cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Gerry and the Pacemakers
Early days
Gerry Marsden was born on September 24, 1942, in Liverpool, England. His brother, Freddie, was born on October 23, 1940, in Liverpool. They formed a musical group called "The Mars Bars", with Gerry playing guitar and Freddie the drums. They changed the name to The Pacemakers because the Mars candy company said they would take them to court for using the name.
Les Chadwick (born John Leslie Chadwick) was born on May 11, 1943 in Liverpool. He worked in a bank before joining the band in 1959. He was their lead guitarist, but changed to bass. Les Maguire (born Leslie Maguire) was born on December 27, 1941 in Wallasey, Cheshire. He joined the band in 1960 after the group's piano player, Arthur McMahon, left the group.
Success
The Pacemakers were the second band to be managed by Brian Epstein, who was also manager of "The Beatles. Brian had heard the band at the "Cavern Club" in Liverpool in 1962. Their first three songs in 1963, "How Do You Do It?", "I Like It" and "You'll Never Walk Alone", all went straight to number one on the charts. "You'll Never Walk Alone", first written by Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II for the musical "Carousel", became the favourite song of supporters of the Liverpool Football Club. They even made a very successful full length movie in 1965 called Ferry Cross The Mersey. This was based on the song written by Gerry. The song made Liverpool's ferries world famous. Gerry also wrote eight other songs for the film.
The band enjoyed great success between 1963—1966, with such songs as "It's Gonna Be All Right". This time was called the British Invasion because so many British bands were successful. "[Our] songs were happy, the music simple and the lyrics nice to listen to," Gerry said. "We didn't try to change the world."
Break up
The group broke up in 1967, and Gerry went on to work as an actor and performer in musical theater. He reformed The Pacemakers in 1972 with prominent Liverpool musicians Jose McLaughlin, Billy Kinsley and Pete Clarke. Gerry wrote a book about his life, You'll Never Walk Alone, which was published in 1993. Original band member, Freddie Marsden, died on December 9, 2006, at 66 years of age.
Ruillé-en-Champagne
Ruillé-en-Champagne is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
Tommy Robson
Thomas Henry Robson (31 July 1944 – 8 October 2020) was an English footballer. He made more than 600 appearances in the Football League playing as a left winger. Robson was born in Gateshead, Tyne and Wear.
Innerbraz
Innerbraz is a municipality of the district of Bludenz in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg.
Tommy Robson
In September 2019, Robson was diagnosed with motor neurone disease. He died on 8 October 2020 at the age of 76.
Jim Reeves
James Travis "Jim" Reeves (August 20, 1923 in Galloway, Texas - July 31, 1964 in Nashville, Tennessee) was an American country singer. He died in a plane crash.
Cynthia Nixon
Cynthia Ellen Nixon (born April 9, 1966) is an American actress, activist and politician. She is most well known role comes from playing Miranda Hobbes in the HBO series Sex and the City (1998-2004). She has had other movie and TV starring acts as well. In 2016, she played Nancy Reagan in the television movie Killing Reagan.
Reza Shah Pahlavi
Reza Shah Pahlavi (b. Reza Khan; March 16, 1878 – July 26, 1944) was the Shah of Iran from 1925 to 1941, when he abdicated (declared that was no longer king) and passed the position on to his son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. In 1921, he and Seyed Ziya-al-Din Tabatabaei launched a coup d'état overthrowing the Qajar dynasty. Reza Shāh then became minister of war, and eventually became king, which started the Pahlavi dynasty. Because of his friendship with Adolf Hitler, the British suspected that Nazi Germany was conspiring with Iran and ordered Reza Shāh to abdicate, which he then did.
Cynthia Nixon
On March 19, 2018, she announced via Twitter that she was running for Governor of New York.
Reza Shah Pahlavi
Reza Shah was originally Reza Khan, a military officer of the Persian Cossack Brigade who could not read, and taught himself.
Marshall, Minnesota
Marshall is a city in Lyon County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 13,680 at the 2010 census. Marshall is a regional center in southwest Minnesota, and the county seat of Lyon County.
In the Name of the Girl
In the Name of the Girl (En el Nombre de la Hija) is a 2011 Ecuadorian comedy-drama movie directed by Tania Hermida and starring Eva Mayu Mecham Benavides, Markus Amaru Mecham Benavides, Javier Izquierdo, Tatiana Ugalde, Juana Estrella, Felipe Vega, Pancho Aguirre.
Guanacaste
Guanacaste (Enterolobium cyclocarpum) also known as elephant-ear tree or devil's ear is a species of flowering tree in the pea family, Fabaceae. It is native to tropical regions of the Americas. It is the national tree of Costa Rica.
Common names in some other languages are:
Enterolobium cyclocarpum, the scientific name of the guanacaste tree was given by August Grisebach to this plant in 1864.
Description
The guanacaste is a large tree, growing to 20 – tall, with a trunk up to 3 m in diameter. The bark is light gray. The crown (the upper part of tree) is broad and widely spreading. Leaves are 15 to 50 cm long, alternate and compound.
The guanacaste is evergreen, or briefly deciduous for 1–2 months during the dry season (without rains). Most leaves fall in December, at the start of the dry season. In late February, leaves start to appear and produce a fresh, thick crown by April.
