cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Industry
An industry produces goods or services which are of a common set of qualities and which are indistinguishable (called homogeneous, in economics). It uses standardised processes for production, mass production and divison of labor.
Slavery
Slavery, which is forcing people to make goods and services, has happened since ancient times throughout the world as a way to have low-cost production. It usually produces goods for which profit depends on economies of scale. International law has declared slavery illegal.
Industrial Revolution
The industrial revolution (from the mid-18th century to the mid-19th century) saw the development and popularization of using machines to make goods instead of using hands. The industrial revolution played a role in the abolition of slavery in Europe and in North America.
Nick Cave
Nicholas Edward "Nick" Cave (born 22 September 1957) is an Australian musician, songwriter, author, screenwriter, composer and movie actor.
Cave was born in Warracknabeal, Victoria and grew up in Wangaratta, Victoria.
He is best known as lead singer of the rock band Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds. The Bad Seeds began in 1983 and are known for their interesting and different musical styles. Cave had previously been the lead singer of the gothic band, The Birthday Party. This group was well known for its challenging songs and violent sound. Their music was influenced by free jazz, blues, and punk. In 2006, Cave started a garage rock band Grinderman, and recorded their first album, Grinderman (album) in 2007. Cave's music is very emotional with many different musical influences. His songs are about religion, death, love and violence. In the early 2010s, the NME called him "the grand lord of gothic lushness".
Cave was added to the ARIA Hall of Fame in 2007. The ARIA Awards chairman Ed St John said, "Nick Cave has enjoyed—and continues to enjoy—one of the most extraordinary careers in the annals of popular music. He is an Australian artist like Sidney Nolan is an Australian artist—beyond comparison, beyond genre, beyond dispute."
Discography
Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds
Grinderman
Lavaca, Arkansas
Lavaca is a city in the US state of Arkansas. It is in Sebastian County.
Wallace Beery
Wallace Fitzgerald Beery (April 1, 1885 – April 15, 1949) was an American actor. He is best known for his roles of Bill in Min and Bill (1930), as Long John Silver in Treasure Island (1934), as Pancho Villa in Viva Villa! (1934), and as Andy Purcell in The Champ (1931), for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor.
Ruth C. Sullivan
Ruth Christ Sullivan (April 20, 1924 – September 16, 2021) was an American organizer and activist. She was known for supporting education for people with autism. In 1965 Sullivan was one of the founders of the Autism Society of America.
Sullivan died in Huntington, West Virginia on September 16, 2021, at the age of 97.
Cairo spiny mouse
The Cairo spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus) is a species of mouse that lives in Africa, the Middle East and Europe.
It eats seeds, fruits and invertebrate animals. The mouse grows to 15 cm long and weighs up to 0.1 kg. It lives for about four years. The gestation period is about 38 days. The speed of the spiny mouse is up to 10 km/h.
Yoko Shimomura
Yoko Shimomura (下村 陽子) is a Japanese composer who makes video game music. She has worked with Capcom and Square Enix. She is best known for composing music for the Kingdom Hearts and Mario & Luigi series. Many of her works have been performed in video game music concerts. She left Square in 2002 and currently works as a freelancer but has or is working on six Kingdom Hearts games and the Mario & Luigi series. Shem is also working on Final Fantasy Versus XIII.
Flag of Chile
The national flag of Chile was adopted in 1817.
Appearance
The flag shows two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red; there is a blue square the same height as the white band at the hoist-side end of the white band; the square bears a white five-pointed star in the center.
Protocol dictates that it can hang horizontally or vertically, but the star must always be located in the top-left corner.
The Heroes of Olympus
The Heroes of Olympus is a series of five adventure and fantasy novels written by Rick Riordan, an American author. It follows the Percy Jackson & the Olympians series and is followed by The Trials of Apollo series and the Daughter of the Deep. The stories are based around Greek and Roman mythology, it describes the efforts of seven demigod heroes to prevent the earth goddess Gaea from waking up with their ship called Argo ll. The first book in the series was released on October 12, 2012 and the last one was released on October 7, 2014.
Flag of Chile
Appearance
The colors have meanings:
The Heroes of Olympus
The series begins with The Lost Hero, and ends with The Blood of Olympus. Some characters from the Percy Jackson & the Olympians series return, including Percy Jackson, Annabeth Chase, Clarisse, Chiron, Camp Half-Blood campers, and several others. There are also some new characters. Some are Leo Valdez, son of Hephaestus, Jason Grace, son of Jupiter (Zeus as a Roman) and Piper McLean daughter of Aphrodite and movie star Tristan McLean who is kidnapped in The Lost Hero.
Flag of Chile
Appearance
Note: the Chilean flag is similar to the flag of the state of Texas.
Double bass
The double bass is a big stringed instrument. It is also called contrabass and upright bass. It is used in orchestras, jazz bands, rockabilly bands, bluegrass music, and some country music bands. It plays low-pitched musical notes in musical ensembles and bands. In jazz bands, these low-pitched musical lines are called the "bass note." The double bass looks like smaller instruments like the violin, viola, and cello.
