cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Rudolf Höss
Nazi career
On 31 May 1923, in Mecklenburg, Germany, Höss and members of the Freikorps (German volunteer soldiers) beat to death a local schoolteacher named Walther Kadow. They did this because Martin Bormann wanted them to. Bormann later became Hitler's private secretary. Bormann thought that Kadow had told the French occupational government Nazi soldier Albert Leo Schlageter was sabotaging French supply lines. Schlageter was arrested and executed on 26 May 1923. Soon afterward, Höss and several accomplices, including Bormann, killed Kadow out of revenge. In 1923, after one of the killers confessed to a local newspaper, Höss was arrested and tried as the leader of the murder. Höss later said than another man was actually in charge, but at the time, Höss accepted the blame as the group's leader. He was convicted and sentenced (on 15 or 17 May 1924 ). His sentence was for 10 years in Brandenburg Penitentiary (prison). Bormann was sentenced to one year in prison.
Höss was released in July 1928 as part of a general amnesty. He joined the Völkisch movement ("Artaman League"), a nationalist "back-to-the-land" movement that supported clean, farm living.
On 17 August 1929, Höss married Hedwig Hensel (3 March 1908 – 15 September 1989), whom he met in the Artaman League. Between 1930 and 1943, they had five children: two sons (Klaus and Hans-Jürgen) and three daughters (Heidetraut, Inge-brigitt and Annegret).
Joining the SS
Höss became a member of the SS on 1 April 1934, when Heinrich Himmler encouraged all Nazi men to join the SS. Höss joined the SS-Totenkopfverbände (Death's Head Units) in the same year. He came to admire Himmler so much that he thought whatever Himmler said was "gospel." He even preferred to display Himmler's picture in his office instead of Hitler's.
Höss was assigned to the Dachau concentration camp in December 1934. There, he where he held the post of Blockführer ("Block Leader"), meaning he was in charge of one barracks of prisoners. In 1938, Höss was promoted to SS-Hauptsturmführer (Captain), and was made an assistant to Hermann Baranowski in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp.
Höss joined the Waffen-SS in 1939 after Nazi Germany invaded Poland. Höss was good at his job, and his bosses suggested that he should be promoted (given a better job). By the end of his tour of duty there, Höss was in charge of prisoners' belongings.
Auschwitz command
On 1 May 1940, Höss was appointed commandant of Auschwitz, which was a combination of concentration camps and an extermination camp. Höss commanded the camp for three and a half years. During this time, he changed the original camp into a huge complex (group of camps) called Auschwitz-Birkenau. Höss went to Auschwitz determined "to do things differently" and develop a more efficient camp than the camps at Dachau and Sachsenhausen where he had worked before. Höss lived at Auschwitz in a villa with his wife and five children.
The earliest inmates at Auschwitz were Soviet prisoners of war and Polish prisoners, including peasants and intellectuals. About 700 of these prisoners arrived at Auschwitz in June 1940; the Nazi guards told them they would not survive more than 3 months.
At its largest, Auschwitz included three major camps:
There were also many smaller "sub-camps" nearby. The Auschwitz complex was built on about 8,000 hectares (20,000 acres) that had been cleared of everyone who lived there.
In June 1941, Höss met with SS Commander Heinrich Himmler in Berlin. Himmler told Höss that Hitler had given the order for the Final Solution - to kill all of the Jewish people. Himmler had chosen Auschwitz as the place where Europe's Jews would be exterminated. He chose Auschwitz "[because] of its easy access by rail [train] and also because the extensive site offered space for measures ensuring isolation." This meant that Auschwitz was big enough that the genocide of the Jews could be kept secret. Himmler described the project as a "secret Reich matter." Höss later said that "no one was allowed to speak about these matters with any person and that everyone promised upon his life to keep the utmost secrecy."
