cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Francisca Aguirre
Aguirre was born in Alicante. She was the daughter of noted painter Lorenzo Aguirre. She was married to fellow poet Félix Grande from 1963 until his death in 2014. The couple had one daughter, poet and essayist Guadalupe Grande (born 1965).
George Moscone
Early life
Moscone was born on November 24, 1929 in San Francisco, California. He studied at St. Ignatius College Preparatory and at University of the Pacific.
Francisca Aguirre
Aguirre died in Madrid on 13 April 2019. She was 88.
George Moscone
Personal life
Moscone was married to Gina Bodanza until his death. He had 4 children.
Mayoralty career
Moscone was mayor when he and Harvey Milk were shot dead by Dan White on November 27, 1978 in San Francisco City Hall. Moscone was later buried.
In popular culture
In the 2008 movie Milk, he was played by Victor Garber.
Sebastian Vasiliadis
Sebastian Vasiliadis (Σεμπάστιαν Βασιλειάδης; born 4 October 1997) is a Greek-German professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for German club Arminia Bielefeld.
Personal life
Vasiliadis was born in Auenwald, Germany to a Greek father and a German mother.
Wakasa Province
Wakasa Province (若狭国) was an old province of Japan in the area of Fukui Prefecture on the island of Honshū. It was also known as Jakushū (若州) or Reinan (嶺南).
The province had borders with Echizen, Ōmi, Tamba, Tango, and Yamashiro Provinces.
The ancient capital city of the province was Obama.
History
In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures. The maps of Japan and Wakasa Province were reformed in the 1870s.
Shrines and Temples
Wakasahiko jinja was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Wakasa.
Giannino Castiglioni
Giannino "Gio" Castiglioni (4 August 1884 – 27 August 1971) was an Italian architect, urbanist, painter and sculptor. His style was representational. Castiglioni was born in Milan and studied at the Accademia di Brera. He finished his studies there in 1906. From the early 1900s he primarily lived and worked in Lierna, a town on Lake Como. In 1951, he designed the master plan, the square, and several individual buildings in Lierna.
Works
In his early career, Castiglione worked mainly as a painter. His later works were sculptures.
Urinal deodorizer block
Urinal deodorizer blocks are the small disinfectant blocks found in urinals. There are many other words for them, such as: "piss biscuit", "urinal cake", "urinal mint", or "urinal puck".
The blocks are used to kill germs and take away the bad smell of urinals in public bathrooms. They are put over the urinal drain and evaporate very slowly. Because they do not dissolve or break apart in water, they do not take away the smell of the flushing water or urine. Different blocks are made with different chemicals, like paradichlorobenzene or naphthalene. The block is something scented to smell like different things, such as cherries.
Galtür
Galtür is a municipality and ski resort in the district of Kufstein in the Austrian state of Tyrol.
List of kings of the Picts
This list includes Pictish kings since 312, kings have ruled the Picts since around 800 BC but the monarchs listed here are the kings and queens who have ruled the whole of Pictland or claimed to have ruled the whole of Pictland.
List of flag bearers for Azerbaijan at the Olympics
This is a list of flag bearers who have represented Azerbaijan at the Olympics.
Flag bearers carry the national flag of their country at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games.
Vicente Cantatore
Vicente Cantatore (6 October 1935 – 15 January 2021) was an Argentine-Chilean football player and manager. He was born in Rosario, Argentina. His playing career lasted from 1955 to 1970. His managing career lasted from 1980 to 2001.
He managed the Chilean national team, Real Valladolid and Sevilla.
Cantatore died on 15 January 2021 in Valladolid, Spain at the age of 85.
Weißensberg
Weißensberg is a municipality in the district of Lindau in Bavaria in Germany.
Geli Raubal
Geli Raubal (June 4, 1908–September 18, 1931), sometimes known as Angela Raubal was Adolf Hitler's half-niece. She was born in Linz, Austria-Hungary. She shot herself dead in Hitler's apartment in Munich, Weimar Republic. She is buried in Zentralfriedhof, Vienna, Austria.
Kingdom of Sicily
The Kingdom of Sicily was a kingdom that existed in southern Italian Peninsula, what is now Sicily, Calabria, Basilicata, Apulia, Campania, and Molise.
Norman conquest
The Kingdom of Sicily succeeded the County of Sicily which was created in 1071 during the Norman conquest of the peninsula.
Crown of Aragon
From 1282 to 1409, Sicily was ruled by the Crown of Aragon. After 1302, the island kingdom was sometimes called the Kingdom of Trinacria, In 1816, the Kingdom of Sicily merged with the Kingdom of Naples to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
In 1861, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was invaded and conquered by an Expedition Corp (Expedition of the Thousand) led by Giuseppe Garibaldi during the Italian unification. After a referendum, Two Sicilies was annexed by the Kingdom of Sardinia. Later, with several other northern city-states and duchies, formed the new Kingdom of Italy.
