cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Erasmus Darwin
Later life
Darwin translated the work of Carolus Linnaeus from Latin to English. The books explain how plants are classified. Darwin was friends with many important scientists and businessmen, in the Lunar Society. Darwin wrote poems against slavery. He was a generous man, he helped people who had no money. He wrote poems explaining his ideas about evolution. He also made many inventions and predicted that electricity and aeroplanes would be useful in the future. He also made a sketch (simple drawing) of a hydrogen-oxygen rocket engine in 1779.
Erasmus Darwin died on 18 April 1802, and is buried in All Saints Church, Breadsall, north of Derby.
Copland's rock frog
Copland's rock frog, saxicoline tree frog, sandstone frog, rocky river frog or rock frog (Litoria coplandi) is a frog from northern Australia. It lives in Western Australia and the Northern Territory.
This frog lives near rocky cliffs and steep slopes with large amounts of loose rock. During the day, it hides in caves or cracks in the rocks. At night, it looks for food near small streams.
These frogs are 4 cm from nose to rear end. They are light brown with darker brown marks. Their front feet are not webbed. Their hind feet are webbed. These frogs are strong climbers and light enough to skip across the surface of the water like a skipping stone.
Isle of Dogs (movie)
Isle of Dogs (犬ヶ島) is a 2018 stop-motion science-fiction comedy-drama animated movie written, produced, and directed by Wes Anderson. It stars Bryan Cranston as the dog Chief and Koyu Rankin as a young human called Atari.
Copland's rock frog
They lay eggs one at a time or a few at a time in small pools or streams where the water moves slowly. The eggs sink to the bottom. The tadpoles hatch after 52 days.
Isle of Dogs (movie)
The movie also stars Edward Norton, Liev Schreiber, Bill Murray, Bob Balaban, Jeff Goldblum, Scarlett Johansson, Kunichi Nomura, Tilda Swinton, Ken Watanabe, Akira Ito, Greta Gerwig, Akira Takayama, Frances McDormand, F. Murray Abraham, Courtney B. Vance, Yojiro Noda, Fisher Stevens, Mari Natsuki, Nijiro Murakami, Yoko Ono, Harvey Keitel, and Frank Wood.
It had a limited release in the United States on March 23, 2018, by Fox Searchlight Pictures, and went on wide release on April 13. It was nominated for two Academy Awards, for Best Animated Feature Film and Best Original Score.
Ben Wallace (politician)
Robert Ben Lobban Wallace (born 15 May 1970) is a British politician. He has been the Secretary of State for Defence since 24 July 2019. He was the UK’s longest-serving Minister of State for Security and Economic Crime from 2016 to 2019. Wallace is a member of the Conservative Party. He has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Wyre and Preston North since the 2010 United Kingdom general election.
Wallace was first elected as the MP for Lancaster and Wyre in the 2005 United Kingdom general election. He was a Captain in the British Army.
Annapolis, Illinois
Annapolis is a census-designated place (CDP) in Illinois in the United States.
Crop rotation
Crop rotation  is a practice used in farming. It involves the planting of different seeds on the same land in different years or seasons, using a set pattern. This technique helps replace the nutrients in the soil for the plants. It also reduces plant-specific pests on the land.
Clairton, Pennsylvania
Clairton is a city in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States. 6,796 people lived here at the 2010 census.
John Gurdon
Sir John Bertrand Gurdon (JBG) FRS (born 2 October 1933) is a British developmental biologist. He is best known for his pioneering research in nuclear transplantation,  and cloning.
Apple Canyon Lake, Illinois
Apple Canyon Lake is a census-designated place (CDP) in Illinois in the United States.
John Gurdon
Nuclear transplantation means taking the nucleus out of cells in tissue culture and putting them into other cells whose nucleus has been removed. It is called somatic cell nuclear transfer. In this way, specialised cells can be "reprogrammed" to become like stem cells.
Nobel Prize
In 2012 Gurdon was awarded, jointly with Shinya Yamanaka, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent". "Pluripotent" cells are stem cells.
Nuclear transfer
In 1958, Gurdon, then at the University of Oxford, successfully cloned a frog using intact nuclei from the somatic cells of a Xenopus tadpole. This was an important extension of work of Briggs and King in 1952 on transplanting nuclei from embryonic blastula cells.
Gurdon’s experiments captured the attention of the scientific community and the tools and techniques he developed for nuclear transfer are still used today.
At that time he could not conclusively show that the transplanted nuclei derived from a fully differentiated cell. This was finally shown in 1975 by a group working at the Basel Institute for Immunology in Switzerland. They transplanted a nucleus from an antibody-producing lymphocyte (proof that it was fully differentiated) into an enucleated egg and got living tadpoles.
He was awarded the Lasker Award in 2009 and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012.
Messenger RNA expression
Gurdon and colleagues also pioneered the use of Xenopus eggs to translate microinjected messenger RNA molecules. This technique has been widely used to identify the proteins encoded, and to study their function.
Darmstadt, Illinois
Darmstadt is a census-designated place (CDP) in Illinois in the United States.
Mike Sadek
Michael George Sadek (May 30, 1946 – January 20, 2021) was a Major League Baseball catcher. He spent his entire major league career with the San Francisco Giants. His career lasted from 1975 to 1981.
