cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Wiki markup
Purpose
The main purpose of having Wikitext in wikis instead of HTML is because HTML is more complicated and not many people know how to use it. Therefore, it is easier to use Wikitext rather than HTML and thus makes editors contributing to a wiki easier to create content.
Kinect
Kinect is a device that was made by Microsoft for the Xbox 360 and Xbox One. Kinect uses cameras and a special microphone to see and hear Xbox 360/One users. The device also uses equations to know what is a person and what is not. It was first shown at E3 in Los Angeles in May of 2009. It has won many awards. Kinect allows a user to move his or her body to control games, movies, and more. People can move their hand to go through menus, or they can use their whole body to control a body in a game. Kinect is special because it is the first way to play games that does not use a controller.
Kinect was released to retail stores in late 2010. The retail price is $149.99 and the Kinect is also optionally bundled with a new Xbox 360 S model that includes a game called Kinect Adventures!. Microsoft has said they will advertise it almost like a new video game console. They want Kinect to increase the time that people make games for Xbox 360 before a new video game console is made. In the future, Microsoft hopes Kinect starts a new idea of people using televisions, computers, and games with their hands and voices. PlayStation Move, which is for the PlayStation 3 console, is Kinect's main competitor.
The Kinect was named the "Fastest selling consumer electronics device" by the Guinness World Records, selling an average of 133,333 kinects per day with a total of 8 million units in its first 60 days.
A new version of the Kinect sensor was released with the Xbox One, which was released on November 22, 2013.
However, on October 2017, Microsoft stopped making Xbox One Kinect devices and the Xbox One Kinect doesn't want to work for Xbox One dashboard anymore, but only works for games.
Following the discontinuation of the Xbox line of Kinect sensors, Microsoft released a non-gaming version as the Azure Kinect, which uses Microsoft Azure cloud computing applications.
Cryotherapy
Cryotherapy is using a freezing chamber (usually -110 degrees) to help muscles recover. Cyrotherapy is said to multiple applications. The word "Cryo" comes from Greek language, which means icy or cold. Cryotherapy is a procedure that exposes the body to temperatures colder than -200 degrees for about 3 minutes. The practice is said to have originated in Japan in late 1970s when a Japanese rheumatologist used cold temperatures to treat his patients painful joints. Cryotherapy is also used to treat cancer, wherein, extreme cold temperatures destroy cancer cells which is made due to cryotherapy chambers.
List of road routes in New South Wales
Major roads in New South Wales are organised into many routes. These help drivers to navigate their way between places in the state. Each route is given its own route number. The number consists of a letter (M, A or B) and a one- or two-digit number. 'M' routes are motorways, 'A' routes are national routes, and 'B' routes are state routes. The route system includes highways, motorways, and other important roads that have not been declared highways.
In 2013, the state replaced its entire system of State Routes, National Routes, National Highways and Metroads with a new route numbering system of letters and numbers. The roads no longer uses National Highway shields on any route. This new system of routes are the routes that are listed below.
Bold
Bold can mean the following:
List of municipalities in Wyoming
There are 99 incorporated municipalities in the state of Wyoming.
Gil Burford
Gilbert Burford (February 29, 1924 – July 10, 2022) was an American ice hockey Right Wing. He played for Michigan in the late 1940s and early 1950s.
Burford died on July 10, 2022, at the age of 98.
David Haye
David Haye (born 13 October 1980) is a British boxer. He is the WBA heavyweight champion and is nicknamed "The Hayemaker". He is 1.91 metres (6 feet 3 inches) tall. Before he became a heavyweight, he boxed in the cruiserweight division, where he held all the major titles. His most famous cruiserweight fights were against Jean-Marc Mormeck and Enzo Maccarinell. He has lost only once in his career.
Haye moved up to the heavyweight division and beat Monte Barrett in 2008. In October 2009, he beat Nikolai Valuev, who is 7 feet tall, to become the WBA champion. In 2010, he beat John Ruiz. He defended his title against fellow Briton Audley Harrison in November 2010.
Career
Haye started his career as an amateur. He reached the finals of the 2001 world amateur championship in the heavyweight class, where he lost to Odlanier Solis. He turned professional in the cruiserweight division in December 2002. His first professional fight was meant to be against Valeri Semishkur, but Semishkur pulled out. Instead, Haye fought and beat Tony Booth on 8 December 2002. He had seven fights in 2003, and won all of them. He won his tenth fight in a row when he beat Arthur Williams on 12 May 2004. He won those ten fights with a total of only 20 rounds. In his match against IBO champion Carl Thompson on 10 September 2004, he lost for the first time in his career. In his next match, on 10 December 2004, he beat Semishkur in the first round.
Haye won the European title on 16 December 2006 when he beat Alexander Gurov. He won the match after only 45 seconds. On 24 March 2007, in his first match as European champion, he beat Lasse Johansen. On 27 April 2007, he had his first heavyweight fight, against Tomasz Bonin. Haye won in the first round. Shortly after the fight, Haye said he had plans to move up to the heavyweight division. "I'm absolutely certain I can rule the heavyweight roost", he said. On 10 November 2007, he beat Jean-Marc Mormeck to win the WBA, WBC, and Ring magazine titles. Haye was knocked down in the fourth round, but hit Mormeck with a series of blows in the seventh to win by technical knockout. He became the UK's sixth boxing champion. On 8 March 2008, he beat Enzo Maccarinelli to win the WBO title. Haye hit Maccarinelli with two big punches before the referee stopped the match. Haye said he planned to move up to the heavyweight division. A few weeks after the fight, Wladimir Klitschko, the IBF, IBO, and WBO heavyweight champion, said he wanted to fight Haye.
Haye gave away his titles at cruiserweight and moved up to the heavyweight division. He beat Monte Barrett on 15 November 2008, winning in the fifth round. Before the fight, he said fighting Barrett was a big risk and that he might have retired if he lost. He was meant to fight Wladimir on 20 June 2009, but pulled out. On 31 October 2009, he beat Nikolai Valuev, who is 7 feet tall, to become the WBA champion. Haye was 98 pounds lighter than Valuev; before this fight, no-one had won a heavyweight title match weighing this much less than their opponent. Haye said he has wanted to be the heavyweight champion since he was a toddler. He then beat John Ruiz on 3 April 2010 and Audley Harrison on 13 November 2010. He now says he wants to fight Wladimir or his brother Vitali, who holds the WBC belt. The two brothers are regarded as the best heavyweights in the world. Haye says he plans to retire before his 31st birthday.
Haye was born on 13 October 1980 in Bermondsey, London. He went to Snowsfield primary school and Bacon's College. Jade Goody, winner of the television show Big Brother, was in his class. Haye is married and has a son called Cassius, named after Cassius Clay, the birth name of Muhammad Ali. His training camp is based in Kyrenia, Northern Cyprus. He started training there in 2007 and sometimes fights with the Northern Cyprus flag on his shorts. He supports the football team Millwall. In September 2010, a newspaper in Northern Cyprus said Haye had become a citizen of Northern Cyprus.
Mary Rose
The Mary Rose was a ship which belonged to Henry VIII of England. She sank in 1545 in battle with a French fleet.
In 1979, the Mary Rose Trust was formed. In 1982 the Mary Rose Trust managed to get the Mary Rose out of the sea. In 1994, they started to preserve her.
The remains of the Mary Rose are currently in Portsmouth, England with the HMS Victory and HMS Warrior.
Sinking
It is not known the exact reason for the sinking. One of the theories is that she had the gun ports open to fire at the French. She then turned to fire at the other side, but the men on board failed to close the gun ports. Sea water got in the open gun ports, which tipped her over and she sank.
The Mary Rose sank because the wind blew and tipped her over.
Environmentally friendly
Etymology
Environmentally friendly is a term used to refer to goods and services, laws, guidelines and policies claimed to inflict minimal or no harm on the environment. Companies sometimes use these terms to promote goods and services by making environmental marketing claims, sometimes falsely and with eco-labels. Also ecofriendly, by 1993, from eco- + friendly.
Saint-Sulpice-de-Faleyrens
Saint-Sulpice-de-Faleyrens is a commune. It is found in the Aquitaine region in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Maierhöfen
Maierhöfen is a municipality in the district of Lindau in Bavaria in Germany. It is in the Allgäu region.
Saint-Seurin-de-Cursac
Saint-Seurin-de-Cursac is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Dacia Valent
Dacia Soraya Valent (12 February 1963 - 22 January 2015) was a Somali-born Italian politician. She was a Member of the European Parliament from 1989 through 1994. She was born in Mogadishu, Somalia.
Valent died in Rome, Italy from a heart attack, aged 51.
Nick Jr.
Nick Jr. (sometimes disambiguated as Nick Jr. on Nickelodeon) is a block of TV shows that is seen on Nickelodeon every weekday morning. It started playing on January 4, 1988. The shows in this block are made specially for preschoolers. Most of the shows are educational. Shows like Blue's Clues, Dora the Explorer, The Backyardigans and Ni Hao, Kai-Lan were made for the Nick Jr. block.
River Leen
The River Leen is a 15-mile long natural water stream of the River Trent. It that flows through Nottinghamshire and the city of Nottingham in the East Midlands of England.
Nick Jr.
A separate Nick Jr. Channel was started on September 28, 2009. It plays many of the same shows as the block. Both the block and the channel are still airing.
United States
The block started playing on Nickelodeon on January 4, 1988. In 2009, a separate channel was started (the Nick Jr. Channel), and it was named after the block. The US version did not had the similar graphs, promos or design as the UK, Italy or Australia except the logo. Currently it airs some early and late Nick Jr. shows. The new logo is a lot different then the block's logo.
Saint-Sulpice-de-Guilleragues
Saint-Sulpice-de-Guilleragues is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Nick Jr.
United Kingdom
There is a similar service titled Nick Jr. Too. It launched in April 2002 as Nick Jr. 2, but the name was changed in November 2014.
Australia
Launched on March 2004. The Australian version includes some PBS Kids series like WordWorld and Sid the Science Kid.
France
Similar to the US version. Launched on January 26, 2010. Name stylized as Nickelodeon Junior so it doesn't sound like a French swear word.
Latin America
Launched on July 1, 2018, like US version it have the late Nick JR shows, name stylized as Nick JR.
Melania Trump
Melanija Knavs Trump (born April 26, 1970) is a former Slovenian-American socialite, model and businesswoman. Trump was also the first lady of the United States from 2017 to 2021 as the wife of President Donald Trump.
She grew up in Slovenia (then Yugoslavia). She worked as a fashion model through agencies in the European fashion capitals of Milan and Paris. After that, she moved to New York City in 1996. She was associated with Irene Marie Models and Trump Model Management.
In 2005, she married the real estate developer and TV personality Donald Trump. She gave birth to their son Barron in March 2006. Later that year, she became a naturalized American citizen. She is the second immigrant woman after former Louisa Adams and the first non-native English speaker to become first lady.
Early life, family and education
Melanija Knavs was born in Novo Mesto, Slovenia on April 26, 1970. Her father, Viktor Knavs was from the nearby town of Radeče. He managed car and motorcycle dealerships for a state-owned vehicle manufacturer. Her mother Amalija Ulčnik Knavs, came from the village of Raka. She worked as a patternmaker at the children's clothing manufacturer Jutranjka in Sevnica.
As a child, Knavs and other children of workers at the factory participated in fashion shows that featured children's clothing. She has an older sister, Ines Knauss, who is an artist. She has an older half-brother who she reportedly has never met from her father's previous relationship.
When Knavs was a teenager, she moved with her family to a two-story house in Sevnica. As a high-school student, she lived in a high-rise apartment in Ljubljana. She attended the Secondary School of Design and Photography in the city. She studied architecture and design at the University of Ljubljana for one year before she dropped out.
Petroleum industry
The petroleum industry includes the global processes of exploration, extraction, refining, transporting (often by oil tankers and pipelines), and marketing petroleum products. The largest volume products of the industry are fuel oil and gasoline (petrol).
Melania Trump
Relationship with Donald Trump, marriage, and children
In September 1998, Knavs met real estate mogul Donald Trump at a party. The couple began dating while the latter was in the process of divorcing his second wife, Marla Maples. The divorce was finalized in 1999. In 1999, the couple gained attention after a lewd interview with shock jock Howard Stern on his show.
Antalya
Antalya is a city in southern Turkey. The city is in the Mediterranean Region and along the coast of Mediterranean Sea. 2.158.265 people live there. Antalya is the most important tourism destination in Turkey and one of the best in Mediterranean. The city created a good image and its name started to be known to tourists. Every year mostly British, Russian, and German tourists come to city for beautiful beaches and the ancient destinations.
Melania Trump
Relationship with Donald Trump, marriage, and children
The two became engaged in 2004. On January 22, 2005, they married in an Anglican service at the Episcopal Church of Bethesda-by-the-Sea in Palm Beach, Florida. There was a reception in the ballroom at her husband's Mar-a-Lago estate.
On March 20, 2006, Trump gave birth to their son, Barron William Trump. She chose his middle name and her husband chose his first name. She also has four stepchildren, stepsons Donald Trump Jr. and Eric Trump and stepdaughters Ivanka Trump and Tiffany Trump.
Role in the 2016 United States presidential election
In 2016, Trump told CNN her focus as first lady would be to help women and children. She also said she would fight and stop cyberbullying, especially among young children and teenagers.
First Lady of the United States (2017–2021)
Trump assumed the role and duties as the first lady of the United States succeeding Michelle Obama, when her husband inaugurated as the 45th president of the United States. Multiple media sources and outlets compared her fashion to former first lady Jacqueline Kennedy, widely because of similarities between both of their fashion choices. In March 2017, Trump had hosted her first White House event, a luncheon for International Women's Day. She spoke to an audience of women about her life as a female immigrant, and about working towards gender inequality.
In October 2018, took a solo tour to Africa, without her focusing on conservation and children and families, visiting countries such as, Ghana, Malawi, Kenya, and Egypt.
Trump served as the first lady from 2017 until her husband's term ended in January 2021.
Be Best campaign
In May 2018, Trump formally started the 'Be Best' public awareness campaign. It focused on well-being for youth and advocated against cyberbullying and drug use. The campaign was accompanied by a booklet that was promoted as having been written by "First Lady Melania Trump" and the Federal Trade Commission.
Personal life and religion
When the president and first lady visited Vatican City in May 2017, Trump identified herself as Catholic. She was the first Catholic wife to live in the White House since the 1960's. Trump is the second Catholic first lady after Jacqueline Kennedy.
Official websites
https://www.whitehouse.gov/melania-trump/
https://melaniatrump.com/
Papurana waliesa
The Papurana waliesa is a frog from Papua New Guinea. Scientists saw it on Fergusson Island, Goodenough Island, and Normanby Island. They also saw it on the Pini Range in Milne Bay and in the Owen Stanley Mountains.
Doug Barnard Jr.
Druie Douglas Barnard Jr. (March 20, 1922 – January 11, 2018) was an American politician. He served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Georgia's 10th congressional district from 1977 through 1993. He was born in Augusta, Georgia. He was a member of the Democratic Party.
Barnard, Jr. died on January 11, 2018 in Augusta, Georgia of pneumonia at the age of 95.
Intranet
An intranet is a private network website that only a few selected computers can have access to. Usually, they are being used as internal company websites for employees to know more about what is happening in the company without letting other people see.
An intranet works the same way as a normal website. The system administrator can add webpages to it and it can be accessed normally from a web browser.
Russia has successfully tested Runet, a country-wide alternative to the internet. An expert said "Increasingly, authoritarian countries who want to control what citizens see are looking at what Iran and China have already done... It means people will not have access to dialogue about what is going on in their own country, they will be kept within their own bubble".
Larry Gonick
Larry Gonick (born August 24, 1946) is an American cartoonist. He is best known for The Cartoon History of the Universe, a history of the world in comic book form, which he published from 1977 to 2009. He has also written The Cartoon History of the United States.
Cyrus Avery
Cyrus Stevens Avery (1871–1963 ) was known as the "Father of Route 66". He created the route while a member of the federal board appointed to create the Federal Highway System, then pushed for the establishment of the U.S. Highway 66 Association to pave and promote the highway.
Larry Gonick
Gonick was born in San Francisco, California. He studied mathematics at Harvard University, receiving his bachelor's degree in 1967 and his master's degree in 1969.
Rub' al Khali
The Rub' al Khali or Empty Quarter is a desert in Saudi Arabia. It is one of the largest sand deserts in the world. It covers an area of about 650,000 square kilometres, more than all of Holland, Belgium and France together. Some of the sand dunes are more than 250 metres high.
Manama
Manama is the capital city of Bahrain. It is also the largest city in Bahrain, having almost 150.000 residents.
Areas of Manama
The city is divided into a few parts:
Metroid
Metroid is the first game in the Metroid series and stars the character Samus Aran. She later appears in all of the later games.
Gameplay
Metroid was one of the first non-linear video games. This means that it did not force players to play through the game in one way. Players could explore and go to all of the areas in whatever order they wished. The basic gameplay is a mix of adventure, platform shooter, and action. The player controls the main character Samus while exploring the game's cave-like environment. Because Samus starts only with a weak attack and a short jump, players must find power-ups to make the attack and jump stronger, in order to get to new areas of the game. While there are many different small enemies that players meet, there are also large bosses who must be killed in order to reach the last level of the game.
Trokosi
Trokosi is a ritual that is practised in parts of Western Africa, mainly in Ghana, Togo, and Benin, with traditional religions. In these religions, children, aged between 5 and 10 years are given to the priests, to "pay for" sins of the family or to ask for clemency of the gods. Most often, they are girls, boys are given only rarely. These children, who are also called Trokosi, have to serve the priests. They have to do hard work for the priests, and will not get paid for this work. They will also be exploited for sex. If a trokosi-girl dies or manages to flee, the family has to provide another girl.
All the countries affected made Trokosi a crime, which is punishable with up to three years in prison. Despite this, no case of Trokosi ever came to a court in one of these countries.
Cake Entertainment
Cake Entertainment is an independent company specializing in the making of children's entertainment.
İzmir
İzmir is a city in the west of Turkey. It has one of the biggest seaports in the Aegean Sea region and all of Turkey. İzmir is a popular destination for tourists, who come for beaches and cultural tours in the region. It has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa in the Köppen climate classification). İzmir is the third largest city in Turkey.
This is an ancient city; many scholars think Homer was born in Smyrna. Earthquakes destroyed the city in 187 AD, 1653, 1688, 1739, and 1778, and it was rebuilt many times. The last big earthquake was in 2020, which caused more than 117 deaths and the collapse of 8 buildings. The Greek name for this formerly Greek city is Smyrna, from which the Turkish name İzmir comes. The Greek name was also used in English until the early 20th century. About 30 km (20 miles) south of İzmir, there is an ancient Greek city named Ephesus.
First law of thermodynamics
The first law of thermodynamics is that energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can change only from one form to another. The law forms the basis of the principle of conservation of energy. This means that anything that uses energy is changing the energy from one kind of energy to another. For example, exercising changes energy from food into kinetic (motion) energy. Another example: In the Sun (or any star), nuclear fusion changes mass into heat and light (electromagnetic radiation), which travels to Earth and is used by plants to create food (chemical energy) via photosynthesis, which can be eaten by animals allowing them to move (kinetic energy). Energy only ever changes its form; it is neither created nor destroyed. This is why perpetual motion machines do not exist and could never exist; it would break a fundamental law of physics.
İzmir
İzmir was a candidate for Expo 2015. However, Milan had more support, so İzmir lost.
First law of thermodynamics
People can use the changes to do work that is useful. Examples of forms of energy in classical mechanics include heat, light, kinetic (movement) or potential energy. However, in modern physics it is considered that there are only two types of energy - mass and kinetic energy, although this may not be helpful to those not familiar with more complex physics.
Commune
A commune is a minor administrative subdivision corresponding to an urban or rural zone, or mixed. It is the equivalent of a municipality, a council, or other instances of local administration.
Xanthan gum
History
Allene Rosalind Jeanes and her research team at the United States Department of Agriculture first discovered xanthan gum. The team was studying many biopolymers to see whether some of them were useful, and how they could be used. The Kelco Company was the first company to produce xanthan gum in the early 1960s. At that time, Kelco called xanthan gum by its brand name, Kelzan. Later, in 1968, xanthan gum was tested and declared safe to be used in food. The USA, Canada, Europe, and many other regions and countries now accept xanthan gum as a safe food additive.
Uses
Xanthan gum is a very effective thickener. It is stable under a wide range of temperatures and pH. Only 0.5% of xanthan gum is added to most foods to thicken them. The thickening property of xanthan gum decreases when a food is mixed, shaken or chewed, but it thickens up again when the force is removed. This property is called pseudoplasticity. Sometimes this property can be very useful. For instance, the xanthan gum added to salad dressing makes the dressing thick enough to cling to a salad, but shaking the bottle of dressing makes it temporarily thin and easier to pour.
Commune
Communes in the world
Many countries have adopted the name of commune (or similar) for their minor and basic administrative unit. Some countries are Germany (Gemeinde), Belgium (commune/gemeente), Chile (comuna), Colombia (Comuna), Denmark (kommune), France (commune), Italy (comune), Luxembourg (commune), Netherlands (gemeente), Poland (gmina), Sweden (kommun) and Switzerland (Gemeinde/commune/comune).
Xanthan gum
Uses
Salad dressings and sauces contain xanthan gum. Even though xanthan gum is not an emulsifier, it helps to keep an emulsion stable so that the oil in it does not separate. Xanthan gum also helps to keep spices and other solid bits of food evenly distributed in a liquid. Xanthan gum, guar gum and locust bean gum help to give ice cream and other frozen foods a creamy texture. Gluten-free bakers use xanthan gum instead of gluten to make bread dough or batter "sticky." Packaged egg whites or egg substitutes contain xanthan gum to replace the fat and emulsifiers found in egg yolks.
First law of thermodynamics
The law means that the total energy of the universe (or any Closed system) is a constant. However, energy can be transferred from one part of the universe to another.
Mural
A mural is a painting on a wall or a ceiling. Murals are usually big. They may be in public places, such as the outside of a building, or indoors.
Xanthan gum
Uses
Toothpaste often contains xanthan gum to give the toothpaste a smooth texture. People who have trouble swallowing add xanthan gum to drinks and other liquids to make them thicker and easier to swallow.
Maggie Siff
Maggie Siff (born June 21, 1974) is an American actress. She has acted in many television programs and movies. She played Teresa Stowe in the movie Push. Siff was born in The Bronx, New York City.
Xanthan gum
Uses
Oil drillers use a lot of xanthan gum to make drilling mud thicker. This thick fluid helps carry solids cut by the drill bit up to the surface of the earth. When people need to pour concrete underwater, they add xanthan gum to the concrete to make it thicker and keep it from washing away.
Many cosmetics contain xanthan gum, which helps hold together oil and water emulsions. Xanthan gum can also help keep skin moist. Fake blood, toy slime and gunge all get their thickness from xanthan gum.
Possible health effects
Workers who were exposed to xanthan gum dust developed allergy-like symptoms from breathing in the dust.
Coeliac disease sufferers and other people who are sensitive to gluten and other allergens may need to be careful how much xanthan gum is in their food. Some types of xanthan gum are made with wheat, corn or soy and could cause allergic reactions. Xanthan gum is also a strong laxative and can cause diarrhoea in people who eat too much of it, or who are sensitive to it. There are many substitutes available for xanthan gum when used in baking such as guar gum or locust bean gum.
Hirohisa Fujii
Hirohisa Fujii (藤井 裕久) was a Japanese politician. He was a member of the House of Councillors from 1977 to 1986, and of the House of Representatives from 1990 to 2012. He was Minister of Finance from 1993 to 1994 and again from 2009 to 2010. He was born in Tokyo, Japan.
Fujii died on 10 July 2022 in Tokyo from problems caused by pneumonia, aged 90.
First law of thermodynamics
The most common wording of the first law of thermodynamics used by scientists is:
The increase in the internal energy of a thermodynamic system is equal to the amount of heat energy added to the system minus the work done by the system on the surroundings.
History
James Prescott Joule was the first person who found out by experiments that heat and work are convertible.
Thermodynamics and Engineering
In thermodynamics and engineering, it is natural to think of the system as a heat engine which does work on the surroundings, and to state that the total energy added by heating is equal to the sum of the increase in internal energy plus the work done by the system. Hence \delta W is the amount of energy lost by the system due to work done by the system on its surroundings. During the portion of the thermodynamic cycle where the engine is doing work, \delta W is positive, but there will always be a portion of the cycle where \delta W is negative, e.g., when the working gas is being compressed. When \delta W represents the work done by the system, the first law is written:
People disagree whether energy is a positive or a negative number. So that \delta Q is the flow of heat out of the system, and \delta W is the work into the system:
Because of this ambiguity, it is very important in any discussion involving the first law to explicitly establish the sign convention in use.
dU = the change in internal energy
Q = heat
W = work
Carl Neumann Degler
Carl Neumann Degler (February 6, 1921 in Newark, New Jersey – December 27, 2014 in Palo Alto, California) is an American historian. Degler served as president of the Organization of American Historians, president of the American Historical Association and president of the Southern Historical Association. He is the Margaret Byrne Professor of American History Emeritus at Stanford University.
Degler was born in Orange, New Jersey.
Saint-Sulpice-de-Pommiers
Saint-Sulpice-de-Pommiers is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Bernard Bailyn
Bernard Bailyn (9 September 1922 – 7 August 2020) was an American historian, author, and professor specializing in U.S. Colonial and Revolutionary-era History. He was a professor at Harvard University from 1953 until his death. Bailyn won the Pulitzer Prize for History twice (in 1968 and 1987).
In 1998 the National Endowment for the Humanities selected him for the Jefferson Lecture. He was a recipient of the 2010 National Humanities Medal.
Bailyn died of heart failure at his home in Belmont, Massachusetts on August 7, 2020 at the age of 97.
It's On (Dr. Dre) 187um Killa
It's On ( Dr. Dre ) 187um Killa is the second EP by American rapper, Eazy-E. It was released on October 25, 1993. The producers of the album were Eazy-E, DJ Yella, Rhythum D, Madness 4 Real, Dr. Jam and Cold 187um. The EP was certified 2x Platinum in late 1994. The album is a reply to then rival/former N.W.A bandmate Dr Dre. The songs "Real Muthaphuckkin G's" and "It's On" are diss songs meant to insult Dr Dre and his then new protegee Snoop Doggy Dogg. Other tracks such as "Down 2 tha Last Roach", "Any Last Werdz", "Still a Nigga" and "Exxtra Special Thankz" are about the gangster lifestyle. The song "Gimme That Nutt" tells a rather sexually vulgar story that was banned from being played on radio stations.
Shall We Tell the President?
Shall We Tell the President? is a 1977 novel by English author Jeffrey Archer. A revised edition was published in 1986.
In the first edition, a plot to kill the President of the United States, Edward Kennedy, is stopped by Federal Bureau of Investigation agent Mark Andrews working with the head of the FBI.
The U.S. edition of the novel was published by Viking Press, where Kennedy's sister-in-law Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis was then a consulting editor. Although Kennedy Onassis was not involved in editing Shall We Tell the President?, she was criticized for not trying to stop her employer from publishing a novel about an assassination plot against a member of the Kennedy family. She resigned from Viking Press shortly after the publication.
Siegfried & Roy
Siegfried Tyron Fischbacher (June 13, 1939 – January 13, 2021) and Roy Horn (Uwe Ludwig Horn; October 3, 1944 – May 8, 2020) were German-American magicians and entertainers, best known for their acts with white lions and white tigers in Las Vegas, Nevada. They were born and raised in Germany, then moved to the United States and became U.S. citizens. From August 2004 to May 2005, Fischbacher and Horn were executive producers of Father of the Pride.
Siegfried
Siegfried was born Siegfried Tyron Fischbacher in Rosenheim on June 13, 1939, to Martin and Maria Fischbacher. His mother was a housewife, and his father was a professional painter who during World War II ended up as a prisoner of war in the Soviet Union. Fischbacher purchased a magic book as a child and began to practice illusions. He moved to Italy in 1956 and started work at a hotel.
Eventually, Fischbacher found work performing magic on the ship TS Bremen under the stage name Delmare. While performing aboard the ship he met Horn and asked him to assist him during a show. Fischbacher and Horn were fired from the TS Bremen for bringing a live cheetah onto the ship, but were scouted by a cruise line based in New York and began performing together as a duo.
Career
The owner of the Astoria Theatre in Bremen saw Fischbacher and Horn's act aboard a Caribbean cruise ship and recruited the duo to perform at her nightclub. This launched a career for the pair on the European nightclub circuit, and they began to perform with tigers. They were discovered performing in Paris by Tony Azzie, who asked them to come to Las Vegas in 1967. They spent some time in Puerto Rico and may have purchased property there.
In 1981, Ken Feld of Irvin & Kenneth Feld Productions started the Beyond Belief show with them at the New Frontier Hotel and Casino. A revamped version of the show was taken on a world tour in the third quarter of 1988.
During a period of their careers, Fischbacher and Horn were romantically involved, though they avoided discussion of their private lives.
2003 tiger attack
During a show at the Mirage on Horn's birthday on October 3, 2003, a 7-year-old white tiger named Montecore attacked Horn. As part of the act, but veering off script, Horn held his microphone to Montecore's mouth and told him to say "hello" to the audience. Montecore responded by biting Horn's sleeve. Horn swatted the tiger and barked "release!". Suffering from dizziness, Horn tripped and fell onto his back, and Montecore moved to stand over him.
As standby trainers rushed in from offstage to assist, Montecore bit into Horn's neck and dragged him offstage. Trainers got the tiger to release Horn by spraying him with CO2 fire extinguisher canisters, the last resort available.
The attack severed Horn's spine, drained his blood, and severely injured other parts of his body, permanently impairing his motor and verbal abilities. He also had a stroke either before or after Montecore dragged him offstage.
While being taken to the hospital, Horn stated, "Montecore is a great cat. Make sure no harm comes to Montecore." He told People Magazine in September 2004 that Montecore saved his life by trying to drag him to safety after he had a stroke. The incident prompted the Mirage to close the show, which had 267 cast and crew members.
Trainer Chris Lawrence later refuted Fischbacher and Horn's explanations for why the tiger attacked Horn, alleging it was due to Horn's mishandling of Montecore. The duo dismissed Lawrence's claims, stating he "had problems with his life anyway." Lawrence later said he believed that the duo and the Mirage covered up the real reason for the attack in order to protect their image.
Aftermath and retirement
In August 2004, their act became the basis for Father of the Pride. Right before its release, the series was almost cancelled until Fischbacher and Horn urged NBC to continue production after Horn's condition improved after the attack by Montecore in October 2003. By March 2006, Horn was talking and walking, with assistance from Fischbacher, and appeared on Pat O'Brien's television news program The Insider to discuss his daily rehabilitation.
In February 2009, the duo staged a final appearance with Montecore as a benefit for the Lou Ruvo Brain Institute (though Chris Lawrence had stated this performance involved a different tiger). Their performance was recorded for broadcast on ABC television's 20/20 program.
On April 23, 2010, Fischbacher and Horn retired from show business. "The last time we closed, we didn't have a lot of warning", said longtime manager Bernie Yuman. "This is farewell. This is the dot at the end of the sentence."
On March 19, 2014, Montecore died after a brief illness. He was 17 years old.
Coahuila y Tejas
Coahuila y Tejas (Coahuila and Texas) was one of the constituent states of the United Mexican States.
Nick Koback
Nicholas Nicholie "Nick" Koback (July 19, 1935 – January 23, 2015) was a Polish-American professional baseball player. His career spanned eight seasons, three of which were spent with the Major League Baseball (MLB) Pittsburgh Pirates from 1953 through 1955.
Siegfried & Roy
Horn's illness and death
On April 28, 2020, Horn's publicist stated he "tested positive for the virus that causes COVID-19 and is currently responding well to treatment". However, his condition deteriorated and he died at the age of 75 on May 8, 2020 at Mountain View Hospital in Las Vegas. The duo's spokesman, Dave Kirvin, announced Horn's death and said it was due to complications from the disease. Fischbacher stated that "the world has lost one of the greats of magic, but I have lost my best friend".
Nick Koback
Koback died January 23, 2015 in Hartford, Connecticut, aged 79.
Siegfried & Roy
Horn's illness and death
Horn was cremated and Fischbacher stated he would keep his ashes in an urn.
Beach City, Texas
Beach City is a city of Chambers County in the state of Texas in the United States.
Edgar Ray Killen
Edgar Ray Killen (January 17, 1925 – January 11, 2018) was an American murderer and Ku Klux Klan organizer.
Lawsuit
On February 25, 2010, the Associated Press reported that Killen filed a lawsuit against the FBI. The case was dismissed by a judge a year later in February 2011.
Death
Killen died in prison in Parchman, Mississippi on January 11, 2018, six days before his 93rd birthday.
Kermanshah province
Kermanshah Province (, پارێزگای کرماشان ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is Kermanshah. The province was known from 1969 to 1986 as Kermanshahan and from 1986 to 1995 as Bakhtaran.
Consumer protection
Consumer protection means protecting the rights of consumers. It also helps to protect fair trade competition and truthful information in a market economy. Various laws and organisations are designed to do this.
The laws are designed to stop companies using unfair practices to gain an advantage over their competitors. Examples of such practices are fraud and "false advertising", where a company advertises their product with false information.
Consumer protection laws are a form of regulation.
Fragile X syndrome
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a genetic syndrome that causes a range of intellectual disabilities as well as unusual physical and behavioural characteristics. Males and females can have FXS but it is more common, and often more serious, in males. It is one of the most common causes of autism and intellectual disability among boys. Individuals with this condition lack an important gene product.
Technical account
In unaffected individuals, the FMR1 gene contains 5–44 repeats of the CGG codon, most commonly 29 or 30 repeats. Between 45 and 54 repeats is considered a "grey zone". Between 55 and 200 repeats in length is described as a premutation allele. Individuals with fragile X syndrome have a full mutation of the FMR1 allele, with over 200 repeats of the CGG codon.
Takis Loukanidis
Takis Loukanidis (Τάκης Λουκανίδης, 25 September 1937 – 11 January 2018) was a Greek footballer of the 1950s–60s. He was born in Paranesti, Greece. Loukanidis played for the Greece national football team from 1958 through 1967.
Loukanidis died of a heart attack in Athens, Greece on 11 January 2018 at the age of 80.
Hatay Province
Hatay is a province in the southern part of Turkey, on the Mediterranean coast. Hatay is bordered by Syria on the south and east. The city has a mixed population of Turks and Arabs.
The province was badly damaged and many people died in the 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake.
Kirchbichl
Kirchbichl is a municipality of the district Kufstein in the Austrian state of Tyrol.
Saint-Symphorien, Gironde
Saint-Symphorien, Gironde is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Onur Cinel
Onur Cinel (17June 1985 in Essen) is a German football coach.
Career
Cinel trained from 2009 on the youth team of Rot-Weiss Essen. For the 2011/12 season he moved to TuS Heven as assistant coach. In March 2012 he took over the team as head coach and at the end of the season led it to promotion to the Oberliga.
Cinel then moved to FC Schalke 04 as assistant coach of the U-16. In the the winter break he became head coach. For Schalke Cinel then held various positions in the youth teams. In October 2020 he became assistant coach of FC Schalke 04 under Manuel Baum. Baum was released in December 2020. He remained on the coaching staff under his successor Christian Gross. For the 2021/22 season he returned to the U17. Cinel led to the championship title. In addition to his work at Schalke, Cinel became assistant coach to Ralf Rangnick in the Austrian national team in June 2022.
After the 2022/23 season he left Schalke after eleven years. For the 2023/24 season he took over the Austrian second division club FC Liefering. He also stayed in the coaching staff of Austria.
Lyrical dance
Lyrical dance is a dance style that has aspects of ballet, jazz, acrobatics, and modern dance. The style is usually danced at a faster pace than ballet but not as fast as jazz. Lyrical dance is a category of dance competitions.
COVID-19 pandemic in Africa
The first case of COVID-19 in Africa was reported in Egypt on February 14, 2020.
Unrepentant Geraldines
Unrepentant Geraldines is the 14th studio album by Tori Amos. It will be released 12 May 2014 in the UK. The album's tour, Unrepentant Geraldines Tour, will start on May 5, 2014.
Elegant forest tree frog
The elegant forest tree frog (Dendropsophus elegans) is a frog that lives in Brazil. It lives on the Atlantic side of the country. Scientists have seen it as high as 800 meters above sea level.
Count Binface
Count Binface is a character created by Jon Harvey. He is a UK comedian.
He was a candidate for Uxbridge and South Ruislip in the 2019 United Kingdom general election.
He was called Lord Buckethead. He changed his name due to a copyright dispute with Todd Durham. Durham is the originator of the character.
Bold (type)
In formatting, bold type is a little bit darker and bigger than normal type. It is used to emphasize a few words as a bolded text can attract attention from the reader.
Usage
Markup languages provide different ways to make a word bold. For example:
Gerald McEntee
Gerald William McEntee (January 11, 1935 – July 10, 2022) was an American trade union official. He was president of the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) from 1981 to 2012.
McEntee died on July 10, 2022, at his home in Naples, Florida from problems caused by a stroke, aged 87.
Harold Ramis
Harold Allen Ramis (November 21, 1944 – February 24, 2014) was an American comedic actor, director, producer and writer. His best known movie roles were as Egon Spengler in Ghostbusters (1984) and Russell Ziskey in Stripes (1981), both movies he co-wrote. He also wrote and directed Caddyshack (1980), National Lampoon's Vacation (1983), Groundhog Day (1993) and Analyze This (1999).
Ramis was born in Chicago, Illinois to a Jewish family. He was married to San Francisco artist Anne Plotkin from 1967 until their divorce. They had a daughter, Violet, whose godfather is actor Bill Murray. He later married Erica Mann in 1989. They had two sons: Julian Arthur and Daniel Hayes.
Filmography
Executive Producer
G. Ledyard Stebbins
George Ledyard Stebbins, Jr (6 January 1906 – 19 January 2000) was an American botanist and geneticist. He was one of the leading evolutionary biologists of the 20th century. Stebbins received his PhD in botany from Harvard University in 1931. He went on to the University of California, Berkeley, where his work led to a synthesis of plant evolution and genetics.
His most important publication was Variation and evolution in plants, which combined genetics and Darwin's theory of natural selection to describe plant speciation. It helped form the modern evolutionary synthesis, and still provides the framework for research in plant evolutionary biology. According to Ernst Mayr, "Few later works dealing with the evolutionary systematics of plants have not been very deeply affected by Stebbins' work".
Bird bath
A bird bath is an attraction for many different species of birds to visit gardens, especially during the summer and drought periods. Bird baths that provide clean and continual water all year makes more birds come.
Alibi (TV channel)
Alibi (stylised as al1bi) is a British pay television channel that launch on 1 November 1997 as UK Arena and UK Drama in 2000 and UKTV Drama in 2004, Which the UKTV channels GOLD, Dave and W from 2019.
G. Ledyard Stebbins
He also researched and wrote widely on the role of hybridization and polyploidy in speciation and plant evolution; his work in this area has had a lasting influence on research in the field.
Stebbins was elected to the National Academy of Science, was awarded the National Medal of Science. He was involved in the development of evolution-based science programs for California high schools, as well as the conservation of rare plants in that state.
UC Berkeley
In 1935, Stebbins was offered a genetics research position at the University of California, Berkeley working with geneticist E.B. Babcock. Babcock needed assistance with a large Rockefeller-funded project on the genetics and evolution of plants from the genus Crepis. Crepis commonly hybridized, displayed polyploidy, and could make seed without fertilization (a process known as apomixis). The collaboration between Babcock and Stebbins produced numerous papers and two monographs.