cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
2011 Australian Open
Men's Singles
Nadal was the number one seed and led the field. The other top ten seeds were; sixteen time Grand Slam champion, Roger Federer, 2008 Australian Open winner Novak Djokovic, two time Grand Slam finalists Robin Söderling and Andy Murray, Wimbledon runner up Tomáš Berdych, David Ferrer, 2003 US Open champion Andy Roddick, Fernando Verdasco and Mikhail Youzhny.
The start of the 2011 Australian Open saw all the seeds make it to the second round. But Gulbis, Querrey, who lost in the fifth set 8–6 and Davydenko did not win. Montanes, Fish, Monfils, Baghdatis, Tsonga, Bellucci and Nalbandian won their matches in the final set. The second round saw Michaël Llodra lose to qualifier Milos Raonic, Feliciano López who went out to Wildcard Bernard Tomic, Juan Mónaco lost to Robin Haase, Fish lose to Robredo and Montanes lost to Malisse. While Nalbandian had to retire against Berenkis and Bellucci lost 8–6 in the final set to Hernych. Youzhny, Verdasco, Almagro and Federer all survived final set deciders to progress to the third round. Raonic continued his form from the previous round as he upset Youzhny this time in four sets, the biggest upset to date. While Alexandr Dolgopolov upset Tsonga, coming back two sets to one down. The third round is also where the seeds meet for the first time, so Garcia–Lopez, Baghdatis, Gasquet, Ljubicic and Troicki all exited to higher seeds. Although Stanislas Wawrinka who was the nineteenth seed managed to defeat Gaël Monfils the twelfth seed in straight sets. While Marin Čilić, semifinalist from 2010 defeated John Isner 9–7 in the final set. The fourth round saw Ferrer end Raonic's run, and Dolgopolov edge out Soderling in the final set for the biggest upset in the tournament to date. There were also wins for Berdych, Djokovic, Federer, Murray and Nadal, all except Federer eliminated other seeds. There was one other upset as nineteenth seed Wawrinka beat Roddick in straight sets.
Djokovic, Federer and Murray successfully made their way into the semifinals, however the upset of the tournament happened as Nadal went out. The "Rafa Slam" attempt came to an end on Australia Day in straight sets against Ferrer, a year to the day since Nadal last lost a Grand Slam match. The semifinals witness Djokovic taking out Federer in straight sets while Murray overcame Ferrer the next night in four sets. In the final Djokovic defeated Murray for his second Australian Open crown in straight sets.
🇷🇸 Novak Djokovic def. 🇬🇧 Andy Murray, 6–4, 6–2, 6–3.
Women's Singles
The 2011 women's draw was missing its defending champion Serena Williams who pulled out in late 2010 due to ligament damage. World number one Caroline Wozniacki of Denmark was the number one seed. The Dane headed up the top ten seeds which included Vera Zvonareva, three time US Open champion Kim Clijsters, seven time Grand Slam champion Venus Williams, Samantha Stosur, reigning French Open Champion Francesca Schiavone, Jelena Janković, Victoria Azarenka, Li Na and Shahar Pe'er. Former Grand Slam champions, Justine Henin, Ana Ivanović, Svetlana Kuznetsova and Maria Sharapova were also seeded.
The start of the 2011 Australian Open saw all the seeds apart from Rezaï, Hantuchová, Dulgheru. The biggest upset of the first round was Ivanović losing 10–8 in the final set to Ekaterina Makarova while Schiavone survived after being a set down to win the final set. The biggest loser in the second round was Janković as she lost to Peng in straight sets. The Serb was not the only seed to exit though as Iveta Benešová defeated Maria Kirilenko, Martinez–Sanchez lost to Cornet, Kleybanova, Kanepi, Pironkova, Bartoli and Wickmayer all joined her on the plane home. While Schiavone had to survive another final set decider this time winning it 9–7. The third round saw Kutznetsova defeat Henin, in what turned out to be the Belgium's last ever match as she announced her retirement in the second week of the tournament. Whilst Andrea Petkovic had a virtual bye into round four as Williams retired after just seven points of their match. Makarova caused another upset as she knocked out Nadia Petrova while Benešová defeated Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova in the final set. Other seeds who went out to other seeded players were Cibulková, Peer who lost in the final set. While Petra Kvitová ended home hopes as she disposed of Stosur, while Sharapova had to come from a set down to progress to the next round.
The fourth round witnessed women's tennis history, as the match between Kuznetsova and Schiavone broke records. The match became the longest match, in terms of time for women in a Grand Slam as it lasted for 4 hours, and 44 minutes. At 8–7 in the final set Kutznetsova had three match points, but the Italian saved all three. In the next game Schiavone broke her opponents serve but touched the net after hitting the winner, meaning the point went to Kutznetsova, when holding three break points. Kutznetsova had another three match points in the next game before a run of four games in a row where the serve was broken. Finally after breaking in the previous game and missing three match points Schiavone closed the match out to win 16–14 in the final set. Other fourth round matches saw Sevastova's run end against Wozniacki and Makarova's end against Clijsters, while Petkovic upset Sharapova in straight sets. Other upsets saw the seeded players of Li and Kvitová defeat higher seeded players.
