cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Christmas Island
Government
In early 1986 the Christmas Island Assembly held a design competition for an island flag; the winning design was adopted as the informal flag of the territory for more than ten years, and in 2002 it was made the official flag of Christmas Island.
Monopoly
Monopoly model and efficiency
Depending on the total cost that the monopoly has, a monopoly may be able to earn supernormal profits in the long run. This thus allows the monopoly to have money to do costly innovation or become more cost efficient in producing the products or services. However, there are people who believe that a monopoly may become complacent and not do innovation at all as there is no competition in the market.
Christmas Island
Government
The annual red crab mass migration (around 100 million animals) to the sea to spawn has been called one of the wonders of the natural world and takes place each year around November; after the start of the wet season and in synchronisation with the cycle of the moon.
Monopoly
Natural monopoly
A natural monopoly can happen when there is very high barriers to entry that it is not profitable for more firms to enter the market for the level of demand that is present in the market. A natural monopoly keeps getting increasing economies of scale for the level of demand in the market, and relatively high fixed costs. The average cost of production would then keep decreasing for the whole demand of the product or service. It is thus cheaper for a single firm to produce the product or service, as it would not be profitable for two or more firms to be in the market.
A natural monopoly is similar to a normal monopoly and can be inefficient. Hence, governments tend to make laws that controls what the natural monopoly does, mainly to set prices at an affordable level.
Kill 'Em All
Kill 'Em All is the first album by Metallica, an American thrash metal band. It was released on July 25, 1983. It has sold over three million copies in the United States. When it was released most of the reviews were good. Two singles were released from the album, "Whiplash" and "Jump in the Fire". The album was going to be called Metal Up Your Ass. However, the record label that released the album did not want this. Cliff Burton, the band's bass guitar player, said "why don't we just kill 'em all?" when talking about the record label. The band decided to use "Kill 'Em All" as the album's name.
Christmas Island
Tourism
The Christmas Island National Park covers 63% of the island. This means that for the visitor interested in plants and animals there is a great deal to see. There is also lots of amazing marine life in the sea.
Other websites
General
Tourism
Lonely Boy (Andrew Gold song)
"Lonely Boy" is a 1977 song by Andrew Gold. It was taken from his second studio album What's Wrong with This Picture?. It went to number 7 in both the United States and Canada, number 40 in New Zealand, number 11 in the United Kingdom and number 32 in Australia. It was his biggest hit in the United States.
Ocicat
The Ocicat is a breed of cat. It looks like a wild cat but has no wild DNA in its gene pool. The Ocicat is spotted like a wild cat but is tame and has the behavior of a domestic animal. It got its name because it looks like an ocelot. The breed started accidentally by mating Siameses and Abyssinians. Later, American Shorthairs (silver tabby cats) were added to the mix. This gave the breed their silver color, bone structure and patterns. Now, the Ocicat is a popular breed all over the world.
Behavior
Most Ocicats are friendly and are not shy. This makes them good family pets. Most can also get along well with other animals. Their mood and actions are similar to those of a dog. Most can be trained to fetch toys, walk on a leash, come when called, and other dog-related tricks. Some even like the water. They are playful and like toys very much. So these pets need attention from their owners.
History
The first breeder of Ocicats was Virginia Daly, in Michigan, who tried to breed an Abyssinian-pointed Siamese in 1964. Her kittens looked like Abyssinians. But when they were later mated, there was not only an Abyssinian-pointed Siamese, but a spotted kitten,Tonga. The breeder's daughter, nicknamed Tonga an 'ocicat'. Tonga was sold as a pet, but his parent cats had more spotted kittens. This began the Ocicat breed. Other breeders then also did the same steps. They mated Siamese cats to Abyssinians, and then those cat descendents to Siameses to get Ocicat kittens. The Ocicat was accepted in The Cat Fanciers' Association and was first shown for championships in 1987.
Dustin Pedroia
Dustin Luis Pedroia (born August 17, 1983 in Woodland, California) is a Major League Baseball player for the Boston Red Sox. He played college baseball at Arizona State University. He is 5ft 9in and 180 lb. He won the 2007 American League Rookie of the Year award.
Sally Kirkland (editor)
Sally Kirkland (El Reno, 1 July 1912 – New York City, 1 May 1989) was a fashion editor at Vogue magazine between 1947 and 1969. Her daughter is the actress Sally Kirkland.
Narcolepsy
Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder. It happens when the nervous system does not work properly. People with narcolepsy tend to fall asleep during the daytime, even if they do not want to. Very often, they do not sleep well at night, and during the day they fall asleep uncontrollably. There are two different forms. The classical (more common) form is the one with muscle failure (called cataplexy). There is also a less common form without cataplexy.
Sally Kirkland (editor)
In July 1954 in Rome, during the "Alta Moda in Castel Sant'Angelo", in the evocative setting of the famous castle, the fashion stylists Emilio Schuberth, Vincenzo Ferdinandi, the Sorelle Fontana, Giovannelli-Sciarra, Eleanora Garnett and Mingolini-Guggenheim they gave her a prize for her role as ambassador of Italian fashion in the United States.
