cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Critical race theory
Latino critical race theory
First, CRT says society keeps white supremacy and racial power in place; they do not stay there on their own. The law is a big part of keeping them where they are. Some racial groups do not have the voice to speak in this civil society. Because of this, CRT introduced a new form of expression, called the voice of color. The voice of color is narratives and storytelling monologues used as devices for conveying personal racial experiences. These are also used to counter metanarratives that continue to maintain racial inequality. In this way, the experiences of the oppressed are important parts of developing a LatCRT analytical approach.
Second, LatCRT investigates the possibility of transforming the relationship between law enforcement and racial power and working for racial emancipation and an end to some groups being pushed around. LatCRT is different from general critical race theory in that it talks more about immigration theory and policy, language rights, and the way people are discriminated against for having accents or ancestors from other countries. CRT finds the experiential knowledge of people of color and works with their lived experience using data. LatCRT shows its research using many kinds of stories.
Asian critical race theory
Asian critical race theory looks at the way race and racism affect Asian Americans and their experiences in the U.S. education system. Like Latino critical race theory, Asian critical race theory is distinct from the main body of CRT in its emphasis on immigration theory and policy.
Adriano Gerlin
Adriano Gerlin da Silva (born 20 September 1974) is a former Brazilian football player.
The Theory of Everything (2014 movie)
The Theory of Everything is a 2014 British biographical romantic drama movie directed by James Marsh. It is about the life of the theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking.
The movie was based on Jane Hawking's memoir Travelling to Infinity: My Life with Stephen. The movie's score was composed by Jóhann Jóhannsson.
The movie stars Eddie Redmayne, Felicity Jones, Charlie Cox, Emily Watson, Simon McBurney, Christian McKay, Harry Lloyd, and David Thewlis. The movie was released on 7 September 2014 at the Toronto International Film Festival and released in the United Kingdom on 1 January 2015 to strong positive reviews.
Loss aversion
Loss aversion is a concept in psychology. It is to prefer avoiding losses to acquiring equivalent gains. The principle is prominent in economics.
The principle of loss aversion was first proposed by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky in 1979. Loss aversion happens when people face the same amount of gains and losses and find the loss is more unbearable. In other words, the pain of loss is greater than the pleasure of equal gain. In some experiments, it shows females have a higher level of loss aversion than males.
Affective Science and Neural basis
The cause of loss aversion lies in people's asymmetric emotional response to gain and loss. Studies show that this asymmetry is particularly strong during the anticipation processing and the immediate experience after presenting the outcome. One study of income and well-being indicates that when people make loss-averse choices, it is not directly due to the loss itself but because the impact brings a series of negative consequences that follow the loss. A classic example presented in the book "Thinking, Fast and Slow" of a flipping coin implies that people will first compare the satisfaction of gaining with the pain of losing before making a decision. Thus, most people would not choose to participate in coin gambling with 50% to get $150 and 50% to lose $100; and according to the "loss aversion ratio," the minimum amount to fulfil the pain of losing $100 will be $200 (assume the coefficient is 2).
In 2001, J. O' Doherty and his colleagues had found that humans process losses and gains in qualitatively different ways by using brain imaging technology and suggests the correlation between the magnitude of brain activation and the extent of reward and losses received. When we are evaluating potential gains, the areas of the brain that process value and reward become more active than it does when assessing the potential losses. The different loss aversion levels differ from individuals by the degrees of sensitivity to losses and gains, in which people are more loss-averse with stronger sensitivity.
Equity premium puzzle
Equity premium puzzle(EPP) refers to the problem of why there is a big difference between returns in stocks and risk-free investments historically. Since stocks are much riskier than government bonds, the underinvestment in stocks relative to bonds supports the idea of loss aversion theory. Specifically, it's the myopic loss aversion introduced by Shlomo Benartzi and Richard Thaler, which indicates the behavioural characteristics of "loss aversion" and "frequent evaluations" of investors. Benartzi and Thaler argue that loss-averse investors are more willing to take risks if they do not evaluate the performance of their investments frequently. In their model, investors are unwilling to accept return variability and tend to take a short-term view of their wealth.
Demand elasticity
Demand is more elastic for price increases than price decreases, based on the assumption that the price increase is a loss while the price decrease is a gain for consumers.
Prospect theory
Based on the principle of loss aversion, Daniel Kahneman and Amos Twersky developed prospect theory to explain how consumers make decisions in uncertain situations. Unlike the hypothesis of rational man use in economics, prospect theory reveals the irrational psychological factors that affect the choice behaviour. Most people are unwilling to take risks when facing gains but become risk-seeking in losses.
=== Endowment effect === Loss aversion theory explains the endowment effect. The endowment effect refers to the finding that once an individual owns a good, he/she tends to naturally place more value than he did before he didn't own it. Due to the asymmetric responses to losses and gains in the decision-making process, the consideration of "loss avoidance" is far greater than that of "gain seeking," so people value more on a good they own.
