cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Gary Payton
Payton is widely considered one of the best point guards of all time and is the only point guard who has won the NBA Defensive Player of the Year award, which he won in 1996. He was selected to the NBA All-Defensive First Team nine times, an NBA record he shares with Michael Jordan, Kevin Garnett and Kobe Bryant. He was also a nine-time NBA All-Star and a nine-time All-NBA Team member.
Payton ranks fourth in steals, eighth in assists and 32nd in points among the NBA's career leaders. Payton is also considered one of the greatest college basketball players of all time and ranks among all-time leaders in assists and steals.
Payton is also known by the much lesser used nickname GP, an initialism for his first and last name, which he even at one point had as a license plate. One of his sons, Gary Payton II, has played in the NBA as well.
Bill Sveinson
William Martin Sveinson (July 7, 1946 – December 17, 2020) was a Canadian professional poker player and politician. Sveinson was a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) in Saskatchewan from 1982 to 1986. He was a member of the Saskatchewan Liberal Party. Sveinson was born in Wadena, Saskatchewan.
Sveinson died on December 17, 2020 in Edmonton, Alberta at the age of 74.
Laufen, Switzerland
Laufen (Laufon) is a municipality and the capital of the district of Laufen in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.
Olemic Thommessen
Olaf Michael "Olemic" Thommessen (born 18 April 1956) is a Norwegian politician. He is a member of the Conservative Party. He was the President of the Storting from 8 October 2013 until 15 March 2018.
Evolutionary medicine
Core principles
Experts who practice Darwinian medicine use 5 main ideas when thinking about people’s health. These main ideas help experts to decide what things might affect a person’s ability to be sick or healthy. Below is a list of these ideas and their meanings for Darwinian medicine.
Human adaptation
There are some adaptations that have changed our traits over time. Some of these adaptations have made people more healthy. But there are constraints that keep some traits from changing. The presence of constraints means that adaptations that could make people more likely to be healthy are not able to happen. Also, sometimes adaptations can happen but with trade-offs. This could mean changes in one trait that make people healthy might lead to changes in other traits that make people sick.
Disease of civilizations
A long time ago, we think humans used to hunt and gather food and stay in small tribes. The way humans have evolved supports this. There are communities today that still live a hunter-gatherer lifestyle, but there are also many people who have a very different way of living than how our ancestors did. Evolution takes a long time to happen, and evolution has not caught up with how many people are living today. Because of this, some experts in Darwinian medicine believe that people who do not practice a hunter-gatherer lifestyle are more likely to have problems being healthy. This idea of our evolution not matching the way many humans live today and causing health problems is called “diseases of civilization” or “diseases of affluence”.
Seven Sisters Road
Seven Sisters Road is a road in north London, England. The road runs within the boroughs of Islington, Hackney and Haringey. It is an extension of Camden Road, and runs from Holloway Road (the A1 road) at the Nags Head crossroads then on to another crossroads with Blackstock Road and Stroud Green Road. It carries on uphill alongside Finsbury Park to Manor House, and from there downhill to the junction with Tottenham High Road (the A10 road) at Seven Sisters Corner. The road was authorised in 1829 and constructed in 1833 by the Metropolitan Turnpike Trust. Seven Sisters Road is part of the A503. The stretch running past Finsbury Park is open to the park on the west side, and on the east side are large Victorian villas now used mainly as hotels.
Ship's cat
A ship's cat is a cat that rides along on a ship. Ship's cats have been very popular in history, and date back to ancient times.
Cats have been carried on ships for many reasons - most importantly, to catch mice and rats. On a ship, these rodents can damage ropes and wooden parts of the ship. Once electricity was discovered, rodents would also damage ships' electrical wiring. Also, rodents threatened the ship's cargo - the things it carried. Rodents would eat the food carried to feed the crew. If the ship was carrying things like grain as part of its cargo, rodents could also cause the ship to lose money by eating the cargo. Also, rats and mice spread disease, which is dangerous for ships that are at sea for long periods of time. For example, rat fleas can carry plague, and rats on ships may have been one of the main reasons why the Black Death spread.
Morelos Municipality, Coahuila
Morelos is a one of the 38 municipalities of Coahuila, in north-eastern Mexico. The municipal seat is Morelos. The municipality covers an area of 606.2 km².
Ship's cat
Early history
Cats were probably domesticated about 9,500 years ago. Not long after that, people began taking cats aboard boats and ships. The Ancient Egyptians took cats on board Nile boats to catch birds in the thickets along the riverbanks. The ancient Egyptians also carried cats on trading ships to control rodents. Traders from other areas soon started doing the same thing. This led to the spread of cats throughout the world. Cats eventually reached nearly all parts of the world that could be reached by ship. Phoenician cargo ships are thought to have brought the first domesticated cats to Europe in about 900 BC.
Cats and superstition
Cats in Ancient Egypt were worshipped as deities (powerful spirits). For many centuries, cats have had a reputation as magical animals. Many sailors believed myths and superstitions about cats. Cats were thought of as smart, lucky animals. Sailors usually took very good care of their ship's cats to keep them happy. Some sailors believed that six-toed cats were better at catching pests. They may have thought that extra toes give a cat better balance, which would be important when at sea. In some places, all six-toed cats became known as "ship's cats".
