cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Unilateral disarmament
Nations do not often choose to dismantle their entire military capability. Unilateral disarmament is usually sought in one technical competency, such as weapons of mass destruction. Non-violent political movements from that of Mahatma Gandhi to the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament have recommended unilateral disarmament as a step toward world peace.
Love.Live.Life
Love.Live.Life is the third studio album by English hip hop group N-Dubz. It was released on 29 November 2010, as a collaboration by All Around the World and Island Records. Following the release of the album the group announced an long-term break to focus on solo projects.
Palomar College (NCTD station)
The Palomar College station is a Sprinter light rail line and a BREEZE bus station. It is served by North County Transit District. It is the main transport station in San Marcos, California. The bus pickup area is in Palomar College. The train station is across the street.
Vinbergs kyrkby
Vinbergs kyrkby is a locality in Falkenberg Municipality in Halland County in Sweden. In 2010, 208 people lived there.
Morihiro Hosokawa
Morihiro Hosokawa (細川 護煕) is a Japanese politician. He was the 79th Prime Minister of Japan from 9 August 1993 to 28 April 1994. He became known as the first non-Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) government leader of Japan since 1955. He ran as a candidate for Governor of Tokyo as an independent supported by the Democratic Party of Japan in February 2014.
Sean Hughes
Sean Hughes (born John Hughes; 10 November 1965 – 16 October 2017) was an English-born Irish stand-up comedian, writer and actor. He starred in his own Channel 4 television show Sean's Show and was one of the regular team captains on the BBC Two musical panel game Never Mind the Buzzcocks. He was born in London.
Hughes died on 16 October 2017 from cardiac arrest complicated by cirrhosis of the liver in London, aged 51.
Nina Turner
Nina Turner (born December 7, 1967) is an American progressive politician. Turner, a Democrat, served as a member of the Ohio State Senate from 2008 to 2014, and was elected to be the chamber’s Minority Whip in the 129th General Assembly.
Works
Turner has been seen as a rising star in the Democratic Party. She endorsed Bernie Sanders for the Democratic presidential nomination in 2016 and became an active supporter for him.
Turner is President of the Sanders-affiliated group Our Revolution in 2017, taking over from former Sanders campaign manager Jeff Weaver.
After Marcia Fudge was selected as Biden's nomination for Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, Turner filed paperwork to run for in the special election for Ohio's 11th congressional district. She lost the election to Shontel Brown. In January 2022, she said she would run against Brown in the Democratic primary for that same district's 2022 election cycle. She lost to Brown again in the May primary.
Rudi Faßnacht
Rudolf "Rudi" Faßnacht (28 December 1934 in Neu-Ulm in Bavaria – 25 July 2000 in Gonesse) was a German football manager.
Faßnacht coached MSV Duisburg. They finished 7th place in the 1970–71 Bundesliga.
Bradley Walsh
Bradley John Walsh (born 4 June 1960) is an English actor, comedian, singer, and television presenter.
People know him for his roles as Danny Baldwin in Coronation Street, DS Ronnie Brooks in Law & Order: UK, and Graham O'Brien in Doctor Who. Walsh also hosts the ITV game shows The Chase and Cash Trapped.
Walsh is a former professional footballer for Brentford.
Thesis
A thesis (plural: 'theses') is a document written in support of an idea that is presented for discussion or disputation. In modern usage it usually refers to a document presented as a requirement for an academic degree or professional qualification. It presents the author's research and findings. In the academic context it means the same as dissertation. The term dissertation can be used to describe an argument without relation to academic degrees. The term thesis may also be used for the central claim of an essay or other work.
Cayetano Paderanga Jr.
In his first term, Paderanga served under President Corazon Aquino. He was a member of the Monetary Board of the Central Bank of the Philippines from 1993 to 1999. He was also executive director for the Philippines in the Asian Development Bank (ADB) from 2001 to 2003.
Thesis
Thesis types
There are different types of thesis for different fields, for example, if you are an English major then for your thesis you may be asked to write a short story, a media student can be asked to submit a short film.
A graduate thesis is also known as graduate dissertation. A student may work with a member of the faculty who has specialized in the relevant field.
Cayetano Paderanga Jr.
Paderanga died in Taguig City, Philippines, from complications after heart surgery, on January 29, 2016. He was aged 67.
Thesis
Thesis types
A thesis may be much longer. In the French system, a thesis (PhD), also called "Doctorat" is generally far longer and is up to 500 pages long.
History
Originally, the words "dissertation" and "thesis" had separate meanings. When, at ancient universities, the professor had completed his lecture, there would be a disputation. During this, students could take up certain points and argue them. The position that one took during a disputation was the thesis, while the dissertation was the line of reasoning with which one supported it.
Etymology
The word "thesis" comes from the Greek, meaning "position", and refers to an intellectual proposition. "Dissertation" comes from the Latin dissertātiō, meaning "discourse".