Sadek died on January 20, 2021 in San Andreas, California from heart and lung disease, aged 74.
Fred Allen
John Florence Sullivan (May 31, 1894 – March 17, 1956), known professionally as Fred Allen, was an American comedian. He was known for having his own radio show The Fred Allen Show (1932–1949). This made him one of the most popular humorists in the Golden Age of American radio.
Lake Camelot, Illinois
Lake Camelot is a census-designated place in Illinois in the United States.
Mark Carney
Mark Joseph Carney (born March 16, 1965) is a Canadian-born British-Irish economist and banker. He was the Governor of the Bank of England from 2013 until 2020 and was Chairman of the Financial Stability Board from 2011 to 2018.
Lalín
Lalín is a city in Galicia, Spain. It is in the northern part of the province of Pontevedra. Lalín is the capital of the region of Deza.
In 2014, there were 20,103 people living in the city.
Iodine test
The iodine test is a test that is able to detect starch using iodine as a chemical indicator. Example uses include brewing beer, and determining when apples are ripe and can be harvested.
If starch is present, the iodine solution will turn dark blue/purple. If there is no starch, the iodine will stay brown.
Toxic shock syndrome
Toxic shock syndrome or TSS is a non-common, deadly infection caused by toxins from bacteria.
Toxic shock syndrome is usually caused by Staphylococcus bacteria, but it can also be caused by Streptococcus bacteria.
Symptoms
Symptoms of toxic shock syndrome can show up suddenly, and the disease can be deadly. The symptoms are different when the toxic shock syndrome is caused by different bacteria. When it is caused by Staphylococcus aureus, the symptoms are generally high fever, low blood pressure, confusion, and malaise. If the disease is not treated, someone with toxic shock syndrome caused by Staphylococcus aureus can go into a coma.
When toxic shock syndrome is caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, it usually is a rash that was already there getting worse. People with toxic shock syndrome caused by Streptococcus pyogenes have pain where the rash is, then the symptoms below happen very quickly.
The symptoms of toxic shock syndrome include:
Treatment
Many people with toxic shock syndrome have to stay in the hospital. If it is very bad, they might have to go to the intensive care unit so that doctors can make sure that they are getting good care. If the reason that they have toxic shock syndrome is because of tampon use, doctors will make sure that they take the tampon out. If the reason that they have toxic shock syndrome is an injury (an abscess or other infection), the injury has to be drained.
Antibiotics like cephalosporin, penicillin, and vancomycin are used to stop the bacteria from growing. Clindamycin and gentamicin stop the toxins from being produced.
Tampons and toxic shock syndrome
In 1978, Procter and Gamble (a United States company that sells many different products) started selling tampons called Rely. Rely tampons could be left in for a whole menstrual cycle, which is from 2 to 8 days. Women who used Rely tampons sometimes got toxic shock syndrome because of this. Other tampons that are left in for a long time can also cause toxic shock syndrome.
Margot Adler
Margot Adler (April 16, 1946 – July 28, 2014) was an American author, journalist, lecturer, Wiccan priestess and radio journalist. She was a New York correspondent for National Public Radio (NPR).
Adler died from endometrial cancer in her New York City home, aged 68.
Lars Westman (writer)
Lars Gustaf Westman (16 April 1934 – 16 January 2021) was a Swedish writer and journalist. Westman was the grandson of architect Carl Westman and the artist Elin Westman. He was a journalist at Stockholms-Tidningen and the magazine We. In 2012, he published the book Till Saltsjöbaden.
John Baptist Kaggwa
John Baptist Kaggwa (23 March 1943 – 20 January 2021) was a Ugandan Roman Catholic prelate. He was Bishop Emeritus of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Masaka from 10 January 1998 until his retirement on 16 April 2019. From 19 December 1994 until 10 January 1998, Bishop Kaggwa was Coadjutor Bishop of Masaka, Uganda. Kaggwa was born in Bulenga, Wakiso District, Uganda.
Lars Westman (writer)
Westman died on 16 January 2021, aged 86.
John Baptist Kaggwa
Kaggwa died on 20 January 2021 at a hospital in Kampala, Uganda from COVID-19 at the age of 77.
M181 motorway
The M181 is a short motorway in Lincolnshire, England. It links the M180 with Scunthorpe. The road goes in a nearly straight line from the M180 into Scunthorpe. It is about 2 mi long. It opened in December 1978.
Sion-les-Mines
Sion-les-Mines is a commune. It is in the Pays de la Loire region in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France.
Order of the Star of India
The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria in 1861. The Order includes members of three classes:
No appointments have been made since the Partition of India in 1947. The last living knight, The Maharaja of Alwar, died in 2009 and the order became dormant.
The Order is the senior order of chivalry of the Empire of India; the junior order is The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire, and there was also, for women only the Imperial Order of the Crown of India. It is the fifth-most-senior British order of chivalry, following The Most Noble Order of the Garter, The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle, The Most Illustrious Order of St Patrick, and The Most Honourable Order of the Bath.
History
The first appointees were:
The Order of the Indian Empire, founded in 1877, was intended to be a less exclusive version of the Order of the Star of India; consequently, many more appointments were made to the former than to the latter.