Cats were believed to have miraculous powers that could protect ships from dangerous weather. Sometimes, fishermen's wives would keep black cats at home too. They believed that these cats would use their special powers to protect their husbands at sea. Many sailors believed that it was lucky if a cat came up to a sailor on deck, but unlucky if it came only halfway and then turned around. Another popular belief was that cats could start storms through magic stored in their tails. Other sailors also believed that if a ship's cat fell or was thrown overboard, a terrible storm would come and sink the ship, and if the ship was able to survive, it would be cursed with nine years of bad luck. Still other sailors thought that if a cat licked its fur against the grain, it meant a hail storm was coming; if it sneezed, rain was coming; and if it was frisky, wind was coming.
Some of these beliefs are partly true. Cats can notice slight changes in the weather, because of their very sensitive inner ears. (Their inner ears also allow cats to land on their feet when falling.) Cats often get nervous and restless when they sense low atmospheric pressure, which often comes before stormy weather.
Blackie
Blackie was HMS Prince of Wales's ship's cat. He became famous during the Second World War. Blackie's ship, Prince of Wales, carried Prime Minister Winston Churchill across the Atlantic Ocean to Naval Station Argentia in Newfoundland in August 1941. There, Churchill secretly met with the United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and the two signed the Atlantic Charter. But as Churchill started to leave Prince of Wales, Blackie came up to him. Churchill bent down to say goodbye to Blackie, and the moment was photographed and reported in the world media. In honour of the success of the visit, Blackie was renamed Churchill. Blackie survived the sinking of HMS Prince of Wales later that year and was taken to Singapore with the survivors. He could not be found when Singapore was evacuated the following year and nobody knows what happened to him (though there is a chance he may have died by then).
Chibbley
Chibbley was the ship's cat aboard the tall ship Picton Castle. She was rescued from an animal shelter. She circumnavigated the world - sailed all the way around it - five times. Because Picton Castle’ was a training ship, Chibbley had many visitors. She became a celebrity, and people even sent her fan mail. Chibbley died on November 10, 2011, in Lunenburg, Nova Scotia. She had sailed over 180,000 miles at sea.
Convoy
Convoy was the ship's cat aboard HMS Hermione. He was named "Convoy" because he often went with the ship on convoy escort duties (where the ship would sail with a group of other ships for protection). Like the ship's sailors, Convoy was listed in the ship's book, and given a full kit, including a tiny hammock where he would sleep. He was killed along with 87 of his crew mates when Hermione was torpedoed and sunk on 16 June 1942 by German submarine U-205.
Emmy
Emmy was the ship's cat on RMS Empress of Ireland. She was an orange tabby cat who never missed a voyage. However, on 28 May 1914, Emmy tried to escape the ship. The crew could not get her to return to the ship, and Empress of Ireland left without her. This was thought to be a very bad sign. Early the next morning, Empress of Ireland ran into SS Storstad while sailing through fog at the mouth of the St. Lawrence River. Empress of Ireland sank quickly, killing over 1,000 people.
Evolutionary medicine
Diet
Many people eat types of food that are much different than what we ate a long time ago. A long time ago we ate things that grew from the ground and animals from the land or sea. Today there are more options to eat. Some options we have are foods that are made in factories, which have a lot of sugar, salt, and fat. These sugars, salts, and fats, coming from factory foods are not good for people to eat, and can lead to sickness. Some examples of sickness that can come from food are dental caries, obesity, and diabetes.
Trace radioisotope
A trace radioisotope is a radioactive isotope of an element which exists naturally in tiny amounts (i.e. traces). Generally speaking, trace radioisotopes have half-lives much shorter than the age of the Earth.
Trace radioisotopes occur in the atmosphere and the crust of the Earth. They are constantly produced by natural processes such as cosmic ray fission: high-energy cosmic ray striking atoms and causing them to split into smaller nuclei).
Evolutionary medicine
Life expectancy
How long we live is changed by how we live today. There are a lot of sicknesses that are more common now than they were a long time ago. Some of these include cardiovascular disease, cancer, arthritis, cataracts, hypertension, and Alzheimer’s disease. All of these sicknesses are more likely to happen the older you are.
Trace radioisotope
Another mechanism is neutron capture in uranium ores causing the production of nuclei such as uranium-236 and plutonium-239, which are both radioactive isotopes. Spontaneous fission and alpha decay of heavy nuclei such as thorium and uranium also produce radioisotopes in traces as their intermediate decay products.
Evolutionary medicine
Exercise
A long time ago, more people used to exercise than people do now. Back then, when people didn’t exercise, it was usually because they were sick or hurt. When a person would rest, it would change mechanisms in the body, and would lead to inflammation. Some people believe that people who don’t exercise have more inflammation in their bodies. This can cause more sicknesses.
Vérossaz
Vérossaz is a municipality in the district of Saint-Maurice in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
Evolutionary medicine
Cleanliness
People a long time ago were less clean than humans are now. Being clean has helped people be more healthy, but there are trade-offs to being clean. There are some microorganisms that are important for humans to have so that we can have strong immune systems. Some microorganisms that grow strong immune systems can come from dirt and animals. Without these microorganisms, people can have weak immune systems. This means they could be more likely to get sick.
