cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Lambing Flat
Dislike of the Chinese
The first public display of anti-Chinese feelings took place in Bendigo in July 1854. Some these displays were attempts to keep the Chinese from working on the goldfields. There were fights between European and Chinese miners at Daylesford and Castlemaine. A group of Chinese on their way to the Victorian goldfields found gold at Ararat. They were forced off the new goldfield by European miners. The same things were also taking place in New South Wales. European miners forced the Chinese off the diggings at Rocky River in New England in 1856. Serious fights took place Adelong in 1857 and Tambaroora in 1858. There was a big riot at the Buckland River goldfield near Beechworth in July 1857.
Burrangong 1860
There were not many Chinese miners in New South Wales. Victoria had cut the number of Chinese arriving by making them pay a tax of £10 to enter Victoria. The Chinese were now starting to arrive in NSW instead. The government tried to stop the Chinese coming in 1858, but the parliament would not pass the new laws. In 1860 the Chinese and British governments signed the Convention of Peking. This meant that Chinese and British people would have the same rights in each country. Australia was a British colony, so could New South Wales keep out people from China? A new law, the Chinese Immigration Regulation Bill, was being talked about in Parliament when the first gold miners were getting to Burrangong.
Trouble began in 1860 with the starting of the Miners Protective League. The European miners held big meetings, called roll ups, to force the Chinese to leave the goldfields. They would put up signs telling the Chinese to leave. At first there was not a lot of trouble. Most of the Chinese moved to another part of the goldfield, with some going back soon after. This happened a few times over the next eight months. As long as the Chinese stayed in certain places on the goldfield at Burrangong, the European miners would put up with them.
The Riot
The most well known riot took place on the night of 30 June, 1861. A group of about 3,000 miners marched to Lambing Flat led by a brass band and two men carrying the roll up banner. They forced the Chinese to leave Lambing Flat. Tents were set on fire and items belonging to the Chinese were smashed or stolen. They then went to the Back Creek diggings and set fire to more tents. Many of the Chinese were cruelly beaten, but no one was killed. About 1,200 Chinese left the area and set up camp near Roberts' farm at Currowang, 20km away. Two things started the riot. In Sydney the parliament did not pass the anti-Chinese laws. Also an untrue story went around the goldfields. The story said that a new group of 1,500 Chinese were on the road to Burrangong. The police got to Burrangong in the next few days. They arrested three of the leaders of the riot. The miners were angry and on the night of July 14, 1,000 miners attacked the police camp. The police fired their guns and rode their horses into the miners. One miner was killed and many were hurt.
The police were forced to leave. A group of 280 soldiers, sailors and extra police came from Sydney and stayed on the goldfields for a year. The Chinese came back and lived in a separate part of the diggings. The leaders of the riots were arrested and two were sent to gaol. At the end of the year, Burrangong was quiet and the Chinese were still there.
Archena
Archena is a municipality of 19,301 people (2019). It is found in the province and autonomous community of Murcia in Spain.
Stellar (payment network)
Stellar is a system for sending money through the internet. It is based on the Ripple communication protocol and software.
Josef Adelbrecht
Josef Adelbrecht (8 January 1910 – 15 September 1941) was an Austrian football player at the position of a striker.
Career
Josef Adelbrecht began his professional career at Vienna in 1928. The striker won the Austrian Cup (1929, 1930) and the championship (1931, 1933) twice with Döblinger. His greatest success was winning the Mitropacup, the forerunner of today's European Cup, in 1931. In the final Josef Adelbrecht scored a goal to win 2:3 in the first leg in Zurich against Wiener AC. Vienna also won the second leg on the Viennese Hohe Warte. In 1934 Josef Adelbrecht  decided to go to France. There he was rarely used at Racing Club de Paris. He left the club in 1935. He then worked in Switzerland at the Grasshopper Club Zurich.
After a year and a half abroad, Josef Adelbrecht returned to Vienna in January 1936. Then he played for FK Austria Wien for a season and a half. In 1937 he moved to SK Rapid Wien. This season he was able to become Austrian champion for the third time with Rapid. In the years that followed, the striker played a few more games for Austro Fiat, Red Star Vienna and Floridsdorfer AC.
Death
In March 1940 he was drafted into the Wehrmacht. On 15 September  1941 he was killed during the invasion of Russia at Ivashkovo, about a hundred kilometers northwest of Moscow.
Türkmenabat
Türkmenabat (or Turkmenabad; Түркменабат) is a city in Turkmenistan. It used to be called Chardzhou (Чарджоу, Чәрҗев); Persian for "four canals"). It is the capital of Lebap Province. There were about 254,000 people living there in 2009.
Mould (disambiguation)
Mould or mold is a kind of fungus. The word can also refer to:
Abdul Ati al-Obeidi
Abdul Ati al-Obeidi (عبد العاطي العبيدي; born 10 October 1939) is a Libyan politician. He worked in the cabinet of Muammar Gaddafi. He was Prime Minister from 1977 to 1979 and General Secretary of General People's Congress from 1979 to 1981.