Real world applications: Marketing Strategy
By using the loss aversion theory as a marketing strategy, firms are able to gain higher profits by changing consumers' behaviours. For example:
Little Havana
Little Havana (La Pequeña Habana) is a section of Miami, Florida, where many Cuban immigrants and refugees have settled. The high number of Cuban refugees Florida receives is due to its proximity to Cuba. It is called Little Havana because Cuba's capital is Havana. There is also a smaller Little Havana in Tampa, Florida.
Class Action
Class Action is a 1991 melodramatic thriller movie. The movie is about a lawsuit related to injuries caused by a defective car. Laurence Fishburne plays Nick. Gene Hackman plays Jedediah Tucker Ward. Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio plays Maggie.
Little Havana
In recent years, increasing numbers of Honduran, Nicaraguan, and Guatemalan immigrants have moved into the neighborhood. At the same time, increasing numbers of Cubans left the area for the suburbs in western Miami. Part of Little Havana is now called Little Managua named after the Nicaraguan capital.
Calle Ocho Festival
The Calle Ocho Festival is held in Little Havana.
Class Action
The movie received mostly positive review. It was a moderate box office success.
Breukelen
Breukelen is a former municipality in the Dutch province of Utrecht. Since 2011, it has been part of the new municipality of Stichtse Vecht.
Wintrust Arena
Wintrust Arena at McCormick Square, also known as DePaul Arena or McCormick Place Events Center, is a 10,387-seat sports venue in Chicago's Near South Side community area that opened in 2017.
Rosids
The rosids are a large clade of flowering plants. It includes about 70,000 species, more than a quarter of all angiosperms.
The rosids are divided into 17 orders. These orders together make up about 140 families. The rosids and the asterids are by far the largest clades in the eudicots.
Rosids are very basic flowering plants. Fossil rosids are known from the Cretaceous period. Molecular clock estimates indicate that the rosids originated in the Aptian or Albian stages of the Cretaceous, between 125 and 99.6 million years ago (mya).
Three different definitions of the rosids are in use. Some authors include the order Saxifragales in the rosids. Others exclude it.
Union Gap, Washington
Union Gap is a city in the state of Washington.
Grenoble Alpes University
The Université Grenoble-Alpes (UGA) is a public university in Grenoble, France. The university has six research departments. Called a mega-university, their goal is to reach the same level of excellence as MIT, Oxford, Cambridge and Harvard Universities. It is a center for scientific and technological research. PSL students, graduates, and faculty members are famous for being given many awards. The university has been started in 1339.
Tuchan
Tuchan is a commune of 786 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France.
Princess Eugenie
Princess Eugenie, Mrs Jack Brooksbank (Eugenie Victoria Helena; born 23 March 1990), is a member of the British royal family. She is the younger daughter of Prince Andrew, Duke of York, and Sarah, Duchess of York. She is a granddaughter of Queen Elizabeth II. Since July 2021, Eugenie has been eleventh in the line of succession to the British throne.
Early life
Princess Eugenie was born at Portland Hospital in London, She is second child of Prince Andrew, Duke of York and Sarah, Duchess of York, She has one sister Princess Beatrice, She baptised at St Mary Magdalene Church, Sandringham
Personal life
Princess Eugenie married Jack Brooksbank on 12 October 2018 at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, First child August Brooksbank was born in 9 February 2021 at Portland Hospital. She gave birth to a second son, Ernest George Ronnie Brooksbank, on 30 May 2023 at Portland Maternity Hospital in Westminster
Title
Cavalera Conspiracy
Cavalera Conspiracy is an American metal band formed in 2007.
Ehingen am Ries
Ehingen am Ries is a municipality in the district of Donau-Ries in Bavaria in Germany. The mayor is currently Paul Fackler.
Princess Eugenie
Personal life
23 March 1990-12 October 2018 Her Royal Highness Princess Eugenie Victoria Helena of York
12 October 2018: Her Royal Highness Princess Eugenie Victoria Helena; Mrs. Jack Brooksbank
Christian Mayrleb
Christian Mayrleb (born 8 June 1972) is an Austrian retired professional footballer. He played as striker for different clubs. He also played for the Austrian football national team. After his professional career he became football manager.
Club career
Mayrleb started his professional career at Second Division side FC Stahl Linz and SV Ried .Then he moved to the Austrian Bundesliga club Admira/Wacker in 1994. He then played for FC Tirol Innsbruck and Premier League club Sheffield Wednesday. He returned to Austria after half a season on the bench.
After four years with Austria Vienna he played for SV Pasching, Red Bull Salzburg and ended his career in Linz again with LASK Linz.
In November 2006 Mayrleb failed a drug test but was cleared by a League disciplinary panel because no evidence was found he was taking performance-enhancing drugs.
Honours
Individual
Small intestine cancer
In oncology, small intestine cancer, also small bowel cancer and cancer of the small bowel, is a cancer of the small intestine. It is rare compared to other gastrointestinal cancers such as stomach cancer and colorectal cancer.