Flowers are hermaphrodite; the pollination is by insects like bees.
The fruit is a legume (also known as a pod) with the shape of a human ear.
Where it grows
The guanacaste tree is native to tropical America. It grows from southern Mexico through Central America to northern South America. It is found also in the West Indies. It has been introduced in other tropical regions.
It grows normally at an elevation from sea level to 500 m, usually along the coast and rivers.
Sablé-sur-Sarthe
Sablé-sur-Sarthe is a commune. It is in Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in west France.
Nisei
Nisei (二世) is a Japanese language term used in countries in North America and South America to name the children born to Japanese people who immigrated. The emigrants or immigrants who were born in Japan are called Issei; and their children born in the new country are called Nisei (second generation). The grandchildren of Issei are called Sansei (third generation).
History
The earliest organized group of Japanese emigrants settled in Mexico in 1897.
Imigration to Brazil began in 1908. Today, the community which grew from the Nisei children has become the largest Japanese emigrant population outside of Japan, including approximately 1.5 million Brazilians. Other communities of Nisei grew up in the United States, Canada,  and Peru.
The use of the term Nisei was modeled after an Issei pattern or template. In the 1930s, the term Issei came into common use. The word replaced the term "immigrant" (ijusha). This change in usage mirrored an evolution in the way the Issei looked at themselves. The label Issei also included the idea of belonging to the new country.
Cultural profile
The term Nikkei (日系) was created by sociologists in the late 20th century. The Nikkei include all of the world's Japanese immigrants and their descendants.
The Issei were born in Japan, and their cultural perspective was primarily Japanese; but they were in America by choice. Their Nisei sons and daughters grew up with a national and cultural point-of-view that was different from their parents.
Although the Issei kept an emotional connection with Japan, they created homes in a country far from Japan. The Nisei had never known a country other than the one into which they were born.
The Issei, Nisei and Sansei generations reflect distinctly different attitudes to authority, gender, non-Japanese involvement, and religious practice, and other matters.
Steve Zahn
Steven James Zahn (born November 13, 1967) is an American actor and comedian. His movies include Reality Bites (1994), That Thing You Do! (1996), SubUrbia (1996), Out of Sight (1998), Happy, Texas (1999), Riding in Cars with Boys (2001), Shattered Glass (2003), Sahara (2005), Rescue Dawn (2007), the first three Diary of a Wimpy Kid movies, Dallas Buyers Club (2013), and War for the Planet of the Apes (2017).
Isaiah Owens
Isaiah Randolph "Ikey" Owens (December 1, 1975 - October 14, 2014) was an American keyboardist. He was known for his work with The Mars Volta, Jack White and a variety of bands from the Long Beach music scene.
On October 14, 2014, Owens was found dead in his hotel room in Cholula, Mexico, aged 38. He died of an apparent heart attack.
Road (sports)
Road game (short for on the road), better known as an away game, is a reference to all cities and stadia/arenas/fields/venues where an athletic team plays games for which they are not the host.
Guiry-en-Vexin
Guiry-en-Vexin is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Val-d'Oise department in north France.
Barnala
Barnala is a city in Barnala District, Punjab in India.
List of NHL franchise post-season appearance streaks
These are lists of active and all-time National Hockey League (NHL) franchise post-season appearance, post-season series win, Stanley Cup Final and Stanley Cup streaks up to and including the 2017–18 NHL season and subsequent 2018 Stanley Cup playoffs. These lists do not include the canceled 2004–05 NHL season.
Post-season appearance streaks
A post-season appearance streak is continued by making the NHL playoffs in consecutive years after the regular season. Since the first round of the playoffs consists of 8 series, there will always be 16 teams in this list (of the 31 teams in the NHL).
Post-season series win streaks
This is a list of teams that have active post-season series win streaks. A post-season series win streak is continued by making the post-season and winning at least the first round series of the playoffs. Since the first round of the playoffs consists of 16 teams in 8 series, there will always be 8 teams in this list, the winners of those series.
Post-season appearance streaks
This section has been updated to include teams who appeared in the 2017 Stanley Cup playoffs.
{{legend|#CFECEC|Active franchise streak is highlighted|border=#AAAAAA}}
Post-season series win streaks
Consecutive seasons with at least one series victory.
One Hundred Days After Childhood
One Hundred Days After Childhood (Сто дней после детства) is a 1974 Soviet movie directed by Sergei Solovyov. It stars Boris Tokarev, Tatyana Drubich, and Irina Malysheva.
Vladimír Čech
Vladimír Čech (6 July 1951 – 22 March 2013) was an Czech actor, presenter and former politician. He was known for being the voice of Garfield in the Czech versions.
Čech was born on 6 July 1951 in Prague, Czechoslovakia. He studied at the Theatre Faculty of the Academy of Performing Arts. Čech died of Lynch syndrome (a type of colon cancer) and pneumonia on 22 March 2013 in his home in Prague, Czech Republic, aged 61.
Signing Time!
