cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Instant Runoff Voting
While theoretically simple, instant runoff voting often requires computers because the rankings on each ballot matter for determining the elimination order and can not be counted in aggregate. Opponents of Instant runoff voting often oppose computer counting of ballots, since it is difficult for ordinary citizens to count the ballots by hand and catch any fraud. The fact that a candidate has fewer votes does not mean the candidate is less popular but that the candidate was squeezed out on both sides of the political spectrum. Instant runoff voting can eliminate centrists in the last elimination.
Prithvi
Prithvi is the name for the goddess of the Earth in Hinduism.
Dorf an der Pram
Dorf an der Pram is a municipality in the district of Schärding in the Austrian state of Upper Austria.
Prithvi
The goddess prithvi is also called Devi basundhara, mata dharitri and bhoomidevi.
Dorf an der Pram
Geography
Dorf an der Pram lies in the Innviertel. About 8 percent of the municipality is forest, and 80 percent is farmland.
2004 Summer Olympics
The 2004 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad, were held in Athens, Greece from August 13, 2004, until August 29, 2004. It was the first time since 1896 that the Olympics were held in Greece. 10,625 athletes took part. There were 301 medal events.
Tasmanian oak
Tasmanian oak (or Australian oak) is hardwood timber made from some types of Eucalyptus trees in Tasmania. The trees for making Tasmanian oak are Eucalyptus regnans, Eucalyptus obliqua or Eucalyptus delegatensis. It is a light-coloured type of wood. It is used for building, furniture and paper.
2004 Summer Olympics
Bids
The four other candidate cities were Rome, Cape Town, Stockholm, and Buenos Aires. Six other cities had applied, but were turned down by the IOC in 1996. These cities were Istanbul, Lille, Rio de Janeiro, San Juan, Seville, and Saint Petersburg.
Athens won every round of voting and easily beat Rome in round 5, the final vote. Round 2 was to settle a tie break between Cape Town and Buenos Aires from round 1.
Tasmanian oak
Wood from the same species of trees in Victoria is called Victorian ash.
2004 Summer Olympics
Medal count
The ranking in this table is based on information provided by the International Olympic Committee.
The total number of bronze medals is greater than the total of gold or silver because in boxing and judo, two bronze medals were awarded in each weight class.
Medal numbers shown in bold are the highest in their section. Greece, the host nation is highlighted in <font style="background:#ccccff">lavender .
Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia (Mongolian:, Öbür mongul; ; occasionally romanized to Nei Mongol) is the Mongol autonomous region of the People's Republic of China and lies in the north of the country.
Inner Mongolia borders, from east to west, the provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and Gansu, while to the north it borders Mongolia and Russia. It is the third-largest subdivision of China spanning almost 300 million acres or 12% of China's land area. It has a population of about 24 million. The capital is Hohhot.
The majority of the population in the region are Han Chinese, with a large Mongol minority. The official languages are Standard Mandarin and Mongolian, the latter written in the classical alphabet.
Name
In Chinese, the region is known as "Inner Mongolia", where the terms of "Inner/Outer" come from Manchu dorgi/tulergi. Inner Mongolia is distinct from Outer Mongolia, which was a term used by the Republic of China and previous governments to refer to what is now the independent state of Mongolia plus the Republic of Tuva in Russia. In Mongolian, the region is known as öbör mongγol where öbör can mean south, inner, front, bosom, breast.
Varaha
Hindus believe that Vishnu had many important Avatars, and the Varaha avatar was the third avatar of Vishnu. In this avatar, Vishnu took the form of a black varaha. Varaha is a Sanskrit language word
Inner Mongolia
Demography
Han Chinese are the largest ethnic group, about 80% of the population. Mongols are the second largest ethnic group, about 17% of the population. There are more Mongols living in Inner Mongolia than in the independent nation of Outer Mongolia.
Excludes members of the People's Liberation Army in active service.
Tourism
In the capital city Hohhot:
Elsewhere in Inner Mongolia:
Daitya
A Daitya, according to Hinduism, is a type of giant that fought against the gods.
Trade name
A trade name, trading name, or business name is a pseudonym used by companies that do not operate under their registered company name. The term for this type of alternative name is a "fictitious" business name. Registering the fictitious name with a relevant government body is often required.
In a number of countries, the phrase "trading as" (abbreviated to t/a) is used to designate a trade name. In the United States, the phrase "doing business as" (abbreviated to DBA, dba, d.b.a. or d/b/a) is used, among others, such as assumed business name or fictitious business name. In Canada, "operating as" (abbreviated to o/a) and "trading as" are used, although "doing business as" is also sometimes used.
A company typically uses a trade name to conduct business using a simpler name rather than using their formal and often lengthier name. Trade names are also used when a preferred name cannot be registered, often because it may already be registered or is too similar to a name that is already registered.
Legal agreements (such as contracts) are normally made using the registered legal name of the business. If a corporation fails to consistently adhere to such important legal formalities like using its registered legal name in contracts, it may be subject to piercing of the corporate veil.
In English, trade names are generally treated as proper nouns.
