cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Gregorian calendar
Japan
Japan adopted the Gregorian calendar's way of working out leap years on January 1, 1873, but the months have numbers instead of names. Japan also starts year one with each new reign, but uses reign names not the name an emperor might be best known by in the west. For example, the reign names Meiji year 1=1868, Taisho 1=1912, Showa (Emperor Hirohito) 1=1926, Heisei (Emperor Akihito) 1=1989, and so on. The "Western calendar" (西暦, seireki) using western year numbers, is also widely accepted by civilians and to a lesser extent by government agencies.
Solly Drake
Solomon Louis Drake (October 23, 1930 – August 18, 2021) was an American professional baseball outfielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago Cubs, Los Angeles Dodgers, and Philadelphia Phillies. His career lasted from 1956 until 1959. Drake and his brother, Sammy, were the first African-American siblings to play in the big leagues. Drake was born in Little Rock, Arkansas.
Gregorian calendar
Old Style and New Style dates
Some old dates in Britain were written and documented with two different years. This is because Britain did not start a new year until March 25, so for a few months it was one year in Britain and the next year in other countries.
Solly Drake
Drake died on August 18, 2021 in Los Angeles, California at the age of 90.
Gregorian calendar
Old Style and New Style dates
The letters OS (for Old Style) and NS (for New Style) were used to help determine the year being used. For example, King Charles I died on January 30, 1649. In "Old Style" it is correct to say that Charles I died January 30, 1648 (OS). Using "New Style", as we determine dates now, the correct date and year would be February 9, 1649.
British Tax
In the old calendar, the year started on March 25, this was the Quarter Day when rents and taxes fell due. This became April 5 which is why the tax year in the United Kingdom begins on April 6.
Timeline
People sometimes use the term N.S. or New Style to mean the Gregorian calendar, with Old Style (or O.S.) meaning the Julian calendar.
Kerman
Kerman is a city in and capital of Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2011 census, 621,374 people lived there.
Heinrich Louis d'Arrest
Heinrich Louis d'Arrest (13 July 1822 – 14 June 1875) was a Prussian astronomer, born in Berlin. His name is sometimes given as Heinrich Ludwig d'Arrest. He died in Copenhagen, Denmark.
Sea plane
A sea plane is a fixed-wing vehicle that can take off to the sky or water.
Rashomon
Rashomon (羅生門) is a Japanese movie directed by Akira Kurosawa and released in 1950.
Plot
The fictional plot is set in Japan in the Heian period. There is a murder and rape in a forest: these things happen to different characters. The movie is famous for having an unusual type of story. The same event is described differently by the four different people involved in it. Most movies describe the same things in one way during the entire movie. The four people said different things. The movie does not say which person is right.
Similar movies
The 1964 movie The Outrage was a remake of Rashomon. Kurosawa was acknowledged for the screenplay. The movie's concept is also mirrored in many other movies, including Hero, Vantage Point, Courage Under Fire and Basic.
Philippe Pottier
Philippe Pottier (9 July 1938 – 22 September 1985) was a Swiss footballer. He played as a midfielder. He played for club sides La Chaux-de-Fonds, Stade Français, Angers, Servette and Étoile Carouge. He played 16 games for the national team. He played for Switzerland at the 1962 FIFA World Cup. He was born in Monthey.
Pottier died on 22 September 1985, at the age of 47.
KFC Uerdingen 05
History
The club was founded on 17 November 1905 as FC Uerdingen 05. In 1953 it merged with 1983 and 1995. In 1985 they won the German Cup. The next year they reached the semifinals of the UEFA Cup winners cup. In 1988 they won the German Indoor Cup. In 1995 they lost their main sponsor the Bayer AG and had financial problems. They were relegated the next years to the Regionalliga Nord (3rd division). Because they got no licence they were relegated to Oberliga Nordrhein (4th division) At the moment they play in the NRW-Liga.
Honours
German Cup: 1985
Kiwano
Kiwano (Cucumis metuliferus), also known as horned melon, is a sweet tropical fruit. It is an annual vine in the cucumber and melon family, Cucurbitaceae. It is also called "horned melon" since its fruit has horn-like spines. Ripe fruit has orange skin and lime green, jelly-like flesh. Kiwano is native to Sub-Saharan Africa. It is now grown in the United States, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Chile, Australia, and New Zealand.
KFC Uerdingen 05
Honours
UEFA Intertoto Cup: 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992
European Cup Winners' Cup: Semi-finals 1986
Hidden-ear frog
The hidden-ear frog or earless water-holding frog (Ranoidea cryptotis) is a frog from Australia. It lives in the Kimberly region in the Ord and Fitzroy Valleys. It lives in Western Australia and small parts of Queensland and the Northern Territory.
The adult male frog is 3.4 to 4.6 cm long. The adult female frog is 3.6 to 4.8 cm long. This frog has a round body and a small head. It does not have any webbing on its front feet. This frog can be gray or brown. Adult frogs can have a mottled pattern. It has five stripes running across its body from the sides. They can be bright orange in color.
Yasakatome
Yasaka Tome no Kami (八坂刀売神) is a Shinto goddess.
