cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
New South Greenland
Opinions and theories
Another inclined to defend Morrell's integrity is the writer Rupert Gould, who included a lengthy essay on New South Greenland in his collection Enigmas, published in 1929. The assumption that the New South Greenland sighting was simply invented by Morrell is dismissed, primarily on the grounds of the very little weight given to the discovery in Morrell's 500-page account. Gould writes: "If Morrell wished to gain an undeserved reputation as an Antarctic explorer, one would think he could have gone a better way about it than to bury his pièces justificatives, after he had forged them, in an undistinguished corner of so bulky a book." In the relatively few pages devoted to the Antarctic, Morrell's account of his discovery is brief and entirely matter-of-fact, crediting it to Captain Johnson two years earlier rather than to himself. Gould also discusses the possibility that what Morrell sighted was indeed the eastern coast of Graham Land, the so-called "Foyn Coast", despite its being 14° further west from position of the New South Greenland sighting. In support, Gould asserts that the peninsula's eastern coast corresponds very closely with the stretch of coastline described by Morrell. This theory supposes that Morrell miscalculated the ship's position, perhaps because he lacked the chronometer necessary for proper navigational observation. In his account Morrell writes that he was "destitute of the various nautical and mathematical instruments", but other parts of his narrative make it clear that the occasional dead reckoning calculation was the exception to the norm. In any circumstances a longitudinal error of 14° is very large, and the additional distance of about 350 mi to the Foyn coast seems too great to have been covered within the ten-day voyage from the South Sandwich Islands, where the ship's position is recorded accurately. Even so, Gould maintains that a "balance of evidence" shows that what Morrell saw was the Foyn coast. Filchner's view that the supposed sighting of New South Greenland could be explained by a mirage is echoed by Simpson-Housley. He suggests that Morrell and his crew saw a superior mirage. One form of superior mirage, sometimes described as a Fata Morgana, distorts distant flat coastlines or ice edges both vertically and horizontally, so they can appear to have tall cliffs and other features such as high mountain peaks and valleys. In his expedition account South, Shackleton gives a description of a Fata Morgana observed on 20 August 1915, coincidentally as his ship Endurance drifted close to the recorded position of New South Greenland: "The distant pack is thrown up into towering barrier-like cliffs, which are reflected in blue lakes and lanes of water at their base. Great white and golden cities of Oriental appearance at close intervals along these cliff-tops indicate distant bergs ... The lines rise and fall, tremble, dissipate, and reappear in an endless transformation scene".
Afterwards
Morrell's four voyages finally ended on 21 August 1831, with his return to New York. He then wrote his Narrative of Four Voyages, which was published the following year. He attempted to resume his seafaring career, seeking employment with the London-based shipping firm of Enderby Brothers, but his reputation had preceded him and he was rejected. Charles Enderby stated publicly that "he had heard so much of him that he did not think fit to enter into any engagement with him." Morrell also sought to join Dumont D'Urville's expedition to the Weddell Sea in 1837, but his services were again declined. He reportedly died in 1839, and is commemorated by Morrell Island, 59°27'S, 27°19'W, an alternative name for Thule Island in the Southern Thule sub-group of the South Sandwich Islands. Robert Johnson, who coined the name New South Greenland, disappeared with his ship in 1826, while investigating the Antarctic waters in the vicinity of what would later be known as the Ross Sea.
Eurocopter EC665 Tiger
The Eurocopter EC665 Tiger is a new generation of attack helicopter built in France and Germany by Eurocopter. At the beginning of 2013, countries using this were Australia, France, Germany, and Spain. The Tiger (Tigre) is a twin-turbine helicopter built in metal. Weapons are rockets, 30mm cannon, and missiles.
France used this helicopter in the Afghanistan war and in 2013 war in Mali against al-Qaeda.
Syracuse
Syracuse might mean:
Becket, Massachusetts
Becket is a town in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. It is part of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,779 at the 2010 census.
Sphingidae
Sphingidae is a family of moths (Lepidoptera), commonly known as hawk moths, sphinx moths and hornworms. It includes about 1,450 species. It is best represented in the tropics but there are species in every region.
They can fly fast, and their wings can be linked by wing coupling. They can hover, and can move from side to side while hovering. This may be to deal with ambush predators that lie in wait in flowers.
Species
There are around 1200 species of hawk moth, classified into around 200 genera. Some of the best known species are:
Hey Duggee
Hey Duggee is a British animated educational preschool television series aimed at two to five year olds. Created by Grant Orchard, it is produced by Studio AKA, in association with BBC Studios (formerly BBC Worldwide). The show is narrated by Alexander Armstrong. The show is with Vip commercials.
The programme is based around The Squirrel Club, an activity club for children. The children take part in all kinds of activities, have adventures and earn badges for their accomplishments. Each episode shows the squirrels complete an activity or adventure relating to a badge, that the squirrels earn at the end of the episodes. There is no set formula for every episode, with many episodes referencing or parodying pop culture.
In the United States, the series airs on Nick Jr. on 11 July 2016.