Jay Baruchel
Jonathan Adam Saunders "Jay" Baruchel (born April 9, 1982) is a Canadian actor and screenwriter. He has appearded in the well-known movies Million Dollar Baby (2004), Knocked Up (2007), Tropic Thunder (2008), The Trotsky (2009), Fanboys (2009), She's Out of My League (2010), How to Train Your Dragon (2010), The Sorcerer's Apprentice (2010) and This Is the End (2013).
Baruchel was born in Ottawa, Ontario. He grew up and still lives in the Notre-Dame-de-Grâce neighbourhood of Montreal, Quebec. He is of is French, German, Irish and Jewish (Sephardi) ancestry. He was engaged to actress Alison Pill from 2010 to 2013. He is an agnostic.
He appears in the two short films entitled 'The Watchmaker' and 'The Office of the Watchmaker' on the Canadian Band Rush live DVD/Blu-ray of 'Clockwork Angels Tour' released in 2013. The films were shown at the intermission and at the end of the concert.
Latifur Rahman (businessman)
Latifur Rahman (28 August 1945 – 1 July 2020) was a Bangladeshi businessman. From 2014 to 2017, he was a member of the International Chamber of Commerce. He was the chairman of Transcom Group.
Rahman died from an illness at his home in the Comilla District, Bangladesh at the age of 74.
Merl Reagle
Merl Reagle (January 5, 1950 – August 22, 2015) was an American crossword constructor. He was best known for his family-friendly themes.
For 30 years, he constructed a puzzle every Sunday for the San Francisco Chronicle (originally the San Francisco Examiner), which he syndicated to more than 50 Sunday newspapers, including the Washington Post, the Los Angeles Times, the Philadelphia Inquirer, the Seattle Times, The Plain Dealer, the Hartford Courant, the New York Observer, and the Arizona Daily Star.
Reagle died August 22, 2015, after being hospitalized two days earlier for acute pancreatitis in Tampa, Florida, aged 65.
Malters
Malters is a municipality in the district of Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.
Bonstetten, Bavaria
Bonstetten (Swabian: Bõĩschteeda ) is a municipality in the district of Augsburg in Bavaria in Germany.
Newport, Isle of Wight
Newport is the county town of the Isle of Wight, an island off the south coast of England. Newport has a population of 23,957 according to the 2001 census. The town is slightly to the north of the centre of the island, at the head of the navigable section of the River Medina, which flows northward to the Solent, and on which the town has a quay.
Montauban
Montauban (Montalban) is a commune in the Tarn-et-Garonne department in the Midi-Pyrénées region in southern France. It is the préfecture (capital) of the department.
The town, built mainly with reddish bricks, is on the right bank of the Tarn river at its confluence with the Tescou. It was one of the first bastides in history.
History
Together with Mont-de-Marsan, Montauban is one of the oldest towns with walls (a bastide) in southern France. It was founded in 1144 by Alphonse Jourdain, Count of Toulouse. Most of the inhabitants came from Montauriol, a village which had grown up around the neighbouring monastery of St Théodard.
In 1360, under the Treaty of Brétigny, the town was given to the English; they were expelled by the inhabitants in 1414. In 1560 the bishops became Protestants; ten years later it became one of the four Huguenot strongholds under the Peace of Saint-Germain, and formed a small independent republic.
In 1790, Montauban was in the Lot department as the capital of a district; with the creation of the arrondissements in 1800, Montauban became a sous-préfecture in the Lot department. When Napoleon created the Tarn-et-Garonne department in 1809, Montauban became the préfecture (capital) of the new department.
Geography
Montauban is at about 50 km to the north of Toulouse, on the confluence of the Tescou and the Tarn rivers, and at 80 km from Agen (préfecture of the Lot-et-Garonne), 76 km from Albi (préfecture of the Tarn) and at about 60 km from Cahors (préfecture of the Lot).
It has an area of 135.17 km2 and its average altitude is 140 m; at the city hall, the altitude is 103 m.
Montauban is surrounded by the communes Villemade, Piquecos, Lamothe-Capdeville, Albias, Saint-Étienne-de-Tulmont, Léojac, Saint-Nauphary,Corbarieu,Bressols, Lacourt-Saint-Pierre, Montbeton and Albefeuille-Lagarde.
Climate
The climate of Montauban, in the Köppen climate classification, is Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers.
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Montauban is 708.7 mm. The month with the most precipitation on average is October with 71.1 mm of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is February with an average of 48.3 mm.
The average temperature for the year in Montauban is 13.6 °C. The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of 22.3 °C. The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of 5.6 °C.
Population
The inhabitants of Montauban are known, in French, as Montalbanais (women: Montalbanaises).
With a population of 58,826, Montauban has a population density of inhabitants/km2.
Evolution of the population in Montauban
Administration
It is part of the intercommunality Le Grand Montauban (Communauté d'agglomération du Grand Montauban).
Sister cities
Montauban is twinned with:
Places of interest
Some interesting places in Montauban are:
Châteauredon
Châteauredon is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in southeastern France.
The Asse River forms the south-eastern border.
Manu (Hinduism)
Manu is a term found in Hinduism.
It has various meanings in different mythologies. In early texts, it refers to the archetypal man, or to the first man on Earth.
Kremlin, Oklahoma
Kremlin is a town in Oklahoma in the United States.
Waukomis, Oklahoma
Waukomis is a town in Oklahoma in the United States.
