cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Tong Binggang
Tong died on 9 July 2020 in Beijing, aged 92.
Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines
Coal mines were operating in the village until 1849.
Burlington County, New Jersey
Burlington County is a county in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Its county seat is Mount Holly. As of the 2018 Census Bureau estimate, the county's population was 445,384, making it the 11th-largest of the state's 21 counties.
Tennessee General Assembly
The Tennessee General Assembly (TNGA) is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is a part-time bicameral legislature made-up of a Senate and a House of Representatives. The Speaker of the Senate is also the Lieutenant Governor of Tennessee.
Angela Griffin
From 2006 to 2010, she appeared as Art teacher and head of pastoral care Kim Campbell, opposite former Cutting It co-star Jason Merrells and former Coronation Street co-star Denise Welch in the BBC One school-based drama series Waterloo Road. She took maternity leave for the third series in late 2007/early 2008, but returned to the role for the fourth series in 2009. However, she left once again at the end of the fifth series to concentrate on her new daytime show on Sky1. In January 2022, it was announced that Griffin would be reprising her role as Kim for the shows eleventh series, which began airing in January 2023.
Early life
Born and raised in Leeds, Griffin was born to an English mother and Caribbean father from Saint Kitts and Nevis.
Miagliano
Miagliano is a comune in the Province of Biella in the Piedmont region in Italy.
The Switch (2010 movie)
The Switch is a 2010 movie. It is a romantic comedy about a woman who wants to get pregnant. The movie stars Jennifer Aniston, Jason Bateman, Patrick Wilson and Juliette Lewis. The Switch was the last movie to be distributed by Miramax before that company was sold by Disney. It was released on August 20, 2010. The movie was not well liked by critics. It made almost 50 million dollars at the box office.
T. Colin Campbell
Thomas Colin Campbell (born March 14, 1934) is an American biochemist. He works in the effect of nutrition on long-term health. He is the Jacob Gould Schurman Professor Emeritus of Nutritional Biochemistry at Cornell University.
Career
Campbell has become known for his advocacy of a low-fat, whole foods, plant-based diet. He is the author of over 300 research papers and three books, The China Study (2005, co-authored with his son, Thomas M. Campbell II), which became one of America's best-selling books about nutrition), Whole (2013) and The Low-Carb Fraud (2014). Campbell featured in the 2011 American documentary Forks Over Knives.
Jason Done
Jason Done (born 5 April 1973) is an English actor and narrator, best known for his role as Tom Clarkson in the BBC school-based drama series Waterloo Road, which he played from 2006 to 2013; making him the second longest-serving cast member in the show. He also portrayed Mordred in the 1998 mini-series Merlin and Stephen Snow in the ITV drama series Where the Heart Is (1999–2001). As well as narrating various programmes, he has also made appearances in television series such as Peak Practice, Coronation Street, Casualty, Vera and Death in Paradise.
Kenzo Suzuki
Kenzo Suzuki (born July 25, 1974) is a Japanese professional wrestler who is best known for wrestling for WWE and New Japan Pro Wrestling. Suzuki is currently wrestling for All Japan Pro Wrestling and is part of the stable, Voodoo Murders. He is often managed to the ring by his real-life wife, Hiroko Suzuki.
Blockchain
A Blockchain (or block chain) is a series of digital entries, which cannot be easily changed once they are created. It is commonly used in cryptocurrency. It is how digital transactions are recorded and verified. This is done by using several concepts from cryptography, including digital signatures and hash functions. In very basic terms, a blockchain combines the following two ideas:
Blockchains are secure by design. Blockchain technology is used where keeping a correct record is important. Use cases include medical records, identity management,   food traceability, gaming and voting.
In 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto included as references 3 and 4 of Bitcoin: A Peer to Peer Electronic Cash System, the two papers by Haber and Stornetta  to serve as the public transaction ledger of the cryptocurrency bitcoin. Because of its blockchain, bitcoin became the first digital currency to solve the double-spending problem without the need of a trusted authority or central server. The bitcoin design has inspired other applications.
Patiala state
Patiala was a Sikh princely state that lasted from 1714 to 1948. Its rulers were descended from Chaudhary Phul (1627-1689), a Sidhu Jat from Mehraj village in the Bathinda District of Punjab. The other Sikh states, such as Jind and Nabha, were also the descendants of Phul. Its capital was in the Malva region of Punjab, but its territory expanded from Bathinda to present-day Mohali. They were known as the Phulkian (Patiala) Dynasty.
The House of Phul, was a Jatt of Sidhu Clan, belonging to the Malva Region of Punjab. Their ancestors had converted to Sikhism in the early 1600s. They claim to be the descendants from the sidhu jats, who ruled in the 11th century. The migrated to the Malva region of Punjab, establishing themselves at present day Bathinda District of Punjab.
The Sidhu Jatts and the Bhullar Jatts of the Bathinda district, never got along with each other, They were at war. But later Nanu Bhullar, got his daughter married in the house of these Sidhu Jatts, the ancestors of the Patiala State.