Research shows that sign language can help children's learning ability to grow. With just a few simple American Sign Language signs, babies and toddlers — some as young as nine months old — can show people their needs before they can speak, which may make them have fewer temper tantrums, even if they have disabilities. School-aged children enjoy the benefits of learning a second language. Children with developmental delays or special needs can find their own “voice” by using their hands to talk using sign language.
Signing Time helps children learn through three senses — visual (seeing), auditory (hearing), and kinesthetic (touch) — and reaches children with different learning styles and abilities by making children want to communicate with other people through signing, singing, speaking and dancing.
In the series, songwriter and musician Rachel Coleman, her daughter Leah (who is deaf), Alex (Leah’s cousin who can hear), and their pet frog named Hopkins, who is a cartoon, teach hundreds of useful American Sign Language signs. Children learn signs for words, questions, phrases, movements, colors, sports, days of the week, everyday objects, and activities that are done a lot. Signing Time! makes learning sign language easy for the whole family.
History
In 1996, Rachel Coleman had a daughter, who was named Leah. Fourteen months after she was born, Rachel and her husband, Aaron, found out that Leah was deaf since she was born. After that, the couple started to teach Leah sign language, first with Signing Exact English (SEE), then with American Sign Language (ASL),so that they could learn to communicate, becoming good signers. Rachel was surprised to see that after six months, Leah's sign language vocabulary had more words the vocabulary of hearing children her same age. Rachel's sister Emilie Brown and her husband Derek were teaching Leah's baby cousin, Alex, how to sign, and he learned it quickly also.
A few years later, Rachel had a second daughter. Lucy was born 8 weeks premature, with spina bifida (this means there is a hole in your back when you are born and your spinal cord is sticking out) and cerebral palsy (your brain has trouble controlling your muscles). Doctors worried that, because of her cerebral palsy, Lucy would never be able to speak or use sign language to communicate with her deaf sister, but after the first volume was made, Lucy started to sign, and later, to speak. Rachel then thought that signing could be beneficial to all children.
Rachel and Emilie decided to make a video for hearing children so that American Sign Language could be made accessible to all children, and made Two Little Hands Productions, their producing company, together.
How the show works
Rachel hosts the show herself, with her daughter Leah and nephew Alex also starring to help teach signs. In My First Signs, Rachel was not going to be in the videos, but she was added to show the signs because Alex and Leah (who were 3 and 4 then) could not sign clearly enough all the time to teach viewers the signs. In the earlier episodes, Rachel did not want to sing and sign at the same time since it causes some problems for those who want true American Sign Language, but customers responded, wanting more songs and wanting to learn signs from them. So, already being a musician, Rachel wrote more songs. Rachel sings a lot of songs during each episode, signing the words at the same time. During the episode, Rachel shows many signs from a certain topic (schools, daytime activities, etc.) and then has Leah and Alex sign—they sign first now—alongside with many other children of different backgrounds. After that, the words are emphasized with song.
The second season has a new layout that includes new signs and more original music. Each program teaches signs from one theme, marked by a theme song, which is taught verse by verse. This lets children develop a comforting knowing of the melody line of each song, helping to give them a sense of mastery and a feeling like they are actually “with” the characters as they sing and sign along. Also, new parts “ABC Time,” “Counting Time,” “Game Time,” “Story Time,” and “Hopping/Moving Time” look into the episode theme or other skills in a playful way. These segments use teaching methods such as mnemonics (a way to make your memory better), songs, stories, and games, which are good for many different learning styles and abilities by promoting interaction through signing, singing, speaking and dancing.
Leah Coleman (“Leah”)
Leah Coleman is the person that made her mother want to make Signing Time! Diagnosed as profoundly deaf at 14 months old, she began learning American Sign Language (ASL) as fast as her parents could learn it and teach it to her. Leah could sign full sentences long before her ‘hearing’ peers could even speak, and because of that, her parents say she never threw a tantrum. Leah is now in fifth grade and loves reading, skating on her “Heelys” and playing with her little sister Lucy. She recently won first place in her very first horse show and got national attention for winning first place in her school Spelling Bee, despite being deaf. Her favorite food is sushi and she loves the color purple. She loves being in Signing Time! with her cousin Alex, and teaching ASL to other children.
Alex Brown (“Alex”)
Alex Brown was in the very first episode of Signing Time! before his third birthday. He learned to sign as a baby so that he could communicate with his deaf cousin, Leah. He is now in fifth grade and loves to ride his bike, rollerblade, make comic books, draw mazes and play with his little brother Zachary. His favorite food is shrimp with shell pasta and his favorite color is green. He is a budding singer and pianist, but he enjoys playing the piano more than he enjoys practicing. A native of Salt Lake City, Utah, Alex has also lived in Virginia and California. He enjoys filming Signing Time! particularly when he gets to swing on the tire swing or have pillow fights on the set with Leah.
Hopkins
Originally developed as a gecko named ‘Twerp’ (a play on the nickname ‘Terp, for interpreter), “Hopkins” the frog was supposed to be Leah’s ‘voice’ and appear as a gift from Grandma and Grandpa. Alas, since Leah’s speech is developing on her own, Hopkins is now very happy being a little green animated sidekick who loves to swim, paint, lift large pieces of fruit and eat unsuspecting flies. He is proudly named after Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, who in 1817 established the first free American school for the deaf and hearing-impaired.
