cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Battle of Monmouth
Weapons
This was the first time the Continental army used the tactics and training they had learned at Valley Forge from then-Acting Inspector General Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben.
Outcome
General Lee asked to be court-martialed for his actions in this battle. He was sentenced to one year suspension.
After the Battle of Monmouth, the war moved to the South.
Today
Reenactors reenact the battle at Monmouth Battlefield State Park in Freehold, New Jersey.
L'Île-Saint-Denis
L'Île-Saint-Denis is a commune. It is found in the Seine-Saint-Denis department in France.
Recorded Music NZ
The Recorded Music NZ, before June 2013: Recording Industry Association of New Zealand (RIANZ) is a non-profit trade association of record producers, distributors and recording artists in New Zealand. Membership of RIANZ is open to any record label operating in New Zealand.
Majhiziya Bhanu
Majiziya Bhanu is an Indian body builder and power lifter from Kerala. She is a World Championships medalist.
Ollie Johnston
Oliver Martin Johnston, Jr. (October 31, 1912 – April 14, 2008) was an American movie animator. He was one of Disney's Nine Old Men, and the last one living. He also got the National Medal of Arts in 2005. He was a good friend of Frank Thomas, another animator who was also one of the Nine Old Men. They wrote The Illusion of Life, a book about animation. Johnston's hobby throughout his life was trains.
Chr
In computing, chr is a type of file format commonly used for graphics (i.e. 3D Max Characters and Homebrew NES Dev Graphics) and character sets.
Usage
chr files are used to draw 8x8 tiles for homebrew NES development. To draw graphics for the NES such as backgrounds or sprites, they must be pieced together using 8x8 pixel tiles constrained to 4 colors.
Contents
The contents of a chr file can be summed up as multiple lines of bit strings. For example, take the first line of the chr file for the game Super Mario Bros.
When reading the file, it is interpreted as 2 equal length bit strings, such as
The position of these 2 bit strings represent a pixel in an 8x8 tile, going in row-column order. The color of the pixel can be found out using a simple formula:
The color is irrelevant because it is chosen through the code by the programmer with the attribute table, so it is the bit combination that is significant and there is no storage of color values
Poa pratensis
Poa pratensis (smooth meadow-grass, common meadow grass, or Kentucky bluegrass) is a grass. It is a perennial species of the grass family Poaceae. It is native to Europe, Asia, and northern Africa. It grows to 30 – tall.
Poa pratensis makes a useful pasture plant. It is also used for making lawns in parks and gardens. Poa is Greek for fodder, which is food fed to livestock.
The name "Kentucky bluegrass" came from its blue flower heads.
Kangaroo Beach
Kangaroo Beach is a 2020 Australian CGI Children television series made ABC. Blu-ray release on August 2, 2023 in Australia.
Bobotie
Bobotie is a South African dish. It is made of minced meat and has an egg-based topping.
it is a meat dish
Francesco Moriero
Francesco Moriero (born 31 March, 1969) is a former Italian football player. He has played for Italy national team.
Club career statistics
367||30 367||30
International career statistics
!Total||8||2
Grammy Award for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal
U2 holds the record for most awards with a total of seven, followed by Aerosmith with four awards.
Les Lilas
Les Lilas is a commune. It is found in the Seine-Saint-Denis department in France.
Jokerman (song)
"Jokerman" is a 1984 song by Bob Dylan and taken from his 22nd studio album Infidels. It features a live version of Isis as its B-side.
American badger
The American badger (Taxidea taxus) is an animal usually found in the Great Plains area of North America.
It looks similar to the European badger, but it is not closely related to them. It is found in the western, central, and eastern United States, northern Mexico, and south-central Canada.
The American badger's habitat lives in open grasslands eating prey (such as mice, squirrels, and groundhogs). The badger likes areas such as prairies with sandy loam soils where it can dig easily for its prey. They are found in many places from high alpine meadows to sea level.
American badgers are excellent diggers, and can tunnel rapidly through the soil using their powerful forelimbs.
Badgers are carnivorous. Unlike many carnivores that stalk their prey in open country, badgers catch most of their food by digging. They can tunnel after ground-dwelling rodents with amazing speed.
Words Get in the Way
"Words Get in the Way" is a 1986 song by Miami Sound Machine featuring Gloria Estefan and was taken from their 9th studio album Primitive Love. It went to number 4 in New Zealand, number 5 in the United States, number 22 in Australia and Belgium and number 26 in the Netherlands. It did not chart in the United Kingdom.
Song Review: A Greatest Hits Collection
Song Review: A Greatest Hits Collection is a 1996 double disc greatest hits album by Stevie Wonder. Wonder would release another greatest hits album called At the Close of a Century three years later.
