cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Seacroft
Seacroft is a large council estate in Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK. The area was mainly built in the 1950s, surrounding the former Seacroft Green. The area has a population of approximately 18,000. The area suffers from deprivation and a high crime rate. In the 1960s, the Seacroft Civic Centre was built, but it was demolished in 1999 and replaced with the Seacroft Green Shopping Centre which contains a large Tesco. The Shopping Centre has a bus station with routes to Leeds, Wetherby, Harrogate and other Leeds suburbs.
Conversation Peace
Personnel
Personnel involved in the album include:
Reagan Gomez-Preston
Reagan Gomez-Preston (born April 24, 1980 in Detroit, Michigan) is an American television, voice, and movie actress.
She is best known for playing Zaria Peterson, Robert and Jerri Peterson's oldest daughter on The WB sitcom The Parent 'Hood, which was her first acting role. She also makes the voice of Roberta Tubbs on The Cleveland Show.
Seebensee
The Seebensee is a lake in Austria. It is at 1657 m above the Ehrwalder Alm in Mieminger. It is in the east of Middle Tajakopf. The Seebensee has a drain on the Seebenbachfall and Geißbach in the Loisach. From Seebensee, people can climb up to Coburger Hütte. There is also a place for cows there.
Aix-en-Ergny
Aix-en-Ergny is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Radlin
Radlin is a town in Wodzisław County, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland, with about 17,673 people (2004).
British Film Institute
The British Film Institute is a charity which helps to promote movies. They call them films rather than movies. It runs several cinemas including the IMAX, in London. It also runs the annual London Film Festival, which has movies, and the Lesbian and Gay Film Festival, which also has movies. The BFI has a large archive with more than 50,000 fiction movies (though they call them films), over 100,000 non-fiction titles and around 625,000 television programmes.
Chembarambakkam Lake
Chembarambakkam Lake is a lake located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. It is about 40km from Chennai. It is one of the two reservoirs from where water is taken to Chennai City for supply. The Adyar River starts at Chembarambakkam Lake. The lake can hold 3645 million cubic feet of water.
Alembon
Alembon is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Trego County, Kansas
Trego County (standard abbreviation: TR) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, 3,001 people lived there. Its county seat is WaKeeney. WaKeeney is also the biggest city in Trego County.
19th century
In 1879, Trego County was created.
Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of 900 sqmi. Of that, 889 sqmi is land and 10 sqmi (1.1%) is water.
Presidential elections
Republican candidates often win Trego County. The last time a democratic candidate has won this county was in 1964.
Landau's problems
Landau's problems are four basic problems about prime numbers. They were listed at the 1912 International Congress of Mathematicians and presented by Edmund Landau.
Problems
These problems were presented in his speech as "unattackable at the present state of mathematics". They are as follows:
As of August 2022, all four problems are unresolved.
Eleanor Roosevelt
Anna Eleanor Roosevelt (October 11, 1884 − November 7, 1962) was the longest-serving First Lady of the United States, holding the post from 1933 to 1945 during her husband President Franklin D. Roosevelt's four terms in office.
Division of Melbourne Ports
The Division of Melbourne Ports was an Australian federal electoral division in the inner south-eastern suburbs of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It was set up for the first election in 1901. At the time it was named Melbourne Ports as it covered both Port Melbourne and Williamstown. Later it included the suburbs of Albert Park, Balaclava, Caulfield, Caulfield East, Caulfield North, part of Elsternwick, Elwood, Middle Park, Port Melbourne, Ripponlea, St Kilda, St Kilda East, St Kilda West, Southbank, South Melbourne and parts of South Yarra and Docklands. It was abolished in 2019, and renamed as Macnamara.
Eleanor Roosevelt
She was also a political leader in her own right. She supported the civil rights movement. After the death of her husband in 1945, she started her career, as an author, speaker and spokesperson for human rights. She became a new role model for First Lady. President Harry S. Truman called her the First Lady of the World, in honor of her many travels to help promote human rights.
Division of Melbourne Ports
Members
Samuel Mauger was later elected to the Division of Maribyrnong. Jack Holloway became Minister for Social Services  and Minister for Health in 1941. From 1943–1949 he was Minister for Labour and National Service. Frank Crean was Treasurer and Minister for Trade in the Whitlam Government. In 1975 he was Deputy Prime Minister of Australia. Clyde Holding had been the Leader of the Opposition in the Victorian Parliament. He held several positions in the Hawke Governmen t including Aboriginal Affairs, Employment Services and Youth Affairs, Transport and Communications Support, Immigration, Local Government and Ethnic Affairs.
Eleanor Roosevelt
Roosevelt received 35 honorary degrees during her life.
Background
Her birthplace is 56 West 37th Street, New York City, New York. Her parents were Elliott Roosevelt I and Anna Hall Roosevelt. Two brothers followed young Anna Roosevelt. The Roosevelt family was completed with the addition of Elliott Jr. (1889-1893) and Hall Roosevelt (1891-1941). She is a fifth-cousin, once removed of Franklin Roosevelt, who later became her husband.