Miuccia Prada
Miuccia Prada (born Maria Bianchi; 10 May 1949) is an Italian fashion designer. She designs for Prada. In 1992 she started a second fashion label, Miu Miu. Prada is the youngest granddaughter of Mario Prada. She was born in Milan.
Vérossaz
Villages
Aussays, Bassays, La Doey and Vésenau
Laleh Pourkarim
Laleh Pourkarim, born 10 June 1982, is a Swedish singer-songwriter and former actress. After a short-lasting acting career, she entered the music industry in 2005 with her self-titled debut album. It peaked at number one in Sweden, and became the highest selling album of the year.
Theresa Klein
Theresa Klein is a German water polo player. She was part of the German women's national water polo team at the 2003 World Aquatics Championships, 2006 European Water Polo Championship, and 2007 World Aquatics Championships, 2008 Women's European Water Polo Championship, and 2009 FINA Water Polo Women's Championship.
Ship's cat
Felix
Felix was the ship's cat aboard Mayflower II when she set sail from Devon, England, to Plymouth, Massachusetts, in 1957. The goal of this voyage was to show cooperation between the UK and the US after World War II. Felix was given his own life jacket for the trip. During the voyage, he broke one of his paws. The paw was set by the ship's doctor. After Felix returned to the US, photos and stories about him appeared in National Geographic magazine, Life magazine, and Yankee magazine. The cat and the rest of the crew marched in a New York ticker tape parade and toured the East Coast that summer. Felix was eventually adopted by the cabin boy's girlfriend, Ann Berry, and settled in Waltham, Massachusetts. The captain of the Mayflower II wrote a children's book about Felix called Felix and his Mayflower II Adventures. The book was published during the celebration of the ship's fiftieth anniversary at Plimoth Plantation.
Evolutionary medicine
History
Darwinian medicine comes from ideas that came from Charles Darwin. Although Charles Darwin had many ideas, the most important pieces that helped form Darwinian medicine came from his work on germ theory of disease. A lot of biologists learned of his ideas and quickly saw how germ theory of disease could help people think about how pathogens evolve, and how people evolve to protect themselves from these pathogens. Some papers that have been written and have helped grow the field of Darwinian medicine include a paper by Paul Ewald in 1980, “Evolutionary Biology and the Treatment of Signs and Symptoms of Infectious Disease”. Another paper written by Williams and Nesse in 1991, “The Dawn of Darwinian Medicine” was also important to the growth of the field. These papers made people think more about Darwinian medicine. A book called “Why We Get Sick” was written, and later an online journal was made in 2008 called “Evolution and Medicine Review.
Ship's cat
Mrs. Chippy
The ship became lost, trapped and then crushed in pack ice. At that point, Shackleton ordered his men to shoot the sled dogs and Mrs. Chippy, because he did not think they could survive.
Simon
Simon was the ship's cat of HMS Amethyst during the Yangtze Incident in 1949, during the Chinese Civil War. During the Yangtze Incident, the HMS Amethyst was attacked and was trapped on the Yangtze River for months. The ship and its crew were badly hurt in the attacks on the ship. These attacks killed 25 of Amethyst’s crew, including the commanding officer. Simon was also hurt in the attacks, but soon he recovered. He started killing rats again, which was very important since the rodents had been destroying the ship. Simon also did the important job of keeping up the crew's spirits.
After the Amethyst finally escaped the Yangtze River and returned to Britain, Simon was given the rank of 'Able Seacat' Simon. He became a celebrity. However, not long after he returned to Britain, he died from an infection. Many people sent tributes to honor Simon, and his obituary appeared in The Times (an important newspaper in London). After Simon's death, he was awarded the Dickin Medal. He is the only cat ever to earn this award. Simon was also buried with full naval honors.
Trim
Trim sailed on many ships commanded by Matthew Flinders during 1801-1803. These ships' goals were to circumnavigate (sail all the way around) Australia, and also to create maps of its coastline. Trim became a favourite of the crew, and was the first cat to circumnavigate Australia. Trim stayed with Flinders until Trim's death. A statue to Trim was later built in his honor. It sits on a window sill on the outside of the State Library, in Sydney, Australia. There have also been many books written about Trim.
U-boat
U-boat was another ship's cat aboard a Royal Navy ship in the Second World War. Whenever his ship came into port, U-boat would take shore leave (he would leave the ship to do things on shore). He would spend days on shore, and usually would return only just before his ship sailed away. One day, U-boat did not return in time for roll call and his ship was forced to sail away without him. As the ship pulled away, U-boat was seen running down the dock after the sailing ship. He made a death-defying leap onto the ship and made it aboard. The crew thought that he seemed unafraid by what had just happened, and calmly started to wash himself on deck. The crew members were very happy that U-boat had come back, since they thought he brought them good luck.
Miuccia Prada
Personal life
She met Patrizio Bertelli in 1977, and married him a year later.