They were known as the Phulkian (Patiala) Dynasty. Ahmed Shah Abdali, Afghan Ruler and Maharaja Ala Singh became friends, the Sikh Chieftains of Punjab did not Like this so the Dal Khalsa met at Akal Takhat in Amritsar in 1765, in which it was decided that Patiala should be kicked out of the Dal Khalsa. And it will not be part of the 12 Sikh Confederacies, it was also the year when Ala Singh died and his son Amar Singh had become the next ruler. Ahmed Shah Abdali, bestowed upon Maharajah Amar Singh, the title of Raja-i-Rajgan, and he also was allowed to strike his own coins. But the Sikh Nation was not to happy about this, and in years to come they the Phulkians would be traitors to the Khalsa Panth, and helping the British to attack the Sikh interior of Punjab.
Even when Sardar Hari Singh Dhillon (r.1746-1764), the Sikh Bhangi Misl Maharaja of Amritsar, Tarn Taran Sahib and Lahore, found out about Ahmed Shah Abdali being in the Patiala Kingdom, he marched with a big army of dashing looking Sikh soldiers from the Majha, where the holy city of Amritsar is located, on Patiala Kingdom to chase the Ahmed Shah away, but on the way he was killed, by someone. Years later his younger son Sardar Ganda Singh Dhillon (d. 1776), the Maharajah of Lahore and Amritsar, married of his daughter Bibi Rattan Kaur, to Maharajah Sahib Singh of Patiala in 1787, the marriage took place at Amritsar. Five years later he remarried Bibi As kaur, the daughter of Sardar Gurdas Singh Chatha. It is As kaur, who's Sons and Grandsons ruled on.
Sumner, Maine
Sumner is a town in Oxford County, Maine, United States.
Patiala state
From 1809-1947, the Phulkian State, had good relations with the British Government, the Patiala State, royal family, were not Orthodox Sikhs, but very secular/mixed rulers. Very mixed with the East India Company. A time when the Sikh Kingdoms did not like British, visiting their Land, Patiala, was the first to call the British, In his territory. The later royal family became Congress, an Indian party, after the break up of Dynasty.
Rajasthani Paintings within Patiala
Patiala State, was different from other Sikh States, as it did not support Sikh religion, and not following the Sikh rules. But still the State religion was Sikhism. The Later Patiala Maharajahs (Karam Singh) introduced Hindu Paintings of Hindu Gods within their Qila Mubarak palace in Patiala, it can still be seen, on the Palace Walls. Showing great respect to all religions. Rajput Hindu Paintings were very famous in Patiala from 1800s, The Maharajahs got them selves painted in Rajput Styles. And even had relations with the Royal Hindu States of Rajasthan.
Relations with other Royal Jat States
They also had relationship with the Hindu Jat Rulers of Royal Bharatpur State in Rajasthan of Sinsinwar Clan. As Maharajah Narinder Singh, in 1859, married of his third daughter Maharani Bishan Kaur, to Rajah Jaswant Singh, (1851-1893), Jat ruler of Bharatpur State. Intermarriage between the Phulkian Jatts, and Rajasthani Royal Hindu Jatts, was very common, During the 19th Century.
Signing their Union with India
Maharajah Yadavindra Singh, signed his union with India in 1948, transferring his Kingdom, to the Government of India, Patiala State was united with the Punjab State of India, in 1948. The Maharajah also told other Royal Princely States to Unite with India.
Steroid
A steroid is a organic compound, either natural or man-made, which has four cycloalkane rings in its structure. Plants, animals and fungi make hundreds of different natural steroids.
Steroid hormones are steroids which act as hormones in the body. Natural steroid hormones are usually made from cholesterol in the adrenal glands and gonads. Cholesterol is a plentiful steroid in animal cells: it is important for cell membranes.
Examples of steroid hormones include
One review noted: The adrenal gland hormones play a vital role in adapting to "ever-changing environmental and emergency situations, and help vertebrates in their successful survival".
Prednisone is an important man-made steroid medication, used to treat inflammation.
Medical use
Some steroid hormones are anabolic steroids (AAS). Since the discovery and synthesis of testosterone in the 1930s, AAS have been used by physicians for many purposes, with varying degrees of success:
Abuse
Certain anabolic steroids, such as testosterone, are used to help make muscles stronger. Such steroids are used to improve a person's performance, but they are sometimes overused and abused by athletes. The rate of steroid abuse grew greatly in the early 21st century, all over the world. Overuse of anabolic steroids can have bad effects on the human body. They can cripple or kill. Sports organisations now regulate their use.
Coat of arms of Ghana
The coat of arms of Ghana was adopted on 4 March 1957 by Ghanaian artist Amon Kotei.
Deuel County
Deuel County is the name of two counties in the United States:
2000–01 Nordic Football Championship
The 2000–01 Nordic Football Championship was the 14th Nordic Football Championship. Six Nordic countries were in the tournament, Denmark, the Faroe Islands, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. Some of the tournament was played in Spain.
Ed Wild
Leonard Edwin Wild (22 January 1935 – 10 July 2020) was a Canadian basketball player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1956 Summer Olympics. He was born in Vancouver, British Columbia.
Arne Næss
Arne Dekke Eide Næss (27 January 1912 – 12 January 2009) was a Norwegian philosopher who coined the term "deep ecology".
In 1960 he started a periodical - a scientific periodical (or magazine) Inquiry.