Appointments to the Orders relating to the British Empire in India ceased after 14 August 1947. The Orders have never been formally abolished and Elizabeth II succeeded her father George VI as Sovereign of the Orders when she ascended the throne in 1952. She remains Sovereign of the Order to this day. Today, there are no living members of the order:
Michael R. Clifford
Michael Richard Uram "Rich" Clifford (October 13, 1952 – December 28, 2021) was an American Army officer and NASA astronaut. Clifford was born at an air force base in San Bernardino County, California. He was raised in Ogden, Utah.
Clifford was seen as a Master Army Aviator. Clifford retired from the U.S. Army at the rank of lieutenant colonel.
Clifford had over 12 hours of spacewalk time over three Space Shuttle missions. He was also one of the first people to do a spacewalk while docked to an orbiting space station. The spacewalk was conducted during STS-76, while docked at the Russian space station Mir. He did this, while hiding the fact that he had Parkinson's disease.
Order of the Star of India
Composition
Former Viceroys and other high officials, as well as those who served in the Department of the Secretary of State for India for at least thirty years were eligible for appointment. Rulers of Indian Princely States were also eligible for appointment to the Order. Some states were of such importance that their rulers were almost always appointed Knights Grand Commanders; such rulers included the Nizam of Hyderabad, the Maharaja of Mysore, the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir, the Maharaja of Baroda, the Maharajas of Gwalior, the Nawab of Bhopal, the Maharaja of Indore, the Maharana of Udaipur, the Maharaja of Travancore, the Maharana of Jodhpur and the Maharao of Cutch.
Kashi Naresh Prabhu Narayan Singh of Benares was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (KCIE) in 1892, Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (GCIE) in 1898, and Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India (GCSI) for his services in the First World War in the 1921 New Year Honours.
Rulers of other nations in Asia and the Middle East, including the Emir of Kuwait, the Maharajas of the Rana dynasty, the Khedive of Egypt, the King of Bhutan and the rulers of Zanzibar, Bahrain and Oman were also appointed to the Order. Like some rulers of princely states, some rulers of particular prestige, for example the Maharajas of the Rana dynasty or the Sultans of Oman, were usually appointed Knights Grand Commanders.
Women, who were not princely rulers, could not be members of the Order. They were, admitted as "Knights", rather than as "Dames" or "Ladies". The first woman to be admitted to the Order was HH Nawab Sikandar Begum Sahiba, Nawab Begum of Bhopal; she was created a Knight Companion at the Order's foundation in 1861. The Order's statutes were specially amended to permit the admission of Queen Mary as a Knight Grand Commander in 1911.
Las Lomas, California
Las Lomas is a town in Monterey County, California. At the 2010 census, 3,034 people lived there.
Abraham Benrubi
Abraham Rubibin Hercules Benrubi (born October 4, 1969) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Jerry Markovic in the long-running medical television drama ER, as Larry Kubiac on Parker Lewis Can't Lose, Dennis in Without a Paddle and for his voice acting on the Adult Swim claymation series Robot Chicken. He has aslo been the voices of characters in many video games including many in the World of Warcraft series.
Shelby Fero
Shelby Ann Fero (born October 27, 1993) is an American writer and comedian.
Early life
Fero was born at Stanford Hospital on October 27, 1993. After graduating from Menlo-Atherton High School, she attended the USC School of Cinematic Arts before leaving to pursue a career in comedy.
Leah Cevoli
Leah Ann Cevoli (born; May 4, 1974) is an American movie and television actress, host and producer. She first gained fame on the HBO series Deadwood and for providing voices on the Adult Swim series Robot Chicken.
Barbara Seaman
Seaman died from lung cancer in Manhattan, New York, aged 73.
Sarcohyla bistincta
The Mexican fringe-limbed tree frog or Cope's streamside tree frog (Sarcohyla bistincta) is a frog that lives in Mexico. It lives near fast-flowing streams and rivers, but it also lives in forests where the trees are pine and oak. Scientists have seen it between 1219 and 2900 meters above sea level.
James D. Heiple
James D. Heiple (September 13, 1933 – January 18, 2021) was an American lawyer and Republican politician. He was elected as a Justice of the Illinois Supreme Court in 1990. He was its chief justice from 1997 until his retirement 2000. Heiple was born in Peoria, Illinois.
Heiple died on January 18, 2021 at a hospital in Peoria from a cerebral hemorrhage, aged 87.
Deaths in February 2018
Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source.
Hermitage, Pennsylvania
Hermitage is a city in Mercer County, Pennsylvania, United States. 16,220 people lived here at the 2010 census.
Mauritanian Association for Human Rights
The Mauritanian Association for Human Rights or Association Mauritanienne des Droits de l'Homme (AMDH) (Arabic: للجمعية الموريتانية لحقوق الإنسان ) is a Mauritanian NGO. The organization started in 1991. It works for human rights and watches for human rights violations. Fatimata M’baye is the co-founder and president.
Work
AMDH worked with three main areas of human rights violations: mass killings of black Mauritanian soldiers, deportation of soldiers and members of the press to the desert, and repatriation (sending back refugees) of large groups of Mauritanians from Senegal.
