cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Vietnamese Declaration of Independence
Text
For these reasons, we, members of the Provisional Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, solemnly declare to the world that Vietnam has the right to be a free and independent country-and in fact is so already. The entire Vietnamese people are determined to mobilize all their physical and mental strength, to sacrifice their lives and property in order to safeguard their independence and liberty."
Roy Carr-Hill
Roy Carr-Hill (1943 - 2022) was a professor at the Centre for Health Economics at the University of York from 1983 when it started. He was born in Widnes. He first worked in criminology and penology. He stayed at York until he retired in 2011 and still worked there after that. He is most well known for the Carr-Hill formula, which sets most of the pay for general practitioners in the United Kingdom. It includes individual patients' age, gender and health conditions and calculates a "weighted" count of patients according to need. This gives more money where it is most needed and takes some away from richer areas He did a lot  of work in the field of inequality and poverty, both in the UK and in low- and middle-income countries. In Africa he did a lot of work on education. He was an active member of the Radical Statistics Group.
Indian independence movement
The Indian independence movement was a movement from 1857 until 15 August 1947, when India got its independence from the British Raj.
European Rule
Vasco da Gama of Portugal had discovered a sea route to India. He had reached Kozhikode (Calicut, Kerala) in 1498. After this, many Europeans started coming to India for trading. They made their offices and forts in various parts of India. The British East India Company became the major force in India. The company's troops led by Robert Clive defeated the rulers of Bengal in 1757. This battle became famous as the Battle of Plassey. That was the beginning of British rule, known as the British Raj, in India. In 1764, the Battle of Buxar was won by the English forces. After this, the British got control over Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
The Parliament of the United Kingdom passed many laws to help the British East India Company. The Regulating Act of 1773, the India Act of 1784, and the Charter Act of 1813 were designed to help trade with India.
Revolt of 1857
India's First War of Independence (by this name later a book was published by V.D Savarkar) was a revolt of Indian soldiers and people (rulers and peasants) against British rule. Historians had used the terms like the Indian Mutiny or the Sepoy Mutiny to describe this event. The rebellion by Indian troops of the British Raj started in May 1857 and continued until December 1858. Many reasons had combined to result in this rebellion.
The British rulers continued to forcibly take regions ruled by Indians and made these regions part of the British Raj. They did not give any respect to old royal houses of India like the Mughals and the Peshwa. They also made the Indian soldiers of their army use a special type of cartridge (immediate cause of the rebel). The soldiers had to open the cartridges with their teeth before loading them into their guns. The cartridges supposedly used cow and pig fat. For Hindus the cow is a sacred animal and they do not eat beef. Similarly, Muslims do not eat pork. Thus, the use of these cartridges made soldiers of both the religions turn against the British. Although the British tried to replace the cartridges, the feelings against them stayed.
Rebellion broke out when a soldier called Mangal Pandey attacked a British sergeant and wounded an adjutant. General Hearsey ordered another Indian soldier to arrest Mangal Pandey but he refused. Later the British arrested Mangal Pandey and the other Indian soldier. The British killed both by hanging them.
The Results
India's First War of Independence was a major event in the history of modern India. The Parliament of the United Kingdom withdrew the right of the British East India Company to rule India in November 1858. The United Kingdom started ruling India directly through its representative called the Viceroy of India(earlier governor-general of India). It made India a part of the British Empire. They promised "the Princes, Chiefs, and People of India," equal treatment under the British law.
The British sent Bahadur Shah II, the last Mughal Emperor, out of India, and kept him in Rangoon (now called Yangon in Burmese), Burma where he died in 1862. The Mughal dynasty, which had ruled India for about four hundred years, ended with his death.
The British also took many steps to employ Indian higher castes and rulers into the government. They stopped taking the lands of the remaining princes and rulers of India. They stopped interference in religious matters. They started employing Indians in the civil services but at lower levels. They increased the number of British soldiers, and allowed only British soldiers to handle artillery.
Organised movements
The period following India's First War of Independence was an important period in the Indian independence movement. Many leaders emerged at the national and provincial levels, and the Indians became more aware of their rights. Social movements also helped in shaping people's outlook, tried for social changes, and tried to remove bad social practices and evils like illiteracy and caste system. During this period, many social and religious leaders worked to inspire the Indian society. They included men like Swami Vivekananda, Ramakrishna, Sri Aurobindo, Subramanya Bharathy, Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Rabindranath Tagore and Dadabhai Naoroji. They spread the message of self-confidence, removing of social evils, and making India free from domination of foreign power. Lokmanya Tilak was one such leader who was not very modest in his views. The British arrested him. In the court he declared: "Swaraj (independence) is my birthright". This concept of Swaraj later became a main policy and philosophy of India's independence movement in the following decades until India became independent.