Kirkland also received the "Order of the Star of Italian Solidarity" in 1954 from the Italian Government for her news on the Italian fashion. She told a friend that she "was secretly pleased, because the medal was green and gold and looked well on the orange evening dress she had wear for the show".
Narcolepsy
The first description was given in 1877. Jean-Baptiste Gélineau, a military doctor, first used the name narcolepsy in 1880.
Sally Kirkland (editor)
Together with Grace Kelly and Vera Maxwell, Kirkland received a Neiman-Marcus award in 1955 for her contribution to fashion.
Narcolepsy
In certain countries, people diagnosed with narcolepsy may not drive a car.
Symptoms
Things that people with narcolepsy may experience:
Hallucinations, sleep paralysis, and automatic behaviour can also occur in people who are not narcoleptics. This usually happens when people are very tired, and have not slept for a long time.
Causes
Some scientists think that narcolepsy is caused by a lack of hypocretin. Hypocretin is a chemical in the brain which wakes people up and regulates sleep. However, It is not yet known for sure what causes it. Quite a few sufferers also have another family member with the disease. This may point to the fact that some of the things that cause the disease may be passed from the parents to the children through genes.
Treatments
There are certain drugs that can treat the effects of narcolepsy. They can not treat the cause, since it is unknown. In general those drugs are special kinds of stimulants. General stimulants, like coffee, usually do not help. Some strategies for treatment do not rely on drugs:
Three-strikes law
In most states, only crimes at the felony level qualify as serious crimes. In some places, only violent felonies qualify as serious.
The expression "Three strikes and you are out" comes from baseball. If a batter gets three strikes, they strike out.
History
The idea of giving longer prison sentences to repeat criminals is not new. Judges often consider earlier crimes when deciding the punishment. However, in most cases, laws did not require a longer prison sentence. There is a more recent history of mandatory prison sentences for repeat criminals.
During Prohibition, the state of Michigan made one of the harshest laws against carrying alcohol in the nation. The law required a life sentence for those breaking alcohol laws for the fourth time. In 1928, Etta Mae Miller, a mother of four, was found guilty under this law. People were very angry at the state.
The first true "three-strikes" law was passed in 1993, when Washington voters approved Initiative 593. California passed its own in 1994, when their voters passed Proposition 184, with 72% voting yes and 28% voting no. The initiative proposed to the voters had the title of Three Strikes and You're Out. This meant a person would go to prison for life after three violent or serious felonies.
The idea quickly spread to other states, but none of them chose to adopt a law as extensive as California's. By 2004, twenty-six states and the federal government had laws that can be called "three-strikes" laws. Each of these laws said that a third felony conviction brings a sentence of 20 years to life in prison. The person must serve 20 years before they can qualify for parole. A 1997 study found that in California, "the three-strikes law did not decrease serious crime or petty theft rates below the level expected on the basis of preexisting trends."
S.L. Benfica
Sport Lisboa e Benfica, simply known as Benfica or SLB, is a professional football team from Portugal. It is based in the capital city of Portugal, Lisbon. The team plays their home games at Estádio da Luz.
Benfica has won 37 Portuguese Leagues, 29 Portuguese Cups, 7 League Cups, 8 Portuguese Supercups and 2 UEFA Champions League titles. They also reached 5 Champions League finals, 3 Europa League finals and 2 Intercontinental Cup finals. They are the most successful team in the Primeira Liga and its fanbase is the biggest in Portugal, being traditionally very popular among workclass Lisbon suburbs and around the world among the portuguese diaspora, especially in its ex-colonies.
Retired numbers
On 27 January 2004, Benfica retired squad number 29 in memory of Miklós Fehér, who had died while playing for them two days earlier.
Goh Kun
Goh Gun (고건; hanja 高建; born January 2, 1938 ) is a Korean politicians and civil servants.
Career
Goh is best known as Interior Minister, Agriculture Minister, and Prime Minister of South Korea. He was also mayor of Seoul.
He served as Acting President of Korea in 2004.
C.F. Os Belenenses
C.F. Os Belenenses is a football club which plays in Portugal.
Recession
A recession is where there is a long period of time where there is economic decline. This can mean that people are choosing not to spend their money (due to Deflation) or are choosing to rapidly convert their money (due to Inflation).
An example of this is the Great Recession of 2007-2008.
Boavista F.C.
Boavista F.C. is a football club which plays in Portugal.
Neil Gaiman
Neil Richard MacKinnon Gaiman (born Neil Richard Gaiman; 10 November 1960) is an English author of short fiction, novels, comic books, graphic novels, audio theatre and movies. His known works include the comic book series The Sandman and novels Stardust, American Gods, Coraline, and The Graveyard Book.
Aerviva
Aerviva is international Dubai-based aviation recruitment consultancy that provides recruitment, onboarding, and contract management services for aviation personnel in the European and Middle Eastern markets, as well as staff leasing and aviation consultancy solutions.
Neil Gaiman
He has won many awards, including the Hugo, Nebula, and Bram Stoker awards, as well as the Newbery and Carnegie medals. He is the first author to win both the Newbery and the Carnegie medals for the same work, The Graveyard Book (2008).
In 2013, The Ocean at the End of the Lane was voted Book of the Year in the British National Book Awards.