The quarterfinals witnessed Wozniacki put an end to Schiavone's run by winning a final set decider. Into the semifinals with the Dane were Li who defeated Petkovic, Clijsters who defeated Radwańska and Zvonerava who took care of Kvitová. In the first semifinal Li caused an upset, as she saved match point, to defeat the world number one Wozniacki in three sets. Her opponent in the final, Clijsters, won in straight sets against Zvonerava. In the final Clijsters came from a set down to claim her first Australian Open title. It was her fourth grand slam title in her career and second consecutive slam having won the US Open in 2010.
Championship match result
🇧🇪 Kim Clijsters def. 🇨🇳 Li Na, 3–6, 6–3, 6–3.
Men's Doubles
The 2011 men's doubles competition saw the two-time defending champions and four-time champions overall come back to defend the two previous titles in the team of Bob and Mike Bryan, which they were the number one seeded team in the draw. Out of all of the seeded players, the teams that lost in the first round were the teams of 7th seeded Lukáš Dlouhý and Paul Hanley, 9th seeded team of Wesley Moodie and Dick Norman, 11th seeds Robert Lindstedt and Horia Tecău, Nicolás Almagro and Marc López the 15th seeds, Marcelo Melo and Bruno Soares the 16th seeded team. Those teams that lost in the second round of the event are the two teams of Mark Knowles and Michal Mertiňák the 12 seeds, and the 14th seeded Jonathan Erlich and Andy Ram. The only third round exit was by 13th seeded Marcel Granollers and Tommy Robredo. All of the top eight seeds made the quarterfinal or better with the lone exception of the seventh seeded team. Lastly, this event saw four teams exit in the quarterfinal round, which those was the 4th seeded team of Łukasz Kubot and Oliver Marach, Mariusz Fyrstenberg and Marcin Matkowski the 5 seeded team, the 6th seeded and 2010 Wimbledon Champions Jürgen Melzer and Philipp Petzschner, and the 8th seeded team of Michaël Llodra and Nenad Zimonjić.
Thus, only three seeded teams survived to make it to the semifinals, which the lone team to lose during this stage was the second seeded team of Max Mirnyi and Daniel Nestor. This set up a dynamic final of the 1st and 3rd seeded teams respectively in the Bryan Brothers and the Indian duo of Mahesh Bhupathi and Leander Paes, which the Indian team never has won the Australian Open in men's doubles. This would be the third time that they would lose in the final, but albeit in different years.
So, this was the Bryan Brothers' fifth Australian Open title in Men's doubles in the past six years, which this win was the third consecutive title at the event for them having won in 2009 and 2010, and the other two years they won were in 2006 and 2007. This was the Bryan Brothers tenth Men's Doubles Grand Slam title for their careers.
Championship match result
🇺🇸 Bob Bryan / 🇺🇸 Mike Bryan def. 🇮🇳 Mahesh Bhupathi / 🇮🇳 Leander Paes, 6–3, 6–4.
Women's Doubles
The 2011 women's doubles competition was wide open with no team in the field having previously won a grand slam. Argentina's Gisela Dulko and Flavia Pennetta of Italy led the field as the number one seeds, who had won seven titles in 2010 including the WTA championships but they had never been past a Grand Slam semifinal. Second seeds were the French Open finalists Květa Peschke and Katarina Srebotnik, who had already won a tournament in 2011, the ASB Classic. Number three seeds are the US Open finalists Liezel Huber and Nadia Petrova; the number four seeds are the 2009 WTA Champions Nuria Llagostera Vives and María José Martínez Sánchez with Cara Black and Anastasia Rodionova seeded fifth heading the field.
All the seeds made it through the opening round with the exception of Francesca Schiavone and Rennae Stubbs, who lost winning just five games in what is Stubbs' last Australian Open. In round two the biggest casualties were the departure of the number four seeds; Llagostera Vives and Martínez Sánchez in straight sets. In the third round the number six, seven and eighth seeds all crashed out. In the quarterfinals Huber won the battle of the ex-partners as she downed Black's team to set up a semi final with Dulko and Penetta. The other semi was filled by Azarenka and Kirilenko and the number two seeds. In the semis the Number one seeds advanced to the final where after a shock they faced Azerenka and Kilrenko. In the final Dulko and Pennetta came from a set down to win.
Championship match result
🇦🇷 Gisela Dulko / 🇮🇹 Flavia Pennetta def. 🇧🇾 Victoria Azarenka / 🇷🇺 Maria Kirilenko, 2–6, 7–5, 6–1.
Mixed Doubles
All the seeded teams made it through the first round apart from the teams of Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi and Květa Peschke who lost to Rennae Stubbs and Chris Guccione and Moody and Reymond who lost to Horia Tecău and Bethanie Mattek-Sands. The second round witnessed the number one seeds Bryan and Huber withdraw and the defending champions, Paes and Black go out to Paul Hanley and Chan Yung-jan after two tiebreak sets. The quarterfinals saw no upsets as Nestor and Srebotnik, Zimonjic and Kirlienko, Hanley and Chan and Tecau and Mettek–Sands made the semifinals. In the semifinals Nestor and Srebotnik won in straight sets against Zimonjic and Kirilenko. Their opponents in the final were Hanley and Chan after they won a match tiebreak 11–9 against Tecau and Mettek–Sands. The final came down to a match tiebreak which the number two seeds, Nestor and Srebotnik won. It was Nestor's second Australian Open mixed title while for Srebotnik it was her first.
