cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Respect (song)
"Respect" is a song written and originally released by American recording artist Otis Redding in 1965. The song became a 1967 hit and signature song for soul singer Aretha Franklin. In Franklin's version, the song is about a woman who wants her husband's respect.
Gary Peters
Gary Charles Peters (born December 1, 1958) is an American politician who is the junior United States Senator from Michigan. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the U.S. Representative for MI's 14th congressional district from 2013 until his election to the Senate.
He previously represented MI's 9th congressional district from 2009 to 2013. Following the redrawing of congressional district boundaries after the 2010 United States Census, Peters defeated fellow Congressman Hansen Clarke in the Democratic primary and won re-election in the newly redrawn 14th District.
Francisco Javier Perez Canduelas
Francisco Javier Perez Canduelas (born March 17, 1969 in Valencia) is a track and field athlete from Spain. He has a disability: He is blind and a T12/B2 type athlete. He raced at the 1996 Summer Paralympics in the T12 marathon and he finished third.
W. Brantley Harvey Jr.
William Brantley Harvey Jr. (August 14, 1930 – December 12, 2018) was an American lawyer and politician. He was elected to the South Carolina House of Representatives as a Democrat in 1958, and served until 1975, when he was installed as Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina. He served in that position until 1983.
Harvey later served on the South Carolina Commission of Parks, Recreation and Tourism, as well as the South Carolina Department of Transportation.
Harvey died on December 12, 2018 in Beaufort, South Carolina at the age of 88.
Gigi Proietti
Luigi "Gigi" Proietti (2 November 1940 – 2 November 2020) was an Italian actor, comedian, director, musician, singer, and television presenter. He was born in Rome. His career began in 1955. He was best known for his roles in Febbre da cavallo, Lady Liberty and in Brancaleone at the Crusades.
Proietti died in Rome on 2 November 2020 from a heart attack, aged 80.
Fiat Fiorino
The Fiat Fiorino is a car produced by Fiat in three generations since 1977.
Álvaro Saborío
Álvaro Saborío (born 25 March 1982) is a Costa Rican football player. He plays for Real Salt Lake and Costa Rica national team.
Ski bindings
Ski bindings keep ski boots connected to skis. The first ski bindings were ropes connect to the ski. People put their boot under the rope.
There are different ski bindings for alpine skiing and Nordic skiing. Alpine ski bindings connect the bottom of the ski boot to the ski. Nordic ski bindings connect the toe of the ski boot to the ski.
Annoying Orange
Annoying Orange is a live action/animated comedy web series created by Dane Boedigheimer. The main character is an orange who annoys other fruits. The episodes are uploaded to the YouTube channel realannoyingorange weekly. As of 2022 there were over 700 videos. The channel had over 11 million subscribers.
Television series
In 2012, Cartoon Network made a 2012-2014 television series, The High Fructose Adventures of Annoying Orange, based on the YouTube series.
Tom Brosseau
Thomas Anderson "Tom" Brosseau (born November 3, 1976) is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist.
Life
He was born and grew up in Grand Forks, North Dakota. His song "How to Grow a Woman from the Ground" was covered by Chris Thile, who released a 2006 album of the same name.
Right now, Brosseau is touring the United States playing his new album, Cavalier.
Faumont
Faumont is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 2,213 people lived there.
Twin Towers (movie)
Twin Tower is a 2002 short documentary movie directed by Bill Guttentag and Robert David Port. It depicts the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center. It is about two brothers, policeman Joseph Vigiano and fireman John Vigiano Jr., and their actions during the attacks. The movie was awarded an Oscar for Best Documentary Short at the 2003 Academy Awards honoring movies released in the year 2002.
Caneyville, Kentucky
Caneyville is a city of Grayson County in the state of Kentucky, United States.
Yoshiyuki Morisaki
Yoshiyuki Morisaki (born 20 April 1976) is a former Japanese football player.
Freedom of Information Act (United States)
The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA),, is a federal law. It allows for the full or partial disclosure of previously unreleased information and documents controlled by the United States government. The law defines agency records subject to disclosure. It outlines mandatory disclosure procedures and grants nine exemptions to the law. It was originally signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, despite his doubts, on July 4, 1966 and went into effect the following year.
SK Jugoslavija
S.K. Jugoslavija is a former football club which has played in Yugoslavia.
Jangal Santhal
Jangal Santhal was a man from India who was one of the leaders of the Naxalbari Uprising.
Ski boots
Ski boots are boots people wear when skiing. They cover the ankle and are rigid. Ski boots are connected to skis by ski bindings. They are made from synthetic materials. Ski boots keep the feet of skiers warm.
Nityanand Rai
Nityanand Rai (born 1 January 1966) is an Indian politician. He is current Minister of State for Home Affairs in the Government of India. He was elected in the 2014 and 2019 General Election from Ujiarpur. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He had continuously represented Hajipur constituency in Bihar legislative assembly winning elections since 2000 (2000, Feb-2005, October- 2005 and 2010).
Mettmann
Mettmann is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is the capital of the district of the same name. Mettmann is known for the Neanderthal.
Ski boots
Before the 1900s, people used normal boots for skiing. The first boots for skiing were made by military people fighting in the Russo-Finnish War.
