases gained currency as loan words. Later, the word order could be reversed to correspond to normal Vietnamese syntax. The word "Vietnam" is from Chinese Nányuè (南越), meaning “Southern Yue”. In Han-Viet, the same characters are read as Nam Việt. The word order was reversed in modern times. In Chinese, the phrase “Chinese characters” is written 漢字. This is romanized as hànzì in pinyin, kanji in Japanese, hanja in Korean, and Hán tự in Han-Viet. In modern Vietnamese, they are chữ Hán.
Character construction
The majority of the characters used in Nôm are of Chinese origin and are composed phonosemantically. For example, the character "喃" is read as "Nôm", whose phonetic component "南" similar to the Cantonese pronunciation Naam4 and means “chattering.” This rule is consistent in all Chu Nôm characters as all Vietnamese made characters are composed using this method. The word "Nôm" does not have any negative connotation in Vietnamese, but rather suggests plain talk, something easy to understand.
Nôm includes thousands of characters not found in Chinese. In contrast, Japan developed only a few hundred kokuji, Korea just a handful of rarely used gukja. These characters were created by authors who combined pre-existing elements. One element, called the semantic component, indicates the character's meaning, either pictographically or ideographically. The other element, called the phonetic component, gives pronunciation. For example, the reading ba is indicated by the character. In Mandarin, this character has the same pronunciation as in Vietnamese, but it's meaning is unrelated: "to long for." For the character (⿺巴三), the character 三 which means "three" is added as the semanic component. "Father" is also ba, but written as (⿱父巴). "Turtle" is con ba ba (⿰虫巴). Most Chinese characters were created by the same method. As the correspondence between sound and meaning is compounded in Vietnamese created characters than it is in Chinese characters, the same approach resulted in two distinctions between Nôm characters; chữ Nôm (字喃; native characters) and Hán Nôm (漢喃; Han characters).
Of the 9,299 Nôm Ideographs, nearly half are specific to Vietnam. Each character has a codepoint assigned by Unicode. The characters for the V0, V1, and V2 sets were extracted from two Nôm dictionaries published in the 1970s. The V3 characters were extracted from manuscripts.
History
Chinese characters were introduced to Vietnam after the Han Empire conquered the country in 111 BC. Independence was achieved in 939, but the Chinese writing system was adopted for official purposes in 1010. Vietnamese began to use Chinese characters to write in their own language at about this time. The Van Ban bell, engraved in 1076, is the earliest known example of a Nôm inscription. Nguyen Thuyen composed Nôm poetry in the 13th century. However, none of his work has survived. The oldest surviving Nôm text is the collected poetry of King Tran Nhan Tong, written in the 13th century. Many Nôm documents were destroyed by the Chinese during the Ming occupation of 1407-1428. Nguyen Trai (1380–1442) wrote both Chinese and Nôm literature in the 15th century. Trinh Thi Ngoc Truc, consort of King Le Than Tong, is credited with a 24,000-character bilingual Chinese-to-Vietnamese dictionary written in the 17th century.
Unlike Chinese, Nôm was not studied or classified systematically for most of its history. Vietnamese authors who had studied Chinese applied the principles of Chinese writing to their native language. Although official records were generally kept in Chinese, Nôm was used under two short-lived dynasties, the Ho dynasty (1400-1407) and the Tay Son (1778–1802). King Minh Mang (1820-1841) opposed literacy and the use of Nôm. In 1838, Jean-Louis Taberd wrote a Nôm dictionary that eventually gained general acceptance and wide circulation. In 1867, Catholic scholar Nguyen Truong To petitioned King Tu Duc to replace Classical Chinese with Nôm in official usage. The king did not consent to this, but he did respond with various efforts to promote Nôm. A decree was issued entitled "Please respect quốc âm [the national voice]."
Pakistan Army
The Pakistan Army (پاک فوج) is the largest branch of the Pakistani military set up, and is mainly responsible for protection of the state borders, the security of administered territories and for defending the national interests of Pakistan within the framework of its international obligations.
Nôm
History
In the 19th century, there was a flowering of popular literature written in Nôm, including such classics as Nguyen Du's The Tale of Kieu and the poetry of Ho Xuan Huong. Although only 3 to 5 percent of the population was literate, nearly every village had someone who could read Nôm aloud for the benefit of other villagers.
In Korea and Japan, the traditional writing system was simplified so it could be taught to the general public. Vietnam's educated class looked down on Nôm as inferior to Chinese, so it was not interested in doing the work required to simplify and standardize the system so that it could be used for mass communication.