Book of Job
The Book of Job (איוב) is the 18th book in the Hebrew Bible or Old Testament. It is one of the books in the class of poetry.
Beginning
The Bible says "In the land of Uz" there lived a man whose name was Job. He feared God and shunned evil. Job had seven sons and three daughters, and he owned seven-thousand sheep, three-thousand camels, five hundred yoke of oxen and five hundred donkeys, and had a large number of servants. He was the greatest man among all the people of the East." "When a period of feasting had run its course, Job would send and have them purified. Early in the morning he would sacrifice a burnt offering for each of them, thinking, "Perhaps my children have sinned and cursed God in their hearts. This was Job's regular custom." The Bible also says that Job was a pious, rich, loyal and a man who loved God.
Satan meets God
One day Satan and the Angels of God went to God. God tells Satan about his servant Job and how good he is. Satan says that the only reason he is like that is because God was good to him and gave him sons and daughters and many animals. Satan asks if he can test Job and God lets him. God tells Satan not to kill Job.
First test
The first test Satan did was to take away all of Job's animals, killing the servants that were with the animals, and killing all of Job's sons and daughters while they were eating together. Even though Satan did these things to Job, Job did not curse God like Satan wanted Job to do.
Satan meets God again
Satan and the Angels went to meet God again. Like before, God talked about how good his servant Job is. Satan says that Job will curse God if he makes Job sick, which he did. This is the last meeting with Satan, the Angels.
Second test
Satan afflicted sores all over Job's body. Job's wife told him to curse God and die. Job told her that if he said that, that would be foolish. Even though Job lost everything he had and suffered from painful sores all over his body, he did not sin against God by cursing him. Satan had failed in trying to make him sin. This is the final time Satan is mentioned in the Book of Job.
Job's friends
When Job's friends heard about the things that happened to him they went to comfort him. Most of the book tells of Job and his friends talking. The names of his friends are Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar. Towards the end of the book, Job's friends start to think that Job is not good because a lot of bad things are happening to him. Job keeps on saying that he is good but he starts to wonder if God really is good.
Job and God
After God speaks to Job and his three friends, God asks Job where he was when He created the earth and filled it with amazing things (meaning that it is not possible for man to understand God's ways). God gets very angry at Job's friends for thinking that Job was not a good man and for saying things about God they did not know about, and Job prays for his friends: God answers his prayer. God blesses Job because he did not curse Him. God gives him more than he had before.
Jerusalem
Jerusalem ( ; القُدس  ) is one of the oldest cities in the world that people have lived in continuously. It is important to many major religions. Jews consider Jerusalem a holy city because it was their religious and political center during Biblical times and was the place where the Temple of God stood. Christians consider Jerusalem holy because many events in the life of Jesus took place there. Muslims believe that Muhammad rose to heaven from Jerusalem, and the Al-Aqsa Mosque is the first Qibla of Muslims after Mecca.
Jerusalem is the capital city of both Israel and Palestine, under their laws. Most other countries disagree. Most countries have their embassies with Israel in Tel Aviv.
Jerusalem is about 40 miles (64 kilometers) east of the Mediterranean Sea. It is a hilly city with many valleys around it.
History
Jerusalem is a very old city. It has great importance for three religions: Judaism, Christianity and Islam. The Bible says King David, the second king of Israel, took this city from pagans and settled his palace there. King Solomon, David's son and the next king, built the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem. Later, as capital of Judah, Jerusalem was destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar II, the king of Babylon. The Palace of King David and the Temple of Solomon were burned, and the Jews were captured and taken to Babylon. Seventy years later, the Persian King Cyrus allowed them to return to Jerusalem and to rebuild the Temple.
Later the area was occupied by Romans. King Herod the Great, who ruled for the Roman Emperor, made the Temple larger to try and win Jewish favor. The Temple was famous for its greatness and beauty.
Jesus died in Jerusalem around 33 CE. In 70 CE, the Jews rebelled against the Romans, but the Romans destroyed the city and the Temple. Jewish people who lived in Jerusalem were caught and became slaves. The Romans renamed Jerusalem with a Latin name. Since then, the Temple has not been rebuilt, and only a part of its wall remains until today.
Later, the Pope in Rome sent the Crusaders from Western Europe to try and take Jerusalem back. They succeeded for a while, but eventually the city fell again to the Saracens. Until the 20th century, Jerusalem was a part of the Ottoman Empire. There were some Jews in Jerusalem all along, even though they were ruled by other people.
The "New City" of Jerusalem is the part outside the old stone walls. People started building the new city in the 1800s. Mishkenot Sha'annanim, Mea Shearim, and the Bukharan Quarter are some of the first neighborhoods in the new city.
After World War I, the Ottoman Empire had been defeated. In June 1922, the League of Nations approved the British Mandate of Palestine. This gave control of the area to the United Kingdom. The land west of the Jordan River was known as Palestine. It was under direct British control until 1948. The land east of the Jordan River was known as Transjordan, and was governed by the Hashemite family. Transjordan gained independence in 1946.
In 1949, at the end of the first Arab-Israeli War, Jerusalem was divided between Israel and Jordan. Israel controlled the western part of the city. Jordan controlled the eastern section, including the Old City, a walled section of Jerusalem dating from Biblical times. Israel took control of the entire city during the Six-Day War in 1967.
