cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
South Delhi
It is bounded by the Yamuna River to the east, the districts of New Delhi to the north, Faridabad District of Haryana state to the southeast, Gurgaon District of Haryana to the southwest, and South West Delhi to the west.
It has a population of 2,258,367 (2001 census), and an area of 250 km2, with a population density of 9,034 persons per km² (23,397 persons per mi²).
Administratively, the district is divided into three subdivisions, Saket, Hauz Khas, and Mehrauli.
The division shown on the map for South Dehli is only administrative. For the common citizen, broadly speaking Delhi is vaguely ring-like, having five regions, namely North, West, South, East and Central. The usage of the term South Delhi in day-to-day life expands from Delhi's IGI Airport in the South West to the river Yamuna in the South East. This is a region going into the administrative South West Delhi district.
Demographics
According to the 2011 census South Delhi has a population of 2,733,752, roughly equal to the nation of Jamaica or the US state of Nevada. This gives it a ranking of 144th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 10935 PD/sqkm. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 20.59%. South Delhi has a sex ratio of 859 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 87.03%.
Jade (American band)
Jade is an American hip hop-soul group. The group began in 1991. They split in 1997 and reformed in 2014. The group's members are Joi Marshall, Tonya Kelly and Myracle Holloway. The group is from Chicago.
The group had hit songs with "I Wanna Love You Down" and "Don't Walk Away" in 1992 and 1993. Their second album, Mind, Body & Song, was released in 1994.
Christian County, Kentucky
Christian County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 73,955. Its county seat is Hopkinsville. The county was formed in 1797.
Bellach
Bellach is a municipality in the district Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.
Fred Clarke (Australian footballer)
Fred Clarke (1 December 1932 – 17 August 2020) was an Australian rules footballer. He played with Richmond in the Victorian Football League (VFL). During his career he wore the number 17 guernsey.
In the 1953 season, Clarke played four early games before suffering a thigh injury from which he was unable to recover well enough to make any more appearances.
1997–98 NHL season
The 1997–98 NHL season was the 81st regular season of the National Hockey League. The Stanley Cup winners were the Detroit Red Wings, who swept the Washington Capitals in four games.
Highlights
Jari Kurri reached 600 goals in his career, finishing with 601.
Final standings
Note: W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, GF= Goals For, GA = Goals Against, Pts = Points
Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games Played, G = Goals, A = Assists, Pts = Points
NHL Awards
The NHL Awards took place in Toronto, Ontario
First games
The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1997–98 (listed with their first team, stars(*) mark start in playoffs):
Last games
The following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1997–98 (listed with their last team):
McDonnell Douglas DC-9
The McDonnell Douglas DC-9 is a twin-engine, short-range jet airliner seating 110 passengers.
Milford, New Jersey
Milford is a borough located in western Hunterdon County, New Jersey, United States. At the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 1,233.
North East Delhi
North East Delhi is one of the eleven administrative districts of Delhi, India. The District was established in 1997.
Lee J. Cobb
Lee J. Cobb (December 8, 1911 – February 11, 1976) was an American actor. He was best known for his roles in 12 Angry Men, On the Waterfront, and The Exorcist. Cobb was born in The Bronx, New York. His daughter, Julie Cobb, was also an actress.
Eyewall replacement cycle
In meteorology, eyewall replacement cycles, also called concentric eyewall cycles, naturally occur in tropical cyclones. They occur generally with winds greater than 185 km/h (115 mph), or major hurricanes (Category 3 or above).
Lee J. Cobb
Cobb died in Woodland Hills, California from a heart attack, aged 64.
North East Delhi
Demographics
According to the 2011 census, North East Delhi had a population of 2,241,624, roughly equal to the nation of Latvia, or the United States state of New Mexico. This gives it a ranking of 202nd in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 36155 PD/sqkm. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 26.78%. North East Delhi has a sex ratio of 886 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 83.09%.
Smallfoot (movie)
Production
It was produced by the Warner Animation Group and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. The story is based on the unpublished children's book Yeti Tracks by Sergio Pablos. The movie was co-written and directed by Karey Kirkpatrick.
Release
Smallfoot was theatrically released in the United States on September 28, 2018. It received a mostly positive reception from critics and grossed over $214 million worldwide.
Plot
The plot follows a tribe of Himalayan Yeti who come across a human being, with each species thinking the other was just a myth.
Voice cast
The movie stars the voices of Channing Tatum, James Corden, Zendaya, Common, LeBron James, Gina Rodriguez, Danny DeVito, Yara Shahidi, Ely Henry, and Jimmy Tatro.
Julia de Burgos
Julia de Burgos (February 17, 1914 – July 6, 1953) was a Puerto Rican poet. She was a Puerto Rican Nationalist. She advocated for civil rights for women, African Americans, and Afro-Caribbean people.
Poetry career
In 1938, at the age of twenty-four, Julia de Burgos published her first book of poems by herself. She traveled around Puerto Rico selling copies. She was raising money to help cover the cost of her mother’s cancer treatments. Her poems discuss themes of feminism, social justice, slavery, and Puerto Rican independence.
