cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Kinkajou
The kinkajou is a mammal of the family Procyonidae and it is related to the raccoon, coati, olingo, raingtail and cacomistle. It lives in the rainforests of South America and Central America, and spends most of its time on trees. It can eat both meat and plants and has a gripping tail that can be used like an arm. It is an endangered species because it is being hunted for its fur, meat and to be illegally sold as pets.
Tikhon Khrennikov
Tikhon Khrennikov (born Yelets, Russian Empire, 10 June 1913; died Moscow, 14 August 2007) was a Russian musician. He was a composer and pianist He got involved in the musical politics of his country, which was then the Soviet Union. A lot of people hated him, especially in western countries. He is particularly remembered for what he did at the unpleasant conference in 1948, when some of the most famous Soviet composers, including Shostakovich and Prokofiev, were made to say they were sorry for the music they had written and that they would compose better music in future.
Kinkajou
Appearance
Although kinkajous may look like monkeys, lemurs, koalas, opossums, bears or ferrets, they are not related to those animals. An adult kinkajou's weight is between 1-3 kg (3-7 lb). Its body can grow up to 43-56 cm long (17-22 in) and its tail usually measures between 16-22 cm (41- 56 in). The kinkajou has woolly fur consisting of an outer golden (brownish-gray) coat and another gray coat underneath.
Tikhon Khrennikov
In the days of the Soviet Union, and especially under Stalin, musicians had to be very careful about what they did and how they composed. Music, like all arts, was supposed to make people feel that they were lucky to be living in a great country like the Soviet Union. If composers wrote music that the politicians did not like or understand, life became very difficult for them: they would not be allowed to compose, and their music could not be performed. They might even be sent to prison. Tikhon Khrennikov became Secretary to the Union of Soviet Composers in 1948, at the time when Stalin was dictator. He continued in this job until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. He made sure that all musicians obeyed their political leaders.
It is difficult for us today to judge the actions of Khrennikov fairly. He survived because he did what he was told by Soviet dictators. After the collapse of the Soviet Union he tried to say he was sorry for what he did. It is difficult to judge whether he really meant this.
Life and career
Tikhon Khrennikov was the youngest of ten children, born into a family of horse traders, in the town of Yelets in the Russian province of Lipetsk in central Russia. His family started to teach him the guitar and mandolin. When he was nine he started learning the piano, and when he was 13 he started composing. Three years later he was sent to the Gnesin Academy of Music, studying with the composer Mikhail Gnesin. In 1932 he went on to the Moscow Conservatoire. He studied composition with Vissarion Shebalin and piano with the famous teacher Heinrich Neuhauss who was later the teacher of Emil Gilels and Sviatoslav Richter.
His early works include a symphony, a piano concerto, and an opera based on the book Into the Storm which was based on a novel Loneliness, a favourite book of Stalin. His music was always happy and energetic. He wrote music for 22 films and many patriotic songs. He did everything he could to please Stalin, and soon he became Secretary of the Union of Soviet Composers.
In 1948 he headed a conference at which Shostakovich, Prokofiev, Myaskovsky and Shebalin (who had been his teacher), were told that they were bad “formalists”. The word “formalist” has no meaning in music, but it was used by the politicians to describe anyone who was not obeying the politicians’ guidelines. Khrennikov said at the conference that “we will stop all manifestations of formalism and popular decadence".
Shostakovich had given Khrennikov some friendly advice about his opera Into the Storm, but Khrennikov had been angry about being criticized and now he could get his own back. Shostakovich made satirical remarks about Khrennikov in an opera Rayok which he never showed to anyone and was found amongst his papers after his death in 1975.
After the fall of the Soviet Union Khrennikov published a book That’s the Way It Was. In this book he says that everybody had to obey political rules and he was only doing what everyone else did. However, he then wrote some bad things about Shostakovich. Khrennikov had also been an enemy of the composer Alfred Schnittke. He banned his music from being played, and was furious when it was performed in other countries. He also banned music by other composers who have now become famous such as Sofia Gubaidulina and Viktor Suslin.
Khrennikov was, however, not all bad. He supported Shostakovich and Prokofiev for getting the Stalin Prizes in the 1950s. He also invited Stravinsky, who had been exiled to the United States, to revisit the Soviet Union in 1962.
When he was in his eighties, Khrennikov continued to compose many comic operas, operettas and ballets. They always had tunes that were easy for people to enjoy.
The Soviet state gave him many prizes for the work he did: three Stalin Prizes, a State Prize of the USSR and a Lenin Prize. Before his death he was even given an award by Vladimir Putin, which makes it seem as if Russia might be returning to its past values.
He died in Moscow aged 94.
Flags of Brazilian states
This gallery of flags of Brazilian states shows the flags of the 26 Brazilian States and the federal district.
pt:Anexo:Lista de bandeiras do Brasil
Suseok
Suseok (수석) is the Korean term for small naturally occurring or shaped rocks which are traditionally valued. They are similar to Chinese scholar's rocks.
