cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Light curve
Planetology
In the study of planets (planetology), a light curve can be used to work out the rotation period of a minor planet, moon, or comet nucleus. From the Earth many objects are so small that even the most powerful telescopes are unable to see objects clearly. Because of this astronomers measure the amount of light produced by the object over a period of time, its light curve. The time between the peaks on the graph gives the rotational period of the object. The difference between the maximum and minimum brightness, the amplitude of the light curve, can be caused by either the shape of the object, or bright and dark areas on the surface. For example, an odd shaped asteroid's light curve generally has more pronounced peaks, while a more spherical object's light curve will be flatter. When the light curve covers a long period of time, it is called a secular light curve.
Botany
In botany, a light curve shows the photosynthetic response of a leaf or algae to the brightness of a light. The shape of the curve shows the principle of limiting factors. In low light, the rate of photosynthesis is limited by the amount of chlorophyll and the efficiency of the light-dependent reactions. In higher light levels it is limited by the efficiency of RuBisCO (an enzyme) and the amount of carbon dioxide. The point on the graph where these two differing lines meet is called the light saturation point. This is where the light-dependent reactions are making more ATP and NADPH than can be used by the light-independent reactions. Since photosynthesis is also limited by ambient carbon dioxide levels, light curves are often repeated at several different constant carbon dioxide concentrations.
University of Montpellier
The University of Montpellier is a French public research university in Montpellier, south-east France. Founded in 1289, it is one of the oldest universities in the world.
For 45 years from 1970 to 2015, the university was divided into three universities (University of Montpellier 1, University of Montpellier 2 and Paul Valéry University of Montpellier 3). In 2015, a new University of Montpellier was created from the first two universities. However, the Paul Valéry University of Montpellier remained a separate entity.
Wozzeck
Wozzeck is an opera by the Austrian composer Alban Berg (1885-1935). It was composed between 1914 and 1922 and first performed in 1925.
Yukon Legislative Assembly
The Yukon Legislative Assembly is the legislative assembly for Yukon, Canada. It has 19 elected members. It is presided over by the Speaker of the Yukon Legislative Assembly. There are five political parties in the territory. Three parties are represented in the legislature. The Yukon Liberal Party has a majority of the seats.
Mehri language
Mehri, or Mahri, is a Semitic language. It is spoken by tribes in Eastern Yemen and Western Oman by around 165,000 people. It has been spoken in the area since before Arabic was brought there.
Yukon Legislative Assembly
The assembly was created in 1977 by the Yukon Elections Act. Members to the assembly were first elected in a general election in 1978. The Legislative Assembly is the only legislature of Canada's territories that has political parties. The legislature for the Northwest Territories and Nunavut follow a consensus government without political parties.
Wozzeck
Berg wrote this opera before the period when he used serialism in his works. His teacher Schoenberg had not yet developed the twelve tone system. The music of Wozzeck has tonal music in the tradition of Mahler, but also some atonal music (music which is not based on any key) as well as melodies which are based on the whole tone scale. The music sounded very modern at the time it was written. Berg also writes for the voices in unusual ways: sometimes they have to half-speak, half-sing (this is called Sprechgesang).
The opera is based on a play called Woyzeck by the German playwright Georg Büchner. Woyzeck was an unusual drama because, instead of being a story about someone important such as a king or a god, it was about a poor man who is not very smart and is bullied and misused by other people. When Berg wrote the opera nearly a century later, it was still an unusual story for an opera. The heroes in operas were usually important people, while working people often had comic parts: they were often servants. But Wozzeck is a simple man who cannot help what is happening to him. In drama this is sometimes called an "anti-hero".
Act I
Scene 1 (Suite): Wozzeck is working as a barber. While he is shaving the Captain, the Captain tells Wozzeck that he thinks Wozzeck leads a bad life because he has had a child with a woman (Marie) without being married to her. Wozzeck says that it is hard for him to be good because he is poor. He reminds the Captain that Jesus said "Let the little children come to me," (Mark 10:14). The Captain is confused by this remark.
Scene 2 (Rhapsody and Hunting Song): Wozzeck and his friend Andres are cutting sticks as the sun is setting. Wozzeck has scary visions: he sees the sinking sun covering the world in flames.
Scene 3 (March and Lullaby): Soldiers march by outside Marie's room. Her neighbour, Margret, tells Marie she is bad because she is flirting with the soldiers. Then Wozzeck comes and tells Marie of the terrible visions he has had.
Scene 4 (Passacaglia): The Doctor tells Wozzeck that he should not cough in the street (Büchner wrote: “piss in the street”). He says he is doing a medical experiment. Wozzeck is so simple that he believes him. The doctor is glad to hear about Wozzeck’s terrible visions.
Scene 5 (Rondo): Marie admires the Drum-major outside her room. He wants to love her. At first she turns away from him, but then she gives in and they rush out together.
Act II
Scene 1 (Sonata-Allegro): Marie is telling her child to go to sleep while admiring earrings which the Drum-major gave her. Wozzeck arrives. He asks her where she got the earrings. She says she found them. Wozzeck does not know whether to believe her, but gives her some money and leaves. Marie knows her behaviour is wrong.
