cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Circuit de Catalunya
History
The Circuit de Catalunya was built in 1991. It was planned to host its first race in 1992 to go with the Olympic Games. The Olympic Games were scheduled to take place in Barcelona. The circuit is often referred to as 'Barcelona' in the racing community, even though it is located in Montmeló. The Circuit de Catalunya should not be confused with the Montjuïc circuit, which hosted the Spanish Grand Prix four times between 1969 and 1975. Unlike the Circuit de Catalunya, Montjuïc circuit is actually located within the city of Barcelona.
Because of so much testing is done at this circuit, Formula One drivers and mechanics are extremely familiar with it. This has led to criticism that drivers and mechanics are too familiar with Catalunya, reducing the amount of on-track action.
When the circuit opened, overtaking was frequent. Cars could closely follow each other through the last two corners. They would slipstream down the long straight for a pass. As aerodynamic balance became more important, this overtaking method became less effective. The cars were unable to follow each other as close. They would encounter turbulence created by the leading car. This made it hard for a car to get close enough to pass. In the next to the last corner was replaced with a chicane. This was an effort to improve passing. The redesign did not increase the amount of overtaking.
The Circuit de Catalunya also plays host to many other racing series, including Moto GP. The chicane which was put in for Formula 1 does not exist in the track layout for Moto GP, and there are at least five points on the track where riders are known to pass. As in Formula 1, turn one is the most popular place for overtaking.
Marion, Mississippi
Marion is a town in Lauderdale County, Mississippi, United States. it is the least populous municipality in Lauderdale County.
Papowo Biskupie
Papowo Biskupie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Papowo Biskupie, within Chełmno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.
Shai Hulud (band)
Shai Hulud is a hardcore punk band with progressive metal influences formed in Pompano Beach, Florida in 1995.
FAO Goodwill Ambassador
The FAO Goodwill Ambassadors Programme started in 1999. The Food and Agriculture Organization is a part of the United Nations. The Ambassadors increase public awareness about hunger in the world.
Current Ambassadors
Current FAO Goodwill Ambassadors, and the year they were appointed:
Psychedelic pop
Psychedelic pop is a musical movement which started in California in the 1960s. Psychedelic rock, also called psychedelia, is a style of rock music that materialized in the late 1960s that was influenced by the experience of taking hallucinogenic drugs such as LSD. Psychedelic rock incorporated elements of blues and folk rock and eventually contributed to the evolution of hard rock and progressive rock.
It was partly inspired by Garage rock, British pop, bubblegum music and new hippie and Eastern ideas.
Some important Psychedelic Pop artists are:
Wendelstein, Bavaria
Wendelstein is a municipality in Roth, in Bavaria, Germany, about 12 km southeast of Nuremberg.
Alleghany County
Alleghany County is the name of two counties in the United States:
Scottish National Gallery
The Scottish National Gallery (formerly the National Gallery of Scotland) is the national art gallery of Scotland.
It is on The Mound in central Edinburgh, close to Princes Street. The building was designed in a neoclassical style by William Playfair, and first opened to the public in 1859.
The gallery houses Scotland's national collection of fine art, ahowing Scottish and international art from the beginning of the Renaissance to the start of the 20th century.
The Scottish National Gallery is run by the National Galleries of Scotland. This public body also owns the Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art and the Scottish National Portrait Gallery. These museums are also in Edinburgh.
Adams County
Adams County is the name of twelve counties in the United States:
Sunila Karambelkar
Sunila Karambelkar (b. 24 October 1978) is an Indian television and movie actress.
She played fantastic roles in DD' s popular shows & movies likes Surya Putra Shani, Jai Hanuman { Great epic about Lord Rudra Avatar Hanuman Ji, produced, story & directed by Sanjay Khan Sahab } Shaktimaan as Mayaandri/Natasha in 1997. She know for her role in Dharti Ka Veer Yodha Prithviraj Chauhan as Prithviraj Chauhan's mother, Jhansi Ki Rani as Jankibai. and Zee TV's Bandhan as Meethi Viswaasrao patil. She is working on STAR Bharat`s Popular drama Kaal Bhairav Rahasya as Shakti Devi Thakur in 2018. She is also appeared in the movie Dal:The Gang,The Genius Of Beauty and Mumbai Matinee. She was last seen in Star Plus drama Kulfi Kumar Bajewala
Villablino
Villablino (Vitsablinu, in Leonese language) is a municipality in the province of León, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has 12,212 people.
John Chrysostom
John Chrysostom ( 347–407) was an Archbishop of Constantinople and an important Early Church Father. He is known for his powerful and persuasive words in preaching and public speaking. After his death in 407 C.E., he was given the Greek title "chrysostomos", meaning "golden mouthed" in English.
The Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches see him as a saint. He is also recognized by the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church as a saint. Western Churches, including the Roman Catholic Church, some Anglican Churches, and parts of the Lutheran Church, celebrate him by making 13 September a holiday. They also celebrate an Eastern feast day of 27 January. The Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria also recognizes John Chrysostom as a saint.
