cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Electoral district of Willoughby
Willoughby is an electoral district of New South Wales. It was created in 1894, abolished in 1920, recreated in 1927, reabolished in 1988 and recreated again in 1991.
It is a conservative electorate.
Willoughby is located on Sydney's North Shore.
Election results
The swings above are calculated from the 2022 Willoughby state by-election.
Banco Patagonia
Banco Patagonia (Patagonia Bank) is a commercial bank with headquarters in the city of Buenos Aires. They have 200 service points in the main cities and capitals of the provinces of Argentina. The company provides financial services to individual clients, SMEs, micro-SMEs and large companies. Currently, it is the sixth most important Bank in the country.
The Banco Patagonia is listed on the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange and on the Bovespa, in São Paulo. Currently, it is part of the reference index of the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange. It is owned by Banco do Brasil, the second largest bank in Latin America. Banco do Brasil holds 58.96% of the shares of Banco Patagonia.
Ville-Savoye
Ville-Savoye is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Mesosaurus
Mesosaurus is an extinct marine reptile from the early Permian of southern Africa and South America. It was one of the first known marine reptiles, and had many adaptations to a fully aquatic lifestyle.
Bowbells, North Dakota
Bowbells is the county seat of Burke County, North Dakota, United States.
Mesosaurus
Palaeobiology
Mesosaurus was one of the first reptiles to return to the water after early tetrapods came to land in the later Devonian.
It was around 1 m in length, with webbed feet, a streamlined body, and a long tail that may have supported a fin. It probably propelled itself through the water with its long hind legs and flexible tail. Its body was also flexible and could easily move sideways, but it had heavily thickened ribs, which would have prevented it from twisting its body. Specimens show it was viviparous, bearing live young.
Mesosaurus had a small skull with long jaws. The nostrils were located at the top, allowing the creature to breathe with only the upper side of its head breaking the surface. Its teeth were suitable for catching small nektonic prey such as crustaceans.
Distribution
Mesosaurus was significant in providing evidence for the theory of continental drift, because its remains were found in southern Africa and eastern South America, two far away places. As Mesosaurus was a coastal animal, and therefore could not have crossed the Atlantic Ocean, this distribution indicated that the two continents used to be joined together.
Alberto Guerrero Martínez
Alberto Guerrero Martínez (28 June 1884 – 21 May 1941) was acting President of Ecuador in 1932.
Cassowary
Good
Cassowaries  (Casuarius) are a kind of large bird which cannot fly. They are in a group of flightless birds called the ratites. The ostrich, emu, moa (now extinct) and small kiwi are other ratites.
The cassowary lives in the tropical rainforests of New Guinea and north eastern Australia. They are shy birds living deep in the forest. They may become aggressive, and they may attack people. This makes it hard to learn about them.
A group of cassowaries is called a "shock".
Advance Wars: Days of Ruin
Advance Wars: Days of Ruin, known in PAL regions as Advance Wars: Dark Conflict and in Japan as Famicom Wars DS 2, is a turn-based tactics video game made by Intelligent Systems and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS game console. It's a lot different from other games in the series, which are cartoony, while this is gritty and realistic.
Louise Hay
Louise Lynn Hay (October 8, 1926 – August 30, 2017) was an American motivational author and the founder of Hay House. She authored several New Thought self-help books, including the 1984 book, You Can Heal Your Life. She was born in Los Angeles, California.
Cassowary
Species of cassowary
There are three living species of cassowary:
Louise Hay
Hay died in Los Angeles of natural causes on August 30, 2017 at the age of 90.
Cassowary
Description
The southern cassowary is the largest forest bird in the world, and the second heaviest bird in the world after the ostrich. It is third tallest after the ostrich and emu. Females are bigger and more brightly coloured. Adult southern cassowaries are between 1.5 m to 1.8 m tall. Some females may get as big as 2 m, and weigh about 70 kg. They do not have feathers on their necks. The necks are brightly colored in red, blue, purple and yellow. The southern cassowary has two wattles, loose skin, which hangs down from their neck. The northern cassowary has one wattle. The dwarf cassowary has no wattles.
Cassowaries have three toes on each foot. Each has a sharp claw. The middle toe has a claw like a dagger, which is 120 mm long. Because a cassowary can kick, this claw is very dangerous and can hurt or kill enemies. Scientists believe they can run up to 50 km/h. They can jump up to 1.5 m and they can swim. There have been reported attacks on people and animals by cassowaries. In April 1926, a cassowary killed a 16-year-old boy near Mossman, Queensland.
The cassowary's wings are small, and their feathers are different from other birds. They are not adapted for flying.
Breeding
Females lay between three and eight large, pale green-blue eggs at a time. These large eggs are about 90 mm by 140 mm and weigh about 600 grams. Ostrich and emu eggs are bigger. The male sits on the eggs for two months until they hatch. He then looks after the brown-striped chicks for nine months. The female mates with two or three males each year. A cassowary at the Healesville Sanctuary lived for 61 years.
