cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Fiddle
Fiddles were played by people from all areas of society: from noble people to simple peasants. Many of them were minstrels who entertained important people. Some of them may have been able to read music, but many would have learned by copying other players and memorizing the music. At important feasts the minstrels may have played music while walking up to the high table when the food was brought in. They played to accompany dancers and singers, and even acrobats. We can see from old paintings that they sometimes played with other instruments such as trumpets, drums or percussion. We do not know the music they played because it was never written down, but some tunes we still hear today may have come from those old tunes, since some people still learn tunes by ear, from people who learned them by ear, and so on. Some American "old-time" tunes, and some Breton tunes may have come to us in this way, for example.
Mother's Little Helper
"Mother's Little Helper" is a song by the Rolling Stones. The Rolling Stones is an English rock band. Mick Jagger and Keith Richards wrote the song. It is a folk rock song. The song is about Valium and other sedatives. It was recorded in December 1965. The song was the first track on the United Kingdom version of Aftermath (1966). It was not on the United States version of the album. It was released as a single in the US on 2 July 1966. The song was on the Billboard Hot 100 for nine weeks.
Tense (grammar)
Tense can be shown by changing the spelling of a verb. For example, be can become am, is, and are in present tense, and was and were in past tense. In English, future tense is shown by adding will before the verb. For example, be becomes will be in future tense.
Some verb tenses are much more common than others in English.
Note: These tenses can be subdivided further (see below).
Aspect
There are also different kinds of tense within each main tense. In addition to tense, verbs can also indicate the completion, progress, or duration of an action. This is done by adding "helping words" or "auxiliary words", such as be and have, before the verb. For example, "I give", "I have given", "I am giving", and "I have been giving" are all in present tense, but have different meanings. This is called aspect.
Other languages have different ways of showing tense. For example, Latin usually shows tense by changing the verb, like English. However, Chinese and Indonesian show tense by adding new words, instead of changing the verb.
Resonator
A resonator is something that resonates. This may make a particular frequency of a sound or other vibration become bigger.
Electromagnetics
In electromagnetics a cavity resonator is a resonator composed of a space that is usually surrounded by a dielectric or metal which allows standing wave patterns at particular frequencies, eigenmodes, correlated to their size, shape, and material.
Music
Most musical instruments have resonators. They are the parts which makes the sound louder. A vibraphone, for example, has long tubes underneath the keys. It also has a special effect: a mechanism which, when it is turned on, opens and shuts the resonators very quickly so that a trembling sound is heard.
The body of a violin is a resonator: without the body the sound of the string vibrating would hardly be heard, just as the sound of an elastic band stretched between two fingers can hardly be heard.
Sony Pictures Animation
Their first movie Open Season was released on September 29, 2006, it's latest release was Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse on June 6, 2023. The studio's most successful movie to date is The Smurfs. However, its most critically acclaimed movie is Arthur Christmas, which was co-produced with Aardman Animations.
Sony Pictures Animation/Paramount Pictures deal (2001–03)
In 2001, Sony Pictures considered selling off its visual effects facility Sony Pictures Imageworks but after failing to find a suitable buyer, having been impressed with the CGI sequences of Stuart Little 2 and seeing the box office successes of DreamWorks Animation's Shrek and Disney/Pixar's Monsters, Inc., SPI was reconfigured to become an animation studio. Astro Boy, which had been in development at Sony since 1997 as a live-action film, was set to be SPI's first all-CGI film, but never made it to fruition.[3] On May 9, 2002, Sony Pictures Animation was established to develop characters, stories and movies with SPI taking over the digital production while maintaining its visual effects production.[4] Meanwhile, SPI produced two short films, the Academy Award-winning The ChubbChubbs! and Early Bloomer, as a result of testing its strengths and weaknesses in producing all-CGI animation.[5]
Sony Pictures Animation (2003–2011)
On its first anniversary on May 9, 2003, Sony Pictures Animation announced a full slate of animated projects in development: Open Season, an adaptation of a Celtic folk ballad Tam Lin, Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs, Surf's Up, and a feature-length film version of The ChubbChubbs!.[6]
On May 2014, it was announced that Netflix had acquired streaming rights to films produced by Sony Pictures Animation.[7]
Sony Pictures Animation (2011–18)
In June 2019, Sony Pictures Animation announced that they had launched an "International" division headed by Aron Warner at the 2019 Annecy International Animated Film Festival, with Wish Dragon set to be the division's first film. The same day, they also announced an "Alternative" division aimed at producing adult animated content, headed by Katie Baron and Kevin Noel. In addition to Tartakovsky's films Black Knight and Fixed, the division's TV shows are set to include The Boondocks, a reboot of the original TV series that originally aired on Cartoon Network's Adult Swim programming block from 2005 to 2014; Superbago, a co-production with Stoopid Buddy Stoodios that was originally greenlit as a feature film; and Hungry Ghosts, a series based on the Dark Horse graphic novel by Anthony Bourdain and Joel Rose.[10] They had previously announced their plans to produce adult content at the 2017 Annecy festival.[11]
Sony Pictures Animation (2018–present)
According to Kristine Belson, president of SPA, the studio produces films on a 1:1 development-to-production ratio, meaning that the studio puts films into development as much as it places films in production, unlike other animation studios.[11]
Rijssen-Holten
Rijssen-Holten is a municipality in the province of Overijssel, the Netherlands. About 38,000 people were living there in 2021.
