cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Niloy Chatterjee
Responses
Writer Taslima Nasrin criticized the prime minister, Sheikh Hasina, and her government saying, "Sheikh Hasina's government is morally culpable. I am squarely blaming the state for these massacres in installment. Its indifference and so-called inability to rein in the murderous Ansarullah brigade is solely predicated on the fear of being labelled atheists."
Germain Marc'hadour
Germain Marc'hadour (16 April 1921 – 22 February 2022) was a French Catholic priest. He was a professor of English at the Université Catholique de l'Ouest in Angers. He was known for his works on the life and work of Saint Sir Thomas More and the founder of the journal Moreana. Marc'hadour was born in Langonnet, Brittany, France.
Marc'hadour died at the Maison Saint-Joachim in Sainte-Anne-d'Auray, France on 22 February 2022, at the age of 100.
Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Gopal Krishna Gokhale, CIE (9 May 1866 – 19 February 1915) was an Indian liberal political leader and a social reformer during the Indian Independence Movement. Gokhale was a senior leader of the Indian National Congress and the founder of the Servants of India Society.
Moss Rose (movie)
Moss Rose is a 1947 American mystery thriller movie. It was directed by Gregory Ratoff. It was based on the novel of the same name by Marjorie Bowen. It stars Vincent Price, Peggy Cummins, Ethel Barrymore, Victor Mature, Margo Woode, George Zucco. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox and was a box office disappointment.
Lisa Nandy
Lisa Eva Nandy (born 9 August 1979) is a British Labour Party politician. She has been Member of Parliament (MP) for Wigan since 2010. She was Shadow Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change from September 2015 until June 2016. She became the Shadow Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs on 5 April 2020.
Nandy ran in the 2020 Labour Party leadership election. Out of three candidates she came in third place and received 79,597 votes, representing 16.2% of the total vote.
A day after the 2020 Labour Party leadership election on 5 April 2020, the winning candidate, Keir Starmer, appointed Nandy in the shadow cabinet in the role of Shadow Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs.
Michael Crawford
Since 1987, he has been the leader of the Sick Children's Trust as well and acted as a public face for the British social cause organization.
Soibam
Soibam is a Meetei Manipuri surname or family name which has Indian origin. People of this family mainly inhabit in Manipur, India.
Upsala-Lenna Jernväg
Upsala-Lenna Jernväg (ULJ) is a railway line in Sweden. It runs from the city of Uppsala to various small towns in Uppsala Municipality. It is 33 km long. It is a part of the Roslagen network. It is a heritage railway.
Werner von Moltke
Werner Konrad Graf von (count of) Moltke (24 May 1936 – 29/30 July 2019) was a German decathlete. He won a European title in 1966 and finished second in 1962. He competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics, but failed to finish. He was born in Mühlhausen, Germany.
Von Moltke died on 29 or 30 July 2019 in Nieder-Olm, Germany at the age of 83.
Renault R 312
The Renault R 312 is a bus produced by Renault. It replaced the SC 10 in 1987, and was replaced by the Irisbus Agora in 1996.
Soraisam
Soraisam is a Meetei Manipuri surname or family name which has Indian origin. People of this family mainly inhabit in Manipur, India.
Anal bleaching
Anal bleaching is a process that causes the skin around the anus to become lighter in color. The process is done for appearance. Some events can cause the anus to appear darker, such as aging and defecation.
July Rain
July Rain (Июльский дождь) is a 1967 Russian drama movie directed by Marlen Khutsiev and starring Yevgenia Uralova, Aleskandr Belyavsky, Yuri Vizbor, Alexander Mitta, Alla Pokrovskaya.
Soram
Soram is a Meetei Manipuri surname or family name which has Indian origin. People of this family mainly inhabit in Manipur, India.
Langonnet
Langonnet (Langoned) is a commune in the Morbihan department of Brittany in north-western France.
Philippe II, Duke of Orléans
Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans, Grandson of France (2 August 1674 – 2 December 1723) was a member of the royal family of France and served as Regent of the Kingdom from 1715 to 1723. Born at his father's palace at Saint-Cloud, he was known from birth under the title of Duke of Chartres. His father was Louis XIV's younger brother Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, known as Monsieur; his mother was Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate.
In 1692, Philippe married his first cousin, Françoise Marie de Bourbon - the youngest legitimised daughter (légitimée de France) of Philippe's uncle Louis XIV and Madame de Montespan. Named regent of France for Louis XV until Louis attained his majority in February 1723, the era of his de facto rule was known as the Regency (1715–1723). He died at Versailles in 1723. He is referred to historically as le Régent.
Issue
Philippe also had several illegitimate children with several women, three of whom he acknowledged.
Tunisia men's national volleyball team
The Tunisia national volleyball team represents Tunisia in international volleyball competitions.