Other websites
Tieteellisten yliopistotutkintojen opinnäytetyöt
The Seventh Seal
The Seventh Seal (Det sjunde inseglet) is a 1957 Swedish fantasy drama movie directed by Ingmar Bergman. It was based his own play. It stars Max von Sydow, Gunnar Björnstrand, Bengt Ekerot, Nils Poppe, Inga Landgré, Bibi Andersson, Åke Fridell, Inga Gill.
The theme of the film is a knight's return to his country at the time of the Black Death, that is, the plague in Europe of the Middle Ages. As he lands on the shore he meets the figure of Death in person. This is the scene of a famous chess-playing episode where the two play for the knight's soul. The game is unfinished. After bargaining with Death for a while, the knight sets out on his travels. The travels show the damage done by the plague to all aspects of life in the country. To some critics, the film is typical of the existentialist films of the mid-20th century.
The knight is the gaunt figure of Max von Sydow at the start of his long film career. He was one of the actors whose career started with working for the film's producer Ingmar Bergman.
Slug (rapper)
Sean Daley (born September 7, 1972) is an American rapper. He is better known by his stage names Slug or Sep Seven. He is best known for being the lead singer of the hip hop group Atmosphere.
Slug is from Minnesota. His stage name is a nickname that was given to him by his father. It was originally Sluggo by later shortened to Slug.
Slug has been involved in several projects. He formed Atmosphere in 1989. He worked with several other rap musicians in the late 1990s to form The Dynospectrum. They released an album, The Dynospectrum, in 1998. He formed another group, Deep Puddle Dynamics, in the same year. In 2000, Slug started Felt with Murs, another rap musician. They have released three albums.
Valdivia Province
The Valdivia Province (Provincia de Valdivia) is one of the two provinces in the Chilean region of Los Ríos (XIV). The capital of the province, and of the region, is the city of Valdivia.
Geography
The Valdivia province is in the northern half of the Los Ríos region with an area of 10197.2 sqmi. The capital, Valdivia, is in the western part of the province.
Valdivia is bordered to the north by the Cautín province (La Araucanía region), to the east by Argentina, to the south by the El Ranco province and to the west by the Pacific Ocean.
The main river in the province is the Valdivia river.
Kyle Stanger
Kyle Stanger (born 7 January 1997) is a British actor. He voiced Lumpy the Heffalump in Pooh's Heffalump Movie.
Valdivia Province
Climate
The climate of the Valdivia province, in the city of Valdivia, is an oceanic climate, Cfb (Marine West Coast Climate) in the Köppen climate classification.
The average temperature for the year in Valdivia is 12.3 °C. The warmest month, on average, is January with an average temperature of 17 °C. The coolest month on average is July, with an average temperature of 8 °C.
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Valdivia is 2489 mm. The month with the most precipitation on average is June with 414 mm of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is January with an average of 65 mm.
Population
(last national census), there were 259,243 people living in the province, giving it a population density of inhabitants/km². The urban population was 192,066 persons (74% of the total population).
The largest city of the province, in 2002, is its capital, Valdivia, with 127,750 inhabitants.
Administration
As a province, Valdivia is a second-level administrative division, consisting of 8 communes (comunas). The city of Valdivia serves as the provincial capital. The province is administered by a governor.
John Perry (philosopher)
John Richard Perry (born January 16, 1943) is an American philosopher and radio personality. He is a Henry Waldgrave Stuart Professor of Philosophy Emeritus at Stanford University and Distinguished Professor of Philosophy Emeritus at the University of California, Riverside.
He is known primarily for his work on situation semantics (together with Jon Barwise), reflexivity, indexicality, personal identity, and self-knowledge. Along with Kenneth Allen Taylor, he hosted Philosophy Talk.
Perry was born in Lincoln, Nebraska. He studied at Cornell University.
He was awarded the Jean Nicod Prize in 1999. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Carl-Henning Wijkmark
Carl-Henning Wijkmark (21 November 1934 – 4 September 2020) was a Swedish novelist and translator. He made his literary debut in 1972. He was known for his novel Jägarna på Karinhall.
George J. Laurer
George Joseph Laurer (September 23, 1925 – December 5, 2019) was an American engineer. He developed the Universal Product Code, commonly known as the barcode, in 1973. As an engineer at IBM, he was asked to develop the pattern used for the Universal Product Code.
Laurer died at his home in Wendell, North Carolina on December 5, 2019 at the age of 94.
Doha Tower
Doha Tower previously named as Burj Qatar and Doha High Rise Office Building, is a skyscraper in Doha, Qatar. It is 238 meters (780.8 feet) tall and has 46 floors. It was built in 2012.
Carob
The carob is a species of flowering evergreen tree in the pea family, Fabaceae. Its scientific name is Ceratonia siliqua L.
It is widely grown for its edible pods, and as an ornamental tree in gardens. The ripe, dried pod is often ground to carob powder, which is used to replace cocoa powder. Carob bars, an alternative to chocolate bars, are often available in health-food stores.
Names
The tree is known in English as carob tree, St John's-bread or locust bean (not to be confused with the African locust bean).
The word carob, used commonly for the fruit, comes from Middle French carobe (modern caroube), which borrowed it from Arabic خَرُّوبٌ (kharrūb, "locust bean pod").
Common names in some other languages are:
Ceratonia siliqua, the scientific name of the carob tree given by Carolus Linnaeus to this plant, comes from the Greek kerátiοn κεράτιον 'fruit of the carob (from keras κέρας 'horn'), and Latin siliqua "pod, carob".
The carat, a unit of mass for gemstones, and of purity for gold, takes its name, indirectly, from the Greek word for a carob seed, kerátion.
Archbishop of Canterbury
The Archbishop of Canterbury is the spiritual leader of the Church of England and in the Anglican Communion the leader of its mother church. He is the head of the Church, and lives in the English city of Canterbury. The Archbishop is chosen by the English monarch (the church's "supreme governor"), under guidance from senior bishops, acting in cooperation with the prime minister of the UK.
Differential scanning calorimeter
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), is an analysis tool widely used in materials sciences, thermochemistry, drug purity and food quality testing. Its speed and ease of operation give instant information about the thermodynamic characteristics that play an important role in understanding complex processes during the formation of substances; for instance, polymer cross-linking, heat exchange due to folding and unfolding of proteins or formation mechanism of single or double stranded DNA. The DSC was firstly invented in 1962 by E.S. Watson and M.J. O’Neil and made available to the market in 1963 at the Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy conference held in Pittsburgh.
Carob
Description
Most carob trees are dioecious (with separate male an female plants) but some are hermaphrodite. The male trees do not produce fruit. The trees blossom in autumn. The flowers are small and in an inflorescence axis in racemes like catkins; the pollination is by both wind and insects.
Differential scanning calorimeter
Physical Structure
The two most common types of differential scanning calorimeter, are heat flux DSC, which operates by keeping the heat supply to the system as constant and power-compensated DSC, which works by maintaining the power supplied to the calorimeter as constant. In general, a DSC calculates heat changes by measuring the temperature difference between the sample and reference holder. The typical design of the heat flux DSC can be seen from  Figure 1. It contains the sample holder, where the material of interest is placed, and the reference holder, which is generally kept empty. Both of these are placed on a support, which is in good contact with the walls of calorimeter. The heating resistor is attached to the boundary walls that enables one to obtain a furnace generating and keeping the required heat amount inside the enclosure. The thermocouple connected to both sample and reference holder is a measuring device that gives the temperature to be used in the analysis. Heat supplied by the heating resistor flows further into the sample and the reference materials chambers.
Theory
The simplest theoretical approach to understand the working mechanism of DSC’s is called the simplified linear model and makes use of the following assumptions:
Carob
Where it grows
It is generally found within 30-45°N and 30-40°S and from sea level to an altitude of 500 - 1000 m.
Differential scanning calorimeter
Theory
The Fourier’s law of heat conduction, which is the fundamental law explaining how the heat is transferred through materials can be used to see the relationship between the temperature and the heat flow in the system. This law states that the amount of heat energy passing through a small portion of an area (A) of a material, which is called heat flux density and denoted by is equivalent to thermal conductivity (k) multiplied by the change in the temperature with respect to position, which can be denoted as. This relationship in an equation form can be written as,
Carob
Where it grows
It has been introduced into regions with a similar Mediterranean climate.
Differential scanning calorimeter
Theory
Generally, in DSC a computer is used to supply heat at specific rate into both the reference and sample holders. When the sample holder contains a substance while the reference kept empty leads to either increase or decrease in temperature of sample holder denoted by (T_s) depending on the following processes:
Carob
Food
Carob eaten by humans is the dried (and sometimes roasted) pod. The pod have 5 to 18 hard brown seeds (10% of the pod weight) within a sweet thick pulp substance.
Carob is mildly sweet and is used in powdered, chip, or syrup form as an ingredient in cakes and cookies, and as a substitute for chocolate. Carob bars are widely available in health food stores. A traditional sweet, eaten during Lent and Good Friday, is also made from carob pods in Malta.
Differential scanning calorimeter
Theory
or
Archbishop of Canterbury
The office of Archbishop of Canterbury was founded in the year 597. In that year, Saint Augustine came to England, to the area called Kent. He had been sent by the Pope to convince the local people to become Christians. The people accepted him and Christianity when their King (Ethelbert of Kent) became a Christian. Augustine became the first bishop in the kingdom of Kent and was later recognised as archbishop when a second diocese was created. Since then, there has been an Archbishop at Canterbury in Kent.
Carob
Food
Carob pod meal is used as an energy-rich feed for livestock, particularly for ruminants, though its high tannin content may limit its use.
Differential scanning calorimeter
Theory
Hence, based on this simple model it turns out that there is a direct proportionality(K) between the heat flow and the temperature variations of the sample. This proportionality constant is dependent on the distance from the wall to the sample shown as (Δx), the cross section area of the support (A) and the thermal conductivity (k). Generally, the main results of the DSC experiment is an output signal of heat flow rate as a function of temperature, which are called DSC curves. Analysis of these curves plays an important role in determination of heat of transformation, heat of reactions or any changes in heat capacity due to temperature variations, for instance, the enthalpy of exothermic and endothermic processes can be determined by finding the area under the DSC curve using a mathematical technique called integral calculus.
Carob
Syrup, drinks
In Cyprus, carob syrup is known as Cyprus's black gold, and is widely exported. In Malta, a syrup (ġulepp tal-ħarrub) is made out of carob pods. Carob syrup is also used in Crete as a natural sweetener, and is considered a natural source of calcium. It contains three times more calcium than milk. It is also rich in iron, phosphorus, and natural fibers (Due to its strong taste, it can be found mixed with orange or chocolate).
Ornamental
C. siliqua is widely planted in the horticultural as an ornamental plant for planting in Mediterranean climate and other temperate regions around the world, as in California and Hawaii. The plant can be used as a dense and large hedge.
Archbishop of Canterbury
The Archbishop of Canterbury used to be head of the Roman Catholic Church in England, but in the early 16th century the English church broke away from the Roman church. The new church called itself the Church of England, and now the Archbishop is the leader of that church. The current Archbishop is Justin Welby (from 2013).
Justin Welby (formerly the Bishop of Durham) became Archbishop on 21 March 2013.
Carob
Production
According to FAO, the top carob-producing countries are (in metric tonnes, 2012): Source: UN Food & Agriculture Organisation (FAO)
(F) = FAO estimate
Differential scanning calorimeter
Evaluation of lipids and fats
Food quality control is one of the most important issues for human health care and well-being. There has been reported many unlawful practices with regard to food products, specifically adulteration of some highly priced vegetable oils and fats. Adulteration is an action of mixing low quality and sometimes harmful ingredients with food products intended to be sold. In this field, DSC is used to analyze the thermal behaviour of lipids mainly by two processes, the cooling process, which reports information about the crystallisation and the heating process, which gives information on the melting behaviour of the building blocks of lipids. The adulteration in fats or oils changes the DSC cooling and heating curves. For example, new peaks appear and existing peaks undergo changes. Hence, analysis of DSC data can be used in estimation of adulteration process on nutrients.
Drug purity
DSC has gained quite a lot interest in drug purity investigation because it requires samples with low quantity (1–2 mg) and is considerably fast in terms of analysis time. For instance, by monitoring the effects of foreign substances, it can be found to what extent a drug is pure. It turns out that impurities decrease the melting temperature (T_m) of the drug. In addition, melting temperature can also be used to estimate the thermal stability of drugs, because the higher the (T_m) the more stable is the protein. Therefore, DSC allows instant monitoring of this temperature leading to much easier and faster way of controlling the drug quality.
1999 New Zealand general election
The 1999 New Zealand general election was held on 27 November 1999. The governing National Party, led by Prime Minister Jenny Shipley, was defeated, being replaced by a coalition of Helen Clark's Labour Party and the smaller Alliance.
Tsutomu Hata
Tsutomu Hata (羽田 孜) was a Japanese politician. He was the 80th Prime Minister of Japan for 9 weeks in 1994. He was a member of the lower house representing Nagano 3rd district. He was elected 14 times, retiring in 2012.
Hata died on 28 August 2017 in Tokyo from problems caused by dementia at the age of 82.
Vito Acconci
Acconci died at his apartment in Manhattan, New York on April 28, 2017 from a stroke, aged 77.
Buena Creek (NCTD station)
The Buena Creek station is a Sprinter light rail station. It is served by North County Transit District. Although the address is in Vista, it is actually just in a unincorporated area of San Diego County.
Law & Order: UK
The series starred originally starred Bradley Walsh, Freema Agyeman, Jamie Bamber, Ben Daniels, Harriet Walter and Bill Paterson.
New Zealand Young Labour
Young Labour (Te Rangatahi Reipa) is the youth wing and student wing of the New Zealand Labour Party. It hosts an annual conference and many national events, includingsessions at the Labour Party's annual conference. All Labour Party members aged 15 to 30 years old are members of Young Labour.
People In Need
People in Need (PIN, Člověk v tísni in Czech) is a Czech organization that does relief work and creates development projects around the world. It works in regions that are in crisis. At the same time, it supports human rights and democratic freedom. PIN is a nonprofit and non-governmental organization.
PIN cooperates with many other organizations such as: Alliance 2015, the Czech Forum for Development Cooperation (FoRS), the European Union Monitoring Center (EUMC), UNHCR, UNICEF, and many others.
PIN had a budget of over 13 million of Euro in 2008 and about 500 staff all over the world. ). It works or worked in more than 40 countries.
PIN organizes the One World Film Festival each year to show human rights documentaries.
The organization was founded in 1992 by Šimon Pánek and by Jaromír Štětina. Pánek had been a student activist during the Velvet Revolution. Štětina was journalist who wrote about wars.
Relief and Development Department
The Relief and Development Department of PIN helps victims of natural disasters and wars, works against poverty worldwide, and supports universal education. In 2009, the Relief and Development Department was working in eighteen countries in Asia (for example Afghanistan, Cambodia , Sri Lanka ), Africa (e.g. Ethiopia , Angola , Namibia ) and Europe (e. g. Romania , Ukraine, Czech Republic ). Programs focus on education, health care, clean drinking water, hygiene, and support for jobs that can continue for a long time.
Other Departments
PIN has had programs to fight against poverty and social exclusion in the Czech Republic since 1999. They helped people from poor areas with housing, unemployment, or debt problems. Social Integration Programmes (SIP) started in 2006 and now works in more than 50 cities and towns in the Czech Republic. PIN also offers informative and educational programs in schools to teach about poverty and migration.
Criticism
People in Need has been active in Chechnya and Ingushetia since 2000. In 2005, the Russian weekly Argumenty i Fakty claimed the organization supports Chechen separatist and terrorists. PIN said it did not. Then, Russia made the organization leave, but PIN was allowed back in 2007.
FSH
FSH may refer to:
Håbo-Tibble kyrkby
Håbo-Tibble kyrkby is a locality in Upplands-Bro Municipality in Stockholm County in Sweden. In 2010, 256 people lived there.
Daphne Caruana Galizia
Daphne Anne Caruana Galizia (Vella; 26 August 1964 – 16 October 2017) was a Maltese journalist and blogger. She was known for her work as an investigative journalist and revealing controversial sensitive information, including reports and allegations related to the Panama Papers.
She was born as Daphne Anne Vella on 26 August 1964 in Sliema, Crown Colony of Malta. She studied at University of Malta. Her career began in 1987. She was married to Peter Caruana Galizia from 1985 until her assassination in 2017. They have three sons.
Caruana Galizia was assassinated by a car bomb explosion close to her home in Bidnija on 16 October 2017. The perpetrator is currently unknown. She was 53 years old.
|Invicta: The Life and Work of Daphne Caruana Galizia
Insubordination
Insubordination is when people do not obey an authority. In the military, for example, insubordination is when a serviceman or servicewoman disobeys the orders of a higher-ranking officer.
In civil life, a person may refuse to obey a law or order that he or she thinks is wrong. This is called civil disobedience.
Languages of Iran
Languages spoken in the Islamic Republic of Iran belong to several language families, the major ones being the Indo-European languages spoken by majority of Iranians and the Turkic languages spoken by many significant minority of Iranians. The other language families are Afro-Asiatic, Caucasian and Dravidian. The Persian language, which belongs to Iranian branch of Indo-European language family, is the official language and lingua franca of Iran.
Ethnic population
Although it has been estimated thats sixty-one to sixty-five per cent of Iran's population is ethnically Persian, the largest non-Persian groups are Azeris, who make up sixteen per cent of the population, and Kurds, who make up seven to ten per cent, and thirty-five to thirty-nine per cent of Iran's population is non-Persian,  these estimates include the Gilakis and Mazanderanis in the Persian population. As of 2003, the ethnic classifications are estimated as: 51 percent Persians, 24 percent Azeris, 8 percent Gilakis and Mazanderanis, 7 percent Kurds, 3 percent Arabs, 2 percent Lurs, 2 percent Balochis, 2 percent Turkmens, and 1 percent other groups–Armenians, Jews, Assyrians, Qashqais, Shahsavan, and others.
Constition
The current language policy of Iran is addressed in Chapter Two of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Articles 15, 16). It asserts that the Persian language is the lingua franca of the Iranian nation and as such, required for the school system and for all official government communications. In addition, the constitution recognizes the Arabic language as the language of Islam, giving it formal status as the language of religion and regulating its spread within the Iranian national curriculum.
Due to the nation's social and ethnic diversity, the constitution also acknowledges and permits the use of minority languages in the mass media as well as within the schools, in order to teach minority-language literature.
Evaluation
Iran is a culturally diverse country composed of many ethnicities, religions, and languages. According to Minority Rights Group (MRG), though minorities may account for half of Iran’s population, a homogenous national identity rooted in the Persian language and Shi’a Islam has long been imposed upon Iranian citizens, with the effect of the repression, exclusion and marginalization of minority communities. Moreover, despite provisions in Iran’s constitution to the contrary, the use of minority languages in the country is repressed in all aspects of public life, from the media to education. Minority-language publishing houses have found their offices sealed off in recent years.
Linguistic rights in Iran
One can purchase newspapers, books, music tapes, and videos in Azerbaijani and Kurdish, and there are radio and television stations in ethnic areas that broadcast news and entertainment programs in even more languages. Considerable publication (book, newspaper, etc.) taking place in the two largest minority languages in the Azerbaijani and Kurdish languages, and in the academic year 2004–05 B.A. programmes in the Azerbaijani language and literature (in Tabriz) and in the Kurdish language and literature (in Sanandaj) are offered in Iran for the very first time. In addition, Payame Noor University, which has 229 campuses and nearly 190,000 students throughout the country, in 2008 declared that Arabic will be the "second language" of the university, and that all its services will be offered in Arabic, concurrent with Persian.
Regional and local radio programmes are broadcast in Arabic, Armenian, Assyrian, Azerbaijani, Balochi, Garmsiri, Georgian, Persian, Kurdish, Mazandarani, Turkmen, and Turkish.
Indo-European languages
Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family make up 78% of the population of Iran, but the Armenian branch included in the group that includes less than 1% population of the Iran. Iranian languages are including Persian, Luri, Kurdish, Gilaki and Mazanderani, and Balochi. The largest group of people in present-day Iran are Persians who speak dialects of the language called Farsi in Persian. The Luri-speaking Lurs live in northern Fars and southern Zagros and Kurdish-speaking Kurds live in the Zagros mountains, north of the Lurs, up to and over the frontiers with Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan. While, Gilaki and Mazanderani speakers live in the region of Gilan and Mazandaran in northern Iran, and the Balochi speakers live in southeastern Iran.
Azerbaijan also had an Iranian language called Āḏarī before the spread of the Turkic language, commonly called Azerbaijani, in the region. Also there are small Iranian languages in Iran including Achomi, Tati, Talysh, Gorani, Semnani, Bashkardi, Garmsiri, Sorkhei and Sangsari.
Since the mid-19th century, Armenians had their own schools where Armenian was the only language of instruction and Persian and French were taught as foreign languages. The closure of these schools and their limited reopening have damaged the Armenian language. The Armenian spoken in Iran are Eastern dialect.
Turkic languages
Turkic langauges and dialects make up 18% of the population of Iran. Only in few other regions (Caucasus and Southern Siberia) one can find a nearly comparable diversity of Turkic languages as in Persia. The number of their speakers varies from several thousands to several millions. Altogether, one-sixth of today’s Iranian population is turcophone or bilingual.
In Iran, there are two distinct branches of Turkic: Oghuz Turkic languages and dialects that represent the southwestern branch of Turkic, and Khalaj, which presents a tiny branch of its own. Most widely spoken is Azerbaijani. Turkic languages and dialects of Iran icluded Azerbaijani, Qashqai, Khorasani Turkic, Turkmen, Central Oghuz dialect varieties, Sonqori, Afshar and Khalaj. Hendrik Boeschoten gives the following estimates for speakers of Turkic languages in Iran, with a total population then of 62 million: Azerbaijani, 13 million; Qashqai, 570,000; Khorasani Turkic, 400,000; Turkmen, 500,000; Khalaj, 28,000. However, Bulut in 2005, estimates 40,000 for Khalaj.
The Iranian Azerbaijanis who commonly known as Iranian Azeris, are a Turkic-speaking people of mostly Iranian origin and de Planhol described Azerbaijani as a Turkic language learned and spoken by Iranian peasants.
Afro-Asiatic languages
Among Afro-Asiatic languages, Arabic speakers make up 2% of the population of Iran, while Aramaic/Assyrian and Hebrew are in the group that includes less than 1%. In Iran, the Afro-Asiatic languages included the Arabic, Aramaic and Hebrew, and all of them are belongs to Semitic branch.
First Aramaic and then Arabic had considerable contact with Iranian languages. Their impact differs. Aramaic was made the official language of communication by Achaemenid ruler Darius the Great, and hence is referred to as Imperial Aramaic, which considerably contributed to the success of the empire. It initiated a literary tradition that continued into Middle Iranian times, finally to be replaced by the various literary languages. Aramaic dialects continued to be spoken in the northwestern regions of Persia by small Christian and Jewish communities, and left their reflexes in the local Jewish-Iranian dialects and local varieties of Judeo-Persian. By contrast, Arabic had become the new administrative and religious-scientific superstrate language after the conquest of Persia in the mid-7th century, when Arabic tribes and administrative groups began to settle throughout Greater Iran for some three hundred years. Of these, only few pockets have remained in eastern and southern Persia, and until recently they had remained virtually unstudied.
Although, after the Arab invasion of Persia in the 7th century, many Arab tribes settled in different parts of Iran, it is the Arab tribes of Khuzestan that have retained their identity in language and culture to the present day and there was a great influx of Arab-speaking immigrants into the province from the 16th to the 19th century, including the migration of the Banu Kaʿb and Banu Lam.
Caucasian languages
Among Caucasusian languages, Georgian and Circassian included in the group that includes less than 1% population of the Iran. Many thousands of Georgians and Circassians, who were transplanted to Iran by Safavid ruler Abbas the Great were peasants, and they were settled in villages in the Iran hinterland. According to A. F. Stahl, by the early 1900s Georgians were intermarrying with Persians. However, most of them continued to speak Georgian, as is indicated by Basil Nikitin. Circassian was also once widely spoken by the large Circassian minority, but, due to assimilation over the many years, no sizable number of Circassians speak the language anymore.
Dwight Anderson
Dwight Anthony Anderson (December 28, 1960 – September 5, 2020) was an American professional basketball player. He was born in Dayton, Ohio.
Anderson was selected by the Washington Bullets in the 2nd round of the 1982 NBA draft. He played one season for Denver Nuggets from 1982 to 1983. Anderson also spent several seasons in the Continental Basketball Association.
Anderson died on September 5, 2020 at the age of 59.
Blues scale
The blues scale is a hexatonic scale with minor pentatonic scale. But because blues notes (or blue notes) have a different form, there can be no one blues scale. As named in contemporary jazz theory, its use is based on the key and not the chord, unlike some chords in jazz. The semitone differences for a blues scale are 3-2-1-1-3-2 for instance- C-Eb-F-F#-G-Bb-C
Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton
Camp Pendleton or Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton is the major West Coast military base of the United States Marine Corps. It is in San Diego County, California next to Oceanside, San Clemente, Cleveland National Forest, Orange County, Riverside County and Fallbrook.
The number of soldiers (that are not reservists), is 42,000.
The base is 125,000 acres (506 km2).
Before World War II
The area that is now known as Camp Pendleton was explored by the Spanish, and many missions were created in the area. The most famous one is Mission San Luis Rey de Francia, which is in modern-day Oceanside (just 1.5 miles south of Camp Pendleton). The area was also owned by farmers, and a successful cattle industry was run by a wealthy British landowner named John (Don Juan) Forster.
In 1914 Pendleton was assigned to Camp Howard, North Island, San Diego. Right away he saw the value of the area's good weather and harbor. He lobbied Congress and Marine Corps Headquarters for a permanent Marine base on the West Coast.
World War II
In the early 1940s, both the United States Army and United States Marine Corps were looking for a large base. The Army stopped caring about the project. The Marine Corps announced on February 1942 that the Camp Pendleton area would become the largest Marine Corps base in America. They purchased Rancho Santa Margarita las Flores for $4,239,062. Because the base was at first considered to be a temporary base, the buildings were built to minimum standards. The base was then mainly used for training.
Aang
Aang is a fictional character and the main hero in Nickelodeon's television series Avatar: The Last Airbender. The character was made by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko and voiced by Zach Tyler Eisen. He has a part in all the episodes of Avatar, except "Zuko Alone" (7th episode of Book 2). Aang is also in the first episode, "The Boy In The Iceberg". Aang appears in other media, like trading cards (a card that is collected), video games,  T-shirts, and web comics.
Aang is the last Airbender. They were the only race of people who could control the air. He is 112 years old. He has not become older because he had been frozen in an iceberg for 100 years, and is still like a 12 year old, because he used Avatar State to protect himself and his bison. In the second show, it is discovered that Aang is the living form of the Avatar. This is the spirit of the planet in human form. As the Avatar, Aang controls the elements and must keep the Four Nations at peace. The show follows Aang's journeys to do this.
Creation
Aang's character was created by Bryan Konietzko. The sketch showed a middle-aged man with an arrow on his head. Konietzko changed the character into a picture of a child with a flying bison. At the same time, Michael Dante DiMartino was interested in a documentary about explorers trapped in the South Pole. The idea caused the pair to think: "There's an air guy along with these water people trapped in a snowy wasteland...and maybe some fire people are pressing down on them..."
- Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko
The plot they described relates with the first and second episodes of the series, where the "water people" (Katara and Sokka) find the "air guy" (Aang) while "trapped in a snowy wasteland" (the Southern Water Tribe) with "some fire people [that] are pressing down on them" (Fire Navy and Zuko). The creators of the show made Aang to be frozen in an iceberg for 1000 years. He was to wake inside a futuristic world, where he would have a robot named Momo and a flying bison named Appa. The creators lost interest in the theme, and changed it to 100 years of suspended animation. The robotic Momo was changed to a flying lemur, and the herd of bison was reduced to one.
Airbending, the element that Aang mainly uses in the show, is based on Baguazhang, an "internal" Chinese martial art. This fighting style focuses on circular movements, and does not have many finishing moves. These characteristics were meant to show the unpredictability of air and the peaceful nature of Airbenders in the show.
In the episode "Tales of Ba Sing Se" (the 15th episode of second season), Aang’s name was written as 安昂 (ān áng) in Chinese.
In the series
The creators of the show call each season a "book" and each episode a "chapter"; each of these books was take the name of element that Aang must control, except the air. Flashbacks also reveal events that happened before the show opened. In a flashback during "The Storm", Aang remembered the day when elder monks told him that he was the Avatar. Monk Gyatso, Aang's teacher and father-figure, said that Aang must be raised as a normal child. Nearing the end, the monks began to believe that Gyatso interfered too much, so they decide to send Aang to the Eastern Air Temple. Aang refuses to be torn away from his mentor; he writes a note for Gyatso before flying away on his bison, Appa. It is revealed in the first episodes of the show that a violent storm catches Aang and sends him into the ocean during his escape. Aang then enters the Avatar State, unknowingly, for the first time to encase himself and Appa in a frozen air bubble. An image of this air bubble, resembling an iceberg, ends the flashback.
After the 100 years he was in the iceberg with his bison, the story starts when Katara and her brother Sokka free Aang and Appa in the first episode. In the next episode, they all started the trip to the Northern Water Tribe, with hope to find a waterbending master to teach Aang and Katara how to control the water. During their journey they are chased by Zuko, the banished prince of the Fire Nation, who must capture the Avatar to return his honor. In one episode, Aang meets his previous incarnation, Avatar Roku (born on Fire Nation), who said him that he must learn all four bending arts and win Fire Lord Ozai before the end of summer. When the team, named team "Avatar", arrived in the Northern Water Tribe, a Waterbender named Master Pakku teaches Aang (and later Katara) waterbending. Later, in the second season, Aang meets Toph Bei Fong, a blind earthbending, who becomes his earthbending teacher. Later, Aang and his friends learn about the solar eclipse, which will occur before the end of the summer, and will block the Firebenders powerless. During the season finale, a guru tried to teach Aang how to open up his seven chakras in order to control the Avatar State. When Aang has a vision of Katara being in danger, he leaves the Air Temple where he is being taught before the seventh chakra is opened, locking it. He then battles in the underground caverns of Ba Sing Se. He is killed when Azula strikes him with lightning, but is brought back to life thanks to Katara's special water that has healing abilities, and also her healing abilities.
In the third season, Aang and his friends had to win a new enemy - an killer hired by Zuko who shoots with his third eye. Aang and his friends from Earth Kingdom attack the Fire Nation capital during the solar eclipse, but the invasion failed because Azula knew about it. In the next episode, Zuko offers to teach Aang firebending. Aang accepts, despite the group's strong opposition. In "The Firebending Masters" (the 13th episode of third season) Aang learns firebending with the help of the last two dragons.
Characteristics
- Michael Dante DiMartino
Aang is a vegetarian, as shown in "The King of Omashu" (the 5th episode of first season) and "The Headband" (the 2nd episode of third season) when he refuses to eat meat since the Air Nomads taught him that life is holy. Aang states a reluctance to fight in "The Spirit World (Winter Solstice, Part 1)"; Aang hopelessly negotiates with a spirit who is destroying a village instead of fighting. Due to his non-violent nature, he also shows ethical reluctance refusing to killing Firelord Ozai, and eventually strips Ozai of his bending instead of killing him. In the show, Aang has a complex network of friends extending over all four nations.
Aang, in "The Storm" (the 12th episode of first season), said that he wishes he had been there to help Air Nomads a century ago, but would rather live a child's carefree life. Many times in the show, Aang shows how much he cares for those are close to him. He also showed that he can act immaturely, and once tried to deceive others in order to keep the group together. In "Bato of the Water Tribe" (the 15th episode of first season), Aang thinks Katara and Sokka might leave to visit their father. Aang hides the map showing their father's whereabouts and lies about having it in the first place.
In some episodes, he shows flight abilities with airbending. One technique for this is to make a sphere of air and ride on it, which Aang calls the Air Scooter. Other methods of flying include his glider, and Appa. In the Avatar State, Aang can also fly inside a ball of air.
Reception
In the show's intended demographics, Aang has been received very well. Kendall Lyons said that, "Aang seems to be the happy kid that you can easily familiarize yourself with", and that he "seems to bring comfort in the most dangerous or trouble situations." There are many similar descriptions about Aang as a childlike character who is "reckless and excitable". Reviews point out that "as the Avatar, Aang seems unstoppable, but as Aang, he is just another like an airbender". The review says later that the show continues to focus on a more realistic character instead of a perfect one by showing many weaknesses in his character.
Other media
Aang's character showed in the Avatar: The Last Airbender Trading Card Game. He is 1 of the 4 characters of Avatar: The Last Airbender video game, a video game based on the first season of the show. Two sequels were made: Avatar: The Last Airbender - The Burning Earth, a video game based on the second season of the show, and Avatar: The Last Airbender - Into the Inferno, a video game based on the third season. Avatar T-shirts, some with Aang's face on them, are being sold on the Nickelodeon Shop website. Tokyopop has published a films comic (sometimes referred to as cine-manga), in which Aang is the main character, like in Avatar: The Last Airbender.
Jamie Bamber
People know him for his roles as Lee Adama in Battlestar Galactica, and Detective Sergeant Matt Devlin in Law & Order: UK.
Personal life
Bamber is married to actress Kerry Norton. The couple have three daughters: Isla and identical twins Darcy and Ava.
Aang
Other media
In 2008, M. Night Shyamalan, a film director, cast 12-year-old Tae Kwon Do practitioner Noah Ringer as Aang in the film adaptation of the series, The Last Airbender. The casting of a white actor in the role of Aang (as well as a primarily Caucasian cast) in the Asian-influenced Avatar universe triggered negative reactions from some fans marked by accusations of racism, a letter-writing campaign, and a protest outside of a Philadelphia casting call for movie extras. The casting decisions were also negatively received by several critics who stated that the original casting call expressed a preference for Caucasian actors over others.
Gordon Cormier will play the character in the Netflix live-action remake of the series.
Order of the Defender of the Realm
The Order of the Defender of the Realm (Darjah Yang Mulia Pangkuan Negara) is a Malaysian federal award given for people providing great service to the country. The motto of the order is "Dipeliharakan Allah-Pangkuan Negara" (Thanks to God the Defender of the Kingdom).
The order was first distributed on August 6, 1958. It had five ranks. The medal was added on August 19, 1960.
Administrative divisions of New York (state)
The administrative divisions of New York are the parts of the government that gives services in the State of New York. There are boroughs, counties, cities, townships called "towns", and villages.