Kids (movie)
Kids is a 1995 American movie set in New York City. The movie is directed by Larry Clark and written by Harmony Korine. It is about teenagers, drugs and HIV. The movie caused serious controversy when it was released. Starring in the movie are Chloë Sevigny and Rosario Dawson. This movie was rated NC-17, though the rating was surrendered and the movie was released with no rating.
Fluminense de Feira Futebol Clube
Fluminense de Feira Futebol Clube, usually known as Fluminense de Feira, or just Fluminense are a Brazilian football team from Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil, founded on January 1, 1941.
Orsinian Tales
Orsinian Tales is a collection of eleven short stories by American writer Ursula K. Le Guin. Most of them happen in Le Guin's imaginary country called Orsinia.
Fluminense de Feira Futebol Clube
Games are played in the Joia da Princesa stadium, capacity 16,274. The team plays in white, red and green striped shirts, white shorts and white socks.
Ravensbrück concentration camp
Ravensbrück concentration camp (pronounced "RAW-vins-brook" ) was a concentration camp for women, run by Nazi Germany during World War II. It was in northern Germany, near the town of Ravensbrück.
Fluminense de Feira Futebol Clube
History
On January 1, 1941, Fluminense de Feira Futebol Clube was founded. Fluminense de Feira became a professional team in 1954. Two years later, the club was runner-up in Campeonato Baiano. In 1963, the club won Campeonato Baiano, its first professional title. In 1968, the club was again Campeonato Baiano runner-up. In the following year, the club won again the state championship.
Orsinian Tales
Most of the stories do not share events or characters. All the stories are emotional personal events. Many are romantic. Larger political events such as wars and revolutions are happening in all of the stories. Le Guin writes about each person's right to his or her own thoughts and emotions. In the stories, Le Guin shows that these emotions should not be controlled by society, rules, or the State.
Ravensbrück concentration camp
The Schutzstaffel (SS), led by Heinrich Himmler, ran Ravensbrück concentration camp.
Fluminense de Feira Futebol Clube
History
In 1992, Fluminense de Feira was runner-up of Brazilian Third Division, after losing the final to Tuna Luso. But, no promotion was given to Fluminense de Feira or Tuna Luso, because neither the second division, nor the third division were disputed in 1993.
Orsinian Tales
Orsinia
The stories are set in a fictional country somewhere in Central Europe. Stories happen between 1150-1965. "Orsinia"is in Le Guin's earliest writings, Le Guin invented Orsinia when she was a young adult learning to write. The names Orsinia and Ursula both come from the Latin word ursus meaning "bear" (ursula = diminutive of ursa "female bear"; ursinus = "bear-like"). Le Guin once said that since Orsinia was her own country it should have her name.
Fluminense de Feira Futebol Clube
History
In 1998, after a very poor campaign, ending in 10th of 12 teams, the club was relegated to the Campeonato Baiano Second Division. In 1999, Fluminense de Feira competed in the Campeonato Baiano Second Division, ending the competition as runner-up, after a 1–1 home match draw, and a 0–0 away match draw against Colo-Colo of Ilhéus. The team gained promotion to the following year's Campeonato Baiano first division.
Ravensbrück concentration camp
Over time, the Nazis made Ravensbrück much bigger. By 1944, Ravensbrück had become a complex (a group of many concentration camps).
Fluminense de Feira Futebol Clube
Stadium
Fluminense de Feira's stadium is Estádio Joia da Princesa, built in 1953, with a maximum capacity of 16,274 people.
Ravensbrück concentration camp
Between 1939 and 1945, about 153,000 people were prisoners at Ravensbrück.
The women's camp
After Heinrich Himmler decided that Ravensbrück should be built, the SS brought about 500 male prisoners from Sachsenhausen concentration camp to the area. The SS forced these prisoners to build Ravensbrück. SS records say that Ravensbruck was designed to hold 3,000 prisoners. pp. 3, 12, 20, 24
Fluminense de Feira Futebol Clube
Symbols
The club is named after Fluminense Football Club of Rio de Janeiro city. Fluminense de Feira's kit, as well as the club logo, are very similar to the Rio de Janeiro's Fluminense ones. The club's nickname, Touro do Sertão, means Backland's Bull. Fluminense de Feira's mascot is a bull.
Ravensbrück concentration camp
The women's camp
Ravensbrück opened in May 1939. The camp's first prisoners were a group of about 900 women sent from Lichtenburg concentration camp. Ravensbrück very quickly became full. From 1939 to 1945, the Nazis were constantly making the camp bigger to hold more and more prisoners.
After Nazi Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, the Nazis made Ravensbrück much larger. They expected to send many Polish people to concentration camps, and they wanted Ravensbrück to be able to fit more prisoners. However, by May 1940 (just eight months after World War II started), Ravensbrück was full of prisoners. p. 15
When Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union in summer 1941, there were about 5,000 prisoners at Ravensbrück. p. 15 By the end of 1942, the camp held 10,000 prisoners (including many Soviet prisoners of war). p. 15
At its most crowded, the women's camp held 50,000 prisoners.
New camps
To make room for more and more prisoners, the Nazis added new camps to the original women's camp.
