cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Parliament of the United Kingdom
How the British Parliament works
The Parliament of the United Kingdom is split into three separate parts, the House of Commons (the lower house), the House of Lords (the upper house) and the monarch. Most legislative power is concentrated in the House of Commons. It is made up of 650 members of parliament (MPs). These people are elected by the people of the United Kingdom to represent them in the House of Commons. The leader of the political party who commands a majority of MPs is usually made the prime minister of the United Kingdom, the head of government. The head of state is always the monarch.
The House of Commons starts most bills. Other bills start in the House of Lords. The House of Commons decides rates of taxation.
The House of Lords has the power to reject bills, except money bills (tax bills), and make the House of Commons reconsider them. If the House of Lords vetoes a bill twice or delays a public Bill for more than one year then the House of Commons can force the Bill through under the terms of the Parliament Acts, unless it started in the House of Lords.
The monarch (now King Charles III) is the sovereign in a constitutional monarchy and, theoretically, is the fount of all power in the United Kingdom. Bills must receive the Royal Assent before becoming Acts of Parliament and the monarch is responsible for summoning, proroguing and dissolving Parliament, normally upon the advice of the incumbent Prime Minister. It is now very rare for a monarch to object, but the sovereign still retains this prerogative for use if necessary.
How a Bill becomes an Act of Parliament
Bills may start their passage in either the House of Commons or House of Lords
Pre-legislative Scrutiny: Joint committee of both houses review bill and vote on amendments that government can accept or reject. Reports are influential in later stages as rejected committee recommendations are revived to be voted on.
First Reading: No vote occurs. Bill is presented, printed, and in private members' bills, a Second Reading date is set.
Second Reading: A debate on the general principles of the bill is followed by a vote.
Committee Stage: A committee considers each clause of the bill, and may make amendments.
Report Stage: An opportunity to amend the bill. The House consider clauses to which amendments have been tabled.
Third Reading: A debate on final text as amended. In the Lords, further amendments may be tabled at this stage.
Passage: The bill is then sent to the other House which may amend it.
First Reading: Same procedures
Second Reading: Same procedures
Committee Stage: Same procedures
Report Stage: Same procedures
Third Reading: Same procedures
Hurricane Gert (1999)
Hurricane Gert was the fourth of five major hurricanes in the 1999 Atlantic hurricane season. It formed on September 11 of the coast of Africa. It reached its greatest strength on September 15, when its winds were at 150 mph (240 km/h). It gradually curved northwest and then north, passing a short distance east of Burmuda. The hurricane's center did not make landfall, but it did cause many poweroutages.
On September 23, Gert became an extratropical storm as it turned northeast and became absorbed into another storm system. While it passed southeast of Atlantic Canada, strong waves hit Newfoundland which caused heavy marine damage.
The Conspiracy of Pontiac
The Conspiracy of Pontiac is a 1910 American silent drama movie directed by Sidney Olcott and stars Gene Gauntier, Robert G. Vignola, and Jack J. Clark.
Parliament of the United Kingdom
How a Bill becomes an Act of Parliament
Passage: The bill is then returned to the original House.
Pre-legislative Scrutiny: To consider all amendments.
The bill is then processed for Royal Assent, if accepted, the bill becomes an Act.
History
In the Middle Ages and early modern period there were three kingdoms within the British Isles — England, Scotland and Ireland — and these developed separate parliaments. The 1707 Acts of Union brought England and Scotland together under the Parliament of Great Britain, and the 1800 Act of Union included Ireland under the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The parliament at Westminster in London is sometimes called the "Mother of all Parliaments"
Parliament of England
The English Parliament has its origins in the Anglo-Saxon Witenagemot. In 1066, William of Normandy brought a feudal system, where he sought the advice of a council before making laws. In 1215, this council got the Magna Carta from King John, which established that the king may not levy or collect any taxes (except the feudal taxes to which they were hitherto accustomed), save with the consent of his royal council, which slowly developed into a parliament.
In 1265, Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester called the first elected Parliament. The Laws in Wales Acts of 1535–42 annexed Wales as a part of England and brought Welsh representatives to Parliament.
When Elizabeth I was succeeded in 1603 by the Scottish King James VI of Scotland (James I of England) the countries both came under his rule, but each kept its own Parliament.
Parliament of Scotland
In Scotland in the High Middle Ages the King's Council of Bishops and Earls was the beginning of the Parliament of 1235.
Parliament of Ireland
The Irish Parliament was founded to represent the English community in the Lordship of Ireland, but the native or Gaelic Irish were not allowed to vote or stand for office, the first known meeting being in 1264. In 1541 Henry VIII declared the Kingdom of Ireland. The Gaelic Irish lords were now entitled to attend the Irish Parliament as equals of the majority of English descent.
Royal Albert Hall
The Albert Hall (official name: Royal Albert Hall of Arts and Sciences), is a large building in the City of Westminster, London. It was opened in 1871, by Queen Victoria. The hall is dedicated to her husband, Albert, Prince Consort, who had died ten years earlier. It is an auditorium where events are held.