On 31 August 2011, he was detained west of Tripoli by rebel forces. In June 2013, a court found him not guilty of a charge of mismanagement.
Sikandar Raza
Sikandar Raza Butt is an international cricketer from Zimbabwe. He plays for the Zimbabwe national cricket team. He was born on April 24, 1986.
La Gravelle
La Gravelle is a commune of 548 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Beniel
Beniel is a municipality of 11,318 people (2019). It is found in the province and autonomous community of Murcia in Spain.
Teruo Iwamoto
Teruo Iwamoto (岩本 輝雄) is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Iwamoto was born in Yokohama on May 2, 1972. After graduating from Yokohama College of Commerce High School, he joined Fujita Industries (later Bellmare Hiratsuka) in 1991. In 1994, the club won 1994 Emperor's Cup. In Asia, the club also won 1995 Asian Cup Winners' Cup. After that, he could not become regular player due to injuries. In the latter the 1990s, he played for Kyoto Purple Sanga (1998), Kawasaki Frontale (1999) and Verdy Kawasaki (2000). In 2001, he moved to Vegalta Sendai. At Vegalta, he became a regular player and assisted many goals. In 2004, he moved to Nagoya Grampus Eight. However he got hurt in May and he left the club end of the season. In October 2006, he signed with Auckland City and played until December. In December, he also played at 2006 Club World Cup in Japan. He retired after 2006 Club World Cup.
On May 22, 1994, Iwamoto debuted for the Japan national team against Australia. He also played at 1994 Asian Games. At Asian Games, he wore the number 10 shirt for Japan. He played 9 games and scored 2 goals for Japan in 1994.
Statistics
287||55||19||5||40||8||322||65 3||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||3||0 290||53||19||5||40||8||325||65
!Total||9||2
Grazay
Grazay is a commune of 494 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Bryan Trottier
Bryan John Trottier (born July 17, 1956) is a Canadian-American retired professional ice hockey centre who played 18 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Islanders and Pittsburgh Penguins. He won four Stanley Cups with the Islanders, two with the Penguins and one as an assistant coach with the Colorado Avalanche.
On August 4, 2014, Trottier was hired to be an assistant coach of the Buffalo Sabres.
2021 Baghdad hospital fire
On the night of 24 to 25 April 2021, a fire at the Ibn al-Khatib hospital in Baghdad, Iraq, left at least 82 people dead and 110 others injured.
The fire was started by the explosion of oxygen tanks meant for COVID-19 patients. There was a lack of fire detection systems which caused the fire to grow. Many of the COVID patients died as a result of being taken off their ventilators to help them escape the fire.
Mac OS X Tiger
Mac OS X Tiger (version 10.4) is the fifth major release of Apple's Mac OS X. It was released on April 29, 2005.
List of monarchs of Carthage
Until 308 BC, Carthage was ruled, at least officially, by Monarchs.
Monarchs of Carthage, 814 BC-308 BC Magonids Hannonian
In 480 BC, following Hamilcar I's death, the King lost most of his power to an aristocratic Council of Elders. In 308 BC, Bomilcar attempted a coup (rebellion) to restore the monarch to full power, but failed, which led to Carthage becoming in name as well as in fact a republic.
Negaprion
Negaprion is one of the 12 genera in the family Carcharhinidae. There are currently two known living species in this genus: the Lemon shark, and the Sicklefin lemon shark.
Both species are large and stocky, have a wide, blunt snout, and have two large dorsal fins of similar size. They are both yellowish-brown on their dorsal surface, and have a white belly. They also both have a similar diet consisting of bony fish, crustaceans, stingrays, and smaller sharks. Also, both species are viviparous.
Lemon shark
The Lemon shark is the smaller of the two species, reaching a maximum length of 3.4 metres, but usually ranges between the lengths of 2.4 to 3 metres long. Pups are around 24 to 26 inches long when born.
The Lemon shark inhabits tropical and subtropical shallow waters of coastal areas of the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean. It is often found in coral reefs, mangroves, enclosed bays, and even river mouths.
Sicklefin lemon shark
The Sicklefin lemon shark is the larger of the two species, reaching a maximum length of 3.8 metres. Pups are around 18 to 32 inches long when born.
The Sicklefin lemon shark inhabits continental and insular shelves, and is common on coral reefs, as well as in shallow, sandy-bottom lagoons, and mangrove swamps.
Central Park jogger case
The Central Park jogger case was a criminal case in the United States based on the assault and rape of Trisha Meili, a 28-year-old white woman who was jogging in the park, and attacks on eight other people, in areas ranging from the North Woods to the Reservoir of Manhattan's Central Park, on the night of April 19, 1989.
Three of the victims were black or Latino. Meili was so badly injured that she was in a coma for 12 days.