It was created from the former municipalities of Holten and Rijssen on 1 January 2001. The new municipality was called Rijssen but renamed in Rijssen-Holten in 2003.
Rijssen-Holten lies partially in Salland region (Holten area) and partially in Twente region (Rijssen area). Administratively the municipality belongs to Twente region. It borders Achterhoek region.
Baron (name)
The following is a list of people with the name Baron. "Baron" most commonly refers to the title of nobility. The name “Baron” in old English also refers to a wealthy male landowner. In Hebrew, the Israeli surname "Bar-On" ("בר-און") is usually contracted to Baron; it means "son of strength/vigor/potency"
Extraordinary (Mandy Moore song)
"Extraordinary" is a 2007 song by Mandy Moore and is the lead single from her fourth studio album Wild Hope. It charted at number 102 in the United States and has a bit of folk pop with acoustic guitar thrown in it.
1146
1146 was a common year.
Church of England
The Church of England is the leading Christian church in England. It is the church established by law: its formal head is the English monarch (Charles III). It is the mother church of the Anglican Communion. Its headquarters are at Church House, Westminster, in London.
Entoprocta
Entoprocta, or Kamptozoa, is a phylum of tiny sessile aquatic animals ranging from 0.1 to 7 millimetres (0.004 to 0.28 in) long. Mature individuals are goblet-shaped, on relatively long stalks. They are filter-feeders, with a crown of tentacles whose cilia generate water currents towards the mouth. Both the mouth and anus lie inside the crown. The superficially similar Bryozoa (Ectoprocta) have the anus outside a 'crown' of hollow tentacles. Most families of entoprocts are colonial, and all but 2 of the 150 species are marine. A few solitary species can move slowly.
Church of England
The Church of England understands itself to be both Catholic and Reformed:
Entoprocta
Some species eject unfertilized ova into the water while others keep their ova in brood chambers until they hatch, and some of these species use placenta-like organs to nourish the developing eggs. After hatching, the larvae swim for a short time and then settle on a surface. There they metamorphose, and the larval gut generally rotates by up to 180°, so that the mouth and anus face upwards. Both colonial and solitary species also reproduce by cloning.
Some species of nudibranchs (sea slugs) and flatworms prey on entoprocts. A few entoproct species have been found living in close association with other animals.
Church of England
There are other Protestant churches in England which are not part of the Anglican Communion.
Entoprocta
Fossils of entoprocts are very rare and the earliest specimens that have been identified with confidence date from the Upper Jurassic. Most studies from 1996 onwards have regarded entoprocts as members of the Trochozoa, which also includes molluscs and annelids. However, a study in 2008 concluded that entoprocts are closely related to bryozoans.
Names
'Entoprocta' means 'anus inside'. The alternative name 'Kamptozoa', means 'bent' or 'curved' animals. Some authors use Entoprocta, while others prefer Kamptozoa.
Church of England
History
The Church of England became independent under King Henry VIII in 1534. Henry VIII was married to Catherine of Aragon, but asked the Pope to annul the marriage (say that it was a mistake and that Henry and Catherine were never really married). He wanted to annul the marriage because he wanted a male heir to his throne and Catherine could not produce one. When the annulment was refused, Henry VIII used his position as King to break the Church away from the Roman Catholic Church. This established the independence of the Church of England, sometimes called the Anglican (English) Church. Methodism broke away from the church in the 18th century. The Oxford Movement brought some Catholic beliefs and practices back into the church in the 19th century.
Under his son, King Edward VI, more Protestant forms of worship were adopted. The Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer started more changes. A new pattern of worship was set out in the Book of Common Prayer (1549 and 1552). These were based on the older liturgy but influenced by Protestant principles.
Kim Wilde
Kim Wilde (born Kim Smith on 18 November 1960) is a British singer. She was born in Chiswick, Middlesex. She is the eldest child of rock musician Marty Wilde. She had her first hit single, "Kids in America" in 1981. She also released Kim Wilde, her first album, in 1981. In 1983 Wilde won Best British Female Solo Artist (UK) at the BRIT Awards. Wilde released her most recent album Wilde Winter Songbook on 11 November 2013. It is a Christmas album.
Wāli
Wāli or vali is a title used during the Arab Empire and Ottoman Empire. It means governor. It is still used in some countries with Arabic culture.
In Algeria, a wāli is the "governor" of each of the 48 provinces. They are chosen by the president.
In Iran the governors are called Vāli.
Staphorst
Staphorst is a municipality and town in the province of Overijssel, the Netherlands. About 17,000 people were living there in 2021. It lies both in the region of Salland and the region of Kop van Overijssel.
