cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
New7Wonders of the World
Egypt
After the complaints from Egypt, the Pyramids of Giza were named an honarary candidate, and removed from the voting. They were listed as one of the 21 finalists and given honorary status among the winners.
Voting
The New7Wonders Foundation said that more than 100 million votes were cast through the Internet or by telephone. Voting by the Internet was limited to one vote for seven monuments per person. More voting was allowed by telephone. This led to criticism that the poll was not valid. At the time, New7Wonders Foundation had "the largest poll on record".
Winners
The Great Pyramid of Giza was granted honorary status. It is the largest and oldest of the three pyramids at the Giza Necropolis in Egypt. It is also the only structure still remaining of the original Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
Tshuapa
Tshuapa  is one of the 26 provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its capital is Boende.
The district is named for the Tshuapa River.
Tshuapa has the territories of:
Andrea Levy
Andrea Levy (7 March 1956 – 14 February 2019) was an English novelist. She was born in London to Jamaican parents. Levy's novels related to British Jamaicans and how they negotiate racial, cultural and national identities. Her best known works were Small Island (2004) and The Long Song (2010). Levy won the Orange Prize for Fiction, Whitbread Book of the Year and Commonwealth Writers Prize.
Levy died on 14 February 2019 in London from breast cancer at the age of 62.
Joachim von Ribbentrop
Ulrich Friedrich Wilhelm Joachim von Ribbentrop ("von" was added only later) (30 April 1893 in Wesel,Rhine Province,Prussia,Germany/16 October 1946 in Nuremberg,Bavaria, Germany) was the foreign minister of Germany from 1938 to 1945. He was executed by hanging for war crimes after the Nuremberg trials.
Drom 1936 to 1938, before the Second World War, he had been the ambassador to the United Kingdom.
Sing: Chapter 1
Sing: Chapter 1 is a studio album from country superstar Wynonna Judd, to be released on February 3, 2009. It is her seventh solo studio album and the follow-up to her successful 2003 album What the World Needs Now Is Love and her holiday-themed 2006 release A Classic Christmas.
Ancient Rome
Ancient Rome was a civilization that started in the city of Rome on the Italian Peninsula. Roman civilization was the most important civilization in the Mediterranean region, Europe and the Near East from the late 3rd century BC. Roman civilization existed throughout Classical Antiquity, Late Antiquity, and the Middle Ages. However, "Ancient Rome" means the ancient history of Roman civilization before the Middle Ages. Traditionally, the fall of the western Roman Empire during the 5th century AD is the start of the Middle Ages in Western Europe.
Sing: Chapter 1
Album information
Wynonna teamed up with Brent Maher and Don Potter - the duo behind the many successes that Wynonna had as one half of the mother-daughter duo The Judds with mom Naomi.
The album, contains 12 cover songs which Wynonna states "are a real cross-section of all the different genres I grew up with. It’s all me, its all part of the tapestry of who I am."
Ancient Rome
In Classical Antiquity, the Roman Empire controlled a large area of land. It stretched from Great Britain to the Arabian Peninsula. Ancient Rome has been important to the history of Europe, North Africa and Western Asia, where the Romans controlled many lands. Ancient Rome's culture took ideas from other civilizations, especially Ancient Greece and the Greek kingdoms of the Hellenistic period. Ancient Roman ideas have been very influential for later civilizations.
The Romans' Latin language became the most common language in the western Mediterranean and Western Europe and is the ancestor of Romance languages. The Roman emperors were responsible for making Christianity Rome's state religion, and the Romans spread Christianity across the Roman Empire in Late Antiquity. Roman Christianity replaced the Roman religion and other traditional religions.
The Romans made many improvements to warfare, writing, engineering, architecture, irrigation and transport.
History
The Romans became the most powerful state in the eastern Mediterranean after wars against Macedonia, and the Mithridatic Wars against the Kingdom of Pontus. The Hellenistic period and the Roman Republic ended after Julius Caesar was assassinated. The Romans fought long civil wars.
Queen (band)
Queen are a British rock band. It was formed in London in 1970. They are among the most commercially successful bands in history. They have sold over 300 million albums worldwide. The first members of the band were Freddie Mercury (lead vocals, piano), Brian May (lead guitar, vocals), Roger Taylor (drums, vocals), and John Deacon (bass guitar). their current guest lead singer is Adam Lambert.
Ancient Rome
History
Almost three centuries later, in 293 AD, Diocletian split the government of the empire into two parts, East and West. From Diocletian's time there was usually more than one emperor at a time, each of whom controlled part of the empire.