In June 1942, a "juvenile protective custody camp" called Uckermark was built next to the men's camp. This was a camp just for teenage girls and young women.
By 1944, the SS had forced prisoners to build over 40 smaller camps (called sub-camps). These sub-camps held over 70,000 prisoners, mostly women. The original Ravensbrück camp became the office for these sub-camps. However, women prisoners were still kept there, and male prisoners had to keep making the camp bigger to fit more prisoners.
Types of prisoners
Of the 153,000 people who were prisoners at Ravensbrück between 1939 and 1945:
People were sent to Ravensbrück for many different reasons. Prisoners at Ravensbrück included:
By country
The Nazis sent people from over 30 countries to Ravensbrück. For example, historians estimate that:
Guards
Male SS members were in charge of Ravensbrück. However, the camp had over 150 female SS members who guarded the prisoners.
Ravensbrück was also a training camp for SS women. They learned how to be concentration camp guards at Ravensbrück. Then they would stay and work there, or go work at another camp. Over 4,000 SS women trained at Ravensbrück.
Many of the female SS guards at Ravensbrück, like Irma Grese, treated the prisoners very badly.
Arriving at Ravensbrück
When prisoners first got to Ravensbrück, their hair was usually shaved off. The SS took away their personal things, including their clothes. Prisoners had to wear striped uniforms, which included a dress and a head scarf. Later on in the war, when there were not enough uniforms, women were sometimes allowed to wear their own clothes. However, they had to mark a big white "X" on the back of their clothes to show that they were prisoners. p. 76
Every prisoner was given a serial number. The SS never called them by their names - only by their numbers.
Prisoners had to sew their serial numbers onto their clothes. They also had to wear colored triangles which showed why they were sent to Ravensbrück. In the middle of the triangle, they had to sew a letter saying what country they were from. For example, Polish prisoners had to sew a red triangle with the letter "P" (for Poland) onto their clothes. (A red triangle showed that a person was a political enemy of Nazi Germany.)
Living conditions
When Ravensbrück first opened, and the camp was not too crowded, living conditions were not too bad. However, during the winter of 1939 to 1940, the camp got more crowded, and the SS reacted by giving the prisoners less food. After 1941, the food got much worse, and prisoners got much less of it.
The women's camp at Ravensbrück had twelve barracks where the prisoners lived. They slept on wooden bunks which had three rows, one on top of the other. Each barrack had a washroom and three toilets with no doors. There was very little sanitation. After 1943, sanitation in the barracks got much worse. This made it easier for diseases to spread.
Towards the end of World War II, the camp was so crowded that 1,500 to 2,000 women were packed into barracks meant to hold only 250 people. Many women had to sleep on the floor, without even a blanket. In 1945, the barracks were so crowded and sanitation was so bad that an epidemic of typhus spread through the camp. The disease killed many prisoners.
Slave labor
After roll call, prisoners went to work. Every prisoner at Ravensbrück was forced to work. If a person could not work, they would be killed.
Many prisoners worked at a Siemens Electric Company factory next to the women's camp. The prisoners worked as slaves, making parts for Nazi V-1 and V-2 rockets (flying bombs). Other prisoners worked at important German companies like Daimler-Benz (now Mercedes-Benz) and AEG (a German electrical company).
Some women had to work outside. They built roads and buildings. Sometimes these women were used like animals. For example, sometimes twelve to fourteen women would have to pull a huge roller to pave the streets.
Women who were too sick or injured to do other jobs - usually because of medical experiments - knitted things like socks for the German Army, or cleaned the barracks and latrines.
Prisoners usually worked for twelve hours a day. Some worked from 7:00 in the morning to 7:00 at night. Others worked from 7:00 at night to 7:00 in the morning.
Prisoners did not have to work on Sundays.
Medical experiments
Starting in 1942, Nazi doctors did medical experiments on 86 women prisoners. The doctors did two types of experiments.
In the first type, the doctors cut the women's legs, muscles, and nerves, or broke their leg bones. Then they infected these wounds with bacteria. Sometimes they rubbed wood or glass into the wounds. Then they gave the women sulfanilamide antibiotics to see if they would work.
In the second type of experiment, the doctors studied whether bones could be taken from one person and put into another person. They amputated some women's arms or legs to do these experiments.
In January 1945, Nazi doctors sterilized about 120 to 140 Roma women and children. The doctors were trying to find a quick, easy way to sterilize people.
Some women died from these experiments. The SS killed some other women who had wounds that did not heal.
Sexual abuse
Some of the women and young children at Ravensbrück were raped or sexually abused.
Starting in 1942, the SS created brothels in eight other concentration camps, like Buchenwald and Dachau. Women from Ravensbrück were forced to work as prostitutes in these brothels.
Death at Ravensbrück
Nobody agrees on how many people died or were murdered at Ravensbrück. Estimates range from 52,200, to 90,000, p. 8 to 117,000.
Prisoners at Ravensbrück died for many reasons. These included:
Many prisoners were also murdered by the SS.
Murder
Unlike many other concentration camps, Ravensbrück did not have its own gas chamber until early 1945. The SS used other ways of killing prisoners.
Regularly, the SS would perform "selections." They would pick out prisoners who looked too sick or weak to work. Then they would kill these prisoners.