In 1885, at the suggestion of Allan Octavian Hume, a retired British civil servant, seventy-three Indian delegates met in Bombay. They founded the Indian National Congress. The delegates represented educated Indians in professions such as law, teaching, and journalism. A few years before, Dadabhai Naoroji had already formed the East India Association. It merged with the Indian National Congress to form a bigger party.
To begin with, the Indian National Congress was not a very active political party. It met annually and gave some suggestions to the rulers of the British Raj. The suggestions generally related to civil rights and opportunities for Indians in the government jobs. Despite its claim to represent all Indians, it represented only the educated and higher class of the society. But, it failed to attract all Muslims. Many Muslims had become distrustful of Hindu reformers who raised their voice against matters like religious conversion and killing of cows for their meat. For Hindus, the cow is a sacred animal not to be killed. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan launched a separate movement for Muslims, and founded in 1875 a college in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh state, India. Later, this college became Aligarh University in 1921. The objective of the college was to give modern education to India's Muslims. By 1900, the Indian National Congress had become a national party, but did not represent all groups of Indian society, particularly the Muslims.
Partition of Bengal
In 1905, Lord Curzon (George Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston), the Viceroy and Governor-General (1899-1905) of India divided Bengal province into two provinces: Eastern Bengal & Assam, with its capital at Dhaka, and West Bengal, with its capital at Calcutta (Kolkata). At that time Calcutta was the capital city of the British Raj. The people became very angry at that partition (division), and created the phrase "divide and rule" for the policy followed by the British Empire. The leading intellectual figures of India at that time expressed their unhappiness at this partition. For example, Rabindranath Tagore, the most famous Indian poet (originally from Bengal) composed a poem against this partition.
World War I
During the First World War, Indians gave support to the United Kingdom. About 1.3 million Indian soldiers went to many parts of Europe, Africa, and the Middle East to fight. Many Indians, including the princes and rich people of India, contributed money and materials to the war funds of the United Kingdom. However, many Indian soldiers died in foreign lands. In India, flu called Spanish flu spread like an epidemic killing many people. The tax rates increased in India, and prices also increased. The Indians became restless. In August 1917, Edwin Samuel Montagu, the Secretary of State for India, announced in the British Parliament about many steps to give more rights to Indians. A new law named the Government of India Act of 1919 gave many rights to the Indians in the provincial government. These rights related to farming, local government, health, education, and public works. The British administrators kept matters like taxation, finance, and law and order under their control.
The Rowlatt Act
In 1919 the British made a new law named the Rowlatt Act. Under this law, the government got many powers, including the ability to arrest people and keep them in prisons without a trial. They also obtained the power to stop newspapers from reporting and printing news. The people called this act the Black Act. Indians protested against this law in many places.
The agitation reached a peak in Amritsar (Punjab, India). In Amritsar, on 13th April 1919, about 10,000 Indians had assembled at Jallianwala Bagh. They had no idea of the law that they couldn't gather. The British military commander, Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer ordered his troops to fire at the civilians without any warning. The troops fired 1,650 times. Some historians estimate that the troops killed 379 and injured about 1,137 people. This incident came to be known as the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. With this killing of innocent people, the British lost the trust of the Indian people.
Congress forced Britishers to investigate massacre of jallianwala later, a tehkikat committee was made by congress.
Gandhi's way
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (also known as Mahatma Gandhi) had received his education at London. He was a barrister (lawyer). In 1893, he went to South Africa. After Gandhi was thrown off a train because he was a colored person sitting in a first-class seat, he took that emotion and used it to begin to fight the injustices that many people of color faced at the time. He became successful and the government of South Africa removed most of such rules and restrictions. Gandhi led the Salt March, an act of protest.
When Gandhi returned to India in 1915, few people knew him. Under the leadership of Gandhi, Indians began to use a different method to get freedom over the next few years.
Civil disobedience
In December 1929, the Indian National Congress Party agreed to start a movement for complete independence from British rule. The Party decided to start a movement named to disobey the British rule. It became the civil disobedience movement. They decided to observe 26th January 1930 as the complete Independence Day (this is the reason why India celebrate republic day on 26 January). Many other political parties and revolutionaries came together to support this movement.
Gandhi started this movement, leading 72 people on a 400 kilometer route from Ahmedabad to Dandi (both in the Indian state of Gujarat), on the coast of the Arabian Sea. There they made salt from the seawater and broke a law of British India prohibiting making salt without paying taxes, so this event is referred to as the Salt March. Thus the civil disobedience movement began, and it soon spread throughout India. Indians started to break unfair laws in a peaceful manner in protest against the British rule.The effect of civil disobedience movement in Kerala was at Payannur and Beypore.