List of Episodes
All numbers are Signing Time! volume numbers from the official website.
Signing Time! Products
Two Little Hands productions offers a wide variety of fun and educational American Sign Language (ASL) products.
Other items include printed materials including board books and flash cards, Signing Time! clothing, and Signing Time! music CDs.
Aluminium iodide
Aluminium iodide is any chemical compound made up of only aluminium and iodine. It is formed by the reaction of aluminium and iodine, or the action of hydrogen iodide on aluminium metal.
Signing Time!
Broadcast
Nickelodeon Noggin and Nick Jr. (United States)
Cartoon Network and Nickelodeon (Canada)
Playhouse Disney (Italy)
Haravilliers
Haravilliers is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Val-d'Oise department in north France.
Kepler-22b
Kepler-22b is an extrasolar planet orbiting (going around) G-type star Kepler-22. It is located about 600 light years away from Earth in the constellation Cygnus. It was found by NASA's Kepler Space Telescope. It is also the first known planet to orbit within the habitable zone of a Sun-like star.
Kepler-22b's first transit in front of its host sun was observed on Kepler's third day of scientific operations in mid-2009. Kepler-22b's third transit was detected in late 2010. The Spitzer Space Telescope provided more data that confirmed Kepler-22b's transits. On December 5, 2011, the confirmation of the existence of Kepler-22b was announced.
Composition and structure
Kepler-22b's radius is roughly 2.4 times the radius of Earth. Its mass and surface composition remain unknown, with only some very rough estimates established: It has less than 124 Earth masses at the 3 sigma confidence limit, and less than 36 Earth masses at 1 sigma confidence.
It is thought that the object has a mass similar to that of Neptune (~35 Earth masses ). Another possibility is that Kepler-22b is an "ocean-like" world. It might also be comparable to the water-rich planet GJ 1214 b although Kepler-22b, unlike GJ 1214 b, is in the habitable zone. If it has an Earth-like composition, the compression of material in the interior of the planet would give an overall mass greater than 40 Earth masses. Such a planet would also produce surface gravity greater than 7 times that on Earth. This is ruled out to at least 1-sigma uncertainty by radial velocity measurements of the system, suggesting Kepler-22b does not have Earth-like composition. It is likely to have a more volatile-rich composition with a liquid or gaseous outer shell; this would make it similar to Kepler-11f, the smallest known gas planet.
"If it is mostly ocean with a small rocky core," Natalie Batalha, one of the scientists on the project, speculated "it's not beyond the realm of possibility that life could exist in such an ocean." This possibility of life has spurred SETI to perform research on top candidates for extraterrestrial intelligence. However, if the planet's carbon cycle has ceased due to lack of oceans and plate tectonics, Kepler-22b may turn out to be a searing, sterile super-Venus.
Orbit
The only parameters of the planet's orbit that are currently available are its period, which is about 290 days, and its inclination which is approximately 90°, so that it transits the disk of its star as seen from Earth.
No information is available about the shape of the planet's orbit. Many extrasolar planets are known to move in highly elliptical orbits. We only know that the semi-major axis of its orbit is within its host star's habitable zone. If Kepler-22b has a highly elongated orbit it may well only spend a small fraction of its time within this habitable zone, which would cause extreme temperature differences on the planet and make it inhospitable.
In order to obtain information about the shape of the planet's orbit, other methods of planetary detection, such as the radial velocity method, need to be used. While such methods have been performed on the planet after its discovery, they have not yet detected what the orbital eccentricity of the planet actually is, and have as of March 2012 only set an upper limit on the mass of the planet.
Surface temperature and composition
The average distance from Kepler-22b to its host star Kepler-22 is about 15% less than the distance from Earth to the Sun but the luminosity (light output) of Kepler-22 is about 25% less than that of the Sun. This combination of a shorter average distance from the star and a lower stellar luminosity are consistent with a moderate surface temperature at that distance if we assume that the surface is not subject to extreme greenhouse heating.
If the planet is found to move in a highly elliptical orbit, its surface temperature will vary from a higher temperature when close to Kepler-22 to lower when further away. If the orbit is indeed highly elliptical, then the temperature variance range will be extreme.
Saint-Aubin-de-Locquenay
Saint-Aubin-de-Locquenay is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
Division of Hinkler
The Division of Hinkler is an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland. It was set up in 1984 and is named after Bert Hinkler, the great pioneer Australian aviator.
All Nippon Airways
All Nippon Airways is an airline from Japan. It was established in 1952 by the Government of Japan. The airline's main competitor is Japan Airlines.
Rhêmes-Notre-Dame
Rhêmes-Notre-Dame is a comune in the Aosta Valley region in Italy.
Robin Wright
Robin Gayle Wright (born April 8, 1966 in Dallas, Texas) is an American actress. Her roles include starring as Jenny in the Academy Award winning movie Forrest Gump. She played in many other movies and television series. Wright was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for her acting in the soap opera Santa Barbara.
Saint-Aignan, Sarthe
Saint-Aignan is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
Robin Wright
Wright was married to actor Sean Penn from 1998 until 2010. They have 2 children.
Carlos Bianchi
Carlos Bianchi (born 26 April 1949) is a former Argentine football player. He has played for Argentina national team.
