cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Dinosaur brains and intelligence
Brain-body size relationship
Brain size usually increases with body size in animals (is positively correlated). That means large animals usually have larger brains than smaller animals. The relationship is not linear however. Generally, small mammals have relatively larger brains than big ones. Mice have a direct brain/body size ratio similar to humans (1/40). Elephants have a comparatively small brain/body size (1/560), although elephants are obviously quite intelligent animals.
Encephalization quotient (EQ)
The formula for the curve varies, but is usually given as Ew(brain) = 0.12w(body)2/3. As this formula is based on data from mammals, it should be applied to other animals with caution. For some of the other vertebrate classes the power of 3/4 rather than 2/3 is sometimes used, and for many groups of invertebrates the formula may give no meaningful results at all.
Intelligence
Intelligence in animals is hard to establish, but the larger the brain is relative to the body, the more brain weight might be available for complex cognitive tasks. Rather than simply measuring raw brain weight, the EQ formula makes for a ranking of animals. The ranking coincides better with the observed complexity of behaviour. Mean EQ for mammals is around 1, with carnivora, cetacea and primates above 1, and insectivores and herbivores below. It also puts humans at the top of the list. The relationship between brain-to-body mass ratio and complexity of behaviour is not perfect, because other factors also influence intelligence. These factors include the evolution of the recent cerebral cortex and different degrees of brain folding.
This increase the surface of the cortex is positively correlated to intelligence in humans.
Problems with EQ
Adding difficulty is the wide range of estimates for live mass. One study estimated that the live masses for many dinosaur genera had a four-fold range. Larsson laments that "the broad ranges of body mass estimates, combined with the ambiguous ratio of endocranial volume occupied by the brain, present a high degree of uncertainty for [creating an] index of brain size". Consequently, he attempted to minimize errors by making a different kind of comparison.
While it is difficult to estimate the absolute volume of the brain, the proportions of its various regions of the brain should be the same in the endocast as it was in the live brain. Larsson's study compared the ratio of the cerebrum, which is clearly marked on the inside of skulls, to the rest of the endocast's volume. According to Larsson, his technique is superior to traditional comparisons of brain volume to estimated live body mass.
Theropod brains
Most dinosaurs, and most theropods, had brains no better than present-day reptiles, so far as can be estimated. In a 2001 study of a Carcharodontosaurus saharicus endocast, Hans Larsson found that both C. saharicus and Allosaurus had a ratio of cerebrum to brain volume that was very similar to non-avian reptiles. By contrast, the Tyrannosaurus ratio was slightly in the direction of a more bird-like proportion. Since tyrannosaurs are relatively basal coelurosaurs, this is evidence that the Coelurosauria mark the beginning of a trend in theropod brain enlargement.
Central Sulawesi
Central Sulawesi (Indonesian: Sulawesi Tengah) is a province of Indonesia. It is at the center of the island of Sulawesi. The capital and largest city is Palu. The population was 2,633,420 in the 2010 census. In 2014, the government reported the population as 2,839,290. The area of Central Sulawesi is 61841.29 km2
Dinosaur brains and intelligence
Troodon
Troodon ' s cerebrum-to-brain-volume ratio was 31.5% to 63% of the way from a nonavian reptile proportion to a truly avian one.
Archaeopteryx
Archaeopteryx had a cerebrum-to-brain-volume ratio 78% of the way to modern birds.
Central Sulawesi
The province used to be called Central Celebes. It covers the northern part of the island of Sulawesi, the southern part of the northern peninsula and the eastern peninsula. It has ten districts (kabupaten, also called regency). It is very mountainous, and there are many ethnic groups. Most of the people live on the plains near the coast. The other areas are difficult to reach, and the roads are in a bad state, especially on the eastern peninsula. The dominant religion is Islam, with 79% of the population. About 16% are Protestants, and 1% are Catholics. There are also people who follow indigenous faiths. Palu is the only city, and the only bigger settlement. In the district Poso, there may be tensions, which are fueled by religious disputes.
Dinosaur brains and intelligence
Summary
The method used for Larsson's comparison was not the EQ, but a ratio of the size of the cerebrum to the whole brain. The cerebrum is chiefly responsible for what might be called 'intelligent behaviour'.
Central Sulawesi
Because of its relative isolation, the province is one of the least developed ones in Indonesia. Timber and forestry is the most important branch of the economy. There is the Lore-Lindu National park, in the mountains just south of Palu. This national park is important for many indigenous species.
Dinosaur brains and intelligence
Summary
The brains of dinosaurs were generally much like other reptiles in their proportions. The exception is the coelurosaurs, which had cerebra proportionately larger than most reptiles, though proportionately smaller than modern birds.
Central Sulawesi
In the last few years, growing cocoa has become more important.
Islam reached the region in the 17th century, since the 18th century it was a Dutch colony. With Dutch colonization, Protestant missionaries also started their work. Today, about a sixth of the population are Protestants. This is one of the highest values in Indonesia.
In the Second World War, the province was occupied by Japanese forces. After the independence of Indonesia, in 1949, the area was part of the province North Sulawesi. The current province was established in 1964.