Revolutionary activities
Many Indians did not believe in such peaceful protests, claiming that the British would not give independence to Indians so easily. They believed in armed struggle was necessary to oust the British from India. In some way, this had continued for years after the partition of Bengal in 1905. Many revolutionaries and leaders emerged from time to time. Bhagat Singh was one of them.
The elections
The rulers of the British Raj made a new law to govern India, named the Government of India Act 1935. This law aimed at constitutional process to govern India. It had three major aims: to establish a federal system with many provinces, to give self-ruling position (autonomy) to the provinces, and to give the Muslim minority protection through giving them some separate electorates. In such separate electorates only Muslims could stand for elections. In February 1937, elections took place for the provincial assemblies. The members of the Indian National Congress won in five provinces, and held upper position in two more provinces. The Muslim League's performance in the election was not good.
The Indian move to freedom
During the Second World War, the rulers of the British Raj declared India to be a party to the war. They did not discuss the matter with Indians and their leaders. The Indians and their leaders became divided over this matter. Some supported the British, while many did not. British rulers of India wanted the Indians to fight and die in the name of freedom, yet they had denied this freedom to India and the Indians for more than a hundred years. This created a lot of dissatisfaction among Indians, and two big movements for India's independence took shape. The first was the Indian National Army of Subhas Chandra Bose. The second was Quit India Movement of Mohandas Gandhi.
The Indian National Army
Subhas Chandra Bose and many leaders did not like the British decision to drag India into the Second World War. He had twice (in 1937 and 1939) become president of the Indian National Congress Party, the leading Indian political party of that time. However, he and many other leaders of the Indian National Congress Party differed on many matters. He resigned and formed a new party named All India Forward Bloc. The British government of India put him under house arrest, but he escaped in 1941. He reached Germany and secured the support of Germany and Japan to fight the British in India. In 1943, he traveled in submarines of Germany and Japan, and reached Japan. He organised the Indian National Army. The INA fought the troops of the British Raj in northeastern India. Despite many difficulties, INA recorded many victories. However, with the surrender of Japan in 1945, INA's operations stopped. Bose died in a plane crash, but circumstances of his death are not clear.
The British government of India put on trial three Indian National Army officers at the Red Fort in Delhi. The British had chosen for this trial one Hindu, one Sikh, and one Muslim of the INA. This made many Indians of all religions very angry. A naval mutiny also broke out in Bombay. Ultimately, the British ruled that these officers were guilty, but they set them free seeing the public anger. When India became independent, the government of India did not allow the former officers and soldiers of the INA to join the armed forces of the independent India. However, the government granted them very good pensions and other facilities. The Indian public also gave them much respect.
Many consider Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose a controversial figure due to his association with the Axis Powers. But, in India, people consider him a patriotic hero of the Indian independence movement.
Quit India
On 8th August 1942, the leaders of the Indian National Congress Party met in Bombay (Mumbai). The leaders adopted a policy to force the British out of India. Gandhi's slogan "Do or Die" became a national slogan, and the movement became the Quit India Movement. At the beginning of the Second World War, the Indian National Congress Party had supported the British, but they had demanded freedom for India after the war. The British did not agree to this proposal. On 14th July 1942, the Indian National Congress Party passed a resolution demanding complete independence from the British rule. However, this did not have support of some other political parties.
Deem Bristow
Deem Bristow (April 11 1947 - January 15 2005) was an American actor and voice actor who has done various voice roles in animated shows and video games. He was best known for his role as Dr. Eggman in the Sonic the Hedgehog video game series from 1998 to 2004.
Indian independence movement
Quit India
The British action was very quick. They arrested over 100,000 people. They levied fines on many people. They dropped bombs on the people who demonstrated against the British Raj. The troops of the British Raj even beat people with sticks and caned them. The British arrested all the leaders of the Congress Party. Gandhi's wife, Kasturba Gandhi, died during detention, as well as his secretary Mahadev Desai. Gandhi's health had also become very bad. In 1944, the British set him free fearing that Gandhi's death might result in a very large protest by Indians. Gandhi continued to oppose the British, and demanded that all other leaders be set free.
Deem Bristow
Death
Bristow died on January 15, 2005 from a heart attack in San Diego, California at the age of 57.
Duty to rescue
Duty to rescue is a concept that many law systems have: In certain cirumstances, someone can be held responsible for not helping another person who is in danger, and who would be injured, or who would die, if not helped. People are required to help to the best of their abilities. As a bare minimum, this often means alerting emergency services.