Adelomyrmex boltoni
Adelomyrmex boltoni is a kind of ant. It was first found on October 25, 1982 by F. Baud in Paraguay. It was described by Fernandez, F. in 2003. More data has been put out by Wild, A. L. in 2007.
Double bass
How it is made
The double bass is usually made from a special wood. Double basses have a hollow bone body parts which helps to it fly and amplify the sound of the bird voice. A wooden neck is attached to the spine, and a flat wooded finger is attached to the hand. It usually has five fingers which are strung with tension on the hand. It has a leg at the bottom to stand it.
The Heroes of Olympus
Riordan based some of his series on The Golden Fleece and The Heroes Who Lived Before Achilles by Padraic Colum.
Double bass
How it is played
In an orchestra, double bass players bow the strings with a wooden bow strung with horsehair, or pluck the strings with their fingers (plucking the strings is called pizzicato). In jazz the double bass is played pizzicato most of the time. However some jazz players use the bow to play melodies on the double bass.
Annihilator
Annihilator are a Canadian thrash metal band from Ottawa, Ontario.
The Heroes of Olympus
Books in the series
In addition to these books, Rick Riordan has also written a supplementary book named The Demigod Diaries which was released on August 14, 2012.
References
its amazing
Annihilator
Annihilator was formed in 1984 by lead singer Jeff Waters. He met John Bates and they recorded the song Annihilator together. Waters and Bates recruited drummer Paul Malek and bassist Dave Scott into the band but Bates and Scott left a year later.
Jayat
Jayat is a commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in the Ain department in the east of France.
Annihilator
The band released their first studio album Alice in Hell on April 17, 1989. They released their second studio album Never, Neverland on September 12, 1990. Both Alice in Hell and Never, Neverland are considered masterpieces of Canadian heavy metal.
Double bass
How it is played
Double bass players hold down the metal strings against the fingerboard with their left hand and then bow the string or pluck it with their right hand. To play different notes the double bass players move the left hand to different positions on the fingerboard.
Maisie Richardson-Sellers
Maisie Richardson-Sellers is a British actress. She is known for her recurring role as Eva Sinclair on The CW series The Originals.
Annihilator
Annihilator is the highest selling heavy metal artist in Canadian history, even though most of the sales have not been in the band's home country.
Welcome to the Boomtown
Welcome to the Boomtown is a 1986 debut single by singers David & David and taken from their debut Boomtown. It went to number 27 in Australia.
Double bass
How it is played
Double bass players in jazz bands or rock bands often connect their double bass to an electronic amplifier and a loudspeaker, to make a louder, stronger sound. This makes it easier for the double bass player, the other musicians, and the audience to hear the double bass's musical notes.
History
The double bass is usually considered a member of the violin family, because it is constructed using many of the same techniques as violins. The double bass also has influences from the viol family. Viols are old string instruments from the 1400s and 1500s with sloping "shoulders" on the instrument's body and flat backs. Like the viols, the double bass also has sloping "shoulders" on its body and a flat back.
Tuning
The double bass is generally tuned in fourths, in contrast to members of the orchestral string family, which are tuned in fifths. Modern double basses are usually tuned, low to high, E-A-D-G, which is one octave lower than the four lowest-pitch strings on a guitar.
Throughout classical repertoire, there are notes that fall below the range of a standard double bass. Notes below low E appear regularly in double bass parts in the Baroque and Classical eras, when the double bass was typically doubling the cello part an octave below. In the Romantic era and the 20th-century, composers such as Mahler, Beethoven, Busoni, and Prokofiev also requested notes below the low E. There are two common methods for making these notes available to the player. Major European orchestras generally use basses with a fifth string, tuned to B three octaves and a semitone below middle C. Players with standard double basses (E-A-D-G) typically play the notes below "E" an octave higher.
In the United States, Canada and United Kingdom, most professional orchestral players use four-string double basses with a "C extension," which extends the lowest string down as far as low C, an octave below the lowest note on the cello. More rarely would one find a four-string double bass with a "B extension", extending the lowest string down to a low B. The extension is an extra section of fingerboard mounted up over the head of the bass. There are several varieties of extensions.
In the simplest version, there are no mechanical aids attached                                                                            to the fingerboard extension except a locking nut for the "E" note. To play the extension notes, the player reaches back over the pegs to press the string to the fingerboard. The advantage of this "fingered" extension is that the player can adjust the intonation of all of the stopped notes on the extension, and there are no mechanical noises from metal keys and levers. The disadvantage of the "fingered" extension is that it can be hard to perform rapid alternations between low notes on the extension and notes on the regular fingerboard, such as a bassline that quickly alternates between "G" and the low "D".