Production
The programme is animated using the computer program Flash, with a minimalist style using filled shapes with no outlines, and only effects that Flash is capable of, and only the Duggee character regularly uses gradients. For example, if there is a frog character, then it usually bears the appearance of a plain green triangle.
The production team consists of around 16 in-house animators, with six to eight scriptwriters.
Mount Tongariro
Mount Tongariro is an active volcano in the centre of North Island in New Zealand. It has 12 volcanic cones on top of its mountain. It has erupted over 70 times in the last few years. Mount Tongariro is 1978 m tall.
Asclepias fascicularis
Asclepias fascicularis (also known as the narrow-leaf milkweed or Mexican whorled milkweed) is a species of milkweed plant. It belongs in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae. It is native to the western United States. It blooms from June to September. This species is found in dry areas and valleys.
Edge effect
Edge Effect: in Eddy Current is The electromagnetic field produced by an excited test coil extends in all directions from the coil. As test objects geometrical boundaries are approached by the test coil, they are sensed by the coil prior to the coil's arrival at the boundary.
National Space Science Data Center
The National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) is an archive that stores NASA space science mission data. "Space science" means astronomy and astrophysics, solar and space plasma physics, and planetary and lunar science. It also stores space physics mission data. The NSSDC was first established at the Goddard Space Flight Center in 1966.
Territory
A territory (plural: territories, from the word terra, which means 'land') is an area which belongs to a person, organization, institution, animal, nation or state. In international law, a "territory" is an area of land which is outside the borders of a nation, but owned by that nation. Examples are: Puerto Rico as a U.S. territory, or Bermuda as a territory of the UK.
General examples of territories are states controlled by a federated government (such as Germany or the counties of a state within the States of the United States), a unitary state such as France, an occupied territory (land which has been invaded by the military of another country) or a disputed territory (such as Kashmir, which both India and Pakistan believe is theirs).
Sociological imagination
The sociological imagination is seeing the relationship between individual experiences and society. American sociologist C. Wright Mills made this term in his 1959 book The Sociological Imagination. The term is used in introductory sociology textbooks to explain what sociology is and why it is important in daily life. Sociological imagination is the ability to change from one way of looking at the world to another.
The Prince of Tennis
There is an anime series based on this manga. It was directed by Takayuki Hamana and animated by Trans Arts. It was co-produced by Nihon Ad Systems & TV Tokyo. The anime aired across Japan on Animax and TV Tokyo network from October 10, 2001 to March 30, 2005. It had a total of 178 episodes, as well as a movie. In April 2006, an original video animation (OVA) began to be released on DVD. The beginning of the second OVA series was released on June 22, 2007. It was released almost 3 months after the end of the first. The second OVA ended on January 25, 2008. The third and final OVA started on April 25, 2008.
The Prince of Tennis anime came in twenty-seventh place in a survey done by TV Asahi. They also conducted an online web poll, in which The Prince of Tennis placed eighteenth. Almost a year later, in another online poll conducted by TV Asahi the anime came in eighth place.
House of Braganza
The House of Braganza (Portuguese: Casa de Bragança; Portuguese pronunciation: [bɾɐˈɣɐ̃sɐ]), officially the Most Serene House of Braganza (Portuguese: Sereníssima Casa de Bragança), is an important imperial, royal, and noble house (dynasty) of Portuguese origin. It is a branch of the House of Aviz. The House changed from being powerful dukes of Portuguese nobility, to ruling as the monarchs of Portugal and the Algarves, from 1640 to 1910. They were also monarchs of Brazil, from 1815 to 1889. The heir to the Portuguese throne was usually given the title of "Duke of Braganza".
History
The House of Braganza was founded in 1442. This is when Afonso, 8th Count of Barcelos, was made Duke of Braganza. Alfonso (Alfonso I) was an illegitimate son of King João I of Portugal, of the House of Aviz. He was made a duke by his nephew, King Afonso V of Portugal. The feudal dukes quickly collected a fortune in properties, titles, and power. By the mid 1600s, the House was the most powerful in all of Portugal. It was also of the greatest houses of Iberia.
The House of Braganza became the reigning house of Brazil, first, when the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves was created in 1815. The United Kingdom lasted until 1822, when the Brazilian Empire became independent from Portugal. The new Brazilian nation was led by Prince Pedro of Braganza, heir to the Portuguese throne, who ruled as Emperor Pedro I of Brazil, as well as King Pedro IV of Portugal. Until 1835, the Portuguese Braganzas were still in the line of succession to the Brazilian throne. The House was deposed (removed) from the Brazilian throne, in 1889, when Brazil was proclaimed a republic.
The House continued to be the claimant house to the Brazilian throne until 1921. This is when Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil, daughter of Emperor Pedro II of Brazil, died. Her claim passed to her son, Prince Pedro Henrique of Orléans and Braganza. Thus the House of Orléans-Braganza became the claimant house to the former monarchy of Brazil. Pedro Henrique died in 1981. The current claimant is his eldest son, Prince Luiz.
In Portugal, King Carlos I of Portugal was assassinated in 1908. Also killed in the attack was his eldest son. His younger son, Manuel II, became king. When the Portuguese Republic was established, in 1910, King Manuel II and the rest of the Braganzas went into exile.