National anthem of Mongolia
The National Anthem of Mongolia was created in 1950. This was known before 1991 as the State Anthem of the Mongolian People's Republic. The words of the song were written by a Mongolian author named Tsendiin Damdinsüren, and the melody to his words were made by two composers by the names of Bilegiin Damdinsüren and Luvsanjambyn Mördorj.
Lyrics
The lyrics (words) of this song has been changed three times. First the lyrics were changed in 1961 to remove mentions of specific leaders; then in 1991, when communism came to an end, the lyrics no longer mentioned communism nor the Soviet Union; and finally in 2006, the lyrics were changed slightly, and this is the current version used till this day.
Livry-Gargan
Livry-Gargan is a commune. It is in the Seine-Saint-Denis department in France.
2021 Kandahar bombing
On 15 October 2021, a suicide bombing happened at the Imam Bargah mosque in Kandahar, Afghanistan. The mosque is a Shia mosque. The attack happened during Friday prayers. It killed at least 65 people and injured more than 70 others. The Islamic State – Khorasan Province claimed responsibility for the attack.
John Joseph Woods
John Joseph Woods was a New Zealand teacher and songwriter. He is best known for winning a competition to set "God Defend New Zealand", a poem by Thomas Bracken, to music. By doing this, he composed the tune to what later became New Zealand's national anthem. Woods was also the Tuapeka County Council clerk for 55 years.
2021 Kandahar bombing
It came a week after another bombing claimed by the Islamic State.
John Joseph Woods
Personal life
Woods was born in Tasmania in 1849 into an Irish family with fourteen other children, seven boys and seven girls. His father was a soldier. After teaching in Tasmania for nine years, he came to New Zealand as a young man and worked for a time in Nelson, Christchurch, Dunedin and Invercargill. Eight years teaching in New Zealand led to a position as the head teacher of St Patrick's School in Lawrence, Otago, and he moved there from Invercargill in 1874. Woods was known as a good musician. He was choirmaster of the local Catholic church, and could play twelve different instruments, though he was best known for his skill on the violin. Singing a solo at his own wedding, Woods showed that he was also a good singer.
While in Lawrence, Woods taught with an Irish widow called Harriet Conway (née Plunket) who already had two sons. They were married in September 1874 and had four children together, three sons and a daughter named Mary.
In 1902, Woods built a house of brick and wood on the corner of Lismore and Lancaster Streets. He lived there until he died in 1934. It is now under the care of the Historic Places Trust, which mounted a plaque on the street-facing back wall to remember his composition of the national anthem.
Composition of the national anthem
One night in the winter of June 1876, Woods read about the competition in the Saturday Advertiser. According to tradition, he usually met the coach that delivered the news in the main street of Lawrence to pick up his paper. It was already 9 pm, but he went straight to his piano and in that one sitting composed the tune for what later became the national anthem. In a later letter to A.H. Reed, he explained that the words inspired him so much he had to write music for them. He entered his composition under the pen name of "Orpheus". The Advertiser sent it off with the eleven other submissions to Melbourne, where it was judged. In October 1876, it was announced that the three judges all agreed that Woods' composition was the clear winner. The prize was ten guineas.
The rules of the competition meant that the copyright of the music would belong to the Saturday Advertiser, which gave the manuscript to the Dunedin-based Charles Begg & Co to publish, but a nine-month delay in sending it to a publisher was followed by two months of waiting for it to be printed. The end result was a very poor edition with only one verse, which was thrown out by the Advertiser. When promises of reprint failed to come true, the Advertiser was forced to hand the copyright back over to Woods. He immediately arranged for it to be printed by Hopwood and Crew in London, with Bracken's blessing. Bracken did not mean for his poem to become the national anthem, and it was Woods who had always used the word "anthem" where Bracken called it a "hymn".
County clerk
In 1877, Woods stopped teaching and became the county clerk for the Tuapeka County Council. He was known for working 13-hour days and keeping accounts of such a high standard that he was accepted as a fellow of the Registered Accountants of New Zealand. Serving in this role, he also became known as an authority on county law, sought out by the council and clerks of other regions. He also organised the decoration of council office buildings to mark Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee in 1897.
He served in that role for 55 years until ill health forced him to retire in 1932, aged 83.
Other honours
Woods was deeply involved in the affairs of the town. He was a member of many local clubs and societies. He was also known as an expert on cultivating daffodils, of which his collection was the largest in the area. In 1884, Woods was elected first president of the local choral society.
When Woods was made an Honorary Freeman of New Zealand, he was commended for his "efficiency, integrity and devotion to duty".
Central High, Oklahoma
Central High is a town in Oklahoma in the United States.
Sachin Chaudhary
Sachin Chaudhary (born 30 September 1983 ) is an Indian powerlifter. Chaudhary represented India at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, United Kingdom, and finished 9th in the men's -82.50 kg event. He took the silver medal at the 2017 Powerlifting World Cup in Dubai with a career-best lift of 200 kg. He competed at the Para powerlifting at the 2018 Commonwealth Games where he won a bronze medal in the Para powerlifting at the 2018 Commonwealth Games – Men's heavyweight event.
Dave Hood Jr.
Hood Jr. died on March 15, 2019 in Ormond Beach, Florida from brain cancer, aged 64.
Organotroph
An organotroph is an organism that lives off organic compounds. It is a word used in microbiology to describe organisms based on how they get electrons for respiration (breathing). Some organotrophs are also heterotrophs. Organotrophs may or may not need oxygen in order to grow.
Agalychnis taylori
Agalychnis taylori is a frog that lives in Honduras, Guatemala, and parts of Mexico.
Deaths in March 2017
The following is a list of notable deaths in March 2017. For notable deaths before the current month, please see "Previous months". Names under each date are reported in alphabetical order by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are reported here also if notable.
Kreuzlingen District
It contains the following municipalities:
Okwui Enwezor
Okwui Enwezor (23 October 1963 – 15 March 2019) was a Nigerian curator, art critic, writer, poet, and educator. He lived in New York City and Munich.
In 2014, he was ranked 24 in the ArtReview list of the 100 most powerful people of the art world.
His writings have appeared in many journals, catalogs, books, and magazines including: Third Text, Documents, Texte zur Kunst, Grand Street, Parkett, Artforum, Frieze, Art Journal, Research in African Literatures, Index on Censorship, Engage, Glendora, and Atlantica.
In June 2018, Enwezor was diagnosed with colorectal cancer. He died on 15 March 2019 in Munich from the disease at the age of 55.
El Lebrijano
In 1964, he won the championship at the Competition of Mairena del Alcor, one of the most important Flamenco music festivals. He was known for working with famous flamenco musician Paco de Lucía. His most famous albums were Casablanca, Open Door and Encuentros.
In 1997 the Spanish Ministry of Culture awarded him the Medalla de Oro al Trabajo (Gold medal working labour) His most recent song was a tribute to his friend, writer Gabriel García Márquez in 2014.
Peña died at his home in Seville, Spain on July 13, 2016, aged 75.
Nina Gruzintseva
Nina Aleksandrovna Gruzintseva (Нина Александровна Грузинцева; 7 April 1934 – 17 October 2021) was a Russian Soviet sprint canoer and referee. She competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics, coming in 5th place. She won the Canoe Sprint European Championships in 1957 and 1961. She also won the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in 1958. Gruzintseva was born in Leningrad, Soviet Union.
Gruzintseva died on 17 October 2021 in Moscow at the age of 87.
Edward Craven Walker
Edward Craven Walker (4 July 1918 – 15 August 2000) was a British inventor, who invented the lava lamp. He is also known for being a naturist.
Work on the lava lamp
Walker got the idea of a lava lamp from seeing what is now called a "blob light", a mix of oil and water heated by a lightbulb at the bottom. He thought it would look more interesting if the oil was thick enough to form shapes, and spent 10 years trying to make it good.
Eventually, his product was launched in 1963, and Walker's factory soon began production of it as it grew in popularity.
Apparently, Walker once said, "If you buy my lamp, you won't need drugs."
Lava lamps were featured in the sitcom series "Absolutely Fabulous", which some people think helped the lava lamp's popularity, which was declining at the time.
Eventually, as it become less popular in the 1980s, Walker sold the company to Elizabeth Granger. Her company, Mathmos, was one of Britain's fastest growing companies, mostly from the lava lamp. Walker believed the lava lamp would be good for her company.
"I think it will always be popular." he once said. "It's like the cycle of life. It grows, breaks up, falls down, and starts all over again."
Naturism
The success of Travelling Light gave Walker the money to buy a nightclub in Bournemouth. He turned it into a nudist resort. He tried to ban overweight nudists from entering, but failed.
"We are all against these fat fogies, it's not what naturism is about," he said
Death
Walker was suffering from cancer in the mid and late 1990s, and he eventually died because of it. He died in Ringwood, Hampshire at the age of 82 on the 15th of August 2000.
Wiesław Kilian
Wiesław Kilian (25 July 1952 – 15 March 2019) was a Polish politician. He was elected to Sejm on 25 September 2005 getting 7,524 votes in Wrocław. He was a member of the Law and Justice. He joined Poland Comes First when that party split from Law and Justice in 2010. He was re-elected to the Sejm in 2010 and served until his death.
Kilian died on 15 March 2019 in Warsaw from cardiac arrest, aged 66.
2016 United States presidential election
The 2016 United States presidential election was the 58th presidential election that happened on November 8, 2016. Businessman Donald Trump and Indiana governor Mike Pence, defeated former secretary of State Hillary Clinton and Virginia senator Tim Kaine on the Republican Party ticket.