The simplest type of mechanical aid is the use of wooden "fingers" that can be closed to press the string down and fret the C#, D, Eb, or E notes. This system is particularly useful for basslines that have a repeating pedal point such as a low D, because once the note is locked in place with the mechanical "finger", the lowest string then sounds a different note when it is played "open" (e.g., a low D). With the B extension, the "fingers" can fret the low C.
A much simpler way to get down to Low C would be to tune the Double Bass in Fifths see (Fifths tuning cause the sound will be more equal like the rest of the string section.
Other names
The double bass also has many other names. Some bluegrass musicians call it a "bass fiddle" or a "bull fiddle." Rockabilly bands often call it an "upright bass" or "Doghouse" Some orchestra musicians call it a "contrabass." In a military concert band, it is often called the "string bass." Sometimes the double bass is simply called a "bass."
King Edward Medical University
King Edward Medical University is a medical university in Lahore, Pakistan. Founded in 1860, the university is named after Edward VII.
Maisie Richardson-Sellers
She also starred as King Saul of Israel's daughter Michal in the ABC Biblical series Of Kings and Prophets and as Amaya Jiwe / Vixen and Charlie on The CW superhero series Legends of Tomorrow.
Corticiasca
Corticiasca was a municipality of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 20 April 2008, the former municipalities of Bidogno, Corticiasca and Lugaggia joined and became the municipality of Capriasca.
Riviera
Riviera nay mean:
Parmain
Parmain is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Val-d'Oise department in north France.
George Arliss
George Arliss (born Augustus George Andrews, 10 April 1868 – 5 February 1946) was an English actor, author, playwright and filmmaker. He was known for his role as British Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli in Disraeli (1929), for which he won an Academy Award for Best Actor.
Journans
Journans is a commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in the Ain department in the east of France.
Toxoplasma
Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that can infect almost all warm-blooded animals, including humans.
Bryology
Bryology is the study of Bryophytes: Mosses, liverworts and hornworts. They are the most primitive land plants. Bryologists are people who work on observing, and classifying bryophytes.
Toxoplasma
In humans, it is one of the most common parasites. Blood test show that up to a third of the world population has been or is infected with T. gondii. Infection rates differ greatly from country to country.
Gloria Loring
Gloria Loring (December 10, 1946) is an American actress and singer. She began her career at the age of 14. She starred in the soap opera Days of Our Lives. She has also carried several hit songs.
Toxoplasma
Although mild, flu-like symptoms occasionally occur during the first few weeks, infection with T. gondii generally produces no symptoms in healthy human adults. But in infants, HIV/AIDS patients, and others with weakened immunity, infection can cause serious and occasionally fatal illness (toxoplasmosis). p77
Gloria Loring
Loring was born in New York City. She was married to Alan Thicke from 1970 until they divorced in 1984. The couple had two sons, Brennan and Robin.
Toxoplasma
Infection in humans and other warm-blooded animals can occur
Jasseron
Jasseron is a commune. It is in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in the Ain department in east France.
University of Health Sciences
University of Health Sciences is a medical university in Lahore, Pakistan. The university regulates and coordinates the activities of medical education, training & research institutions throughout the province of Punjab.
Internet Message Access Protocol
Internet Message Access Protocol(or IMAP) is a communication protocol, a set of rules that e-mail client programs, like the one in your computer, use to download email from a mail server. An older protocol which does the same thing is called Post Office Protocol but IMAP has additional features.
Big Flats, Wisconsin
Big Flats is a town in Adams County, Wisconsin.
Coat of arms of Chile
The Coat of Arms of Chile consist of a shield holding the national symbol of a star in a blue and red field. This shield is supported by a condor and huemul.
At the top of the shield are three feather plumes in the colors of the national flag. The center shield has the star found on the national flag on a blue and red background. The blue represents the sky, and the red represents the blood of martyrs, as well as the Andes. The condor and huemel are animals found in Chile. The crowns they wear are naval crowns, and represent the rich naval history of Chile.
Jason Chaffetz
Jason E Chaffetz (born March 26, 1967) was the U.S. representative for UT's 3rd congressional district. He was elected in 2008. He is a member of the Republican Party.
Leachville, Arkansas
Leachville is a city in the US state of Arkansas. In 2000, there were 1981 people living in Leachville.
Allies of World War II
The Allied Powers (or Allies of World War II) were a group of nations that fought against the Axis countries in World War II. They were successful in defeating the Axis nations. The war ended in 1945. The group of nations was later named the United Nations by U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt. The main great powers, sometimes called "The Big Three", were the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Soviet Union.