Theatre of the Absurd
The theater of the absurd is part of the literature of the absurd. In absurdist plays (dramas), in contrast to the logical plays of ordinary dramaturgy, the author conveys to the reader and the viewer his sense of a problem, constantly violating logic, so the viewer, accustomed to ordinary theater, is confused and feels discomfort, which is the goal of "illogical" theater, aimed at getting the viewer to get rid of the patterns in his perception and look at his life in a new way. Supporters of the "logical" theater say that the world in the "theater of the absurd" is presented as a senseless, illogical pile of facts, deeds, words and destinies, but when reading such plays, one can notice that they are made up of a number of quite logical fragments. The logic of the connection of these fragments differs sharply from the logic of the connection of the parts of an "ordinary" play. The principles of "absurdism" were most fully embodied in the dramas "The Bald Singer" (La cantatrice chauve, 1950) by the Romanian-French playwright Eugene Ionesco and "Waiting for Godot" (Waiting for Godot, 1952) by the Irish writer Samuel Beckett.
History
The term "theater of the absurd" first appeared in the works of theater critic Martin Esslin, who wrote a book with that title in 1962. Esslin saw in certain works the artistic embodiment of Albert Camus' philosophy of the meaninglessness of life at its core, which he illustrated in his book The Myth of Sisyphus. It is believed that the theater of the absurd is rooted in the philosophy of Dadaism, poetry from non-existent words and avant-garde art of the 1910-1920s. Despite sharp criticism, the genre gained popularity after the Second World War, which demonstrated the uncertainty and ephemeral nature of human life. The introduced term was also criticized, there were attempts to redefine it as "anti-theater" and "new theater". According to Esslin, the absurdist theatrical movement was based on the productions of four playwrights - Eugène Ionesco, Samuel Beckett, Jean Genet and Arthur Adamov, but he emphasized that each of these authors had his own unique technique that went beyond the term "absurdity". The following group of writers is often distinguished - Tom Stoppard, Friedrich Dürrenmatt, Fernando Arrabal, Harold Pinter, Edward Albee and Jean Tardieu. Eugene Ionesco did not recognize the term "theater of the absurd" and called it "the theater of mockery."
Igor Stravinsky, Alfred Jarry, Luigi Pirandello, Stanislav Vitkevich, Guillaume Apollinaire, surrealists and many others are considered to be the inspirers of the movement.
The “theater of the absurd” (or “new theatre”) movement apparently originated in Paris as an avant-garde phenomenon associated with small theaters in the Latin Quarter, and after some time gained worldwide recognition.
It is believed that the theater of the absurd denies realistic characters, situations and all other relevant theatrical devices. Time and place are uncertain and changeable, even the simplest causal relationships are destroyed. Senseless intrigues, repetitive dialogues and aimless chatter, dramatic inconsistency of actions – everything is subordinated to one goal: to create a fabulous, and maybe even terrible, mood.
Juuka
Juuka, (Juga), is a municipality in North Karelia, Finland. In January 2014, over 5,190 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Juankoski, Kaavi, Kontiolahti, Lieksa, Nurmes, Polvijärvi and Rautavaara.
Villages
Ahmovaara, Halivaara (Hali), Juuka, Kannas, Kajoo, Kuhnusta, Larinsaari, Matara, Nunnanlahti, Paalasmaa, Petrovaara, Pihlajavaara, Polvela, Raholanvaara (Rahola), Timovaara, Tuopanjoki, Vaikko, Vuokko.
Assassination of Julius Caesar
The assassination (murder) of Julius Caesar was the result of a conspiracy by forty Roman senators, the self-styled Liberatores. They were led by Cassius and Brutus.
Attack and death
The senators stabbed Caesar to death in the Theatre of Pompey on the Ides of March, 15 March 44 BC. Caesar was the dictator of the Roman Republic at the time. He had been declared dictator perpetuo (dictator for life) by the Senate. This declaration resulted in many senators fearing that Caesar wanted to overthrow the Senate in favour of a tyranny.
The assassination led to civil war. The Second Triumvirate led to the ascendancy of Caesar's adopted heir Octavian to the position of emperor, and the end of the Republic leading to the Roman Empire. In the end, by murdering Caesar, the Liberators caused the end of the Republic they supported.
Pont-Saint-Martin, Loire-Atlantique
Pont-Saint-Martin is a commune. It is in the Pays de la Loire region in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France.
Pornic
Pornic is a commune. It is in the Pays de la Loire region in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France.
Frank Sullivan (baseball)
Franklin Leal "Frank" Sullivan (January 23, 1930 – January 19, 2016) was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball. He played for the Boston Red Sox (1953-60), Philadelphia Phillies (1961-62) and the Minnesota Twins (1962-63). He was born in Hollywood, California.
Sullivan was named to the American League All-Star team in 1955 and 1956, and was elected to the Boston Red Sox Hall of Fame in 2008.
Sullivan died in Lihue, Hawaii from pneumonia on January 19, 2016 at the age of 85.