Queen (band)
Freddie Mercury died of an AIDS-related bronchopneumonia on November 24, 1991 aged 45. In 1997 John Deacon retired to spend more time with his family. The other two former members toured with Paul Rodgers from 2005 to 2009. In December 2018 it was announced Queen & Lambert will bring its Rhapsody Tour to The Forum in 2019. Three of their biggest hits were "Bohemian Rhapsody”, "We Will Rock You", and "We Are the Champions".
Ancient Rome
History
In the 5th century AD, the lands of the Western Roman Empire split up into different kingdoms. After Romulus Augustulus, there were no more emperors in the Western Roman Empire, whose government ended in 476 AD. In Western Europe, that is the end of Antiquity and the start of the Early Middle Ages.
Queen (band)
Formation
With his friend Tim Staffell, Brian May started a band called 1984 in the mid-1960s. The band broke up after a little bit and then May decided to make another band and teamed up with two other college students named Tim Staffell and Roger Taylor. They called themselves "Smile" with Roger Taylor on drums and vocals, Tim Staffell on vocals and bass and Brian May on guitar and vocals. They did a few hits such as "April Lady". Tim Staffell became friends with another college student, Farrokh Bulsara (to be later known as Freddie Mercury) and Farrokh became a big fan of Smile and encouraged them a lot. Later on, Tim left Smile to join Humpy Bongs and Farrokh Bulsara subsequently joined the band on vocals and piano in 1970. Then Farrokh came up with the name Queen, so they changed it from "Smile" to "Queen". They then started auditions for a new bassist. They were going through several bassists during this time and none of them stuck, only lasting for about a few minutes. None of the auditioners managed to suit the place of the new bassist, but finally in 1971, they settled on John Deacon. Queen's first album was released in 1973 and it was called Queen with songs such as "Seven Seas of Rhye" and "Liar". Farrokh Bulsara changed his name to Freddie Mercury after the lyrics "Mother Mercury, look what they've done to me" in "My Fairy King".
Ancient Rome
History
The Romans lost control of Rome and most of the Italian Peninsula. The later Roman Empire during the Middle Ages is sometimes named the Eastern Roman Empire, or Byzantine Empire. Historians now use the latter name because the Romans' capital city was Constantinople (once called Byzantium), and its emperors controlled the eastern half of the Mediterranean Basin. The Eastern Roman Empire existed until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, when it was defeated by the Ottoman Empire.
Queen (band)
References
one of the best bands in the 60s and 70s
Ancient Rome
Culture
Roman culture spread to Western Europe and the area around the Mediterranean Sea. Its history still has a big influence on the world today. For example, Roman ideas about laws, government, art, literature, and language are important to European culture. The Romans' language, Latin, slowly evolved to become modern French, Spanish, Italian, Romanian and many other languages. Latin also indirectly influenced many other languages such as English.
Graeco-Roman polytheism
The most common religion of ancient Rome in its first centuries was Graeco-Roman polytheism (many gods). The traditional religion of the city of Rome was polytheist. The most important gods were the Capitoline triad, three gods that were worshipped on the Capitoline Hill, Jupiter (the father and king of the gods), Juno (the queen of the gods) and Minerva (the goddess of wisdom). The goddess Minerva was born without a mother from the body of Jupiter. Roman mythology said that among the Romans' ancestors were Venus (the goddess of love) and Mars (the god of war and the son of Jupiter and Juno). The gods Apollo and Bacchus were taken by the Romans from Greek mythology, and many of the Romans' religious practices were the same as those of the ancient Greeks. The Romans also worshipped the goddesses Cybele and Isis, whose cults they took from Hellenistic Anatolia and Egypt.
Field Spaniel
The Field Spaniel is a mid-sized spaniel dog. They were first developed to be show dogs in the late 19th and early 20th centuries because they were not as good at hunting as their cousins the English Springer Spaniels and Cocker Spaniels. Later in the 20th century they were bred to have longer legs and became good gun dogs.
Ancient Rome
Graeco-Roman polytheism
Roman worship often took the form of sacrifices. Romans tried to please the gods by giving food or other gifts to the gods and to other deities, including the souls of dead people. With such sacrifices, the Romans hoped to avoid bad luck and bring good luck, such as fertility and a successful harvest, or victory in war. The Romans built temples to house the images of their gods. The images were usually statues, and the Romans would offer sacrifices by burning food or frankincense. Precious objects would be given to the gods in rituals and stored in the temples. The Romans believed that pleased the gods. The Romans also practiced ritual purification to avoid bad luck or offending the gods and the spirits.
Field Spaniel
Colour
They are coloured either brown or black and might have white marks on their chest.