Pakistan Army
Armoured Corps units include:
Premier of Ontario
The Premier of Ontario is the head of the government of Ontario, Canada. The premier is appointed by the Lieutenant Governor of Ontario. He or she is the head of the Executive Council of Ontario. The premier is usually the leader of the largest party in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.
Pakistan Army
The Pakistan Army, along with the Pakistan Navy and the Pakistan Air Force, combine to make the world's sixth largest military force.
Premier of Ontario
The first premier of Ontario was John Sandfield Macdonald. He was premier from 1867 to 1871. The current premier is Doug Ford.
Here is a list of people who have been Premier of Ontario since Confederation (the creation of Canada) in 1867:
Nôm
History
Like Chinese, Vietnamese is a tonal language. It has nearly 5,000 distinct syllables, far more than other East Asian language do. Phonetic scripts used elsewhere, including hangul in Korea and kana in Japan, do not indicate tone, so they cannot be applied to the Vietnamese language. As in Chinese, a semantic meaning is attributed to every syllable. This characteristic of the language may be can considered a result of the traditional writing system.
Beginning in the late 19th century, the French colonial authorities promoted the use of the Vietnamese alphabet, which they viewed as a stepping stone toward learning French. Language reform in other Asian nations stimulated Vietnamese interest in the subject. Following the Russo-Japanese War of 1905, Japan was often cited as a model for Asian modernization. Nationalists embraced the alphabet as quốc ngữ (the national language), and as a tool for promoting literacy. The Confucian education system was compared unfavorably to the Japanese system of public education. Nationalist writer Phan Boi Chau encouraged the young to "study in the East," meaning Japan.
The popularity of Hanoi's short-lived Tonkin Free School suggested that broad reform was possible. In 1910, the colonial school system adopted a "Franco-Vietnamese curriculum," which emphasized French and alphabetic Vietnamese. The teaching of Sino-Vietnamese characters was discontinued in 1917. On December 28, 1918, King Khai Dinh declared that the traditional writing system no longer had official status. The civil service exam was given for the last time at the imperial capital of Hue on January 4, 1919. This exam tested knowledge of Chinese. The examination system, and the education system based on it, had been in effect for almost 900 years. China itself abandoned Classical Chinese soon afterward as part of the May Fourth Movement.
In the 1920s, the Vietnamese alphabet became the country’s dominant writing system. By the 1930s, the use of Sino-Vietnamese characters was largely restricted to books with limited woodbock printings intended for the Buddhist clergy. In more recent times, the traditional characters have been used mainly in calligraphy, such as wedding decorations. In 2012, manuscripts in Classical Chinese were translated to support Vietnam's claim to the Paracel Islands.
Most common characters
The following are the twenty five most common characters in Nôm literature. The modern spelling is given in italics.
Fonts
Some characters in this article may require the installation of an additional font to display properly:
Vayots Dzor Province
Vayots Dzor is a province of Armenia. It is in the south-east of the country. It borders Azerbaijan in the east. There were 53,230 people in 2002. The capital is Yeghegnadzor. The name means "Valley of Woes". This is because there were many bad earthquakes in the area.
There are 3 urban communities and 41 rural communities.
Hilary Mantel
Dame Hilary Mary Mantel (born Thompson; 6 July 1952 – 22 September 2022) was a British writer. Her first published novel, Every Day Is Mother's Day, was released in 1985. She wrote 12 novels, two collections of short stories, a personal memoir, and many articles and opinion pieces.
Mantel won the Booker Prize twice: the first was for her 2009 novel Wolf Hall and the second was for its 2012 sequel Bring Up the Bodies. The third novel of the trilogy, The Mirror and the Light, was nominated for the same prize.
Mantel was hospitalized in Exeter, Devon after having a stroke on 19 September 2022. She died three days later at the hospital at the age of 70.
Ranst
Ranst is a municipality in the Belgian province of Antwerp.
It is at 51° 11 North, 04° 33 East.
Shehan Karunatilaka
Shehan Karunatilaka (born 1975) is a Sri Lankan writer. His first novel was Chinaman: The Legend of Pradeep Mathew and it won the Commonwealth Prize. His second novel The Seven Moons of Maali Almeida won the 2022 Booker Prize.
List of lighthouses in Spain
This is a list of lighthouses in Spain.
Coșoveni
Coşoveni is a commune found in Dolj County, Romania.
Yoko Takahagi
Biography
Takahagi was born on April 17, 1969. She played for Shinko Seiko FC Clair.
On January 21, 1986, when Takahagi was 16 years old, she debuted for the Japan national team against India. She played at 1986, 1989 and 1991 AFC Championship. She also played at 1990 Asian Games. She was a member of Japan for 1991 World Cup. She played 31 games for Japan until 1991.