She is considered to be the concubine of Takeminakata no Kami, the enshrined deity of Suwa Taisha Shrine, and is enshrined at Suwa Taisha Shitasha and Suwa Shrines in various places. She is not found in the Kojiki or the Nihonshoki, and is thought to be a unique god associated with Suwa.
Although the name of Yasaka Tome no Kami is unknown, one theory suggests that 'Yasaka' is similar to 'Iyasaka,' and her divine name is thought to mean 'an increasingly prosperous woman' (Tome).
There are different ideas about where Yasaka Tome no Kami came from because she is a goddess that is not mentioned in the ancient texts "Kojiki" or "Nihonshoki," and we only have incomplete stories about her.
There are different theories about Yasaka Tome no Kami's origin. One theory suggests that she was from the Azumi clan. According to the legend of Kawai-jinja Shrine in Kitaazumi-gun, she is believed to be the daughter of Watatsumi no Mikoto and the younger sister of Hotakami. Another theory proposes that she is the daughter of Amayasakahiko no Mikoto, who descended from heaven following Nigihayahi no Mikoto. However, this theory is based on the name of the same god in the Edo period and may not have strong historical evidence
There is a legend that Omiwatari (cracks that form in the ice on Lake Suwa) are formed when Takeminakata no kami, the god enshrined at kami sha (southern shrine building in Suwa taisha Shrine) visits shimo sha (northern shrine building in Suwa taisha Shrine) enshrining Yasakatome no kami.
It is said that her father was Amenoyasakahiko no mikoto and that Yasakairihime no mikoto was her younger sister. Another folkloric myth says that Yasakatome no kami was a daughter of Watatsumi and a younger sister of Hotakami no mikoto.
Olin J. Eggen
Olin Jeuck Eggen (July 9, 1919 – October 2, 1998) was an American astronomer. Some sources incorrectly give his name as Olin Jenck Eggen.
Fat feminism
Fat feminism is a version of feminism mixed with fat activism. Fat-positive feminists promote the acceptance of women of all sizes. Fat feminism began in second-wave feminism. The field is growing within third-wave feminism.
According to one survey, 56 percent of overweight women are disrespected by their doctors. Forty-six percent say doctors are uncomfortable with the women's weight. This is probably because there is a well-known connection between excessive weight and length of life.
Fat feminists contest the belief one cannot be overweight and fit at the same time.
The movement began in the late 1960s. It has become more popular over the years.
List of cabinets of the Netherlands
This is a list of Dutch cabinets after World War II.
1780
1780 was a leap year.
Lynn Morley Martin
Lynn Morley Martin (born Judith Lynn Morley; December 26, 1939) is an American politician and businesswoman. She is a Republican. She was the United States Secretary of Labor from 1991 to 1993. She also served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's 16th congressional district from 1981 to 1991.
Martin was born in Evanston, Illinois. She had two children with her first husband John Martin. In 1987, she married judge Harry Leinenweber.
Audi Cup
The Audi Cup is a two-day football tournament. It happens at the Allianz Arena in Munich, Germany. The first edition of the Audi Cup was won by Bayern Munich. The 2019 champions are Tottenham Hotspur. Bayern Munich has won the tournament the most times. Since Bayern is the host of this competition, they are the permanent participant in the Audi Cup, while three other teams are chosen based on their strength.
History
The Audi Cup was created in 2009 to remember Audi's 100th year of trading and the hosts, Bayern Munich, won the tournament. It replaced the Franz Beckenbauer Cup for the year.
Charles Antenen
Charles  "Kiki" Antenen (3 November 1929 – 20 May 2000) was a Swiss footballer. He played as a forward. He played for La Chaux-de-Fonds, winning three Swiss league titles and six Swiss Cups. He also played one season for Lausanne Sports in 1952–1953. He was in the Switzerland squad at the 1950, 1954 and 1962 FIFA World Cups. He was born in La Chaux-de-Fonds.
Progressivism
The idea of progress is the belief that human society gets better and better over time. Progressivism is a kind of politics based on social progress. It is also a. Progress started being supported by many philosophers in the Age of Enlightenment. They believed that new inventions and scientific discoveries would make people's lives better.
Charles Antenen
Antenen died on 20 May 2000 in Les Bayards, at the age of 70.
Progressivism
Progressivism often supports reforms and change. It is related to liberalism and egalitarianism.
Politics
Progressive politics generally wants to change government in a new way. Unlike conservatism which wants to keep government similar. It most often refers to a political movement in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, called the Progressive Era. In the United States, these people wanted to change politics, which was at that time run by big business and corrupt political machines. Most of the people who believed in the Progressive Movement were part of the middle class. Some of the leaders of the progressive movement were Theodore Roosevelt, Hiram Johnson, William Howard Taft, Robert M. La Follette, Sr., Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Howard Dean.
Biplane
A biplane is a fixed-wing aircraft that has two fixed wings. The lower wing is often attached to the body of the aircraft and the top wing is raised above. Most early airplanes were biplanes because they have a stronger structure than a monoplane. When engineer s found how to makes strong monoplanes, biplanes became rare because they produce more drag.
Famous biplanes include the Polikarpov Po-2, Sopwith Camel, Avro Tutor, Antonov An-2, Beechcraft Staggerwing, Boeing Stearman, Bristol Bulldog, Curtiss JN-4, de Havilland Tiger Moth, Fairey Swordfish, Hawker Hart, Pitts Special and the Wright Flyer. The Stearman is particularly associated with stunt flying with wing-walkers.