Ancient Rome
Judaeo-Christian monotheism
Judaism was common in the ancient Roman world, and there was a Jewish diaspora in many cities like Rome from the Hellenistic period. Christianity started in the east in Hellenistic Judaea. In Classical Antiquity, the Roman government did not like Christianity. Sometimes, Roman governors or emperors ordered the persecution of Christians. Under Emperor Diocletian, the persecution became the strongest. Christianity became an officially-supported religion in the Roman Empire under Constantine I. With the signing of the Edict of Milan by Licinius and Constantine in 313, it became the most powerful religion, and the Christian Church began the persecution of Christians with whom the official ("orthodox" and "catholic") disagreed. Then, in 391 AD, an edict of Theodosius I made Christianity Rome's official religion. The state church of the Roman Empire became the state religion in the empire. (The state church later split into the modern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church.)
Field Spaniel
Temper
They can make good family pets and are usually good at being around children.
Numbers
They are now (2021) thought to be a rare breed but their numbers are starting to grow.
Ancient Rome
Eastern Roman Empire
The Byzantines were threatened by the rise of Islam, whose followers took over the territories of Syria, Armenia and Egypt and soon threatened to take over Constantinople. In the next century, the Arabs also captured southern Italy and Sicily.
Courtly love
Courtly love is a special idea of love that people had in Europe in the Middle Ages. The word "court" means the courts where princes or dukes lived. Courtly love is usually when a young man, who may be a peasant or even a simple King, falls in love with a rich lady and tries to make himself worthy of her by doing brave things or by singing beautiful love songs.
Ancient Rome
Eastern Roman Empire
The West responded with the Crusades, which eventually resulted in the Fourth Crusade, which conquered Constantinople in 1204. Several Roman states took pieces of the now-smaller empire. After the recapture of Constantinople by the Romans, the empire was little more than a Greek-speaking state confined to the coast of the Aegean Sea and the Sea of Marmara. The empire came to an end by Mehmed II conquering Constantinople on 29 May 1453.
Courtly love
The idea of courtly love can be found in a lot of literature e.g. in works by Geoffrey Chaucer, Dante, Gottfried von Strassburg, Walther von der Vogelweide, Wolfram von Eschenbach, Malory and William Shakespeare.
Union List of Artist Names
The Union List of Artist Names (ULAN) is an online database containing the names, alternative names, and biographies of visual artists and architects. It also contains other information such their patrons, and the subjects of portraits they have created. The ULAN is run by the Getty Research Institute. The institute began developing the database in 1984.
Lieutenant Governor of Utah
The incumbent lieutenant governor is Republican Deidre Henderson, who has served since 2021.
The Club of the Big Deed
The Club of the Big Deed (Союз Великого дела) is a 1927 Soviet silent drama movie directed by Grigori Kozintsev and Leonid Trauberg. The movie is about 1825 Decembrist revolt. It stars Emil Gal, Sergei Gerasimov, and Konstantin Khokhlov.
TESOL Journal
The TESOL Journal is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal about theory and research about teaching English to speakers of other languages (TESOL). Wiley-Blackwell publishes it for the TESOL International Association. The journal was edited by Kanavillil Rajagopalan (University of Campinas), Margo DelliCarpini (The City University of New York), and Joy Egbert (Washington State University) (2015-2018).
Bartolomeo Cristofori
Life
Cristofori was born in Padua. Not much is known about Cristofori's early life. In 1688, he worked for Prince Ferdinando de' Medici in Florence as a musical instrument technician. He ook care of instruments for the prince. In 1716, he became the custode (steward) of the musical instruments. He made harpsichords and other keyboard instruments. He had his own workshop.
He started to experiment with hammer mechanisms in 1700. His earliest known piano was called Arpicembalo, che fa il piano, e il forte (English: "A keyboard instrument which makes soft and loud sound"). The instrument became popular outside of Florence. He sold pianos to customers in Florence and Rome. Gottfried Silbermann learned of Cristofori's invention. He started to make his own pianos. Lodovico Giustini published 12 sonatas for the instrument in 1732. This was the first collection of music specifically for the piano.
Cristofori died on January 27, 1731 at the age of 75.
Instrumentation
Instrumentation is the science of measuring and controlling variables. Variables are anything that can affect or change other things. Instrumentation can be used to make processes faster or more efficient, meaning they use less effort, energy or money to produce the same results.
The word instrumentation may also mean the machines made to measure and control things.
The science of instrumentation involves figuring out the best way to measure or control something, building the machine or tools, and checking if the results are good and true. It may also include setting up and using the machine or tools.
Oligocene
The Oligocene is the last geological epoch in the Palaeogene. It lasted for about 11 million years, from 34 million years ago to 23 million years ago. It was preceded by the Eocene and followed by the Miocene. During the Oligocene, the world continued to get cooler from its peak in the mid-Eocene. The world was still largely forested, but grasslands began to spread. Ice formed in Antarctica. The period is seen as one of transition, both in climate and in the biota.