Indian independence movement
Quit India
The Second World War had reduced the economic, political, and military strength of the British Empire. They were also aware that after the war Indians would begin a larger movement for independence. The mood of the British people and the British Army had also changed. After the Second World War, most of them were no longer willing to support the British ruling class in India. That position was now clear to the leaders of the United Kingdom. By early 1946, those leaders set free all the political prisoners held in India and opened independence discussions with the Indian National Congress Party. On the 14th of August 1947 Pakistan gained independence and a day later on the 15th of August India gained its independence as well.
Duty to rescue
Not all law systems have this concept, and in general the following is true:
Chinese Taipei at the Olympics
Chinese Taipei has been in many Olympic Games. The country first competed with the Chinese National Olympic Committee. From 1960 to now the country now takes part as the Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee
Duty to rescue
Those helping are often protected by law, against errors they make.
In many cases, the duty to rescue has become customary law. This is the case for example for helping people at sea.
Moral duty to help
One kind of justification is general and applies regardless of role-related relationships: Under this general justification, people have a duty to rescue other people in distress because of their common humanity. With this justification, the specific skills of the rescuer or the nature of the victim's distress are irrelevant.
Specific arguments for such a duty to rescue include:
There are also ethical justifications for role-specific or skill-specific duties of rescue such as those described above under the discussion of U.S. Common Law. Generally, these justifications are rooted in the idea that the best rescues, the most effective rescues, are done by those with special skills. Such persons, when available to rescue, are thus even more required to do so ethically than regular persons who might simply make things worse (for a utilitarian, rescue by a skilled professional in a relevant field would maximize the good even better than rescue by a regular stranger). This particular ethical argument makes sense when considering the ability firefighters to get both themselves and victims safely out of a burning building, or of health care personnel such as physicians, nurses, physician's assistants, and EMTs to provide medical rescue.
Lago di Palagnedra
Lago di Palagnedra is a lake at Palagnedra, Ticino, Switzerland. The lake has a volume of 4260000 m3. Its surface area is 0.25 km2.
Caper story
The caper story is a special sort of crime story. In the typical caper story, one or more crimes happen (especially thefts, swindles, or occasionally kidnappings) in full view of the reader. The actions of the police or detectives may also be told, but are not that important for the story.
The typical elements of caper stories are humor, adventure, or unusual cleverness or audacity.
Examples of the caper story
The Dortmunder stories of Donald E. Westlake are very funny tales where unusual thefts happen; in another story, Dortmunder's gang steals the same gem several times, steals an entire branch bank, and kidnaps someone from an asylum by driving a stolen train onto the property.
Gurzelen
Gurzelen is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
Tirso (river)
The Tirso (Tirsu) is the most important river of Sardinia for its length and the size of its drainage basin. It starts on the mountains of the centre of the island and ends in the Mediterranean Sea.
Name
The river was known in Sardinia as riu de Aristanis ("river of Oristano") or, simply, riu Mannu (the "big river"). The name Tirso began to be used in modern times following Ptolemy that named it in ancient times as "Thyrsos" (, "mouth of the Tirso river").
Geography
The Tirso river has a length of 159 km, and a drainage basin with an area of approximately 3376 km2.
Its discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) depends of the season; its average discharge is 16.6 m3/s but is very low during summer.
Course
The Tirso river starts in the Buddusò plateau, on the slopes of Punta Pianedda, at an elevation of about 985 m, to the north of the comune of Bitti. From here, the river flows to the southwest.
Finally, after 150 km, it flows into the Gulf of Oristano in the Sea of Sardinia (Mediterranean Sea). The river enters the sea at about 6 km to the north of the city of Oristano.
The river forms the "Omodeo lake", an artificial lake that is 20 km long and 3 km wide; it is one of largest artificial lake in Italy.
It flows through 81 comuni.
Main tributaries
Most tributaries of the Tirso are small streams; the main tributaries are:
Both rivers are left tributaries of the Tirso.
Prose
Prose is the ordinary form of the written (or spoken) language. It is not poetry. On the written page it looks like a group of paragraphs. It does not need any special format such as lists or tables. In writing, it is without special rhythm. It is similar to everyday communication. That is what makes it different from poetry and from theatrical works such as plays.
The word prose comes from the Latin prosa, meaning straightforward; so we have the term "prosaic". Prose writing is usually used to describe facts or to discuss whatever one's thoughts are in free flowing speech. It may be used for newspapers, novels, magazines, encyclopedias, broadcast media, letters, stories, history, philosophy, biography, and many other kinds of writing.
Prose generally has no formal structure, like meter or rhyme, that is often found in poetry. Therefore, it is used to describe literature which is non-poetic, and non-theatrical. There is, however, a blend of the two forms of literature known as prose poetry.
Papal name
A papal name is a special name (regnal name) which is chosen by the pope when he is elected.
