cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Autódromo José Carlos Pace
Characteristics
Another feature that makes Interlagos interesting is that it follows the ups and downs of hilly ground. This makes the circuit harder to drive and more demanding on the car's engine. The hilly course is also a good feature for cycling races held in the circuit.
The circuit is known for its bumpy surface. This can cause damage on an F1 car, which has a very low ride height. The races are also physically tough on the drivers. With more right turns, the drivers' necks are forced to move to the left. Since drivers turn left more often, the other side of their neck is usually stronger.
Improvement in 2007
On 17 October 2007, Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos (CPTM) opened a new station of the Line C, Autódromo, near the racing circuit. The Line C had been extended to improve the access between the center of São Paulo and southern area of the Greater São Paulo including the circuit. This improved access to the circuit.
Track Course
The race start is in front of the "Tribunas" section and features a long straight section. Next comes "S do Senna" (Senna's S), a series of left, right, and left turns.
"S do Senna" connects with "Curva do Sol" (Sun Turn), a large-radius left-turn that leads to "Reta Oposta" (Opposite Straight). This refers to the unused back straight of the pre-1990 circuit. Next are two left hand, downhill turns that are called "Descida do Lago" (Lake Descent) and "Mergulho" (Dive). Then there is a short straight section that goes downhill.
After "Mergulho" comes a slow and difficult section, with tight turns and elevation changes. These turns are "Ferradura" (Horseshoe), "Laranjinha" (Orange Turn), "Pinheirinho" (Small Pine Tree), "Bico de Pato" (Duck Bill), and then two left hand turns called "Junção" (Junction).
After "Junção" there is a long, high-speed section. The is "Subida dos Boxes" (Up to the Pits), a long, left-hand uphill turn. At the end there are turns 14 and 15 that form what was once called "Cotovelo" (Elbow).
Pit Lanes
Interlagos has one of the longest pit-lanes ever used in Formula One. It starts just before the start-finish straight and rejoining the main course after Curva do Sol. Before 2007, the pits entrance was a difficult high-speed left turn. The pit lane entrance was changed to become safer for the 2007 Brazilian Grand Prix.
Comparison
The fastest laps at the Autódromo José Carlos Pace.
Tin(IV) chloride
Tin(IV) chloride, also known as stannic chloride or tin dioxide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SnCl4. It contains tin and chloride ions. The tin is in its +4 oxidation state.
Preparation
It is made by reacting tin with chlorine.
Sn + 2 Cl2 → SnCl4
Uses
It was used in World War I to create irritating clouds of smoke. It is also used to make tin(IV) fluoride. It is also used to make organic compounds that have tin in them.
Gao Shun
It is said that Gao Shun was very honest. He never drank wine. He did not accept any presents or bribes. According to the Records of Heroes (英雄記) by Wang Can, he led about 700 soldiers. However, It is said that his men are as brave as 10000.
Hershey–Chase experiment
The Hershey–Chase experiments were a series of experiments started in 1952 by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase.
These experiments were to confirm that DNA was the genetic material in living things, which had previously been discovered by the Swiss physician Friedrich Miescher in his experiments on white blood cells, or leukocytes, between 1868 and 69. Hershey shared the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his “discoveries concerning the genetic structure of viruses.”
Method
Hershey and Chase used T2 phage, a bacteriophage. The phage infects a bacterium by attaching to it and injecting its genetic material into it.
They labeled the phage DNA with radioactive Phosphorus-32. They then followed the phages while they infected E. coli. They found that the radioactive element left on the phage's DNA was only in the bacterium, and not in the phage, meaning that the DNA had entered the bacterium.
National Museum, New Delhi
The National Museum in New Delhi, also known as the National Museum of India, is one of the largest museums in India.
L: A Mathemagical Adventure
Story
The story of L was inspired by Alice in Wonderland. Runia is a princess. Drogos are bad characters. You need to rescue Runia because the Drogos have taken her.
Gameplay
To play L, you need to type two words: a verb then a noun. If you see a Drogo robot guard, it will tell you a number, then you need to type another number to keep going. If you type the wrong number, they take you to the attic.
Grammar
Grammar is the study of words, how they are used in sentences, and how they change in different situations. The Ancient Greeks used to call it grammatikē tékhnē, the craft of letters. It can have any of these meanings:
When we speak, we use the native person's grammar, or as near as we can. When we write, we try to write with correct grammar. So, speaking and writing a language each have their own style.
Different languages
All languages have their own grammar. Most European languages are rather similar.
English makes few changes to its word endings ('suffixes'). In the Italic or 'Romance' languages (such as French, Italian, and Spanish), word endings carry a lot of meaning. In English we have just a few: plurals and possessives (John's) are the most common. In our verbs we have dropped most endings except one: I love, you love, but she loves. That final 's' comes from the Anglo-Saxon, which had more suffixes. Verbs do have endings which show changes in tense: walked, walking.