She famously wrote, "I Am the Life, the Strength, the Woman."
She influenced the poets of the Nuyorican movement, including Victor Hernández Cruz, Giannina Braschi, and Pedro Pietri.
She died of alcoholism in an East Harlem hospital in New York City.
Today she is called a Puerto Rican icon. She is one of Puerto Rican greatest figures in Puerto Rican poetry.
Poems
De Burgos wrote Poemas exactos a mi misma (1937), Poema en veinte surcos (1938), and Canción de la verdad sencilla (1939). Her poem El mar y tú: otros poemas (1954) was published after her death.
Honors and legacy
Her honors include awards from the Institute of Puerto Rican Literature. She has an honorary doctorate from the University of Puerto Rico. Many schools, public parks, and cultural centers are named after her, including: the Julia de Burgos Cultural Arts Center in Cleveland, the Julia de Burgos Latino Cultural Center in New York, and Julia de Burgos Park in Chicago.
The Julia de Burgos postage stamp was issued on September 14, 2010, in San Juan, Puerto Rico. It is the 26th stamp in the United States Literary Arts series.
Annville, Kentucky
Annville is a census-designated place (CDP) in Jackson County, Kentucky in the United States.
Henderson County, Kentucky
Henderson County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 46,250. Its county seat is Henderson. The county was formed in 1798.
Quan Chi
Quan Chi is a character from the Mortal Kombat franchise.
Fictional character biography
Quan Chi teamed up with Shang Tsung for their Deadly Alliance.
Reception
The character was well-liked, but his Fatalities were mixed.
New Milford, New Jersey
New Milford is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 16,341.
Planets beyond Neptune
The planet Neptune was discovered in 1846. After this, many people thought that there might be more planets, which are further away from the sun than Neptune. In the early 20th century, Percival Lowell stated that there must be another planet-like body, farther out than Neptune. Lowell said that such a planet-like object could explain some irregularities in the orbits of the gas giants, in particular Uranus and Neptune. The gravity of a large unseen ninth planet could have perturbed Uranus enough to explain the irregularities. He called it "Planet X".
Pluto
In 1930, Clyde Tombaugh discovered Pluto. This seemed to validate Lowell's hypothesis. Pluto was officially considered the ninth planet until 2006. There was a problem, however: In 1978, Pluto was found to be too small. Its gravity would be unable to affect the gas giants. This finding triggered a search for a tenth planet. The spacecraft Voyager 2 supplied new measurements in the early 1990s. These measurements showed that Pluto was even smaller than in the 1978 measurement. According to a scientific study published at the time, the error could explain the irregularities observed in Uranus's orbit. After the study had been published, the search was largely abandoned.
After 1992, the discovery of many small icy objects with similar or even wider orbits than Pluto led to a debate over whether Pluto should remain a planet, or whether it and its neighbours should, like the asteroids, be given their own separate classification. Although a number of the larger members of this group were initially described as planets, in 2006 the International Astronomical Union reclassified Pluto and its largest neighbours as dwarf planets, leaving only eight planets in the Solar System. Pluto was taken as a model for a dwarf planet.
Existence of Planet X
Today, the astronomical community widely agrees that Planet X, as originally envisioned, does not exist. A number of astronomers have used the concept of Planet X to explain other anomalies observed in the outer Solar System. In popular culture, and even among some astronomers, Planet X has become a stand-in term for any undiscovered planet in the outer Solar System, regardless of its relationship to Lowell's hypothesis. Other trans-Neptunian planets have also been suggested, based on different evidence.
Possibilities beyond Neptune
Beyond the orbit of Neptune, there is a structure called the Kuiper belt. It contains objects called centaurs. Plutinos have also been discovered beyond the orbit of Neptune. Many of these were discovered between 1980 and 1992.
Jan Suchý
He played in the Czechoslovakia national team in the world championships of 1965, 1966, 1968–71, 1973 and 1974. He also played in the ice hockey tournament of the 1968 Winter Olympics, winning a silver medal with his team.
Planets beyond Neptune
Possibilities beyond Neptune
In 2004, the media again talked about the subject, when Sedna was discovered, twice as far from the sun than Pluto. Sedna is not a planet. In 2005, the discovery of Eris was announced. This was called a planet at first; but later reclassified. Today it is the biggest of the dwarf planets. Many other objects were discovered, but none of these is made of solid rock, they more resemble asteroids and comets.
Jan Suchý
Suchý died on 24 August 2021 at the age of 76.
Planets beyond Neptune
Possibilities beyond Neptune
Different hypotheses have been put forward: A hypothetical star, located at about 50,000 AU distance, has been called Nemesis. Nemesis might be either a red dwarf or a brown dwarf. In the original article, it was claimed Nemesis would orbit the sun at about 95,000 AU. The existence of Nemesis could explain events of mass extinction on earth which seem to occur at intervals of 26 million years. However, its existence is not necessary to explain the extinctions. There are actually fewer brown dwarfs in our cosmic neighborhood than previously thought. Rather than one star for every brown dwarf, there may be as many as six stars for every brown dwarf. The majority of solar-type stars are single.