Jerusalem today is claimed by the state of Israeli as its capital. The United Nations does not agree to Israel saying that Jerusalem is the capital of Israel.
Religious significance
Jerusalem has been sacred to Judaism for roughly 3000 years, to Christianity for around 2000 years, and to Islam for approximately 1400 years. The 2000 Statistical Yearbook of Jerusalem lists 1204 synagogues, 158 churches, and 73 mosques within the city. Despite efforts to maintain peaceful religious coexistence, some sites, such as the Temple Mount, have been a continuous source of friction and controversy.
Jewish
According to Jewish tradition, Jerusalem is where God told the patriarch Abraham to sacrifice his son, Isaac, to Him. The Jews built the Temple, the centre of Jewish worship in ancient times, at the site of Abraham's sacrifice on the Temple Mount in the Old City. Two buildings, one after the other, the First Temple and the Second Temple, stood at the site. The First Temple housed the Ark of the Covenant, a sacred box holding the tablets inscribed with the Ten Commandments.
The Western Wall is a part of the Second Temple and Judaism's most sacred shrine. It is a stone wall that strengthened the western side of the Temple Mount in ancient times. The wall is sometimes called the Wailing Wall because of the sad prayers Jewish people said there to mourn the destroyed Temple.
Other sites in the city that are sacred to the Jews include King David's tomb on Mount Zion, and the Jewish Cemetery and the Tombs of the Prophets on the Mount of Olives, a hill just east of the Old City. Many sites associated with Biblical figures are sacred to Christians, too.
Islamic
Jerusalem is Islam's third holiest city, after Mecca and Medina in Saudi Arabia. According to Muslim tradition, Muhammad originally selected Jerusalem as the qibla: the direction Muslims should face during prayer. However, he later told his followers to face Mecca instead of Jerusalem when praying. Muhammad is said to have gone up to heaven from a stone now covered by a golden-domed shrine called the Dome of the Rock. The Dome of the Rock and the ancient Al-Aqsa Mosque are among the holiest sites in Islam. They are the main buildings on the Temple Mount, which Muslims call Haram al-Sharif (Noble Sanctuary).
Jumping spider
Jumping spiders belong to the family Salticidae. These spiders catch their prey by jumping on them.
2021 Tasmanian state election
The 2021 Tasmanian state election was held on 1 May 2021 to elect all 25 members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly. It was conducted by the Tasmanian Electoral Commission (TEC).
The incumbent Liberal government, led by Premier Peter Gutwein, won a third term in government. They were opposed by the Labor Party, led by Rebecca White. It was the first time since the Liberal Party was created in 1945 that a non-Labor government won a third term in office in Tasmania. Gutwein called an early election.
Blockade (1938 movie)
Blockade is a 1938 American war drama movie directed by William Dieterle and starring Henry Fonda, Madeleine Carroll, Leo Carrillo, Vladimir Sokoloff, Reginald Denny. It was nominated for 2 Academy Awards in 1939.
Jumping spider
Species live in many habitats, from leaves lying on the ground, to the tops of trees in the forest, and even way up on Mt. Everest. They are found on every continent in the world except for Antarctica.
Appearance
They are easy to identify because their eye pattern is distinctive. They have eight eyes, two of which are very large, and because their faces form a flat surface, facing where they are going.
Behaviour
They often hunt high up in bushes, or on vertical walls. To save themselves from falling they do something very much like what climbers do to protect themselves in the mountains. Humans tie a rope to the mountain and attach the other end to the harness they wear. Jumping spiders attach silk from their spinnerets to the thing on which they are standing and then they jump. While they are moving through the air they make silk so that there is always a safety rope trailing out behind them.
There are however many variations, and many surprising aspects. For one thing, Salticids do not necessarily follow a straight path in approaching prey. They may follow a circuitous course, sometimes even a course that takes the hunter through places where the prey is not visible. Such complex behaviour is hard to reconcile with an organism that has such a tiny brain. Some spiders in species of Portia can take long detours from one bush down to the ground, then up the stem of another bush to capture a prey item on a particular leaf. Such behaviour is the subject of research. Because they have good vision, jumping spiders can see human beings when they approach. Some jumping spiders may run away from approaching humans, and some do not. But either way a jumping spider will watch a nearby human being. When they do not run away, but do turn to keep watch over a human being, it may seem that they are interested in us. Some of them will even jump from where they are sitting on branches, rocks, etc. onto a person's finger or camera. These spiders only bite to get something to eat or to defend themselves, so if they jump on somebody's hand they will not bite. People might get bitten if they pinch or squeeze a jumping spider.
Physical capabilities
Jumping spiders are able to climb glass and other very smooth surfaces because besides having two claws on each foot they also have sticky hairs (called scopulae) that hold onto the surface. Many tiny ends on each hair are held to the glass by Van der Waals forces, the force that will make two very flat sheets of glass stick tightly together without any glue.
Jumping spiders are able to see very clearly. Two of their eight eyes are very large and are complicated inside. The eyes cannot move, so the spider will often move its body to look at what it wants to see. However, it can also move the retinas of its two main eyes on the inside of the eye, so the center of the eye's picture can be moved. So the jumping spider has binocular vision.