Ship's cat
Unsinkable Sam (Oscar)
Oscar was the ship's cat of the German battleship Bismarck. When Bismarck was sunk on 27 May 1941, only 116 sailors out of over 2,200 survived. Oscar was picked up by the destroyer HMS Cossack. Cossack herself was torpedoed and sunk on 24 October, 1941. 159 sailors were killed, but Oscar again survived to be rescued, and was taken to Gibraltar. He became the ship's cat of HMS Ark Royal. Then this ship, too, was torpedoed and sunk in November of 1941. Oscar was again rescued, and it was decided that it was time for him to have a home on land. By now, Oscar had been renamed "Unsinkable Sam." He was given a new job as mouse-catcher in the Governor General of Gibraltar's office buildings. He eventually returned to the UK and spent the rest of his life at the 'Home for Sailors'. A portrait of him hangs in the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich.
Ship's cats today
Starting in 1975, the Royal Navy no longer allowed cats or any other pets to ride on any Royal Navy ships. This rule was created because of concern about hygiene (cleanliness).
Cats still ride on many private ships today. For example, Toolbox is a ship's cat who rides on the second Kalmar Nyckel.
American sailor Robin Lee Graham sailed with many cats on his ships Dove and Return of Dove, while he was trying to circumnavigate the world by himself (starting in 1965).
James Drury
James Child Drury Jr. (April 18, 1934 – April 6, 2020) was an American actor and businessman. He is best known for his success in playing the title role in the 90-minute weekly Western television series The Virginian, broadcast on NBC from 1962–1971.
Drury was born in New York City, New York. He was raised in Oregon. In 1979, he married Carl Ann Head Drury. He had two children. Drury died from natural causes on April 6, 2020 in Houston, at age 85.
Marshall County, Alabama
Marshall County is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 97,612. The county seat is Guntersville. A second courthouse is in Albertville. The name is in honor of John Marshall, famous Chief Justice of the United States.
Yens
Yens is a municipality in Morges in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
Christo and Jeanne-Claude
Christo Vladimirov Javacheff (June 13, 1935 – May 31, 2020) and Jeanne-Claude Denat de Guillebon (June 13, 1935 – November 18, 2009) were a married couple who created environmental works of art.
Their works include the wrapping of the Reichstag in Berlin and the Pont-Neuf bridge in Paris, the 24 mi artwork called Running Fence in Sonoma and Marin counties in California, and The Gates in New York City's Central Park.
Christo was born in Gabrovo, present-day Bulgaria. Jeanne-Claude was born in Casablanca, present-day Morocco. They met in Paris in 1958. In 1964, they moved to New York City where they began their joint art career.
Their works were given credit to "Christo" only, until 1994, when the outdoor works and large indoor were credited to "Christo and Jeanne-Claude". They flew in separate planes: in case one crashed, the other could continue their work.
Jeanne-Claude died, aged 74, on November 18, 2009 in New York City, from problems caused by a brain aneurysm. Christo died on May 31, 2020, of natural causes in New York City, aged 84.
Mehmed VI
Mehmed VI (14 January 1861 – 16 May 1926) was the 36th and last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. His reign lasted from 1918 to 1922. He succeeded his brother, Mehmed V, as the eldest male member of the House of Osman after the 1916 suicide of the heir to the throne, Yusuf Izzettin Efendi. He was presented with the Sword of Osman on 4 June 1918 in the traditional coronation ceremony. His father was Sultan Abdulmejid I and mother was Gülüstü (1831 – May 1861). His reign saw the collapse of the Ottoman Empire after its defeat in the First World War. The collapse of the Ottoman state resulted in its partitioning by Britain, France, Italy, Greece and Armenia. It was during this desperate time that the popular war hero Mustafa Kemal Atatürk assembled a Turkish resistance army in Ankara and fought off the Allied occupants of Anatolia during the Turkish War of Independence which he won. After removing the Western powers along with Greece from Anatolia in September 1922, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk then proceeded to abolish the Ottoman caliphate. Mehmed was removed from the throne when the Ottoman sultanate was abolished in 1922. As the sultan fled on an Allied warship, the Turkish army then liberated Istanbul in January 1923 which cemented the foundation of the new republic of Turkey with Mustafa Kemal Atatürk as its first president.
Roger Berlind
Roger Stuart Berlind (June 27, 1930 – December 18, 2020) was an American theatre producer and businessman. Berlind was born in New York City. He worked for Lehman Brothers. Berlind won fifteen Tony Awards for many of his stage productions. He produced Amadeus, The Book of Mormon and Guys and Dolls.
Berlind died in New York City on December 18, 2020 of cardiopulmonary arrest at the age of 90.
Walt Frazier
Walter Frazier Jr. (born March 29, 1945 in Atlanta, Georgia) is an American former basketball player in the National Basketball Association. Frazier is very well known by the nickname Clyde as well as the much lesser known nickname Mr. Cool. He was raised in Southern Illinois.
As their floor general, he led the New York Knicks to the franchise's only two championships (1970 and 1973), and was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1987. Upon his retirement from basketball, Frazier went into broadcasting. He is currently a color commentator for telecasts of Knicks games on the MSG Network.
Mike Patton
Michael Allan "Mike" Patton (born January 27, 1968) is an American singer. He is best known for being the singer of Faith No More.