Final Fantasy X
Final Fantasy X is a fantasy role-playing video game made by Square Enix. It is the 10th game in the Final Fantasy video game series. The game was released in 2001, and is the first Final Fantasy game that was made for the Sony PlayStation 2 video game console.
Suseok
Suseok can be any color. There are a wide variety of sizes. Suseok can weigh hundreds of pounds or less than one pound. The term also means stones which are placed in traditional Korean gardens.
History
Chinese scholar's rocks influenced the development of suseok in Korea.
Evaluation
The evaluation of suseok recognizes color, shape, markings and surface.
Krems-Land
Municipalities
Suburbs, hamlets and other subdivisions of a municipality are indicated in small characters.
Suiseki
Suiseki (水石) is the Japanese term for small naturally occurring or shaped rocks which are traditionally appreciated. They are similar to Chinese scholar's rocks.
History
Chinese scholar's rocks influenced the development of suiseki in Japan. The history of suiseki in Japan begins during the reign of Empress Suiko. The small objects were brought to Japan as gifts from the Chinese Imperial court.
Evaluation
The evaluation of suiseki recognizes color, shape, markings and surface. According to Hideo Marushima (丸島秀夫) in The History of Suiseki in Japan (日本愛石史), "It is not a silly thing at all to enjoy a stone in a tray. I see the whole world in a tiny stone. Some objects in this world are huge, and others are small, and they come in all shapes, but they are not that different when you look at their essence." Some types of suiseki suggest a mountain, a waterfall, an island, a thatched hut or an animal.
Final Fantasy XII
Final Fantasy XII is a fantasy role-playing video game for the Playstation 2. It was released in 2006 by Square Enix.
Characters
Final Fantasy XII has six characters you can play as: Vaan, an orphan who wants to be a sky pirate; Ashe, a princess; Basch, who is charged with killing the King; Balthier, a sky pirate who has an airship called the Strahl; Fran, Balthier's friend and Penelo, who has been Vaan's "friend" since they were little children.
Story
Final Fantasy XII takes place in Dalmasca. Princess Ashe of Dalmasca and Prince Rasler of Nabradia had been married for a short time when the Archadian Empire invaded Dalmasca. A war started thereafter, and Archadia took over Dalmasca in no time, for the small country of Dalmasca stood no chance against the massive Archadian Empire. While the war was going on, Prince Rasler died, leaving Princess Ashe alone. The king of Dalmasca, Ashe's father, decided to surrender to Archadia, clinging to dreams of peace. However, Archadia's ruler wanted him dead as soon as the treaty was signed. Knights from Dalmasca tried to rescue him, but one of the captain of the knights, Basch, was replaced by his twin brother, who then killed king Raminas of Dalmasca, and the main character's older brother Reks. Basch's twin brother is a "Judge" who works for Archadia. The real Basch is accused of high treason and is supposedly killed. Princess Ashe went into hiding afterwards, and was deemed dead.
Two years later, Vaan, Reks' little brother, sneaks into the royal palace. When he was sneaking in, there was a banquet going on to celebrate the election of a new Consul, Vayne. Vaan meets the sky pirates Balthier and Fran in the palace as they were trying to steal the same thing he himself had taken. When Resistance forces broke into the palace, Vaan and his new friends had to hide in the waterways beneath the palace. While they were in the sewers, they met the leader of the Resistance, named Amalia.
This led to Vaan, Balthier and Fran getting put into the Nalbina Dungeons. What became of Amalia is yet unknown.
In the dungeons, Vaan, Balthier and Fran, find Basch. The Captain deemed a traitor by the people. They free Basch from the cage he is being held in and they go away from the Nalbina Dungeons to the Barheim Passage far below. There in the Barheim Passage, they fight creatures that can imitate treasure chests called Mimics, and they battle a Mimic Queen. After, the wall collapses, and Balthier, Vaan, Fran and Basch go back into the city of Rabanastre, which is the capital of Dalmasca. There, they learn that Vaan's friend Penelo was kidnapped by a head-hunter who was looking for Balthier. The kidnapper is named Ba'Gamnan, and he has taken Penelo to Bhujerba, a city in the sky. Balthier lets Vaan use his airship, which is like an airplane except different in shape, and they fly to Bhujerba to rescue Penelo
When they get to Bhujerba, they go to the Lhusu Mines. The Lhusu Mines have a lot of magicite, but also have a lot of dangerous monsters. They go inside with a person who calls himself Lamont, and when they get to the end they see Ba'Gamnan. He chases them but does not reach them and they manage to get away safely.
Ernsgaden
Ernsgaden is a municipality in Pfaffenhofen in Bavaria in Germany.
Michelle Pfeiffer
Michelle Marie Pfeiffer (born April 29, 1958) is an American actress who has been nominated for the Oscar three times. Pfeiffer has appeared in movie such as Scarface, The Witches of Eastwick, Dangerous Liaisons, The Fabulous Baker Boys, Batman Returns, Wolf and Hairspray.
Personal life
Since 1981 until 1988 she was married to Peter Horton.