Word order is the other big difference. Romance languages normally put adjectives after the nouns to which they refer. For example, in English, a person may say I like fast cars, but in Spanish, it is Me gustan los coches rápidos. The order of the words has changed: if just the words, without the grammar, are translated into English, it would mean 'to me they please the cars fast'. This is because Spanish and English have different rules about word order. In German, verbs often come near the end of sentences (as: Die Katze hat die Nahrung gegessen), whereas in English we usually put them between subject and object, as: the cat has eaten the food.
Changing language
Written grammar changes slowly but spoken grammar is more fluid. Sentences which English speakers find normal today, might have seemed strange 100 years ago. And they might not, because many of our favourite sayings come from the Authorized King James Version of the Bible, and from Shakespeare.
Different people speak with grammar that differs from that of other people. For example, people who use the dialects called General American English and BBC English might say, I didn't do anything, while someone who speaks what is called African American Vernacular English or AAVE might say, I didn't do nothing. London working class version: I ain't done nuffink! These are called double negatives, and are found almost entirely in spoken English, and seldom written.
These differences are called dialects. The dialect a person uses is usually decided by where they live. Even though the dialects of English use different words or word order, they still have grammar rules. However, when writing in American English, grammar uses the rules of General American English. When people talk about using 'proper English', they usually mean using the grammar of general British English, as described in standard reference works. The models for spoken English in Britain are often called Received Pronunciation or BBC English.
Parts of speech
Grammar studies nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, sentences, phrases, clauses, interjections.
Nouns
Nouns are 'thing' words like 'table and 'chair'. They are objects, things you see in everyday life. Proper nouns are names of specific places, people, or other things like days of the week. The name 'James' is a proper noun, as is 'Wednesday' and 'London'. Nouns can also be abstract things, such as 'suffering' or 'happiness'.
Verbs
Verbs are words that describe actions: "Ryan threw the ball". State: "I am worried". The basic verb form is called the infinitive. The infinitive for existence is "to be". A famous example is the speech of Hamlet: To be or not to be, that is the question.
Variations of the infinitive create verb tenses.
Adjectives
Adjectives describe nouns. For example, the pretty in "pretty bicycle" says that the bicycle is pretty. In other words, the "pretty" is describing the bicycle. This can also happen with a place. For example, the tall in "that's a tall building" is describing the building.
Brian Friedman
Brian Friedman (born May 28, 1977) is an American dancer.
Grammar
Syntax
Grammar studies syntax which is how the "parts of speech" fit together according to rules and create sentences. Sentences fit together and create paragraphs.
Oensingen
Oensingen is a municipality in the district Gäu in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.
Tetsuji Hashiratani
Tetsuji Hashiratani (柱谷 哲二) is a former Japanese football player and manager. He played for the Japan national team. His brother Koichi Hashiratani also played for the Japan national team.
Eudibamus
Eudibamus is an extinct genius of biped bolosaurid (a reptile) from the early Permian some 290 million years ago of Germany. Eudibamus is claimed to be the first bipedal vertebrate.
Tetsuji Hashiratani
Biography
Hashiratani was educated at and played for Kyoto Commercial High School and Kokushikan University. He played as defender and defensive midfielder. He joined Japan Soccer League side Nissan Motors in 1987. From 1988 to 1990, the club won all three major title in Japan; Japan Soccer League, JSL Cup and Emperor's Cup for 2 years in a row. In 1990s, the club won 1990 JSL Cup, 1991 and 1992 Emperor's Cup. In Asia, the club won 1991–92 Asian Cup Winners' Cup. He moved to Verdy Kawasaki in 1992 when professional league J1 League was founded. The club won the J1 League champions in 1993 and 1994. The club also won 1992, 1993, 1994 J.League Cup and 1996 Emperor's Cup. He was a central player in golden era in both clubs history. He retired in 1998. He was selected Best Eleven for 6 years in a row (1989/90-1995).
Hashiratani was capped 72 times and scored 6 goals for the Japanese national team from 1988 to 1995. He was a member of the Japan team for the 1992 Asian Cup which Japan won. He was the captain when Japan's hope to play in the 1994 World Cup finals was dashed by a late Iraqi equaliser in the final qualifier, the match that the Japanese fans now refer to as the "Agony of Doha" (ドーハの悲劇).
He succeeded Takeshi Okada as the manager of Consadole Sapporo at the beginning of the 2002 season. However, he was sacked after only seven matches. The club was relegated to J2 League that season. Then he coached Kokushikan University and Urawa Reds. He was an assistant coach at Tokyo Verdy from 2006 to 2007. He was promoted to the manager of the club in 2008 but fired by the Verdy after the season. He would later return in 2010 to coach Kokushikan University. He was called back to professional managing once more, as he was announced to lead Mito HollyHock from the 2011 season. After poor results leaving Mito in the relegation zone, he was sacked in the middle of the 2015 season. He was signed to manage J3 League-team Gainare Tottori from the 2016 season, but he lasted only season before signing for Japan Football League's Vanraure Hachinohe. He resigned end of 2017 season. He signed with Giravanz Kitakyushu as Hitoshi Morishita successor in June 2018. The club finished 2018 season at the bottom place of 17 club and he resigned end of 2018 season.