Walt Frazier
Frazier is thought of as one of the greatest point guards of all time, and particularly one of the greatest defensive guards as well. He was noted for his very quick hands, and it is claimed that he once stole the ball on eight consecutive plays in a 1971 game against Atlanta (steals were not an official statistic at the time).
Mike Patton
Career
In 1984 when he was 15 years old he started Mr. Bungle. In 1989 he became the singer of Faith No More. Patton wrote all the lyrics for the band's third album, The Real Thing. In 1991 Mr. Bungle released their first album, Mr Bungle..
Walt Frazier
At one point Frazier held the single-game championship round record for assists when he scored 36 points, had 19 assists, 7 rebounds (and a claimed 6 steals) in Game 7 of the 1970 NBA Finals.
Mike Patton
1995
In 1995 Patton released three albums. Faith No More's fifth album King for a Day... Fool for a Lifetime was released on March 28, 1995.
Walt Frazier
Frazier is also a spokesman for Just for Men hair products, often starring alongside baseball player Keith Hernandez.
Mike Patton
1995
Mr Bungle released their second album Disco Volante on October 10, 1995.
1998-1999
Faith No More broke up in 1998. Patton started a noise band called Fantômas with Buzz Osborne and Dave Lombardo. In 1999 Patton started Tomahawk. He also started a record label called Ipecac Recordings with Greg Werckman. Mr Bungle released their last album California on June 13, 1999.
2000s
Patton started the band Peeping Tom in 2000. He also joined Lovage. In 2001 Tomahawk released their first album. Patton sang on The Dillinger Escape Plan's third EP, Irony Is a Dead Scene. He sung on Handsome Boy Modeling School's 2004 album White People. In 2005 he released an album with Melt-Banana called Animali In Calore Surriscaldati Con Ipertermia Genitale/Cat in Red. In 2006 Patton joined John Zorn's Moonchild Trio. Peeping Tom released their first album Peeping Tom. In 2009 Faith No More got back together. Patton made most of the soundtrack for the 2009 movie Crank: High Voltage.
2010s
On May 4 2010 Patton's third solo album Mondo Cane was released. Patton made the album with a forty-member orchestra and fifteen-piece backing band.
Katie Douglas (actress)
Kathryn Emily Douglas (born October 19, 1998) is a Canadian actress. She is known for her roles as Abby in Ginny & Georgia (2021-present) and Jackie in Pretty Hard Cases (2021–2023).
Biography
Douglas was born on October 19, 1998 in Burlington, Ontario and grew up going to a public school. She completed her schooling at Nelson High School and completed her graduation.
Denis Compton
Denis Compton (23 May 1918 in Hendon, Middlesex – 23 April 1997 in Windsor, Berkshire) was an English cricketer and football player. He played for Arsenal.
Šibovi
Šibovi  (Шибови) is a settlement in the Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika Srpska entity, Kotor Varoš Municipality.
According the data on Census Year of 1991, in this poulated place leaved 671 cititens.
Guarda, Switzerland
Guarda was a municipality of the district Inn in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2015, the former municipalities of Guarda, Ardez, Ftan, Sent and Tarasp merged into the municipality of Scuol.
Hudson, Massachusetts
Hudson is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, with a total population of 20,092 as of the 2020 census.
Two Men in Manhattan
Two Men in Manhattan (Deux hommes dans Manhattan) is a 1959 French crime movie directed by Jean-Pierre Melville (who also stars) and also starring Pierre Grasset, Christiane Eudes, Monique Hennessy, Glenda Leigh.
Communes of the Pas-de-Calais department
There are 894 communes in the Pas-de-Calais département, in France.
Huetter, Idaho
Huetter is a city in Idaho in the United States.
Robert E. Finnigan
Robert Emmet Finnigan (May 27, 1927August 14, 2022) was an American chemist. He was known for his role in the creation of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry equipment. Finnigan founded the Scientific Instruments Division of Electronic Associates, Inc.. His works had also helped with the monitoring of water quality and pollution.
Finnigan died on August 14, 2022 at his house in Palo Alto, California, at the age of 95.
Macropædia
The 17-book Macropædia is the third part of the Encyclopædia Britannica, and the other two parts are the 12-book Micropædia and the 1-book Propædia. The name comes from the word "macro" and "encyclopaedia". Macro means big, and so, the Macropædia is a big encyclopaedia. The Macropaedia has articles that are very detailed, but one article is usually about a very large topic. It is the opposite of the Micropædia, which has articles that are short.
The Macropædia was introduced in the 15th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica in 1974 with 19 book having 4,207 articles. In 1985, these articles were combined and made smaller into 17 books with about 700 articles, which can be as short as 2 pages, and as long as 310 pages. The longest article, on the United States, was from the combining of the 50 articles on each state.
Vern Benson
Vernon Adair Benson (September 19, 1924 – January 20, 2014) was an American baseball player. He was an infielder/outfielder, coach, scout and interim manager in American Major League Baseball.
Benson died on January 20, 2014 in Granite Quarry, North Carolina from natural causes at the age of 89.
Wayne Gretzky
Wayne Gretzky (born January 26, 1961 in Brantford, Ontario) known as "The Great One", is a Canadian retired ice hockey player. Gretzky played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for 20 seasons. He was coach and part-owner of the NHL's Phoenix Coyotes until he stepped down on September 24, 2009. He also managed Canada's Olympic hockey teams in 2002 and 2006, as well as Canada's 2004 World Cup of Hockey team.
Biography
The Gretzky family comes from Belarus, or more precisely from the Brest region (the village of Ogdemer), from where his paternal grandfather Terenty Lavrentiyovych Gretzky emigrated. Grandmother Veyna Maria was Ukrainian and comes from Pidhaitsi (now Ternopil region); he and his grandfather spoke Ukrainian to each other. His parents were Walter and Phyllis Gretzky; his father considered Ukrainian his native language. The family had four other children: Kim, Kate, Brent and Glenn.
Gretzky did not emphasize his Ukrainian roots, but at a large fundraising dinner in Toronto in support of the Canadian medical mission to help victims on the Maidan and the ATO on September 11, 2014, Wayne and his wife Janet were introduced to Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper as guests of honor.
Career
Wayne signed his first contract at the age of 16 with the Indianapolis Racers. He then played for the National Hockey League (NHL): "Edmonton Oilers" (Ukrainian-Canadian Dave Semenko was his bodyguard from rival teams), "Los Angeles Kings", "New York Rangers".
Gretzky was a star junior player with the Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds of the Ontario Hockey League. When he was a boy he went from a bad first season, to great improvement. But this success also brought criticism because his father pushed Gretzky's success over other young players'. In 1978, when he was 17, he began playing as a professional with the Indianapolis Racers of the World Hockey Association (WHA), but was sold to the Edmonton Oilers after only a few games. He was third in WHA scoring and rookie of the year.
The WHA folded in 1979, and the Oilers team joined the NHL. At the age of 19, Gretzky won his first Hart Trophy as the NHL's most valuable player (MVP). He won this trophy nine times. In 1981, he won his first of ten Art Ross Trophies as NHL scoring champion. He set many records in the 1980s, including most goals (92), assists (163), and points (215) in a season. In the 1981-82 season, he scored 50 goals in 39 games, when the record had been 50 games. He was named as Sports Illustrated athlete of the year in 1982. He was also called "the greatest player of all time" in Total Hockey: The Official Encyclopedia of the NHL.
Gretzky won four Stanley Cup championships with the Edmonton Oilers: 1984, 1985, 1987, and 1988. He won the Conn Smythe Trophy as MVP in the playoffs in 1985 and 1988. Then, in 1988, he was traded to the Los Angeles Kings. He helped them to the finals in 1993. In 1996, he was traded to the St. Louis Blues, and signed with the New York Rangers at the beginning of the 1996-97 season. He retired, and was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame, in 1999.
When he retired, he had 2857 career points, over 1000 more than the next highest player. To this day, no one else has reached 2000. He still holds the record for most career goals (894) and assists (1963) (he has more assists than anyone else has points). He holds many other records, such as most 100-point seasons (15), most points in the playoffs (47 in one year and 382 career), and most games in a row with at least one point (51). He was named to the first or second all-star team 15 times and was MVP of the NHL all-star game three times. He had 61 official NHL records when he retired.
In 21 years of playing on the ice (1487 games), Wayne Gretzky broke virtually all NHL records. He has 894 goals and 2857 points. He has won the NHL's most prestigious awards nine times (including "Most Valuable Player" and "Best Scorer").
In the Stanley Cup he played 208 matches, scored 122 goals. Four-time (1984, 1985, 1987, 1988) winner and three-time (1983, 1986, 1993) Stanley Cup finalist.
7 seasons in a row he was named the most productive player in the NHL (1980-1987). Awarded the Order of Canada (1984), member of the Hockey Hall of Fame (1999). Participant in the 18th Winter Olympics (Nagano, 1998), executive director of the Canadian national team at the 19th (Salt Lake City, 2002) and 20th (Turin, 2006) Olympic Games. Since 2005 - head coach, later co-owner of the team "Coyotes" (Phoenix, Arizona, USA).
Gretzky's number, #99, was retired by the entire league. He was named Canada's male athlete of the 20th century. He has also been honoured with Canada's highest honour for a civilian: the Order of Canada.
Family
Gretzky married American actress Janet Jones in 1988. They have five children: Paulina, Ty, Trevor, Tristan, and Emma.
Stillbirth
A stillbirth happens when a fetus (unborn baby) dies while still inside the mother or dies during delivery (childbirth). It is said that the delivered baby is stillborn. Stillbirth is different from a miscarriage because a stillbirth happens after the baby has been living inside its mother 20 to 24 weeks (depending on the country). It is called a miscarriage if the baby lived inside the mother for less time.
Causes
The causes of many stillbirths are unknown, even when special tests are done to learn the cause.
Occurrence
The number of stillbirths in the United States is about 1 in 115 births, which is about 26,000 a year, or one every 20 minutes. In developing countries, where medical care is not as advanced or good, the number of stillbirths is higher.
In Australia, England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, the rate is about 1 in 200 babies.
After stillbirth
The death of the baby is usually treated like the death of an older baby. The family may have a funeral. The body of the dead baby can be buried or cremated (burned). In some places, there are special places for putting the bodies or the ashes of stillborn babies.
The mother may be ill. Her body may be hurt from having the baby.
Indigo bunting
The indigo bunting (Passerina cyanea) is a small seed-eating bird. It is migratory. Its range is from southern Canada to northern Florida during the breeding season, and from southern Florida to northern South America during the winter. It often migrates by night, using the stars to navigate. Its habitat is farmland, brush areas, and open woodland. The indigo bunting is closely related to the lazuli bunting.
The indigo bunting is a small bird, with a length of 11.5–13 cm (4.5–5 in). The male is a vibrant blue in the summer and a brown color during the winter months, while the female is brown year-round. The male displays brightly colored plumage during the breeding season to attract a mate. Nest-building and incubation are done solely by the female. The diet of the indigo bunting is insects during the summer months and seeds during the winter months.
Stillbirth
Australia
In Australia, any stillborn fetus that weighs more than 400 grams and lived in the mother for more than 20 weeks must be reported to the government.
United States
The United States does not have a formal definition of stillborn babies. All pregnancies are legally called either: live birth, fetal death, or induced termination of pregnancy (abortion). The law does not have a difference between a stillbirth and a miscarriage. However, it is recommended to register infants who weighed over 350 grams or who lived over 19 weeks inside the mother before dying.
Känerkinden
Känerkinden is a municipality of the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.
Renata Notni
Renata Notni (born January 2, 1995 in Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico ) is a Mexican actress and model.
Early life
Notni was born in Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. As a child, she attended acting lessons at Centro de Educación Artística, the children's version of drama school. Centro de Educación Artística is run by Televisa in Mexico City.
Personal life
Notni had a relationship with Diego Amozurrutia. The relationship ended but they remain friends. She currently resides in Mexico City.
Steven Chu
Steven Chu (born February 28, 1948) is an American physicist. He was the 12th United States Secretary of Energy from 2009 to 2013. Chu is known for his research at Bell Labs in cooling and trapping of atoms with laser light, which won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1997, along with his scientific colleagues Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and William Daniel Phillips.
Chu is the first Nobel Prize winner and the second Chinese American to hold a post in the United States Cabinet. Before becoming the United States Secretary of Energy, he was a professor of physics and molecular and cellular biology at the University of California, Berkeley. He was also the director of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
Before teaching at Berkeley, he was a professor of physics at Stanford University. He has argued for more research into alternative energy and nuclear power. He thinks the world should shift away from fossil fuels to help with climate change. For example, he discusses a global "glucose economy". This is a form of a low-carbon economy, in which glucose from tropical plants is shipped around like oil is today.
Early life
Chu was born in St. Louis, Missouri. He has ancestry from Taicang, Jiangsu. He attended and graduated from Garden City High School. He received both a B.A. in mathematics and a B.S. in physics in 1970 from the University of Rochester. He went on to earn his Ph.D. in physics from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1976.
Career
He wrote a paper on gravitational redshift published in Nature (463, 926–929) in Feb 2010 and a second one co-authored in July 2010.
Under his leadership in 2010 the Department of Energy updated the water usage regulations on toilets and showers.
Secretary of Energy
His nomination to be Secretary of Energy was unanimously confirmed by the United States Senate on January 20, 2009. On January 21, 2009, Chu was sworn in as Secretary of Energy in the Barack Obama administration.
Nicoletta Machiavelli
Nicoletta Machiavelli (1 August 1944 – 15 November 2015), also known as Nicoletta Rangoni Machiavelli and Nicoletta Macchiavelli, was an Italian-American movie actress. She was born in Ravarino to a Florentine father and American mother. She was known for her works with John Huston and producer Dino De Laurentiis. She was known for her roles in Navajo Joe (1966), Scarabea - wieviel Erde braucht der Mensch? (1969) and L'important c'est d'aimer (1975).
Steven Chu
Secretary of Energy
In March 2011 Chu said that federal regulators should not delay approving licenses for construction for planned U.S. nuclear power plants because of the Fukushima nuclear disaster. "I think those things can proceed", Chu told reporters on Capital Hill, referring to construction license applications pending at the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
Nicoletta Machiavelli
Machiavelli died in Seattle, Washington from an illness, aged 71.
Steven Chu
Secretary of Energy
In August 2011, Chu praised an advisory panel’s report on curbing the environmental risks of natural-gas development. Chu responded to the panel’s report on hydraulic fracturing. Hydraulic fracturing breaks up rock to get more oil and gas out of the ground. The report recommendations include: greater data collection of air and water data, “rigorous” air pollution standards and mandatory disclosure of chemicals used in the hydraulic fracturing process. “The report ... recommends a range of tools for implementing these measures, including regulation, continuous improvement in best practices by industry, and ongoing research and development,” Chu said in a statement. “I will be working closely with my colleagues in the Administration to review the recommendations and to chart a path for continued development of this vital energy resource in a safe manner,” he added.
Republicans in Congress have accused Chu for changing a US$535 million federal loan to Solyndra, an energy company. When the company went bankrupt in 2011, the government lost the money. A House Energy and Commerce subcommittee asked Chu in 2011 about the loan.
Oswestry
Oswestry (Croesoswallt), is one of the United Kingdom's oldest border towns. It is the largest market town and civil parish in Shropshire, England, close to the Welsh border. Oswestry is the third largest town in Shropshire, following Telford and Shrewsbury. The 2001 Census recorded the population of the civil parish as 15,613, and the urban area as 16,660. In 2008 the latter figure was estimated to have increased to 17,116. The town is five miles (8 km) from the Welsh border, Oswestry has a mixed Welsh and English heritage. It is the home of the Shropshire libraries' Welsh Collection.
Name history
The Battle of Maserfield is thought to have been fought here in 642 between Penda of Mercia and Oswald of Northumbria. Oswald was killed in this battle. According to legend, one of his arms was carried to an ash tree by a raven. Miracles were then attributed to the tree (as Oswald was considered a saint). The Welsh who held this area at the time called it Croes-Oswellt (meaning Oswald's cross). During the Anglo-Saxon period the town was called Oswald's Tree. Later this became Oswestry.
Josef Pešice
Josef Pešice (12 February 1950 – 18 December 2017) was a Czech football player and manager. He was born in Prague.
Pešice played for both famous Prague clubs, Sparta Prague and Slavia Prague. He won the Czechoslovak First League with this team in the 1977/78 season. As a manager, Pešice led several Czech clubs before focusing on Czech Republic youth national teams. He was named the temporary head coach of the Czech Republic in September 2013.
David Canary
David Hoyt Canary (August 25, 1938 – November 16, 2015) was an American movie and television actor. He was best known for his roles as Adam and Stuart Chandler in All My Children and as Candy Canady in Bonanza. He was born in Elwood, Indiana.
Josef Pešice
Pešice died on 18 December 2017 in Prague at the age of 67.
Vaugondry
Vaugondry was a municipality in the Jura-Nord vaudois district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 July 2011, the municipalities of Fontanezier, Romairon, Vaugondry and Villars-Burquin joined together to become the new municipality of Tévenon.
Monroe County, Alabama
Monroe County is a county in the southern part of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 19,772. The county seat is Monroeville. The name is in honor of James Monroe, fifth President of the United States.
It is the birthplace of notable writer Harper Lee and served as the childhood home for Truman Capote, her lifelong friend and a fellow writer.
David Canary
Canary died from complications of Alzheimer's disease in Wilton, Connecticut at the age of 77.
Erna Schneider Hoover
Dr. Erna Schneider Hoover (born June 19, 1926) is an American mathematician from Irvington, New Jersey. She is known for inventing a computerized telephone switching method which "revolutionized modern communication" according to several reports. This architecture used "stored program control" to achieve an unprecedented level of flexibility.
Hoover was awarded one of the first patents issued for software. It gave priority to processes concerned with the input and output of the switch over processes that were less important such as record keeping and billing. This provided more robust service to callers during peak calling times. Some of her work was done while she was recuperating from the birth of her second daughter in the hospital and at home.
Hoover received a B.A. from Wellesley College in classical and medieval philosophy and history in 1948. After graduating with honors in 1948, she was inducted into Phi Beta Kappa, an honor society of liberal arts and sciences, and was honored as a Durant Scholar. She obtained a Ph.D. from Yale University in philosophy and foundations of mathematics in 1 951. She was a professor in Swarthmore Colleg e from 1951 to 1954. Upon marrying her husband, Hoover found it difficult to secure a tenure track position, so she joined Bell Labs. Later, she worked on the development of the Safeguard Anti-Ballistic Missile System and subsequently became the first woman to head a technical department in 1978. She spent the next decade working on software applications with a particular focus on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and IMS-IBM/Unix based system communications. In 1987, after three decades of dedication to improving telecommunications as we know it, Dr. Hoover retired.
Dr. Hoover was keen on publicizing the importance of K-12 education, focusing on the lack of female representation in STEM. She created one of the first conferences for the Expanding Your Horizons program in association with the American Association of the University of Women and Girl Scouts of America. She continued with a fervent focus on education as she joined the New Jersey Board of Higher Education in 1983 and has served as a chairperson of the Trenton State College Board of Trustees since 1980.
Hoover was described as an important pioneer for women in the field of computer technology.
Micropædia
The 12-book Micropædia is one of the three parts of the 15th edition of Encyclopædia Britannica, and the other two being the one-book Propædia and the 17-book Macropædia. The name comes from the word "micro" and "encyclopaedia". Micro means small and so, the Micropaedia is a small encyclopedia. The Micropaedia has articles that are very short, the articles are found in small strips. It is the opposite of the Macropaedia, which has articles that are very long.
Altero Matteoli
Altero Matteoli (8 September 1940 – 18 December 2017) was an Italian politician. He was born in Cecina, Tuscany.
Nina Wengst
She played for University of Southern California's women's water polo team.
World Trade Center (2001–present)
The World Trade Center is an almost completed complex of skyscrapers in Lower Manhattan, New York City, U.S. It is built on the site of the original complex that was destroyed during the September 11 attacks of 2001. There are six skyscrapers in the complex and four of them have been built. There is also a train station and memorial for 9/11. One World Trade Center is part of it, which is the tallest building in North America.