Small intestine cancer can be subdivided into duodenal cancer (the first part of the small intestine) and cancer of the jejunum and ileum (the later two parts of the small intestine).
Duodenal cancer has more in common with stomach cancer, while cancer of the jejunum and ileum have more in common with colorectal cancer. The Five year survival rates are 65%.
Healthcare in Singapore
Healthcare in Singapore is managed by the Ministry of Health of the Government of Singapore. The government pays for a universal healthcare system. There are also private health organisations.
All working people must put part of their money into Medisave accounts. They use this to pay their family's medical bills. Medisave is part of the Central Provident Fund which is an insurance organisation run by the government.
The healthcare system is thought to be one of the best in the world. There are three healthcare groups or "clusters":
In 2019 there were 14,297 doctor s, 42,777 nurse s and 2,475 dentist s for about 5 million people. There 8 general hospitals and 2 specialist hospitals. Ambulances are run by the Singapore Civil Defence Force.
General practice is moving into a list system. People will have a doctor who knows them. This should help people to stay healthy. It gives better care for people with medical condition s which they have to live with. Community health team s are built up to support growing numbers of old people.
Renswoude
Renswoude is a municipality in the Dutch province of Utrecht. In 2019, 5,259 people lived there.
I Love You, Life!
I Love You, Life! (Люблю тебя, жизнь!) is a 1960 Soviet drama movie directed by Mikhail Yershov. It stars Gennadi Vernov, Ariadna Shengelaia, and Irina Bunina.
Jodo
Jōdō (杖道:じょうどう?) or jōjutsu (杖術:じょうじゅつ) is a Japanese martial art.
Jōdō uses a short staff called a jō. The jō is a short staff, usually about 3 to 5 feet (0.9 to 1.5 m) long. Jōdō is strongly focused upon defense against the Japanese sword.
The art is similar to bōjutsu.
Forheim
Forheim is a municipality in the district of Donau-Ries in Bavaria in Germany. The mayor is currently Werner Thum.
Lascivious behavior
Lascivious behavior, better known as lewdness, indecency or lechery, is sexual behavior or conduct that is called crude and offensive. It is also against certain and other standards of appropriate behavior.
The legal usage
In the 2000s and after, the word was used for one of several adjectives describing pornography, solicitation for prostitution and indecent acts.
Eric Salzman
Eric Salzman (September 8, 1933 – November 13, 2017) was an American composer, scholar, author, impresario, music critic, and record producer. He was born in Queens, New York City.
Life
Salzman studied at Columbia University, Princeton University, and also in Italy and Germany.
He was known for his work advancing the concept of "New Music Theater" as an independent art form. He co-founded the American Music Theater Festival and was, at the time of his death in 2017, Composer-in-Residence at the Center for Contemporary Opera in New York City.
Salzman died on November 13, 2017 from a heart attack in New York City, aged 84.
Mole (unit)
Mole is the SI unit used to measure how many molecules or atoms there are. One mole is around 600 sextillion molecules. Scientists use this number because 1 gram of hydrogen is around 1 mole of atoms.
The exact value of one mole is 6.022. This number comes from experiments with carbon because it's easy to work with.
6.022 is also called Avogadro's number, which was named after the person who invented it.
Anything can be measured in moles, but it is not practical for most tasks because the value is so massive. For example, one mole of grapefruits would be as big as the earth.
Because different molecules and atoms do not have the same mass, one mole of one thing does not weigh the same as one mole of something else. Atoms and molecule mass is measured in amu. One amu is equal to one gram per mole. This means that if an atom has a mass of one amu, one mole of this atom weighs one gram.
Mathematics with the mole
Moles = mass (g) / Relative mass (grams per mole)
Example: How many moles are there in 20 grams of hydrogen?
A value of 1 can be used for hydrogen's relative mass, although the correct value is slightly larger. So: moles = mass/relative mass = 20/1 = 20 moles.
Moles = concentration (mol/dm3) x volume (dm3)
Example: How many moles are there in 100cm3 of 0.1M H2SO4?
1 dm3 is the same as 1000 cm3, so the value in cubic centimetres needs to be divided by 1000. 100/1000 x 0.1 = 0.01 moles.
A methane molecule is made from one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms. Carbon has a mass of 12.011 u and hydrogen has a mass of 1.008 u. This means that the mass of one methane molecule is 12.011 u + (4 × 1.008u), or 16.043 u. This means that one mole of methane has a mass of 16.043 grams.
A mole can be thought of as two bags of different sized balls. One bag contains 3 tennis balls and the other 3 footballs. There is the same number of balls in both bags but the mass of the footballs is much larger. It is a different way to measure things. Moles measure the number of particles, not the mass. So both bags contain three moles.