At first, the SS killed prisoners by shooting them or giving them lethal injections in the camp's "hospital." Then, starting in 1942, they began sending prisoners to other places that did have gas chambers, like Hartheim Euthanasia Centre, so they could be killed there. Between 1942 and 1944, the SS sent about 60 groups of prisoners to Hartheim to be gassed to death. Each group had 60 to 1,000 prisoners in it.
Sarah Jacobson
Sarah Jacobson (August 25, 1971, Norwalk, Connecticut – February 13, 2004 New York City) was an American independent filmmaker who wrote, produced, and filmed her own movies. She was known for her work Mary Jane's Not a Virgin Anymore.
Jacobson died from endometrial cancer in New York City, aged 32.
Ravensbrück concentration camp
Murder
In early 1945, the SS made prisoners build a gas chamber at Ravensbrück. By this time, the Nazis knew that the Soviet Red Army was getting close. They wanted to kill as many prisoners as possible before the Red Army arrived. In its last few months, Ravensbrück became an extermination camp (a death camp). The SS started sending children and prisoners from Ravensbrück's sub-camps to the main camp, so they could be gassed to death. In just a few months, the SS killed 5,000 to 6,000 prisoners in the gas chamber.
Death march and freedom
In March 1945, the Red Army was very close to Ravensbrück. The SS did not want to leave any witnesses to tell the Soviets what had happened at Ravensbrück. In March, they sent about 8,000 prisoners to other concentration camps.
On April 29, the SS guards that were still at Ravensbrück ran away from the camp. The next day, the Red Army arrived at Ravensbrück and freed the camp. They found only about 3,000 very sick prisoners. These were the prisoners that the SS had left behind because they were too sick to march.
Niranjan Bhagat
Niranjan Bhagat (18 April 1926 – 1 February 2018) was an Indian poet and commentator. He was born in Ahmedabad, India. Bhagat won the 1999 Sahitya Akademi Award for Gujarati language for his work Gujarati Sahiyta-Purvardha Uttarardha. He was also an English poet, and had written over a hundred poems in English, most being written in the style of Gitanjali.
Bhagat died of a stroke on 1 February 2018 in Ahmedabad at the age of 91.
Pine woods tree frog
The femoral hyla, pine woods tree frog, hyla of the pine woods, piney wood tree frog, pine tree frog, piny woods tree frog, or pine-woods tree frog (Dryophytes femoralis) is a frog that lives in the North America. It lives in the southeastern United States, from Virginia south to Florida and west to Mississippi and Louisiana.
The adult male frog is about 4.0 cm long from nose to rear end, and the adult female frog is a little longer. It is medium brown to dark brown in color, with darker spots on the back. It can have orange spots on its sides.
Robert Frederick Froehlke
Robert Frederick Froehlke (October 15, 1922 – February 12, 2016) was an American businessman, lawyer, and politician. He served as Secretary of the Army from July 1971 until May 1973.
Jamie Loftus
Jamie Bethany Loftus (born August 18, 1993 in Boston, Massachusetts) is an American writer, stand-up alternative comedian, animator, podcast co-host and actress based in Los Angeles. She is known for her solo work, such as her one-woman shows I Lost My Virginity on August 15, 2010 and Boss, Whom is Girl. She has also written comedic articles, and written/starred in video content, for media sites such as Adult Swim, Comedy Central, Paste and Super Deluxe. She was nominated for an Emmy for her work on Robot Chicken in 2020.
Sound Transit
Sound Transit (ST), officially the Central Puget Sound Regional Transit Authority, is the public transit system in Seattle, Washington, United States. It covers Seattle and its neighboring cities with light rail trains, commuter trains, and buses. Sound Transit gets its money from sales tax, property tax, and a fee on license plate stickers ("car tabs").
Eleanor Hodgman Porter
Eleanor Emily Hodgman Porter (December 19, 1868 – May 21, 1920) was an American novelist, most known for Pollyanna (1913) and Just David (1916).
Henry & June
Henry & June was a 1990 American movie. It is based on a book by French writer Anaïs Nin. The movie is about Nin's relationship with American writer Henry Miller and his wife June. The movie stars Fred Ward, Uma Thurman, and Maria de Medeiros. It was the first movie to be given the MPAA's rating of NC-17. The movie was released during the autumn of 1990.
Tamara Garfield
Tamara Garfield American actress, comedian, director and screenwriter. She is a recurring voice actor on Adult Swim's Robot Chicken. Garfield is the voice of the lead female dog "Callie" in the feature movie Rescue Dogs.
Asia Pacific Democrat Union
The Asia Pacific Democrat Union (APDU), is in international political centre-right, right group of political parties in the Asia Pacific Region. This union is tied and related to the International Democrat Union that is based in Munich ,Germany, the (APDU) Is labelled as a regional union on the International Democrat Union (IDU) Website.
This Union currently has 15 members, ranging from Bangladesh to El Salvador, the current chairperson is Ranil Wickramasinghe the former Sri Lankan Prime Minister Serving in this position since 2016. Tenzin Dargyalb Khangsar  (Canada) From Tibet serves as vice chairman of the union making him the first person of Tibetan ancestry to represent the organisation. This lead to Controversy with China disagreeing with this Choice due to Tenzin Dargyalb Khangsar (Canada) previously denouncing China's claims on Tibet. BNP secretary general Mirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir (India) has also been chosen as vice chairman and Hassan Latheef (Maldives).