History
In the early church, popes were known by their ordinary names, such as Pope Adeodatus, Pope Formosus and Pope Hyginus.
Vézère Valley
The Vézère Valley is known for its prehistoric cave systems, containing numerous cave paintings and hominid remains. They are found in the valley of the Vézère river between the communes of Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil and Montignac in the Dordogne department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine region.
Papal name
History
The practice of choosing a papal name started in the sixth century. At birth, Pope John II was named after the Roman god Mercury. When he was elected pope, he chose to be called by a Christian name.
Vézère Valley
UNESCO designated the systems as a World Heritage Site in 1979. Among the archaeological sites with remarkable caves is Lascaux.
Inscription as a heritage site
UNESCO description is:
Papal name
History
Every pope since the 16th century is known by a different name than the one he was given at birth.
There's No Disgrace Like Home
"There's No Disgrace Like Home" is the fourth episode of the first season of The Simpsons. It was first shown on the Fox network in the United States on January 28, 1990. In this episode, Homer becomes ashamed of his family after a bad company picnic and decides to enter them in therapy. The therapist has a hard time trying to solve their problems and eventually gives up and gives their money back. It was an early episode, showing early designs for a few recurring characters. The episode is made off of the comedy of Laurel and Hardy and features cultural references to films such as Citizen Kane and Freaks as well as the Batman television series. People noted that the characters acted differently from the way they would in later seasons.
Sankey Canal
The Sankey Canal in North West England used to be an industrial canal. It was called the Sankey Brook Navigation and later the St Helens Canal. Sankey Canal opened in 1757. It was the first modern canal. Earlier canals were all to make river navigation possible. The Act of Parliament  passed in 1757 was to make Sankey Brook navigable. But the brook was too shallow and twisting to be of practical use, so they constructed a completely separate canal alongside the brook. It connected St Helens to the River Mersey at Spike Island in Widnes.
Rensselaer County, New York
Rensselaer County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, 161,130 people lived there. It is named for Kiliaen van Rensselaer, the Dutch person who owned the land in the area. The county seat is Troy.
Papal name
Frequency of names
The papal names have included John (23 times), Gregory (16), Clement (14), Innocent (13), Leo (13) and Pius (12).
Sankey Canal
It closed in 1963, but much of it has been restored. Fixed bridges which have replaced the original wooden swing bridges and other blocks separate the sections from one another.
Papal name
Frequency of names
The first papal name to be repeated was Pope Sixtus. There have been four others.
Rensselaer County, New York
Rensselaer County is in the eastern part of New York. The county's eastern line runs along the New York-Vermont and New York-Massachusetts borders.
The county has a total area of 665 square miles (1,723 km²). Out of this, 654 square miles (1,694 km²) is land and 11 square miles (30 km²) (1.72%) is water.
Papal name
Frequency of names
As with kings and emperors, a Roman numeral is added if the Pope chooses a name that another pope has used before -- for example, Pope John Paul II decided to be known by the same name as the pope who came before him.
Rensselaer County, New York
The highest point is Berlin Mountain, which is 2818 ft above sea level. The mountain is in the town of Berlin. The lowest point is sea level at the Hudson River. The Hoosic River, a tributary of the Hudson River, is in the north part of the county.
History
Before it was called a county, the American Indians lived in the area. They were called Mohicans. A man from the Netherlands, named Kiliaen van Rensselaer, who sold jewelry, bought the area from the Dutch West Indies Company in 1630. He founded a town and named it after himself, calling it Rensselaerswyck. It was a part of New Netherland.
Transgender rights in the United Kingdom
Transgender rights in the United Kingdom have been gaining ground since the 1990s, with the granting of rights and protection to the transgender community (LGBT). Various laws within the United Kingdom refer to identity documents, marriage rights, and anti-discrimination measures used by or pertaining to transgender people, in the areas of employment, education, housing and social services, amongst others.
United States Secretary of State
The United States Secretary of State (commonly abbreviated as SecState) is the head of the United States Department of State. This department deals with foreign affairs. The Secretary is a member of the President's Cabinet. This person is the highest-ranking cabinet secretary both in line of succession and order of precedence. The President chooses the person they want to be Secretary of the State. The United States Senate must agree with this choice for the person to become the Secretary of State.
The position of Secretary of State was created on April 6, 1789. Thomas Jefferson was the first Secretary. The Presidential order of succession lists the Secretary of State as the 4th person in line if something happens to the President.
Duties
The first duties of the Secretary of State included:
The following are the responsibilities of the Secretary of State. These were added to the duties over time.