A mole is simply a unit of the number of things. Other common units include a dozen, meaning  12, and a score, meaning 20. Similarly, a mole refers to a specific quantity-- its distinguishing feature is that its number is far larger than other common units. Such units are typically invented when existing units can not describe something easily enough. Chemical reactions typically take place between molecules of varying weights, meaning measurements of mass (such as grams) can be misleading when compared the reactions of individual molecules. On the other hand, using the absolute number of atoms/molecules/ions would also be confusing, as the massive numbers involved would make it all too easy to misplace a value or drop a digit. As such, working in moles allows scientists to refer to a specific quantity of molecules or atoms without resorting to excessively large numbers.
Related units
The SI units for molar concentration are mol/m3. However, most chemical writing uses mol/dm3, or mol dm-3, which is the same as mol/L. These units are often written with a capital letter M (pronounced "molar"), sometimes preceded by an SI prefix, for example, millimoles per litre (mmol/L) or millimolar (mM), micromoles/litre (µmol/L) or micromolar (µM), or nanomoles/L (nmol/L) or nanomolar (nM).
The absolute yield of a chemical reaction mostly stated in moles (called the "molar yield").
IONISx
IONISx is a massive open online courses (MOOCs) provider. IONISx works with universities and other organizations, offering courses in physics, engineering, humanities, social sciences, business, computer science, digital marketing, and data science, and in other subjects.
Greater Los Angeles Area
The Greater Los Angeles area is centered on the county of Los Angeles, California. The term is defined to refer to the area from Ventura to the southern border of Orange County, and from the Pacific Ocean to the Inland Empire. The Greater Los Angeles area includes the Los Angeles metropolitan area, the Inland Empire, and Ventura County. The term "Greater Los Angeles" does not include San Diego and Imperial counties.
Main cities
The following is a list of main cities in the Greater Los Angeles Area with estimates of their population:
Emma Thomas
Emma Thomas is an English movie producer. She is known for producing movies like The Prestige, Batman Begins, The Dark Knight, Inception, and The Dark Knight Rises, in which all movies are directed by her husband Christopher Nolan. She also produced the 2013 movie Man of Steel.
Personal life
Born in London, England, she was educated at University College London where she meet her husband Christopher Nolan. Her career began in 1997 and has produced almost all of Nolan's films. Thomas married Nolan in 1997. They have four children. They currently live in London, England and Los Angeles, California.
Filmography
Producer
Panthoibi
Panthoibi (ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ) or Panthoipi (ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯢꯄꯤ) is a goddess in the Meitei mythology and religion. People in Ancient Kangleipak (Antique Manipur) worshipped her. She is the goddess of civilization, courage, having children, making things with hands, love, winning, war and wisdom. She is married to Nongpok Ningthou.
Col. John Shakespear wrote that Panthoibi is the most famous goddess in the Meitei religion.
People talk about Panthoibi with another goddess, Leimarel Sidabi. Sometimes people think of Panthoibi and Leimarel as the same goddess. People say Panthoibi is bold, brave, and independent. She always works for what is good and right for Meitei women.
Etymology
The Meitei word "Panthoibi" (ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ or ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯏꯕꯤ) comes from three words, "Pan" (ꯄꯥꯟ), "Thoi" (ꯊꯣꯢ or ꯊꯣꯏ) and "Bi" (ꯕꯤ).
"Pan" (ꯄꯥꯟ) means to rule over something.
"Thoi" (ꯊꯣꯢ or ꯊꯣꯏ) means to exceed, or to transcend, or to win, or to be very good at something, or to increase.
In Meitei language, "Bi" ("Bee") (ꯕꯤ) or "Pi" ("Pee") (ꯄꯤ) means that the rest of the word has a feminine gender. For example, Thoibi is a name given to girls. It has "Thoi" and "Bi".
The word "Thoibi" (ꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ or ꯊꯣꯏꯕꯤ) also means being perfect or beautiful and good at doing things.
History
People began to worship Panthoibi when the Khaba dynasty ruled the Kangla. According to the National Archives of India, the Panthoibi Naheiron was written before Common Era. It has Meitei language worship songs in it.
The Loyumba Shinyen text, from 1100 c.e., says the Heishnam clan worshipped Panthoibi.
The Cheitharol Kumbaba says people built the first temple to Panthoibi in 1686, and a statue in 1699.
In the 1960s, some people started to worship Panthoibi instead of Durga.
Jobs and names
Panthoibi is proud of being female. Legend says she can change shape and has different bodies. For example, she can be Phouoibi, the goddess of grain. Panthoibi rules birth and death.
Panthoibi as a priestess goddess
According to the Anoirol text, the goddess Panthoibi is also Khabi Lengnao Mombi. Khabi Lengnao Mombi is the ancient amaibi (lit. priestess). Different texts say different things about Panthoibi. Panthoibi was regarded as a pre-historical Maibi. Some texts say she is the goddess Nongthang Leima, another goddess amaibi.