Höss began testing and perfecting mass murder techniques on 3 September 1941. His experiments made Auschwitz the camp that would kill the most prisoners during the Holocaust. Höss later said that, during a regular day at Auschwitz, two to three trains carrying 2,000 prisoners each would arrive every day for periods of four to six weeks. The prisoners were unloaded in the Birkenau death camp. Prisoners who were strong, healthy, and able to work were marched to barracks in either Birkenau or one of the other Auschwitz camps. Prisoners who were elderly, very young, sick, or unable to do forced labor were killed in gas chambers, which were disguised as showers. At first, small gassing bunkers were located deep in the woods, to keep them secret. Later, four large gas chambers and crematoria were built in Birkenau to make it easier for the Nazis to kill more people, more quickly.
"Technically [it] wasn't so hard—it would not have been hard to exterminate even greater numbers.... The killing itself took the least time. You could dispose of 2,000 [people] in half an hour, but it was the burning that took all the time. The killing was easy; you didn't even need guards to drive them into the chambers; they just went in expecting to take showers and, instead of water, we turned on poison gas. The whole thing went very quickly."
James Paul Johnson
James Paul "Jim" Johnson (born June 2, 1930) is an American politician and lawyer. He served as a Republican in the United States House of Representatives representing Colorado's 4th congressional district from January 3, 1971 through January 3, 1981.
Rudolf Höss
After Auschwitz
On 10 November 1943, Arthur Liebehenschel became the Commandant at Auschwitz. Höss took over Liebehenschel's last job as the chairman of Amt D I in Amtsgruppe D of the SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt (WVHA), which ran the concentration camps. Höss also was made the deputy (assistant) of Richard Glücks, the inspector of all of the concentration camps.
James Paul Johnson
Johnson was born in Yankton, South Dakota. He earned his B.A. from Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois in 1952 and later earned an LL.B. from the University of Colorado in Boulder, Colorado in 1959.
Johnson served in the United States Marine Corps as a jet pilot in Korea from 1952 to 1956. He was named deputy district attorney for the Eighth Judicial District of Colorado from 1959 to 1966. He was the Municipal Judge for Ault, Colorado from 1962 to 1965, and assistant district attorney from 1964 to 1966.
Rudolf Höss
Capture, trial, and execution
In the last days of the war, Himmler told Höss to disguise himself among German Navy sailors. Höss avoided arrest for nearly a year. When he was captured by British soldiers on 11 March 1946 in Gottrupel, he was disguised as a gardener and called himself Franz Lang. His wife, who feared that her son, Klaus, would be shipped off to the Soviet Union to be imprisoned or tortured, had told the British where Höss was. The British soldiers that captured Höss were led by Hanns Alexander, a young Jewish man from Berlin who was forced to flee to England with his entire family during the rise of Nazi Germany. Höss initially denied who he was, until Alexander noticed his wedding ring and demanded to see it. Höss refused to remove it, saying it was stuck on his finger. But when Alexander threatened to cut his finger off, Höss removed the ring. It had the names "Rudolf" and "Hedwig" engraved inside. After being questioned and beaten with axe handles by the British soldiers, Höss admitted who he really was.
Höss appeared at the Nuremberg Trials on 15 April 1946, where he explained his crimes in detail. Affidavits (sworn statements to the court) that Rudolf Höss made while imprisoned in Nuremberg were also used at the Pohl and IG Farben trials.
Caribbean reef squid
The Caribbean reef squid (Sepioteuthis sepioidea) is a species of torpedo-shaped squid. It is mostly found in the Caribbean sea and sometimes found off the coast of Florida.
They are found in schools (groups) of about thirty at a time. Baby squids live closer to the shore than the older ones. The squid can eat 30-60% of their body weight daily. The Caribbean reef squid uses its beak to cut their food up so that it is easier to process. They communicate using the colors of their body as well as shape and texture.