Since November 13, 1993 she has been married to David E. Kelley. They have two children, Claudia Rose Kelley (born in May 1993, was adopted) and son John Henry Kelley (born on August 5, 1994).
2022 Buffalo Bills season
Regular season
Notes
NNDB
NNDB, standing for Notable Names Database, produced by Soylent Communications, is an online database of biographical information of notable people. As of March 2007, NNDB contains more than 60,000 articles for over 22,000 important people. Readers may suggest additions or corrections which are later checked by a NNDB staff member.
Judy Garland
Frances Ethel Gumm, also known by her stage name Judy Garland (born June 10, 1922 – June 22, 1969) was an American actress, singer, dancer and vaudevillian. She is well known for playing the film role of Dorothy Gale in The Wizard of Oz (1939). Garland was famous internationally as an entertainer in musical and dramatic roles, as a recording artist, and on the concert stage. She got a Juvenile Academy Award and won a Golden Globe Award. She also won Grammy Awards and a Special Tony Award. She was nominated for the Academy Award for "Best Actress" for her role in the remake of the 1954 film A Star is Born. She also got a nomination for "Best Supporting Actress" for her performance in the 1961 movie, Judgment at Nuremberg. She was the youngest person to be given the Cecil B. DeMille Award for lifetime achievement in the movie industry.
Garland was in vaudeville with her two older sisters. She was signed to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer as a teenager. She made more than two dozen MGM movies. Nine of these movies co-starred Mickey Rooney. Her most famous MGM movie was The Wizard of Oz of 1939. She worked with MGM for 15 years. She went on to make record-breaking concert appearances.
Garland had personal problems throughout her life. She did not like the way she looked. Her feelings were made worse by movie executives who told her she did not look good. They changed the way she looked physically in movies. She also had financial problems. She often owed hundreds of thousands of dollars in unpaid taxes. She married five times. Her first four marriages ended in divorce. She had a long struggle with alcohol and drug use during most of her career. She died of an accidental drug overdose at the age of 47. She had three children. They are Liza Minnelli, Lorna Luft, and Joey Luft.
In 1997, Garland was given a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award years after her death. Several of her recordings have been sent to the Grammy Hall of Fame. In 1999, the American Film Institute placed her among the ten greatest female stars in the history of American movies.
2017 FIFA U-20 World Cup Final
The 2017 FIFA U-20 World Cup Final was a final that was played on at the Suwon World Cup Stadium, Suwon, South Korea on 11 June 2017. The final was contested by Venezuela and England. England won the match 1–0, winning the title for the first time. This was the first ever final for both England and Venezuela in the history of the tournament.
Background
This was England's first appearance and victory in the final of a global football tournament since their senior World Cup victory in 1966. Their previous best at the U-20 World Cup was third place in 1993.
For Venezuela it was only the second appearance at the U-20 World Cup, previously in 2009 they only managed to go as far as the second round.
Crawford County, Arkansas
Crawford County is a county found in the state of Arkansas. At the 2020 census, 60133 people lived in Crawford County.
Cities and towns
These are the cities and towns of Crawford County:
Final Fantasy V
Final Fantasy V is a medieval fantasy role-playing video game. It is developed and published by Square (now Square Enix). It was first made in 1992 as a part of the Final Fantasy series. The game first appeared only in Japan on Nintendo's Super Famicom. It has been remade with little differences to Sony's PlayStation and Nintendo's Game Boy Advance.
The original video animation produced in 1994 called Final Fantasy: Legend of the Crystals is a sequel to the game. It was released on the PlayStation Network on April 6, 2011 in Japan. The game was released for iPhone and iPad on March 28th, 2013. A version of the game was created for the Nintendo Game Boy Advance in 2006. It has many weapons, items, armors and 22 jobs. Some jobs are secret and can only be unlocked in the GBA version.
The game begins when a wanderer named Bartz investigates a fallen meteor. He meets several characters. One tells him about the danger the four Crystals that control the world's elements. These Crystals act like a seal on Exdeath. Exdeath is an evil magician. Bartz and his friends have to keep the Crystals from being used by Exdeath.
Brossard, Quebec
Brossard is a city near Montreal in the Canadian province of Quebec. Brossard is also near the Saint Lawrence River. About 70,000 people live in the city of Brossard. Paul Leduc is the mayor of Brossard since 2009. Brossard was created on February 14, 1958.
Untergriesbach
Untergriesbach (Untagriasbo) is a municipality in Passau in Bavaria in Germany.
Incorporations
On 1 October 1971, the previously independent municipality Lambsdorf was incorporated. On 1 January 1972 Gottsdorf and Schaibing were added. Oberötzdorf followed on 1 March 1972.
Neunkirchen District, Austria
Bezirk Neunkirchen is a district in Lower Austria, Austria. It is in the south of the state.
Engelbrechtsmünster
Engelbrechtsmünster is a village in Bavaria, Germany, now part of the municipality of Geisenfeld. It is near the Ilm river.