Middle Eastern music
Middle Eastern music is a form of art created in the region named Middle East. Rhythm is key in the Middle East, think about Quranic texts, prayercalls, and everyday conversations. Its characteristics are the use of quarter tones and the lack of chords. Middle Eastern music uses a lot of different instruments. A characterizing instrument is the qanun, a zither instrument. Other instruments are the oud, and the saz, both string instruments, similar to a guitar.
Musical terms
These musical terms will come often in this page. A short guide with definitions of these terms could be useful.
Scale = a collection or group of musical notes that are organized in a specific order. It gives music its characteristic sound in a particular culture.
Mode = a collection of notes that are related to a central note, and together they create a specific type or style of music. They determine the rules and conditions for playins this music. Rhythm = Arrangement of sounds and pauses that form a song's beat. It sets the pace and makes you feel the groove. It controls the length and timing of each sound.
Blackpool Tower
Blackpool Tower is a tall structure in Blackpool, a North England seaside town.
Middle Eastern music
Musical terms
Beat = The basic unit of time in music. A constant, regular pulse that repeats throughout a piece.
Blackpool Tower
It was built in the style of the Eiffel Tower. Building started in 1891 and finished in 1894. It cost £45000 (around US$70000), is 518 ft tall and weighs 2586 tons. It is mainly made from steel and cast iron.
Middle Eastern music
Musical terms
Musical tone = A steady periodic sound.
Blackpool Tower
It is one of the main tourist attractions in Blackpool. These include the tower itself, the Golden Mile, which is a row of arcades, the Irish Sea and beach, and Pleasure Beach Blackpool (a theme park).
The oldest part of the building is the old aquarium which was part of Dr Cockers' Menagarie and Aquarium since the 1870s. It was kept open to earn money while the tower building was built around it.
Middle Eastern music
Musical terms
Chords = combination of three or more notes, with a harmonic pitch. Instrument = Anything that is used to produce a musical sound.
Blackpool Tower
Since Merlin Entertainments started running the tower, the building has been repaired and new attractions have been added. The aquarium was removed to make way for a new attraction.
Middle Eastern music
Musical terms
Genre = Category that groups music together based on shared traditions and conventions.
Ourense
Ourense (, ; Orense ) is a city and capital of the province located in the autonomous community of Galicia, northwestern Spain. It is on the Portuguese Way path of the Road of St James (Camino de Santiago). It's also known as A cidade das Burgas (galician) due to its hot springs.
Middle Eastern music
History
The main religion in the Middle East is Islam. There is very little ceremonial music as music is seen as problematic in Islam. Rhythms are used for to recite the Qu'ran but not music itself. Rhythmic modes are used in Islamic music, these modes are called īqāʿāt in Arabic. Folk music and art music are similar and common in the Middle East. Music was already known in the pre-islamic society. Musicians at that time had a high rank in society. The Muezzin is the person that calls for the daily prayers. Prophet Muhammad would ask the Muezzin to do a call for prayers as his soothing voice was comforting. During the time of the Prophet, music was not tolerated but recitation and rhythm were commonly used. Many musicians appeared during the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates. Culture was exchanged: Arabs, Persians, Turks and Byzantines were coming together through music and creating new styles and forms. Later, the Islamic Empire grew even bigger. This led to more musical exchanges in Asia, Europe, Africa and Byzantium.
Arab music became more and more popular over time. Today, Arab music is considered as one of the richest and most unique musical traditions. The music reflects historical interactions with various genres and types. Middle Eastern musicians continue impressing the world with their musical talent.
Turkish Music
Turkish music is a form of art created in Turkey. It was formed through Central Asian Turkic people, the Ottoman Empire and modern Western music.
Classical
Turkish classical music is called "Klasik Türk Musikisi" in Turkish. It is a genre on its own under Turkish music. It has the human voice as its basis. The classical music of Turkey is based on a scale. This scale has seven notes and a specific pattern of breaks between each note. This system of notes and breaks is called makam in Turkish, which is essential for Turkish classical music. There are different makamlar (plural of makam) and they each have their own set of rules. The scale covers a wide range of musical pitches, because of the wide range of high and low notes. This wide range of high and low notes is referred to as "two and a half octaves" in the music world. Also important is singing. Skilled vocalists, which are called sanatkar, are known for their ability to give rise to emotions of the lyrics.
Reading about Turkish Classical music is helpful, but hearing it can be too. Clicking on the name of the video will give a chance to listern to Turkish Classical music. The video is called "Yaşar Kurt - Yaz Günleri".
Pop
Turkish pop music was born in the 1950's. It started with the making of covers of popular styles from other countries. "Hafif-batı" means "light western" and refers to these imported songs. Later, Turkish artists began writing their own songs and develop their own style.
Blackpool Tower
Attractions at the tower include the Blackpool Dungeon, the Blackpool Tower Eye, the Blackpool Tower Circus, the Blackpool Tower Ballroom and Jungle Jim's.
Middle Eastern music
Pop
Turkish pop music has been influenced by the West, yet it continues to promote national values. Turkish ordinary music is said to be multicultural as it mixes Western cultures with Eastern cultures. Turkish pop songs promote modern sounds as well as traditional sounds. Names that are big in this genre are: Tarkan, Hadise, Aleyna Tilki and Mustafa Sandal.
Rock
Turkish Rock is also known as "Anatolian Rock". This is a genre under Turkish music. This genre is a mix of Turkish folk music and Western rock. Atatürk, founding father of Turkey, wanted to make Turkey more like the West (more European and American). Thus, music also became more like that of the West, but still with some Ottoman elements. It combines Turkish and Western elements in language, instruments, rhythm, melody, and harmony. Seen as Western elements, instruments like the electric guitar, bass guitar and drums are used. Names that are big in this genre are: Barış Manço, Erkin Koray and Selda Bağcan.
Durchhausen
Durchhausen is a municipality in Tuttlingen in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
Middle Eastern music
Rock
Reading about Turkish Rock music is helpful, but hearing it can be too. Clicking on the name of the video will give a chance to listen to Turkish Rock music. The video is from one of the artists mentioned above, Barış Manço. The video is called "Barış Manço - Dönence (1982-TRT)".
Galyn Görg
Galyn Görg, pronounced George, also credited as Galyn Gorg, Galan Gorg and Gaylyn Görg (July 15, 1964 – July 14, 2020) was an American actress and dancer. She was best known for her role in the movies, RoboCop 2 as Angie, the Nuke addicted bad girl; on M.A.N.T.I.S., television's first black superhero program, as Lt. Maxwell and on the television show Twin Peaks as Nancy O'Reilly. She was born in Los Angeles.
Rebec
The rebec is a bowed string musical instrument that was played many hundreds of years ago. It was either held under the chin, like a violin, or held against the arm. The name “rebec” was spelt in a variety of ways.
Origins
The rebec dates back to the Middle Ages and was particularly popular in the 15th and 16th centuries. The instrument is European, but probably developed from the Afghan instrument called the “rebab”. Instruments like the rebec were being played in the 10th century.
Tuning
The rebec can have any number of strings from one to five, although three is the most common number. The strings are often tuned in fifths. The instrument played high notes like the violin, but in later years bigger rebecs were made that played lower notes.
Use of the rebec
The rebec was mostly used for dance music. Dancing masters often used a kind of pocket-sized rebec called a “kit”.
The rebec was also used in folk music, especially in eastern Europe, Spain and North Africa.
In medieval and Renaissance times the rebec in Europe was played by minstrels. They dressed in special livery and played at important feasts and in processions. They were also played by cowherds. King Henry VIII has several rebec players at his court.
Today many Middle Ages re-enactors like to play rebec since it is an authentic Medieval instrument.
United States men's national volleyball team
The United States men's national volleyball team is the national team for the United States of America. It is governed by USA Volleyball.
Elastic modulus
An elastic modulus, or modulus of elasticity, is the mathematical description of an object or substance's tendency to be deformed elastically (i.e. non-permanently) when a force is applied to it.
The elastic modulus of an object is defined as the slope of its stress-strain curve in the elastic deformation region:
where λ is the elastic modulus; stress is the force that causes the deformation divided by the area to which the force is applied; and strain is the ratio of the change caused by the stress to the original state of the object. If one specifies how stress and strain are to be measured, that allows for many types of elastic moduli to be defined.
Shailendra Man Bajracharya
Shailendra Man Bajracharya (Nepali: शैलेन्द्र मान बज्राचार्य) is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the Hamro Nepali Party. He is currently serving as the member of the Bagmati Provincial Assembly.
Segovia
Segovia (, also, ) is a city of Spain located in the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is the capital and most populated municipality of the Province of Segovia.
Gentoo Linux
Gentoo Linux is a version of the Linux operating system. It was created by Daniel Robbins. The project and its products are named after the Gentoo penguin.
Severino Cavalcanti
Severino José Cavalcanti Ferreira (18 December 1930 – 15 July 2020) was a Brazilian politician. He was born in João Alfredo, Pernambuco. He was a member of the Progressive Party. He was the mayor of João Alfredo between 1964 to 1966 and again from 2009 to 2013. He also was a member of the Chamber of Deputies between 1995 to 2005.
Gentoo Linux
Development
Gentoo Linux uses a package management system called Portage. Portage is like the BSD ports collection. Gentoo package management is designed to be modular, portable, easy to maintain, flexible, and optimized for the user's machine. Packages are normally built from source code, continuing the tradition of the ports collection, although for convenience, some large software packages are also available as precompiled binaries for various architectures.
Severino Cavalcanti
Cavalcanti died on 15 July 2020 from diabetes-related problems, aged 89.
Gentoo Linux
Development
Although originally designed for the x86 architecture, it has been ported to many others and currently runs on the x86, x86-64, IA-64, PA-RISC; PowerPC, PowerPC 970, SPARC64, MIPS, DEC Alpha, System Z/s390, PS3 Cell Processor and SuperH architectures. Official support for 32-bit Sparc hardware has been dropped.
Nittenau
Nittenau is a municipality  in Schwandorf, in Bavaria, Germany. It is on the river Regen, 18 km southeast of Schwandorf, and 24 km northeast of Regensburg.
Gentoo Linux
Package
Gentoo's official software package repository includes, for example, UNetbootin.
Nittenau
It is the "sister city" of Lake Zurich, Illinois.
Nottingham Express Transit
Nottingham Express Transit (or in short NET) is a light-rail tramway in the Nottingham area in England. The first line opened to the public on 9 March 2004. It cost £200 million to construct. It took 16 years from the first idea of the system until it was built. It is operated by Nottingham Tram Consortium, a 50:50 partnership between Transdev and Nottingham City Transport.
Pedro Cateriano
Pedro Álvaro Cateriano Bellido (born June 26, 1958) is a Peruvian lawyer and politician. In July 2020, he became the Prime Minister of Peru under Martín Vizcarra's administration. He left the position on 6 August 2020. He was Ollanta Humala's Minister of Defense from July 2012 to April 2015, and Prime Minister from April 2015 to July 2016.
Biography
Born in the capital city of Lima in 1958, Cateriano pursued a law degree at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, specializing in constitutional law. During his brief term in the Peruvian Congress between 1990 and 1992, Cateriano attained a prominent role as a ranking member of the congressional investigative committee on Alan García's first administration (1985-1990). Alongside Lourdes Flores and Fernando Olivera, the committee was ultimately disbanded following García's acquittal by the Supreme Court in March 1992. Cateriano published in the following years a detailed work on the investigation.
After a failed run for the Peruvian Congress, Cateriano worked extensively in opposition to Alberto Fujimori's presidency, ultimately being appointed to the Constitutional Reform Advisory Body of the Ministry of Justice in the presidency of Valentín Paniagua. Subsequently, he was appointed under Alejandro Toledo's presidency as Deputy Minister of Justice, serving until his resignation in June 2002, alongside minister and former colleague, Fernando Olivera.
During the presidency of Ollanta Humala, Cateriano served as Minister of Defense from July 2012 to April 2015. In his almost three-year tenure, he remained a controversial member of Humala's administration, constantly clashing with the opposition regarding the government's modus operandi, in which First Lady Nadine Heredia seemingly interfered with government decisions. He also faced criticism for his support of pecuniary sanctions on voluntary military service enrollment, which the Constitutional Court declared the measure unconstitutional. Upon the resignation of Ana Jara on 2 April 2015, due to her being censured by the Peruvian Congress regarding illegal government espionage under her management as Prime Minister of Peru, Cateriano was appointed as her successor. Seemed by pundits as a government loyalist, he served through the end of Humala's presidency.
Cateriano was sworn as Prime Minister of Peru on 15 July 2020, succeeding Vicente Zeballos as the government faces strong criticism due to Vizcarra's management of the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru. He would serve until 4 August 2020, less than three weeks in office, as Congress voted against his confirmation and left office on 6 August 2020.
Hidaka Province
Hidaka Province (日高国) was a old province of Japan on the island of Hokkaido. The history of the province started in 1869 and ended in 1882.
The boundaries of this ancient province are generally mirrored in what is today called Hidaka Subprefecture.
History
After 1869, the northern Japanese island was known as Hokkaido. Regional subdivisions were established. Hidaka Province was one of the new entities which were created in 1869.
In 1882, Hidaka and the other ten provinces of Hokkaido were reorganized as Hakodate Prefecture, Sapporo Prefecture and Nemuro Prefecture.
Frankie Stein (Monster High)
Frankie Stein is a fictional character on the television series Monster High. They are the child of Frankenstein. The character is voiced by Kate Higgins.
Frankie is 15 days old. They are clumsy, polite, and athletic, but a good friend. Frankie has black and white hair. Their body is made of stitches and bolts. They are the new ghoul at Monster High. Their best ghoul friends are Draculaura and Clawdeen wolf. When they are nervous their bolts begin to spark and give people a bit of a shock.
Mohamed Nasheed
Mohamed Nasheed GCSK (މުހައްމަދު ނަޝީދު; born 17 May 1967) is a Maldivian politician. He has been Speaker of the People's Majlis since May 2019. He was the fourth President of the Maldives from 2008 to 2012. He is the first democratically elected president of the Maldives. He is also one of the founders of the Maldivian Democratic Party.
On 6 May 2021, an assassination attempt was made against Nasheed near his home while he was getting into his car. He was seriously injured when his car exploded.
Rationalization (mathematics)
The rationalization of denominators is to get rid of radicals that are in the denominator (the bottom part of a fraction). It works by dividing the bottom radical by itself, then multiplying that by the first expression.
People's Provincial Assembly
The People's Municipal Assembly is the political group that rules the provinces of Algeria. The people are picked for five years. This assembly further elects a president, the president of the People's Provincial Assembly.
Surendra Raj Gosai
Surendra Raj Gosai (Nepali: सुरेन्द्रराज गोसाई) is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the Nepal Majdoor Kisan Party. He is currently serving as the member of the Bagmati Provincial Assembly since 2018.