She was a favorite niece of Theodore Roosevelt, one of the Presidents of the United States.
Her family was a descendant of Claes Martenszen van Rosenvelt. He had come to New Amsterdam, Manhattan from the Netherlands in the 1640s. His grandsons, Johannes and Jacobus, began two branches of the Roosevelt family. Descendants of Johannes were Roosevelt family of the Oyster Bay, New York. Descendants of Jacobus were Roosevelt family of Hyde Park, New York. Eleanor was a descendant of the Johannes branch. Her future husband, Franklin was descended from the Jacobus branch.
Theodore Roosevelt, one of the Presidents of the United States, was her uncle. He was like a father to Eleanor, the future First Lady. Anna Eleanor liked to use the name Eleanor, using her name as Anna Eleanor only in official papers and for signing bank checks. From her mother side, she was a descendent of William Livingston, a signer of the U.S. Constitution.
Childhood
Her parents died early. After this, her maternal grandmother, Marry Ludlow Hall (1843-1919) raised her. She spent her childhood in Tivoli, New York. Most of her mother’s family members tended to look down at her, perhaps because of her plain looks and six-foot tall frame. Even her Hyde Park Roosevelts, including her future mother-in-law, Sara Delano Roosevelt, would remark to her about the Manhattan Roosevelts: "we got all the looks and the money."
In recent times, allegations have surfaced that in her maternal grandmother’s home, she felt insecure. Many male members used to consume a lot of drinks. Once when she was visiting her aunt Bamie Roosevelt (sister of Theodore Roosevelt), she broke down and in tears exclaimed, "I have no real home."
Aunt Bamie was very helpful. She tried to find better educational opportunities for her. She arranged that Eleanor go to England for education, and Eleanor readily went.
Education
Eleanor received encouragement from Bamie Roosevelt, sister of Theodore Roosevelt, to get a good education. She went to London, and started her studies in a girls’ boarding school at Allenswood, outside London. She studied there from 1899 to 1902. Mademoiselle Marie Souvestre was her headmistress. Later Eleanor would recall that Souvestre was one of the three main persons to influence her life.
During summers, Eleanor visited Europe along with her headmistress, Souvestre. She also studied history, language and literature. She became interested in social justice, and her studies gave her knowledge and confidence to present her views on many issues. One of her great moments at her school at Allenswood was when she made the field hockey team. She was one of the favorite students of the school, and when she returned to the US, the school missed her.
Eleanor and FDR
In 1902 Eleanor and Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) met when he was a student at Harvard. They dated and got engaged in November 1903. However, FDR’s mother was against their marriage. She even sent FDR on a long tour to delay the marriage, and change FDR’s mind. However, on St. Patrick’s Day (March 17, 1905) FDR and Eleanor married. President Theodore Roosevelt took the ceremonial role of giving the bride away. After the marriage, Eleanor’s mother-in-law, continued to advise (and perhaps interfere) in the young couple’s life.
After her husband’s death in 1945, Eleanor Roosevelt continued to live on the Hyde Park Estate in a stone cottage near the main house. The structure originated as a small furniture factory Val-Kill Industries, and was converted to a cottage used by Eleanor and her close friends. The cottage afforded Eleanor a level of privacy that she had wanted for many years, and she considered it her first true home. The cottage is now called the Eleanor Roosevelt Center and hosts many programs that continue her legacy.
First Lady
She started her role as the First Lady from 1933 with the beginning of her husband’s first term as the President of the United States. Eleanor was an active First Lady with her own ideology on many issues.
In 1939, the African-American opera singer Marian Anderson was denied permission by the Daughters of the American Revolution to perform at Constitution Hall in Washington because of her race. Eleanor arranged for Anderson to perform on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial, on Easter Sunday, to a live audience of 70,000. Millions of people also listened to the performance on the radio.
World War II
During the Second World War, Eleanor Roosevelt remained very active. Once she also co-chaired a committee on civil defense. She visited many places, both civilian and military, to boost war morale. She especially supported African Americans and women.
Carl Gunnarsson
Carl Gunnarsson (born 9 November 1986) is a Swedish ice hockey defenceman currently playing for the St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League (NHL). Gunnarsson was drafted by the Toronto Maple Leafs in the 2007 NHL Entry Draft. Gunnarsson won the Stanley Cup as a member of the Blues in 2019.
Eleanor Roosevelt
World War II
During the Second War, her husband, as the President of the United States, signed an order named Executive Order 9066. This order confined in special camps about 110,000 American citizens of Japanese descent. Eleanor opposed her husband's decision to sign this order.
For some period, she was earning $1,000 a week for advertising for the Pan-American Coffee Bureau. Eight foreign governments used to support and fund the Bureau. The US State Department tried to cancel the deal, but could not do so.
Postwar Politics
After the Second World War, she along with René Cassin, John Peters Humphrey and others, drafted a declaration for the United Nations: UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights. She also served as the first chairman of the U.N. Human Rights Commission. On 10th December 1948, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the declaration. This made her very famous, and was a great achievement for her.
For about four decades, beginning from 1920s until her death in 1962, Eleanor continued her association with political matters. She opposed the Equal Rights Amendment. She thought that this amendment would prevent the US Congress from passing other rules for protection of women workers.
Roosevelt was an accomplished archer, and one of the first modern women to participate in the sport of bow hunting. She even wrote using a male name “Chuck Painton” about her hunting experiences in a popular hunting magazine of that time, Ye Sylvan Archer. One of Roosevelt's prized hunting trophies had adorned her husband library. It is now a part of the Community Forum Collection of the Smithsonian Institution.
Karl Marx
Karl Heinrich Marx (5 May 1818 in Trier, Prussia – 14 March 1883 in London, England) was a German political thinker who wrote about economics and politics. Marx thought that if a place that works together runs on wage-labor, then there would always be class struggle. Marx thought that this class struggle would result in workers taking power. He believed that no economic class—wage workers, land owners, etc. should have power over another. Marx believed that everyone should contribute what they can, and everyone should get what they need. His most famous book was the Communist Manifesto. He wrote it with Friedrich Engels in 1848. The book is about the ideas and aims of communism. His ideas are called Marxism.
Eleanor Roosevelt
The Catholic issue
In July 1949, her unsure attitude toward American Catholics caused a public debate with Francis Cardinal Spellman, the Catholic Archbishop of New York. Eleanor had written against certain proposals like funding of certain (nonreligious) activities, such as bus transportation for students, of Catholic schools. Spellman pointed out that the Supreme Court had recently upheld such provisions. He also accused her of anti-Catholicism. Most Democrats rallied behind Eleanor Roosevelt and supported her. Spellman came to Eleanor's Hyde Park home to bridge their differences.
Karl Marx
Das Kapital
His most important work is Das Kapital, or The Capital. It is commonly known in English as simply 'Capital.' He spent many years working on the three parts of the book. Das Kapital describes how "capitalism" works and the problems this creates, such as division of labour, alienation and exploitation. The book has led to many arguments between those who agree with the book and those who do not. Marx's ideas have been thought of as responsible for socialist revolutions (like the Russian Revolution).
Eleanor Roosevelt
The Catholic issue
In any case, Eleanor was never as popular among Catholics as her husband. They were also not happy at Eleanor’s support birth control movement. They had also resented her prewar (before the Second World War) sponsorship of the American Youth Congress, in which the Communists had been heavily represented, but Catholic youth groups were not represented.
New York and National politics
In 1954, Carmine DeSapio campaigned against Eleanor's son, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Jr., during the New York Attorney General elections. Franklin (Jr.) lost. Eleanor held DeSapio responsible for her son's defeat. She became disgusted with the political conduct of DeSapio through the rest of 1950s. She, joined with her old friends like Herbert Lehman and Thomas Finletter, succeeded in removing DeSapio from power in 1961.
Eleanor Roosevelt was a close friend of Adlai Stevenson. She supported his candidacies in the 1952 and 1956 presidential elections. She backed Stevenson once again in 1960 but John F. Kennedy received the presidential nomination.
In 1964, Eleanor Roosevelt helped in founding of the 2,800 acre Roosevelt Campobello International Park on Campobello Island, New Brunswick. This followed a gift of the Roosevelt summer estate to the Canadian and American governments.
Mother-in-law
Sara Delano Roosevelt was her mother-in-law. Even before Eleanor married FDR, she did not have a good relationship with Sara Delano. Biographers and historians still continue to discuss the issue and the reasons for their difficult relationship. However, in early years of her marriage, Eleanor valued suggestions from her mother-in-law until she herself could develop confidence in domestic matters.
Perhaps Sara wanted great success for her son, FDR, in all matters of life, including marriage. She had always given her affection to FDR to the extent of spoiling him. She even gave costly gifts to FDR and Eleanor’s children. Sometimes, Eleanor had problems, which came with such costly gifts of her mother-in-law.
Oyster Bay Roosevelts
Eleanor always enjoyed the good graces of her uncle Theodore Roosevelt, the main figure of the Oyster Bay Roosevelts. However, she found herself at odds with her cousin Alice Roosevelt. Alice was a daughter of Theodore Roosevelt. Uncle Theodore felt Eleanor's conduct more responsible, socially acceptable and cooperative than his own daughter Alice. Alice was beautiful and highly photogenic, but a rebellious person. Sometimes Theodore Roosevelt would tell her, "Why cannot you be more like 'cousin Eleanor'?" These experiences laid a lifelong unhappy relationship between two high-profile cousins.
With the rise in the political career of FDR, relationships between Eleanor and Oyster Bay Roosevelts became worse. There were comments by "cousin Alice," such as her description of FDR as "two-thirds mush and one-third Eleanor". However, at FDR’s presidential inauguration in 1933, invitations went to Alice to attend along with her brothers Kermit Roosevelt and Archibald Roosevelt, with whom Eleanor was close.
Death
In 1961, all volumes of her autobiography were compiled into The Autobiography of Eleanor Roosevelt. However, it will be printed some 45 years later.
Eleanor Roosevelt survived her husband by nearly 20 years. From 1919, she had suffered from bone marrow tuberculosis. It had recurred from time to time.
She died on the evening of November 7, 1962 at her apartment in Manhattan, New York City from tuberculosis. At the time of her death, she was 78 years old. She lies buried next to her husband, Franklin D. Roosevelt in Hyde Park, New York. People liked her so much that a commemorative cartoon published at the time simply showed two angels looking down towards an opening in the clouds with the caption "She's here", since no introduction was needed and people could understand that “she” meant Eleanor Roosevelt.
Eleanor Roosevelt kept a lifelong strong loyalty with Theodore Roosevelt ("Uncle Ted"). Her belongings included her membership card for the Theodore Roosevelt Association.
In 1968 she received the United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights. After her death, there was an unsuccessful move to award her Nobel Peace Prize.
La Celle, Var
La Celle is a commune of 1,476 people (2018). It is in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Var department in southeast France.
Karl Marx
Historical materialism
Marx's most popular theory was 'historical materialism', arguing that history is the result of material conditions, rather than ideas. He believed that religion, morality, social structures and other things are all rooted in economics.
Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844
Marx also wrote the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, a critique of political economy in which he discusses topics such as labor wages, labor rent, and capital profit, and his ideas of how to change the economy, including proletarian socialist revolution and an eventual communist society.
Biography
Karl Marx was born in Trier in 1818, but he had to move many times because the government did not like his ideas. Marx lived for a long time in London. He died there in 1883. After he died, his friend Engels finished many of his works.
Many people continue to follow and develop Marx's ideas.
Alfonso Portugal
Alfonso Portugal Díaz (21 January 1934 – 12 June 2016) was a Mexican footballer. He played as defender for Mexico in the 1958 FIFA World Cup. He was born in Mexico City. Portugal captained Club América to the 1965–66 Mexican Primera División title. He also played for Club Necaxa. In 1967 he appeared in one match for the Chicago Spurs of the NPSL.
Hinterrhein, Switzerland
Hinterrhein (Valragn) was a municipality in Hinterrhein in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2019, the municipalities Hinterrhein, Nufenen and Splügen joined together to become the new municipality called Rheinwald.
Alfonso Portugal
Portugal died on 12 June 2016 in Atlixco, Puebla, aged 82.
Jon Bon Jovi
John Francis Bongiovi (born March 2, 1962 in Perth Amboy, New Jersey) better known as Jon Bon Jovi, is an American musician and actor. He is best known as the lead singer of the hard-rock band, Bon Jovi.
Biography
In 1983, Jon was one of the founding members of Bon Jovi. Earlier he sang in bands Starz and Atlantic City Expressway.
In 2006, Jon was ranked in 31st place out of 100 the best vocalist in history.
He starred in 18 films, last time in 2011.
Plane Stupid
Plane Stupid is a non-violent environmentalist group in the United Kingdom. It is against making airports bigger.
Plane Stupid was started in 2005 by Joss Garman, Richard George and Graham Thompson.
Puzhal Lake
Puzhal Lake also known as Red Hills lake is located in Red Hills, Thiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu. It is one of the two reservoirs from where the drinking water is drawn for Chennai city. The other reservoir is Chembarambakkam Lake. The full capacity of the lake is 3300 million cubic feet.
Young Money Entertainment
Young Money Entertainment is an American record label. It was founded by New Orleans rapper Lil Wayne. The label is an imprint of Cash Money Records, of which Lil Wayne is president. It is distributed by Universal Records.
Other websites
Official website
Bread
Bread is a type of baked food. It is mainly made from dough, which is made mainly from flour and water. Usually, salt and yeast are added. Bread is often baked in an oven. It can be bought all over the world.
Bread can be toasted or used to make sandwiches. Pizza is a food-based on bread. There are many different kinds of bread.
The two main types of bread are: The color and taste of the bread depending on the kind of flour used and the style of baking. Flour made from the whole grain gives darker bread. Flour made just from the polished wheat grain gives a very white bread. Rye and barley flour give darker types of bread. The type of flour also changes how long the bread can be kept before going bad. Some strains of wheat are resistant to fungus, but may not produce bread as tasty as a weaker strain.
Religious breads
Christianity and Judaism have rules about the use of bread in their religions. Unleavened bread (matzo) is eaten by Jews during the Passover. The Catholic celebration of the Eucharist uses unleavened wafers.
Orthodox churches forbid the use of unleavened bread for the Eucharist (Old Testament) and permit leavened bread only as a symbol of the New. This was one of the three points of contention that brought about the schism between Eastern and Western churches in 1054.
Types of bread
Bread is an important part of life in many countries because so many people eat it. In many cultures, bread is so important that it is part of religious rituals.
Cake is made in a similar way to bread but sugar, fat, and milk are added to the dough and often more ingredients.
Cycloneuralia
Cycloneuralia is a group of ecdysozoan animals. "Cycloneuralia" means "brain around pharynx".
John Charles Fields
John Charles Fields, FRS (May 14, 1863 – August 9, 1932) was a Canadian mathematician. He is the founder of the Fields Medal for outstanding works in mathematics.
Youthanasia
Youthanasia is an album released by American thrash metal band, Megadeth. The album was successful in Canada. The album was certified platinum in 1995 for selling over one million copies.
Alincthun
Alincthun is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Alette
Alette is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Dr. Phil
Dr. Phil could mean:
Manú National Park
Manú National Park is a biosphere reserve in Peru.
Shinto
Shinto (神道) is a form of Japanese animism. It has many kami, translated as gods or nature spirits. Some "kami" are just spirits of certain places, and some are the overall "kami" (like "Amaterasu", the Sun goddess). The word "Shinto" comes from the Japanese words "神", shin—the word for spirit or god, and "道", tō—the word for "the way" or "path". So, Shinto means "the way of the gods."
Manú National Park
It is the largest National Park in Peru, covering an area of 15,328 km². The Biosphere Reserve includes an additional 2,570 km², and a further 914 km² are included in a "Cultural Zone" (which also given protection), bringing the total area up to 18,811 km².
Shinto
State Shinto was the main religion of Japan before World War II. During the period 1868 to 1945 the Japanese government used Shinto for propaganda. All Japanese were forced to register with their local shrine. All Shinto priests worked for the government. War was seen as a sacred duty. The Emperor of Japan was seen as a god. Japanese Buddhism was also involved with the war effort (See Zen at War).
Manú National Park
The park protects several ecological zones ranging from as low as 150 metres above sea level in parts of the Amazon Basin, to Puna grassland at altitudes of 4200 metres. Because of this topographical range, it has one of highest levels of biodiversity of any park in the world.
Overall, more than 15,000 species of plants are found in Manú, and up to 250 varieties of trees have been found in a single hectare.
Shinto
Shinto has many rituals and customs, and some are done every day. Festivals are frequent. Some people mix Shinto and Buddhist rituals and beliefs.
Manú National Park
The reserve is visited by birdwatchers from all over the world, as it is home to over 1000 species of birds. This is over 10% of all living bird species, and more than the number of bird species found in the entirety of North America.
The Park has one of the most varied collections of land vertebrates ever found in Latin American tropical forests.
Butanone
Butanone, also called methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH3C(O)CH2CH3. It is a simple ketone with four carbon atoms. It smells sharp and sweet, like butterscotch and acetone mixed. It is soluble in water and is used as a solvent.
Kodaikanal Lake
Kodaikanal Lake is a man-made lake in the city of Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu. In 1863, Sir Vere Henry Levinge wanted to build the lake. This lake is a famous tourist spot in Kodaikanal.
Châteaudouble, Var
Châteaudouble is a commune of 474 people (2018). It is in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Var department in southeast France.
Vasily Bochkaryov
Vasily Kuzmich Bochkaryov (Васи́лий Кузьми́ч Бочкарёв; 29 April 1949 – 22 June 2016) was a Russian politician. He served as Head of Zheleznodorozhny District of Penza from 1987 to 1998. He was elected Head of the Administration of Penza Oblast in April 1998. He became Governor of Penza Oblast in June 1998.
Pentanone
Pentanone can mean any of these ketones that have five carbon atoms:
Tondabayashi
Tondabayashi (富田林市) is a city in Osaka Prefecture, Japan.
Population
From Japanese census data,
Lady with an Ermine
Lady with an Ermine (Portrait of Cecilia Gallerani) (Dama con l'ermellino ; Dama z gronostajem) is a painting by Leonardo da Vinci. It was painted between 1489 and 1490. The subject of the portrait is Cecilia Gallerani, the mistress of Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan. Cecilia was pregnant at the time of the portrait. Leonardo was in the service of the Duke, who's nickname was 'white ermine'. The ermine was a symbol of purity for Leonardo. The painting was done in three stages and we know this because it went under reflective light technology and a multi lens camera was used. The first was a portrait just of Cecillia, the second he added a thin, small ermine and in the final stage, Leonardo made the ermine look more powerful and muscular. Lady with an Ermine is displayed in the Czartoryski Museum, Kraków, Poland.
Fiat Tipo
The Fiat Tipo is a car produced by Fiat. It replaced the Fiat Ritmo in 1988, and was replaced by the Fiat Bravo and Brava in 1995. The Tipo name returned in 2016 on an entirely new generation of small family cars.
Necessary
Something that is necessary is a necessity. The "bare necessities of life" are things like food, clothes and shelter (things you need to keep alive).
Elephant gun
Early use
As people from Europe began exploring Africa in the early 1800s, guns were made to handle the very large animals that people saw. This was for people to protect themselves, to shoot animals for food, and later, and most commonly, sport. The first guns were the simple shotgun designs already used for birds. They were loaded with solid balls of lead that could shoot large animals. Because they did not kill large animals very easily (some writers said that it could take up to 35 shots to kill one elephant), elephant guns were soon made into larger caliber black powder smoothbores. The caliber was still measured in bore or gauge - or the guns were named by how much the projectiles (what was shot out of the guns) weighed in ounces. The projectiles were lead round balls or short slugs shaped like cones. Sometimes, antimony was put in them to make them harder.
These very large and heavy firearms were the first to be known as the elephant guns of the black powder era (1850–1890). They were not only used to kill elephants. They were also used to kill dangerous animals such as the rhinoceros, the hippopotamus and the cape buffalo. Because black powder and lead cannot go faster than about 1500 ft/s - the only way to make the projectiles go deeper into the animals' skins was to make a larger gun. Although they were very powerful, the short slugs (a type of projectile), which did not go very fast, still had problems going fully into their targets. This was especially hard for the toughest shot of all - going through the bone when an elephant's head was shot around the brain area.
Nitro Express rifles
Nitro Express elephant guns were first made around 1895. They used smokeless powder, which was new at the time. With smaller metal-cased bullets with sizes from .400 to .620 and speeds around 2000 ft/s, they had a much better trajectory and penetration over the black powder guns. In a few years the big bore guns disappeared from the gamefields. Early 20th century rifles came out in single shot, bolt action, and double rifle ways and were used until ivory hunting died off in the mid 20th century. Then the guns switched roles to tools for game wardens and as backup firearms for professional hunters guiding international hunters.
Features
All elephant guns have one idea in common: to have enough stopping power to prevent harm to the hunter in the case of charging game. The necessities for the gun are not only very high power (any big gun could do that), but that it can be carried for long periods, shot from any position, and be well balanced enough to track on rapidly moving animals. It is really no more than a very big hunting rifle with the same use as any hunting rifle.
Use in war
During World War I, both the British and Germans used elephant guns taken from their African colonies when they tried to break the stalemate in the trenches. The British used elephant guns against the German tactic of having their snipers advance towards Allied lines under the cover of a large, 6-10 millimeter (0.24-0.4 inch) thick steel plate. Ordinary infantry rifles didn't do anything to the plate, but elephant guns were able to punch through it. Likewise, the Germans used a mass-produced anti-tank rifle, the Mauser 1918 TuF Gewehr, to knock out lightly armored British tanks.
The Finnish 20 mm antitank gun Lahti L-39 had the nickname Norsupyssy (Elephant Gun) during the Winter War because of its stopping power. It is not a true elephant gun, though, since it was not made for elephant hunting but as a military weapon.
Pat Nixon
Patricia Ryan Nixon (March 16, 1912 – June 22, 1993) was an American educator who had served as the First Lady of the United States from 1969 to 1974 as the wife of President Richard Nixon. She also served as the Second Lady of the United States 1953 to 1961 when her husband was vice president.
Early life
Their family was not Catholic. But her father had got baptized as a Catholic, and perhaps returned to it shortly before her death. After her birth, her family moved near Los Angeles, California. They settled on a small truck farm in the city of Dairy Valley. Presently, the name of this place is Cerritos, California.
When Thelma grew and entered college, she legally changed her name to Patricia.
Pat's mother died in 1925. At that time, Pat was only 13 years old. She took over all the household duties for her father and two older brothers. In 1930, after months of illness, her father also died. At that time, Pat was only 18 years old.
During all these years, she worked on the family farm. She also worked in a local bank as a cleaner and bookkeeper.
Early career
She had a will to continue her education. She studied at the University of Southern California. During her studies in the university, she did part-time jobs on campus. She also worked as a sales clerk in a fashionable department store and as an extra in the film industry. She can be seen in a brief walk-on in the 1935 movie Becky Sharp. Pat's efforts became successful. She graduated from the University of Southern California cum laude in 1937.
Patricia worked as a high school teacher in Whittier, California. Later, during World War II, she worked as a government economist.
Many persons have said about her: "Few, if any First Ladies worked as consistently before their marriage as did Pat Nixon." Once she had herself said: "I do or I die, but I never cancel out".
Marriage and family
In Whittier, Pat Ryan met a young lawyer named Richard Nixon. He had just graduated from Duke University. The two became known to each other at an acting group. They also acted together in a play. They became closer and married on 21st June 1940 at in Riverside, California.
Richard Nixon served in the U.S. Navy during World War II. After the war, in 1946 Richard Nixon entered politics. He successfully ran for the Congress of the United States.
Pat went abroad along with her husband when he was the Vice President. On a trip to Venezuela, some people threw stones at their car and spat on the car.
First Lady
The Nixon couple came to the White House in 1969. They started a tradition of inviting families to Sunday church services in the East Room of the White House. The President later discontinued these services due to concerns over the separation of Church and State. In short, separation of Church and the State says that religion and the government should remain separate from each other.
As the First Lady, she herself answered all her letters. Like Jacqueline Kennedy, she had an interest in adding artifacts to the White House. Her efforts brought about 600 paintings and furnishings into the White House Collection. Mrs. Nixon also arranged for a series of performances by artists at the White House. Among the guests were The Carpenters in 1972.
Pat Nixon went along with her husband to several other countries. Most important of such visits were to the People's Republic of China in 1972 and the summit meetings in the Soviet Union.
Pat Nixon had several other personal interests. She was an avid fan of soap operas, and 'Search for Tomorrow' was her favorite.
In August 1974, her husband resigned as the President of the United States. People say that while her husband was making his resignation speech, Mrs. Nixon was packing their things for moving out of the White House. They left the White House on 9th August 1974. They shifted to San Clemente, California to live.
Later life
Her husband resigned as the President of the United States. With this, her public and social life ended. She did not appear in public often. She was a lifelong heavy smoker in private. Her heath became very weak. In 1976, and again in 1982, she suffered a stroke. Richard Nixon said that she read a book about Watergate and became so upset that she had a stroke the next day. She also got mouth cancer and problems in her spinal cord. In December 1992, when she was in a hospital with emphysema, physicians found that she also had lung cancer.
She died of lung cancer at 5:45 am on June 22, 1993 at age 81. Her husband and daughters were by her side. Her husband died about ten months later. She and President Nixon lie buried at the Richard Nixon Library and Birthplace in Yorba Linda, California. Her epitaph reads: "Even when people cannot speak your language, they can tell if you have love in your heart".
Nissan Pathfinder
The Nissan Pathfinder is a midsize crossover SUV made by Nissan Motor Company. Its competitor was originally the Toyota 4Runner. It has been around since 1985 and has had five generations since then. It featured hidden rear door handles, a design feature that was later used by Alfa Romeo. The first generation was made from 1985 to 1995. The second generation was made from 1995 to 2004 and spawned an upscale version with the Infiniti QX4. The third generation was made from 2004 to 2012. The fourth generation is a midsize crossover SUV that allows seating for seven and was made from 2012 to 2020. The fifth generation launched in 2021 for the 2022 Model Year.
Ronnie Hellström
Folke Ronnie Wallentin Hellström (21 February 1949 – 6 February 2022) was a Swedish professional footballer. He played as a goalkeeper. He played for Hammarby IF and 1. FC Kaiserslautern during a career that lasted between 1966 and 1984.
Erik Gustaf Boström
Erik Gustaf Bernhard Boström, born 11 February 1842, dead 21 February 1907, was a Swedish landowner and politician. He was a member of the Swedish Parliament between 1876 and 1907. He was the longest-serving Prime Minister of Sweden of the 19th century. He served in that office twice, first from 1891 to 1900. Then he served again from 1902 to 1905. He was also known as E.G. Boström or E. Gust. Boström.
Alquines
Alquines is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Anaconda (song)
"Anaconda" is a song by Trinidadian-American rapper Nicki Minaj. It is from her third studio album, The Pinkprint (2014). It was released on August 4, 2014 by Young Money Entertainment, Cash Money Records, and Republic Records. It was the second single from the album. The song was produced by Polow da Don, Anonymous, and Da Internz. "Anaconda" heavily samples "Baby Got Back" by Sir Mix-A-Lot and "Cocaine (America Has a Problem)" by Kilo Ali.
Upon release "Anaconda" was met with generally good reviews from music critics, who praised the song's production and Minaj's return to her hip hop roots. Commercially, the song was an international success. It peaked at number two on the US Billboard Hot 100. It became Minaj's highest charting single in the United States to date. It went on to spend eight weeks in the top ten of the Hot 100 chart. The song also fared good in other countries, peaking within the top ten in Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand and the United Kingdom.
Video
A video for the song was directed by Colin Tilley. It was released on August 19, 2014. Following the video release, it broke the 24-hour streaming record on Vevo with 19.6 million views in its first day of release. To further promote the song, Minaj performed it live at the 2014 MTV Video Music Awards. She also performed it at Fashion Rocks and the iHeartRadio Music Festival. "Anaconda" was nominated for Best Rap Song at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards in 2015.
Liberal arts
Liberal arts became formalised in the middle ages drawing on its origins in Ancient Greek and Roman culture. Perhaps the most famous image of the Liberal Arts is plate 11, Philosophy and the Liberal Arts from the Garden of Delights (The Hortus deliciarum) which was created by a group of women in the 12th century. In the image [right] you can see the seven liberal arts arranged around the Queen Philosophy who sits above Socrates and Plato. "Their encyclopedia compiled ideas drawn from philosophy, theology, literature, music, arts, and sciences and was intended as a teaching tool for women of the abbey who focused on Liberal Arts Education."
Being holistic, liberal arts education aimed at bringing the theoretical and practical together. As Dante put it, so "that the theoretical intellect by extension becomes practical, its goal then being doing and making". It was intended to be a mental and practical education which by the time of the Renaissance realised a many sided individual.
Historically it was an education reserved only for the elite, and students were predominantly young gentlemen from wealthy families deemed respectable and important. Today, in the USA liberal arts education is still restricted to "elites" who can afford to pay significant fees to attend exclusive liberal arts colleges. Across Europe liberal arts education is now far more affordable with some Universities explicitly stating that it can now "be enjoyed by everyone."
The four liberal arts
The four liberal arts were taught in two groups: the trivium and the quadrivium :
During the Middle Ages, the liberal arts were central to university education. The quadrivium followed the preparatory work of the trivium.
The area and range of the liberal arts evolved in time. Originally, most of the teaching, and all of the text-books, would have been in Latin, the language the students would have learnt at school before they came to college. In the beginning the courses were aimed at educating the elite in the classical works. Eventually, the meaning of "liberal arts" got extended to include both humanities and science. But even today, practical activities as agriculture, business, engineering, pedagogy or pharmacy are excluded from the liberal arts. The liberal professions include only professions which require education at university, mainly law and medicine.
The trivium
The trivium (Latin for three ways), included the literary disciplines:
The quadrivium
The quadrivium (Latin for four ways), included the disciplines connected with mathematics. They were:
Liberal arts colleges, USA
Liberal arts colleges are a modern re-interpretation of the old idea. Mostly in the United States, these colleges concentrate on good teaching, and are closer to the Oxford & Cambridge type of tuition than most universities. They are mostly or entirely fee-paying institutions, and so continue to offer an elite education to students from prosperous families or gifted students through significant financial aid. The courses are mostly or entirely undergraduate courses.
Lancia
Lancia is an Italian automobile manufacturer. It was established in 1906. It has been owned by Fiat since 1969.
Hagenthal-le-Haut
Hagenthal-le-Haut is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.
Saint-Aubin-des-Landes
Saint-Aubin-des-Landes (Sant-Albin-al-Lann) is a commune. It is in Brittany in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in northwest France.
Igis
Igis (Eigias) was a municipality in the district of Landquart in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2012, the former municipalities of Igis and Mastrils merged into the new municipality of Landquart.
Jazmine Sullivan
Jazmine Sullivan (born April 9, 1987 in Philadelphia) is an American singer.
Ambrines
Ambrines is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Jazmine Sullivan
Career
Her first album, Fearless (2008), included the hits "Need U Bad", "Bust Your Windows", "Lions, Tigers & Bears" and "Dream Big". Sullivan's next hit single was "Holding You Down (Goin' In Circles)" (2010). Her other albums include Love Me Back (2010), Reality Showk (2015), and the EP Heaux Tales (2021). Heaux Tales won Best R&B Album at the 2022 Grammy Awards.
Sullivan appeared as "Love Bunny" in the action drama Red Tails (2012).
Ambricourt
Ambricourt is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Seal of Alabama
The Great Seal of the State of Alabama is the state seal of the U.S. state of Alabama. It was designed in 1817 by William Wyatt Bibb, the governor of the "Alabama Territory" and the subsequent first governor of the state. When Alabama became a state in 1819, the state legislature got the design as the official state seal. The seal prominently has a map showing one of the state's most valuable resources—its major rivers. Bibb's design served as the official seal until 1868, when it was replaced by a controversial design having on it an eagle holding in its beak a banner that read "Here We Rest." The legislature and Governor Frank M. Dixon restored Bibb's original design in 1939, and it has remained unchanged since.
Ridley (Metroid)
Ridley (リドリー) is a fictional character in the Metroid video game series. Ridley is a draconic extraterrestrial and an archenemy of Samus Aran. Ridley led an attack on Samus's home planet of K-2L which destroyed the world and killed her parents. Ridley appears in his metal form in Metroid Prime and Prime 3: Corruption.
Reception
Ridley has received a positive critical response from fans and video game publications. Nintendo Power ranked Ridley at #6 on their list of favorite Nintendo villains. Jesse Schedeen of IGN called Ridley the real villain of the Metroid series, saying that they would have to include him in a Metroid movie because he would be too important to leave out.
Ridley has also appeared in the Super Smash Bros. series as a boss in Brawl's Subspace Emissary mode and as a boss on the Pyrosphere stage in Super Smash Bros. for Wii U. He can help the player who damages him enough on the Pyrosphere stage.
Big Machine Records
Big Machine Records is an American record label. It specializes in country music. Big Machine is based on Music Row in Nashville, Tennessee. It is distributed by Universal Music Group (UMG).
History
The label was created in 2005 by former DreamWorks Records executive, Scott Borchetta. It initially became a joint venture between Borchetta and country singer Toby Keith.
Business
As of November 2014, the company has 88 employees in the areas of music publishing, management, merchandising and four office buildings. The business also oversees numerous imprints, like Valory Music, that are under Big Machine Label Group.
Artists
Artists signed to the label include Taylor Swift, Tim McGraw, Reba McEntire and Rascal Flatts.
Chogha Zanbil
Chogha Zanbil is an ancient site located in Khuzestan Province, Iran. This site was built by the Elam civilization. This place is one of the few ziggurats outside Mesopotamia.
Particle size (general)
The term particle size is used to compare dimensions of different small material objects.