cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Truncated differential cryptanalysis
In cryptography, truncated differential cryptanalysis is a generalization of differential cryptanalysis, an attack model against block ciphers. In 1994 Lars Knudsen designed the technique, during this period ordinary differential cryptanalysis analyzes the full difference between two texts, the truncated version considers differences that are only determined to some extent. It has been applied to SAFER, IDEA, Skipjack, E2, Twofish, Camellia, CRYPTON, and the stream cipher Salsa20 as well.
Property tax
A property tax (or millage tax) is a levy on property that the owner is required to pay. The tax is imposed by the governing authority of the jurisdiction in which the property is located. The tax may be paid to a national, state, provincial, county, regional, or municipality governmant. Multiple jurisdictions may tax the same property. This is in contrast to a rent or mortgage tax, which is based on a percentage of the rent or mortgage value.
There are four broad types of property: land, immovable property, personal property and intellectual property. Real property (also called real estate or realty) means the combination of land and improvements. Under a property tax system, the government requires and/or performs an appraisal of the monetary value of each property. A tax is assessed based on that value. Forms of property tax used vary among countries and jurisdictions. Real property is often taxed based on its classification. Classification is the grouping of properties based on similar use.
Properties in different classes are taxed at different rates. Examples of different classes of property are residential, commercial, industrial and vacant real property. In Israel, for example, property tax rates are double for vacant apartments versus occupied apartments. In the Canadian province of British Columbia a speculation tax on residential properties has been introduced in 2019.
A special assessment tax is sometimes confused with property tax. These are two distinct forms of taxation: one (Ad valorem tax) relies upon the appraised fair market value of the property being taxed. The other (special assessment) relies upon a special enhancement called a "benefit" for its justification.
The property tax rate is often given as a percentage. It may also be expressed as a per mille (amount of tax per thousand currency units of property value), which is also known as a millage rate or mill (which is also one-thousandth of a currency unit). To calculate the property tax, the authority will multiply the assessed value of the property by the mill rate. Then they will divide by 1,000. For example, a property with an assessed value of $50,000 located in a municipality with a mill rate of 20 mills would have a property tax bill of $1,000 per year.
Budai
Budai (Chinese:布袋), pronounced Hotei in Japanese, also known as the Laughing Buddha, was a Buddhist monk in China. Many Chinese Buddhists believe he was a reincarnation of Maitreya, the person who will become the next Buddha after Gautama Buddha.
Selles, Pas-de-Calais
Selles, Pas-de-Calais is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Budai
He has become incorporated into Buddhist, Taoist and Shinto. Images of him can be found in many temples, restaurants, and businesses. Budai has become a god of happiness and plenty in some forms of Taoism and Buddhism. In Japan, Hotei is one of the Seven Lucky Gods (Shichi Fukujin). He is almost always shown smiling or laughing, hence his nickname in Chinese, the "Laughing Buddha" (Chinese:笑佛).
As Angida Arhat
Budai may be based on a monk that lived in the time of Sakyamuni Buddha. This monk's name was Angida, whose name means calico bag. According to legend, Angida was an Indian snake catcher who caught poisonous snakes to stop them from biting people. Budai and Angida look similar because they are both depicted as plump, laughing and carrying a bag.
As a Chinese Buddhist monk
In the Chinese tradition, Budai was a monk who lived in China around 907 to 923 CE. He was a man who was good and loving. Apart from his character, his likeness with the Maitreya Bodhisattva (the future Buddha) come from a Buddhist hymn (Chinese: 偈语; Pinyin: Jiéyǔ) which he said before his death:
Description
Budai is almost always shown carrying a sack, which never empties, and is filled with many precious things, including rice plants (symbolizing wealth), sweets for children, food, and the sadness of the world. His duty is to protect the weak, the poor and children.
Chán Buddhism
The main story that concerns Budai in Chan is a short koan.
Phra Sangkadchai/ Phra Sangkachai
In Thailand Budai is sometimes confused with another monk that is respected in Thailand. Phra Sangkadchai or Shanghai (Thai: พระสังกัจจายน์), a Thai spelling of Mahakaccayanathera (Thai: มหากัจจายนเถระ), was a Buddhist monk in the time of the Buddha. The Buddha praised Phra Sangkadchai for his excellence in explaining complicated dharma (or dhamma) in an easily understandable way.
Although both Budai and Phra Sangkadchai may be found in both Thai and Chinese temples, Phra Sangkadchai is found more often in Thai temples, and Budai in Chinese temples. Two points to distinguish them from one another are:
1. Phra Sangkadchai has a bit of hair on his head while Budai is bald. 2. Phra Sangkadchai wears the robes in Theravadin Buddhist fashion with the robes folded across one shoulder, leaving the other uncovered. Budai wears the robes in Chinese style, covering both arms but leaving the front part of the upper body uncovered.
Folklore
One belief surrounding the figure of Budai in popular folklore is that if a person rubs his belly, it brings wealth, good luck, and prosperity. This belief however is not part of any Buddhist ritual, but is a part of a Chinese folk belief. He is often admired for his happiness, abundance, wisdom, and contentment.
Spanair Flight 5022
Spanair Flight 5022 was a passenger flight from Barcelona, Spain to Gran Canaria via Madrid. On 20 August 2008 the McDonnell Douglas MD-82 operating this route crashed after take-off from runway 36L at Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport. 154 passengers and crew on-board died, and only leaving only 18 survivors.
The cause of the crash was pilot error due to failure to configure the flaps and slats for take-off.
Savy-Berlette
Savy-Berlette is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Candy floss
Candy floss is sugar that is spun with air. It is also called cotton candy or fairy floss. It is spun in machines. When spun, a small amount of sugar creates a much larger serving of candy floss. This is because it is mostly air. It is usually served on a stick or in a bag. Food colouring is sometimes used to change the natural white colour. Flavour is also sometimes added. Candy floss is often sold at fairs or circuses.
Candy floss was first made in Europe in the 18th century. At that time, spun sugar was expensive. The average person could not afford it. Machines to spin the sugar were invented in 1897 by William Morrison and John C. Wharton. They introduced it at the World's Fair in 1904, under the name Fairy Floss. It was very successful. They sold 68,655 boxes at 25 cents each box (equivalent to US$6 per box today). In UAE it sold in 5 AED.
Belsch
Belsch is a municipality in the Ludwigslust-Parchim district in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
Clive Limpkin
Clive Limpkin (1937 – 13 May 2020) was a British photojournalist and writer. He worked as a photojournalist for The Sun in the 1960s and 1970s before joining the Daily Mail. He also worked as a freelance photographer for the Daily Express, The Sunday Times, and The Observer.
Limpkin died at his home in London of brain cancer on 13 May 2020 at the age of 82.
1962 FIFA World Cup Final
The 1962 FIFA World Cup Final was the deciding match of the 1962 FIFA World Cup.
Details
Match rules
Mustard gas
Mustard gas or sulfur mustard is a chemical compound which has been used as a chemical weapon. It was used in World War I by the German Army against British and Canadian soldiers near Ypres, Belgium, in 1917. Later it was also used against the French Second Army.
Most sulfur mustards are squishy liquids with no color and no smell when they are at room temperature. When used in warfare, they have a color yellowish to brown. Some of them smell like culinary mustard (the type used for food), horseradish or garlic. They got their name from the smell, but are completely unrelated to culinary mustard.
Sulfur mustard (in its form mustard gas) was synthesized by Frederick Guthrie in 1860. It may have been discovered as early as the 1820s, by M.Depretz.
Its use during warfare was prohibited by the Geneva Protocol of 1925. This protocol outlawed the use of poison gas (which was widely used in the First World War). An additional agreement, the Chemical Weapons Convention, was ratified in 1993. It also outlaws the production and stockpiling of such agents. Despite these prohibitions it has been used in several wars.
Sulfur mustard is the organic compound with formula (ClCH2CH2)2S. It is a viscous liquid at normal temperatures. The pure compound has a melting point of 14 °C (57 °F) and decomposes before boiling at 218 °C (424 °F).
Faggeto Lario
Faggeto Lario is a comune in the Province of Como in the Lombardy region in Italy.
John Trudell
John Trudell (February 15, 1946 – December 8, 2015) was a Native American author, poet, actor, musician, and political activist. He was the spokesperson for the United Indians of All Tribes' takeover of Alcatraz beginning in 1969. He was partners with Marcheline Bertrand, Angelina Jolie's mother, until her death in 2007. During most of the 1970s, he served as the chairman of the American Indian Movement. He was born in Omaha, Nebraska.
In 2015, Trudell died of cancer at age 69 in Santa Clara County, California.
Godspeed You! Black Emperor
'''Godspeed You! Black Emperor (sometimes called GY!BE or Godspeed''') is a Canadian post-rock band. They formed in Montreal, Canada in 1994. After making their first album in 1997, the group played at concerts from 1998 to 2003. In 2000, they released Lift Your Skinny Fists Like Antennas to Heaven. It was called one of the best albums of the 2000s. In 2003, the band took a break so that the members could play other kinds of music. They came back together in 2010, and released four more albums. Their newest album is G_d's Pee at State's End!. It was released in 2021.
The band is known for being very important in post-rock music. Their music is usually instrumental, and is about ideas such as war and anarchism. The band often puts monologues into their songs. In 2013, the album 'Allelujah! Don't Bend! Ascend! won the Polaris Music Prize.
List of settlements in Thailand
Thailand divides its municipalities (thesaban) into three levels - cities about the quantity of inhabitants, (thesaban nakhon), towns (thesaban mueang) and townships (thesaban tambon).
The national capital Bangkok (pop. 5,678,003: May 2006) and the special governed city Pattaya (Population 96,859: May 2006) are outside of these divisions.
Nakhon (City)
23 cities
City, Province - Population ( May 2006 )
Mueang (Town)
117 towns
Root mean square
The root mean square is a way of calculating how badly a set of observed numbers differs from a set of expected numbers.