Use of silk
Very few kinds of jumping spider make webs; instead they use their silk for their safety rope and also to make a kind of tent where they sleep at night, shed their skins (molt), lay their eggs, and enjoy a long sleep during winter (hibernate). Their silk comes out of their spinnerets (see diagram).
Mongrando
Mongrando is a comune in the Province of Biella in the Piedmont region in Italy.
Fellatio
Fellatio is oral sex performed on the penis. Fellatio is often called a blow job. The opposite of this is cunnilingus. Cunnilingus is oral sex performed on the vulva. Fellatio can continue until the receiver ejaculates or as part of foreplay, before actual sexual intercourse.
Risks
There is no risk of getting pregnant by performing a fellatio, because there is no connection from the mouth to the womb and the fallopian tubes. There is however a large risk of transmitting diseases if the mouth comes in contact with semen on the penis. If the person drinks alcoholic drinks, it can make this risk higher. HIV can also enter through open sores or bleeding gums.
Sweden, Maine
Sweden is a town in Oxford County, Maine, United States.
Fellatio
Risks
Diseases such as Chlamydia, human papillomavirus (HPV), gonorrhea, herpes, hepatitis (multiple strains), and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), as well as viruses such as HIV, can be transmitted through oral sex. The risk of transmitting HIV through fellatio is unknown, but it is thought to be low. Any kind of direct contact with body fluids of a person infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, poses a risk of infection. The risk from most of these types of infection, however, is generally considered far lower than that associated with vaginal or anal sex.
If the receiving partner has wounds on their genitals, or if the giving partner has wounds or open sores on or in their mouth, or bleeding gums, this poses an increased risk of STD transmission. Flossing or undergoing dental work relatively soon before or after giving fellatio can also increase the risk of transmission, because all of these activities can cause small scratches in the lining of the mouth. These wounds, even when they are microscopic, increase the chances of contracting STDs that can be transmitted orally under these conditions. Such contact can also lead to more mundane infections from common bacteria and viruses found in, around and secreted from the genital regions. Because of this, some medical professionals advise the use of condoms when performing or receiving fellatio with a partner whose STD status is unknown. Flavoured condoms may be used for this purpose. Alternatively there is flavored lube.
Upton, Maine
Upton is a town in Oxford County, Maine, United States.
Tennessee House of Representatives
The Tennessee House of Representatives is the lower house of the Tennessee General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Tennessee.
Fellatio
In culture
Many people accuse someone of performing fellatio as an insult. For example 'cock sucker!' or 'suck my dick'. Many cultures see fellatio as showing control over ones partner, as often the giver is on their knees. In ancient Greece it was called playing the flute. The Moche people of ancient Peru practiced it regularly and made vases showing it.
New Haven, Connecticut
New Haven is the second largest city in Connecticut, after Bridgeport, with a population of 134,023 at the 2020 census. "New Haven" may also refer to the wider Greater New Haven area, which has nearly 600,000 inhabitants in the immediate area. It is in New Haven County, on New Haven Harbor, on the northern shore of Long Island Sound.
Trophic state index
Carlson's Trophic State Index
Carlson's Index is a Trophic State Index. It is used by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The trophic state is the total weight of biomass in a given water body at the time of measurement. The Carlson index uses the algal biomass to classify a lake's trophic status.
Index variables
Three variables are used to work out the Carlson Index: chlorophyll pigments, total phosphorus and Secchi depth. Chlorophyll is the most accurate measure, as it is the best predictor of biomass. Phosphorus may be better in summer. Secchi depth is the least accurate measure, but it is the cheapest and easiest to use. It measures how clear the water is. This shows how much dissolved and particulate material is in the water. This can be used to work out the biomass.
Trophic classifications
A lake can be put into one of three possible classes: oligotrophic, mesotrophic or eutrophic. Lakes with extreme trophic indices can also be called hyperoligotrophic or hypereutrophic. Each trophic class has different types of fish and other organisms which live in them. If there is too much algal biomass in a lake or pond, then many fish can die as the decomposing biomass takes the oxygen from the water.
Oligotrophic
Oligotrophic lakes have very little or no aquatic vegetation and the water is clear. They have low levels of nutrients. The water is suitable as drinking water. The bottom waters of such lakes typically have lots of oxygen; thus, such lakes often support many fish species. Lake trout, for example, need cold, oxygen rich water. The oxygen content is likely to be higher in deep lakes, because of their larger amount of dense cold water.
Oligotrophic lakes are most common in cold areas. They are often on top of a layer of igneous rocks (especially granitic bedrock).
Mesotrophic
Mesotrophic lakes are lakes with a medium level of productivity. They usually have clear water with beds of submerged aquatic plants and medium levels of nutrients.
Eutrophic
Eutrophic lakes have large amounts of organisms, including algal blooms. They have a lot of nutrient and can support a lot of aquatic plants and algae. Usually the water body will be dominated either by aquatic plants or algae. When there are a lot of aquatic plants the water tends to be clear. When there is a lot of algae the water tends to be darker. The process of photosynthesis in the algae supplies oxygen to the fish and plants which live these waters. Sometimes an excessive algae bloom will occur. This can kill fish by using all the oxygen in the water. The process of eutrophication can occur naturally and by human impact on the environment.
