cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Sam Mayo
Career
Mayo developed a unique comic style as a music hall singer. Dressed in a dressing gown, or housecoat, he sang emotionless at the piano with nonsensical humour. He became known as "The Immobile One". Mayo mostly wrote his own songs and gave other entertainers, such as Ernie Mayne, with material. He held the record for appearing at the biggest number of concerts in a single evening: nine performances at nine London venues on the evening of 21 January 1905.
Trivia
The noted writer Katherine Mansfield quoted Mayo's lyrics in a letter from 1 November 1920.
Jack Swigert
John Leonard "Jack" Swigert, Jr. (August 30, 1931 – December 27, 1982) was an American test pilot, mechanical engineer, aerospace engineer, United States Air Force pilot, and NASA astronaut, one of the 24 persons who have flown to the Moon. After leaving NASA, he was elected to Congress from Colorado's new 6th district, but died before being sworn in.
Swigert died in Washington, D.C. from respiratory failure caused by nose cancer, aged 51.
Ahir Kingdom
The Ahir (Abhira) kingdom in the Mahabharata is either of two kingdoms near the Sarasvati River which existed only as a dried up river bed during the time of the Kurukshetra War. They were dominated by the Ahirs/Abhiras sometimes referred to as Surabhira also, combining both Sura and Abhira kingdoms. The modern day Abhira/Ahir territory lies within the Northern areas of Gujarat and Southern Rajasthan, India. King Sivadatta was probably the founder of the Abhira/Ahira kingdom.
Reference of Abhiras in Mahabharat
Ahirs are mentioned as warriors in support of Duryodhana in the Mahabharta war. The Gopas, whom Krishna had offered to Duryodhana to fight in his support when he himself joined Arjuna's side, were no other than the Yadavas themselves, who were also the Ahirs. The Ahirs also have been described as Vrata Kshatriyas. The Ahirs are said to have looted the train of Arjuna, the Pandava, when he was returning from Dwaraka being accompanied by some of the members of Sri Krishna's family after the death of the latter. Abhiras are said to have waylaid Arjuna and deprived him of remaining wealth from Dwarka and women somewhere in Punjab." Abhiras who looted Arjuna were the supporters of the Kauravas, and in the Mahabharata, Ahir, Gopa, Gopal and Yadavas are all synonyms.  They defeated the hero of Mahabharatha war, and did spare him when he disclosed the identity of the members of the family of Sri Krishna.
Ahir kingdom of Maharashtra
The Ahirs ruled western Maharashtra which included Nasik, Aparanta, Lata and Khandesh
King Porus
Porus was an ancient Indian king whose territory spanned the region between the Hydaspes River of Jhelum and Acesines (Chenab River), in the Punjab region. He is credited to have been a legendary warrior with exceptional skills.Porus fought against Alexander the Great in the Battle of the Hydaspes (326 BC), thought to be fought at the site of modern-day Mong, Punjab, which is now part of Pakistan. Ancient Greek historians describe the battle and the aftermath of Alexander's victory. After the defeat and arrest of Porus in the war, Alexander asked Porus how he would like to be treated. Porus, although defeated, being a valiant, proud king, stated that he be treated like how Alexander himself would expect to be treated. Alexander was reportedly so impressed by his adversary that he not only reinstated him as a satrap of his own kingdom but also granted him dominion over lands to the south-east extending until the Hyphasis (Beas).Porus reportedly died sometime between 321 and 315 BC.
According to historian Ishwari Prasad, Porus might have been a Yaduvanshi Shurasena. He argued that Porus' vanguard soldiers carried a banner of Heracles whom Megasthenes—who travelled to India after Porus had been supplanted by Chandragupta—explicitly identified with the Shurasenas of Mathura. This Heracles of Megasthenes and Arrian (the so called Megasthenes' Herakles) has been identified by some scholars as Krishna and by others as his elder brother Baladeva, who were both the ancestors and patron deities of Shoorsainis Yaduvansh. Iswhari Prashad and others, following his lead, found further support of this conclusion in the fact that a section of Shurasenas were supposed to have migrated westwards to Punjab and modern Afghanistan from Mathura and Dvārakā, after Krishna walked to heaven and had established new kingdoms there.
Kalachuris dynasty
The name of the Abhira Kalachuri Empire was used for two states after the 10th-12th century dynasties, the one who ruled central India and Rajasthan and called the Chadhi or Haaiyah (northern branch of Kaluchuri) and the other southern Kalkururi who ruled the Karnataka region, have been regarded as the descendants of Trikuta-Aarons. Southern Kalchuris (1130-1184) currently governs the northern Karnataka and Maharashtra parts of the south. In the middle of 1156 and 1181, in the south of the Dynasty, the following were the main chiefs of the kingdom: Krishna Bijjala Someshwar Sangma 1181 A.D. After the operation, the area was acquired by the Kachuri from the religious perspective, primarily a follower of the cattle sect of Hindus.
Traikutakas
It is generally believed that Traikutas was another class of Abhira. And that is why it has also been called Abhir-Trikuta in history.Indradatta, Dahrasen and Vigrasen are the chief kings of this dynasty. The Trikutas are known for their Vaishnava sect, which claimed to be the Yadavs of the Heheya dynasty. And Dahrasen also performed Ashwamedh Yajna. The following were the principal rulers:
Chéry-lès-Pouilly
Chéry-lès-Pouilly is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France. In 2015, 702 people lived there.
Ahir Kingdom
Chudasama Dynasty
The Chudasama dynasty community is originally considered to be descendants of the Abhiran community of Sindh province. Ra Grihrippu of this lineage has been called as Abhir and Yadava in the poetry of Hemphandra. According to Indian historian Vidarbha Singh, Chudasam people are the descendants of Samma Yadavas of the Nagar Samachi of Sindh province, who probably migrated from Sindh in the 9th century, came here. Harald Tambs-Lyche believes that the popular dental story Evidence based on the property that was Cudhasm Empire in Junagadh in Saurashtra region of Gujarat. The Chumasam line was traditionally established in 875 CE and with the help of Ahir community in 1030, he was re-elected in power by conquering a king of Gujarat. Chudasama is also often addressed by 'Ahirni Rani' and by the idea of ​​Harald Tambs-Lyche- "Chudasam state was composed of Ahir caste and a small princess dynasty which was later classified into Rajputs. " Dulmak Chudasam, the last ruler of this lineage, accepted Islam religion under the influence of Mahmoud Baghara in 1470. Bagara had invaded Girnar on Chudasam State many times.
Hoysalas
The Hoysala Empire was a Kannadiga power originating from the Indian subcontinent, that ruled most of what is now Karnataka, India, between the 10th and the 14th centuries. The capital of the Hoysalas was initially located at Belur but was later moved to Halebidu. Inscriptions dated 1078 and 1090 imply that the Hoysalas were descendants of the Yadava by referring to the Yadava vamsa (clan) as the "Hoysala vamsa". But there are no early records directly linking the Hoysalas to the Yadavas of North India.
Gonzalo Colsa
Club career statistics
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Andrew Brunette
Andrew Brunette (born August 24, 1973 in Sudbury, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey left winger that played a total of 1,100 career games in the National Hockey League (NHL).
He played in the OHL for 3 seasons with the Owen Sound Platers. He was drafted by the Washington Capitals with the 174th pick in the 1993 NHL Entry Draft. He has played in the NHL for the Washington Capitals for 3 seasons, the Nashville Predators for 1 season, the Atlanta Thrashers for 2 seasons, the Minnesota Wild for 6 seasons, the Colorado Avalanche for 3 seasons and the Chicago Blackhawks for 1 season. He was signed to a one-year contract by the Chicago Blackhawks on July 1, 2011 to a one-year contract.
Brunette retired from professional ice hockey on February 13, 2013 and decided to take up the position of Hockey Operations Advisor to the Minnesota Wild.
Iran Air Flight 655
Iran Air Flight 655 was an Iranian passenger flight from Tehran to Dubai. The aircraft was an Airbus A300 with 274 passengers and 16 crew members on-board. On July 3, 1988 the plane was shot down by the USS Vincennes in the Persian Gulf during the Iran–Iraq War. At the time the Vincennes was exchanging fire with small Iranian gunboats. During the skirmish, flight 655 took off from Bandar Abbas International Airport. The airport was used by both civilian and military flights.
The Vincennes mistook the civilian aircraft for an Iranian Air Force Grumman F-14 Tomcat fighter on an attack run. The Vincennes attempted to warn the aircraft several times but received no reply. However, the warnings were sent on a military frequency to a non-existent F-14 Tomcat. The Airbus crew did not have access to those channels and would not have heard the warnings. The Vincennes fired two missiles which both struck the fuselage of the plane. All 290 occupants on-board were killed.
Jensen Beach, Florida
Jensen Beach is a census-designated place (CDP) in Martin County, Florida, United States. The population was 11,707 at the 2010 census.
Acastus
Acastus (Ancient Greek: Ἄκαστος) is a character in Greek mythology. He sailed with Jason and the Argonauts, and participated in the hunt for the Calydonian Boar.
Family
Acastus was the son of Pelias, then king of Iolcus, and Anaxibia (Philomache in some traditions). Acastus with his wife Astydameia (also called Hippolyte, daughter of Cretheus) had two daughters: Sterope (Στερόπη) and Laodamia, and a number of sons. Another daughter, Sthenele (Σθενέλη), was given by the Bibliotheca as the wife of Menoetius and mother of Patroclus.
Mythology
After the return of the Argonauts, Acastus's sisters were manipulated by Medea to cut their father Pelias in pieces and boil them. Acastus, when he heard this, buried his father, and drove Jason and Medea from Iolcus (and, according to Pausanias, his sisters also), and instituted funeral games in honor of his father. He thereafter became king of Iolcus.
Acastus purified Peleus of the murder of King Eurytion of Phthia. Acastus's wife (variously named in mythology; often Astydamia, but sometimes Hippolyte, daughter of Cretheus) fell in love with Peleus but he scorned her. Bitter, she sent a messenger to Antigone, Peleus's wife and daughter of Eurytion, to tell her that Peleus was to marry Acastus's daughter, Sterope.