Steve Ricchetti
Steven J. Ricchetti is an American political aide and lobbyist. On November 17, 2020 he was hired to be the Counselor to the President under President-elect Joe Biden.
He was Chief of Staff to Vice President Joe Biden during the Obama administration and Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations under President Bill Clinton.
Christine, Princess Imperial of Brazil
Princess Christine of Ligne (born 11 August 1955 at Château de Belœil), is a Princess of Ligne by birth, as the daughter of Antoine, 13th Prince of Ligne, and a Princess of Brazil by marriage to Prince Antônio of Brazil.
Titles
11 August 1955-25 September 1981: Her Highness Princess Christine of Ligne
25 September 1981-15 July 2022: Her Highness Princess Christine of Brazil, Princess of Orleans-Braganza, Princess of Ligne
15 July 2022-present: Her Imperial Highness The Princess Imperial of Brazil
(https://royalty.miraheze.org)
Apatheism
Apatheism (a portmanteau of apathy and theism) is the attitude of apathy towards the existence or non-existence of God(s). It is more of an attitude rather than a belief, claim, or belief system.
An apatheist is someone who is not interested in accepting or rejecting any claims that gods exist or do not exist. The existence of God(s) is not rejected, but may be designated irrelevant.
Scientist and philosopher Ian von Hegner has argued that apatheism is an alternative to positions such as theism, atheism, and agnosticism, with implications that have been overlooked in modern philosophical discussions. Philosopher Trevor Hedberg has called apatheism "uncharted territory in the philosophy of religion."
William O'Dwyer
William O'Dwyer (July 11, 1890 – November 24, 1964) was an American politician. He was the 100th Mayor of New York City. He was mayor from January 1946 to August 1950.
Theological noncognitivism
Theological noncognitivism is the position that religious language – specifically, words such as "God" – and "Allah" – are not coherently defined. It is sometimes considered synonymous with ignosticism and igtheism.
Infantry
Infantry is the branch of a country's army that fights on foot. A member of the infantry is called an infantryman. Infantrymen are also called foot soldiers or footmen. Infantry is different than cavalry because infantry members fight on their own two feet, without vehicles or animals to ride on. Historically, infantrymen were trained to use spears, swords and shields. Modern infantrymen are trained to use many different kinds of weapons, including rifles, grenades, rocket launchers, pistols, sniper rifles, and machine guns. It is one of the most dangerous jobs in any country's military. Since the end of World War II, 81% of Americans killed in battle were infantrymen. This is despite the fact that the infantry made up only about 4% of the US military. The infantry is the backbone of the military and the most important branch of the army.
Asclepias humistrata
Asclepias humistrata (also known as the sandhill milkweed or pinewoods milkweed) is a species of milkweed plant. It belongs in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae. It is native to the southeastern United States. It blooms in early summer. The flowers are pink. It is found in sandy woodlands and sandy hills. Sandhill Milkweed grows well dry soil and sunny places. It grows from 0.3 to 0.9 meters tall (1–3 feet).
Acherontia atropos
Acherontia atropos is the most widely-known of the three species of Death's-head Hawkmoth.
Range and distribution
It is found from northern Africa to the Middle East. It can be found as far north as southern Great Britain. It can also be found on the Canary Islands, Madeira, and the Azores.
Flight period
A. atropos is in its normal range from March to September. However, they will sometimes be seen as early as February and as late as October. They have many broods (a brood is a group of offspring) each year.
Behavior and diet
A. atropos can make a loud cry if it is attacked by predators. It can make this sound by pushing air out of its proboscis (the proboscis is the moth's mouth). If this does not scare the predator away, it will quickly flash its abdomen, showing the yellow spots.
A. atropos is most active from evening to after midnight. It is attracted to lights. It will feed on the nectar of Potato, Tobacco, Sweet William, and Orange blossoms.
Ittireddu
Ittireddu (Itirèddu) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Sassari in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 504 people lived there. Its area is 23.69 km². It is 313 meters above sea level.
Acherontia atropos
Behavior and diet
At night, A. atropos will raid beehives. It will only attack Western honey bee beehives. A. atropos is attacked at the entrance by guard bees. However, A atropos is immune to the bees' venom. The moth also can mimic the bees' scent. A. atropos feeds on the honey. It will break through the honeycombs with its sharp proboscis.
Egg
Female A. Atropos will lay one egg per host plant (the host plant is the plant that the caterpillar feeds on). She will lay them on the underside of the leaves. The egg is green or a gray-blue color. It will turn to a yellowish color just before hatching.
Caterpillar
The newly hatched caterpillar is yellow-green. It has a very long, black horn on the end of the abdomen. After it sheds its skin, it becomes greener. It has yellow stripes on each side of the body. There are many small white and yellow bumps on the body. After it sheds its skin a second time, the yellow stripes have blue or purple edges. The horn is yellow-green, with the bottom part being black. After it sheds its skin for the third time, the caterpillar becomes more yellow. There is a row of black spots along each side of the body. The blue or purple edges on the yellow stripes become thicker. After it sheds its skin for the last time, it becomes even more yellow. All of the colors are brighter. There are no longer any bumps on the body. The horn is now yellow. It points downward. The horn has many little bumps on it. It will reach a length of about 13 cm (5.1 in).