A hypothetical planet, located in the Oort cloud has been called Tyche. Tyche would be at least as large as Jupiter, and could be up to ten time as large. Originally, it was postulated to be hundreds of times farther than Neptune, at a distance of between 30,000 to 50,000 AU.
In the year 2013, neither hypothesis could be proved.
Punctuation
Punctuation is the name for marks used for writing text. They are used to separate ideas in sentences. Punctuation makes text easier to read and understand. These are the most common punctuation marks used in English:
There are other punctuation marks but used less often. Other languages have other marks, such as French using guillemets,  as quotation marks.
Rules of punctuation
The use of punctuation in English changes depending on the sentence. Many punctuation marks have more than one use. Modern typography says that punctuation should only be used when there is a need for it. Because of this, people use less punctuation in their writing today than in the early 20th century.
When punctuation marks should be used is often decided by a group or organization. Then, it is written down into a style guide of format rules. Newspapers have a style guide so that every newspaper is consistent with its writing.
Reasons for punctuation
In the second example, no style guide will help. The writer just has to make sure that the sentence is understood as it is written. Punctuation is there to help the reader make sense of what is written. Often it is best to change the sentence so that the meaning does not rest on a comma. That seems to make the meanings clear.
Period or full stop
A period (U.S.A.), full stop (U.K. and Commonwealth) or full point (typography and printing), looks like this: .
Salvisa, Kentucky
Salvisa is a census-designated place of Kentucky in the United States.
Punctuation
Period or full stop
A period or stop is used to end a sentence. The period plus a space separates sentences in prose, and makes it easier to read. If they are not needed, they should not be used. So, for example, in a list format it is obvious when a section ends, therefore it does not need a full stop.
A period can show numbers that are smaller than one. With money, a period is used to show the amount of money less than one dollar.
A period is sometimes used to show that a word has been made shorter. A word that is made shorter with a period is called an abbreviation.
Comma
A comma looks like this: ,
A comma has many uses. Some of these are shown below:
Question mark
A question mark looks like this: ?
Question marks are used when writing a question, to make an inquiry, or to ask something.
2020 United States Senate election in Arkansas
An election was held on November 3, 2020 to elect a Senator from the U.S. state of Arkansas. The main people in the election were Tom Cotton (Republican Party) and Ricky Dale Harrington Jr. (Libertarian Party).
Punctuation
Exclamation mark
An exclamation mark looks like this: !
2020 United States Senate election in Arkansas
This election was strange because there was no person from the Democratic Party in the election. This was because the only person in their primary election, Josh Mahony, withdrew and it was too late for anyone else to be in the primary. Only Cotton was in the Republican Party's primary election.
Punctuation
Exclamation mark
An exclamation mark is used to write about a surprise or emotion, or to write the words a person shouts. It can be used to make a statement stronger or more forceful.
Apostrophe
An apostrophe looks like this:  '
Ownership
An apostrophe can be used to show that something belongs to someone else.
If there is only one thing, the letter s is used after an apostrophe to show ownership.
Sometimes the letter s is not used after an apostrophe to show ownership. A word will end with just an apostrophe if there is more than one thing and the word already ends with an s.
Contractions
An apostrophe can be used to put two small words together. Two small words that are put together with an apostrophe to make one word are called contractions. This is normal in writing about a person speaking. Spoken English often uses contractions because these words are easier to say.
Common mistakes when using apostrophes
Pronouns do not use an apostrophe to show that something belongs to something else. Among these are its, his, hers, theirs.
Plurals (words referring to more than one thing) do not need an apostrophe.
Quotation marks
Quotation marks (also called quote marks or quotes for short) are used around the words that people have said, or direct speech. They are used in pairs.
Order of punctuation
When quotation marks sit next to periods and commas, there are two styles of punctuation. These two styles are most commonly referred to as "American" and "British"; the British one is also called "logical quotation".
Both systems have the same rules regarding question marks, exclamation points, colons, and semicolons. But they differ in how they treat full stops and commas.
In all major forms of English, question marks, exclamation marks, semicolons, and any other punctuation are placed inside or outside the closing quotation mark depending on whether they are part of the quoted material.
British practice
The style in the United Kingdom and other non-American places is called British style, logical quotation, or logical punctuation. it includes inside quotation marks only those punctuation marks which appeared in the original quoted material. Otherwise it places punctuation outside the closing quotation marks. Fowler's A Dictionary of Modern English Usage provides an early example of the rule: "All signs of punctuation used with words in quotation marks must be placed according to the sense." When dealing with words-as-words, short-form works and sentence fragments, this style places periods and commas outside the quotation marks:
With direct speech, British placing depends on whether or not the quoted statement is complete or a fragment. According to the British style guide Butcher's Copy-editing, American style should be used when writing fiction. In non-fiction, some British publishers may permit placing punctuation that is not part of the person's speech inside the quotation marks but prefer that it be placed outside. Periods and commas that are part of the person's speech are permitted inside the quotation marks regardless of whether the material is fiction.