Chevrolet Bel Air
The Chevrolet Bel Air is a full-size car produced for 25 years from the 1950 to 1975 model years.
In 1975, it was succeeded by the Chevrolet Impala.
Bob Janecyk
Robert T. Janecyk (born May 18, 1957 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American retired professional ice hockey goaltender. Janecyk played 110 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Chicago Black Hawks and the Los Angeles Kings.
Before he played in the NHL, Janecyk played at Chicago State University. He also played for the Fort Wayne Komets and Flint Generals of the IHL, as well as the New Brunswick Hawks, Springfield Indians, and the New Haven Nighthawks of the AHL. During his time with the New Brunswick Hawks in the 1981–82 AHL season, he won the Harry "Hap" Holmes Memorial Award. He also won the Ken McKenzie Trophy in the 1979-80 IHL season during his time with the Fort Wayne Komets. He retired from professional ice hockey in 1988.
Mrs Beeton
Mrs Beeton (born Isabella Mary Mayson, 12 March 1836 – 6 February 1865) was known around the world as Mrs Beeton. She was the English author of Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management, and is one of the most famous cookbook writers.
Background
Isabella was born at 24 Milk Street, Cheapside, London, England. Her father, Benjamin Mayson, died when she was young and her mother, Elizabeth Jerram later married Henry Dorling, who was a widower and he had four children of his own. They lived in Epsom, Surrey where Henry was Clerk of Epsom Racecourse. Isabella was sent to school in Heidelberg, Germany, where she became a very good pianist. When she finished school, she went back to Epsom.
Marriage and career
Isabella's husband, Samuel Orchart Beeton, was also born in Milk Street. Even after the move to Epsom the two mothers of Samuel and Isabella kept talking to one another. On a visit to London, Isabella was introduced to Samuel Beeton who had become a publisher of books and popular magazines. They married on 10 July 1856 at Epsom Parish Church. In August of that year they moved into their first home, a large Italianate property at 2 Chandos Villas on the Woodridings Estate in Hatch End.
Their first child, Samuel Orchart, was born in May 1857 but he died of croup in August of that year. In September 1859, another son was born, and his name was also Samuel Orchart.
During Isabella's time in Hatch End she began to write articles on cooking and how to manage a house for her husband's publications. In 1859–1861, she wrote something every month for The Englishwoman's Domestic Magazine. In October 1861, the writings were published as a single book, The Book of Household Management.
The Beetons left Hatch End in the autumn of 1861. In December of that year their son became sick with scarlet fever while on holiday in Brighton. He died on New Year's Eve. Mrs. Beeton gave birth to two other sons, Orchart (on New Year's Eve in 1863) and Mayson Moss (in January 1865).
Book of Household Management
The book was very well known as Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management, it was a guide to running a Victorian household, with advice on fashion, child care, animal husbandry, poisons, the management of servants, science, religion, and industrialism.
The book had 1,112 pages, and over 900 of the pages were recipes. Because many of the pages were recipes, it became known as Mrs Beeton's Cookbook. Most of the recipes were illustrated with colored pictures, and it was the first book to show recipes in a way that is still used today. It is said that many of the recipes were actually taken from earlier writers (including Eliza Acton), but the Beetons never claimed that the book's contents were original. It was supposed to be a guide of reliable information for the middle class people. Mrs Beeton is described better as the books compiler and editor than as its author, because many of the passages were not in her own words.
Early death
The day after the birth of her fourth child, in January 1865, Isabella became sick with puerperal fever. She died a week later at the age of 28. Her widower lived for another twelve years. He died of tuberculosis in June 1877 at the age of 46.
Netra News
Netra News is an investigative and public interest journalism website in Sweden. It reports on Bangladesh. Tasneem Khalil, started the website on December 26, 2019. Khalil is an exiled Bangladeshi journalist living in Sweden.
It was blocked by authorities in Bangladesh within 72 hours of its inception.
History
It is a project under Bangladesh Media Network. The BMN board members are Kerstin Brunnberg (president), a prominent Swedish journalist, Australian academic Bina D’Costa (secretary), and Dan Morrison (treasurer), an American journalist.
Waci language
Waci (also spelled Ouatchi) is a Gbe language of Togo and Benin. It is part of a dialect continuum which also includes Ewe and Mina also known as Gɛn. It is scattered in an area Capo designates as Ewe speaking.
Hamptons
The Hamptons is a posh beachfront area in Long Island, New York State. The area is primarily occupied during the summer as multimillionaire and billionaire homeowners use their mansions and luxury condominiums as vacation homes. Most houses in the Hamptons are the same style, so much so that the area has its own architectural style.
Historically, the Hamptons were full of fishing villages, then during the Gilded Age, the ultra wealthy began to move in.
The Rembrandts
The Rembrandts are an American pop rock duo, formed by Danny Wilde and Phil Solem in 1989. They had worked together as members of Great Buildings in 1981.
The Rembrandts are best known for their song "I'll Be There for You", which was used as the main theme song for the NBC sitcom Friends.
Oktaha, Oklahoma
Oktaha is a town in Oklahoma in the United States.
DJ Envy
DJ Envy is an American disc jockey (DJ), record producer, and radio personality.