Living former secretaries of state
As of September 2023, there are seven living former secretaries of state, the oldest being Henry Kissinger (served 1973–1977). The most recent death of a former secretary of state was that of Madeleine Albright (served 1997–2001) on March 23, 2022. The living former secretaries of state, in order of service, are:
Toshikazu Kato
Toshikazu Kato (born 28 May 1981) is a Japanese football player. He plays for V-Varen Nagasaki.
List of emotions
This is a list of emotions (feelings) felt by humans.
Robert Plutchik's theory
Robert Plutchik's theory defines that the eight basic emotions are:
Book Two of Aristotle's "Rhetoric"
This theory says that the emotions are:
Darwin's ideas
Charles Darwin's The Expressions of the Emotions in Man and Animals was a landmark work which is still used as a source. The following list is taken from the chapter-headings in the book.
The book is famous as being the first scientific book which used photographs as a major part of the evidence. Emotions, Darwin decided, were behavioural traits which evolved. He pointed out how the human face is adapted to show many of these emotions: it has muscles for facial movements which are not possible in other mammals. On the other hand, other mammals do have ways of showing many of these emotions.
Ekman has taken this idea a step further by studying the way people try to hide their emotions. He filmed the tell-tale glimpses of brief moments when true emotion is shown on a person's face.
University of California, Berkeley
An academic study using self-reporting of subjects distinguished 27 discrete emotions named as in the following list:
PASOK
PASOK, the Panhellenic socialist movement, is a social democratic political party in Greece. PASOK stands for Panellinio Sosialistiko Kinima (Πανελλήνιο Σοσιαλιστικό Κίνημα). It was started by Georgios Papandreou. Until 2015, it was one of two major political parties, the other was its main political rival, New Democracy (Greece). In 2019, it joined forces with other similar parties, and formed Kinima Allagis.
Widnes
Widnes is an industrial town in the Borough of Halton, Cheshire. 61,464 people lived there at the 2011 census. It used to be in Lancashire. It is on the northern side of the River Mersey.
The Sankey Canal runs from Spike Island in Widnes to the River Mersey at Sankey Bridges, near Warrington. It opened in 1757. Widnes Dock, the world's first railway dock, was built there in 1833 when the St Helens and Runcorn Gap Railway opened.
It is a centre of the chemical industry. Soap, borax, soda ash, salt cake and bleaching powder are made there. Other industries developed including iron and copper works.
Little Big Man
Little Big Man is a 1970 Western-comedy movie. It is about Native Americans and American pioneers in the 19th century. Also in 19th century, a white male child is raised by the Cheyenne nation. Dustin Hoffman plays Jack Crabb. Faye Dunaway plays Louise Pendrake.
Widnes
The Silver Jubilee Bridge connects the town to Runcorn on the other side of the Mersey. It opened in 1961.
14 BC
Year 14 BC was either a common year starting on Thursday or Friday or a leap year starting on Wednesday, Thursday or Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Crassus and Lentulus.
Little Big Man
The movie got very positive reviews from critics. Roger Ebert gave the movie four stars. It was rated PG-13 by the MPAA.
Christopher Bland
Sir Francis Christopher Buchan Bland (29 May 1938 – 28 January 2017) was a British businessman and politician. He was born in Yokohama, Japan.
He was deputy chairman of the Independent Television Authority (1972), which was renamed the Independent Broadcasting Authority in the same year, and chairman of London Weekend Television (1984) and of the Board of Governors of the BBC (1996 to 2001), when he took up a position as chairman of British Telecommunications plc. He left his position with BT in September 2007.
Before leaving BT, he became chairman of the Royal Shakespeare Company, in 2004.
Bland died on 28 January 2017 in Clanville, Hampshire from complications of prostate cancer, aged 78.
Borough of Halton
Halton is a unitary authority district in Cheshire. It was created in 1974 as a district of the county of Cheshire, and became a unitary authority area on 1 April 1998. Since 2014 it has been a member of the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority. The borough has the towns of Runcorn and Widnes.
The population of Halton was 128,478 in 2021.
Thornhill, West Yorkshire
Thornhill is an area where people live in Dewsbury, Kirklees, West Yorkshire, England. Previously part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Thornhill became part of Dewsbury County Borough in 1910. It is on a big hill on the lower part of the River Calder.
Kaufdorf
Kaufdorf is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
Richard Jenkins
Richard Dale Jenkins (born May 4, 1947) is an American Academy Award-nominated television, stage, voice, and movie actor who has appeared in many movies such as; The Visitor, The Cabin in the Woods, Eddie, Fun with Dick and Jane, Blue Steel, Wolf, The Mod Squad, Killing Them Softly, Kong: Skull Island and The Shape of Water. In television, he is known for his role in Six Feet Under.