Paul Bostaph
Paul Steven Bostaph (born 4 March 1964 in San Francisco, California) is an American metal drummer who is currently performing with the thrash metal band Slayer. He began his drumming career in 1984, and has since worked with bands like Forbidden, Exodus, Systematic, and Testament. Metal-Rules.com described Bostaph as "a true professional and one of the best drummers on today's metal music scene."
Nebula
A nebula is an interstellar cloud of dust, hydrogen, helium and other ionized gases in a galaxy.
The Persian astronomer, Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi, mentioned a true nebula for the first time in his book, Book of Fixed Stars (964). He said that there was a "little cloud" near the Andromeda galaxy.
Origin
A nebula is usually made up of hydrogen gas and plasma. It may be the first stage of a star's cycle, but it may also be one of the last stages.
Paul Bostaph
Early years
Bostaph first wanted to play the bass guitar, but later chose the drums because he found a kit that was cheaper than a bass. He listened to The Beatles and The Beach Boys, but AC/DC got him into rock drumming. He bought his first drum kit at the age of 15 and decided to become a metal drummer after listening to Killers by Iron Maiden. He was also influenced by bands like ELO, Blue Öyster Cult and Black Sabbath. His biggest drumming inspirations are Phil Rudd, Clive Burr, Tommy Aldridge, Nicko McBrain, Cozy Powell, Jeff Porcaro, Steve Smith, Dave Lombardo, and Tommy Lee.
Forbidden (1985–1992)
Bostaph played drums for Forbidden from 1985–1992, playing on their first two studio albums, Forbidden Evil and Twisted into Form. He also played on their 1989 live EP Raw Evil: Live at the Dynamo. He is regarded as their most prolific 'permanent' drummer to date.
Nebula
Origin
Many nebulae or stars form from the gravitational collapse of gas in the interstellar medium or ISM. As the material contracts, massive stars may form in the center, and their ultraviolet radiation ionises the surrounding gas, making it visible at optical wavelengths.
The size of these nebulae, known as H II regions, varies depending on the size of the original cloud of gas. These are sites where star formation occurs. The formed stars are sometimes known as a young, loose cluster.
Paul Bostaph
Slayer and solo work
After drummer Dave Lombardo of Slayer left in 1992, the band was looking for a new drummer. Lombardo's drum tech was filling in but kept on making errors. After auditioning several drummers and listening to hundreds of demo tapes, Bostaph was recommended by Slayer guitarist Kerry King's guitar technician. Slayer members listened to some Forbidden records, however, they did not see how Bostaph could fit in Slayer – Lombardo's style was "over the top", while Forbidden was more melodic. Slayer auditioned Bostaph with nine songs, and he made only one error on "Angel of Death". Bostaph had to practice a lot to improve the strength of his hands and feet; "I respected and loved Dave's drumming but as a fan, if they got a new drummer and I bought a ticket to a show, I would expect to hear the stuff that Dave does, that's what I would want. So, I went in and every time I had to learn a new song I would play them exactly how Dave played them".
Nebula
Origin
Some nebulae are formed as the result of supernova explosions, the death throes of massive, short-lived stars. The materials thrown off from the supernova explosion are ionized by the energy and the compact object that it can produce. One of the best examples of this is the Crab nebula, in Taurus. The supernova event was recorded in the year 1054 and is labelled SN 1054. The compact object that was created after the explosion lies in the center of the Crab Nebula and is a neutron star.
Other nebulae may form as planetary nebulae. This is the final stage of a low-mass star's life, like Earth's Sun. Stars with a mass up to 8-10 solar masses evolve into red giants and slowly lose their outer layers during pulsations in their atmospheres. When a star has lost enough material, its temperature increases and the ultraviolet radiation it emits can ionize the surrounding nebula that it has thrown off. The nebula is 97% Hydrogen and 3% Helium with trace materials.
Joe Hahn
Joseph Hahn (born March 15, 1977) is an American musician, DJ, director and visual artist best known as the DJ and backing vocalist of the American rock band Linkin Park, doing the scratching, turntables, sampling, and programming for all seven of Linkin Park's albums.
Nebula
Origin
In the past galaxies and star clusters were also called 'nebulae', but no longer. Nebulae can be sorted by what they look like and why we can see them.
Star-forming regions and diffuse nebulae
Large regions of ionised hydrogen gas are produced by star-forming regions. Nebulae are often star-forming regions, such as in the Orion complex. In these regions gravitation pulls together gas and dust. Material clumps together to form larger masses, which attract further matter. Eventually this become massive enough to form stars. The material left over may form planets and other planetary system objects.
Emission nebulae / H II regions
Emission nebulae make their own light. They are often called H II regions, because it is the ionized hydrogen which makes them glow. Usually the gases in an emission nebula are ionized. This makes them emit light and infra-red radiation.
Reflection nebulae
Reflection nebulae reflect light from nearby stars.
Dark nebulae
Dark nebulae do not emit light or reflect light. They block the light from stars that are far away.
Planetary nebulae
Planetary nebulae are quite common, because they are produced by red giant stars late in their lives. These stars usually become white dwarfs, leaving behind an expanding ball of ionized gas, which we see as a roughly circular bright nebula.