Janet T. Mills
Janet Trafton Mills (born December 30, 1947) is an American politician. She is the 75th and current Governor of Maine. She is the first female Governor of Maine.
Before being elected governor, she is the Attorney General of Maine. She was first elected by the Maine State Legislature on January 6, 2009. Her second term began on January 3, 2015. She is the first woman to hold the position of State Attorney General in Maine.
Mills was born in Farmington, Maine. She studied at the University of Massachusetts Boston.
Mills was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Maine in the 2018 Maine gubernatorial election winning the general election against Republican Shawn Moody.
Muri District
Muri is a district in the Swiss Canton of Aargau with the capital of Muri.
It contains the following municipalities:
Leicester Square
Leicester Square (pronounced "Lester" Square) is a pedestrianised square in the West End of London in the City of Westminster.
It about equal distances (about 400 yd) east of Piccadilly Circus,and west of Covent Garden. Nearby to the south is the much larger Trafalgar Square.
Prompted by the growth in tourism, Leicester Square was pedestrianised in the late 20th century. It is notable for its cinemas and nightclubs.
Al-Jami Ul-Kamil
Al-Jamiul Kamil Fee Al-Hadith As-Sahih Al-Shamil or in short Jami ul Kamil, known in English as The Comprehensive Collection of all Authentic Prophetic Narrations or The Authentic Hadith Encyclopaedia, is a secondary hadith collection book, compiled by the Islamic scholar Imam Ziya-ur-Rahman Azmi (1943 CE – 30 July 2020 CE). In this book, the author claims that he has compiled all Authentic Prophetic Narrations (Sahih Ahadith) from more than two hundred books. Zakir Naik highly praised the book and he stated that he is working on the publication of the english translation of the book. Abubakar Muhammad Zakaria published the first volume of the bengali translation of the book and its Urdu translation under supervision of Sheikh Ibn Bashir and Abdul Rehman Mahdi is in progress too.
Description
Azmi authored this book as the only collection of Hadith's book which compiled all of authentic hadith narrations as per his claim. The book contains Sixteen Thousand Five hundred and forty six (16546) Hadiths in twelve volumes. His work can be summarized as all authentic narrations (Sahih Hadiths) in one book. According to Islamic scholar Muhammad Ishaq Bhatti, "this is such a work that no one has done before."
Leicester Square
Clubs, bars, restaurants
Just off Leicester Square
Don Salls
Donald J. Salls (June 24, 1919 – January 3, 2021) was an American football player and coach. He was the head football coach at Jacksonville State University from 1946 to 1952 and from 1954 to 1964. He was a Purple Heart recipient. Salls was born in Trenton, New Jersey.
Salls died on January 3, 2021 at the age of 101.
Goro
Goro can mean:
Pro-aging trance
Pro-aging trance is a social phenomenon in which people gloss over aging and death for reasons that are often irrational. For example, they say that death is a necessary thing that gives life a meaning.
The term was invented by Aubrey de Grey, a British author and gerontologist. He sees the pro-aging trance as a big barrier to combating aging. This is because the development of anti-aging medicine is delayed if there is no public support and acceptance of them.
Corentin Tolisso
Corentin Tolisso (born 3 August 1994) is a French professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Bayern Munich and the France national team.
David Gilmour
David Jon Gilmour CBE (born 6 March 1946) is an English musician, record producer, songwriter. He is most famous for being a guitarist, singer and songwriter in the rock band Pink Floyd. Along with being in Pink Floyd, he has worked as a record producer for other musicians. Gilmour has also recorded and released albums as a solo performer.
Edison Park, Chicago
Edison Park (formerly Canfield) is one of the 77 community areas of Chicago, on the North Side, Chicago, Illinois.
David Gilmour
Gilmour has always been active with many different charities. He was appointed CBE in 2003 for services to both music and for his charity work.
Edison Park, Chicago
It is made up entirely of the Edison Park neighborhood, and is named after Thomas Edison, who gave his blessing to this community namesake in 1890.
David Gilmour
In 1996, Gilmour was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Pink Floyd.
Edison Park, Chicago
According to the 2000 Census, its population is 11,259. Edison Park has one of the highest concentrations of Irish ancestry in Chicago, where they make up over three-fourths of the neighborhood's population.
Edison Park is located between the Des Plaines River and the Chicago River. Early travelers would use the land in the area to carry their canoes from one river to the other.
History
Edison Park was originally settled in 1834 by the Ebinger family, consisting of John and Katherine Ebinger, their 21-year-old son, Christian Ebinger, and Christian's new wife Barbara Ebinger (née Ruehle). The Ebingers originally came from Stuttgart, Germany. From there they went to Ann Arbor, Michigan before leaving for Chicago in search of farmland, but left after finding the land too swampy.
Bill Schuette
William Duncan Schuette (born October 13, 1953) is an American politician and lawyer. He is the 53rd and current Attorney General of Michigan. He was the Republican nominee for Governor of Michigan in the 2018 gubernatorial election losing to Gretchen Whitmer.