Gaiman is married to Amanda Palmer. He lives in Wisconsin and Cambridge, Massachusetts. He has a son and two daughters by his ex-wife, and a son from Palmer, his current wife.
Apatite
Apatite is a group of phosphate minerals with high concentrations of OH−, F−, Cl− or ions, respectively, in the crystal.
Apatite is characteristic of biological systems. It is one of a few minerals produced and used by biological micro-environmental systems. It hardness defines 5 on the Mohs scale. Hydroxyapatite is the main component of tooth enamel and bone mineral.
Fluorapatite (or fluoroapatite) is more resistant to acid attack than is hydroxyapatite. In the mid-20th century it was discovered that communities whose water supply naturally contained fluorine had lower rates of dental caries. Fluoridated water allows exchange in the teeth of fluoride ions for hydroxyl groups in apatite. Similarly, toothpaste often includes a source of fluoride anions (e.g. sodium fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate).
Aerviva
Overview
Aerviva DWC was established on November 15, 2015, in Dubai Aviation City Corporation (DACC) Free Zone under Dubai South HQ to offer human resource consultancy services to private airlines, MRO and aviation companies. Jainita Hogervorst is the general manager of the company. In 2022, Aerviva established Aerviva Aviation Consultancy with an office in the mainland of Dubai, UAE.
John Ruskin
John Ruskin (8 February 1819 – 20 January 1900) was the leading English art critic of the Victorian era. He was also an art patron, draughtsman, watercolourist, a prominent social thinker and philanthropist. He was hugely influential in the last half of the 19th century, up to the First World War.
Ruskin wrote on a wide range of subjects. These included geology, architecture, myths, ornithology, literature, education, botany, and political economy. In all his writing, he emphasised the connections between nature, art and society. He also made detailed sketches and paintings of rocks, plants, birds, landscapes, and architectural structures and ornamentation.
Ruskin first came to widespread attention with the first volume of Modern Painters (1843), an extended essay in defence of the work of J. M. W. Turner. He argued that the principal role of the artist is "truth to nature". From the 1850s he championed the Pre-Raphaelites who were influenced by his ideas.
In 1869, Ruskin became the first Slade Professor of Fine Art at the University of Oxford, where he established the Ruskin School of Drawing. He founded the Guild of St George, an organisation that still exists.
Kotovsky (movie)
Kotovsky (Москве) is a 1942 Soviet drama movie directed by Aleksandr Faintsimmer. It stars Nikolai Mordvinov, Vasili Vanin, and Nikolay Kryuchkov.
Darby's Rangers (1958 movie)
Darby's Rangers (released in the UK as The Young Invaders) is a 1958 American World War II drama movie directed by William A. Wellman and is based on the 1945 novel by Major James J. Altieri. It stars James Garner, Jack Warden, Edd Byrnes, Stuart Whitman, Murray Hamilton, Etchika Choureau and was distributed by Warner Bros..
Flip Wilson
Clerow "Flip" Wilson Jr. (8 December 1933 – 25 November 1998) was an African-American comedian whose career was successful in the 1960s and 1970s. He is perhaps best known for his television variety series The Flip Wilson Show, which earned him a Golden Globe and two Emmy Awards.
On November 25, 1998, Wilson died from liver cancer in Malibu, California, aged 64.
Project X
Project X is an American comedy movie from 2012. It was directed by Nima Nourizadeh and written by Michael Bacall and Matt Drake. The story is about three teenagers—Thomas, Costa and J. B.—who plan to gain popularity by throwing a party. Their plan quickly gets out of their control. Most of the movie's cast were not famous, being relatively new to acting. The movie is filmed as a home video from the perspective of one of the teenagers attending the party and using a camera to record the night's events.
Project X was released in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom on 2 March 2012. It made over US$100 million worldwide during its time in cinemas.
Soundtrack
The Project X (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack album for the movie. It was released by WaterTower Music on February 28, 2012. It has several artists and tracks released in the past decade. Musical genres range from hip hop to house music. The soundtrack mainly has the thirteen tracks that played in the movie. The soundtrack debuted on the U.S. Billboard Top 200 albums chart at number twenty-three. It peaked at number three on March 15th.
The soundtrack featured songs by Kid Cudi, D12, MGK, Nas, and Pusha T. A popular song from the album is American rap artist Kid Cudi's 2010 single "Pursuit of Happiness." The song was re-released by disc jockey and house music producer Steve Aoki in 2011. Both versions were on the soundtrack.
Garfield County, Colorado
Garfield County is one of the 64 counties in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 61,685. The county seat is Glenwood Springs. The county is named in honor of U.S. President James A. Garfield.
Garfield County was founded on February 10, 1883.
Homicide
Homicide is when one person kills (causes the death of) another person. Homicide is often a crime but sometimes is is not. If the killer wanted to cause death, it can be a crime called murder. If the killer did not want to cause death, but had no care for their own behavior, it can be a crime called manslaughter. Fighting to keep oneself safe from harm is called self-defense. If a person needed to kill for self-defense, it is usually not a crime. If a person killed in self-defense when they did not need to kill, it may be a crime.
McCollough effect
The McCollough effect is a phenomenon of human vision: Colorless gratings appear colored contingent on the orientation of the gratings. People need time to see the effect. For example, if someone looks at a red horizontal grating and then at a green vertical grating for a few minutes, a black-and-white horizontal grating will look greenish and a black-and-white vertical grating will then look pinkish. The effect is remarkable for often lasting up to three months or more.
The effect was discovered by American psychologist Celeste McCollough in 1965.
Aashiqui 2
Aashiqui 2 is a 2013 Indian Hindi-language romantic musical drama movie directed by Mohit Suri and produced by Mukesh Bhatt, Bhushan Kumar and Krishan Kumar under the Vishesh Films and T-Series Films, with Mahesh Bhatt serving as presenter. This is a sequel to the 1990 musical movie Aashiqui and the movie stars Aditya Roy Kapur and Shraddha Kapoor in the lead roles, with Shaad Randhawa and Mahesh Thakur in supporting roles.
The movie released on 26 April 2013 and opened to positive reviews and the movie became a commercial success at the box-office although there were newcomers, and was one of the highest-grossing Bollywood films of 2013. This movie was a turning point in both Aditya Roy Kapur and Shraddha Kapoor's movie careers.
A Real Basket Case
A Real Basket Case is a fictional mystery novel that was written by Beth Groundwater. It was published by Five Star Publishing on March 21, 2007. It was later re-published in large print in January 2008. The novel follows the story of Claire Hanover who sets out to find out who murdered her husband.
2008 Summer Olympics
The 2008 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad, were celebrated in Beijing, People's Republic of China from August 8 to August 24. The opening ceremony began at 08:08:08 pm CST (12:08:08 UTC) at the Beijing National Stadium in Beijing, People's Republic of China. During the games, 10,500 athletes competed in 302 events in 28 sports.
Włodzimierz Kotoński
Włodzimierz Kotoński (23 August 1925 – 4 September 2014) was a Polish composer. In the years 1974–1976 he was head music editor at the Polskie Radio and head music director for the Polish Radio and Television.
2008 Summer Olympics
The Olympic games were awarded to Beijing after a vote of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) on July 13 2001. The official logo of the games, titled "Dancing Beijing," features a stylised calligraphic character jīng (京, meaning capital), meaning the host city. The mascots of Beijing 2008 are the five Fuwa, each representing both a colour of the Olympic rings and a symbol of Chinese culture. The Olympic slogan, One World, One Dream, calls upon the world to unite in the Olympic spirit. Several new NOCs were also recognised by the IOC.
A Real Basket Case
It was put up for the Best First Novel Agatha Award in 2007. The sequel, To Hell in a Handbasket is scheduled to be published in 2009.
Włodzimierz Kotoński
In the years 1980–1983 he was vice president, and in 1983–1989 president of the Polish Section, International Society for Contemporary Music (ISCM).
2008 Summer Olympics
Medal table
At the end of the Olympics, China won the total gold medal count, while the United States led the grand total medal count.
Here is the top of the medal table at the end of the games.
Medal numbers shown in bold are the highest in their section. China, the host nation is highlighted in lavender.
Włodzimierz Kotoński
Kotoński died in Warsaw, Poland at the age of 89.
Thank You for Being a Friend
"Thank You for Being a Friend" is a 1978 song by Andrew Gold and is taken from their third studio album All This and Heaven Too. It went to number 7 in Canada, number 25 in the United States, number 42 in the United Kingdom and number 58 in Australia. It was the theme song the NBC hit series The Golden Girls.
A Real Basket Case
Awards
Even though Beth Groundwater won the Princess of Rejection prize from the Sisters in Crime Guppies Chapter for having the second most rejections for her writings in the winter of 2005, A Real Basket Case was put up for the Best First Novel Agatha Award in 2007.
Reviews
The novel got good reviews in several large newspapers. Barbara Bibel from Booklist review said that, "This will appeal to Desperate Housewives fans and those who like cozies with a bit of spice." Kirkus Reviews called A Real Basket Case "A tense, exciting debut." Author J.B. Thompson praised the novel, but he also said the main character could have been written better.
Water
Water is a transparent, tasteless, odourless, and almost colourless chemical substance and covers about 71% of Earth's surface.
No known life can live without it. Water is essential for life. This has to be qualified a bit. There are some forms of life which can survive without it, but cannot reproduce without it. Since reproduction is a central part of life, it is clear that water is essential for an organism to survive and reproduce.
Lakes, oceans, seas, and rivers are made of water. Precipitation is water that falls from clouds in the sky. It may be rain if it is liquid, or it may be snow or ice frozen if it is cold. When water gets below 0 C, it freezes and becomes ice, the frozen kind of water. If water gets very hot (above 100 C, it boils and becomes steam or water vapor.
Physical chemistry of water
Water is a fluid. Water is the only chemical substance on Earth that exists naturally in three states. There are over 40 anomalies (strange things) about water. Unlike most other liquids such as alcohol or oil, when water freezes, it expands by about 9%. This expansion can cause pipes to break if the water inside them freezes.
Water is a molecule made of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Its chemical formula is H2O. Like other liquids, water has a surface tension, so a little water can make drops on a surface, rather than always spreading out to wet the surface.
Things having something to do with water may have "hydro" or "aqua" in their name, such as hydropower or aquarium, from the Greek and Latin names for water. It is also called the "universal solvent", because it dissolves many other compounds.
In small amounts, water appears to have no colour but in large amounts (such as seas or lakes), it has a very light blue color.
Uses of water
Plants and animals (including people) are mostly water inside, and must drink water to live. It gives a medium for chemical reactions to take place, and is the main part of blood. It keeps the body temperature the same by sweating from the skin. Water helps blood carry nutrients from the stomach to all parts of the body to keep the body alive. Water also helps the blood carry oxygen from the lungs to the body. Saliva, which helps animals and people digest food, is mostly water. Water helps make urine. Urine helps remove bad chemicals from the body. The human body is between 60% and 70% water, but this value differs with age; i.e. a foetus is 95% water inside.
Though people can survive a few months without food, they can only survive for a day or two without water. A few desert animals can get enough water from their food, but the others must drink. Water has no smell, taste, or color.
Eupleridae
The family Eupleridae is a group of carnivores found in Madagascar. The family has of eight species and seven genera in two subfamilies. They live in a variety of habitats, from humid forests, marshes, bogs, and swamps, to deserts and savannas.
Water
Uses of water
Water is also used for recreational purposes, see list of water sports.
Eupleridae
The Euplerids are a clade. They are descendents of ancestors which rafted over from Africa about 20 million years ago (mya). They are closely related to mongooses. The fossa and the Malagasy civet (Fossa fossana) are believed to be the most ancient surviving species in this group. Euplerids usually have slender bodies with relatively small heads. Head and body length ranges from 250 mm to 800 mm. Euplerids are primarily carnivorous, eating small mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs, insects, crustaceans, and other invertebrates. Fossa fossana and Galidia elegans may also eat some fruit.
Water
Uses of water
Water is used as both the coolant and the neutron moderator in most nuclear reactors. This may be ordinary water (called light water in the nuclear industry) or heavy water.
Eupleridae
Reproduction
Fossas form monogamous pairs, while species in the genera Galidia, Mungotictis, and Salanoia live alone or in pairs, suggesting that they are monogamous for one breeding season only. Mungotictis individuals live in small groups with several adults of each sex, but it is not known if all of the adults in a group breed. Cryptoprocta only live alone, suggesting a polygynous or polygynandrous mating system.
Water
Uses of water
Water is also used for washing a lot of objects. Goods, services and people are transported to other countries in watercrafts on bodies of water.
Eupleridae
Reproduction
Euplerids have definite breeding seasons. Each species' season is different and lasts from two to eight months. Gestation lasts around three months. Usually, just one or two young are born per litter, though Cryptoprocta can have up to four. Weaning takes place between two and four and a half months.
Conservation status
All species in this family are threatened. The main causes are loss of habitat and hunting by humans or dogs. (IUCN 2006)
Water
Uses of water
Water is used in chemical reactions as a solvent or reactant. Water is also used in fire fighting. Water is also used for cooking.
Dihydrogen monoxide parody
The dihydrogen monoxide parody involves calling water by the unfamiliar chemical name "dihydrogen monoxide" (DHMO) and listing some of its harmful effects in an alarming way. Some examples include talking about how "it causes burning, suffocation and corrosion," when it is actually just talking about hot water, drowning and rust. Sometimes the parody calls for it to be banned and/or labelled as dangerous.
The prank works because it takes advantage of people's misunderstanding. Calling water by an unfamiliar name and making it sound like a harmful chemical can make people think it is dangerous.
"Dihydrogen monoxide" is an alternative chemical name for water, but nobody uses it. The word "dihydrogen" means two hydrogens, and "monoxide" means one oxygen. The chemical formula of water has two hydrogens and one oxygen.
The parody gained most of its popularity in the 1990s, when a 14-year-old named Nathan Zohner collected anti-DHMO petitions for a science project about gullibility. Zohner fooled a lot of people, which has led to his project being used in lessons about critical thinking and the scientific method.
Gilpin County, Colorado
Gilpin County is a county in the state of Colorado in the United States. As of the 2020 census, 5,808 people lived there. The county seat is Central City.
Water
Dihydrogen monoxide parody
The website DHMO.org is a joke website which lists the harmful effects of water (DHMO), answers questions, and calls for it to be banned, among other things.
The weirdness of water
A BBC short item explains that every molecule on Earth has existed for billions of years, and all of them came from elsewhere. Water is alien because it arrived on asteroids and comets. It is the second most common molecule in the universe. Why is it not a gas? It is made of two very light elements. Ice floating on water is also an oddity. Also, hot water freezes faster than cold, and no-one knows why this is. Molecules of water can move up against the force of gravity (that is due to surface adhesion).
Water in the universe
Much of the universe's water is produced as a by-product of star formation. On 22 July 2011, a report described the discovery of a gigantic cloud of water vapor containing "140 trillion times more water than all of Earth's oceans combined" around a quasar located 12 billion light years from Earth. According to the researchers, the "discovery shows that water has been prevalent in the universe for nearly its entire existence".
Water has been detected in interstellar clouds in our galaxy, the Milky Way. Water probably exists in abundance in other galaxies, too. Its components, hydrogen and oxygen, are among the most abundant elements in the universe. Most other planetary systems are likely to have similar ingredients.
Origin of water on Earth: possibilities
We do not know exactly how the Earth came to have so much water. It is everywhere in the Universe, but it is uncommon for a place to have so much. The reasoning is like this: every element (except hydrogen and some helium) has been formed in stars. Therefore, oxygen was originally formed in stars. The formation of water is not a problem: it is exothermic, so forming the molecule from its atoms does not need outside energy. But to explain why the Earth has so much compared to, for example, Mars, is not easy. It is an undecided problem in planetary geology.
For a while, people thought Earth’s water did not come from the planet’s region of the protoplanetary disk. Instead, it was thought that water and other volatiles must have been delivered to Earth from the outer Solar System later in its history. But hydrogen inside the Earth did play some role in the formation of the ocean. The two ideas may each be partly right. Water was delivered to Earth by impacts from icy planetesimals (asteroids) in the outer edges of the asteroid belt. How much is not known.
Water vapor
Water vapor (or water vapour) is the gas form of water. It is found in:
Liquid water
Liquid water is found on Earth. It covers about 71% of the surface of the Earth. Liquid water is sometimes found in small amounts on Mars. Scientists believe that liquid water is in the moons Enceladus, Titan, Europa and Ganymede.
Frozen water
The frozen form of water (ice) is found in:
Abbie Cornish
Abbie Cornish (born 7 August 1982) is an Australian actress who has performed in some notable movies. Cornish was born in New South Wales, and grew up on a farm.
Montgomery Clift
Montgomery Edward "Monty" Clift (October 17, 1920 – July 23, 1966) was an American movie, television, radio, and stage actor who is known for his roles in From Here to Eternity, A Place in the Sun, The Misfits, Red River, and in Judgement at Nuremberg. He was nominated four times for an Academy Award. His great-great-grandfather was politician Francis Preston Blair.
Edward I of England
Edward I (17 June 1239–7 July 1307), also Longshanks (meaning 'long legs') and the Hammer of the Scots, was a Plantagenet King of England. He became king on 21 November 1272, until his death in 1307. His mother was Queen Eleanor of Provence and his father was King Henry III of England. As a younger man, Edward fought against Simon de Montfort in defence of his father's crown. He went on a Crusade, and his father died as Edward was on his way back. As a ruler, he improved the laws and made Parliament regular, and more important. He conquered Wales, and subdued the Welsh by brutal policies. He was determined to control Scotland through puppet kings and just managed to do it during his lifetime. He expelled the Jewish people from England.
Faroe Islanders
Faroe Islanders are people who inhabit the Faroe Islands.
Montgomery Clift
Clift was born on October 17, 1920, in Omaha, Nebraska. He was raised in Jackson Heights, Queens, New York City. He began his career in Broadway in 1935 when he was only 13 years old. He worked with many famous actors such as Marlon Brando and Elizabeth Taylor.
He was never married and had no children. He was homosexual. He had a boyfriend with Maurice Leonard. Clift died on July 23, 1966 in New York City from a heart attack caused by coronary artery disease, aged 45.
Edward I of England
Young Edward
Edward was born at Westminster in June 1239 to the English King Henry III and his wife, the French noblewoman and English Queen Eleanor of Provence. The baby Edward and was named after an earlier king, Edward the Confessor, who happened to be a personal hero of his father King Henry The boy Edward would have a good education, being taught in Latin and French which were the most used languages in Europe at the time.
Abbie Cornish
Her movies include Somersault, Candy and Bright Star. She played Emma Matisse in One Perfect Day. She plays Ellen Murphy in the 2014 remake of RoboCop.
Edward I of England
Young Edward
Eleanor and Edward were married on 1 November 1254 in Castile. As part of the marriage agreement, the young prince got grants of land worth 15,000 marks a year. Though the endowments King Henry made were sizable, they offered Edward little independence. He had received Gascony as early as 1249, but Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, as royal lieutenant, drew the income. In practice, Edward derived neither authority nor revenue from this province. The grant he received in 1254 included most of Ireland, and much land in Wales and England, including the earldom of Chester, but the king kept control over the land, particularly in Ireland, so Edward's power was limited there as well, and the king got most of the income from those lands.
Civil war
The years 1264–1267 saw the conflict known as the Second Barons' War, in which baronial forces led by Simon de Montfort fought against those who remained loyal to the king. The first scene of battle was the city of Gloucester, which Edward, now a young man who could participate in battles, managed to retake from the enemy. When Robert de Ferrers, Earl of Derby, came to the assistance of the rebels, Edward negotiated a truce with the earl, the terms of which he later broke. Edward then captured Northampton from de Montfort's son, also Simon. The baronial and royalist forces finally met at the Battle of Lewes, on 14 May 1264. Edward, commanding the right wing, performed well, and soon defeated the London contingent of de Montfort's forces. Unwisely, however, he followed the scattered enemy in pursuit, and on his return found the rest of the royal army defeated. By the agreement known as the Mise of Lewes, Edward and his cousin Henry of Almain were given up as prisoners to de Montfort.
Then, on 28 May 1265, Edward managed to escape his custodians and joined up with the Earl of Gloucester, who had recently defected to the king's side. Montfort's support was now dwindling, and Edward retook Worcester and Gloucester with relatively little effort. Meanwhile, Montfort had made an alliance with Llywelyn and started moving east to join forces with his son Simon.
Edward managed to make a surprise attack at Kenilworth Castle, before moving on to cut off the earl of Leicester.
The war did not end with Montfort's death, and Edward continued campaigning. At Christmas, he came to terms with the younger Simon de Montfort and his associates at the Isle of Axholme in Lincolnshire. In March he led a successful assault on the Cinque Ports. A contingent of rebels held out in the virtually impregnable Kenilworth Castle and did not surrender until the drafting of the conciliatory Dictum of Kenilworth. In April it seemed as if Gloucester would take up the cause of the reform movement, and civil war would resume, but after a renegotiation of the terms of the Dictum of Kenilworth, the parties came an agreement. Edward, however, was little involved in the settlement negotiations following the wars; at this point his main focus was on planning his upcoming crusade.
Crusade and accession
Edward took the crusader's cross in an elaborate ceremony on 24 June 1268, with his brother Edmund and cousin Henry of Almain. Among others who committed themselves to the Ninth Crusade were some of Edward's former adversaries. There was great difficulty raising funds for the expedition.
Originally, the Crusaders intended to relieve the beleaguered Christian stronghold of Acre, but before they could do this, several disasters happened to the French. The French forces were struck by an epidemic which, on 25 August, took the life of King Louis himself in 1270 By the time Edward arrived at Tunis, Charles had already signed a treaty with the emir, and there was little else to do but return to Sicily. The crusade was postponed until next spring, but a devastating storm off the coast of Sicily dissuaded Charles of Anjou and Louis's successor Philip III from any further campaigning.
Edward decided to continue alone, and on 9 May 1271 he finally landed at Acre. By then, the situation in the Holy Land was a precarious one. Jerusalem had fallen in 1244, and Acre was now the centre of the Christian area. The Muslim states were on the offensive under the Mamluk leadership of Baibars, and were now threatening Acre itself. An embassy to the Mongols helped bring about an attack on Aleppo in the north, which helped to distract Baibar's forces.
In November, Edward led a raid on Qaqun, which could have served as a bridgehead to Jerusalem, but both the Mongol invasion and the attack on Qaqun failed. Things now seemed increasingly desperate. Finally, an attack by a Muslim assassin in June forced him to abandon any further campaigning. Although he managed to kill the assassin, he was struck in the arm by a dagger feared to be poisoned, and became severely weakened over the following months.
It was not until 24 September that Edward left Acre. Arriving in Sicily, he was met with the news that his father had died on 16 November. Edward was deeply saddened by this news, but rather than hurrying home at once, he made a leisurely journey northwards. The political situation in England was stable after the mid-century upheavals, and Edward was proclaimed king at his father's death, rather than at his own coronation, as had until then been customary. In Edward's absence, the country was governed by a royal council, led by Robert Burnell. The new king embarked on an overland journey through Italy and France, where among other things he visited the pope in Rome and suppressed a rebellion in Gascony. Only on 2 August 1274 did he return to England, and was crowned on 19 August.
King Edward
Edward's reign had two main phases. The first phase was administration of a now peaceful country. The second phase was warfare against Wales and Scotland.
War in Wales
Llywelyn ap Gruffudd was the main Welsh leader. He refused to do homage to Edward, and married Eleanor, the daughter of Simon de Montfort. In November 1276, war was declared. Initial operations were launched under the command of Mortimer, Edmund Crouchback (Edward's brother) and the Earl of Warwick. Support for Llywelyn was weak amongst the Welsh.
In July 1277 Edward invaded with a force of 15,500— of whom 9,000 were Welshmen. The campaign never came to a major battle, and Llywelyn soon realised he had no choice but to surrender. By the Treaty of Aberconwy in November 1277, he was left only with the land of Gwynedd, but he was allowed to keep the title of Prince of Wales.
Grand County, Colorado
Grand County is a county in the state of Colorado in the United States. As of the 2020 census, 15,717 people lived there. The county seat is Hot Sulphur Springs.
Ron Mulock
Ronald Joseph "Ron" Mulock (11 January 1930 – 5 September 2014) was an Australian politician and a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly. He served as the 10th Deputy Premier of New South Wales serving from 10 February 1984 through 25 March 1988.
Right Now (Leon Jackson album)
== Tracklist ==
Ron Mulock
Mulock died in Sydney, Australia on 5 September 2014 at the age of 84.
Danny Phantom
The show Danny Phantom is about a fourteen-year-old boy named Danny Fenton. His parents, Jack Fenton and Maddie Fenton, are ghost hunters and also create machines that help them to catch ghosts. Danny's parents were creating a portal, but when they were finished and tried to make it work, it failed to work and they quit. Danny, however, who had been watching them, put on a white suit and went inside the machine out of curiosity. He accidentally pressed a button and got an electric shock, which gave him his ghost powers. Only his friends, Samantha (often called Sam) and Tucker know about his powers. Later Danny's sister, Jasmine (often called Jazz) accidentally discovered and learned about his powers.
Danny's powers include the following:
Places
The series is set in Amity Park. Fenton Works is Danny's house. Manson Residence is Sam's house. Foley Residence is Tucker's house. Casper High School is a school. Principal Ishiyama is the principal, Mr. Lancer teaches English, math, science and history. Mrs. Tetslaff is the gym teacher. Mr. Falluca is a math and science teacher.
Other Facts
Danny Phantom is distributed outside the United States by the Canadian company, Nelvana. The series was originally called Danny Phantom and the Spector Detectors. The creator thought that the series would be more interesting if the ghost was a teenage boy, so he changed it to Danny Phantom.
Episodes
List of Danny Phantom episodes
Steinhöring
Steinhöring is a community in the Upper Bavarian district of Ebersberg.
Geography
Steinhöring is in the Munich Region. It lies in the south-east of the Ebersberger Forst (forest) which is one of the largest continuous area of woodlands in Germany.
It includes two traditional rural land units (Gemarkungen in German) named Sankt Christoph and Steinhöring.
Neighbouring communities are Ebersberg, Hohenlinden and Frauenneuharting.
Subdivisions
Steinhöring is divided into many boroughs:
Edward I of England
War in Wales
When war broke out again in 1282, it was entirely different. For the Welsh, this war was over national freedom. It had wide support, especially after attempts to impose English law on Welsh subjects. For Edward, it became a war of conquest. The war started with a rebellion by Dafydd (Llywelyn's younger brother), who was annoyed with the reward he had received from Edward in 1277. Llywelyn and other Welsh chieftains soon joined in, and initially the Welsh experienced military success. The Welsh advances ended on 11 December, however, when Llywelyn was lured into a trap and killed at the Battle of Orewin Bridge. The English conquest was complete with the capture in June 1283 of Dafydd, who was taken to Shrewsbury and executed as a traitor next autumn.
Steinhöring
Subdivisions
Sankt Christoph and Tulling; Abersdorf, Berg, Endorf, Hintsberg, Schützen und Sensau; the hamlets Aschau, Au, Dichtlmühle, Dietmering, Elchering, Etzenberg, Graben, Höhenberg, Holzhäusln, Kraiß, Niederaltmannsberg, Oberseifsieden, Ötzmann, Rupertsdorf, Schechen, Sprinzenöd, Unterseifsieden, Wall, Welling, Winkl and Zaißing as well as the housing-groups of Blöckl, Buchschechen, Helletsgaden, Hofstett, Hub, Lehen, Lieging, Mayrhof, Meiletskirchen, Neuhardsberg, Oed, Oelmühle, Ranhartsberg, Salzburg, Schätzl, Schweig, Stinau, Thailing, Untermeierhof and Winkl b. Sankt Christoph.
John Bedford Lloyd
John Bedford Lloyd (January 2, 1956) was an American character actor.
Lloyd was born in New Haven, Connecticut, the son of Ann Storrs Lloyd and Edward B. Lloyd of Southport, Connecticut. His father was an architect. He has a sister, Susan Storrs Lloyd, and a brother, Thomas Bedford Lloyd. Thomas was married to Susan DeLong Ball.
While studying at Williams College in Williamstown, Massachusetts, he was cast in the play One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, and decided to become a professional actor.
Edward I of England
War in Wales
Further rebellions occurred in 1287–8 and in 1294. In both cases the rebellions were put down. By the 1284 law called the Statute of Rhuddlan, Wales was incorporated into England and was given an governing system like the English, with counties policed by sheriffs.
John Bedford Lloyd
He later attended Yale School of Drama. After graduating, he moved to Manhattan and began his professional acting career on the stage. He's appeared in movies such as Trading Places, Crossing Delancey, Philadelphia, Fair Game, The Bourne Supremacy, Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps, The Front Runner and in TV series such as Hometown, Law & Order, Aliens in the Family, John Adams, and Ozark.
He married actress Anne Twomey on August 23, 1986. The couple have two daughters, Hannah and Elizabeth.
Edward I of England
War in Wales
English law was introduced in criminal cases, though the Welsh were allowed to maintain their own laws in some cases of property disputes. After 1277, and increasingly after 1283, Edward embarked on a full-scale project of English settlement of Wales. He created new towns like Flint, Aberystwyth, and Rhuddlan.
Edward started a big program of building castles, to keep the Welsh under control. His castles started the widespread use of arrowslits in castle walls across Europe, drawing on Eastern influences. Also a product of the Crusades was the introduction of the concentric castle, and four of the eight castles Edward founded in Wales followed this design.
In 1284, King Edward's son Edward— the later Edward II— was born at Caernarfon Castle. In 1301 at Lincoln, the young Edward became the first English prince to be invested with the title of Prince of Wales.
Wars with Scotland
Scotland and England were at peace in the 1280s. Alexander III of Scotland and Edward had an understanding whereby Alexander held land in England. This gave him the excuse to acknowledge Edward as his lord, and left ambiguous whether or not this applied to Scotland as well.