Championship match result
Juniors
Sixty four players competed in the boys and girls singles events, with thirty two teams competing in the boys and girls doubles events. The event is one of nine ITF Grade A junior competitions. Qualifying for the main draw took place between the 20 and 21 January 2011. Sixty four players attempted to qualify for the main draw of the boys and girls singles. There were eight qualifying spots available to join the forty six direct acceptance, two special exemptions and eight wildcards in the main draw. The qualifying event was held at the Pakenham Regional Tennis Centre. The main draws took place between the 23 and 29 January 2011.
Boys' Singles
World number one Jiří Veselý led the field. Other top seeds included World number two Dominic Thiem, Orange Bowl Champion George Morgan and World number five Mate Pavic. In the first round of the tournament Pavic exited in straight sets to Karim Hossam. While fellow seeds Dimitri Bretting, Joris De Loore and Ben Wagland also went out of the tournament. Also in action was Vesley and the 2010 finalist Sean Berman who both won their opening matches. Luke Saville casued the biggest upset in the second round as he outsted World number two Thiem in straight sets while Vesely and Morgan progressed with straight sets wins. The third round saw Morgan and Saville win epics in the final set. The quarterfinals saw Vesely, Morgan Baena and Saville reach the semifinals, where Vesely and Saville reached the final. In the final Vesely claimed his first junior Grand Slam title as he lost just three games against home hope Saville.
Championship match result
🇨🇿 Jiří Veselý def. 🇦🇺 Luke Saville, 6–0, 6–3.
Girls' Singles
The 2011 Australian Open girls field was led by the World number one, US Open and youth Olympic champion, Daria Gavrilova. Joining the Russian leading the field was An-Sophie Mestach, Irina Khromacheva and Mónica Puig. While Orange Bowl champion Lauren Davis who competed in the main draw of the women's singles was the third seed and she was also joined by Caroline Garcia who also appeared in the women's draw. The first round saw all of the seeds bar Natalija Kostic move into the second round. Gavrilova, however was not in the second round as she was dumped out in straight sets by fifteen year old Kanami Tsuji Puig, in the second round got rid of the last of the home contingent losing just two games in the process. Eugénie Bouchard caused the biggest upset of round three when she lost just three games against Davis. Garcia caused an upset in the quarterfinals as she upset the number four seed Khromacheva in straight sets. The semifinals witnessed Mestach drop her first and only set of the tournament when she defeated Garcia whilst Puig saw off Bouchard in straight sets. In the final Mestach defeated Puig in straight sets to win her first junior Grand Slam title.
Championship match result
🇧🇪 An-Sophie Mestach def. Mónica Puig, 6–4, 6–2.
Boys' Doubles
The first round witnessed Dimitri Bretting and Dennis Novak the fifth seeds and seventh seeds Luis Patiño and Filip Peliwo exit at the first hurdle. All the remaining seeds made it to the quarterfinals, where the number one seeds George Morgan and Mate Pavić who exited to the eighth seeds Mitchell Krueger and Karue Sell in a match tiebreak while second seeds Filip Horanský and Jiří Veselý knocked out sixth seeds Dominic Thiem and Matthias Wunner. Horansky and Vesely reached the final after defeating the fourth seeds Joris de Loore and Mate Delić who received a bye in the previous round in straight sets. While third seeds Ben Wagland and Andrew Whittington took care of Krueger and Sell in a match tiebreak. Horansky and Vesely triumphed in straight sets in the final over Wagland and Whttington.
Championship match result
🇸🇰 Filip Horanský / 🇨🇿 Jiří Veselý def. 🇦🇺 Ben Wagland / 🇦🇺 Andrew Whittington, 6–4, 6–4.
Girls' Doubles
Championship match result
🇧🇪 An-Sophie Mestach / Demi Schuurs def. 🇯🇵 Eri Hozumi / 🇯🇵 Miyu Kato, 6–2, 6–3.
Wheelchair tennis
There are six events in the wheelchair tennis discipline; a singles and doubles draw for each of the three categories. The tournament was played between the 26 and 29 January 2011. All events were part of the NEC tour under the Grand Slam category. A total of $63,000 was awarded in prize money across all the events.
Wheelchair Men's Singles
In the opening round World number one Shingo Kunieda defeated Ronald Vink for the loss of just one game. Kunieda would play Robin Ammerlaan in the semifinals after the Dutchman defeated home hope Ben Weekes. In the other half of the draw Stéphane Houdet saw off Maikel Scheffers while Stefan Olsson saw off Houdet's doubles partner Nicolas Peifer. In the semifinals Kunieda and Houdet emerged victorious in the battle for the final. Kunieda defeated Houdet for his twelfth Grand Slam title losing just three games.
Marcus Belgrave
Marcus Belgrave (June 12, 1936 – May 24, 2015) was an American jazz trumpet player. He was born in Chester, Pennsylvania, but raised in Detroit, Michigan. He recorded with a variety of famous musicians, bandleaders, and record labels since the 1950s.
2011 Australian Open
Wheelchair Men's Singles
Championship match result
Marcus Belgrave
Belgrave died on May 24, 2015, in Ann Arbor, Michigan of heart failure, aged 78.
2011 Australian Open
Wheelchair Men's Singles
🇯🇵 Shingo Kunieda def. 🇫🇷 Stéphane Houdet, 6–0, 6–3.