Wahhabi
Wahhabi (Al-Wahhābīyyaالوهابية) or Wahhabism is the conservative form of Sunni Islam practised in Saudi Arabia and Qatar. People think Muhammad ibn Abd-al-Wahhab, an 18th century scholar, started this belief. He wanted to see a return to the practices of the first three generations of Islamic history.
Some definitions or uses of the term Wahhabi Islam include:
Ravels
Ravels is a municipality in the Belgian province of Antwerp.
In 2007, 14020 people lived there.
It is at 51° 22 North, 04° 59 East.
Fessenheim
Fessenheim is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.
List of Hot 100 number-one singles of the 1970s (U.S.)
This article is about the American Billboard Hot 100 chart held during the 1970s.
The Billboard Hot 100 chart is the main song chart of the American music industry and is updated every week by the Billboard magazine. During the 1970s the chart was based collectively on each single's weekly physical sales figures and airplay on American radio stations.
By artist
The following artists achieved four or more number-one hits during the 1970s.
Artists by total number of weeks at number-one
The following artists were featured in top of the chart for the highest total number of weeks during the 1970s.
Songs by total number of weeks at number-one
The following songs were featured in top of the chart for the highest total number of weeks during the 1970s.
Rebecq
Rebecq is a municipality in the Belgian province of Walloon Brabant.
In 2007, 10255 people lived there. It is at 50° 39 North, 04° 08 East.
Marthe Mercadier
Marthe Mercadier (23 October 1928 – 15 September 2021) was a French actress. She was known for her roles as Une in Three Telegrams (1950), Simone in The Night Is My Kingdom (1951) and as Annette in Rendezvous in Grenada (1951).
Lodi Gyari Rinpoche
Lodi Gyaltsen Gyari (25 August 1949 – 29 October 2018) was a Tibetan diplomat. He was the special envoy to the 14th Dalai Lama in the United States. He was the Tibetan Ambassador to the United States at the time of his death. He was born in Lhasa, Tibet. Rinpoche co-founded the Tibetan Youth Congress. He became and the Executive Chairman of the Board of the International Campaign for Tibet (ICT).
Marthe Mercadier
Mercadier died on 15 September 2021 in Puteaux, France from problems caused by Alzheimer's disease at the age of 92.
Lodi Gyari Rinpoche
Rinpoche died in a San Francisco, California hospital from liver cancer on October 29, 2018, aged 69.
Satoshi Ōtomo
Satoshi Ōtomo (born 1 October 1981) is a retired Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
210||18||15||0||5||1||230||19 210||18||15||0||5||1||230||19
Rezső Nyers
Rezső Nyers (21 March 1923 – 22 June 2018) was a former Hungarian politician. He served as Minister of Finance of Hungary from 1960 to 1962. For a few months in 1989, he was the country's last Communist leader serving as President of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party. Nyers died on 22 June 2018 at the age of 95 after a short illness.
Talk (Coldplay song)
"Talk" is the third single off British alternative rock band Coldplay's third studio album X&Y. The song was released on 19 December 2005. The song is build around a motif by Kraftwerk's "Computer Love". The song and the "Thin White Duke" remix were both nominated for Grammy Awards in 2007. The remix won the Grammy Award for Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical.
Hacène Lalmas
Hacène Lalmas (12 March 1943 – 7 July 2018) was an Algerian footballer. He played as a midfielder and was nicknamed El Kebch (The Ram). Lalmas was born in Algiers, Algeria. He played for OM Ruisseau from 1954 to 1962, CR Belouizdad from 1962 to 1973, NA Hussein Dey from 1973 to 1975 and for Algeria national football team from 1963 to 1974.
Derrick Sherwin
Derrick Sherwin (16 April 1936 – 17 October 2018) was an English television producer, writer, story editor and actor. He was born in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire. He became the story editor on Doctor Who and, as the producer of the series in 1969. He also co-produced Paul Temple for the BBC.
Hacène Lalmas
Lalmas died in Algiers on 7 July 2018 from an aortic dissection at the age of 75.
Derrick Sherwin
Sherwin was also a movie actor with his only movie role was as "No. 1" in the 1968 comedy movie The Vengeance of She.
Sherwin died on 17 October 2018 from a long-illness at the age of 82.
Unary function
A unary function is a function that takes just a single argument. In contrast, a function that takes more than one argument is called a polyadic function.