The casque
All three types of cassowary have a horn-like helmet called a casque on the top of their head. The casque is a keratinous skin (like a finger nail) over an inside made of firm, but foam like material. This material can be bent and squeezed but it goes back to its proper shape. The name cassowary comes from two Papuan words meaning "horned head". The reason for the casque is unknown. There are a number of different ideas, such as:
Biologist Andrew Mack has watched cassowaries and disagreed with many of these ideas. He thinks that the casques play a part in the way cassowaries hear sounds or the way that they make sounds. He discovered that the dwarf Cassowary and southern cassowary make a very low sound. It is the lowest known bird call, like a "boom", which people can only just hear. The southern cassowary sound was measured at 32 hertz, and the dwarf cassowary was even lower at only 23 hertz. The birds live by themselves, they do not live in groups so the "booming sound" might be a way for the birds to communicate (talk) over a long distance in thick rainforest. Some scientists think that this may be how dinosaurs communicated with each other.
Diet
Their main food is fruit, but they eat other things such as snails, fungi, ferns and flowers. They are important because they spread plant and fruit seeds through the forest. Each cassowary is known to live in an area of up to 700 ha, so they carry seeds a long way. At least 70 rainforest trees need the cassowary to spread their seeds. Their seeds are too big for other rainforest animals to carry. Seeds from 21 plants have to be eaten and pass through the cassowary or they will not grow. Some seeds are poisonous to all other animals; only the cassowary can eat them. Scientists have worked out that about 150 rainforest plants need the cassowary.
Endangered species
The southern cassowary is now listed as endangered in Australia. The CSIRO states that approximately 4,400 cassowaries live in the Wet Tropics World Heritage Area. Many of the forest places that they like to live in have been cleared for farming and other development. It has been worked out that 75% of rain forest, where cassowaries used to live, have been cleared in Australia. When Cyclone Larry hit the Mission Beach area in 2006 a lot of cassowary forest was flattened. It is thought that 18% of the birds were killed by the storm. Animals such as wild pigs, dogs and cats, have become a big threat to the birds. Motor cars are a big danger to the birds. Scientists say that 70% of known cassowary deaths at Mission Beach, Queensland, were birds killed trying to cross roads.
The northern cassowary in New Guinea is listed as vulnerable. They could easily become an endangered animal unless things are done to protect them. Scientists do not know how many birds there are, but they think there may be anywhere from 2,500 to 9,999 northern cassowaries left.
Saving the cassowary
The CSIRO are studying cassowary faeces to see if they can use their DNA to count how many birds are left. In 2008, the Australian Government stopped rainforest land being used to build houses at Mission Beach. They are going to try and keep corridors (narrow forest areas) so the birds can move between rainforest areas safely. People will be asked to replant forest trees and plants on their land to help make these corridors. The government is looking at buying land for more corridors. Scientists are finding out when and where cassowaries cross roads. This will mean strict limits on motor car speeds to protect cassowaries that might try to cross some roads. Plans are being looked at to build raised roads so the birds can pass underneath.
Many zoos, such as the Australian Reptile Park in Gosford, the Airlie Beach Wildlife Park and the Denver Zoo are trying to breed cassowaries. Cassowaries in zoos have lived for up to 60 years. The first cassowary kept in a zoo was in Amsterdam in 1597. It had been brought back as a present for the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II.
Cassowaries in art and music
In 2007, Australian singer Christine Anu, made an album called Chrissy's Island Family. This is a collection of songs for children. One of the songs is called Cassowary. It is about Samu, the Wakka Woo cassowary. There is picture book for children, called Sisi and the Cassowary, by Arone Raymond Meeks. It has drawings in traditional aboriginal style to tell a Dreamtime like story.
English natural history writer and artist, John Gould, had drawings of the cassowary in his set of seven books called The Birds of Australia. These were printed in London between 1851 and 1869. The cassowary drawings were completed by Henry Richter. Richter's watercolor painting of the cassowary is in the museum in Melbourne, Victoria.
Mezzo-soprano
A mezzo-soprano is a female singer whose voice is a little lower than that of a soprano but not low enough to be called a contralto. There are many roles in opera that need a mezzo-soprano voice, for example the role of Carmen in the opera Carmen by Georges Bizet or Cherubino in Le Nozze di Figaro by Mozart. Famous mezzo-sopranos include: Marilyn Horne and Dame Janet Baker who have both now retired. Alice Coote and Susan Graham are famous mezzo-sopranos today.
Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da
"Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da" is a 1968 song by The Beatles and taken from their ninth studio album The Beatles. It went to number 1 in Australia, Austria, Germany, Japan, New Zealand and Switzerland. It went to number 27 in Canada and number 49 in the United States in 1976.
Black Point
Jonás Joaquín Ortiz Alberto (born in 1989), is better known by his stage name Black Point (sometimes El Negro or Black Jonas Point). He is a Dominican rapper, songwriter and producer. Ortiz, along with Del Patio and Pitbull, wrote and performed the song "Watagatapitusberry". This song reached number 30 in the US Billboard Latin Songs chart and number 13 in the US Billboard Tropical Songs chart.