Rudolf Höss
Capture, trial, and execution
In his affidavit made at Nuremberg on 5 April 1946, Höss stated:
Jesup, Iowa
Jesup is a city in Buchanan County in Iowa in the United States. Part of it is also in Black Hawk County. The population was 2,508 at the 2020 census. It was named after Morris Ketchum Jesup, president of the Dubuque and Sioux City Railroad.
Rudolf Höss
Capture, trial, and execution
"I commanded Auschwitz until 1 December 1943, and estimate that at least 2,500,000 victims were executed and exterminated there by gassing and burning, and at least another half million succumbed to starvation and disease, making a total of about 3,000,000 dead. This figure represents about 70% or 80% of all persons sent to Auschwitz as prisoners, the remainder having been selected and used for slave labor in the concentration camp industries. Included among the executed and burnt were approximately 20,000 Russian prisoners of war (previously screened out of Prisoner of War cages by the Gestapo) who were delivered at Auschwitz in Wehrmacht transports operated by regular Wehrmacht officers and men. The [rest] of the total number of victims included about 100,000 German Jews, and great numbers of citizens (mostly Jewish) from Holland, France, Belgium, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Greece, or other countries. We executed about 400,000 Hungarian Jews alone at Auschwitz in the summer of 1944."
"This is where the camp Gestapo was located. Prisoners suspected of involvement in the camp's underground resistance movement or of preparing to escape were interrogated here. Many prisoners died as a result of being beaten or tortured. The first commandant of Auschwitz, SS-Obersturmbannführer Rudolf Höss, who was tried and sentenced to death after the war by the Polish Supreme National Tribunal, was hanged here on 16 April 1947."
Höss wrote his autobiography while awaiting execution. It was published in 1956 as Kommandant in Auschwitz; autobiographische Aufzeichnungen, and later as Death Dealer: the Memoirs of the SS Kommandant at Auschwitz (among other editions).
After discussions with Höss during the Nuremberg Trials where Höss testified, the American military psychologist Gustave Gilbert wrote:
"In all of the discussions, Höss is quite matter-of-fact and apathetic, shows some belated interest in the enormity of his crime, but gives the impression that it never would have occurred to him if somebody hadn't asked him. There is too much apathy to leave any suggestion of remorse and even the prospect of hanging does not unduly stress him. One gets the general impression of a man who is intellectually normal, but with the schizoid apathy, insensitivity and lack of empathy that could hardly be more extreme in a frank psychotic."
Four days before he was executed, Höss apologized for his crimes in a message to the state prosecutor:
Shortly before his execution, Höss returned to the Catholic Church. On 10 April 1947, he received the sacrament of penance from Friar Władysław Lohn, S.J. On the next day, the same priest gave Höss Holy Communion as Viaticum (the Eucharist given to a person who is dying).
Handwritten confession
Höss's original confession, with his signature, is displayed in a glass case in the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C. Behind the confession is a photo showing Hungarian Jewish women and children walking to one of the four gas chambers in the Birkenau death camp on 26 May 1944.
References
Notes
Bibliography
Buggerru
Buggerru (Bugèrru) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Sud Sardegna in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 1,068 people lived there. Its area is 48.33 km². It is 51 meters above sea level.
Rudolf Höss
References
Further reading
Hollywood blacklist
The Hollywood blacklist was a system of denying employment to Hollywood actors, producers, screenwriters, directors, and other people in entertainment who were suspected of undesirable political connections or other undesirable associations. Communist sympathies and homosexual tendencies were two of the connections considered most undesirable. It mostly occurred through the middle of the 20th century, in the 1940s and 1950s.
Emmanuel Issoze-Ngondet
Franck Emmanuel Issoze-Ngondet (2 April 1961 – 11 June 2020) was a Gabonese Democratic politician. He was the 10th Prime Minister of Gabon from 2016 until 2019. In the aftermath of the failed coup d'état attempt, President Ali Bongo Ondimba replaced him with Julien Nkoghe Bekale.