John is known mainly as a preacher in Christianity, as well as a theologian and liturgist.
Sarah McBride
Sarah McBride (born August 9, 1990) is an American LGBTQ rights activist and Democratic politician who is a member of the Delaware State Senate since 2020. She was the National Press Secretary of the Human Rights Campaign.
After winning the September 15, 2020 Democratic primary in the safe Democratic 1st Delaware State Senate district, she became the first transgender state senator in the country as well as the highest-ranking transgender official in the country.
In July 2016, she was a speaker at the Democratic National Convention, becoming the first openly transgender person to address a major party convention in American history.
On June 26, 2023, after Representative Lisa Blunt Rochester's earlier announcement that she would run for the U.S. Senate, McBride officially announced her candidacy for the U.S. House of Representatives. If elected, McBride would become the first openly transgender member of congress.
Personal life
In August 2014, McBride married Andrew Cray after he was diagnosed with terminal oral cancer. Four days after their wedding, Cray died from the disease.
William Deane
Deane was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) on 10 August 1982, a few weeks after being appointed to the High Court.
Universal City Station
Universal City Station (ユニバーサルシティ駅, ゆにばーさるしてぃえき) is a railway station of JR West in Konohana-ku, Osaka, Japan.
Reba McEntire
Albums
A list of albums from 1977 to 2010:
Segovia (disambiguation)
Segovia is a city in Spain.
Dubielno
Dubielno is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Papowo Biskupie, within Chełmno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.
Segovia (disambiguation)
Segovia may also refer to:
Ulrich von Hutten
Ulrich von Hutten was a German knight, poet and satirist. He was also a Protestant reformer. His most popular work is considered to be Letters of Obscure Man.
Alexandra Shipp
Alexandra Ruth Shipp (born July 16, 1991) is an American actress, singer-songwriter and musician. She is known for playing singer Aaliyah in the Lifetime television movie Aaliyah: The Princess of R&B (2014) and Kimberly Woodruff in the Oscar-nominated movie Straight Outta Compton (2015).
Shipp is best known for playing Storm in the X-Men franchise, starting with X-Men: Apocalypse, and Abby Suso in the 2018 romantic comedy Love, Simon.
Nudibranch
Nudibranchs are a widespread and successful group of marine Gastropod molluscs. The name means 'naked gills'. They are shelless and uncoiled Gastropods, famous for their brilliant colours. There are more than 3000 known species.
Nudibranchs are one of the groups which are informally known as sea slugs. This is a term which includes other Gastropod groups which look similar to nudibranchs. Sea slugs is an informal term; it is not a monophyletic group.
Biology
The body forms of nudibranchs vary greatly. They are opisthobranchs, a clade which shed their shells after the larval stage.
Unlike most other gastropods they are bilaterally symmetrical. They have undergone secondary detorsion. Most species have venomous appendages on their sides. These are used to deter predators. Many also have a simple gut and a mouth with a radula.
Unusually for molluscs, they lack a mantle cavity. Nudibranchs are hermaphrodite, and thus have a set of reproductive organs for both sexes, but they rarely fertilize themselves.
Most nudibranchs are carnivorous. Some feed on sponges, others on polyps, others on bryozoans, and some eat other sea slugs, or, on some occasions, members of their own species. Other groups feed on tunicates, barnacles, or anemones.
The surface dwelling nudibranch, Glaucus atlanticus is a specialist predator of jellyfish, such as the Portuguese Man o' War. This predatory mollusc sucks air into its stomach to keep it afloat and using its muscular foot it clings to the surface film. If it finds a small victim Glaucus simply envelops it with its large mouth, but if the prey is a larger siphonophore the mollusc nibbles off its fishing tentacles, the ones carrying the most potent nematocysts. Like some others of its kind Glaucus does not digest the nematocysts; instead, it uses them to defend itself by passing them from its gut to the surface of its skin.
Colours and defence
Among this group can be found the most colourful creatures on earth. In the course of evolution, sea slugs have lost their shell, and have developed other defence mechanisms. Their anatomy may resemble the texture and color of the surrounding plants, giving them camouflage (crypsis). Many have an intense and bright colouring, which warns that they are distasteful or poisonous (warning colouration).
Nudibranchs that feed on hydroids can store the hydroids' nematocysts (stinging cells) in the dorsal body wall. The nematocysts wander through the alimentary canal without harming the nudibranch. Then, the cells are brought to specific places on the creature's hind body. Nudibranches can protect themselves from the hydroids and their nematocysts. It is not yet clear how, but special cells with large vacuoles probably play an important role. They can also take in plants' chloroplasts (plant cell organelles used for photosynthesis) and use them to make food for themselves.
Another method of protection is the release of a sour liquid from the skin. Once the specimen is physically irritated or touched by another creature, it will release the slime automatically.
Taxonomy
The taxonomy of the Nudibranchia is still under investigation. Meanwhile, the nudibranchs are commonly divided into two main types, dorid nudibranchs and aeolid or eolid nudibranchs:
References
ウミウシ
Coco the Clown
Coco the Clown (or Theo de Kovel) is a clown character who is very famous in Britain and later became famous in America. Coco was not a whiteface clown but an auguste.This type of clown is supposed to be a bit stupid, so he gets teased by another clown who is supposed to be much cleverer. Coco always gets buckets of water thrown at him or custard pies in his face.
Theo de Kovel (or Polakovs) (1900–74) made the character of Coco the Clown famous. Later his son Elwin de Beer (1923-2009) made him famous in the Netherlands
After retiring from the circus, Nicolai Poliakoff toured schools in the UK as Coco promoting road safety. He had a walking stick in the shape of a Bolesha Beacon. For this work he was awarded the OBE by the Queen.
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Anything but Down
"Anything but Down" is a 1999 song by Sheryl Crow and is the third single from her third studio album The Globe Sessions. It went to number 11 in Canada, number 17 in Scotland, number 19 in the United Kingdom and number 49 in the United States.
Mill (grinding)
A grinding mill is a tool that is designed to break a solid material into smaller pieces. There are many different types of grinding mills and many types of materials processed in them.
Anything but Down
Track listings
US 7-inch single
Mill (grinding)
Small mills can be powered by hand, such as a mortar and pestle or a pepper grinder. Large grinding mills were usually powered by working animals, wind (windmill) or water (watermill) in the past. In the 2000s, most large grinding mills are powered by electricity.
Anything but Down
Track listings
UK CD1
Mill (grinding)
Mortar and pestle
People who need to grind a small amount of a food, such as spices or grain, for their own cooking often use a hand-powered mortar and pestle or a hand-powered grinder, such as a pepper grinder. In the 2000s, many people also used electric-powered grinding mills. These kitchen appliances have a metal blade that grinds the food into small pieces. Electric-powered grinding mills are often used for grinding nuts or coffee.
Anything but Down
Track listings
UK CD2
Richard Davalos
Richard Davalos (November 5, 1930 – March 8, 2016) was an American actor. He was known for his roles as Aaon Tusk in East of Eden and as Blind Dick in Cool Hand Luke. He was born in The Bronx, New York. His career began in 1953. He retired in 2008.
Davalos died on March 8, 2016 at a hospital in Burbank, California. He was aged 85.
Mill (grinding)
Grain mills
For thousands of years, humans have ground their grains (such as wheat or corn) into flour using grain mills powered by animals (such as oxen or horses), wind (windmills) or by running water from a stream or river (watermill). In the 2000s, most grain mills are powered by electricity.
Mechanical process
After grinding the state of the solid is changed: the grain size, and the grain shape. Also, there may be more or less crushing.
For process engineering, several things are important: increasing the surface area of the solid; making the solid have wanted grain size; and pulping the material to the desired state (squishing it).
Allegany County
Allegany County is the name of two counties in the United States:
Bologna F.C. 1909
League
Serie A Serie B Serie C1
Cups
Coppa Italia
International
Mitropa Cup UEFA Intertoto Cup Anglo-Italian League Cup
Villamanín
Villamanín is a municipality in the province of León, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has 1,161 people.
Eurovision Song Contest 2017
The Eurovision Song Contest 2017 (shortly ESC) was the 62nd edition of the Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in the International Exhibition Centre in Kiev, Ukraine, after Jamala won for Ukraine in 2016 in Stockholm, Sweden with her song "1944".
Ukraine hosted the contest for the second time after 2005. The competition was held from 9th to the 13th; the first semifinal was on Tuesday, May 9, the second semifinal on Thursday, May 11 and the grand final was on Saturday, May 13.
Venue
The contest happened in the International Exhibition Centre in Kiev. The venue holds 13,000 people and the venue will be rebuilt for the contest.
The ESC 2005, which was also held in Kiev, took place in the Palace Of Sports. This was also a possible venue for 2017, but might not fulfill today's demands.
Faiz Ahmad Faiz
Faiz Ahmad Faiz ( 13 February 1911 – 20 November 1984) NI, was an influential left-wing Urdu poet and intellectual from Pakistan. A notable member of the Progressive Writers' Movement (PWM), Faiz was an avowed Marxist and was a recipient of the Lenin Peace Prize awarded by the Soviet Union in 1962. Despite being repeatedly accused of atheism by the political and military establishment, Faiz's poetry, very popular amongst the masses, suggested his complicated relationship with religion in general and Islam in particular.
Eurovision Song Contest 2017
Venue
The following cities applied for being a host city:
Returning artists
Some artists participated in the contest before and will represent their country again or as a another role:
Semi-Final
Portugal and Romania will return; both quit last year's contest. Bosnia and Herzegovina, who returned in last year's contest, have quit this year because of financial difficulties.
On the 31th of October 2016 it was announced by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), that there will be 43 countries to participate in 2017.
First Semi-Final
The first semi final will take place on Tuesday, the 9th of May 2017. 18 countries will compete, the 10 countries with the most votes of them will qualify for the final.
The running order will be decided and announced when all the countries have selected their entry.
Immunity (medical)
Immunity is the ability of the body to defend itself from 'foreign bodies'. This means rejecting infections, clearing up dust which gets in the lungs, and killing cancer cells.
The second type is adaptive immunity, which does have a kind of 'memory'. It does give long-term protection against specific pathogens.
All animals, plants and fungi have some innate immunity. Vertebrates also have adaptive immunity.
People can be immunised from some diseases by having a vaccination (injection of some dead or weakened virus, or bacteria that causes the disease). Vaccination builds on the natural immune system to make a person resist certain diseases. By doing so, the body reacts more quickly to fight the virus/bacteria when it comes.
History of immunology
Immunology is a science that examines the structure and function of the immune system. The earliest known mention of immunity was during the plague of Athens in 430 BC. Thucydides noted that people who had recovered from a previous bout of the disease could nurse the sick without contracting the illness a second time.
Super Bowl 50
Super Bowl 50 (sometimes known with the Roman numeral as Super Bowl L) was an American football game in which the Denver Broncos, winners of the National Football Conference (NFC) for the 2015 season, beat the Carolina Panthers, winners of the American Football Conference (AFC) for the 2015 season, 24–10 to become winners of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2015 season. It was the third time the Denver Broncos had won a Super Bowl. It was played at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California on February 7, 2016. An estimated 167 million people watched it worldwide.
Immunity (medical)
History of immunology
In the 18th century, Pierre-Louis de Maupertuis made experiments with scorpion venom and observed that certain dogs and mice were immune to this venom.
This and other observations of acquired immunity was later exploited by Louis Pasteur in his development of vaccination and his proposed germ theory of disease. Pasteur's theory was in direct opposition to contemporary theories of disease, such as the miasma theory.
Eurovision Song Contest 2017
First Semi-Final
Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom will vote in this semi-final.
Falęcin, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
Falęcin, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
Falęcin [faˈlɛnt͡ɕin] (German: Dietrichsdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Papowo Biskupie, within Chełmno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south of Papowo Biskupie, 19 km (12 mi) south-east of Chełmno, and 21 km (13 mi) north of Toruń.
Immunity (medical)
History of immunology
It was not until Robert Koch's 1891 proofs, for which he was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1905, that microorganisms were confirmed as the cause of infectious disease. Viruses were confirmed as human pathogens in 1901, with the discovery of the yellow fever virus by Walter Reed.
Sebastian Brant
Sebastian Brant (or Brandt) (1458 – 10 May 1521) was a German humanist and satirist. He was also professor of jurisprudence in University of Basel. His moral satire Das Narrenschiff (Ship of Fools) published in 1494 made him popular German humanist.
Eurovision Song Contest 2017
Second Semi-Final
The second semi-final will take place on Thursday, the 11th of May 2017. 19 countries will compete, the 10 countries with the most votes of them will qualify for the final.
The Amityville Horror (2005 movie)
The Amityville Horror is a 2005 American horror movie. It is a remake of the 1979 movie. Ryan Reynolds plays George Lutz. Chloë Grace Moretz plays Chelsea Lutz. Melissa George plays Kathy Lutz.
Lloyds Bank
Lloyds TSB is one of world's largest banks. It is based on Gresham Street in the city of London and has business all over the world including the US, Europe, Middle East, Asia and Latin America.
Eurovision Song Contest 2017
Second Semi-Final
The running order will be decided and announced when all the countries have selected their entry. After a request of the Swiss TV-broadcaster SRF, Switzerland was directly determined to participate and vote in Semi-Final 2.
Lloyds Bank
In 2009 Lloyds TSB merged with HBOS (Halifax Bank of Scotland) to make Lloyds Banking Group, this now uses three brands on the high street, Lloyds TSB, Halifax and Bank of Scotland.
Eurovision Song Contest 2017
Second Semi-Final
France, Germany and Ukraine will vote in this semi-final.
Sial
Sial can also be:
The Amityville Horror (2005 movie)
The movie is set on Amityville, Long Island, New York in 1974. It was filmed in Chicago.
El Burgo Ranero
El Burgo Ranero is a municipality in the province of León, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 894 inhabitants.
Louis the Child
Louis the Child was born in September or October 893 in Altötting, Duchy of Bavaria, to king Arnulf of Carinthia and his wife, Ota.
He had at least two brothers: his elder, illegitimate brother Zwentibold, who ruled Lotharingia, and another brother named Ratold, who briefly ruled the Kingdom of Italy.
East Francia:
Louis was crowned in Forchheim on 4 February 900 at the age of six and reigned until his death aged 17 or 18.
The Amityville Horror (2005 movie)
The movie received negative reviews from critics. However, it made over $108 million overall in the box office
Louis the Child
Due to his young age and weak personal constitution, the reins of government were entirely in the hands of others - the nobles and bishops.
The most influential of Louis's councillors were Hatto I and Solomon III (bishop of Constance).
Lotharingia:
Immunity (medical)
History of immunology
Immunology made a great advance towards the end of the 19th century. Humoral immunity (antibodies) and cellular immunity (T cells and dendritic cells). were all recognised.
Particularly important was the work of Paul Ehrlich, who proposed the side-chain theory to explain the specificity of the antigen-antibody reaction; his contributions to the understanding of humoral immunity were recognized by the award of a Nobel Prize in 1908, which was jointly awarded to the founder of cellular immunology, Elie Mechnikov.
Humoral immunity
Humoral immunity is immunity that is done by macromolecules. Antibodies, complement proteins, and certain antimicrobial peptides are in extracellular fluids.
Cell-mediated immunity
This is an immune response which does not involve antibodies. Cell-mediated immunity is the activation of phagocytes, antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen.
Louis the Child
He appointed an East Frankish duke Gebhard to rule Lotharingia, alienating the Lotharingian nobility.
The Lotharingian nobility did not participate in East Frankish assemblies.
Magyar Invasions:
Martin Gilbert
Sir Martin John Gilbert, CBE, PC (25 October 1936 – 3 February 2015) was a British historian and honorary Fellow of Merton College, University of Oxford. He was the author of over eighty books, including works on the Holocaust and Jewish history.
Louis the Child
During his reign, the country was ravaged by Magyar raids. The Magyar army devastated Bavaria, the Duchy of Carinthia, and twice ravaged the Duchy of Saxony.
In 904, Louis invited Kurszán, the kende of the Magyars, to negotiations, but killed him and his delegation.
In 907, the Magyars inflicted a heavy defeat on the Bavarians in the Battle of Pressburg, killing the Margrave Luitpold and many high nobles.
Death and Succession:
Louis the Child died at Frankfurt am Main on 20 or 24 September 911, aged seventeen or eighteen.
The dukes of East Francia elected Conrad of Franconia, son of Gebhard, as the king, while the nobles of Lotharingia elected the Carolingian Charles the Simple as their king.
Legacy:
Louis the Child was the last East Frankish ruler of the Carolingian dynasty.
He was buried in the monastery of Saint Emmeram's in Regensburg, where his father Arnulf also lay.
Eurovision Song Contest 2017
Detailed list of participating countries
'' An internal selection of the national TV-station is a secret selection without a national final, where the pupilarity is able to vote. ''
Jeleniec
Jeleniec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Papowo Biskupie, within Chełmno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.
Melissa George
George was born in Perth, Western Australia.
Darfur
Darfur (Arabic دار فور, meaning "home of the Fur") is region of far western Sudan.
It borders the Central African Republic, Libya, and Chad. It is divided into three federal states within Sudan: Gharb Darfur (West Darfur), Janub Darfur (South Darfur), and Shamal Darfur (North Darfur). It is currently in the midst of an ongoing humanitarian crisis that developed from the conflict between Ganjaweed militias and rebel groups (namely the Sudan Liberation Movement and Justice and Equality Movement)
Geography and climate
Darfur covers an area of about 493 180 km² (196,555 miles²)—just over two-thirds the size of France and more than half the size of Kenya. It is largely an arid plateau with the Marrah Mountains (Jebel Marra), a range of volcanic peaks rising up to 3000 m (10,100 ft), in the center of the region. The region's main towns are Al Fashir, Nyala, and Geneina.
There are four main features of the physical geography. The whole eastern half of Darfur is covered with plains and low hills of sandy soils, known as goz, and sandstone hills. In many places the goz is waterless and can only be inhabited where there are water reservoirs or deep boreholes. To the north the goz is overtaken by the desert sands of the Sahara. A second feature are the wadis, seasonal watercourses ranging from small rivulets that flood only occasionally during the wet season to large wadis that flood for most of the rains and flow from western Darfur hundreds of miles west to Lake Chad. Many wadis have pans of alluvium with rich soil that are also difficult to cultivate. The west of Darfur is dominated by the third feature, basement rock, sometimes covered with a thin layer of sandy soil. Basement rock is too infertile to be farmed, but provides sporadic forest cover that can be grazed by animals. The fourth and final feature are the Marrah Mountains, that rise up to a peak at Deriba crater where there is a small area of temperate climate, high rainfall and permanent springs of water.
The rainy season is from June through September, transforming much of the region from dusty brown to green. Because much of the population of Darfur is agricultural, the rains are vital. In normal years, a crop is ready to be harvested by November. Once harvested, the dry stalks may be fed to domestic livestock. In the far northern desert, years may pass between rainfall. In the far south, annual average rainfall is 700 mm and many trees remain green year-round.
Economy and demography
Darfur has an estimated population of 7.4 million people. Darfur's economy is primarily based on subsistence agriculture, producing cereals, fruit and tobacco as well as livestock in the drier north. In addition to this, Darfur also suffers from frequent droughts during the summer and heavy rainfall in the winter. This has caused many farmers to provide inadequate crops causing the deaths of thousands of people.
Darfur Conflict
The Darfur conflict is an ongoing armed conflict between the Janjaweed militia group and the tribes of the region. The United Nations estimates that over 400,000 people have died since the beginning of this conflict.
Windmill (disambiguation)
A windmill is an engine powered by the wind to produce energy, often contained in a large building as in traditional post mills, smock mills and tower mills.
Windmill may also refer to:
Don Payne (writer)
Payne died from bone cancer on March 26, 2013 at his home in Los Angeles, California. He was 48 years old. He was outlived by his wife and children.
Lo Barnechea
Lo Barnechea is a commune and city of Santiago Province. According to the Chilean census in 2002, Lo Barnechea has an area of 1024 km2 and 74,749 people live there..
Anatole France
Anatole France (born François-Anatole Thibault, ; 16 April 1844 – 12 October 1924) was a French poet, critic, and novelist. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1921. He was a member of the Académie française.
Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
Ratified on January 17, 1919 and went into effect a year later, the Eighteenth Amendment (Amendment XVIII) of the United States Constitution banned the making, transporting, and sale of alcoholic beverages in the United States. The Volstead Act was passed by Congress to enforce the Eighteenth Amendment. It did not prohibit the drinking of alcohol however. It started the period in American history called the Prohibition Era. This was a period of mass civil disobedience to the law. Those who could afford the higher prices of smuggled liquor went to illegal bars called speakeasies. Working class people tended to drink moonshine and so-called bathtub gin at home. The Eighteenth Amendment proved to be a major failure. Americans started drinking more than before and it caused crime to rise significantly. The Eighteenth Amendment was later repealed by the Twenty-first Amendment. It remains the only amendment to be repealed by another amendment to the Constitution.
Text
"Section 1. After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited.
Anatole France
Literary career
Anatole France start his career as a parnassianism poet. Later he became an impressionist and he was an atheist. From 1867 he was a journalist. In 1881 he became famous with the novel Le Crime de Sylvestre Bonnard, membre de l'Institut. It's about an old scholar Sylvester Bonnard, Bonnard wants to make good, but he commits a crime. This novel won France a prize from the French Academy. In 1893 he captured the atmosphere of the fin de siècle in Les Opinions de Jérôme Coignard.
Pakistani nationality law
The Pakistani nationality law are the laws on citizenship of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. The main law on nationality, the Pakistan Citizenship Act, was passed by the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan on 13 April 1951. Pakistan is the only country in Asia with unconditional jus soli citizenship rights.
Anatole France
Literary career
France took a part in the Dreyfus Affair. He signed Émile Zola's manifesto supporting Dreyfus. Alfred Dreyfus was a French artillery officer and he was charged with high treason. In 1901 France wrote Monsieur Bergeret about this affair. He stood out against colonialism.
Pakistani nationality law
Citizenship
Before the creation of Pakistan, it was part of the British Indian Empire which also included India and Bangladesh. The people were British subjects. Pakistan was founded on 14 August 1947 as a state for Muslims. It was a Dominion in the British Commonwealth. Pakistan then included modern-day Bangladesh, which was known as East Bengal and East Pakistan. Bangladesh became independent from Pakistan in 1971. After independence in 1947, several millions of Muslims emigrated to Pakistan from India, and several millions of Hindus and Sikhs who had been living in Pakistan emigrated to India. This raised a number of citizenship issues.
Anatole France
Literary career
In 1921 he was awarded the Nobel Prize. He died in 1924 and he is buried near Paris in the Neuilly-sur-Seine community cemetery.
Pakistani nationality law
Pakistani Citizenship Act 1951
The Pakistan Citizenship Act became law on 13 April 1951. Its purpose was "to make provision for citizenship of Pakistan". The Act has been amended several times, the last time in 2000. The Act is divided into 23 sections, each one about a different provision of citizenship.
Dual Pakistani nationality
Since independence, many Pakistanis have moved to live in the Middle East, Europe and North America. This has led to several changes in Pakistani nationality law. Dual citizenship is allowed in certain cases:
Pakistanis with dual citizenship can not hold public office, sit in the assemblies, contest elections or join the Pakistani military.
Problems
Both Pakistan and India claim to the disputed region of Kashmir. This has been the subject of several wars between the two countries. The Pakistani Citizenship Act of 1951 allowed persons who were subjects of the state of Jammu and Kashmir to travel under a Pakistani passport and be considered a citizen of Pakistan.
Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
Text
Section 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress."
Pakistani nationality law
Problems
The independence of Bangladesh in 1971 led to around half a million "stranded Pakistanis". These people trace their heritage to the Bihar region. Despite official promises, Bangladesh refuses to accept them as citizens. Conversely, a continuous migration of Bangladeshis between 1971 and 1995 led their population increasing to more 1.6 million. There were only 10,000 at the time of separation. The migrants are mostly illegal and are not given the citizenship, as they migrated after the separation.
Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
Clauses
The first clause, section one, says the law was to go into effect one year from its ratification. It was passed by Congress on December 18, 1917. The thirty-sixth state (required number for passage) to ratify the amendment did so 394 days later on January 16, 1919. The forty-seventh state to ratify the amendment was New Jersey on March 9, 1922. Rhode Island was the only state to reject ratification of the 18th Amendment.
Pakistani nationality law
Problems
For political and other reasons, the 1.5 million registered Afghan refugees in Pakistan are not given Pakistani nationality, even though most of them were born in Pakistan.
Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
Clauses
The second clause gave the federal and state governments concurrent powers to enforce the amendment. Congress passed the national Prohibition Enforcement Act, also known as the Volstead Act. The act defined any beverage containing more than one-half of one percent an intoxicating beverage. It gave the Internal Revenue Service the power to enforce the law.
The third clause gave seven years as the time period for the states to ratify the amendment. This is the first amendment to have a limit on the time in which it was to be ratified. If it was not ratified by the required number of states in that time period, the amendment would not go into effect. Article Five of the United States Constitution requires an amendment be passed by three-quarters of the states. (36 out of the 48 states at that time.)
Background
During the 1820s intense religious and social movements spread across the country calling alcohol and drunkenness a "national curse." They were called temperance movements. The first state to have a temperance law was Massachusetts who in 1838 enacted a law prohibiting the sale of liquor in less than 15 USgal quantities. In 1846, Maine passed the first state prohibition law. It was repealed two years later, still, other states also passed similar laws.
After the American Civil War, immigrants, mainly from Ireland, Germany, Italy and other parts of Europe, crowded major cities by the millions. Many of these men worked hard and drank just as hard. Beer became a favorite drink and many German-Americans who knew how to brew beer began producing it in large quantities. By the 1870s, many wives and mothers who were completely dependant on their men, began to protest having their lives ruined by alcohol. They were joined by a number of clergymen. They organized as the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) and became a powerful force for change. They were joined by women such as Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. prominent in the suffrage movement (women's right to vote). The temperance movement was able to put political pressure on politicians that many were afraid of. The WCTU began calling for a nation-wide ban on alcoholic drink. At first, most Senators were against the idea. But they also did not want to be seen as voting against it. For this reason they imposed a deadline for ratification of seven years. Many hoped it would not be ratified. But the plan did not work since it was ratified just over a year after its passage.
Economics
Those who supported prohibition expected the sales of household goods and clothing to go up dramatically. Many expected real estate and rents to rise as bars closed and neighborhoods were cleaned up. Many producers of soft drinks, juices and chewing gum expected sales to go up as Americans had to find new ways of entertaining themselves. None of this happened. Instead, the unintended consequences proved to be a decline in amusement and entertainment industries across the country. Restaurants failed, as they could no longer make a profit without legal liquor sales. Theater revenues declined rather than increase, and few of the other economic benefits that had been predicted came to pass. Prohibition proved to be largely negative for the economy. Jobs in breweries, distilleries and bars were lost by the thousands. Truckers, waiters, barrel makers and many other related workers had large numbers of jobs lost. Perhaps the largest unintended consequence was the loss to the government in tax revenues. The state of New York lost almost 75 percent of its revenue. The federal government lost over $11 million in tax revenues while the cost to enforce it was over $300 million.
Loopholes
The prohibition laws had many loopholes (ways to get around the law) that were quickly taken advantage of. The biggest loophole was that neither the Eighteenth Amendment nor the Volstead Act made it illegal to drink or be drunk in public. Farmers who grew fruit quickly learned to sell their harvests in dehydrated bricks. The warning label included instructions on how to easily turn the bricks into alcoholic drinks. Pharmacists were allowed to prescribe whiskey for any number of ailments from anxiety to the flu. As bootleggers learned of this, the number of pharmacies tripled in places like New York state. Tools and ingredients to make alcohol at home were sold in hardware and grocery stores. Books on how to make liquor were also legal.
Crime
Drinking under prohibition did not stop, it simply went underground. In New York City alone there were thousands of speakeasy clubs. The mob made millions in illegal sales of alcohol on the black market. Most Americans simply ignored the law. The agents who enforced prohibition laws were poorly paid and were easily bribed. Gangsters made money and became powerful under prohibition. They even cooperated with one another in setting prices. Organized crime gained a national foothold due to prohibition. One of the better known gangsters was Al Capone. When Capone arrived in Chicago in 1920 he immediately saw the opportunities that prohibition offered. He organized illegal bootlegging on an international scale. He even controlled the distribution of his alcohol. He hired his own delivery trucks, salespeople, and his own heavily armed guards to protect his investments. Capone was making over $100 million a year. He had no trouble bribing all the politicians and law enforcement members in his district.
David di Donatello
The David di Donatello Award is a film award. It is presented each year by L'accademia del Cinema Italiano (ACI). There are 24 categories as of 2006.
Trophy
The trophy is a gold David statuette like Donatello's famous sculpture. It is on a square malachite base. A gold plaque shows the award category, year and winner.
The 1956 David awarded to Gina Lollobrigida for Beautiful but Dangerous was auctioned at Sothebys in 2013.
Nakanoshima Station (Osaka)
Nakanoshima Station (中之島駅,なかのしまえき) is a railway station of Keihan Electric Railway in Kita-ku, Osaka, Japan. The station name occasionally accompanies the secondary name Osaka International Convention Center.
Kucborek
Kucborek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Papowo Biskupie, within Chełmno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.
Andrés Segovia
Andrés Segovia Torres, 1st Marquis of Salobreña (21 February 1893 – 2 June 1987), was a virtuoso Spanish classical guitarist from Linares, Jaén, Andalucia, Spain. He was always known as Andrés Segovia.
He was one of the best known and most influential classical guitar personalities of the 20th century. He had a big influence on later guitarists, because of his performances and recordings, and his masterclasses. Important guitar works were dedicated to him by composers such as Federico Moreno Torroba.
Segovia led the development of the Spanish guitar as an instrument for classical art music. As well as works dedicated to him by modern composers, he also transcribed classical works originally written for other instruments. He is remembered for his expressive performances: his wide palette of tone, and his distinctive (often instantly recognizable) musical personality in tone, phrasing and style.
Segovia was especially fond of the compositions of the Brazilian musician Villa-Lobos. In the 1920s, Segovia met Villa-Lobos and commissioned a guitar study: the composer responded with a set of twelve, each taking a tiny detail or figure from Brazilian chorões (itinerant street musicians).
Two films were made of his life and work. They are available on DVD called Andrés Segovia – in Portrait. His final RCA LP record (ARL1-1602), Reveries, was recorded in Madrid in June 1977. In 1984, Segovia was the subject of a thirteen part series broadcast on National Public Radio, USA, entitled Segovia! The series was recorded on location in Spain, France, and the United States.
St Philip's Church (Hyderabad)
St Philip's Church is a Protestant (Anglican) church in Hyderabad, Sindh, in Pakistan. The church is administered by the Diocese of Hyderabad of the Church of Pakistan.
Gresham Street
Gresham Street is a street in the City of London, it is named after Thomas Gresham and runs from St. Martin's Le Grand near St Paul's Cathedral in the west, past Guildhall, to Lothbury in the east.
Bucket-wheel excavator
Bucket-wheel excavators (BWEs) are huge machines used for surface mining.
They are continuous digging machines in large-scale open cast mining operations. What sets BWEs apart from other large-scale mining equipment is their large wheel with a continuous pattern of buckets to scoop material as the wheel turns.
They are among the largest vehicles ever constructed. The biggest bucket-wheel excavator ever built, Bagger 293, is the largest terrestrial (land) vehicle in human history.
BWEs built since the 1990s, such as the Bagger 293, have reached sizes as large as 96 metres (314.9 feet) tall, 225 metres (738.2 feet) long, and as heavy as 14,200 metric tons (31.3 million lb). The bucket-wheel itself can be over 70 feet in diameter with as many as 20 buckets, each of which can hold over 15 cubic metres of material. BWEs are now capable of operating in extreme climates. Many BWEs have been designed to operate in climates with temperatures as low as -45°C (-49°F).
Niemczyk
Niemczyk is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Papowo Biskupie, within Chełmno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.
Staw
Staw is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Papowo Biskupie, within Chełmno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.
Axillary bud
An axillary bud is an embryonic shoot which is between the stem and petiole of a plant.
Lynda Bird Johnson Robb
She was chairwoman of the Board of Reading is Fundamental, the nation's largest children's literacy organization, as well as chairwoman of the President's Advisory Committee for Women.
She is a magazine editor who was First Lady of Virginia from 1982 to 1986, and as Second Lady of Virginia from 1978 to 1982. She is the oldest living child of a U.S. president, following the death of John Eisenhower on December 21, 2013.
She was known to have dated actor George Hamilton when her father was president.
Deafness
Deafness is when someone cannot hear at all, or cannot hear well. Deafness is also known as 'hearing loss'. There were many famous people who were deaf, such as Ludwig van Beethoven and Helen Keller.
Definition
A person is considered to be deaf if they cannot hear the same range of sounds as a person with normal hearing ability. People that cannot hear any sounds are also deaf. People who are partially deaf may hear some sounds and may hear words.
Carucedo
Carucedo is a municipality in the province of León, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2010 census (INE), 642 people lived there.
Deafness
Causes
There are different causes of deafness:
Categories of deafness
Generally, there are two views of deafness: These categories may overlap.