Club career statistics
324||206 238||187 562||393
International career statistics
!Total||14||7
Aritatsu Ogi
Aritatsu Ogi (小城 得達) is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Ogi was born in Hiroshima on December 10, 1942. After graduating from Chuo University, he joined his local club Toyo Industries in 1965. The club won Japan Soccer League champions 5 times (1965, 1966, 1967, 1968 and 1970). He became a top scorer in 1966 and was selected Best Eleven for 7 years in a row (1966-1972). He was also selected "Japanese Footballer of the Year" awards in 1965 and 1970. He retired in 1976. He played 163 games and scored 57 goals in the league.
On August 8, 1963, when Ogi was a Chuo University student, he debuted for the Japan national team against Malaysia. He was selected for Japan for 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo and 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City. He played all matches in both Olympics. At 1964 Olympics, he scored winning goal against Argentina in first match. At 1968 Olympics, Japan won Bronze Medal. In 2018, 1968 Olympics team was selected Japan Football Hall of Fame. He also played at 1966, 1970 and 1974 Asian Games. He played 62 games and scored 11 goals for Japan until 1976.
After retirement, Ogi became a manager for Toyo Industries in 1977 as Ikuo Matsumoto successor. He managed until 1980.
In 2006, he was selected Japan Football Hall of Fame.
Statistics
163||57 163||57
!Total||62||11
IPhone (1st generation)
The iPhone (also called the first-generation iPhone, iPhone (original), iPhone 2G, and iPhone 1) was the first smartphone made by Apple, Inc. It was announced on January 9, 2007, and released on June 29, 2007. It changed the mobile phone industry, being the first phone to have a multi-touch screen. It succeeded the Newton line of touchscreen phones by Apple.
Catch Me If You Can (book)
Catch Me If You Can is a 1980 book by Frank Abagnale. It talks about the four years that Abagnale was a con artist. Abagnale sold the rights to make a movie before writing the book. He wrote the book with a person named Stan Redding. The movie Catch Me If You Can was released in 2002.
IPhone (1st generation)
Design
Compared to other phones at the time, the iPhone had a much larger screen and removed most buttons, leaving only a home button to take you to the home screen.
3G version
On June 9, 2008, Apple announced a version of the iPhone which featured slightly improved hardware, GPS, and 3G functionality.
Masanaga Kageyama
Masanaga Kageyama (影山 雅永) is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
103||6||12||1||8||0||123||7 103||6||12||1||8||0||123||7
Arrowhead
An arrowhead is point of an arrow, or a shape resembling such a point.
Arrowheads are found all over the United States. Archaeologically they are usually made of stone: primarily being flint, obsidian, or chert; but in many excavations bone, wooden and metal arrowheads have been found.
In North America, Arrowheads are sometimes mistakenly attributed to the Historic Period American Indians, but are actually from North America's prehistoric ancestors; some arrowheads date back to over 15,000+ years old (Paleo-Clovis Culture).
Saint-Aubin-des-Coudrais
Saint-Aubin-des-Coudrais is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
Ducky Detweiler
Robert Slerling "Ducky" Detweiler (February 15, 1919 – March 13, 2013) was an American professional baseball infielder and manager. Listed at 5' 11", 178 lb., he batted and threw right handed. He played for the Boston Braves (1942, 1946).
Arrowhead
Arrowheads are attached to arrow shafts and may be "thrown" (similar to a spear thrower), or fired from a bow.
Ducky Detweiler
Detweiler was born on February 15, 1919 in Trumbauersville, Pennsylvania. He studied at Quakertown High School. Detweiler was married to Jean Cahall from 1944 until his death in 2013. They had one daughter, Gina. Detweiler died on March 13, 2013 in his home in Easton, Maryland from natural causes, aged 94.
Dhananjaya de Silva
Dhananjaya Maduranga de Silva is a cricketer from Sri Lanka. He plays for the Sri Lanka national cricket team. He was born on September 6, 1991.
Vostok (rocket family)
The Vostok rocket was developed by the Soviet Union to as their main launch vehicle for space flights. It was based on the R-7, an ICBM designed by Sergei Korolev and first launched in 1957. An R-7 rocket was used to carry Sputnik 1 into space on October 4, 1957. It was a single rocket with 4 booster engines attached to the sides, which acted like a multi stage rocket. The Vostok was an R-7 with an extra upper stage rocket, called Blok-E. This upper stage would fire as the lower stages ran out of fuel (a mix of kerosene and liquid oxygen.
The Vostok was the first rocket with enough power to reach a solar orbit, with Lunar 1, launched on January 2, 1959. Luna 2 was the first rocket to reach the Moon, launched September 14, 1959. Luna 3, launched October 4, 1959, was able to take photographs of the far side of the Moon.
Haute-Isle
Haute-Isle is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Val-d'Oise department in north France.
Vostok (rocket family)
A Vostok rocket carried the Vostok 1 spacecraft, carrying Yuri Gagarin, the first person to go into space on April 12, 1961. Vostok 6 carried Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman in space on June 16, 1963.