Alexandre Mourreau
Alexandre Nicolas Philippe Edouard Mourreau (born 26 June 1986) is a Swiss-Italian businessman.
He is known for working with artists such as Rick Ross, Siboy, Cahiips, Misha Marvin, Alec Monopoly, and others.
Emmanuel Issoze-Ngondet
From 2012 to 2016, he was the Minister for Foreign Affairs. He was born in Makokou, Gabon.
Alexandre Mourreau
Early life and education
Alexandre Mourreau was born on 26 June 1986 in Geneva, Switzerland. He was born to Serge Mourreau and Caterina Bossi. His father was an architect and decorator and worked in real estate.
Mourreau attended a boarding school for his primary studies. He completed his high school diploma from College Alpin Beau Soleil in 2005 and graduated with a bachelor's in business administration from IFM University in Geneva. In addition, he completed an acting course from Beatrice Bracco Acting Training in Rome, Italy.
Emmanuel Issoze-Ngondet
Issoze-Ngondet died from asthma on 11 June 2020 in the Gabonese capital of Libreville, aged 59.
Alexandre Mourreau
Career
Mourreau's first job was in a video club, where he worked for his hobby. Later, he started his career by co-organizing events with friends featuring celebrities and other well-known personalities. However, he had to leave for personal reasons and went into the real estate business.
In 2012, he founded Future Photography, a videography and photography company. Then in 2018, he created AM EVENTS to organize events in Switzerland. He also became the director of Cars and Coffee Geneva, an annual show which attracts supercar enthusiasts.
In addition, Mourreau has worked with several artists, including Rick Ross, Siboy, Cahiips, and Misha Marvin.
Mourreau has also organized an event with an art gallery where Alec Monopoly, a graffiti artist, painted and tagged one of his supercars, the Lamborghini Aventador SVJ.
Louis Jolliet
Louis Jolliet (September 21, 1645 – last seen May 1700) was a French-Canadian explorer. He was known for his discoveries in North America. Jolliet and Jesuit Father Jacques Marquette, a Catholic priest and missionary, were the first non-Natives to explore and map the Mississippi River in 1673.
This journey would lead them to present-day Chicago River and discovered an area near a portage which would later be known as Chicago.
Elizabeth Lada
Elizabeth Lada (born 19??) is an American astronomer.
Pearl Krabs
Pearl Krabs is one of the ten main characters of SpongeBob SquarePants. She is a young whale who lives in an anchor with Mr. Krabs. When Pearl grows up, Mr. Krabs wants her to continue the family business by inheriting the Krusty Krab and become the owner. Her family is her father Eugene, her mother Mrs. Krabs, her aunt Eugene's sister, her grandfather Victor, her grandmother Betsy, her great-grandfather Redbeard, her granduncle Alan, her great-grandmother Grandma Krabs, her great-grandaunt Sally, and her great-great-grandfather Great Grandpa Krabs.
Elizabeth Lada
The American Astronomical Society honored her work by awarding her the Annie Jump Cannon Award in Astronomy Prize in 1992. She also was named as a Hubble Fellow during her work at the University of Maryland. She was awarded a National Science Foundation's CAREER Award in 1999. In 1998 she received a Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE). Lada got her Bachelor of Science in Physics degree at Yale University in 1965. She did her Ph.D. in Astronomy at the University of Texas in 1990. Lada is currently Professor of Astronomy at the University of Florida.
Armavir, Russia
Armavir (Армави́р) is a city in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. It is on the left bank of the Kuban River. Population: As of 2020, the city has a population of 188,960. Armavir used to be the second-largest industrial center of Krasnodar Krai, after Krasnodar.
History
The Abazins were the first people to live in Armavir. Turkic Tatars from the Crimean Khanate also lived there. The Abazins were later forced to emigrate from Southern Russia to the Ottoman Empire. Armavir is also part of the old land of the Circassians.