Scene 2 (Fantasia and Fugue on 3 Themes): The Doctor rushes by the Captain in the street, who tells him to slow down. The Doctor makes the Captain frightened by thinking of nasty illnesses that he might get. When Wozzeck comes, they tease him by saying that Marie loves someone else.
Scene 3 (Largo): Wozzeck talks about it to Marie. She admits that she has a boyfriend. Wozzeck is furious. He is about to hit her when she stops him, saying even her father never dared to hit her. She says: "better a knife in my belly than your hands on me". This gives Wozzeck an idea for revenge.
Scene 4 (Scherzo): Wozzeck sees Marie dancing with the Drum-major in a crowd. Andres asks Wozzeck why he is sitting by himself. A drunkard gives a sermon, then an idiot goes up to Wozzeck and says he can smell blood.
Scene 5 (Rondo): In the barracks at night, Wozzeck cannot sleep. He is keeping Andres awake. The Drum-major comes in. He is drunk. He gets Wozzeck out of bed to fight with him.
Act III
Scene 1 (Invention on a Theme): In her room at night, Marie reads to herself from the Bible. She wants to be forgiven.
Scene 2 (Invention on a Single Note (B)): Wozzeck and Marie are walking in the woods by a pond. Marie wants to leave, but Wozzeck stops her. The moon is shining bright red. Wozzeck becomes determined that if he can not have Marie, no one else can, and he stabs her.
Scene 3 (Invention on a Rhythm): People are dancing in a pub. Wozzeck enters, and when he sees Margret, he dances with her and pulls her onto his lap. He insults her, and then asks her to sing him a song. She sings, but then notices blood on his hand and elbow; everyone begins to shout at him, and Wozzeck rushes out.
Intermezzo (Invention on a Key (D minor)): This interlude leads to the finale.
Scene 5 (Invention on an Eighth-Note moto perpetuo, quasi toccata): The next morning a group of children are playing in the sunshine. People are telling one another that Marie's body has been found. The children all run off to see. Marie and Wozzeck’s little boy has been playing on a toy horse. He stops and runs after the other children to the pond.
History of the opera
Berg saw Büchner's play Woyzeck in 1914. It was the first time it had been performed in Vienna. The play had been advertised as Wozzeck because people could not read Büchner’s handwriting. This is why Berg uses this spelling for his opera.
Berg knew at once that he wanted to make the play into an opera. Büchner, who had died in 1837 at the age of 23, had left the play unfinished. Berg took fifteen scenes from the play and made them into an opera with three acts. He composed music with a particular form for each scene so that the music develops in a very organised way. He made changes to the libretto himself.
Though Berg began work on the opera in 1914, he was serving in the army during World War I, so he did not have time to continue working on it until 1917. He finished the opera in April 1922. Erich Kleiber conducted the first performance at the Berlin State Opera on December 14, 1925. It quickly became famous and was performed in all of the big opera houses in Europe. It was so successful that Berg was able to live off of the money he earned from it.
Musical style
Wozzeck was the first major opera written in a modern 20th century style. A lot of the music is atonal (not in any key) so Berg was able to use this to express the madness of Wozzeck. Sometimes the music becomes more tonal, especially when the story is telling about love and humanity. He also bases some of the music about the soldiers on folksong which he treats in his own special way.
Another musical technique he uses is the leitmotif, in which particular characters or things are linked to particular themes or musical ideas. This technique can be very useful to suggest certain things. For example, there is a leitmotif for the earrings which the Drum major has given to Marie. When the major makes love to Marie we hear this leitmotif. The music makes us realize that he is not forcing her to love him but that she is willing. In another place, the military music tells us that Marie is thinking of the Drum major.
Another leitmotif is the chord we hear when Wozzeck, near the beginning of the opera, talks about "poor folk like us". The chord we hear is used in other parts of the opera when characters are not strong enough to change their situation in life.
Robert Elsie
Robert Elsie (June 29, 1950 – October 2, 2017) was a Canadian scholar who specialized in Albanian literature and folklore. He was born in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. He was known for his works Albanian Literature : A Short History and The Highland Lute (Lahuta e Malcís): The Albanian National Epic. As a translator, Elsie offered the reader “a selection of songs from the best known cycle of Albanian epic verse”.
Elsie died of complications from ALS in Bonn, Germany on October 2, 2017 at the age of 67.
Obsteig
Obsteig is a municipality of the district of Imst in the Austrian state of Tyrol.
Larissa Volpert
Larisa Ilinichna Volpert (30 March 1926 – 1 October 2017 ) was a Soviet-Russian chess Woman Grandmaster and Soviet-Russian-Estonian philologist of Jewish descent.
She was three times Soviet women's chess champion (1954, 1958, and 1959). She earned the Woman International Master title in 1954 and the Woman Grandmaster title in 1977.
Volpert was born in Leningrad and died in Tallinn, Estonia at the age of 91.