Paul Bostaph
Slayer and solo work
Bostaph recorded four albums with Slayer; his least favorite is 1994's Divine Intervention. This is due to the guitars not being loud enough as they were in the recording session, the band moving around to several recording studios, and a producer who had never done any heavy metal music. The producer changed near the end of recording to Toby Wright – Bostaph stating "that record never had any consistency to it although a lot of fans still like it." Bostaph left the band in 1996 to concentrate on his solo project, Truth About Seafood, and was replaced by Jon Dette; however, he returned in 1997. His second favorite album is 2001's God Hates Us All; "The whole era that I was with the band that was the album that was the most well-rounded and mixed the best" with Diabolus in Musica.
Bostaph left Slayer after the release of God Hates Us All, after a chronic elbow injury he had received restricted his ability to play. (although he later said that he actually left because "Musically, I wanted to do something else". ) His third last performance with the band is recorded on the DVD War at the Warfield recorded on December 7, 2001. Bostaph is yet to watch it as he feels "It's like breaking up with a girlfriend" and needs to move on with his life. He remained friends with the Slayer members, and when asked if he would work with them in the future, he replied "sure". Bostaph was temporarily replaced by original Slayer drummer Dave Lombardo, which later proved to be a permanent arrangement until 2013, when the band announced he has replaced Lombardo for the second time.
Wars of Scottish Independence
The Wars of Scottish Independence were a series of military campaigns fought between Scotland and England in the late 13th and early 14th centuries.
The First War (1296–1328) began with the English invasion of Scotland in 1296, and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton in 1328. The Second War (1332–1357) began with the English-supported invasion of Edward Balliol and the 'Disinherited' in 1332, and ended around 1357 with the signing of the Treaty of Berwick.
The wars were part of a great national crisis for Scotland and the period became one of the most important moments in the nation's history. At the end of both wars, Scotland still was a free and independent nation, which was her main aim throughout the conflict. The wars were also important for other reasons, such as the emergence of the longbow as a key weapon in mediaeval warfare.
Important Figures
Scotland
England
Battle of Bannockburn
The Battle of Bannockburn (23–24 June 1314) was an important Scottish victory. It was the decisive battle in the First War of Scottish Independence. In this battle, the Scottish king Robert the Bruce defeated the English king Edward II.
Harald Hove
Harald Hove (10 January 1949 - 21 July 2014) was a Norwegian jurist and politician. He was for the Liberal Party.
He served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Hordaland during the terms 1997–2001 and 2001–2005. From 1997 to 2000 he was a regular representative, covering for Lars Sponheim who was appointed to the first cabinet Bondevik.
Outside of politics, he graduated as cand.jur. from the University of Bergen in 1976. He worked at the university as an associate professor from 1976 to 1988 and lecturer from 1993 to 1997. He also worked as a lawyer.
Hove died in Oslo, Norway from a heart attack, aged 65.
Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 2)
Season Two (Book 2: Earth) of Avatar: The Last Airbender, an American animated television series on Nickelodeon, first showed its 20 episodes from 17 March 2006 to 1 December 2006. The season was created and produced by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko and starred Zach Tyler Eisen, Mae Whitman, Jack DeSena, Jessie Flower, Mako, Grey DeLisle, and Dante Basco as the main character voices.
In the season's beginning, the protagonist Aang and his friends Katara and Sokka started a search to find an Earthbending teacher, which finishes when they recruit Toph. Sokka finds important information concerning the war with the Fire Nation. Aang quickly becomes single-minded in looking for his kidnapped flying bison Appa. His search leads him to Ba Sing Se, the capital of the Earth Kingdom, where he uncovers the great internal government corruption of Ba Sing Se. At the season's end, Ba Sing Se falls to the Fire Nation and Aang escapes with his friends on a recovered Appa.
During the season's airing, the show received much critical acclaim, with praises such as, "As a flat concept, Avatar the Last Airbender is nothing special, but in execution, it is head and shoulders above other children's entertainment", and that "as a whole, the look of Avatar is consistently excellent." Season 2 has won multiple awards, including the "Best Character Animation in a Television Production" award from the 34th Annie Awards and the "Outstanding Individual Achievement in Animation" award from the 2007 Emmy Awards.
Christopher Hitchens
Christopher Eric Hitchens (13 April 1949 – 15 December 2011) was an Anglo-American atheist, writer and debater. He wrote for various magazines including The Nation, Free Inquiry, Slate, and others. He was a supporter of the philosophical movement humanism.
Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 2)
Between 23 January 2007 and 11 September 2007, Nickelodeon released five DVD sets for the season: four sets had five episodes each, and a fifth DVD collection of all twenty episodes. All DVDs were encoded in Region 1. In the UK, only the season boxset was released without being released in four volumes first. The boxset was released on July 20, 2009.