Manuel Blanco Encalada
Manuel José Blanco y Calvo de Encalada (April 21, 1790 – September 5, 1876) was a vice-admiral in the Chilean Navy. He later became a political figure, and the first President of the provisional government of Chile in 1826.
Washed Out (movie)
Washed Out (Isprani) is a 1995 Croatian drama movie directed by Zrinko Ogresta. It stars Katarina Bistrović-Darvaš, Josip Kučan and Mustafa Nadarević.
Reservoir
A reservoir is a lake that is usually man-made (meaning it was made by people). Reservoirs are used to store water for various uses like drinking or making electricity. There are also natural reservoirs, which means they were made by nature.
Guelph
Guelph is a city in southern Ontario. It is called the Royal City. It has often been rated as one of Canada's best places to live. This is because it has a low unemployment rate and a low crime rate. In the 2011 census, Guelph had a population of 121,688. Guelph has warm, humid summers that can reach up to 30 °C and cold winters coming down to -25 °C. It is classified Dfb in the Köppen climate classification system.
Media
CJOY 1460
CFRU 93.3
Michael Shaw, Baron Shaw of Northstead
Michael Norman Shaw, Baron Shaw of Northstead (9 October 1920 – January 2021) was a British Conservative Party politician. He was a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1960 to 1964 and from 1966 to 1992. He was a member of the National Liberal, before becoming a Conservative. He was born in Leeds, West Yorkshire.
From 1973 to 1979, he was a Member of the European Parliament.
Shaw turned 100 in October 2020. He died three months later in January 2021.
Teuillac
Teuillac is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Richard Sugarman
Richard Sugarman (born July 12, 1944) is an American academic and political advisor. He is a Professor of Religion and Philosophy at the University of Vermont. He has been called a "world-renowned expert on the Lithuanian-born philosopher Emmanuel Levinas." He is a political advisor to presidential candidate Bernie Sanders on his 2016 presidential campaign.
Weserstadion
The Weserstadion is a stadium in Bremen, Germany. It lies to the right side of the Weser, in the Pauliner Marsch, a flooding area in the quarter of Peterswerder. It is the homeground of the Werder Bremen football club.
History
The Weser stadium was built in 1909 by Bremen's Allgemeiner Bremer Turn- und Sportverein as a sports field. After its first change in the year 1926, it was given the name ATSB Kampfbahn. Today's name, which goes back to the direct situation at the Weser river, exists since the year 1930. Since this time there also the sports association Werder Bremen makes its plays. At the beginning of the first season of the soccer Bundesliga in the year 1963 the stadium received its first roofed grandstand. In the following decades also the other grandstands were built and modernized gradually. 1992 for the first time in a stadium a VIP Loge was inserted.
Colette (2013 movie)
Colette, also released under the name of Prisoner of Auschwitz, is a 2013 Slovakian Czech Dutch World War II biographical drama movie directed by Milan Cieslar and starring Andrej Hryc, Eric Bouwer, Jirí Mádl, Jan Cina, Zuzana Mauréry.
Roberto Martínez
Roberto Martínez Montoliú (born 13 July 1973) is a Spanish football manager and former footballer. He is currently the manager of the Portugal national team.
Siegfried Pank
Siegfried Pank (born 24 March 1936) is a German cellist and viol player. He was a member of the Gewandhausorchester in Leipzig from 1962 to 1980. He also performed with the Neues Bachisches Collegium Musicum.
He lectured in cello and viol at the Musikhochschule Leipzig from 1984, as professor from 1988 to 2001. He helped start the International Telemann Association in 1991.
Plank was born in Salzwedel, Saxony-Anhalt.
Zugspitze
The Zugspitze (Bavarian: Zugspitz) is located in Bavaria, Germany. It is the highest mountain in Germany. It is 2962 m above sea level. It attracts thousands of visitors every year.
Christian apologetics
Christian apologetics is a field of Christian theology that tries to find a rational basis for the Christian faith. There have been many people who tried to do this, including Paul of Tarsus, Origen, Augustine of Hippo and C. S. Lewis. Apologists base their arguments on historical evidence and philosophy, amongst others.
Peter Orlovsky
Orlovsky was born on July 8, 1933 in New York City, New York and studied at Columbia University. Orlovsky's father was a Russian immigrant. Orlovsky died on May 30, 2010 in Williston, Vermont from lung cancer, aged 76. He was buried in Williston.
Stone Temple Pilots
Stone Temple Pilots (often called STP) is an American rock band that played in the 1990s and early 2000s. They broke up in 2003 but reformed in 2008. The band has Scott Weiland (vocals), brothers Robert (bass guitar, vocals) and Dean DeLeo (guitar), and Eric Kretz (drums, percussion). The band's five albums have sold more than 17.5 million in the United States alone and more than 30 million albums worldwide. The band had fifteen top ten singles, or songs sold on their own, on the Billboard rock charts, including six #1's, and one #1 album on the pop charts (1994's Purple). In 1994, the band won a Grammy for "Best Hard Rock Performance" for their song "Plush". Stone Temple Pilots were also ranked at #40 by VH1 on the 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock list.