Absolution (album)
Absolution is the third album by British alternative rock band Muse.
Root mean square
To prevent the negative numbers from canceling out the positive we first need to take the absolute value of each of the differences. The average of the absolutes is called the Mean Absolute Error. The MAE treats all numbers as equal when it calculates the average, however, what if we care more about large differences and not so much about smaller ones.
This is where the root mean square is helpful. The RMS first squares the difference values, it then calculates the average and finally takes the root of the result. The square and root operations cancel each other out. And the square operation also neatly solves our problem of negative numbers. Since we are now squaring numbers larger differences count heavier in the final value.
Phillips, Maine
Phillips is a town in Franklin County, Maine, United States.
Murray Gershenz
Murray Gershenz (May 12, 1922 – August 28, 2013) was an American entrepreneur and actor. Gershenz's acting career did not begin until he was 79 years old, when he starred in a 2001 episode of Will & Grace. As an entrepreneur, he operated the Music Man Murray record store.
Gershenz was born in New York City, New York on May 12, 1922. On August 28, 2013, Gershenz died of a heart attack at the age of 91 in Los Angeles.
Albese con Cassano
Albese con Cassano is a comune in the Province of Como in the Lombardy region in Italy.
Ronald Ludington
Ronald Ludington (September 4, 1934 – May 14, 2020) was an American figure skating coach and pair skater. He worked with his wife Nancy Rouillard Ludington. He was the 1960 Olympic bronze medalist, 1959 World bronze medalist, and a four-time U.S. national champion. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts.
Ludington died on May 14, 2020 in Newark, Delaware at the age of 85.
Valentin Pokrovsky
Valentin Ivanovich Pokrovsky (Валентин Иванович Покровский; 1 April 1929 – 29 October 2020) was a Russian medical scientist, epidemiologist and infectionist. He was President of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences from 1987 to 2006. He was an Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences from 2013 until his death.
Izumo-taisha
Izumo-taisha, also known as Izumo Grand Shrine or Izumo Ōyashiro, is one of the oldest and most important Shinto shrines in Japan. Its exact establishment date is unknown. Located in Izumo, Shimane Prefecture, the shrine is dedicated to the gods Ōkuninushi (大国主大神), who is known as the Shinto deity of marriage, and Kotoamatsukami, a group of heavenly deities. The shrine is famous for two major festivals held there. Many people believe that it is the oldest Shinto shrine in Japan, even older than the Ise Grand Shrine.
Valentin Pokrovsky
He also was Director of the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology under the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation and Professor at the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Doctor of Medical Sciences (Dsc).
Izumo-taisha
Izumo-taisha's main hall, called taisha-zukuri, is a style of architecture that takes its name from the shrine. The main hall and the attached buildings were designated National Treasures of Japan in 1952. According to tradition, the hall was once much taller than it is now. The discovery of the remains of enormous pillars in 2000 supports this tradition.
Valentin Pokrovsky
Pokrovsky died on 29 October 2020 at the age of 91.
Izumo-taisha
To maintain the power of the kami and preserve architectural techniques, Izumo-taisha has been rebuilt every 60 to 70 years. This process of regular rebuilding is called "Sengū" (遷宮) and is also practiced at other important Shinto shrines, such as the Ise Grand Shrine, which is rebuilt every 20 years.
Luigi Apolloni
Luigi Apolloni (born 2 May, 1967) is a former Italian football player. He has played for Italy national team.
Club career statistics
422||10 422||10
International career statistics
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Mathi
Mathi is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Piedmont region in Italy.
James Jabara
Early life
Jabara's father operated a grocery store at the corner of 3rd and Martin Luther King streets. At an early age the family moved to Kansas. According to newspaper reports he died in a car crash along with a daughter in 1966. He was also a fighter pilot in world war 2. In Korea he was flying F-86 Sabre Jets in the 334th Fighter Interceptor Squadron formerly known as the Fighting Eagles Squadron formed in England before we entered world war 2.
Sidcup
Sidcup is a suburban town in Greater London, and is in the London Borough of Bexley. It is 11.3 mi southeast of Charing Cross.
For many years, Sidcup's Member of Parliament, as part of the Old Bexley and Sidcup constituency was Edward Heath, who was Prime Minister from 1970 to 1974.
Ron Bouchard
Ron Bouchard (November 23, 1948 – December 10, 2015) was an American NASCAR driver. He was the 1981 NASCAR Winston Cup Rookie of the Year. He was born in Fitchburg, Massachusetts. Bouchard began his NASCAR career in 1981 in the #47 J.D. Stacy Buick for owner Jack Beebe (Race Hill Farm team). In 1982 Bouchard finished a career-high eighth in the final points standing with 15 Top 10 finishes in 30 races. He ran full-time in 1983, 1984, and 1985.
Bouchard died of cancer in Fitchburg, Massachusetts at the age of 67.