The New York Times in 1990 described the attack on her as "one of the most widely publicized crimes of the 1980s".
This case is also called the Central Park Five case because of the five suspects accused of rape. The Central Park jogger case famous because it reflects how racial minorities are treated unfairly in the American legal system.
Attacks
At 9 p.m. on April 19, 1989, a group of teenagers entered Central Park. They began to attack and rob other people in the park.
Victims
Patricia Eileen Meili was working at an investment bank at the time of the attack. She was living in the Upper East Side of New York City.
Arrests and investigation
Six people were indicted with rape, attempted murder, robbery, and causing a riot:
Raymond Santana and Kevin Richardson were among the first suspects to be arrested.
On May 1, 1989, Donald Trump took out ads in New York City newspapers. In these ads, he said that the death penalty should be used again and called for the five suspects to be executed. Back then, the state of New York had stopped executing people.
The Supreme Court said in 1977 during the Coker v. Georgia case that people cannot be executed for committing rape. They knew that false rape accusations were used to kill black men or put them in jail.
Vacated convictions
The convictions of the five suspects were vacated after it was revealed that they were forced to confess.
Also, another man was identified as the rapist. His name was Matias Reyes.
The five men who were convicted sued the city. They got $40 million dollars in all, $1 million for each year they were behind bars. Trump said that the city should not have given them money and that the men didn't have "the pasts of angels."
Trisha Meili
Trisha Meili wrote a book about her experiences. It is called I Am the Central Park Jogger. She is now an inspirational speaker. She talks about sexual assault and brain injury.
Suspects
Antron McCray now lives in Georgia. He is married and has six kids.
Kevin Richardson lives in New Jersey. He is an activist who focuses on reforms in the criminal justice system.
Korey Wise lives in New York City. He changed his name from Karey. He is an activist who focuses on reforms in the criminal justice system.
Donald Trump
It has been claimed that the newspaper ads made Trump look racist. Trump is white, while the suspects were Black and Latino.
During the 2016 presidential campaign, Trump said that the suspects were guilty.
Trump was later elected as the 45th President of the United States. He was president from 2017 to 2021. As of July 2020, he has never apologized for the newspaper ads.
Jacksonville International Airport
Jacksonville International Airport (IATA: JAX, ICAO: KJAX, FAA LID: JAX), is the primary international airport serving northeast Florida. The airport is located 15 miles north of downtown Jacksonville.
Baiern
Baiern is a community in the district of Ebersberg, Upper Bavaria, Germany. It is a member of the administrative community (Verwaltungsgemeinschaft) of Glonn.
The community's name is pronounced the same way as the German name for Bavaria ("Bayern"), although it is spelt differently. This is most likely originated from the old way of spelling Bavaria in German ("Baiern").
The constituent communities of Antholing, Berganger and Netterndorf are to be found within Baiern, as is the Jugenddorf Piusheim ("Youth Village of Piusheim").
Geography
Baiern is in the Munich region. It includes one traditional rural land unit – Gemarkung in German – also called Baiern.
Sector Balakot
Sector Balakot is an unreleased Indian Hindi language movie about war against the terrorism. The Movie directed by Hitesh Paulbhai Khristy. The movie lead stars Ridoyanul Hoq, Puneet Issar, Ashmit Patel and Jitendra Trehan.
Sector Balakot was scheduled to release in India on 17 February 2023.
Plot
The story of this movie is a bit about war against the terrorist, international war & terrorism business. The story starts with an undercover operation scene where NIA officers are raiding a secret place in the jungle, as there are 8 terrorists and 1 mastermind hiding there, who are planning a big event before India's Independence Day. The main character of this movie is a Gun Mafia, who promotes violence as business across world working with Criminals as well and governments.
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland or simply the United Kingdom (UK) is a sovereign country in Western Europe. It is a constitutional monarchy that is made up of four separate countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. It is part of the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, NATO, the G7, and formerly the European Union. It had the sixth largest economy in the world by nominal GDP in 2019.
Around 66 million people live in the UK (2018). They can be divided into four big nationalities based on the countries where they live (or where they were born or their ancestry).
The UK has many cities. London is the biggest city in the UK and is the nation's capital city. There are also other big cities in England including Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds, Bristol and Newcastle upon Tyne. Scotland has the big cities of Edinburgh and Glasgow. Cardiff and Swansea are in Wales and Derry and Belfast is in Northern Ireland.
Between the 17th and mid 20th-centuries, Britain became a world power. It became a colonial empire that controlled large areas of Africa, Asia, North America and Oceania. At its height in 1922, more than 458 million people lived in the British Empire, one-fifth of the Earth's population. Its area was 13,012,000 square miles: almost a quarter of the Earth's land area. The empire was sometimes called 'the empire on which the sun never sets', meaning it is always daytime someplace in the empire. Almost all countries left and became independent from the empire in the 20th century, although Britain keeps links with most countries of its former empire.