Armavir was founded in 1839 by Cherkesogai Armenians. They named it Armyansky aul (Армя́нский ау́л). It was named Armavir in 1848. It was named after the ancient city of Armavir, one of the historic capitals of ancient Armenia. Armavir was the administrative centre of the Labinsky Otdel of Kuban Oblast in the Russian Empire.
Many deadly battles took place near Armavir during the Russian Civil War. The Taman Army's military campaign ended in Armavir in 1918. The Soviets took control in 1920. The city was occupied by the German Army during World War II. It was liberated by the Red Army in January 1943.
Climate
Armavir has a humid continental climate.
Military
Armavir Radar Station is on the site of Baronovsky Airfield, 12 km southwest of the city. Armavir (air base) is close to the city.
Twin towns – sister cities
Armavir is twinned with:
Bärschwil
Bärschwil is a municipality in the district of Thierstein in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.
Tarafa Baghajati
Tarafa Baghajati (طرفة بغجاتي, (born September 1st 1961) in Damascus, Syria) is a human right activist and writer, he is also the chairman of the Austrian Muslim Initiative (AMI). He lives in Vienna, Austria since 1986.
Life
Tarafa Baghajati was born in Damascus, to parents Adnan Baghajati,an author and former Syrian Education minister, and Amal Homsi, an economic journalist.
Burcei
Burcei (Brucèi) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Sud Sardegna in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 2,802 people lived there. Its area is 94.85 km². It is 648 meters above sea level.
Tarafa Baghajati
Life
Since he moved to Austria in 1986, Baghajati is active on the topics of immigration, anti-racism, human right and political issues which also involve the Middle East especially his home country Syria,  he is also very active on the topics of Islam and Muslim in Austria and Europe, and opposition what is known as Islamophobia, and the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM), in Africa and Europe.
In 1999, he found the initiative of Muslim Austrians ( IMOE ) with his wife Carla Amina Baghajati, Omar Al-Rawi, Mouddar Khouja and Andrea Saleh, who are members of the Islamic Religion Community in Austria.
Baghajati is a former board member. (2001 - 2007, 2004-2007 Vice- President ) and member of the Honorary Advisory Board of European Network Against Racism (ENAR) He is also a board member of the Platform for Intercultural Europe (PIE).
In March 2009, Rüdiger Nehberg and Tarafa Baghajati met Sheikh Prof.Dr Yusuf al-Qaradawi in Qatar, one of the most best known Islamic contemporary authority scholar. They obtained a fatwa issued by the recognized legal scholars, stating the genital mutilation of girls is referred to and forbidden as "devil's work" because it is directed against the ethics of Islam. Speaking at the Hamburg Museum of Ethnology, 6 February 2011 Baghajati ventured to predict to celebrate the end of this practice as early as 2020.
in February 2011,Rüdiger Nehberg and Tarafa Baghajati met this time Sheikh Prof.Dr Mohamed Said Ramadan Al-Bouti and obtained a similar fatwa against female genital mutilation.
Baghajati is one of the finders and a board member of European Muslim Initiative for Social Cohesion (EMISCO).
Education
Baghajati graduated as civil engineer from Polytechnic University of Timișoara in 1986
Awards
Initiative of Muslim Austrians (IMOE) won democracy award by Margaretha Lupac Stiftung in 2008.
Personal life
He is married to Carla Amina Baghajati since 1990,has four children.
Sophie McShera
Sophie McShera (born 17 May 1985) is an English actress. She played pupil Ros McCain in the BBC One school-based drama series Waterloo Road from 2009 to 2010 and played kitchen maid Daisy Mason in the ITV historical drama series Downtown Abbey from 2010 to 2015. She also played Drizella in the 2015 fantasy adaptation of Cinderella.
McShera was born in Bradford, Yorkshire.
St Luke Passion, BWV 246
The St Luke Passion (Lukas-Passion), BWV 246, is a musical composition. Its author is not known. It was thought that Johann Sebastian Bach wrote the passion. However, the style of the composition is different from Bach's style.
History
The manuscript of the St Luke Passion was written by Johann Sebastian Bach and his son Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach. Franz Hauser bought the manuscript in the early 19th century. He thought that Johann Sebastian Bach was the author of the composition. He asked Felix Mendelssohn for his opinion. Mendelssohn thought that Bach was not the author of the composition. He pointed out that a chorale did not fit Bach's style.
Paul Malékou
Paul Malékou (born November 17, 1938 ) was the Foreign Minister of Gabon for a short time in 1968. He was born in Fougamou, Gabon. Malékou was Director-General of ASECNA from 1975 to 1983.
St Luke Passion, BWV 246
History
It was thought that Bach copied the Passion setting to be performed in Leipzig in 1730. However, this has been proven to be false.
Ain Kaalep
Life
He was born in Tartu, Estonia. Kaalep was a member of the Congress of Estonia. From 1989 to 2001, Kaalep was the editor-in-chief of the journal Akadeemia. In 2002, he was briefly a professor of Liberal Arts at the University of Tartu.
Kaalep died on 9 June 2020 in Tartu from problems caused by Alzheimer's disease, aged 94.
Johnston, Iowa
Johnston is a city in Iowa in the United States. In 2000, about 8,649 people lived there.
Devine, Texas
Devine is a city in Medina County, Texas in the United States. Around 4829 people lived there in 2019.
Bill Burr
William Frederick Burr (born June 10, 1968) is an American stand-up comedian, writer and actor. He is the host of the Monday Morning Podcast, and appeared in the AMC crime-drama show Breaking Bad. In 2013, The New York Times wrote that Burr "has been one of the funniest, most distinctive voices in the country for years. He has released six stand-up specials.
Burr was born in Canton, Massachusetts. His parents are of German and Irish ancestry. His father worked as a dentist. He married producer, director and screenwriter Nia Hill in 2013. Their daughter was born in 2017. As of May 2015, Burr is a licensed helicopter pilot and he has played the drums for a long time.
Rolling Stone magazine called Burr "the undisputed heavyweight champ of rage-fueled humor." Burr often makes himself look like "that loud guy in the bar" with "uninformed logic." In an interview with the The Boston Globe, Burr stated, "I'm the 'dude, bro' guy." He has also been known to not care about being politically correct."
African National Congress
The African National Congress (ANC), supported by the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) and the South African Communist Party (SACP), has been South Africa's governing centre-left political party since the establishment of non-racial democracy in April 1994. It defines itself as a "disciplined force of the left". Members founded the organization as the South African Native National Congress (SANNC) on 8 January 1912 in Bloemfontein to increase the rights of the black South African population. John Dube, its first president, and poet and author Sol Plaatje are among its founding members. The organization became the ANC in 1923 and formed a military wing, the Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation) in 1961.
It has been the ruling party of post-apartheid South Africa on the national level since 1994. It gained support in the 1999 elections, and further increased its majority in 2004, with 69.7% of the votes. In 2009 its share of the vote reduced slightly, but it remained the dominant party with 65.9% of the votes.
History
The government of the newly formed Union of South Africa began a systematic oppression of black people in South Africa. The Natives' Land Act was issued in 1913. The effect of these laws was to force many non-whites from their farms into the cities and towns to work, and to restrict their movement within South Africa. By 1919, the ANC led a campaign against passes, and in 1929 the ANC supported a militant mineworkers' strike.
The ANC became dormant in the mid-1920s. During that time, black people were also represented by the Industrial and Commercial Workers’ Union and the once white-only Communist party. By 1927, J.T. Gumende (president of the ANC) proposed cooperation with the Communists in a bid to revitalise the organisation, but he was voted out of power in the 1930s. This led to the ANC becoming largely ineffectual and inactive, until the mid-1940s when the ANC was remodelled as a mass movement.