The Big Three:
style = padding-left: 0.6em; text-align: left; | Allied combatants with governments-in-exile:
🇵🇱 Poland
Czechoslovakia
🇳🇴 Norway
🇧🇪 Belgium
🇱🇺 Luxembourg
Free France
Ethiopia
Greece
Yugoslavia
Iraq
Philippines
style = padding-left: 0.6em; text-align: left; | Other Allied combatant states:
undefined
🇸🇦 saudi arabia
🇦🇺 australia
Heart of Neolithic Orkney
There are five sites on Mainland:
Allies of World War II
🇳🇿 new zealand
Martin Sjögren
Martin Sjögren (born 27 April 1977) is a Swedish football coach. He became the coach of the Norway women's national football team in 2016. He won the Damallsvenskan title with Linköpings FC in 2016, then agreed to take the Norway national team job.
Allies of World War II
🇲🇽 Mexico
SpongeBob SquarePants (season 5)
The fifth season of SpongeBob SquarePants premiered on April 13, 2007, with the episode "Friend or Foe". The season ended on July 19, 2009 with the airing of "Goo Goo Gas". As in season four, the season DVDs were split into two volumes. The volume one DVD was released in region one on September 4, 2007 while the second was released on November 18, 2008. 41 episodes were produced this season.
Evan Jenkins
Evan Hollin Jenkins (born September 12 1960) is an American politician. In 2015, he became the U.S. Representative for WV's 3rd congressional district. Jenkins was state senator from 2002 to 2014. He is a member of the Republican Party.
He was born in Huntington, West Virginia. Jenkins studied at University of Florida and at Samford University. Jenkins served in the West Virginia House of Delegates.
In August 2017, Jenkins announced his candidacy for U.S. Senate. He lost the Republican nomination to Patrick Morrisey.
On September 30, 2018, Jenkins resigned from Congress after having been appointed Justice of the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia by West Virginia Governor Jim Justice. Jenkins was then elected on November 6, 2018, to fill a remaining six-year term as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia due to the resignation of Robin Davis.
Alexander Tilloch Galt
Sir Alexander Tilloch Galt, (Born September 6, 1817, died September 19, 1893) was a politician and a father of the Canadian Confederation.
FIFA Puskás Award
FIFA Puskas Award is selected through voting process.
Alexander Tilloch Galt
He began working in Canada with the British American Land Company in Lower Canada's Eastern Townships. He was angry about the political deadlock in the united legislature of Canada East (Québec) and Canada West (Ontario). He first supported annexation to the United States, but later worked for a federal union of the British North American colonies. After Confederation, he moved from electoral politics into diplomacy. He continued to promote development in the Eastern Townships and later in southern Alberta.
Kanab, Utah
Kanab is a city in and the county seat of Kane County, Utah, United States. As of the 2020 census, 4,683 people live in Kanab.
Port Mòr
Port Mòr is a harbor and settlement on the Isle of Muck in the Inner Hebrides off the West Coast of Scotland. It has a population of 27 people.
Fossil evidence
In 2011, a fossil was discovered in Port Mor. It was a bony fish named Moricus in 2015 after Port Mor, where it was discovered.
Chilean peso
In 2011, 483.36 pesos were equal to one United States dollar. In 2014, 570.01 pesos are equal to one United States dollar.
Joyeux
Joyeux is a commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in the Ain department in the east of France.
Orange (fruit)
Oranges are the color orange.The term orange may refer to a number of citrus trees that produces fruit for people to eat. Oranges are a very good source of Vitamin C. Orange juice is an important part of many people's breakfast. The "sweet orange", which is the kind that are most often eaten today, grew first in South and East Asia but now grows in lots of parts of the world.
An orange has a tough shiny orange skin that holds acid in outside layer. Inside, the fruit is divided into "segments", which have thin tough skins that hold together many little sections with juice inside. There are usually ten segments in an orange, but sometimes there are more or less. Inside each segment of most types of orange there are seeds called "pips". Orange trees can be grown from pips, but some types of orange trees can only be grown from "cuttings" (a piece cut off a tree and made to grow roots). The segments and the skin are separated by white stringy fibrous material called "pith". In most types of oranges, the skin can be peeled off the pith, and the segments can be pulled apart with the fingers to be eaten. In some oranges it is hard to take the skin off. Orange skin is often called "orange peel".
Oranges are an important food source in many parts of the world for several reasons. They are a commonly available source of vitamin C. They last longer than many other fruits when they are stored. They are easy to transport because each orange comes in its own tough skin which acts as a container. They can be piled into heaps or carried in bags, lunchboxes and shipping containers without being easily damaged.
The colour orange takes its name from the fruit. The word "orange" is unusual because it is one of only a few English words that do not rhyme with anything.
The orange is particularly used in Asia for wide variety of purposes including cosmetic as well as medicinal. Doctors prescribe oranges for people who suffer from diabetes.
History
There are several different types of sweet oranges. One of the most common types is called the "Valencia" orange, which comes from Spain and is also grown in Africa and Australia. It is one of the most important "commercial" oranges. (This means that it is grown for sale in shops.)