The Albert Hall is one of the most famous buildings in the world. Events like concerts for classical music or pop music, ballet, even tennis or boxing matches, or large ceremonies or parties or conferences. In the summer the BBC Proms take place there every day. The Royal Albert Hall has been holding concerts since 1941.
The history of how it was built
In the early 19th century the whole area was still countryside. In 1851, there was a Great Exhibition in Hyde Park, just next to Kensington Park opposite where the RAH now stands. The exhibition building, called Crystal Palace, was a glass building which was just there for the exhibition. Prince Albert had the idea that public buildings should be built in the area for the arts and sciences. Some huge museums were built, including the Science Museum, Natural History Museum, Victoria and Albert Museum etc. When Prince Albert died in 1861 this plan had only just got started. The Royal Albert Hall was built and named after him. Queen Victoria laid the first stone.
The Royal Albert Hall is very large. As many as 9,000 people used to get in, but now the safety rules make about 5,500 the usual number. It is round, like an Ancient Greek or Roman amphitheatre. This is why the floor area is called the “arena” (as in an amphitheatre). There is a very large glass and wrought-iron dome. It is 41m high. Round the outside, a little lower than the roof, there is a big mosaic frieze with pictures of "The Triumph of Arts and Sciences" and some writing in terracotta letters. It says that the first stone was laid by Her Majesty Queen Victoria on 20 May 1867 and was opened by her on 29 March 1871. It also has some words from the Bible. When Queen Victoria opened the building she was so emotional that she could not speak. Her son Edward, the Prince of Wales had to say her words for her. He said: "The Queen declares this Hall is now open".
The RAH throughout its history
The hall has been used for lots of important events ever since 1871. Many of the seats are still owned by members of a Corporation which was called “the Corporation of the Hall of Arts and Sciences”. This group had been formed in 1866 as a charity to get money to build the hall. Its members still have a right to occupy 1,300 of the 5,200 seats.
There was a problem with the sound because there was too much echo. It was not until 1969 that something was done about it. Big fibreglass dishes were hung from the ceiling. People who go to the RAH today call them “mushrooms” or sometimes “flying saucers”. They make music sound much better.
There is a very large organ at the front of the hall. It was built by an organ maker called Henry Willis and was later rebuilt by Harrison & Harrison and most recently by Mander Organs; It is the biggest organ in the British Isles with 9,997 pipes.
The Promenade Concerts which were started by Henry Wood in 1895 have taken place in the RAH ever since 1941 when the Queen's Hall was destroyed by bombs in World War II. For two months there is at least one concert every day, and people can be seen queuing for standing tickets all the way down the steps towards Prince Consort Road.
Recent improvements
During the last few years a lot of money has been spent on improving the Royal Albert Hall. The 1,800 seats in the balcony (now called the “Circle”) were very uncomfortable, so new seats were put in which are slightly bigger. The south entrance has been made into the main entrance (as it was years ago), with a porch to match the north entrance. The area south of the hall has been blocked off to traffic and pedestrianised. Dressing rooms (where artists change) are now on stage level instead of down in a basement. There is an underground car park and loading area so that lorries bringing things do not need to unload in the street and get in the way of the people. Lots of other improvements have been made, including better ventilation.
The Mill of Good Luck
The Mill of Good Luck (La 'Moara cu noroc') is a 1955 Romanian drama movie directed by Victor Iliu and was based on the short story of the same name. It stars Constantin Codrescu, Ioana Bulcă, Colea Răutu, Valeria Gagialov and was remade as Orizont in 2015.
Battle of Gettysburg
The Battle of Gettysburg (locally, with an ss sound), was fought July 1–3, 1863. The battle took place in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. It was the battle with the largest number of casualties in the American Civil War. Gettysburg is often called the war's turning point. Union Major General George G. Meade's Army of the Potomac stopped attacks by Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. This ended Lee's second invasion of the North. Lee began to move his men back to Virginia on July 4. Between 46,000 and 51,000 soldiers from both armies were casualties in the three-day battle.
The Siege of Vicksburg ended on the same day, also a Union victory.
That November, a cemetery for those who died there was opened at the Gettysburg National Cemetery. President Abraham Lincoln gave a speech called the Gettysburg Address at the ceremony to open the cemetery and honor the dead soldiers on both sides.
Background
Lee's army won an important battle at Chancellorsville in Virginia in May 1863. Afterwards, he led his army north through the Shenandoah Valley. His plan was to start his second invasion of the North (called the Gettysburg Campaign). Lee had several objectives in mind. He intended to take Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, the state capital. This, he hoped, would embarrass the Lincoln administration and force Northern politicians to give up the war. At this point, Lee was playing politics. He knew that if he was successful in Pennsylvania it would encourage the Northern peace movement. He hoped it would get foreign recognition for the Confederacy. It could also force the Union to negotiate for peace, allowing the Confederate states to become an independent country. Lee badly needed supplies and intended to get them in Pennsylvania. In addition to being the state capital, Harrisburg was also the site of Camp Curtin, the largest training camp for Union soldiers. It was a major railroad center. More importantly it was a major supply depot and also a prisoner of war camp.