The band released the greatest-hits album  Thank You in 2003. The band then fell apart. Since the band's end, Weiland moved on to become the frontman of Velvet Revolver with former members of Guns N' Roses. The DeLeo brothers started the band Army of Anyone with Richard Patrick from the band Filter. Army of Anyone released its first album in 2006, which was also called Army of Anyone. Kretz started Bomb Shelter Studios in Los Angeles.
In 2008, Stone Temple Pilots reformed. They went on a concert tour that began on May 1 and ended on October 30. In a short time, they will return to the studio to record a seventh album.
History
Scott Weiland and Robert DeLeo met during a concert. They formed a band with two of Scott's friends from Edison High School, Corey Hicock (guitar) and David Allen (drums). They then named their band Mighty Joe Young and recorded a demo tape that was completed around 1990. During the recording, they got a call from their lawyer who told them that there was a blues man who had already claimed the name Mighty Joe Young. They changed the band's name to Shirley Temple's Pussy and performed under this name for a short time, but then changed the name again due to record label pressure. They decided to use the initials STP and soon used the name Stone Temple Pilots in 1992.
Jason Davis (actor)
Jason Davis (October 14, 1984 – February 16, 2020) was an American actor. He was best known for his role as the voice of Mikey Blumberg from the animated television series Recess. He appeared on Millionaire Matchmaker and Jessabelle. He was a cast member on the fourth season of VH1's Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew, which documented his treatment for substance abuse.
Davis died in Los Angeles on February 16, 2020 at the age of 35.
Peace Corps
The Peace Corps is an independent United States federal agency. The Peace Corps was started by Executive Order 10924 on March 1, 1961, and allowed by Congress on September 22, 1961, with passage of the Peace Corps Act (Public Law 87-293). The first president of the Peace Corps was Sargent Shriver. The Peace Corps Act says the purpose of the Peace Corps is: “to promote world peace and friendship through a Peace Corps, which shall make available to interested countries and areas men and women of the United States qualified for service abroad and willing to serve, under conditions of hardship if necessary, to help the peoples of such countries and areas in meeting their needs for trained manpower.”
Since 1960, more than 190,000 people have served as Peace Corps volunteers in 139 countries.
Combat boot
Combat boots are military boots designed to be worn by soldiers during combat or combat training. They are not intended for wear during parades and other ceremonial duties.
Modern combat boots are designed to provide a combination of grip, ankle stability, and foot protection suitable for a rugged environment. They are traditionally made of hardened and sometimes waterproofed leather. Today, many combat boots incorporate technologies originating in civilian hiking boots, such as Gore-Tex nylon side panels, which improve ventilation and comfort. They are also often specialized for certain climates and conditions, such as jungle boots, desert boots, and cold weather boots as well as specific uses, such as tanker boots and jump boots.
Oklahoma City bombing
The Oklahoma City bombing was a terrorist attack on April 19, 1995 on the U.S. government. The Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States, was attacked by Timothy McVeigh. The truck bombing destroyed much of the building. As a result it had to be demolished. McVeigh and Terry Nichols detonated a truck bomb, killing 168 people and injuring over 800 people. Until the September 11 attacks, it was the deadliest act of terrorism in the US.
Mazurka
The Mazurka is a Polish country dance. It comes from an area called Mazovia near Warsaw where the people are called Mazurs. It was known in the 16th century. In the 17th century its popularity spread all over Poland and by the 19th century it was becoming known in England and then the United States. The Mazurka is very similar to the Kujawiak which is a dance from another district near Warsaw.
The Mazurka is a lively dance in 3/4 metre. It has lots of dotted rhythms and the fourth note of the scale is often sharpened. The dancers often click their heels on the 2nd or 3rd beat of the bar. The speed is not always fast, it can be slow, but it is a wilder dance than the waltz which is also in 3/4 time and had become very popular as a ballroom dance.
The composer Frédéric Chopin wrote more than 50 mazurkas for the piano. Chopin really shows his genius in these pieces. They are very beautiful and there is a lot of variety and interest in them. Many of them are not all that difficult to play. Some of them have very chromatic bits in them.
There were other classical composers who wrote Mazurkas, but none of them are as good as those of Chopin. Some Russian composers like Glinka and Tchaikovsky wrote several mazurkas. It was danced a lot in Russia in the 19th century and it is mentioned a lot in Russian novels. In the 20th century Karol Szymanowski wrote several mazurkas.
Gudiyattam taluk
Gudiyattam taluk is a taluk in Vellore district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Gudiyattam.
Tizac-de-Lapouyade
Tizac-de-Lapouyade is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Bob Anderson
Robert James Gilbert Anderson (September 15, 1922–January 1, 2012) was an English athlete who represented Great Britain in the fencing at the 1952 Summer Olympics. He choreographed the sword fights for many movies including Star Wars and The Lord of the Rings movie trilogy.