The caterpillars do not move very much. They will only move to find fresh leaves. If a caterpillar is attacked, it will make sounds with its mandibles. They will also bite very hard if attacked.
Chrysalis
The caterpillar will pupate 15 to 40 cm (5.9 to 15.7 in) deep in the ground. The chrysalis is a shiny brown. It is 7.5 to 8 cm (2.9 to 3.1 in) long. If attacked, the chrysalis can move. The chrysalis hibernates. However, A. Atropos will sometimes hibernate as a caterpillar. A. Atropos does not live through the winter in Europe.
Host plants
Here is a list of host plants used by A. atropos:
Pornichet
Pornichet is a commune. It is in the Pays de la Loire region in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France.
Zayed University
Zayed University (جامعة زايد) is a federal university in the United Arab Emirates. The university is named for Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, the country's first leader. There is one campus in Abu Dhabi and one campus in Dubai.
History
Zayed University opened in 1998. It was an Emirati women's university for ten years. In 2008, 200 men started attending the university. The first Abu Dhabi campus was on Delma Street in the city but in 2011, they moved to a new campus in Khalifa B city. The Dubai campus moved to Academic City in 2006.
University leaders
In 2014, Lubna Khalid Al Qasimi became president of the university. In 2015, Marilyn Roberts became acting provost of the university.
Study
Students study all subjects in English at Zayed University. They must score a 5.5 on IELTS or a 1500 on EMSAT exams to enter the colleges. If they do not get those scores, they can enter the Academic Bridge Program (ABP) to improve their English language skills.
The University has six colleges and one language program:
Academic Bridge Program
The ABP is a one year program. It helps students improve their academic English language skills in reading, writing, speaking and Listening. If students succeed at the program, they can enter the colleges at Zayed University to continue their studies.
FreeRice
FreeRice is a non-profit organization that donates rice to the hungry people around the world. Players choose an answer from a multiple-choice question. As the player gets more right answers, they advance in level. The highest level depends on the subject.
Donation
In 2008, FreeRice became economically sufficient to donate 20 grains of rice per answer instead of 10. Unfortunately, the economic landslide of 2009 reduced the grains per answer back down to 10.
Grady Tate
Grady Tate (January 14, 1932 – October 8, 2017) was an American hard bop and soul-jazz drummer and singer. He was born in Durham, North Carolina. He was known with a distinctive baritone voice. In addition to his work as sideman, Tate has released many albums as leader and vocalist as well as lent his voice to a number of songs in the animated Schoolhouse Rock! series.
Judge Judy
Judge Judy is an American streaming Court Show. The series premiered on September 16, 1996, and concluded on July 23, 2021.
Grady Tate
Tate died on October 8, 2017 at his Manhattan, New York home at the age of 85.
Judge Judy
The court show ended with its 25th season. This courtroom program stars former family court judge Judy Sheindlin. Each episode finds Judge Judy presiding over real small-claims cases inside a televised courtroom. Her no-nonsense approach has been unsuccessfully copied by other TV court judges.
Louis Armstrong
Louis Armstrong (August 4, 1901 – July 6, 1971) nicknamed Satchmo or Pops was an American jazz trumpeter and singer from New Orleans, Louisiana. He sang the blues and played the trumpet and the cornet. He was famous in many countries. He was also known for his good singing voice and he also encouraged the style of scat to the jazz world. Armstrong won many awards during his career.
He died of a heart attack on July 6, 1971 in Corona, Queens, New York City.
Bryan Clay
Bryan Ezra Tsumoru Clay (born January 3, 1980) is an American decathlete – the 2008 Olympic gold medalist and 2004 Olympic silver medalist.
Clay was born in Austin, Texas. He was raised in Hawaii.
Isognathus rimosus
The Rimosus Sphinx (Isognathus rimosa) is a moth of the Sphingidae family. It lives in tropical climates from northern Brazil north through Central America, the West Indies and Mexico to southern Arizona.
The wingspan is 70-102 mm.
V. K. Rao
Valluri Kameswara Rao, ICS (15 July 1914 – 27 November 2018) was a former Indian Civil Service officer and former Chief Secretary of Andhra Pradesh. He was the oldest living former officer of the Indian Civil Service. He turned 100 in July 2014.
Rao entered the service of the central government on the Planning Commission of India before returning to Andhra Pradesh and becoming the state's Chief Secretary, the highest-ranking civil servant in a state.
After his retirement, he served as Vigilance Commissioner of Andhra Pradesh from 1974 to 1977, and then as Principal Secretary to the President of India, N. Sanjiva Reddy, from 1981 to 1982.
Rao died in Hyderabad on 27 November 2018 at the age of 104.
Syracuse, New York
Syracuse is sometimes called the "Salt City" because salt mining was once the main industry. Syracuse is named after Syracuse, Sicily, a city on the Itali an island of Sicily.