Prehistory
Species of humans have lived in Britain for almost a million years. They did not live there all the time, probably because the climate was too extreme at times for people to live there.
Archaeological remains show that the first group of modern people to live in the British Isles were hunter-gatherers after the last ice age ended. The date is not known: perhaps as early as 8000 BC but certainly by 5000 BC. They built mesolithic wood and stone monuments. Stonehenge was built between 3000 and 1600 BC. Celtic tribes arrived from mainland Europe. Britain was a changing collection of tribal areas, with no overall leader. Julius Caesar tried to invade (take over) the island in 55 BC but was not able to do so. The Romans successfully invaded in 43 AD.
History
Written history began in Britain when writing was brought to Britain by the Romans. Rome ruled in Britain from 44 AD to 410 AD. They ruled the southern two-thirds of Great Britain. The Romans never took over Ireland and never fully controlled Scotland, the land north of the valleys of the River Forth and River Clyde. Their northern border varied from time to time and was marked sometimes at Hadrian's Wall (in modern England), sometimes at the Antonine Wall (in modern Scotland).
After the Romans, waves of immigrants came to Britain. Some were German tribes: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes. Others were Celts, like the Scoti, who came to Great Britain from Ireland. English and Scots are Germanic languages. They developed from Old English. This was spoken by the Anglo-Saxons in an area from the River Forth to the River Tamar.
Middle Ages
A later wave of immigration was that of the Vikings, during the Early Middle Ages' Viking Age. During the Viking invasion of Britain, they set up their own kingdom in north-western England, which the Anglo-Saxons named the "Danelaw", after the Danes who lived there and controlled the land. Vikings from Scandinavia also controlled most of the islands which are now part of Scotland, including the Outer Hebrides, the Inner Hebrides, and the Northern Isles (the Shetland Islands and the Orkney Islands).After a long period when Anglo-Saxon England was split into various kingdoms, it was made into one kingdom by Æthelstan (Athelstan) in 945 AD. In the 13th century, the lands of Wales were unified by force with England by the wars of Edward I of England ("Edward Longshanks").
Union of the Crowns
There were hundreds of years of fighting between both kingdoms of Great Britain. In 1603, when Queen Elizabeth I of England died, her closest relative was King James VI of Scotland. He became king of England and Ireland as well as the king of Scotland. The kingdoms of England, Ireland, and Scotland had the same monarch ever since. James VI and I was the first to be named "King of Great Britain", and he ordered the design of the Union Jack. The Union Jack has been the British national flag ever since.
Union of 1707
In 1707, the Parliaments of England and Scotland agreed on the Treaty of Union, which joined the two countries into one country called the United Kingdom of Great Britain under Queen Anne with the Acts of Union 1707. This union merged Scotland and England into one kingdom. England and Scotland kept their own laws, with English law in England and Wales and Scots law in Scotland. The division between the Church of Scotland and the Church of England continued. Ireland and Great Britain continued to have the same king, but Ireland did not become part of the new kingdom in 1707.
Union of 1801
Scotland and England had already independently had much influence over Ireland since 1200. In 1800 laws were passed in the parliaments of Great Britain and Ireland to merge the two kingdoms and their two parliaments. The country was then called the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The Union Jack was changed so that the flag of Saint Patrick (a red saltire) shows Ireland to be a part of the country.
In 1922 much of Ireland became independent from the United Kingdom as the Irish Free State (now called Ireland). However, six northern counties (called Northern Ireland) are part of the United Kingdom. The country was renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1927.
The new Parliament of Northern Ireland set up in the 1920s stopped working in the 1970s, because of The Troubles. However, devolution started again with the Northern Ireland Assembly after the Belfast Agreement (the "Good Friday Agreement") in 1998. Devolution in Scotland and Wales started the Scottish Parliament and the Welsh Parliament the same year.
The United Kingdom was a member state of the European Union (EU) and an older organization, the European Economic Community (EEC), from 1973 until Brexit in 2020.
Geography
The UK is northwest off the coast of mainland Europe. Around the UK are the North Sea, the English Channel and the Atlantic Ocean. The UK also rules, usually indirectly, a number of smaller places (mostly islands) around the world, which are known as British Overseas Territories. They were once part of the British Empire. Examples are Gibraltar (on the Iberian Peninsula next to the Strait of Gibraltar) and the Falkland Islands (in the south Atlantic Ocean).
The physical geography of the UK varies greatly. England consists of mostly lowland terrain, with upland or mountainous terrain only found north-west of the River Tees-River Exe line. The upland areas include the Lake District, the Pennines, the North York Moors, Exmoor, and Dartmoor. The lowland areas are typically traversed by ranges of low hills, frequently composed of chalk, and flat plains. Scotland is the most mountainous country in the UK and its physical geography is distinguished by the Highland Boundary Fault which goes across the Scottish mainland from Helensburgh to Stonehaven. The Royal Observatory, Greenwich is the defining point of the Prime Meridian.