Jan Wraży
Jan Aleksander Wraży (10 October 1943 – 7 April 2019) was a Polish footballer. He played as a midfielder.
Wraży was born in Lwow (now Lviv, Ukraine). He played for clubs Katowice, Górnik Zabrze and Valenciennes. He also played seven times for Poland. He died in 2019 in Mons, Belgium, at the age of 75.
Sit-in
A sit-in or sit-down is a form of direct action that involves one or more persons non-violently occupying an area for a protest.
Laser
A laser is a machine that makes an amplified, single-color source of light. It uses special gases or crystals to make the light with only a single color. The gases are energized to make them emit light. Then mirrors are used to amplify (make stronger) the light. In many lasers all the light travels in one direction, so it stays as a narrow beam of Collimated light that does not get wider or weaker as most sources of light do.
Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset
Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset (c. 1506 – 22 January, 1552) was an English peer and politician. He was Lord Protector of England during the reign of King Edward VI, because Edward was too young to rule alone. He served as Lord Protector from 1547 to 1552, when he was executed for treason.
Laser
When pointed, this narrow beam makes a single point of light. The energy of the light stays in that one narrow beam instead of spreading out like a flashlight (electric torch).
The word "laser" is an acronym for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation". Both the device and its name were developed from the earlier Maser.
Mechanism
A laser creates light by special actions involving a material called an "optical gain medium". Energy is put into this material using an 'energy pump'. This can be electricity, another light source, or some other source of energy. The energy makes the material go into what is called an excited state. This means the electrons in the material have extra energy, and after a bit of time they will lose that energy. When they lose the energy they will release a photon (a particle of light). The type of optical gain medium used will change what color (wavelength) will be produced. Releasing photons is the "stimulated emission of radiation" part of laser.
At this point, the light is still weak. The mirrors on either side bounce the light back and forth, and this hits other parts of the optical gain medium, causing those parts to also release photons, generating more light ("light amplification"). When all of the optical gain medium is producing light, this is called saturation and creates a very strong beam of light at a very narrow wavelength, which we would call a laser beam.
Design
The light moves through the medium between the two mirrors that reflect the light back and forth between them. One of the mirrors, however, only partially reflects the light, allowing some to escape. The escaping light makes up the laser beam.
This is a simple design; the type of optical gain medium used usually defines the type of laser. It can be a crystal, examples are ruby and a garnet crystal made of yttrium and aluminum with the rare earth metal mixed in. Gases can be used for laser by using helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, neon or others. Large, powerful lasers are usually gas lasers. A free-electron laser uses a beam of electrons and can be tuned to emit different colors. Finally, the smallest lasers use semiconductor diodes to produce the light. These are the most numerous kind, used in electronics.
History
Albert Einstein was the first to have the idea of stimulated emission that could produce a laser. From that point many years were spent to see if the idea worked. At first, people succeeded in making masers and later figured how to make shorter visible wavelengths. It was not until 1959 that the name laser was coined by Gordon Gould in a research paper. The first working laser was put together and operated by Theodore Maiman at the Hughes Research Laboratories in 1960. Many people started working on lasers at this time, and the question of who would get the patent for the laser wasn't decided until 1987 (Gould won the rights).
Applications
Lasers have found many uses in everyday life as well as in industry. Lasers are found in CD and DVD players, where they read the code from the disk that stores a song or movie. A laser is often used to read the bar codes or SQR codes on things sold in a store, to identify a product and give its price. Lasers are used in medicine, particularly in LASIK eye surgery, where the laser is used to repair the shape of the cornea. It is used in chemistry with spectroscopy to identify materials, to find out what kind of gases, solids or liquids something is made of. Stronger lasers can be used to cut metal.
Lasers are used to measure the distance of the Moon from Earth by reflecting off reflectors left by the Apollo missions. By measuring the time it takes for the light to travel to the Moon and back again we can find out exactly how far away the moon is.
Laser pointers are used by people to point at a place on a map or diagram. For example, lecturers use them. Also, many people like to play with laser pointers. Some people have pointed them at aircraft. This is dangerous, and it is also illegal in many countries. People have been arrested and prosecuted for this crime.
Computers commonly use an optical computer mouse as an input device. Modern laser pointers are too big and powerful for this use, so most mice use small VCSEL's, or "Vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers" for this purpose. These lasers are also used in DVD, CD-ROM drives, laser printer and holography.
Binary solution
A binary solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more than two substances whose composition can change within a certain limits. The boiling point of binary solution depends upon the solution composition and there can be three cases:
Great Society
The Great Society was a set of programs proposed or enacted in the United States by President Lyndon B. Johnson. Two main goals of the Great Society were to end poverty and to end racial discrimination. New major spending programs that dealt with education, medical care, urban problems, and transportation were started during this period. The Great Society was like the New Deal domestic plan of Franklin D. Roosevelt, but had very different programs.
Unlike the New Deal, the Great Society focused more on people rather than the economy. Medicaid and Medicare were implemented to help poor Americans. President Lyndon B. Johnson’s Great Society was the largest expansion of spending programs since the Great Depression. Many of the programs that exist can be attributed to the passage of the Great Society.
Huck Gutman
Huck Gutman (born about 1944) is an American academic and political advisor. He is a Professor of English at the University of Vermont. He was the Chief of Staff to U.S. presidential candidate Bernie Sanders. He co-wrote Sanders' political memoir, Outsider in the White House.
Terry Nichols
Terry Lynn Nichols (born April 1, 1955) is a U.S. Army veteran who was convicted of being an accomplice of Timothy McVeigh, the man convicted of murder in the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, April 19, 1995), which killed 168 people.
Kepler-16b
Kepler-16b is a planet outside our solar system. It orbits the Kepler-16A and Kepler-16B stars 245 ly away from Earth. Bill Borucki discovered it in 2011. It is 107781 km in diameter. It has a surface temperature of -85 C. It has a orbital period of 228.8 days, similar to Venus. It has a orbital radius of 0.7048 AU.
Key Largo
Key Largo is a 1948 American crime drama movie directed by John Huston and was based on the 1939 play of the same name by Maxwell Anderson. It stars Humphrey Bogart, Edward G. Robinson, Lauren Bacall, Lionel Barrymore, Claire Trevor (in her Oscar winning role), Thomas Gomez, Marc Lawrence and was distributed by Warner Bros..
Palmerston North (New Zealand electorate)
Palmerston North is an electorate of the New Zealand House of Representatives. It is in Palmerston North.
Toulenne
Toulenne is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Haikouichthys
Haikouichthys is an extinct early fish-like craniate.
Belt
A belt is a piece of clothing worn around a person's waist. They can be used to hold up trousers(pants, men) or skirts(women) or for carrying things in pockets, such as on a utility belt, which police use. Belts are commonly made using cloth or leather. They are worn by men and women, however men wear them more casually and formally. The most common colors are black and brown. Belts have buckles. Belts are thread around belt loops on trousers(usually Jeans and dress pants for men). Belts have holes which the buckle is put into., making them looser to tighter. Cowboys often wear belt and customize/pick their buckles.
Haikouichthys
These creatures have backbones and distinct heads, and lived about 530 million years ago, during the Cambrian explosion.
Sanger, California
Sanger is a city in Fresno County, California. It is almost 20 km east of Fresno. In 2010, 18,731 people lived there.
President of Liberia
The President of the Republic of Liberia is the head of state and government of Liberia. The president serves as the leader of the executive branch and as commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of Liberia.
History
Between 1847 and 1980, the presidency was exclusively held by Americo-Liberians, the original American settlers of Liberia and their descendants. The original two-party system, with the Republican Party and the True Whig Party, ended in 1878, when the election of Anthony W. Gardiner marked the beginning of 102 years of single-party rule by the True Whigs.
Under the 1986 Constitution, the president is directly elected by eligible voters to a six-year term, which may be renewed once. Overall, 22 individuals have served as president. On January 22, 2018, George Weah was sworn in as the twenty-fifth and current president.
Terms
Under the original 1847 Constitution, the president was elected to a two-year term, which was increased to four years on May 7, 1907. Under this amendment, a new president would serve for eight years and could be re-elected to unlimited four-year terms.
Currently, the president is elected by popular vote to a six-year term and is limited to two terms.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a type of psychotherapy which helps people change unhealthy thoughts and behaviors. Cognitive behavioral therapists teach their patients to use coping skills (healthy ways to deal with problems). They also show their patients how their thoughts are not accurate. These unhealthy thought patterns are called cognitive distortions. CBT says that these inaccurate thoughts lead to unhealthy feelings and behaviors. By changing these thoughts, patients can change how they feel and act. CBT combines parts of cognitive therapy and behavior therapy. Using this combination of therapies, CBT helps patients to identify problems in their lives and tries to help them feel better.
CBT is a common treatment for mood disorders. It is popular because it works well, has a clear structure, and is based on common sense. Research shows that CBT works better than any other treatment for people with depression and anxiety. After completing 5 - 15 modules of CBT, 50 - 75% of people with depression and anxiety feel better. Medication alone also works, but science still does not understand how these medications affect the brain and body over time. Also, some evidence says that CBT costs less than medication in the long run. However, when medication and CBT are used together, patients with mental illnesses get the best results. In particular, antidepressants paired with CBT could prevent people with depression from getting depressed again in the future.
CBT can also treat personality disorders, post traumatic stress disorder and eating disorders. Therapists can do CBT with a single patient, in a therapy group, or online.
History
In the early 1900s, Austrian psychotherapist Alfred Adler suggested that therapists should pay attention to their patients’ cognitions (the way they think). He talked about how making basic mistakes can make people feel bad.
Adler’s work inspired American psychologist Albert Ellis to develop rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT) in the 1950s. REBT was one of the earliest forms of cognitive therapy.