Then-incumbent President Barack Obama was term limited by the Twenty-second amendment, which made him unable to serve a third presidential term. Former secretary of state Hillary Clinton won the Democratic nomination. Trump became his party's front-runner against many candidates in the Republican primary, defeating Senator Ted Cruz, Senator Marco Rubio, and Ohio Governor John Kasich among other candidates.
Trump received 304 electoral votes, 34 more votes than what was needed to win, while Clinton received 227. Even though Trump lost the popular vote, the electoral votes decide the actual winner of the election. Trump took office on January 20, 2017.
Background
Article Two of the United States Constitution says that for a person to be elected and serve as President of the United States, they must be a natural-born citizen of the United States, at least 35 years old, and a resident of the United States for a period of no less than 14 years.
Candidates for the presidency typically seek the nomination of one of the various political parties of the United States, in which case each party devises a method (such as a primary election) to choose the candidate the party deems best suited to run for the position. The party's delegates then officially nominate a candidate to run on the party's behalf.
President Barack Obama was unable to seek re-election for a third term because of the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution, which states that a president may only serve up to two terms. His term as president ended at noon eastern standard time on January 20, 2017.
Libertarian Party
Ballot access to all 538 electoral votes
Constitution Party
Ballot access to 207 electoral votes (451 with write-in): –
Green Party
Ballot access to 493(451) electoral votes: Ballot access currently in process: North Dakota, Rhode Island, Wyoming
States currently under litigation for ballot access: Nevada, Oklahoma
States with no ballot access: South Dakota As write-in: Georgia, Indiana, North Carolina.
American Delta Party and Reform Party
Ballot access to 147 electoral votes (305 with write-in)
Independents
Ballot access to 84 electoral votes (451 with write-in):
American Freedom Party
Ballot Access to 6 electoral votes: Mississippi
Independent American Party
Ballot Access to 18 Electoral Votes: New Mexico, Oregon, Utah
Party for Socialism and Liberation
Ballot Access to 29 electoral votes: Florida
Peace and Freedom Party & Party of Socialism and Liberation
Ballot Access to 84 electoral votes: California, Florida
Nutrition Party
Ballot Access to 9 electoral votes: Colorado
Veterans Party of America
Ballot Access to 6 electoral votes: Mississippi
Workers World Party
Ballot Access to 0 electoral votes
Battleground states
Battleground states during the election were: Nevada, Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Florida, New Hampshire, Maine, Ohio and North Carolina. Trump won Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Ohio, North Carolina, Florida and a congressional district in Maine. Clinton won Nevada, New Hampshire and Maine. Wisconsin, Michigan and Pennsylvania were seen as likely 'Blue' states, but Trump won all three states in what was seen as a political upset.
Debates
The three locations which will host the presidential debates and the one location selected to host the vice presidential debate are to be announced by the CPD in the fall of 2015.
List of WWE alumni
This is a list of professional wrestlers, managers and other workers that were employed in World Wrestling Entertainment from:
FC Twente
FC Twente is a football club from Enschede in the Netherlands. They play in the Eredivisie and also in the UEFA Champions League.
Twente plays its games in the Grolsch Veste (a capacity of 30 000).
FC Twente currently holds the national cup and the Johan Cruijff Schaal. In season 2010/11 they ended second in the league.
History
FC Twente was founded on 1 July 1965 as a combination of Sportclub Enschede and Enschedes Boys. The two professional football teams in Enschede at that time (Sportclub Enschede and Enschedese Boys) had both money problems and were forced to merge. FC Twente started in the Eredivisie (highest Dutch league) and within a few years they were part of the top of Dutch football. Between 1970 and 1980 they came close to several prizes, but they always lost the final. In 1974 the ended second in the Eredivisie and in 1975 the lost the Dutch cup final as well as the UEFA Cup final (after beating Juventus in the semi-final). Only in 1978 they won the Dutch Cup (by beating PEC Zwolle in the final with 3-0). In the next decade (1980-1990) the club went down hill, with the relegation to the Eerste Divisie (second tier of Dutch football) in 1983 as all-time low. Twente was back in the Eredivisie within a year however. In the nineties Twente played a modest role in Dutch football, usually ending around the 5th place in the Eredivisie. In the first decade of the 21st century the golden era started. In 2001 FC Twente won the Dutch cup by beating PSV Eindhoven in the final with a penalty shootout. This victory caused huge celebrations in the eastern part of the Netherlands. This showed the popularity of the club in the region, eventhough FC Twente almost never wins a prize. In 2003 the club almost went bankrupt and Joop Munsterman took over as chairman. He understood the potential of this club and developed a plan to increase the sportive, economic and social capacity of Twente. In 2008 the stadium size was increased from 13,500 to 24,000 seats. In 2011 the stadium was further increased to 30,000 seats. FC Twente again played on the top of the Dutch league, resulting in their first national title in 2010. Also the Intertoto Cup was won in 2006, the Johan Cruijff Schaal was won in 2010 and 2011 and the Dutch cup in 2011. In these years FC Twente also started a social programm to help unemployed people to find a job, encourage handicaped people to do sports and to give away free seats in the stadium to people that cannot afford a ticket.
Current squad
For recent transfers, see List of Dutch football transfers winter 2011–12 and List of Dutch football transfers summer 2012.
Browser engine
For computers, a browser engine (also called a layout or rendering engine) is a main part of a web browser that is responsible for showing a web page. It is separate from other parts, such as a JavaScript engine.
Function
In order to render, or make visible, a web page, it takes a Hyper Text Markup Language document and splits it up into elements. These elements, such as text, links, and images, are placed onto the Document Object Model (DOM), a way of finding the structure of the page. It then takes the Cascading Style Sheets code to tell it where to place the elements from the DOM, as well as other things, such as colors or backgrounds to put around the elements.
Notable engines
Some engines that are used include:
Lars Andreas Larssen
Larssen was born on 27 March 1935 in Hadsel, Norway. He studied acting at the Folketeatret. Larssen was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in 2003 and was forced to retire due to his illness. He lived in Oslo during his last years with his wife Monna Tandberg. Larssen died on 29 January 2014 in Oslo from the disease, aged 78.
Electronic tagging
There are special electronic devices, that can be permanently attached to a person. These devices are called electronic tags. Using wireless or mobile phone networks, it is then possible to monitor where the person is, all the time. The device can also have extra functions, such as measuring certain parameters.
There are two basic use cases:
Random House
Random House is the biggest English-language book publisher in the world. It is owned by the large German media company Bertelsmann. Random House was founded in 1927 by Bennett Cerf and Donald Klopfer. The publisher's main office in the United States is located at 1745 Broadway in Manhattan. In October 2018, Penguin Random House merged two of its most known publishing lines, Random House and the Crown Publishing Group. In 2019, Penguin Random House acquired British children's book publisher Little Tiger Group (including American subsidiary Tiger Tales Press) and added it to Random House Children's Books.
Armando León Bejarano
Armando León Bejarano Valadez (April 11, 1916 – July 6, 2016) was a Mexican orthopedic surgeon, physician, and politician. He was a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). He served as the Governor of Morelos from 1972 until 1982.
Bejarano died on July 6, 2016 in Cuernavaca, Morelos from pneumonia, aged 100.
Athletics at the 1930 Women's World Games – 60 metres
The 60 metres at the 1930 Women's World Games was held in Prague at the Letná Stadium, from 6 to 7 September 1930.
Entrants
In August 1930 entrants were published of the athletes of 5 nations: the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, Italy and Great Britain. Listed below are the athletes from these nations who were entered for the 800 metres events.
Heats
The heats took place on 6 September 1930.
Enter Shikari
Enter Shikari are a post-hardcore band from St Albans, Hertfordshire, England. The band is named after the Hindi word Shikari meaning hunter. The band have played at festivals such as Reading and Leeds.
Athletics at the 1930 Women's World Games – 60 metres
Semi-finals
The semi-finals took also place on 6 September 1930. The first two persons of each semi-final qualified for the final
Enter Shikari
They are known for songs such as "Sorry You're Not a Winner", "Arguing With Thermometers", "Juggernauts" and "Anything Can Happen in the Next Half Hour". They have an album called Common Dreads that contains "Common Dreads", "Solidarity", "Step Up", "Juggernauts", "Wall", "Zzzonked", "Havoc A", "No Sleep Tonight", "Gap in the Fence", "Havoc B", "Antwerpen", "The Jester", "Halcyon (Intro)", "Hectic" and "Fanfare for the Conscious Man".
A Flash Flood of Colour
Their third album released by Enter Shikari includes songs such as "Arguing With Thermometers" and "Warm smiles do not make you welcome". The final tour in support of this album was named "Flash flood of Christmas".
Jorge Insunza Becker
Jorge Insunza Becker (21 April 1936 – 17 March 2019) was a Chilean communist politician. He was member of the Chamber of Deputies of Chile between 1969 until 1973. He went into exile. He was responsible for the propaganda of the Salvador Allende Command.
Insunza Becker died on 17 March 2019 from a stroke in Santiago de Chile, aged 82.
Tim Russert
Tim Russert (May 7, 1950 - June 13, 2008) was an American television journalist and lawyer. He was the longest serving moderator for NBC's Meet the Press beginning in 1991. He was the senior vice president of NBC News and a frequent correspondent and guest on NBC's The Today Show and Hardball. He was born in Buffalo, New York. Russert died from a heart attack in Washington, D.C.
