cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Mitochondria
Population genetic studies
The near-absence of recombination in mitochondrial DNA makes it useful for population genetics and evolutionary biology. If all the mitochondrial DNA is inherited as a single haploid unit, the relationships between mitochondrial DNA from different individuals can be seen as a gene tree. Patterns in these gene trees can be used to infer the evolutionary history of populations. The classic example of this is where the molecular clock can be used to give a date for the so-called mitochondrial Eve. This is often interpreted as strong support for the spread of modern humans out of Africa. Another human example is the sequencing of mitochondrial DNA from Neanderthal bones. The relatively large evolutionary distance between the mitochondrial DNA sequences of Neanderthals and living humans is evidence for a general lack of interbreeding between Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans.
However, mitochondrial DNA only reflects the history of females in a population. It may not represent the history of the population as a whole. To some extent, paternal genetic sequences from the Y-chromosome can be used. In a broader sense, only studies that also include nuclear DNA can provide a comprehensive evolutionary history of a population.
Count Dracula (movie)
Count Dracula (Nachts, wenn Dracula erwacht) is a 1970 Spanish West German Italian Liechtenstein British horror movie directed by Jesús Franco and is based on the 1897 novel Dracula by Bram Stoker. It stars Christopher Lee, Herbert Lom, Klaus Kinski, Fred Williams, Maria Rohm, Soledad Miranda and was distributed by Gloria Film.
Toto IV
Toto IV is the fourth studio album by American rock band Toto and was released on March 26, 1982 through Columbia Records. It topped the album charts in Australia, Canada and the Netherlands. It went to the top 10 in Japan, New Zealand, Norway, the United Kingdom and the United States. It won for 2 Grammy Awards in 1983.
Saint-Mards-en-Othe
Saint-Mards-en-Othe is a commune of the Aube département in the north-central part of France.
The Ghost of War
The Ghost of War (El espectro de la guerra) is a 1988 Nicaraguan drama movie directed by Ramiro Lacayo-Deshon and starring Elmer Macfield, Alenka Díaz, Manuel Poveda, Pilar Aguirre, Carlos Aleman Ocampo.
Joanna Modes
Joanna Modes is a Polish actress, businesswoman, and charity activist. She was born on May 21, 1985, in Szczecin, Poland. She gained attention as the girlfriend of Formula One driver Robert Kubica. She is the Founder of the Modes Art Gallery Foundation.
Early Life and Education
Joanna Modes is the first daughter of Robert Bagration-Mukhraneli and Wioleta von Tiele-Winckler. She has a younger sister named Viktoria Magdalena. Her family has Georgian, Italian, Polish, and German ancestry, and they follow different faiths.
Modes graduated from Marymount High School in Los Angeles, California, in 2004. She then pursued her education at the Poznan Academy of Performing Arts (PAPA). She completed a TV Presenting course at the Polish National TV Academy (TVP). She later took a management course at the London Business School.
Career
Modes started her career by modeling at charity events and making appearances in movies, theaters, and commercials. In 2006, she interned for a political party in Georgia. Her involvement in politics caused issues with her family. This led to her being legally disinherited in September 2008. She changed her name to Joanna Modes.
She volunteered to support charities during the Covid-19 pandemic in 2019. In 2022, she founded the Modes Art Gallery Foundation, providing grants to lifesaving charities.
Personal Life
In 2009, Joanna Modes sued her family for emotional abuse and reached an out-of-court settlement. She changed her name to Joanna Modes. In 2004, she gained attention for her relationship with footballer Chris Long. She later met F1 driver Robert Kubica, became friends, started dating in 2012, and reunited in 2017.
Australian Broadcasting Corporation
The Australian Broadcasting Corporation, known as "the ABC", is Australia's national public broadcaster. It has a yearly budget of A$1.18 billion. The ABC provides television, radio, online and mobile information services throughout Australia, as well as overseas through the ABC Australia and Radio Australia.
It began in 1929 as The Australian Broadcasting Company. It became a government owned corporation on 1 July 1932, called the Australian Broadcasting Commission. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation Act 1983 changed the name of the organisation to the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, from 1 July 1983. Although funded and owned by the government, the ABC remains editorially independent. This independence is part of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation Act 1983.
Radio
The ABC has 46 local radio stations, four national networks and international service Radio Australia. It also has three digital radio stations.
ABC Local Radio has 46 individual stations, each with a similar format. This format is locally presented light entertainment, news, talkback, music, sport and interviews. It also has some national programs such as AM snd PM (current affairs), The World Today, sporting events and Nightlife.
Palestine Liberation Organization
The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) is a group that works to create a state for Palestinians. The group was created in 1964. It represents Palestinians in diplomatic relations to other countries. It has held observer status at the United Nations since 1974.
The PLO used violence to try and get what they wanted, which was land from the Israelis that they lost in the Arab-Israeli War in 1948. The PLO wants the right of return for Palestinian refugees. There were many cases of fighting between the PLO and the Israeli army.