Frank Buckles
Frank Woodruff Buckles (born Wood Buckles'; 1 February 1901 – 27 February 2011 ) was the last living American veteran who fought in World War I.
Syracuse, New York
Syracuse is home to Syracuse University and many company company offices.
Frank Buckles
Early life and career
Buckles was born in Bethany, Missouri. He enlisted in the U.S. Army at the beginning of America's involvement in World War I in April 1917. Only 16 years old at the time, Buckles was asked by his recruiter to show a birth certificate. Later Buckles said of that event, ''“I was just 16 and didn’t look a day older. I confess to you that I lied to more than one recruiter. I gave them my solemn word that I was 18, but I’d left my birth certificate back home in the family Bible. They’d take one look at me and laugh and tell me to go home before my mother noticed I was gone. Somehow I got the idea that telling an even bigger whopper was the way to go. So I told the next recruiter that I was 21 and darned if he didn’t sign me up on the spot! I enlisted in the Army on the 14th of August 1917."''
Before being accepted into the United States Army, he was turned down by the Marine Corps due to his slight weight.
In 1917, Buckles was sent to Europe on the RMS Carpathia, which had rescued RMS Titanic survivors five years earlier. During the war Buckles served in England and France, driving ambulances and motorcycles for the Army's 1st Fort Riley Casualty Detachment.
After the Armistice in 1918, Buckles escorted prisoners of war back to Germany. Following his discharge in 1919, he attended the dedication of the Liberty Memorial in Kansas City, Missouri, in honor of those Americans who died in World War I. While there, he met General John "Black Jack" Pershing, commander of all U.S. forces in France during the war.
In the 1940s Buckles worked for a shipping company in Manila, Philippines. He was captured by the Japanese in 1942 and spent the next three and a half years in the Los Baños prison camp.
He became malnourished, with a weight below 100 lb, and developed beriberi, yet led his fellow inmates in calisthenics. He was rescued on February 23, 1945.
He died on 27 February 2011 at 110 years old.
George Coyne
George V. Coyne, S.J. (January 19, 1933 – February 11, 2020) was an American Jesuit priest and astronomer. He was Director of the Vatican Observatory from 1978 to 2006 and head of the observatory's research group which is based at the University of Arizona in Tucson, Arizona. He was McDevitt Chair of Religious Philosophy at Le Moyne College in Syracuse, New York from 2012 until his death.
1430s
The 1430s was a decade that began on 1 January 1430 and ended on 31 December 1439.
Ittiri
Ittiri (Ìtiri Cannèdu) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Sassari in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 8,619 people lived there. Its area is 111.46 km². It is 400 meters above sea level.
Manuel Busto
Manuel Busto (1 October 1932 – 9 October 2017) was a French professional racing cyclist. He rode in six editions of the Tour de France. He was born in Cransac, France.
Busto died on 9 October 2017 in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, France at the age of 85.
Hibernation
Hibernation is a time of inactivity. Some endothermic (warm-blooded) animals hibernate, usually during the winter, when food is short. They fall into a sleep-like state. They regulate their metabolism to consume less energy. They lower their body temperature, slow their breathing, and slow other vital functions. During hibernation, the body uses fat for energy, which the animal has gathered in summer and autumn. They hibernate from the end of autumn to the start of winter. Animals try and eat as much as they can to increase the fats in their body.
Mammals like bats, ground squirrels (like marmots), hedgehogs, marsupials and others hibernate.
The phases of sleeping (called torpor) are different for the different animals. Hedgehogs sleep for 1–3 weeks, without waking, The fat dormouse sleeps for 20–33 days, without waking. The winter sleep of bears is not as deep as hibernation.
Football Federation of Macedonia
The Football Federation of Macedonia (Фудбалска Федерација на Македонија / Fudbalska Federacija na Makedonija); ФФМ/FFM, is the main part of football in North Macedonia based in Skopje. It was founded in 1926.
Hibernation
Only mammals hibernate. However, a few birds including hummingbirds do something similar.
Rajputization
Rajputs are a caste in the Indian caste system. They consisted of a mix of various different social groups and different varnas including Shudras and tribals. Rajputization explains the process by which such diverse communities merged into the Rajput community.
Rajputization of Chandelas, Gaharwars, Bundelas and Rathors
The Chandel Rajputs were originally Hinduised Bhars or Gonds or both. When they became powlitically powerful, they became Kshatriyas or Rajputs. The Gaharwars similarly are associated with the Bhars the Bundelas and the northern Rathors are offshoots of the Garhawars. The Dharmasastras recognise the possibility of lower castes being elevated to higher castes.
Descent from the Muslims
According to the sociologist Lyla Mehta, the Jadeja were Hindu descendents of a Muslim tribe that had migrated from Sindh to Kutch. They originated from pastoral communities and laid a claim on the Rajput identity after marriages with Sodha Rajput women. Gujarat's Jadeja Rajputs were called "half-Muslim" and they employed Muslim African Siddi slaves for cooking.
Kapo
A kapo or prisoner functionary was a special type of prisoner in the Nazi concentration camps during The Holocaust. Kapos were chosen by the Schutzstaffel (SS) camp guards to help run the camps. Some kapos were in charge of other prisoners, who had to do forced labor. Other kapos did paperwork and kept records in the camps.