Hermosa, Chicago
Hermosa is one of 77 designated Chicago community areas and is located on the northwest side of Chicago, Illinois. The Hermosa community area contains the Kelvyn Park and Hermosa neighborhoods. The area includes the birthplace of Walt Disney and is the former headquarters of the Schwinn Bicycle Company. While being one of the smaller community areas Hermosa is one of the city’s most densely populated neighborhoods.
Western Australian Party
The Western Australian Party (WAP) was an Australian political party that operated in 1906. It was a liberal party which wanted to protect the rights of Western Australians and oppose the Labour Party. Its supporters came from the Protectionist Party and the Anti-Socialist Party. John Forrest, a minister in Alfred Deakin's government, became leader the party. Candidates were selected for all electorates in the 1906 federal election. By the time the election was held, support for the party had ceased. Forrest was elected, but not as a WAP member. However, the party did elect one member, William Hedges, as the member for Fremantle. He was a member of the WAP, although he sat as an independent and, like Forrest, joined the Commonwealth Liberal Party when it began in 1909.
50PLUS
50PLUS, the same in Dutch (shortened 50+), is a Dutch political party.
50PLUS was established in 2009 and aims at the interests of elder people.
Western Australian Party
The party policies were explained in a 12-point program. Many of these were to promote the interests of Western Australia as a member of the new Australian federation. This included keeping as much government revenue as possible. It also included items important to Western Australia such as coastal defence, and building a railway to the eastern states. It also wanted to introduce deciaml currency, and metric weights and measures.
50PLUS
Number of seats in the 2021 elections: 1 (-3).
MP Liane den Haan left 50+ on 6 May 2021. Since that time, 50+ has no longer been represented in the House of Representatives.
Ron Tudor
Ronald Stewart Tudor MBE (18 May 1924 – 21 August 2020) was an Australian producer, engineer, label owner and record industry businessman. He started his career with W&G Records in 1956. He was born in Toora, Victoria.
Tudor briefly joined Astor Records as their promotions manager until 1968 when he created his own production company. He created his own record label, Fable Records, late in 1969 and continued as its CEO until he sold the company in July 1984.
In June 1979 Tudor was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire "for service to the recording industry".
Tudor died on 21 August 2020 in Melbourne, aged 96.
Almost perfect number
In math, an almost perfect number (also called slightly defective or least deficient number) is a type of natural number n. The sum of n 's divisors must be equal to 2n − 1. Every known almost perfect number is a power of 2 and has non-negative exponents.
Examples
For example, the divisors of 32 are 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32. The sum of those is 63. 32 ⋅ 2 - 1 is 63. This makes 32 an almost perfect number.
Odd numbers
The only known odd almost perfect number 1. An odd almost perfect number that's not 1 is possible. It would, however, have to have six prime factors.
CU
CU or cu, may refer to:
Raúl Baglini
Raúl Baglini (December 23, 1949 – January 3, 2021) was an Argentine politician and lawyer. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1983 to 1993. Baglini was a Senator from 2002 to 2003. He was a member of the Radical Civic Union. He was born in Mendoza, Argentine.
Baglini died on January 3, 2021 at a hospital in Mendoza from respiratory failure, aged 71.
Albion, Illinois
Albion is a city in Illinois in the United States.
Kim Yang-gon
Kim Yang-gon (김양건; 24 April 1942 – 29 December 2015) was a North Korean politician. He was a member of the ruling party Workers' Party of Korea (WPK). He served as head of relations with South Korea from 2007 until his death, under both Kim Jong-il and later Kim Jong-un. He was born in Anju, South Pyongan Province.
Kim died in a car accident on 29 December 2015, aged 73.
Italic languages
The Italic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family. They were first spoken in Italy. The main language was Latin, which eventually turned into the Romance languages spoken today. The Roman Empire spread Latin to much of Western Europe. Today, the main Italic languages spoken are Spanish, French, Portuguese, Italian, and Romanian. There were other branches of Italic languages besides those that came from Latin, but they are all now extinct.
Mudi
Mudi is a dog breed. It is used a lot for herding. The Mudi protects and guards without being too aggressive or hostile. This breed is intelligent, loyal, and agile. This dog can be found in Hungary, Finland, and rarely in Europe, United States, and Canada.
Health
Health problems that have been seen in the Mudi include epilepsy, hip dysplasia, cataracts, elbow dysplasia and patellar luxation. These health issues can cause weakness in legs or difficulty getting up.
Care and maintenance
Frequently brushing a Mudi helps keep it clean from all its herding jobs. Most Mudis don’t need a bath more than a few times a year. Before a bath, cut or comb out any mat in the Mudi’s coat. Mudi puppies between 8-12 weeks old need to be fed four small meals a day. Mudi pups 6 months to a year old need to be fed 2 larger meals a day.
Finances
The average Mudi pup costs around $2000. Maintenance costs about $2800.
Appearance
A Mudi dog weighs about 18 to 29 lbs. It is 15 to 19 in tall. It has medium, curly hair. The color can be black, white, fawn, brown, or ash.
Mad Max (movie)
Mad Max is a 1979 Australian action movie directed by George Miller. It is the first role of Mel Gibson.
Mad Max tells a story about life in an apocalyptic world. There have been sequels.