Ransom (1975 movie)
Ransom is a 1974 British thriller movie directed by Caspar Wrede and starring Sean Connery, Ian McShane, Christopher Ellison, Jeffry Wickham, Isabel Dean, Robert Harris. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Muzzano
Muzzano can mean:
Berzona
Berzona is a village and former municipality of the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
FA Cup
The FA Cup (known as The Emirates FA Cup for sponsorship reasons) is a national football competition. It is played between teams in the English league system. It is organized by the Football Association. The winner of the FA Cup qualifies for the next season's UEFA Europa League. If the winner of the FA Cup has already qualified for a European competition, then the Europa League place goes to the runner-up. If the runner-up has also qualified for a European competition, then the Europa League place goes to 6th or 7th place, depending on who won the Football League Cup. The FA Cup semi-finals and final is held at Wembley Stadium. The FA Cup is the oldest football competition in the world and first took place in 1871.
The current holders are Leicester, who have won the FA Cup once.
2021 Rock Hill shooting
On April 7, 2021, six people, including two children, were shot at a house in Rock Hill, South Carolina, United States. Phillip Adams, a former National Football League player, was named as the suspect. Five of the shooting victims died, while a sixth is hospitalized in critical condition with serious gunshot wounds.
On April 8, 2021, the York County Sheriff's Office said in a press conference that the suspect was Adams. Adams later killed himself before he could be arrested.
Dianne Primavera
Dianne I. Primavera (born January 28, 1950) is an American politician. She became the 50th Lieutenant Governor of Colorado in 2019. She is a Democrat. She was the Colorado State Representative for the 33rd district from 2007 to 2011 and again from 2013 to 2017.
Chevrolet Astro
The Chevrolet Astro (and its sibling GMC Safari) was a Minivan that was built by Chevrolet from 1985 to 2005 to rival the Dodge Caravan/Plymouth Voyager twin models and the Japanese Toyota Van. The Astro had two generation and was manufactured by General Motors. The Astro offered two variations a passenger van and a cargo van it also offered optional AWD. The Astro was assembled at the Baltimore Assembly in Baltimore, Maryland. The Astro was discontinued in 2005 because General Motors thought that they were not selling as well as they used to. The Astro was replaced by the Chevrolet Uplander, Chevrolet Traverse and the Chevrolet City Express.
Yom language
Yom is a language of Benin.
Stadium
A stadium is a building in which lots of people may watch an event. They are often used for football and athletics. Some stadiums are paid to add a company name to the name of their stadium. For example, Comerica Park in Detroit, Michigan, or the ALLTEL Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida. When people do this the company has the naming rights to the stadium. The given name of a stadium can change when another company buys the naming rights to that stadium.
An arena is a small indoor stadium. Arenas are often used for many different types of events. These include sports and music.
Chaudon-Norante
Chaudon-Norante is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in southeastern France. The Asse River flows through the commune.
List of programs broadcast by Paramount Network
The following is a list of programs that have aired on Paramount Network, an American pay television channel owned by the Paramount Media Networks division of Paramount Global.
Ehingen, Swabia
Ehingen (Swabian: Eegna ) is a municipality in the district of Augsburg in Bavaria in Germany.
Clamensane
Clamensane is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in southeastern France.
Gatcombe
Gatcombe is a village and civil parish on the Isle of Wight. It is four kilometres from Newport in the centre of the island. St. Olave's Church is a Gatcombe church dedicated in 1292, serving as chapel to Gatcombe Manor. The Gatcombe parish was established in 1560.
A carved wooden effigy of Edward Estur, a local knight who fought in the Crusades, is in the church.
Michael Mann
Michael Kenneth Mann (born February 5, 1943) is an American movie director, screenwriter, and movie producer. He is known for his works in Manhunter, Ali, Collateral, Hancock, and in Public Enemies. He won an Emmy Award in 1979.
Mann was born on February 5, 1943 in Chicago, Illinois. He studied at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Mann has been married to Summer Mann since 1974. They have four children.
U.S. National Geodetic Survey
National Geodetic Survey, formerly called the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey (U.S.C.G.S.), is a United States federal agency that defines and manages a national coordinate system. It measures the land and then draws maps. It also measures magnetic fields and tides. Congress started it in 1807 to draw maps of the coasts. It helps transportation and communication; mapping and charting; and many science and engineering uses. Since 1970, it has been part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), of the United States Department of Commerce.
Mariem Hassan
Mariem Hassan (مريم حسن‎; 1958 – 22 August 2015), was a Sahrawi singer and lyricist from Western Sahara. She usually sang in Hassaniyya, an Arabic dialect spoken mostly in Western Sahara and Mauritania.
Hassan died of bone cancer in a Sahrawi refugee camp in Tindouf, Algeria on 22 August 2015.
Cinderella Castle
Cinderella Castle (or Cinderella Palace) is the fairy tale castle at the center of two Disney theme parks: the Magic Kingdom at the Walt Disney World Resort, and Tokyo Disneyland at the Tokyo Disney Resort. Both castles are recognized all over the world. They are the main attraction for each of the theme parks.
Jacques Bravo
Jacques Bravo (29 December 1943 – 18 December 2019) was a French politician. He was a member of the Socialist Party. From 2001 through 2014, he was the Mayor of the 9th arrondissement of Paris. From 1995 through 2014, he was the Councillor of Paris.