Instrumentation
Variables
An instrument is a tool used to measure and control the variables that affect a process. Here are some variables that people use instrumentation to measure and control:
Instruments
Two examples of instruments are valves and flame detectors. A valve is a controlling instrument that controls the flow of fluids, which can be gases, liquids, or other fluids. A flame detector is a measurement instrument that detects a flame by analyzing the light.
Instrumentation engineering
The engineering behind instrumentation deals with mechanics and use of measuring instruments. Instrumentation engineers usually work in industries with automated processes. For example, chemical and manufacturing plants often have robots and other machines doing a lot of the work. Instrumentation engineers try to make things more safe, productive and stable. They sometimes use computers.
2012 UEFA European Under-19 Championship
The 2012 UEFA European Under-19 Championship was the 61st edition of UEFA's European Under-19 Championship (the eleventh since the age competition change to an Under-19 level) and took place in Estonia from 3 to 15 July. Spain are the title holders. This competition also proceeded as a qualifying competition for the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup, as six sides from Europe qualify.
Players born after 1 January 1993 were eligible to participate in this competition.
Luigi Facta
Luigi Facta (16 November 1861 – 5 November 1930) was an Italian politician, lawyer and journalist. He was the last Prime Minister of Italy before Benito Mussolini.
2012 UEFA European Under-19 Championship
Qualification
Qualification for the final tournament occurred in two stages: a qualifying round and an elite round. During these rounds, 51 national teams competed to determine the seven teams that would join the automatically qualified host nation Estonia.
The qualifying round was played between 21 September and 16 November 2011. Liechtenstein did not enter and England, France and Spain received a bye to the elite round as a result of their UEFA ranking coefficient. The remaining 48 teams were divided into 12 groups of four teams, with each group being contested as a mini-tournament hosted by one of the group's teams. After all matches were played, the 12 group winners, 12 group runners-up and the best third-placed team advanced to the elite round.
The elite round was played between 23 and 31 May 2012. The 28 teams entering this phase were split into seven groups of four teams for a further round of mini-tournaments. The seven group winners qualified for the final tournament.
Qualified teams
The following eight teams qualified for the final tournament:
Group stage
The draw was held on 6 June 2012 in Tallinn, Estonia.
Each group winner and runner-up advanced to the semifinals. The top three teams in each group also qualified for the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup.
If two or more teams are equal on points on completion of the group matches, the following criteria are applied to determine the rankings. Additionally, if two teams which have the same number of points and the same number of goals scored and conceded play their last group match against each other and are still equal at the end of that match, their final rankings are determined by the penalty shoot-out and not by the criteria listed above. This procedure is applicable only if a ranking of the teams is required to determine the group winner and the runner-up.
All times are Eastern European Summer Time (UTC+3)
Team of the tournament
After the final, the UEFA technical team selected 23 players to integrate the "team of the tournament".
Shawn Fonteno
Shawn Darnell Fonteno, also known as Solo, is an American actor and rapper. He is best known as the voice and the motion capture performer of Franklin Clinton in the video game Grand Theft Auto V (2013). He is also the cousin of rapper Young Maylay who voiced Carl "CJ" Johnson, the protagonist of Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas.
Fonteno was born in Los Angeles, California, and grew up in neighborhood of Watts.
Frénouville
Frénouville is a commune. It is in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Drawl
A drawl is the prolongation of certain vowels in certain dialects of English. Drawls are commonly associated with Southern American English, in which vowel breaking can occur. Vowel breaking is the addition of more sounds to the vowel.
Friardel
Friardel is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of La Vespière-Friardel.
Noise
Noise is another word for sound. It usually means it is not wanted. Noise is perceived by our ears. They can be damaged by noise. Noise is created through any object, which produces vibration unnecessarily.
Noise can also mean data (information) that typically does not have a meaning, like white noise. Loudspeaker measurements can use white noise for measuring loudspeakers frequency response.
Noise can also refer to some math that makes random numbers. Click here to learn about it.
In electronics, heat produces noise in resistors. Depending on the type of resistor, the amount of noise may differ. Most audio devices are designed not to produce noise.
Caronte & Tourist
Caronte & Tourist S.p.A. is a private shipping company resulting from the merger of two historic maritime transport companies, the Calabrian Caronte S.p.A. and the Sicilian Tourist Ferry Boat S.p.A. It works mainly with maritime connections in the Strait of Messina.
History
The company Caronte was born on June 19 1965. Since 1968 with the "Tourist Ferry Boat", Messina it's linked to Villa San Giovanni, today it has a substantial monopoly. Since 2001, the company connects Messina with Salerno. In 2003, the two companies merged into Caronte & Tourist S.p.A.
Angelo Fagiani
Angelo Fagiani (18 April 1943 – 4 July 2020) was an Italian Roman Catholic archbishop. He was ordained to the priesthood in 1967. He was archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Camerino-San Severino Marche, Italy, from 1999 until 2007.