Eutrophic comes from the Greek eutrophos meaning well-nourished, from eu meaning good and trephein meaning to nourish
Hypereutrophic
Hypereutrophic lakes are very nutrient-rich lakes with frequent large algal blooms and low transparency. Hypereutrophic lakes have a visibility depth of less than three feet. They also have high levels of chlorophyll and phosphorus. The algal blooms can also reduce oxygen levels which can cause dead zones beneath the surface.
Trophic Index drivers
Both natural and human actions can decide a lake or other water body's Trophic Index. A lake in a nutrient-rich region may be naturally eutrophic. Nutrients carried into water bodies, such as agricultural runoff, residential fertilisers, and sewage will all increase the algal biomass, and can easily cause an oligotrophic lake to become hypereutrophic.
Shane MacGowan
Shane Patrick Lysaght MacGowan (born 25 December 1957) is an Irish-British musician and singer-songwriter. He was best known as the lead singer and songwriter of Celtic punk band the Pogues. He was also a member of the Nipple Erectors and Shane MacGowan and the Popes, as well as producing his own solo material.
In the summer of 2015, MacGowan fell as he was leaving a Dublin studio, fracturing his pelvis. MacGowan has been using a wheelchair since the accident.
People's Republic of Angola
The People's Republic of Angola (República Popular de Angola) was a socialist state which governed Angola from its independence in 1975 until 25 August 1992, during the Angolan Civil War.
Leeds
Leeds is a city in Yorkshire and just under 1 million people live here. Leeds has four universities: University of Leeds, Leeds Metropolitan University, Leeds Trinity University and the University of Law. Leeds is on the River Aire. The city's football team is Leeds United AFC.
History
In Roman times, Leeds was called 'Loidis' which means 'People of the flowing river'.
Leeds grew into a large city, mainly during Victorian times, when many factories were built in the city, making cloth as well as other products. Most of these factories have now closed.
With the building of many of the factories and mills in Leeds, many canals and railways were built in the city as well.
Leeds used to have a tram system, but this was removed in 1959. There have been plans to bring it back. Trolleybuses have also been thought of.
Lemi
Lemi is a municipality in south Finland. There were 3,070 people living there on 31 March 2016. It is next to the municipalities of Luumäki, Savitaipale and Taipalsaari.
Leeds
History
Much of Leeds was rebuilt in the 1960s and 1970s because the old Victorian buildings were mostly run down and unsuitable for modern use. Many new council houses and flats were built around the city.
In the 1970s, the council used the motto 'Motorway City of the 1970s' to try to promote the city. This is because the Leeds Inner Ring Road is a motorway and the M1 motorway, which starts in London, ended in central Leeds.
Today
Today Leeds still has many factories and offices for large companies. The City Centre has attracted many shops, offices, pubs, restaurants and bars. Leeds now has some skyscrapers such as Bridgewater Place. Leeds and Manchester are the most important cities for business in the North of England. Many banks have their offices in Leeds.
Many flats have also been built in the city centre. Leeds has some expensive areas to live like Chapel Allerton, Headingley, Kirkstall, Horsforth, Roundhay and Alwoodley, but it also has some cheap places to live where crime is high like Harehills, Chapeltown, Seacroft and Beeston. There have been riots in Harehills and Chapeltown before.
Tetley's Bitter is made at a brewery in Leeds. This is sold in many pubs and shops in Britain. Tetley's also used to have many pubs in Yorkshire but have sold many, although Tetley's Bitter is still sold there.
ASDA is Britain's second biggest supermarket. It started in Leeds, and it still has its headquarters in the city.
Transport
Leeds has a large railway station in the City Centre as well as many smaller ones in suburbs. It also has an airport called Leeds Bradford International Airport. There are many motorways in and around the city as well. Leeds has a bus station with 26 stands, and more stands for National Express services going to other cities. However, it is too small to cope with internal buses, so they stop at bus stops along the streets. Leeds has an outer ring road and an inner ring road. The inner ring road is a motorway.
Sport
Leeds is famous for its sports, too. It has a Rugby league team called Leeds Rhinos and a Rugby union team called Yorkshire Carnegie. It also has a football team called Leeds United. Yorkshire Cricket play in Leeds too. The fourth test of the 2009 Ashes was hosted at the Headingley Stadium in Leeds.
Council
Leeds City Council are the council for Leeds as well as other nearby towns that are part of the City of Leeds borough such as Wetherby, Otley, Yeadon, Garforth and Rothwell. This is in addition to the City's 32 Parish & Town Councils alongside a significant unparished area.
Media
The Yorkshire Evening Post is the local newspaper for Leeds and is published every evening. BBC Yorkshire, ITV Yorkshire and Leeds Television all have their studios in Leeds. The Yorkshire Television studios are currently in the process of being downsized as ITV looks to reduce costs.
Areas of Leeds
See Also
Neuwied
Neuwied is a German town in Rhineland-Palatinate. It is on the north/west side of the Rhine River, about 10 km northwest from Koblenz. About 70,000 people live there.