Luis Enrique Mercado
Luis Enrique Mercado Sánchez (19 January 1952 – 28 December 2020) was a Mexican journalist and politician. He was a member of the National Action Party. From 2009 to 2012 he was Deputy of the Mexican Congress representing Zacatecas.
He began his career as a journalist for El Universal and founded El Economista in 1988.
Agencourt
Agencourt is a commune. It is found in the region Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Côte-d'Or department in the eastern part of France.
Haugesund
Haugesund is a town within the Municipality of Haugesund, and is the capital of the municipality. It is within the Rogaland county in the country of Norway. It had a population of roughly 32,000 (42,000 including all of the suburbs) as of January 2020. The "birthplace of Norway", as it is called, Avaldsnes, is approximately 8.5km away from the town. The town is named after the nearby Haugesundet strait which is close to the town.
Tourist attractions
Here is a list of tourist attractions which can be found within the town:
• (Natural attraction) The Haraldsvang hiking area. It is quite close to the Skelsvannet lake.
• (Natural attraction) The Skelsvannet lake is good for fishing, and you could be able to find some fish that are from the region. It would also be good for birdwatching, mostly seagulls which are commonly found in Haugesund.
• There is a North Sea cycling route which runs through, which would be good for cyclists
• Haugesund also has an airport (HAU) for people who like planespotting.
• Haugesund also hosts the Norwegian International Film Festival, and the "Slidajazz" festival in August every year.
Sports in Haugesund
Haugesund is home to the soccer club Haugesund FK (FKH), who currently play in the Eliteserien, the highest tier in Norwegian soccer (20/21 season).
Municipal council
The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Haugesund is made up of 49 representatives that are elected every four years. The government is located at the Haugesund City Hall.
International relations
Haugesund is a sister city with the following places:
Each of the sister cities (except Emden) has been given its name to a street in Haugesund. The streets are located in the same area near the border to the neighbouring municipality.
Constitution of Australia
The Constitution of Australia is the law that set up the Australian Commonwealth Government and says how it works. It is made up of several documents. The most important is the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia. The people of Australia voted in referendums from 1898–1900 to accept the Constitution. The Constitution was then passed as a part of the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 (Imp), an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Queen Victoria signed it on 9 July 1900. The Constitution became law on 1 January 1901. Even though the Constitution was an Act of the United Kingdom parliament, the Australia Acts took away the power of the United Kingdom parliament to change the Constitution. Now only the Australian people can change it by referendum.
Two other laws support the Australian Constitution. The first is the Statute of Westminster, as passed by the Commonwealth as the Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942. The second is the Australia Act 1986, which was passed by the Parliaments of every Australian state, the United Kingdom, and the Australian Federal Parliament. Together, these Acts had the effect of cutting all constitutional links between Australia and the United Kingdom. Even though the same person, King Charles III, is the monarch of both countries, these are now separate countries.
Under Australia's common law system, the High Court of Australia and the Federal Court of Australia have the power to decide what the constitution actually means.
History
The history of the Constitution of Australia began with moves towards federation in the 19th century. The Australian colonies joined together to form the Commonwealth of Australian in 1901.
Federation.
In the mid-19th century, the Australian colonies needed to work together on things that affected them all, especially tariffs between the colonies. This cooperation led to plans to join the colonies together in a single federation. The push to do this came mainly from Britain and there was little local support. The smaller colonies thought they would be taken over by the larger ones. Victoria and New South Wales did not agree about the need to protect local industry, as opposed to allowing everyone to trade freely. The then-recent American Civil War also weakened the case for federalism. These difficulties led to the failure of several attempts to bring about federation in the 1860s and 1850s.
By the 1880s Australians were worried about the growing presence of the Germans and the French in the Pacific. Along with a growing Australian identity, this created the opportunity to start the first inter-colonial body, the Federal Council of Australasia, in 1885. This Federal Council could make laws on certain subjects, but did not have a permanent office, an executive, or its own source of income. New South Wales, the largest colony, would not take part.
Henry Parkes, the Premier of New South Wales, pushed for a series of conferences in the 1890s to talk about federalism. The first was in Melbourne in 1890, and another, the National Australasian Convention, in Sydney in 1891. These were attended by colonial leaders. By the 1891 conference, many people wanted a federal system. Most of the discussion was about how this federal system would work. With help from Sir Samuel Griffith, a draft constitution was written. These meetings did not have popular support. The draft constitution also left out important, but difficult, issues, such as tariff policy. The draft of 1891 was given to colonial parliaments but was not supported by New South Wales. Without New South Wales, the other colonies were unwilling to continue.