Bernice Sandler
Bernice Resnick Sandler (March 3, 1928 – January 5, 2019) was an American women's rights activist. Sandler was best known for being the cause of the creation of Title IX, a portion of the Education Amendments of 1972.
Hutt South
Hutt South is an electorate of the New Zealand House of Representatives. It is in Lower Hutt.
Bernice Sandler
She has been called "the Godmother of Title IX" by The New York Times.
Sandler died on January 5, 2019 Washington, D.C. at the age of 90.
The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power
"The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power" is an article. It is written by U.S. journalist Richard Behar. The article is highly critical of Scientology.
It was first published by Time magazine on May 6, 1991, as an eight-page cover story. Later, it was published in Reader's Digest in October 1991. He stated that the attorneys and private investigators (affiliated with the Church of Scientology) were investigating him while researching the Time article. The investigators contacted his friends and family about him.
Agloe, New York
Agloe, New York is a made-up town in New York. It was created in the 1930s by the General Drafting Company to use in their maps as a copyright trap - a false fact that is created to see if someone copied from that source. Agloe has an important role in the book Paper Towns by John Green. The population of Agloe is 1 in the book Paper Towns.
Undervelier
Undervelier was a municipality of the district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013, the former municipalities of Undervelier, Bassecourt, Courfaivre, Glovelier and Soulce merged into the new municipality of Haute-Sorne.
Philippines at the Olympics
Philippines at the Olympics is a history which includes 23 games in 16 countries and 370+ athletes. Since 1911, the Philippines has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".
History
The Philippine National Olympic Committee was formed in 1911. It was recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1929.
Philippines's team first competed at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris.
The team did not compete in the 1980 Summer Olympics.
Filipino athletes have also been at the Winter Olympic Games three times after 1972, but not since 1994. The Philippines is the first nation in the tropics to be in the Winter Olympic Games.
Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone
A Medicane is a Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone. It is a storm in the Mediterranean Sea. These storms are similar to tropical storms and subtropical storms.
Weather scientists say there are about one or two medicanes each year. Most of them happen in September and October, when the water in the Mediterranean sea. Sometimes they happen at other times. Scientists say global climate change could make medicanes stronger.
Shehri language
Shehri, or Jibbali, is a Semitic languages. It is spoken by a small number of people in towns by the coast and in mountains in Oman.
The Westing Game
The Westing Game is a mystery novel written by Ellen Raskin. It was published in 1978 and it won the Newbery Medal in 1979. It was made into a movie which was released in 1997. This movie was released under both the names The Westing Game and Get a Clue.
Khosro Harandi
Khosro (Hosrov) Sheikh Harandi (11 September 1950 – 8 January 2019) was an Iranian chess International Master. He was a repeated Champion of Iran, he was a member of the national team in five Chess Olympiads. He also represented Iran at first board in 19th World Student Team Chess Championship at Graz 1972 (+6 –3 =3).
Harandi died on 8 January 2019 in Tehran at the age of 68.
Collins, Iowa
Collins is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Falling in Love (Uh-Oh)
"Falling in Love (Uh-Oh)" is a 1986 song by Miami Sound Machine featuring Gloria Estefan and taken from their 9th studio album Primitive Love. It went to number 22 in Belgium, number 25 in the United States, number 26 in the Netherlands and number 89 in the United Kingdom. It did not chart in Australia or New Zealand.
Qatar at the Olympics
Qatar at the Olympics is a history which includes 8 games in 7 countries and 100+ athletes. Since 1979, Oman has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".
The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Qatar is QAT.
History
The Qatar Olympic Committee was formed in 1979 and recognized by the IOC in 1980.
Arthur Janov
Arthur "Art" Janov ((August 21, 1924 – October 1, 2017) was an American psychologist, psychotherapist, and the creator of primal therapy, a treatment for mental illness that involves repeatedly descending into, feeling, and experiencing long-repressed childhood pain. He was born in Los Angeles, California.
Qatar at the Olympics
History
After the 2008 Summer Olympics, Qatar was, along with Saudi Arabia and Brunei, one of only three countries to never send a female athlete to the Olympic Games. The International Olympic Committee in 2010 said it would "press" these countries to have women's participate. Then the Qatar Olympic Committee said it "hoped to send up to four female athletes in shooting and fencing" to the 2012 Summer Games in London.
Arthur Janov
Janov directed a psychotherapy institute called the Primal Center in Santa Monica, California. Janov was the author of many books, most notably The Primal Scream (1970).
Rubella
Rubella (also known as German measles) is a disease caused by the Rubella virus.
Arthur Janov
Janov died in his sleep of respiratory arrest after suffering a stroke at his home in Malibu, California on October 1, 2017 at the age of 93.
Rubella
It is often mild and an attack can pass unnoticed. However, this can make the virus very difficult to diagnose.
Rubella can also be transmitted from a mother to her developing baby (fetus) through the placenta. This can be very dangerous to the fetus, especially if the mother gets rubella early on in her pregnancy. Rubella can cause deafness, heart problems, intellectual disability, and many other problems in developing fetuses.