In the North, Lincoln told Major General Joseph Hooker to have the Union army follow Lee's army. But Hooker was very reluctant to go after the Confederates. Finally, Lincoln lost all confidence in him. On June 28, three days before the Battle of Gettysburg, Lincoln appointed General Meade to replace Hooker. Had the Confederacy won, confederate force would have had access to Philadelphia or Baltimore. Vice President Hannibal Hamlin went to Lincoln to discuss a prisoner of war trade five days before the Battle of Gettysburg.
July 1
Neither Lee nor Meade intended a battle take place at Gettysburg and neither were there when the battle started. On June 30, 1863, Confederate General Henry Heth had a division at Cashtown, Pennsylvania, Lee's gathering place before moving on to Harrisburg. Heth sent his division to nearby Gettysburg to look for, as he later wrote in his report, "army supplies (shoes especially), and return the same day." This started the myth that the Battle of Gettysburg started over shoes. Heth did this without scouting ahead to see what was at Gettysburg. The job of scouting belonged to the Confederate cavalry under J.E.B. Stuart. But they had been gone for over a week. So, blind to what was ahead of them, his soldiers ran directly into a Union cavalry division commanded by General John Buford. This started the fighting even though Heth and other commanders were under orders from Lee not to start a battle. But, as each side brought in more troops, it became a full-scale battle. Lee started moving much of his army there. One of his goals was to fight the Union army and destroy it. Now, he would have to do it at Gettysburg.
About 5.30 a.m. on the morning of July 1, the battle started. Heth probed ahead cautiously to a point about two miles west of Gettysburg. Buford's cavalry was deliberately slowing his progress. At about 10 a.m. the Union I Corps arrived commanded by General John F. Reynolds. They set themselves up along McPherson's Ridge to oppose Heth's Confederates. During the fighting Reynolds was killed but the Confederates were driven back. Meanwhile, both sides brought up reinforcements. The Union set up defenses of the town with I Corps defending the western approaches with XI Corps to the north. The flanks were covered by Buford's cavalry. One Union division was held in reserve on Cemetery Ridge. In the afternoon, when Lee arrived, the Confederates still did not know the strength of the Union forces they were facing. They also had not scouted the terrain. One division of Ewell's Corps had attacked the Union I Corps just after noon. At about 2 p.m. Heth's division joined Ewell's troops in the attack on I Corps. At about 3 p.m., another of Ewell's Confederate divisions, commanded by General Jubal Early, attacked the flank of the Union XI Corps. By 4 p.m., both of the Union corps retreated through Gettysburg and took up positions on Cemetery Ridge. So far, the Union had lost about 9,000 men including about 3,000 who had been captured. The Confederates had lost about 6,500 men by this point. So the first day of battle was technically a Confederate victory numbers-wise. But Federal troops held the high ground as more reinforcements were still arriving. Based on the first day's fighting, Lee was convinced he could defeat Meade at Gettysburg.
Late in the day, Lee sent the famous order to Confederate General Richard S. Ewell to take cemetery ridge "if practicable.” While he had been awaiting orders from Lee, Ewell had ridden out to take a closer look at Cemetery Ridge. Based on what he saw and the confusing order, he decided it was not practicable to take the hill and set up camp. Instead, he decided to leave the assault for the next day. This was the first major mistake of the battle for the South. The Army of the Potomac would end the day with around 21,900 men strongly positioned on Culp's Hill and Cemetery Ridge. The Army of Northern Virginia would have around 27,000 men from Benner's Hill to Seminary Ridge.
July 2
On the second day of battle, most of both armies had arrived. The Union line held the high ground in a defensive formation that looked like a fishhook. On July 2, Lee ordered General James Longstreet, commander of the Confederate I Corps, to attack the Union left flank as early in the day as possible. At the same time General A. P. Hill's corps was to attack the Union center. General Ewell was to make diversionary attacks and "if practicable" attack the Union Army's right flank. Lee felt that if everything went according to his plan and the Union line was destroyed, the battle, and possibly the war, would be won on the second day. Lee's coordinated attack required getting all the infantry into position and moving up artillery to support them. Longstreet had the furthest to go and midway in their march realized the Union lines could see them. They went back and had to take a different route. Longstreet could not get his corps into position until about 4 p.m. when he began his attack. His attack on the Union line lasted for over three hours but could not break the Union line. Hill's Corps failed to be effective in the center. Ewell did not attack Cemetery Ridge as instructed in Lee's confusing order, but made some progress in taking Culp's Hill.
Union Major General Daniel Sickles, a political general commanding III Corps, disobeyed Meade's orders and moved his troops forward to the Peach Orchard. He had been ordered to take up a position on Little Round Top connecting with Union forces on both his right and left. By doing this he left a large hole in the Union line. He marched to a position nearly 1 mi in front of the Union line with no support on either side. Within an hour, his entire III Corps was nearly wiped out by Longstreet. Sickles was badly wounded by a cannonball and lost a leg. Being wounded was all that saved him from a court-martial. Sickles' blunder nearly lost the entire battle for the Union.