Alexander Vedernikov
Alexander Alexandrovich Vedernikov (Александр Александрович Ведерников; 11 January 1964 – 29 October 2020) was a Russian conductor. He was music director of the Bolshoi Theatre from 2001 to 2009. He was the Odense Symphony Orchestra from 2009 to 2018, then of the Royal Danish Opera and from 2019 also of the Mikhailovsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg. He was born in Moscow.
Vedernikov died in Moscow on 29 October 2020 from COVID-19, aged 56.
Muespach-le-Haut
Muespach-le-Haut is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France. In 2014, 1,102 people lived there.
Sempy
Sempy is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Republic of Korea Navy
The Republic of Korea Navy also known as the South Korean Navy, is the naval warfare service branch of the South Korean armed forces.
It has about 70,000 people including 29,000 Republic of Korea Marines. There are about 140 ships. The naval aviation force consists of about 70 aircraft. The ROK Marine Corps has about 300 tracked vehicles including assault amphibious vehicles.
Mattie
Mattie is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Piedmont region in Italy.
Zhangixalus dugritei
The Sichuan whipping frog, Boaxing treefrog, or Dugrite's whipping tree frog (Zhangixalus dugritei) is a frog. It lives in China and Vietnam.
Seninghem
Seninghem is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Santo Domingo Este
Santo Domingo Este is a Dominican municipality and the provincial capital of the Santo Domingo province. It is on the eastern (left) side of the Ozama River.
History
Santo Domingo Este was part of the Distrito Nacional and of the Santo Domingo city until 2001 when the Santo Domingo province was created. The Santo Domingo Este was made the head municipality of this new province.
Muhlbach-sur-Munster
Muhlbach-sur-Munster is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.
Santo Domingo Este
Geography
Santo Domingo Este is in the "Llano Costero del Caribe" ("Caribbean Coastal Plain"), a large plain in southeastern Dominican Republic where there are many savannas with grasses. There are not mountains in the province, only some very low hills.
The Ozama river forms the eastern and northern limits of the municipality; it is the only important river in the municipality.
The municipality has a total area of 123.3 km2 and has only one municipal district (a subdivision of a municipality): San Luis.
The municipality of Santo Domingo Este has the municipality of Santo Domingo Norte and the Monte Plata Province to the north, the municipality of San Antonio de Guerra to the northeast, the municipality of Boca Chica to the east, the Caribbean Sea to the south and the Distrito Nacional to the west.
Climate
Santo Domingo Este, and the Santo Domingo province, has a tropical monsoonal climate (Köppen-Geiger classification: Am).
The average amount of rainfall for the year in the Santo Domingo province is 1447.1 mm. The month with the most precipitation on average is May with 187.7 mm of rainfall, followed by October with 186.8 mm.
The driest season is winter. The month with the least rainfall on average is March with an average of 53.8 mm followed by February with an average of 56.8 mm.
Santo Domingo Este is in a hot region; the average temperature for the year is 25.9 C. The warmest month, on average, is August with an average temperature of 27.1 C. The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of 24.4 C.
Administrative division
The municipality of Santo Domingo Este has only one municipal district:
Tourism
Some places to visit in Santo Domingo Este are:
Mazzè
Mazzè is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Piedmont region in Italy.
Henrique Meirelles
Henrique de Campos Meirelles (born August 31, 1945) is a Brazilian politician. He is the former Minister of the Economy and former president of Central Bank of Brazil from 2003 to 2011.
He is also a member of the board of directors of Azul Brazilian Airlines.
In 2017, Meirelles launched his presidential campaign as a member of the Brazilian Democratic Movement in the 2018 election.
Worzel Gummidge (TV series)
Worzel Gummidge is a British television fantasy series. It is based on the Worzel Gummidge books by English author Barbara Euphan Todd. It starred Jon Pertwee as Worzel and Una Stubbs as Aunt Sally. It ran for four series in the UK from 1979 to 1981.
Swedish Navy
The Swedish Navy is the naval branch of the Swedish Armed Forces.
It was started under King Gustav I in 1522. It is one of the oldest continuously serving navies in the world, celebrating its 500th anniversary in 2022.
For most of the twentieth century, the Swedish Navy focused on the threat of a full-scale invasion of Sweden via the Baltic Sea and on protecting commercial shipping. Sweden's place on the Scandinavia n peninsula means that 90% of imports and exports enter or leave Sweden through the Baltic.
Cornel West
Cornel Ronald West (born June 2, 1953) is an American philosopher, author, critic, actor, and civil rights activist. He is a member of the Democratic Socialists of America. West is the Class of 1943 University Professor at Princeton University. He teaches in the Center for African American Studies and in the Department of Religion. West is known for his combination of political and moral insight and criticism and his contribution to the post-1960s civil rights movement. Much of West's work focuses on the role of race, gender, and class in American society and the means by which people act and react to their "radical conditionedness". West draws intellectual contributions from such diverse traditions as the African American Baptist Church, pragmatism and transcendentalism.
In June 2023, West announced his candidacy for President of the United States in the 2024 election. He is running for the Green Party nomination.