Jenkins was born in DeKalb, Illinois on May 4, 1947. Jenkins was educated at Illinois Wesleyan University. Jenkins is currently married to Sharon R. Friedrick since 1969, they have 2 children together. Jenkins currently lives in Cumberland, Rhode Island.
2035
2035 (MMXXXV) will be.
Selçuk Uluergüven
Uluergüven died on 8 January 2014 in Aydın, Turkey. He was 73.
Hidekazu Tajiri
Hidekazu Tajiri (born 19 April 1975) is a former Japanese football player.
Boxing at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics
The Boxing competition at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics was held from 21 August to 25 August 2010 at the Suntec Singapore International Convention and Exhibition Centre.
Abstract photography
In most cases, photography is about taking pictures of objects or scenes that can directly be recognised. This is done as a way to document things, or to do a portrait, for example. Abstract photography focuses on details, or on the way light is used. As a result, the object that is photographed can no longer be recognised easily. An abstract photograph often only shows a part of a natural scene. The viewer no longer has information about the context. That way, it may create a view that looks unreal. Very often color, light, shadow, texture, shape or form are used  to give a feeling, sensation or impression.
The image may be produced using traditional photographic equipment like a camera, darkroom or computer, or it may be created without using a camera by directly manipulating film, paper or other photographic media, including digital presentations.
Defining abstract photography
There is no common definition of the term "abstract photography": different people use it for different concepts. On the one hand, there are people such as Aaron Siskind who photographed peeling paint, on the other, people such as Marco Breuer made prints and books without using a camera or film. The term includes many different kinds of representations; it is used to categorize a type of photography that often ambiguous.
Alvin Langdon Coburn was the first to speak about "abstract photography": In 1916 proposed that an exhibition should be organized with the title "Abstract Photography". The entry form for the exhibition would clearly say that "no work will be admitted in which the interest of the subject matter is greater than the appreciation of the extraordinary." This exhibition did not happen; Coburn later created some distinctly abstract photograph, though.
Photographer and Professor of Psychology John Suler wrote an essay ''Photographic Psychology: Image and Psyche. In this essay, he'' said that an abstract photograph tookaway that which is realistic or literal, such as natural appearances and recognizable subjects in the actual world. He said there was a test: If you look at a photo and there’s a voice inside you that says 'What is it?'….Well, there you go. It’s an abstract photograph."
According to Barbara Kasten, who is also a photographer an professor: "Abstract photography challenges our popular view of photography as an objective image of reality by reasserting its constructed nature....Freed from its duty to represent, abstract photography continues to be a catchall genre for the [mixing] of mediums and disciplines. It is an arena to test photography."
German photographer and photographic theorist Gottfried Jäger used the term "concrete photography" to describe a particular kind of abstract photography. He said:• "Concrete photography does not show the visible (like realistic or documentary photography);
• It does not represent the non-visible (like staged, depictive photography);
• It does not [use] views (like image-analytical, conceptual, demonstrative photography).
• Instead it establishes visibility. It is only visible, the only-visible.
• In this way it abandons its media character and gains object character."With this, he made a reference to Concrete art, an art movement of the 1930s that strongly focused on geometric forms.
More recently conceptual artist Mel Bochner hand wrote a quote from the Encyclopædia Britannica that said "Photography cannot record abstract ideas." on a note card. He then photographed the card and printed it using six different photographic processes. He turned the words, the concept and the visualization of the concept into art itself, and in doing so created a work that presented yet another type of abstract photography, again without ever defining the term itself.
Number One Observatory Circle
The Number One Observatory Circle is the official residence of the vice president of the United States and the second family. It is located on the northeast grounds of the U.S. Naval Observatory in Washington, D.C. and it has been the residence of every U.S. vice president since Nelson Rockefeller in 1974.
Layout and amenities
The house is 9,000 square feet, The first floor has a dining room, garden room, living room, lounges, pantry kitchen, reception hall, sitting room, and veranda. The second floor contains the main bedroom suite, an additional bedroom, a den, and a study. The attic has four bedrooms. The main kitchen is located in the basement.
List of Japanese manga publishers
Japanese Anime and Manga Companies.
Waltenhofen
Waltenhofen is a municipality in the district of Oberallgäu in Bavaria in Germany. On 1 January 1972, the previously independent municipality of Memhölz was incorporated into Waltenhofen. On January 1 1976, Niedersonthofen was added, and on April 1, 1976 Martin im Allgäu was also added. The mayor has been Eckhard Harscher since 2006.
Vladimir Alekno
Alekno coached the national volleyball team in 2007-2008 and 2011-2012. Under his leadership, the Russian players won the gold medal in 2012 and the bronze medal in 2008 in the Summer Olympic Games. As well, they won the World League and the World Cup both in 2011.