On the night of July 2, Longstreet's largest division commanded by General George Pickett arrived and was placed in the center of the Confederate line. Lee's plan for the next day was to attack on both the Union right and left, just as he had done the day before. Lee was still certain he could break the Union line and win the battle. That day Stuart's cavalry had caught up with Lee's army and Lee ordered Stuart to ride around the East side of Gettysburg and attack the Union rear. Ewell had also been reinforced and was ordered to take Culp's Hill the next morning.
Meade ordered the Union XII Corps to drive Ewell's forces off the captured trenches on Culp's Hill. They were to move at daylight the next morning. He was determined the remainder of the Union Army would hold its position and wait for Lee to attack.
July 3
Ewell began fighting on Culp's Hill at first light. Lee rode to Longstreet's headquarters only to find Longstreet had misunderstood his orders. He was planning a turning movement against the Union left. Now, with no hope of a coordinated attack, Lee changed the plan. Longstreet was to attack the Union center on Cemetery Ridge. Ewell's forces failed in their counterattacks and were forced to withdraw from Culp's Hill by about 11:00 a.m. Lee pinned all his hopes on Longstreet's attack on the center. Longstreet had the last fresh division in Lee's army. It was made up of three brigades, commanded by generals James L. Kemper, Richard B. Garnett, and Lewis A. Armistead, led by Pickett.
Cannons
First, a bombardment by about 140 Confederate cannons on the Union lines was ordered. The bombardment started about 1 p.m. About 80 Union cannons returned fire. The cannons duel lasted for between one and two hours, depending on the source (most say about an hour). The Confederate artillery chief, General Edward Porter Alexander, had only intended it to last for about 25 minutes. But he then realized it had done little damage to the Union line so he continued. But he also had to worry about running out of ammunition and not have enough to support the charge that was Pickett was about to make. When the Union guns fell silent, Porter thought he had knocked them out. But it was a trick by the Union artillery chief. His guns were waiting for the charge the Union forces knew was coming. Alexander sent word to Pickett he could start his attack.
The cannonade could be heard as far away as Philadelphia. The noise was so loud the gunner's ears bled. It was probably the loudest noise that had ever been heard on the North American continent up to that time. In the end the Confederate cannons may have killed as many as 200 Union soldiers in the area that would later become known as the "bloody angle". But the Union guns may have killed more Confederate troops.
Pickett's Charge
Calling the Confederate attack on the Union center "Pickett's Charge" is misleading for two reasons. First, Pickett commanded only one of the three units in the assault. Second, it was not a charge, which is a rapid advance towards the enemy, it was an attack which moved forward more slowly and over a longer distance. These Virginia units were joined by several smaller units of Confederates (some from North Carolina, Tennessee and Alabama) whose numbers had been reduced by the fighting over the first two days. When the cannons stopped, Pickett went to Longstreet to ask permission to begin the attack. Longstreet, sure the attack would fail, silently nodded his head and gave a wave of his hand. Longstreet had tried to get Lee to call off the attack, but Lee would not listen.
Over 12,000 Confederates stepped out from the trees and formed up for the long march forward. Waiting for them behind a low stone fence on Cemetery Ridge were about 5,000 Union troops, most of whom belonged to General Winfield Scott Hancock's II Corps. Depending on the source, this was between 2:00 and 3:00 p.m. As they marched forward across the 1 mi distance, Union artillery killed large numbers of troops. Rifle fire from the Union line was intense. The Union troops used four lines of soldiers. As the line in front fired, they moved back to reload while the next line moved up to fire. Only a few hundred of the Virginians reached the Union line. Within minutes they were dead or dying. Some were captured. The attack lasted about an hour with over 7,000 Confederate soldiers killed. As the remaining Confederate troops retreated, Lee was seen riding his horse saying "this was all my fault". He then told Pickett to rally his division. Pickett famously replied, "General, I have no division."
At about the same time as the main attack, Stuart's cavalry attacked the Union rear but the attack also failed.
Aftermath
Lee brought an army into Pennsylvania that numbered 75,054 men and lost 22,638 casualties or about 30% of his army. Meade lost so many field grade officers that the Army of the Potomac would not recover for the rest of the war. Both the Union I Corps and III Corps lost so many men they had to be combined with II Corps. The battle took more American lives than any other battle in United States history. Gettysburg is still the largest battle to ever be fought on American soil. The Union victory over the Confederacy ended Lee's invasion of the north. Lee would never try to invade the Union again. The Army of Northern Virginia would never get their strength back. However the supplies taken during their time in Pennsylvania would keep the Confederate army going. The wagon train of supply wagons and ambulances for the wounded was over 17 mi long. Lee never had more than 51,000 men the rest of the war. Numbers from the Union forces wore down Lee and his army. This is why Gettysburg is said to be the turning point of the American Civil War. After the battle the confederates figured out that there was a slave spy.