Panthoibi as a goddess of games
Panthoibi is a ruling deity of the Kang game. Kang is an indoor Meitei tradition game that people in Manipur played. Kang players pray to Panthoibi before and during the game. People believe that good players need her blessing.
Panthoibi as a goddess of potters
Goddess Panthoibi is the goddess of all potters. She taught the women of Manipur to make pots. She was taught the art of pottery by goddess Leimarel Sidabi before her disappearance. She has another mythology about this.
Panthoibi as the goddess of death and fertility
Goddess Panthoibi is part of the legend of Haoreibi Shampubi (alias Haoreima). Haoreibi Shampubi is a woman from the hills. She was killed when she went meet her lover. She turned into a ghost. People say she is an incarnation of Panthoibi. People started to think of Panthoibi as a goddess of death and fertility.
Panthoibi as the goddess of sickness
When humans do bad things, Panthoibi does too. If a person has spit near Panthoibi's shrine, he or she will not be able to turn his or her neck. It could be healed only by a maiba. For this, the maiba will perform a ritual.
Learned from a spider
Goddess Panthoibi saw a spider. It was making cobwebs in a corner. So Panthoibi learned to spin thread and weave cloth. Panthoibi imitated the pattern of weaving of the spider. Later, she introduced the art of weaving.
Mythology
Panthoibi was very beautiful. She was a daughter of a Meitei king. Many kings and princes wanted to marry her. King Shapaiba (Shapaipa) was one of them. He promised her he would build good roads, beautiful bridges, a big house and fish ponds. But she did not agree to marry him. Finally, Panthoibi married Tarang Khoinucha (alias Taram Khoinucha). He was the son of King Khaba Sokchrongba and Queen Teknga of the Khaba dynasty. Her marriage ceremony was wonderful.
Meeting Nongpok Ningthou
Panthoibi first met Nongpok Ningthou (alias Angoupa Kainou Chingsangsompa) five days after her wedding. She was walking in the grass and swimming in a river. She liked his handsome looks and personality. They fell in love. Nongpok Ningthou asked her to run away from her husband and marry him. But she did not say yes then. She told him to wait.
Panthoibi and Nongpok Ningthou secretly met many times. Panthoibi's husband's parents started to think something was wrong. Tarang Khoinucha tried to win her heart many times. Panthoibi and Nongpok Ningthou ran away together. They wore Tangkhul clothes as disguises.
Panthoibi and Nongpok Ningthou married on the sunny side of the Nongmaiching Hills. The gods celebrated with dancing and music (by the Langmai people and not the gods in another version). This celebration was the start of the Lai Haraoba festival.
Another version
In another way of telling the story, Panthoibi first met Nongpok Ningthou when she was helping her father at farming. The two fell in love before they had talked. But Panthoibi got married to another man even though she did not want to. Later, she left her husband's house to search for Nongpok Ningthou. Nongpok Ningthou also left his home to look for Panthoibi. The two met at the Kangla. Kangla became the place of their divine union. This is why Meitei kings do their crowning ceremony there.
Panthoibi and the Sun God
According to the Numit Kappa text (c. 1st century), in ancient times, there were two suns in the sky. An archer hero (many men in some version) shot one of the suns with an arrow and hurt it. The two brother suns ran away out of the sky. They hid for ten long days. The world was dark. No men could work. Crops and cows died. Then the ten godly kings (or kingly gods) talked to the other gods. They asked each to talk to the Sun God. None succeeded. Finally, the ten gods came to Princess Panthoibi. She showed them magical ceremonies to get the Sun God to come back. The unhurt Sun God came back, but the archer hit with the arrow did not.
Pottery and human civilization
After the first human beings, Panthoibi made them a place to live. Humans started eating and drinking. Panthoibi realised they needed someplace to put food and water. So she started making pots. In the beginning, she did not know how to make a pot. Later, she looked around. She saw a flower - Nura Khudonglei (Malabar melastome). She saw its shape. Then, she made a pot. Since then, humans could make pots for cooking food and drinking water.
Worship
Panthoibi is mainly worshipped by the Heisnam family of Meitei ethnicity. So, she is also known as Heisnam Lairembi (lit. Lairembi of the Heisnam).
Identification with other deities
Panthoibi is regarded as one of the divine incarnations of Goddess Leimarel Sidabi. She is also regarded as an incarnation of goddess Nongthang Leima. She also has many forms including Phouoibi (goddess of grains). Goddess Haoreibi Shampubi (alias Haoreima) is also regarded as an incarnation of Panthoibi.
Twin town
Twin towns are towns or cities in different countries which are paired to encourage human contact and cultural links.
Panthoibi
Panthoibi Iratpa
Panthoibi Iratpa (Panthoibi Eratpa) is a religious festival dedicated to goddess Panthoipi. It is celebrated every year.
Surveying and Mapping (Amendment) Bill
''A joint sitting of parliament on Wednesday 16th September, 2020 passed The Surveying and Mapping (Amendment) Bill, 2020. The Surveying and Mapping (Amendment) Bill, 2020 is targeted at preventing the printing, displaying, dissemination of or use of an incorrect and unofficial map of Pakistan.''
