cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Motivation
Motivation is an important part of psychology. It is the driving force by which people (or animals) get what they want. A motive is the reason for an action taken.
Nyon
Modern Day Nyon
Today, Nyon has a high school (Gymnase de Nyon), a hospital, a movie theatre, hotels, restaurants, cafes and a popular tourist attraction - the castle. In the last week of July each year, Nyon hosts the Paléo Festival - a huge music festival.
Motivation
With animals, motivation is caused by basic needs: needs for food, water, warmth, safety, mating, protecting the young, defending territory, needs to escape pain and threats... The drive to do these things is instinctive, inborn, and triggered by circumstance.
With humans, whose mental life is much more complex, motivation is more complicated. Obviously, humans feel the need for food and water, avoid pain and so on. But they are also capable of having long-term plans which are more difficult to understand.
Drives
A drive or desire is a deficiency or need that activates behaviour aimed at a goal or an incentive.
Drives may arise inside or outside an organism. External drives for humans are rewards and punishments, and can be quite subtle: a frown or a smile may be sufficient for a young person.
Drives often occur within the individual and may not need external stimuli to encourage the behaviour. An example is the sexual drive which is driven by our hormone system. The desire for sex is wired deep into the brain of all human beings as glands secrete hormones that travel through the blood to the brain and stimulates the onset of sexual desire. The process is started by the brain's hypothalamus, which releases pulses of GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone). This starts a whole chain of reactions which we call "puberty". Longer term, the hormone supporting male sex drive is testosterone, and for women testosterone and oestrogen.
By contrast, outside rewards and stimuli are used in training animals by giving them treats when they perform a trick correctly. The treat motivates the animals to perform the trick consistently, even later when the treat is removed from the process. Children are motivated to learn by approval of friendly adults, and by their own pleasure at success.
Emotions and unconscious motivation
Motivation and emotion are intertwined: "Emotional states tend to have motivational properties".
Not all motivated behaviour is the result of conscious decisions. Freudian psychology suggests that much behaviour is motivated by "unconscious factors, working through a network of defence mechanisms, symbolic disguises and psychological cloaks".
References
5. Motivation is the world of energy, power and positive vibes.
Trauma Center: New Blood
Trauma Center: New Blood, known in Japan as カドゥケウス ニューブラッド (Kadukeusu Nyū Buraddo) is a medical simulation video game made by Atlus for the Wii game console. It's the third game in the Trauma Center series, and stars different characters than in Trauma Center: Under the Knife and Trauma Center: Under the Knife 2.
Riedlingen
Riedlingen is a town in the German federal state of Baden-Württemberg. About 10,000 people live there. It is near the Danube.
Isny im Allgäu
Isny im Allgäu is a town in Ravensburg in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is in the Allgäu region.
Riedlingen
History
Riedlingen is over 1,000 years old. Its foundation is dated back to the 13th century. Documents mention it as early as 835. In 1806, it became part of the Kingdom of Württemberg. In 1973 it became part of the District of Biberach.
Big Boss
Big Boss is a recurring character in the Metal Gear series of video games, who serves as a hero or villain. He is the one who gave the genes to make three clones of himself, Solid Snake, Liquid Snake and Solidus Snake. In a way, this makes him their father. He starts off as a soldier for the CIA special forces team, the FOX Unit. He later creates and leads a special forces team himself, FOXHOUND.
Riedlingen
Politics
Riedlingen's current mayor is Marcus Schafft (CDU).
Isny im Allgäu
Isny was a Free Imperial City (Freie Reichsstadt) until the mediatisation of 1803.
2020 Aegean Sea earthquake
The 2020 Aegean Sea earthquake was a magnitude 7.0 earthquake. It struck in the Aegean Sea on 30 October 2020, about 14 km northeast of the island of Samos, Greece.
The earthquake damaged many buildings; some collapsed. In the Turkish city İzmir, dozens of buildings were either damaged or collapsed.
Big Boss
In Metal Gear Solid 3, Big Boss unsuccessfully rescues the scientist Sokolov, because his mentor, the Boss, changes sides from the United States to Soviet Union. At first, he did not understand why. Later, it is explained that the government ordered her to change sides, because she was the only soldier Volgin would respect and trust enough to keep the Philosophers' legacy during World War II. The Boss later reunites with her former team of fellow soldiers, the Cobra Unit. She knew Big Boss, who was called Naked Snake in the game, would have to kill her as part of his mission, but she wanted to pass on her goal for him to complete. After he discovers the real reason for the Boss's death, he loses his patriotism and wants to unite the world under one government. This is so that the world's governments would not threaten to destroy each other with nuclear weapons. The government gives him a new code name, Big Boss. He dislikes the code name, because it reminded him that it was given to him for killing the Boss. She was one of the only he really cared for.
2020 Aegean Sea earthquake
In Greece, two people were killed, with 19 others sustaining minor injuries. In Turkey, 117 people were killed and 1034 others injured.