Statistics
280||15||16||0||46||0||346||11 280||15||16||0||46||0||346||11
!Total||72||6
Baz Luhrmann
Mark Anthony Luhrmann or Baz Luhrmann (born 17 September 1962) is an Australian movie and theatre director. He has directed three movies (The Red Curtain Trilogy) which have made him famous: Strictly Ballroom (1992), Romeo + Juliet (1996), and Moulin Rouge! (2001). He also directed the 2022 movie Elvis.
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) is an African-American civil rights group. The SCLC was very important in the Civil Rights Movement. Martin Luther King, Jr. was its first president.
Today, the SCLC says it is "a nonprofit, non-sectarian, inter-faith, advocacy organization that is committed to nonviolent action to achieve social, economic, and political justice." This means the group is open to people of all faiths and religions, not just Christians.
Creation
The SCLC was created in 1957, after the Civil Rights Movement's successful Montgomery Bus Boycott. On January 10, 1957, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. invited about 60 black pastors and leaders to Atlanta, Georgia. Their goal, at the time, was to end segregation on buses in the Southern United States. However, they agreed that they would only use non-violent ways of protesting and trying to make change. Their motto was: "Not one hair on one head of one white person shall be harmed."
About a month later, the group met again in New Orleans, Louisiana. They decided that their goal would be to end segregation everywhere – not just on buses. They also chose Dr. King as their president, and chose the name "Southern Christian Leadership Conference."
The SCLC also chose a group of leaders called the Board of Directors to be in charge of making final decisions and planning strategies. At first, some churches and civil rights organizations joined the SCLC. However, it was difficult to get churches to join. Groups like the Ku Klux Klan and the White Citizens' Council used violence and terrorism to attack civil rights activists. So did the police in many states. Some churches which joined the SCLC, or did civil rights work, were bombed or set on fire.
Citizenship Schools
In 1961, the state of Tennessee took the Highlander Folk School's land and property away. In that year, the SCLC rescued the Citizenship School program. The Schools' teachers pretended to be teaching adults to read. Secretly, they were teaching about democracy, civil rights, leadership, getting people together to protest, politics, and protest strategies. All of these things would be very important in the Civil Rights Movement.
Eventually, close to 69,000 teachers taught Citizenship Schools throughout the South. Most of these teachers were volunteers who were not paid. Many of the Civil Rights Movement's adult leaders went to or taught Citizenship Schools.
Work in the Civil Rights Movement
The SCLC's work in the Civil Rights Movement included:
1968-1997
Ralph Abernathy became the President of the SCLC after Dr. King's murder. Under his leadership, the SCLC:
Abernathy was President until 1977. Joseph Lowery replaced him, and was President until 1997.
Tin(II) chloride
Tin(II) chloride, also known as stannous chloride, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SnCl2. It has tin and chloride ions in it. The tin is in its +2 oxidation state.
Properties
It is a colorless crystalline solid. It is a reducing agent. It is poisonous to mollusks like clams and oysters. It reacts with water to make tin(II) oxide hydrate, which is white, and hydrochloric acid. That is why tin(II) chloride is normally dissolved in hydrochloric acid. It reacts with oxygen in the air to make tin(IV) chloride and tin(IV) oxide. It reacts with silver and gold compounds to make silver and gold metal. It also reacts with ferric compounds to make ferrous compounds.
It reacts with bases to make tin(II) oxide hydrate, which is white; if more base is added, the tin(II) oxide hydrate dissolves to make a clear solution again.
Preparation
It is made when tin reacts with hydrochloric acid.
Uses
It is used to electroplate tin on steel. It is used in the coloring of textiles. It is used to make silvered mirrors. A certain plastic uses it as a catalyst. It was used as a test for mercury(II) ions. If it is added to a colorless solution of mercury(II), a white solid of mercury(I) would form. If more is added, a black solid of mercury metal would be made. It turns bright purple in a solution that has gold ions in it. It is used in organic chemistry as a reducing agent.
Olten
Olten is a city in the district Olten in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.
Fruit
The fleshy part of a fruit is called the mesocarp. It is between the fruit's skin (exocarp) and the seeds. The white part of an apple, for example, is the "fleshy" part of the apple. Usually, when we eat a fruit, we eat the "fleshy" part.
Turckheim
Turckheim is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.
Fruit
Berry
If the entire fruit is fleshy, except for maybe a thin skin, the fruit is called a berry. A berry might contain one seed or many. Grapes, avocados, and blueberries are berries. They all have a thin skin, but most of the fruit is fleshy. Don't get confused by the name of fruits like strawberries, because actually they are not berries. The seeds are on the outside: on a real berry, the seed or seeds are inside the fruit.
Mikhail Gorbachev
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (sometimes spelled Gorbachov) (2 March 1931 – 30 August 2022) was a Soviet politician and leader from 1985 to 1991 during the end of the Cold War from 1989 to 1991.
He was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1985-91), Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (head of state). Gorbachev is known for forming a friendship with President of the United States Ronald Reagan, With whom he betrayed his own country thereby leading it to collapse in 15 parts while making himself most hated man in Russia.