The ANC responded militarily to attacks on the rights of black South Africans, as well as calling for strikes, boycotts, and defiance. This led to a later Defiance Campaign in the 1950s, a mass movement of resistance to South Africa under apartheid. The government tried to stop the ANC by banning party leaders and enacting new laws to stop the ANC, however these measures failed.
In 1955, the Congress of the People officially adopted the Freedom Charter, stating the core principles of the South African Congress Alliance, which consisted of the African National Congress and its allies the South African Indian Congress, the South African Congress of Democrats and the Coloured People's Congress. The government claimed that this was a communist document, and consequently leaders of the ANC and Congress were arrested. 1960 saw the Sharpeville Massacre, in which 69 people were killed when police opened fire on anti-apartheid protesters.
Whites eventually joined the fight against apartheid, leading many black supremacists to break away from the ANC.
Carmino Ravosa
Carmino Ravosa (January 29, 1930 – July 19, 2015) was an American composer and lyricist, singer, pianist, as well as a producer, director, and musical historian. Ravosa, who wrote music for children for decades. He was one of the most popular songwriters for schools in the country.
African National Congress
Umkhonto we Sizwe
Umkhonto we Sizwe (or MK), translated "Spear of the Nation", was the military wing of the ANC. Partly in response to the Sharpeville Massacre of 1960, individual members of the ANC thought violence was needed because peaceful passive protest had failed. There was a significant portion of the ANC who therefore turned to violence in order to achieve their goals. A significant portion of ANC leadership agreed that this violence was needed to combat increasing backlash from the government.
Carmino Ravosa
Ravosa was an author and editor for Silver Burdett & Ginn's music textbook series "World of Music" and "The Music Connection", and the composer of the theme musicals in the two series. He also was a songwriter for the CBS children's shows Captain Kangaroo and Romper Room, the PBS program Shining Time Station, and the PBS publication Sesame Street Magazine.
African National Congress
Umkhonto we Sizwe
Some ANC members were upset by the actions of the MK, and refused to accept violence as necessary for the ending of Apartheid, but these individuals became a minority as the militant leaders such as Nelson Mandela gained significant popularity. Many consider their actions to be criminal, but the MK said violence was justified by the goal of ending apartheid. Some members of MK committed terrorist acts to achieve their aims, and MK was responsible for the deaths of both civilians and members of the military. In cooperation with the South African Communist Party, MK was founded in 1961.
Jewell Junction, Iowa
Jewell Junction, also known as simply Jewell, is a city in Iowa in the United States. It is located at 42.3075°N, -93.64111°W (42.307546, -93.641121). According to the census taken in 2000, there were 1,239 people, 475 households, and 341 families living in the city.
African National Congress
Ideology
The ANC calls itself a force of national liberation in the post-apartheid era; it officially defines its umbrella agenda as the National Democratic Revolution. The ANC is a member of the Socialist International. It also sets forth the redressing of socio-economic differences stemming from colonial- and apartheid-era policies as a central focus of ANC policy.
The National Democratic Revolution (NDR) is how the National Democratic Society (NDS) can be achieved; a society in which people are intellectually, socially, economically and politically empowered.
Tripartite Alliance
The ANC holds a historic alliance with the South African Communist Party (SACP) and Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU), known as the Tripartite Alliance. The SACP and COSATU have not contested any election in South Africa, but field candidates through the ANC, hold senior positions in the ANC, and influence party policy and dialogue. During Mbeki's presidency, the government took a more pro-capitalist stance, often running counter to the demands of the SACP and COSATU.
2008 schism
Following Zuma's accession to the ANC leadership in 2007 and Mbeki's resignation as president in 2008, the Mbeki faction of former ministers led by Mosiuoa Lekota split away from the ANC to form the Congress of the People.