William S. McFeely
William Shield McFeely (September 25, 1930 – December 11, 2019) was an American historian and educator. In 1982, he won the Pulitzer Prize. He worked at Yale University, the University of Georgia and at Harvard University. McFeely was known for his biographies about Ulysses S. Grant and the Reconstruction era.
Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 2)
Production
The season was produced by and shown on Nickelodeon, which is owned by Viacom. The season's creators, Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko, worked with Aaron Ehasz. Most of the individual episodes were directed by Ethan Spaulding, Lauren MacMullan and Giancarlo Volpe. Episodes were written by a team of writers, in which worked Aaron Ehasz, Elizabeth Welch Ehasz, Tim Hedrick, John O'Bryan; with creators DiMartino and Konietzko.
The season's music was written by "The Track Team", which consists of Jeremy Zuckerman and Benjamin Wynn, who were known to the show's creators because Zuckerman was Konietzko's roommate.
Mako's death
Mako Iwamatsu, the actor who voiced Iroh at first season, died during the production and was replaced by Greg Baldwin.
Critic
In a review of the Volume 2 DVD Release for Book 2, Gabriel Powers from DVDActive.com described the series as one of the best children's series in recent times, making comparisons with Samurai Jack and Justice League, and complimented it for its depth and humour. Powers also comments: "Without dumbing down its characters, plots, or humour, and without overtly taming-up the action or peril, Avatar manages to enthral children and adults, ages 4 to 56...There is a genuine classic feel to the series, which uses actual Asian culture and lore as its base. Like Star Wars, the creative forces behind the show have tapped into that basic, generation spanning storytelling that will live long after the series' youngest fans are old and bitter." For the video and audio quality, Powers says "Season two generally looks better than the bulk of season one, but still has some issues" concerning image sharpness. Jamie S. Rich from DVD Talk says that "As a flat concept, Avatar the Last Airbender is nothing special, but in execution, it is head and shoulders above other children's entertainment", and that "as a whole, the look of Avatar is consistently excellent".
William S. McFeely
Life
McFeely taught at Yale until 1970, during the Civil Rights Movement and Black Power movements. One of his black students in his class was Henry Louis Gates Jr..
McFeely was known for his Pulitzer Prize-winning 1981 biography of Ulysses S. Grant. His works also focused on the Reconstruction era, and for the field of African-American history. He retired as the Abraham Baldwin Professor of the Humanities emeritus at the University of Georgia in 1997. He began working for Harvard University in 2006.
McFeely died of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis on December 11, 2019 at his home in Sleepy Hollow, New York at the age of 89.
Oleksii Prokhorenko
Oleksii Prokhorenko (Олексій Прохоренко; 6 March 1985, Kyiv, Ukraine) is a Ukrainian entrepreneur and business strategist. Founder & CEO of GT Invest. Member of the board at Ukrprompostach.
Biography
Oleksii Prokhorenko was born in Kyiv, Ukraine.
Education
In 2002—2006, he studied at the National State Tax Service University of Ukraine as a lawyer for a bachelor's degree.
In 2007, Oleksii Prokhorenko entered the Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics at the Faculty of Economic Law for a master's degree. In 2009 he graduated from the university.
In 2014, Prokhorenko graduated from the G.S. Kostiuk Institute of Psychology of the National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine as a Doctor of Psychology.
Career
In February 2011 Oleksii Prokhorenko became the CEO of the Ukrprompostach. Since February 2012, he is the managing director of the company.
Since February 2020, he is the founder and CEO of the GT Invest Ukraine. This is a company that deals with the solution of investment projects in Ukraine.
Christopher Hitchens
Hitchens was educated at Balliol College, Oxford. After graduation in 1970, he became a magazine writer. In 1982, he moved to Washington, D.C. In 1988, he learned from his grandmother that his mother was Jewish, but had kept her religion a secret. Hitchens remained an atheist and did not adopt any religious faith. He did not write about his religious views until his 2007 book God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything.
Hitchens tried to write from first-hand experience. To write his essays, he braved gunfire in Sarajevo, he was jailed in Czechoslovakia, and in 2008, he was brutally beaten in Beirut, Lebanon. In 2009, Hitchens agreed to be waterboarded. He wrote in Vanity Fair magazine, "If waterboarding does not constitute torture then there is no such thing as torture".
Hitchens died of oesophageal cancer.
Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 2)
Critic
The show also received acclaim for its visual appeal. In the 34th Annie Awards, the show was nominated for and won the "Best Character Animation in a Television Production" award, for Jae-Myung Yu's animation in "The Blind Bandit", and the "Best Directing in an Animated Television Production" award, for the episode "The Drill". In 2007, the show was nominated for "Outstanding Animated Program" in the 2007 Emmy Awards for the "City of Walls and Secrets" episode, though it did not win. However, the show did win the "Outstanding Individual Achievement in Animation" award for Sang-Jin Kim's animation in the "Lake Laogai" episode.