Astydamia then told Acastus that Peleus had tried to rape her. Acastus took Peleus on a hunting trip and hid his sword while he slept, then abandoned him on Mt. Pelion to be killed by centaurs. The wise centaur Chiron (or the god Hermes) returned Peleus' sword and Peleus managed to escape. With Jason and the Dioscuri, Peleus sacked Iolcus, dismembered Astydamia (and, in some accounts, Acastus himself), and marched his army between the pieces. Their kingdom later fell to Jason's son Thessalus.
The Leeds Studios
The Leeds Studios are a complex of television studios in the Burley area of Leeds, West Yorkshire. They are used as the headquarters of Yorkshire Television and also for other ITV filming purposes. Until 2009, when it moved to The Manchester Studios, Countdown was filmed here by Yorkshire Television for Channel 4.
Kuri, Estonia
Kuri is a village in Pühalepa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia.
Raster image processor
A Raster image processor is a part in some printers. The raster image processor receives the data in a description language, like Postscript, PCL, or PDF and changes it to a bitmap or raster image.
Raster image processing can be done in two ways: as Software running as part of the operating system, or as a special microprocessor inside the printer. Cheaper printers use a solution called host-based printing, where this is done in the operating system, more expensive printers, and those that support PCL, Postscript or a similar language have a Raster image processor inside the printer.
Baked beans
Baked beans is a dish made of beans, sometimes baked but, despite the name, usually stewed, in a sauce.
Most commercially canned baked beans are made from haricot beans, also known as navy beans (a variety of Phaseolus vulgaris) in a sauce.
Varieties
In Ireland and the United Kingdom, a tomato sauce is most commonly used, and they are commonly eaten on toasted white bread or as part of a full English, Scottish, or Irish Breakfast. Some Americans have been known to dislike the dish.
Halloween 5: The Revenge of Michael Myers
Halloween 5: The Revenge of Michael Myers is a 1989 American horror movie. It is set in a fictional Illinois town called Haddonfield. This is the fifth movie in the Halloween movie series. The film's story begins exactly one year after the previous movie. The Shape returns to kill his niece, but Samuel Loomis and Sheriff Meeker manage to intervene.
Parnelia Augustine
Parnelia Augustine (1884–1960) was an American painter. Her works are shown in the Museum of Nebraska Art (MONA). She tied with another artist and won the American Beauty Roses in the Lincoln Artists’ Guild All-Nebraska Show.
Siddiqui
The SIddiquis (صديقي) are a religious group who claim to descended from of Abu Bakr Siddiq.
Etymology
The title Siddiqui (صديقي) is an attributive form of the Arabic word Siddiq (صديق). The name Siddiq means 'the truthful'. It was given to Abu Bakr by Muhammadsaw.
History
According to a study, the Siddiquis are descended from a Kayastha record-keeper caste who Islamized at some point.
John Greenleaf Whittier
John Greenleaf Whittier (December 17, 1807 – September 7, 1892) was an American poet. He was from Haverhill, Massachusetts and was a Quaker. Like many Quakers, Whittier believed that slavery was wrong. Whittier was active in the movement to end American slavery, and was a member of the anti-slavery Liberty Party.
Literary works
Many of his poems are about slavery. During the American Civil War, Whittier wrote a poem called "Barbara Frietchie". Later in life, Whittier wrote a poem called "Snowbound". Whittier was one of the people who founded The Atlantic Monthly. The city of Whittier, California was named for Whittier when he was still living, and the town of Whittier, Alaska is also named for him.
Han Solo
Han Solo is a fictional character in Star Wars played by Harrison Ford. He appears for the first time in Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope as a pirate and smuggler with his Wookiee friend, Chewbacca. He was voted as the second greatest Star Wars character, behind Darth Vader.
At first, Solo and his companion Chewbacca are hired by Jedi Luke Skywalker and Obi-Wan Kenobi to get Skywalker and Kenobi aboard the Death Star to save Princess Leia. While Solo seems to be interested only in being paid at first, he comes back to save Luke. Solo later falls in love with Leia.
Golestan province
Golestan Province (, Ostān-e Golestān) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is Gorgan. It is to the south of Caspian Sea.
Han Solo
In Star Wars: The Force Awakens, it is revealed that Solo and Leia have a son called Ben Solo (known as Kylo Ren) who falls to the First Order. Solo is killed by Ren towards the end of the movie after being stabbed by a lightsaber through the chest and falling to a deep shift.
A spin-off movie about Solo was released in 2018.
Frances Langford
Julia Frances Langford (April 4, 1913 – July 11, 2005) was an American singer and actress. She was popular during the Golden Age of Radio. She also appeared in movies such as in This Is the Army and in Yankee Doodle Dandy. Langford was born in Lakeland, Florida.
Langford died in Jensen Beach, Florida from congestive heart failure, aged 92.
Chéry-lès-Rozoy
Chéry-lès-Rozoy is a commune. It is in the Picardie region in the Aisne department in the north of France. In 2012, 106 people lived there.
DYDY-TV
DYDY-TV, channel 2, is a television station of Philippine-government owned television network People's Television Network. Its transmitter is located at Brgy. San Miguel, Jordan, Guimaras.
Digital television
UHF Channel 23 (527.143 MHz)
James M. Beggs
James Montgomery Beggs (January 9, 1926 – April 23, 2020) was an American businessman and politician. He served as the 6th Administrator of NASA. He was nominated by President Reagan on June 1, 1981. Beggs took his oath of office and entered the post on July 10, 1981, serving until December 4, 1985.
Beggs died on April 23, 2020 at the age of 94 at his home in Bethesda, Maryland of congestive heart failure.
Ini Dima-Okojie
Ini Dima-Okojie (born June 24, 1990) is a Nigerian actress and entrepreneur. She left her job in investment banking to enroll engage into New York Film Academy.
Early life and education
In Dima-Okojie hails from Esan North-East LGA, Edo State, Nigeria. She holds bachelor's degree in International Relations from Covenant University, Nigeria. She also earn a degree in acting from the New York Film Academy.
Daniek Hengeveld
Daniek Hengeveld (born 17 November 2002) is a Dutch professional cyclist riding with GT Krush Tunap. Hengeveld also represents Netherlands at international track cycling competitions.
On the road she won the prologue of the Belgrade GP. Later that day in the afternoon stage she broke a vertebra after a fall.
On the track she competed at the 2022 UEC European Track Championships in the individual pursuit event where she finished in sixth place in a new Dutch national record.
Fukuoka Prefectural Yahata High School
Fukuoka Prefectural Yahata High School (福岡県立八幡高等学校) is in Kitakyūshū ward, Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is often called "Hachiko" (八高) for short.
This school has general course and science and mathematics course. The science and mathematics course is certified as SSH by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, and Technology. This school is considered as top and high reputable school in this area.
Outline
Most Yahata High School students apply and get through the examination of the national university. This school has one of the top reputations among public high schools in Kitakyushu city (along with Touchiku High School and Kokura High School) because a large number of graduates continue on to National University, for example, Kyusyu University, one of the top public universities in Japan.
History
Fukuoka High School was founded in 1919 under the former Japanese educational system in which children went directly to high school after graduating from elementary school.
Max Rostal
Max Rostal (born Cieszyn, 7 August 1905; died Bern, 6 August 1991) was a violinist who was a famous violin teacher. He was Austrian-born, but later took British citizenship.
He was born in Cieszyn and studied with Carl Flesch. From 1930 to 1933 he taught at the Berlin Hochschule, from 1944 to 1958 at the Guildhall School of Music, London and then at the conservatory in Bern, Switzerland. Many of his pupils became famous players. They include three members of the Amadeus Quartet.
Rostal played a wide variety of music, including many newly composed works such as Violin Concerto no 2 by Béla Bartók.
He died in Bern.
Johnny Romano
John Anthony Romano Jr. (August 23, 1934 – February 24, 2019) was an American professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball as a catcher for the Chicago White Sox (1958–59, 1965–66), Cleveland Indians (1960–1964) and St. Louis Cardinals (1967). He threw and batted right-handed. Romano was born in Hoboken, New Jersey.
Romano died on February 24, 2019 in Naples, Florida at the age of 84.
Curitiba
Curitiba (pron. or ) is the capital and the largest city in the state of Paraná. It has the largest population and economy in the southern part of Brazil. That also makes it one of the most important cities of Brazil's southern region. The city has more than 1,800,000 people living in it. It covers an area of 430.9 km². It is the 7th largest Brazilian city and 4th largest in the Southern Cone (the south part of South America). The urban area of Curitiba is looked after by 26 local governments and has 3,335,588 people living there.
History
Curitiba started in 1693 as a small village. It became an important trading stop because a road was opened. The road joined the southeast area to Southern Brazil. In 1853, it became the capital of the newly made province of Paraná. Since then, the city has seen a lot of urban growth.
During the 19th century, many European people arrived, including Germans, Poles, Ukrainians and Italians. They added to the cultural mix that still is there. The city made plans and laws to slow the growth of the city and that led to the city being famous for its new ideas and connection to the environment. Most of the new ideas had to do with the public transport system.
Present
Today, the city has a sense of cosmopolitan life and is said to be the safest city in Brazil. It is the Brazilian capital with the best quality of life and is a diversified industrial center that gives Curitiba the rank of 4th largest economy in Brazil; the largest in the southern region. The city is said to be one of the five best cities to invest in Latin America and the 49th city with the greatest influence in the world.
Large companies have moved their headquarters to the city because of Curitiba's structure and easy access. For example, its international airport, the Afonso Pena International Airport, serves the whole southern region of Brazil. Also, it has access to the Port of Paranaguá, and the junction of highways and railroads link the south region directly to the southeast part of the country. Many multinational automotive (car) companies are in Greater Curitiba, which makes Curitiba the second largest automotive center in the country. Curitiba is an important cultural, political, and economic center in the country.
Curitiba has high rates of education and is home to the oldest Brazilian university, the Federal University of Paraná. People from Curitiba are called curitibanos in Portuguese, and Curitibans in English.
The name
The name Curitiba comes from the large number of Brazilian "Pines", commonly called "Parana Pine" (Araucaria angustifolia) which grew in the region before the city was built. There are two reasons for the name: the Indians of the Tupi nation, namely the Jê and the Guarani, used the word corae ("pine seed") atuba ("a lot"). It may also come from joining the words kurit ("pine tree") and yba ("large amount"), also from the Tupi language, together. So, "Curitiba" means something like "Land of Abundant Pines".
Transport
Curitiba has a strategy to maximise the efficiency and productivity of its transport. It does this by using different systems of transport that support each other. The introduction of traffic management, transportation, and land use planning in the 1970s allowed the city to reduce traffic in the downtown area. It also helped to promote the use of public transport and bicycles in order to reduce pollution. Curitiba does not have a subway system, but it has a large bus network system. In 1974, it opened the second bus rapid transit (BRT) system in the world. This system features large passenger terminals connected by roads used only by the buses Vermelhos ("Red Buses"), the Expressos ("Express Buses"), Articulados ("Articulated buses"), and Biarticulados ("Biarticulated buses"). The biarticulated bus travels on long trips, stopping only on the tube-station stops to pick up or drop off people. Each biarticulated bus can carry 270 people - and complemented with the modern and speedy silver Ligeirinho (literally, "speedy"), has fewer stops. As a result, the distances are shorter when compared to the Linha Direta ("Direct Line"). The buses stop very frequently, and some stop every two minutes.
This model has inspired similar tests in cities of other countries, such as Los Angeles and New York City, where, in the 1990s, the installation of an experimental line of "ligeirinho" in the city connected it to the World Trade Center. The system is the source of inspiration for the TransMilenio in Bogotá, Colombia, Metrovia in Guayaquil, Ecuador,as well as the Orange Line of Los Angeles, California, and for a future transportation system in Panama City, Panama.
City planning
Around the city and commonly joined with the terminals of buses, are the Ruas da Cidadania ("Streets of Citizenship"). These are municipal centers that bring together municipal departments and public agencies, state and federal, points of trade, services, free Internet access and equipment, and leisure, such as playgrounds and space for all kinds of sports. Recent measurements indicate that the green area of Curitiba is of 51.5 metres per capita - about three times the minimum area recommended by the UN - one of the highest in Brazil and higher than cities such as London or Paris. These areas are made mostly by municipal parks and forests to protect the forests' gallery of local rivers. There are also many different city squares and public grounds, usually associated with public and wooden roads.
The urban zoning of the city and the integrated transport system has allowed development of urban architecture. Some analysts say the layout of the city is strong and balanced without the main problems of large modern cities, like heavy traffic.
Curitiba was the inspiration for Francis Ford Coppola, In the 20th century when he was looking for the "perfect city" in order to create the New York Megalopolis (a huge city "which is good for its citizens" for his movie). The director lived in Curitiba for a few weeks and praised the city in many of his lectures around the world, as the only Brazilian city praised by this famous producer of movies. He did not make the movie, however.
The capital of the state of Paraná was the only Brazilian city to enter the 21st century as a reference for national and international urban planning and quality of life; a search by the American magazine Reader's Digest found that it was the Brazilian city better placed in the ranking of the best cities in the world to live in. In March 2001, a poll sponsored by the UN pointed Curitiba as the best capital of Brazil by the Index of Living Conditions (ILC) and second best among the HDI of Brazilian capitals. The city is the gateway to entering the Mercosur (the southern zone common market of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay).
The city recently was identified as the Brazilian capital with the lowest rate of illiteracy, and also indicated as number 1 in the national education between the Brazilian capitals, and one of the five best cities for investment in Latin America.
According study of the América Economia magazine, published in the Special Edition Cities 2006, which has the title "The City Innovative", Curitiba is ahead of important capitals as Mexico City, Buenos Aires and Brasilia, occupying fifth place. The magazine considered the main Latin American economies or those that have relevance to the business conducted on the continent. In front of the Paraná state capital are just São Paulo, Brazil, first in the ranking; Santiago, Chile; Monterrey, Mexico; and Miami, USA. In 2009, it was one of the three "smartest" cities in the world according to Forbes magazine. The criteria were caring about the environment, quality of life, urban planning, good infrastructure and a strong economy.
The city was the first in Brazil to introduce the separation of domestic garbage on a wide-scale basis. The acclaimed program Lixo que não é Lixo (literally, "Garbage that isn’t Garbage"; a successful recycling program) created in 1989 has become an ideal model of caring for the environment. Actually, Curitiba is the Brazilian city that recycles garbage more often: currently, 22% of all the waste produced - about 450 tons each day - are recycled.
In 2007, the city was the third place in a list of "15 Green Cities" in the world, according the American website "Grist". In the same year, the city was featured in the American newspaper "The New York Times"; the news report, with 8 pages, features many changes made in the city, saying that Curitiba remains a destination for urban planners from various parts of the world, fascinated with the public transport system, program for recycling of garbage and the group of parks in the city.
The MasterCard Emerging Markets Index 2008, created to evaluate and compare the performance of cities in different functions that connect markets and commerce worldwide, shows Curitiba as the safest city in Brazil - considering details such as freedom of expression, risk of natural disasters and personal security - in addition to being in 49th position among the cities with the greatest influence in the world.
Curitiba won the Globe Award Sustainable City 2010 and was chosen unanimously by the committee. At the same year, Curitiba was elected by the América Economía Magazine as one of the best cities for doing business in Latin America.
History
Curitiba used to be a forest where the tribe Tingüi used to live. During the 16th century, Europeans began to go to war with this tribe.
Localization
Curitiba is on the first plateau of Paraná, in the most flat area, also called plateau curitibano. It covers a geographical area of 432.17 km², located at 25º25'40"S latitude and 49º16'23"W longitude. The coastline of the state (the Atlantic Ocean) is 70 km away from the city. The capital has a length of 35 km from north to south, and 20 km from east to west.
Distance from Curitiba to some cities of Brazil and Mercosur:
Terrain
The city has surface area of 432.17 km² in the First Plateau of Paraná. The terrain of Curitiba is a little wavy. The average altitude of the city is 934.6 m above sea level, ranging between minimum and maximum values of 900 and 1,000 meters, approximately.
Curitiba has a wavy topography of smooth rounded hills, an terrain a little wavy, giving a relatively regular appearance.
The municipality of Curitiba has an average altitude of 934.6 m above sea level, where the highest point is to the north (1,021.0 m). To the south is the situation of lower altitude (864.9 m).
There are mountain ranges and sets of rocky elevations in almost all around the city, being the most remarkable and impressive of the Serra do Mar (Portuguese for "Mountain Range of the Sea"), in the east that separates the plateau from the coast of Paraná.
Climate
Curitiba's climate is usually mild all year round though locals complain that the weather can change at anytime. It can be hot in the winter and cold in the summer. Even in one day, there can be great differences.
The flat terrain, lakes and marshland help its mild damp winters, with an average temperature of 13 °C (57 °F), but it can fall a bit below 0 °C (32 °F) on the coldest days. During summer, the average temperature is around 21 °C (70 °F), but sometimes gets around 32 °C (90 °F) on hot days.
Curitiba is a humid city in the subtropical zone in southern Brazil. It is the coldest of Brazil's twenty-six state capitals, because of the altitude. The city is on a plateau 932 m (3107 ft) above sea level. The city is in the Atlantic Rainforest region with the higher peaks of a mountain range making a barrier that separate it from the Atlantic Ocean just 105 km (65 miles) away.
Hydrography and Pluviometry
The catchment area of Curitiba consists of several rivers and streams that cross the city in different directions, grouped in six river basins. The main rivers that form the watershed of the city are: Atuba River, Belém River, Barigüi River, Passaúna River, Ribeirão dos Padilhas and the Iguaçu River, all with characteristics of dendritic drainage. Since the 1970s, Curitiba has working on alternatives to minimize the negative impacts of urbanization on rivers. An example of this was the construction of parks along the rivers with artificial lakes, which retain the water for longer periods of time, minimizing floods. Currently, after many studies about the local water passages, almost all the rivers are in canalization process. Other alternatives developed to minimize the effects of urbanization are the implementation of the programs for environmental education, inspection and monitoring, elaboration and application of legislation and infrastructure works.
Vegetation
In the local vegetation still appear remnants of the parana pine (Araucaria angustifolia), which resisted the action of modern civilization. The parana pines are in private and public areas, now protected by environmental legislation which prevents it from being overturned. The Municipal Secretariat of the Environment maintains a botanical garden and three green houses for the annual production of 150,000 seedlings of native and exotic tree species, 16,000 seedlings of fruit trees, 260,000 seedlings of flowers, foliage and underbrush, on top of the total maintenance of 350,000 seedlings. The green area of the city is one of largest in Brazil.
The vegetation of Curitiba is also characterized by the existence of a large quantity of purple and yellow ipês (tabebuias), making a spectacle of beauty to the landscape of the city during the flowering in the end of winter. Currently, the yellow ipê is the most common tree in the city.
Neighborhoods
Bairros (neighbourhoods) of Curitiba are geographical divisions of the city. There is no delegation of administrative powers to neighborhoods, although there are several neighborhoods associations devoted to improve their own standards of living.
Curitiba is divided into 9 regional governments (boroughs), covering the 75 neighbourhoods of the city. All districts are served by the system of integrated urban transport.
In the second half of the 19th century many European immigrants formed colonial settlements. These settlements developed into the modern-day districts and neighbourhoods of Curitiba.
The centre ("Downtown" in American English or "CBD" - central business district - in other English use), is the place where the city was founded. It is the busiest area, most of the financial institutions of Curitiba are there.
Social issues
The growth of urban population of Curitiba, that turned the city in a modern metropolis, has generated some social problems. Like other major Brazilian cities, Curitiba has seen the emergence of slums in some neighborhoods and around the city, and the growth of street inhabitants, that many times had been sent of other cities and States, and are dropped in the streets of the city. This fact has made a small growth of crime level, but is not comparable to other major Brazilian cities.
Moreover, many rivers contains levels of pollution; the landfill (deposit of garbage) is almost full; the public transport sometimes is not enough for the quantity of people (in the rush hour), and the Brazilian government does not yield funds for the construction of a subway in the city.
Architecture
A variety of architectural styles, ancient and modern, make the urban landscape of Curitiba be very interesting and represent an enormous cultural heritage.
The architecture that is in Curitiba has a strong influence of the culture of immigrants, from various countries, mainly Europe.
Buildings in eclectic architecture, neoclassical, colonial, Byzantine, oriental, and styles inspired by the land of immigrants confirm the diversity and cultural richness of Curitiba. It is possible to find places that still keep lambrequins (short ornaments, typical of some European places in the past, on top of roofs or windows), palaces in the urban area, buildings made between the nature, and even the first rotating building in the world,  who are harmoniously distributed in the city.
Also, buildings that are integrate with nature is a tendency in the 21st century and reflect an important style of Curitiba, as one can see in some famous places of the city.
Because it is a planned city, the administration uses a rigid plan for growth, aiming to facilitate the use of public transport. The idea was to organize the city along transport corridors. The buildings are close to major bus lines. The rule is simple: buildings with more than eight floors can only be built in the first block, near the corridor. Buildings with less than eight floors, in the second block, and in other, smaller buildings and houses. This encourages the system bus, that is widely used, reducing the number of cars.
The people
In 2007, there were 1,797,408 people living in the city of Curitiba. In 2000, Curitiba was the seventh biggest city in Brazil. It is the biggest city in the southern part of the country, as big as second and third largest cities in the south together. In the same year, the city was the leader in longevity, with the life expectancy at birth at 71.6 years of age. In 2007, there were 3,230,000 people living in the urban areas around Curitiba. The population density was 4.159,4 inh./km². The census showed the numbers: 2,503,250 White people (77.4%), 584,000 Pardo people (18.2%), 93,000 Black people (2.9%), 45,000 Asian or Amerindian people (1.4%).
Economy
Curitiba is the economic center of the southern Brazil and is among the four largest GDP of the country. The city concentrates the largest portion of the structure of government and public services of the Paraná state and hosts major companies in the sectors of trade, services and financial things. The city has the strongest economy of the south of the country, because the work of export of more than 900 factories just in the Cidade Industrial neighborhood and major automobile industries which are in the Greater Curitiba. The city was elected several times as "The Best Brazilian City for Business", according to rankings done by the Exame magazine, in partnership with the consultancy Simonsen & Associates. In July 2001, Curitiba has become the first city in the country to receive the prize "Pole of Information Technology", granted by InfoExame magazine, because the performance of their companies of technology. According to the magazine, the number of companies of "Technology and Information Technology" based in Curitiba submitted in 2001 a turnover of US $1.2 billion, representing a growth of 21% over the previous year. According to a study done by the International Congress & Convention Association (ICCA), Curitiba is the sixth Brazilian city with the largest number of international events.
In 2007, the respected Veja magazine indicates Curitiba as the best destination for business in Brazil. Ninety-four experts, chosen by the magazine, show the capital as the best Brazilian city for investment. The city is becoming one of the largest and most important centers of technology, attracting giants of the sector of information technology in the areas of software and hardware, becoming the national pole.
Gross domestic product
Analyzing the GDP of Curitiba, it appears that in the period from 1995 to 2000, the economy grew about 3% a year.
About the GDP per capita, in 2000, the city had an income 37% higher than Brazil. In the same year, the economic sector that compose most of GDP in Curitiba was the service sector with 38.8%, followed by the industrial sector with 36%.
Approximately 40% of GDP comes from the industry and the rest of activities related to the tertiary sector.
Education
In the 1990s, the city started a project called Faróis de Saber ("Lighthouses of Knowledge"). These Lighthouses are free educational centers which include libraries, Internet access, and other cultural resources. This community libraries works with municipal schools, have a collection of approximately 5000 books, and be cultural reference and leisure for the community, and are designed to diversify the opportunities of access to knowledge, expanding the area of formal education. In each quarter of the city, these "Lighthouses of Knowledge" have been implanted containing library and room of computer science, to public use, mainly by students; job training, social welfare and educational programs are coordinated, and often supply labor to improve the city's amenities or services, as well as education and income.
Among the Brazilian capitals, Curitiba has the lowest rate of illiteracy, and also number 1 in education between the Brazilian capitals.
Portuguese is the official national language, and is the primary language used in schools. But English and Spanish are part of the official high school curriculum.
Tourism
Every year, tourism grows in Curitiba. To attend this demand, the Linha Turismo ("Tourism Line") started in 1994. It is a special city tour that visits the principal tourist attractions in Curitiba, featuring comfortable white buses with big windows and a shape similar to that of streetcars. The vehicles have a sound system that plays recorded messages describing sites in three different languages: Portuguese, English and Spanish. It is possible to visit the parks, squares and the rest of the city's tourist attractions. Considered one of the best in the country, the Linha Turismo is available every thirty minutes and has a two and a half-hour tour, which travels around forty-four kilometers. To go on the tour you must buy a ticket with five tickets that give you the right to get on and off bus four times. Users can therefore choose the touristic point where they want to stay longer. Then, they can embark again to complete the remaining part of the itinerary. Today the line goes to 25 key reference points in Curitiba, completing 44 km in 2 and ½ hours. According to a study done by the International Congress & Convention Association (ICCA), Curitiba is the sixth Brazilian city with the largest number of international events and, according to the FIPE, is the third city to receive foreign tourists for business. In 2006, the city placed 6th among the best Brazilian cities to hold events and tourism business; in the same year, the flow of tourists outnumbered the number of inhabitants. Out of about the 2 million visitors, approximately half landed the business. To attend the growing demand, the number of hotels in the city has developed and is now considered the fourth largest in the country. Curitiba and its Metropolitan Area have a modern hotel infrastructure, with 150 hotels and service flats totaling 18 thousand beds (as per May 2005). The good restaurants and customized services are approved by 92.4% of those who leave the city, according the Secretariat of State for Tourism of Paraná. In 2007, Curitiba was elected as one of the 4 best Brazilian cities for travel and tourism, according to a major Brazilian magazine about tourism. In 2008 another important magazine said that Curitiba is the best cultural destination and better cost-benefit to tourism in the South region of Brazil.
Gastronomy
The pine nuts (seeds of Parana Pine) are probably the most unique elements in the gastronomy of Paraná and Curitiba; it is used not only as aperitif, but also with traditional recipes that pass from generation to generation. Among the ingredients used, the pine nuts is a major ingredient, not only in Midwinter party (Festa Junina, the annual Brazilian celebration which take place in the beginning of the Brazilian winter), but also in daily diet. Pancakes, breads, cakes, soups and appetizers are just some of the recipes prepared with this seed. The colonization and migration contributed to the mixture of flavors and dishes in the state. Indigenous and even Brazilians from other states added its revenue in local cuisine.
In Curitiba, one can find restaurants of all kinds. There are options for all tastes and palates, the regional to international cuisine. The city has food establishments specializing in German, Polish, Chinese, Arabic, Japanese, Italian, Portuguese, Indian, Mexican, etc., and, of course, regional cuisines of Brazil. Santa Felicidade neighborhood is considered to have good Italian food; it is the place where some of the first Italian immigrants arriving in Paraná settled, where they dedicated themselves to the agricultural production, planting herbs, wine and cheese willow trees, the greatest attraction in Santa Felicidade is to be the gastronomic district of Curitiba, with a large number of restaurants offering typical food and wine from the colony. There are also wineries and wine bars, craft stores and willow furniture. According to the Guinness Book of World Records, the largest restaurant of the Americas is in this Curitiba neighborhood.
Events
Every Sunday morning, in the Historic Area, in the old stoned streets at the Largo da Ordem and the pavement giving access to Garibaldi Square, with the Rosário Church, the Flowers Clock, the Memory Fountain and the Società Giuseppe Garibaldi make the space for the Crafts Fair, an exciting meeting point with live music. The Feira do Largo da Ordem ("Largo da Ordem's Street Fair") it is an open market, where you can find handicrafts, paintings, sculptures, typical foods, street artists, old car exhibition and a lot more. It is also possible to watch live small musical shows from local musicians or see some clowns doing humorous performances.
The Oficina de Música de Curitiba ("Music Workshop of Curitiba") was established in 1983, with the proposal to discover and train new talent. Nowadays its one of the biggest Brazilian events for training, retraining and improvement of musicians. Join the Workshop of Music, held every year in January, students and teachers from all over Brazil (about 2,000 students and more than 100 teachers); among students and teachers, the Office of Music had, over editions, with representatives from throughout Latin America (mainly from Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay), United States, France, Switzerland, Holland, England, Germany, Norway, Spain, Italy, Portugal, China and Israel. The best instrumentalists, conductors and singers of Brazil, by classical music and popular, within the framework of teachers and directors of the workshop. Grand masters of other countries are special guests and, apart from giving lessons, make unprecedented concerts for the public of the city. Curitiba has a strong relationship with the performing arts and theatre. Since 1992, the city hosts a major festival of theatre, the Festival de Teatro de Curitiba, composed of international attractions, large national attractions, local presentations, and alternative exhibitions, which each year attracts a large number of tourists and made an expressive cultural movement. Until 2007, were presented officially 1607 spectacles, to an audience estimated at 1.2 million people. The city has theatres with excellent techno-acoustic feedback, as the Teatro Guaíra, one of the largest rooms in number of spectators by South America.
This Is the Army
This Is the Army is a 1943 American wartime comedy-musical movie directed by Michael Curtiz. It was produced Hal B. Wallis and Jack L. Warner. It stars George Murphy, Joan Leslie, Ronald Reagan, Alan Hale, Sr., and Rosemary DeCamp. Joe Louis, Irving Berlin, Kate Smith, and Frances Langford appear as themselves. It was released on August 14, 1943. The movie won an Academy Award and was nominated for two others.