Wheelchair Women's Singles
There were eight entries into the singles competition. On her first appearance in a Grand Slam competition Marjolein Buis won in three sets against Annick Sevenans to reach the semifinals. Also into the semifinals were World number one Esther Vergeer who recorded her four hundred and second consecutive match win with a 6–0, 6–0 win over her doubles partner, Sharon Walraven. Buis then took on World number two and home favourite Daniela di Toro who lost just three games on Australia Day against Aniek van Koot. While Jiske Griffioen would play Vergeer in the semifinals after defeating Grand Slam debuant Jordanne Whiley in straight sets. The semifinals witnessed di Toro and Vergeer make the final with straight sets wins. In the final Vergeer claimed her eighth Australian Open title as she defeated di Toro without losing a game to chalk up her four hundredth and fourth consecutive win.
Esther Vergeer def. 🇦🇺 Daniela di Toro, 6–0, 6–0.
Wheelchair Quad Singles
The tournament was played in a round robin format. Peter Norfolk, the defending champion, opened with a straight sets win over doubles partner Andrew Lapthorne. Whilst World number one David Wagner defeated his doubles partner Nick Taylor for the loss of two games. In the second round of matches Wagner edged Norfolk in a final set decider, whilst Grand Slam debuant Lapthorne recorded his first victory as he won in straight sets against Taylor. The loss for Taylor meant that he was elminated from the event. In the final round robin matches, Norfolk defeated Taylor for the loss of just three games, while Wagner defeated Lapthorne in straight sets. The win for Norfolk and the loss for Lapthorne meant that Norfolk would play Wagner in the final. In the final Wagner defeated Norfolk for the loss of just five games. It was Wagner's first Australian Open singles title.
Championship match result
🇺🇸 David Wagner def. 🇬🇧 Peter Norfolk, 6–2, 6–3.
Wheelchair Men's Doubles
There was four teams competing in this event. Shingo Kunieda and Maikel Scheffers beat Wimbledon champions, Robin Ammerlaan and Stefan Olsson in straight sets. They were joined in the final by the all French pairing of Stéphane Houdet and Nicolas Peifer who defeated Ronald Vink and Ben Weekes. In the final Kunieda and Scheffers came from a break down in the first set to defeat the French pair in straight sets.
Championship match result
Wheelchair Women's Doubles
There were four entries to this competition. Esther Vergeer and Sharon Walraven defeated Daniela di Toro and Jordanne Whiley in straight sets to make the final. The final was turned into an all Dutch affair as Aniek van Koot and Jiske Griffioen joined them after defeating Marjolein Buis and Annick Sevenans in two tiebreaks. In the final Vergeer and Walraven lost just two games as they defeated van Koot and Griffioen to claim their third consecutive Grand Slam title.
Championship match result
Esther Vergeer / Sharon Walraven def. Jiske Griffioen / Aniek van Koot, 6–0, 6–2.
Valendas
Valendas was a municipality of the district Surselva in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2013, the former municipalities of Valendas, Versam, Safien and Tenna merged into the new municipality of Safiental.
2011 Australian Open
Wheelchair Quad Doubles
There was just two entries in the Quad doubles, and they played a straight final to decided the championship. In the one off match history was made as Lapthorne and Norfolk became the first all British pair to win a wheelchair Grand Slam doubles title. It was Lapthorne's first Grand Slam title and Norfolk's first Grand Slam doubles title as the pair defeated the all American pair of Taylor and Wagner in straight sets for their fourth win over them.
Championship match result
🇬🇧 Andrew Lapthorne / 🇬🇧 Peter Norfolk def. 🇺🇸 Nicholas Taylor / 🇺🇸 David Wagner, 6–3, 6–3.
Broadcast
The 2011 Australian Open was broadcast around the world with eleven different broadcasters officially screening the event. Channel 7 was the host broadcaster, with ESPN covering North America with its International franchise covering South and Latin America. Eurosport holds the rights to broadcast the tournament in Europe. In Asia broadcasts were covered by ESPN Star Sports and in Japan by WOWOW and by CN Sports Interactive Media Group in China. In Africa coverage is by SuperSport, and in the middle east by Abu Dhabi TV. Pacific coverage was broadcast by Sky New Zealand in New Zealand and by FIJI TV in Fiji. During the course of the tournament, Tennis Australia and Eurosport, announced that they had extended their partnership for another five years, which extends Eurosports unbroken coverage of the Australian Open to over twenty years. For the first time in the history of the Australian Open, the qualifying competition for the main draw was streamed live on the internet. The qualifying competition was broadcast between 12 and 15 January. The charity event Rally for Relief was also broadcast live on australianopen.com and Australian network channel seven.
During the first week of the tournament, viewing figures in Australia were down for the second year running. 1.36 million people tuned in for the Men's singles final which was lower than the rating which the women's final received according to figures released by OzTAM.
Attendance
2011 introduced a kids tennis day event, which took place on the Saturday before the tournament took place. Around eight thousand people turned up for the event. People entertained themselves through a variety of activities, including watching stringers string racquets and arts and crafts. The highlight of the day for many fans was a chance to watch past and present players. These players included, Pat Cash, Henri Leconte, Peter Luczak, Alicia Molik and Anastasia Rodionova.