The virus has an incubation period of 2 to 3 weeks during which it becomes established. Common symptoms are a red/pink rash, swollen lymph nodes, and a high fever.
The disease is named German measles because it has a similar red rash to measles and was first described in detail by German doctors.
Eliminated in North and South America
On April 29, 2015, it was announced that rubella has been eliminated in North American and South America. A scientific group of experts said it took 15 years of work for this to happen. Among the groups are: Pan American Health Organization, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, UNICEF, and the United Nations Foundation.
Listed building
A listed building, in the United Kingdom, is a building that has been placed on the Statutory List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest. This is a list of buildings that are important in terms of architecture, history, or culture. There are many buildings on this list. In the UK, there are about 500,000 listed buildings.
In England and Wales, there are three kinds of listed buildings: There used to be a fourth kind of listed building: Grade III. This type has not been used since 1970.
Laoag
Laoag, officially the City of Laoag (Siudad ti Laoag), is a city and the capital of the province of Ilocos Norte, Philippines.
2020 Peruvian protests
The 2020 Peruvian protests were a series of demonstrations caused after the removal of President Martín Vizcarra. These started on November 9, 2020.
Massive protests were seen in many cities of the country, to show their anger at the president's vacancy and reject the inauguration of the president of Congress, Manuel Merino.
Military academy
Earlier, the academies were established in the 18th century to provide new officers for technically specialized corps, such as military engineers and artillery, with scientific training.
In the United States, the United States Military Academy (USMA) is one such institution. It is located at West Point, New York. It was founded on March 16, 1802. It is one of five service academies in the nation.
Rhinestone (movie)
Rhinestone is a 1984 American musical comedy movie directed by Bob Clark and starring Sylvester Stallone, Dolly Parton, Richard Farnsworth, Ron Leibman. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox and was a box office failure.
Ben Casey
Ben Casey is an American medical drama television series. It ran on ABC from 1961 to 1966. The series starred Vince Edwards and Sam Jaffe.
Ben Casey is a young, intense but idealistic surgeon at County General Hospital. His mentor is Doctor David Zorba, At the beginning of the 1965 season, Jaffe left the show and Franchot Tone replaced him as new Chief of Surgery, Doctor Daniel Niles Freeland. The show began running multi-episode stories and Casey developed a romantic relationship with a patient who had just emerged from a coma after thirteen years.
In 1988, the television movie, The Return of Ben Casey, with Vince Edwards in his role as Casey, aired in television syndication. The pilot was not picked up by the major networks to bring the series back.
Doug Mohns
Douglas Allen "Diesel" Mohns (December 13, 1933 – February 7, 2014) was an Canadian-born American professional ice hockey player. He played 22 seasons in the National Hockey League from 1953–54 to 1974–75.
Mohns twice won the most coveted prize in junior hockey, the Memorial Cup. He played on the 1951 and 1953 Barrie Flyers teams.
He died on February 7, 2014 at the age of 80.
Selous' zebra
The Selous' zebra (Equus quagga borensis) is one of the six subspecies of the plains zebra (Equus quagga). Selous' Zebra is a critically endangered species. These are often confused with the Damaraland zebras (Equus quagga antiquorum), and the Chapman Zebra (Equus quagga chapmani). The Selous' Zebra's belly is partly striped and they have clean black and white banding. They do not have the brown shadow stripes of the Chapman Zebra.
Selous's Zebra lives in the northwest of Kenya, parts of Uganda, and the southeast of Sudan.
City of Lancaster
The City of Lancaster (2002 population: 133,914) is a local government district in Lancashire, England. Its main town is Lancaster, from which it obtained its city status. Other towns in the district include Morecambe, Heysham, Slyne, and Carnforth.
History
The district was made on April 1 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, when the boroughs of Lancaster and Morecambe and Heysham, along with Carnforth urban district, Lancaster Rural District and Lunesdale Rural District joined together.
Newfields, New Hampshire
Newfields is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2020 census, 1,769 people lived there.
Ryan Dempster
Ryan Scott Dempster (born May 3, 1977 in Gibsons, British Columbia) is a Canadian baseball player. As of 2013, he is a pitcher for the Boston Red Sox of Major League Baseball.
Career
Dempster was drafted by the Texas Rangers in the 3rd round of the 1995 MLB Draft. On August 8, 1996, the Rangers traded him along with Rick Helling to the Marlins for John Burkett. He made his MLB debut for the Florida Marlins on May 23, 1998. He would play for the Marlins from 1998 to 2002.
On July 11, 2002, Dempster was traded to the Cincinnati Reds in exchange for Juan Encarnacion, Wilton Guerrero and Ryan Snare. He played for the Reds from 2002 to 2003. In August 2003, he underwent Tommy John surgery on his right elbow and missed the rest of the season.
He was then released by the Reds and was signed by the Chicago Cubs as a free agent on January 21, 2004. He played for the Cubs from 2004 to 2012 and was then traded to the team that drafted him, the Texas Rangers.