Panthoibi
Lai Haraoba
The Lai Haraoba festival is about Panthoibi and Nongpok Ningthou. There are legends and writings about them in Ancient Manipur.
Armando Merodio
Armando Merodio Pesquera (23 August 1935 – 21 June 2018) was a Spanish retired footballer. He was born in Barcelona. He played as a striker. He was known for playing with Athletic Bilbao from 1958 to 1963.
It Was I Who Drew the Little Man
It Was I Who Drew the Little Man (Челове́чка нарисова́л я) is a 1960 Soviet animated movie directed by Valentina Brumberg, Zinaida Brumberg and Valentin Lalayants.
Armando Merodio
Merodio died on 21 June 2018 from congestive heart failure in Barcelona, aged 82.
Panthoibi
Panthoibi Jagoi
Panthoibi Jagoi is a dance form in which two people dnace together while a maibi and a Pena Khongba (pena player) play a love song about Panthoibi and Nongpok Ningthou. It also depicts the process of weaving.
Surveying and Mapping (Amendment) Bill
According to the Surveying and Mapping (Amendment) Bill, 2020
Twin town
In Europe, the pairs of towns are called twin towns, but other languages say friendship towns or partner towns; in North America and Australasia, the towns are called sister cities. Brother cities was the name of twinned cities in the old Soviet bloc.
Panthoibi
Panthoibi Sheishak
Panthoibi Sheishak is a song in the Lai Haraoba festival. pena players play the song. It is about Panthoibi searching for Nongpok Ningthou.
It was the time of setting sun when the bright light on the face of the hills deceased, and the rising smoke in the hills gradually receded to meet the rising smoke from the plain.
Panthoibi was unaware of the whereabouts of Nongpok Ningthou and in her helpless condition she beseeched the tall trees of the hills and the leafy ones of the plains to help her find her beloved.
It is one of the nine singing ways of singing in the Lai Haraoba.
Tangkhul Nurabi Loutaba
Tangkhul Nurabi Loutaba is play about what Tangkhul Pakhang (an incarnation of Nongpok Ningthou) and Tangkhul Nurabi (an incarnation of Panthoibi) said to each other. The two players wear Tangkhul Naga costumes of farming in the field. The play is on the last night of the Kanglei Haraoba (one of the 4 forms of Lai Haraoba festival).
Panthoibi Emporium
The Panthoibi Emporium is a place for buying and selling things in New Delhi, India.
Panthoibi Housing
The Panthoibi Housing Finance Company Limited is a housing financial company. Its office is near Flyover bridge in Uripok Tourangbam Leikai in Imphal.
Panthoibi Manipur Handicrafts Emporium
The Panthoibi Manipur Handicrafts Emporium is a place in Delhi, India. It stores handmade by-products made of silk from Manipur.
Twin town
Twin towns often (but not always) have similar populations, industries and other characteristics. Sometimes, even larger areas enter into "twinning" agreements, such as that between the provinces of Hainan in China and Jeju in South Korea.
Europe
The earliest form of town twinning in Europe was between the German city of Paderborn and the French city of Le Mans in 836, although this was not officially established as a modern town twinning arrangement until 1967.
Coventry, United Kingdom was the first ever city to "twin" with another city (Stalingrad, Soviet Union) and hence began the modern practice of twinning.
After the Second World War twinning was a way to bring European people into a closer understanding of each other and to promote cross-border projects and peace.
For example, Coventry twinned with Dresden as an act of peace and reconciliation, both cities having been heavily bombed during the war. Each twin city country is represented in a specific ward of the city and in each ward has a peace garden dedicated to that twin city.
Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born American scientist. He worked on theoretical physics. He developed the theory of relativity. He received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for theoretical physics.
His famous equation is E=mc^2 (E = energy, m = mass, c = speed of light (energy = mass × speed of light²).
Twin town
Europe
Since 1989, the European Union has had a support scheme for town twinning. In 2003 an annual budget of about 12 million euros was given to about 1,300 projects.
North America
The first city in North America to establish a sister city relationship was Toledo, Ohio, United States, with Toledo, Spain in 1931. In 1944, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada twinned with the Ukrainian city of Odessa, which at the time was part of the Soviet Union. This was to show support and to help the allied port city during World War II.
Surveying and Mapping (Amendment) Bill
Amendment of section 16 (6): No one can print, display, disseminate, use or circulate incorrect and unofficial version of map of Pakistan or any part of Pakistan in hard or digital form. All individuals’ firms, organizations or departments shall get their maps vetted and cleared from Survey of Pakistan before use, publication. dissemination or circulation.
Amendment of section 3 (3): Survey of Pakistan shall be technical department for all activities involving surveying, mapping, geographic information system or remote sensing and geospatial information technologies in the country.