A total of 651,127 people attended the tournament throughout the two weeks. This was lower than the attendance in 2010, although daily records were set. 51,276 people filled Melbourne Park, which was a record for the middle Saturday. The day was also the biggest crowd ever at the Australian Open for a day session. A further 25,845 attended the evening session which brought the total number of people for the day to 77,121 which was again record breaking. As it was the largest amount of spectators to have attended on one day.
Camphin-en-Pévèle
Camphin-en-Pévèle is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 2,499 people lived there.
Pathanapuram
Pathanapuram is a town in Kollam district, Kerala, India. It is in Pathanapuram taluka, of which it is also the headquarters.
Geography
Pathanapuram is spread over an area of 24.20 km2.
Demographics
census of India, Pathanapuram Panchayat had a population of 32,339.
Transport
The area is connected to the rest of the state by bus services of KSRTC. The nearest railway stations to the town are Chengannur, Kollam, Kayamkulam, Punalur and Avaneeswaram. KSRTC sub depot also in Pathanapuram near Forest Range Office. Nearest airport is Trivandrum (80 km).
Politics
Pathanapuram assembly constituency is a part of the Mavelikkara Loksabha Constituency. Kodikunnil Suresh is the present member of parliament who won the 2014 Indian general election. Pathanapuram is also the home constituency of actor turned politician K. B. Ganesh Kumar. He is the current M. L. A. from Pathanapuram.
Education
Educational institutions in Pathanapuram include:
Ba'ath Party
The meaning of Ba'ath
The word Ba’ath is an Arabic word which means ‘resurrection and renaissance’. The name refers to the main intention of the party which is ‘Arab unity and freedom from non-Arab control and domination’.
By who and when was the Ba'tah Party established?
The Ba’ath Party was established by two individuals who were ambitious about their political vision which was an ideological mixture of Arab nationalism, Arab socialism, and anti-imperialism. Michel Aflaq (1910-1989) a Christian and Salah al-Din al-Bitar (1912-1980) a Sunni Muslim are the founders of this party. By 1945, the Baathists decided to register their party to become an official party, but their application was rejected by the government. This big move was blocked by the French mandate which administrated Syria.
After the attack of 1956 in Egypt by Britain, France and Israel, Iraqis realized how cruel these invaders are and that they no longer can’t stay on the side of the British. This bitter awareness was a seed to the Iraqi revolution by the youngsters. Hafaz al-Assad (1930-2000) was the ruler of the Ba’ath Party in Syria and Saddam Hussein (1937-2006) was the ruler of the Ba’ath Party in Iraq.
Where was the Ba'ath established?
The Ba’ath Party started its activities in Syria and Iraq after military coups in 1963. Although there were some internal struggles in 1966, the party was divided into several branches in Iraq and Syria. The theme ‘unity’ became an inspiration for countries such as Lebanon, Jordan and other Arab countries in 1948-1951. The connection for Arab nationalism became attractive and popular and Baatism spread out all over the Arab region.
The rise of the Ba'ath part
As the name suggests, the Ba’ath party wanted to create unity among Arabs. Beside this main goal, Ba’ath Party added socialism which became a socialist party. The ideology of socialism for the Ba’ath Party was an interpretation of social justice for the poor and underprivileged. The slogan: ‘Unity, Freedom, Socialism’ and ‘One Arab Nation with an Immortal Mission’. The Ba’ath Party was the first Arab political party with pan-Arabist goals. Pan-Arabism is a theory that Arab people and nations should be united, or a movement to achieve such unity.
The main goals of Pan-Arabism are that every Arab seeks independence from imperialism and thus create unity within the Arab community. Since there were common problems related to Western imperialism, the Arabs could come to a compromise to work on this. This intrinsic motivation gave rise to pan-Arabism.
Where was the Ba'ath Party active?
The Ba’ath Party started its activities in Syria and Iraq after military coups in 1963. Although there were some struggles in 1966, the party was divided into several groups in Iraq and Syria.
Irina Bilyk
Irina Bilyk born 6 April 1970 is a Ukrainian singer. People's Artist of Ukraine (2008).
Nikolai Tsymbal
Nikolai Andreyevich Tsymbal (Николай Андреевич Цымбал; 20 January 1925 – 15 January 2020) was an officer of the Soviet Armed Forces. He worked in the force's political branch and reached the rank of General-Lieutenant of Aviation. He was deputy head of the Gagarin Air Force Academy. He was awarded the Order of the Red Banner, the Order of the Red Banner of Labour, and the Order of Friendship.
John M. Murphy
John Michael Murphy (August 3, 1926 – May 25, 2015) was an American politician. He was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York serving from 1963 through 1981.
Murphy died the age of 88 on May 25, 2015, at a Staten Island hospital.
Royal Society (disambiguation)
The Royal Society may mean:
Royal Society may also refer to :
Murray Bookchin
Murray Bookchin (January 14, 1921 – July 30, 2006) was an American libertarian socialist, political and social philosopher, speaker and writer. For much of his life he called himself an anarchist, although as early as 1995 he privately renounced his identification with the anarchist movement. A pioneer in the ecology movement, Bookchin was the founder of the social ecology movement within libertarian socialist and ecological thought. He was the author of two dozen books on politics, philosophy, history, and urban affairs as well as ecology.