Early life
West was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma, and grew up in Sacramento, California, where his father was a general contractor for the Defense Department and his mother was a teacher and a principal. Irene B. West Elementary School, Elk Grove, California, is named for her. While West was a student, he marched in civil rights demonstrations. As the class president in his high school, West organized protests demanding black studies courses. He later wrote that, in his youth, he admired "the sincere black militancy of Malcolm X, the defiant rage of the Black Panther Party [...] and the livid black theology of James Cone." In 1970, West graduated from John F. Kennedy High School. He enrolled at Harvard University and took classes from philosophers Robert Nozick and Stanley Cavell. In 1973, he graduated magna cum laude in Near Eastern Languages and Civilization. "Owing to my family, church, and the black social movements of the 1960s", he says, "I arrived at Harvard unashamed of my African, Christian, and militant de-colonized outlooks. More pointedly, I acknowledged and accented the empowerment of my black styles, mannerisms, and viewpoints, my Christian values of service, love, humility, and struggle, and my anti-colonial sense of self-determination for oppressed people and nations around the world."
Ph.D and other degrees
In his mid-20s, he returned to Harvard as a W. E. B. Du Bois Fellow before becoming an Assistant Professor at Union Theological Seminary in the City of New York. In 1985, he worked at Yale Divinity School in what eventually became a joint appointment in American Studies. While at Yale, he participated in campus protests for a clerical labor union and divestment from apartheid South Africa. He was arrested and jailed at one of the protests. As punishment, the University administration canceled his leave for Spring 1987, leading him to commute from Yale in New Haven, Connecticut, where he was teaching two classes, across the Atlantic Ocean to the University of Paris.
He then returned to Union and taught at Haverford College in Pennsylvania for one year before going to Princeton to become a Professor of Religion and Director of the Program in African-American Studies (1988–94). He worked with novelist Toni Morrison to improve the Princeton program.
In 1994, West accepted an appointment as Professor of African-American Studies at Harvard University, with a joint appointment at the Harvard Divinity School. West taught one of the University's most popular courses, an introductory class on African-American Studies. In 1998, he was appointed the first Alphonse Fletcher University Professor. This professorship allowed West to teach both African-American studies and Divinity, Religion, and Philosophy.
In 2001, after an argument with Harvard President Lawrence Summers, West returned to Princeton, where he has taught ever since.
The recipient of more than 20 honorary degrees and an American Book Award, he is a long-time member of the Democratic Socialists of America, for which he now serves as Honorary Chair. He is also a co-chair of the Tikkun Community and the Network of Spiritual Progressives. West is on the Board of Directors of the International Bridges to Justice, among others. West is also much sought-after as a speaker, blurb-writer, and Honorary Chair.
Critics, most notably The New Republic Literary Editor Leon Wieseltier, have charged him with opportunism, crass showmanship, and lack of scholarly seriousness.
West remains a widely cited scholar in the popular press in African-American Studies and Studies of Black Theology.
West is a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity. He is a member of the fraternity's World Policy Council, a think tank whose purpose is to expand Alpha Phi Alpha's involvement in politics and social and current policy to encompass international concerns.
Entertainment career
West appears in both The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions, playing Councilor West, who serves on the council of Zion. West's character advises that "comprehension is not a requisite of cooperation." In addition, West provides philosophical commentary on all three Matrix films in The Ultimate Matrix Collection, along with integral theorist Ken Wilber.
Cornel West has also made several appearances in documentary films, such as the 2008 film Examined Life, a documentary featuring several academics discussing philosophy in real-world contexts. West, "driving through Manhattan, . . . compares philosophy to jazz and blues, reminding us how intense and invigorating a life of the mind can be." He also appears in conversation with Bill Withers in the Bill Withers documentary, Still Bill. West also makes frequent appearances on the political talk show Real Time with Bill Maher.
On the musical front, West recorded a recitation of John Mellencamp's song "Jim Crow" for inclusion on the singer's box set On the Rural Route 7609 in 2009. In 2010, he completed recording with the Cornel West Theory, a Hip Hop band endorsed by West. He has also released two hip-hop/soul/spoken word albums, one under "Cornel West" (entitled Street Knowledge), the other under "Cornel West & B.M.W.M.B." (entitled Never Forget: A Journey of Revelations). Both works are musical expressions of West's personal politics and beliefs which he has enunciated in his previous written works.
Dispute with Lawrence Summers
In 2000, economist and former U.S. Treasury Secretary Lawrence Summers became president of Harvard. In a private meeting with West, Summers allegedly rebuked West for missing too many classes, contributing to grade inflation, neglecting serious scholarship, and spending too much time on his economically profitable projects. Some people say that Summers allegedly suggested that West produce an academic book (work that is typical of senior Harvard professors). West had written several books, some of them widely cited, but his recent output consisted primarily of co-written and edited volumes. According to some reports, Summers also objected to West's production of a CD, the critically panned Sketches of My Culture, and to his political campaigning. According to West's book Democracy Matters, Summers wrongly accused him of canceling classes for three straight weeks during 2000 to promote Bill Bradley's presidential campaign. West contends that he had missed one class during his tenure at Harvard "in order to give a keynote address at a Harvard-sponsored conference on AIDS." Summers also allegedly suggested that since West held the rank of Harvard University Professor and thus reported directly to the President, he should meet with Summers regularly to discuss the progress of his academic production.