U.S. practice
In the United States, the common style is called American style, whereby commas and periods are almost always placed inside closing quotation marks. This style of punctuation is common in the U.S. and to a lesser extent, Canada as well., and is the style usually recommended by The Chicago Manual of Style and most other American style guides.
When dealing with words-as-words, short-form works and sentence fragments, standard American style places periods and commas inside the quotation marks:
This style also places periods and commas inside the quotation marks when dealing with direct speech, regardless of whether the work is fiction or non-fiction:
Ending the sentence
In both major styles, regardless of placement, only one end mark (?, !, or .) can end a sentence. Only the period, however, may not end a quoted sentence when it does not also end the enclosing sentence, except for literal text:
Colon
This is a colon: :
Colons can be used at the beginning of a list. "This is a list of animals: birds, cats, insects, pigs, and sheep.".
Colons can be used to replace a semicolon in between two parts of a sentence, but this is not common today.
Standard English usage is to have no spaces before, and one space after a colon.
Semicolon
A semicolon has only two uses. First, to connect two independent clauses into a single sentence. For example: "I could tell that it was getting late; it was growing darker by the second." The second use of a semicolon is to separate items in a series when the items contain parenthetical elements within themselves. For example: "The following crewmembers were on the bridge: James T. Kirk, captain of the Enterprise; Mr. Spock, first science officer; Mr. Sulu, helmsman; Mr. Scott, engineer; and Dr. McCoy, chief medical officer."
A semicolon is also used with a conjunctive adverb when joining two clauses. In reality, this is the same as the first rule, but it looks different enough to sometimes cause concern. For example: "huzaifa, context in which all life exists; consequently, it is more than a political issue."
Ellipsis
An ellipsis is a mark that looks like this: ...
It is used to show where words have been omitted when quoting what a person said. Ellipses are used in dialogue very often. They can be used to show that a sentence is incomplete, to add suspense in dialogue or text, or to show mumbling while speaking.
Harrison Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Harrison Township is a township in Allegheny County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. The population was 10,461 at the 2010 census.
Stefan Nutz
Stefan Nutz (born 15 February 1992) is an Austrian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Austrian Bundesliga club SV Ried.
Career
Stefan Nutz started playing football for FC Pöls. Other youth teamswere SK Sturm Graz and GAK. 2010 he started his professional career with the first team of GAK. 2012 he joined SV Grödig in the Second league. Withe the team he was promoted to the Bundesliga. 2015 he went to SK Rapid Wien. In August 2017 he joined SV Ried. After the relegation he went on to SCR Altach. On 7 July 2019 Nutz he went back to Ried.
Alexander Auldjo
Alexander Auldjo (October 21, 1758 – May 21, 1821) was a businessman and political figure in Lower Canada.
Auldjo was born in Aberdeen, Scotland in 1758. He came to Montreal around 1778. He became a fur trader. Later he exported wheat and imported goods from England. In 1796, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada for Montreal West. He also became a Justice of the Peace. Auldjo was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel during the War of 1812. In 1817, he became a shareholder in the Bank of Montreal. His brother George was Lord Provost of Aberdeen.
Perugia
Perugia (said "Pah-ru-zha" ) is the capital city of the region of Umbria in central Italy, near the Tiber River, and the capital of the province of Perugia. The city is about 100 miles (160 kilometres) north of Rome. It covers a high hilltop and part of the valleys around the area.
The history of Perugia goes back to the Roman Empire. However, major parts of the city have been destroyed, and rebuilt, because of many wars, and of earthquakes in the mid-19th century. In recent decades, the city has been known as a university town, with the University of Perugia (about 34,000 students), the University for Foreigners (5,000 students), and some smaller colleges, also. There are annual festivals and events: the Eurochocolate Festival (October), the Umbria Jazz Festival, and the International Journalism Festival (in April).
Perugia is a well-known artistic center of Italy. The famous painter Pietro Vannucci, nicknamed Perugino, came from Città della Pieve near Perugia. He decorated the local Sala del Cambio with a beautiful series of frescoes; eight of his pictures can also be seen in the National Gallery of Umbria. Perugino was the teacher of Raphael, the great Renaissance artist who produced five paintings in Perugia (today no longer in the city) and one fresco. Another famous painter, Pinturicchio, lived in Perugia. Galeazzo Alessi is the most famous architect from Perugia. The city symbol is the griffin, which can be seen in the form of plaques and statues on buildings around the city.
History
Perugia was an Umbrian settlement but first appears in written history as Perusia, one of the twelve confederate cities of Etruria. It was first mentioned in Q. Fabius Pictor's account, used by Livy, of the expedition carried out against the Etruscans by Fabius Maximus Rullianus in 310 or 309 BC. At that time, a thirty-year indutiae (truce) was agreed upon; however, in 295 BC, Perusia took part in the Third Samnite War and was reduced, with Volsinii and Arretium (Arezzo), to seek for peace in the following year.
In 216 and 205 BC, Perugia assisted Rome in the Second Punic War. Little else is known until 41-40 BC, when Lucius Antonius (brother of Mark Antony) took refuge there, in the Roman civil war between Mark Antony and Octavian. Much of ancient Perugia was destroyed by Octavian (later became Emperor Augustus) after a long siege, and its senators were sent to their death. A number of lead bullets used by slingers have been found in and around the city. The city was burnt, we are told, with the exception of the temples of Vulcan and Juno. The huge Etruscan terrace-walls, naturally, can hardly have suffered at all. Afterward, the town, with the territory for a mile round, was allowed to be occupied by whoever came. It must have been rebuilt almost at once, for several bases of statues exist, inscribed with the words "Augusto sacr(um) Perusia restituta". However, the town did not become a colonia, until 251-253 AD, when it was resettled as Colonia Vibia Augusta Perusia, under the emperor C. Vibius Trebonianus Gallus.
Perugia is hardly mentioned, except by the geographers, until it was the only city in Umbria to resist Totila, who captured it and laid the city waste in 547, after a long siege, apparently after the city's Byzantine garrison evacuated. Negotiations with the besieging forces fell to the city's bishop, Herculanus, as representative of the townspeople. Totila is said to have ordered the bishop to be flayed and beheaded. St. Herculanus (Sant'Ercolano) later became the city's patron saint.
In the Lombard period, Perugia is spoken of as one of the principal cities of Tuscia. In the 9th century, with the consent of Charlemagne and Louis the Pious, it passed under the popes; but by the 11th century its commune was asserting itself, and for many centuries the city continued to maintain an independent life, warring against many of the neighbouring lands and cities: Foligno, Assisi, Spoleto, Todi, Siena, Arezzo, etc. In 1186, Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, rex romanorum and future emperor, granted diplomatic recognition to the consular government of the city; afterward Pope Innocent III, whose major aim was to give state dignity to the dominions having been constituting the patrimony of St. Peter, acknowledged the validity of the imperial statement and recognized the established civic practices having the force of law.
On various occasions, the popes found asylum, from the conflicts in Rome, within its walls, and it was the meeting-place of five conclaves (Perugia Papacy), including those which elected Honorius III (1216), Clement IV (1285), Celestine V (1294), and Clement V (1305); the papal presence was characterized by a peace-time rule between the internal rivalries. But Perugia had no mind simply to serve the papal interests and never accepted papal sovereignty: the city used to exercise a jurisdiction over the members of the clergy. Also, in 1282, Perugia was excommunicated due to a new military conflict against the Ghibellines regardless of a papal prohibition. In the other hand, side by side with the 13th-century bronze griffin of Perugia, above the door of the Palazzo dei Priori stands, as a Guelphic emblem, the lion: Perugia remained loyal for the most part to the Guelph party in the struggles of Guelphs and Ghibellines. However this dominant tendency was rather an anti-Germanic and Italian political strategy. The Angevin presence in Italy appeared offer a counterpoise to papal powers: in 1319 Perugia declared the Angevin Saint Louis of Toulouse "Protector of the city's sovereignty and of the Palazzo of its Priors" and set his figure among the other patron saints above the rich doorway of the Palazzo dei Priori. At the half of the 14th century, Bartholus of Sassoferrato, who was a renowned jurist, asserted that Perugia was dependent upon neither imperial nor papal support. In 1347, at the time of Rienzi's unfortunate enterprise in reviving the Roman Republic, Perugia sent ten ambassadors to pay him honour; and, when papal messengers sought to force it by foreign soldiers, or to exact contributions, they met with vigorous resistance, which broke into open warfare with Pope Urban V in 1369; in 1370 the noble party reached an agreement signing the treaty of Bologna and Perugia was forced to accept a papal legate; however the vicar-general of the Papal States, Gérard du Puy, Abbot of Marmoutier and nephew of Pope Gregory IX, was expelled by a popular uprising in 1375, and his fortification of Porta Sole was razed to the ground.
Civic peace was constantly disturbed in the 14th century by struggles between the party representing the people (Raspanti) and the nobles (Beccherini). After the assassination in 1398 of Biordo Michelotti, who had made himself lord of Perugia, the city became a pawn in the Italian Wars, passing to Gian Galeazzo Visconti (1400), to Pope Boniface IX (1403), and to Ladislas of Naples (1408–14) before it settled into a period of sound governance under the Signoria of the condottiero Braccio da Montone (1416–24), who reached a concordance with the Papacy. Following mutual atrocities of the Oddi and the Baglioni families, power was at last concentrated in the Baglioni, who, though they had no legal position, defied all other authority, though their bloody internal squabbles culminated in a massacre, 14 July 1500. Gian Paolo Baglioni was lured to Rome in 1520 and beheaded by Leo X; and in 1540 Rodolfo, who had slain a papal legate, was defeated by Pier Luigi Farnese, and the city, captured and plundered by his soldiery, was deprived of its privileges. A citadel known as the Rocca Paolina, after the name of Pope Paul III (Italian: Paolo), was built, to the designs of Antonio da Sangallo the Younger "ad coercendam Perusinorum audaciam." In 1797, the city was conquered by French troops. On 4 February 1798, the Tiberina Republic was formed, with Perugia as the capital, and the French tricolour as flag. In 1799, the Tiberina Republic merged to the Roman Republic.
In 1832, 1838 and 1854, Perugia was hit by earthquakes. Following the collapse of the Roman republic of 1848-49, when the Rocca was in part demolished, it was seized in May 1849 by the Austrians. In June 1859, the people rebelled against the temporal authority of the Pope and established a provisional government, but the insurrection was quashed bloodily by Pius IX's troops. In September 1860 the city was united finally, along with the rest of Umbria, as part of the Kingdom of Italy.
Economy
Perugia has become famous for chocolate, mostly because of a single firm, Perugina, whose Baci (kisses) are widely exported. Perugian chocolate is very popular in Italy, and the city hosts a chocolate festival every October.
Geography
Perugia is the capital city of the region of Umbria. Cities' distances from Perugia: Assisi 19 km, Siena 102 km, Florence 145 km, Rome 164 km.
Climate
Even though Perugia is in the Central part of Italy, the city has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), similar to much of Northern Italy.
Demographics
As of 2006, 90.84% of the people were Italian. The largest immigrant group came from other European countries (particularly from Albania and Romania): 3.93%, the Americas: 2.01%, and North Africa: 1.3%. Most people are Roman Catholic.
Education
Perugia today hosts two main universities, the ancient University of Perugia (Italian: Università degli Studi) and the University for Foreigners Perugia (Università per Stranieri). Stranieri serves as an Italian language and culture school for students from all over the world. Other educational institutions are the Perugia Fine Arts Academy "Pietro Vannucci" (founded in 1573), the Perugia Music Conservatory for the study of classical music, and the RAI Public Broadcasting School of Radio-Television Journalism. The city is also host to the Umbra Institute, an accredited university program for American students studying abroad. The Università dei Sapori (University of Tastes), a National centre for Vocational Education and Training in Food, is in the city as well.
Frazioni
The comune includes the frazioni of Bagnaia, Bosco, Capanne, Casa del Diavolo, Castel del Piano, Cenerente, Civitella Benazzone, Civitella d'Arna, Collestrada, Colle Umberto I, Cordigliano, Colombella, Farneto, Ferro di Cavallo, Fontignano, Fratticiola Selvatica, La Bruna, La Cinella, Lacugnano, Lidarno, Migiana di Monte Tezio, Monte Bagnolo, Monte Corneo, Montelaguardia, Monte Petriolo, Mugnano, Olmo, Parlesca, Pianello, Piccione, Pila, Pilonico Materno, Ponte della Pietra, Poggio delle Corti, Ponte Felcino, Ponte Pattoli, Ponte Rio, Ponte San Giovanni, Ponte Valleceppi, Prepo, Pretola, Ramazzano-Le Pulci, Rancolfo, Ripa, Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Sant'Egidio, Sant'Enea, San Fortunato della Collina, San Giovanni del Pantano, Sant'Andrea d'Agliano, Santa Lucia, San Marco, Santa Maria Rossa, San Martino dei Colli, San Martino in Campo, San Martino in Colle, San Sisto, Solfagnano, Villa Pitignano. Collestrada, in the territorio of the suburb of Ponte San Giovanni, saw a battle between the people of Perugia and Assisi in 1202.
Art
The Collegio del Cambio is an extremely well preserved representation of a Renaissance building and houses a magnificent Pietro Perugino fresco.
Culture
Umbria Jazz Festival 2008 International Journalism Festival 2009 Eurochocolate 2008
Transport
Perugia has taken drastic measures against car traffic. At certain hours of the day, driving is forbidden in the city centre. Large parking lots are provided in the lower town, from where escalators lead up through the Rocca Paolina into the city. Since 2008, a MiniMetro has also been in operation, with seven stations.
Perugia railway station, also known as Perugia Fontivegge, was opened in 1866. It forms part of the Foligno–Terontola railway, which also links Florence with the Roma Termini railway station in Rome. The station is at Piazza Vittorio Veneto, in the heavily populated district of Fontivegge, about 3 km southwest of the city centre.
Twin towns—Sister cities
Perugia has twin and sister city agreements with the following cities:
Hampton, Tennessee
Hampton is an unincorporated community in Carter County, Tennessee, United States. It is a few miles southeast of Elizabethton and northwest of Roan Mountain. It is part of the Johnson City Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the Johnson City–Kingsport–Bristol, TN-VA Combined Statistical Area – commonly known as the "Tri-Cities" region.
Joan of the Tower
Joan of the Tower (5 July 1321 – 7 September 1362) was the queen of Scotland from 1329 until her death as the first wife of David II of Scotland. She was the daughter of Edward II of England and Isabella of France.
Life
Joan was the youngest daughter of King Edward II of England and Isabella of France. She was born in the Tower of London on 5 July 1321. According to the Treaty of Northampton, Joan was married on 17 July 1328 to David the son and heir of Robert I of Scotland at Berwick-upon-Tweed. At the time of the marriage Joan was 7 and David was 4. Their marriage lasted for 34 years.