Saint-Biez-en-Belin
Saint-Biez-en-Belin is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
So What (Pink song)
"So What" is a 2008 song performed by American pop rock singer Pink. The single was the first off her fifth album Funhouse and became her first solo #1 hit in the United States.
Ron Woodroof
Ronald Dickson Woodroof (February 3, 1950 – September 12, 1992) was an American activist and businessman who created what would become known as the Dallas Buyer's Club in March 1988. He was born in Dallas, Texas. After being diagnosed with (HIV) in 1985, he created the group as part of his efforts to find and sell drugs to treat HIV at a time when the disease was poorly understood.
He sued the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) over a ban on peptide T, a drug he was using. Woodroof's final years became the plot of the 2013 movie Dallas Buyers Club where Matthew McConaughey played Woodroof.
Woodroof died on September 12, 1992 from pneumonia brought on by AIDS in Dallas at the age of 42.
Dürbheim
Dürbheim is a municipality in the district Tuttlingen in the state of Baden-Württemberg in Germany. The municipality of Dürbheim has the village Dürbheim and the hamlet Risiberg.
Saint-Calais
Saint-Calais is a commune. It is found in the Pays de la Loire region in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
Schermer
Schermer is a former municipality in the Dutch province of North Holland. Since 2015, it is part of the municipality of Alkmaar.
Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded
Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded is the second studio album by Trinidadian-American rapper Nicki Minaj; it was released on April 2, 2012, by Young Money, Cash Money and Universal Republic. The album was much more fun sounding and featured a hip hop sound to the first half. The second half was more pop heavy.
Track listing
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded.
Bedretto
Bedretto is a municipality of the district of Leventina in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
The Red Snowball Tree
The Red Snowball Tree (Калина красная) is a 1974 Soviet drama movie directed by Vasily Shukshin. It stars Vasili Shukshin, Lidiya Fedoseyeva-Shukshina, and Ivan Ryzhov.
Dimitri Petrov
Dimitri Petrov was a cross-country skier from Bulgaria. Petrov competed at the 1956 Winter Olympics. He was born on 10 February 1932 and died in 2020.
Saint-Calez-en-Saosnois
Saint-Calez-en-Saosnois is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
Akira Konno
Akira Konno (born 12 September 1974) is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
163||24||17||2||15||1||195||27 163||24||17||2||15||1||195||27
Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz
Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz (Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy; UKW), also known as the Casimir the Great University, is a state-funded university in Bydgoszcz, Poland. It was named after Casimir III the Great (Kazimierz III Wielki), the King of Poland (1333–70) who granted the city municipal rights on 19 April 1346.
Cheetos
Cheetos are an extremely popular snack food consisted of cheese curls made through Frito-Lay. The product has been sold using different mascots.
2009 US Open (tennis)
The 2009 US Open was a tennis event played on outdoor hard courts, held between August 31 and September 14, 2009, at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows, New York City, New York, United States.
The event was originally scheduled to be a 14-day event, but due to rain at the men's singles final it was extended by one day.
Women's Singles
🇧🇪 Kim Clijsters beat Caroline Wozniacki, 7–5, 6–3
Men's Doubles
🇨🇿 Lukáš Dlouhý / 🇮🇳 Leander Paes beat 🇮🇳 Mahesh Bhupathi / Mark Knowles, 3–6, 6–3, 6–2
Women's Doubles
🇺🇸 Serena Williams / 🇺🇸 Venus Williams beat Cara Black / 🇺🇸 Liezel Huber, 6–2, 6–2
Mixed Doubles
🇺🇸 Carly Gullickson / 🇺🇸 Travis Parrott beat Cara Black / 🇮🇳 Leander Paes, 6–2, 6–4.
Boys' Singles
🇦🇺 Bernard Tomic beat 🇺🇸 Chase Buchanan, 6–1, 6–3.
Girls' Singles
🇬🇧 Heather Watson beat 🇷🇺 Yana Buchina, 6–4, 6–1.
Boys' Doubles
🇭🇺 Marton Fucsovics / Hsieh Cheng-peng beat 🇫🇷 Julien Obry / 🇫🇷 Adrien Puget, 7–6(5), 5–7, [10–1]
Girls' Doubles
🇷🇺 Valeria Solovieva / 🇺🇦 Maryna Zanevska beat 🇷🇴 Elena Bogdan / 🇹🇭 Noppawan Lertcheewakarn, 1–6, 6–3 [10–7]
Wheelchair Men's Singles
🇯🇵 Shingo Kunieda beat Maikel Scheffers, 6–0, 6–0
Wheelchair Men's Doubles
🇫🇷 Stephane Houdet / 🇸🇪 Stefan Olsson beat Maikel Scheffers /  Ronald Vink, 6–4, 4–6, 6–4
Wheelchair Quad Singles
🇬🇧 Peter Norfolk beat 🇺🇸 David Wagner, 6–3, 3–6, 6–3
Wheelchair Quad Doubles
🇺🇸 Nick Taylor / 🇺🇸 David Wagner beat 🇸🇪 Johan Andersson / 🇬🇧 Peter Norfolk, 6–1, 6–7(5), 6–3
Qualifiers
Below are the lists of the qualifiers entering the main draw.
Women's Singles
The following players received a lucky loser spot in the Men's Draw:
Jean-Charles Corbet
Jean-Charles Corbet is a French Chief executive officer and aviator.