Paraglider
A paraglider is a free-flying, foot-launched aircraft. In mountain areas, pilots usually take off from great height to fly down to the valley. In flat areas, a winch is used to tow the paraglider to a height of up to 400 meters before it is released. It is also possible to soar on the coast in laminar sea breeze. Some more advanced pilots also launch from hot air balloons or helicopters.
Joe Namath
Joseph William Namath (born May 31 1943, Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania), also known as Broadway Joe, is a former American football quarterback. He is most famous for playing for the New York Jets and winning one Super Bowl with them.
Culture jamming
Culture jamming is a tactic by consumer social movements to either disrupt or subvert mainstream cultural institutions. It is also intended to expose dubious or substandard political thoughts on commercial culture. The tactics of culture jamming include refiguring fashion statements, product image and logos as means to challenge ideas about what is cool.
The term "culture jamming" was first used around 1984.
Sammy Drake
After his baseball career ended, he became a government employee for the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development and a Sunday school teacher for his brother's church.
Drake died from cancer at age 75 on January 27, 2010 in Los Angeles, California.
Cytokine storm
A cytokine storm is an overreaction of the body's immune system. It can be deadly. It consists of a positive feedback loop between cytokines and immune cells.
1245
1245 was a common year.
Cytokine storm
It is believed that cytokine storms were responsible for many of the deaths during the 1918 influenza pandemic, which killed a disproportionate number of young adults. In this case, a healthy immune system may have been a liability rather than an asset. Preliminary research results from Hong Kong also suggest this as the probable reason for many deaths during the SARS epidemic in 2003. Human deaths from the bird flu H5N1 usually involve cytokine storms as well.
Aunjanue Ellis
Aunjanue L. Ellis (born February 21, 1969) is an American actress.
Ellis is best known for her roles in movies Men of Honor (2000), The Caveman's Valentine (2001), Undercover Brother (2002), Ray (2004), The Express: The Ernie Davis Story (2008), The Taking of Pelham 123 (2009) and The Help (2011).
Oyamakui no Kami
Oyamakuhi no kami is a Japanese deity. He is worshipped at Hiyoshi Taisha.
He is the son of Toshigami.
Mythical narrative
Oyamakui is recorded in Kojiki, written in the 8th century AD, which states that this god resides at Mount Hiei, which is located immediately to the east of Hiyoshi Taisha. This kami was relocated from the summit of the mountain to its present location in the seventh year of the reign of the semi-legendary Emperor Sujin, or 90 BC per the traditional calendar.
SWMRS
SWMRS are an American punk rock band formed in Piedmont, California in 2004 by Cole Becker and Joey Armstrong, with Becker's brother Max Becker joining only a few weeks afterwards.
Saúl Rivero
Saúl Lorenzo Rivero Rocha (23 July 1954 – 2 July 2022) was a Uruguayan football player and manager. He played as a midfielder. Rivero made nine appearances for the Uruguay national team from 1974 to 1976.
Domain
Domain can mean:
Len Brown
Len Brown (born October 1, 1956 ) was the 1st mayor of Auckland in New Zealand and a lawyer. He was elected mayor of Manukau in October 2007, the second time he ran for that office. He won the 2010 Auckland mayoral election on 9 October 2010 and was sworn in as mayor of Auckland on 1 November 2010. His term ended in 2016.
Early years
He was born in Taumarunui, and his family moved to Otara in Auckland when he was seven years old. He attended Mayfield Primary School, Papatoetoe Intermediate School and De La Salle College. He has fond memories of his early life, saying "they were generous, generous days". His life growing up has been described as centred on family, church, school and community, while parents Tom and Ngaire were described as strong believers in social equity and social justice as well as active in the community life. While he did not grow up in Auckland, his family often travelled to see relatives there, because his parents had moved to Taumarunui from South Auckland.
Political career
He was first elected to the Manukau City council in 1992, and continued as councillor until 2004 when he did not run for re-election. He was also the chairperson of the Counties Manukau Health Council from 1998. Brown first ran for mayor of Manukau in 2004, and narrowly lost to long serving mayor Sir Barry Curtis; he lost by fewer than 600 votes. Brown had considered requesting a re-count due to the closeness of the vote, but decided that he had not been close enough to warrant it. Despite his affiliation with the New Zealand Labour Party since age 17, Brown did not run for election in the 2005 General Election, and instead returned to working for Wynyard Wood.
Mayor of Manukau
Brown announced that he was running to be the Mayor of Manukau in 2006. Barry Curtis announced that he would not be running for re-election, and Brown's main opposition were former Olympic runner Dick Quax and radio host Willie Jackson. Brown resigned from Wynard Wood in 2007 to focus on his candidacy full time. In August 2007, both Quax and Brown were polling "neck and neck". Brown's campaign was based on several policies, including; capping rates at the cost of inflation, increasing public transport, and working with youth in the region.
Brown won the election in October 2007 with more than 32,000 votes; his next closest rival Dick Quax had less than 18,000, and the election was jokingly called a 'Lenslide' by some. He was officially sworn in on 26 October 2007 at the Manukau City Council hall.