West contends that popular coverage of the controversy obscured the true issues at stake in his dispute with Summers. West argues that Summers's vision of academia is corrosive to a deep democratic commitment that strives to connect the academy with society at large, so as to fulfill its calling to educate the public. He contends that the controversy with Summers was indicative of the fact that "a market-driven technocratic culture has infiltrated university life, with the narrow pursuit of academic trophies and the business of generating income from grants and business partnerships taking precedence over the fundamental responsibility of nurturing young minds." According to West, during the controversy he was highly regarded in the academic community, "had more academic references than fourteen of the other seventeen Harvard University Professors", and "had nearly twice as many such references as Summers himself." At the time, West had been focused on reaching wider audiences as part of his effort to encourage civic engagement—especially amongst youth—in the hope of revitalizing what he calls a deep democratic commitment that would counteract the encroaching political nihilism that he argues threatens the future of American democracy. While West does not deny the importance of academics engaging the more specialized concerns of their fields, he strongly opposes the sentiment that academia must limit itself to those rarefied interests. Academia and academics, he contends, have an important role to play in promoting public discourse that cannot be achieved if professors lock themselves in their ivory towers instead of engaging society-at-large and the salient issues of the day. Ultimately, this was the root of the quarrel, according to West.
Summers refused to comment on the details of his conversation with West, except to express hope that West would remain at Harvard. Soon after, West was hospitalized for prostate cancer. West complained that Summers failed to send him get-well wishes until weeks after his surgery, whereas newly installed Princeton president Shirley Tilghman had contacted him frequently before and after his treatment. In 2002 West left Harvard University to return to Princeton. West lashed out at Summers in public interviews, calling him "the Ariel Sharon of higher education" on NPR's Tavis Smiley Show. In response to these remarks, five Princeton faculty members, led by professor of molecular biology Jacques Robert Fresco, said they looked with "strong disfavor upon his characterization" of Summers and that "such an analogy carries innuendoes and implications... that many on the Princeton faculty find highly inappropriate, indeed repugnant and intolerable."
Harvard University's undergraduate student newspaper, The Harvard Crimson, suggested in October 2002 that the premise of Law and Order: Criminal Intent episode "Anti-Thesis" was based on West's conflicts with Summers.
Dispute with President Barack Obama
West publicly supported 2008 Democratic Presidential candidate Senator Barack Obama. He spoke to over 1,000 of his supporters at the Apollo Theater in Harlem, N.Y.C. on November 29, 2007. However, West now calls Obama a "black mascot of Wall Street oligarchs and a black puppet of corporate plutocrats." In an interview, West said:"As a young brother who grows up in a white context, brilliant African father, he's always had to fear being a white main with a black skin. All he has known culturally is white."West's comments about President Obama have drawn criticism from other African-Americans, including Melissa Harris-Perry and Al Sharpton.
West criticized President Obama when Obama won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2009, saying that it would be difficult for Obama to be "a war president with a peace prize". West recanted his support for Obama in an April 2011 interview, in which he said Obama is merely a "black mascot" for America's elites and also "a black muppet of corporate plutocrats."
Views on race in America
West has called the U.S. a "racist patriarchal" nation where "white supremacy" continues to define everyday life. "White America," he writes, "has been historically weak-willed in ensuring racial justice and has continued to resist fully accepting the humanity of blacks." This has resulted, he claims, in the creation of many "degraded and oppressed people hungry for identity, meaning, and self-worth." Professor West attributes most of the black community's problems to "existential angst derive[d] from the lived experience of ontological wounds and emotional scars inflicted by white supremacist beliefs and images permeating U.S. society and culture."
In West's view, the September 11, 2001 attacks gave white Americans a glimpse of what it means to be a black person in the United States—feeling "unsafe, unprotected, subject to random violence, and hatred" for who they are. "The ugly terrorist attacks on innocent civilians on 9/11," he said, "plunged the whole country into the blues."
Politics
West has described himself as a "non-Marxist socialist" (partly due to Marx's opposition to religion) and serves as honorary chair of the Democratic Socialists of America, which he has described as "the first multiracial, socialist organization close enough to my politics that I could join". He also described himself as a "radical democrat, suspicious of all forms of authority" on the Matrix-themed documentary The Burly Man Chronicles (Found in The Ultimate Matrix Collection).