Bookchin was a radical anti-capitalist and always favored the decentralisation of society. His writings on libertarian municipalism, a theory of face-to-face, grassroots democracy, had an influence on the Green Movement and anti-capitalist direct action groups such as Reclaim the Streets. His criticisms of "new age" Greens such as Charlene Spretnak contributed to the divisions in the American Green movement in the 1990s.
Bookchin has influenced the thinking of captured Kurdish militant Abdullah Öcalan, who has renounced violence and now wants a peaceful solution to the question of Kurdish autonomy.
Libertarian municipalism
Bookchin was the first to use the term "Libertarian municipalism", to describe a system in which libertarian institutions of directly democratic assemblies would oppose and replace the State with a confederation of free municipalities. Libertarian municipalism intends to create a situation in which the two powers—the municipal confederations and the nation-state—cannot coexist.
Cosmin Contra
Cosmin Contra (born 15 December 1975) is a Romanian football player. He plays for Timişoara and Romania national team.
Club career statistics
166||9 188||9 29||3 5||0 388||21
International career statistics
!Total||72||7
Folderly
Folderly is an AI-based email platform. The platform tackle poor email deliverability and ending up in spam folders. The company is headquartered in Delaware, USA.
History
Folderly was founded in 2019. In 2020, Folderly introduced a product to the market. Within 9 months, they made $1.5 million, and within 18 months, they made $3 million in revenue.
Maggie Simpson
Margaret "Maggie" Simpson is a fictional character shown in the animated television series The Simpsons. She is a baby.
Character
Like most babies, Maggie copies what she sees around her. She once hit Homer on the head with a mallet, shot a suction dart at his picture and attacked him with a pencil in imitation of Itchy and Scratchy. Maggie is also very accurate with a gun, she shot Mr. Burns in "Who Shot Mr. Burns".
Characteristics
During the early episodes, Maggie's well-known feature would be to trip over her clothes and fall on her face causing a loud smack on the floor. Throughout the early episodes, Maggie fell down 39 times.
Creation
Maggie was named after Matt Groening's sister Maggie Groening. She often sucked on a pacifier and wore a sleep suit like Maggie. Groening thought that it would be funny to have a baby character that did not talk and never grew up, but showed any emotions that the scene needed.
Voice
With few exceptions, Maggie never speaks but is aware of what is going around her. Maggie has spoken in "Good Night", the first cartoon to air on The Tracey Ullman Show. When the rest of the family falls asleep, she speaks and her voice is played by Liz Georges.
Maggie's first word spoken in the normal television show of the series happened in "Lisa's First Word", when she was voiced by Elizabeth Taylor and says, "Daddy" in an empty room. Elizabeth Taylor as Maggie was later named the 13th greatest guest spot in the history of the show. James Earl Jones, who voiced Maggie in "Treehouse of Horror V" was in seventh place. She would later have small sentences in "Treehouse of Horror IX", voiced by Harry Shearer, who used his Kang voice. Her squeaks and occasional speaking parts are regularly done by Nancy Cartwright or Yeardley Smith. Jodie Foster voiced the Howard Roark-inspired Maggie in the Season 20 episode "Four Great Women and a Manicure".
Frank Langella
Frank A. Langella, Jr. (born January 1, 1938) is an American stage and movie actor. He won a Tony Award for Best Leading Actor in a Play for his role as Richard Nixon in the play Frost/Nixon (2006), and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role for the same role in the 2008 movie adaptation. He often plays villains and unsympathetic characters, but he has also played sympathetic characters.
Langella is also known for his other movie appearances, including Dave, Superman Returns, Masters of the Universe, The Caller, The Beast, House of D, The Box, Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps, Unknown and Robot & Frank.
Langella was born in Bayonne, New Jersey. He attended Syracuse University. He married Ruth Weil from 1977 to 1996. They have two children, Frank III and Sarah. He was partners with Whoopi Goldberg from 1996 to 2001.
Doner kebab
Doner kebab (also spelled döner kebab) (, ; döner or döner kebap ) is a type of kebab. A Doner can be made from bread, salad, lamb, chicken or beef. It is cooked on a vertical rotisserie then thinly sliced. When bought from kebab shops it usually comes with salad or french fries.
Restaurants in Germany offer hot chili sauce and garlic yoghurt-style sauce. Barbecue sauce, burger sauce, lemon juice, or a mint sauce similar to raita are also popular.
Doners are often eaten as take-away food on the way home after a night out. There are several common ways in which doner kebabs are served.
It is a very popular German fast food. The Döner was introduced to the Germans in the 1970s.
Songwriter
A songwriter is a writer who creates songs. A songwriter generally writes songs for popular music, rather than art songs or classical music. Many songwriters are also singers, and perform the songs they write - they are called singer-songwriters. Other songwriters have their songs performed by other singers.
History
The history of writing songs is thousands of years old. Scholars believe that men and women may have created and sung songs even at the time of prehistory. Many modern bands have one or two members who write songs for the band. Others have more members contribute songs, or give the whole band credit for writing. Others perform songs by outside writers.
Jack Soo
Jack Soo (October 28, 1917 – January 11, 1979) was an American singer and actor. He was best known for his role as Detective Nick Yemana on the television sitcom Barney Miller. He was born on a ship traveling from Japan to the United States. His career began in 1958.
Soo died on January 11, 1979 at the UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles from esophageal cancer, aged 61.
