cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Lenín Moreno
2017 Presidential campaign
In October 1st, 2016, he was nominated to the elections to the Ecuadorian presidency by his party, Alianza País. In February 2017, Moreno and Guillermo Lasso made it to the run-off election which was held on April 2, 2017. Moreno won the election with 51% of the vote to Lasso's 49%. Moreno was then sworn-in as President of Ecuador on 24 May 2017 in Quito.
Presidency
Though Moreno is a member of the PAIS Alliance, the same party as Rafael Correa, Moreno has taken Ecuador in a different direction than Correa did. Moreno is a more moderate, centrist figure and has restored presidential term limits, improved Ecuador's ties with the United States, and he has distanced himself from Nicolas Maduro's government in Venezuela.
He did not run for re-election in the 2021 election and was replaced by conservative banker Guillermo Lasso who won the election.
George North
George Philip North (born 13 April 1992) is a Welsh and British and Irish Lions international rugby union player. His usual position is winger! He has also played at outside centre. He currently plays club rugby for Northampton Saints in the Aviva Premiership.
1994 Nepalese general election
General elections were held in Nepal on 15 November 1994 to elect the Nepal House of Representatives (Pratinidhi Sabha).
Oklahoma! (musical)
Oklahoma! is a musical. The music was composed by Richard Rodgers. The lyrics were written by Oscar Hammerstein. It world-premiered on Broadway on 31 March 1943. The musical was based on Green Grow the Lilacs, a 1931 play by Lynn Riggs.
Story
The story is set in Oklahoma Territory outside the town of Claremore in 1906. The cowboy Curly McLain is in love with farm girl Laurey Williams. Jud Fry, a farm hand, is also in love with Laurey. The play also includes the story of another cowboy, Will, and his girlfriend, Ado Annie.
Adaptations
Oklahoma! was made into a movie in 1955.
Iqbal Theba
Iqbal Theba (pronounced ; born December 20, 1963) is a Pakistani-American actor. Theba is known for his role as Principal Figgins in the musical show Glee.
Montchamp, Calvados
Montchamp, Calvados is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Valdallière.
Piranha 3D
Piranha 3D is a 3-D movie directed by Alexandre Aja. It stars Elisabeth Shue, Steven R. McQueen, Jessica Szohr, Jerry O'Connell, Kelly Brook, Riley Steele, Gianna Michaels, Christopher Lloyd, Ving Rhames, Roberto Chavira, Dina Meyer, Sage Ryan, Brooklynn Proulx and special starring Richard Dreyfuss.
Plot
In Lake Victoria, an earthquake forms a underwater fault line. Hungry piranhas come out. In the city of Lake Victoria (named for the lake), spring break has just started and some guys go into the lake celebrate and swim.
Sequel
Dimension Films has announced that a sequel will be released in November 2011 due to the success of this and the sequel will be called Piranha 3DD.
Cameo
Richard Dreyfuss makes a cameo in the movie when he sings the song "Show Me The Way To Go Home". Dreyfuss sang the same song in Steven Spielberg's Jaws.
Marsanne, Drôme
Marsanne is a commune in the Drôme department. It is in southeastern France.
It was the birthplace of Émile Loubet (1838–1929), 7th President of the French Republic.
Black Mama White Mama
Black Mama White Mama (also known as Women in Chains) is a 1973 American Filipino action movie directed by Eddie Romero. It is a remake of the 1958 movie The Defiant Ones. It stars Pam Grier, Sid Haig, Margaret Markov, Zaldy Zshornack, Eddie Gracia, Alona Alegre, Alfonso Carvajal.
Turksploitation
Turksploitation is a mockbuster exploitation remake film subgenre after cashing on American films during in time were mostly low-budget unauthorized adaptations with ripoffs of popular movies uses music from various sources and insane plotlines, unintentional references, badly acting and shoddy special effects.
Leaf green tree frog
The leaf green tree frog (Ranoidea phyllochroa) is a frog from Victoria and New South Wales in Australia.
This frog lives in forests and grasslands, but it can also live in suburbs and cities. This frog lives near streams. The female lays eggs on plants underneath the water. The tadpoles grow into frogs in 12 weeks.
Even though it is called the "leaf green" tree frog, it is usually olive green in color. It has a yellow stripe down each side of its body. This frog can change color, becoming very dark, to blend in with the area around it to hide.
Scientists used to think the narrow fringed frog was the same species as the leaf green tree frog but they now think they are two species. They think so because the narrow fringed frog and leaf green tree frog have different voice calls and live in different places. The narrow fringed frog is also called the leaf green tree frog or leaf green river tree frog.
Rhys Webb
Rhys Webb (born 9 December 1988) is a Welsh international rugby union player who plays at Scrum-half for Ospreys and Wales.
Clinton, Missouri
Clinton is the county seat of Henry County, Missouri, United States.
Stillwater, Oklahoma
Stillwater is the county seat of Payne County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 39,065 at the 2000 census.
Montélimar
Montélimar is a commune in the Drôme department. It is in southeastern France.