Biography
Black Point was born in Santo Domingo, in the Dominican Republic. He was only 8 when he started to get interested in hip hop music and start writing rap songs. His manager, Big W One, was the person that produced and record his debut song of rap on the 2000. On 2008 Black Point arrives to the Dominican Republic's radio stations gaining so much fame with themes like "Mi mujer no era mala", "Amigo" and the famous collaboration of hip hop Dominican culture, "Capea El Dough: All Stars".
Haiti at the Olympics
Haiti at the Olympics is a history which began at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris.
The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Haiti is HAI.
Martin Brasier
Brasier died in a car accident near Burford, Oxfordshire, UK, on 16 December 2014.
Gnome Alone
Gnome Alone is a computer animated comedy fantasy movie. It was made in the United States and released in 2017.
Villemontoire
Villemontoire is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Carlos Freile Larrea
Carlos Freile Larrea (1876 – 23 April 1942 ) was acting President of Ecuador from 27 August 1932 to 2 September 1932.
Crosby, North Dakota
Crosby is the county seat of Divide County, North Dakota, United States.
Alta, Wyoming
Alta is a census-designated place (CDP) in Teton County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 394 at the 2010 census.
Flash Gordon (serial)
Flash Gordon is a 1936 13-chapter science fiction Flash Gordon movie serial. It is the first movie adventure for the Alex Raymond comic strip character. It is the first science fiction movie serial. It tells the story of Flash Gordon's first visit to the planet Mongo where he confronts the evil Emperor Ming the Merciless.
Buster Crabbe plays the space adventurer Flash Gordon, Jean Rogers plays his love Dale Arden, Frank Shannon plays the scientist Dr. Zarkov, Charles B. Middleton plays Ming the Merciless, and Priscilla Lawson plays Ming's daughter Princess Aura.
In 1996, the serial was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant", and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress.
Flash Gordon's Trip to Mars, a sequel to this movie, was released in 1938.
Myocardial infarction
A myocardial infarction, also and commonly called a heart attack, happens when a blood vessel in the heart suddenly becomes blocked. Blood vessels carry blood and oxygen. When a blood vessel in the heart gets blocked, blood cannot get to part of the heart. This part of the heart does not get enough oxygen. This is called ischemia. When the heart muscle becomes ischemic (does not get enough blood and oxygen), the ischemia often causes chest pain. This is called Angina Pectoris. If the ischemia lasts long enough, the heart muscle that is not getting enough oxygen dies. This is called an infarction. "Myocardial infarction" means "infarction (muscle death) in the heart muscle."
A heart attack is a medical emergency. The first few minutes are very important for keeping the person alive. Some of the damage from the heart attack can be repaired if the person gets treatment during the first hour of the attack.
Causes
Most heart attacks are caused by Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). In coronary artery disease, a wax-like material called plaque builds up on the inside walls of arteries in the heart. This is called atherosclerosis. Plaque is made of cholesterol and other cells. The amount of plaque increases slowly. As more plaque builds up, the insides of the heart's blood vessels get narrower. This means that less blood can flow through the blood vessels. This can cause platelets (which make the blood clot) to build up in front of the plaque. This causes a blood clot in the blood vessel. If the clot breaks free and gets stuck in part of the blood vessel made narrower by the plaque, the plaque and the clot together block the blood vessel completely. This makes it impossible for blood to get to part of the heart, and causes a heart attack.
A person can lower their chances of getting coronary artery disease by eating healthy foods, exercising, not smoking cigarettes, and not drinking too much alcohol.
Symptoms
Signs that a person is having a heart attack show over several minutes, and rarely come immediately. Most people having a heart attack have chest pain. Sometimes, people also have pain in the left arm, the lower jaw, the neck, the right arm, the back, or in parts of the abdomen.
Many women have different symptoms than men. The most common symptoms include shortness of breath (trouble breathing), weakness, and feeling very tired. Some women feel tired, do not sleep properly, and have shortness of breath for up to a month before they have a heart attack. Women may also have nausea and stomach upset when having a heart attack.
Sometimes, people have "silent heart attacks." These are heart attacks that do not cause any pain. They are more common in elderly people, women, and people with diabetes. In these people, suddenly feeling very tired, or fainting, may be the only sign of a heart attack.
Treatment
A heart attack is a medical emergency that needs treatment as quickly as possible. The most important thing is to save as much myocardium (heart muscle) as possible and prevent more complications. As time passes, the risk of damage to the heart muscle increases.
Doctors or paramedics usually start certain treatments as soon as a heart attack is suspected. These treatments include:
Once doctors are sure that a person is having a heart attack, there are two main treatments: "clot-busting medicines" (thrombolytics) and percutaneous coronary intervention.
Clot busters
"Clot-busting medicines" (called thrombolytics) can dissolve blood clots that are blocking the blood vessels in the heart. This makes it possible for blood and oxygen to flow again to the part of the heart that was not getting enough blood and oxygen. The most common clot-busting medicine is called tissue plasminogen activator (tPA).