Fagiani died on 4 July 2020, aged 77.
Şırnak
Şırnak is a city in eastern Turkey. The city is in the Eastern Anatolia Region. In 2020, 96,285 people lived there.
Adult school
Adult school is a type of school for adults. The school is for any adult who has not finished high school and want to finish it. A number of adult schools have programs like child care or immigration services.
History
In 1798, two men in England named Samuel Fox and William Singleton are both the minds behind adult school. They both created an adult school in Nottingham, England. It does not have a name. At first, the classes were for young adult aged women that had classes from hosiery to lacing. As the years passed by, the school included men.
Soccer mom
In America, a soccer mom is a middle-class woman in the suburbs who spends a lot of time taking her school-aged children to sports events and other activities. The soccer mom often drives a minivan, SUV or station wagon. Soccer moms are often completely involved and coach their children from the sidelines.The term soccer mom dates back to the early or mid 1980s. The term became more popular when newspapers began using it a lot in 1994 or 1995. It became very popular around 1996, when politicians were constantly using it during the presidential election of 1996, including then-President Bill Clinton.
Hasan Azizul Huq
Hasan Azizul Huq (2 February 1939 — 15 November 2021) was a Bangladeshi short-story writer and novelist. He was awarded Ekushey Padak in 1999. His best known work was Agunpakhi.
Sergey Zagraevsky
Sergey Wolfgangowitsch Zagraevsky (Сергей Вольфгангович Заграевский, סרגיי זגרייבסקי; 20 August 1964 – 6 July 2020) was a Russian-Israeli painter, architectural historian, writer and theologian. He was born in Moscow. Zagraevsky was also a full member of Russian art critics Academy from 2001 until his death, the AICA from 2004 until his death, and the Writers union of Russia (since 2001), a Honored culture worker of Russia (since 2009), a member of Russian Academy of Arts from 2013 until his death.
Zagraevsky died on 6 July 2020 at a Moscow hospital from acute heart failure, aged 55.
Manuel Valls
Manuel Carlos Valls (, born 13 August 1962) is a Spanish-born French politician. He became the Prime Minister of France on 31 March 2014.
Valls was born in Barcelona to a Swiss mother and Spanish painter Xavier Valls.
Royal court
A royal court or noble court is the household of a royal family—including its advisors and attendants. The building is often called a palace, but the "royal court" means not just the buildings but all the royal household (all the people who live and work there). Someone who has a rank in a royal court is called a court official or courtier. A royal court can also include the wives and concubines of the ruler.
It is called a court because in early times the palace would have a court (an enclosed space) at the front.
A famous example is Hampton Court on the river Thames in London where Henry VIII had his court. Today the King holds court at Buckingham Palace.
Fumichon
Fumichon is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Electoral district of Bundaberg
Bundaberg is an electoral district of Queensland. It was created in 1888.
Sivas
Sivas is a city in eastern Turkey. The city is in the Eastern Anatolia Region. In 2020, 382,520 people lived there.
Mineral Point, Wisconsin
Mineral Point is a city in Iowa County, Wisconsin, United States. The city is located within the Town of Mineral Point. Mineral Point is part of the Madison Metropolitan Statistical Area. This is Wisconsin's third oldest city. Mineral Point was settled in 1827. The population was 2,487 at the 2010 census.
Renovation
Remodelling, remodeling or renovation is the process of changing, adding onto, repairing or otherwise changing a building such as a house. Such renovations include
Windows 9x
Windows 9x is a general term referring to a series (or family) of Microsoft Windows computer operating systems. These were produced from 1995 to 2000. These were based on the Windows 95 kernel and its underlying foundation of MS-DOS. Both were updated in following versions. This includes all versions of Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows ME. In common usage, the term Windows 9x itself often includes Windows ME. However, this is not always the case and it is more often expressed as "Windows 9x/ME". Support for Windows 9x was terminated on July 11, 2006, when extended support for Windows 98 and Windows ME ended. Extended support for Windows 95 ended on December 31, 2001.
Operating systems
Windows 9x can refer to either an individual or all of the following versions of Microsoft Windows:
The End of St. Petersburg
The End of St. Petersburg (Конец Санкт-Петербурга) is a 1927 Soviet drama movie directed by Vsevolod Pudovkin and Mikhail Doller. It stars Alexander Chistyakov, Vera Baranovskaya, and Ivan Chuvelev.
History of racial segregation in the United States
Racial segregation means separating people because of their races. In the United States, racial segregation has existed since before the United States was its own country. Slavery, racist laws, racist attitudes, and many other things caused the United States to segregate white and non-white people for century. Although segregation is now against the law, racist attitudes still remain, and new forms of segregation have formed over time.