One type of sweet orange is called the "blood orange" or "sanguine orange" (sanguine means blood red). These oranges often have red marks on the skin, and some parts of the inside look as if they have blood in them. Some blood oranges make juice that is ruby red. In the 1850s, in Brazil, a tree growing in a monastery garden was making very odd fruit. Inside each orange skin there was a large orange with no seeds. At the bottom of the orange were smaller sections that looked like a smaller squashed orange inside the same skin, which was really the bigger orange's twin. The little orange made a strange bump at the bottom of the orange skin, that looked just like a human navel or belly button. These oranges were named "Navel Oranges". They tasted very sweet, they had no seeds and they peeled quite easily. This made them a very good orange to grow commercially. But they could not grow from seed. They could only grow from plant cuttings. Nowadays, thousands of these orange trees have been planted from cuttings. "Navel Oranges" are grown in California and exported to many countries of the world. Every navel orange in the world has the same genetic make up as the oranges on that tree in the monastery in Brazil.
Mandarins, small flattened oranges with skins that come off easily, are believed to have come from China. Now there are several varieties. These include tangerines, which are redder than most mandarins, and clementines, which are large, smooth and plump. Mandarins of all sorts are very useful lunchbox fruit, because they are easy to peel and eat, but do not get squashed easily.
Nowadays, many people of the world eat an orange or drink orange juice every day, because oranges are one of the best and cheapest sources of Vitamin C. Human bodies, unlike many other animals, do not manufacture Vitamin C, so a human needs vitamin C in their diet regularly. (Vitamin C helps the body to grow, to heal wounds and fight infection.) Oranges are also a very good source of dietary fibre. But they do not contain high amounts of minerals. If a person eats an orange and a banana together, then they have had a very nourishing snack that supplies both vitamins and minerals. Oranges are sweet and juicy.
Oles Buzina
Oles Buzina (Оле́сь Олексі́йович Бузина́; 13 July 1969 – 16 April 2015) was a Ukrainian journalist, writer, and politician for the pro-Russia Russian Bloc party. He was a journalist for the Russian language tabloid newspaper Segodnya.
Fillmore, Utah
Fillmore is a city in and the county seat of Millard County, Utah, United States. As of the 2020 census, 2,592 people live in Fillmore.
Lee Remmel
Leland "Lee" Remmel (June 30, 1924 – April 16, 2015) was an American football personality. He was known for working 62 years with the Green Bay Packers as a sportswriter and later a team employee (public relations, historian, spokesperson, and writer).
Oles Buzina
Buzina was born in Kyiv. In 1992, he graduated from Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. He was married and had a daughter.
Buzina was shot and killed by masked men on 16 April 2015 in Kyiv, aged 45.
Lead Hill, Arkansas
Lead Hill is a small town in the US state of Arkansas.
Lee Remmel
Remmel was born in Shawano, Wisconsin. He was married to Margaret "Noreen" Remmel from 1948 until her death on April 27, 2012.
Remmel died on April 16, 2015 in Green Bay, Wisconsin, aged 90.
Cresciano
Cresciano was a municipality of the district Riviera in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 2 April 2017, the former municipalities of Cresciano, Iragna, Lodrino and Osogna merged to form the new municipality of Riviera.
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a condition which may be diagnosed by a psychiatrist. It is a lifelong mental disorder where people may see, hear or believe things which are not real. It can be a big problem for people who have it.
Some similar mental illnesses include schizotypal personality disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizoid personality disorder.
It is a relatively common condition affecting one in 200 people. It is not infectious in any way. There is a danger that the sufferer may self-harm. Its cause is not exactly known. Very often it first appears in teenage years when the sufferer goes through puberty. There is no cure, but there is treatment which can help most of the sufferers.
Schizophrenia is a chronic condition. There is no cure, but a combination of a therapy and certain drugs can allow most people suffering from it to lead a normal life.
About schizophrenia
Schizophrenia has many different symptoms, and not everyone with schizophrenia has all of them. For this reason, some scientists think that schizophrenia is several separate illnesses that have some of the same symptoms. These scientists claim that the research done on schizophrenia is not accurate since different researchers mean different things when they use the word "schizophrenia" in scientific studies.
Many medications (licensed drugs to cure or treat an illness) may also cause the same symptoms as schizophrenia. The most common ones are antidepressants (medicines to treat depression) and ADHD medication (medication to treat ADHD, a condition affecting the brain, including memory and focusing on surroundings.) If a person has taken anti-vomiting medication (medication to stop them being sick) for some time and suddenly stops, he or she may get schizophrenia symptoms. Hundreds of medications have schizophrenia symptoms as rare side effects (unintended effects of taking them). Illegal drugs such as LSD, amphetamines, magic mushrooms and cocaine may cause schizophrenia symptoms.
Risk factors
There are many risk factors that may cause a person to develop schizophrenia. They include trauma (damage caused by stressful events) and genetics (schizophrenia running in families). Having a schizophrenic parent may be very stressful, and there may also be genes that influence the development of schizophrenia. It is very easy to show that trauma, such as sexual abuse (forced unwanted sexual behaviour towards somebody) increases the risk, but 40 years of searching for the right genes has not found anything that has been confirmed by independent research groups.