Albert Einstein
At the start of his career, Einstein didn't think that Newtonian mechanics was enough to bring together the laws of classical mechanics and the laws of the electromagnetic field. Between 1902 and 1909 he made the theory of special relativity to fix it.
Einstein also thought that Isaac Newton's idea of gravity was not completely correct. So, he extended his ideas on special relativity to include gravity. In 1916, he published a paper on general relativity with his theory of gravitation.
In 1933, Einstein was visiting the United States but in Germany, Adolf Hitler and the Nazis came to power (this is before World War II). Einstein, being of Jewish ethnicity, did not return to Germany due to Hitler’s anti-Semitic policies. He lived in the United States and became an American citizen in 1940. On the beginning of World War II, he sent a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt explaining to him that Germany was in the process of making a nuclear weapon; so Einstein recommended that the U.S. should also make one. This led to the Manhattan Project, and the U.S. became the first nation in history to create and use the atomic bomb (not on Germany but on Japan). Einstein and other physicists like Richard Feynman who worked on the Manhattan Project later regretted that the bomb was used on Japan.
Einstein lived in Princeton and was one of the first members invited to the Institute for Advanced Study, where he worked for the remainder of his life.
He is now thought to be one of the greatest scientists of all time.
His contributions helped lay the foundations for all modern branches of physics, including quantum mechanics and relativity.
Early life
Einstein was born in Ulm, Württemberg, Germany, on 14 March 1879. His family was Jewish, but was not very religious. However, later in life Einstein became very interested in his Judaism. Einstein did not begin speaking until he was 3 years old. According to his younger sister, Maja, "He had such difficulty with language that those around him feared he would never learn". When Einstein was around 4 years old, his father gave him a magnetic compass. He tried hard to understand how the needle could seem to move itself so that it always pointed north. The needle was in a closed case, so clearly nothing like wind could be pushing the needle around, and yet it moved. So in this way Einstein became interested in studying science and mathematics. His compass gave him ideas to explore the world of science.
Einstein married with a 20-year-old Serbian woman Mileva Marić in January 1903.
In 1917, Einstein became very sick with an illness that almost killed him, fortunately he survived. His cousin Elsa Löwenthal nursed him back to health. After this happened, Einstein divorced Mileva on 14 February 1919, and married Elsa on 2 June 1919.
Children
Einstein's first daughter was Lieserl Einstein. She was born in Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Austria-Hungary on January 27, 1902. She spent her first years in the care of Serbian grandparents because her father Albert did not want her to be brought to Switzerland, where he had a job offer at the patent office. Some historians believe she died from scarlet fever.
Einstein's two sons were Hans Albert Einstein and Eduard Tete Einstein. Hans Albert was born in Bern, Switzerland in May 1904. He became a professor in Berkeley (California). Eduard was born in Zürich, Switzerland in July 1910. He died at 55 years old of a stroke in the Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich "Burghölzli". He had spent his life in and out of hospitals due to his schizophrenia.
Later life
In spring of 1914, he moved back to Germany, and became ordinary member of the Prussian Academy and director of a newly established institute for physics of the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft. He lived in Berlin and finished the General Theory of Relativity in November 1915. In the Weimar Republic, he was politically active for socialism and Zionism. In 1922, he received the Nobel prize for Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect in 1905. He then tried to formulate a general field theory uniting gravitation and electromagnetism, without success. He had reservations about the quantum mechanics invented by Heisenberg (1925) and Schrödinger (1926). In spring of 1933, Einstein and Elsa were traveling in the US when the Nazi party came to power. The Nazis were violently antisemitic. They called Einstein's relativity theory "Jewish physics," and some German physicists started polemics against his theories. Others, like Planck and Heisenberg, defended Einstein.
After their return to Belgium, considering the threats from the Nazis, Einstein resigned from his position in the Prussian Academy in a letter from Oostende. Einstein and Elsa decided not to go back to Berlin and moved to Princeton, New Jersey in the United States, and in 1940 he became a United States citizen.
Before World War II, in August 1939, Einstein at the suggestion of Leó Szilárd wrote to the U.S. president, Franklin D. Roosevelt, to say that the United States should invent an atomic bomb so that the Nazi government could not beat them to the punch. He signed the letter. However, he was not part of the Manhattan Project, which was the project that created the atomic bomb.
Einstein, a Jew but not an Israeli citizen, was offered the presidency in 1952 but turned it down, stating "I am deeply moved by the offer from our State of Israel, and at once saddened and ashamed that I cannot accept it." Ehud Olmert was reported to be considering offering the presidency to another non-Israeli, Elie Wiesel, but he was said to be "very not interested".
He did his research on gravitation at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, New Jersey until his death on 18 April 1955 of a burst aortic aneurysm. He was still writing about quantum physics hours before he died. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics.
Photoelectric effect
In 1905 he came up with a theory that light was made of small particles called photons. Using this theory he was able to explain the photoelectric effect. The formula relating the energy and frequency of a photon is E = hf. This means that higher frequency light has more energy per photon.