The weather of the United Kingdom is changeable and unpredictable. Summers are moderately warm, winters are cool to cold. Rain falls throughout the year, and more on the west than the east because of its northerly latitude and the warm water from the Atlantic Ocean's Gulf Stream. The usually moderate prevailing winds from the Atlantic may be interrupted by Arctic air from the northeast or hot air from the Sahara.
The United Kingdom is reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It has met some Kyoto Protocol targets. It has signed the Paris Agreement. The British government want the UK to be carbon neutral by the year 2050.
Climate
The United Kingdom has an oceanic climate.
The highest temperature ever recorded in the United Kingdom was 40.3 C, on 19 July 2022 in Coningsby. The lowest temperature ever recorded was -27.2 C, on February 11, 1895 & January 10, 1982 in Braemar, and December 30, 1995 in Altnaharra.
Politics
The United Kingdom is a parliamentary democracy based on a constitutional monarchy. The people of the United Kingdom vote for a members of Parliament to speak for them and to make laws for them. King Charles III is the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and is the head of state. The government, led by the Prime Minister, governs the country and appoints cabinet ministers. Today, the Prime Minister is Rishi Sunak, who is the leader of the centre-right Conservative Party.
Scotland has its own devolved Parliament with the power to make laws on things like education, health and Scottish law. Northern Ireland and Wales have their own devolved legislatures which have some powers but less than the Scottish parliament. The Parliament of the United Kingdom is sovereign and it could end the devolved administrations at any time. The UK is a unitary state and not a federation of states.
Parliament
Unlike the House of Commons, the people in the House of Lords are not elected. The people who sit in the House of Lords are called peers. Most peers are appointed by the government. There are some who are hereditary peers (who inherit their peerages from ancestors or other family members). Certain bishops in the established Church of England also attend the House of Lords. (The Church of England is the national church in England. The Church of Scotland does not have bishops, and neither Wales nor Northern Ireland has an established national church.) Together, the two houses make a bicameral legislature, in which the House of Commons has more power. In the past, the House of Lords had more power. Before the 20th century, the prime minister was often a member of the House of Lords. As the House of Lords lost its powers, as political reforms tried to improve democracy, the House of Commons became more powerful and the prime minister started always to be a member of the House of Commons. After the English Civil War during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, Oliver Cromwell became Lord Protector, and the monarchy ended for a time. The British Isles were a republic, which Cromwell named the "Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland". Although the monarchy was restored after his death, the Crown slowly became the secondary power, and Parliament the first. Until the early twentieth century, only men who owned property could vote to choose MPs. In the nineteenth century, more people were given suffrage. In 1928, all men and women got the vote: this is called universal suffrage.
Almost all members of Parliament belong to political parties. The biggest parties are the Conservative Party, Labour Party, the Scottish National Party and the Liberal Democrats. Members of the same party agree to work together. A party with more than half the seats (a majority) forms the government. The leader of the party becomes the prime minister, who then chooses the other ministers. Because the government has a majority in Parliament, it can normally control what laws are passed.
The British parliament is in Westminster, in London, but it has power over the whole of the United Kingdom. Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland each have their own parliaments as well, and these have more limited powers. (England does not have a separate parliament.) Scotland has the Scottish Parliament at Holyrood in Edinburgh. Wales has the Welsh Parliament in Cardiff. Northern Ireland has the Northern Ireland Assembly at Stormont in Belfast. There are also parliaments in the Isle of Man and in Jersey and Guernsey (the Channel Islands), which are all island states for which the UK has some responsibility in international law. Man, Jersey, and Guernsey are "crown dependencies". Some British Overseas Territories have their own legislatures.
Military
From the 18th century to the early 20th century, the United Kingdom was one of the most powerful nations in the world, with a large and powerful navy (due to the fact it was surrounded by sea, so a large navy was the most practical option). This status has faded in recent times, but it remains a member of various military groups such as the UN Security Council and NATO. It is also still seen as a great military power.
Grez-en-Bouère
Grez-en-Bouère is a commune of 981 people (2004). It is found in the Pays de la Loire region in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
United Kingdom
Economy
The United Kingdom is a developed country with the sixth-largest economy in the world. It was a superpower during the 18th, 19th and early 20th century and was considered since the early 1800s to be the most powerful and influential nation in the world, in politics, economics (For it was the wealthiest country at the time.) and in military strength.
Britain continued to be the biggest manufacturing economy in the world until 1908 and the largest economy until the 1920s. The economic cost of two world wars and the decline of the British Empire in the 1950s and 1960s reduced its leading role in global affairs. The United Kingdom has strong economic, cultural, military and political influence and is a nuclear power. The United Kingdom holds a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council, and is a member of the G8, NATO, World Trade Organization and the Commonwealth of Nations. The City of London, in the capital, is famous for being the largest centre of finance in the world.
Literature
William Shakespeare was an English playwright. He wrote plays in the late 16th century. Some of his plays were Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth. In the 19th century, Jane Austen and Charles Dickens were novelists. Twentieth-century writers include the science-fiction novelist H. G. Wells and J. R. R. Tolkien. The children's fantasy Harry Potter series was written by J. K. Rowling. Aldous Huxley was also from the United Kingdom.
English language literature is written by authors from many countries. Eight people from the United Kingdom have won the Nobel Prize in Literature. Seamus Heaney is a writer who was born in Northern Ireland.
Education
The nature of education is a devolved matter in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. They, and England, have separate, but similar, systems of education. They all have laws that a broad education is required from ages five to eighteen, except for in Scotland where school departure is allowed from the age of sixteen. Pupils attend state funded schools (academy schools, faith schools, grammar schools, city technology colleges, studio schools) and other children attend independent schools (known as public schools).
There have been universities in Britain since the Middle Ages. The "ancient universities" started at this time and in the Renaissance. They are: the University of Oxford, the University of Cambridge, the University of St Andrews, the University of Glasgow, the University of Aberdeen, and the University of Edinburgh. These are the oldest universities in the English-speaking world.
The University of Cambridge, the University of Oxford, and London universities (University College London, the London School of Economics, King's College London and Imperial College London) collectively form the Golden Triangle of universities in the south-east of England. A broader group of twenty universities from the Russell Group of research universities.
Media
The BBC is an organisation in the United Kingdom. It broadcasts in the United Kingdom and other countries on television, radio and the Internet. The BBC also sells its programs to other broadcasting companies around the world. The organisation is run by a group of twelve governors who have been given the job by the Queen, on the advice of government ministers.
Gary Chester
Gary Chester (born Cesario Gurciullo; October 27, 1924 – August 17, 1987) was a studio drummer, author, and teacher. He began playing in the 1960s. Chester played on hundreds of records for bands such as The Coasters, The Monkees, and The Lovin' Spoonful. He also played drums for people including the Everly Brothers, Ben E. King, Jim Croce, Dionne Warwick and Bobby Darin.
United Kingdom
Transport
Road traffic in the United Kingdom drives on the left-hand side of the road (unlike the Americas and most of Europe), and the driver steers from the right-hand side of the vehicle. The road network on the island of Great Britain is extensive, with most local and rural roads having evolved from Roman and Medieval times. Major routes developed in the mid 20th Century were made to the needs of the motor car. The multi-lane high speed motorway (freeway) network was mostly built in the 1960s and 1970s. It links major towns and cities.
The system of rail transport was invented in England and Wales, so the United Kingdom has the oldest railway network in the world. It was built mostly during the Victorian era. At the heart of the network are five long-distance main lines which radiate from London to the major cities and secondary population centres with dense commuter networks in the regions. The newest part of the network connects London to the Channel Tunnel from St Pancras station.
The British Rail network is partly privatized, with privately owned train operating companies providing service along particular lines or regions. The tracks, signals, and stations are owned by a Government controlled company called Network Rail. In Northern Ireland, the NI Railways is the national railway. The system of underground railways in London, known as the Tube, has been copied by many other cities.
Most domestic air travel in the United Kingdom is between London and the major cities in Scotland and the North of England and Belfast. London-Heathrow is the nation’s largest airport and is one of the most important international hubs in the world. Other major airports with principal international service include London-Gatwick, Birmingham, Manchester and Glasgow. An extensive system of ferry networks operates. The Isle of Man and the Channel Islands also have domestic passenger and freight routs.
Languages
Major languages spoken in the United Kingdom other than English include Polish (500,000 approximate number of speakers in the United Kingdom), Eastern Panjabi or Punjabi (471,000), Bengali (400,000), Urdu (400,000), Cantonese (300,000), Greek (200,000), Southwestern Caribbean Creole English (170,000).
Native languages include:
BBC Learning English
BBC Learning English is a website hosted by the BBC World Service since 1996. It provides free learning materials for people who speak English as a second language and want to improve their English Language skills.
Cleat
Cleats or studs are spikes or studs that are attached to the bottom of a shoe to provide more traction (grip) on a soft or slippery surface. Shoes specially designed for several kinds of sports, such as baseball and all the different kinds of football, have cleats, so that the players do not slip on the ground so easily. Ice cleats (or crampons) are a type of spikes that usually are attachable to the soles of shoes to prevent slipping on ice.
Berkelium
Berkelium (IPA: ) is a synthetic, radioactive, chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Bk and atomic number 97. It is a metallic element and part of the actinide series. Berkelium was invented by scientists and does not exist in nature. Berkelium was first made by hitting americium with alpha particles or helium ions. It is named after Berkeley, California and the University of California, Berkeley.
Uses
Its only uses are to create bigger elements and research.
Range (biology)
In biology, the range or distribution of a species is the geographical area or habitat where the species live.
Sometimes, when species are found in different regions at different times of year, terms such as summer range and winter range can be used. When discussing about animals, the species' natural range is often discussed.
There are at least five types of distribution patterns:
Web service
A Web service is defined as "a software system designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network". Web services are frequently just Web APIs that can be accessed over a network, such as the Internet, and executed on a remote system hosting the requested services.
The W3C Web service definition encompasses many different systems, but in common usage the term refers to clients and servers that communicate over the HTTP used on the Web. Such services tend to fall into one of two camps: Big Web Services and RESTful Web Services.
"Big Web Services" use XML messages that follow the SOAP standard and have been popular with traditional enterprise. In such systems, there is often a machine-readable description of the operations offered by the service written in the Web Services Description Language (WSDL). The latter is not a requirement of a SOAP endpoint, but it is a prerequisite for automated client-side code generation in many Java and .NET SOAP frameworks (frameworks such as Spring, Apache Axis2 and Apache CXF being notable exceptions). Some industry organizations, such as the WS-I, mandate both SOAP and WSDL in their definition of a Web service.
More recently, RESTful Web services have been regaining popularity, particularly with Internet companies. These also meet the W3C definition, and are often better integrated with HTTP than SOAP-based services. They do not require XML messages or WSDL service-API definitions.
Moulding
Moulding (or molding) is the shaping of raw material using a solid frame of a particular shape, called a pattern. It is a process used in manufacturing. A mould is a hollow container that will hold the liquid material until it turns solid. The liquid hardens or sets inside the mould, adopting its shape. Materials commonly used in moulding include plastic, metal, glass and ceramic.
Tyres are made using moulds, where the molten rubber is poured into the mould and then left to set. Moulds can vary greatly in size. They are usually made of hardened steel which can resist wearing.
Muhammad az-Zaruq Rajab
Muhammad az-Zaruq Rajab (محمد الزروق رجب) (born 1940) is a Libyan politician.
Moulding
Compression
Compression moulds work by taking the empty mould and placing a piece of unshaped rubber inside. The mould is then pressed shut using high heat and pressure forcing the rubber to liquify and flow into the recess created for the part while excess rubber is forced into the moulds dump groove. It is important when making a mould to keep in mind that when the part cools it will shrink slightly.
Injection
Injection moulds work under the same principle as compression moulds except that instead of pressing the mould together on the rubber the mould is first closed and the liquid rubber is then injected into a fill hole drilled into the mould. This is used more for plastic products.
Muhammad az-Zaruq Rajab
Rajab was General Secretary of the General People's Congress from January 7, 1981 to February 15, 1984. From 16 February 1984 to 3 March 1986 he was the Prime Minister of Libya.
Moulding
Press Mold
Press type of mold includes bending, trimming, edging, and drawing. Some parts are molded through several procedures, and a progressive press molding is used to perform these procedures sequentially.
Plastics Mold
A plastics mold is used to mold parts by melting a molding material such as plastics with heat and pressure into the mold.
Blanca
Blanca is a municipality of 6,539 people (2019). It is found in the province and autonomous community of Murcia in Spain.
Woohoo
"Woohoo" is a song sung by Christina Aguilera and Nicki Minaj, from Aguilera's 2010 album Bionic. The song was written by Aguilera, Minaj, Claude Kelly, Jamal "Polow da Don" Jones and Ester Dean. It is a uptempo electrohop song with R&B and hip hop influences; lyrically it speaks of cunnilingus. The song was released on May 18, 2010 as the second single from Aguilera's Bionic album.
Johannes Fibiger
Johannes Fibiger (Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger, 23 April 1867 – 30 January 1928) was a Danish doctor. He won the 1926 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for his discovery that an infection could lead to cancer.
Mister Peabody
Hector J. Peabody, or Mr. Peabody, is an cartoon dog. Peabody appeared in the late 1950s and early 1960s television animated series The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show, produced by Jay Ward. Peabody appeared in the "Peabody's Improbable History" parts created by Ted Key. Bill Scott did the voice for Mr. Peabody. In 2014, Mr. Peabody was in a computer-animated film, Mr. Peabody & Sherman. From 2015 to 2017, he was in a television series based on the film. Mr. Peabody's first name is never said in the cartoons, but it an animated promotion for the Rocky & Bullwinkle Saving Stamps Club he tells Sherman that it is "Hector."
BMI Regional
British Midland Regional Limited known as bmi regional was a British regional airline that runs timetabled passenger services mostly within the UK. Its head office is in Aberdeen Airport East in Dyce, Aberdeen, Scotland. Its main base is Aberdeen Airport. BMI Regional was owned by British Midland International until 2012. Sector Aviation Holdings Limited bought BMI Regional in May 2012.