On 31 May 2008 he suffered a heart attack while at a music awards ceremony, and was admitted to Auckland Hospital. He had a congenital heart problem that had not been diagnosed before. Brown had successful heart bypass surgery two days later and made a full recovery, returning to his duties after a few months. His wife acknowledged that the attack was not stress-related, but rather a family issue, with Len's mother having died from a heart attack at 47.
Gary, Indiana
Gary is a city in the state of Indiana, in the Midwestern United States. Gary is known for its steel mills and for being the birthplace of singer Michael Jackson.
Len Brown
Mayor of Auckland campaign
In August 2009, Brown stated he would run for the mayoralty of the combined Auckland "super-city" in the Auckland mayoral election, 2010. Brown announced his candidacy in front of more than 300 supporters at Sorrento in the Park, One Tree Hill, Maungakiekie. His campaign speech focused on delivering public transport, public ownership of the region's public assets, environmental protection, economic and social development. He won the position by 60,000 votes over main rival candidate, Auckland City mayor John Banks, on 9 October 2010.
Gary, Indiana
The population of Gary is less than 80,000. This is under half what it was in 1960. Industry has been reduced a lot since the 1960s. Most of the city's middle-class and white people moved away. It is now 85% African-American.
Gary has a humid continental climate (Dfa in the Köppen climate classification).
Len Brown
Credit card and expense issues
In June 2010, Brown came under media attention for matters relating to his spending on his council credit card and other council expense claims, which included items of a personal nature like toys, groceries and insect repellent. His later explanations for these purchases were also examined at a council meeting, where Brown repeatedly slapped his face and got emotional. An advisor later explained that Brown's emotional behaviour was caused by his use of a Maori tradition, which Brown said was not true.
Another council expense claim included an $810 dinner at a restaurant, but Brown refused to say who was there. He said that the event was a fundraiser for a local singer for which the Council bought a table, an explanation later supported by the artist.
Private life
Brown is married to Shirley Anne Inglis, and has three children. They live in the Totara Park suburb of Manukau.
Hot air balloon
A hot air balloon is a type of aircraft. It is lifted by heating the air inside the balloon, usually with fire.
Marek Minda
Marek Stanisław Minda (14 February 1950 – 13 August 2021) was a Polish physician and politician. He was born in Starachowice, Poland. In 1993, he was elected to the Senate of Poland as a member of the Labour Union. Minda left office in 1997.
Hot air balloon
Hot air weighs less than the same volume of cold air (it is less dense), which means that hot air will rise up or float when there is cold air around it, just like a bubble of air in a pot of water. The greater the difference between the hot and the cold, the greater the difference in density, and the stronger the balloon will pull up. This means that balloons can carry more weight on a cold day, or if the air inside the balloon is very hot. At higher temperature, the air molecules move faster. This causes the molecules to spread out and therefore hot air is less dense than cooler air.
Marek Minda
Minda died on 13 August 2021 in Łomża, Poland at the age of 71.
Hot air balloon
History
The hot air balloon is the oldest form of flying technology that can successfully carry people. The earliest use of hot air to make objects fly was made in Ancient China. Paper lanterns were sent into the air for signalling.
The first hot air balloon to carry a person was made by the Montgolfier brothers. On 19 September 1783, they demonstrated their invention for King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette at the French court in Paris. The passengers were a sheep, a duck and a rooster. They flew for 480 metres. The first flight carrying a person was on 15 October 1783. It carried Jacques-Etienne Montgolfier. The balloon was attached to the ground by a rope. The first free flight, without being attached to the ground, was a few weeks later, on 21 November 1783. It carried Marquis François d'Arlandes and Pilatre de Rozier.
How it works
The air is made up of molecules. When the air is cold, these molecules are closer together. When the air is hot, they move away from each other. So, in the same space, there are fewer molecules in hot air. Hot air is therefore lighter than cold air. This makes it rise and carry up the balloon when the air inside it is heated. The air is heated in the balloon with a burner, which uses bursts of fire to keep the air hot. The fire is fuelled by propane.
The heated air is kept inside the balloon by its fabric. This is called the "envelope". It is usually made of nylon.
The passengers and the pilot stand in the basket, which is attached to the balloon by ropes. The basket is usually made of wicker. Baskets can come in many sizes. It can have enough places for up to 36 people. It depends the size of the balloon to carry that much weight.
Festivals
A hot air balloon festival is a type of air show. It is where ballooners display and fly their balloons together. During these events, they fly in the morning and in the evening if the conditions allow it. People can enjoy a balloon flight if they pay. There are many activities. Sometimes, the balloons are lit up against the night sky.
At these festivals, people can see different shapes of balloons. Usually, they are kind of round but they may have forms.
David Pearce (boxer)
David "Bomber" Pearce (8 May 1959 – 20 May 2000) was a British professional boxer. He was a heavyweight and cruiserweight. He won the Welsh and British heavyweight boxing titles in September 1983. He won the titles in a bout against Neville Meade. Of his 22 bouts, he won 17 (13 by knockout), lost four and drew once. He retired from boxing due to medical reasons. He was born in Pillgwenlly, Newport, Monmouthshire.
Pearce had epilepsy in his final years. He died of sudden arrhythmic death syndrome on 20 May 2000, at the age of 41.