The photoelectric effect happens when light shining on a metal surface causes it to emit electrons. The difficulty for the classical wave theory was to explain why this effect only seems to occur for high frequency light such as UV, but not lower frequency such as red or infrared. Einstein showed that, since higher frequency light has photons with more energy, it has a greater chance of forcing electrons out of the metal.
Einstein was also able to explain other phenomena with photons, such as fluorescence and ionization. In 1921 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for this discovery.
Theory of relativity
The theory of special relativity was published by Einstein in 1905, in the paper On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies. It says that both distance measurements and time measurements change near the speed of light. This means that as one get closer to the speed of light (nearly 300,000 kilometres per second), lengths appear to get shorter, and clocks tick more slowly. Einstein said that special relativity is based on two ideas. The first is that the laws of physics are the same for all observers that are not moving in relation to each other.
Things going in the same direction at the same speed are said to be in an inertial frame.
People in the same "frame" measure how long something takes to happen. Their clocks keep the same time. But in another "frame" their clocks move at a different rate. The reason this happens is as follows. No matter how an observer is moving, if he measures the speed of the light coming from that star it will always be the same number.
Imagine an astronaut were all alone in a different universe. It just has an astronaut and a spaceship. Is he moving? Is he standing still? Those questions do not mean anything. Why? Because when we say we are moving we mean that we can measure our distance from something else at various times. If the numbers get bigger we are moving away. If the numbers get smaller we are moving closer. To have movement you must have at least two things. An airplane can be moving at several hundred kilometers per hour, but passengers say, "I am just sitting here."
Suppose some people are on a spaceship and they want to make an accurate clock. At one end they put a mirror, and at the other end they put a simple machine. It shoots one short burst of light toward the mirror and then waits. The light hits the mirror and bounces back. When it hits a light detector on the machine, the machine says, "Count = 1," it simultaneously shoots another short burst of light toward the mirror, and when that light comes back the machine says, "Count = 2." They decide that a certain number of bounces will be defined as a second, and they make the machine change the seconds counter every time it has detected that number of bounces. Every time it changes the seconds counter it also flashes a light out through a porthole under the machine. So somebody outside can see the light flashing every second.
Pietro Parolin
Pietro Parolin OMRI (, ; born 17 January 1955) is an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church. He has been a cardinal since February 2014. He has also been the Vatican's Secretary of State since October 2013 and a member of the Council of Cardinal Advisers since July 2014.
Commelinales
Commelinales is the botanical name of an order of flowering plants. It is considered that the Commelinales together with Zingiberales evolved in the Late Cretaceous around 80 millions of years ago. Two of the best-known genera in the order are Commelina and Tradescantia. Commelinales is made of the families Commelinaceae, Haemodoraceae, Hanguanaceae, Phylidraceae, and Pondteriaceae. Another name for this plant order is the Haemodorales.
Albert Einstein
Theory of relativity
Every grade school child learns the formula d=rt (distance equals rate multiplied by time). We know the speed of light, and we can easily measure the distance between the machine and the mirror and multiple that to give the distance the light travels. So we have both d and r, and we can easily calculate t. The people on the spaceship compare their new "light clock" with their various wrist watches and other clocks, and they are satisfied that they can measure time well using their new light clock.
Now this spaceship happens to be going very fast. They see a flash from the clock on the space ship, and then they see another flash. Only the flashes do not come a second apart. They come at a slower rate. Light always goes at the same speed, d = rt. That is why the clock on the spaceship is not flashing once a second for the outside observer.
Special relativity also relates energy with mass, in Albert Einstein's E=mc2 formula.
Mass-energy equivalence
There are three basic forms of energy: potential energy, kinetic energy, and rest energy. Two of these forms of energy can be seen in the examples given above, and in the example of a pendulum.
A cannonball hangs on a rope from an iron ring. A horse pulls the cannonball to the right side. When the cannonball is released it will move back and forth as diagrammed. It would do that forever except that the movement of the rope in the ring and rubbing in other places causes friction, and the friction takes away a little energy all the time. If we ignore the losses due to friction, then the energy provided by the horse is given to the cannonball as potential energy. (It has energy because it is up high and can fall down.) As the cannonball swings down it gains more and more speed, so the nearer the bottom it gets the faster it is going and the harder it would hit you if you stood in front of it. Then it slows down as its kinetic energy is changed back into potential energy. "Kinetic energy" just means the energy something has because it is moving. "Potential energy" just means the energy something has because it is in some higher position than something else.
When energy moves from one form to another, the amount of energy always remains the same. It cannot be made or destroyed. This rule is called the "conservation law of energy". For example, when you throw a ball, the energy is transferred from your hand to the ball as you release it. But the energy that was in your hand, and now the energy that is in the ball, is the same number. For a long time, people thought that the conservation of energy was all there was to talk about.