Brandenburg Gate (Potsdam)
The Brandenburg Gate (Brandenburger Tor) on the Luisenplatz in Potsdam, should not be confused with the gate of the same name on Berlin's Pariser Platz, it was built in 1770/71 by Carl von Gontard and Georg Christian Unger by order of Frederick II of Prussia. It stands at the western end of Brandenburger Straße, which runs in a straight line up to the Church of St. Peter and St. Paul.
Previously, from 1733, there was another, simpler gate on the same spot, which resembled a castle gateway. Together with the city wall, a form of toll barrier, and the other gates it was intended to prevent desertion and smuggling.
Towards the end of the Seven Years' War, Frederick the Great had the old gate demolished and built, in its stead, this new Brandenburg Gate, as a symbol of his victory.
Since the city wall was demolished around 1900 the Brandenburg Gate has been a free-standing structure.
Take Me Home, Country Roads
"Take Me Home, Country Roads", (also called "Take Me Home" or "Country Roads") is a song written by Bill Danoff, Taffy Nivert, and John Denver about the state of West Virginia. Some people tend to believe it is about Western Virginia or even Maryland. West Virginia is home of the beautiful Blue Ridge Mountains and the Shenandoah river. It was released as a single performed by Denver on April 12, 1971. It got to number 2 on Billboard's US Hot 100 singles for the week ending August 28, 1971. The song was a success on its first release. It was certified Gold by the RIAA on August 18, 1971, and Platinum on April 10, 2017. The song became one of John Denver's most popular songs. It still sells, with over 1.5 million digital copies sold in the United States. It is considered to be Denver's signature song.
The song has a status as an iconic symbol of West Virginia, which it describes as "almost Heaven". In March 2014, it became one of the four official state anthems of West Virginia.
Reception in West Virginia
"Take Me Home, Country Roads" received a positive response from West Virginia people. The song is the theme song of West Virginia University. It has been performed during every home football pregame show since 1972.
This song was played at the funeral memorial for West Virginia Senator Robert Byrd at the state capitol in Charleston on July 2, 2010.
The popularity of the song has gotten bills in the West Virginia Legislature to make "Take Me Home, Country Roads" an official state song. On March 7, 2014, the West Virginia Legislature approved a bill to make "Take Me Home, Country Roads" an official state song of West Virginia. They did this along three other songs: "West Virginia Hills", "This is My West Virginia", and "West Virginia, My Home Sweet Home". Governor Earl Ray Tomblin signed the resolution into law on March 8, 2014.
Fallout 76 version
A cover version of the song, a collaboration between Copilot Music and Sound and the vocal group Spank, exists. It was commissioned for and shown in both the teaser and full E3 2018 trailers for the 2018 video game, Fallout 76. The game's story is set in West Virginia. Released as an iTunes-only single on July 4, 2018, the song reached #1 on the iTunes singles chart. It debuted at #41 on Billboard's Hot Country Songs chart that week and at #21 on Billboard's Country Digital Songs the following week. The official YouTube upload of the original John Denver recording, first uploaded in 2013, would later edit its description to mention the use of the song in the game.
Tīrau
Tīrau is a small town in the Waikato Region, New Zealand. It has a population of 804, in Maori language Tirau means place of Cabbage Trees. It has a primary school and has three major intersections with State Highway 1 going to Tokoroa and Taupō, State Highway 5 going to Rotorua and State Highway 27 to Matamata. The town was originally named Oxford before it renamed Tirau in 1896.
Catholic Archdiocese of Boston sex abuse scandal
The Catholic Archdiocese of Boston sex abuse scandal was part of many cases of Catholic Church sexual abuse cases in the United States that revealed many crimes in the American Roman Catholic Church.
In early 2002, The Boston Globe published results of an investigation that led to the criminal prosecutions of five Roman Catholic priests and pushed the sexual abuse of minors by Catholic clergy into the national spotlight.
Later investigations and allegations revealed a pattern of sexual abuse and cover-ups in a number of large dioceses across the United States.
The investigation of the scandal by The Boston Globe was titled "Spotlight Investigation: Abuse in the Catholic Church". Its reporting was made into a movie in 2015, which won two Academy Awards including Best Picture.
Fort Mill, South Carolina
Fort Mill, also called Fort Mill Township, is a town in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It is in the northern part of the state. It is south of Charlotte, North Carolina and near Rock Hill, South Carolina.
La Haie-Traversaine
La Haie-Traversaine is a commune of 420 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Healthcare in the United Kingdom
People can pay for medical treatment. Some people pay because they dont want to wait. The NHS does not do cosmetic treatment. It will not do things the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence does not consider good value. Dentists and opticians are private businesses which mostly offer private treatment as well as NHS treatment. General practitioners are mostly private businesses but very few do private work.
NHS hospitals are allowed to do private work. It must not be more than 50% of their income. Only a few specialist NHS hospitals in London do a lot of private work.
In 2022 about 1.7 million people in the UK had private health insurance.