Namie Amuro
Namie Amuro (安室 奈美恵) is a Japanese singer, born September 20, 1977 in Naha, Okinawa. She was the top J-Pop star of the 1990s, with a long string of number-one hits.
Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 2)
Film adaptation
A sequel to The Last Airbender, a film adaptation of Book One, is expected to be based on Book Two with all the main cast and M. Night Shyamalan to return as director, writer and producer. Production will possibly start in 2011 and the film will be released in 2012 at the earliest. It will be the second part of a planned trilogy.
Namie Amuro
When she had a baby in the late 1990s her popularity went down, but her albums became popular again when she released Queen of Hip-Hop. Her next album Play became #1. Her 2008 hit single, 60s 70s 80s, sold about 293,000 copies and came #1. That was her first #1 single since 1999.
In July 2008, Namie released her third greatest hits album BEST FICTION, which sold over 1.500,000 copies. It was the year's the most selling female album in Japan and second most selling album of 2008 in Japan.
Fotos y Recuerdos
"Fotos y Recuerdos" ("Pictures and Memories") is a song by American singer Selena. The song sampled the song "Back on the Chain Gang" by The Pretenders.
Martín Arzola Ortega
Martín Arzola Ortega (1977 (age 34) – 31 July 2019), commonly referred to by his alias "El 53", was a Mexican convicted drug lord. He was a high-ranking leader of the Jalisco New Generation Cartel (CJNG), a criminal group based in Jalisco.
He worked under Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes (alias "El Mencho"), the alleged top leader of the CJNG. Arzola Ortega began his criminal career in 1998 as a cargo truck thief and eventually joined the Milenio Cartel, the predecessor group of the CJNG.
After several of his bosses were arrested and/or killed, he founded the CJNG with other defectors in the 2010s.
Arzonla Ortega died on 31 July 2019 in Zapopan, Jalisco after being shot dead at a mall, aged 42.
Sorokhaibam
Sorokhaibam is a Meetei Manipuri surname or family name which has Indian origin. People of this family mainly inhabit in Manipur, India.
Rush Hour 2
Rush Hour 2 is a 2001 American action comedy movie directed by Brett Ratner. It was written by Jeff Nathanson, based on the characters created by Ross LaManna. The cast were Jackie Chan, Chris Tucker, Roselyn Sánchez, John Lone, Alan King, Harris Yulin, and Zhang Ziyi. The story follows Chief Inspector Lee (Chan) and Detective James Carter (Tucker), who go to Hong Kong on vacation only to be thwarted by a murder case involving two U.S. customs agents after a bombing at the American embassy. Lee suspects that the crime is linked to the Triad crime lord Ricky Tan (Lone).
Rush Hour 2 opened on August 3, 2001, to generally mixed reviews. The movie was a commercial success. It grosses $347.3 million worldwide. It made the highest-grossing film in the franchise. A sequel, Rush Hour 3, was released on August 10, 2007.
Cast
Jeremy Piven, Saul Rubinek, and Gianni Russo have cameo appearances as a Versace salesman, casino box man and pit boss respectively.
Washington, Pennsylvania
Washington is a city in and the county seat of Washington County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 13,663 at the 2010 census.
Saturn (mythology)
Saturn (Latin: Sāturnus) was a Roman god of agriculture and harvest. He was the father of Ceres, Jupiter, Veritas and others. He was associated with wealth, liberation, and time. He was identified with the Greek titan Kronos, whose reign (often referred to as the Golden Age) was regarded as a time of abundance and peace.
The Temple of Saturn situated within the Roman Forum housed the state treasury. In December, the festival of Saturnalia, perhaps the most famous of all the Roman festivals, was held in his honor — it largely consisted of a public banquet, role reversals, private gift-giving and revelry. The planet Saturn is named after him and the modern English weekday Saturday (Latin diēs Sāturni - "Day of Saturn") bears his name.
Punch Brothers
Punch Brothers is an American bluegrass band. Its members include Chris Thile (mandolin), Gabe Witcher (fiddle), Chris Eldridge (guitar), Greg Garrison (bass), and Noam Pikelny (banjo). They have made one album, Punch, which was released on February 26, 2008 on Nonesuch Records.
Khamnung Kikoi Louonbi
Khamnung Kikoi Louonbi (Khamnung Kikoi Louonpi) is a primordial goddess in Meitei mythology and religion. She is the divine feminine personification of the death. She carries off the souls of people to the underworld (Khamnung) when the time allotted to them to live had expired. If any soul is not willing to accompany her, then she will either serve it a false magical fruit to agree with her conducts or transform herself into the looks of a person, who is the dearest to the soul, especially that of mother, and persuade it (the soul). By any means, she will bring the souls of the dead people to the netherworld. She is the consort of Thongalel, the God of the death and the ruler of the underworld. She is said to be created from the very body of Salailen Sidaba, the Supreme Being.