A tsunami later hit the islands of Ikaria, Kos, Chios and Samos. It also hit İzmir where it killed one person.
Big Boss
In Metal Gear 1 & 2, Big Boss attempts to use Metal Gear to destroy the world's governments, but FOXHOUND agent Solid Snake (who is also one of Big Boss's clones) destroys it and stops him.
Tower 42
Tower 42, previously known as the NatWest tower or National Westminster Tower is a skyscraper in the City of London, England. From the top, the design of the building is made to resemble the NatWest logo.
It was constructed between 1971 and 1980, first occupied in 1980 and opened on 11 June 1981 by Queen Elizabeth II. When completed it became the tallest building in the United Kingdom and remained the tallest in the city of London for 30 years until the completion of Heron Tower in December 2009.
The cost to build it was £72 million (£283 million today). The building today has grade A office spaces, a restaurant on the 24th floor and a champagne and seafood bar on the 42nd floor.
Tenants
Current tenants of the building include:
Design
In June 2012, a Capix LED multi-media lighting system was installed around levels 39 to 45. This replaced the previous high-energy floodlighting at the top of the building.
The top of the tower is made to resemble the NatWest logo of three chevrons in a hexagonal arrangement.
There are four sections known as the core, leaf 1, leaf 2 and leaf 3.
Vladimír Heger
Vladimír Heger (30 January 1932 – 1 March 2021) was a Czechoslovak basketball player and coach. He was most known for being the head coach of the Czechoslovakian and Dutch national team. His coaching career lasted from 1975 until 1989. Heger was born in Prague.
Heger died on 1 March 2021 in Prague, aged 89.
Leandro Morgalla
Leandro Morgalla (born 13 September 2004) is a German professional footballer. He plays as a defender for FC Liefering on loan from FC Red Bull Salzburg.
Club career
He joined 1860 Munich's academy from SpVgg Unterhaching at the age of 10. He made his senior debut on 11 August 2021in the Toto Cup game at SV Birkenfeld. He played the full distance in central defense, as he did in the second round game at BSC Saas Bayreuth a week later. On 21 August 2021, he was in the squad for the first time in a third division game. Three more nominations for the matchday squad followed. In the 2022/23 season he made 31 matches for the team.
On 23 June 2023 Morgalla signed for RB Salzburg on a five-year deal. He was loaned to FC Liefering.
International career
Morgalla played for the German U18 and U19 team.
Trescault
Trescault is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Sesheke
Sesheke is a border town in the Western Province of Zambia. It borders with Namibia on the north.
Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic
The Chamber of Deputies of Parliament of the Czech Republic (Poslanecká sněmovna Parlamentu České republiky) is the lower house of parliament of the Czech Republic. It has 200 members. They are elected by the people. They serve for 4 years. The current parliament was elected in 2013.
Jebel Irhoud
The site is noted for the hominin fossils that have been found there since its discovery in 1960. Originally thought to be Neanderthals, the specimens have since been assigned to Homo sapiens and have been dated to roughly 300,000 years ago (286 ka for the Irhoud 3 mandible, 315 ka based on other fossils and the flint artefacts found nearby).
Oracle Corporation
Oracle Corporation is an American company. It makes hardware systems and enterprise software (software for businesses) such as database management systems. Its headquarters are in Redwood City, California, United States. The founder is Lary Ellison. In 2010, it employed 105,000 people worldwide. It has increased in size through natural growth and by buying other companies. By 2007 Oracle had the third-largest software revenue, after Microsoft and IBM.
In January 2010 it bought Sun Microsystems.
The corporation has arguably become best known for its flagship product, the Oracle Database. The company also builds tools for database development and systems of marshmallow-tier software, enterprise resource planning software (ERP), customer relationship management software (CRM) and supply chain management (SCM) software.
History
When the company started, computer database technology was only starting. Ellison had read a 1970 paper written by Edgar F. Codd on relational database management systems (RDBMS). He had also heard about the IBM System R database from an article in the IBM Research Journal by Ed Oates. System R was also based on Codd's theories. Ellison wanted to make Oracle's product compatible with System R, but IBM stopped this by keeping the error codes for their DBMS (DataBase Management System) secret. Ellison co-founded Oracle Corporation in 1977 with Bob Miner and Ed Oates under the name Software Development Laboratories (SDL). In 1979 SDL changed its name to Relational Software, Inc. (RSI). In 1982, RSI renamed itself Oracle Systems to make the relation to its main product, Oracle Database, clearer. At this stage Bob Miner was the company's senior programmer. In 1995, Oracle Systems Corporation changed its name to Oracle Corporation.
Lifes Rich Pageant
Lifes Rich Pageant is the fourth studio album by alternative rock band R.E.M. and was released on 28 July, 1986 through I.R.S.. It was recorded at Belmont, Indiana. It went to number 21 in the United States and number 43 in the United Kingdom.
Track listing
All songs written by Bill Berry, Peter Buck, Mike Mills and Michael Stipe, except where noted.
Side one – "Dinner side"
Side two – "Supper side"
1993 I.R.S. Vintage Years reissue bonus tracks
Notes
2011 25th Anniversary Edition reissue bonus tracks (The Athens Demos)
The Best Things in Life Are Free (movie)
The Best Things in Life Are Free is a 1956 American biographical musical movie directed by Michael Curtiz and starring Gordon MacRae, Dan Dailey, Ernest Borgnine, Sheree North, Tommy Noonan, Larry Keating, Phyllis Avery, Byron Palmer. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1957.
Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) was an Italian trader, explorer, and navigator. He was born in Genoa, Italy, in the year 1451. "Christopher Columbus" is the English version of Columbus's name. His real name in Italian was Cristoforo Colombo. He was the son of a weaver named Domenico Colombo and a seamstress named Susanna Fontanarossa.
Troisvaux
Troisvaux is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Christopher Columbus
When the Spanish learned that Columbus had found a New World, many other people, called conquistadors, went there too. This led to the Spanish colonization of the Americas.
Discovery of America
Columbus was not the first European person to have discovered America. At the time of his voyage, Europeans did not know that the Americas existed. However, Leif Erikson, around 1000 AD had landed in present-day Canada. This discovery had no impact on European history and was not well documented. Columbus discovered America in the sense that he was the first person to create repeated exploration and contact with the New World. Another point is that Native Americans had been living there for thousands of years before he arrived. However, Native Americans did not record or contribute to the European record of history for obvious reasons. Columbus, therefore, discovered America in context of European history.
Voyage in 1492
However, Columbus did not have enough money to pay for this voyage on his own. After defeating the Emirate of Granada, the rulers of Spain, Ferdinand II and Isabella I of Castile, agreed to pay for the voyage. He promised to bring back gold and spices for them.
In August 1492, Columbus and his sailors left Spain in three ships: the Santa María (the Holy Mary), the Pinta (the Painted), and the Santa Clara (nicknamed the Niña: the Little Girl).
The three ships were very small. Historians think that the largest ship, the Santa María, was only about 60 ft long, and about 16 to 19 feet (4.8 to 5.8 metres) wide.
Columbus's other ships were even smaller. Historians think they were about 50-60 ft long.
Flag of Montserrat
The flag of Montserrat was first used after the West Indies Federation was taken apart in 1958.
Helena Pietraszkiewicz
Helena Pietraszkiewicz (20 July 1953 – 1 March 2021) was a Polish psychologist and politician. She was born in Lublin, Poland. Pietraszkiewicz was a member of the Law and Justice Party. She was the Voivode of Łódz from 2006 until 2007.
Pietraszkiewicz died on 1 March 2021 in Lublin at the age of 67.
Flag of Montserrat
Design
The flag is made of a British blue ensign with the coat of arms of Montserrat. They include Erin holding a harp which stands for Montserrat's history of Irish settlers and holding a cross to mean the island's Christian history.
Jack Blessing
Blessing died of pancreatic cancer at his home in Chatsworth, California on November 14, 2017 at the age of 66.
Metal Gear Solid 3
Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater is the fifth game for the Metal Gear series. It added many new gameplay features to the series. It marked the first game using camouflage in the environment. It is the prequel game for the timeline and the first game, which introduces Big Boss, Solid Snake's former commander, enemy and father.
Someone to Watch Over Me
Someone to Watch Over Me is a 1987 American British romantic crime thriller movie directed by Ridley Scott and starring Tom Berenger, Mimi Rogers, Lorraine Bracco, Jerry Orbach, John Rubinstein, Mark Moses, Tracey Childs, Daniel Hugh Kelly. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures.
Metal Gear Solid 3
Plot
In 1964, the CIA sends Big Boss, who was then called Naked Snake, to a secret Soviet airbase in Pakistan. He is sent to rescue Sokolov. Sokolov is a Soviet scientist who left the Soviet Union with his wife and daughter. The United Stated sent him back to the USSR because US wanted the USSR to take nuclear missiles out of Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis. He is then forced to build a secret weapon called the Shagohod. This is a tank that can fire nuclear missiles in places that would otherwise be hard to do so. This building of this weapon is being overseen by Volgin. He is a Soviet officer who wants to destroy both the KGB and the Western world. Naked Snake almost completes his mission until his mentor, the Boss, betrays him. She does this by changing sides from the United States to the Soviet Union. After the mission fails, he is brought back to America.
One week later, he is sent back to the same Soviet base on a new mission, Operation Snake Eater. He must complete four tasks, rescue Sokolov, destroy the Shagohod, kill the Boss and the Cobra Unit, which is a team of supernatural soliders, and kill Volgin.
Christopher Columbus
Voyage
On October 12, 1492, after sailing for about four months, Columbus landed on a small island in the Bahamas. The natives called it Guanahani; Columbus renamed it San Salvador ("Holy Savior"). He met Arawek and Taíno Native Americans who lived on the island. They were friendly and peaceful towards Columbus and his crew. Not knowing where he was, and thinking that he had reached Asia, the "Indies," he called them "Indians." He claimed their land as Spain's.
Columbus then sailed to what is now Cuba, then to Hispaniola. On Hispaniola, Columbus built a fort. This was one of the first European military bases in the Western Hemisphere. He called it Navidad (Spanish for "Christmas"). He left thirty-nine crew members there, and ordered them to find and store the gold.
Treatment of the native people
On the day he landed in the Bahamas, Columbus wrote about the Arawaks and Taíno:
They ought to make good and skilled servants, [since] they repeat very quickly whatever we say to them. I think they can very easily be made Christians, for they seem to have no religion ... I will take six of them ... when I [leave, so] they may learn our language ... With 50 men you could subject everyone and make them do what you wished.
Columbus noticed that some of the Arawaks had gold earrings. He took some of them as prisoners and ordered them to lead him to the gold. However, they could not.
According to Encyclopædia Britannica:
Columbus was determined to take back both material and human cargo to his sovereigns [Ferdinand and Isabella] and for himself, and this could be accomplished only if his sailors carried on looting, kidnapping, and other violent acts, especially on Hispaniola.
Second voyage
On September 24, 1493, Columbus left Spain with enough ships, supplies, and men to invade and make Spanish colonies in the New World. He had 17 ships and 1,200 men. These men included soldiers and farmers. There were also priests, whose job was to convert the natives to Christianity.
On this voyage, Columbus explored some of the islands of the Lesser Antilles. He also sailed around most of Hispaniola and explored the sides of Jamaica and Cuba he had not seen on his first voyage.
Treatment of the native people
While Columbus was away from Navidad exploring Jamaica and Cuba, his soldiers stopped working on building a new fort and farms. They made the Arawaks give them food. They also stole things from the Arawaks and raped Arawak women. This made the Arawaks decide to fight back against the Spaniards. However, Spain had many weapons that the Arawaks had never seen, including steel swords, pikes, crossbows, dogs, and horses. This made it much easier for Spain to win fights against the Arawaks.
Western Cape
Geography
Western Cape borders the provinces of Northern Cape and Eastern Cape, bordering the Atlantic Ocean. On its southwestern tip is the Cape of Good Hope.
Christopher Columbus
Treatment of the native people
Columbus also took revenge against the Arawaks for killing his soldiers at Navidad. He made every native older than 14 give him a certain amount of gold every three months. If a person did not do this, Columbus's men would cut off their hands, and they would bleed to death. Columbus also led his soldiers to many different villages in Hispaniola to take them over and make them pay him gold also. If they could not pay the gold, people would be made into slaves or killed.
There was not much gold on the parts of the island Columbus took over. To avoid getting their hands cut off, many Arawaks tried to run away from Columbus and his men. However, Columbus's soldiers used dogs to hunt them down and kill them. Bartolomé de las Casas said that the Spanish killed two out of every three native people in the area (though he may have been exaggerating).
Start of the transatlantic slave trade
In February 1495, Columbus started the transatlantic slave trade. He and his soldiers captured about 1,500 Taíno. Only 500 could fit on Columbus's ships, so Columbus told his men they could take any of the rest as slaves. They took 600 and let 400 go. Of the 500 natives that Columbus shipped to Spain as slaves, about 200 died on the trip. Half of the rest were very sick when they arrived. This was the first time people had ever been shipped across the Atlantic Ocean to be sold as slaves.
"... I captured a very beautiful Carib woman, whom the said Lord Admiral [Columbus] gave to me. ... She was unwilling, and [so badly scratched] me with her nails that I wished I had never begun. But ... I then took a piece of rope and whipped her soundly, and she let forth such incredible screams that you would not have believed your ears. Eventually we came to such terms, I assure you, that you would have thought that she had been brought up in a school for whores.
United States ten-dollar bill
The United States ten-dollar bill ($10) is a denomination of U.S. currency.
Christopher Columbus
Third voyage
Columbus went on another voyage in 1498. King John II of Portugal had said there was a continent to the south-west of the Cape Verde islands. On his third voyage, Columbus wanted to find this continent. Before the voyage, Queen Isabella reminded Columbus that he should treat all of the native people well and make them into Christians.
On August 19, 1498, Columbus returned to Hispaniola. He found that many of the Spanish settlers there were unhappy. They thought there would be more gold in the New World. Some of them had rebelled while he was gone. Columbus had five of the rebellion's leaders hanged. He also tried to make the rest of the settlers happy by giving them land in Hispaniola. However, the settlers kept sending complaints to Spain. In 1499, Queen Isabella sent a man named Francisco de Bobadilla to Hispaniola. She gave him the power to do whatever he thought he should do. When he arrived in 1500, the first thing he did was to have Columbus arrested and sent back to Spain in chains.
Treatment of native people
When he was trying to make Spanish settlers happy, Columbus started the Encomienda system in Hispaniola. Under this system, Columbus would give a piece of land in Hispaniola to an individual Spanish settler. Sometimes, he would give away a whole native village. Any natives that lived in that area had to work for that Spanish settler. Natives had lived on this land for centuries. Columbus was giving their land away, and then forcing them to work on that land.
Later life
On August 23, 1500 Columbus was arrested in Hispañola, now called Santo Domingo, for cruelty to natives and Spaniards. He was sent to Spain in chains in October 1500. He was released on December 25, 1500, and taken to court. Columbus had important friends, and the King restored his freedom. He was not made governor again, but eventually he was allowed to lead another voyage.
Columbus died of heart failure and arthritis in Valladolid, Spain, at the possible age of 54.
Personal life
Columbus's relatives said that Columbus was born in Genoa, Italy. Today, no historian can say for sure where Columbus was born, but, his relatives said he was born in Genoa, Italy. Most experts think the best evidence says he was born in Genoa. However, other historians think Columbus was born somewhere else, like Spain or Portugal. Some think he was originally a Jew who converted to Christianity.
Tubersent
Tubersent is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Christopher Columbus
Personal life
In 1485, while in Córdoba, Spain, Columbus met Beatriz Enríquez de Trasierra. They lived together for a while. They had one child named Fernando.
Columbus's goals
Columbus had a few different goals for his journeys to the New World. First, he believed he could find a shorter and easier route to Asia, which made things Europe did not. He believed he could find a shorter route to China. Other people had called this belief absurd. Columbus wanted to prove these people wrong.
Second, Columbus wanted to find gold. Gold was the main kind of money used in Columbus's times. In his letter to Spain's King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, Columbus wrote: “Gold is most excellent; gold is treasure, and [the person] who [has] it does all he wishes to in this world." This means that someone with gold can do anything he wants to do. Many historians believe that Columbus wanted to become a powerful person – and in order to become powerful, he needed to find gold.
After Columbus
When the Spanish learned about the New World, many conquistadors, or conquerors, went there. This led to the Spanish colonization of the Americas.
The Spanish conquistadors first settled on the islands of Hispaniola (now the Dominican Republic and Haiti), Cuba, and Puerto Rico. They grabbed as much gold as they could. The Spanish also brought priests and forced the Native Americans to convert to Christianity.
Legacy
In the United States, Columbus Day is a holiday that celebrates Columbus's arrival in the New World on October 12, 1492.
The World's Columbian Exposition, which happened in 1893 in Chicago, Illinois, was held to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Columbus visiting the Americas.
International Friendship Day
International Friendship Day celebrations take place on the 4 January every year. On this day, people spend time with their friends and express love for them. The exchange of Friendship Day gifts like flowers, cards, and wrist bands is a popular tradition of this occasion.
History
In 1935, the United States Congress proclaimed the 1st Sunday of August as National Friendship Day. Since then, celebration of National Friendship Day became an annual event.
Many other countries around the world adopted the tradition of dedicating a day to friends. In 1997, the United Nations named Winnie the Pooh as the world's Ambassador of Friendship. Today, Friendship Day is enthusiastically celebrated by many nations.
Celebrating
Many friends wish each other with exchange of gifts and cards on this day. "Friendship bands" are very popular in India, Nepal and parts of South America. Members of social networking sites celebrate Friendship Day on-line.
You do not have to buy a gift or spend money to enjoy Friendship Day. This avoids accusations the fun is only a "marketing gimmick".
To mark the International Day of Friendship the UN encourages governments, international organizations, and civil society groups to hold events, activities, and initiatives that contribute to the efforts of the international community toward promoting a dialogue among civilizations, solidarity, mutual understanding, and reconciliation.
Java
Java (Jawa) is one of the Sunda islands of Indonesia.
Geography
The area is 132,000 square km. It is the world's 13th largest island. Around 140 million people live there, which is half the people in Indonesia and more than on any other island in the world. Most of them speak the Javanese language and many also speak other languages.
The Java Sea is to the north, the Indian Ocean south. The capital city of Indonesia, Jakarta, is in Java.
Climate
Most of Java has a tropical monsoon climate (Am in the Koeppen climate classification). The northern coast of the island is low-lying. The soil is fertile, because the island was made by volcano es. It is an important area for growing crops in Indonesia.
Religion
The majority religion in Java island is Islam. Majority of the Javanese are Muslim and they follow the branch of Sunni Islam.
Hearth
A hearth (har-th) is a brick or stone lined fireplace or oven that is used for cooking and heating. Historically, the hearth was the center of the home, as it provided heat for the house. Its Latin name is focus. That is why "focus" is used for many kinds of central point.
In more modern times, the hearth may be section of the fireplace that can be seen. This often includes tiles around the base of the fireplace and the floor.
Hank Mason
Henry Mason (June 19, 1931 – May 29, 2020) was an American professional baseball player. He played as a relief pitcher with the 1958 and 1960 Philadelphia Phillies of Major League Baseball. He began his career with the Kansas City Monarchs of the Negro American League. He was a starting pitcher in the 1954 East-West Game. Mason was born in Marshall, Missouri.
Mason died on May 29, 2020 in Richmond, Virginia at the age of 88.
Ronnie Coleman
Ronnie Dean Coleman (born March 13, 1964) is a retired American professional bodybuilder and former police officer. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest bodybuilders of all time. Coleman won the prestigious Mr. Olympia title a record-breaking eight times consecutively from 1998 to 2005.
Kenansville, North Carolina
Kenansville is a town in Duplin County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 855 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Duplin County.
Trauma Center: Second Opinion
Trauma Center: Second Opinion, known in Japan as Caduceus Z: Two Super Surgical Operations (カドゥケウスZ 2つの超執刀), is a medical simulation video game made by Atlus for the Wii game console. It's the second game in the Trauma Center series, and a remake of Trauma Center: Under the Knife for the Nintendo DS. It adds a new way to control the medical tools and adds a new story to go with the old one. Another Wii title was released called Trauma Center: New Blood, and there was a sequel on the DS called Trauma Center: Under the Knife 2. It was a Wii launch game in North America and Japan.
Alberigo Evani
Alberigo Evani (born 1 January 1963) is a former Italian football player. He has played for Italy national team.
Club career statistics
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International career statistics
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Armenian genocide denial
From 1915-1923, the Ottoman Empire (which later became the Republic of Turkey), tried to remove many Armenian people from the Empire. Between 800,000 and 1,800,000 Armenians were killed. Also many Armenians had to leave their homes (this is called relocation or displacement). People who deny the Armenian Genocide say that these things never happened or that it was not that serious. They also say that the Ottoman government never centrally organised genocide against the Armenian people. For example, the Republic of Turkey, and Azerbaijan do not believe at all that the Ottoman government tried to remove and kill the Armenian people in the Empire.
Origins of Armenian Genocide Denial in Turkey
The Armenian Genocide happened in 1915-1916, but since 1789, Turkey has denied many acts of violence towards the Armenian people. Fatma Gocek, who studies the Armenian genocide, believes that because Turkey has denied violence towards Armenians since 1789, Turkey was more likely to deny the Armenian genocide.
Since the Armenian Genocide happened, the main claim of denial used by the Ottoman Empire (later the republic of Turkey) has remained the same. The Ottoman Empire believes that the genocide never happened, that Turkey is not responsible for the genocide and that “Genocide” is too strong of a word to use to describe what happened.
The leaders of the Ottoman Empire thought they could not say the Armenian Genocide was real. This was because most of the countries the Ottoman Empire was allied with had mainly Christian people. Armenians were also Christian, and if the Ottoman Empire’s allies found out the Ottoman Empire used violence against other Christians, the allies would have been upset. The leaders of the Ottoman Empire instead tried to say Armenians were a national security (making sure a country is safe) threat as the reason why the deportations happened.
During the time the genocide was happening, Enver Pasha, told Ambassador Morgenthau (the American Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire) that Armenians were separatists (wanting to create their own country on Ottoman Land), traitors (people who betray their country) and violent towards Ottoman soldiers and that was why the Ottoman government had to displace them. This was untrue, Armenians were only violent after the genocide had started.
After World War 1, Talat Pasha (another leader of the Armenian Genocide and the Ottoman Empire), followed Enver’s strategy to minimize the Armenian Genocide.
The Armenians did not participate in violence against the government until after the genocide had started. The violence the Armenians participated in was for their self-defense.
After World War 1, the Ottoman Empire tried to prove they were not responsible for the genocide by trying to place the blame on other groups. The Ottoman Empire blamed corrupt officials, Kurds, and criminals for the events of the genocide.
North by Northwest
North by Northwest is a 1959 spy thriller movie directed by Alfred Hitchcock. Ernest Lehman wrote the script, and Cary Grant stars in the lead role. The movie also stars Eva Marie Saint and James Mason. The story is about the innocent Roger Thornhill getting caught up in the spy world. Bernard Hermann composed the music for the movie. Saul Bass created the famous opening sequence. It was one of the first uses of moving text on screen. The movie is often considered an Alfred Hitchcock classic and one of the best movies of all time.
Armenian genocide denial
Origins of Armenian Genocide Denial in Turkey
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was the founder of Turkey, and still holds a very important role in how Turkish people see themselves. Ataturk originally supported justice for people responsible for the genocide. He said the genocide was
François Cavanna
François Cavanna (22 February 1923 – 29 January 2014) was a French author and satirical newspaper editor. He helped create the Hara Kiri and Charlie Hebdo. He wrote in many of genres including reportage, satire, essays, novels, autobiography and humor. He also translated six books about famous cartoonists.
Armenian genocide denial
Origins of Armenian Genocide Denial in Turkey
In 1920 the Treaty of Sevres was signed. This would have resulted in a loss of land and loss of sovereignty (the ability for a country to govern itself independently) for Turkey. In 1921 Greece invaded Turkey. In two ways Turkey’s territory and sovereignty were threatened. Because of this, Ataturk changed his opinion on the Armenian Genocide so he could bring Turks together. Ataturk denied the Armenian Genocide to promote nationalism and unity against the two major threats (The Treaty of Sevres and the Greek invasion).
François Cavanna
Cavanna was born on 22 February 1923 in Nogent-sur-Marne. his father was Italian. Cavanna died on 29 January 2014 in Créteil, France from Parkinson's disease, aged 90.
North by Northwest
Plot
Two men kidnap Roger Thornhill at a hotel. They believe Thornhill is George Kaplan. They drive him to the mansion of Lester Townsend. Phillip Vandamm, who is an enemy spy, questions Roger. Vandamm's men make Thornhill drunk and put him in a car to kill him. Thornhill does not die. Instead, the police catch him. Thornhill cannot make the police or his mother believe his story. They visit the house of Townsend. A woman pretends she knows Thornhill and makes up stories.
Armenian genocide denial
Origins of Armenian Genocide Denial in Turkey
Later, Turkey began a campaign claiming that people who survived the genocide were lying. Turkey also said that foreigners who said the Armenian Genocide happened were part of a group conspiring against Turkey (trying to cause harm to Turkey). Also, Turkey said any documents proving the Armenian Genocide happened were fake.
North by Northwest
Plot
Thornhill goes into a 20th Century Limited train. He meets Eve Kendall. She is an American spy and wants to win the trust of Vandamm. She helps Thornhill escape, and they start a relationship. She sets up a meeting with Kaplan at a rural bus stop. Thornhill goes there and a crop duster pane attacks him. The plane blows up when it flies into a tank truck.
Armenian genocide denial
Armenian Genocide Denialism in Turkey Today
Today, denial of the Armenian Genocide is a large part of Turkish nationalism and how Turks define themselves. If a Turk agreed that the Armenian Genocide was real, this would go against how Turks see their country. This would cause problems with self and national-identity.
North by Northwest
Plot
Thornhill goes to Kaplan's hotel in Chicago and sees Kendall. He goes to her hotel room. She asks him to leave him alone and leaves. He follows her to an art auction. He sees her with Vandaam and Vandaam's men. Vandaam buys a Mexican Purépecha sculpture. Thornhill draws attention to himself so he can escape Vandaam's men. The police take Thornhill, but they give him to "The Professor." The Professor is an agent and tells Thornhill that Kaplan does not exist and is just a way to distract Vandaam from Kendall. Thornhill agrees to play the role of Kaplan.
Armenian genocide denial
Armenian Genocide Denialism in Turkey Today
Many people in Turkey still do not believe the Armenian Genocide happened. This is because of five reasons. Firstly, there were laws which said that people who publicly said they believe the Armenian Genocide is real could go to jail. Secondly, people who believe in the Armenian Genocide are seen as traitors. This creates a lot of social pressure to continue denial. Thirdly, many Turkish people do not learn about Armenian history. Fourthly, many Turkish and Kurdish people gained property and wealth because the genocide. When Armenian people were removed from their homes, their homes and belongings were divided between other people. Fifthly, Turkish people were affected by social amnesia (a group of people start to forget their past because other people remove evidence of the truth).
North by Northwest
Plot
At Mount Rushmore, Thornhill talks with Vandamm to have Kendall arrested. Kendall shoots Thornhill with blanks and runs away. The Professor has Kendall and Thornhill meet. Thornhill learns she must go on an airplane with Vandamm. The Professor locks Thornhill in a hospital room. Thornhill escapes and goes to Vandamm's house. Vandamm discovers that Kendall is a spy, used blanks and that the sculpture has microfilmss. Vandamm says he will throw Kendall off the plane. Thornhill warns Kendall with a note. The two escape and end up at the monuments of Mount Rushmore. Vandamm's men fall from the monuments. The Professor arrests Vandamm.
Armenian genocide denial
Study of Armenian Genocide Denial
In 1990, psychologist Robert Jay Lifton got a letter from the Turkish Ambassador to the United States. In the letter, the Ambassador asked Lifton how he could have talked about the Armenian Genocide in one of his books (because the Ambassador believed the Genocide never happened). By mistake, the Ambassador also included a draft of a letter written by scholar Heath Lowry, which told him how to keep the Armenian Genocide from being talked about in books. Lowry was later named to a chair (an important position) at Princeton University. Princeton had been given a $750,000 grant from the Republic of Turkey. This led to many arguments about ethics in scholarship.
North by Northwest
Critical response
The movie had very positive reviews. It has a 97% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Critics praised the movie as a great thriller with much suspense. They said the movie has many iconic images. Some said the movie is an excellent parody of Hitchcock's work and a classic example of his techniques. Critics found the movie very entertaining. Critics noted how the famous locations created more shocking scenes and added suspense. They also said the movie was both suspenseful and cherry. The movie has a rating of 98/100 on Metacritic with "universal acclaim".
Armenian genocide denial
Study of Armenian Genocide Denial
Open University of Israel scholar Yair Auron has talked about the different ways the Turkish government has tried to make it seem like the Armenian Genocide never happened: → Auron is saying that since the 1980s, the Turkish government has given money to some good universities to create "institutes" that should study Turkish history and culture more in details. However, these institutes helped to deny the Genocide and the events of it even more.
North by Northwest
Awards
North by Northwest got three nominations at the Academy Awards. They were the awards for Best Film Editing, Best Art Direction – Set Decoration, Color, and Best Original Screenplay. The movie won an Edgar Award for Best Motion Picture Screenplay. The movie won Top Action Drama at the Laurel Awards.
Armenian genocide denial
Study of Armenian Genocide Denial
University of California, Los Angeles scholar Leo Kuper, in a review on Ervin Staub's "The Roots of Evil: The Origins of Genocide and Other Group Violence" research, writes: → Kuper is saying that the Turkish government keeps saying the Genocide never happened. But in courts-martial after World War I, the Turkish government admitted that it organized, planned, and committed the genocide of Armenians.
North by Northwest
Legacy
North by Northwest has made several polls and lists for the greatest movies ever made. In a 1998 Time Out poll, the movie ranked the 12th greatest movie. In a 2022 Time Out poll, the movie was considered the best thriller ever. The poll from the British Film Institute ranked North by Northwest the 53rd greatest movie. The movie is on several of the American Film Institute's lists. The AFI ranked it the 40th-greatest American movie. The movie is ranked 7th on AFI's 10 Top 10 for mystery. It is also No. 40 in AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies, No. 4 in AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills, and No. 55 in AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition). The Library of Congress choose the movie to be part of the National Film Registry in 1995.
Typhoon Molave
Typhoon Molave, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Quinta, was a powerful typhoon that impacted the Philippines and later Vietnam in October 2020, becoming the strongest to strike Vietnam since Typhoon Damrey in 2017.
The eighteenth named storm and eighth typhoon of the 2020 Pacific typhoon season, Molave started from a tropical depression that formed on October 23 east of Palau.
At 15:00 UTC the next day, the depression was upgraded into Tropical Storm Molave as it moved northwestward. Molave soon became a typhoon on October 25 as it turned west, shortly before making landfall on the San Miguel Island in Albay, with another in Malinao, San Andres, Torrijos and Pola.
After striking the Philippines, Molave entered the South China Sea and began to become more violent. Molave strengthened into a powerful Category 3 typhoon later that day, before weakening again as it approached Vietnam. The typhoon struck Vietnam on October 28, before rapidly weakening as it headed further into Indochina.
Armenian genocide denial
Laws and the denial in Turkey
In the aftermath of the Armenian Genocide, the newly founded Republic of Turkey created an organization that investigated how many Armenians had died between 1915 and 1918. It was discovered that 800.000 people had died during this time, though many historians believe the death toll is much higher. The founder of modern Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, admitted to the killing of Armenians more than once after the First World War, and many within his movement agreed accountability was needed. This changed in the following years, when it was discovered that many of Turkey's founders were involved in the genocide. Since these men were celebrated as heroes during the First World War, their crimes were not recognized by Turkey.
Turkey continues to deny that the killings of Armenian people in the Ottoman Empire was a genocide. While there is no specific law in Turkey today that forbids people from talking about the genocide, there have been many cases of Turkey using the law to stop education on the Armenian Genocide. Scholars of history have named several reasons as to why Turkey still continues to deny that the Armenian Genocide happened. For example, many Turkish policymakers have expressed that admitting to the genocide would result in Armenia calling for reparations, or even demand back the territories they lost in World War I.
International Laws
There are some countries which do not formally recognize the genocide, and are neutral about the recognition or the denial. These countries include Israel and the United Kingdom.
Media and the denial
In the June 6, 2005 edition of the TIME Europe magazine, the Ankara Chamber of Commerce (a group of business people and corporations interested in business matters) paid for tourism advertisements. These advertisements included DVDs accusing Armenian people of killing Turkish people. Time Europe later apologized for sharing the DVD and published a letter saying the DVDs were wrong. The February 12, 2007 edition of TIME Europe had a page that said that the Armenian Genocide did really happen. It also included a DVD of a documentary by French director Laurence Jourdan about the Genocide.
100 years later and the Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day
The 24th of April is the Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day. In 2015, exactly 100 years after the genocide, lots of seminars, workshops, and events were organized in the capital city of Armenia, Yerevan. Presidents, politicians and important people from all around the world were invited, and the Turkish President Recip Tayyip Erdogan as well. Erdogan answered back with an invitation for a celebration of the battle of Gallipoli. For the first time, the celebration of this battle was on the same day as the Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day. This decision might have been a trick to turn international attention away from the Armenian Genocide. Armenian president at that time, Armen Sargystan, said in his answer to Erdogan`s invitation that “it is not our rule to be hosted by guests.”