Early life
Gorbachev was born in Privolnoye, Stavropol Krai, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union. He grew up in a Kolkhoz collective farm. He did well in school and went to Moscow State University. He joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
Fruit
Pepo
A pepo (pronounced pee' po) is a modified berry. Its skin is hard and thick and is usually called a "rind". Pumpkins and watermelons, for instance, are pepos.
Mikhail Gorbachev
Leader of the Soviet Union
Gorbachev's attempts at reform and partnership with Ronald Reagan led to the end of the Cold War. His main intent was to improve the economy of the USSR. To do this, he set in motion two major reforms: Indirectly, this may have helped cause the end of the power of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), and the break-up of the Soviet Union into smaller countries. However, it should be noted that the need to modernise the economy, and to conduct government less ruthlessly than Stalin, was agreed by the previous two leaders. They, Andropov and Chernenko, were elderly and died before real changes could be put in place.
Fruit
Hesperidium
A hesperidium is another modified berry. It has a leathery skin that is not as hard as the skin of a pepo. All citrus fruit like oranges and lemon are hesperidiums.
Mikhail Gorbachev
Leader of the Soviet Union
In 1990, Gorbachev created the office of President of the Soviet Union. It was to be based on the systems in France and the United States. The office merged office of General Secretary and head of state. The President was to be elected by the Soviet People but its only holder was Gorbachev who wasn't elected. Gorbachev saw the office mainly as a position for himself to remain influential in Soviet politics. His main goal was to keep the Soviet Union together, controlled by Moscow.
Fruit
Pome
A pome (pohm) is a fruit that has a core surrounded by fleshy tissue that one can eat. The core is usually not eaten. Berries are different - the seeds are inside the fleshy part, not separated from it by a core. apples and pears are pomes.
Mikhail Gorbachev
Leader of the Soviet Union
After the August coup in 1991, Gorbachev resigned as leader of the Communist Party and held onto the Soviet presidency. When Union republics began to turn away from the Soviet system, Gorbachev's power was dramatically reduced. By late 1991 he had almost no influence outside of Moscow. When Russia, Ukraine and Belarus became independent, Gorbachev was basically a President of a country that only existed on paper. He resigned on December 25, 1991.
Amfissa
Amfissa is a Greek city. It is in the center of Greece, at the foot of Parnassos mountain. Near Amfissa is Delfi. According to the 2001 census, 6,947 lived there. During the Middle Ages it was named Salona, but today is named with its ancient name, Amfissa. Amfissa is an agriculturist city. The main financial source in Amfissa is olive oil. Oil-tree is the main cultivation in district of Amfissa. The most interest sight in the town is the ancient castle above town.
Fruit
Drupe
Drupes are also called stone fruit. A drupe is a fleshy fruit with a hard stone around the seed. We usually call this 'stone' the 'pit' of the fruit. Peaches and olives are drupes. Actually, the almond fruit is a drupe, too, though we eat the seed that is inside the 'pit' of the almond fruit.
Botanical fruits
Since fruits are produced from fertilised ovaries in flowers, only flowering plants produce fruits. Fruits are an evolutionary 'invention' which help seeds get dispersed by animals.
.
Accessory fruits
An accessory fruit or false fruit (pseudocarp) is a fruit in which some of the flesh is derived not from the ovary but from some adjacent tissue.
Würzburg (district)
Würzburg is a Landkreis (district) in the northwestern part of Bavaria, Germany.
Fruit
Accessory fruits
A fig is a type of accessory fruit called a syconium. Pomes, such as apples and pears, are also accessory fruits: the core is the true fruit.
Non-botanical fruits
Strictly speaking, these are not botanical fruits:
Area of agreement
These are fruits which you can buy in shops, and which are also acceptable as botanical fruits:
Many fruits come from trees or bushes. For plants, fruits are a means of dispersal, usually by animals. When the fruit is eaten, the seed(s) are not digested, and get excreted. Where fruits have big stones, just the soft parts are eaten.
Most fruits we eat contain a lot of water and natural sugars, and many are high in Vitamin C. They have a large amount of dietary fibre. Fruits are usually low in protein and fat content, but avocados and some nuts are exceptions to this. Not only humans, but our closest living relatives (primates) are keen fruit-eaters. So are many other groups of herbivorous mammals and many birds.
Seedless fruits
Seedlessness is an important feature of some fruits of commerce. Commercial bananas, pineapple, and watermelons are examples of seedless fruits. Some citrus fruits, especially oranges, satsumas, mandarin oranges, and grapefruit are valued for their seedlessness.
Seedless bananas and grapes are triploids, and seedlessness results from the abortion of the embryonic plant which is produced by fertilisation. The method requires normal pollination and fertilisation.
Mikhail Gorbachev
Personal life
Gorbachev studied law at Lomonosov Moscow State University. He met his future wife, Raisa Gorbachova, there. Gorbachova studied sociology. After retiring from politics in 1991, Gorbachev started The Gorbachev Foundation, which is currently headed by his daughter Irina. In 2004, he traveled to the United States to represent Russia at Ronald Reagan's funeral.