References
Sources
Zadar
Zadar is a small city in Croatia with around 75000 people. It is a city because it has a cathedral, dedicated to Saint Anastasia.
Geisenfeld
Geisenfeld is a town in Pfaffenhofen, in Bavaria, Germany. It is on the river Ilm, 16 km southeast of Ingolstadt.
Justin Fields
Justin Skyler Fields (born March 5, 1999) is an American football quarterback for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL).
Vascular plant
The vascular plants, or tracheophytes, are plants that have specialized tissues for conducting water, minerals, and photosynthetic products through the plant. They include the ferns, clubmosses, horsetails, flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms. They are often called the higher plants.
The vascular plants are set apart in two main ways:
Water transport happens in either xylem or phloem: xylem carries water and inorganic solutes upward toward the leaves from the roots, while phloem carries organic solutes throughout the plant.
Numerical linear algebra
In the field of numerical analysis, numerical linear algebra is an area to study methods to solve problems in linear algebra by numerical computation. The following problems will be considered in this area:
Numerical errors can occur in any kind of numerical computation including the area of numerical linear algebra. Errors in numerical linear algebra are considered in another area called "validated numerics".
Latest Studies
Methods for numerical linear algebra has been created by numerical analysts from many generations. But today, some of them have been rejected due to their computation speed or accuracy. Currently, the following methods are widely investigated: • QZ method
• dqds method (differential quotient difference with shift)
• oqds method (orthogonal quotient difference with shift)
• MRRR method (multiple relatively robust representations)
• MRTR method
Krylov Subspace Methods
In the field of numerical linear algebra, numerical methods based on the theory of Krylov subspaces are known as Krylov subspaces methods. They are considered to be one of the most successful studies in numerical linear algebra. The next list is the examples of them: • MINRES (minimal residual) method
• CR (conjugate residual) method
• QMR type methods
• * QMR (quasi minimal residual) method
• * QMR-SYM method
• * TFQMR (transpose free quasi minimal residual) method
Conjugate Gradient Methods
The conjugate gradient (CG) method is one of the best linear equation solving method. It was originally limited to specific linear systems. In order to overcome this difficulty, many kinds of CG variants have benn created: • CGS (conjugate gradient squared method)
• PCG (preconditioned conjugate gradient method)
• SCG (scaled conjugate gradient)
• ICCG (incomplete Cholesky conjugate gradient method)
• COCG (conjugate orthogonal conjugate gradient method)
• GPBiCG
• Stabilized methods
• * BiCGSTAB (biconjugate gradient stabilized method)
• * BiCGSTAB2
• * QMRCGSTAB
• * GBi-CGSTAB
• Block versions (dividing a given matrix into block matrices is a frequently used technique in numerical linear algebra  )
• * Block CG
• * Block BiCGSTAB
• * Block BiCGGR
• * Block BiCGGR2
• * Block GWBiCGSTAB
Validated Numerics for Numerical Linear Algebra
While high accuracy and high speed methods in above have been cretaed, some experts have studied how to evaluate numerical errors in numerical linear algebra. The following are their results: • Validating numerical solutions of a given system of linear equations
• * Validated numerics for ill-conditioned problems  (Ill-conditioned problems are problems which are hard to compute accurately   )
• *Pre-conditioning  (Pre-conditioning is a procedure to allow the given system of linear equations to be easily solved   )
• * Validating numerical solutions of inverse eigenvalue problems (In inverse eigenvalue problems, you will compute and identify an unknown matrix by a given eigenvalue)
• Rigorously computing determinants
• Validating numerical solutions of matrix equations
• Computing matrix functions rigorously (Approximate computation has been studied by N. J. Higham and others    )
• * Matrix exponential
• * Matrix logarithm
• * Matrix root
Software
Today, there are many tools for numerical linear algebra. One of the most famous one is MATLAB (matrix laboratory). This was made by MathWorks.
Cyclic vomiting syndrome
Cyclic vomiting syndrome (US English) or cyclical vomiting syndrome (UK English), abbreviated CVS, is a medical condition whose main symptoms are nausea and repeated vomiting. CVS happens more often in children but it can occur at any age.
CVS is one of the childhood periodic syndromes. This is a group of migraines syndromes that happen to children. Children who have one of these childhood periodic syndromes like cyclic vomiting, will when they get older, usually get one of the other types of migraine that affect adults
Beetlejuice (movie)
Beetlejuice is a 1988 American fantasy-comedy-horror movie directed by Tim Burton. The movie stars Alec Baldwin, Geena Davis, Winona Ryder and Michael Keaton as Beetlejuice.
Plot
Barbara (Geena Davis) and Adam (Alec Baldwin) Maitland decide to spend their holiday decorating their New England country home. Driving back from a trip to town, they crash the car and are killed. The story carries on with the couple going home as ghosts but they at first do not know that they are dead.
The couple's house is then sold and in move the new owners from New York City. The Deetzes, who are Charles (Jeffrey Jones) and his wife Delia (Catherine O'Hara), her friend Otho (Glenn Shadix) and Charles' goth daughter Lydia (Winona Ryder) from his first marriage. The new couple then start to make changes to the house which upsets the ghosts. The Maitlands' then try to scare the new owners out of the house but they are not good at scaring people.