He only played a year with the Rangers however and signed a two-year contract worth $26.5 million with the Boston Red Sox after the 2012 season.
Personal
In early June 2009, he released a statement in which he explained the his daughter, Riley Dempster, had DiGeorge syndrome. He released the statement because he wanted to help raise awareness of the genetic disease. When he was asked if his daughter would be able to lead a normal life, he replied, "Yeah, she will. There can be (problems), but so far all the signs are good. There’s a lot of work to do. They say there are 186 symptoms you can have. You just check off ones as you go along". His daughter was able to go home in early June after 2 months in the hospital.
Chief Minister of the Isle of Man
The Chief Minister (Manx: Ard-choylargh) is the executive head of the Isle of Man Government. He is the Prime Minister of the island.
The Rat Race
The Rat Race is a 1960 American romantic comedy-drama movie directed by Robert Mulligan and was based on the play by Garson Kanin. It stars Tony Curtis, Debbie Reynolds, Jack Oakie, Kay Medford, Don Rickles, Norman Fell, Marjorie Bennett and was distributed by Paramount Pictures.
Chief Minister of the Isle of Man
The Chief Minister is appointed by the Lieutenant Governor on the nomination of Tynwald after a general election of the House of Keys. He holds office until the next general election (i.e., for 5 years), and is eligible for re-appointment, but may be removed from office by Tynwald on a vote of no confidence in the Council of Ministers.
Matsui Keishirō
Matsui Keishirō (松井慶四郎, 28 March 1868 - 4 June 1946) was a Japanese diplomat during the Showa period and later Minister of Foreign Affairs. He graduated from the Law School of Tokyo Imperial University in 1889, and entered the Foreign Ministry the same year. In 1890, he was given a post in the Japanese embassy in Seoul in 1890, and in 1895 was sent to the United States. In April 1889, he served in London. In 1902, he was re-assigned to Beijing. He returned to Japan in 1913.
During World War I, Matsui served as Japanese Ambassador to France from November, 1915. When he finished this mission, he was awarded with the title of baron (danshaku) under the kazoku peerage system. He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 7 January to 11 June 1924 under the government of Kiyoura Keigo.
Mary Catherine Bateson
Mary Catherine Bateson (December 8, 1939 – January 2, 2021) was an American writer and cultural anthropologist.
Oetz
Oetz is a municipality of the district Imst in the Austrian state of Tyrol.
Mary Catherine Bateson
Bateson published many monographs. A well-known book she wrote is With a Daughter's Eye: A Memoir of Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson. In it, she tells what is it like, to have parents that are famous.
She taught at Harvard, Amherst, and George Mason University, among others. Bateson was a fellow of the International Leadership Forum and was president of the Institute for Intercultural Studies in New York until 2010. ''
Bateson died on January 2, 2021, in her home in Dartmouth, New Hampshire from problems caused by a fall, aged 81.
St Albans
St Albans is the main urban area of the City and District of St Albans in Hertfordshire, England. It is 22 miles (35 km) north of London. St Albans is the former Roman town of Verulamium.
Sansad Marg
Sansad Marg (Parliament Street) is a street in New Delhi, India. The street gets its name from the Parliament House (Sansad Bhavan).
St Albans
History
It was originally named Verlamion by the Celtic Catuvellauni tribe, and Verulamium by the Romans. It was the first major town on the old Roman road of Watling Street for travellers heading north.
Many of the Roman walls were knocked down by William the Conqueror and used to build St Albans Abbey, otherwise known as St Albans Cathedral. The town had many notable buildings but most were knocked down by Henry VIII. The only building left is the abbey. Though many other buildings have been built nearby Ye Old Fighting Cocks, which claims to be the oldest pub in the UK, a Roman amphitheatre and hypocaust floor, a disused bear baiting square in Verulamium Park, and the imposing Rats Castle at the top of Hatfield Road as well as Roman Verulanium Museum
The bones of St. Alban, the first English martyr, were kept in the Abbey in a shrine, but were stolen during the 19th century.They were smuggled out of the country into Munich. A few years ago The German Cathedral sent the shoulder bone of St. Alban and it is kept in the shrine behind a curtain
Now, due to its proximity to London, St. Albans is a commuter town.
St Albans School
St Albans School is a public school. It occupies a site to the west of the Abbey, which includes the 14th century Abbey Gateway. The school was founded in AD 948 and is the only school in the English-speaking world to have educated a Pope. Adrian IV was the only Englishman to become Pope.
Shanghai Tower
Shanghai Tower is a 632 m, 128-story megatall skyscraper in Shanghai. As of 2015, it is the world's tallest building, by height to highest usable floor (Level 121: 561.25m).
Records
It also has the world's highest observation deck within a building or structure (Level 121, 561.25 m), and the world's fastest elevators at a top speed of 20.5 m/s (74 km/h).
It is the world's second-tallest building by height to architectural top (behind Dubai's Burj Khalifa, 830 m) and the world's third-tallest structure (behind Tokyo Skytree, 634 m).
Background
Designed by international design firm Gensler and owned by the Shanghai city government, it is the tallest of the world's first triple-adjacent super-tall buildings in Pudong, the other two being the Jin Mao Tower and the Shanghai World Financial Center. Its tiered construction, designed for high energy efficiency, provides nine separate zones divided between office, retail and leisure use.
Construction work on the tower began in November 2008 and topped out on 3 August 2013. The exterior was completed in summer 2015, and work was considered complete in September 2015. Although the building was originally scheduled to open to the public in November 2014, the actual public-use date slipped considerably. The observation deck was opened to visitors in July 2016; the period from July through September 2016 was termed a "test run" or "commissioning" period.
Harsusi language
Harsusi is a Semitic language. It is spoken by fewer than 1,000 people in the deserts of South-Central Oman. It is a lot like Mehri.
Julie Payette
Payette has completed two spaceflights, STS-96 and STS-127, logging more than 25 days in space. She served as chief astronaut for the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), and has served as capsule communicator at NASA Mission Control Center in Houston.
Diesel generator
A diesel generator is a diesel-electric system, a diesel engine that powers a electrical generator to produce electricity. Diesel generators are located at places where there is no electricity supply from the electrical grid or for emergency supply if there is problem with the normal electricity supply. Diesel generator is often referred as generator set or genset for short, which is a combination of diesel generator with its supporting equipment, such as base, canopy, control system, sound attenuation, circuit breaker, starting system, exhaust system, diesel fuel supply etc.
Missionaries of Charity
Missionaries of Charity (MC) is a Roman Catholic Latin rite congregation started on 7 October in 1950. It was founded by Mother Teresa. It started in the slums of Kolkata (Calcutta, India) with Mother Teresa and 12 sisters. It now has a membership of nearly 5,000 sisters worldwide. Members of the religious order show they belong to this group using the order's initials, "M.C." A sister who belongs to MC must follow their vows of chastity, poverty and obedience. There is also a fourth vow, to give "wholehearted free service to the poorest of the poor." MC members all wear the same white and blue habit that Mother Teresa wore.
Say Goodbye to Hollywood
"Say Goodbye to Hollywood" is a 1976 song by Billy Joel and taken from his fourth studio Turnstiles and from his live album Songs in the Attic. It went to number 46 in Australia in 1976 and number 17 in the United States and number 27 in Canada. It was covered by Bette Midler in 1977.
Missionaries of Charity
From one to three stripes
In 1948 Mother Teresa changed her Sisters of Loreto habit to a simple cotton white sari with one blue stripe. Blue is the color of the Virgin Mary. The sari covered an all white habit. She (and later, her sisters of charity) wore the habit for over ten years. But parents of several Bengali sisters pointed out that the sari with one blue stripe was also worn by poor women who swept the streets of Calcutta. Mother Teresa and her sisters officially adopted the three blue stripes in 1960.
Rindge, New Hampshire
Rindge is a town in Cheshire County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2010 census, 6,014 people lived there.
Holborn
Holborn is an area of Central London, England. Holborn is also the name of the area's principal east-west street. The street runs from St Giles's High Street as High Holborn to Gray's Inn Road to Holborn Viaduct. It crosses the borders of the City of Westminster, London Borough of Camden and the City of London.
Country code
Country codes are in most times created by few letters or numbers that represent geographical codes (geocodes) of countries that use certain country code, it is in use in data processing and communications. There are few different systems created for this. The most known is ISO 3166-1. The term country code often refers to international dialing codes.
Steven Stamkos
Steven Christopher Stamkos (born February 7, 1990, in Markham, Ontario) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre. He currently plays for the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League (NHL) where he serves as their captain.
Career
Before playing in the NHL, Stamkos played two seasons with the Sarnia Sting of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). During his time with Sarnia, Stamkos was able to win the Jack Ferguson Award in 2006 for being the top draft pick in the Ontario Hockey League Priority Selection Draft and the Bobby Smith Trophy in 2007 for Scholastic Player of the Year.
He was drafted by the Tampa Bay Lightning with the 1st overall pick in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft. He won the Maurice "Rocket" Richard Trophy in 2010 and 2012. Stamkos broke his tibia in a game against the Boston Bruins on November 11, 2013. His left skate hit the post of the Bruins' net before his right leg hit the post. He tried to stand up twice but fell down in pain. He was then stretchered out of the arena to applause from the crowd. He successfully had surgery on his right tibia in Boston on November 12, 2013. He was hoping to play for 2014 Canadian Olympic Hockey Team after being named to the team but was unable after a CT scan determined that he could not play.
Colo, Iowa
Colo is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Robert Gover
Robert Gover (November 2, 1929 – January 12, 2015) was an American journalist. He became a best-selling novelist at age 30. He was known for his books One Hundred Dollar Misunderstanding and Time and Money.
Evolutionary developmental biology
Evolutionary developmental biology interprets development in the light of evolution and modern genetics. It is called for short 'evo-devo'.
In On the Origin of Species (1859), Charles Darwin proposed evolution through natural selection, a theory central to modern biology. Darwin recognised the importance of embryonic development in the understanding of evolution:
Ernst Haeckel (1866) proposed that "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny", that is, the development of the embryo of every species (ontogeny) repeats the evolutionary development of that species (phylogeny). Haeckel's concept explained, for example, why humans, and indeed all vertebrates, have gill slits and tails early in embryonic development. His theory has since been largely discredited.
The modern evolutionary synthesis
A renewed interest in the evolution of development came after the modern evolutionary synthesis (roughly 1936 to 1947). The conventional view had been that evo-devo had little influence on the evolutionary synthesis, but the following suggests otherwise.
Gavin de Beer
In Embryos and evolution (1930) Gavin de Beer stressed the importance of heterochrony, and especially paedomorphosis in evolution.
According to his theories, paedomorphosis (the retention of juvenile features in the adult form) is important in evolution because juvenile tissues are relatively undifferentiated and capable of further evolution, whereas highly specialised tissues are less able to change.
He also conceived the idea of clandestine evolution, which helped to explain the sudden changes in the fossil record which were apparently at odds with Darwin's gradualist theory of evolution.
If a novelty were to evolve gradually in an animal's juvenile form, then its development might not appear in the fossil record at all, but if the species were then to undergo neoteny, in which sexual maturity is reached while in a juvenile form, then the feature would appear suddenly in the fossil record, despite having evolved gradually.
Stephen Jay Gould called this approach to explaining evolution as terminal addition; as if every evolutionary advance was added as new stage by reducing the duration of the older stages. The idea was based on observations of neoteny. This was extended by the more general idea of heterochrony (changes in timing of development) as a mechanism for evolutionary change.
Neoteny and Man
It has often been suggested that the human species is, at least to some extent, an example of neoteny. These features of adult humans are different from those of adult great apes, but more similar to those of juvenile apes:
These are some of the neotenous traits in humans: flattened face, broadened face, large brain, hairless body, hairless face, small nose, reduction of brow ridge, small teeth, small upper jaw (maxilla), small lower jaw (mandible), thinness of skull bones, limbs proportionately short compared to torso length, longer leg than arm length, larger eyes, and upright stance.
E.B. Lewis
Modern interest in evo-devo springs from clear proof that development is closely controlled by special genetic systems involving hox genes.
In a series of experiments with the fruit-fly Drosophila, Edward B. Lewis was able to identify a complex of genes whose proteins bind to the regulatory regions of target genes. The latter then activate or repress systems of cellular processes that accomplish the final development of the organism.
Furthermore, the sequence of these control genes show co-linearity: the order of the loci in the chromosome parallels the order in which the loci are expressed in segments along the body. Not only that, but this cluster of master control genes programs the development of all higher organisms.
In 2000, a special section of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) was devoted to evo-devo, and an entire 2005 issue of the Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution was devoted to the key evo-devo topics of evolutionary innovation and morphological novelty.
El Escorial
El Escorial is a famous royal site in Spain. It was built in the late 1500s. El Escorial is a monastery, a royal palace, a museum and a school. It is located about 45 km northwest of the Spanish capital, Madrid, in the town of San Lorenzo de El Escorial. Five miles from the main building is a hunting lodge called Granjilla de La Fresneda, which is also part of the Escorial.
Architecture
The building was designed by the architect Juan Bautista de Toledo to the plans of King Philip II. El Escorial is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is a very popular tourist attraction.
El Escorial was one of 100 finalists for the 12 Treasures of Spain in 2007.
Óscar González-Quevedo
González-Quevedo died on January 9, 2019 from heart disease in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, aged 88.
Division of South Sydney
The Division of South Sydney was an Australian Electoral Division for the Australian House of Representatives in the state of New South Wales. The division was created in 1901. It was abolished in 1934. It was named for Southern Sydney. It was located in the south of Sydney. The Division of Watson (1934–69) replaced it when it was abolished.
Canton of Schaffhausen
Schaffhausen is a canton of Switzerland. The capital city of the canton is Schaffhausen.
Geography
The canton of Schaffhausen is the canton of Switzerland farthest north, located to the north of Zurich.
The Rhine Falls are the largest waterfalls in Europe and lie on the border of the canton of Schaffhausen, the canton of Zurich and Germany.
Obdulio Varela
Obdulio Jacinto Muiños Varela (September 20, 1917 — August 2, 1996) was a Uruguayan football player. He was the captain of the Uruguayan national team that won the 1950 World Cup after beating Brazil in the decisive final round match popularly known as the Maracanazo. He was nicknamed "El Negro Jefe" (The Black Chief) because of his dark skin and the influence he had on the pitch, especially during the unlikely victory over Brazil. He was of African, Spanish and Greek ancestry. Commonly regarded as one of the greatest classic holding midfielders, Varela was adept in defence and was renowned for his tenacity and leadership. He was the archetype of No. 5, superb at shielding his defence and linking play to the midfield. Rough and pugnacious central midfielder (centromediano), his tendency to lead the team from the field, following his role as captain, and he was considered by many as one of the most complete Uruguayan central midfielders. He is regarded as one of the greatest captains in football history, and "he remains one of the biggest sporting heroes in Uruguay".
Early personal life
Obdulio Varela, who, contrary to custom in Spanish-speaking countries, is known by the maternal part of his surname, was born in Barrio La Teja, Montevideo on September 20, 1917. He comes from a family of ten brothers. His parents lived separately. After he worked as an 8-year-old to improve the financial situation, he began to earn his money with the car care at the Hotel del Prado at the age of 13, then he sold newspapers in Paso Molino.
Club career
After first playing football in the local quarter in smaller teams such as Fortaleza, Dublin and Pascual Somma, he joined what was then in the Divisional de intermedia in 1936 Club Deportivo Juventud, which plays for Asociación Uruguaya de Fútbol. He then moved to the Montevideo Wanderers, where he began his professional career, playing for a total of five seasons. In 1938 he made his debut there. Varela completed 139 games for the club in which he scored 13 goals. He then joined Peñarol. He was a member of the Aurinegros from 1943 to 1955 and was Uruguayan champion six times with the club and he was renowned as a fair player with passion with great ball skills, playing in defence and offense, his great passing and goalscoring ability. Ten years later, his nephew Luis Varela, who had previously played for Liverpool FC, also joined Peñarol.
International career
Varela also had African ancestry and was nicknamed El Negro Jefe (The Black Boss) because of his dark skin and leadership on the court. He was characterized by the fact that he showed a high willingness to run and was outstanding in both defensive and offensive areas. Already at the age of 21 he became a national player and played for the Celeste for the first time in 1939. At the South American Championships in 1939, 1941, 1942, 1945 and 1946 he was a member of the Uruguayan squad. In 1942 he won the title with the team. In 1940, 1946 and 1948 he successfully led the national team from Uruguay to the Baron de Rio Branco Cup. The highlight of his career was the 1950 World Cup, when Uruguay defeated the Brazilian team 2-1 at the Maracana Stadium in Rio de Janeiro. Varela was the captain of this team and led it to victory. In the crucial last game of the final group of four (everyone against everyone else), Brazil needed only a draw against Uruguay to become world champions and were up 1-0 early in the second half. But Uruguay prevailed, scoring twice in front of a crowd of 200,000.
This victory, also known as the “Maracanaço”, was considered a miracle. It made a myth and immortalized Varela in the eyes of Uruguay's football-loving population. At the age of 36 he traveled to Switzerland with the national team to defend the title at the 1954 World Cup. At the time, he was the oldest player to have ever played in a World Cup. Scotland and Czechoslovakia were easily beaten in the preliminary round before Uruguay beat England 4-2 in the quarter-finals. Varela sustained a leg injury in that game. There were no substitutes back then, so he had to play the full 90 minutes heavily bandaged to the end.
Varela and two other key players did not recover in time for the semi-final against Hungary, and Uruguay lost 4-2 after extra time. Varela ended his World Cup career undefeated after seven games. Overall, Varela completed 45 international matches from his debut on January 29, 1939 to his last match on June 26, 1954, in which he scored nine goals.
Managerial career
In 1955, when he retired from football, Varela briefly tried to retrain as a coach on the Peñarol bench, with Roque Maspoli, but he quickly abandoned the idea.
Death
Varela died on August 2, 1996. His remains are buried at Cementerio del Cerro, Montevideo.
Club
Peñarol
International
Uruguay
David Doyle (judge)
David Doyle QC was the First Deemster of the Isle of Man. He was appointed in 2010 and used to be a partner of in the law firm of Dickinson, Cruickshank & Co from 1985 - 2010. He was called to the Bar (Gray's Inn) in 1982 and the Manx Bar in 1984.
In November 2010 it was announced that he would take up the position of First Deemster following the death of Michael Kerruish earlier in the year. Doyle was sworn in on December 20, 2010. His appointment ended on July 31st 2018.
Bokermannohyla gouveai
The Itatiaina tree frog (Bokermannohyla gouveai) is a frog that lives in Brazil.
Rietz
Rietz is a municipality of the district Imst in the Austrian state of Tyrol.
Khat
Khat is a flowering plant native to tropical East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. It is also known as qat, qaat, quat, gat, jaad, chat, chad, chaad and miraa. The plant is grown commercially in Kenya, Ethiopia, Oman, and Yemen.
Problems
There are some problems with Khat. People can become psychologically addicted to the drug. Many anti-drug organisations, such as the Drug Enforcement Administration target this drug. It is illegal to use in many countries, though not in Yemen.
Khat is very popular in Yemen. Much of the country's farming resources are used for it because farmers get more money than for other cash crop s. It is estimated that 40% of the country's water supply goes towards irrigating it. Its production is said to increase by about 10% to 15% every year. It uses so much water that groundwater levels in the Sana'a basin are getting lower. For this reason, government officials have proposed to move large portions of the population of Sana'a to the coast of the Red Sea.