The Asia Pacific Democrat Union (APDU), does not have a separate website but you can email, and there party address currently is Sirikotha 400 Kotte Road, Pita Kotte Sri Jayawardenepura, Sri Lanka witch is also the headquarters of the United National Party (UNP).
Current party members and affiliates include a range of party in government and opposition including the Liberal party of Australia, The Republican Party of the United States and even the Kuomintang in Republic of China (Taiwan). A full list of party members can be found Bellow.
Tom Prebble
Thomas Kenneth Prebble (November 1945 – 17 January 2021) was a New Zealand educationalist and university administrator. He was born in Wellington, New Zealand.
In the 2019 New Zealand Honours, Prebble was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit.
Prebble died on 17 January 2021 in Palmerston North, New Zealand aged 75.
Soudan, Loire-Atlantique
Soudan is a commune. It is in the Pays de la Loire region in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France.
U Nu
U Nu (ဦးနု; ; 25 May 1907 – 14 February 1995) was the first Prime Minister of Burma. He served from 4 January 1948 to 12 June 1956, again from 28 February 1957 to 28 October 1958, and finally from 4 April 1960 to 2 March 1962.
Burma gained independence from Britain on 4 January 1948. Nu became the first prime minister of the new country. He quit being prime minister in 1956. He again served as prime minister between Ba Swe and Ne Win.
Nu was one of the leaders of the Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League (AFPFL) from 1942 to 1963. The AFPFL had two groups of power. Nu's group won the 1960 election. He then became prime minister. On 2 March 1962 General Ne Win took control of the government. Nu was then kept in an army camp. Nu continued to claim he was the legal prime minister. In 1988 he tried to form his own government with Win Maung as president.
Nu wrote an autobiography called Ta-Tei Sanei Tha (Naughty Saturday-born). It was published in India by Irrawaddy Publishing (U Maw Thiri) in 1975. He wrote several other books including The People Win Through (1951), Burma under the Japanese (1954), An Asian Speaks (1955), and Burma Looks Ahead (1951).
Religion
U Nu was a popular spiritual leader of his country. During the 1960 election he promised to make Buddhism the official state religion. On 29 August 1961, Parliament passed a law making Buddhism the state religion. Ne Win removed the law in 1962.
Barbara Gronemus
Barbara (née Barry) Gronemus (November 21, 1931 – January 17, 2021) was an American politician and farmer. Gronemus was born in Norwalk, Wisconsin. She was a Democratic Party member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1982 through 2008.
Gronemus died in Blair, Wisconsin on January 17, 2021 at the age of 89.
Gmina Mysłakowice
Gmina Mysłakowice is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Jelenia Góra County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Mysłakowice, which is about 7 km southeast of Jelenia Góra and 94 km west of the regional capital Wrocław.
Bkonni Department
Bkonni is a department of the Tahoua Region in Niger. Its capital is Birni-N'Konni.
Gmina Mysłakowice
The gmina covers an area of 88.75 km2, and as of 2006 its total population is 9,990.
Neighbouring gminas
Gmina Mysłakowice is bordered by the towns of Jelenia Góra and Kowary and the gminas of Janowice Wielkie, Kamienna Góra and Podgórzyn.
Villages
The gmina contains the villages of Bukowiec, Dąbrowica, Gruszków, Karpniki, Kostrzyca, Krogulec, Łomnica, Mysłakowice, Strużnica and Wojanów.
Emperor Kōtoku
Emperor Kôtoku was the 36th emperor of Japan according to the traditional counting. He was also called "Taika," for "Great Change." He ruled from 645 AD - 654 AD. He made the Taika Reforms, which changed parts of Tang dynasty ways of thinking about politics, running the government, and doing rituals for the Japanese court.
With the Taika Reforms, Kôtoku changed the way court officers wore clothes in 647. People of different rank (level of importance) wore different clothes. Kôtoku also said that the government had a monopoly on mined iron ore, meaning that no one else was allowed to mine iron ore. Before that, the Wakebe clan had mined iron ore.
After Kôtoku died in 654, Kôgyoku became the Empress again, but this time she was called Empress Saimei.
Changeling
In stories (folklore), a changeling is the child of a troll, elf, or fairy that has been left in the place of a human child. The stolen human child then lives with the troll family. A changeling is like a human baby but ugly, always hungry, and with a bad temper. Sometimes the changelings are much wiser than a human baby would be.
It is thought that changeling stories came from actual events. A family who had a handicapped or sick child may have traded their sick child for a healthier, better-looking child.
Folklore says that it might be possible for parents to figure out that their child has been replaced with a changeling. If they discovered the changeling quickly enough, they could get their human child back. One way to get the child back was to put the changeling in an oven. Another way was to put the changeling in a forest so that the troll could take its child back. Sometimes children died in the oven or forest.
Fabolous
John David Jackson (born November 18, 1977), better known as Fabolous, is an American rapper. He was born in Brooklyn, New York City. He released his first album, Ghetto Fabolous, in 2001.