Background
The first African slaves were brought to America in 1619. This was just nine years after British settlers created the first permanent settlements in America, at Jamestown, Virginia.
People in all thirteen American colonies used slaves. Many of the Founding Fathers of the United States owned slaves, including George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, John Hancock, James Madison, Patrick Henry, and John Jay.
Abolitionists started trying to make slavery illegal in the mid-1700s. By 1804, all of the northern states had ended slavery. However, none of the Southern states had. The Southern states believed that slavery was their right, and they did not want to give it up. Cotton had become a very important crop in the South. Owners of large cotton plantations were used to having slaves to do work for free, which made the plantation owners richer because they did not have to pay anybody to work. pp. 232–233
Eventually, the South tried to leave the United States. p. 278 This caused the American Civil War. The North won, and in 1865, the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution made slavery illegal everywhere in the country. In 1868 and 1870, the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments gave African-Americans citizenship, and gave them the right to vote.
Segregation continues in the South
Losing the Civil War did not change people's ideas about African-American people. During slavery, slave owners had not seen slaves as humans. They saw them as property, things to buy and sell, like animals you would use on a farm. After the War, many white people still did not see African-Americans as equal to whites.
In 1896, in a case called Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that these laws were legal. They said that segregation was fine, as long as things were "separate but equal." In the South, everything was separate. However, places like black schools and libraries got much less money and were not as good as places for whites. Things were separate, but not equal.
Segregation kept African-Americans from having the basic rights that the Founding Fathers had written into the Constitution of the United States. Law-makers, government officials, voting officials, and police officers were all white. This prevented African-Americans from having any say in their government; being able to get the same voting rights as white people; having police officers protect them; or being able to get justice for crimes against them. Because they could not count on all-white police forces to protect them, violence against African-Americans, especially lynchings, increased. Because African-Americans could not vote, they also could not serve on juries. This meant that if a black person was ever on trial for a crime, the jury would be all-white.
Tanganyika Province
Tanganyika is one of the 26 provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its capital is Kalemie.
History of racial segregation in the United States
Across the United States
Problems were worst in the South. However, African-Americans went through different kinds of segregation in other places.
Tanganyika Province
The province was made in 2015 from part of the old Katanga Province.
History of racial segregation in the United States
Across the United States
When he was elected in 1913, President Woodrow Wilson made government offices segregated. He believed that segregation was best for everyone.
Tanganyika Province
Territories are:
History of racial segregation in the United States
Early activism
African Americans tried to fight back against discrimination in many ways. Mostly, they tried to use the courts to get justice. For example, in 1909, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was created. Its goal was to end race discrimination through lawsuits, education, and lobbying.
However, eventually, many African Americans became frustrated and began to dislike the idea of using slow, legal strategies to achieve desegregation. Instead, African American activists decided to use a combination of protests, nonviolence, and civil disobedience. This is how the Civil Rights Movement of 1954-1968 began.
Civil Rights Movement
From about 1954 to 1968, many African-American people – and white allies – fought to end racial segregation. The movement depended on non-violent protests, sit-ins, marches, civil disobedience, and lawsuits. Its victories included:
Valeriy Dolinin
Valeriy Alekseyevich Dolinin (Валерий Алексеевич Долинин, 25 July 1953 – 15 November 2021) was a Soviet rower. He won silver medals at the 1980 Summer Olympics and 1982 World Rowing Championships. He was born in Leningrad, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union.
History of racial segregation in the United States
Civil Rights Movement
These victories were not easy. Protesters were often threatened and attacked. Leaders' homes were bombed. In Birmingham, the police attacked protesters, including children, with police dogs and fire hoses, then took them to jail. In other cities, police beat protesters with clubs and fired into student protests. Three of the movement's leaders – Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcolm X, and Medgar Evers – were murdered.
Basement conversion
Basement conversion is the process of turning an unfinished basement into habitable space which is heated and cooled.
History of racial segregation in the United States
Civil Rights Movement
Nobody knows exactly how many people were killed during the Civil Rights Movement. However, at least 37 people were murdered, either because they were doing civil rights work, or because racist white groups like the Ku Klux Klan and the White Citizens' Council wanted to terrorize black people. Twelve of these people were children or teenagers when they were murdered.
Eventually, the Movement was successful in removing the laws that allowed segregation. However, attitudes are harder to change, and racism still exists in the United States.
Segregation of Native Americans
Andrew Jackson was a big supporter of "Indian removal" – convincing or forcing Native Americans to leave the South and move west, outside of the United States. First as a Major General in the United States Army, and then as President, he led the United States' "Indian removal" program.