Notes from the psychoanalysis of Knut Hamsun
During the psychoanalysis of Knut Hamsun, notes were made by his psychoanalyst, Johannes Irgens Strømme; sometimes the notes are referred to as the Strømme/Hamsun manuscript (Norwegian: Strømme/Hamsun-manuset).
George Sluizer
George Sluizer (25 June 1932 – 20 September 2014) was a Dutch movie director. His best known movies were Utz (1992), The Vanishing (1993) and Dark Blood (2012). He also made documentary movies.
Notes from the psychoanalysis of Knut Hamsun
Hamsun died in 1952 and copies of the notes were published in 2017; the publication is controversial (as of 2017).
The existence of the notes led to a race between a group related to [the community of persons who do] research [for a living,] and a group related to publishing.
George Sluizer
Sluizer was born in Paris, France. His parents were Dutch and Norwegian. He claimed to see Israeli politician Ariel Sharon kill two Palestinian children in Lebanon sometime in 1982, which was not reported on until 2010.
Sluizer died from cardiovascular disease on 20 September 2014 in Amsterdam, North Holland, aged 82. He had been in ill-health since 2007.
Notes from the psychoanalysis of Knut Hamsun
Danish author Thorkild Hansen (en:) has said that the notes must certainly be viewed as [an] extremely important source.
Media sometimes refers to (as of May 2017,) the notes as "the classified notes".
Description
The notes consist of 474 pages.
Psychoanalysis; non-voluntary psychiatry during the Legal purge in Norway after World War II
In 1925, Hamsun had writer's block, and "he could not write a sentence". To go to consultations, at a specialist of psychoanalysis [was a voluntary decision by Hamsun]; he went to Johannes Irgens Strømme(no:Johannes Irgens Strømme no:) - who had been a student of Oskar Pfister(en:Oskar Pfister en:) - from 4 January 1926. During a two year period, Hamsun made visits to Strømme; Hamsun would lie on a divan [or a couch-like sitting furniture] while being psychoanalyzed, and Strømme would sit (on a chair) behind Hamsun.
In 1926 the writer's block eased, and the year after he published the novel Wayfarers; He thanked the psychoanalyst "for the rest of Hamsun's life", for getting back his apetite for writing.
Non-voluntary psychiatry
During the Legal purge in Norway after World War II(en:Legal purge in Norway after World War II en:) , Hamsun was examined by a court-appointed psychiatrist - without Hamsun giving permission for the examinations; [part of the diagnosis ] of Hamsun said that he had [a permanent reduction of sanity ] varig svekkede sjelsevner; to disprove and discredit the diagnosis, Hamsun wrote On Overgrown Paths(en:On Overgrown Paths en:) (published in 1949);
Storage of the notes
The notes by psychoanalyst Strømme, were [years later] "left to" a friend (of the psychoanalyst) - Ørnulf Myklestad; this friend was also the publisher of works by the psychoanalyst;
On a document dated 1958, Myklestad wrote that he would not do anything while Hamsun's widow was alive; the notes were put in safe deposit box (at a bank);
Out of the safe deposit box, the notes came in the autumn of 1978;
The daughter of psychoanalyst Strømme had the shorthand notes, transferred to her.
Interpreting and transcribing the notes
The stenographied notes were [borrowed] by [publishing house] Gyldendal(en:Gyldendal en:) for more than two months; Gyldendal returned the notes [together with a letter dated] 18 January 1979; "with the help of a stenographer employed by Norway's parliament", Gyldendal was able to interpret 30 pages of the shorthand notes, and Gyldendal transcribed those (in 1979); [in the letter, the female stenographer said that more] deciphering could be achieved - but it probably would take years and it would be expensive.
Attempts at publication (of psychoanalysis)
The interest in the notes regarding Hamsun, reached a climax [or top point] in 2001, when several groups [of people] wanted to use the notes.
A letter was sent - sometime before 2 April 2001 - from the national library, to the Ministry of Justice, regarding the library's [idea] to publicize the [notes regarding the] psychoanalysis ([that was] performed by Strømme); the notes were to be publicized together with comments from literary scientists and psychoanalysts; the project was to be led by Atle Kittang(en:Atle Kittang en:) - an expert (on research regarding Hamsun) and a professor of literature.
Media wrote about the letter; psychiatrist Sigmund Karterud(no:Sigmund Karterud no:) said (on 2 July) that psychiatrists [as a group] are shocked; However, the spokesman for the Hamsun family - Leif Hamsun (a grandchild of Knut Hamsun) - said that the project was not problematic.
Project by publishing house Gyldendal; the stopping of a project by "the national library"
At the same time, a major project was started by Gyldendal: Ingar Sletten Kolloen(en:Ingar Sletten Kolloen en:) was [expected] to write a significant biography about Hamsun; a group of people were put together by Kolloen [to help him]: members of the group included literary scientists and experts of psychoanalysis; the group included psychiatrist Sigmund Karterud(no:Sigmund Karterud no:);
The national library cancelled plans to publish the psychoanalysis notes, media said on 23 September 2001; furthermore, Kolloen was granted access to the psychoanalysis notes, because of Gyldendal's plans for him to write a biography (about Hamsun);
Publication
Notes from Hamsun's psychoanalyst, were published in 2017; the photocopied notes were from [Hamsun's appointments] with his psychoanalyst; the published notes were part of [a work of] art that was published in Vagant(no:Vagant (tidsskrift) no:) [a magazine].
The publication of the psychoanalyst's notes regarding Hamsun, is controversial (as of 2017).
In 2017 Morgenbladet(en:Morgenbladet en:) asked "Why at all, are the notes owned by the public".
Current possession by "the national library"; change of status permitting publication
The notes are deposited (as of 2017) at ["the national library" -] Nasjonalbiblioteket in Oslo, Norway; they are part of a package, [that the national library calls] manus 4°3565.
The "national library" (when it was called Universitetsbiblioteket) received the notes, as a gift from the daughter of psychoanalyst Strømme.
Status permitting publication
In 1999 the daughter of psychoanalyst Strømme, permitted publication of the notes; previously she had put a clause in place that had prevented publication of the notes;
By 2003, no one seems to have discovered [and made use of the general availability of the notes].
San José Province
San José is a province of Costa Rica. It is in the central part of the country. The provincial capital, and the national capital since 1823, is the city of San José.
Location
The San José province borders with the Alajuela and Heredia provinces to the north, with the Cartago and Limón provinces to the east; and the Puntarenas to the south and the west.
Geography
San José is in the central part of the country. The province has an area of 4965.90 km2.
The main mountains in the province are Turrubares, Camora, Cangreja, Nara, Cerro de la Muerte, San Jerónimo and Las Vueltas.
Some of the rivers that flow through the province are Grande de Candelaria, Pirrís, Virilla, Naranjo, División, Chirripó, General y Pejibaye.
Demographics
People from the province are known as josefinos (women:josefinas).
The San José province had a population, in 2011, of 1,404,242 for a population density of inhabitants/km2. The canton of San José, with 288,054 inhabitants, is the canton with more inhabitants.
Evolution of the population in San José province
Administrative divisions
The San José province is divided in 20 cantons, which are divided into 124 Districts.
2008 Quebec general election
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Hermann von Helmholtz
Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz (31 August 1821 – 8 September 1894) was a German physician and physicist who made significant contributions in several scientific fields. The Helmholtz Association is named after him.
In physiology and psychology, he is known for his mathematics of the eye, theories of vision, ideas on the visual perception of space, and color vision research. His work on the sensation of tone, perception of sound, and the physiology of perception is also notable.
In physics, he is known for his theories on the conservation of energy, work in electrodynamics, chemical thermodynamics, and on a mechanical foundation of thermodynamics.
As a philosopher, he is known for his philosophy of science, ideas on the relation between the laws of perception and the laws of nature, the science of aesthetics, and ideas on the civilizing power of science.
Abolghasem Sarhaddizadeh
Abolghasem Sarhaddizadeh (1945 – July 14, 2020) was an Iranian reformist politician. He was a member of the Islamic Consultative Assembly between 1990 and 1992 and 1996 to 2004. He was Minister of Labour and Social Affairs from 1983 to 1989. Sarhaddizadeh was born in Tehran.
Sarhaddizadeh died on July 14, 2020 in Tehran, aged 75.
Sugar Hill Records (rap)
Sugar Hill Records was an American record label. It was set up by Joe and Sylvia Robinson in 1974 to be the first label issuing exclusively rap music. Their first release came out five years later. It was "Rapper's Delight" by the Sugar Hill Gang.
Sugar Hill Records went bankrupt in 1986.
Upton Park
Upton Park, or the Boleyn Ground, was previously the home stadium of West Ham United in the East End of London. The club started playing here in 1904. Recently they moved to the Olympic Stadium because the Boleyn Ground was to be made into flats. Many West Ham fans were devastated but many debate that the Olympic Stadium is better.
History
On the 10th May 2016, the final game was played between West Ham United F.C. and Manchester United F.C. because the ground was sold for demolition. The game finished with West Ham winning 3-2. By July 2016, the seats were removed and it was handed over to the developers for demolition.
Hadi Dahane
Hamed Dahane (1946 – 13 July 2020) was a Moroccan football midfielder. He played for Morocco in the 1970 FIFA World Cup. He also played for Union Sidi Kacem.
Dahane died on 13 July 2020, aged 76.
Tubbergen
Tubbergen is a municipality and town in the province of Overijssel, the Netherlands. About 21,000 people were living there in 2021.
Tubbergen lies in Twente region and borders Germany.
Casablanca Records
Casablanca Records is an American recording label. It is owned by Universal Music Group. Casablanca operates under Republic Records. The label became most successful as a disco label in the 1970s. It currently operates as an electronic dance music label under the direction of Tommy Mottola.
List of mayors of Paris
The Mayor of Paris (maire de Paris) is the chief executive of Paris, the capital and largest city in France. The Mayor is responsible for the administration and management of the city, adds proposals and recommendations to the Paris City Council, is active in the enforcement of the city’s laws.