Shang-Chi
Shang-Chi, also known as the Master of Kung-Fu, Brother Hand and Deadly Hand, is a fictional character and superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, and the character originally came from Sax Rohmer's licensed property as the unnamed son of Fu Manchu.
President of the Philippines
The President of the Philippines (Pangulo ng Pilipinas, informally known as Presidente ng Pilipinas) is the head of state and head of government of the Philippines.
Dung beetle
Dung beetles are beetles that feed partly or only on the dung of mammals. They are a kind of scarab beetle. All these species belong to the superfamily Scarabaeoidea, and most of them to the family Scarabaeidae. The subfamily Scarabaeinae alone has more than 5,000 species. There are dung-feeding beetles in other related families, such as the Geotrupidae (the 'earth-boring dung beetles').
President of the Philippines
The President leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. The President is directly elected by the people, and is one of only two nationally elected executive officials, the other being the Vice President of the Philippines.
Dung beetle
Many dung beetles, known as rollers, roll dung into balls, which are used as a food source or brooding chambers. Other dung beetles, known as tunnelers, bury the dung wherever they find it. A third group, the dwellers, neither roll nor burrow: they simply live in dung. They are often attracted by the dung burrowing owls collect.
President of the Philippines
However, four vice presidents have assumed the presidency without having been elected to the office, such as by the death or resignation of an incumbent president.
Dung beetle
Taxonomy
Dung beetles are not a single taxonomic group: dung feeding is found in a number of beetle families. The behaviour probably evolved more than once.
Ecology and behavior
Dung beetles live in many different habitats, including deserts, farmlands, forests, and grasslands. They do not like extremely cold or dry weather. They are found on all continents except Antarctica.
President of the Philippines
Filipinos refer to their President as Pangulo or Presidente. The President serves a single, fixed, six-year term without possibility of re-election. On June 30, 2022, Bongbong Marcos was sworn in as the 17th and current president.
Dung beetle
Ecology and behavior
Dung beetles eat the dung of herbivores and omnivores, and prefer it to any other kind of dung. They may also feed on mushrooms and rotting leaves and fruits. One species living in South America, Deltochilum valgum, is a carnivore which eats millipedes. Those that eat dung do not need to eat or drink anything else, because the dung provides all the necessary nutrients.
President of the Philippines
Eligibility
Article 7, Section 2 of the Constitution reads that in order to be eligible for President the person must:
Living former presidents
As of September 2023, there are three living former Presidents:
The most recent president to die was Fidel V. Ramos (served 1992–1998), on July 31, 2022, at the age of 94.
Dung beetle
Ecology and behavior
The "rollers" roll and bury a dung ball either for food storage or to make a brooding ball. In the latter case, two beetles, one male and one female, will be seen around the dung ball during the rolling process. Usually it is the male that rolls the ball, with the female hitch-hiking or simply following behind. In some cases the male and the female roll together. When a spot with soft soil is found, they stop and bury the dung ball. They will then mate underground. After the mating, both or one of them will prepare the brooding ball. When the ball is finished, the female lays eggs inside it. Some species do not leave after this stage, but remain to safeguard their offspring.
The dung beetle goes through a complete metamorphosis. The larvae live in brood balls made with dung prepared by their parents. One idea is that the dung helps to keep parasitoids at bay. During the larval stage, the grub feeds on the dung surrounding it.
The behavior of the beetles was much misunderstood until the studies of Jean Henri Fabre. Fabre corrected the myth that a dung beetle would seek aid from other dung beetles when confronted by obstacles. By painstaking observations and experiments, he found the seeming helpers were, in fact, robbers awaiting an opportunity to steal the roller's food source.
Jacques Ellul
Jacques Ellul (January 6, 1912 – May 19, 1994) was a French philosopher, sociologist, theologian, and Christian anarchist. He wrote several books about the "technological society", and about Christianity and politics, such as Anarchy and Christianity (1991) – anarchism and Christianity are socially following the same goal. A philosopher who approached technology from a deterministic viewpoint. Ellul was professor at the University of Bordeaux. He authored some 40 books and hundreds of articles over his lifetime, the dominant theme of which has been the threat to human freedom and Christian faith created by modern technology. Ellul spoke often about the emergence of a "technological tyranny" over humanity.
Palazzo Vigoni
The Palazzo Vigoni is a residential building designed in 1956 by Luigi Caccia Dominioni located in Via Giuseppe Vigoni 13, in the historic center of Milan inside the Quadronno District, which collects the open-air masterpieces of numerous archistars of the fifties.
Jacques Ellul
Ellul has been credited with saying the phrase, "Think globally, act locally."