Indian removal
In 1829, Jackson became President. That same year, gold was found in Georgia, which caused a gold rush. This only made white people in the United States want control of the South even more. In 1830, Jackson passed the Indian Removal Act of 1830. This law said Jackson could give land west of the Mississippi River to Indian tribes if they agreed to give up their lands in the South. The law promised the tribes that they could live on their new lands forever, and be protected by the United States government. By the time his presidency ended in 1837, Jackson had gotten Native Americans to sign almost 70 treaties giving up their land. Almost 50,000 Native Americans moved to "Indian Territory" west of the Mississippi River. However, the government already had a plan to force them into a smaller area, in what is now eastern Oklahoma.
The Trail of Tears
The Cherokee Nation refused to leave their lands. They even got the United States Supreme Court to rule that they were sovereign and did not have to follow the laws of the United States. Jackson simply ignored this ruling. In 1835, he got a small group of Cherokee to sign a treaty agreeing to leave their lands. The rest of the Cherokee Nation tried to keep their lands. However, in 1838, the United States Army and the Georgia militia forced them to leave their lands. On what is known as the "Trail of Tears," about 15,000 Cherokee were forced to walk over 2,000 miles to Oklahoma. About 4,000 died along the way.
By the 1840s, except for a few Seminole Indians living in Florida, there were no Native Americans left in the American South.
Reservations
In 1851, the United States Congress passed a law that created Indian reservations in Oklahoma. White settlers had already begun to move into the lands the Native Americans had been forced to move to. This was causing conflicts between whites and Native Americans. The goal of the reservations was to segregate the Native Americans from white settlers.
Valeriy Dolinin
Dolinin died on 15 November 2021 in Moscow, Russia at the age of 68.
History of racial segregation in the United States
Reservations
In 1868, President Ulysses S. Grant decided to create more reservations, and force Native American tribes that lived in the west to move to them. Along with segregating the Native Americans and clearing their land for white use, Grant planned to have church officials run the reservations so they could teach Christianity to the tribes.
Many tribes refused to leave their lands, and were forced onto reservations by the United States Army. If Native Americans left their reservations, the Army went after them to try to force them back onto the reservations. This led to massacres of Native Americans, and some wars.
In 1887, Congress passed the Dawes Act. This law stopped giving land to whole tribes, and broke up the land into small pieces for individual families to use for farming. Indians who took the land, started living alone instead of with their tribes, and started farming were viewed as "civilized," and they were made United States citizens. Indians who refused to segregate themselves even more on small pieces of land were not allowed to be citizens. Whatever land was left was sold to white settlers, which made the reservations even smaller.
It was not until 1975 that the Supreme Court ruled that tribes are sovereign over tribal lands and members of the tribe.
As of 2015, all of the Indian reservations in the United States, together, make up 87,800 square miles – an area about the size of Idaho. However, Native Americans are now allowed to live or work anywhere they want to, and as of 2016, more than half have left the reservations.
Japanese-American internment
On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaii and declared war on the United States. This caused the United States to enter World War II and start fighting Japan, as well as Nazi Germany and Italy.
In February 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed an order that allowed the military to force people to leave the West Coast. However, Japanese-Americans were the only people on the West Coast who were forced to leave. They were given 48 hours to leave their homes for internment camps. These were camps where Japanese-Americans were kept separate from everybody else. The camps were surrounded by barbed wire and guarded by soldiers with guns.
The United States government forced over 110,000 Japanese-American people into internment camps. (This was over 80% of the Japanese-American people who lived in the continental United States at the time. ) More than three out of every five of these people were born in the United States, and were United States citizens. About half were children.
Because the United States was fighting Nazi Germany and Italy as well as Japan, some German-Americans and Italian-Americans were forced into internment camps too. So were some Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany. However, none of this was as common as it was with Japanese-Americans.
In 1945, the year World War II ended, the United States let people out of the camps. However, many of the people who were interned had lost everything they had. In 1988, the United States government finally apologized and said that there was no reason for the internment other than racism.
Knesset elections results
Knesset elections results.
Tokat
Tokat is a city in northeastern Turkey. The city is in the Black Sea Region. In 2020, 203,395 people lived there.
QueerSportSplit
Queer Sport Split (short: QSS) is a charity organization from Split, Croatia. It has a focus on the sport, culture and leisure of LGBTIQ+ community. It also works in education and research on the sports and LGBTIQ+ topics. It was registered in 2011 and is the longest running local LGBTIQ+ organization in Split and Dalmatia region.
Local activities and relevance
QSS does periodic activities like: excursions and hiking, bocce, recreational swimming and socializing programs like 'Sport i pivo', 'PlesnjaQ' and 'Domaćinstvo' for LGBTIQ+ community. Screenings and presentations are organized to inform and inspire participants. QSS helps organizing Split Pride and running of LGBT Center Split. It does art in public space, with international artists like Maria Molteni who writes:
"Since 2011, Queer Sport Split has organized gatherings and interventions with “soft activism”: activism that intervenes in the public space of the city through crocheting and knitting. The first such intervention was during the planning of Split Pride in 2012, where knit flags pointed to the right of all citizens to public space, rights which the LGBTIQ population was denied by the local government. In 2014, Queer Sport Split held the Marathon On Needles, a public knit-in, to promote access to public space, guerrilla activism, and social participation."