Ofterschwang
Ofterschwang is a municipality in Oberallgäu, in Bavaria, Germany. It is a winter sports venue. It is often used for Alpine skiing World Cup events. It is found west of Sonthofen, but east of the Austrian border. Between 1988 and 2008 Ofterschwang grew by 577 people. Ofterschwang was awarded the ADAC Tourism Prize by ADAC in 2010.
Dilemma
A dilemma (Greek δί-λημμα "double proposition") is when two solutions or possibilities are present. If both solutions are undesirable or impossible, this may put a person on the horns of a dilemma, neither outcome is comfortable.
The dilemma is sometimes put as a choice "you must accept either A, or B". Here A and B are each leading to some undesirable conclusion.
In formal logic, the definition of a dilemma differs from everyday usage. Two options are still present, but choosing between them is immaterial because they both imply the same conclusion. Symbolically expressed thus:
This can be translated informally as "one (or both) of A or B is known to be true, but they both imply C, so regardless of the truth values of A and B we can conclude C."
Horned dilemmas can present more than two choices. The number of choices of horned dilemmas can be used in their alternative names, such as two-pronged (two-horned) or dilemma proper, or three-pronged (three-horned) or trilemma, and so on.
Constructive dilemmas
Destructive dilemmas
Responses to a dilemma
In Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance, Robert Pirsig outlines possible responses to a dilemma. The classical responses are to either choose one of the two horns and refute the other or alternatively to refute both horns by showing that there are additional choices. Pirsig then mentions three illogical or rhetorical responses. One can "throw sand in the bull's eyes" by, for example, questioning the competence of the questioner. One can "sing the bull to sleep" by, for example, stating that the answer to the question is beyond one's own humble powers and asking the questioner for help. Finally one can "refuse to enter the arena" by, for example, stating that the question is unanswerable.
Human rights in Ethiopia
Ethiopia has a long history of social conservatism and same-sex activity is considered a minor phenomenon. In addition to that, there is no clear evidence of same-sex activity in the past until 2008, ensued by rapidly but rare appearance of LGBT scenes through urban areas of Addis Ababa.
LGBT rights in Kenya
Homosexual acts are illegal in Kenya and punishable by up to 14 years in prison. Although the state often turns a blind eye to prosecute gay people.
Data
According to a 2013 survey by the Pew Research Center, 90% of Kenyans believe that homosexuality should not be accepted by society.
Statements
While addressing a joint press conference with President Barack Obama in 2015, President Kenyatta declined to assure Kenya's commitment to gay rights. He said that "the issue of gay rights is really a non-issue... But there are some things that we must admit we don't share. Our culture, our societies don't accept."
Pat Brown
Edmund Gerald "Pat" Brown, Sr. (April 21, 1905 – February 16, 1996) was an American politician. Brown served as the 32nd Governor of California from 1959 to 1967. He is the father of the 34th and 39th Governor of California, Jerry Brown. He was succeeded by Ronald Reagan as Governor, but Reagan was soon succeeded by Brown's son Jerry. Brown ran for President of the United States three times; in 1976, 1980 and in 1992.
Human rights in South Sudan
Human rights in South Sudan are a long term issue. It is part of the country's violent history.
Time in Egypt
Egypt observes Eastern European Time (UTC+2) all year round, the same time as neighboring Libya. On April 29, 2016, Egypt announced it was going to re-introduce daylight saving time (DST) on July 7 at 00:00 (UTC+02:00), but on July 4, 2016, the Egyptian government announced that DST will not be observed in 2016.
Daylight saving time
Egypt first observed DST in 1940, but ended in 1945. DST was re-introduced in 1957, and the country continued to observe it until 2010.
Egypt formally observed daylight saving time from the last Friday of April until the first Friday of October. However, because of Ramadan, the dates varied, in 2006, it ended on September 22, in 2007 on September 7, and in 2008 on August 29. In 2010, Ramadan was completely changed to inside "summer".
On April 20, 2011, Egypt stopped observed summer time. EET was then used all year, with no summer time change.
In May 2014, daylight saving time was re-introduced in the country. DST started on Friday, May 16, with the period stopped during Ramadan, and then ended on Friday, September 26, but was abolished in 2015. In April 2016, it was announced DST will start on Friday, July 8, and end on Friday, October 28, but it was cancelled by the Egyptian government on July 4, 2016.
Diana's Peak
Diana's Peak is the highest point on the island of Saint Helena. It is 823 m high. It is of volcanic origin.
It was made a national park in March 1996, the first on the island. It is covered by many tree ferns.
The peak is at the point where three districts meet: Sandy Bay (southwest), Levelwood (east) and Longwood (north). The nearest settlements are Bamboo Hedge (the main settlement of Sandy Bay District), Hutt's Gate (in Longwood District) and Levelwood Village. Diana's Peak is part of the Peaks Ridge, a narrow and short mountain range in the centre of the island. Other peaks there are Mt. Actaeon and Cuckold's Point.
Yankee
The term "Yankee" (sometimes shortened to "Yank") have many different meanings. All refer to people from the United States. Outside the United States, "Yank" is used to refer to any American, including Southerners. Within the Southern United States, "Yankee" is a name which refers to all Northerners, or specifically to those from the region of New England, often in a mean way. The Oxford English Dictionary says that it is "a nickname for a person from New England, or, more widely, of the northern States generally." During the American Civil War, it was "used by the Confederates to the soldiers of the Federal army".