Féchy
Notable people
British rock drummer Phil Collins lived in Féchy.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy
History
In the 1950s and 1960s, American psychiatrist Aaron T. Beck developed a cognitive model of mental illness, which would later become a part of CBT. This cognitive model says that people feel bad because of the way they think about an event, not the actual event itself. While doing psychoanalysis, Beck noticed that his depressed patients had a lot of negative thoughts about themselves, he world, and the future. They seemed like they were ‘talking’ to themselves in their thoughts. However, they only shared some of these thoughts with Beck. For example, a person might have thought to themselves, “The therapist is being very quiet today; I wonder if he’s mad at me?” and then began to feel anxious as a result.
Rock Island, Oklahoma
Rock Island is a town in Oklahoma in the United States.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy
History
In the 1960s, researchers did a number of scientific experiments to study how thoughts affect behaviours and emotions. This period in the history of psychotherapy is called “the cognitive revolution,” and is also known as the “second wave” of CBT.
How it works
CBT targets different kinds of maladaptive thinking. The goal is to recognise unhealthy thoughts and develop them into positive thinking patterns. In that sense, CBT is scientific because irrational beliefs are thought of as theories which are tested to see if they are true. CBT is structured in that it uses an ABC format. A represents the activating event which triggers B, your beliefs. This is followed by C, the consequences, which are your actions. Beliefs are composed of different types of thinking. Some examples include catastrophising where small problems are blown out of proportion and all-or-nothing thinking which involves thinking in extremes. When creating solutions, the therapist and patient need to come to an agreement on attainable goals. They follow a criteria which is characterised as SMART: specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time-limited. Specific and measurable highlight the science behind CBT as the goals are used to test the "hypothesis". Achievable, realistic and time-limited ensure that the patient makes small stages of progress through the intervention.
Techniques
One of the key reasons why CBT is so effective is because of its interactive nature. This is known as collaborative empiricism; the patient and therapist work together in targeting problems and changing negative mindsets. This means that patients play an active role in improving their mental health which is a key element that distinguishes CBT from other treatments. Therapists encourage patients to be active by setting them tasks. This may be noting down positive moments throughout their day or producing a list of things to complete. CBT combines cognitive and behavioural methods to maximise its effect. Therapists often set their patients homework which challenge their irrational beliefs. When patients feel down because of these beliefs, the therapist can produce this as evidence. An example of a behavioural method is that therapists help their patients to collect evidence that challenges the use of their avoidance behaviours. The techniques aim to prepare patient with the skills they need to target their problems independently in the future.
Uses
Cognitive-behavior therapy can be effectively used as a short-term treatment centered on helping people with a very specific problem and teaching them to focus on present thoughts and beliefs.
Why it's effective
CBT is now increasingly recommended because it is successful in changing the patient's way of thinking. As previously mentioned, it's effective because patients participate in improving their mental health. They are encouraged to be proactive by acting as their own therapist. This means that once the sessions are over, patients are left with the skills they need to manage their problems. Furthermore, it works because the patient and therapist develop a healthy relationship. It is built upon understanding, cooperation and empathy. Therapists show patience when patients struggle to identify their negative thoughts or when adopting new coping mechanisms. Compromise is also a key element in this relationship, if a strategy is not working, they are willing to work together to find a better solution. It is also effective because CBT focuses mainly on the present. It does not dive into the patient's past because CBT aims to improve the patient's current state of mind.
Criticisms
Even though it is very popular, CBT has faced criticism. CBT focuses on a patient’s thoughts and the problems they are having in their lives. Critics say CBT does not look at the patient as a whole. CBT also ignores the patient’s past experiences. Because they ignore the patient's past, therapists might not understand how the patient first developed negative thought patterns. Ignoring the root causes of these thought patterns can make it difficult to identify solutions.
CBT is an interactive therapy. This can make it difficult for patients with mood disorders than can cause low energy, like depression. Some of these patients might not have enough energy to do all the work required by CBT.
Revisions
Since the emergence of CBT, several revisions and models have been made. One example is the Five Areas model. This model was created because traditional CBT tends to use complex terms which may be unsuitable for some patients or colleagues who do not specialise in CBT. The Five Areas model aims to be more versatile by using language that can easily be understood. In that sense, this model is not a new approach. Instead, it is a revision of standard CBT. The Five Areas model specifically focuses on five key elements, hence the name. These are life situation, altered thinking, altered emotions, altered physical feelings and altered behaviour.
Jump boot
Jump boots are the combat boots worn by paratroopers. They have calf-length lacing and hard toes. During World War II, many countries came up with their own type of jump boots. The uppers are usually made of smooth black leather that is easy to shine. It is also a paratrooper tradition to lace jump boots in a ladder or cobweb style which increases ankle support during a parachute jump.
Nevermind
Nevermind is the second studio album by the American rock band, Nirvana. It was released on September 24, 1991 by DGC Records. It was produced by Butch Vig and was the first release by the band on the record label. It was also the first release with drummer Dave Grohl.
Even though it wasn't thought to have been very popular before its release, Nevermind was a very big success. On January 11, 1992, it had reached number one on the US Billboard 200. The main single, "Smells Like Teen Spirit" was very successful and reached number six on the Billboard Hot 100. The three other singles were: "Come as You Are", "Lithium", and "In Bloom". Nevermind was selling up to 300,000 copies a week between 1991 and 1992.
Nevermind has sold over 30 million copies worldwide, making it one of the best-selling albums ever. Nevermind helped to make both grunge music and alternative rock popular. It has been known as one of the greatest albums of all time.
Dendropsophus delarivai
Dendropsophus delarivai is a frog that lives in Peru. Scientists have seen this between 500 and 1500 meters above sea level.
Nevermind
Background
Nirvana was a rock band from Aberdeen, Washington, formed by Kurt Cobain (vocals and guitar) and Krist Novoselic (bass guitar) in 1987. They first signed to the Seattle record label Sub Pop. The band released their first album on this label called Bleach in 1989 with Chad Channing on drums. Channing left Nirvana after this album in 1990, and the band needed a drummer. After seeing punk band Scream, Cobain and Novoselic liked the drumming by Dave Grohl. When Scream broke up after this, Grohl joined Nirvana as the drummer.
During the start of the 1990s, Sub Pop was having a difficult time with money. Because of this, Nirvana looked for a new record label. They ended up signing with DGC Records
Title and cover
The first name for the album before its release was Sheep. This came from the kind of people Cobain thought were going to buy the album (sheep is a word meaning someone who does what other people do). The title was later changed to Nevermind as it was what Cobain thought about bad things in his life.
The album cover of Nevermind shows a naked baby (Spencer Elden) swimming underwater with a U.S. dollar bill on a fishhook. This is just out of the baby's reach. Cobain wanted to have a photo of a water birth on the cover but the record label wouldn't let him.
Tresses
Tresses is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
David Giuntoli
David Giuntoli (born June 18, 1980) is an American actor. He is best known for the lead role of Detective Nick Burkhardt in the television series Grimm.
Joseph E. Duncan III
Joseph Edward Duncan III (February 25, 1963 – March 28, 2021) was an American convicted serial killer and child molester. He was on death row in federal prison for the 2005 kidnappings and murders of members of the Groene family of Coeur d'Alene, Idaho.
He was also serving 11 consecutive sentences of life without parole for the Groene muders and the 1997 murder of Anthony Martinez of Beaumont, California.
Epsom
Epsom is a town in northern Surrey. The town is known for its race course and the horse race held there. It is owned by the Jockey Club, it is one of few racecourses in the UK that maintains a fantastic relationship with Queen Elizabeth, who attends annually to watch The Derby in early June. The first recorded race held at Epsom Downs Racecourse was in 1661. The Epsom Grandstand Association controlled racing on the course from the mid 19th century.
The town also gives it name to epsom salts which are found in mineral water here. By the end of the Georgian period (early 1800s) Epsom was a spa town. After the Restoration of Charles II in 1660 its popularity increased, and visitors included Nell Gwyn and Samuel Pepys. The popularity of the spa declined after about 1725, but by then numerous large houses had been built by wealthy people who appreciated the nearness to London. Assembly rooms were built and still stand as the Assembly Rooms public house. Some remains of this are its water pump, wells and exhibits in the town's museum. A housing estate has been built upon the wells in the south-west of the town.
Drew Pinsky
David Drew Pinsky (born September 4, 1958 ), commonly known as Dr. Drew, is an American addiction expert and media personality. He hosted the nationally syndicated radio talk show Loveline from 1984 until its end in 2016.
On television, he hosted the talk show Dr. Drew On Call on HLN and the daytime series Lifechangers on The CW. In addition, he was producer and starred in the VH1 show Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew, and its spinoffs Sex Rehab with Dr. Drew, Celebrity Rehab Presents Sober House.
Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria
Biography
He was born in Munich and was the eldest son of Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria and Maria Anna of Austria a daughter of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor.
On 8 December 1650 he married Henriette Adelaide of Savoy, daughter of Victor Amadeus I of Savoy and Christine Marie of France. The couple had seven children.
Still a minor he succeeded his father in 1651, his mother and his uncle Albert VI of Bavaria served as regents of Bavaria for three years.
Ferdinand Maria was crowned on 31 October 1654. He was an absolute monarch. He allied with France. Ferdinand Maria supported the wars of the Habsburgs against the Ottoman Empire with Bavarian forces (1662-1664). During the Franco-Dutch War since 1672 Bavaria became neutral. The marriage of his eldest daughter Maria Anna and her cousin Louis, Grand Dauphin in 1680 cemented the alliance with France. Ferdinand Maria modernised the army and introduced the first Bavarian local government code. He made Bavaria a rich nation.
He died in Schleissheim Palace and was succeeded by his son Maximilian II Emanuel. He is buried at the Theatiner Church.