The ghosts can't be seen by anyone in the house other than by the daughter Lydia, with whom they become friends. They try to get a bad ghost to scare the new family out of the house and ask Beetlejuice to do it for them. But all he wants to do is marry Lydia so that he can come back to life.
Gerolsbach
Gerolsbach is a municipality in Pfaffenhofen in Bavaria, Germany.
Master of Puppets
Master of Puppets is the third album by Metallica. Metallica is an American heavy metal band. The album was released by Elektra Records on March 3, 1986. The album has 8 songs, which many feel made a permanent impact on heavy metal music. Several of its songs are still played on the radio. It is one of the best selling heavy metal albums ever made. Many people think it is also one of the best heavy metal albums ever made.
Geena Davis
Virginia Elizabeth "Geena" Davis (born January 21, 1956) is an Academy Award-, Golden Globe-winning and Emmy-nominated American actress, film producer, writer, former fashion model. Davis is also a member of Mensa International.
Master of Puppets
Before the album came out, Metallica went on tour with Ozzy Osbourne for five months. It is the band's last album with bassist Cliff Burton. This is because Burton died in a bus accident on September 27, 1986 while touring in Sweden for the album. After he died, the band canceled the concerts they were going to play. They went back to the United States to find a new bassist.
Geena Davis
Personal life
From 1987 until 1990, she was married to Jeff Goldblum.
From 1993 until 1998, she was married to Renny Harlin.
Vascular tissue
Vascular tissue is a complex tissue found in vascular plants. Complex means that it is composed of more than one cell type.
The primary components of vascular tissue are the xylem and phloem. These two tissues transport fluid and nutrients internally. There is a meristem associated with vascular tissue: the vascular cambium. All the vascular tissues within a particular plant together constitute the vascular tissue system of that plant.
Rottenegg, Geisenfeld
Rottenegg is a village in the Hallertau of Bavaria, Germany. A past separate municipality, it is now part of the municipality of Geisenfeld in Pfaffenhofen.
Place
Rottenegg is in the Danube-Isar Hills of the Lower Bavarian Upland. The village is at 428 m above sea level. It is 5.7 km southeast of the Geisenfeld town center, and extends 1.1 km in a northwest-southeast direction. Munich is 70 km south of the village.
Hettenshausen
Hettenshausen is a municipality in Pfaffenhofen in Bavaria in Germany.
Dialysis
Dialysis is where a machine is used to replace a kidney after kidney failure. The word dialysis comes from the Greek word dialusis, dia meaning through, and lusis meaning loosening.
Dialysis can be used for people who have become sick and have lost the use of their kidneys for a short time, or for people who no longer have working kidneys. The purpose of the kidney is to keep a balance of water and minerals in the body. These minerals include sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorous, magnesium and sulfate. The kidneys also take out hydrogen ions from the blood. Dialysis is able to remove these wastes from the body and help keep the minerals in balance.
However the kidneys are also part of the endocrine system and make erythropoietin and calcitriol. Dialysis machines are not able to replace this part of the kidney's function.
How dialysis works
Dialysis machines work by using diffusion and ultrafiltration. A very fine material, called a membrane, allows blood and fluid to flow through it. In the machine, the blood flows in one direction, and on the other side of the membrane, a special fluid, dialysate flows in the opposite direction, this process is known as osmosis. Dialysate is a fluid that has different chemicals in it, such as potassium and calcium. A doctor would decide what mixture of chemicals would be needed for each patient. The dialysate has bicarbonate in it to lower the higher acid levels that these patients often have. The blood and dialysate mix together. The waste products are removed from the blood and caught up in the fine membrane.
Dialysis was originally done in hospitals, and then in many countries moved to local clinics, as the number of patients increased. In 2023 more patients have a portable machine at home and have to manage the process themselves.
Dialyser
A dialyser is part of a dialysis machine. The dialyser filters blood like a kidney. It is made of a clear hollow cylinder with two inlets and two outlets. One inlet and outlet is at the upper side and downside which are for blood entrance and exit before and after purification. The other inlet and outlet are beside through which a supporter liquid goes into the dialyser.
A dialyser has very thin fibres of cellulose. The fibres work as a semi-permeable membrane (SPM). There are about 10,000 of them. Impurities such as urea keratin leave through the SPM. Blood cells cannot go through because the blood cells are bigger than the impurities. The whole process of purification is supported by a liquid called dialysate. Dialysate is sent into the dialyser by the pump in the dialysis machine. The pure liquid goes in and the impure dialysate comes out. Dialysers are also called artificial kidneys.
Natasha Richardson
Natasha Jane Richardson (11 May 1963 – 18 March 2009) was a Tony Award-winning English stage and movie actress.
Life and career
Richardson was the daughter of actress Vanessa Redgrave and movie director and producer Tony Richardson. She was the granddaughter of Michael Redgrave and Rachel Kempson. In 1994, she married Liam Neeson. Together, they had two children, Micheal (born 1995) and Daniel (born 1996).
Ilmmünster
Ilmmünster is a municipality in Pfaffenhofen in Bavaria in Germany.
Natasha Richardson
Life and career
Some of her best known movies included Nell (1994), The Parent Trap (1998 remake) and Maid in Manhattan (2002).
Death
Richardson died in a hospital in New York City on March 18, 2009. She did not recover from brain damage that happened in a skiing accident in Quebec, Canada. She was on vacation with her two sons.
Romanization of Bulgarian
Origins and usage
The system was originally developed to serve for the Romanization of Bulgarian geographical names in Antarctica. It was adopted by the Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria on 2 March 2005. An early explanation of the Streamlined System was made in 1997 to the US and UK Antartcic place-naming authorities. They had noticed the difference from their 1952 BGN/PCGN romanization of Bulgarian. The new system became subject to comparative study at the Department of English and American Studies at Sofia University.
Subsequently, the system was chosen by the Bulgarian Government. It is the official transliteration system to be used in all identity documents, road signs, street names, official information systems, databases, local authorities’ websites etc. Eventually, the Streamlined System became part of Bulgarian law by way of the Transliteration Law passed in 2009.
Train
A train is a set of railway cars (also called vehicles) that are tied together with or without a locomotive. Trains are used to carry people, and also things like raw material, finished goods, cargo, and waste. The vehicles that carry freight are called cars (in the United States) or wagons (in the United Kingdom). The ones that carry passengers are often called coaches or carriages. A place where a train stops to let people get on and off is called a train station or railway station.
Romanization of Bulgarian
Origins and usage
The Streamlined system was adopted also by UN in 2012, and for official US and UK use, by BGN and PCGN in 2013. Ivanov proposes using his Romanization approach in the case of Cyrillic alphabets of other Slavic languages, notably Russian.
Train
Trains have their roots in wagonways, which used railway tracks and were powered by horses or pulled by cables. Following the invention of the steam locomotive in the United Kingdom in 1804, trains rapidly spread around the world, allowing freight and passengers to move over land faster and cheaper than ever possible before. Rapid transit and trams were first built in the late 19th century to transport large numbers of people in and around cities. Beginning in the 1920s, and accelerating following World War II, diesel and electric locomotives replaced steam as the means of motive power. Following the development of cars, trucks, and extensive networks of highways which offered greater mobility, as well as faster airplanes, trains declined in importance and market share, and many rail lines were abandoned. The spread of buses led to the closure of many rapid transit and tram systems during this time as well.
Romanization of Bulgarian
Basic principles
The Streamlined System was designed with the aim of striking an optimal balance between the following partly overlapping and partly conflicting priorities:
Train
History
Before steam trains there were wagonways where horses and people pulled cars over tracks made of stone and wood.
Romanization of Bulgarian
Basic principles
Exceptions:
Train
History
A steam train made its first journey on 21 February 1804 at the Penydarren Iron Works in Merthyr Tydfil, Wales, UK. The locomotive Coalbrookdale was built by Richard Trevithick helped by the owner of the ironworks Samual Homfray.
Romanization of Bulgarian
Basic principles
It had been proposed to modify the Streamlined System so that Bulgarian letters Ъ and Ц were transliterated as Ă and TZ respectively. However, those proposals failed to gain wider acceptance, and were not adopted for official usage.
Train
History
The Stockton and Darlington Railway in 1825 showed how a train could be run. The Liverpool and Manchester Railway in 1830 was the first to run passenger trains and freight trains in the way that trains run on most railways today. The use of trains were then to go from country to country over the world, and it was more easy for people and things to get from one place to another place.
Romanization of Bulgarian
Invertibility
The system is not invertible, for А, Ж, Й, Ц, Ш, Щ, Ю, Я are transliterated in the same way as are Ъ, ЗХ, Ь, ТС, СХ, ШТ, ЙУ, ЙА respectively. An auxiliary, invertible variant of the system without the ИЯ-exception rule is proposed by L. Ivanov, D. Skordev and D. Dobrev to be used in those special cases when the exact retrieval of Bulgarian words from their Romanized forms is a priority, with Cyrillic letters and combinations of letters Ъ, Ь, ЗХ, ЙА, ЙУ, СХ, ТС, ТШ, ТЩ, ШТ, ШЦ transliterated as `A, `Y, Z|H, Y|A, Y|U, S|H, T|S, T|SH, T|SHT, SH|T, SH|TS respectively. In order to ensure full invertibility of the system, including the case of the ИЯ-exception rule, one may transliterate word-final -ИА as I|A rather than IA. The plain streamlined transliteration word form could be retrieved from its invertible variant by simply removing the additional symbols ` and |.
Train
History
Soon after 1830 nearly all trains were pulled by steam locomotives. The steam engine was be the main way to run trains until the 1960s when many countries stopped using them, for example the United States of America had 38,853 steam engines in 1945 but by 1961 that was only 110.
Romanization of Bulgarian
Comparison with other systems
The Streamlined System is based on an English-oriented transliteration, taking advantage of the global lingua franca role of English. A similar shift towards English-oriented transliteration is observed in the case of other Cyrillic alphabets such as Russian and Ukrainian, and to some extent Macedonian.
Train
History
As the internal combustion engine that used petroleum oil and diesel oil got better people tried to use those those, but they were not very successful at first. The year 1913 in Sweden was when the first successful in the world ran, and it was able to keep going until 1939. The 1920s saw diesel trains get better and by the 1930s diesel trains were going very fast, including the a German train going from Berlin to Hamburg at over 100 mph and a train going from Denver to Chicago, 1015 mi without stopping at an end-to-end speed of 77 mph.
Romanization of Bulgarian
Comparison with other systems
The Streamlined System is similar to the old 1952 BGN/PCGN System for the Romanization of Bulgarian, which had been official in the USA and the United Kingdom until 2013. The latter however transliterates the Cyrillic letters Х, Ь and Ъ as KH, ’ (apostrophe) and Ŭ, while the former uses H, Y and A instead.
Another similar system not adopted for official use in Bulgaria is that of A. Danchev, M. Holman, E. Dimova and M. Savova, which transliterates the Cyrillic letters У and Ъ by OU and U respectively, while the Streamlined System uses U and A for this purpose. Furthermore, the latter system transliterates the digraphs АЙ•ай, ЕЙ•ей, ОЙ•ой and УЙ•уй by AI•ai, EI•ei, OI•oi and OUI•oui instead of AY•ay, EY•ey, OY•oy and UY•uy respectively.
Train
History
After World War 1 there improvements in road cars and buses and people began to use them more than trains. The same was true for how things were moved. From the 1950s the aeroplane became a better way for people to go to some places that were further away. Trains and railways had to get better to stop losing people and things to cars and aeroplanes but many have had to close.
Freight
Freight trains have freight cars (US) or goods' wagons (UK) to carry goods from one place to another. Some are boxcars (closed and roofed cars for cargo); others are special so they can carry special cargo. There are hopper cars for sand, coal, ore and other granulous (sand-like) materials, flatbed cars for vehicles and machinery, tank cars for liquids, container cars for containers and even bottle cars for molten iron. Almost anything which is not too large to fit under tunnels and bridges can be transported on special freight cars.
Passenger
Passenger trains have passenger cars (US) or coaches (UK) made so people can ride them from one train station to another.
Unlike cars that are forced to go slowy in traffic jams, Passenger trains are usually a very comfortable way of traveling. Many trains have electrical outlets and Wi-Fi hotspots for computers,
Most passenger cars are single-deckers: there are also double-decker passenger cars, such as the Finnish Inter-City cars.
Some trains look like a special bus that can only drive on rails.
The world's longest passenger train was 1.9 km long and had 100 cars. It was a special train that ran in October 2022 in Switzerland.
Trains in the city
To get to a city and to move around it trains may need to carry many people and they can get very busy. There are many names for this type of train including rapid transit. The railway for these trains may go underground or be above the road. Trains which go along city roads are called Trams. A new word for trams that also use tracks used by other trains outside the city is  tram-trains .
Trains that go far
There are few long-distance passenger trains in the United States, but more in Europe and Asia.
Very fast trains
High-speed rail uses special, fast passenger trains on special tracks. A few of the fast ones are maglev trains, using magnets to hover slightly off the tracks to have less friction.
Propulsion
Most trains are pulled by locomotives. Before 1900, almost all were steam locomotives. As this kind of steam engine uses very much fuel for the work it does, steam began to give way to diesel locomotives and electric locomotives during the 1930s. Today, most locomotives are diesel-electric locomotives.
Sometimes a train has no separate locomotive, but the prime mover (diesel engine or electric motor) is located on the first car of the train itself, and the car has engineer's cabin. The car is called a "motor unit". Some trains have motors in many or all of the cars. This is called a diesel multiple unit or electric multiple unit. Usually, both ends of the train have engineer's cabins. These trains are especially popular in commuter traffic in large towns and cities. Electric trains get their power from a third rail or from overhead wires.
The fastest train in the world is a special type of train using maglev propulsion, and it can reach 600 kph.
Walter Matthau
Walter Matthau (October 1, 1920–July 1, 2000) was an American actor, comedian and film director. He starred with Jack Lemmon in The Odd Couple and its sequel The Odd Couple II. He won the Academy Award for The Fortune Cookie.
Naga National Council
The Naga National Council was a political organization of Naga people, active from the late 1940s to the early 1950s. Under the leadership of Angami Zapu Phizo in the 1940s, it unsuccessfully campaigned for the secession of the Naga territory from the Republic of India and creation for a sovereign Naga state.
Tulln District
Municipalities
Suburbs, hamlets, and other subdivisions of a municipality are in small characters.
Melisma
In music, a melisma is the technique of singing one syllable to a lot of notes. They are often called vocal runs or simply runs. Music which uses melismas can be called melismatic.
Medical abortion
A medical abortion is an abortion where drugs are used to induce the abortion. In the 1970s, such abortions became an option to end the pregnancy during its first trimester. The drugs most often used in 2009 were mifepristone and methotrexate, either alone or in combination with a prostaglandin.
Melisma
In Western music melismas are often used in operas or any other music which is written for the singer to show off the voice. Melismatic music is the opposite of music where each syllable has its own note. In the "Alleluia Chorus" from Handel's Messiah each syllable of the word "Alleluya" has its own note. But in other parts of the Messiah there are often melismas, e.g. in "Thus saith the Lord" the word "shake" ("and I will shake the heavens and the earth") is set to a run of 25 fast notes. This example can also be described as "word painting". Handel uses the melisma to make it sound like someone shaking something.
Medical abortion
Medical abortion is both safe and effective in many situations. In the United States, the mortality rate for medical abortion is 14 times lower than the mortality rate for childbirth. In the first trimester, the patient can the drugs used for medical abortion can take the drugs safely at home, without assistance. Starting with the second trimester, it is recommended to take the second drug in a clinic or provider's office.
Melisma
Melismas are used a lot in music from many different cultures.
East Bengal Regiment
The East Bengal Regiment (ইস্ট বেঙ্গল রেজিমেন্ট) in short "E Bengal" is an infantry regiment of Bangladesh Army oldest and biggest formation of Bangladesh Army. Major Abdul Waheed Chowdhury Officer in Command of the first training Establishment of East Bengal Regiment, raised and commanded 1st East Bengal Regiment and lifted it to the 1st Battalion of the East Bengal Regiment.
Prudential Tower
The Prudential Tower, also called the Prudential Building or The Pru, is a skyscraper in Boston, Massachusetts. The building is the 2nd-tallest building in Boston. It was designed by Charles Luckman and Associates for Prudential Insurance and was completed in 1964. It is 749 ft tall and has 52 floors. With its radio mast, the tower is 907 ft and is the tallest building in Boston. It has an observation deck, called the "Prudential Skywalk", on its 50th floor. It is currently the highest observation deck in New England that is open to the public. The building also has a restaurant on the 52nd floor, called "Top of the Hub."
History
Construction on the Prudential Tower began in 1960. When it was completed in 1964, it was the tallest building in the world outside of New York City.
Since the Prudential Tower was built, other tall buildings have been built in Boston. Today, it is not one of the fifty tallest buildings in the USA.
Ownership
Boston Properties currently owns the Prudential Tower.
Broadcast tenants
The main rooftop mast has two FM master antennas, and a television antenna. The roof also has a smaller tower with standby antennas. These antennas broadcast several Boston radio stations.
People's Liberation Army of Manipur
The People's Liberation Army (PLA) was founded by N. Bisheshwar Singh on September 25, 1978. It is a separatist armed revolutionary group fighting for a separate independent socialist state of Manipur. It was the first organization from Manipur to have been trained by the China's People Liberation Army at Lhasa in the eighties. It was also trained by the NSCN in Myanmar during this time.
Chobits
Chobits (ちょびっツ) is a Japanese manga and anime series created by CLAMP.
Plot
The story is mostly about the life of Hideki Motosuwa who did not make it into a university, and so is called a 'ronin', a repeat student. Hideki tries to get into a university by moving from his farm and studying at Seki, a cram school in Tokyo. He is not used to women, but likes to imagine that he is. He wants to have a girlfriend and a 'Persocom'. A Persocom is a kind of robot that looks like a person, but can be used like a computer, phone, and a "partner" in some cases.
One evening when Hideki is walking home from the grocery store, he finds a unique Persocom on a curb. It is a beautiful young girl with long blonde hair, wrapped in white cloth, lying against a pile of trash bags. He takes the Persocom home. Hideki looks all over the Persocom's body for a switch to turn her on, and finds it between her legs. He turns her on and asks her questions, but all she can say is "chi", so Hideki names her Chi.
Anime
The anime has 26 episodes and was broadcast across East Asia and Southeast Asia by the anime television network, Animax. Episodes 9, 18, and an extra 27th OVA episode are used as "recap" episodes, looking back on the events that happened previously. The episodes were given different numbers for the DVD release because the original recap episodes were not included as part of the main anime, instead being published together on the final DVD and re-numbered as 8.5, 16.5 and 24.5 making the series only 24 episodes.
There is a 6-minute special episode: "Sumomo and Kotoko on a Quest", or "Chibits", which is about Sumomo and Kotoko.
The series was supervised by Morio Asaka, and Hisashi Abe was the character designer and the animation director. The ending to the anime series is different from the manga. One thing that is different is that there is no allusion to Hideki never having Chi because of where her switch is, and the new part of Freya taking over Chi's body and asking her mother Chitose to shut them down, saying the Chobits series is a failure, and the activation of the program after all, although the effect on Persocons is not the same as in the manga.
Jetzendorf
Jetzendorf is a municipality in Pfaffenhofen in Bavaria in Germany.