The Family (2013 movie)
The Family is a 2013 American-French criminal comedy movie. It is set in Normandy and was directed by Luc Besson. It stars Robert De Niro, Michelle Pfeiffer, Tommy Lee Jones, Vincent Pastore, Dianna Agron, and John D'Leo. It was released to mostly positive reviews on 13 September 2013 in the United States and 23 October 2013 in France.
Durham, New Hampshire
Durham is a town in Strafford County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 14,638 at the 2010 census. Durham is home to the University of New Hampshire.
Eldora, Iowa
Eldora is a city in Iowa in the United States. In 2003 there were 2,942 people living in Eldora.
Seward Peninsula
The Seward Peninsula is a large peninsula on the western coast of the U.S. state of Alaska. It sticks out about 320 km into the Bering Sea. It is just below the Arctic Circle. The peninsula is about 330 km long and 145 to 225 km wide.
The town of Seward, Alaska is actually not on the Seward Peninsula. It is much further south, on the Kenai Peninsula.
The Seward Peninsula was once part of the Bering land bridge. This was a strip of land that used to exist that connected Alaska with Siberia with mainland Alaska. It existed millions of years ago during a time called the Pleistocene Ice Age. People, animals, and plants all came across the land bridge into North America. Archaeologists have found proof that Inupiat Eskimos have been living there for thousands of years.
Demographics
The Peninsula does not have a lot of people today. There are no roads going there. The largest town is Nome. There are about 3,000 people there. The next largest town, Shishmaref, has only 607 people. Most of the other towns there have only a few hundred people. Some old mining towns there have no people left at all and have become ghost towns.
Geography and ecology
The Devil Mountain Lakes are on the Seward Peninsula. They are a kind of lake called a maar which is made by a volcano. The Devil Mountain Lakes are the biggest lakes like this in the whole world. There are four mountain ranges on the peninsula, the biggest ones are the Kigluaik (or Sawtooth) Mountains. The highest point on peninsula is the peak of 4714 ft Mount Osborn. Other mountain ranges on the Seward Peninsula include the Bendeleben Mountains, Darby Mountains, and York Mountains. There is also a big lava flow called The Lost Jim Lava Flow. Several hot springs are located throughout the peninsula as well.
The Seward Peninsula has several rivers. The rivers are important to the people who live there for several reasons. One reason is that they can catch fish to eat in them. Another reason is that they can travel by boat since there no roads. That way they can get to other towns on the river or to places where there are animals to hunt. Finding food is important there because there are not a lot of stores and it costs a lot of money to take food that far in an airplane or boat. The rivers freeze in the wintertime.
The most common kind of tree there is called a black spruce. It is a kind of pine tree.
Cape Prince of Wales is on the Peninsula. No other part of the mainland of North America is further west. It is only 52 mi from Russia.
The peninsula was named after William H. Seward. He was the United States Secretary of State made the deal with Russia to let the United States buy Alaska from them in 1867.
Michael Sheard
Michael Sheard (18 June 1938 – 31 August 2005) was a Scottish character actor who featured in many movies and television programmes, and was known for playing villains. His most prominent television role was as strict deputy headmaster Maurice Bronson in the children's series Grange Hill, which he played between 1985 and 1989. He appeared as Admiral Ozzel in The Empire Strikes Back (1980).
Early life
Sheard was born Michael Lawson Perkins in Aberdeen, Scotland, the son of Donald Marriot Perkins, a church minister. He trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London, and took his mother's maiden name as his stage name. During his national service Sheard was a Royal Air Force aircraftman.
Personal life
Sheard died of cancer on 31 August 2005, aged 67, at his home on the Isle of Wight, leaving his wife, Rosalind Moir, whom he married in 1961, and three children; two sons: Simon and Rupert and a daughter Susannah
ASASSN-15lh
ASASSN-15lh is a supernova detected on 14 June 2015. It is the most luminous supernova ever detected. At its brightest it was 50 times brighter than the whole Milky Way.
The supernova is some 3.8 billion light-years from Earth. It was found by the All Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae (ASAS-SN).
Megalampris
Megalampris is an extinct genus of prehistoric opah from the late Oligocene of New Zealand about 26 million years ago. It is only known from one species, which is called Megalampris keyesi.
Description
Megalampris was a marine fish with a big head highly reminiscent of a pycnodont. It looked different from today's opahs, having a dorsal fin resembling a swordfish, and having two fins below.
Serrasalmidae
Serrasalmidae is the family of piranhas. All are native to South America. It includes several living genera like Serrasalmus, and an extinct genus called Megapiranha.
Description
Piranhas have sharp teeth. A pycnodont called Piranhamesodon has teeth resembling a piranha. The bluefish is called the marine piranha because of its teeth.
Taxonomy
The Serrasalmidae were recently classified as a subfamily of the Characidae. However, the classification of these fish is still not certain. Despite this, the Serrasalmidae are relatively well understood. The genera and species are widely agrees.
Niels Kaj Jerne
Niels Kaj Jerne FRS (December 23, 1911 – October 7, 1994) was a Danish immunologist.
Jerne won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Georges J. F. Köhler and César Milstein in 1957. They won it "[f]or theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies".
Serrasalmidae
Relationship to humans
Many serrasalmids are in demand as aquarium ornamentals, and several such as Piaractus and Colossoma, are economically important to commercial fisheries and aquaculture.
Piranhas are generally less valued, although they are commonly consumed by subsistence fishers and frequently sold for food in local markets.
Niels Kaj Jerne
According to Jerne's biographer Thomas Söderqvist, Jerne did not play the role of a bench scientist, he could not pipette accurately, and he did not enjoy experimental work. Jerne's Nobel Prize was awarded for theories, rather than discoveries. He developed the "natural selection theory of immunology," which was proposed by Paul Ehrlich 50 years earlier, although he was missing the clonal selection element proposed by David Talmage and later by Frank Macfarlane Burnet. James Watson had told Jerne that his theory "stinks."
He was married three times and had two sons, Ivar Jerne (born 1936) and Donald Jerne (born 1941), with Tjek Jerne. He had a third son, Andreas Wettstein, with Gertrud Wettstein, in 1971. According to Söderqvist, his wife Tjek was distraught when she had found out that Niels was having an affair with her best friend, Adda Sundsig-Hansen. Tjek had told Adda about her own affairs, and Adda then told Neils about them too. After hearing this, Niels demanded a divorce. Tjek begged him to stay but he refused. She would then kill herself. Her son Ivar had woken up in the morning, smelled gas, and found his mother dead by the oven. His second wife was treated as a servant and nanny by Jerne. He was regularly unfaithful to his wives, and even though he was not physically handsome, he had attracted women by his charm as a conversationalist and his skills in the arts of love, which included a liking for sadism.
Ghazali Mohd Seth
General (Rtd) Tan Sri Dato' Mohd Ghazali bin Mohd Seth (4 February 1929 – 24 August 2021) was a Malaysian military personnel. He was the 7th Chief of Defence Forces of Malaysia from 1982 until 1985. He also was the Army chief from 1977 until 1982. He was born in Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
Ghazali died on 24 August 2021 at a hospital in Kuala Lumpur from heart failure, aged 92.
Brooks, Kentucky
Brooks is a census-designated place (CDP) in Bullitt County, Kentucky in the United States.
Jan D. Achenbach
Jan Drewes Achenbach (20 August 1935 – 22 August 2020) was a Dutch-American engineer, editor and educator. He was professor emeritus (Walter P. Murphy Professor and Distinguished McCormick School Professor) at Northwestern University.
Francisco Javier Suárez Regueiro
Francisco Javier Suarez Regueiro (born September 10, 1977 in Asturias) is a cyclist from Spain. He has a disability: He is blind. He competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He was the third cyclist to finish in the Tandem Road race.
Jan D. Achenbach
Achenbach was born in the northern region of the Netherlands, in Leeuwarden.
He worked as a preceptor at Columbia University, he was then appointed as assistant professor at Northwestern University.
East Delhi
East Delhi (a.k.a. Trans Yamuna) is an administrative district of the National Capital Territory of Delhi, India.
It is bounded by the Yamuna River on the west, North East Delhi to the north, Ghaziabad District of Uttar Pradesh state to the east, and Gautam Buddha Nagar District of Uttar Pradesh to the south.
Jan D. Achenbach
Achenbach is the founding editor-in-chief of Wave Motion.
He was honored with the National Medal of Science from President George W. Bush in 2005.
Achenbach died on 22 August 2020 at the age of 85.
East Delhi
It has a population of 1,448,770 (2001 census) and an area of 64 km², with a population density of 22,638 persons per km².
Administratively, the district is divided into three subdivisions: Gandhi Nagar, Preet Vihar, and Shahdara
Reference Daily Intake
The Reference Daily Intake (often shortened to RDI) is a system for labeling food. It is mostly used in the United States and Canada. It gives the quantity of a nutrient that most healthy people will need in a day. The value given usually satisfied the needs for well over 90% of the healthy adults. At the start, it was developed for the United States. Other countries have started
Acrylic paint
Acrylic paint is a fast-drying paint containing pigment in an acrylic polymer emulsion. Acrylic paints can be diluted with water, but are water-resistant when dry. Depending on how much the paint is diluted (with water) or modified with acrylic gels, media, or pastes, the finished acrylic painting can resemble a watercolor or an oil painting, or have its own unique appearance.
Acrylic paint can give a much brighter, more vivid colour than oil paints. It has been much used in modern art, and is cheaper than oil paint, which is rather an expensive material. When dry, acrylic paint usually cannot be removed from a solid surface.
The Drying time of Acrylic Paints. Galeria Acrylic: Thin color films dry in 10 to 20 minutes, whereas more significant films might take an hour or more to dry. Professional Acrylic: Thin coats dry in 20 to 30 minutes, but more significant layers might take an hour or two.
History
In 1934, a German chemical company created acrylic resin. It was first used in the 1940s. Acrylics were commercially available as paint for artists in the 1950s. Later, many advances were made to acrylic paint as more and more people began using it.