The Nazis used kapos for many reasons. With kapos helping to run the camps, the camps did not need as many SS guards. The kapos helped the SS control the other prisoners. This made it possible for a small number of SS to run large concentration camps. Also, because kapos were prisoners, they were not paid for their work, so this system also saved a lot of money.
Even though they were not paid, the kapos got special treatment. They did not have to do hard labor, and they were not physically abused like the other prisoners. They sometimes got extra food, cigarettes, alcohol, regular clothes, and private rooms. However, to keep this special treatment, the kapos had to keep the SS guards happy. If they did not control the other prisoners well enough, the kapos would lose their jobs. They would become regular prisoners again.
The SS often chose kapos who were members of violent criminal gangs. These kapos often abused other prisoners badly. The SS allowed this abuse to happen.
What did the kapos do?
The SS controlled the concentration camps. However, from day to day, the kapos helped keep the camps running. They made it possible for the camps to run with fewer SS guards. Sometimes, up to 10% of the prisoners at the camps were kapos. Without the kapos, the SS running the camps would not have been able to keep the camps running smoothly.
Kapos were often hated by other prisoners and were seen as Nazi henchmen. Sometimes, other prisoners would spit on the kapos. Some barracks leaders (blockälteste) secretly helped prisoners in their barracks get extra food or easier jobs. However, other kapos did more to help the SS, partly because they thought this would help them survive the camps.
Criminal kapos were called "professional criminals" by other prisoners. These kapos were known for being cruel and brutal to other prisoners. In fact, this was why the SS had chosen them to be kapos. According to former prisoners, kapos who were criminals were more likely to be helpful to the SS. Kapos who were sent to concentration camps for disagreeing with the Nazis' politics were more likely to be helpful to other prisoners.
In his Dictionary of the Camp, Oliver Lustig wrote: Vicenzo and Luigi Pappalettera wrote in their book The Brutes Have the Floor that, every time a new transport of [prisoners] arrived at Mauthausen [concentration camp], Kapo August Adam picked out the professors, lawyers, priests and magistrates and cynically asked them: "Are you a lawyer? A professor? Good! ... I am a killer. I have five convictions on my record: one for manslaughter and four for robbery. Well, here I am in command. The world has turned upside down, did you get that? Do you need a dolmetscher, an interpreter? Here it is!" And he was pointing to his bat, after which he struck. When he was satisfied, he formed a [work group] with those selected and sent them to clean the latrines.
Domination and terror
The SS used domination and terror to control the many prisoners in the camps with just a few SS guards. Kapos were a very important part of this system, where prisoners were completely controlled and always had to be afraid of being hurt or murdered.
The Nazis used many different strategies to torture prisoners mentally and physically, and to keep them under control. These strategies included:
Kapos helped with all these things. Their job also included pushing the prisoners to work harder. Many kapos, especially the criminals, could be very cruel to prisoners, especially when SS guards were nearby, to show that they were doing their jobs and deserved their special treatment. They often beat prisoners, and some even killed prisoners. Some kapos sexually abused young boys and men.
Element
Element can mean:
Great Purge
The Great Purge or the Great Terror (Большой террор), was a purge in the Soviet Union from 1936 to 1938.
Kapo
Domination and terror
One non-criminal kapo was Josef Heiden. He was an Austrian political prisoner (someone put in prison because they disagreed with the Nazis' political beliefs). Prisoners feared and hated him. He was known as a sadist - someone who liked hurting and torturing people. He killed several people while he was a kapo. He was set free from Dachau concentration camp in 1942, and joined the Waffen SS. Some kapos personally helped the SS mass murder other prisoners. Beginning in October 1944, the Nazis started transferring criminal kapos to the Dirlewanger Brigade of the Waffen SS.
Great Purge
It was a large-scale "repression" of the more wealthy peasants (kulaks). Ethnic minorities were murdered. Even members of the Communist Party, government officials, and the Red Army leadership were killed.
Kapo
Domination and terror
Kapos had a bad reputation for helping the Nazis and often being cruel. However, a book written about Jewish kapos says that many kapos felt caught in the middle. They felt like victims of the Nazis, but at the same time they were helping the Nazis and hurting fellow prisoners. Many of them felt guilty about what they did, both at the time and after World War II ended.
Great Purge
Everyone was watched by the police. Everyone was suspected. People were imprisoned without a fair trial. Executions were common. Historians think the total number of deaths due to Stalinist repression in 1937–38 was between 950,000 to 1.2 million.
Kapo
Kapo ranks
In the capo system, there were different types of kapos, who had different ranks and different jobs.
Great Purge
The "Kulak Operation" and the targeting of national minorities made up the Great Terror. Together these two actions caused nine-tenths of the death sentences and three-fourths of Gulag prison camp sentences.
In the Western world, Robert Conquest's 1968 book The Great Terror popularized the phrase. Conquest's title was a reminder of the French Revolution time known as the Reign of Terror (French: la Terreur, "the Terror"; from June to July 1794: la Grande Terreur, 'the Great Terror').