Geography
The 86.5 square kilometres of area are divided in the districts of:
Infrastructure
Neuwied is connected to the German network of Bundesstraßen (national routes) (here: B9, B42 and B256). The Autobahnen (motorways) A3, A48 and A61 are quickly reachable from Neuwied. Using the Koblenz main station, all rhine railways and the Intercity network of Germany are available.
Industry
There is a lot of industry in Neuwied, for example the production of building materials, metals and big-sized machines.
Toninho (footballer, born 1965)
Antônio Benedito da Silva (born 23 March 1965) is a former Brazilian football player.
Club career statistics
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Pattensen
Pattensen is twinned with Saint-Aubin-lès-Elbeuf in France.
Deuel County, Nebraska
Deuel County is a county in Nebraska.
West Paris, Maine
West Paris is a town in Oxford County, Maine, United States.
Robert (footballer, born 1981)
Robert de Pinho de Souza (born 27 February 1981) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Palmeiras.
Club career statistics
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Tranemo
Tranemo is an urban area in the county of Västra Götaland in Sweden. It is the seat of Tranemo Municipality.
Dick Williams (magician)
Williams died on 10 July 2020, aged 92.
Villa Nova Atlético Clube
Villa Nova A.C. is a football club which plays in Brazil.
Derwent Water
Derwent Water or Derwentwater is one of the main lakes in the Lake District National Park in north west England. It is in the Borough of Allerdale in the county of Cumbria.
The lake lies immediately south of the town of Keswick. It is both fed and drained by the River Derwent. It is about 3 mi long by 1 mi wide and is some 72 ft deep. There are several islands in the lake, one of which is inhabited. Derwent Island House, an 18th-century residence, is a tenanted National Trust property open to the public on five days each year.
Derwentwater is very scenic. It is surrounded by hills (known locally as fells), and many of the slopes facing Derwentwater are wooded. A regular passenger launch operates on the lake, taking passengers between various landing stages. There are seven lakeside marinas, the most popular stops being: Keswick, Portinscale and the Lodore Falls, from which boats may be hired. Recreational walking is a major tourist activity in the area and there is a network of footpaths in the hills and woods surrounding the lake.
The Keswick—Borrowdale road runs along the eastern shore of the lake and carries a regular bus service. There is a lesser road along the western shore connecting the villages of Grange and Portinscale.
Derwentwater gave its name to the Earldom of Derwentwater.
The lake is believed to be the last remaining native habitat of the vendace (Coregonus vandesius) fish.
Lake District National Park
The Lake District National Park is a National Park in North West England. It includes all of the central Lake District. The town of Kendal, some coastal areas, and the Lakeland Peninsulas are outside the park boundary.
The area was made a national park on 9 May 1951.
It is the most visited national park in the United Kingdom with 16.4 million visitors per year and more than 24 million visitor-days per year.
All the land in England higher than 3000 ft above sea level lies within the National Park, including Scafell Pike, the highest mountain in England.
Next Tasmanian state election
The next Tasmanian state election will be held on or before 28 June 2025 to elect all 35 members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly. It will be conducted by the Tasmanian Electoral Commission (TEC).
The incumbent Liberal government, led by Premier Jeremy Rockliff, will be trying to win a fourth term in government. They will be opposed by the Labor Party, led by Rebecca White.
Artillery of Japan
Artillery in Japan is recorded in the 13th century. It was not used widely before the Sengoku period in the 16th century.
Type 99 155 mm self-propelled howitzer
Type 99 155 mm self-propelled howitzer (99式自走155mm榴弾砲) is a self-propelled howitzer of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JSDF).
Artillery of Japan
History
In the 1840s, the Tokugawa Shogunate began to anticipate that either British or French military might attack Japan. Takashima Shuhan (1798-1866) submitted a petition to the shogun calling for the purchase of Western firearms. In 1841, a demonstration of Western gunnery made a strong impression. Powerful conservative factions in the shogunate resisted change.
Type 99 155 mm self-propelled howitzer
Overview
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. was the primary contractor, developing the main gun and the turret. The vehicle is powered by a diesel engine.
Artillery of Japan
History
During the 1864 Bombardment of Shimonoseki, European naval guns were shown to be superior to Japanese cannon on shore.
Type 99 155 mm self-propelled howitzer
Overview
Type 99s are supplementary to the Type 75 155 mm self-propelled howitzer.
Artillery of Japan
History
Following the Meiji Restoration, Japan would pursue a policy of "Rich country, strong army" (富国強兵), which led to a general rearmament.
Type 99 155 mm self-propelled howitzer
Overview
In a period of planned force reduction, the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF) planning calls for additional Type 99s.
Book of Judges
The Book of Judges is the seventh book in both the Christian Bible (Old Testament), and the Hebrew Tanakh. It was originally written in Hebrew, to the people in Israel. The Hebrew word for the book is Shaptiym, which means, 'people of judgment.'
Content
The book contains the stories of many "judges" who were leaders who typically led the people in battle and then served as a civil leader. While not kings, these men were respected and they sometimes decided cases. That is why they were called Judges. One of the Judges was Samson who was a very strong man. He fought against the Philistines. After his girl friend, Delilah, tricked him by cutting his hair, he was made a slave. At his death, he destroyed many enemies by pulling down a building on them. Gideon was another famous judge. He defeated an army of Midianites with only 300 men. Another famous judge was Deborah, possible the most powerful woman in the Bible. She was a military, civil and religious leader.