Caradoc
Caradoc was a knight of the Round Table. He was raised as the son of Caradoc the Elder, the king of Nates. His mother had an affair with a sorcerer named Eliavres who was his real father. During a beheading game, he chopped off his opponents head. The corpse replaced the head and explained that he was Caradoc’s biological father. Humiliated, he took his father and locked him in a tower. While attempting to escape, the wizard made a serpent wrap itself around his son's arm. A witch persuaded Eliaures, who was a magician, to make the snake attach itself to Caradoc's arm, sucking his blood. His friend Cador saved his life by putting his sister Guimer in a vat of milk and Caradoc in a vat of sour wine. This got the snake to cross from one vat to the other, giving Cador the chance to kill it with his sword. The attack caused Caradoc’s arm to “shrivel away”, and he became known as Breifbras (little-arm). Later in life he married Guignier. Due to Caradoc’s mother’s infidelity, he was very paranoid and made his wife go through a chastity test while they were both in Camelot. She passed the test and the two were given the city of Cirencester as a reward.
Thiruvananthapuram
Thiruvananthapuram (തിരുവനന്തപുരം) is the capital city of the Indian state of Kerala. The city used to be known by the name of Trivandrum. It is on the west coast of India near the far south of the mainland. With 889,191 people as of 2001, it is the biggest city in Kerala in terms of size and number of people.
The city is the state capital and houses many national and state government offices, organizations and companies. It is also a major center of learning and is home to several schools and colleges including Kerala University, and to many scientific institutions, the most prominent being the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Technopark, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB) and Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST).
Origin of name
Thiruvananthapuram literally means "City of Lord Anantha" in Malayalam. The name derives from the god of the Hindu temple at the centre of the city. Anantha is the serpent Shesha on whom Padmanabhan or Vishnu lies. The temple of Vishnu lying on Ananta, the Sri Padmanabhaswamy Temple is the most recognizable landmark of the city. The city was officially known as Trivandrum in English until 1991, when the government decided to change the city's name back to the original name, Thiruvananthapuram, in all languages. However, the city is still widely referred to as "Trivandrum" (now Thiruvananthapuram).
Infrastructure
The city is fully electrified by the Kerala State Electricity Board (KSEB). The district is divided in to three circles: Transmission circle, Thiruvananthapuram city and Kattakkada. Domestic users account for 43% of the total power usage, or 90 million units per month. Thiruvananthapuram district has one 220 kV, nine 110 kV and six 66 kV electrical substations. A 400 kV substation has just been commissioned by the Power Grid Corporation and will ensure high-quality power supply to the city.
The water supply schemes cover 100% within the city limits. It is 84% of the urban and 69% of the rural population, when the district is considered. Peppara and Aruvikkara dams are the main sources of water for distribution in the capital city. The new project plan for improving the water supply with Japan aid covers Thiruvananthapuram city and six suburban panchayats having urban characteristics.
The sewerage system in the city was implemented at the time of the Travancore Kingdom, and modernised in 1938. This scheme for the disposal of sullage and sewage is an underground system. The whole system is controlled by Kerala Water Authority now. The city area is divided in to seven blocks for the execution of the sewerage system, two commissioned in the 1990s and two after 2000. The sewerage is pumped to a stilling chamber at the Sewerage Treatment Plant (STP) at Valiyathura, and is disposed through sewage farming. Diary Development Department maintains this sewage farm and fodder cultivation is done here. There is no revenue generation from this scheme, and the sewerage system in the city is a service provided to the residents.
Strategic Importance
Apart from being the capital of India’s most literate and socially developed state, Thiruvananthapuram is a strategically important city in Southern India. Being the largest city in India’s deep south, it is important for both military logistics and civil aviation in the southern part of the country. It is the headquarters of the Southern Air Command(SAC) of the Indian Air Force. The city is very close to the international shipping route and east–west shipping axis. Also, it falls under the international air route. Due to the strategic importance of the city, the Indian Air Force authorities have planned to make an aerospace command in SAC. The plan for setting up a new "Tri-Service Command", which will integrate all the three forces under a single command, is also in the pipeline.
Being the Indian city with the closest air link to the small island-country of Maldives and also Sri Lanka, the city’s medical and health infrastructure caters to patients from both countries, especially Maldives. Exports of perishables and medicines from Trivandrum International Airport run to full capacity on everyday flights to Maldives and Sri Lanka because of this nearness. Thiruvananthapuram also provides a key link in movement of goods and passengers to and from southern Tamil Nadu into Kerala, the state border being just 30 km away. The city is also important for people from around the world seeking help through Ayurveda medicine and therapy. Ayurveda resorts are coming up at a rapid pace along the International Beach of Kovalam and Varkala coast.
Valeyrac
Valeyrac is a commune. It is in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Christoph Metzelder
Christoph Metzelder (born 5 November 1980 in Haltern, Germany) is a German football player. He plays for Real Madrid In the Germany national team he has played in 47 matches and scored no goal.