In 1895, the six premiers of the Australian colonies agreed to set up a new Convention by popular vote. The Convention met over the course of a year from 1897 to 1898. The meetings produced a new Constitution that was the same as the 1891 draft, but with added provisions for responsible government. To get popular support, the draft was voted on by the electors of each colony. After one failed attempt, a changed draft was given to the electors of each colony except Western Australia. Five colonies passed the Bill that was then sent to the Westminster Parliament with a letter requesting the Queen to make it into law.
The British government made one change before the Bill was passed. The Chief Justices of the colonies wanted the right to appeal decisions of the High Court to the Privy Council on constitutional matters. They were worried that the limits of the powers of the Commonwealth or States could be changed by parliament. The British Parliament passed the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act in 1900. Western Australia finally agreed to join the Commonwealth in time for it to join the Commonwealth of Australia, which officially began on 1 January 1901.
In 1990, the Public Records Office in London loaned the original copy 1900 of the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act to Australia. The Australian government wanted to keep the copy. The British parliament agreed by passing the Australian Constitution (Public Record Copy) Act 1990.
The Statute of Westminster and the Australia Acts
Although Federation made Australia independent of Britain, legally the Commonwealth was a creation of the British Imperial Parliament, through the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 (Imp), which applied to Australia. As a result, there was continued uncertainty as to whether British Imperial laws still applied to the Commonwealth. This was fixed by the Statute of Westminster 1931, adopted by the Commonwealth via the Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942. The Statute of Westminster freed the Dominions, including the Commonwealth, from Imperial laws and controls. Legally, this is the moment of Australia's national independence.
However, British laws were still more important in Australian states. This was fixed by the Australia Act 1986, which was passed by the parliaments of Australia, the United Kingdom, and each of the states. This law stopped the British Parliament's power to make laws over Australian states. It also stopped appeals from the Australian courts to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. As this was a very important document, Queen Elizabeth II travelled to Australia to sign the proclamation of the law.
One result of these two laws is that Australia is now a fully independent country. The Constitution is now different from the original Act, as the Australian people can change the Constitution, by referendum. However, the original Act remains on the UK's law book with a note saying, "The Constitution is not necessarily in the form in which it is in force in Australia". Even if the United Kingdom Parliament were to remove the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900, it would have no effect on Australia.
Articles
The Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 (Imp) contains a Preamble, and nine sections. Sections 1– 8 are the laws to set up the Commonwealth. Section 9, starting with the words "The Constitution of the Commonwealth shall be as follows ...", contains the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia. The Constitution itself is in eight chapters, with 128 sections.
The Parliament
Chapter I sets up the Parliament of Australia. This has three parts:
Section 1 says that legislative power belongs to the Parliament. It is the most powerful part of government.
Part II of Chapter 1 is about the Senate. Senators are to be "directly chosen by the people of the State", voting as a single electorate. Each State is to have the same number of senators. Currently, there are 12 senators for each State, and 2 each for the mainland territories, the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory.
Bui Thi Minh Hang
Bui Thi Minh Hang (Vietnamese Bùi Thị Minh Hằng) is a Vietnamese activist and blogger. In 2016, Samantha Power, the U.S. Ambassador to the U.N., named her one of twenty women political prisoners in the Free the 20 campaign. Bui Thi Minh Hang was released Feb. 11, 2017.
Constitution of Australia
The Parliament
Part III of Chapter 1 is about the House of Representatives. Section 24 says the House must have twice as many members as the Senate, each elected by a single electorate. This is called the 'Nexus'. It designed to prevent swamping of the senate's power in the case of a joint sitting (see Section 57 below). The number of electorates in a State is to be based on its share of the national population.
Bui Thi Minh Hang
In 2011, Bui Thi Minh Hang protested in Hanoi and in Ho Chi Minh City. She protested against Chinese land claims on the Spratly and Paracel Islands. Police arrested her and sent her to sent her to Thanh Ha Education Center, a reeducation camp in Vinh Phuc province. There was an international protest about her arrest. She was in the reeducation camp for six months without a trial.
In 2012, Bui Thi Minh Hang was free again, and started to work for human rights again. She wrote about her time in the Thanh Ha Education center. She also gave people a “Manual for the Implementation of Human Rights” (Cam nang thuc thi quyen lam nguoi). In 2014, Bui Thi Minh Hang and a group of 21 bloggers and Hoa Hao Buddhist activists went to visit a political prisoner. The police arrested Bui Thi Minh Hang and two others. She was charged with disrupting traffic under Article 245 of the Penal Code. She was sentenced to three years in prison.
In 2016, Amnesty International said Bui Thi Minh Hang had health problems in prison, but she did not get medical care.
Constitution of Australia
The Executive Government
Chapter II sets up the executive branch of government. Executive power is to be exercised by the Governor-General, advised by the Federal Executive Council. The Governor-General is the commander in chief. He or she may appoint and dismiss the members of the Executive Council, ministers of state, and all officers of the executive government. These powers, along with the powers to dissolve (or refuse to dissolve) parliament (Section 5, Section 57), are termed "reserve powers". The use of these powers is by convention. Generally, the Governor-General acts only on the advice of the Prime Minister. There has been only one instance of the Governor-General not taking the Prime Minister's advice. Governor-General Sir John Kerr, acting on his own, dismissed Prime Minister Gough Whitlam in the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis.