Batter bread
Batter bread is bread made with a bigger liquid to flour ratio, so the dough is batter. It's very popular in the South.
Mule (footwear)
Mule shoes are shoes that are backless and almost always closed-toed. They can be any heel height (flat to high). The shoes are almost always worn by females. High heeled mule shoes were a popular indoor shoe in the 18th century. By the early twentieth century, the shoes were very often associated with prostitutes. However, in the early 1950s, Marilyn Monroe popularized the shoes and helped to break their poor reputations. Similar shoes, called slides, were introduced in the early 1990s, except that slides are open-toed versions of mules.
Subdomain
A subdomain is the portion shown before a domain name, separated by a dot (.)
For example, a domain might look like this
Whereas the subdomain of this domain might look like this, shown here in bold
Examples
Many sites use sub domains for applications such as email, calendars or different languages, including these examples. Subdomains again shown in bold
Fort Wayne, Indiana
Fort Wayne is a city in the U.S. state of Indiana and the county seat of Allen County. The population was 254,555 as of the 2012 Census estimate making it the 74th largest city in the United States and the second largest in Indiana after Indianapolis. The city is in northeastern Indiana, about 18 mi west of the Ohio border and 50 mi south of the Michigan border.
Under the direction of American Revolutionary War statesman Anthony Wayne, the United States Army built Fort Wayne. It was the last in a series of forts near the Miami tribe village of Kekionga in 1794. Named in Wayne's honor, the settlement established itself as a trading post for European pioneers.
Fort Wayne was known for hosting the first ever nighttime baseball game. In 1982, there was flood that forced 9,000 residents to leave their homes. It damaged 2,000 buildings and caused US$56.1 million in damage. Because of this, President Ronald Reagan visited the city.
The city has been an All-America City Award winner. It won in 1982, 1998, and 2009. It received an Outstanding Achievement City Livability Award by the U.S. Conference of Mayors in 1999.
Dassault Mirage F1
Mirage F1 is a French air superiority and attack aircraft. Its first flight was on 23 December 1966, but it first entered into the French Air Force in 1973. Dassault Aviation has built this turbojet aircraft. Its current important users are France, Iran and Morocco.
Rebeka Dremelj
Rebeka Dremelj (born July 25, 1980 in Brežice, Slovenia) is a Slovenian singer. She competed in the 2008 Eurovision Song Contest.
Slip-on shoe
Slip-on shoes are laceless shoes. The style most commonly seen is called a loafer or slipper, with a moccasin construction. They began appearing in mid 1930s Norway as casual shoes, though they have increased in popularity to the point of being worn with lounge suits. They are worn mostly by women, though men wear the shoes, also.
Anthems of the Soviet Republics
When it existed, the Soviet Union had a national anthem and regional anthems for each of its republics.
Sufism
Sufism (also known as Tassawuf) is a group or branch in Islam with a mystic path or system. Someone who practices Sufism is called a Sufi, and may be a Dervish or a Fakir.
Berlin Observatory
The Berlin Observatory (Berliner Sternwarte in German) has its origins in 1700 when Gottfried Leibniz initiated the Societät der Wissenschaften (Brandenburgische Science Society) which would later (1744) become the Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Prussian Academy of Sciences). The Society had no observatory, but nevertheless had an astronomer, Gottfried Kirch, who observed from a private observatory in Berlin. A first small observatory was furnished in 1711, financing itself through calendrical computations.
John Herschel
Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet (7 March 1792 – 11 May 1871) was an English mathematician, astronomer, chemist, and experimental photographer/inventor. He was the son of astronomer Sir William Herschel and the father of 12 children.
Sufism
Origins
At first, Sufism only meant making Islam more personal and internal. Some say it first came from constantly reciting the Qur'an, meditating, and through experience. Others believe that Sufism is trying to live as the Islamic prophet Muhammad did, to be closer to God. This is how the Prophet taught his disciples. Additionally, the Muslim conquests had brought large numbers of Christian monks and hermits, especially in Syria and Egypt, under Muslim rule. They believed in a deeply spiritual and mystical (even 'Platonic') way of life and many of their ways became part of early Sufism.
Some of these teachings were summarized in texts (in Arabic initially). Important contributions in writing are attributed to Uwais al-Qarni, Harrm bin Hian, Hasan Basri and Sayid ibn al-Mussib, who are regarded as among the first Sufis in the earliest generations of Islam. Harith al-Muhasibi was the first one to write about moral psychology. Rabia Basri was a Sufi known for her love and passion for God, expressed through her poetry. Bayazid Bastami was among the first theorists of Sufism.
Sufism already had a long history when some teachers began to set up formal schools or orders (Tarika or Tariqah) in the early Middle Ages. Almost all existing Sufi orders today trace their roots and chain of transmission (silsila) back to Muhammad, via one of these orders.
Sufi ideas and principles
The main idea in Sufism is that people can have 'personal knowledge' or oneness with God in their lives. In order to be one with God, you have to destroy your idea of yourself, or your ego. This is known as fanaa (annihilation). Apart from saying Sufi prayers, that vary according to different orders, you should be humble, considerate, and only act in order to control your desires.
After fanaa is achieved, the you are reborn to live with, in, through and for God, (baqaa, permanency). This is the state where you have achieved the divine love of God, and come ever closer to a unity with God. You should now strive to be one with God. A person who has crossed the various Sufi 'stages' and achieved this sort of mystic union with Allah, is called a Wali (a saint or friend of God) and the state is termed Wilayat (friendship/union).
Sufic Orders
In Sufism there exist many different orders (tarikas), that were founded from the 12th and 13th centuries until today/contemporary times. Some of the major Sufi orders are:
Notable Sufis
Some of the major, notable Sufis in history, from the 'classical age' of Sufism, include:
Modern practitioners, who have achieved the degree of sheikh (Master/Preceptor) and are accounted to have a high spiritual status, are still found in various places.
Sufism and Islamic orthodoxy
Sufi practices are usually defined within the basic tenets of Islam, the Sharia (or Shariah) although some orders include singing and dancing in the love of God, something some Muslims frown on. Hence some Muslims of a more orthodox mind-set believe that any actions outside the scope of Sharia, or Sufi activities practised by non-Muslims are 'wrong'. However the underlying message and aim of the quest for the love of God is true for all humanity. For a non-Muslim the most important ideas in Sufism are love for fellow human beings (which reflects one's love of God) and living ones life in such a way where all actions are against the self. This automatically starts him on the path of fanaa. In terms of discipleship and training, almost all the major Sufi orders are themselves quite willing to take students who are not Muslims.
There are some Muslim schools of thought, such as the Wahhabi for example, who oppose Sufism because they feel it obliterates the difference between God and man and bypasses the common method of salvation as prescribed by their interpretations of Sharia. Although there are non-Islamic versions of Sufism too (generally defined as 'Universal Sufism') puritanical and rigid people in Islam tend to view them with considerable hatred and anger. As a result, we often see a great deal of misunderstanding and conflict regarding Sufism and Sufic practices.
Historically speaking, orthodox Islam, especially fundamentalist groups like the Wahhabi and Salafi have been the most intolerant and violent against what they think of as 'Deviant Sufism'. In the past centuries, severe persecution has been carried out by them against the Kharijites, the Ismaili Shia cult (sometimes termed the 'Assassins'), the Ahmadiyya movement and several other groups and individuals with Sufi-like mystical tendencies and practices. During the time of the later Mughal Empire in India, even the early gurus of Sikhism were persecuted by orthodox Islamic mullahs (theologians) since they had chosen to incorporate some of the ideas and poetic verses of the Sufi saint Baba Farid into their holy scriptures. In more recent times, over the last two decades, considerable persecution has been made of the spiritual reformer and sage Riaz Ahmed Gohar Shahi and his followers in Pakistan. He was opposed and threatened and forced to flee the country and his books banned there, and anyone publicly supporting him is liable to immediate arrest.
Even proper, formal Sufi orders have suffered persecution for various reasons. In recent times the most notorious example was the outright banning of Sufism in Iran. This happened in spite of the famous Amman Message, a joint declaration made by over 200 of the most noted moderate Islamic scholars in a conference in Amman, Jordan, in 2005, stressing that Sufism is very much 'part' of Islam.
Shabono
A shabono (also xapono, shapono, or yano) is a hut used by the Yanomami indios, who live in southeastern Venezuela and in northern Roraima, Brazil. This hut is used as temporary shelter and is made with palm leaves and wood. Shabonos are built in clear parts of the jungle. Each family unit has a personal area in the shabono.
The Maccabees (band)
The Maccabees are a English indie band based in Brighton. They first came from south London.
Name
The band thought of the name 'The Maccabees' by opening the Bible to a random page. Even though the name has religious meaning, lead singer Orlando Weeks said that none of the band are religious in an interview on Steve Lamacq's BBC Radio 1 show.
History
The Maccabees' debut single, 'X-Ray', was released on the Promise record label on 28 November 2005. It was played a little in the evenings on London radio station Xfm London. The band got very attentiong until six months later, when they released their second single, 'Latchmere'. The song was about the wave machine at the band's local Latchmere Leisure Centre in Battersea, south London. It was released on Fierce Panda Records in April 2006. This song was talked about by Radio 1 DJ Steve Lamacqu and was played on MTV2. The video, directed by Hugh Frost and Samuel Bebbington, also became a hit after it was put on YouTube.
In mid-2006, the music magazine NME wrote favourable things about the band, such as a review of their show at Cafe dé Paris in London. The magazine called the band "the best new band in Britain".
In November 2006 the band toured, or traveled and played, with Fields, ¡Forward, Russia!, and Wolfmother as part of the MTV Two "Brand Spanking New Music" tour. Drummer Robert Dylan Thomas broke his wrist just before the band were due to begin touring, and was replaced by drummer Elliott Andrews. Elliot toured with the band until early 2007, and now plays drums for Kate Nash.
The band are currently signed to Fiction Records, and released their debut album 'Colour It In' in May 2007. Because the album had been leaked, or accidentally put, on the internet, 'Colour It In' became available to download exclusively from iTunes on 17 April before its release on 14 May. The song First Love was the Maccabees' first to chart in the UK top 40. It was followed by 'About Your Dress', which charted at #33. Their next album was released to positive reviews, and charted at #24. They toured the USA with fellow Indie group Bloc Party. A UK tour happened in October 2007, ending in a show at the Roundhouse venue in London, where all the tickets were sold.
During late 2007, Samsung used the song Toothpaste Kisses in advertising for its SGH-G800 mobile phone.
The band is currently writing music for another album.
Band members
The band worked together to write the lyrics. Orlando makes the band's artwork. Guitarist Felix White was once in a band called 'Jack's Basement'with close friend and current solo artist Jack Peñate, but he is not anymore. Felix and Hugo White are brothers, along with Will White, who is the lead singer and guitarist with another band, Talk Taxis.
Sievi
Most people speak Finnish.
Somewhere Out There (An American Tail song)
"Somewhere Out There" is a 1986 song by Linda Ronstadt and James Ingram and was taken from the 1986 movie An American Tail. It went to number 2 in both the United States and Canada, number 8 in the United Kingdom, number 6 in Ireland, number 31 in Australia and number 15 in Sweden. It won 2 Grammy Awards in 1988.
Hachimaki
A hachimaki (鉢巻, "helmet scarf") is a headband with styles that came from Japan. They are usually made from red and white cloth. People wear them to show hard work, or to keep sweat from the eyes.
History
Nobody is sure how hachimaki started. Most people say that Samurai wore them under their helmets for comfort.
Kamikaze pilots wore them before flying to their deaths.
Styles
Hachimaki are normally decorated with words, such as "Nippon Ichi" (日本一, "the best of Japan"), and with the rising sun between the kanji characters.
Christiaan Barnard
Christiaan Neethling Barnard (8 November 1922 – 2 September 2001) was a South African heart surgeon. He was born in Beaufort West, Cape Province, Union of South Africa. He did the first successful heart transplant from human to human. He died of asthma in Paphos, Cyprus. His brother was Marius Barnard.
2014 FIVB Volleyball World Championship
The 2014 Volleyball World Championship was held in Poland from 30 August to 21 September 2014. The tournament featured 24 teams to determine the world champions in men's volleyball. In addition to the host nation Poland, 23 teams qualified for the tournament by means of continental and regional competitions. The matches took place in seven venues across seven Polish cities, with the final being held at Spodek, Katowice.
Edgar Laprade
Edgar Louis "Beaver" Laprade (October 10, 1919 – April 28, 2014) was a Canadian professional ice hockey centre who played for the New York Rangers in the National Hockey League (NHL). He also spent time with the Port Arthur Bearcats of the Thunder Bay Senior Hockey League.
Perito Moreno Glacier
The Perito Moreno Glacier (-50.48333°N, -73.05°W) is a glacier in the southwest of Santa Cruz province, Argentina. It is one of the most important tourist attractions in the Argentine Patagonia.
Edgar Laprade
Born in Mine Centre, Ontario, Edgar was one of Canada's top senior hockey players before joining the NHL. He helped the Bearcats win the 1940 Allan Cup, before joining the Rangers in 1945. While with the Rangers, he would win the 1946 Calder Memorial Trophy and the 1950 Lady Byng Memorial Trophy. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1993.
Perito Moreno Glacier
The 250 km² ice formation, of 30 km in length, is one of 48 glaciers fed by the Southern Patagonian Ice Field in the Andes system shared with Chile. This icefield is the world's third largest reserve of fresh water.
Edgar Laprade
Laprade died at the age of 94 in Thunder Bay, Ontario from natural causes.
Perito Moreno Glacier
The Perito Moreno Glacier is one of only three Patagonian glaciers that are not retreating. Periodically the glacier advances over the L-shaped "Lago Argentino" ("Argentine Lake"). when it reaches the opposite shore, it forms a natural dam which separates the two halves of the lake. With no escape route, the water-level on the Brazo Rico side of the lake can rise by up to 30 meters above the level of the main lake. The enormous pressure produced by this mass of waters finally breaks the ice barrier holding it back, in a spectacular rupture event. This dam/rupture cycle is not regular and it naturally recurs at any frequency between once a year to less than once a decade.
The Perito Moreno glacier, 78 km from El Calafate, was named after the explorer Francisco Moreno, a pioneer who studied the region in the 19th century and played a major role in defending the territory of Argentina in the conflict surrounding the international border dispute with Chile.
Wyalkatchem
Wyalkatchem is a town in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia. At the 2018 census, 498 people lived in the town.
Michael Angerschmid
Michael Angerschmid (born 24 February 1974 in Schärding) is an Austrian football manager. Before his managerial career he was midfielder and defender for SV Ried.
Career
Michael Angerschmid played at SV Ried throughout his career. In total he played 277 games in Austria's highest league for SV Ried, scoring 13 goals. Throughout his player career he played 406 matches for Ried and scored 21 goals. Angerschmid played in the SV Ried squad that won the Austrian Cup in 1998.
Manager
From June 2015 to June 2019 he was assistant coach at LASK Linz under Oliver Glasner. With Glasner he moved in the summer of 2019 as assistant coach to the German Bundesliga club VfL Wolfsburg. 2021 he went together with Glasner to Eintracht Frankfurt.
Goshen, Indiana
Goshen is a city in the state of Indiana, in the United States.
Ostwald process
The Ostwald process is a chemical process for making nitric acid (HNO3). The Ostwald process provides the main raw material for the most common type of fertilizer production. It is closely associated with the Haber process. It is named after Wilhelm Ostwald, who developed the process and patented it in 1902.
Ammonia is converted to nitric acid in two stages.
1) It is oxidized in the presence of platinium as catalyst at about 900 degrees Celsius to form nitric oxide and water.
4 NH3 (g) + 5 O2 (g) → 4 NO (g) + 6 H2O (g)
Pinta
Pinta can mean:
Ostwald process
2) Nitric oxide is oxidized again to form nitrogen dioxide and then it reacts with water to form dilute nitric acid whereas some portion of the nitrogen dioxide is reduce back to nitric oxide.
Bread bowl
A bread bowl is a round loaf of bread which has the top cut off and the middle emptied to create a bowl. They are usually used for chili, and clam chowder. In 1427 an Irish nobleman created a bread bowl filled with soup to impress a British Duke.
A.I. Artificial Intelligence
A.I. Artificial Intelligence, or A.I., is a 2001 American science fiction drama movie directed by Steven Spielberg. The screenplay was by Spielberg based on the 1969 short story "Supertoys Last All Summer Long" by Brian Aldiss.
The movie was produced by Kathleen Kennedy, Spielberg and Bonnie Curtis. It stars Haley Joel Osment, Jude Law, Frances O'Connor, Brendan Gleeson and William Hurt. It is set in a futuristic post-climate change society.
A.I. tells the story of David (Osment), a childlike android uniquely programmed with the ability to love.
Plot
The film takes place in the 22nd century with the effects of climate change changing the world. Henry and Monica are a couple whose child Martin is very sick and remains in a state of motionlessness (suspended animation). The couple acquires David, a robot capable of loving, to replace Martin. Martin gets better and returns. He becomes jealous of David. Martin tries to get David to do dangerous things that may hurt others. At a party, David tries to protect Martin but ends up almost drowning David. David is to be returned and destroyed, but Monica lets David stay in the woods. David wishes to be turned into a real boy by the Blue Fairy. David gets captured by a "Flesh Fair" but gets out, because the people believe he is really human. David travels with Joe. He eventually arrives in New York and meets his creator. He sees that there are other robots like himself and wants to kill himself. He jumps in the ocean and encounters a statue he believes to be the Blue Fairy. Centuries later, humans are extinct, and other species find David and revive him. David wishes to become a boy. Instead, they use the genes of Monica's hair to recreate her so that David can live one more day with her.
Chemnitz Government Region
Chemnitz is one of the three government regions of the Free State of Saxony, Germany, and is found in the south-west of the state.
Uhland, Texas
Uhland is a city in Caldwell and Hays counties in the U.S. state of Texas. There were 386 people living in Uhland as of the year 2006.
Holes (movie)
Holes is a 2003 American adventure comedy-drama movie based on novel Holes. It has Shia LaBeouf in the lead role of Stanley Yelnats. Also in the movie are Sigourney Weaver, Jon Voight, Patricia Arquette, Tim Blake Nelson, Eartha Kitt, Dulé Hill, Rick Fox, and Henry Winkler as Stanley Yelnats III.
The movie was produced by Walden Media and released by Walt Disney Pictures.
Holes made $16,300,155 in its opening weekend. It was #2 at the box office. Number 1 was Anger Management.
United States Senate Committee on the Budget
The United States Senate Committee on the Budget was created by the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974. It is responsible for drafting Congress's annual budget plan and creating an action on the budget for the Federal Government.
The committee has power over the Congressional Budget Office. The committee briefly operated as a special committee from 1919 to 1920 during the 66th Congress, before being made a standing committee in 1974.
Order of the Companions of Honour
The Order of the Companions of Honour is a British award given to citizens of the Commonwealth. It was founded by King George V in 1917, as a reward for outstanding achievements in the arts, literature, music, science, politics, industry or religion.
The order is limited to 65 Companions of Honour. At first 45 members could be from the United Kingdom, 7 from Australia, 2 from New Zealand and 11 from other Commonwealth countries. Foreigners from outside the realm may be added as "honorary members". Membership of the order gives no title, or precedence, but recipients can put the post-nominal letters "CH" after their names.
The insignia of the Order consists of an oval medallion with an oak tree, a shield with the royal arms hanging from one branch, and on the left a mounted knight in armour. The badge's clear blue border bears the motto IN ACTION FAITHFUL AND IN HONOUR CLEAR. Men wear the badge on a ribbon (red with golden border threads) around their necks, and women on a bow at the left shoulder.
Łomża
Łomża, in English known as Lomza, is a city in north-eastern Poland. It is about 150 kilometers (90 miles) to the north-east of Warsaw.
Lined paper
Lined paper is paper with lines printed on it. The lines are commonly parallel to each other, uniformly spaced with a larger space at the top. The horizontal lines are meant to separate lines of hand-written text. Lined paper is thinner than other types of paper
Tretinoin
Tretinoin is the acid form of vitamin A. It is also known as all trans retinoic acid, or ATRA. As a drug, it can be used used for the treatment of acne vulgaris and keratosis pilaris. The medicine goes under several brand names.
Papurana daemeli
For other wood frogs, see Wood frog (disambiguation).