Moraxella
Moraxella is a genus of bacteria. It is named after Victor Morax, a Swiss eye specialist (ophthalmologist). They are gram-negative. The cells are short rods or cocci. Moraxella catarrhalis can cause chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Laws (Plato)
Laws (Ancient Greek Νόμοι Nómoi ['nɔmɔɪ̯] is a work Plato wrote, as an old man. Like most of his other works, it is in the form of a dialogue. It is Plato's biggest work. It is about the question what an ideal state should look like. Three people discuss during a hiking trip. Many questions are discussed. Among them are:
Steenwijkerland
Steenwijkerland is a municipality in the province of Overijssel, the Netherlands. About 44,000 people were living there in 2021. It lies in the region of Kop van Overijssel.
Claudecir
Claudecir is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
Steenwijkerland
In 2001, the municipalities of Brederwiede and IJsselham joined the municipality of Steenwijk. Last one was renamed Steenwijkerland in 2003.
Goethe's Faust
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's Faust is the most famous play in all German literature. It was published in two parts. Part One is very dramatic, and tells the main story. Part II is extremely long, and it is meant to be read rather than acted on stage. It is about Goethe’s philosophy as well as about history and politics.
What the story is about
Goethe’s Faust is a re-telling of the Faust legend which was very famous in Germany. The legend tells of a man called Faust who is tired of studying and wants to have the greatest possible happiness. The devil (usually called Mephistopheles, as he is in Goethe’s play) tells Faust he can help him to do this, but that in the end Faust will have to give him his soul and go with him to hell. Faust makes a pact (an agreement) with Mephistopheles who promises him all his soul can wish for: fine living, gold, women and honour. Faust signs the pact with his blood. Faust uses magic in the hope that it will tell him everything about life. However, in the end Mephistopheles wins his bet.
How Goethe worked on the play
The subject of Faust occupied Goethe all his life. The name of Faust is mentioned in a comedy he wrote in 1769: “Die Mitschuldigen“. In 1773, when he was 24, he first read the poetry of Hans Sachs, the medieval German poet. He immediately started to imitate the rhythm of Sachs’s poetry. This rhythm is known as “Knittelvers”. It had 4 accented syllables in each line and an AABB or ABAB rhyming pattern, e.g.
In 1887, long after Goethe’s death, it was discovered that he had made a version of “Faust“ which he never published but later decided to rewrite. This version is known as the “Urfaust” (“Ur” means “original”, i.e. the “Original Faust”). It was written between 1772 and 1775. He changed a lot of it and it became “Faust Part I“. A fragment (small part of it) was published in 1790. Then he finished it in 1806, published it in 1808 and changed it for a new edition in 1829. Part 2 was finished in 1831, a few months before he died, and was not published until a few months after his death.
Part One
We then see Faust in his study. Faust is trying to get to know all possible things. He wants to know about science, humans and religion. He tries to use magic in order to understand everything there is to know, but he thinks he is not managing to do it. For a moment he thinks of killing himself, but then hears people celebrating Easter and decides to go for a walk with Wagner, his assistant. A poodle who has no home follows Faust back to his house.
In Faust’s study, the poodle changes into the devil (Mephistopheles). Faust makes an arrangement with the devil: the devil will do everything that Faust wants while he is here on earth, In exchange Faust will serve the devil in hell. Faust's arrangement is that, while Mephistopheles is serving Faust, if Faust is so pleased with anything the devil gives him, that he wants to stay in that moment forever, he will die that very moment (in German he says: “Verweile doch, du bist so schön” – “Stay a while, you are so beautiful”. It is perhaps the most famous quotation in all German literature.)
Mephistopheles persuades Faust to sign the agreement with his own blood. Faust has a few adventures and then meets Margaret (also known as Gretchen). He loves her, and by offering her jewellery, and with help of a neighbour, Martha, Gretchen lets herself into Faust's arms. Faust and Gretchen want to sleep together, so Gretchen gives her mother a sleeping potion so that she does not see Faust. Faust and Gretchen sleep together. Gretchen’s mother dies of the potion. Gretchen discovers she is pregnant. Gretchen’s brother says Faust is bad and challenges him, but Faust kills him (with the devil’s help, of course). Gretchen has given birth to a baby, but she drowns it. She is found guilty of murder and is sent to prison. Faust tries to save her from death, but he cannot free her from prison. Finding that they cannot free her, Faust and the devil run away from the prison cell, while voices from heaven say that Gretchen shall be saved.
People’s views about Goethe’s "Faust"
Goethe’s "Faust" had an enormous influence on all art in Western countries. In Germany many writers were fascinated by the legend. They often felt that Faust represented the spirit of the German people. Dramas, epic poems and novels were written about Faust. Composers wrote operas or orchestral music about him. Thomas Mann wrote a novel "Dr Faustus" which compares Faust’s pact with the devil to the way the German people supported Hitler.
Claudemir
Claudemir is the name of: