cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Brett Halsey
Brett Halsey (born Charles Oliver Hand; June 20, 1933) is an American actor. He is known for his roles in European-made B-movies beginning in the 1960s. He was credited as as Montgomery Ford in some movies. He starred in movies such as High School Hellcats (1958), Return of the Fly (1959), Jet Over the Atlantic (1959), The Best of Everything (1959), Return to Peyton Place (1961) and Twice-Told Tales (1963), The Avenger of Venice (1964), Espionage in Lisbon (1965), Kill Johnny Ringo (1966), Today We Kill, Tomorrow We Die! (1968), All on the Red (1968), Twenty Thousand Dollars for Seven (1969), Roy Colt and Winchester Jack (1970) and The Godfather Part III (1990). He also appeared in the soap opera The Young and the Restless and TV series The Dukes of Hazzard. In 1961, Halsey won the Golden Globe Award for "New Star of the Year".
Geneva
History
In 1387 Bishop Adhémar Fabry granted the town its great charter, the basis of its communal self-government, which every bishop on his accession was expected to confirm. The last Count of Geneva died in 1394, and the House of Savoy took over their land. In 1416 the counts became dukes, and kept trying to bring the city of Geneva under their control, often by making members of their own family to Bishops of Geneva. The city protected itself by joining the Swiss Federation (Eidgenossenschaft), uniting itself in 1426 with Berne and Fribourg. In the Protestant Reformation Bern favoured the new Protestant teaching and demanded liberty of preaching for the Reformers Guillaume Farel and Antoine Froment, but Catholic Fribourg renounced in its union with Geneva in 1511. Later the Protestant leader John Calvin was based in Geneva from 1536 to his death in 1564.
Brett Halsey
Halsey was born in Santa Ana, California. He is a great-nephew of William Halsey Jr., a U.S. Navy admirable. He has been married four times, including to Italian actress Luciana Paluzzi. He has three children.
Geneva
History
At the Congress of Vienna (1814-15) the territory of Geneva was enlarged to cover 15 Savoyard and 6 French parishes, with more than 16,000 Catholics; at the same time it became a part of the Swiss Confederation. The treaty said that Catholic religion was to be protected, and that no changes were to be made without agreement with the Holy See. Later, Pope Pius VII made the cities of Geneva and Lausanne a new diocese of and part of Geneva diocese that was in France part of the French diocese of Annecy.
The Protestant and Old Catholic churches got money from the city taxes, but the Roman Catholics did not. On 30 June 1907, most of the Catholics of Geneva voted for the separation of Church and State.
Geography
Geneva is located at 46°12' North, 6°09' East, at the south-western end of Lake Geneva, where the lake meets the Rhône River. It is surrounded by two mountain chains, the Alps and the Jura.
The city of Geneva has an area of 15.86 km2. The area of the Canton of Geneva is 282 km2.
The altitude of Geneva is 373.6 m. This is the altitude of the largest of the Pierres du Niton, two large rocks in the lake that are used as a reference point for surveying in Switzerland. The second main river of Geneva is the Arve River which flows into the Rhône River just west of the city centre.
Climate
Geneva has a temperate oceanic climate (Cfb in the Köppen climate classification). Winters are cool and generally a little cloudy. During the winter, it is possible to have several days without thawing, and a day or two with severe freezes where the thermometer displays -10 °C. There are several days each month when, if anticyclonic conditions are stable, the clouds may stay for several days. From March, with temperatures rising it feels like summer in late May. However, the rain intensifies and often has a stormy character during the month of May. These may be short but strong storms depositing several centimetres of rain within just a few minutes. Summers are often hot and rather humid, although some may be more changeable, the mornings remain relatively fresh. During the summer season, the rains are less frequent but more intense. This is the season where you most likely get thunderstorms with hail. If the weather in early September is still hot, it cools down quickly to become really cold in November. The morning frosts are then reappearing. Autumn is also the season of mists, and the month of October is often the month with the most fog in the year. The fog can be very intense, restricting vision to less than 100 m in the areas outside the city.
Media
The city's main newspaper is the Tribune de Genève, a daily newspaper founded on 1 February 1879 by James T. Bates, with a readership of about 187,000. Le Courrier, founded in 1868, was originally supported by the Roman Catholic Church, but has been completely independent since 1996. Mainly focused on Geneva, Le Courrier is trying to expand into other cantons in Romandy. Both Le Temps (headquartered in Geneva) and Le Matin are widely read in Geneva, but both actually cover the whole of Romandy.
The main television channel covering Geneva is the Radio Télévision Suisse (RTS); while its headquarters are in Geneva, the programmes cover the whole of French-speaking Switzerland. Léman Bleu is a local TV channel, founded in 1996 and distributed by cable. Because Geneva is nearly surrounded by France, many French television and radio channels can be picked up in Geneva.
Entertainment
Theatre
Most theatre in Geneva is in French, however there are several companies that stage regular English productions.
Cinema
Movie going is a favorite activity in Geneva and there are plenty of theaters throughout the city. Most movies are dubbed into French. Because of the number of English speakers in the city movies may also be subtitled.
Restaurants
Traditions and customs
Since 1818, a particular chestnut tree is used as the official "herald of the spring" in Geneva. The sautier (secretary of the Parliament of the Canton of Geneva) observes the tree and notes the day of arrival of the first bud. While this event has no practical impact, the sautier issues a formal press release and the local newspaper will usually mention the news. In 2007, the first bud appeared on 2 March.
British Science Association
The British Science Association (BSA) promotes science. It was founded in 1831. Until 2009 it was known as the British Association for the Advancement of Science (BA). It is a charity.
Geneva
Traditions and customs
Genevans also traditionally celebrate the failure of a Savoyard attempt to invade the city in 1602. The celebration, which takes place in December, is called L'Escalade, and includes a parade in the Old Town, a marathon, and numerous costume parties across the city. Inhabitants generally eat vegetable stew to commemorate a fictional character called Mère Royaume who is said to have thrown boiling hot soup on the Duke of Savoy's men when they were climbing the walls of the city during the night (hence the name L'Escalade, which means "the climb" in French). Traditionally, children are encouraged to knock on people's doors and sing songs in old Genevan, while teenagers generally throw eggs and flour at each other. Another tradition is to cross a pot made of chocolate filled with marzepan vegetables while saying "and so perished the enemies of the Republic".
British Science Association
The British Science Association's mission is to get more people engaged in science. It does this by organising projects.
The British Science Association has their head office at the Wellcome Wolfson Building in Kensington, London. There are four regional staff elsewhere in the UK. The British Science Association offers a wide variety of activities and events that recognize and encourage people to be involved in science. These include the British Science Festival, British Science Week, the CREST Awards, Huxley Summit, Youth Pannle, Media Fellowships Scheme. There are regional and local events.
Geneva
Sports
The main sport team in Geneva is Servette FC, a football club founded in 1890 and named after a borough on the right bank of the Rhône River. Servette was the only club to have remained in the top league in Switzerland since its creation in the 1930s; however, in 2005, management problems caused the bankruptcy of the club's parent company, causing the club to be demoted two divisions lower. It is now playing in second division. Geneva is also home of the Genève-Servette Hockey Club, who play in the Swiss Nationalliga A.
Local government
The city of Geneva is divided into 8 "quartiers" or districts, often made up of several conglomerated neighborhoods. On the Left Bank (Rive Gauche) these include Jonction, Centre / Plainpalais / Acacias, Eaux-Vives and Champel while the Right Bank includes Saint-Jean / Charmilles, Servette / Petit-Saconnex, Grottes / Saint-Gervaise and Paquis / Nations.
Demographics
As of 2005, the population of the Commune (city) of Geneva was 185,028, while 441,000 people lived in the Canton of Geneva; around 960,000 people live in the Geneva urban community, which extends into Vaud Canton and neighbouring France.
While Geneva is usually considered a Protestant city, there are now more Roman Catholics (39.5%) than Protestants (17.4%) living in the Canton. 22% of the inhabitants claim not to be religious, the rest being shared between Islam (4.4%), Judaism (1.1%), other religions and people who did not respond.
Economy
Geneva's economy is mainly services oriented. The city has an important and old finance sector, which is specialized in private banking (managing assets of about 1 trillion USD) and financing of international trade. It is also an important centre of commodity trade.
Geneva hosts the international headquarters of companies like JT International (JTI), Mediterranean Shipping Company, Serono, SITA, Société Générale de Surveillance and STMicroelectronics. Many other multinational companies like Caterpillar, DuPont, Electronic Arts, Hewlett-Packard, INVISTA, Procter & Gamble and Sun Microsystems have their European headquarters in the city too.
There is a long tradition of watchmaking (Baume et Mercier, Chopard, Franck Muller, Patek Philippe, Rolex, Raymond Weil, Omega, etc.). Two major international producers of flavours and fragrances, Firmenich and Givaudan, have their headquarters and main production facilities in Geneva.
Many people also work in the numerous offices of international organizations in Geneva (about 24,000 in 2001).
Geneva Motor Show is one of the most important international auto-shows. The show is held at Palexpo, a giant convention centre located next to the International Airport. The show is so important that the Jet d'Eau is switched on for longer than usual because of all the visitors in the city during the show.
Transport
The city is served by the Geneva Cointrin International Airport. It is connected to both the Swiss railway network SBB-CFF-FFS, and the French SNCF network, including direct connections to Paris, Marseille and Montpellier by TGV. Geneva is also connected to the motorway systems of both Switzerland (A1 motorway) and France.
Public transport by bus, trolleybus or tram is provided by Transports Publics Genevois (TPG). In addition to an extensive coverage of the city centre, the network covers most of the municipalities of the Canton, with a few lines extending into France. Public transport by boat is provided by the Mouettes Genevoises, which link the two banks of the lake within the city, and by the Compagnie Générale de Navigation sur le lac Léman (CGN) which serves more distant destinations such as Nyon, Yvoire, Thonon, Evian, Lausanne and Montreux using both modern diesel vessels and vintage paddle steamers.
Trains operated by SBB connect the airport to the main station of Cornavin in six minutes, and carry on to towns such as Nyon, Lausanne, Fribourg, Montreux, Neuchâtel, Berne, Sion, Sierre, etc. Regional train services are being increasingly developed, towards Coppet and Bellegarde. At the city limits, two new stations have been created since 2002: Genève-Sécheron (close to the UN and the Botanical Gardens) and Lancy-Pont-Rouge.
In 2005, work started on the CEVA (Cornavin - Eaux-Vives - Annemasse) project, first planned in 1884, which will connect Cornavin with the Cantonal hospital, the Eaux-Vives station and Annemasse, in France. The link between the main station and the classification yard of La Praille already exists; from there, the line will go mostly underground to the Hospital and the Eaux-Vives, where it will link up to the existing line to France. Support for this project was obtained from all parties in the local parliament.
Taxis in Geneva can be difficult to find, and may need to be booked in advance especially in the early morning or at peak hours. In addition, which may be surprising in a modern country like Switzerland, taxis often refuse to take babies and children.
Education
The University of Geneva was founded by John Calvin in 1559. The International School of Geneva is the oldest international school in the world. It was founded in 1924 along with the League of Nations.
Geneva is also home to one of the most prestigious graduate schools of international relations, the Graduate Institute of International Studies. Other international schools include the International School of Geneva and Institut International de Lancy (founded in 1903).
The Canton of Geneva's public school system has "écoles primaires" (4-12), "cycles d'orientation" (12-15), and the post-obligatory "collèges" (15-19), the oldest of which is the Collège Calvin. It is housed in the ancient buildings of the University of Geneva, and could be considered one of the oldest public schools in the world.
Geneva also has a wide choice of reputed private schools.
Communities
As the Geneva authorities say, the history of the city is closely related to that of the foreign communities. Ever since the migration of foreigners to Geneva, these communities have found refuge, bringing their know-how, their customs and hope of a new life. They have widely participated in the international influence of Geneva, to its economic prosperity, and also to the spreading of views and of science.
LGBT community
Many other communities or minorities are also very well represented in Geneva, including sexual minorities, with no less than three organizations: Dialogai, a gay organization; Lestime, a lesbian organization; and association 360, an LGBT organization. The Gay International Group (Geneva, Switzerland) is a good resource for gay foreigners, tourists or expatriates. Also, a new LGBT group has debuted within the University of Geneva itself, called "Think Out". This group addresses students and professors linked directly or indirectly with the matter of sexual diversity.
Religious communities
There are a lot of different communities in Geneva. Even if Geneva is supposed to be the Protestant Rome, many religions are represented in Geneva. The Plymouth Brethren have a thriving assembly there, established since the days of John Nelson Darby. Besides the Protestants, the Catholic religion becomes more influential thanks to immigration from Latin countries. The Jewish community is one of the oldest of Switzerland, and the more recent Muslim community is emerging in this tolerant city.
Batalhão Cemetery
Batalhão Cemetery is a cemetery located in the city of Campo Maior, Piauí, Brazil. It is a historical heritage site, listed in 1938 by the National Historic and Artistic Heritage Institute (Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional, IPHAN) and named National Monument in 1990 by the president José Sarney.
Geneva
International organizations
Geneva is the seat of the European headquarters of the United Nations and of many other inter-governmental organizations, including: Geneva was the seat of the League of Nations between 1919 and the league's dissolution in 1946. It was first housed in the Palais Wilson, and then in the Palais des Nations, which now hosts the United Nations. Numerous international non-governmental organizations have also elected Geneva as their headquarters, including:
Batalhão Cemetery
The Batalhão cemetery, located in the municipality of Campo maior (PI), was listed by IPHAN in 1938 and has been registered in the Books of Listed Historical Sites and of Fine Arts. The cemetery, one of the most important landmarks in the history od Piauí and in the Independence of Brazil, is home to the remains of the heroes of the Battle of Jenipapo, which took place on March 13, 1823.
Westerfield railway station
Westerfield is a railway station in Westerfield Suffolk, England. The station is a junction of the Felixstowe Branch Line to Felixstowe, and the East Suffolk Line to Lowestoft. The station is 6 km (3½ miles) east of Ipswich. Westerfield is a small village north of Ipswich and the station is on the south side of the village.
Fulton, Kansas
Fulton is a city in Bourbon County, Kansas, United States. In 2010, 163 people lived there.
History
Fulton was first known as Osaga, and it was created as Osaga in 1869. The name changed to Fulton in 1878, after the city of Fulton, Illinois.
A post office was created under the name Osaga in 1869.
Geography
Fulton is at 38.00972°N, -94.71944°W (38.009828, -94.719358), along the Little Osage River. The United States Census Bureau says taht the city has a total area of 0.19 sqmi. All of it is land.
2010 census
In 2010, there were 163 people, 63 households, and 45 families residing in the city. The population density was 857.9 PD/sqmi. 90.2% of the people were White, 0.6% were African American, 3.7% were Native American, 1.2% were from other races, and 4.3% were from two or more races. 5.5% of the people were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
2000 census
In 2000, there were 184 people, 71 households, and 47 families residing in the city. The population density was 975.4 people per square mile (373.9/km²). 94.57% of the people were White, 3.26% were Native American, 0.54% were Asian, and 1.63% were from two or more races. 0.54% of the people were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
Social cleansing
In certain societies there are groups of people, who think that certain people should not be part of that society. These people who are seen as "undesirable" are then either killed, or they are driven away. This is known as social cleansing. Examples of such groups seen as undesirable are homeless people, street children, criminals,the elderly, and people with disabilities. Very often, these ideas also touch sex workers, people who are homosexual, or who have a gender identity outside the clearly defined male, or clearly defined female spectrum. Wanting to do social cleansing is caused by a combination of economic and social factors, but killings are mostly present in regions with high levels of poverty or were there are very few very rich, and the rest of the poulation is poor. Perpetrators are usually of the same community as the victims. Very often, they think that the victims are a drain on the resources of society. Efforts by national and local governments to stop these killings have been largely ineffective. The government and police forces are often involved in the killings, especially in South America.
Colombia
According to the National Center of Historic Memory the city of Cali in Colombia is most affected by these massacres. Between 1998 and 2013, about 5.000 people have been killed in social cleansing operations; 77% of the cillings were done by special groups doing the cleansing, 18% were killed by paramilitary groups, and 5% were killed by unidentified groups.
A report by Vice News states that the police is often involved, and leads to the homeless seeking shelter in the most remote areas of the canalisation: "They come here all the time. they get you and take you to the police station. There they beat youu up, and they sprinkle you with a strong water jet. They tell you you are good for social cleansing, but they don't tell you when it will happen. When the aggressors cannot reach them, they have another stategy: they put gasoline in the sewers, and put it on fire. "Six month ago, paramilitary forces came, and put a small girl on fire. They poured gasoline on her and lit her."
Guatemala
After the civil war in Guatemala, many soldiers formed criminal organizations. That way, they could avoid that a efficient transition government would be put in place, which would persecute people who had committed war crimes.. The process of transition towards a democratic government also threatened these groups, who then executed people who were politically active. A very notable example is the assasination of the bishop Juan José Gerardi Conedera. A commander of a military base ordered his assassination. Edgar Gutierrez, a political commentator, noted that these groups were motivated by a higer ambition. According zo Guiterrez, they wanted contorl of the state and the economy. Most of the information officers of the military dictatorship were infiltrated into orgaised crime, either part of the state, or close to it.
A report of the International commission against impunity in Guatemala, published in 2010, accuses the government of Óscar Berger (2004-2008?=), of having donee "social cleansing operations", and of having ordered extra-judicial killings. Philip Alston, of the United Nations, had already pointed out that goverment of Guatemala had taken part in social cleansing operations. Erwin Sperisen, director of national police, said that the use of legal and extra-legal force against "socially undesirable individuals" was a necessary means to be able to guarantee economic prosperity.
Since 2013, different associations point out that the level of social cleansing is increasing again: Most of the time, it is Maya officeholders, and Maya communities fighting for their land, and natural resources, which also interest big companies.In 2013, people defendimg human rights have been attacked 169 times, according to the Unit of protection of defenders of Guatemala.
Naruto Uzumaki
Naruto Uzumaki (うずまきナルト, Uzumaki Naruto) is the protagonist of the anime and manga franchise Naruto made by Masashi Kishimoto. At the start, he is a ninja student who lives in the village of Konoha. The others in the town do not like him because he has the soul of the Fox Demon Kurama sealed inside him, but Naruto wants to become the town's leader. During his studies, Naruto learns many jutsu (techniques), including a Shadow Clone jutsu which he excels at also a jutsu taught by his sensei Master Jiraiya the Rasengan. His energetic personality lets him make friends with many people, including his best friend and rival Sasuke.
In every official Weekly Shōnen Jump popularity poll of the series, Naruto ranks in the top five characters. From the beginning of 2012, he has been in first place twice. Naruto was placed sixth in IGN's Top 25 Anime Characters of All Time.
Zac Goldsmith
Frank Zacharias Robin Goldsmith, Baron Goldsmith of Richmond Park (born 20 January 1975) is a British politician and journalist who currently has the role as Minister of State for Pacific and the Environment. He served as Member of Parliament for Richmond Park after being elected in the 2010 general election until 2016 and from 2017 until 2019 . He also was the Conservative candidate in the 2016 London mayoral election, which he lost to Sadiq Khan from Labour.
Congo Bongo
Congo Bongo, oftentimes called Tip Top, is a platform video game made and published by Sega in 1983.
Cytoplasmic streaming
Cytoplasmic streaming is where there is flow inside the cytoplasm. It is sometimes called protoplasmic streaming or cyclosis.
Streaming is often seen in large plant and animal cells. Cytoplasm moves inside the cells. The flow is driven by forces in the cytoskeleton. The function of the flow is probably to speed up transport of molecules and organelles around the cell. Cytoplasmic streaming is usually found in large cells, larger than about 0.1 mm. In smaller cells diffusion of molecules is rapid, but it slows  as the cell size increases. Larger cells need flow to move nutrients inside them rapidly enough for efficient working.
Frankfort, Kansas
Frankfort is a city in Marshall County, Kansas, United States. In 2010, 726 people lived there.
Colleretto Giacosa
Colleretto Giacosa is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont.
Frankfort, Kansas
History
Frankfort was laid out in 1867 when the Central Branch Union Pacific Railroad was built through the area. The nearby post office of Nottingham, created in 1857, moved about a half-mile northwest to be at the railroad. It was named after Frank Schmidt, a member of the town company. Frankfort was incorporated as a city of the third class in 1875.
The town is famous for the 32 men it lost during World War II. This was more per capita than any other community in the United States.
Geography
Frankfort is at 39.70389°N, -96.41806°W (39.703810, -96.417925). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of 1.02 sqmi. Of that, 1.01 sqmi is land and 0.01 sqmi is water.
2010 census
In 2010, there were 726 people, 307 households, and 195 families living in Frankfort. The population density was 718.8 PD/sqmi. 98.8% of the people were White, 0.6% were African American, 0.1% were Asian, and 0.6% were from two or more races. 1.2% of the people were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
2000 census
In 2000, there were 855 people, 367 households, and 230 families living in Frankfort. The population density was 842.2 people per square mile (323.6/km²). 98.25% of the people were White, 0.35% were African American, 0.12% were Native American, 0.12% were Pacific Islander, and 1.17% were from two or more races. 0.35% of the people were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
Education
Frankfort is a part of USD 380 Vermilion.
The Frankfort Wildcats won the Kansas State High School boys basketball class 2A championship in 1973 and the class 1A DII championship in 2012. Frankfort football teams have won state titles in 1983 in Class 1A, as well as 1996 in Class 2-1A. Both teams were coached by Larry Schroeder; he is a member of the KSHSAA Hall of Fame. Frankfort also won the 1A volleyball state championship in both 1986 and 2009.
Celso Piña
Celso Piña (April 6, 1953 – August 21, 2019) was a Mexican singer-songwriter, composer, arranger, and accordionist. He was born Monterrey, Nuevo León. His most popular songs include, La quebradita de la paz, El tren, Como el viento and La piragua by José Barros. He was featured in the song Sufran con lo que yo gozo along with Mexican singer Gloria Trevi.
Debra Maffett
Debra Sue Maffett was the Miss America winner in 1983. She crowned the first black Miss America, Vanessa Williams, in 1984.
Celso Piña
On August 21, 2019, Piña died from a heart attack in Monterrey at the age of 66.
Maxim (musician)
Keith Palmer (born 21 March 1967), better known by his stage name Maxim (formerly Maxim Reality), is a British musician. He is known for being a vocalist of the electronic music band the Prodigy. His first solo album, Hell's Kitchen, was released in 2000.
Maxim was born in Peterborough. His parents are Jamaican.
Pennsylvania Cyber Charter School
Students from Pennsylvania in grades Prekindergarten-12 can attend PA Cyber for free. Students can have classes that are self-paced and classes that are "virtual" where the student participates in a "online classroom".
Office of the United States Trade Representative
The Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) is the United States government agency responsible for developing and recommending United States trade policy to the President of the United States.
It makes trade negotiations at bilateral and multilateral levels, and coordinating trade policy within the government through the interagency Trade Policy Staff Committee (TPSC) and Trade Policy Review Group (TPRG).
2006 in movies
The following is an overview of events in 2006, including the highest-grossing movies, award ceremonies and festivals, a list of movies released and notable deaths.
Highest-grossing movies
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest became the third movie in cinema history to gross over $1 billion and is the 24th highest-grossing movie of all time.
Colombia
Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a tropical equatorial country in northern South America. It is in the northwest part of the continent, and it has an area of 1,141,748 kilometres² (440,839 sq mi).
It is the only South American country with coasts on the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea.
The countries that have borders on the continent with Colombia are: Venezuela (east), Brazil (southeast), Peru (south), Ecuador (southwest) and Panama (west). The countries that have borders with Colombia on the sea are: Nicaragua, Panama, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Haiti and Dominican Republic.
More than 51 million people live in Colombia. It is the third most populated country in Latin America after Mexico and Brazil.
Bernice King
Bernice Albertine King (born March 28, 1963) is an American minister. She is the youngest child of the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. and civil rights activist Coretta Scott King.
Colombia
The capital of Colombia is Bogotá. The second city is Medellín, a large industrial center. The third largest city is Cali, home to many multinational companies. The most important city of the country on the Caribbean coast is Barranquilla. It was also the first national port. Cartagena de Indias has a great Spanish wall from the 17th Century and an old town with 500-year-old buildings. After these cities comes Bucaramanga, a large city near the Venezuelan border, and the center of the textile industry in Colombia.
Meaning
The word "Colombia" is named after Christopher Columbus, the explorer who began the European colonization of the Americas.
Bernice King
King was five years old when her father was killed. She works for nonviolence.
Colombia
Meaning
In 1819, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador and Panama declared independence from Spain, and formed a country called "Gran Colombia". Venezuela and Ecuador separated in 1830. Panama continued to be part of Colombia until 1903, at which point it proclaimed independence. The official language is Spanish, but there are many languages spoken by minorities that are official in local jurisdictions.
Bernice King
King was born in Atlanta, Georgia.
Colombia
The colony
The Spanish, led by Christopher Columbus, first came to the Americas in 1492. Columbus saw the coasts of Venezuela, Colombia and Panama and he gave them his own name. But Alonso de Ojeda was the first colonist to explore the area of the Gulf of Darién. After that, the Spanish founded the first European cities on the American continent: Santa Marta in 1525 and Cartagena de Indias in 1533. It was from Colombia that the Spanish conquered the Incas of Peru.
Spain would enslave the indigenous peoples who were already living there, but they also used the port they built at Cartagena to bring many black slaves from Africa into the area. The Spanish captured many, many people from Africa and forced them to work on plantations and ranches, in mines, and as personal servants.
While this was happening, they founded the city of Popayán in 1536 and they conquered the Confederation of the Muiscas. In Bacatá, the capital of the Muiscas, the Spanish founded the city of Santa Fe in 1538. In 1550 the Spanish declared the territory as a colony and its capital was Santa Fe de Bogotá, but in the first decades it depended on Peru. Soon after, it was declared a Viceroyalty.
Independence
On November 11, 1810, the city of Cartagena de Indias declared its independence from Spain. The whole region would fight a war to become independent, led by people like Antonio Nariño and Simón Bolívar. Nariño was one of the most important leaders in the war for the independence of Colombia. He was a politician, journalist and soldier. Bolivar was another important leader, and he was a president and a colonel. Bolivar had promised Alexandre Pétion, the president of Haiti, that he would abolish slavery during his independence war. But he only agreed because he was afraid the slaves would revolt against the slaveowners, like they did in Haiti, and only freed slaves if they agreed to fight in his army. He never freed all the slaves, and slavery was not abolished in Colombia until 1851.
Geography
The geography of Colombia has six main natural regions, Each has its own unique characteristics. The Andes mountain region shares borders with Ecuador and Venezuela. The Pacific Coast region shares borders with Panama and Ecuador. The Caribbean coastal region shares borders with Venezuela and Panama. The Llanos (plains) shares a border with Venezuela. The Amazon Rainforest region shares a border with Venezuela, Brazil, Peru and Ecuador. The insular region includes all the islands of the country.
The main rivers of Colombia are Magdalena, Cauca, Guaviare, Atrato, Meta, Putumayo and Caquetá. Colombia has four main drainage systems: the Pacific drain, the Caribbean drain, the Orinoco Basin and the Amazon Basin.
Most of the population lives in the Andes region. But the plains make over half the land. Only about 6% of the people live in the plains. The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountain range includes the country's tallest peaks (Pico Cristóbal Colón and Pico Simón Bolívar).
Climate
Colombia's temperature changes with the altitude, and the temperature is different by region. The regions around the Andes are colder than the coast, which is lower.
Because of the many altitudes, Colombia has many different fruits, vegetables and kinds of animals. It has many valleys, beaches, plains, mountains and forests like the Amazon rainforest.
The top of some of the mountains in Colombia are so cold that people can ski over the equator. The lower mountains have warmer climates. The sea shores are cooled by ocean breezes. At sea level near the equator it is hot.
Rivers are important as waterways in the land for shipping things. One of the most important rivers in Colombia is the Magdalena-Cauca. The Magdelena River divides the eastern and center mountains. It makes a fertile valley. The Cauca River divides the center mountain range and the western ridge, making another great valley. The Cauca is really a part of the Magdalena. However, the two do not meet until a few miles before the Magdalena goes into the Caribbean Sea.
Biodiversity
Colombia is a megadiverse country. This means the country is home to a majority of Earth's species. There are also a high number of endemic species.
Colombia has 1,900 species of bird, more than any other country. There are about 2,000 species of marine fish. It is the second most diverse country in freshwater fish. As for plants, the country has between 40,000 and 45,000 species. Colombia is second in the number of amphibian species and is the third most diverse country in reptiles. There are about 2,900 species of mollusk.
Politics
In May 2006, President Álvaro Uribe was re-elected. His term lasted until 2010. Uribe was the first President in Colombia to win a second election in over 100 years.
In August 2010, Juan Manuel Santos became Colombia's president. Santos won the election on June 20 by a landslide. He promised to "preside over a government of national unity that will bring social prosperity for all Colombians"
The actual president is Gustavo Petro, former senator and guerrilla in M-19 who won with 11 million votes and the second place was Rodolfo Hernandez, a polemic former mayor and entrepreneur.
Departments
Colombia is divided into 32 departments and one capital district. The capital district is treated as a department. Departments are divided into municipalities. Municipalities are divided into corregimientos. Each department has a local government with a governor and assembly directly elected to four-year terms. Each municipality is headed by a mayor and council. Each corregimiento by an elected corregidor, or local leader.
Demographics
The population of Colombia was approximately 47 million as of 2016. The ethnic groups of the population are:
Economy
Up to 49.6% of the population is living below the poverty line.
Transport
Most parts of Colombia are modern and the country has many roads. All major Colombian cities have airports and there are many ports on both oceans (Pacific and Atlantic). Because Colombia is a huge country and there are many mountains, airports are very important in the country. There are some regions like the Amazon Forest and Dariend, where the most important way of transportation is by the rivers.
Cities
Colombia also has some very well known cities.
Science
Colombia has made many advances in medicine. Many foreigners come to the country to get health services, such as organ transplants or plastic surgery. Doctor Manuel Elkin Patarroyo of Colombia discovered a medicine against malaria. He donated his discovery to be used in Africa and Latin America. He did not want to make business of it, instead he wanted to use it to help people.
Resources
Colombia is known for its coffee, coal, and emeralds. It is also the biggest supplier of plantains to the United States. There are a few armed conflicts in Colombia. Most rebel groups finance their operations with the trade of illegal drugs (mostly cocaine).
Chianocco
Chianocco is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont.
Maurice Blanchard Cohill Jr.
Maurice Blanchard Cohill Jr. (November 26, 1929 – January 1, 2022) was an American politician and lawyer. He was the United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania from 1976 until his death in 2022. Between 1985 and 1992, he was Chief Judge of that court. Cohill Jr. was nominated by President Gerald Ford.
Cohill Jr. was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He studied at Princeton University and at the University of Pittsburgh. Cohill Jr. died on January 1, 2022 in Pittsburgh from stroke-related problems, aged 92.
Flicky
Flicky is a platform video game made and published by Sega in 1984.
Yellow-billed magpie
The yellow-billed magpie (Pica nuttalli) is a species of magpie, a type of songbird. It is a medium-sized member of the crow family with glossy black and white plumage and a yellow beak. The yellow-billed magpie lives only in California where it can be found in dry and warm oak savannah and shady valleys along the Central Valley. It is an omnivorous species: Insects and seeds are its main food, but it also takes carrion, small vertebrates and eggs. The breeding season of the yellow-billed magpie starts in April and it takes until the end of June for all chicks to fledge. The birds breed in loose colonies of 3−30 nests and they feed in flocks of several dozens.
John James Audubon was the first person to formally describe the yellow-billed magpie. He named it "Corvus nuttalli" to honor the naturalist Thomas Nuttall. Within the genus Pica, the species is closest to the North American black-billed magpie (P. hudsonia). Both species share a common ancestor that migrated from Kamtchatka to Alaska some time in the Pleistocene. Black-billed and yellow-billed magpie diverged as a result of the glaciation of the Rocky Mountains. The yellow-billed yagpie became isolated in the warm climate of California and adapted to it. The species' population was hit hard by the outbreak of the West Nile Virus after 1999. It is currently not considered as endangered, but the virus and the degradation of its habitat pose a serious threat to some populations.
Chiaverano
Chiaverano is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont.
Chiomonte
Chiomonte is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont.
Bill Brock
William Emerson "Bill" Brock III (November 23, 1930 – March 25, 2021) was a Republican United States senator from Tennessee, having served from 1971 to 1977. Upon the election of Ronald Reagan as U.S. president, Brock was appointed U.S. Trade Representative, a position he had until 1985 when he was made Secretary of Labor.
Dexter King
Dexter Scott King (born January 30, 1961) is an American civil rights activist. He is the son of activists Coretta Scott King and Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.. He is the brother of Martin Luther King III, Bernice King and Yolanda Denise King.
King was born in Atlanta, Georgia. He was named for Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama.
King was seven years old when his father was murdered.
List of presidents of the United States
This list includes all people who have been sworn as President of the United States.
References
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List of cities in Venezuela
This is a list of cities, towns and communities in Venezuela. Capitals of states are marked with a *.
Carlos Andrés Pérez
Carlos Andrés Pérez Rodríguez (October 27, 1922 – December 25, 2010) was a president of Venezuela. He was born in 1922, served twice as president in the early 1990s, and died in 2010.
Biography
Pérez was born on 27 October 1922 in Rubio, Venezuela. He went to school in Caracas, where he studied law. In 1948, he married Blanca Rodríguez, one of his cousins. During the same year, because he opposed a coup d'état, he was put in prison, but got out and left Venezuela. In 1958, Venezuala became a democracy, and Pérez became a part of the government led by Rómulo Betancourt.
In 1973, Pérez became president of Venezuala. He left office in 1979, and soon after, Venezuala's economy went through a low period. In 1989, Pérez became president again. Soon after, he made government spending much smaller and made prices of goods like gasoline higher. There were many riots because of this.
In 1992, there were two coups that tried but failed to remove Pérez from being president. In 1993, though, he was impeached because he was thought to have paid for bodyguards for Violeta Chamorro, who was a former president of Nicaragua. He went to prison after this for ten weeks. After prison he was put in house arrest for two years.
After Hugo Chávez became president of Venezuala in 1998, Pérez went to the Dominican Republic. In 2003, he moved again, this time to the United States. While he was in the US, people in Venezuala tried to force him to return because he was wanted in connection with the riots his laws caused in 1989. He also married Cecilia Matos during this time.
He died on 25 December 2010 in Miami at the age of 88. María Francia Pérez, his daughter, said that he had died of a heart attack.
Joseph A. O'Hare
Joseph Aloysius O'Hare (February 12, 1931 – March 29, 2020) was a Jesuit priest, civic leader, educator and editor. He was president of Fordham University from 1984 to 2003. He was born in The Bronx, New York. O'Hare was associate editor of the Catholic weekly America from 1972 to 1975 and was editor in chief from 1975 to 1984.
O'Hare died on March 29, 2020 at a retirement home in The Bronx of liver cancer-related problems, aged 89.
Scottie Upshall
Scott "Scottie" Upshall (born October 7, 1983 in Fort McMurray, Alberta) is a former Canadian professional ice hockey right winger for the Arizona Coyotes. He also played for the St. Louis Blues, FLorida Panthers, Columbus Blue Jackets, and Nashville PredatorsHe was picked by the Nashville Predators with the sixth overall pick in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft. He played in the WHL with the Kamloops Blazers. Upshall has also played with the Nashville Predators for 4 seasons and the Philadelphia Flyers for 3 seasons before being traded to the Phoenix Coyotes on March 4, 2009 for Daniel Carcillo.
Other websites
Scottie Upshall's NHL Player Page
Charles Njonjo
Charles Mugane Njonjo (23 January 1920 – 2 January 2022) was a Kenyan lawyer and politician. He was the Attorney General of Kenya from 1963 to 1979. He later was the Minister of Constitutional Affairs from 1978 until 1982. Njonjo was also a member of the National Assembly from 1980 to 1983. He was born in Kiambu County, Kenya.
Njonjo turned 100 in January 2020. He died on 2 January 2022 in Nairobi, Kenya from pneumonia at the age of 101.
Gasherbrum II
Gasherbrum II is a 8035 m mountain in the Karakoram range, in China and Pakistan. It is also known as K4. It is the 13th highest mountain in the world. The first people to reach the top were Fritz Moravec, Josef Larch, and Hans Willenpart, in 1956.
Kupang
The city is in West Timor on the island of Timor, and had a population estimated in 2012 at 450,000. It is surrounded by (but is separate from) the regency of Kupang, which had a population estimated in 2009 at 394,173. It is the biggest city and port on the island of Timor.
Kupang's economy is mainly based on its cement industry and the export and import of goods from its busy port. The airport of Kupang El Tari (IATA-Code: KOE), is approximately 8 km from the city center to the east. As capital of East Nusa Tenggara, the transport and administrative links from Kupang with isolated islands are extensive.
History
The location was an important port and trading point during the Portuguese and Dutch colonial eras. There are ruins and remnant signs of the colonial presence in the city.
The city was an important landing and refueling place for early long distance airplane flights between Europe and Australia in the early twentieth century. It was an important location during the conflict in East Timor, for the Indonesian military, as well as the militias. The camps around Kupang were also of significant impact on the city.
In 1962, the University of Nusa Cendana was established, and the city became important both in the field of education and also economically.
William Bligh
Kupang was the final destination of William Bligh who was set adrift in an open boat during the Mutiny on the Bounty (1789). The Mutiny on the Bounty took place about 30 nautical miles (56 km) from Tofua. Lt William Bligh navigated the overcrowded 23 foot (7 m) open launch on an epic 41-day voyage first to Tofua and then to the West Timor city of Kupang equipped only with a sextant and a pocket watch— no charts or compass. He recorded the distance as 3,618 nautical miles (6710 km). He passed through the difficult Torres Strait along the way and landed on June 14. The only casualty of his voyage was a crewman named John Norton who was stoned to death by the natives of Tofua, the first island they tried to land on.
William and Mary Bryant
News of the journey of Captain Bligh inspired the escape of a party of convicts from the penal colony at Sydney Cove, Australia. A group of nine convicts and two children, led by William Bryant, stole a small uncovered government boat and escaped from Port Jackson, Australia. Ten weeks later, they arrived at Kupang, having covered 3254 nmi, a feat as remarkable as Blighs, given that only three members of the group had any sailing experience.
Sailing
Kupang is the first port of call for yachts in the annual Sail Indonesia rally which starts in Darwin, Australia towards the end of July each year. In 2006 about 100 yachts from around the world took part in the rally. From Kupang yachts head north to Alor and then stop at various ports in Indonesia over a period of about three months ending up in Singapore.
Sister cities
Kupang has a sister city relationship with: