cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Hamlet
Plot
Hamlet is a young prince in Denmark who was supposed to become king when his father (also named Hamlet) died. Instead, Hamlet's uncle Claudius took the throne for himself and married Hamlet's mother, Gertrude. Hamlet meets a ghost of his dead father, who tells him that he was poisoned by Claudius. The ghost demands that Hamlet kill Claudius in revenge.
Anton Pfeffer
International career
Pfeffer made his debut for Austria in an April 1988 friendly match against Greece. He was a participant at the 1990 and 1998 FIFA World Cup. He earned 63 caps, scoring one goal. His last international was the 0-9 demolition by Spain in a European Championship qualification match in March 1999.
Hamlet
Plot
Hamlet is at first not sure whether to believe the ghost, so he tries to investigate. He pretends to be mad to hide what he is doing. As the play goes on, it becomes hard to tell if Hamlet is actually mad or still just pretending. His behaviour causes him to fall out with Ophelia, a girl he was in love with. He eventually has the idea of getting some actors to put on a play about a king being killed, in the same way that the ghost described, to see how Claudius reacts. Claudius panics when he sees the play, and Hamlet sees this as proof that his uncle is a murderer.
Hamlet has a chance to kill Claudius in the castle chapel, but cannot bring himself to do it. He instead visits his mother, and they have an argument because Hamlet is unhappy that she married Claudius. Someone moves behind a curtain and Hamlet, thinking it is Claudius, stabs him. It turns out that he has killed Polonius, a royal advisor and Ophelia's father. Claudius orders Hamlet to be exiled to England. He sets up a plot to have Hamlet killed, but Hamlet escapes and returns to Denmark. Meanwhile, Ophelia has been suffering from madness after falling out with Hamlet. After learning that he has killed her father, she drowns herself. Hamlet arrives at Ophelia's funeral and gets into a fight with her brother Laertes. Laertes blames Hamlet for the deaths of his sister and father, and wants revenge. He challenges Hamlet to a swordfight. Hamlet agrees.
The swordfight is arranged to take place at the castle. To get Hamlet killed, Claudius gets Laertes to fight with a sword that has poison on the blade, and brings some poisoned wine in case this does not work. The swordfight begins. After some fighting, Laertes wounds Hamlet and poisons him. After more fighting, they drop their swords and Hamlet ends up fighting and wounding Laertes with the poisoned sword. Laertes shows regret for what he has done and tells Hamlet about the poison as he dies. Meanwhile, Gertrude drinks the poisoned wine by mistake and dies. Realising that he is also dying, Hamlet stabs Claudius with the poisoned sword and forces him to drink the rest of the wine. In his last moments, Hamlet tells his friend Horatio that Fortinbras, a Norwegian prince, should be named as the next King of Denmark.
Anton Pfeffer
After the career
Pfeffer has also developed a folk singing career. He released two collections of Austrian folk songs. He currently works as one of Sky Austria's main football experts.
Hamlet
Characters
The characters in the story are:
Anton Pfeffer
Honours
Austria Wien
Hamlet
Acting Hamlet
Hamlet is one of the hardest parts for an actor to perform. It is one of the largest roles written by Shakespeare. Many people disagree about what Hamlet is really thinking. For many actors, playing Hamlet is one of the most important parts of their career.
Hamlet in movies
There have been many movies made of the play. Most of them show only part of the play, because the entire play is very long. Some of the most famous movies include:
The Kingston Trio
The Kingston Trio was a folk music group from Palo Alto, California who were popular in the 1950s and 1960s.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a guide to grouping mental disorders. It is published by the American Psychiatric Association. It is used in the United States and around the world by doctors, researchers, health insurance companies, companies which make medicine, and others.
There have been five revisions since it was first published in 1952. Each time, more mental disorders were added, although some have been removed and are no longer seen as mental disorders. An example of this is homosexuality.
The manual was developed from systems for collecting census and psychiatric hospital statistics, and from a manual written by the US Army. A lot of changes were made to it in 1980. The last time it was greatly changed was the fourth edition ("DSM-IV"), published in 1994, but small changes to text were made in a 2000 version. The fifth edition ("DSM-5") was published May 2013.
The DSM has been criticized for being too influenced by the drug industry.
The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, ICD, has a section about mental and behavioral disorders which is different from the DSM. The ICD, not the DSM, is the system used by the United States government.
Houssen
Houssen is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.
Granada
Granada is a Spanish city, capital of the province of Granada, in Andalusia. With 233,000 inhabitants, it is an important artistic and cultural center. The city has many famous monuments, such as the Alhambra, the Cathedral, the Alcaiceria, and the Corral del Carbon. It is near Sierra Nevada, the highest mountain range in Spain, in the valley where the Genil and Darro rivers meet. The Darro runs through the Albaicin and the Sacromonte, two charming historical areas of the city.
Realejo
Realejo is where the Jewish people of Granada lived for hundreds of years. In 1492, Isabella of Castile forced the Jewish people of Granada to leave Spain. Now, it is known for its street art and food.
Cartuja
Cartuja is named after an old monastery in this district. The area also contains many buildings that are part of the University of Granada.
Bib-Rambla
This district is named after a big, important gate built by the Nasrid dynasty. The name means "Gate of the Ears." Bib-Rambla is in the middle of the city, and it has many important landmarks like the cathedral.
Sacromonte
The Sacromonte is in the northern half of Granada, near the Albaicin. It is famous for the Romani people that have lived there. It has many houses made from caves dug into the hill. It is famous for flamenco dancing, as well as its views of the Alhambra.
Zaidin
Zaidin is an area in the far south of Granada. It has the most people of any district in Granada.
Fagaceae
The family Fagaceae, also called beech family, is a family of flowering plants. It has about 900 species of evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs. They have alternate simple leaves with pinnate venation, unisexual flowers in the form of catkins, and fruit in the form of nuts.
All the oaks, beeches and chestnuts are in this family.
Riccardo Garrone
Riccardo Garrone (1 January 1926 – 14 March 2016) was an Italian movie actor. He appeared in over 150 movies since 1949. He worked in comedy movies. He was known for his roles in La Dolce Vita, The Dinner, and in Girl with a Suitcase.
Garrone died in Milan, Italy on 14 March 2016 from heart failure. He was aged 90.
Masa languages
The Masa languages are a branch of Chadic languages. There are fewer than 20 that are still spoken. They are spoken in Chad and Cameroon.
Branches
The Masa languages listed in Blench (2006) are:
Community (ecology)
In ecology, a community is the living things in a place. It may mean a group of living things that are not dependent on other communities. It may mean a small group, such as the living things in a piece of dead wood. Populations of many species make up a community. A community with its physical and chemical environment makes an ecosystem. Each population may have an effect on other populations in the community in different ways (called symbiosis).
Relations between species
In consumption, one living thing eats another. Three kinds of consumption are predation, herbivory, and parasitism. In predation, one animal, the predator, kills and eats another animal, the prey. In herbivory, an animal called an herbivore eats a plant, either in part or in whole. In parasitism, a parasite lives on another living thing, the host. The parasite eats small parts of tissue or nutrients from the host, but usually does not kill it.
Brit milah
Brit milah is the Jewish ritual circumcision ceremony performed on eight-day-old male babies. The foreskin is cut off from the end of the penis. The operation is carried out by a person called a mohel, a ritual circumciser, who has been trained and qualified for this task.This ceremony is important for many Jewish people as it is a symbol of the covenant that God made with Abraham. A special role on a Bris have the Sandek (Godfather), he hold the baby at the ceremony
Religious toleration
Religious toleration is people allowing other people to think or practice other religions and beliefs. In a country with a state religion, toleration means that the government allows other religions to be there. Many countries in past centuries allowed other religions but only in privacy. This has become rare. Others allow public religion but practice religious discrimination in other ways. It allow to follow and practice.
Richard Wiseman
Richard J. Wiseman (born 17 September 1966) is a British humanist, psychologist and writer. He was a Professor of the Public Understanding of Psychology at the University of Hertfordshire in the United Kingdom. He has written several best-selling popular psychology books that have been translated into over 30 languages.
Nikolai Andreev
Nikolai Andreev (born in Russia) is a Russian mathematician and popularizer of mathematics.
Biography
Nikolai is the Head of the Laboratory for Popularization and Promotion of Mathematics at the Steklov Mathematical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow). He received a Ph.D. in mathematics from Moscow State University in 2000. Among his many highly valued projects by the Russian mathematical community is the creation of the online resource Mathematical Etudes.
In the years 2000 and 2001 he participated in the International Mathematical Olympiad.
Awards
Prize of the President of the Russian Federation in the Area of ​​Sciences and Innovations for Young Scientists (2010)
Gold Medal of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2017) for outstanding achievements in science popularization
Leelavati Award (2022) for his contribution to the art of mathematical animation and mathematical model building, in a style that inspires young and old alike, and that mathematicians around the world can adapt to its many uses, as well as well as for his tireless efforts to popularize genuine mathematics among the public through videos, lectures, and an award-winning book
Alfred Bader
Alfred Robert Bader, CBE (April 28, 1924 – December 23, 2018) was a Canadian chemist, businessman, philanthropist, and collector of fine art. He was called by the Chemical & Engineering News poll of 1998 to be one of the "Top 75 Distinguished Contributors to the Chemical Enterprise" during C&EN's 75-year history.
Pavo (bird)
The male is called a peacock, the female a peahen.
The males are very colorful, and they have very long train feathers (or tail feathers), which they can move up like a fan. Females are less colorful, and do not have the long train-feathers. Both the male and the female have a little "crown" of feathers on their head. Males show their train feathers to court a female peafowl, or to scare other animals away by making them afraid.
Peafowl are omnivorous and eat plant parts, flower petals, seeds, insects, and small vertebrates, like reptiles and amphibians.
Fereshteh Taerpour
Fereshteh Taerpour (4 February 1953 – 17 August 2021) was an Iranian movie producer. She was born in Tehran. Her career began in 1982. She was best known for writing the screenplay for the 1999 comedy Once Upon a Time. She also wrote children's books, one of which, Adventure of Ahmad and Sara.
From 1982 to 1991 she was the Head of Writing and Editorial Center of the Institute for the Intellectual Development of Children and Young Adults in Tehran.
Taerpour died on 17 August 2021 in Tehran from COVID-19 at the age of 68.
Octobass
A octobass is a musical instrument. It is a giant bass with three strings. It is played with a stick like a double bass. It has the deepest sound of any string instrument. There are only seven octobass in the world and they are mostly in museums. The only full working octobass is the one in the Montreal symphony orchestra, making it the only orchestra in the world to have a octobass.
Cuenca
Cuenca is a Spanish city, capital of the Cuenca province, in Castile-La Mancha. Around 50,000 are living there. It is famous for its monuments: The hanging houses, the Cathedral and other churches. It is located over the Jucar river, near the Serrania of Cuenca.
Reign
A reign is the period of time that a monarch (a king, queen, emperor, etc.) rules over a country. It can also be the period of time that a spiritual leader rules in a particular office. For example, the reign of a pope, dalai lama, patriarch etc. A reign can also be used for an office or championship. In many cases a reign lasts until the monarch (or leader) resigns, dies, or is removed. A monarch's reign was sometimes used to mark time officially. In Anglo-Saxon England for example, many royal documents were dated by the regnal year of the king. This lasted until about the 10th century.
Current Longest Reigning Monarchs
Some of the longest reigning current monarchs are:
Some of the longest reigning monarchs of all time are:
Shortest Reigning Monarchs in History
Some of the shortest reigns in history are:
Aarau
Aarau is the capital of the northern Swiss canton of Aargau. The city is also the capital of the district of Aarau. Most of the people in the municipality speak German. To the west of Aarau is the canton of Solothurn. It is the third-largest city in Aargau after Wettingen and Baden.
Geography and Geology
The old city of Aarau lies on a rocky cliff where the Aar river valley narrows at the southern foot of the Jura mountains. Newer parts of the city can be found farther south of the river valley. The neighboring municipalities are Küttigen to the north, Rohr and Buchs to the east, Suhr to the south-east, Unterentfelden to the south, and Eppenberg-Wöschnau and Erlinsbach to the west. Aarau and the other municipalities have merged over the years. The only exceptions are Unterentfelden and Eppenberg-Wöschnau to the south, whose places are divided from Aarau by the large forests of Gönhard and Zelgli.
Prehistory
A few artifacts from the Neolithic period were found in Aarau. Near the location of the present train station, the ruins of a settlement from the Bronze Age (about 1000 BC) have been excavated. The Roman road between Salodurum (Solothurn) and Vindonissa passed through the area, along the route now covered by the Bahnhofstrasse. In 1976 divers in the Aar found part of a seven-meter wide wooden bridge from the late Roman times.
Middle Ages
Aarau was founded around 1240 A.D. by the counts of Kyburg. The first certain reference to the city dates to 1256. The town was ruled from the "Rore" tower, which has been incorporated into the modern city hall.
In 1415 Bern invaded lower Aargau with the help of Solothurn. Aarau capitulated after a short resistance, and was forced to swear allegiance to the new rulers. In the 16th Century, the rights of the lower classes were abolished. In March 1528 the citizens of Aarau allowed the introduction of Protestantism at the urging of the Bernese. A growth in population during the 16th Century led to taller buildings and more dense construction methods. Early forms of industry developed at this time; however, unlike in other cities, no guilds were formed in Aarau.
Starting in the early 18th century, the textile industry was established in Aarau. German immigration contributed to the city's favorable conditions, in that they introduced the cotton and silk factories. These highly educated immigrants were also responsible for education reform and the enlightened, revolutionary spirit that developed in Aarau.
1798: Capital of the Helvetic Republic
On December 27, 1797, the last Tagsatzung of the Old Swiss Confederacy was held in Aarau. Two weeks later a French envoy continued to foment the revolutionary opinions of the city. The contrast between a high level of education and a low level of political rights was particarly great in Aarau, and the city refused to send troops to defend the Bernese border. By Mid-March 1798 Aarau was occupied by French troops.
On March 22, 1798 Aarau was declared the capital of the Helvetic Republic. It is therefore the first capital of a unified Switzerland. Parliament met in the city hall. On September 20, the capital was moved to Lucerne.
Aarau as canton capital
In 1803, Napoleon ordered the fusion of the cantons of Aargau, Baden and Fricktal. Aarau was declared the capital of the new, enlarged canton of Aargau. In 1820 the city wall was torn down, with exception of the individual towers and gates, and the defensive ditches were filled in.
The wooden bridge, dating from the Middle Ages, across the Aar was destroyed by floods three times in thirty years, and was replaced with a steel suspension bridge in 1851. This was replaced by a concrete bridge in 1952. The city connected to the Swiss Central Railroad in 1856.
The textile industry in Aarau broke down in about 1850 because of the protectionist tariff policies of neighboring states. Other industries had developed by that time to replace it, including the production of mathematical instruments, shoes and cement. Beginning in 1900, numerous electrical enterprises developed. By the 1960s, more citizens worked in service industries or for the canton-level government than in manufacturing. During the 1980s many of the industries left Aarau completely.
In 1802 the Canton School was established; it was the first non-parochial high school in Switzerland. It developed a good reputation, and was home to Nobel Prize winners Albert Einstein, Paul Karrer, and Werner Arber, as well as several Swiss politicians and authors.
The purchase of a manuscript collection in 1803 laid the foundation for what would become the Cantonal Library, which contains a Bible annotated by Huldrych Zwingli. More newspapers developed in the city, maintaining the revolutionary atmosphere of Aarau. Beginning in 1820, Aarau has been a refuge for political refugees.
The urban educational and cultural opportunities of Aarau have been extended through numerous new institutions. A Theater and Concert Hall was constructed in 1883, which was renovated and expanded in 1995-96. The Aargau Nature Museum opened in 1922. A former cloth warehouse was transformed into a small theater in 1974, and the alternative culture center KIFF (Culture in the fodder factory) was established in a former animal fodder factory.
Origin of the name
The earliest use of the place name was in 1248 (in the form Arowe), and probably referred to the settlement in the area before the founding of the city. It comes, along with the name of the River Aar (which was called Arula, Arola, and Araris in early times), from the German Au, meaning floodplain.
Old city
The historic old city forms an irregular square, consisting of four parts (called Stoecke). To the south lies the "suburb", that is, the part of the town formerly outside the city wall. One special characteristic of the city is its painted gables, for which Aarau is sometimes called the "City of beautiful Gables".
The buildings in the old city originate, on the whole, from building projects during the 16th century, when nearly all the Middle Age period buildings were replaced or expanded. The architectural development of the city ended in the 18th century, when the city began to expand beyond its (still existing) wall. Most of the buildings in the "suburb" date from this time.
The "Schlössli" (small Castle), Rore Tower and the upper gate tower have remained nearly unchanged since the 13th century. The "Schlössli" is the oldest building in the city. It was already founded at the time of the establishment of the city shortly after 1200; the exact date is not known. City hall was built around Rore Tower in 1515.
The upper gate tower stands beside the southern gate in the city wall, along the road to Lucerne and Bern. The jail has been housed in it since the Middle Ages. A Carillon was erected in the tower in the middle of the 20th century, the bells for which were provided by the centuries-old bell manufacturers of Aarau.
The town church was built between 1471 and 1478. During the Reformation, in 1528, its twelve altars and accompanying pictures were destroyed. The "Justice fountain" (Gerechtskeitbrunnen) was built in 1634, and is made of French limestone; it includes a statue of Lady Justice made of sandstone, hence the name. It was originally in the street in front of city hall, but was moved to its present location in front of the town church in 1905 due to increased traffic.
Economy
The people that give the most jobs in Aarau is the canton government; most of their offices can be found throughout the city.
One of the two head offices of the Aargauer Zeitung, Switzerland's fifth largest newspaper, can be found in Aarau.
Kern & Co., founded in 1819, was an internationally known geodetic instrument manufacturer based in Aarau. However, it was taken over by Wild Leitz in 1988, and was closed in 1991.
More than half of the workers in Aarau live in the city's suburbs, or on the outskirts of the city. Aarau gets some jams of cars and buses sometimes during rush hour (the time of day when everyone leaves work to get home).
Things made in Aarau are: bells, mathematical instruments, electrical goods, cotton textiles, chemicals, shoes, and other products.
Mario David
Mario David (born 13 March, 1934) is a former Italian football player. He has played for Italy national team.
International career statistics
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Heat sink
A heat sink is an object that cools another part that is too hot. It works with a CPU fan to do this. The heat sink is in contact with the part that should be cooled. It takes heat away and dissipates it, for example into the air around it.
Heat sinks are found in most computers. The chips inside a computer can get very hot. Therefore, they need to be cooled, so that they don't break. This is usually done with a heat sink. Heat sinks are also found in most high fidelity audio amplifiers.
Dissipador
Charlie Daniels
Charles Edward "Charlie" Daniels (October 28, 1936 – July 6, 2020) was an American country singer-songwriter and musician. He played a fiddle and country rock music. His best known song was "The Devil Went Down to Georgia".
He was honored into the Cheyenne Frontier Days Hall of Fame in 2002, the Grand Ole Opry in 2008, the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum in 2009, and the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2016.
Daniels was born in Wilmington, North Carolina. Daniels was married to Hazel Daniels from 1963 until his death. They had a son, Charlie Daniels, Jr., and three grandchildren.
Daniels died from a stroke on July 6, 2020 in Nashville, Tennessee at the age of 83.
Newberry County, South Carolina
Newberry County is a county in the state of South Carolina, United States. As of the 2010 census, 37,508 people lived there. Its county seat is Newberry.
Tim Roberts
Timothy "Tim" Roberts (December 27, 1976 – January 7, 2015), also known by his ring names "The Arsonist" or "El Piromaniaco" Tim Arson, was an American professional wrestler. He made his first wrestling appearance in 2001, and was signed by both WWE and Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW). He was trained by Johnny Rodz. He competed in shows and tournaments over the United States and Puerto Rico.
Roberts was born in Staten Island, New York City.
Roberts died on January 7, 2015 in Haskell, New Jersey, aged 38.
Gerd Bollmann
Gerd Friedrich Bollmann (28 September 1947 – 17 September 2017) was a German politician. He was born in Wanne-Eickel, Herne. He was a member of the SPD. In the German Bundestag he was one of the top voted SPD members in Germany's national parliament, where he represant the Herne-Area.
Bollmann died on September 17, 2017 at the age of 69.
The Grass Is Greener
The Grass Is Greener is a 1960 British romantic comedy movie directed by Stanley Donen and starring Cary Grant, Deborah Kerr, Robert Mitchum, Jean Simmons. The movie is based on the 1956 play of the same name written by Hugh Williams and Margaret Vyner and was distributed by Universal Pictures.
Uzbek literature
Uzbek literature refers to the literature in Uzbekistan with additional literary works by the other parts of Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan people of Central Asia.
History
It has been influenced by Russian and Turkish literatures and it is predominantly written in Uzbek language with its roots in Chagatai language. In Uzbek literature, Chagatai plays an important role as a reference to Central Asian literature.
Lithium nitrate
Lithium nitrate is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is LiNO3. It contains lithium and nitrate ions.
Properties
Lithium nitrate is a colorless solid. It makes a red flame when heated. It is an oxidizing agent. It breaks down when heated into lithium oxide, nitrogen dioxide, and oxygen.
Preparation
This metal can be made by reacting lithium, lithium hydroxide, lithium oxide, or lithium carbonate with nitric acid.
Uses
Lithium nitrate is used in fireworks to make a red color. It is also used in flares.
Bias
Bias means that a person prefers an idea and possibly does not give equal chance to a different idea. Bias can be influenced by a number of factors, such as popularity (for example, a newspaper might be biased towards a particular political party due to their employees sharing the same political beliefs as that party).
Bias in an article or editorial would show one point of view, using selected facts and quotes to support that point of view. Facts or opinions that do not support the point of view in a biased article would be excluded. For example, an article biased toward riding a motorcycle would show facts about the good gas mileage, fun, and agility. An article biased against motorcycle riding would show facts about risk of injury and noise, and ignore positive facts about motorcycles.
An article biased against guns would show only facts and information that support the author's position. They would list suicides, accidental shootings and other facts showing guns in a negative way. An article biased for guns should show only information that supports the author's position. The positively biased article would discuss 'lives saved' by guns, numbers of crimes prevented by civilian gun use, and other facts and data that put gun ownership and guns in a good light.
Bias in writing can also be shown by using bad or slang words to refer to groups of people or things. "Broads" rather than "women"; "murdercycles" rather than "motorcycles". Words or phrasing that make wide assumptions about races or groups of people also indicates bias. "All Chinese people are good at math".
Bias also means mistakes in measurements. For example, a person may measure the height of another person wearing shoes. The shoes make the height more than the same person without shoes. If the extra height of the shoes (extra bias) was not explained, someone might think that the person had been measured without shoes on. Data with extra parts not explained is called biased data.
The Killers
The Killers are an American rock band. It was formed in Las Vegas in 2001 by Brandon Flowers (lead vocals, keyboards, bass) and Dave Keuning (lead guitar, backing vocals). The band's members (as of 2020) are Flowers, Mark Stoermer (bass, rhythm guitar, backing vocals) and Ronnie Vannucci Jr. (drums, percussion). Stoermer and Vannucci Jr. joined The Killers in 2002. The band's name is from a logo on the bass drum of a band shown in the music video for the New Order song "Crystal".
The band has released six successful studio albums: Hot Fuss (2004), Sam's Town (2006), Day & Age (2008), Battle Born (2012), Wonderful Wonderful (2017), and Imploding the Mirage (2020). They have also released a B-sides and rarities compilation, Sawdust (2007); a live album, Live from the Royal Albert Hall (2009); a greatest-hits album, Direct Hits (2013); and a Christmas compilation, Don't Waste Your Wishes (2016).
The Killers are considered one of the biggest rock bands of the 21st century, and the most successful act to ever emerge from Nevada, selling more than 28 million records worldwide, including 10.8 million in the US alone. They have performed in over 50 countries and on six continents, headlining venues such as Madison Square Garden, Wembley Stadium and Glastonbury Festival (2007 and 2019).
On August 4, 2017 It was announced that Dave Keuning had left The Killer after 15 years with the band. He left so he could make music alone.
Former members
Timeline
B cell
B cells are lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. Once the B cell is activated, it turns into a plasma cell, and starts producing antibodies. They are a vital part of the adaptive immune system. They have a protein on the B cell's outer surface known as a 'B cell receptor'. This allows a B cell to bind to a specific antigen.
The main functions of B cells are:
Recently, a new, suppressive function of B cells has been discovered.
In mammals, immature B cells are formed in the bone marrow, hence their name.
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), or Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), or Islamic State, (IS) is a Wahhabi jihadist militant and terrorist group. In Arabic it is often called "Daesh". It operates in Libya, Nigeria, Syria and a small part of northern Iraq. It is influenced by the Wahhabi Sect of Islam. It claims the status of independent state for the territories under its control in Iraq, Libya, Nigeria, and Syria. It is opposed to Shiism and has been described as "Shiaphobic".
The group was started in the early years of the Iraq War and associated itself with Al-Qaeda in 2004. ISIL was composed of different insurgent groups. Its aim was to establish a caliphate in the Sunni majority regions of Iraq, later expanding this to include Syria. In February 2014, after an eight-month power struggle, Al-Qaeda cut all ties with ISIL.
ISIL is millenarianist, meaning it believes that society is going to change a lot, and everything we know will end soon. The group recruits new members by promising them sex slaves or cheap marriages.
Fighting
At the height of the Iraq War, ISIL was in the Iraqi provinces of Al Anbar, Ninawa, Kirkuk, most of Salah ad Din, parts of Babil, Diyala and Baghdad. It claimed Baqubah as its capital. In the ongoing Syrian Civil War, the group has a large presence in the Syrian governorates of Ar-Raqqa, Idlib and Aleppo.
In 2013, a letter and an audio recording of Ayman al-Zawahiri, the leader of al-Qaeda, was leaked to Al Jazeera. In it, al-Zawahiri disbanded the Syrian faction of ISIL. The group's leader, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, opposed this ruling on the basis of Islamic law. The group has since continued to operate in Syria. Starting in April 2013, it made rapid military gains in large parts of Northern Syria, where the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights described them as "the strongest group". They have sought publicity by releasing videos of the decapitation (beheading) of journalists and other prisoners of war mainly done by member Jihadi John. He was killed in November 2015.
Worldwide Caliphate
In June 2014, it announced a worldwide caliphate. In 2014, ISIL successfully fought in a large-scale offensive in Iraq. After this offensive, ISIL is reported to have seized control of most of Mosul, the second biggest city in Iraq, its surrounding Nineveh province, and the city of Fallujah. In the spring of 2015 ISIL fought for control of Tikrit, the administrative center of the Salah ad Din Governorate.
Bureau Junction, Illinois
Bureau Junction is a village in Illinois in the United States.
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
Worldwide Caliphate
In spring of 2016 the Army of Iraq took back Fallujah. At the end of 2016 the army took back Ramadi in Al Anbar Province, and in early 2017 Iraqi government forces retook Mosul. In October, Raqqa, the former headquarters, fell.
Film
The 2014 film The Blue Man, which is related to The New York Times article titled "Uncovering Iraq's Horrors in Desert Graves" written by John F. Burns, also mentions mass killings of Shia Muslims by the Islamic State between 2003 to 2006.
Osteocephalus alboguttatus
The whitebelly tree frog (Osteocephalus alboguttatus) is a frog. It lives Ecuador in the Amazon Basin. Scientists have seen it as high as 600 meters above sea level.
The adult male frog is about 34 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is about 35-46 mm long. This frog is brown in color with large white spots and a white belly. It has light brown color on its sides. The young frogs have cream-colored stripes. The iris of the eye is green-gold in color with black marks.
This frog lives in open places, forests, and banana farms.
The scientific name of this species comes from the Latin words albo for "white" and gutta for "spot."
Mariannette Miller-Meeks
Mariannette Jane Miller-Meeks (born September 6, 1955) is an American physician and politician. She is a member of the United States House of Representatives since 2021.
She was a Iowa State Senator for the 41st district from January 2019 to January 2021. She was the 2020 Republican nominee for Iowa's 2nd congressional district following the retirement of incumbent Democrat Dave Loebsack. She beat Democratic nominee Rita Hart by six votes in the 2020 election.
André Conte
Conte was arrested in January 2021 for allegedly being the leader of Anonymous Panamá, hacking the Panamanian National Police's computer servers and making a Denial-of-Service attack on the Ministry of Education's computer. He was placed under house arrest and ordered not to use the internet and delete all his social media platforms. His trial is pending.
Foul ball
In baseball, a foul ball is any hit ball that goes in foul territory, which is the area of the field not in between the bases (when looking from home plate to the pitcher's mound), without first going beyond the bases nearest to home plate, or being touched by a player, umpire, or an object not part of the ground while on or over fair territory (which is the part of the field that is not foul territory).
Each foul ball is a strike against the batter, except when this would result in the batter being struck out. The batting team can not score on a foul ball unless the batter flies out.
Other sports
Other bat-and-ball games have things that are similar to foul balls. For example, some forms of street cricket, like bete-ombro, penalize the batter if the ball goes behind them, which gives the batter 180 degrees of fair playing area, rather than the 90 degrees of fair playing area in baseball.
Kerlouan
Kerlouan (Kerlouan) is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistère department in the northwest of France.
Turkey at the Olympics
Turkey sent athletes to the Olympic Games for the first time in 1908. It has sent athletes to of the Summer Olympic Games since then. Turkey has been a part of most Winter Olympic Games since their first in 1936. Turkish athletes have won a total of 82 medals. They have won 37 golds, 23 silvers and 22 bronzes. Turkey won the most medals in wrestling.
The National Olympic Committee for Turkey was created in 1908. It was accepted by the IOC in 1911. Istanbul wants to host the 2020 Summer Olympics.
Abadia de Goiás
Abadia de Goiás is a city in the state of Goiás, Brazil. Its estimated that the population in 2010 was  6,868.
Chloe Dykstra
Chloe Frances Dykstra (born September 15, 1988) is an American model and actress. She produced and co-hosted the internet web series Just Cos for Nerdist Industries' YouTube channel. She is a cast member in Syfy's show Heroes of Cosplay. She is also a freelance game journalist for several websites.
Dykstra was born in Los Angeles, California.
Allan Fung
Allan Wai-Ket Fung (born February 25, 1970) is an American attorney and politician. He was the mayor of Cranston, Rhode Island from 2009 to 2021.
Crisis on Infinite Earths
Crisis on Infinite Earths was a story told in American comic books in the year 1985. It lasted for 12 issues. Marv Wolfman wrote it and George Pérez drew it. It changed much about the history of the DC Universe, and allowed the editors of DC Comics to simplify their then 55 year old history.
Allan Fung
He was the Republican nominee for Governor of Rhode Island in the 2014 and 2018 election. He lost the gubernatorial race in Rhode Island during 2014 to Gina Raimondo.
In October 2017, Fung announced he would again run for governor in the 2018 election. He lost the general election again to Rainmondo.
In February 2022, Fung announced his candidacy for the Republican nomination for the United States House of Representatives in Rhode Island's 2nd congressional district after U.S. Representative James Langevin announced his retirement.
Birman
A Birman cat is a domestic cat breed with long hair and deep blue eyes. It has brown near its face and has white on the rest of its body. Birman cats have been associated with many clubs and organizations.
Bruce Broughton
Bruce Harold Broughton (born March 8, 1945) is an American composer. He writes music for television, movie, and video games. Usually, his music is for an Orchestra. He has also written concert works. He has composed several soundtracks over his long career. One of the pieces he wrote is the 1994 version of the 20th Century Fox fanfare. Another thing he has done is conducting the Cinergi Pictures logo composed by Jerry Goldsmith. He has won ten Emmy Awards and has been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Score. Broughton is currently a lecturer in composition at UCLA.
Influences
Broughton stated composers like Jerry Goldsmith, Elmer Bernstein, Henry Mancini, Buddy Baker, Oliver Wallace, Leigh Harline, Paul J. Smith, Richard Wagner, Pyotr Tchaikovsky, Carl Stalling, Scott Bradley, George Bruns, Lalo Schifrin, Maurice Ravel, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Alfred Newman, John Williams, Irwin Kostal, Frank Churchill and Randy Newman as influences.
Birman
History
Birman cats are said to have originated in Burma, and there was treated like a sacred cat. A story was made, “Originally, the guardians of the Temple of LaoTsun were yellow-eyed white cats with long hair. The golden goddess of the temple, Tsun-Kyan-Kse, had deep blue eyes. The head priest, Mun-Ha, had as his companion a beautiful cat named Sinh. One day the temple was attacked and Mun-Ha was killed. At the moment of his death, Sinh placed his feet on his master. The cat’s white fur took on a golden cast; his eyes turned as blue as the eyes of the goddess, and his face, legs and tail became the color of earth. However, his paws, where they touched the priest, remained white as a symbol of purity. All the other temple cats became similarly colored. Seven days later, Sinh died, taking the soul of Mun-Ha to paradise.”
Langwies
Langwies was a municipality, in the municipality of Arosa and the district Plessur in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.
Castletown
Castletown may refer to:
Orion (constellation)
Orion is one of the largest constellations in the sky. It is supposed to look like the warrior Orion from Greek mythology. The constellation has other names in different cultures: it is mentioned under a Hebrew name in the Book of Job.
The constellation has a clear hour-glass shape with "Orion's Belt" in the centre. That part is made up of three bright stars (Alnitak, Alnilam, Mintaka) in line. The Orion constellation has 81 visible stars, including some of the brightest and most important stars in the night sky. Rigel is the brightest star in it, and Betelgeuse is a huge, rather unstable red supergiant.
The constellation includes a series of starburst nebulae where new stars are forming. The whole group of nebulae is known as the Orion complex. The complex is 1,500 to 1,600 light-years away, and hundreds of light-years across. It includes
Mythological legend
In Greek mythology, Orion was a great hunter who joined Artemis's Hunt. He was the first ever male to ever enter the Hunt. Inevitably, he slowly started getting closer to Artemis, and eventually fell in love with her, even though he knew she had sworn an oath of maidenhood. Artemis did not sense this at the time, so she let him stay in the Hunt. The problem was that Orion was too good a hunter, and got in over his head. He killed too many animals, which was against the Hunters' nature, which was not to harm nature if it was not of danger to them. Gaea, the Earth Spirit, sensed this, and sent a giant scorpion to kill him, to punish him for his sins against nature. Artemis mourned his death, and herself made a constellation dedicated to him, namely, the Orion's Belt.
The ancient Egyptians equated the constellation with Osiris, god of the afterlife. The ancient Egyptian "First Time", "when Osiris walked on the Earth", has by some fringe archeologists been held to be around 10,500 BC; thanks to precession (which was known to the astronomers of the Early Dynasties), around that time at the Spring Equinox the constellation could be seen "walking" on the horizon just before dawn.
Location
Orion is a useful aid to find other stars. Extend the line of the Belt southeastward to find Sirius (α CMa); northwestward to find Aldebaran (α Tau). A line eastward across the two shoulders is the direction of Procyon (α CMi). A line from Rigel through Betelgeuse points to Castor and Pollux (α Gem and β Gem).
Noisy-le-Grand
Noisy-le-Grand is a commune. It is found in the Seine-Saint-Denis department in France.
Oskar Heinroth
Oskar Heinroth (Mainz-Kastel, 1 March 1871 – Berlin, 31 May 1945) was a German biologist who was one of the founders of ethology. Heinroth was director of the Berlin Zoo & Aquarium for over 30 years. He married twice, both times to colleagues: He was married to Magdalena (née Wiebe, 1904-1932) and, after her death, to Katharina (née Berger, 1933-1945).
Denens
Denens is a municipality in Morges in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
Oskar Heinroth
His results were popularised by Konrad Lorenz, whose mentor he was. Lorenz regarded Heinroth as the true founder of the study of animal behaviour as a branch of zoology.
Nana Chudasama
Nana Mansinh Chudasama (17 June 1933 – 23 December 2018) was an Indian jurist and politician. He was the Mayor and Sheriff of Mumbai from 1989 to 1990. He was the founder of the NGO Giants International which has over 500 branches in India and branches across the world including the United States, United Kingdom, South Africa, Mauritius and Ukraine.
He died 23 December 2018 in Mumbai at the age of 86 after a brief illness.
Harpsichord
Harpsichords are keyboard instruments that make sound by having the strings plucked with a plectrum. They are thought to have originated when a keyboard was attached to a psaltery. This makes them different from a clavichord where the strings are hit. The piano is therefore closer to a clavichord than a harpsichord. On a piano it is possible to play louder or quieter by playing the keys with more or less force. On a harpsichord the volume (playing louder or softer) cannot be controlled by the way it is played. However, some large harpsichords have several "stops", each one giving a different kind of sound. The largest harpsichords have two manuals (keyboards) which gives more variety. It makes it possible for the right hand to play the tune on one manual while the left hand plays an accompaniment more quietly on the other.
Some small harpsichords were called "virginals", perhaps because they were played by young girls. There are also spinets which were very small and sometimes wing-shaped. They could be picked up and put on a table.
Harpsichords were very important in music from the Renaissance and Baroque periods. They were used as solo instruments as well as to accompany an orchestra. Some of the most famous composers of harpsichord music are William Byrd (1543-1623), François Couperin (1668-1733), Domenico Scarlatti (1685-1757) and Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750). The last of these composers wrote The Well-Tempered Clavier, which has a prelude and fugue in every major and minor key. It is said that Bach wrote this collection of music to show how keyboard instruments like the harpsichord can be tuned in a way to make playing in any key possible.
Jupiter LXI
Jupiter LXI, also known as S/2003 J 19, is a moon of Jupiter. It was found by a team of astronomers led by Brett J. Gladman, et al. in 2003.
Jupiter LXI is about 2 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 22,709,000 km in 699.125 days, at an inclination of 165° to the ecliptic (164° to Jupiter's equator), with an orbital eccentricity of 0.1961.
Cherokee, Kansas
Cherokee is a city in Crawford County, Kansas, United States. In 2010, 714 people lived there.
History
Cherokee was created in 1870. This was when the a railroad was built through the area. It was named after Cherokee County, where it was incorrectly thought to be located.
The first post office in Cherokee was created in August 1870.
Geography
The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of 0.71 sqmi. All of it is land.
2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 714 people, 289 households, and 187 families living in Cherokee.
Government
The Cherokee government consists of a mayor and five council members. The council meets the 2nd Thursday of each month at 6:30PM.
Education
Cherokee is a part of USD 247 Southeast. The Southeast High School mascot is Lancers.
Crawford County Community High School in Cherokee was closed because school unification.
Willems, Nord
Willems (Willems) is a coummune in the Nord in north France. In 2019, 3,048 people lived there.
Balearic Islands
The Balearic Islands (official name, Catalan: Illes Balears) are an autonomous community of Spain, formed by the Balearic Islands Province. The main islands are Mallorca (English: Majorca), Minorca, Ibiza (also called Eivissa) and Formentera. The capital is Palma de Mallorca, and other cities are Mahon, Ibiza, Inca, Ciutadella, and Calvia.
Depression
Depression might mean:
Castletown, Highland
Castletown (Scottish Gaelic: Baile a' Chaisteil) is a village on the north coast of Caithness. It is in the Highland council area of Scotland.