Hope
People with schizophrenia may also have other mental health disorders, like depression, anxiety and drug abuse. They often have problems functioning in society, and have difficulty keeping a job. However, there are a number of people with schizophrenia who get well and have earned college degrees and had professional careers. For example, Elyn. R. Saks successfully became a law professor at the University of Southern California and a published author.
In a family treatment called "Open dialog" in Finland, eight out of every ten people with schizophrenia "get well." In developing countries, where doctors use less drugs, 2 out of 3 patients get well from schizophrenia. In western countries, where medications are used as treatment, 1 of 3 get well, but many suffer from drug side effects such as diabetes, obesity, and brain damage.
1960 AFC Asian Cup
The 1960 AFC Asian Cup was the 2nd AFC Asian Cup, a football tournament that happens every four years. It is organised by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC). The tournament was played in South Korea from 14 October to 23 October 1960. The tournament was a round robin. The hosts South Korea won every single game.
Schizophrenia
Treatment
Treatment of schizophrenia may include medication to help treat the symptoms, different types of psychotherapy (therapy by a professional), such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and many rehabilitation therapies (therapies restoring things to how they were before), such as cognitive remediation therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy, CBT, is a talk therapy that focuses on helping the person to think about their strange ideas (delusions) in more realistic ways.
1960 AFC Asian Cup
Results
All times are (UTC+9), the time used in South Korea.
Schizophrenia
Treatment
The therapist may design a behavioral experiment for paranoia (false beliefs of danger) that will help the person to find out for example, if there really are cameras everywhere in the house. For hallucinations, cognitive therapy focuses on normalizing: many people hear voices without being stressed, and we all hear voices in the form of thoughts, it is just that people with schizophrenia hear them a bit more clearly than most people.
1960 AFC Asian Cup
Goalscorers
Cho Yoon-Ok scored the most goals. He scored 4 goals. 19 goals were scored by 13 different players. There were no own goals.
Schizophrenia
Symptoms
The symptoms of schizophrenia fall into three main categories: positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and cognitive symptoms.
1960 AFC Asian Cup
Goalscorers
4 goals 2 goals
1 goal
Schizophrenia
Symptoms
Positive symptoms are thoughts, behaviors, or anything experienced by the senses that are not shared by others - like hearing voices that are not really there. They are called 'positive' not because they are good but because they are "added on". These symptoms may include having strange thoughts that do not make sense (delusions), disorganized thoughts and speech, and feeling, hearing, seeing, smelling, or tasting things that do not exist (hallucinations). Positive symptoms often respond to drug treatment and cognitive behavioral therapy, CBT. Stopping anti-psychotic or anti-vomiting drugs too quickly may also cause these symptoms.
Negative symptoms are thoughts, behaviors or emotions normally present in a healthy person that a person with a mental disorder has less of or may not have at all; they are 'minus' these. The sign for minus is -; it is also the sign for the word "negative". Negative symptoms includes a 'flat affect'; having a blank inexpressive look on the face and/or monosyllabic speech (speech always sounding the same) spoken in a slow monotone, few gestures, lack of interest in anything including other people, and an inability to act spontaneously or feel pleasure. These problems are also side effects of anti-psychoctic drugs. They may also be symptoms of many medical problems such as a metabolism that is too low.
Cognitive symptoms are problems with attention, certain types of memory, the concept of time, and with the ability to plan and organize. Cognitive deficits caused by schizophrenia can also be difficult to recognize as part of the disorder. They are the most disabling of the symptoms because cognitive problems affect everyday functioning. These problems may also be side effects of anti-psychotic drugs, antidepressants, sleeping medication and anti-anxiety drugs.
Causes
A combination of what has happened to a person and the person’s genes may play a role in the development of schizophrenia. People who have family members with schizophrenia and who experienced a brief period of psychotic symptoms have a 20 to 40 percent chance of being diagnosed one year later. This may be both the result of stressful events because of the family member and possibly a genetic effect.
There are may environmental risk factors factors for schizophrenia such as drug use, stress before birth and in some cases exposure to infectious diseases (a disease that spreads from person to person). In addition, living in a city during childhood or as an adult has been found to double the risk of schizophrenia. This is true even after taking into account drug use, race, and the size of one’s social group. Other factors that play an important role include whether the person feels socially isolated, as well as social adversity, racial discrimination (treating a person badly because of their race), the person's family not working properly, unemployment, and poor housing conditions. There is evidence that childhood experiences of abuse or trauma are risk factors for developing schizophrenia later in life.
Wing
A wing is the part of an animal or airplane that allows it to fly.
Animal wings
A wing is the part of an animal that allows it to fly. By moving its wings, the animal can produce lift and get off the ground.
Animals that have wings are insects, birds and bats. Birds' wings are made of feathers. The wings of bats are made of skin, which is stretched between the bones of the bat's arms and fingers. Not all insects and birds can fly, even if they have wings.
Acrostic
An acrostic is a poem or other form of writing. In an acrostic, the first letter, syllable, or word of every line, paragraph, or other feature spells out a word or a message. It can be used to remember things. For example, Edgar Allan Poe wrote an acrostic poem in English:
<poem style="margin-left: 2em"> Elizabeth it is in vain you say "Love not" — thou sayest it in so sweet a way: In vain those words from thee or L.E.L. Zantippe's talents had enforced so well: Ah! if that language from thy heart arise, Breath it less gently forth — and veil thine eyes. Endymion, recollect, when Luna tried To cure his love — was cured of all beside — His follie — pride — and passion — for he died.
The first letters of each line (E, L, I, Z, A, B, E, T, H) spell out Elizabeth.
Schizophrenia
Causes
More people with schizophrenia smoke than the general population; it is estimated that at least 60% to as many as 90% of people with schizophrenia smoke. Recent research suggests that cigarette smoking may be a risk factor for developing schizophrenia. Smoking also reduces the effects and side effects of anti-psychotic drugs, and this may be one of the reasons for the high smoking rate. Patients taking anti-psychotic drugs die up to 20 years earlier than others, possibly because the medication makes them overweight, gives diabetes and leads to them smoking.
College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan
The College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan, or CPSP is a regulatory college which acts as a national, nonprofit organization established in 1962 to regulate the medical education of specialists in Pakistan. CPSP offers certification following postgraduate training in specialties of medicine, surgery and dentistry.
Schizophrenia
Causes
Factors such as lack of oxygen, infection, or stress and lack of healthy foods in the mother during pregnancy, might result in a slight increase in the risk of schizophrenia later in life. People who have schizophrenia are more likely to have been born in winter or spring (at least in the northern half of the world). This might relate to increased rates of exposures to viruses before birth. This difference is about 5 to 8 percent.
Some people who have schizophrenia have differences in their brain structure compared to those who do not have the disorder. These differences are often in the parts of the brain that manage memory, organization, emotions, the control of impulsive behavior, and language. For example, there is less brain volume in the frontal cortex and temporal lobes, and problems within the corpus callosum, the band of nerve fibers which connects the left side and the right side of the brain. People with schizophrenia also tend to have larger lateral and third ventricles. The ventricles are spaces within the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
The human brain has 100 billion neurons; each one of these neurons are connected to many other neurons. One neuron may have as many as 20,000 connections; there is between 100 trillion and 500 trillion neural connections in the adult human brain. There are many different parts or 'regions' of the brain. To complete a task - like recalling a memory - usually more than one region of the brain is involved, and they are connected by neural networks which is like the brain's wiring. It is believed that there are problems with the brain's wiring in schizophrenia.
Diagnosis
The DSM-IV-TR or the ICD-10 criteria are used to determine whether a person has schizophrenia. These criteria use the self-reported experiences of the person and reported abnormalities (unusual occurrences) in the behavior of the person, followed by a clinical assessment. A person can be determined to have the disease only if the symptoms are severe.
Differential diagnosis
There are various medical conditions, other psychiatric conditions and drug abuse related reactions that may mimic the symptoms of schizophrenia (meaning they have some or all of the same symptoms). For example, delirium can cause visual hallucinations, or an unpredictable changing levels of consciousness. Schizophrenia occurs along with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), a disorder in which a person becomes obsessed with certain ideas or actions. However, separating the obsessions of OCD from the delusions of schizophrenia can be difficult.
Prevention
There is no clear evidence that treating schizophrenia with anti-psychotic drugs early is effective. The British NICE guidelines recommend cognitive behavioural talk therapy for all people at risk. In recent research, 76 patients at risk for schizophrenia were divided into two groups. One group got omega3 for 3 months and the other got a dummy pill (food oil). After 12 months only 4.9% of the omega 3 group had got schizophrenia compared to 27.5% in the other group. There is some evidence which shows that early treatment with drugs improves short term outcomes for people who have a serious episode of mental illness. These measures show little benefit five years later. Attempting to prevent schizophrenia in the pre-onset phase with anti-psychotic drugs is of uncertain benefit and so is not recommended (as of 2009). Prevention is difficult because there is no reliable way to find out in advance who will get schizophrenia.
Management
The treatment of schizophrenia is based upon the phase of the illness the person is in. There are three treatment phases:
There are some goals during the acute phase of treatment. Some of these goals are to prevent harm. To prevent harm, the person being treated will have the severity of psychosis and it's symptoms reduced. These symptoms include agitation, aggression, negative symptoms, self-disorder, and thought disorders. Another goal is to find and treat the things that led to the episode of psychosis. Then, the person will be treated by trying to go back to how they were before psychosis. Lastly, the person will be helped by forming social connections and finding out what treatment plans work for them. Some treatment plans can be for a long time, and others can be for a short time. The stabilization phase also has goals. One is to reduce the stress the person feels. Another is to prevent the person from experiencing psychosis again. Then, the person is helped further with social connection and getting better. If the person has improved with a medication, it is recommended they keep taking it for at least 6 months.