Biography
Graduates from École nationale de l'aviation civile (ÉNAC) of Toulouse (airline pilot promotion 1974 ), he starts his career as air transport pilot in Gabon, waiting to be hired by Air France.
Airline pilot at Air France, he is First officer on Boeing 737 and 747, and then Captain on Airbus A320 before being qualified on Airbus A340.
Head of the Air France section of the Syndicat national des pilotes de ligne, he is causing a ten-day strike at Air France, just before the 1998 FIFA World Cup. In 2001, he is president of Air Lib, airline borns with the merger of AOM French Airlines and Air Liberté.
Amateur rugby union and air sports, Jean-Charles Corbet is also an accomplished motorcyclist.
Sunderland A.F.C.
Sunderland Association Football Club is an English football club. They are from the city of Sunderland.
The club played in the Premier League in the 2005/2006 season, they finished bottom. They played in the Football League Championship in 2006/2007, but were promoted back to the Premiership for 2007/08 under manager Roy Keane.
Sunderland AFC were created in 1879 and joined the Football League in 1891. They have won the league six times. The last time Sunderland won the league was in 1936. Sunderland have won the FA Cup two times, in 1937 and 1973.
For 99 years, Sunderland played their home games at Roker Park. In 1997 they moved, and now play their home games at the Stadium of Light. The stadium holds 49,000 people.
Paolo Bonaiuti
Paolo Bonaiuti (7 July 1940 – 16 October 2019) was an Italian politician and journalist. He was born in Florence. Bonaiuti worked for Il Giorno. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1996 to 2013 and Senate from 2013 to 2018.
Le Heaulme
Le Heaulme is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Val-d'Oise department in north France.
Paolo Bonaiuti
Bonaiuti died on 16 October 2019 in Rome after a long-illness at the age of 79.
Sphere packing
In geometry, Sphere packing refers to a number of problems that try to arrange spheres in space. Very often, the spheres all have the same size, and the space used is usually three-dimensional Euclidean space. The problem is part of packing problems. When it is generalised, not all the spheres need to have the same size, and spaces can be n-dimensional Euclidean space, or hyperbolic space.
A typical sphere packing problem is to find an arrangement in which the spheres fill as large a proportion of the space as possible. The proportion of space filled by the spheres is called the density of the arrangement. As the local density of a packing in an infinite space can vary depending on the volume over which it is measured, the problem is usually to maximise the average or asymptotic density, measured over a large enough volume.
2003 UEFA European Under-19 Championship squads
Players born on or after 1 January 1984 were available to participate in the tournament. Players' age as of 16 July 2003 – the tournament's starting day. Players in bold have later been capped at full international level.
Head coach: 🇮🇹 Paolo Berrettini
Head Coach : 🇩🇪 Ralf Loose
Head coach: 🇳🇴 Egil Olsen
Head coach: Carlos Alberto Lopes Dinis
Head Coach : 🇦🇹 Paul Gludovatz
Head Coach : 🇨🇿 Michal Bílek
Head coach: 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 Stuart Baxter
Head Coach : 🇫🇷 René Girard
Graft-De Rijp
Graft-De Rijp is a former municipality in the Dutch province of North Holland. Since 2015, it has been part of the municipality of Alkmaar.
Ram Lal Rahi
Ram Lal Rahi (1 January 1952 – 10 December 2020) was an Indian politician. He was born in Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh. He was a member of the Indian National Congress (INC) until 2017 when he joined the Bharatiya Janata Party in 2017. In 2019, he re-joined the INC. Rahi was a member of the Lok Sabha between 1977 to 1984 and 1989 to 1996. He also was Minister of State for Home Affairs from 1991 to 1996.
Rahi died on 10 December 2020 at a hospital in Sitapur at the age of 68.
Ràdio i Televisió d'Andorra
Ràdio i Televisió d'Andorra, S.A. (RTVA) ("Radio and Television of Andorra PLC") is the state-owned public television and radio broadcaster in the Principality of Andorra. It works as a television channel, ATV, and a radio station, RNA, both of which broadcast in Catalan.
Rex Tillerson
Rex Wayne Tillerson (born March 23, 1952) is an American businessman and the 69th United States Secretary of State. He served from February 1, 2017 to March 31, 2018. He was the chairman and CEO of Exxon Mobil Corporation, the fifth largest company by market capitalization until his resignation in 2017.
In December 2016, President-elect of the United States Donald Trump announced his intention to nominate Tillerson to be the Secretary of State. The United States Senate approved of his nomination on February 1, 2017 and shortly assumed the office. On March 13, 2018, Trump fired Tillerson and said he would nominate Mike Pompeo to succeed him as Secretary of State. Tillerson's term officially ended on March 31, 2018.
Early life
Tillerson was born on March 23, 1952, in Wichita Falls, Texas. Tillerson received a bachelor's degree in civil engineering from the University of Texas at Austin in 1975.
United States Secretary of State
On the evening of December 10, the BBC cited NBC reports that "sources close to Mr Trump [were] ... saying that Mr Tillerson is likely to be named next week" and that former UN ambassador John Bolton "will serve as his deputy". On December 12, The New York Times reported that he had been chosen. On December 13, 2016, President-elect Donald Trump announced that Tillerson would be his nominee for Secretary of State.