Bui Thi Minh Hang
Bui Thi Minh Hang was released on Saturday Feb. 11, 2017. Her family and supporters were with her, and the traffic police escorted her back to Ho Chi Minh City.
Constitution of Australia
The Executive Government
Reserve powers in all Westminster nations are only extremely rarely exercised outside of the understood conventions. However, in contrast with the constitutions of other Commonwealth Realms such as Canada, which formally grant extensive reserve powers to the Monarch, even the formal powers of the Queen of Australia are extremely limited, and most powers can be used only by the Governor-General.
Methodism
Methodism, or the Methodist movement, is a group of Protestant denominations. The movement started in Britain in the 18th century and spread to the United States and the British Empire. Originally it was popular with workers, poor farmers, and slaves. Mr. John Wesley started Methodism. He was a priest of the Church of England. His brother Charles Wesley was a famous writer of Church music. There are many denominations that trace their roots to the Wesley brothers. Many have the word Methodist as part of their name, but others do not.
Constitution of Australia
The Executive Government
Section 68 says that the Command in chief of Australia's naval and military forces "is vested in the Governor General as the Queen's representative". The Commander in chief of the Australian Defence Force is now Her Excellency Quentin Bryce as the Governor General of Australia. The Queen of Australia is not in command of the military.
The Judicature
Chapter III sets up the judicial branch of government. Section 71 gives judicial power to a "Federal Supreme Court" called the High Court of Australia. The Parliament can also make new federal courts or give other courts federal powers. Such courts, called "Chapter III Courts", are the only courts that can use federal judicial power. Sections 73 and 75-78 outline the original and appellate jurisdiction of the High Court. Section 74 explains how an appeal can be made to the Queen in Council. Section 79 allows Parliament to limit the number of judges able to exercise federal jurisdiction and section 80 guarantees trial by jury for indictable offences against the Commonwealth.
Finance and Trade
Section 92 provides that "trade, commerce, and intercourse among the States shall be absolutely free". The precise meaning of this phrase is the subject of a considerable body of law.
Section 96 gives the Commonwealth power to give money to States "on such terms and conditions as the Parliament thinks fit". This power is not limited by any other part of the Constitution, such as Section 99 that forbids giving preference to one State or over another State. It is subject only to Section 116, freedom of religion, and possibly other such freedoms. This power, which was only meant to be used ("during a period of ten years ... and thereafter until the Parliament otherwise provides"), has been used by the Commonwealth to encourage cooperation by the States to various extents over the years.
Section 101 sets up an Inter-State Commission, a body which is no longer exists, but which was meant to have a significant role in the federal structure.
The States
Chapter V says what the States can do in a federal system. Sections 106-108 preserve the Constitution, the powers of the Parliament, and the laws in force of each of the States.
Section 109 says that, where a State law is different to a federal law, the federal law applies.
Section 111 says that a State can give up any part of its lands to the Commonwealth. This has happened several times. South Australia gave the Northern Territory to the Commonwealth.
Section 114 stops any state from having its own military force. It also stops the State or the Commonwealth taxing each other's property.
Section 116 sets out "freedom of religion", by stopping the Commonwealth from making any law to start a religion, to impose any religious observance, or to stop a religion, and by stopping religious discrimination for public office.
New States
Chapter VI allows new states to be made, or to join the Commonwealth. Section 122 allows the Parliament to provide for the representation in Parliament of any new territory. Section 123 says that changing the boundaries of a State needs the support of the Parliament of that State and must pass a referendum in that State.
No new states have joined the Commonwealth since federation.
Miscellaneous
Chapter VII says that the seat of government of the Commonwealth (now Canberra) shall be in New South Wales but no less than one hundred miles from Sydney, and that the Governor-General may appoint deputies. Section 127 first said that Aborigines cannot be counted in any Commonwealth or State census. This section was changed in 1967.
Alteration of the Constitution
Chapter VIII sets out how the Constitution can be changed. Section 128 says that changes must be approved by a referendum. A successful change needs:
The Governor-General must put the referendum bill to the people between two and six months after passing parliament. After the constitutional amendment bill has passed both the parliament and the referendum, it then receives Royal Assent from the Governor-General. This makes it the new law and the wording of the Constitution is changed.
An exception to this process is if the amendment bill is rejected by one house of Federal Parliament. If the bill passes the first house and is rejected by the second, then after three months the first house may pass it again. If the bill is still rejected by the second house, then the Governor-General may choose to still put the bill to the people's vote.