Bravo was born in Valognes, France. He died on 18 December 2019 in Paris at the age of 75.
Easton, Isle of Wight
Easton is a village on the Isle of Wight. It is close to Totland in the west of the island.
Ernst Kummer
Ernst Eduard Kummer (born 29 January 1810, Sorau, Brandenburg; died 14 May 1893 Berlin) was a German mathematician. At first he was a school teacher, teaching in a German high school gymnasium, where he inspired the Leopold Kronecker to become a mathematician. He became professor of mathematics in Breslau and then in Berlin. He is famous for several mathematical discoveries, including his work on number fields. Several mathematical ideas are named after him.
Adja language
Aja is a language spoken in Benin, Togo, Ghana, Nigeria and Gabon.
Drupal
Drupal is a free and open source software application that is installed on servers. When installed and configured, Drupal helps people make websites that are secure, safe, and stable. Drupal also allows users to share modules with each other. Modules are like building blocks that when installed make new features available.
As of February 2016, more than 1.3 million websites use Drupal. Drupal is well supported, and many high level websites are built with it including whitehouse.gov.
Arvind Singh Bhati
Arvind Singh Bhati is the University President of Jai Narayan Vyas University Jodhpur (JNVU Jodhpur), the second largest university in Rajasthan.
Lal Wa Sarjangal District
Lal Wa Sarjangal District  is one of the districts of Ghor Province located in central Afghanistan.
The Iron Lady (movie)
The Iron Lady is a 2011 biographical drama movie based on the life and career of Margaret Thatcher. The movie was directed by Phyllida Lloyd and written by Abi Morgan. Thatcher is played by Meryl Streep. Thatcher's husband, Denis Thatcher, is played by Jim Broadbent. Other cast members include Olivia Colman, Richard E. Grant, Roger Allam and Anthony Head.
It was released on 26 December 2011 to mixed reviews. For her role as Thatcher, Streep won an Academy Award for Best Actress.
Electoral district of Kew
Kew is an electoral district of Victoria. It was created in 1927. It is in the Eastern Metropolitan Region.
Electric arc
An electric arc is an electrical breakdown of a gas which produces a plasma spark.
The electric arc was first described in 1801. Electric arcs are used for welding, plasma cutting and lighting for stage performances. Electric arc furnaces are used in making steel and other things.
Rampage (1986 movie)
Rampage or Korkusuz, Turkish Rambo 2 is a 1986 Turkish action-adventure mystery war movie. It is based on Rambo franchise, as the sequel of Wild Blood (Vahşi Kan) in 1983. The movie was directed by Cetin Inanc and produced by Anit Ticaret in 1986.
Plot
an terrorist group led by Ziya, to kidnapped people by as slaves inside the mountains. from an Turkish soldier named Serdar to rescue an citizens.
Godshill
Godshill is a village and civil parish on the Isle of Wight. About 2,800 people lived there in 1998. It is located between Newport and Ventnor in the southeast of the island. There are pubs called the "Griffin"- featuring a large maze, and "The Taverners".
Arreton
Arreton is a village and civil parish in the central eastern part of the Isle of Wight, England. It is about 3 miles south east of Newport.
Gordon J. Humphrey
Gordon John Humphrey (born October 9, 1940) is an American politician. He was a member of the U.S. Senate for New Hampshire as a Republican from 1979 to 1990. He twice ran for Governor of New Hampshire, though both bids were unsuccessful. Humphrey was born in Bristol, Connecticut.
Humphrey has become a critic of President Donald Trump and as a result of his presidency, he became an Independent.
Dictyostelid
The dictyostelids are a group of cellular slime molds, or "social amoebae". They are unusual eukaryote organisms. For much of their life they live as separate cells. Then in hard times they come together to reproduce as a fruiting body. The fruiting body produces spores with protective walls. They survive and open up in better times. So these organisms are both unicellular and multicellular.
As separate amoebae, they feed and divide normally. They mostly eat soil bacteria. When the food supply runs out, they come together to form a kind of slug-like thing. The slug has a definite front and rear. It responds to light and temperature differences, and can move. Under the right conditions the slug becomes a sporocarp (fruiting body). A stalk holds up one or more balls of spores. These spores are inactive cells protected by tough cell walls. They become new amoebae when food is available.
Dictyostelium has been used as a model organism in molecular biology and genetics. It is studied as an example of cell communication, differentiation, and programmed cell death (apoptosis). Research on Dictyostelium is available on-line at dictyBase.
Aggregation in Dictyostelium
The aggregation of the amoebae relies on a signal molecule. One cell, the founder of the colony, begins to secrete the signal in response to stress. Others detect the signal, and respond in two ways: The effect of this is to relay the signal through the nearby population of amoebae. They move to the area of highest signal concentration.
Discovery and classification
They were first discovered in a North Carolina forest in 1935. Dictyostelium discoideum was at first classified under 'lower fungi'. Later it was put in the kingdoms Protista and Fungi. By the 1990s, most scientists accepted the present classification.
Amoebozoa are now regarded as a separate kingdom-level clade, being more closely related to both animals and fungi than to plants.
Genome
The entire genome of Dictyostelium discoideum was published in Nature in 2005. The haploid genome contains about 12,500 genes on six chromosomes. For comparison, the diploid human genome has 20,000–25,000 genes (represented twice) on 23 chromosome pairs.
Nateni language
Nateni is a language of Benin.
Dictyostelid
Sexual reproduction
Sexual development can occur when amoeboid cells are starved of their bacterial food supply and in the dark.
Mating starts by gametogenesis. This produces small, mobile gametes that fuse to form a small binucleate cell. The volume of the binucleate cell then increases to produce a giant binuclear cell. As growth proceeds, the nuclei swell, and then fuse forming a true diploid zygote giant cell. As this is occurring, amoebae undergo chemotaxis towards the giant cell surface. The zygote giant cell ingests the surrounding amoebae, and digests them. Next the zygote forms a macrocyst which stays dormant for a time before germination occurs. When the macrocyst germinates it releases many haploid amoeboid cells.
Mako Iwamatsu
Mako Iwamatsu (マコ 岩松), born Makoto Iwamatsu (岩松 信); 10 December 1933 – 21 July 2006), was a Japanese-American actor. Many of his acting roles credited him simply as Mako, omitting his surname. Mako is known for playing Aku from the first four seasons of Samurai Jack, Master Splinter from the movie TMNT, Iroh from Avatar: The Last Airbender, and Mr. Lee from Sidekicks.
Personal life
Mako was born in Kobe, Japan. He was the son of famous children's book author and illustrator Taro Yashima. His parents moved to the United States when he was a small child. He joined them there after World War II, in 1949, joining the military in the 1950s. He became a naturalized American citizen in 1956. When Mako first joined his parents in the US, he studied architecture. During his military service, he discovered his theatrical talent, and trained at the Pasadena Community Playhouse.
Mako was married to actress Shizuko Hoshi with whom he had two daughters (both are actresses) and three grandchildren.
Death
Mako died in Somis, California on 21 July 2006, aged 72, from esophageal cancer. One day before his death, Mako had been confirmed to star in the film TMNT, providing the voice of Splinter. Kevin Munroe, director of the film, confirmed that Mako had completed his recording before his death. The finished film was dedicated to Mako.
During an Avatar: The Last Airbender episode, titled "The Tales of Ba Sing Se" (episode 15 of the second season), which comprises several small stories about the main characters, there is a segment titled, "The Tale of Iroh." It features a dedication to Mako, as he was the voice actor for the character Iroh for the first and second seasons. He was also featured in the Memoriam Montage in the 79th Academy Awards.
1964 Summer Olympics
The 1964 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XVIII Olympiad, were held in Tokyo, Japan from October 10, 1964 to October 24, 1964.
Eva Clayton
Eva McPherson Clayton (born September 16, 1934) is an American Democratic politician. When she was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1992, Clayton became the first African American to represent North Carolina in the House since 1898. She retired from politics in 2003.
Penguin Town
Penguin Town is a documentary. It is a television program about African penguins. It is set in Simon's Town, South Africa. It is set from late 2019 through mid-2020. It aired on Netflix on June 16, 2021.
Patton Oswalt is the narrator of Penguin Town. He tells the viewer what is happening. He is also an executive producer. The other executive producers are Brian Armstrong, Shannon Malone-Debenedictis, and Belinda Cherrington.
Style
In some ways, Penguin Town is like other television shows about animals. A narrator says what is happening while video of penguins plays. In other ways, Penguin Town is like reality television. The narrator talks about penguins as if they were humans on a reality TV show contest. For example, he says "his wife" and "her husband" instead of "his mate" or "her mate." The narrator names most penguins after where they decide to build nests. The pair that build a nest in a bougainvillea bush are called Mr. and Mrs. Bougainvillea. He calls the two who build a nest in a family's back garden Lord and Lady Courtyard. The opening credits label Mr. and Mrs. Bougainvillea as "the soulmates," Mr. and Mrs. Culvert as "the newlyweds," and a Cape fur seal "the scoundrel." The credits also read "Six hot months," "One wild colony," "No rules" like on a reality TV show. Often, cheerful music plays.
Making
The camera crew from Red Rock Films started out following 80 pairs of penguins. They later followed only 50 penguins. Then the team chose a smaller group of penguins to make the story. The camera crew used tripods, waterproof cameras, drones, other special cameras, and even an antigravity platform.
Place
Penguin Town takes place in a human town full of people. The penguins walk past cars, streets, houses, and human beings to go to and from the sea and their nests. The camera does not usually show any human being's face. The narrator says "giants" instead of "humans." On Penguin Town, humans from SANCCOB take injured penguins to veterinarians. They also take lost eggs to raise in incubators.
The narrator says that the penguins build nests near humans because they know no other dangerous animals will come near them.
In the last episodes, the camera shows a beach with no people on it, and a lost medical mask to show that this is happening during the COVID-19 pandemic. A caracal comes into the town to hunt penguins while the humans are in their houses.
Characters
The Car Park Gang are called "the bullies." They are penguins without mates or nests. They attack other penguins, including chicks.
Mr. and Mrs. Culvert are called "the newlyweds." They are raising a chick for the first time. They build a nest in a culvert, and both their eggs are washed away by the rain. Human beings save one egg and take it away to hatch in a warm machine.
Eddie Johnston
Edward Joseph Johnston (born November 24, 1935 in Montreal, Quebec) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender, coach, and general manager. Johnston played 22 years in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Boston Bruins, Toronto Maple Leafs, St. Louis Blues, and Chicago Black Hawks. He was the head coach of the Black Hawks for 1 year and the head coach of the Pittsburgh Penguins for 7 years. He was also the general manager of the Pittsburgh Penguins and the Hartford Whalers.
Penguin Town
Characters
Junior is called "the misfit." He is a two-year-old penguin. He is bitten by a seal and the bites become full of germs. Human beings take him from the beach to an animal hospital. They bring him back after he is healed.
Lord and Lady Courtyard start building a nest later than most penguins.
Eddie Johnston
He won the Stanley Cup with the Bruins twice, in 1970 and 1972. He retired from playing professional ice hockey in 1978. He is the Penguins' all-time leader in coaching losses (224) and games coached (516).
Schulter, Oklahoma
Schulter is a town in Oklahoma in the United States.
Penguin Town
Characters
Mr. and Mrs. Wheelbarrow raise four chicks, two at a time.
Episodes
All of the first season aired at the same time on June 16, 2021:
1. Homecoming
2. The Nest Generation
3. Hot and Bothered
4. Lost and Found
5. Close Encounters
6. Weekend Warriors
Euclidean distance
In Euclidean geometry, the Euclidean distance is the usual distance between two points p and q. This distance is measured as a line segment. The Pythagorean theorem can be used to calculate this distance.
Penguin Town
Episodes
7. Beyond the Nest
Euclidean distance
Euclidean distance on the plane
In the Euclidean plane, if p = (p1, p2) and q = (q1, q2) then the distance is given by
List of cities in Australia by population
List of Cities by population in Australia.
Euclidean distance
Euclidean distance on the plane
This is equivalent to the Pythagorean theorem, where legs are differences between respective coordinates of the points, and hypotenuse is the distance.
Alternatively, if the polar coordinates of the point p are (r1, θ1) and those of q are (r2, θ2), then the distance between the points is
Penguin Town
Episodes
8. Learning to Fly
Response
Dorothy Rabinowitz of The Wall Street Journal called Penguin Town "enchanting." Romey Norton of Ready Steady Cut called Penguin Town "humorous and insightful" and said the fact that it was not as serious as other penguin TV shows made it feel fresh. Joel Keller of The Decider said the show was sometimes "corny," meaning silly, but he also liked that it was not too serious and told its story well. He also says that most nature shows about penguins do not usually show them in warm places like Simon's Town or near people.
Stuart Heritage of The Guardian said the penguins had been "anthropomorphized to high heaven," meaning that they were spoken of as if they were human beings. He said it was good comfort food to watch during the pandemic because every time something bad happened to a penguin on the show, something good happened right after that.
Until the Day Is Done
"Until the Day Is Done" is a 2008 song by alternative rock band R.E.M.. It was taken from their 14th studio album Accelerate. It was released as two-track download only track but went to number 49 in Switzerland.
Schwendau
Schwendau is a municipality of the district of Schwaz in the Austrian state of Tyrol.
Pinus pinaster
Pinus pinaster, also known as the maritime pine, cluster pine, or pinaster pine, is a pine native to the Mediterranean region.
Names
Common names in some other languages are:
Description
The maritime pine is a large tree tree, that grows up to 20 - 40 m tall with an average trunk diameter of up to 35 - 40 cm. The bark is orange-red and thick, but thinner in the upper parts of the tree.
The leaves ('needles') are in pairs, broad and 10 to 35 cm long, and bluish-green to yellowish-green.
The maritime pine is monoecious with separate male an female flowers but on the same plant, in cones. The seeds are 8 - 10 mm long, with a 20 - 25 mm wing. Seeds are spread by the wind.
Taxonomy
Pinus pinaster was described by William Aiton, a Botanist from Scotland, in 1789.
There are three subspecies of Pinus pinaster Aiton:
Where it grows
The maritime pine is native to the southwest and southern Europe, North Africa in Morocco, and along the border between Algeria and Tunisia. It is mainly a pine of low, coastal plains, usually on sandy soils of sea shore dunes; however, in Morocco this species can grow in mountains to an elevation of near 2000 m.
It has been introduced into regions with a similar Mediterranean climate.
The species is regarded as a highly invasive species. A large production of seeds that are spread by the wind and rapid growth rate all contribute to its ability to invade native habitats, which suffer a loss of species diversity. The maritime pine is reported to be an aggressive colonizer in Chile, Uruguay, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa
Uses
The maritime pine is widely planted for timber in its native area. It is one of the most important trees in forestry in France, Spain and Portugal. The pine forest in Landes in southwest France is the largest man-made maritime pine forest in Europe. The resin is also a source of turpentine and rosin.
As well as industrial uses, maritime pine is also a popular ornamental tree, planted in parks and gardens in areas with warm temperate climates.
It is also used as a source of flavonoids, catechins, proanthocyanidins, and phenolic acids.
Yuga
Hindus believe that there are periods of time called yugas ("ages" or "eras"): Satya Yuga, Treta Yuga, Dvapara Yuga, and Kali Yuga. When Kali Yuga ends, a new Satya Yuga begins.
César Ritz
César Ritz (23 February 1850 – 24 October 1918) was a Swiss hotelier and founder of several hotels. He gave his name to the Hôtel Ritz Paris and The Ritz Hotel in London. His motto was "king of hoteliers, and hotelier to kings". His name is the origin of the word ritzy.
Biography
At fifteen Ritz was apprenticed as a somelier (wine waiter) at a hotel in Brig. Dismissed after a year as an unsuitable candidate for the hotel trade, he went to Paris at the time of the 1867 Universal Exhibition.
Gen language
Gen is a language of Benin and Togo.
César Ritz
Biography
In 1872, Ritz became floor waiter of the Hôtel Splendide in Paris, meeting many rich, self-made Americans as guests. In 1873 he was a waiter in Vienna at the time of the International Exhibition. In the winter of that year his astonishing career in hotel management began when he undertook the direction of the restaurant at the Grand Hôtel in Nice. Regular moves then followed. He followed the migration of the international tourist set from the hotels of Nice or San Remo in winter to Swiss mountain resorts such as Rigi-Kulm and Lucerne in summer.
In 1878, he became the manager of the Grand Hôtel National in Lucerne and held the same position, in parallel, at the Grand Hôtel in Monaco until 1888. A pioneer in the development of luxury hoteliering, he knew how to entice wealthy customers and got a reputation for good taste and elegance. He was the first to say that "the customer is never wrong". His code was "See all without looking; hear all without listening; be attentive without being servile; anticipate without being presumptuous. If a diner complains about a dish or the wine, immediately remove it and replace it, no questions asked".
In 1888, he opened a restaurant with Auguste Escoffier in Baden-Baden, and the two were then invited to London by Richard D'Oyly Carte to become the first manager and chef of the Savoy Hotel, positions they held from 1889 until 1897. Ritz put together what he described as "a little army of hotel men for the conquest of London". The Savoy under Ritz was an immediate success, attracting a distinguished and moneyed clientele, headed by the Prince of Wales. Aristocratic women, hitherto unaccustomed to dine in public, were now "seen in full regalia in the Savoy dining and supper rooms".
Fall from grace
In 1898, Ritz and Escoffier were both dismissed from the Savoy. Ritz was implicated in the disappearance of over £3,400 of wine and spirits, as well as kickbacks from suppliers. The following report is from the London Daily Telegraph:
Independent entrepreneur
Later in 1898, he opened the celebrated Hôtel Ritz in the Place Vendôme, Paris. He went on to open The Ritz Hotel in London in 1906, which became one of the most popular meeting places of the era, for the rich and famous. The Hotel Ritz Madrid in Madrid, opened in 1910, inspired by King Alfonso XIII's desire to build a luxury hotel to rival the Ritz in Paris. Ritz enjoyed a long partnership with Auguste Escoffier, the famous French chef and father of modern French cooking. The partnership lasted until Ritz had to retire in 1907 because of deteriorating health.
Towards the end
Ritz himself withdrew progressively from the affairs of his various companies, selling out his interests in hotels at Frankfurt and Salsomaggiore in 1905 and retiring from the Ritz Hotel Development Company in 1907, from the Carlton Hotel Company in 1908, and from the Paris Ritz Company in 1911.
By 1912, according to Marie-Louise Ritz, to all intents and purposes his life had finished. In 1913 he was placed in a private hospital at Lausanne, and the following year he was moved to another on Lake Küssnacht in Canton Schwyz. He died at Küssnacht on 26 October 1918. Although from a humble Swiss background, César Ritz and his luxurious hotels became legendary, and his name entered the English language as an epitome of high-class cuisine and accommodation. He is buried in the village of his birth.
Leopold Kronecker
Leopold Kronecker (7 December 1823 Liegnitz, Prussia - 29 December 1891) was a German mathematician of Jewish descent.
Windsor, Invercargill
Windsor is a suburb of New Zealand southernmost city, Invercargill. It has two primary schools in the suburb. It is located northeast of Invercargill Central.
Isle-Aubigny
Isle-Aubigny is a commune of the Aube département in the north-central part of France.
Tippah County, Mississippi
Tippah County is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 22,232 people lived there. Its county seat is Ripley.
Aguna language
Aguna is a language of Benin and Togo. It belongs to the Niger-Congo language family.
Iñaki Aldekoa
Iñaki Aldekoa (1940 – 8 April 2021) was a Spanish politician. He was a member of the Congress of Deputies from 1986 until 1987. Aldekoa was born in Amorebieta-Etxano, Spain. He was also a member of the Parliament of Navarre from 1979 until 1983.
Aldekoa died on 8 April 2021 in Amorebieta-Etxano, aged 80.
Euromast
Euromast is an observation tower in Rotterdam, Netherlands. The tower was built from 1958 to 1960 for the 1960 Floriade. It has been a national monument since 2010. To make the tower more stable, it was build on a block of concrete of 1900000 kg. It has an observation platform 96 m high, and a restaurant. Originally, at 101 m tall, it was the tallest building in Rotterdam. Then it lost that position for a few years. It became the tallest again when the Space Tower was built on the top of the building in 1970. The Space tower made the Euromast 85 m higher.
Clow, Arkansas
Clow is an unincorporated community in Hempstead County, Arkansas, United States.