List of countries in the 1970s
This is a list of countries in the 1970s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1970 and 31 December 1979. It contains 191 entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes 166 widely-recognized sovereign states (including 4 associated states that gained full independence, 4 states which were initially unrecognized but then gained full recognition later in the decade, and 1 state which was initially widely-recognized but then lost full recognition later in the decade), 2 constituent republics of another sovereign state that were UN members on their own right, 12 entities which claim an effective sovereignty but are considered de facto dependencies of other powers by the general international community, 4 associated states, and 7 transitional states.
A
Transitional independent state.
Widely-recognized UN member state; Afghanistan was occupied by the Soviet Union from 27 December 1979.
Widely-recognized UN member state.
Widely-recognized independent state; the President of France and Bishop of Urgell were ex officio Co-Princes of Andorra. The defense of Andorra was the responsibility of foreign states, in this case France and Spain.
Associated state of the United Kingdom. Antigua had two dependencies, Barbuda (from 23 December 1976) and Redonda.
Widely-recognized UN member state. Argentina was a federation of 22 provinces and two federal territories. It had a claim over Argentine Antarctica, which was suspended under the Antarctic Treaty. It also claimed the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, both of which were British overseas territories.
Widely-recognized UN member state. Austria was a federation of nine states.
Solange Sanfourche
Solange Sanfourche (July 18, 1922, Carsac-Aillac - June 12, 2013, Sarlat-la-Canéda) was a French resistance fighter during World War II. In Périgueux in December 1945, Sanfourche married Édouard Valéry, who was the head of the resistance movement during World War II. Sanfourche, whose nom de guerre was Marie-Claude, was a secretary, typist and liaison. During the occupation, the Sanfourche family had housed and concealed dozens of secret battles in Périgueux, which the Gestapo or the French militia wanted to access.
List of countries in the 1970s
B
Widely-recognized independent state; UN member state from 21 September 1971.
De facto independent state. Claimed by Pakistan (to 22 February 1974). Permanent observer at the UN (from 1973 to 17 September 1974). Widely-recognized UN member state (from 17 September 1974).
Widely-recognized UN member state; Commonwealth realm.
Widely-recognized UN member state; EEC member.
Widely-recognized independent state. Permanent observer at the UN (to 21 September 1971). UN member state (from 21 September 1971). Bhutan was officially guided by India in its foreign affairs, but effectively pursued an independent foreign policy starting in the 1970s.
Partially recognized de facto independent state; claimed by Nigeria.
Widely-recognized UN member state.
Nominally independent South African bantustan.
Widely-recognized UN member state. Brazil was a federation of 22 states, four territories, and one federal district.
C
De facto independent state. Claimed by Portugal (to 11 November 1975) and Angola (on 11 November 1975).
Widely-recognized UN member state. Claimed to be the sole legitimate government of Kampuchea, despite being in exile from 10 January 1979.
Widely-recognized UN member state. Until 2 June 1972, Cameroon was a federation of two regions.
Widely-recognized UN member state; Commonwealth realm. Canada was a federation of ten provinces and two territories.
Widely-recognized independent state. UN member state (from 16 September 1975).
Widely-recognized UN member state.
Soubam
Soubam is a Meetei Manipuri surname or family name which has Indian origin. People of this family mainly inhabit in Manipur, India.
List of countries in the 1970s
C
Widely-recognized UN member state; Commonwealth realm (to 22 May 1972).
Widely-recognized UN member state. It had a claim over Chilean Antarctic Territory, which is suspended under the Antarctic Treaty.
Partially recognized de facto independent state (to 25 October 1971). Widely-recognized UN member state (from 25 October 1971). The People's Republic of China had five autonomous regions: Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Xinjiang and Tibet. The People's Republic of China claimed Taiwan, Kinmen, the Matsu Islands, Pratas Island and the Vereker Banks, and Itu Aba, all of which were governed by the Republic of China. It also claimed the Paracel Islands (disputed by the Republic of China and Vietnam), the Spratly Islands (disputed by the Republic of China, Vietnam, the Philippines and Malaysia), and South Tibet (controlled by India). The People's Republic of China administered Aksai Chin and the Trans-Karakoram Tract, which were within the disputed region of Kashmir.
Widely-recognized UN member state to 25 October 1971 under the name "China"; partially-recognized de facto independent state from 25 October 1971. Taiwan claimed to be the sole legitimate government of China, but only administered Taiwan, Kinmen, the Matsu Islands, Pratas Island and Itu Aba. The Republic of China had territorial claims over Mongolia; the Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic; the Sixty-Four Villages East of the River (administered by the Soviet Union); The majority of Gorno-Badakhshan (administered by the Soviet Union); The eastern tip of the Wakhan Corridor (administered by Afghanistan); a small portion of Gilgit-Baltistan (administered by Pakistan and part of the disputed Kashmir region); Aksai Chin (administered by the People's Republic of China and part of the disputed Kashmir region); eastern Bhutan; South Tibet (controlled by India); and Kachin State (administered by Burma).