Death
Gorbachev died at a hospital in Moscow on 30 August 2022, at the age of 91. He died after a long illness, however at the time of his death he had diabetes and kidney problems.
His funeral was held on 3 September, however President Vladimir Putin did not give him a state funeral.
Awards
Gorbachev was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1990. He won a Grammy Award in 2004 with Bill Clinton and Sophia Loren for Best Spoken Word Album for Children for their recording of Sergei Prokofiev's Peter and the Wolf.
In the arts
A Russian play about Gorbachev titled Gorbachev was made in 2020. The play focuses on Gorbachev and the relationship with his wife Raisa.
Skullcandy
Skullcandy is an American company. It makes headphones and earphones. Skullcandy is a privately held company. It is based in Park City, Utah. It was founded in 2003 by Rick Alden.
Skullcandy sponsors professional athletes in snowboarding, skiing, skateboarding, wakeboarding, motocross, and biking. They are partners with the X Games, Zumiez Couch Tour, South by Southwest, and the Vans Warped Tour.
Electra (1962 movie)
Electra (Ηλέκτρα Ilektra) is a 1962 Greek drama movie directed by Michael Cacoyannis and based on the play of the same name by Euripides. It stars Irene Papas, Giannis Fertis, Aleka Katselli, Manos Katrakis and was nominated for an Academy Awards in 1963.
Karacahisar castle
Karacahisar Castle (sometimes spelled as Karajahisar Castle) is a Byzantine castle built on a plateau. It is near the Porsuk River, southwest of Eskişehir, Turkey. Karacahisar Castle stands 1010 m above sea level. It is surrounded with walls and covers an area of 60,000 square meters.
The Turks settled in the region and called it Karajshahir. In 1299 Osman I appointed judge and imam. After possessing the Karacahisar castle, Osman advanced on the Byzantine lands and expanded the borders of the emirate. The conquest of Karacahisar was important in laying the foundation for the Ottoman Empire.
Tann, Hesse
Tann is a town in the district of Fulda, in Hesse, Germany. It is in the Rhön Mountains, 27 km northeast of Fulda. It is an accredited Spa town at the Ulster River.
Michael Moore
Michael Francis Moore (born April 23, 1954 in Davison, Michigan, USA) is an American writer and moviemaker. He is known for his strong liberal political views. He often expresses them using humor and satire. His work includes Roger & Me, Fahrenheit 9/11, Sicko, and Bowling for Columbine, and the satire show TV Nation. He has also written books including Dude, Where's My Country? and Will They Ever Trust Us Again?.
Youth
Until 1972, Moore went to Davison High School. When he was 18, he was elected to the Davison School Board. There he met Kathleen Glynn.
His job as a journalist
At the age of 22, Moore left school. He started an alternative magazine called The Flint Voice. He was the editor of the magazine for ten years. After that, Moore was hired as managing editor of the magazine Mother Jones in San Francisco. After five months, he left the editorial staff because of a dispute. After that he went back to Flint, Michigan.
Hoke County, North Carolina
Hoke County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2010 census, the population was 46,952. Its county seat is Raeford.
Rolf Böhme
Rolf Böhme (6 August 1934 – 12 February 2019) was a German politician who was the mayor of Freiburg for 20 years between 1982 and 2002. He was a member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD).
Before becoming Mayor, he was a member of the German parliament (Bundestag) between 1972 and 1982. From 1978 until 1982, he was also deputy minister of the Finance Ministry of the German Federal Republic (Parliamentarischer Staatssekretär).
Böhme was born on 6 August 1934 in Konstanz and died on 12 February 2019 in Freiburg im Breisgau at the age of 84.
Collegeville, Pennsylvania
Collegeville is a borough in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Philadelphia, United States. The population was 5,089 at the 2010 census.
Ken Matthews
Kenneth Joseph Matthews MBE (21 June 1934 – 3 June 2019) was a British racewalker. He was born in Birmingham. He won the gold medal in 20 km walk at the 1964 Summer Olympics, Tokyo. He also won the gold medal in the same event at the European Athletics Championships in 1962. He was added to the England Athletics Hall of Fame in 2011.
Matthews died on 3 June 2019, at the age of 84.
Nicene Creed
The Nicene Creed, Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed or Icon/Symbol of the Faith, is the most widespread or ecumenical Christian statement of faith.
Since its original formulation it continues to be used in the Roman Catholic, Syrian Orthodox (Jacobite), Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Assyrian, Anglican, Lutheran, and most other Protestant Churches.
Comparison between Creed of 325 and Creed of 381
The following table displays side by side the earlier (325) and later (381) forms of this Creed in the English translation given in Schaffs Creeds of Christendom, which indicates by brackets the portions of the 325 text that were omitted or moved in 381, but uses no typographical mark to indicate what phrases, absent in the 325 text, were added in 381.
The following table presents in the same way the texts of the two Councils, as given in the original Greek language on the Web site Symbolum Nicaeno-Constantinopolitanum - Greek:
Problems
There were certain problems with the Nicene creed. In 529, the so-called filioque clause was added to the creed. This clause is one of the main differences between the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church. The Catholic Church has this clause, the Eastern Orthodox Church does not. The clause tells how the Son is connected to the Holy Spirit. Where the original Nicene Creed reads "We believe in the Holy Spirit ... who proceeds from the Father", the altered, Roman Catholic version reads "We believe in the Holy Spirit ... who proceeds from the Father and the Son". Roman Catholic Christians accept this change, but Eastern Orthodox Christians reject it. Many Eastern Catholic churches (Eastern in liturgy but in full communion with the pope) do not use the clause in their creed. They do think the doctrine it represents is true, though, as this is a dogma of the Roman Catholic faith. Many Protestant churches who take a position in this matter, usually accept the filioque.
After the East-West Schism of 1054, the Eastern and Western churches attempted to reunite at two separate medieval councils, and the filioque was an issue at each. Despite Greek concessions, neither the Second Council of Lyon (1274) nor the Council of Ferrera-Florence (1438 - 1535) achieved the desired union.
The clause is most often referred to as "the filioque" or simply filioque.
Grant Hammond
Sir Robert Grant Hammond (14 May 1944 – 31 May 2019) was a New Zealand jurist and law professor. He was born in Te Awamutu. He was a judge of the High Court of New Zealand from 1992 to 2004, and was a justice of the Court of Appeal from 2004 to 2011. He served as president of the New Zealand Law Commission from 2010 to 2016. From 2010 until his death in 2019, Hammond was a judge of the Supreme Court of Samoa.
Hammond died on 31 May 2019, at the age of 75.
Berchişeşti
Berchişeşti is a commune found in Suceava County, Romania.
3 Maccabees
The book of the 3 Maccabees is found in most Orthodox Bibles. However, the book actually has nothing to do with the Maccabees. It does not have anything to do with their revolt against the Seleucid Empire, either (as described in 1 Maccabees and 2 Maccabees). Instead, it tells the story of persecution of the Jews under Ptolemy IV Philopator (222-205 BC). The name of the book seems to come from the similarities between this book and the stories of the martyrdom of Eleazar and the Maccabeean youths in 2 Maccabees. The High Priest Shimon is also mentioned.
Strontium-90
Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope of strontium. It has a half life of roughly 29 years. Strontium-90 and strontium-89 have medical applications. They are used for radiation therapy, in the treatment of certain bone cancers. Because its application generates a lot of heat it is sometimes used instead of Plutonium in nuclear power plants.
Hawaiian Punch
In 1962, the character of Punchy was introduced in a commercial for Hawaiian Punch, eventually becoming the product's mascot. His long-time saying is "Hey, how about a nice Hawaiian Punch!"
It currently comes in the following flavors:
Raeford, North Carolina
Raeford is a city in Hoke County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 4,611 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Hoke County.
Hawaiian Punch
The drink has its name because some of original recipe's main ingredients come from Hawaii.
The Fruit Punch
The Fruit Punch is the name of a brand of sweetened fruit punch drinks owned by Dr Pepper/Seven Up, Inc. (DPSU). It was created in 1928 by Los Angeles, California, and Red Buttons as an ice cream topping, and customers later discovered that it was an appealing drink when mixed with water.
In 1988, the character of Peep was introduced in a commercial for The Fruit Punch, eventually becoming the product's mascot. His long-time saying is "Hey! How about a nice Fruit Punch!"
Zollernalbkreis
The Zollernalbkreis is a Landkreis (district) in the middle of Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
The district is located in the Swabian Alb. It has the second highest elevation of this range, the 1011 m high Oberhohenberg.
Guadarrama National Park
Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (Parque Nacional de la Sierra de Guadarrama) is a national park in Spain. It covers about 131 sqmi. The park is one of the biggest national parks in Spain. Only four national parks are bigger.
Ecology
Guadarrama National Park has eleven different types of places for plants and animals to live (ecologies). More than 1,280 species of animals live in the park. Thirteen of them are endangered. There are more than 1,500 types of plants that come from the area. There are more than 30 types of vegetation.
2 Maccabees
2 Maccabees is a book of the Catholic Bible which focuses on the Jews' revolt against Antiochus IV Epiphanes and ends with the defeat of the Syrian general Nicanor in 161 BC by Judas Maccabeus, the hero of the work.
2 Maccabees was written in Koine Greek, probably in Alexandria, Egpyt in 124 BC. It gives a revised version of the historical events recounted in the first seven chapters of 1 Maccabees but mainly focuses on the theological implications of 1 Maccabees. Important things mentioned are prayer for the dead, martyrdom (meaning dying for a cause) and intercession of the dead (meaning dead people answering prayers).
GNU Free Documentation License
The GNU Free Documentation License (GNU FDL or simply GFDL) is a copyleft license for open content such as software. It was made by the Free Software Foundation (FSF) for the GNU project. It was initially created for use with software documentation, but can be applied to other types of works as well, such as Wikipedia.
As a copyright license, the GFDL is a type of contract between the creator of a copyrightable work (such as a book, an encyclopedia article, a painting, or a piece of music) and anyone else who might want to use it. The GFDL is considered "copyleft" because the license is meant to make it easier to use and re-use the copyrighted work, not to restrict its use.
If a copyrightable work is released under the GFDL, the creator of the work is saying that anyone else may reproduce, distribute, or modify the work, as long as they follow a set of requirements specified in the GFDL. Among the requirements of the GFDL are that any new work created from the original work is also licensed under the GFDL—that is, once something is licensed as GFDL, it will always stay licensed as GFDL, and anything which uses it also is licensed as GFDL.
The GFDL also says that in order to distribute or modify a work licensed with the GFDL, the re-user must give credit to any previous authors of the work, and include a list of changes they made to the work.
Finally, any work licensed with the GFDL must contain, somewhere, the entire text of the license. This provision has been criticized, because it is not always easy to include an entire, long license with a copyrighted work. In a book, for example, it is easy to include one extra page with the license, but if the work is something like a song, or a photograph, it is not easy.
The GFDL has other requirements that are more complicated. For example, if part of the work is labeled as an "invariant section," it cannot ever be removed or changed by someone using the work ("invariant" means "does not change").
Works licensed under the GFDL may be included in with non-GFDL-licensed works only if it is clear which parts of the work are licensed as the GFDL. For example, in a book of poetry it would be easy to label some poems as licensed under the GFDL and some not licensed under it. But it would not be easy to label if part of a song was licensed as GFDL and the rest was not, so this would not be allowed.
Any use of GFDL material which violates the terms of the GFDL is potentially copyright infringement. Infringement issues are managed through a community based approach with the approval and assistance of the Free Software Foundation.
A number of online projects use the GFDL. An online project to license its content under the GFDL is Wikipedia.
The GFDL has been criticized by many people who wish that it made it even easier for content to be re-used. Among the criticisms are that it is very hard to combine GFDL material with other copyleft licenses, that it is not always clear and easy to understand, and that some of its requirements, such as the "invariant sections", are not free at all.
History
The GFDL was released in draft form for feedback in September 1999. After revisions, version 1.1 was issued in March 2000, version 1.2 in November 2002, and version 1.3 in November 2008. The current state of the license is version 1.3.
Conditions
Material licensed under the current version of the license can be used for any purpose, as long as the use meets certain conditions.
Patrick Dewaere
Patrick Dewaere (26 January 1947 – 16 July 1982) was a French actor. Born in Saint-Brieuc, Côtes-d'Armor, he was the son of French actress Mado Maurin. His career lasted more than 31 years, until his suicide in Paris in 1982.
He was nominated six times at the César Awards between 1976 and 1982, but never won.
He was one of the most important French actors of the 1970-1980 era, with his friend Gérard Depardieu. They won the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film in 1979 with Bertrand Blier's Get Out Your Handkerchiefs.
He is the father of French actress Lola Dewaere, and screenwriter Angèle Herry.
S&P 500
The Standard and Poor's 500, or sometimes known as the S&P 500, is something that measures the stock market, looking at how well 500 of the largest companies listed on stock exchanges in the United States are doing. It is one of the most commonly used ways of looking at stocks for these companies. There is over $4.6 trillion invested in the companies that use how well companies are doing to know when to invest.
Included companies
The 10 largest companies in the index are responsible for 26.4% of the tied investments. The 10 largest companies in the S&P 500, in order of size, are Apple Inc., Microsoft, Amazon.com, Facebook, Alphabet Inc. (class A & C), Tesla, Inc., Berkshire Hathaway, JPMorgan Chase, and Johnson & Johnson. For a list of companies in the S&P 500, see List of S&P 500 companies.
Index funds that look at how well the S&P 500 are doing have been suggested as things to invest in by Warren Buffett, Burton Malkiel, and John C. Bogle for investors with long time horizons.
Although the S&P 500 includes only companies that are available to be sold in stocks in the United States, companies in the S&P 500 on average only get 72% of their money from the United States.
Usage
The S&P 500 is one of the ways used to calculate the Conference Board Leading Economic Index, used to predict if the economy will do better or worse in the future.
It is associated with many ticker symbols, including: ^GSPC, INX, and $SPX, but this changes by market or website. The index value is updated every 15 seconds, or 1,559 times per trading day, with price updates updated with help from Reuters.
National Geographic Society
The National Geographic Society is one of the world's largest nonprofit scientific and educational organizations. Founded in January 27, 1888 to "increase and diffuse geographic knowledge," the Society works to inspire people to care about the planet. It reaches more than 350 million people worldwide each month through its official journal, National Geographic, and four other magazines; National Geographic Channel; television documentaries; radio programs; films; books; DVDs; maps; and interactive media. National Geographic has funded more than 8,000 scientific research projects and supports an education program combating geographic illiteracy.
S&P 500
Management
The S&P 500 is kept up-to-date by S&P Dow Jones Indices, a joint venture mostly owned by S&P Global
National Geographic Society
Description
The National Geographic Society (NGS), headquartered in Washington, D.C. in the United States, is one of the largest non-profit scientific and educational institutions in the world. Its interests include geography, archaeology and natural science, the promotion of environmental and historical conservation, and the study of world culture and history. The National Geographic Society’s logo is a yellow rectangular border, which became famous while appearing around each front page of the society's magazine.
1947–48 Austrian Cup
The 1947-48 Austrian Cup was the national cup in Austrian football. Wacker Wien were the defending champions. The 1947/48 competition was held in a new format: The winners of the local cup competitions in each federal state (with the exception of Tyrol - no cup competition - the autumn champion was named here) played a final competition for the Austrian Cup
Love in This Club
"Love in This Club" is a song by American singer Usher. It features rapper Young Jeezy. It was released as a lead single from Usher's album Here I Stand (2008). It was written by Usher, Polow da Don, Young Jeezy, Darnell Dalton, Ryon Lovett, Lamar Taylor and Keith Thomas. It was produced by da Don. The song's beat is synthpop. The song is about wanting to have sex in a nightclub.
The song was given mixed reviews. Many liked the song's production. However, others did not like that it was a "slow song". Some believed that the song was not "original". "Love in This Club" reached number one on the US Hot 100 chart. The music video was nominated at the 2008 MTV Video Music Awards. R&B singer Keri Hilson is featured on the video. She is Usher's crush in the nightclub. A remix of the song called "Love in This Club Part II", features Beyoncé and Lil Wayne.
Jaroslav Šerých
Jaroslav Šerých (27 February 1928 – 23 March 2014) was a Czech artist. He mainly worked as a painter, printmaker, and illustrator. He was born in Německý Brod, Czechoslovakia (now Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic).
Šerých died on 23 March 2014 in Prague. He was 86 years old.
Brașov County
Braşov (Hungarian: Brassó) is a county (judeţ) of Romania, in Transylvania. The capital of Braşov County is Braşov.
Geography
Braşov County has an area of 5,363 km².
Divisions
Braşov County has 4 municipalities, 6 towns and 47 communes.
Castelnau-d'Arbieu
Castelnau-d'Arbieu is a commune in the Gers department. It is in southwestern France.
Glass
Glass used to make windows and bottles is a specific type called soda-lime glass, composed of about 75% silicon dioxide (SiO2), sodium oxide (Na2O) from sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), calcium oxide, also called lime (CaO), and several minor additives.
Comet Swift–Tuttle
Comet Swift–Tuttle (109P/Swift–Tuttle) is a periodic comet with an orbital period of 133 years. It fits the classical definition of a Halley-type comet with a period between 20 and 200 years. It was independently discovered by Lewis Swift and Horace Parnell Tuttle in July 1862. It has a well-known orbit and has a comet nucleus 26 km in diameter.
Glass
By changing the proportions, and adding different ingredients, many kinds of glass can be made. Coloured glass is made by adding small amounts of metal oxides. For example, a blue colour is given by tiny amounts of cobalt oxide.
Comet Swift–Tuttle
Chinese records show that in 188 AD the comet reached apparent magnitude 0.1. In 1862, the comet was as bright as Polaris. The comet made a return appearance in 1992, and became visible with binoculars. In 2126 it will be a bright naked-eye comet reaching about apparent magnitude 0.7.
Glass
Crystal glass is made by adding lead and zinc oxides. It is not actually a crystal because all glass is a non-crystalline solid. Crystal glass is called cut glass if it has been cut by hand:
Comet Swift–Tuttle
It is the parent body of the Perseid meteor shower, perhaps the best known shower and among the most reliable in performance.
Glass
Because glass is used to make lenses, the word "glasses" often means eyeglasses.
The myth that glass is actually a liquid comes from the fact that old windows in houses and churches (200–300 years old) are sometimes a little out of shape: thicker at the bottom than the top. This is actually due to the process of glass making in the past which led to the glass pane being thicker at one edge than the other. It was sensible to install the windows with the thick edge at the bottom. Sometimes a window can be found with the thick edge at the top of the window.
Comet Swift–Tuttle
Near-Earth orbit
Comet Swift–Tuttle has been described as "the single most dangerous object known to humanity". However, the probability of Earth impact per orbit is about a million to one against. It is estimated as 2 (0.000002%). It is the largest Solar System object that makes repeated close approaches to Earth with a relative velocity of 60 km/s.
Glass
Glass can be recycled over and over. Glass bottles and jars can easily be recycled to make new glass bottles and jars or used in industry as aggregate (building material) or sand.
Comet Swift–Tuttle
Near-Earth orbit
An unusual aspect of its orbit is that it is captured into a 1:11 orbital resonance with Jupiter; it completes one orbit for every 11 of Jupiter.
Prince Edward Island
Prince Edward Island (PEI; Île-du-Prince-Édouard) is a province of Canada. It is the smallest of Canada's ten provinces. Most of the people on Prince Edward Island speak English. Prince Edward Island was named for the son of King George lll of Britain, and it joined the Dominion of Canada in 1873.
This province is 224 km long and 4 to 60 kilometers (2.5 to 37 miles) wide. The capital, and also the largest city, is Charlottetown.
Prince Edward Island is known for being the location for novels written by Lucy Maud Montgomery including Anne of Green Gables. It is also important for being the "Birthplace of Confederation", because the Charlottetown Conference in 1864 was in Prince Edward Island.