Clot-busters work best if patients get them within 30 minutes after getting to the hospital. However, if a patient gets a clot-busting medicine within 12 hours after the heart attack starts, they have a better chance of surviving.
Clot-busting medicines do have some risks. Sometimes they can thin the blood too much and cause bleeding.
Percutaneous coronary intervention
Percutaneous coronary intervention is a way of opening blocked coronary arteries. Percutaneous means that the procedure is not done by cutting a person open in surgery. Coronary intervention means "way to help the heart". Percutaneous coronary intervention is also called "coronary angioplasty".
In a percutaneous coronary intervention, a doctor threads a flexible tube into one of the patient's blood vessels, usually one in the upper thigh. The doctor threads the tube up to the blocked blood vessels in the heart. On the end of the tube is a balloon. The doctor blows up the balloon, which pushes the plaque and blood clot against the side of the blocked blood vessel. This allows blood to flow through that blood vessel again. Sometimes, a doctor might also place a small mesh tube called a stent into the blood vessel. The stent will make sure the blood vessel stays open and does not get blocked again in the future.
First Aid
As soon as a person thinks they may be having signs of a heart attack, they should call emergency service right away. (Emergency services can be reached dialling 911 in the US, and 112 in most of continental Europe) However, the average person waits about three hours before asking for help. When a person waits to get help, they are more likely to have more serious damage to their heart. The American Heart Association says "time is muscle": the more time a person waits to get treatment, the more heart muscle dies.
If a person is having trouble breathing, sitting straight up can help. The person should follow any instructions they get from the emergency operator or their doctor.
2014–15 Bundesliga (women)
The 2014–15 Frauen Bundesliga was the 25th season of the Frauen Bundesliga in Germany. It took place from 30 August 2014 to 10 May 2015. Bayern Munich won their first Bundesliga title.
Advance Wars: Dual Strike
Advance Wars: Dual Strike, known in Japan as Famicom Wars DS is a turn-based tactics video game made by Intelligent Systems and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS game console. It is the sequel to Advance Wars 2: Black Hole Rising for the Game Boy Advance.
Animal Crossing: New Leaf
Animal Crossing: New Leaf is a life simulation video game made by Nintendo for the Nintendo 3DS game console. It was released on November 8, 2012 in Japan, on June 19, 2013 in North America, on June 14, 2013 in Europe, and on June 15, 2013 in Australia. It is the latest game in the Animal Crossing series. It was first shown at E3 2010.
Like the other Animal Crossing games, in Animal Crossing: New Leaf, the player lives in a village where everyone is an animal. The player can interact with villagers by talking with them. Instead of a house, the player starts the game living in a tent. As the game goes on, the player will be able to change and add new things to it. The player is also able to swim in the ocean that surrounds the village. Also new to this game is that you can become mayor of your town. Becoming mayor allows you to change your town more than in past games. You can do things such as set ordinances or start the building of public work projects as mayor.
Villequier-Aumont
Villequier-Aumont is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Manning, North Dakota
Manning is the county seat of Dunn County, North Dakota, United States.
Ed Emery (politician)
Edgar G. H. Emery (May 25, 1950 – August 7, 2021) was an American businessman, engineer, and Republican politician. He was a member of the Missouri Senate from 2013 until 2021. He was also a member of the Missouri House of Representatives from 2003 until 2011. Emery was born in Nevada, Missouri.
In June 2021, Emery announced his plans to run for the United States House of Representatives for Missouri's 4th district in 2022.
Emery died at a hospital in Columbia, Missouri on August 7, 2021 from a heart attack, aged 71.
Common wood pigeon
The wood pigeon is mostly grey, with large white patches on both sides of the neck.
Oded Fehr
Oded Fehr (עודד פהר; born 23 November 1970 in Tel Aviv) is an Israeli film and television actor. He acted in The Mummy.
Fuzzy Knight
John Forrest "Fuzzy" Knight (May 9, 1901 – February 23, 1976) was an American actor. He appeared mostly in westerns, usually as the hero's friend. He also appeared in the 1950s television series, Captain Gallant of the Foreign Legion. He married actress Patricia Ryan (née Thelma de Long).
Breton Americans
Breton Americans are Americans of Breton ancestry from Brittany.
Robert McCormick Adams Jr.
Adams, Jr. died on January 27, 2018 in Chula Vista, California at the age of 91.
Phillip Archuleta
Phillip M. "Felipe" Archuleta (May 12, 1949 – December 16, 2014) was an American politician. Archuleta was a Democratic member of the New Mexico House of Representatives, serving from 2013 until his death in 2014.
Thomas Pynchon
Thomas Ruggles Pynchon Jr. (, commonly ; born May 8, 1937) is an American author. He is part of the MacArthur Fellowship and writes very complex novels with deep meanings. He writes many different types of both fiction and non-fiction. For ''Gravity's Rainbow, Pynchon won the 1973 U.S. National Book Award for Fiction
Pynchon is from Long Island, New York, and served two years in the United States Navy. He also got a degree in English from Cornell University. He published many short stories in the late-1950s and early-1960s. After this, he started writing novels. He is most famous for the novels V. (1963), The Crying of Lot 49 (1966), and Gravity's Rainbow (1973) from this time.
Dalit
"Dalit" refers to socially, economically and historically marginalized communities predominantly in India. It also means "broken/scattered" in Sanskrit and Hindi. The term dalits was in use as a translation for the British Raj census classification of Depressed Classes prior to 1935. It was popularised by the economist and reformer B. R. Ambedkar (1891–1956), who included all depressed people irrespective of their caste into the definition of dalits. Hence the first group he made was called the "Labour Party" and included as its members all people of the society who were kept depressed, including women, small scale farmers and people from backward castes.
Dr. Ambedkar fought for a separate electorate for Dalits in Ramsay MacDonald’s Communal Award during British Raj. This award would have ensured adequate representation of Dalit community enabling them to vote for their candidate.
Dalit (from Sanskrit ‘dal’ which means to split, to crack, to break) is the name given to a group of people who have been historically considered outcasts in Hindu societies from South Asia (India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh) and Eastern Africa (Somalia). Today, the Dalits, formerly known as "Chandala" (Untouchables), have increasingly adopted the term “Dalit” as their way out of the social segregation imposed by the caste system.
New leaders like Kanhaiya Kumar subscribe to this definition of "dalits", thus a Brahmin marginal farmer trying to eke out a living, but unable to do so also falls in the "dalit" category. Ambedkar himself was a Mahar, and in the 1970s the use of the word "dalit" was invigorated when it was adopted by the Dalit Panthers activist group. Gradually, political parties used it to gain mileage.
What is untouchability?
Untouchability, is an ancient form of discrimination based upon caste. It is not merely the inability to touch a human being but also an attitude towards a minority group translated into various physical acts, norms and practices.
Social status
The Dalit status carried with it the stigma of “untouchability” because it is associated with menial, degrading tasks immediately connected with their traditional occupations which include skinning dead cows or buffaloes, unclogging sewers, disposing of dead bodies of livestock and cleaning latrines.
Types of discrimination
The discrimination against the Dalits takes various forms such as:
Break My Soul
"Break My Soul" (written in all capital letters) is a 2022 song by American singer Beyoncé. The song was released June 20, 2022. It is the lead single from her seventh studio album, Renaissance (2022). The song samples the 1992 house song "Show Me Love" by Robin S, which was written by Allen George, G Syier Hawkins Brown and Fred McFarlane, with background vocals from New Orleans bounce rapper Big Freedia and a sample of Freedia's song "Explode". "Break My Soul" was co-produced by Beyoncé, The-Dream, and Tricky Stewart.
Dalit
Literacy and education
The rate of literacy among the Dalits, as per 1991 census, was 37.41% as compared to 57.69% for non-Dalits. Untouchability in schools has contributed to drop-out and illiteracy levels for Dalit children. The 1991 census of India reported that Dalit communities were one of the least literate social groups in the country, with only 30% of Dalit children recognized to have basic reading and writing skills.
Break My Soul
Julianne Escobedo Shepherd of Pitchfork said the song shows "Beyoncé as an SSRI [antidepressant]" and that Beyoncé is "acknowledging the predicament in which many of her non-zillionaire listeners find themselves."
Dalit
Poor health
Half of India's Dalit children are undernourished, 21% are 'severely underweight', and 12% die before their 5th birthday. Between 1998-1999 at least 50% of Dalit women suffered from anemia. High morbidity and child mortality are firmly linked to their low quality of life imposed by poverty, educational status and discrimination.
Break My Soul
On August 8, 2022, Billboard announced that "Break My Soul" was at the top of the Hot 100 for the week ending August 13. It is Beyoncé's eighth US solo chart-topper (twelfth when counted as a member of Destiny's Child). The song spent two weeks at number one.
Dalit
Social reform in India
There have been many attempts to neutralize the caste-based discrimination. In the 1930s, the teachings of B. R. Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi began to change attitudes towards the Dalit minority. In 1949 ‘Untouchability’ was outlawed by the Indian constitution and Indian law does not permit the practice of a caste system. Discrimination against the Dalit minority has become an important human rights and political issue. Even so, in rural areas the Dalits are still facing the consequences of the slow and steady decline of discrimination.
Social progress
Today, the Dalit movements (The Dalit Panther Movement, the Dalit Mahasabha and the Dalit Sangharsh Samithi) which have emerged during the 20th century continue to struggle for equality and implementation of Communal Award. The progress of the past few decades shows hope for an improved level of equality within Indian society. In 1997, Kocheril Raman Narayanan became the first Dalit to have been elected President of India Another important political figure was Mayawati Kumari, the leader of the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) which represents the Dalits. She has been elected four times as Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, India’s most populous state.
Non-governmental organizations
The National Campaign on Dalit Human Rights (NCDHR) established in 1998 by Dalit human rights activists, is one of many organizations committed to the elimination of caste discrimination. It's main objectives are “to hold the State accountable for all Human Rights violations committed against Dalits; to sensitize civil society by raising visibility of the Dalit problem; and to render justice to Dalit victims of discrimination and violence.” The International Dalit Solidarity Network, which was established in 2000, is another organization concerned about caste discrimination and similar forms of discrimination based on work and descent. It has emerged as a network of national solidarity groups from affected countries such as those in South Asia and even West Africa.
Villers-Cotterêts
Villers-Cotterêts is a commune in the Picardy region in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Villeret, Aisne
Villeret, Aisne is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Alfredo Baquerizo
Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno (28 September 1859, in Guayaquil – 20 March 1951) was an Ecuadorian politician. He served as Vice President of Ecuador of Leónidas Plaza and Lizardo García from 1903 to 1906 and as President of Ecuador three times in August - September 1912, September 1916 – August 1920 and October 1931 - August 1932. He was a member of the Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party.
Bokbunja ju
Bokbunja ju (hangul: 복분자주; hanja: 覆盆子酒; also spelled bokbunjaju, bokbunja-ju, or bokbunjajoo, and also called bokbunja wine) is a Korean traditional wine made from fermented Korean black raspberries called bokbunja (hangul: 복분자; hanja: ; Rubus coreanus). It is made by fermenting berries with water.
Bokbunja ju is crimson in color and sweet. It has between 15% and 19% alcohol by volume, depending on the brand. Koreans believe that it is good for health and promotes male sexual stamina. It is often drunk on special occasions.
Charles B. Middleton
Charles B. Middleton (October 3, 1874 – April 22, 1949) was an American stage and movie actor. He appeared in nearly 200 movies and many plays. He played the evil emperor Ming the Merciless of the Planet Mongo in the three Universal Pictures Flash Gordon movie serials. He married movie actress Leora Spellman.
Buster Crabbe
Clarence Linden "Buster" Crabbe II (February 7, 1908 – April 23, 1983) was an American Olympic swimmer, and a movie and television actor. He won a gold medal in the 400-meter freestyle at the 1932 Summer Olympics and for playing science fiction hero Flash Gordon in three movie serials. He is the only actor to have played the three most popular pulp fiction heroes of the 1930s — Flash Gordon, Buck Rogers, and Tarzan.
Crabbe started swimming as a boy. He went to the University of Southern California, and was a member of its first swim team. He trained as an Olympics swimmer, and won a bronze medal in the 1928 Summer Olympics and a gold medal in the 1932 Summer Olympics. He won 16 world and 35 national records during his swimming career.
After the 1932 Olympics, he went to Hollywood. He played the heroes in 103 feature length jungle, crime, drama, and western B-movies as well as the heroes in nine movie serials. In the late 1940s, Crabbe left movies to put together his own water show. He got into debt and looked for ways to make money. He turned to television.
He was the host a children's series in New York City and starred in an NBC adventure series called Captain Gallant of the Foreign Legion. His debts were paid, but his acting skills grew less in demand. He developed several business interests including Buster Crabbe Swim Pools. He retired to Scottsdale, Arizona, and died there of a heart attack in 1983.
Birth
Crabbe was born on February 7, 1908 in Oakland, California to Edward Clinton Simmons Crabbe and Lucy Agnes McNamara Crabbe. His father was a real estate broker. He was named Clarence Linden Crabbe after his grandfather. Clarence had a brother named Edward Clinton Simmons Crabbe II who was a year younger. He was named for their father. Clarence was nicknamed "Buster" and Edward II was nicknamed "Buddy". Both boys kept these nicknames for the rest of their lives.
Ancestors
Buster's ancestors include Captain John Meek, a Massachusetts man who chose a life on the sea. Meek married an Hawaiian girl in 1820, and lived in the Hawaiian Islands. Their daughter Elizabeth married an American sailor named Horace Gates Crabb. Horace added an "e" to his last name. Elizabeth and Horace had a son in 1861 they named Charles Linden Crabbe. He went to the United States at the age of 20 to work on the railroads. He lived in Nevada, and married Emma Rich in 1881. In 1882, Charles and Emma became the parents of Edward Clinton Simmons Crabbe, Buster's father.
After four years in Nevada, Charles moved his family to Hawaii. He later went into the Hawaii State Senate. His son Edward went to school in Hawaii and then to college at the University of California, Berkeley. He dropped out of college to sell real estate in the San Francisco area. Edward Crabbe married Agnes McNamara in 1907. A business partner stole Crabbe's money in 1913, leaving him broke. He had no choice but to move his wife and sons to Oahu. They lived in the house of his parents. In later life, Buster said he always thought of the Islands his true home.
Boyhood
Buster Crabbe grew up in Hawaii. He started swimming on the beach at Waikīkī as a young boy. When his father became the manager of a pineapple plantation on Oahu, the whole family moved away from the beach. Buster and his brother had to stop swimming. A year after the move, Mr. Crabbe got a real estate job in Hilo, Hawaii. The family moved to Hilo, and the boys started swimming again when their father joined a yacht club. With all the moving about, it was not easy for the Crabbe boys to go to school. Buster was eight and a half years old when he joined the first grade in Hilo Union School.
When World War I started in 1918, Buster's father joined the Army. He graduated from Officer Candidate School, and moved his family to the Schofield Barracks in the center of Oahu. Once again, the boys were too far from the beach to go swimming. They rode horses instead, and went to the Honolulu Military Academy. When Buster's father was discharged from the Army in 1920, he moved his family to Honolulu. Mr. and Mrs. Crabbe were divorced about 1920. The two boys were placed in the custody of their father. They lived with their grandparents in Honolulu.
College
Two weeks into his first year at Yale, Crabbe returned to Hawaii because his grandmother was dying. She did not die until the spring of 1929 though. Yale told Crabbe he could come back to the university on his scholarship, but he would have to start over as a freshman. He didn't want to do this. He applied to Stanford University, but was told the same thing. He was happy when he got a scholarship to the University of Southern California (USC) as a sophomore. He worked in a downtown Los Angeles store to make money, and joined the Sigma Chi fraternity. He was a member of USC's first swim team. He got his Bachelor of Science degree from USC in June 1931.
Swimming career
Buster started swimming as a very young boy. He was 15 years old when he joined his school's swim team. In his last year at school, he was captain of the team. He graduated with four letters in varsity sports. After high school, he competed in many swim meets and won many awards and titles. He won a place on the 1928 Summer Olympics team, but became ill with the flu on his way to Amsterdam, where the Olympics were being held. He lost at least 10 lb. He was not up to his usual strength, and won only a third place bronze medal in the 800-meter freestyle.
He kept training and competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics at Los Angeles. He won the gold medal in the 400-meter freestyle by a tenth of a second. This was a new world record. He was the only male swimmer to win Gold at the 1932 Summer Olympics. He became a sports superstar known around the world.
Early years: 1930-1935
Crabbe's movie career started in 1930 while he was going to USC. He was an extra in a few movies about college football and did stunts for Joel McCrea in a suspense movie. Crabbe got his first big part in 1932. It was a Tarzan-like character called Kaspa. He signed a one-year contract with Paramount Pictures. He was paid $100 a week. The movie was called King of the Jungle; it opened in theaters in 1933.
Next, Crabbe had a small part in Man of the Forest, a western with closeted gay actor Randolph Scott. It was Crabbe's first western. He would make many more during his movie career. Crabbe showed his bare chest in one scene, and was told to "put more wood on the fire". He had one two-word line, "Yes, boss". He was billed on movie posters as "the star of King of the Jungle". After Forest, he had a few bit parts, and then went to Paramount's acting classes.
In 1933, Crabbe starred in Tarzan the Fearless. It was the one and only time he played Tarzan. Fearless was a movie serial in 12-parts. A movie fan had to go to the theater every week for 12 weeks to see the whole movie. The movie was a failure. Crabbe made six more movies in 1933. He saved $3,700 from the money he made. He had enough money to go to law school if his contract was not renewed. His contract was renewed, however. His salary was raised to $150 per week. The movie studio changed his name to Larry "Buster" Crabbe.
In 1934, he was in six movies. Only two were for Paramount, the studio that hired him. He was in Ida Lupino's first American movie, Search for Beauty, and in a W. C. Fields movie called, You're Telling Me! Paramount loaned him to RKO Pictures and Majestic Pictures for one movie each, and to Mayfair Pictures for two movies. These three studios billed him as Buster Crabbe.
In 1935, Paramount renewed his contract for the third time. He was paid $300 a week. He made only three movies for Paramount in 1935: two westerns and a college football movie. He did not make any movies for other studios.
Flash Gordon and other movie serials: 1936-1952
In 1936, Crabbe learned that Universal Pictures was planning to produce Alex Raymond's science fiction comic strip, Flash Gordon, as a movie serial. He went to try-outs, and was offered the part of Flash at once. Crabbe accepted. He was under contract to Paramount at the time, so Universal made arrangements to borrow him.
Flash Gordon is famous for being the most expensive and the most popular movie serial ever made in America. Universal had turned two other comic strips into successful serials: Tailspin Tommy in 1934 and its sequel Tailspin Tommy in the Great Air Mystery in 1935. The Flash Gordon comic strip was hugely popular.
Crabbe had to have his hair bleached and waved for the part. He was not happy about this. He wore a hat outside the studio to hide his hair. Crabbe did his own stunts in the serial.
Flash Gordon opened in movie theaters in 1936. It was a great success. Crabbe enjoyed the success, but wished he would get a part in a major motion picture. Paramount renewed his 1937 and 1938 contracts with raises. In 1938, he was paid $600 per week. He also played in crime movies and westerns at this time.
A sequel to Flash Gordon was made in 1938 called Flash Gordon's Trip to Mars. It was a low budget serial and used scenes from the prequel. Crabbe was disappointed with the serial, but he was happy playing Flash again because the part had made him famous.