West believes that "the overthrow of Saddam Hussein's ugly totalitarian regime was desirable," but that the war in Iraq was the result of "dishonest manipulation" on the part of the Bush administration. He asserts that Bush Administration hawks "are not simply conservative elites and right-wing ideologues", but rather are "evangelical nihilists — drunk with power and driven by grand delusions of American domination of the world". He adds, "We are experiencing the sad gangsterization of America, an unbridled grasp at power, wealth, and status." Viewing capitalism as the root cause of these alleged American lusts, West warns, "Free-market fundamentalism trivializes the concern for public interest. It puts fear and insecurity in the hearts of anxiety-ridden workers. It also makes money-driven, poll-obsessed elected officials deferential to corporate goals of profit — often at the cost of the common good."
West has been involved with such projects as the Million Man March and Russell Simmons's Hip-Hop Summit, and worked with such public figures as Louis Farrakhan and Al Sharpton, whose 2004 presidential campaign West advised.
In 2000, West worked as a senior advisor to Democratic presidential candidate Bill Bradley. When Bradley lost in the primaries, West became a prominent endorser of Ralph Nader, even speaking at some Nader rallies. Some Greens sought to draft West to run as a presidential candidate in 2004. West declined, citing his active participation in the Al Sharpton campaign. West, along with other prominent Nader 2000 supporters, signed the "Vote to Stop Bush" statement urging progressive voters in swing states to vote for John Kerry, despite strong disagreements with many of Kerry's policies.
In April 2002 West and Rabbi Michael Lerner performed an act of civil disobedience at the U.S. State Department "in solidarity with suffering Palestinian and Israeli brothers and sisters". West said, "We must keep in touch with the humanity of both sides." In May 2007 West joined a demonstration against "injustices faced by the Palestinian people resulting from the Israeli occupation" and "to bring attention to this 40 year travesty of justice". In 2011, West called on the University of Arizona to divest from companies profiting from the Israeli occupation of the Palestinian Territories.
West supports of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA.) in its Kentucky Fried Cruelty campaign, aimed at eliminating what PETA describes as KFC's inhumane treatment of chickens. West is quoted on PETA flyers: "Although most people don't know chickens as well as they know cats and dogs, chickens are interesting individuals with personalities and interests every bit as developed as the dogs and cats with whom many of us share our lives."
During the 2016 United States presidential election, West was a strong supporter and campaigned for Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders. After Sanders lost the Democratic nomination, West supported Jill Stein of the Green Party.
2024 presidential election
In June 2023, West announced his candidacy for President of the United States in the 2024 presidential election. At first he said he was going to run for the People's Party, but then switched for the Green Party nomination.
His campaign has been controversial at times over his potential to become a spoiler candidate and hand the election to Donald Trump or another Republican.
Creepypasta
Creepypastas are horror-related legends or images that have been copied and pasted around the Internet. These Internet stories are often short, user-generated, ghost stories meant to scare readers. They include gruesome tales of murder, suicide, and otherworldly occurrences.
According to Time magazine, the genre had its peak audience in 2010 when it was covered by The New York Times.
Famous creepypastas include Slender Man, "Jeff the Killer", Candle Cove and "Ted the Caver".
Glynn Turman
Glynn Russell Turman (born January 31, 1947) is an American actor. He played Toledo in the 2020 Netflix movie Ma Rainey's Black Bottom.
Turman played Lew Miles on the prime-time soap opera Peyton Place, Leroy "Preach" Jackson in Cooley High, Bradford Taylor on the NBC sitcom A Different World and Mayor Clarence Royce on the HBO drama series The Wire.
Turman was married Aretha Franklin from 1978 and they divorced in 1984.
Dardic languages
Dardic is a group of Indo-Aryan languages spoken in the Dardistan region of Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India.
Magnetic susceptibility
It can be measured. Magnetic susceptibility is a prediction of how magnetised a material will get in a magnetic field. It shows whether a material will be attracted or repelled by a magnet.
Meana di Susa
Meana di Susa is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Piedmont region in Italy.
Munchhouse
Munchhouse is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.
Senlecques
Senlecques is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Peggy Etiebet
Peggy Etiebet (born 19 March 1976) is a British water polo player and coach. She competed for Great Britain in the 2013 World Aquatics Championships.
On a club level, she played for Szentesi VK. She coached for the Senior Women's Water Polo team.
She is a barrister.
The Way of Walking Alone
The Way of Walking Alone("Dokkōdō"), also translated as "The Path of Aloneness" or "The Way to Go Forth Alone", is a short book by the swordsman and philosopher Miyamoto Musashi in 1645.
Twofish
In cryptography, Twofish is a symmetric key block cipher with a block size of 128 bits and key lengths up to 256 bits.
In 1997, the NIST announced for competition to choose a successor to DES to be known as AES, Twofish was one of the five finalists of the Advanced Encryption Standard competition, but was not selected as a standard.
Twofish is related to the earlier block cipher Blowfish. Twofish's main features are the use of pre-computed key-dependent S-boxes, and a relatively complex key schedule. One half of an n-bit key is used as the actual encryption key and the other half of the n-bit key is used to modify the encryption algorithm (key-dependent S-boxes). Twofish uses some elements from other designs; for example, the pseudo-Hadamard transform (PHT) from the SAFER family of ciphers. Twofish uses the same Feistel structure as the DES.
On most software platforms Twofish is slightly slower than Rijndael (the chosen algorithm for Advanced Encryption Standard) for 128-bit keys, but somewhat faster for 256-bit keys.
Creators
Twofish was designed by Bruce Schneier, John Kelsey, Doug Whiting, David Wagner, Chris Hall, and Niels Ferguson; the "extended Twofish team" who met to made further cryptanalysis of Twofish and other AES competitors included Stefan Lucks, Tadayoshi Kohno, and Mike Stay.
Twofish algorithm is free for anyone to use without any restrictions whatsoever. The Twofish cipher has not been patented and the software example of its specification has been placed in the public domain. However, Twofish is not widely used like the Blowfish, which has been available for a longer period of time.
Cryptanalysis
Bruce Schneier responds in a 2005 blog entry that this paper does not present a full cryptanalytic attack, but only some hypothesized differential characteristics: "But even from a theoretical perspective, Twofish is not even remotely broken. There have been no extensions to these results since they were published" in 2000.
Ted White (manager)
Theodore Richard White (born March 25, 1931), known professionally as Ted White, is an American businessman, songwriter, and producer. White was born in Detroit, Michigan. He was the manager and first husband of soul singer Aretha Franklin. White wrote or co-wrote many songs with Franklin such as "Think".
Gustav Metzger
Gustav Metzger (10 April 1926 – 1 March 2017) was a British artist and political activist. He was best known for developing the concept of auto-destructive art (ADA) and the Art Strike. He was also one of the starters of the Destruction in Art Symposium in September 1966.
Metzger was born in Nuremberg, Germany. He was the son of Polish Jews. He moved to the United Kingdom in 1939 as a refugee.
Metzger died on 1 March 2017 in London, at the age of 90.
Mary I of England
Mary I (18 February 1516 – 17 November 1558), also known as Mary Tudor, was Queen regnant of England and Ireland from 19 July 1553 until her death. She was the oldest daughter of Henry VIII, and the only child of Catherine of Aragon who survived childhood.
Mary succeeded her short-lived half-brother, Edward VI, to the English throne. She was the fourth crowned monarch of the Tudor dynasty. Mary is remembered for briefly re-making England a Roman Catholic country.
Mary had more than 280 disagreeing religious people burned at the stake, which are recorded in John Foxe's Book of Martyrs. Due to this, many called her "Bloody Mary". Her half sister on her fathers side, Elizabeth I, came to the throne after Mary's death. Elizabeth made England Protestant again and persecuted Catholics who were viewed as "traitor".
Life
Mary Tudor was born on 18 February 1516, in the Palace of Placentia in Greenwich. Unlike the other children of Catherine, she lived to be an adult. Her godfather was the famous Cardinal Thomas Wolsey.
Although she was not the heir Henry VIII was looking forward to, she was loved by her parents. When she was about 11, Henry decided to divorce Mary's mother, Catherine of Aragon, so he could marry Anne Boleyn.
After Anne Boleyn had a daughter, Henry VlII distrusted Mary and thought that her behavior came from her mother. So he purposefully separated Mary and Catherine of Aragon. He also banished them both from court and he removed Mary from the order of succession. Mary had to become one of her servants. After Anne Boleyn was killed by the King, Mary's half-sister also became a servant. A month later, Henry VIII married Jane Seymour. Queen Jane gave birth to Edward, Prince of Wales. 12 days later, Queen Jane died.
Mary lost a faithful friend and also her pride. She had acknowledged her parents' marriage as invalid and herself an illegitimate daughter. The rest of Mary's life with Henry VIII gave her a quick succession of stepmothers. Henry VIII died soon after marrying his last wife, Catherine Parr.
Henry had decided that the young prince was to succeed him. If he had no heirs then his older half-sister, Mary, was to be Queen.
If Mary did not produce a child, then Mary's half-sister, Elizabeth, was to be Queen. After Elizabeth and her heirs, would come Henry's sister Mary Tudor's side of the family. Edward succeeded to the throne as King of England and Ireland. Edward began to show signs of a coughing disease.
Edward did not want Mary to succeed him. Edward went ahead with a plan to let his Protestant cousin Lady Jane Grey become Queen after he died. Lady Jane Grey was only queen of England for nine days. Mary executed her and married Philip II of Spain.
Mary had two phantom pregnancies (or false pregnancies), but had no child. The phantom pregnancies were cancer in her liver. After Mary died Elizabeth succeeded to the throne, becoming the new Queen Elizabeth I of England.
Joe Altobelli
Joseph Salvatore Altobelli (May 26, 1932 – March 3, 2021) was an American player, manager and coach in Major League Baseball.
In 1983, he replaced Hall of Famer Earl Weaver as manager of the Baltimore Orioles and led the team to their sixth American League pennant and their third (and most recent) World Series championship.
In 2009, Altobelli ended his involvement in professional baseball.
Altobelli died on March 2, 2021 in Rochester, New York at the age of 88.