In the book, there is a pattern which repeats. The people turn from God, and he allows their enemies to harm them. Then they pray to God. He sends them a new judge. This judge helps the people and defeats their enemies. The people are happy for a time, but soon they again turn from God. The cycle repeats itself.
Artillery of Japan
Imperial Japanese Army
The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) used artillery during the First Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895).
Naval guns and field artillery were important in the Russo-Japanese War of 1905.
Mottalciata
Mottalciata is a comune in the Province of Biella in the Piedmont region in Italy.
Artillery of Japan
Imperial Japanese Army
Before and during World War II, the Japanese Army deployed a variety of artillery pieces.
Imperial Japanese Navy
The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) developed large naval artillery pieces.
Japan Self Defense Force (JSDF)
The self-propelled artillery of the current Japanese military include
Sampaio Corrêa Futebol Clube
Sampaio Corrêa F.C. is a football club which plays in Brazil.
Abdul Ghani Baradar
Abdul Ghani Baradar (born 29 September 1963 or c. 1968) is an Afghan politician who is currently the acting deputy prime minister of Afghanistan. He is also a founder of the Taliban.
Prime Minister of Tajikistan
The prime minister of Tajikistan is the title held by the head of government of Tajikistan. After the president, the prime minister is second most powerful person of the country.
The Proposal (movie)
The Proposal is a romantic comedy movie from 2009. It is about a Canadian executive chief of staff working at a New York City book publishing company. She learns she will be deported due to an expired visa unless the visa matter is taken care of. Sandra Bullock plays the executive. Ryan Reynolds plays her assistant. This movie was released in June 2009. The reviews were mixed to negative. The Proposal took in over $317 million in the box office. It became the highest grossing romantic comedy in 2009.
Úrsula Murayama
Úrsula Murayama (born in Mexico in 1972) is a Mexican actress of Japanese origin who appears in telenovelas (soap operas). Her best known role was that of handmaiden Jacinta in telenovela Esmeralda (1997).
Her possible relative was actor Noé Murayama, who died in 1997. He appeared with Úrsula in Esmeralda.
Folsom, Louisiana
Folsom is a village in St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 716 at the 2010 census. The town is named after the wife of Grover Cleveland, Frances Folsom. It is part of the New Orleans Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Camarines Sur
Camarines Sur (Habagatan na Camarines; Timog Camarines) is a province in the Philippines located in the Bicol Region in Luzon. Its capital is Pili.
Elizabeth Harrower (writer)
Elizabeth Harrower (8 February 1928 – 7 July 2020) was an Australian novelist and short story writer. She was known as "one of the great novelists of Sydney". She was born in Sydney. Her best known works were Down in the City, The Watch Tower and In Certain Circles.
Harrower died on 7 July 2020 in Sydney, aged 92.
Tjuntjuntjara Community
Tjuntjuntjara is a remote Aboriginal community in the southeast of Western Australia. It is located in the Great Victoria Desert, inside the Great Victoria Desert Nature Reserve. It is about 700 km east of Kalgoorlie. The nearest place with more people is the town of Laverton, 460 km. Tjuntjuntjara is connected to Irrunytju in the north by a dirt track.
Emblem of Italy
The emblem of the Italian Republic (emblema della Repubblica Italiana) was formally adopted by the newly formed Italian Republic on 5 May 1948. It is composed by a five-pointed star (white with thin red border), over a cogwheel, between olive tree (left) and oak branches, bounded by a red ribbon with the legend " REPVBBLICA ITALIANA ".
Tjuntjuntjara Community
There are about 160 people living at Tjuntjuntjara. They speak a southern variety of the Pitjantjatjara language. They identify as belonging to a group of people known as pilanguṟu (meaning "from the spinifex plains"). This group of people are among those that were removed from their homelands in the 1950s and 1960s due to nuclear weapons testing at Woomera Test Range. Most of the people now living at Tjuntjuntjara were previously living at Cundeelee, then a Christian mission, further to the west. Other communities of pilanguṟu people include Oak Valley and Yalata, over the border in South Australia.
Tjuntjuntjara was founded in the late 1980s. Cundeelee was being closed, so a group of elders led members back east to their homelands to set up a new community. The first choice for a location was Yakadunya (about 160 km of Tjuntjuntjara). A water bore was drilled and a temporary camp was formed, but there was not enough water in the ground. The community moved northward to what is now Tjuntjuntjara.
Tjuntjuntjara has since grown into a large community. It acts as a service centre for several outstations. These outstations are occupied at certain times of the year for hunting and gathering and ceremonies. The community is governed by a local council. Facilities and services are managed by the Paupiyala Tjarutja Aboriginal Corporation, a non-profit organisation. The community has its own health clinic. The community school, Tjuntjuntjara Remote Community School, was opened in 2008. Both the clinic and the school are helped by the federal government. Mail is flown in by plane once per week. A truck delivers food supplies to the community once every two weeks. There is no police station.