Elsewhere in the United States, it often refers to people from the Northeastern states, but especially those with New England cultural ties. This would include people who have colonial New England settler ancestors, wherever they live.
Mithankot
Mithankot (Urdu: مِٹهن كوٹ) is a city in southern Punjab, Pakistan. Mithankot is located on the right (west) bank of the Indus River, only a short distance downstream from its junction with Panjnad River.
Hamilton County, Indiana
Hamilton County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2010 census, the county's population was 274,569. The county seat is Noblesville.
ActiveCampaign
History
The company was founded in 2003.
As of 2021, they have over 145,000 clients in 170 countries and $165 million in recurring revenue. They raised $100 million in 2020 and $240 million in 2021. ActiveCampaign acquired Postmark, a transactional email delivery system, in May 2022. They have offices in Chicago, Indianapolis, Sydney, Dublin, and Florianópolis.
Guardabosone
Guardabosone is a comune in the Province of Vercelli in the Italian region of Piedmont.
The Restoration
Charles II came back to England after his exile and he became king of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Before this, the British Isles's monarchy had stopped after Charles I's execution. The three kingdoms became a republic, without a monarchy: the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
Literature and culture of the Restoration period can also have the name "Restoration". (For example, Restoration drama is the theatre and plays of the Restoration period.)
Abigail Breslin
Abigail Kathleen Breslin (born April 14, 1996) is an American actress. Breslin was born in New York City, New York. She first appeared in the 2002 science fiction movie, Signs. Breslin had her breakthrough role in the 2006 comedy-drama Little Miss Sunshine where she played Olive Hoover. At age 10, she was one of the youngest people to be nominated for an Academy Award.
Dominic Blampied
Dominic Blampied was born 10 July, 1996. He is a Jersey cricketer who has played 31 Twenty20 Internationals to date after debuting in May 2019 and made his One-day international debut in 2023.
Pat Suzuki
Pat Suzuki (鈴木千代子; born Chiyoko Suzuki; September 22, 1930) is an American pop singer and actress. She is best known for her role in the original Broadway production of the musical Flower Drum Song and for singing "I Enjoy Being a Girl". Suzuki was born in Cressey, California.
Declaration
Declaration can mean:
Raúl Padilla
Raúl "Chato" Padilla Mendoza (June 17, 1918 – February 3, 1994) was a Mexican actor. He was known for his role as Jaimito, el Cartero ("Jaimito, the Mailman") in El Chavo del Ocho.
Padilla died in Mexico City, Mexico from a heart attack, aged 75.
Digraphia
Digraphia means the use of more than one writing system for the same language.
The standard examples are Hindustani and Turkish. With Hindustani there is at the same time an Urdu version written in the Urdu script, and a Hindi version written in Devanagari.
Japanese can use kanji, which is based on logograms, or hiragana or katakana, which are syllabic. The Romanization of Japanese also exists.
Moldovan is written in the Roman alphabet because it is almost the same as Romanian. But in parts of Moldovia, the Cyrillic script is used instead. The written languages are identical but use different scripts.
Versam
Versam was a municipality of the district of Surselva in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2013, the former municipalities of Versam, Valendas, Safien and Tenna merged into the new municipality of Safiental.
Margaret Cho
Margaret Cho (born Moran Cho on 5 December 1968) is an American comedian and actress. She was born in San Francisco, California. She is bisexual and liberal.
Sanders County, Montana
Sanders County is a county in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 11,413 people. Its county seat is Thompson Falls. It was created in 1905.
Les Johnson
Leslie Royston "Les" Johnson AM (2 November 1924 - 26 May 2015) was a former Australian politician and minister. He served as a member of the Australian Parliament representing Hughes serving from 1955 through 1966 and again from 1969 through 1983.
Nickel(II) oxide
Nickel(II) oxide, also known as nickelous oxide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is NiO. It contains nickel in its +2 oxidation state. It also contains oxide ions.
Properties
Nickel(II) oxide is a light green solid. It does not dissolve in water. Sometimes it is gray because all of the nickel is not in the +2 oxidation state. It reacts with acids to make nickel(II) salts. For example, it reacts with hydrochloric acid to make nickel(II) chloride. It does not react with bases easily.
Preparation
Nickel(II) oxide can be made by heating nickel powder in air at 400 C. This normally makes a black nickel oxide. It also can be made by reacting nickel with water at 1000 C. The simplest way to make it is to heat nickel(II) hydroxide, nickel(II) carbonate, or nickel(II) nitrate.
Safety
Nickel(II) oxide can irritate skin and make problems when breathed in.
Pin
A pin is an object used to attach something to a surface. It is usually metal or plastic. Pins are usually sharp and are cheap to buy.
Valery Bolotov
Valery Dmitrievitch Bolotov (Валерий Дмитриевич Болотов, Вале́рій Дми́трович Бо́лотов; 13 February 1970 – 27 January 2017) was a Ukrainian pro-Russian militant leader. He was known for his actions in the Donbass War in eastern Ukraine. He served as the leader of the unrecognised state Lugansk People's Republic from May to August 2014. He was born in Taganrog, Rostov Oblast.
Bolotov died on 27 January 2017 in Moscow Oblast at the age of 46.