There are two factions in the organization: Fatah and Hamas. From 1993 to 1998, the PLO made agreements with Israel that created the Palestinian National Authority (PNA). The PNA is in charge of governing Gaza and the West Bank. The leader of the PLO at the time was Yasser Arafat. He signed a series of peace treaties called the Oslo Accords with Yitzhak Rabin who was the Prime Minister of Israel at the time. Many politicians in the PLO and Israel did not agree with the Accords. Far right Israeli Yigal Amir who disagreed very much with the agreements killed Israeli prime minister Rabin.
Mahmoud Abbas has been leading the PLO as successor of Arafat since 29 October 2004 (acting until 11 November 2004).
Australian Broadcasting Corporation
Radio
ABC Radio National broadcasts more than 60 special interest programs every week. These cover a range of topics including music, comedy, book readings, radio dramas, poetry, science, health, the arts, religion, social history and current affairs.
ABC NewsRadio is a continuous news service. It was known as the Parliamentary and News Network. It was set up to broadcast sittings of the Australian Federal Parliament, and to provide a news service at other times. The network broadcasts news on a 24 hours a day, seven days a week, with updates on the quarter-hour. Much of the news content is produced by the ABC itself, however many programs come from the BBC World Service, NPR, Deutsche Welle, Radio Netherlands and CNN Radio.
ABC Classic FM was the ABC's first FM radio service. It was originally called "ABC FM". Its format was based on community stations and BBC Radio 3.
Triple J is a national youth radio network. It plays contemporary alternative and independent music. Its audience is people aged 18–35. While the network plays music from around the world, it has a strong focus on local artists. Triple J was formerly known as "Double Jay" when it launched in Sydney on 19 January 1975.
Television
The ABC operates four TV channels. ABC TV, the Corporation's original television service, receives most of funding for television and shows new comedy, drama, documentaries, and news and current affairs. In each state and territory a local news bulletin is shown at 7.00 p.m. nightly.
In 2001 ABC TV began its digital service.
ABC TV Plus which began in 2005, is a digital-only channel that shows mainly repeated programs from ABC TV. It does have some original content including news programs, children's shows, animation, and music shows.
ABC Me is a children's TV channel which began on 4 December 2009.
ABC News is a 24-hour news channel which began on 22 July 2010.
Avolar
Avolar was a Mexican low-cost airline. Its headquarters and largest hub were in Tijuana. It started on September 7, 2005 with one Boeing 737-500 airplane. It was one of the first low-cost airlines in Mexico. By 2008, the airline had 10 Boeing 737 airplanes. It flew to 21 cities throughout Mexico. Avolar suspended flights for 3 days in August 2008 and for 1 day in October 2008. This was due to large debts. Avolar asked to fly to the United States on October 28, 2008. Avolar finally stopped flying on that same day - October 28, 2008. The airline has never flown again since then.
International Roller Sports Federation
The Fédération Internationale de Roller Sports (FIRS; International Federation of Roller Sports) was the world governing body for roller sports.
Norio Takahashi
Norio Takahashi (高橋 範夫) is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
194||0||6||0||11||0||211||0 0||0||||||||||0||0 32||0||1||0||0||0||33||0 226||0||7||0||11||0||244||0
Tulip Siddiq
Tulip Rizwana Siddiq (টিউলিপ রেজওয়ানা সিদ্দীক; born 16 September 1982) is a British Labour Party co-operative politician. She was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Hampstead and Kilburn at the 2015 general election.
Confederation of Asian Roller Sports
The Confederation of Asia Roller Sports (CARS) is the main roller skating organization of Asia. The CARS is part of the International Roller Sports Federation.
Tulip Siddiq
Siddiq is Muslim.
Drag king
Drag kings are female performance artists who dress in male clothes. They play male gender roles as part of an individual or group routine. Drag kings may be straight, lesbian or transgender. They often perform as macho male characters, like construction workers and rappers.
In the late 1800s/early 1900s, several drag kings became British music hall stars. British pantomime has preserved the tradition of women in male roles. Starting in the mid 1990s, drag kings started to have the fame and attention for which drag queens are known.
The term drag king was first used in print in 1972.
Drag kings are mostly a part of lesbian culture. They can be most often seen at lesbian festivals or bars. However, not all drag kings are lesbians.
Junio Hamano
Junio Hamano (濱野 純) is a software engineer and hacker from Japan. He is best known for leading a large team of software developers who maintain Git. Linus Torvalds, the original developer, has said that one of his big successes was recognizing Hamano's skills as a developer. Torvalds turned the entire project over to Hamano in July 2005. Hamano lives in California. He works for Google.
Murder of Robert Ross
On March 6, 1894, in Troy, New York, during an election riot between pollwatchers and operatives of the local Democratic political ward boss who were repeat voting, a young poll watcher, Robert Ross, was shot and killed. His brother, William Ross, was also shot but he survived.
Okmulgee County, Oklahoma
Okmulgee County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of 2000, 39,685 people lived there. Its county seat is Okmulgee.
Saint-Julien, Var
Saint-Julien is a commune of 2,402 people (2019). It is in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Var department in southeast France.
Oklahoma County, Oklahoma
Oklahoma County is a county in the central part of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. At the 2000 census, 660,448 people lived there. Its county seat is Oklahoma City.
Geography
The county has a total area of 718 square miles.
Templeux-la-Fosse
Templeux-la-Fosse is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
New York Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the State of New York is the trial court of New York State Unified Court System. In many counties it is only used in civil trials, and most of the criminal trials are settled in County Court.
World Skate
World Skate is the current IOC recognised organisational body for roller sports, including skateboarding, rink hockey, inline hockey, inline speed skating, inline alpine, downhill, roller derby, roller freestyle, inline freestyle, Freestyle scootering, aggressive inline skating, inline figure skating and artistic roller skating. The organisation is the result of the merger of the Fédération Internationale de Roller Sports (FIRS) and the International Skateboarding Federation (ISF) in September 2017 after the ISF's involvement with the scheduled skateboarding events at the Japan 2020 Olympics were rejected.
Shock to the System (Billy Idol song)
"Shock to the System" is a 1993 song by Billy Idol. It was taken from his fifth studio album Cyberpunk. It went to number 30 in the United Kingdom, number 18 in Italy, number 28 in Australia, number 5 in New Zealand, number 34 in Iceland, number 44 in France and just missed making the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the United States.
Track listings
Several singles for "Shock to the System" were released to various countries. Several included various remixes of "Heroin", a cover of The Velvet Underground's song of the same name, composed and written by Lou Reed. The cover of "Heroin" also included the lyric "Jesus died for somebody's sins/But not mine", written by Patti Smith for her cover of "Gloria". The Australian, Japan, Netherlands, and U.S. releases included the track "Aftershock", which was not included in the Cyberpunk CD.
U.K. double CD release
Bob Barker
Robert William "Bob" Barker (born December 12, 1923) is an American retired television game show host and animal rights activist. He is best known for hosting CBS's The Price is Right from 1972 to 2007 and for hosting Truth or Consequences from 1956 to 1974.
NGC 735
NGC 735 is a spiral galaxy in the Triangulum constellation. It is about 213 million light-years away from the Milky Way.
Bob Barker
Early life
Barker was born Robert William Barker on December 12, 1923 in Darrington, Washington. He is of Sioux descent. Barker studied at Drury College.
The Price is Right
On September 4, 1972, Barker began hosting the CBS revival of The Price Is Right. On October 15, 1987, Barker did what other MCs almost never did: renounced hair dye and allowed his hair to turn gray.
In 2006, The Price Is Right marked its 35th consecutive year on the air. It is the longest-running game show of all time in North America, and at the time was the last surviving show in the daytime game show genre.
On October 31, 2006, Barker made his announcement that he would retire from The Price Is Right in June 2007. He taped his final episode on June 6, 2007, with the show airing twice on June 15.
Movies
He was also seen acting as himself in the 1996 Adam Sandler comedy movie Happy Gilmore.
Awards
He is the winner of nineteen Daytime Emmy Awards. Barker won the MTV Award for Best Fight with Adam Sandler for his fight scene in Happy Gilmore.
Health
Barker is a skin cancer survivor. On September 17, 2010, Barker collapsed at an L.A. shooting range. He was treated at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center for an adverse drug reaction and released.
Longevity
Barker broke Johnny Carson's record for continuous performances on the same network television show with twenty-nine years.
Camas, Seville
Camas is a municipality of 27,443 people (2022). It is in the province of Seville in the autonomous community of Andalusia in Spain.
Football player Sergio Ramos was born here.
Jacquard loom
The Jacquard loom is a mechanical loom. It is used to make patterns in clothing material. It was invented by Joseph Marie Jacquard, and first used in 1801. It simplified the process of making textiles with complex patterns.
Pericles, Prince of Tyre
Pericles, Prince of Tyre is a play by William Shakespeare. It is a comedy. Shakespeare's source was The Patterne of Painefull Adventures (1576) by Lawrence Twine. Pericles, Prince of Tyre was probably first acted between 1608 and 1609. It was probably first printed in quarto form in 1609.
Ha*Ash
Ha*Ash is an American Latin pop duo from Lake Charles, Louisiana. The band was formed in 2002 by sisters Ashley Grace and Hanna Nicole. The duo's name is a combination of their names.
Career
They recorded their self-titled first album Ha*Ash with the Mexican producer Áureo Baqueiro in 2003. In April, they released their first single, "Odio Amarte". The second single was "Estés Donde Estés" which was released in July 2003. In February 2004, a third single was released: the ballad "Te Quedaste". This was followed by their second album Mundos Opuestos again with Áureo Baqueiro. "Amor a Medias" was the first single and reached number four on the Mexican Chart in April 2006. The song was chosen to promote Sony's products. "Me Entrego a Ti" was the second single which was written by Colombian artist Soraya and had the same success.
Early 2008, they recorded their third album, Habitación Doble, in Nashville, Tennessee. This album have a collaboration of the singer Brandi Carlile with the song "Already Home", their first English song recorded by them (like officially). A Tiempo is the fourth studio album. It was released under the label Sony Music Latin on May 16, 2011. A Tiempo was recorded over a period of almost a year between Los Angeles, California and Milan, Italy. Ha*Ash worked with producer Áureo Baqueiro and invited Michele Canova.
After completing the tour for A Tiempo in 2013, it was revealed that Ha*Ash had begun production of the album Primera Fila: Hecho Realidad, which was released in 2014. Ha*Ash is the youngest group to record a Primera Fila concept album. The album includes material from her past four studio albums as well as 8 newly recorded songs. The CD/DVD has images from their hometown in Louisiana and a live concert filmed in Estudios Churubusco, Mexico City.
30 de Febrero was released on December 1, 2017 by Sony Music Latin. The album features artists with Prince Royce and Abraham Mateo on the title track. "100 Años" with Prince Royce was the first single and reached number one on the Mexican Chart in December 2017. On October 20, 2017, Ha*Ash released the video for the album's lead single. On October 3, 2018, Ha*Ash became the first Latin music band to be featured in the Spotify Singles concept.
On December 6, 2019, the duo released a live album, entitled En vivo, based on a recording from the concert at the Auditorio Nacional in Mexico on November 11, 2018.
Discography
Studio albums
Live albums
Tour
Headlining
Opening acts
William Newnham
William Thomson Newnham (February 7, 1923 – August 23, 2014) was a Canadian educator. He was the first president of Seneca College serving from 1967 through 1984.
Newnham was born in Shallow Lake, Ontario. After serving in the Royal Canadian Air Force in World War II, Newnham went to Queen's University to study phyiscs and math.
After his graduation, Newnham became a teacher and later as principal of Northview Heights Secondary School in North York from 1959 to 1966. He then became President of Seneca College in 1967 and served until 1984. Newnham authored books about teaching profession. Seneca's main campus in North York, Newnham Campus, was named in his honour.
Hidehiko Shimizu
Hidehiko Shimizu (born 4 November 1954) is a former Japanese football player. He has played for Nissan Motors.
Measure for Measure
Measure for Measure is a play by William Shakespeare. It is a comedy. Shakespeare's source may be George Whetstone's Promos and Cassandra. Measure for Measure may have been first acted on 24 December 1606. It was probably first printed in the First Folio of 1623.
Jeopardy!
Jeopardy! is an American television game show created by Merv Griffin. The show first appeared on NBC, where it was hosted by Art Fleming from March 30, 1964 to January 3, 1975 and again from October 2, 1978 to March 2, 1979. Beginning Sony Pictures Television on September 10, 1984 and continuing into the present, the show is in syndicated format and was hosted by Alex Trebek from 1984 until his death in 2020. Versions of the show have been made in many foreign countries throughout the world. The current hosts of the show are Ken Jennings and Mayim Bialik.
Since the syndicated version premiered, the show has won the most Emmy Awards of any game show on daytime television. In 2001 & 2012, TV Guide named it the second-best game show of all time. The 38th season of the syndicated version premiered on September 13, 2021.
Record holders
Brad Rutter is the biggest money winner on the show, having won $4,688,436 in five regular episodes and several tournaments. Ken Jennings won 74 games, which is the longest winning streak. James Holzhauer holds the top sixteen spots for the highest winnings in a single game in regular play.
Theme music
Since the show started in 1964, there were various songs and arrangements that were used as the show's main theme. Most of these were composed by Merv Griffin. The best known theme song is "Think!". It has served as the countdown music for the Final Jeopardy! round since 1964.
Mercer County
Mercer County is the name of eight counties in the United States:
Jeopardy!
Theme music
Between 1964 and 1975, a jazz tune called "Take Ten", composed by Julian Griffin, served as the main theme. When the series was revived in 1978, "January, February, March" served as the opening theme, and "Frisco Disco" served as the closing theme, both of which were composed by Merv Griffin himself. "January, February, March" was also used in the first pilot of the syndicated version.
Beginning with the Alex Trebek hosted syndicated version in September 1984, a rendition of "Think!" served as the show's main theme. The original version of the main theme consisted of saxophones and synthesizers along with the original recording of "Think!" retained for the final segment. A swooshing sound effect was added during the show's introduction.
In 1992, the main theme was remixed to include congas. It was used for tournaments in Season 8, and then it was put permanently into use in Season 9. In 1997, both the main theme and "Think!" music were rearranged by Steve Kaplan. They both involved a more piano-driven, orchestral, jazzy sound. In 2001, the 1997 theme was rearranged, and its tempo increased. In 2008, Chris Bell Music & Sound Design overhauled the Jeopardy! music package for the show’s 25th anniversary. And in 2021, Bleeding Fingers Music rearranged the 2008 theme.
Set
Like the theme music, the Jeopardy! set changed over the years. The original game board was exposed behind a curtain. The clues were printed on clue cards, which were shown as a player asked for a certain clue and its value. In 1978, the cards were dropped in favor of flipping panels which had the dollar value on one side and the clue on the other. Also, the curtain was changed to double-slide panels. When the show came back in 1984, the game board was changed again. This time it was made up of 30 television screens for each clue in the categories. In 1991, the original screens were changed to larger screens. In 2006, the screens were changed to a projection video wall. Then in 2009, the video wall was changed to 36 HD flat-panel screens.
Other changes to the set have been made since the start of the syndicated version. Starting in 1985 and continuing until 1997, the sets were designed to have a blue background for the Jeopardy! round and a red background for the Double Jeopardy! and Final Jeopardy! rounds; however, starting in 2005 and continuing into the present, the background color changes to red when the lights dim during Final Jeopardy! In November 1996, two months after the start of Season 13, a new set designed by Naomi Slodki was brought in. In November 2002, another new set designed by Slodki was brought in. This set was slightly changed in 2006 when Jeopardy! started airing in high-definition.
A new set came out with the Tournament of Champions and Celebrity Jeopardy! taped in 2009 at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, Nevada. It became the main set at the start of Season 26 in 2009. Another new set was brought in at the start of Season 30 in 2013. It was slightly modified in 2020 to accommodate health measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Eureka, Missouri
Eureka is a city of St. Louis County, Missouri.
NGC 736
NGC 736 is an elliptical galaxy in the Triangulum constellation. It is about 200 million light-years away from the Milky Way.
Prisoner of war
A prisoner of war (short form: POW) is a non-combatant who has been captured or surrendered by the forces of the enemy, during an armed conflict. In past centuries, prisoners had no rights. They were usually killed or forced to be slaves. Nowadays prisoners of war have rights that are stated in the Geneva Conventions and other laws of war.
Rights
The Third Geneva Convention gives prisoners of war many different rights. Here are some examples:
Las Meninas
Las Meninas is an oil painting by the Spanish painter Diego Velázquez. The painting hangs in the Museo del Prado in Madrid, the capital of Spain. It was painted in 1656.
Prisoner of war
Not every prisoner gets these rights
Not all people who are caught while fighting wars are "prisoners of war." The Third Geneva Convention has a strict definition of what a prisoner of war is. For example, it says that to be "prisoners of war," soldiers must:
According to the Geneva Conventions, if soldiers do not meet these requirements, they are not "prisoners of war." They are "unlawful combatants" (which means "people who fight in ways that are against the law). This means they do NOT have the rights that are listed in the Geneva Conventions.
This caused controversy in the early 21st century. For example, in June 2002, the United States was fighting the War in Afghanistan. The Secretary of Defense, Donald Rumsfeld, announced that the people the U.S. had captured were "unlawful combatants [who] do not have any rights under the Geneva Convention[s]." The U.S. said these people were unlawful combatants, not prisoners of war, because:
Las Meninas
Description of the painting
Las Meninas shows a large room in the Madrid palace of King Phillip IV of Spain. Several people are in the painting, and we know who they are. Some are looking at one another and others are looking out from the painting at the viewer (the person who is looking at the painting).
Prisoner of war
Not every prisoner gets these rights
The U.S. brought some of these people to a prison in Guantánamo Bay. Because they were enemy combatants, the inmates at Guantánamo did not get the rights that the Geneva Conventions give to prisoners of war.
Las Meninas
Description of the painting
The person who stands in the middle is the Infanta Margarita Teresa of Austria (the princess, daughter of the king and queen). She has two maids of honour, one on each side of her, a chaperone, a bodyguard, two dwarfs and a dog. Velázquez has also painted himself, standing just behind the princess and her companions. He is standing at the artist’s easel. He has stopped painting for a moment and looks straight out at the viewer. At the back of the room is a mirror in which we can see the top halves of the bodies of the king and queen. This means that the king and queen are the viewers who are looking at the painting. The king and queen are probably being painted by Velázquez, but not everybody agrees with this.
Prisoner of war
War crimes against prisoners of war
When a country, or a group of people, does not give prisoners of war their rights, they are committing a war crime. However, punishing those war crimes has not always been easy.
Las Meninas
Description of the painting
Velázquez was very famous in his lifetime. He painted portraits of several royal people at the Spanish court. Philip himself did not like being painted when he was old, but he allowed Velázquez to include him in Las Meninas. He had given Velázquez a special room where he could paint, and he often sat and watched the painter at work in his studio.
Prisoner of war
Punishing crimes
The Geneva Convention lists the rights that prisoners of war have. However, there is nothing in the Geneva Convention that says how people should be punished when they do not give prisoners of war these rights.
Las Meninas
Description of the painting
The painting was damaged a bit by a fire in 1734 and some of it was repainted, including the left cheek of the Infanta. In recent years it lost some of its colour, partly due to the pollution caused by so many visitors to the gallery. It was cleaned in 1984. Some people thought it made the picture look different.
Prisoner of war
Punishing crimes
In the past, when a country broke the Geneva Convention by not giving prisoners of war their rights, many different things might happen. For example, after World War II ended, the countries that won the war set up military tribunals called the Nuremberg Trials and the Tokyo Trials. At these trials, military leaders from Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan were tried for crimes against prisoners of war (and many other things). Many of them were convicted and sentenced to death or to life in prison.
Las Meninas
Description of the painting
The people in Las Meninas are in Velázquez's studio in the royal palace. The Infanta Margarita Teresa of Austria (number 1 in the key picture) in the middle of the picture is five years old. She later married the Roman Emperor Leopold. She has two ladies-in-waiting (meninas): doña Isabel de Velasco (2), who is about to curtsy to the princess, and doña María Agustina Sarmiento de Sotomayor (3), who kneels in front of Margarita, offering her a drink from a red cup, or bucaro, that she holds on a golden tray. To the right of the Infanta are two dwarfs: Maribarbola (4) who was German, and Nicolas Pertusato (5) who was Italian. He is trying to wake up a dog by his feet. Behind them stands doña Marcela de Ulloa (6), the princess's chaperone, dressed in mourning and talking to a bodyguard (or guardadamas) (7). We do not know the name of the bodyguard.
Prisoner of war
Punishing crimes
However, at other times, crimes against prisoners of war might be tried in the same country where the crimes happened. This might happen before or after the war ended. Sometimes crimes against prisoners of war were not punished at all.
Las Meninas
Description of the painting
At the back on the right stands Don José Nieto Velázquez (8)—the queen's chamberlain during the 1650s, and the head of the royal tapestry works—who may have been a relative of the artist. Nieto is shown pausing, with his right knee bent and his feet on different steps. We are not sure what he is doing. None of the people in the picture can see him. Only the viewer (the king and queen?) can.
Prisoner of war
The International Criminal Court
In 2002, the International Criminal Court (ICC) was created to look into war crimes around the world, and punish people for them, if possible.
Las Meninas
Description of the painting
Velázquez himself (9) stands to the left of the scene, looking outward past a large canvas supported by an easel. On his chest is the red cross of the Order of Santiago, which he did not receive until 1659, three years after the painting was completed. He later added the cross to the painting.
Prisoner of war
The International Criminal Court
The ICC has a long list of crimes that are defined as war crimes. Some war crimes against prisoners of war are:
Scream 2
Scream 2 is a 1997 American slasher film directed by Wes Craven and written by Kevin Williamson. It stars David Arquette, Neve Campbell, Matthew Lillard, Dax Shepard, Courteney Cox, Sarah Michelle Gellar, Laurie Metcalf, Jamie Kennedy, Jerry O'Connell, Jada Pinkett and Liev Schreiber.
Prisoner of war
The International Criminal Court
If a country, or a group of people, commit a war crime against prisoners of war, the ICC can put them on trial and punish them if they are found guilty.
Scream 2
The film was released on December 12, 1997 by Dimension Films as the second installment in the Scream film series. Scream 2 takes place one year after Scream and again follows the character of Sidney Prescott (Campbell) and her brother Jerry (Lillard), now students at the fictional Windsor College, who becomes the target of a copycat killer using the guise of Ghostface. Sidney and Jerry are accompanied by film-geek Randy Meeks (Kennedy), Jerry's friend Tom Scott (Shepard) retired deputy sheriff Dewey Riley (Arquette) and news reporter Gale Weathers (Cox). Like its predecessor, Scream 2 combines the violence of the slasher genre with elements of comedy and "whodunit" mystery while satirizing the cliché of film sequels. The film was followed by two sequels, Scream 3 (2000) and Scream 4 (2011).
Ottawa County, Oklahoma
Ottawa County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of 2000, 33,194 people lived there. Its county seat is Miami.
Scream 2
Williamson provided a five-page outline for a sequel to Scream when auctioning his original script, hoping to entice bidders with the potential of buying a franchise. Following a successful test screening of Scream and the film's financial and critical success, Dimension moved forward with the sequel while Scream was still in theaters, with the principal cast all returning to star, Craven to direct and Beltrami to provide music.
Hans-Ulrich Rudel
Oberst (Colonel) Hans-Ulrich Rudel (2 July 1916 in Konradswaldau – 18 December 1982 in Rosenheim) was a Stuka dive bomber pilot on the eastern front during World War II. He was the most highly decorated German serviceman of the war.
Scream 2
The film suffered controversy following its significant issues with plot information leaking onto the Internet, revealing the identity of the killers. Combined with the film's rushed schedule, the script was rewritten often; pages were sometimes completed on the day of filming. Despite these issues, Scream 2 earned $172 million, received several awards and nominations. The film also received positive reviews, with some critics arguing that the sequel surpassed the original in terms of quality.
Hans-Ulrich Rudel
Rudel was one of only 27 military men to be awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds. He was the only person to be awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Golden Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds. It was Germany's highest military decoration at the time.
Scream 2
Beltrami received positive critical reception for his score for evolving the musical themes of the characters created in Scream although some critics claimed that the most memorable pieces from the film were created by composers Danny Elfman and Hans Zimmer. Elfman's contribution had been specially written for the film, but Zimmer's score for Broken Arrow was controversially used in the film, replacing Beltrami's own work. The soundtrack received negative feedback from reviewers but achieved moderate sales success, reaching #50 on the Billboard 200.
Hans-Ulrich Rudel
After the war he went to South America and helped organize Nazi refugees.
Scream 2
Plot
While attending a preview of the film Stab, a film within a film based on the Woodsboro murders, Windsor College seniors Maureen Evans, Hugh Daniels and Phil Stevens (Jada Pinkett Smith, David Spade and Omar Epps) are murdered by Ghostface. Phil is stabbed through the ear in a bathroom stall while trying to eavesdrop on strange whimpering noises. The killer, wearing a Ghostface costume, then returns to the screening and sits beside Maureen before mortally stabbing her. At first the audience believes the act to be a publicity stunt until she falls dead in front of the cinema screen, Hugh tries to call the police, but the killer stabs him in the back, killing him.
Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume
Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume is a commune of 17,095 people (2019). It is in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Var department in southeast France.
Scream 2
Plot
Later that evening, Sidney, Jerry and Tom go to a party with Hallie. At a sorority house, Ghostface murders fellow student Cici Cooper (Sarah Michelle Gellar). After all the partygoers leave, the killer then crashes the party and attack Sidney, Jerry and Tom, though Derek intervenes. The killer injures Derek but Dewey and the police arrive, prompting the killer to flee. The next morning, Gale discusses the case with the police. Upon realising that Cici's real name is Casey, she concludes that the killer is a copycat who targets students who share the same names as the Woodsboro murder victims, as Maureen Evans has the same name as Maureen Prescott, Phil Stevens as Steve Orth, Hugh Daniels as Dan Williams and Casey Cooper as Casey Becker.
That afternoon, while Gale is talking to Dewey, Tom and Randy on the campus lawn, she receives a call from Ghostface hinting that he is watching them. They search for him, but Randy, who tries to keep the killer on the phone, is dragged into Gale's broadcast van and is murdered by Ghostface. As night falls, Dewey and Gale review the tape of Ghostface killing Randy hoping to find some clues but the killer attacks them and seemingly kills Dewey. Gale hides and eventually escapes.
Sidney, Jerry and Tom go back to the campus and find Derek in the auditorium tied to a crucifix, his mouth gagged with duct tape. Once Sidney, Jerry and Tom untie him, they is confronted by Ghostface, who reveals himself as Mickey and tells Sidney, Jerry and Tom that Derek is his partners. Derek desperately tries to persuade Sidney, Jerry and Tom that he is innocent and while Sidney, Jerry and Tom are deciding who is telling the truth, Mickey kills Derek. Mickey details his plan to become famous in the ensuing trial and media spectacle. He then announces his real partner, Debbie Salt, who arrives holding Gale at gunpoint. Sidney, Jerry and Tom recognise that Salt is actually Billy Loomis' mother, seeking revenge for her son's death. Mickey explains that they met online and agreed that Mrs. Loomis pays for Mickey's tuition fee while Mickey does the actual killing. Mrs. Loomis betrays Mickey and shoots him, as she plans to blame the murders on Mickey. Before he collapses, Mickey accidentally shoots Gale, causing her to fall off the stage, Sidney, Jerry and Mrs. Loomis fight, during their fight Mrs. Loomis shoots Tom in the stomach, killing him, until Cotton intervenes and eventually shoots Mrs. Loomis in the throat. As they debate whether or not she is still alive, they find Gale still alive. Mickey suddenly jumps to his feet, trying to attack them, only to be shot death by Sidney, Jerry and Gale. Sidney and Jerry then shoot Mrs. Loomis in the head to confirm her death, amd Jerry runs up to Tom and he gives Jerry some video tapes of he, Jerry, Dan, Sidney, Tatum, Billy, Stu, Randy, Cici, Martha, Jerry's old friends: (Justin Wilson, Douglas Harris, Karen James) and Sidney and Jerry's brother Steve, then Tom slowly dies, and Jerry cries over Tom's body. When the police arrive the next morning, Gale finds Dewey badly injured but still alive and accompanies him and Tom to the hospital. Sidney and Jerry instruct the press to direct questions to Cotton, rewarding him with the fame he has been chasing while removing the attention from herself as she and Jerry leave the university campus. A week later at Tom's funeral, Sidney and Jerry stand near Tom's grave.
Cast
Luke Wilson and Heather Graham cameo as actors in the in-universe Stab film. Tori Spelling and Donovan Patton appears as themselves, and Joshua Jackson cameos as one of Randy's classmates.
Tombstone, Arizona
Tombstone is a historic city in Cochise County, Arizona, United States. It was founded in 1877.
In 2010, 1,380 people lived here.
World Juniors Inline Speed Skating Championships
The World Inline Speed Skating Championships is the main inline speed skating championships in World for Juniors, organized by International Roller Sports Federation.
Third baseman
A third baseman is a person in baseball who covers third base.
Max Morath
Max Edward Morath (October 1, 1926 – June 19, 2023) was an American ragtime pianist, composer, actor, and author. He was best known for his piano playing and is known as "Mr. Ragtime".
Morath died in Duluth, Minnesota, on June 19, 2023, at the age of 96.
Saint-Paul-en-Forêt
Saint-Paul-en-Forêt is a commune of 1,757 people (2019). It is in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Var department in southeast France.
List of kings of Sparta
Sparta was an important Greek city-state in the Peloponnesus. It was unusual in that it had a diarchial system, with two kings ruling at the same time. The kings were called Arkhagêtai. They were hereditary rulers, and came from two separate dynasties. According to tradition, the two lines, the Agiads and Eurypontids, were descended from the twins Eurysthenes and Procles. These twins were said to be the descendants of Heracles, who conquered Sparta two generations after the Trojan War. The dynasties were named after the twins' grandsons, the kings Agis I and Eurypon. The Agiad line was regarded as being senior to the Eurypontid line.
Although there are lists of earlier Kings of Sparta, there is little evidence to show that any kings existed before the middle of the 6th century BC.
Legendary kings
Many kings of Sparta are described in Greek mythology.
Agiad dynasty
The dynasty was named after its second king, Agis.
Eurypontid dynasty
The dynasty is named after its third king Eurypon. Not shown is Lycurgus, who served for a short time as regent either for the minor Charilaus (780–750 BC) or for Labotas (870–840 BC) the Agiad.
After Cleomenes III was defeated by Antigonus III Doson of Macedon and the Achaean League in the Battle of Sellasia, the Spartan kingship began to fail. Sparta was a republic from 221 to 219 BC. The dual monarchy was restored in 219 BC.
Nabis, who was regent for Pelops, deposed Pelops and took the throne for himself. He claimed to be descended from the Eurypontid king Demaratus. He ruled from 206–192 BC. Laconicus was the last known king of Sparta. He took the throne in 192 BC. The Achaean League took control of Sparta in 192 BC.
Conover, North Carolina
Conover is a city in Catawba County, North Carolina, United States. 8,165 people lived here at the 2010 census.
Nonkilling
Nonkilling is a worldview that affirms the possibility of a society where killing is absent. In such a society there would be no killings, threats to kill, weapons made to kill or reasons for people to kill each other.
Richard II (play)
Richard II is a play by William Shakespeare. It is a history play. Shakespeare's sources were probably Holinshed's Chronicles and The Civil Wars (1595) by Samuel Daniel. Richard II was probably first printed in 1597. It was first acted on 7 February 1601.
Templeux-le-Guérard
Templeux-le-Guérard is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
Saint-Martin-de-Pallières
Saint-Martin-de-Pallières is a commune of 247 people (2019). It is in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Var department in southeast France.
Rude Awakening
Rude Awakening is a comedy movie released in August 1989. It stars Cindy Williams as June and Andrea Martin as April. The movie is set in the late 1960s in New York City. The movie received negative reviews by critics while in theaters.
Midland, Kansas
Midland is an unincorporated community in Douglas County, Kansas, United States. It is two miles north of Lawrence.
Climate
Midland has hot, humid summers and cool winters. The Köppen Climate Classification system says that Midland has a humid subtropical climate.
Okinawa (city)
Okinawa (沖縄市) is a Japanese city in Okinawa Prefecture on the island of Okinawa.
History
In 1908, Okinawa Prefecture established the villages of Goeku and Misato. During the occupation of Japan, the U.S. military government established the city of Koza (コザ市) in Goeku.
In 1974, the city of Okinawa was created by the merger of Misato and Koza.
Geography
the city of Okinawa is located in the central part of the island of Okinawa. It is about 20 km north of Naha.
In the prefecture, it is the second-largest city after Naha.
Military
There is a United States military base which is partly in the city. It is Kadena Air Base.
Carl Erskine
Carl Daniel Erskine (born December 13, 1926) is a former right-handed starting pitcher in Major League Baseball. He played his entire career for the Brooklyn and Los Angeles Dodgers from 1948 through 1959.
NGC 738
NGC 738 is a lenticular galaxy in the Triangulum constellation. It is about 201 million light-years away from the Milky Way.
Jo Stevens
Joanna Meriel "Jo" Stevens (born 6 September 1966) is a Welsh Labour Party politician in the UK House of Commons. She was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Cardiff Central in the May 2015 general election. She was born in Swansea, Wales.
In Jeremy Corbyn's January 2016 reshuffle, she was appointed shadow solicitor general and shadow justice minister. In October 2016 reshuffle, after Corbyn's re-election as party leader, Stevens became Shadow Secretary of State for Wales. She resigned from the shadow cabinet on 27 January 2017, due to a disagreement over triggering article 50.
Doc Holliday
John Henry "Doc" Holliday (August 14, 1851 – November 8, 1887) was an American gambler, gunfighter, and dentist. He was a close friend and associate of lawman Wyatt Earp.
Holliday is best known for his role in the events leading up to and following the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral. He killed more than a dozen men, but modern researchers have said that Holliday killed only one to three men. He was born in Griffin, Georgia.
Holliday died of tuberculosis at a hotel room in Glenwood Springs, Colorado on November 8, 1887 at the age of 36.
Pawnee County, Oklahoma
Pawnee County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of 2000, 16,612 people lived there. Its county seat is Pawnee.
Geography
The county has a total area of 595 square miles.
NGC 739
NGC 739 is a lenticular galaxy in the Triangulum constellation. It is about 208 million light-years away from the Milky Way.
Salernes
Salernes is a commune of 3,761 people (2019). It is in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Var department in southeast France.
Bertie Ahern
Patrick Bartholomew "Bertie" Ahern (Pádraig Parthalán Ó hEachthairn; born 12 September 1951, Dublin ) is a former Taoiseach of Ireland leader of Fianna Fáil, the Irish Republic's largest political party. He oversaw the largest economic expansion in Irish history and was important in making the Good Friday Agreement.
Visvaldis Graumanis
Visvaldis Graumanis (October 10, 1913 in Liepāja - December 4, 1944 in Liberec) was a Latvian soldier in the Waffen SS during World War II. During his career, he was awarded the German Cross in gold. He got the rank of SS-Obersturmführer.
St. Louis County, Missouri
St. Louis County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Clayton. In 2020, 1,004,125 people lived there.