The last phase of treatment is to make sure that the person is improving. If the treatment has bad side effects, it may be changed in this phase. Some treatments during this stage are psychotherapy and medication. Antipsychotic medications greatly reduce the risk of the person experiencing psychosis again. They are strongly recommended.
Medication
The British national guidelines for treatment (NICE) suggest checking for reactions to traumatic experiences, deciding together with a doctor about using medication, taking into account the side effect risks of getting diabetes, becoming seriously overweight, getting brain damage (tardive dyskinesia, 5% risk per year), men growing breasts, and feelings described as inner torture (akathesia). The guidelines warn against using more than one antipsychotic drug at the same time.
Psychosocial therapies
Numerous mental and social interventions can be useful in treating schizophrenia. Such interventions include various types of therapy, community-based treatments, supported employment, skills training, token economic interventions, and mental interventions for drug or alcohol use and weight management. Family therapy or education, which addresses the whole family system of an individual, might reduce a return of symptoms or the need for hospitalizations (having to go into hospital.) There is growing evidence for the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (also known as “talk therapy”).
The British national guidelines for treatment (NICE) recommend for both people are at risk of getting schizophrenia and people who have got it, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and family therapy. Getting support from people who have become well from schizophrenia is also strongly recommended. In a family oriented treatment program in Finland, Open Dialog, 8 out of 10 people with schizophrenia get well with no medication or very limited drug use, often only anxiety medication.
Outlook
Schizophrenia is a major cause of disability, with active psychosis ranked as the third-most-disabling condition. Approximately three-fourths of people with schizophrenia have an ongoing disability with symptoms that keep coming back. Some people do recover completely and others function well in society. Most people with schizophrenia live independently, with community support. In people with a first episode of serious mental symptoms, 42 percent have a good long-term outcome, 35 percent have an intermediate outcome and 27 percent have a poor outcome. Outcomes for schizophrenia appear better in the developing world than in the developed world, although that conclusion has been questioned.
The suicide rate of people who have schizophrenia is estimated to be about 4.9 percent, most often occurring in the period following the first appearance of symptoms or the first hospital admission. 20 to 40 percent try to kill themselves at least once.
Schizophrenia and smoking have shown a strong association in studies worldwide. Use of cigarettes is especially high in individuals who have schizophrenia, with estimates ranging from 80 to 90 percent of these people being regular smokers, compared to 20 percent of the general population. Those individuals who smoke tend to smoke heavily and to smoke cigarettes with a high nicotine content.
Research continues on schizophrenia. In the spring of 2013, genetics associations were shown between five major psychiatric disorders: autism, ADHD, bipolar disorder, depression, and schizophrenia per recent study. In the summer of 2013, for the first time, brain tissue development was replicated in three dimensions by scientists cloning a human "mini-brain" using stem cells. This could help with schizophrenia and autism neurological research (research related to the brain.)
Juana Maria
Juana Maria, born on San Nicolas Island, CA, better known to history as the Lone Woman of San Nicolas Island, was a Native American woman who was the last surviving member of her tribe, the Nicoleño. She lived alone on San Nicolas Island off the coast of California from 1835 until her rescue in 1853. She died after getting dysentery. A children's book, "Island of the Blue Dolphins" was based on her.
Schizophrenia
Likelihood
As of 2011, schizophrenia affects around 0.3% to 0.7% of people, or 24 million people worldwide, at some point in their lives. More men are affected than women: the number of males with the disorder is 1.4 times greater than that of females. Schizophrenia usually appears earlier in men. For males the symptoms usually start from 20 to 28 years of age, and in females it is 26 to 32 years of age. Symptoms that start in childhood, middle or old age are much rarer. Despite the received wisdom that schizophrenia occurs at similar rates worldwide, its rate of likelihood varies across the world, within countries, and at the local level. The disorder causes approximately 1% of worldwide disability adjusted life years (in other words, years spent with a disability). The rate of schizophrenia varies depending on how it is defined.
Juana Maria
Most of her tribe was killed in massacres, which took place in 1814. In 1835, most of the remaining tribe was brought to the mainland, where they died of different diseases. Since then, Juana Maria was probably the only person to live on the island. She was found and brought to the mainland, in 1853. At that time, no one could understand her language any more, and people could only communicate with her using hand signs. Today, only a few isolate words and two songs are known of the language.
Language
The Nicoleño language has been extinct since Juana Maria's death. It is only known from four words and two songs attributed to her. This evidence was recorded by non-speakers, because no one could be found who could understand Juana Maria. The four Nicoleño words that were translated were "tocah", meaning "animal hide", "nache", meaning "man", "toygwah", meaning "sky", and "puoochay", meaning "body".