The Beatles: Rock Band
The Beatles: Rock Band is a music video game. It was developed by Harmonix Music Systems, published by MTV Games, and distributed by EA Distribution. It is the third game in the Rock Band series. It was released for the PlayStation 3, Wii, and Xbox 360 on September 9, 2009. The game centers on the popular English rock group The Beatles.
Buster Crabbe
Flash Gordon and other movie serials: 1936-1952
In 1938, he made another serial for Universal called Red Barry. It was a modern detective story set in San Francisco. The serial was based on a comic strip by Will Gould.
The Beatles: Rock Band
The game comes with a guitar controller, a drum set, and a microphone. Up to six people can play at a time, playing drums, vocals, bass, and guitar. As with previous games in the series, players get points by hitting the right notes at the right time. Earning points earn the players stars, which show how well the player did on a song. The game has 45 Beatles songs. More songs are available as download content (content that can be downloaded from the internet from the game's publisher).
Buster Crabbe
Flash Gordon and other movie serials: 1936-1952
Crabbe left Paramount in 1939. Crabbe told an interviewer that the studio did not want to give him a raise. "I spent more time away from my lot than I put there ... I was under contract there (Paramount) from 1932 to 1939. And it didn't cost them a penny. Every time I was loaned out they were paid ... I was supposed to get a $250 raise per week. And the studio called my agent and said we would like him to stay but we don't want to give him a raise." Crabbe's agent knew Universal had the star in mind for more serials and convinced him to leave Paramount. He had made 26 B-movies during his six years with Paramount, but never a major movie.
In 1939, he made another serial for Universal called Buck Rogers. Like Flash, it was based on a popular science fiction comic strip. Crabbe was paid $1,000 per week. Universal made Crabbe's third and final Flash Gordon serial, Flash Gordon Conquers the Universe in 1940. Crabbe was paid a flat $25,000. He became known as "The King of the Serials". He had made five serials for Universal and owed Universal (not Paramount) the stardom he had won.
Crabbe was disappointed with Flash Gordon Conquers the Universe. He said, "I never forgave Universal for making a cheater—you know, using stock stuff—of the last one ... The first serial (Flash Gordon), however, was the most expensive serial ever made, about $500,000 ... To risk this kind of money for a serial ... well, I thought they were crazy. Crazy."
Crabbe made a total of nine movie serials during his career. The last three were made for Columbia Pictures. In 1947, he made The Sea Hound, and, in 1950, Pirates of the High Seas. His last serial was King of the Congo in 1952.
"Billy" westerns
Between 1941 and 1946, Crabbe starred in a series of westerns for Producers Releasing Corporation (PRC). He played a crime-fighting cowboy called Billy the Kid. Billy was not based on the real life outlaw of the American Old West, but the character's name was changed to Billy Carson to avoid confusion. Crabbe had signed with PRC for only two movies, but those two movies were hugely popular so the studio continued the series.
These PRC westerns took 10–12 days to make, and cost about $25,000 each. They were 50–60 minutes long, and were the second features on double bills. Crabbe made about eight of these westerns every year. He had time to make other movies during the year, too. He made jungle pictures and crime movies.
When World War II started, PRC had to make budget cuts. The shooting schedules for the "Billy" westerns were cut back from 10–12 days to 7–8 days. There was no time or money to correct mistakes. In one scene, for example, Crabbe bumps his head on a window frame as he jumps through the window. There was no time or money to reshoot the scene; it had to be left as it was.
Villers-Hélon
Villers-Hélon is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Buster Crabbe
"Billy" westerns
Crabbe did not serve in the military during World War II because he was 34 years old and had a family. Instead, he made training movies for the Field Artillery. He kept making westerns for PRC during the war. In 1942 and 1943, he made 15 westerns. Crabbe's PRC contract ran out in 1946. He had made 36 "Billy" westerns for PRC.
Last movies
Crabbe made five movie westerns between 1957 and 1965. None of these movies was special in any way. In 1970, he played an old cowboy in The Comeback Trail. The movie did not do well. Crabbe said it was the best movie he ever made, but there were too many sexy scenes so families stayed away. He tried to convince the producers to make the movie more family-friendly by cutting the "heavy" scenes, but they refused. His last movies were Swim Team in 1979 and The Alien Dead in 1980.
The Aqua Parade
During the summer months through the years he made the "Billy" movies, Crabbe kept swimming and also did water shows. About 1946, he put his savings into his own show. He called it, The Aqua Parade. He said his two-hour show was a "labor of love" as well as a "profitable occupation". In 1947, his show played in cities and state fairs across the United States over a five-month period. The show got good reviews. Crabbe was in the water ballet and in a part of the show called "The Evolution of Swimming".
In 1950, the show went to Europe. It had problems. The company was asked to make new costumes and scenery for the Paris show. Crabbe knew this would cost a lot of money, but everyone in the show agreed that doing this would be better than going back to America. The show met more problems in Italy. The company had to swim in cold water in Milan because there was no time to heat the pool. Additionally, the show lost money because it played in a small arena with limited seating. In the end, Crabbe was $100,000 in debt and went back to America wondering what he was going to do. He started doing television.