On January 11, 2017, Tillerson's congressional confirmation hearing was held. Tillerson was approved by the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on January 23, 2017, to be Secretary of State when it voted 11-10 to send his nomination to the full Senate. The Senate confirmed Tillerson as Secretary of State on February 1 2017. The Senate voted 56 to 43, with all Republicans in support and 42 Democrats voting against him.
Personal life
Tillerson is married to Renda St. Clair. They have four children. He resides in Irving, Texas.
Pier 39
Pier 39 is a place in San Francisco. It is a popular place for tourists and has many things to do. There are many restaurants, shops, street performances, and a video arcade. Pier 39 is home to many sea lions and a two-level carousel at the end of the pier.
Pier 39 was first developed by Warren Simmons and opened October 4, 1978.
Origin of life
The origin of life on Earth is a scientific problem which is not yet solved. There are many ideas, but few clear facts.
Most experts agree that all life today evolved by common descent from a single primitive lifeform. It is not known how this early life form evolved, but scientists think it was a natural process which happened about 3,900 million years ago. This is in accord with the philosophy of naturalism: only natural causes are admitted.
Islam in Afghanistan
Islam is the state religion of the Afghanistan. About 99.7% of the Afghan population is Muslim. About 80-89% practice Sunni Islam and belong to the Hanafi Islamic law school. 10-19% are Shi'a, most of whom follow the Twelver branch with smaller numbers of Ismailis.
Origin of life
It is not known if metabolism came first or genetics. The main hypothesis which supports genetics first is the RNA world hypothesis, and the one which supports metabolism first is the protein world hypothesis.
Kepler conjecture
The Kepler conjecture is a problem in math. It wants to know the best way to put spheres together so there will be only a little bit of room between the spheres. That means the spheres are put together very tightly, meaning they are dense.
Origin of life
Another big problem is how cells developed. Melvin Calvin, winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, wrote a book on the subject, and so did Alexander Oparin. What links most of the early work on the origin of life is the idea that before life began there must have been a process of chemical change. Another question which has been discussed by J.D. Bernal and others is the origin of the cell membrane. By concentrating the chemicals in one place, the cell membrane performs a vital function.
What we call life has only been verified in things that include RNA, mechanisms for encoding and decoding RNA, and mechanisms for building proteins from amino acids. The search for a verifiable theory of biogenesis is a separate field of research.
Kepler conjecture
Details
The Kepler conjecture is about Sphere packing in three-dimensional Euclidean space. It is named after Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) who first had this idea. Kepler supposed that the ways to pack spheres of equal size that result in the packing with the highest density are face-centered cubic or hexagonal packings. Those two things are crystal structures, meaning ways to put things together in a repeating pattern. These packings have a density of slightly over 74 percent, this means that they fill about 74 percent of space available.
Walker County, Alabama
Walker County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. Its name is in honor of John Williams Walker, a member of the United States Senate. As of the 2020 census, the population was 65,342. Its county seat is Jasper.
Origin of life
Earliest claimed life on Earth
These rocks are as old as 4.28 billion years. The tubular forms they contain are shown in a report. If this is the oldest record of life on Earth, it suggests "an almost instantaneous emergence of life" after oceans formed 4.4 billion years ago. According to Stephen Blair Hedges, "If life arose relatively quickly on Earth… then it could be common in the universe".
Previous earliest
A scientific study from 2002 showed that geological formations of stromatolites 3.45 billion years old contain fossilized cyanobacteria. At the time it was widely agreed that stromatolites were the oldest known lifeforms on Earth which had left a record of its existence. Therefore, if life originated on Earth, this happened sometime between 4.4 billion years ago, when water vapor first liquefied, and 3.5 billion years ago. This is the background to the latest discovery discussed above.
The earliest evidence of life comes from the Isua supercrustal belt in Western Greenland, and from similar formations in the nearby Akilia Islands. This is because a high level of the lighter isotope of carbon is found there. Living things take up lighter isotopes because this takes less energy. Carbon entering into rock formations has a concentration of elemental δ13C of about −5.5. of 12C, biomass has a δ13C of between −20 and −30. These isotopic fingerprints are preserved in the rocks. With this evidence, Mojzis suggested that life existed on the planet already by 3.85 billion years ago. Against that view is the evidence that our Solar System is very unusual in several respects. For example, it is clear that most star systems have their largest planet close to their star.
Spontaneous generation
Until the early 19th century many people believed in the regular spontaneous generation of life from non-living matter. This was called spontaneous generation, and was disproved by Louis Pasteur. He showed that without spores no bacteria or viruses grew on sterile material.
Darwin
In a letter to Joseph Dalton Hooker on 11 February 1871, Charles Darwin proposed a natural process for the origin of life.
He suggested that the original spark of life may have begun in a "warm little pond, with all sorts of ammonia and phosphoric salts, lights, heat, electricity, etc. A protein compound was then chemically formed ready to undergo still more complex changes". He went on to explain that "at the present day such matter would be instantly devoured or absorbed, which would not have been the case before living creatures were formed".