In last few years it does ballroom culture and vogue dance events in cooperation with CLUBTURE.
International activities and networks
In 2012 it was co-organizing an international conference Contesting/Contexting SPORT 2012, with EPAS (part of Council of Europe), EGLSF (European Gay and Lesbian Federation) and qSPORT - Zagreb.
It contributes to large international exhibitions and publications.
In 2018-2019 it was the leading Erasmus+ research project 'Beyond Binaries' with five other LGBTIQ+ sport organizations, in collaboration with institutions, networks and initiatives active in research and sport work.
'The project aims to create understanding for the highly limiting societal effects that the gender segregation unfolds, especially for and by examining the experiences of members of the LGBTQI+ community.'
In 2019-2021 it is part of Rainbow Youth for Sporting Equity - a research and education project by LEAP Sports Scotland and European University Sport Association and project CEEyouSPORT led by EGLSF.
It is part of regional network ERA and their contact point for Croatia.
Giuseppe Bertini
Giuseppe Bertini (11 December 1825 – 24 November 1898) was an Italian painter, active in Milan. Most of his early paintings were on historical subjects. Later in life, he specialised in portraits. Some of his most famous paintings were frescos. He also designed several stained glass windows made by his brother Pompeo.
Life
Bertini was born in Milan. He studied at the Brera Academy under Luigi Sabatelli and Giuseppe Bisi. In 1845 was awarded the Brera's Grand Prize in Painting for his picture of the meeting between Dante and Fra Ilario. Between 1848 and 1860 Bertini sometimes taught painting at the Brera Academy. When the academy was reorganized in 1860, he was made a permanent professor there. He was in charge of one of the academy's two schools of painting. Francesco Hayez was in charge of the other one. Bertini remained a professor at the academy until the end of the 19th century. Francesco Filippini was one of his students.
Cailleach
Cailleach, also known as Beara, was a goddess in Ancient Celtic mythology. She is often portrayed as the founding deity of Scotland. Cailleach is sometimes regarded as the daughter of the Irish moon god, Elier mac Delbáed. She was worshipped as a heavenly hag, and supreme being.
2019 NBA Finals
The 2019 NBA Finals was a championship series in the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s 2018–19 season. Both teams played in a "best-of-seven" series (one team has to win at least four games). This series began on May 30th and ended on June 13th, with the Raptors winning 4-2. The Toronto Raptors won against the two-time defending champion Golden State Warriors. Kawhi Leonard was named the Finals MVP for the second time in his career, after 2014. Both teams had won their conference finals (the Raptors play in the Eastern Conference and the Warriors play in the Western Conference), meaning that they had to face off. This was the first time the Raptors won an NBA Finals and also the first time a Canadian team, and a team outside the United States overall, had won the Finals.
The Warriors played in the NBA Finals again. It was their fifth straight time playing in the Finals, and their last until 2022. This was the first time that the Raptors had ever played in the NBA Finals, just 23 years after they joined the league in 1996.
This was the first Finals since 2010 not to include LeBron James who played in the last eight Finals. Of which, he made four each with the Miami Heat and Cleveland Cavaliers.
Victory parade
On 17 June, the Raptors held a parade in Toronto to celebrate them winning. It began at Princes' Gates in Exhibition Place and ended at Nathan Phillips Square next to the Toronto City Hall. Over two million people came to watch the parade. Because of this, the parade was the largest public gathering in Canadian history. However, because there were so many people, the parade was slowed down by three hours.
Greg Bell (politician)
Gregory S. Bell (born October 16, 1948) is an American Republican politician, real estate developer, and attorney. He was the seventh Lieutenant Governor of Utah from 2009 until 2013. He was a member of the Utah State Senate from 2003 until 2009.
Garcelles-Secqueville
Garcelles-Secqueville is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Le Castelet.
Ancient Manipur (disambiguation)
Ancient Manipur may refer to:
Gaten Matarazzo
Gaetano John "Gaten" Matarazzo III (born September 8, 2002) is an American actor. He is best known for starring as Dustin Henderson in the Netflix series Stranger Things. He has also appeared in a number of Broadway stage productions, including Les Misérables.
Uşak
Uşak is a city in western Turkey. The city is in the Aegean Region. In 2020, 256,050 people lived there.
Gaten Matarazzo
His parents are Gaten Matarazzo II (father) Heather Matarazzo (mother).
Haut-Lomami
Haut-Lomami is one of the 26 provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The capital is Kamina.