Widely-recognized UN member state. Colombia claimed Quita Sueño Bank, Roncador Bank, and Serrana Bank (disputed by the United States); Bajo Nuevo Bank (disputed by Jamaica, Nicaragua and the United States); and Serranilla Bank (disputed by Nicaragua and the United States).
De facto independent state. Claimed by France to 31 December 1975; widely-recognized state from 12 November 1975. UN member state from 12 November 1975. After 24 May 1978, the Comoros was a federation of three islands. 3 Islands: Anjouan, Grande Comore, Mohéli. Comoros claimed sovereignty over the French overseas territories of Mayotte and the Glorioso Islands. It also claimed Banc du Geyser (disputed by Madagascar and France).
A state in free association with New Zealand; it shares a head of state with New Zealand as well as having shared citizenship.
Widely-recognized UN member state; the Cuban area of Guantánamo Bay was under the control of the United States.
Widely-recognized UN member state. Czechoslovakia was a federation of two republics.
D
Widely-recognized UN member state.
Widely-recognized UN member state; EEC member from 1 January 1973. The Danish Realm also included two of its constituent countries:
Widely-recognized independent state; UN member state from 20 September 1977.
Associated state of the United Kingdom (to 2 November 1978). Widely-recognized independent state from 3 November 1978; UN member state from 18 December 1978.
Transitional independent state.
E
De facto independent state from 28 November 1975 to 7 December 1975; claimed by Portugal and Indonesia from 29 November 1975.
Widely-recognized UN member state.
F
Widely-recognized independent state; UN member state from 13 October 1970. Commonwealth realm. Fiji had an autonomous dependency, Rotuma.
Widely-recognized UN member state. Finland had a neutral and demilitarized region:
Widely-recognized UN member state; EEC member. France included five overseas departments: French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Réunion, and Saint Pierre and Miquelon (from 19 July 1976). It also had sovereignty over the following overseas territories: It also co-administered one condominium: France also claimed Banc du Geyser (disputed by Madagascar and the Comoros).
Transitional independent state.
G
Widely-recognized UN member state.
Widely-recognized UN member state; Commonwealth realm (to 24 April 1970).
Widely-recognized independent state. Permanent observer at the UN (from 1972 to 18 September 1973). UN member state (from 18 September 1973).
Widely-recognized independent state; Permanent observer at the UN to 18 September 1973. UN member state from 18 September 1973; EEC member. West Germany was a federation of ten states.
Widely-recognized UN member state. Greece had sovereignty over Mount Athos, an autonomous monastic state that was jointly governed by the multi-national "Holy Community" on the mountain and the Civil Governor appointed by the Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and spiritually came under the direct jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate.
Associated state of the United Kingdom (to 6 February 1974). Widely-recognized independent state from 7 February 1974; UN member state from 17 September 1974. Commonwealth realm. Grenada had one autonomous dependency, Carriacou and Petite Martinique.
De facto independent state; claimed by Portugal to 10 September 1974. Widely-recognized from 10 September 1974; UN member state from 17 September 1974.
H
Widely-recognized UN member state; Haiti claimed the uninhabited United States possession of Navassa Island.
Widely-recognized UN member state.
I
Widely-recognized UN member state.
Widely-recognized UN member state. India was a federation of 22 states and 11 union territories. India had sovereignty over one protectorate: Indian sovereignty over South Tibet, administered as part of North-East Frontier Agency and then Arunachal Pradesh from 1972 was disputed by the People's Republic of China. India administered part of the disputed region of Kashmir as the state of Jammu and Kashmir.
Widely-recognized UN member state; EEC member from 1 January 1973.
Widely-recognized UN member state. Israel occupied the Gaza Strip the Golan Heights, the Sinai Peninsula, and the West Bank, including East Jerusalem. These areas were not recognized as being part of Israel.
Widely-recognized UN member state; EEC member. Italy had 5 autonomous regions: Aosta Valley, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Sardinia, Sicily, and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol.
J
Widely-recognized UN member state; Commonwealth realm.
Widely-recognized UN member state.
Widely-recognized UN member state. Jordan claimed the Israeli-occupied territories of West Bank, including East Jerusalem.
K
Widely-recognized UN member state.
Widely-recognized independent state.
Widely-recognized independent state. Permanent observer at the UN from 1973; claimed to be the sole legitimate government of Korea.
Widely-recognized independent state. Permanent observer at the UN; claimed to be the sole legitimate government of Korea.
L
Widely-recognized UN member state.
Widely-recognized UN member state; Lebanon was occupied by Syria from 2 November 1975.
Widely-recognized independent state. The defense of Liechtenstein was the responsibility of Switzerland.
Widely-recognized UN member state; EEC member.
M
Widely-recognized UN member state. Madagascar claimed the French possessions of Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands and Juan de Nova Island. It also claimed Banc du Geyser, which was disputed by Comoros and France.
Widely-recognized UN member state.
Widely-recognized UN member state. Malaysia was a federation of thirteen states and one federal territory.
Widely-recognized UN member state; Commonwealth realm (to 13 December 1974).