Volunteering
A volunteer is someone who helps a common cause and who does not expect to get paid for it. There are many cases, such as cleaning up after a disaster, where anyone can help. There are many cases, though, where the volunteers are trained specialists. Examples for these are the volunteer fire departments or a doctor or nurse working for organisations such as the Red Cross. Another example are the people guiding police dogs, which may be trained for emergency rescue.
Fokker
Fokker was a Dutch aircraft manufacturer named after its founder Anthony Fokker. The company operated under several different names starting out in 1912 in Schwerin, Germany and moving to the Netherlands in 1919. During its most successful period in the 1920s and 1930s, it dominated the civil aviation market. Fokker went into bankruptcy in 1996 and its operations were sold to competitors.
History
Since 1967, Fokker built parts for European satellites. Next year the company made the first Dutch satellite (the Astronomical Netherlands Satellite).
El Centro, California
El Centro is a city in and county seat of Imperial County, California, United States. In 2020, the population was 44,322.
Huntz Hall
Henry "Huntz" Hall (August 15, 1919 - January 30, 1999) was a well-known American actor. He was best known as Dippy in the Dead End Kids series. He made 78 movies.
Belmont Cragin, Chicago
Belmont Cragin is one of 77 officially designated Chicago community areas located on the Northwest Side of the City of Chicago. It is designated Community Area 19, and is located 8 mi NW of the Loop.
As of 2017, the neighborhood has some young professionals, some working class Latino people, and some older Polish people.
Cervical cancer
Cervical cancer is cancer of the cervix (the structure that connects the uterus and the vagina). It is caused by a virus called human papillomavirus (HPV). It is a serious medical problem and sometimes causes malignance and death. Treatments are available for cervical cancer. One sign of cervical cancer is bleeding or discharge from the vagina. Sometimes, there are no symptoms until the cancer is very developed. For this reason, pap smears have become common to diagnose this cancer. They have cut the rate of cervical cancer in half.
South West Africa (disambiguation)
South West Africa was the name for Namibia when it was under German control from 1884–1915 and South African control from 1915–1990. On March 21, 1990 South West Africa changed its name to Namibia and became independent from South Africa.
David Otunga
David Daniel Otunga, Sr. (born April 7, 1980) is an American lawyer, actor and former professional wrestler. He has work for the WWE. He is a two-time WWE Tag Team Champion. He won it once with John Cena and once with Michael McGillicutty. He was a member of NXT season 1 and was a member of the professional wrestling stable The Nexus.
Cervical cancer
The cancer stage (the extent of cancer in the body) is an important factor in deciding the best treatment for cervical cancer. Other factors, such as your preferences and overall health, are also important.
David Otunga
He is married to actress Jennifer Hudson.
Cervical cancer
A concern that some may have is fertility, the ability to have children. There are treatments for cervical cancer that preserve the uterus and ovaries. If the cancer is large or it has a high chance of coming back, it is likely to have treatments that will prevent pregnancy.
Diminutive
A diminutive is a formation of a word used to express smallness of the object or quality that is meant with the word the diminutive is formed from.
Cervical cancer
For some people, taking part in a clinical trial may be an option. Clinical trials of new cancer drugs or treatment combinations may be available. To learn more about clinical trials, including how find and join a trial, see Clinical Trials Information for Patients and Caregivers.
David Otunga
Early life
Otunga is the son of a Kenyan father, Moses, and white American mother, Billie, both of whom were educators. He is the youngest of three children. He grew up in Elgin, Illinois. Otunga graduated from Larkin High School, with mostly A-grades. Otunga holds a Bachelor's degree in psychology from the University of Illinois. Following his graduation, he moved to New York, where he worked at Columbia University as a lab manager in a cognitive neuroscience center. He later attended Harvard Law School, and passed the bar exam in Illinois. Following his graduation, he worked for the Sidley Austin LLP law firm.
Diminutive
Examples in English
Diminutives are common in most dialects of English. Terms such as "undies" for underwear and "movie" for "moving picture" are frequently heard terms in English.
Cervical cancer
For early cervical cancer, surgery is the first treatment. For cancer that is farther along, chemotherapy and radiotherapy can be used.
Diminutive
Examples in English
Common diminutives are:
Cervical cancer
Most types of cervical cancer can be prevented by a vaccine. It prevents the types of HPV that cause 70% of cervical cancer. Experts recommend that women get the vaccine and normal pap smears.
Play (album)
Play is an album by Moby. "Extreme Ways" is one of his most popular songs on the album. It was released on May 17, 1992 for V2 Records. It is an hour 3 minutes and 14 seconds long.
Chamber of Deputies (Tunisia)
The Chamber of Deputies (مجلس النواب Majlis an-Nuwwāb, Chambre des députés) was the lower chamber of the Parliament of Tunisia, the bicameral legislative branch of the government of Tunisia. It has 214 seats and members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms. The last election to the Chamber of Deputies was held in October 2009.
Kirwin, Kansas
Kirwin is a city in Phillips County, Kansas, United States. In 2010, 171 people lived there.
History
Kirwin was created in 1869. It was named after Col. John Kirwin, who led a stockade at the town place. Kirwin was incorporated as a city in 1880.
Kirwin was on the Missouri Pacific Railroad.
Geography
Kirwin is at 39.67194°N, -99.12194°W (39.672052, −99.121931). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of 0.99 sqmi. Of that, 0.96 sqmi is land and 0.03 sqmi is water.
2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 171 people, 87 households, and 42 families living in Kirwin.
Education
Kirwin is a part of USD 110 Thunder Ridge schools in Kensington. The Thunder Ridge High School mascot is Thunder Ridge Longhorns.
Daniel Passent
Daniel Passent (28 April 1938 – 14 February 2022) was a Polish journalist, politician and writer. He was the author of the En passant blog, which was appearing as a column in a Polish weekly Polityka. Passent was born in modern-day Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine. Passent was the Ambassador of Chile from 1997 until 2002.
Passent died on 14 February 2022, at the age of 83.
The Mighty Kong
The Mighty Kong is a 1998 South Korean-Canadian-American fantasy musical adventure giant monster animated directed by Art Scott. remake of the animated version of the story and loosely based on King Kong created by Merian Cooper and Edgar Wallace. produced by Lana Productions and Warner Bros Family Entertainment.
Plot
in 1933, Ann Darrow travels outside world when, Kong Island and went for the monster, Kong a 18-meter giant gorilla, taken for New York for exhibit for Broadway any means.
Cast
Additional voices - Ian James Cortlett, Michael Dobson, Paul Dobson, Hallie Todd, Alyson Court
Eleventh grade
Eleventh grade (called Grade 11 in some places, also known as junior year in the United States and Australia) is the second to last year of secondary education in the United States, as well as many other nations. Students are usually 16 when they start and are 17 years old at the end.
The Mighty Kong
Production
this film is animated in 1997 by Anirom Films, Jade Animation, Rainbow Animation itself. all voiced actors recording by Ocean Group.
Eleventh grade
The eleventh grade, also known as junior year, is a pivotal time in a student's educational journey. As the third year of high school in most countries, it serves as a transition period between the foundational years of earlier education and the final year of high school. In this article, we will explore the eleventh grade in various educational systems around the world, highlighting the unique aspects and expectations of this crucial year.
The Mighty Kong
Release
the film was released by VHS in June 16, 1998 by Warner Home Video/Warner Bros. Family and Legacy Releasing. and done by TriCoast Entertainment as a remaster edition releasing in December 10, 2019 on DVD.
Eleventh grade
= Eleventh Grade Around the World =
Bangladesh: Choosing Streams for Higher Education
In Bangladesh, students enter the 11th grade after successfully passing the Secondary School Certificate (SSC) examinations. The 11th and 12th grade education is offered in colleges, where students must choose one of three streams: science, humanities, or business studies. This choice of stream determines the subjects they will study and the future academic path they can pursue.
Belgium: Three Streams in the 5th Secondaire
In Belgium, the 11th grade is referred to as "5e secondaire" in the French-speaking part, "5de middelbaar" in the Dutch-speaking part, and "5te sekundare" in the German-speaking part. The educational system in Belgium offers three streams at this stage, allowing students to specialize in different subjects based on their interests and career aspirations.
Brazil: The Segundo Ano do Ensino Médio
In Brazil, the eleventh grade is known as the "segundo ano do ensino médio," which translates to the second year of high school. Students in this grade are usually around 16 years old. The curriculum focuses on a wide range of subjects, providing a comprehensive education before students move on to higher education or vocational training.
Bulgaria: The Penultimate Year of Gymnasium
In Bulgaria, the 11th grade serves as the penultimate year of gymnasium, the high-school stage of education. Students in this grade are typically 17-18 years old. The curriculum emphasizes academic subjects, preparing students for university entrance exams and future academic pursuits.
Canada: Grade 11 and Grade 12 Pathways
In most provinces and territories in Canada, Grade 11 is followed by Grade 12, which is the final year of high school. However, Quebec follows a unique educational system where Grade 11 (sec. 5) marks the end of secondary education. After Grade 11, students in Quebec transition to CEGEP (college), a pre-university level program specific to the province.
Colombia: Internships and National Tests
In Colombia, the 11th grade is a significant year for students as they are required to participate in an internship known as "alphabetisation." This internship often involves community service, such as teaching in schools, assisting in hospitals, or working in libraries. Additionally, students in the 11th grade must take the ICFES National Test and may also have to fulfill military draft requirements.
Finland: The Second Year of High School
In Finland, high school typically spans three years, with the 11th grade marking the second year. Finnish students have a reputation for performing well academically, and this year serves as a stepping stone toward their matriculation exams, which determine their eligibility for further education.
France: Premiere - The Penultimate Year of Secondary Education
In France, the equivalent of the eleventh grade is known as "Premiere," which translates to "first" in English. It is the penultimate year of secondary education, followed by "Terminale," the final year. Students in Premiere choose specific subjects based on their intended areas of study and future career paths.
Greece: The Second Year of Lyceum
In Greece, the eleventh grade is referred to as the second year of "lyceum" school or high school. While attendance is not compulsory, it is the penultimate year of secondary education. Students have the opportunity to delve deeper into their chosen subjects, preparing them for the final year and subsequent higher education or vocational training.
Hong Kong: Form 5 - A Crucial Year of Secondary Education
In Hong Kong, the eleventh grade is known as Form 5. It is a crucial year for students as they prepare for the Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education (HKDSE) examination, which determines their eligibility for university admission. Students take a range of subjects, including Chinese and English languages, mathematics, and elective subjects based on their interests and career aspirations.
India: The First Year of Higher Secondary Education
In India, the eleventh grade signifies the first year of higher secondary education. It is often considered the third year of high school, with the twelfth grade being the final year. The educational system in India offers different streams such as science, commerce, and humanities/arts, allowing students to choose subjects according to their future career paths.
Commerce Stream
The commerce stream focuses on subjects such as accountancy, business studies, and economics. Students in this stream gain knowledge and skills related to business and finance, preparing them for careers in commerce, accounting, banking, and entrepreneurship.
Humanities/Arts Stream
The humanities/arts stream offers a diverse range of subjects, including languages, social studies, psychology, and fine arts. Students in this stream develop critical thinking, communication, and creative skills, opening doors to careers in fields such as literature, social sciences, journalism, and the arts.
Indonesia: Three Programs to Choose From
In Indonesia, students enter the 11th grade after completing their Class X Boards. They then have the option to choose from three programs: science, social, and language. Each program focuses on specific subjects and areas of study, catering to students' interests and aptitudes.
The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz
The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz is a 1974 Canadian comedy drama movie directed by Ted Kotcheff and was based on the 1959 novel of the same name by Mordecai Richler. It stars Richard Dreyfuss, Micheline Lanctôt, Jack Warden, Randy Quaid, Joseph Wiseman, Denholm Elliott and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1975.
Eleventh grade
Ireland: Fifth Year and the Leaving Certificate
In Ireland, the eleventh grade is known as the fifth year of secondary school, also referred to as "Cuigu Bhliain." This year is dedicated to preparing students for the Leaving Certificate, a set of exams that determine their eligibility for higher education. Students study a range of subjects, including English, mathematics, science, and humanities.
Israel: Yud-Aleph - Final Tests for High School Diploma
In Israel, the eleventh grade is known as "Yud-Aleph" (11 in Hebrew numerals, י"א). Students in this grade average around 16-17 years old. It is a challenging year as students take their final tests for most subjects, except English, mathematics, and their chosen elective classes. The high school diploma, known as "te'udat bagrut," depends on the successful completion of these exams.
Malaysia: Form 5 - The Final Year of Secondary School
In Malaysia, the 11th grade is known as Form 5, which marks the final year of secondary school. Students in this grade are typically 17 years old. Form 5 is a critical year as students prepare for the Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) examination, which determines their eligibility for further education. The curriculum includes a broad range of subjects, providing a well-rounded education.
Mexico: The Second Year of High School
In Mexico, the eleventh grade is the second year of high school. Most students enter this grade at the age of 16, but there can be variations, with some students starting at 15 or 17. The curriculum focuses on core subjects, preparing students for the next stage of their education or vocational training.
Astudillo, Palencia
Astudillo is a municipality found in the province of Palencia in the autonomous community of Castile and León in Spain.
Eleventh grade
Norway: VG1 - The First Year of Videregående Skole
In Norway, the eleventh year of education is the first year of Videregående Skole, the equivalent of high school. While not compulsory, approximately 93% of Norwegian students aged 16-18 choose to enroll. Videregående Skole has no upper age limit, but students cannot start before the year they turn 16. The curriculum covers a wide range of subjects, providing students with a comprehensive education.
New Zealand: Year 12 - NCEA Level 2
In New Zealand, Year 12 is the equivalent of the eleventh grade. Students in Year 12 are typically aged 16 or 17. During this year, students work towards achieving Level 2 of the National Certificate of Educational Achievement (NCEA), the country's main secondary school qualification. The curriculum includes subjects such as English, mathematics, and elective subjects of the students' choice.
Pakistan: First Year of College-Level Education
In Pakistan, the eleventh grade is the first year of college-level education. Students can choose from various streams, including pre-medical, pre-engineering, commerce, humanities, science, home economics, arts, and more. The choice of stream is typically based on the students' performance in their SSC exams (9th and 10th grades) and their future career aspirations.
Philippines: Senior High School Year 1
In the Philippines, the eleventh grade is the first year of Senior High School, also known as SHS Year 1. This year is part of the K-12 education system, which was implemented to align the country's education system with international standards. Students choose from different tracks, including academic, technical-vocational, sports, and arts and design, based on their interests and career goals.
Russia: Final Preparations for Unified State Exam
In Russia, the eleventh grade is the final year of secondary education. It is an examinational year as students prepare for the Unified State Exam (USE), a standardized test that assesses their knowledge in subjects like mathematics, Russian language, and their chosen elective subjects. The year focuses on revising and consolidating the material learned throughout high school.
Singapore: Secondary 5 - Bridging to Further Education
In Singapore, the eleventh grade is known as Secondary 5, the final year of secondary school. Students in Secondary 5 are typically 17 years old. Depending on their academic path, some students take N Levels (normal academic levels) in Secondary 5, while others take O Levels (ordinary levels) in Secondary 4. After completing secondary education, students can proceed to Junior College or Polytechnic for further studies.
Spain: Bachillerato - Preparing for University
In Spain, the eleventh grade is the first year of Bachillerato, a two-year program preceding university education. Students aged 16 to 17 study a variety of subjects based on their chosen field of study. Bachillerato offers different tracks, including main subjects, science, humanities/sociology, and arts, allowing students to specialize in their areas of interest.
Sweden: The First Year of Upper Secondary School
In Sweden, the eleventh grade marks the first year of upper secondary school. Students in this grade typically study a broad range of subjects, laying the foundation for their future studies and career paths.
England and Wales: Year 12 - A-Level Courses
In England and Wales, the eleventh grade is referred to as Year 12 or Lower Sixth Form. This year is comparable to the 11th grade in the United States. Students usually take the first half of three or four A-Level subjects, with some also taking Advanced Subsidiary Level (AS-Level) exams. Successful completion of Year 12 leads to A-Level qualifications or BTECs, which are recognized by universities and colleges.
Northern Ireland: Lower Sixth Form and A-Levels
In Northern Ireland, the eleventh grade corresponds to Lower Sixth Form or Year 13. Students begin a two-year course, during which they work towards achieving three A-Level qualifications in their chosen subjects.
Francesco Rizzo
Francesco Rizzo (30 May 1943 – 17 July 2022) was an Italian football player. He played for Italy's national team.
Rufous-tailed lark
The rufous-tailed lark (Ammomanes phoenicura) is a passerine bird. It is native to India and northeast Pakistan.
Eleventh grade
United States: Junior Year - SAT, ACT, and Subject-Specific Courses
In the United States, the eleventh grade is commonly referred to as junior year. It is a critical year for students as they prepare for college admissions. During this year, students often take the SAT Reasoning Test or ACT in the second semester. The curriculum includes subject-specific courses such as mathematics, science, English literature, social studies, and foreign languages.
Francesco Rizzo
Rizzo died on 17 July 2022 at the age of 79.
Eleventh grade
Conclusion
The eleventh grade, or junior year of high school, is a transformative period for students all around the world. It marks the transition from earlier education to the final year of high school, preparing students for their future academic and career paths. While the specifics may vary across different educational systems, the eleventh grade serves as a crucial stepping stone towards higher education and beyond.
Francesco Rizzo
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Great Northern War
The Great Northern War (1700–1721), was a war fought between Sweden and the coalition of Russia, Saxony, Poland, and Denmark-Norway. In 1715 Prussia and Hannover joined the war against Sweden. The King of Hannover was also King George II of Great Britain.
After the coalition attacked them, Sweden invaded Russia in 1709 which was not a good idea. The Russian Army retreated so the Swedish Army had to chase them. When winter came it was the coldest winter that Europe had had in a hundred years and half of the Swedish soldiers   died in the cold. Eventually the Swedish army caught up to the Russian army and they had a battle, called the battle of Poltava. Russia won the battle but most of the Swedish soldiers, including king Charles XII of Sweden, escaped and went to the Ottoman Empire. Peter, the king of Russia, didn't like this so he declared war on the Ottoman Empire. He lost and had to give the town of Azov   back to the Ottomans.
Charles XII left the Ottoman Empire in 1714 and went to Stralsund in Pomerania which was owned by Sweden at the time but was under siege. Charles escaped back to Sweden just before the people in Stralsund surrendered. Then he invaded Norway (which was owned by Denmark at the time.) and was shot and killed there. With their king gone, the Swedish soldiers left Norway and went back to Sweden. On the way back many soldiers died.
When all that was happening Russia had been invading Sweden. Russia conquered Estonia, Livonia and Ingria. By the time the remaining soldiers had come back from Norway, Russia had completely conquered Finland. Sweden still didn't want peace though, because they would have to give lots of land to Russia. Russia used a newly made fleet of ships to attack and raid the Swedish Coast and Sweden would still not give up. Eventually the Russian and Swedish ships came together in the Battle of Grengam. Both sides thought they had won the battle so no treaty was signed until the Russians continued using their boats to damage the Swedish coast. Finally Sweden gave up in 1721. Sweden had made peace with Denmark in 1720 and in 1721 Sweden signed the treaty of Nystad.
Treaties
In the Treaty of Nystad Sweden had to give land to other countries. Sweden had to give Estonia, Livonia and Ingria to Russia but could keep Finland. Sweden also signed other treaties. These were the treaty of Stockholm where Sweden gave Prussia Swedish Pomerania and the treaty of Fredericksborg where Sweden had to pay Denmark-Norway money for the damage the war had done.
This war was significant because it allowed Russia to become the dominant power in Northeastern Europe, instead of Sweden.
Broccoli
Broccoli is a plant from the species: Brassica oleracea. It is a vegetable similar to cauliflower and cabbage. Broccoli has green flower heads and a stalk. It comes from Italy and was introduced to England and the United States around 1800, and 1900, and has become a well-liked food around the world. Purple cauliflower (violet cauliflower) is also a type of broccoli grown in North America and Europe.
Broccoli is a good source of vitamins. It’s carbohydrates are mostly fibre and a variety of sugars. Broccoli has many vitamins and minerals like Vitamin A, potassium, folic acid, and iron. When it is not harvested in the right time, it will turn into a head of yellow flowers. Spain, Mexico, India, China, and the United States are the largest producers of broccoli.
It is native to the Mediterranean. The plant was from a cabbage by a Mediterranean civilization called Etruscan. Broccoli’s name comes from the word "broccolo" in Italian language and the Latin word "brachium". It was developed from multiple crossbreeding.
Rheinfelden District
Rheinfelden is a district of the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. The capital is Rheinfelden.
It contains 14 municipalities:
Nymphomaniac (movie)
Nymphomaniac is a 2013 two-part erotic drama movie. It was directed by Lars von Trier. It is about a nymphomaniac who meets an asexual virgin and tells him about her sexual adventures. In the movie are Charlotte Gainsbourg, Stacy Martin, Stellan Skarsgard, Shia LaBeouf, Uma Thurman and Christian Slater. The movie was released on December 25, 2013 in Denmark. It was released in early 2014 in some other countries. It was filmed in Germany and Belgium in 2012. The Guardian gave the movie four out of five stars.
Imminent thunderstorm (Filippini)
Imminent thunderstorm (also known as Temporale imminente) is a 19th-century late impressionist painted in oil by Francesco Filippini. It was painted about 1890, in Milano, Italy. Is in the collection of the GAM-Gallery of Modern Art of Milan (inv. n. 7146).
Description
The conception of the work is of absolute avant-garde, of landscape, in which the vision is placed like the will of a bird from above, granting a unique and immersive perspective in the work and in the metrological change of the sky, waiting for the storm on the mountain. The presence of men and animals from that height are completely undefined but they protest their presence in the landscape. The composition with aerial vision has a completely dilated perspective, bringing the possibility of looking beyond all limits, where the horizon is not defined by the creation of an arc that is one with the sky without a line of fracture through the sky and the earth.
David Toland
David C. Toland (born May 4, 1977) is an American politician. He is the 52nd Lieutenant Governor of Kansas since 2021, and the Kansas Secretary of Commerce since 2019.
Boalemo Regency
Boalemo Regency is a regency (Kabupaten) of the Indonesian Province of Gorontalo.
Telluric acid
Telluric acid is a chemical compound. It is an acid. Its chemical formula is H6TeO6. It contains hydrogen and tellurate ions. It contains the TeO66- form of the tellurate ion.
Jive
Jive may mean one of these:
Telluric acid
Telluric acid can be made by reacting tellurium dioxide with chromium trioxide or hydrogen peroxide.
It is used to make other tellurates such as sodium tellurate.
27 Club
The 27 club is the name given to a group of musicians, artists, actors and other celebrities who died at age 27. The members or number of members of this group is not fixed.
Charlie Hebdo shooting
On 7 January 2015, at approximately 11:30 CET (10:30 UTC), three masked gunmen armed with Kalashnikov rifles, a shotgun, and a rocket-propelled grenade launcher stormed the headquarters of the French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo in Paris. They shot and killed 12 people, including Charlie Hebdo staff and two French National police officers, and wounded 11 others. In Niger churches and cars were burned in protest of Muhammed on the cover of Charlie Hebdo.
The gunmen entered the building and began shooting with automatic weapons, while shouting "Allahu Akbar". Up to 50 shots were fired during the attack. Following a massive manhunt, the French police believe they have located the attackers and are mounting an operation against them. On Twitter people used the hashtag #JeSuisCharlie to show support for freedom of speech after the shooting. It is similiar to Monkseaton Shooting.
Background
Charlie Hebdo is an antireligious left-wing newspaper. In 2011 the newspaper's office was firebombed because the cover of an issue of the newspaper called "Charia Hebdo" had a cartoon of Prophet Muhammad on it. The newspaper's editor-in-chief Stéphane "Charb" Charbonnier was added to Al-Qaeda's most wanted list in 2013.
Suspects
Saïd Kouachi and Chérif Kouachi were identified by French police as the main suspects in the shooting. The two Franco-Algerian brothers, both from Gennevilliers, are aged 34 and 32, respectively. In 2008, Chérif Kouachi was convicted of terrorism charges and sentenced to three years in prison, along with 18 months of suspension, for having assisted in sending fighters to Iraq's insurgency.
Hamyd Mourad, an 18-year-old homeless man of unknown nationality, was identified by the police as a third suspect in the shooting.
Ever Anderson
Ever Gabo Anderson (born November 3, 2007) is an American actress and model. She is known for portraying a young "Natasha Romanoff" in the 2021 movie Black Widow.
Bone Bolango Regency
Bone Bolango Regency is a regency (Kabupaten) of the Indonesian Province of Gorontalo.
Charlie Hebdo
Charlie Hebdo (French pronunciation: []; French for Weekly Charlie) is a French satirical weekly newspaper, featuring cartoons, reports, and jokes. It was founded by Georges Bernier and François Cavanna in 1970.