Southern District (Botswana)
Southern is one of the districts of Botswana. The capital city is Kanye.
There are three sub-districts: Barolong, Ngwaketse and Ngwaketse West.
West Bloomfield Township, Michigan
West Bloomfield Township, officially the Charter Township of West Bloomfield, is a charter township in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan, within the Detroit metropolitan area. It is one of the most expensive places to live in Oakland County. As of the 2010 census, the township had a population of 64,690.
Eric Brown (pilot)
Captain Eric Melrose "Winkle" Brown, CBE, DSC, AFC, Hon FRAeS, RN (21 January 1919 – 21 February 2016) was a Scottish Royal Navy officer and test pilot. He flew 487 different types of aircraft, more than anyone else in history.
He also held the world record for most aircraft carrier landings performed (2,407) and was the Fleet Air Arm's most decorated living pilot. He achieved several "firsts" in naval aviation, including the first landings on an aircraft carrier of a twin-engined aircraft, an aircraft with a tricycle undercarriage and a jet-propelled aircraft.
Najm ad-Din Ayyub
Najm ad-Din Ayyub (Arabic: نجم الدين أيوب) (died August 9, 1173) was a Kurdish soldier and politician from Dvin ( capital of early medieval Armenia ) His son was Saladin (Salah ah-Din), He is eponymous ancestor of the Ayyubid dynasty.
Eddie Shaw
Eddie Shaw (March 20, 1937 – January 29, 2018) was an American Chicago blues tenor saxophonist, arranger and bandleader. He was born in Stringtown, Mississippi. He led Howlin' Wolf's band, the Wolf Gang, from 1972, both before Wolf's death in 1976.
In 2013 and 2014, Shaw won the Blues Music Award in the category Instrumentalist – Horn.
Shaw died on January 29, 2018 in Chicago of natural causes, aged 80.
Norwalk, Wisconsin
Norwalk is a village in Monroe County, Wisconsin, United States.
Bruno Zuppiger
Bruno Zuppiger (24 February 1952 – 19 February 2016) was a Swiss management consultant and politician. He was a member of the conservative Swiss People's Party. He served on the Swiss National Council representing the Canton of Zürich. In 1999, he was elected to the National Council. He was chairman of the National Council's Finance Committee and also served on the Security Policy Committee.
Zuppiger was born in St. Gallen, Switzerland. He graduated from the University of St. Gallen and the Zürich Teachers' Seminary in 1976. Zuppiger died in Hinwil on 19 February 2016 of sudden heart failure. He was aged 63.
Charles Blanvillain
Charly B (born Charles Blanvillain, 28 September 1981) is a French reggae artist, author, composer, interpreter, performing internationally.
Early life
Born in Rome, Italy from a family of musicians, he is from French, German and Armenian origins. At the age of 4 he moves to Geneva (Switzerland) where he spends most of his childhood. Music is then everything to him, and he discovers reggae at the age of 15, when he spends one year in Jamaica at IONA High School, hosted in a Jamaican family, having obtained a scholarship from the American Field Service. Later on, after passing his international baccalaureate, he studies sound techniques at the School of Recording Arts, Canada and at the Sound and Audio Engineering School in Geneva, Switzerland.
He starts to be interested in Reggae music very early, and at the age of 15, he composes his first song. His musical studies in Canada, long stays in Jamaica, and time spent living in France near the Swiss border form the cultural triumvirate from which Charly B draws his artistic vision. He has been singing with legends of dancehall like Capleton, Kiprich, De Marco and Anthony B.
Career
In 2002, at the age of 21, he wins the first prize for the best Geneva (Switzerland) Singjay  In 2003, he writes a song for the movie Destination Jamaica by George Tait (Jungle George)  In 2004, his song "My Queen" appears in the DVD sold with the Austrian surfers' magazine Methodmag, published in 60,000 copies. In 2005 he wins the 1st prize for best Singjay in Switzerland organized by Giddeon Productions  Unfortunately, he cannot take advantage of the prize (concert on the main stage of Rototom Sunsplash Festival 2005) in Italy, as he is expected in Jamaica that summer, and therefore gives his prize to the number 2 in the competition, Elijah. In 2007, Eliane Dambre from the Ateliers du Funambule sponsored by Michel Fugain, which studios are based in Nyon, decides to present his candidacy to the Eurovision for Switzerland, against DJ Bobo to represent Switzerland, but his candidacy is too late to be retained. More recently, in 2009, he has won the price for the best reggae song at the competition organized by Reggae Europe. He has deposited to SACEM over 100 titles entirely composed by him (music and lyrics), in French, English and Jamaican patois.
Encounter with Jon Baker
In summer 2009, he makes what he calls "a crucial encounter" with the producer Jon Baker, and records at Geejam Studios his album Forever, which will be released in 2011 under the label Geejam Recordings/ Forward Recordings. This encounter with Jon Baker is very important for the artist; the British producer (a friend of Chris Blackwell, founder of Island Records), has discovered many talents, among which recently the reggae singer Alborosie and The Jolly Boys. Moreover, he gains the confidence of Reggae Europe who partners with Geejam Recordings for the album Forever.