Sister cities
Montélimar is twinned with:
Alayaron (movie)
Alayaron (English: The Dawn) is one of the first Bodo feature movies. It was released in 13 March 1986 at Ganga Talkies, Kokrajhar. It was directed by Jwngdao Bodosa, based upon the short story Mwdwi arw Gwlwmdwi (Tears and Sweat) by Nilkamal Brahma. The movie stars Amar Narzary and Rohila Brahma. It was also the winner of the National Film Award in 1986.
List of main rivers of Wales
In Wales, flowing into the Liverpool Bay
From Hoylake to Garth Pier, Bangor, Gwynedd
Isle of Anglesey
Anticlockwise from Menai Bridge / Porthaethwy
Alayaron (movie)
Based on
Mwdwi arw Gwlwmdwi
List of main rivers of Wales
Braint (ii) catchment
Note "Afon Menai", known as the "Menai Strait" in English, is not technically a river, despite its Welsh name..
In Wales, flowing into the Irish Sea
From Bangor Pier to St. Govan's Head
In Wales, flowing into the Bristol Channel
From St. Govan's Head to M48 Bridge
Severn catchment
With the exception of a small part of the Rea Brook, all tributaries of the Severn downstream of the confluence of the Severn and the Vyrnwy are wholly in England. For details see List of rivers of England.
Rick Springfield
Richard Springthorpe (born August 23, 1949), known better by his stage name Rick Springfield, is an Australian musician and actor. He was extremely popular in the 1980s thanks to a string of hit songs including "Jesse's Girl", and a recurring role on the TV show, General Hospital.
Early life
Rick Springfield was born on the 23rd of August in 1949.
List of Bodo religions
This is a list of religions of the Bodo people of Assam in Northeastern India.
Touch Me (The Doors song)
"Touch Me" is a 1968 song by The Doors and is the leading single from their fourth studio album The Soft Parade. It went to number 1 in Canada, number 3 in the United States, number 6 in New Zealand, number 7 in South Africa, number 10 in Australia and Switzerland, number 16 in Austria and number 21 in the Netherlands.
Quotient
In mathematics, the quotient is the result of a division. For example, in the division of 6÷3, the quotient would be 2. Here, 6 is also called the dividend, and 3 the divisor. The quotient can thus be expressed as the number of times the divisor adds together into the dividend.
On the other hand, a quotient can also mean just the integral part of the result of dividing two integers. For example, the quotient of 17 ÷ 5 would be 3 (since 5 goes into 17 at most 3 times), whilst the remainder, the leftover of the division, would be 2.
Quotients also come up in certain tests, like the IQ test, which evaluates one's intelligence quotient. In this case, the quotient is the score of the test. In recent decades, as people begin to emphasize multi-dimensional personal development, other similar quotients (such as emotional quotient) are being developed and considered as well.
Hall & Oates
Hall & Oates is an American musical group. The members are Daryl Hall and John Oates. They came from Philadelphia. Their greatest fame was from the late 1970s to mid 1980s. During this time they had many hit songs. They faded from view in 1990, but the duo are still performing together.
Schenectady, New York
Schenectady  is a city in Schenectady County, New York, United States, of which it is the county seat. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 66,135.
Nadira Begum
Nadira Begum is a Bangladeshi folk singer. She was awarded Shilpakala Padak by the Government of Bangladesh in 2015.
Early life and career
She was born to A.K.M. Abdul Aziz, a classical and folk singer. She was enlisted as a radio artiste in 1960s.
Begum was a president of the Bhawaiya Academy.
COVID-19 pandemic in Sudan
The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Sudan in March 2020.
On 13 March 2020, Sudan reported its first COVID-19 case in Khartoum, a man who died on 12 March 2020 and had visited the United Arab Emirates in the first week of March.
Fraction (mathematics)
A fraction is a number that shows how many equal parts there are. When we write fractions, we show one number with a line above (or a slash next to) another number. For example, ', ' and 1/4.are different ways of writing the same fraction (in this case a quarter). The top number tells us how many parts there are, and the bottom number tells us the total number of parts.
The top part of the fraction is called a numerator. The bottom part of the fraction is called a denominator. For example, for the fraction, the 1 is the numerator, and the 4 is the denominator.
Mathematical fractions
A fraction is a mathematical expression relating two quantities or numbers, where one divides the other. When the two quantities are whole numbers (or integers), this is called a rational number (such as the fraction ). When the two quantities are polynomials, this is called a rational function.
Mathematically, a fraction is a quotient of numbers, representing the number's value when the numerator (upper number) is divided by the denominator (lower number). Thus means one divided by two, or, in decimals, 0.5.
To find of, the denominators are multiplied, and because denominator 2 multiplied by 2 equals 4, we have that  x  = , or 0.5 x 0.5 = 0.25.
(In this case, “ of” means "multiplication".)
To find divided by, multiply  by the reciprocal of , which is 2. That answer is 1.
Multiplying
To multiply two fractions, the first numerator is multiplied by the other numerator, and the first denominator is multiplied by the other denominator. For example. ' x ' = . One can simplify this by dividing both numbers by a common factor. This would be  after the simplication.
S4!Sash!
S4!Sash! is the fourth studio album by the German DJ group Sash!. It was released in 11 November 2002.
Lönsboda
Lönsboda is a locality in Osby Municipality in Skåne County in Sweden. In 2010, 1,903 people lived there. It located in northeastern Scania, circa 20 kilometers east of Osby and near Blekinge and Småland.
Empress's Cup
The Empress's Cup All-Japan Women's Soccer Championship Tournament (皇后杯全日本女子サッカー選手権大会), or The Empress's Cup, is a Japanese women's football competition. As an elimination tournament, it can be considered the female counterpart to the men's Emperor's Cup. The name "Empress's Cup" has been used since the 2012 season as the Empress's Cup trophy was founded in that year.
From 2004 to 2011 season (New Year's Day of 2005 to 2012), the final was played on New Year's Day at the National Stadium in Tokyo before the Emperor's Cup final, and was regarded as the traditional closing match of the season. Since 2012, the final has been played separately from the Emperor's Cup final.
Anus
The anus is the opening in the human body that is between the buttocks. It is at the end of the gastrointestinal system (including the organs that digest food), where feces or stool comes out of the body.
Princess Alexia of the Netherlands
Princess Alexia of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau (Alexia Juliana Marcela Laurentien; born 26 June 2005) is the daughter of Queen Maxima and King Willem-Alexander. She has two sisters: Catharina-Amalia and Ariane.
Titles, styles and arms
Alexia's full title and style is: Her Royal Highness Princess Alexia Juliana Marcela Laurentien of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau.
Honors
-Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion (26 June 2023)
-Knight of the Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau (26 June 2023)
Vasca Votiva
Vasca Votiva, or Noceto Vasca Votiva, is an archaeological feature in northern Italy. The archaeologists studying this feature think it is a votive or sacred tank.
Structure
The structure is on the top of a hill, near the town of Noceto in the Po (river) valley. It was found in 2004. Using dendrochrology and radiocarbon dating,  archaeologists have calculated that the structure was built in 1432 BC (plus or minus 4 years). The Vasca Votiva was a tank lined with logs and boards. The structure is 12 meters by 7 meters and about 3 meters deep. The scientists know it contained water because there were layers of sediment in it. Because there are no channels for water to flow out, the scientists think it had a ritual, or religious function. The intentional depositing of ceramic vessels supports this interpretation. The period when the structure was built was the Bronze Age. At this time, the culture of this region, the Terramare culture was changing a lot. The society was changing from mostly individual little farms to larger communities. Plowing and irrigation were increasingly used.
Buckethead
Brian Patrick Carroll, better known as Buckethead, is an American musician and songwriter. As of 2016 he has released 255 solo albums. He has performed on over 50 more albums by other music artists. His music spans many different styles and genres.
Vasca Votiva
Structure
There were many artifacts that had been placed in the tank at different times. These were made of stone, wood, other plant material, and fired clay. The archaeologists recovered "about 150 whole vases, 25 miniature vessels, 7 clay figurines, numerous examples of baskets, handles or bands, spindles, shovels and four plows or parts of these made of wood or other vegetal tissue"
Interestingly, there was an older tank underneath. It had been built about ten years earlier. It had collapsed during or shortly after construction. Some of its materials were re-used in the later tank.
Pulaski County, Indiana
Pulaski County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of 2010, 13,402 people lived there. The county seat is Winamac.
Buckethead
When performing onstage Buckethead wears a white KFC bucket over his head and an expressionless plain white costume mask.
Although he can play many different types of musical instruments, Buckethead is best known for his guitar playing. He has been voted as a top guitarist in many magazines dedicated to the topic of guitar playing.
Buckethead records and performs onstage as a solo artist most of the time. He has also worked with a wide variety musicians including: Bill Laswell, Bootsy Collins, Bhargav Polara Bernie Worrell, Iggy Pop, Les Claypool, Serj Tankian, Mike Patton and Viggo Mortensen. Buckethead was a member of Guns N' Roses from 2000 to 2004.
Buckethead has created music for movies such as: Saw II, Ghosts of Mars, Beverly Hills Ninja and Last Action Hero.
Streptokinase
Streptokinase (STK) is a medication used to dissolve blood clots (thrombolysis) in human body. Streptokinase is used mainly treat heart attacks (Myocardia Infarction). There are 2 main types of heart attacks; STEMI and non-STEMI and Streptokinase is only used in STEMI type heart attacks after confirming with an ECG. It is given as an injection into a vein.
Side effects
Common side effects of Streptokinase are;
It is not recommended to use streptokinase during the lifetime of a person more than once due to the risk of developing allergic reactions.
Discovery
Streptokinase was discovered in 1933 by American microbiologist, William S. Tillett, from a bacteria known as beta-hemolytic streptococci. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Streptokinase is no longer used in hospitals to treat heart attacks in many countries including United States and replaced by a medication called Tenecteplase which has less side effects.
The Freak Brothers
The Freak Brothers is an adult animated television show. It is based on the iconic 1960s underground comic series called The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers. The animated series is about the same characters as the comic book and is set in modern-day San Francisco. The television series is being developed for release in late 2020.
It features four cannabis-loving, time-traveling “Freaks” from the late 1960s – Freewheelin’ Franklin, Phineas, Fat Freddy and Fat Freddy’s Cat. Known as The Freak Brothers, the show features Woody Harrelson, Tiffany Haddish, Pete Davidson, and John Goodman as voice actors for the 3 Freaks & the cat.
According to the 2019 announcement it will be animated by Starburns Industries studio, which did Rick & Morty.
Progreso, Texas
Progreso is a city in Hidalgo County, Texas.
Place value
Place value in mathematics is the value represented by a digit.
In the decimal system (which is base 10) with digits (0-9) the first column left of the decimal place is the units column, the next column to the left is the tens, the next is the hundreds. The first column right of the decimal place is the tenths column, the next is hundredths, the next is thousandths.
Harold Urey
Harold Clayton Urey (April 29, 1893 – January 5, 1981) was an American physical chemist. His pioneering work on isotopes earned him the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1934. He played a significant role in the development of the atom bomb, and he had ideas on the development of organic life from non-living matter.
Place value
This can be illustrated as H T  U. t h  th
Harold Urey
Biography
Urey earned a degree in zoology from the University of Montana and a Ph.D. in chemistry, studying thermodynamics under Gilbert N. Lewis at the University of California, Berkeley.
At Berkeley, Urey was influenced by the work of physicist Raymond T. Birge and soon joined Niels Bohr in Copenhagen to work on atomic structure at the Institute for Theoretical Physics.
On his return to the U.S. and between 1924 and 1928, he taught at The Johns Hopkins University as 'Associate in Chemistry', and then at Columbia where he assembled a team of associates. He wrote (with Arthur Ruark), Atoms, quanta and molecules, one of the first English texts on quantum mechanics and its applications to atomic and molecular systems.
He discovered deuterium, isolating it by repeatedly distilling a sample of liquid hydrogen. In 1931, he and his associates went on to demonstrate the existence of heavy water. Urey was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1934 for this work. During World War II, Urey's team at Columbia worked on a number of research programs that contributed towards the Manhattan Project to develop an atomic bomb for the United States. Most importantly, they developed the gaseous diffusion method to separate uranium-235 from uranium-238. In autumn 1941, Urey, with G.B. Pegram, led a diplomatic mission to England to establish co-operation on the development of the atomic bomb.
Isaac Asimov, a student at Columbia at this time, remembers Urey lamenting, perhaps too strongly, how pained he was that he could do nothing to help the war effort. Asimov pointed out innocently that perhaps the enriched uranium kept at Columbia may have had something to do with the war effort. Urey reddened and changed the subject. Urey had worried about the German atomic bomb while working on uranium separation at Columbia during the war, and now referred to the most dangerous situation that humanity has ever faced in all history. After the war, Urey became professor of chemistry at the Institute for Nuclear Studies, then Ryerson professor of chemistry at the University of Chicago before moving to the University of California, San Diego. A UCSD building was named in his honor in the early 1960s, during a time when nearly all buildings other than student dormitories had only generic names. The name of the building is actually the "Frieda and Harold Urey Hall". Urey would have rejected the honor, he hated the architecture of the building, but since it also honored his wife he accepted.
Urey died at La Jolla, California, and is buried in the Fairfield Cemetery in DeKalb County, Indiana. While working at Columbia University, Urey was a resident of Leonia, New Jersey.
The House on Trubnaya
The House on Trubnaya (Дом на Трубной) is a 1928 Soviet silent comedy movie directed by Boris Barnet. It stars Vera Maretskaya, Vladimir Fogel, and Yelena Tyapkina.
The Boy with Green Hair
The Boy with Green Hair is a 1948 American family drama movie directed by first time director Joseph Losey and based on the 1946 short story of the same name by Betsy Beaton. It stars Pat O'Brien, Robert Ryan, Dean Stockwell, Barbara Hale, Walter Catlett, Teddy Infuhr and was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures.
Främmestad
Främmestad is a locality in Essunga Municipality in Västra Götaland County in Sweden. In 2010, 393 people lived there.
Phoenix, Sayreville, New Jersey
Phoenix, Sayreville, New Jersey is a neighborhood of Sayreville, New Jersey.
Crime in Brazil
Crime in Brazil has had an increase in violent and non-violent crimes. According to most sources, Brazil has high rates of violent crimes, such as murders and robberies. The homicide rate was getting smaller, but has started going back up from 2006 onwards. In 2010 it was above 25 homicides per 100,000 people. This makes is one of the 20 worst rates in the world.
Overview
Kidnappings do still happen. Increased police know-how has helped the problem. Prostitution per se is not a crime in Brazil, unlike procuring. The Government of Brazil has increased efforts to combat child prostitution and sex tourism. In 2010, there were 473,600 people in Brazilian prisons and jails. Drugs are responsible for 85,000 of the total.
It is believed that most life-threatening crime in Brazil is linked to drug trade and alcoholism. Brazil is a heavy importer of cocaine. It is part of the international drug route. Arms and marijuana used by criminals are mostly locally produced.
Villeneuve-de-Marsan
Villeneuve-de-Marsan is a commune. It is in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the Landes department in southwest France.
Crime in Brazil
Overview
New laws have stricter punishment for domestic abuse and driving under the influence. Thousands of human trafficking and slavery cases are reported each year. These are usually connected to sugarcane plantations or, in the cities, illegal immigrants from Asia and the surrounding continent Crime rates change greatly across the country, with a higher amount in metropolitan suburbs and in border zones.
A continuing problem is the human rights violations during capture and custody of suspects. On the other hand, criminal charges have been described as very easy, allowing violent criminals an early return to society. The justice system is slow. This is largely because of loopholes that allow for numerous appeals. According to the U.S. Department of State, a majority of crimes are not solved.
Express kidnappings, where individuals are taken and forced to withdraw money from automated teller machines, are common in major cities including Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Brasília, Curitiba, Porto Alegre, Salvador and Recife. Petty crimes such as pickpocketing and bag snatching are common. Thieves work in outdoor markets, in hotels and on public transport.
Organized crime is a serious problem in Brazil. It is well established in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. Organizations include: Comando Vermelho, Amigos dos Amigos, Terceiro Comando Puro, and Primeiro Comando da Capital. There are groups of punks and skinheads in São Paulo and Curitiba. The illegal drug trade is large. In 2021, at least 25 people were killed in a shootout between police and a gang of drug dealers.
Militias
In some areas, current and former members of the police have formed vigilante gangs. These gangs say they are protecting people but are widely thought to be dangerous criminal gangs. They chase out or kill local drug dealers. They then use protection rackets and tax local businesses of all kinds. Rio de Janeiro "militias" have been responsible for murders of journalists and a judge. Areas under "militia" control tend to see a drop in murder rates but a rise in other forms of violent crime.
The National Security Force
The National Public Security Force (NPSF) was started in June 2004 by the Ministry of Justice. They are to act in emergency situations. It brings together the best police states and the Federal Police.
BOPE
BOPE (Batalhão de Operações Policiais Especiais, or Special Police Operations Battalion), is the elite group of the Military Police. Their missions are: Break barricades made by drug traffickers; get out police officers or civilians injured in fighting; serve high-risk arrest warrants; hostage rescues; stop prison rebellions; and conduct special missions in rough terrain such as swamps or mountainous areas.. They chase out or kill local drug dealers
Ah, Wilderness!
Ah, Wilderness! is a 1935 American comedy drama movie directed by Clarence Brown and is based on the 1933 play of the same name by Eugene O'Neill. It stars Wallace Beery, Lionel Barrymore, Mickey Rooney, Cecilia Parker, Eric Linden, Aline MacMahon, Spring Byington and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
The Best of Billie
The Best of Billie is an album by British pop singer Billie Piper. It was released by EMI on 8 August 2005. The album contained Piper's single releases as well as B-sides.
Ben Chaplin
Ben Chaplin (born Benedict John Greenwood; 31 July 1969) is an English actor. He was born in Windsor, Berkshire. He is known for his role as a servant in The Remains of the Day. He also starred as Con Wainwright in Feast of July (1995) and as Tom Wingfield in Sam Mendes' stage production of The Glass Menagerie.
List of rivers of Venezuela
This is a list of rivers in Venezuela. This list is arranged by where the river drains. Tributaries are indented under each larger stream's name.
1st century
During this period Europe, North Africa and the Near East fell under increasing domination by the Roman Empire. It continued expanding under the emperor Claudius (43). The reforms introduced by Augustus during his long reign stabilized the empire. Later in the century the Julio-Claudian Dynasty, which had been founded by Augustus came to an end with the death of Nero in 68. There followed the famous Year of Four Emperors, a brief period of civil war and instability, which was finally brought to an end by Vespasian, 9th Roman emperor, and founder of the Flavian Dynasty.
China continued to be dominated by the Han Dynasty, despite a 14-year interruption by the Xin dynasty under Wang Mang. Han rule was restored in 23. Wang Mang's rule represents the watershed between the Western/Former Han and the Eastern/Later Han. The capital was also moved from Chang'an to Luoyang.
Christianity
According to the New Testament, during the reign of Tiberius, Jesus, a Jewish religious leader from Galilee, was crucified in Jerusalem on the charge of blasphemy for claiming to be the Son of God. But "God raised him from the dead" three days later, see Resurrection of Jesus. Over the next few decades his followers, following the Great Commission, including the apostle Paul, carried his message throughout the Greek-speaking regions of Asia Minor, eventually introducing it to Rome itself. Roman rulers began to persecute the new sect almost immediately (the emperor Nero accused the Christians of starting the fires that destroyed much of Rome in 64 AD), and would continue to do so for centuries, sometimes vigorously, and other times passively. Christian tradition records that all of Christ's apostles except John the Evangelist suffered martyrdom.
In the 4th century, Christianity was eventually taken up by the emperor Constantine. One of his successors Julian the Apostate renounced it for paganism and again persecuted the Church. However, by the end of the 4th century, Emperor Theodosius I proclaimed Christianity as the state religion of the Roman Empire.
Decades and years
Note: years before or after the 1st century are in italics.
Monte Mario
History
Excavations near Monte Mario have found a flint tool and animal teeth. The remains date back to about 65,000 years ago.
The hill was known as Mons Vaticanus or Clivus Cinnae (from the name of the Roman Consul Lucius Cornelius Cinna) during Ancient Rome.
In the Middle Ages, Monte Mario was located on the Via Francigena, a pilgrimage route from Canterbury to Rome. Pilgrims called it Mons Gaudii (Latin for Mount of the Joy).
Description
Mario Mountain is a nature reserve and it is home to an observatory.
London
London is the capital of the United Kingdom (UK), and its largest city. It is also the city with the highest population in the UK. The population is just under 9 million. The city is the largest in western Europe by population and area.
On the Thames, London has been a central city since it was founded by the Romans two millennia ago as Londinium. The Romans bridged the river Thames and built a road network to connect Londinium with the rest of the country.
London's original city centre, the City of London is England's smallest city. In 2011 it had 7,375 inhabitants on an area of 1.12 square miles. The term "London" is used for the urban region which developed around this city centre. This area forms the region of London, the Greater London administrative unit led by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
London is one of the world's most important political, economic and cultural centres. London was the capital of the British Empire and so for almost three centuries the centre of power for large parts of the world.
The city has about 9.1 million inhabitants (2018). If one counts the entire metropolitan area of London (London Metropolitan Area), it has about 15 million people. The climate is moderate.
5th century: end of Roman rule to 12th century
After the decline of the Roman Empire, few people remained in London. The Anglo-Saxon people of sub-Roman Britain were mainly agricultural. Once the Romans had gone, trade with Continental Europe dwindled. In the 9th century, more people started living in London again. It became the largest city in England. However, it did not become the capital city of England again until the 12th century. For a long time after the Romans, England was not unified, and so had no capital.
17th century
The 17th century saw Londoners suffer from the plague and the fire of London. The century starts with the famous Gunpowder Plot.
In the 17th century the Stuart kings ruled: James I and Charles I. Charles Stuart was defeated by Cromwell, so the century was remarkable in that respect. Cromwell marks the beginning of the modern system whereby Parliament is more important than the monarch. The war between Cromwell and Charles was bitterly fought. London was the key city, and Oxford was also important.
The century also had two great disasters: the Great Plague and the Great Fire of London. The control of London by Cromwell and Parliament was one of the decisive factors in the civil war. Cromwell's victory was followed by his death in 1658, and the country for a time moved back to royal rule under Charles II.
The plague virus, carried by fleas on rats, came to Britain from Europe.
The Great Fire of London broke out at the beginning of September 1666. Unfortunately there were warehouses full of timber, pitch, tallow, wine and tar. These caught fire and, in the end, all the riverfront buildings were destroyed. The fire eventually destroyed about 60% of the city, (mainly the City of London, rather than the large city we have today). Old St Paul's Cathedral was destroyed. Some fires burnt more widely, up to present-day Southwark and even Highgate (which are not in the city, but are in London).
Modern era
Another famous old part of Greater London is Westminster, which was a different city from the City of London. In Westminster is Westminster Abbey (a cathedral), the Palace of Westminster (the Houses of Parliament, and 10 Downing Street (where the Prime Minister lives).
After the railways were built, London grew much larger. Greater London has 33 boroughs (neighbourhoods) and a mayor. The old City of London is only a square mile in size but has its own Lord Mayor.
Expansion of London
In stages, London has several times increased in size by statute in Parliament. The main motive for this has been taxation, and the increase in houses in what was once countryside. Since taxation was paid to the counties surrounding London, there was a motive for absorbing the countryside into London. This happened in several stages.
Geology
One aspect of its geology had big consequences. North of the Thames London is on chalk, which is easy (with modern equipment) to tunnel through. South of the Thames London is on clay, which was, and still is, much more difficult to dig out. So most of the subterranean engineering is north of the Thames. The road system south of the Thames is also inadequate by modern standards. This difference is reflected in the prices for property, the road transport, the Underground railway and the definition of "London" as a taxable area. The growth of London has been more vigorous North of the Thames, and has included the complete absorption of Middlesex, once a separate county.
Business and economy
London has five major business districts: the City, Westminster, Canary Wharf, Camden & Islington and Lambeth & Southwark.
The London Stock Exchange is the most international stock exchange and the largest in Europe.
Financial services
London's largest industry is finance. This includes banks, stock exchanges, investment companies and insurance companies The Bank of England is in the City of London and is the second oldest bank in the world.
Professional services
London has many professional services such as law and accounting firms.
Media
The British Broadcasting Company (BBC), which has many radio and TV stations, is in London.
Tourism
Tourism is one of London's biggest industries. London is the most visited city in the world by international tourists with 18.8 million international visitors per year. Within the UK, London is home to the ten most-visited tourist attractions. Tourism employed about 350,000 full-time workers in London in 2003. Tourists spend about £15 billion per year.
Technology
A growing number of technology companies are based in London.
Manufacturing and construction
For the 19th and much of the 20th centuries London was a major manufacturing centre (see Manufacturing in London), with over 1.5 million industrial workers in 1960. Many products were made in London including ships, electronics and cars. Nowadays, most of these manufacturing companies are closed but some drug companies still make medicine in London.
Transportation (trains, airports and underground)
The city has a huge network of transport systems including trains, underground (metro) and five main airports.
The Victorians built many train systems in the mid-19th century (1850s). Their main stations are in London, and the lines go to every part of Great Britain. There were originally five major companies but the five companies became a national rail network in modern times. Their terminals at King's Cross, St. Pancras, Paddington, Waterloo and Charing Cross are still used as terminals.
There are five airports, though only one is actually in London (London City Airport). The most used airport is Heathrow Airport, although it is actually outside the city. There is the London end of the London–Birmingham canal, which was important to the industrial 19th century. Really heavy goods can be transported on water by canal or sea.
The London Underground is a system of electric trains which are in London. It is the oldest underground railway in the world. It started running in 1863 as the Metropolitan Railway. Later, the system was copied in other cities, for example Paris, New York, Moscow and Madrid. Even though it is called the London Underground, about half of it is above the ground. The "Tube" is the name used for the London Underground, because the tunnels for some of the lines are semi-round tubes running through the ground. The Underground has 274 stations and over 250 miles (402 km) of track. Over one billion passengers used the underground each year.
With the need for more rail capacity in London, the Elizabeth Line (also known as Crossrail) opened in May 2022. It is a new railway line running east to west through London, with a branch to Heathrow Airport. It is Europe's biggest construction project, with a £15 billion projected cost.
There is a black taxi system regulated by the Metropolitan Police, and various other private enterprise hire car companies. Efforts are being made to make roads safer for cyclists.
Sewage tunnel
London's biggest tunnel has just been completed to take sewage from the capital to the East where it will be processed.
Climate
London has a temperate oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb). It is not usually very hot or cold. It is often cloudy.
Summers are generally warm, sometimes hot. Winters are generally cool. Spring and autumn are mild.
London has regular, light rain throughout the year. July is the warmest month, with an average temperature at Greenwich of 13.6 °C to 22.8 °C. The coldest month is January, with an average of 2.4 °C to 7.9 °C. The average annual precipitation is fairly low at 583.6 mm, and February is normally the driest month. Drought is sometimes possible, especially during longer heatwaves in summer. Snow is uncommon but usually falls at least once each winter and heavy snow is rarer and does not happen every winter. While snow is uncommon in central London itself, there is more snow in the outer areas; this is because the "urban heat island" the big city generates makes the city about 5 °C warmer than surrounding areas in winter.
Temperature extremes in London range from 40.2 °C at Heathrow Airport on 19 July 2022 down to -16.1 °C at Northolt on 1 January 1962.
Twinnings
London has twin and sister city agreements with these cities:
London also has a "partnership" agreement with Tokyo, Japan.
Liberec
Twin towns – Sister cities
Liberec is twinned with:
Battle of Kororāreka
The Battle of Kororāreka was a battle in New Zealand between Maori warriors and the British Army. It took place on 11 March 1845 in the small town of Kororāreka. Today that town is called Russell. The town is on the North Island of New Zealand. The Maori were unhappy with the problems in the town. They cut down the flag pole flying the British flag. Each time the Maori cut down the flag pole, the British Army made a new one. This happened three times. When the British Army put the flag pole back a fourth time, the Maori attacked the town. Hōne Heke and Te Ruki Kawiti were the leaders of the Maori. William Hulme was the leader of the British soldiers. The Maori had many more fighters than the British. There were 600 Maori warriors and only 140 British soldiers. The Maori won the battle. The town was destroyed in the fighting. The British Army left the town. The British citizens living there also left. British and American ships waiting in the harbour took them to Auckland.
Montchauvet, Calvados
Montchauvet is a former commune. It is in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Souleuvre-en-Bocage.
Llano Grande, Texas
Llano Grande (Spanish "Great Plain") is a census-designated place (CDP) in Hidalgo County, Texas.
Dodgeball
Dodgeball is a sport played by throwing soft balls, or hard rubber balls, at people in a square court. The goal is to be the last one to be hit with the ball. Players may only throw balls at people who are not on their own team. If a player is hit by the ball,he or she should go to the outside of the court to the other team. From the outside, players throw the ball at players still on the inside.
Dodgeball is often played in elementary schools in physical education classes. Many school children play this game. In recent years, many adults who played it as children have formed adult leagues and clubs. Also, some schools have banned it (this means that made it against the rules to play it), because players can get hurt when playing the game. Tournaments are sometimes held in schools.
Dodgeball, because of its recent popularity, inspired a film Dodgeball: A True Underdog Story (2004) starring Ben Stiller and Vince Vaughn, and a game show, Extreme Dodgeball.
Progreso Lakes, Texas
Progreso Lakes is a city in Hidalgo County, Texas.
Fire pump
A fire pump is part of a fire fighting system. It brings water from water sources such as groundwater or static water. It supplies the water to a sprinkler system to extinguish fire with high water pressure. The pump is run by a motor.
Tom Benson
Thomas Milton Benson (July 12, 1927 – March 15, 2018) was an American businessman, philanthropist  and sports franchise owner. He was the owner of the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League (NFL) and New Orleans Pelicans of the National Basketball Association (NBA).
As a sports team owner, Benson had a Super Bowl victory; with the Saints winning Super Bowl XLIV.
Benson died of complications from influenza on March 15, 2018 in Jefferson, Louisiana at the age of 90.
Sunyani
Sunyani is a city and the capital town of the Brong-Ahafo Region and the Sunyani Municipal of Ghana. As of 2012, the population was 248,496.
Zebulon, Georgia
Zebulon is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the county seat of Pike County.
Heart (band)
Heart is a rock band which started in Seattle in the 1960s. It became famous with the release of "Dreamboat Annie" in 1976 when the band-members were living in Vancouver.
Ann Wilson was the lead singer and sometimes played the flute. Roger Fisher played the lead guitar and sang. Steve Fossen played the bass guitar. Nancy Wilson played lots of different types of guitar and sang. Mike Fisher managed the band and also looked after the sound and the lights. In 1975 some extra people joined the band. Michael DeRosier played the drums. Howard Leese played lots of different instruments and stayed with the band until 1998.
The Fisher brothers left the band in 1979. Steve Fossen and Michael DeRosier left the band in 1982. Denny Carmassi played the drums, Mark Andes played the bass guitar, and Nancy Wilson played the lead guitar. The band did not do much in the 1990s, but Ann & Nancy started doing things again in the early 2000s. Since then, the band has made lots of appearances in public and on TV.
Barracuda
Their best known song is called Barracuda. It was written in 1977 by Ann and Nancy Wilson, Michael DeRosier, Sue Ennis (a friend of Ann and Nancy) and Roger Fisher. Some of the places it has been and used are:
Records
The band's first album went on sale in 1976. It was given the name "Dreamboat Annie". A lot of people liked the album and more than one million (1,000,000) copies of it were sold. The album had the ballads "How Deep It Goes" and "(Love Me Like Music) I'll Be Your song." In addition it had the songs "Magic Man" and "Crazy On You". After lots of people had bought copies of the "Dreamboat Annie" album, Heart changed to a new record company.
Their second album in 1977 was given the name "Little Queen". It had the hard rock song "Barracuda". "Barracuda" and "Dreamboat Annie" are Heart's best known early songs.
A third album was called "Magazine". It was given to the shops by the old record company before "Little Queen" was made. Heart did not like this, and wanted all copies of "Magazine" to be destroyed. They took the old record company to court. The judge ordered that the old record company must stop selling the album. The judge also ordered that Heart must make a new album for the old record company. This new album was also called "Magazine". It was given to the shops after "Little Queen" was made.
In 1978, the band released "Dog & Butterfly". It was very different in musical style from the first three albums. Sue Ennis was a friend of Ann and Nancy Wilson. She helped write a lot of the songs on "Dog & Butterfly". Two of the songs were named "Straight On" and "Dog & Butterfly". Heart did not sell as many copies of this album. The next two or three albums were not very good. Roger Fisher and Steve Fossen left the band.
In 1985 the band had new people in it, and had a new record company. They made an album called "Heart", and it sold lots of copies. The sort of music that Heart played was different. In the 1970s, the music was hard rock. In the 1980s the music was Top 40 pop. Some of the songs were "How Can I Refuse", "What About Love", "Alone", "Never", "These Dreams" and "All I Want To Do Is Make Love To You".
In the 1990s, as well as performing and touring as Heart, the Wilson sisters started another band with Sue Ennis. They called this band "The LoveMongers". The also set up a recording studio in Seattle which they called "Bad Animals". Bad Animals is also the name of an album they made in 1987
In 1999, Nancy made a solo album called "Live at McCabes Guitar Shop". In 2007, Ann made a solo album called "Hope & Glory".
Roger Fisher also continues to perform, and has recorded and released several albums of his own.
Singles
´**"All Through the Nigh" (Album: Home for the Holidays (Christmas single))
San Carlos, Texas
San Carlos is a census-designated place (CDP) in Hidalgo County, Texas.
Local area network
A local area network (LAN) is a computer network in a small area like a home, office, or school. Many computers can be connected to share information and Internet connections. Most LANs use Ethernet to connect together.