Meade was severely criticized for not counterattacking Lee after the third day of battle. The next day Meade sent out skirmishers, but did not attack. Lee had his army hold its position on Seminary Ridge all day on July 4. The more than 10,000 wounded men would be moved by wagon train 40 mi to Williamsport and cross the Potomac to Virginia. The rest of Lee's army followed on the night of July 4–5, screened by Jeb Stuart's cavalry. The next day, on discovering the Confederates had left the battlefield, the Union army cautiously followed. At the Battle of Falling Waters, Lee's army was waiting for the flooded Potomac River to go down so his army could cross. Meade's forces caught up with them there but the battle had no clear victor. The Battle of Falling Waters was the last battle in the Gettysburg Campaign.
The Converted Deacon
The Converted Deacon is a 1910 American silent drama movie. It stars Anna Rosemond, Frank H. Crane, and Violet Heming.
Culver Max Entertainment
Culver Max Entertainment Private Limited, or Sony Pictures Networks India (SPN or SPNI), is an Indian media company. It is owned by Sony Pictures.
Culver Max Entertainment has 26 television channels, the streaming media platform SonyLIV and the television studio Studio NEXT. It also has the movie studio Sony Pictures International Productions.
History
The company was founded in September 30 1995 as Multi Screen Media Limited. In November 2015, the name of the company was chaged to Sony Pictures Networks India (SPN).
The Convict (1910 movie)
The Convict is a 1910 American silent comedy movie. It stars Marie Eline.
Hurricane Floyd
Hurricane Floyd was the strongest, costliest, and deadliest hurricane of the 1999 Atlantic hurricane season. Floyd, at first looked as if it were headed for Florida as a category 4 hurricane. It was about twice as large as Hurricane Andrew, which if Floyd struck Florida it could have caused even more damage than Andrew. Instead of striking Florida, Floyd struck North Carolina and caused flooding from North Carolina up to some states in New England. Floyd left $4.5 billion in damage from Florida to Maine. Floyd also killed about 76-86 people in the United States. One person was also killed in the Bahamas.
Retirement
The name Floyd got retired in the Spring of 2000. The name Franklin was used in 2005 instead.
Cupid at the Circus
Cupid at the Circus is a 1910 American silent drama movie. It stars Frank H. Crane and Anna Rosemond.
Daddy's Double
Daddy's Double is a 1910 American silent drama movie directed by Lloyd B. Carleton and stars Frank H. Crane, Fred Santley, and Isabelle Daintry.
Limonite
Limonite is a mineral, from which trace amounts of iron can be extracted.
A Dainty Politician
A Dainty Politician is a 1910 American silent drama movie. It stars Anna Rosemond and Frank H. Crane.
Nitrile
A nitrile is a chemical compound with a -C=N functional group. It smells like a fruit, and can be a type of poison.
Ehekirchen
Ehekirchen is a municipality in Neuburg-Schrobenhausen in Bavaria, Germany.
Imphal Peace Museum
The Imphal Peace Museum (IPM) (Imphal Aying-Achik Pukei Lankei Shanglen; インパール平和資料館) is a World War II museum at the foothills of the Red Hills (Maibam Lokpa Ching) in Manipur. It is a living memory of the Battle of Imphal (Anglo-Japanese war) and other World War II battles (March-July 1944) fought in Manipur. It is supported by the Nippon Foundation (TNF), a non-profit grant making organization, collaborating with the Manipur Tourism Forum and the Government of Manipur. Notably, in a poll conducted by the British National Army Museum, the Battle of Imphal and Kohima was bestowed as Britain's Greatest Battle.
History
The Imphal Peace Museum (Imphal Aying-Achik Pukei Lankei Shanglen) was founded in the year 2019. It was opened on the 75th anniversary of the Battle of Imphal. Former British and Japanese adversaries were present in the inaugural event of the museum. Dominic Asquith, the British High Commissioner to India, and Kenji Hiramatsu, Japanese ambassador to India, attended the opening of the museum.
The museum's interior and exhibitions designs are one of the best works done by International Award-winning designer Suresh Huidrom. In 2019, the Imphal Peace Museum won India's Best Design Award for the creativity and innovative interior design. In 2021, the museum represented India at the Muse Design Awards 2021, New York and won silver in the field of interior design and architecture. During the same year, the museum was nominated finalist at the Society of British Interior Design and International Award 2021 for the Best Interior Design. Honorary Mention at Singapore Interior Design Award 2021, Singapore. Most Creative Interior Design of the Year 2021 by Global Architect and Builders Award 2021.
First Section
The first section exhibits a timeline of the Battle of Imphal. The names of the casualties in the war are also shown. The names of the people of Manipur who joined the Indian National Army (INA) are also featured. The displaying war artefacts include artillery shells collected by the local people. There are also photographs of personal notes and the uniform of a Japanese soldier shown.
Second Section
The second section shows the scenarios after the WWII in Manipur. It highlights the impact of the war and the process of recovery. Early television sets, photographs and cameras are also displayed.
Third Section
The third section displays the art and culture of Manipur. These are shown in the forms of photographs, audiovisual features and still models.
A Daughter of Dixie
A Daughter of Dixie is a 1910 American silent drama movie directed by Sidney Olcott. and stars Gene Gauntier.
Hurricane Irene (1999)
Hurricane Irene was an Atlantic tropical cyclone. The storm caused heavy damage across Florida and North Carolina in October 1999. Irene developed in the western Caribbean Sea on October 13 from a tropical wave.
Irene caused 18 deaths and $800 million in damage in the United States.
Super Bowl LVII
Super Bowl LVII was the 57th Super Bowl. It was the final game of the 2022 NFL season and the end of the 2022–23 NFL playoffs. It was played between the National Football Conference (NFC) champions Philadelphia Eagles and the American Football Conference (AFC) champions Kansas City Chiefs. The game was played on February 12, 2023, at State Farm Stadium in Glendale, Arizona. The Kansas City Chiefs beat the Philadelphia Eagles, 38–35.
Shahab Adeli
Shahab Adeli is an Iranian football player who currently plays as a goalkeeper for Sepahan S.C. in the Persian Gulf Pro League.
Super Bowl LVII
Rihanna performed in the Super Bowl LVII halftime show on February 12, 2023. Rihanna’s halftime show reached a total of 118.7 million viewers.
Mehdi Abtahi
Seyed Mehdi Abtahi (Persian: سیدمهدی ابطحی; born 1963 in Tehran) is a retired Iranian football player.
Career
Abtahi made 38 appearances for the Iran national football team from 1985 to 1993.
1980 Atlantic hurricane season
The 1980 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1980, and ended on November 30, 1980. This season had about average activity with 15 storms, of which 11 got named. This season featured the very powerful Hurricane Allen.
Retirement
In the spring of 1981 the name "Allen" was retired and replaced by Andrew in 1986.
Marlon Mustapha
Suliman-Marlon Mustapha (born 24 May 2001) is an Austrian footballer. He plays as a forward for Admira Wacker on loan from Mainz 05.
Heat capacity
Heat capacity is a measure of how much materials can store up heat as they change temperature.
Marlon Mustapha
Career
He started his career with Nußdorfer AC and Red Star Penzing in Vienna. Then he went to the Red Bull Salzburg Academy U18. 2018 he played for Mainz 05 II. In 2021, Mustapha was sent on loan to Austrian side Admira Wacker from Mainz 05 in the German Bundesliga. On 24 July 2021, he debuted for Admira during a 1-1 draw with WSG Tirol.
David Waltner-Toews
David Waltner-Toews (born 1948) is a veterinarian and a specialist in the epidemiology from Canada. He is also an essayist, fiction writer and poet.
Marlon Mustapha
International
Mustapha debuted in Oktober 2018 versus Switzerland in the U18 team, in October 2019 he played the first time for the U19 team versus Wales, October 2021 he debuted for the U21 versus Estonia.
Heat capacity
Materials with high heat capacities require a lot of heat to be stored up before a small change. Materials with low heat capacities require very little heat to be stored up before a large change.
David Waltner-Toews
Books
David Waltner also has published some of his books, such as ‘Ecosystem Sustainability and Health: a practical approach”, “One Foot in Heaven”, “Food, Sex and Salmonella: Why Our Food Is Making Us Sick”, “Good Housekeeping” and others.
In 2006, he became a winner of Best Regional Fiction and took the independent Publisher Book Awards, for One Foot in Heaven. In 2007 he became the finalist of the Canadian Science Writers' Association Book Award, for Chickens Fight Back. In 2014, he took a silver medal during the Independent Publisher Book Awards.
Heat capacity
Specific heat capacities are often listed in tables, like this one:
Maiba
A Maiba or an Amaiba (literally, "priest" ) is a male religious leader authorised to perform the sacred rites and rituals of Sanamahism (Meitei religion), especially as a mediatory agent between human beings and one or more deities. They have the authority or power to administer religious rites as well as sacrifices to gods. Their office or institution is called Maiba Loishang (Maiba Loisang), later renamed as Pandit Loisang, during Aryanisation of Meitei culture. They also served as healers, doctors, magicians, medicine men, physicians and shamans. They play important roles in the ancestor worship (apokpa khurumjaba) ceremony. Chief priest or chief among the maibas is called Maichou, a term formed with the amalgamation of two words ("maiba"- priest, "achouba"- big, chief, great). Since their position is not hereditary, they acquire their positions through talent and skills. The female counterpart of a Maiba is a Maibi.
Gachenbach
Gachenbach is a municipality in Neuburg-Schrobenhausen in Bavaria in Germany.
Tropical Storm Katrina (1999)
Tropical Storm Katrina was a short-lived, weak tropical cyclone that produced minor damage across areas previously devastated by Hurricane Mitch in 1998.
Maibi
A Maibi or an Amaibi is a female priestess or a nun who uphold the sacred rites and rituals of Sanamahism (Meitei religion). Their lives and duties encompass a wide range of activities to the spiritual life of the Meitei ethnicity. They play significant role in the Lai Haraoba festival to please the Umang Lais and the Lam Lais. Maibism or Maibi culture is a dominant feature in Sanamahism. The male counterpart of a Maibi is a Maiba.
The Doctor's Carriage
The Doctor's Carriage is a 1910 American silent drama movie. It stars Marie Eline.
Baryonyx
Baryonyx was a carnivorous theropod dinosaur discovered in clay pits just south of Dorking, England, and also in northern Spain. It has been dated to the Barremian stage of the Lower Cretaceous period, between 130 to 125 million years ago.
Baryonyx grew up to between 7.5 and 10 m long and weighed 1.2 and 1.7 t (1.3 and 1.9 short tons). It had long arms which were probably used for holding on to prey, the claw on the first finger was 31 centimeters (12 in) long. It ate mostly fish, like a grizzly bear would; for this it had a long snout like a gharial, and straight, cone-like teeth perfect for fishing. It had a triangle-shaped crest on the top of its skull.
Willem Wissing
Willem Wissing, also known as William Wissing (1656, Amsterdam or The Hague - 10 Sep 1687 Burghley House), was a Dutch portrait artist. He painted many famous people of the day, including William III of England,Mary II of England,Anne of Great Britain.
Dining car
A dining car (American English) or a restaurant car (British English), also known as diner, is a railroad passenger car. It is a place that provide meals to the passengers like sit-down restaurant.
In the setups, one end of the car contains a kitchen with a long walkway between seats next to it, and the other end has table or booth seating on either side of a center of it.
Burgheim
Burgheim is a municipality in Neuburg-Schrobenhausen in Bavaria in Germany. It is a market town.
Divisions
The municipality contains:
Note
There is a municipality in the same district named Bergheim.
Pope John I
He ended the Acacian Schism (484–519), thus after 25 years, bringing important reunification of the Eastern and Western churches into one, by restoring peace between the papacy and the Byzantine emperor Justin I. Pope also set the rules for the Alexandrian calendar computation of the date of Easter, which was eventually accepted throughout the West.
Pope John the First's official day used to be on 26 May, but only for a short time, then it was moved to 27 May. His holy day was moved again at the end of the 20th century to the more appropriate day, his birthday. His motto was: "Unity is the Key"!
Other websites
Pope John I, the Martyr
Teosinte
The teosintes are a group of large grasses of the genus Zea found in Mexico, Guatemala and Nicaragua.
There are five recognized species of teosinte: Zea diploperennis, Zea perennis, Zea luxurians, Zea nicaraguensis and Zea mays.
Karlskron
Karlskron is a municipality in Neuburg-Schrobenhausen in Bavaria in Germany.
It is within the Old Bavarian Donaumoos.
Andy Reid (Irish footballer)
Club career statistics
255||33 255||33
International career statistics
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Karlshuld
Karlshuld is a municipality in Neuburg-Schrobenhausen in Bavaria in Germany.
Königsmoos
Königsmoos is a municipality in Neuburg-Schrobenhausen in Bavaria in Germany.
It is within the Old Bavarian Donaumoos.
Paul Stalteri
Club career statistics
16||8 167||6 55||2 238||16
International career statistics
!Total||79||7
Delightful Dolly
Delightful Dolly is a 1910 American silent comedy movie. It stars Marie Eline, G.W. Abbe, Justus D. Barnes, and Frank H. Crane.
Yves Leterme
Yves Camille Désiré Leterme (born 6 October 1960) is a Belgian politician of the CD&V.
Leterme was born in Wervik. He was prime minister twice: in 2008 and from 2009 to 2011. He was also foreign affairs minister and prime minister of Flanders.
Arthur Friedenreich
Arthur Friedenreich (18 July 1892 – 6 September 1969) was a Brazilian professional footballer who played as a forward. He was nicknamed The Tiger or The Original "Black" Pearl, and was arguably the sport's first outstanding mixed-race player. He played when Brazilian football was still amateur, which lasted until 1933. He is occasionally identified as one of the all-time top scorers in football history, although this is highly disputed. Friedenreich was often said to be the pioneer of 'jogo bonito' or 'the beautiful game', a style frequently associated with Brazilian football. The style involved playing very quickly with short passes as well as quick touches and combinations. It also relied on taking many long shots and attacking with 2-3 pacy strikers to disorient the defence. Despite being a shorter player (5 ft 7 in) he was known for his pace, power, and brilliant technical dribbling. Considered as one of the greatest Brazilian strikers of all time during the 1910s and 1920s.
Early career
He started his career influenced by his father, playing for SC Germânia, a Brazilian football team composed of German immigrants. After playing with a succession of São Paulo club sides from 1910 onwards, Friedenreich made his debut with the national team in 1914 which was the first ever game Brazil played beating Exeter City 2-0. In the game, Friedenreich famously lost two of his front teeth due to a heavy slide tackle. He played twenty-two internationals, including wins in the 1919 and 1922 editions of the South American Championship, scoring ten goals. During the 1919 edition he became the first ever football player to score a hat-trick in a major international tournament. On Brazil's 1925 tour of Europe, he was feted as the King of Football. He was also the top scorer in the Sao Paulo League in 1912, 1914, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1921, 1927 and 1929.