Kapo
Kapo ranks
The highest, most powerful job that a prisoner could get was called Lagerältester ("camp leader" or "camp senior"). He (or she) answered directly to the camp's commandant (commander). The Lagerältester had to make sure that everything ran smoothly in the camps every day.
The second-most powerful kapos were the Blockältester (block or barracks leader) and the Stubenältester (room leader). The Blockältester was in charge of the prisoners in the barracks, and making sure they followed the rules. The Stubenälteste was in charge of a specific room within a barracks. He had to force the prisoners to make the barracks neat and clean. He was also in charge of the room's hygiene, like killing lice (which spread diseases like typhus).
The Blockschreiber (registrar or barrack clerk) kept records. For example, he kept track of prisoners during roll calls (where prisoners were forced to stand and be counted over and over).
Work crews outside the camp were controlled by a Vorarbeiter (foreman), a Kapo, or Oberkapo (chief kapo). These functionaries pushed their fellow prisoners to work harder and harder, hitting and beating them, even killing them.
Kapos could often help other prisoners by getting them into better barracks, or getting them assigned to easier work. Sometimes, kapos were even able to get other prisoners removed from transport lists when they were scheduled to be sent to death camps. Some kapos were also able to get prisoners new identities to protect them from persecution When kapos did these things, they usually did them only for people in their own group (for example, people from the same country or political party). Not every kapo did this, and the ones who did had to be very careful. If the kapos made the SS angry by helping other prisoners, they would lose their jobs and might even be sent to the gas chambers to be murdered. Heinrich Himmler described this in a speech:
"The moment he becomes a Kapo, he no longer sleeps with [the other prisoners]. He is held accountable for the performance of the work, that they are clean, that the beds are well-built. [...] So, he must drive his men. The moment we become dissatisfied with him, he is no longer Kapo, he's back to sleeping with his men. And he knows that he will be beaten to death by them the first night. —Heinrich Himmler, June 21, 1944"
A kapo who the SS liked could have a camp "career" and be promoted from Kapo to Oberkapo and eventually to Lagerältester. However, he could also just as easily be sent to the gas chambers if he did something the SS did not like.
Arrondissement of Saint-Gaudens
The arrondissement of Saint-Gaudens is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Haute-Garonne département in the Occitanie region. Its capital is the city of Saint-Gaudens.
History
When the Haute-Garonne department was created in 1790, Saint-Gaudens was one of the districts of the department and, with the creation of arrondissements in 1800, the arrondissement of Saint-Gaudens was part of that original department.
Geography
It is the most southern of the arrondissements of the department, with an area of 2139.6 km2; most of the arrondissement lies on the Pyrenees mountain range. It is the arrondissement of Haut-Garonne with fewest people living there, with a population with 77,545 inhabitants and a density of inhabitants/km²
The arrondissement is bordered north by the Gers (Occitanie) department, to the northeast by the arrondissement of Muret, to the east by the Ariège (Occitanie) department, to the south by Spain and to the west by the Hautes-Pyrénées (Occitanie) department.
Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.
In the arrondissement of Saint-Gaudens, there is only one canton where not all their "communes" are in the arrondissement, the canton of Cazères. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and arrondiissements:
Communes
The arrondissement of Saint-Gaudens has 237 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes):
The communes in the arrondissement with more inhabitants are:
Golden, Colorado
Golden, Colorado is a city in the US state of Colorado. It is the county seat of Jefferson County, Colorado. It was founded on June 16, 1859 during the Pike's Peak Gold Rush. Golden City was the capital of the Territory of Jefferson from 1860 to 1861, and the capital of Colorado Territory from 1862 to 1867. In 1867, the capital was moved to Denver City.
In 2005, there were 17,366 people living in Golden.
Cedric Richmond
In 2019, he was named the first national co-chairman of the Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign.
On September 5, 2020, he was named a co-chair of the Biden-Harris Transition Team, which is planning Biden's presidential transition.
Richmond resigned from the White House on May 18, 2022.
Józef Kowalski
Józef Kowalski (2 February 1900? – 7 December 2013) was the last Polish veteran who served just after World War I, and believed to be the oldest living military veteran in the world, following the death of Gertrude Noone.
Larry Sanders (politician)
Lawrence "Larry" Sanders (born April 25, 1935) is an American-born British academic and politician. He is a member of the Green Party. Sanders was born in Brooklyn, New York. He is the brother of United States senator and Presidential candidate Bernie Sanders.
Józef Kowalski
He fought in the Polish-Soviet War which was linked to World War I and lasted from 1919 to 1921.
FC Milsami Orhei
FC Milsami Orhei is a Moldovan football club based in Orhei which plays in the Divizia Națională.
Józef Kowalski
He lived in Tursk, near Sulęcin, in a care home. He died on 7 December 2013, just 8 weeks and one day before his claimed 114th birthday, and claimed to be the oldest living man for around a half-year after 116-year-old Japaneseman Jiroemon Kimura's death in early-summer of 2013 (although the GRG and the Guinness World Records never verified him as the oldest living man).