Mettmann
Twin towns
Mettmann is twinned with:
Ski boots
The front of Nordic ski boots connect to the ski at the toes.
Mettmann
Friendly cities
Mettmann also has friendly relations with:
Scotch Plains, New Jersey
Scotch Plains is a township in Union County, New Jersey, United States. In the 2010 Census, 23,510 people lived here.
Feignies
Feignies is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 6,809 people lived there.
President of Palau
The President of the Republic of Palau is the head of government and head of state of Palau. The president is directly elected to a four-year term, and can be reelected once.
List
All officeholders are political independents.
Egoz (ship)
The Egoz (אגוז, literally: "walnut", originally: Pisces) was a ship that sank in the Mediterranean Sea on 10 January 1961. It was carrying 44 Jewish emigrants sailing from Morocco. It also carried one Israeli that was deputy of the Israeli government, and two Spanish crew members. Only 22 bodies were found. They were buried at a Jewish cemetery in Morocco. In 1992, the 22 bodies were buried in the National Civil Cemetery of the State of Israel at Mount Herzl in Jerusalem. An empty grave was built to honor the people who were never found. A memorial for all of the victims was built beside the graves.
Police car
A police car is a motor vehicle used by police. It is used to assist with their duties in patrolling and responding to incidents. Typical uses of a police car include transportation for officers to reach the scene of an incident quickly. Police cars are also used to transport suspects, or to patrol an area. Some police cars are adapted for certain functions such as traffic control, to transport police dogs or bomb disposal.
Police cars usually marked to identify them. There are two reasons for this: firstly, so that other drivers know to get out of the way of a police car that is rushing to a crime scene, and secondly so that the car can be a deterrent to crime. Police cars also have sirens and flashing lights which are also used when they rush to a crime scene. However, some police cars are unmarked, so that police can carry out work without being noticed.
HIV Drug Resistance Database
HIV Drug Resistance Database, also named Stanford HIV RT and Protease Sequence Database is a database at Stanford University that shows 93 versions of HIV. The latest list uses data from other laboratories in Europe, Canada and the United States including more than 15,000 pieces of data.
Park Ji-sun
Park Ji-sun (박지선; November 3, 1984 – November 2, 2020) was a South Korean comedian and actress. She was born in Incheon, South Korea. She was best known for appearing on many South Korean late night shows and variety sketch shows. She appeared on Gag Concert, You Hee-yeol's Sketchbook, Star Golden Bell and Happy Together.
Police car
History
In the United Kingdom in the early 1900s, police vehicles were first used to chase speeding motorists. This had very poor results until police schools were opened to teach officers how to use their vehicles properly. In 1910 the first police car in the US was used in Akron, Ohio. By 1920 police cars were in wide use in the US. It was noticed that patrol cars allowed police to respond faster. It also allowed an officer to cover a wider area. By the 1960s most major cities had shifted away from foot patrols altogether in favor of police cars. But studies proved a mix of foot officers and police vehicles worked best.
Chases
Police cars are used for chases ("pursuits") against suspects. The crime the suspect is believed to have committed may have been anything from a traffic violation to a major felony. Suspects often attempt to lose law enforcement by driving away, sometimes at high speed. From 1990 to 2005, 136 people were killed in the US in high speed pursuits by police. Despite controversy as to whether high speed chases are necessary police continue to work on the problem using technology and new techniques. One technique is the 'take out'. A take out is a technique used to cause the fleeing vehicle to lose control and be turned sideways by the police vehicle.
When rushing to a crime scene, police officers can drive their cars through red lights and break the speed limit and other traffic laws. They must still be careful when doing this, however.
Other names
Terms for police cars include (police) cruiser, squad car, area car and patrol car. They may also be informally known as a cop car, a 'Black and white', a 'Cherry top', a 'gumball machine', a 'jam sandwich' or 'panda car'. Depending on the configuration of the emergency lights and livery, a police car may be considered a marked or unmarked unit.
Park Ji-sun
Park was found dead on November 2, 2020 at her apartment in Seoul, aged 35.
B.o.B Presents: The Adventures of Bobby Ray
B.o.B Presents: The Adventures of Bobby Ray (also known simply as The Adventures of Bobby Ray) is the first studio album by American rapper and producer B.o.B. It was released on April 27, 2010, by Grand Hustle Records, Rebel Rock Entertainment and Atlantic Records. Production for the album took place from 2008 to 2010.
Frank Thorne
Thorne died on March 7, 2021 in Scotch Plains, New Jersey at the age of 90.
B.o.B Presents: The Adventures of Bobby Ray
Singles
The album includes the Billboard hits "Nothin' on You", "Airplanes" and "Magic".
Critical reception
When it came out, B.o.B Presents: The Adventures of Bobby Ray received positive reviews from most music critics.
Track listing
The album's track listing was revealed on April 3, 2010.
Personnel
Credits for B.o.B Presents: The Adventures of Bobby Ray adapted from Allmusic.
Gearbox Software
Gearbox Software is an American video game development company based in Frisco, Texas. It was established in February 1999 by 5 developers. Randy Pitchford, one of the founders, serves as the president and CEO of Gearbox.
Games
Gearbox originally created expansions for the Valve game Half-Life, then ported that game and others to console platforms. In 2005, Gearbox made its own games, Brothers in Arms as an example, for consoles. It became their main franchise and spun off a comic book series, television documentary, books, and action figures. Their second original game series, Borderlands, was made in 2009, and by 2015 had sold over 26 million copies. The company also owns the property of Duke Nukem and Homeworld.
Expansion
Gearbox expanded into publishing with the start of Gearbox Publishing in 2015. A parent company, The Gearbox Entertainment Company, was made for Gearbox Software and Gearbox Publishing in 2019. Gearbox Entertainment was bought by the Embracer Group in April 2021, becoming its seventh major label. A third division, Gearbox Studios, to focus on TV and film productions, was established in October 2021.
Winnsboro, South Carolina
Winnsboro is a city in Fairfield County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 8,255 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Fairfield County. Winnsboro is a suburb of Columbia, South Carolina.
Martigues
Martigues is a commune of 46,200 people (2005). It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Bouches-du-Rhône department in the south of France.
San Jose State Spartans
San Jose State Spartans is the name of the different sport teams at San Jose State University. The teams compete in the Mountain West Conference (MW) at the NCAA Division I level. (Football Bowl Subdivision which used to be known as Division 1-A for football.) The university has taken part in athletics since its baseball team began in 1890.
San Jose State University sports teams have won in the NCAA in track and field, cross country running, golf, and boxing. By 2008, SJSU had won 10 NCAA team championships and 50 NCAA Division 1 champions. SJSU also has an international reputation for judo, winning 43 out of 46 collegiate national championships in the sport (by 2008).
People who once went to SJSU have won 18 Olympic medals (including seven gold medals) since the gold medal won by Willie Steel in track and field in the 1948 Olympics. These people have won medals in swimming, judo and boxing.
The track team coached by "Bud" Winter earned San Jose the nickname "Speed City," and has included Olympic medalists and social activists Lee Evans, John Carlos and Tommie Smith. Smith and Carlos are remembered for giving the raised fist salute from the medalist's podium during the 1968 Summer Olympic Games in Mexico City.
In 2008 head coaches from the men’s soccer, baseball, women’s gymnastics, and women’s golf programs had all been named the conference “Coach of the Year.”
Rotting Christ
Rotting Christ is a Greek black metal band. It was formed in 1987. They are known for being one of the first black metal bands from Greece. They are popular in the European underground metal community. Rotting Christ is also known for making black metal sound different in the early 1990s.
Name problems
Rotting Christ has had many problems because of the name of their band. In 1999, Gary Bauer (a candidate to run for president in the United States) said the band was "anti-Catholic" because of their name. Sakis Tolis, the singer for the band, said that "everyone should have the right to call religions as he/she wants", and Rotting Christ is just "one of the many bands that represent the dark side in metal music".
In April 2018, Rotting Christ was arrested in Georgia. This was because the government thought they were terrorists because of the band's name. They were let go later, and were able to play at the concert they had in Georgia.
Battle of Alesia
The Battle of Alesia (September 52 BC) was a battle between the Guals and the Romans, lead by Julius Caesar. It was the last major battle between the Guals and the Romans.
The Romans surrounded the Guals, and built another fortification around the Guals fortification, trapping them in. The Guals tried to attack from the inside and outside, but the Romans cavalry helped sustain the fort. In one night, the Guals tried a suprise attack, but Caesar eventually won.
Ron Killings
Ron Killings (born January 19, 1972 in Atlanta, Georgia) is an American professional wrestler and rapper.
El Nueve
Channel 9, known by its brand name El Nueve (stylized as elnueve) is an Argentine television station that broadcasts from the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. The station was inaugurated on June 9, 1960.
Ron Killings
He has also worked for TNA wrestling from 2002-2007.
Christina Schollin
Christina Schollin (born Christina Alma Elisabet Schollin; 26 December 1937) is a Swedish actress. She is best known for her roles in Dear John, Song of Norway and Ingmar Bergman's Fanny and Alexander.
Carlisle, Kentucky
Carlisle is a city of Kentucky in the United States. Carlisle is the county seat, of Nicholas County. Carlisle has a population of around 2,000 people, and is located around the middle of Kentucky. It is also along Kentucky Route 36 and Kentucky Route 32, both which are large roads.
Ron Killings
He is a former WWE United States champion and former two time WWF Hardcore Champion.
Carrollton, Kentucky
Carrollton is a city of Kentucky in the United States.
Celtic Reconstructionist Paganism
Celtic Reconstructionist Paganism, which is sometimes just called by its initials, "CR", is a religion. People who belong to the religion call themselves "Celtic Reconstructionists" or "Celtic Reconstructionist Pagans". Sometimes they just call themseleves "CRs".
Influenza
Influenza, better known as the flu and sometimes called the grippe, is a common childhood illness, but is not as common among adults. It is not limited to humans, most mammals and many birds can also catch influenza. It is caused by several different viruses, termed influenza viruses A, B, C, and D.
Celtic Reconstructionist Paganism
The Celts were the people who lived long ago in many parts of Europe, but mainly in the countries of Ireland, Scotland, Wales, and Gaul (modern-day France). The Modern Celts are the people who live in those countries now, or whose ancestors lived there.
Influenza
Flu transmission and symptoms
Human influenza can pass from one person to another very easily. It is most commonly spread by the microscopic droplets of mucus and fluid that are sent into the air when the sick person coughs or sneezes. Symptoms include cough, sore throat, muscle aches and pains, fever, headache, and rarely vomiting and diarrhea. Influenza can also lead to other diseases, such as pneumonia. This makes it especially dangerous to young children and elderly people.
Celtic Reconstructionist Paganism
Like the ancient Celts did before them, CRs are polytheistic and have many gods and goddesses. They believe in spirits and ancestors, too, and they often honour them with rituals and offerings. Offerings to the spirits might be food, or songs, or poetry. CRs often learn the languages spoken by the Celts, if they do not speak them already. These languages include the Irish language, Scottish Gaelic, the Welsh language and others.
Celtic Reconstructionists are a type of Pagan Reconstructionist. Reconstructionists believe in practicing a religion that is from one culture. They are different from eclectic Pagans, who mix parts of different cultures together.
Tamil people
The Tamil people are an ethnic group from South Asia. Traditionally, they have been living in the southern parts of India, and the northeastern parts of Sri Lanka.
Celtic Reconstructionist Paganism
How it started
Celtic Reconstructionist Paganism (CR) started in the 1980s, when people interested in the Celts and in Paganism were looking for an authentic religion. By the 1990s there were lots of CRs. Some of them met each other at Pagan gatherings, and later more people met each other on the Internet.
The first person to write about being a "Celtic Reconstructionist Pagan" was Kym Lambert ní Dhoireann. She wrote this in the Spring, 1992 issue of Harvest Magazine. She says she got the idea for the name from Kathryn Price NicDhàna, who had also written about it. Margot Adler's 1979 book, Drawing Down the Moon has a chapter on "Pagan Reconstructionists", and Kathryn NicDhàna says this is probably where she got the idea, even though the book does not mention Celtic Reconstructionists, just other kinds.
Influenza
Flu transmission and symptoms
The influenza  season runs from late fall to spring because most people catch it in the winter months. When there are more cases of influenza than expected, it will sometimes be called an epidemic. When there are a large number of cases of the same type of influenza all over the world, it is often called a pandemic.
Fenain
Fenain is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 5,510 people lived there.
Influenza
History
The virus is ancient. It has infected humans for centuries.
Palestinian people
The Palestinian people or just Palestinians are the Arab people from Palestine.
Tamil people
The Tamil people number around 74 million in the world. Of that, there are about 63,000,000 in India; about 3,600,000 live in Sri Lanka; about 2,900,000 live in Malaysia; and about 430,000 live in Singapore. The remaining Tamil people live in many other places. Other peoples are related to the Tamil people by language, culture, and ancestry. Some of them are Brahui people, Kannadigas, Malayalis, Telugu people and Tuluvas. Tamil people, are not closely related to people in the Middle East and Europe, except the Romani people.
Influenza
Changes in the influenza virus
Small changes that happen as flu is passed from one person to another is the most common way flu viruses change. This is the main reason that people can catch the flu every year.
Palestinian people
The people called "Palestinians" today are Arabs, but in the past, "Palestinians" could also be used as a name for Jewish people who lived in Palestine.
Celtic Reconstructionist Paganism
What Celtic Reconstructionists believe, and what they do
Celtic Reconstructionists base their religion on what we know of the Ancient Celtic people's religion, and also on Celtic folklore. They focus on a particular Celtic culture, such as the Gaelic Welsh or Gaulish. Many CRs are scholars, or mystics, though many believe it's important to be both. CRs read lots of books and do things like meditation, prayer, and rituals. CRs believe that honesty and honorable behaviour is important.
Influenza
Changes in the influenza virus
The CDC keeps track of the different flu viruses that are circulating, and gives this information to the companies that make flu "shots". Since the flu changes so much from year to year, flu shots have to be given each new flu season.
Tamil people
Tamil people identify themselves with their language, Tamil and their rich culture and literature. In recent times, they have broadened the definition of Tamil people. They now also include descendants of Tamil speaking people even when they no longer speak Tamil language.
Palestinian people
By religious affiliation, most Palestinians are Muslim, particularly of the Sunni branch of Islam, and there is a significant minority of various Christian denominations, as well as smaller religious communities. As the commonly applied term "Palestinian Arab" implies, the current language of Palestinians, irrespective of religion, is the Palestinian dialect of Arabic. For those who are citizens of Israel, known also as Arab Israelis, many are now also bilingual in Modern Hebrew. Recent genetic research has demonstrated that ancient Levantines live mostly with modern-day Palestinians and the Bedouins who live in the same region. Similarly, it shows that Palestinians as an ethnic group represent modern "descendants of a core population that lived in the area since prehistoric times," since before the Arabian Muslim conquest that resulted in their acculturation and established Arabic as the language, which eventually became the primary language of the locals, most of whom would over time also convert to Islam from various prior faiths.
Influenza
Changes in the influenza virus
Flu shots only protect against the most common flu viruses, and every now and then a slightly different type spreads more than expected. Usually when this happens, the existing flu shot gives some protection so that even if a person who had a flu shot catches it, they do not get as sick.
Tamil people
History
The history of Tamil people has three broad time periods as described below.
Palestinian people
The first widespread use of "Palestinian" to refer to the nationalist concept of a Palestinian people by the local Arabic-speaking population of Palestine began before World War I, and the first demand for national independence was issued by the Syrian-Palestinian Congress on 21 September 1921. After the creation of Israel, the exodus of 1948, and more so after the exodus of 1967, the term came to signify not only a place of origin, but the sense of a shared past and future in the form of a Palestinian nation-state. The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) represents the Palestinian people before the international community. The Palestinian National Authority, officially established as a result of the Oslo Accords, is an interim administrative body responsible for governance in Palestinian population centres in the West Bank and Gaza Strip.
Influenza
Changes in the influenza virus
Some flu viruses are caught from animals. Bird flu, for example, is usually only caught by people in contact with sick birds (usually chickens). These types of flu virus are usually very limited, and while they can make a person very ill, usually other people do not catch the virus from the sick person.
Tamil people
The pre-classical period
In Tamil Nadu, the earliest presence of Tamil people dates back to around 10000 BC on wards. Archaeologists have found many burial places of megalithic era. The style of burials is same as described in classical Tamil literature. Recent excavations at these sites have also provided samples of early Tamil writing, dating back to at least 5000 BC (The Hindu, 2005).
Carrsville, Kentucky
Carrsville is a city of Kentucky in the United States.
Tamil people
The classical period
Three royal families emerged in the lands of the Tamil people: the dynasties of the Cholas, Cheras, and the Pandyas.
At that time, agriculture and trading were two main economic activities of Tamil people. They even traded with many other countries, including places in Europe. In Karur (Tamil Nadu), archaeologists found a large number of coins of Ancient Rome and Egypt. The Pandyas sent at least two ambassadors to the Roman Emperor Augustus. Archaeologists have also found Tamil writings in broken pieces of pottery in the Red Sea, where Tamil Merchants settled there and became one of the Acestor the Romani people, as DNA studys shows.
An unnamed traveler from ancient Greece had described in Greek language ports of the Pandya as "The land of Punt" and Chera kings. He had detailed the items exported by the Tamil people. These items included black pepper, pearls, ivory, silk, diamonds, sapphires, and tortoiseshell.
Hugh Leatherman
Hugh K. Leatherman Sr. (April 14, 1931 – November 12, 2021) was an American Republican politician. He was a member of the South Carolina Senate, from 1981 until his death. He was the Chairman of the Senate Finance Committee, Leatherman and sat on the state's Budget and Control Board.
Tamil people
The classical period
The classical period ended at around 2nd century. People from northern parts of India invaded the lands of the Tamil people. For Tamil people, this was a dark period of their history called kalapiraras. They are the Jewish Invaders from Western coast of Karnataka and Kerala with help of the local Telugu tribal's who lived in the jungles of Western ghats and chambal. This dark phase ended with the rise of the Pandyas and Pallava dynasty again.
Hugh Leatherman
He was President Pro Tempore of the South Carolina Senate for all but one day from 2014 through 2019.
On October 22, 2021, it was announced that Leatherman was in hospice care in Florence, South Carolina for colorectal cancer. He died from the disease on November 12, 2021 at the age of 90.
Tamil people
The imperial and post-imperial periods
Historical records of ancient Tamil rulers have been destroyed on purpose. Only later pallava period is mentioned during the 6th century, they became powerful after they drove the kalapirars. Later The Pallavas also encouraged the worship of Shiva and Vishnu; and built large temples.
In the 9th century, the Cholas and the Pandyas defeated Pallavas. By the 10th century, the Cholas had established a big empire, covering most of south India and Sri Lanka. They had a strong navy, That reached Thailand, Burma and Sumatra. They also had a strong trading links with China. By the 12th – 13th centuries, the power of the Cholas had declined. For some time, Pandyas became powerful. However, by that time Muslim rulers invaded Tamil lands. The Pandya dynasty came to an end by the 16th century.
Over a period of time, western parts of Tamil lands were developing in a separate manner. By the 13th century, the Cholas and the Pandyas had lost control over these areas. The people living there developed their own language and culture. By the 15th century they had a separate language, Malayalam language, now the language of the Indian state of Kerala.
After 16th century no major rulers emerged to rule Tamil lands. But, there were many smaller local rulers. For some time, rulers from the present day Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh also ruled over the Tamil lands. By the 17th century, Europeans from the United Kingdom, France and Denmark started to establish their settlements in Tamil lands. They fought many battles. Finally, the British won, and by the end of the 18th century, most of the Tamil lands came under the British rule.
Tamils in Sri Lanka
Before the deluge at about 11600 yrs, Sri Lanka was a part of Tamil Nadu and Tamil rulers of the ancient pandyas ruled this place.After deluge Sri Lanka separated from Tamil Nadu. One north Indian king of Tamil origin exiled his son Vijayan out of country for his wrongdoing Vijayan with a small troop reached Sri Lanka. The Tamil Nagas, Yakkars and vedars were the original inhabitants of Sri Lanka before Vijanyan's arrival and the land was under Pandiyan control. Pandiyan of Madurai welcomed Vijayan with good heart and facilitated his troops.He sent Tamil girls from Pandiyan kingdom to marry Vijayan and for his troops.The Tamil people ruled parts of Sri Lanka from time to time, and played important role in the ruling of Sri Lanka. In the 10th century, the Chola kings made Sri Lanka a part of their kingdom. This continued until late 11th century.
After decline of the Chola power in Sri Lanka, different rulers ruled Sri Lanka, the Arya Chakaravarthi dynasty from 1215.Thou the name says Arya chakravarthi it is a debate that their surnames says SANGILI which is a pure Tamil origin name of Tamil root. The Arya Chakaravarthi dynasty ruled over large parts of northeast Sri Lanka until 1619. By this time the Portuguese and the Dutch won many areas of Sri Lanka. However, in 1796, the British won entire Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka became part of the British Empire..
Galapagos shark
The Galapagos shark (Carcharhinus galapagensis) is a species of Requiem shark, in the order of Carcharhiniformes. The Galapagos shark is a large species, reaching a maximum length of up to 12.1 feet (3.8 metres), and weighing up to 86 kg. This species is found in tropical waters surrounding oceanic islands, and is found in the Pacific, Atlantic, and western Indian Ocean.
Celtic Reconstructionist Paganism
What Celtic Reconstructionists believe, and what they do
Many CRs view each act of daily life as a form of ritual, and they accompany daily activities with traditional prayers, chants and songs from sources such as the Scottish Gaelic Carmina Gadelica or manuscript collections of ancient Irish or Welsh poetry.
Influenza
Changes in the influenza virus
Another way that the flu can change is when a person or animal catches two different flu viruses. The two viruses can exchange some of their genetic information, which can create a brand new flu that nobody has ever caught before.
Garbiñe Muguruza
Garbiñe Muguruza (born 8 October 1993 in Caracas, Venezuela) is a Venezuelan-born professional tennis player from Spain. She is two times Grand Slam winner, having won French Open in 2016 and Wimbledon in 2017. Muguruza is a former world no.1 tennis player, she is currently ranked no.7.
Celtic Reconstructionist Paganism
What Celtic Reconstructionists believe, and what they do
Community rituals are usually based on traditional community celebrations found in folkloric collections by authors such as Marian McNeill, Kevin Danaher or John Gregorson Campbell. These celebrations often involve bonfires, dances, songs, divination and children's games. More formal or mystical CR rituals are often based on traditional techniques of interacting with the Otherworld, such as the act of making offerings of food, drink and art to the spirits of the land, ancestral spirits, and the Celtic deities. CR ritual structures are based on the ancient Celtic idea of the "Three Realms" - Land, Sea and Sky - with the fire of inspiration seen as a central, uniting force. Many CRs have altars and shrines to the spirits and deities they believe in. They may place these altars at outdoor, natural locations such as wells, streams, and special trees. Some CRs practice divination, such as the taking of omens from the shapes of clouds or the behaviour of birds and animals.
Other names for Celtic Reconstructionists
While Celtic Reconstructionism was the earliest name in use, and is still used the most often, other names for a Celtic Reconstructionist approach have also come into use, with varying degrees of success.
Pàganachd / Págánacht
Some CR groups have looked to Celtic languages for a more culturally specific name for the tradition, or for their branch of the tradition. There are groups who now described their traditions as Pàganachd ("Paganism, Heathenism" in Scottish Gaelic) or the Irish version, Págánacht. Some Gaelic-oriented groups use the two terms somewhat interchangeably, or further modify these terms to describe the CR sub-tradition practiced by their particular group, such as Pàganachd Allaidh (“Wild Paganism”)  or Pàganachd Bhandia (“Paganism of Goddesses”), both used by Gaelic Reconstructionist groups on the East Coast of the US.
Senistrognata
In the late 1990s, members of Imbas, a Celtic Reconstructionist group in Seattle, began promoting the name Senistrognata, which they say means "the ancestral customs of the Celtic peoples" in reconstructed Old Celtic.
Celtic polytheism and folklore
Celtic Reconstructionists rely on primary mythological texts, as well as surviving folklore, for the basis of their religious practices. No list can completely cover all the recommended works, but this is a small sample of sources used.
Occitan language
Occitan is known as lenga d'òc by its native speakers.
Influenza
Changes in the influenza virus
New types of flu virus are usually what causes pandemics, and that is the reason many scientists have been following bird flu so closely—it kills six people out of every ten who catch it. This would be a very serious problem if it changes enough to spread easily between people.
Swine flu (March/April 2009)
This new flu virus got its name because it contains genetic parts that are commonly found in flu viruses that infect pigs. It is not spread by pigs or by eating pork—this is a new human virus being spread by humans. The name was the 2009 flu pandemic.
Occitan language
It is a Romance language spoken in the south of France, the Occitan Valleys of Italy, the Val d'Aran of Catalonia and Monaco. The regions together called Occitania. Of course, this is an unofficial name for a region in three countries! Its justification is that it is united by a culture.
Occitan took a different path from Latin to the main official languages. It is sometimes called lenga d'òc ("language of oc", French: langue d'oc) because its word for yes is òc, as opposed to oil (oui) or sì in other languages. That is one way to classify Romance languages.
Tamil people
The modern period
After India’s independence in 1947, Madras Presidency became Madras State. It covered the areas of present-day Tamil Nadu, coastal parts of Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, northern Kerala, and the southwest of Karnataka. The Government of India rearranged (1956) the boundaries of many states of India based on language. Thus, the present day state of Tamil Nadu came into existence.
Galapagos shark
Taxonomy
The Galapagos shark was originally described as Carcharias galapagensis by Robert Evans Snodgrass and Edmund Heller in 1905, and was later moved to the genus Carcharhinus. The holotype was a 64 cm (2.13 feet) long fetus from the Galapagos Islands, giving it the specific name galapagensis.
Occitan language
Occitan is an official language of Catalonia. Since September 2010, the Parliament of Catalonia has considered Aranese Occitan to be the officially preferred language for use in the Val d'Aran.
Dialects
Some of those names (Provençal, Limousin, Gascon) were once used for the whole language.
Galapagos shark
Taxonomy
Garrick (1982) placed the Galapagos shark and the Dusky shark at the center of the "obscurus group", one of two major groupings within Carcharhinus. The group consisted of the Bignose shark, the Caribbean reef shark, the Sandbar shark, the Dusky shark, and the Oceanic whitetip shark; all large, triangular-toothed sharks. Based on allozyme data, Naylor (1992) changed this group, with the additions of the Silky shark, and the Blue shark. The closest relatives of the Galapagos shark were found to be the Dusky shark, the Oceanic whitetip shark, and the Blue shark.
Description
The Galapagos shark reaches a maximum length of 12.1 feet (3.8 metres). Male individuals mature at lengths of 6.9-7.5 feet (2.1-2.3 metres), while females mature at 7.2-8.2 feet (2.2-2.5 metres) in length. The maximum weight for this species is 86 kg.
DC Shoes
DC Shoes is an American shoe company that was formed in 1993 by Ken Block and Damon Way, the company also manufactures shirts, hats, snowboards, jeans, and jackets.
Galapagos shark
Description
The Galapagos shark is a large shark with a slim, fusiform body, and a low inter-dorsal ridge between the first and second dorsal fin. The first dorsal fin is tall and nearly straight. The long pelvic fins are straight, each with a pointed tip. The snout of the Galapagos shark is widely rounded. The Galapagos shark resembles the Grey reef shark, but can be distinguished by its more slender body, and by the slightly rounded tip on the first dorsal fin. The Galapagos shark also strongly resembles the Dusky shark, but has a much more straighter first dorsal fin, and it has larger teeth than the Dusky shark. However, this can be difficult to distinguish without direct comparison of the two species. The Galapagos shark has a brownish-grey upper body, and a white belly. A white stripe can sometimes be seen on the sides of the shark. Their pectoral fins are solid grey with slightly dusky tips.
Habitat
The Galapagos shark is circumtropical in distribution with a preference for waters surrounding oceanic islands. In the Atlantic Ocean, this shark is found at St. Paul's Rocks, Ascension Island, Cape Verde, Saint Helena, São Tomé, Bermuda, and the Virgin Islands. In the western Indian Ocean it is found off Walter's Shoal, south of Madagascar. In the Pacific Ocean, the Galapagos shark is found off Lord Howe Island, Tuamoto Archipelago, Middleton and Elizabeth Reefs, Hawaii, Revillagigedo Islands, Clipperton Island, Cocos Island, and Galápagos Islands. Distribution limits are not well defined due to confusion with similar species of sharks.
DC Shoes
DC Shoes was bought by Quiksilver in 2004.
Galapagos shark
Habitat
The Galapagos shark is a common, but habitat-limited, tropical shark found inshore as well as offshore, near insular and continental shelves, between 39°N-33°S, at depths up to 180 metres. This species prefers clear water with coral and rocky bottoms. Although it is a coastal-pelagic species, it is capable of crossing considerable distances of open ocean between islands, and has been reported at least 50 km from land. Young Galapagos sharks are found in shallow waters of 25 metres or less.
Behaviour
The Galapagos shark is known to be a solitary species, but it is sometimes found in loose groups. It is a curious species, and is known to approach swimmers and investigate other disturbances in the water, such as boats and divers. The Galapagos shark can be an aggressive animal, and, like other species of sharks, it performs a display in order to attack its target. This display involves arching its back, raising its head, and lowering its pectoral fins as it swims with a noticeable twisting motion.
Feeding
The Galapagos shark usually hunts near the bottom, feeding on bottom-dwelling fish, but it is also been known to feed on prey from the surface. The fish it preys on include eels, flatheads, groupers, flatfish, and triggerfish. It also feeds on squid and octopuses. In the Galápagos Islands, off the coast of Ecuador, the Galapagos shark has been observed to feed on sea lions and marine iguanas. Occasionally, a large Galapagos shark may feed on other sharks.
Reproduction
Galapagos sharks are viviparous, or livebearing, with embryos nourished by a yolksac-placenta during gestation. Mating and birth occurs early in the year within Hawaiian waters. Female individuals often have mating scars from males biting the gills, fins, and body. Each litter contains 6 to 16 pups, each being 60-80 cm long. The pups stay in shallow waters to avoid predation and cannibalism from members of their own species, eventually moving out to deeper waters as they mature. Galapagos sharks do not reproduce until the age of 10 years, with the maximum known lifespan for a Galapagos shark being approximately 24 years.
Human interaction
According to the International Shark Attack File, the Galapagos shark has been responsible for one fatal attack on a swimmer in the Virgin Islands. In locations where this shark is common, they often are attracted to divers, sometimes even becoming an obstacle. When divers take aggressive actions, these sharks are not discouraged, but instead become more excited. The Galapagos shark has been reported to display threat behaviors including arching of the back, raising the head, and lowering the caudal and pectoral fins while swimming in a twisted, rolling motion.
Tamil people
The modern period
At the beginning, there was a demand for an independent country for the Tamil people. However, the constitution of India gave major rights to the states, and protected the speakers of regional languages from compulsory speaking and use of Hindi. This satisfied most of the Tamil people, and presently there is no demand for a separate country for Tamil people outside the federal system of India.
Bricquebec
Bricquebec is a former commune. It is in Normandy in the Manche department in northwest France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Bricquebec-en-Cotentin.
Twin towns
Bricquebec is twinned with:
Tamil people
The modern period
However, in Sri Lanka, the government did not give sufficient rights to people who spoke Tamil language. During 1970s, this led to a demand for independence of Tamil people and the Sri Lankan Civil War.
Geographic distribution
Tamil people live in many geographical regions. Sections below describe them.
In India
Most of the Tamil people of India live in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Most of the people living in Pondicherry of India are also Tamil people.
Tamil people have been traditionally living in some other parts of India - for examples, Hebbar and Mandyam Tamils of southern Karnataka, the Tamils of Palakkad in Kerala, and the Tamils of Pune, Maharashtra. For last one hundred years or so, Tamil people went to many other parts of India for jobs or business. Some of them settled in these places.
In Sri Lanka
Presently, there are two groups of Tamils in Sri Lanka. The first group is Sri Lankan Tamils. They are descendants of the Tamil people who lived in the old Jaffna kingdom or who migrated to the East coast. The second group is Hill Country Tamils. They descended from the Tamil people who went to Sri Lanka from India as laborers in the 19th century-early 20th century. The first group mostly lives in the northern and eastern parts of Sri Lanka. The second group mostly live in the central highlands.
In other places
Special mention may be made of Singapore. The government has made Tamil language as one of the national languages although only 4.2% of the people speak Tamil language in Singapore.
By 1980s many Tamil people of Sri Lanka were facing ethnic conflicts. Many of them fled to Australia, Europe, North America and Southeast Asia. Today, the largest concentration of Tamils outside southern Asia is in Toronto, Canada.
In recent years, many young Tamil professionals from India (particularly computer programmers) have gone to Europe and the United States.
Language and literature
Tamil people call their language as "the Tamil mother." They identify themselves based on their language.
Galapagos shark
Human interaction
This species is considered potentially dangerous and may attack if a food source is present, such as during spearfishing activities. If there are large numbers of Galapagos sharks present, it would be wise to limit one's activities in the water.
The Strokes
The Strokes are an American band formed in 1998. They became famous in the early 2000s as a leading group in the garage rock revival. The members of the band are Julian Casablancas, Nick Valensi, Albert Hammond Jr., Nikolai Fraiture and Fabrizio Moretti. The band has released six studio albums, but their first album, Is This It is their most famous.
Tamil people
Language and literature
Modern Tamil literature is also varied. It has many aspects: for example, Indian nationalism, historical romanticism, and social realism. In recent years, many works of Tamil language in Sri Lanka describe the tragedy of ethnic conflict and civil war. Tamil people living in many other places have also produced literary works.
Galapagos shark
Conservation
The Galapagos shark is currently listed as Near Threatened by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). However, the Galapagos shark might be listed as Vulnerable, Endangered, or Critically Endangered in the near future. In Australia and the western Pacific Ocean, the Galapagos shark is considered "Data Deficient" due to a lack of information on populations in this region. However, there is a marine reserve that surrounds this species' range off Lord Howe Island and the Kermadec Islands (New Zealand), where it is not considered to be under threat.
Mas-Blanc-des-Alpilles
Mas-Blanc-des-Alpilles is a commune of 373 people (1999). It is in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in the Bouches-du-Rhône department in south France.
Albert Vallvé
Albert Vallvé i Navarro (2 December 1945 – 7 March 2021) was a Spanish politician. He was a member of the Senate of Spain from 1993 until 1996. He was born in Tarragona, Spain. He was a member of the Democratic Union of Catalonia.
Vallvé died on 7 March 2021 in Tarragona, aged 75.
Tamil people
Language and literature
Some of the note-worthy poets are Bharathiyar, Barathidasen, etc... of end of 19th century who depicts the originality of Tamil culture and India, penned several notarary poems on Tamil and National interest.