Widely-recognized UN member state. From 26 February 1976 to 11 August 1979, Mauritania claimed sovereignty over and controlled a portion of the disputed Western Sahara. The territory was home to the de facto independent Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic from 27 February 1976.
Widely-recognized UN member state; Commonwealth realm. Mauritius had three dependencies: Agalega Islands, Cargados Carajos and Rodrigues. It claimed the British Indian Ocean Territory and the French territory of Tromelin Island.
Widely-recognized UN member state. Mexico was a federation of 31 states, two territories, and one federal district.
Widely-recognized independent state. Permanent observer at the UN. The defense of Monaco was the responsibility of France.
Widely-recognized independent state; UN member state from 16 September 1975.
Widely-recognized independent state. UN member state (from 7 October 1971). Under the informal protection of the United Kingdom until 1971.
N
Widely-recognized independent state; the defense of Nauru was the responsibility of Australia.
Widely-recognized UN member state.
Widely-recognized UN member state. The Kingdom of the Netherlands consisted of three autonomous countries: The Kingdom of the Netherlands as a whole was a member of the EEC.
Widely-recognized UN member state; Commonwealth realm. New Zealand had responsibilities for the two free associated states of: It also had sovereignty over three dependent territories: The government of Tokelau Islands(Tokelau) claimed Swains Island, part of American Samoa (a US dependency).
Widely-recognized UN member state. Nigeria was a federation of 23 states and one federal territory.
A state in free association with New Zealand; Niue was a member of multiple UN agencies with full treaty making capacity and it had shared citizenship with New Zealand.
De facto independent state. Claimed by Australia (to 16 September 1975) and Papua New Guinea (from 16 September 1975).
Widely-recognized UN member state. Norway had two integral overseas areas: Jan Mayen and Svalbard. The latter of area had a special status due to the Spitsbergen Treaty. Norway had sovereignty over the following dependencies:
P
Widely-recognized UN member state. Pakistan was a federation of six provinces and three territories. It administered part of the disputed region of Kashmir as the territories of Azad Kashmir and the Northern Areas.
Widely-recognized UN member state.
Widely-recognized independent state; UN member state from 10 October 1975. Commonwealth realm.
Widely-recognized UN member state. The Philippines administered Scarborough Shoal, which was disputed by China and Taiwan. It also claimed sovereignty over the Spratly Islands (disputed by China, Taiwan, Vietnam, and Malaysia) and the Malaysian territory of Sabah.
2022 Sumatra earthquake
On 25 February 2022, a strong 6.2 earthquake happened in West Sumatra, Indonesia. The earthquake hit at a depth of 12.3 km and had an epicenter in Pasaman. At least 12 people were killed, 388 were injured and four others were missing.
List of countries in the 1970s
P
Widely-recognized UN member state. Portugal had two autnonomous regions: the Azores (from 27 August 1976) and Madeira (from 27 August 1976). Portugal had sovereignty over the following overseas provinces: It had one autonomous republic: It also had one Chinese territory which it administered as a dependency: Portugal continued to claim sovereignty over Portuguese Timor after its unilateral declaration of independence on 28 November 1975 and its occupation by Indonesia on 7 December 1975. It claimed the former overseas province of Portuguese India, which had been annexed by India, until 31 December 1974. It also claimed the Spanish municipalities of Olivenza and Táliga.
Q
Widely-recognized independent state; UN member state from 21 September 1971.
R
Transitional independent state.
De facto independent state; not recognized by any other state. Claimed by the United Kingdom.
Widely-recognized UN member state.
De facto independent state; not recognized by any other state. Claimed by Uganda.
S
Partially recognized de facto independent state. The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic claimed the disputed territory of Western Sahara, most of which was under control of Morocco and (to 11 August 1979) Mauritania. The territory under its control, the so-called Free Zone, was claimed by Morocco and Mauritania. Its government resided in exile in Tindouf, Algeria.
Associated state of the United Kingdom.
Associated state of the United Kingdom (to 21 February 1979). Widely-recognized independent state from 22 February 1979; UN member state from 18 September 1979. Commonwealth realm.
Associated state of the United Kingdom to 26 October 1979. Widely-recognized independent state from 27 October 1979; Commonwealth realm.
Widely-recognized independent state.
CIS national football team
The CIS national football team was a transitional national team. It was created by the Football Federation of the Soviet Union in 1992. It would represent the Commonwealth of Independent States.
List of countries in the 1970s
S
Widely-recognized independent state. UN member state (from 16 September 1975).
Widely-recognized UN member state.
Widely-recognized independent state. UN member state (from 21 September 1976). The Seychelles claimed the British Indian Ocean Territory and the French territories of Tromelin Island and the Glorioso Islands.
Transitional independent state.
Widely-recognized UN member state; Commonwealth realm (to 19 April 1971).
CIS national football team
National federation members of the CIS association
1. Kazakhstan was an AFC member from 1994 until 2002, when they joined UEFA.