Žana Lelas
Žana Lelas (28 May 1970 – 15 September 2021) was a Croatian professional basketball player. She represented Yugoslavia and Croatia. She won a silver medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
Unary function
This description of a function's arguments is known as its arity.
Wyoming Seminary
Wyoming Seminary is a Methodist college in Kingston, Pennsylvania. It started in 1844..
Jim Morrison (ice hockey)
James Stewart Hunter Morrison (born October 11, 1931) is a Canadian-American retired professional ice hockey defenceman, coach and scout. He was born in Montreal, Quebec. He played 704 National Hockey League games for the Boston Bruins, Toronto Maple Leafs, Detroit Red Wings, New York Rangers and Pittsburgh Penguins.
Memphis Depay
Memphis Depay (born 13 February 1994), also known simply as Memphis, is a Dutch rapper and professional footballer who plays as a forward for Barcelona and the Netherlands national team.
His first professional club was PSV Eindhoven, where, he became an important part of the team, scoring 50 goals in 124 games in all competitions. He was the Eredivisie's top scorer during the 2014–15 season. He scored 22 goals in 30 games, and helped the team win the Eredivisie title. He also won the Dutch Footballer of the Year and "Best Young Player" during the same season. Memphis joined Manchester United in June 2015 for £25 million. He then joined Lyon in January 2017. After four seasons there, he joined Barcelona in 2021 on a free transfer.
Memphis has played in every national team, from youth to senior. He was part of the Netherlands under-17 team and won the 2011 European Championship. He played his first national team game in 2013 and then next year he was a part of the Netherlands squad at the 2014 FIFA World Cup, and finished third. He also played in the UEFA Euro 2020.
Honours
PSV Eindhoven
Netherlands U17
Netherlands
Individual
Eustace Roskill, Baron Roskill
He was known for the Roskill Commission to find a suitable location for the 3rd London Airport, which he recommended Cublington in Buckinghamshire.
Champagney, Doubs
Champagney is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.
Arity
For example, a "nullary" function doesn't take any, a "unary" function takes one, a "binary" function takes two, and so on.
Tenri, Nara
Tenri (天理市) is a Japanese city in Nara Prefecture on the island of Honshū.
History
The Isonokami Shrine is in Tenri. A town grew up around the shrine.
Sidney Prescott
Sidney Prescott is a fictional character and the primary protagonist of the Scream franchise. The character was created by Kevin Williamson. She is played by Canadian actress Neve Campbell. She first appeared in Scream (1996) followed by six sequels: Scream 2 (1997), Scream 3 (2000), Scream 4 (2011), Scream (2022), Scream VI (2023; mentioned only) & Scream VII (2024)Reel Views 2: The Ultimate Guide to the Best 1,000 Modern Movies on DVD and Video by James Berardinelli, Roger Ebert; Published by Justin, Charles & Co., 2005; ISBN 1-932112-40-5, ISBN 978-1-932112-40-5. and Scream 4 (2011).
The character appears in the Scream movies as the target of a series of killers who adopt the Ghostface persona.
Kevin Großkreutz
Kevin Großkreutz (born 19 July 1988) is a former German footballer. He could play as a right-back or a winger.
International
Germany
Grid plan
A grid plan is the first basic plan in urban planning. It was developed in ancient Greece. It is a type of city plan in which streets run at right angles to each other, forming a grid. In ancient Rome a grid plan method of land measurement was called a centuriation.
Web of the City
Web of the City (first called Rumble) is the first book that was written by Harlan Ellison. The book follows the story of Rusty Santoro, a teenage member of the Cougars street gang in the 1950s Brooklyn, New York. In order to create the book, Ellison spent time in a real street gang in Brooklyn.
Levko Lukyanenko
Levko Hryhorovych Lukyanenko (Левко́ Григо́рович Лук'я́ненко, sometimes written as Levko Lukianenko, 24 August 1928 – 7 July 2018) was a Ukrainian politician and Soviet dissident. He was Hero of Ukraine. He was one of the founders of Ukrainian Helsinki Group in 1976 and was elected a leader of the revived Ukrainian Helsinki Group, Ukrainian Helsinki Association, in 1988.
Career
Lukyanenko served as the People's Deputy of Ukraine from 1990 to 1992 and as Ambassador to Canada from 1992 to 1993. In 1991, he ran for President of Ukraine.
Amniote
The amniotes are a taxonomic group of animals: all the tetrapods except the amphibians.
Coțofenii din Dos
Coţofenii din Dos is a commune found in Dolj County, Romania.
Amniote
Two super-groups make up the amniotes: the Synapsida (Pelycosaurs, Theriodonts and mammals) and the Sauropsida (all reptiles, including dinosaurs and birds).
The embryos of amniotes are either laid as eggs or develop in the female. These embyros are protected by several membranes, and have a much larger food supply than amphibian eggs.
Time (Pink Floyd song)
Time is a 1973 song by Pink Floyd. It is on their famous album The Dark Side of the Moon. It is the fourth track on the album.
Amniote
The 'invention' of the cleidoic egg, and its embryonic membranes, is the main reason why the eggs of an amniote do not need to be laid in water.
Thus, as distinct from the amphibians, amniotes are truly terrestrial. Secondarily, many reptiles and mammals returned to water, and mammals bear the young live, as do some reptile groups. This evolutionary flexibility is much less common in amphibians.
Evolutionary history
The first amniotes, such as Casineria, looked like small lizards. They evolved about 340 million years ago, in the Mississippian or Lower Carboniferous. Their eggs could survive out of the water. This let amniotes move into environments that had less water. The amniotes moved across the Earth. Most vertebrates that live on land are amniotes, as are most of the air-breathing animals of the sea.
Very early in the evolutionary history of amniotes, they split into two main lines, the synapsids and the sauropsids, both of which persist into the modern era.
Brown bear
The brown bear (Ursus arctos) is a large bear living in much of northern Eurasia and North America. It is smaller than the polar bear, but is the largest carnivore which lives entirely on the land. There are several recognized subspecies.
Amniote
Evolutionary history
The oldest known fossil synapsid is Protoclepsydrops from about 320 million years ago, while the oldest known sauropsid is probably Paleothyris, in the order Captorhinida, from the Middle Pennsylvanian epoch (about 306–312 million years ago).
Eggs
One can assume the ancestors of the amniotes laid their eggs in moist places, as such modest-sized animals would not have difficulty finding depressions under fallen logs or other suitable places in the ancient forests, and dry conditions were probably not the main reason why the soft shell emerged.
Brown bear
The brown bear's range has shrunk, but it is still listed as a least concern species by the IUCN. Its total population is about 200,000. As of 2012, this and the American black bear are the only bear species not classified as threatened by the IUCN. However, many of the southern Asian subspecies are highly endangered. The smallest subspecies, the Himalayan brown bear, is critically endangered. It lives in just 2% of its former range, and poachers hunt it for its parts. The Marsican brown bear in central Italy is believed to have a population of just 30 to 40 bears.
Amniote
Eggs
In fish and amphibians there is only one inner membrane, also called an embryonic membrane. In amniotes the inner anatomy of the egg has evolved further and new structures have developed to take care of the gas exchanges between the embryo and the atmosphere, as well as dealing with the waste problems. To grow a thicker and tougher shell required new ways to supply the embryo with oxygen, as diffusion alone was not enough.
Brown bear
The brown bear's main range includes parts of Russia, Central Asia, China, Canada, the United States (mostly Alaska), Scandinavia and the Carpathian region (especially Romania), Anatolia, and Caucasus. The brown bear is a national and state animal in several European countries. It is the most widely distributed of all bears. Brown bears are omnivores. Brown bears are apex predators. They eat berries, apples, honey, fish, insects, worms, nuts, grasses, leaves, carrion, rodents and rabbits. Brown bears even eat hoofed animals such as deer, moose, reindeer, bison and sheeps.
Amniote
Eggs
After the egg developed these structures, further sophistication allowed amniotes to lay much bigger eggs in much drier habitats. Bigger eggs allowed for bigger offspring, and bigger adults could produce bigger eggs, so amniotes grew bigger than their ancestors. Real growth was not possible, however, until they stopped relying on small invertebrates as their main food source and started to eat plants or other vertebrates, or returned to the water. New habits and heavier bodies meant further evolution for the amniotes, both in behavior and anatomy.
UTC+04:00
UTC+04:00 makes clocks 4 hours later than Greenwich Mean Time. These are the places who are on the UTC−04:00 time zone.
Amniote
Three groups
The skeletal remains of amniotes have at least two pairs of sacral ribs, a sternum in the pectoral girdle (shoulders area) and an astragalus bone in the ankle.
Classification
A simplified phylogeny of tetrapods goes like this:
This is perhaps better than the older taxonomy, which lists recent branches like birds and mammals as classes on mere traditional grounds.
Southeastern (train company)
SE Trains Limited, trading as Southeastern is a train operating company in southeast England owned by DfT OLR Holdings for the Department for Transport, On 17 October 2021, it became the franchisee for the South Eastern franchise, overtaking the company owned Southeastern. It serves the commuter routes to south-east London, most of Kent, and parts of East Sussex.