Friedenreich was very young when he developed his own style of play and was 17 when he first became a part of an elite club. After that, Friedenreich bounced around from club to club until he found a long lasting home with CA Paulistano, a top Brazilian club. Friedenreich played for the club CA Paulistano for 12 years before the club disbanded. He then joined the club São Paulo da Floresta.
Later playing career
He wasn't picked by Brazil for the 1930 FIFA World Cup because there was a serious misunderstanding between the football Leagues of the States of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo; only players from Rio travelled. São Paulo stars, like him (who was 38 years old), Filó (who was 1934 FIFA World Cup champion with Italy) and Feitiço, did not go to Uruguay. He continued to grow older and play for less and less elite clubs. After 1934 he only played locally and competed in those clubs. The last team he played for before his retirement very late in his career in the year 1936, was the Flamengo team from Rio de Janeiro
After football
In the 1930s, Brazilian football was beginning the process of professionalization, and in 1933 it became reality. Friedenreich was against the professionalization of football in the country. Outraged, he refused to continue playing football, and retired playing for Flamengo at 43 years old. His last match was against Fluminense on 21 July 1935 (the game ended in a 2–2 draw; he didn't score that day). He then started working in a liquor company and retired while there. When he retired Arthur got Alzheimer's disease and the treatment took most of his money while trying to treat this disorder. Arthur would end up losing most if not all of his money to this disease. He lived in a house ceded by São Paulo football club until he died on 6 September 1969 at 77 years old.
Posthumous tributes
There is a park in the Vila Alpina neighborhood, on the east side of São Paulo, with his name. The park, located at the beginning of Francisco Falconi avenue, is one of the biggest of the region. Still on the east side of São Paulo, there is a street with his name. In Rio de Janeiro, there is a school with his name, located within the sports complex of Maracanã, near the main entrance, on the left of Bellini statue.
Personal life
Friedenreich was born in São Paulo to Oscar Friedenreich, a German businessman whose father immigrated to Brazil, and Mathilde, a Black Brazilian washerwoman and the daughter of freed slaves. Friedenreich was the first professional football player of Afro-Brazilian origin, because at that time football was dominated by Whites, and Blacks were not accepted. He faced many barriers because of racism, and he could not attend the same places where white players were, such as swimming pools, tennis courts and parties. Also Friedenreich found it hard to make connections and friends in the world of Brazilian football due to the color of his skin.
Friedenreich played football from his early childhood and then on. His father was very supportive of his skills and really helped him on his path to the great player he became. At some point in his life he married his wife named Jonas and together they had a son who they named after Friedenreich's father, Oscar. Both outlived Friedenreich and were left with no money.
1981 Atlantic hurricane season
The 1981 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1981 and ended on November 30, 1981. However this season a storm formed on May 6. This season was high in activity. The only notable storms of this season were Hurricane Dennis, Tropical Depression Eight, and Hurricane Katrina. Hurricane Dennis and Tropical Depression Eight caused the most damage. However, Hurricane Katrina was the only storm that killed people in 1981.
Retirement
No names were retired in 1982. As a result, all names would be repeated in 1987.
Cuentos del Sil
Cuentos del Sil (Tales of the Sil) is a Leonese language book written by nine leonese language writers. It was sponsored by the Provincial Government of León, and Leonese language associations "El Fueyu" and "El Toralín". The authors com from the Sil Valley, specially from El Bierzu and it is the collective book in the Leonese language where there are more authors.
The writers are from teenagers to those who are in their eighties:
Nupa Maibi
A Nupa Maibi or a Nupa Amaibi (literally, "male priestess" ) is a male transgender priest in Sanamahism (Meitei religion). They are called "male priestess" as they hold the roles of the maibis in the religious rites and rituals, though they are biologically male. They are said to be possessed by the spirits of Lairembis (female deities). They have crucial roles to play in the sacred Lai Haraoba festival.
El Toralín
The Bercian Association in Defense of the Leonese Language "El Toralín" (Asociación Berciana en defensa de la Llingua Llïonesa El Toralín, in Leonese language) was a Leonese association from El Bierzo that promoted Leonese language in that shire, born in 2006.
Activities
This association developed two Leonese language courses in Ponferrada (Province of Llión), and some campaigns for promoting the knwoledge of Leonese language in the shire. They also participated in other activities as Leonese Language Day, Mother Language Day, and collaborated in publcations like "Cuentos del Sil", where writers from the shire wrote a collective book with simple stories in Leonese language.
Ahmad Reza Abedzadeh
Club career
Abedzadeh had an unbeaten record in the Tehran derby with 13 matches, 7 wins and 6 draws. While playing for Persepolis, he went 802 consecutive minutes without conceding a goal.