ANC flag
The ANC flag is composed of three stripes – black, green and gold. Black symbolizes the native people of South Africa, green represents the land and gold represents the mineral and other natural wealth of South Africa. This flag was also the battle flag of the Umkhonto we Sizwe. The official party flag also has the emblem of the party incorporated onto the flag.
Party list
Politicians in the party win a place in parliament by being on the Party List, which is drawn up before the elections and enumerates, in order, the party's preferred MPs. The number of seats allocated is proportional to the popular national vote, and this determines the cut-off point.
The ANC has also gained members through the controversial floor crossing process.
Although most South African parties announced their candidate list for provincial premierships in the 2009 election, the ANC did not. It is not required for parties to do so.
Role of the ANC in resolving the conflict
The ANC was the main opposition to the government during apartheid and played a major role in resolving the conflict through the peacemaking and peace-building processes. Initially members of the National Party met in secret with ANC leaders, including Nelson Mandela, to see if peace was possible. Discussions and negotiations took place leading to the eventual unbanning of the ANC and other opposing political parties by then President de Klerk on 2 February 1990. These initial meetings were the first crucial steps towards resolution.
The next official step towards rebuilding South Africa was the Groote Schuur Minute where the government and the ANC agreed on a common commitment towards the end of violence and intimidation, as well as a commitment to stability and to a peaceful process of negotiations. The ANC negotiated the release of political prisoners and the immunity from prosecution for returning exiles and moreover channels of communication were established between the Government and the ANC.
Later the Pretoria Minute was another step towards resolution where agreements at Groote Schuur were reconsolidated and steps towards setting up an interim government and drafting a new constitution were established as well as suspension of the military wing of the ANC – the Umkhonto we Sizwe. This step helped end much of the violence within South Africa. Another agreement that came out of the Pretoria Minute was that both parties would try and raise awareness that a new way of governing was being created for South Africa, and that further violence would only hinder this process. However violence still continued in Kwazulu-Natal, which violated the trust between Mandela and de Klerk. Moreover, internal disputes in the ANC prolonged the war as consensus on peace was not reached.
The next significant steps towards resolution were:
These measures ensured no one could claim, or be deprived of any rights on the basis of race.
In December 1991 the Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA) was held with the aim of establishing an interim government. But in June 1992 there was the Boipatong massacre. Negotiations stopped as the ANC pulled out. Only Cyril Ramaphosa of the ANC, and Roelf Meyer of the National Party carried on talking. In over 40 meetings the two men discussed and negotiated over many issues including the nature of the future political system, the fate of over 40,000 government employees and if/how the country would be divided. The result of these negotiations was a temporary constitution that meant the transition from apartheid to democracy was a constitutional continuation and that the rule of law and state sovereignty remained intact during the change, which was vital for stability within the country. A date was set for the first democratic elections on 27 April 1994. The ANC won 62.5% of the votes and has been in power ever since.
Controversy over corrupt members
The most prominent corruption case involving the ANC relates to a series of bribes paid to companies involved in the ongoing R55 billion Arms Deal saga, which resulted in a long term jail sentence to former Deputy President Jacob Zuma's legal adviser Schabir Shaik. Zuma, now the State president, currently faces 7 813 charges relating to alleged fraud, bribery and corruption in the Arms Deal. The ANC has also been criticised for its subsequent abolishment of the Scorpions, the multidisciplinary agency that investigated and prosecuted organised crime and corruption, and was heavily involved in the investigation into Zuma and Shaik.
Other recent corruption issues include the sexual misconduct and criminal charges of Beaufort West municipal manager Truman Prince, and the Oilgate scandal, in which millions of Rand in funds from a state-owned company were allegedly funneled into ANC coffers. Links between factions in the ANC, specifically the ANC Youth League leadership, and businessman Brett Kebble gained media attention following Kebble's murder in September 2005.
In December 2007 the ANC elected their new National Executive Committee (NEC), the highest structure in the party. Out of the 80 member committee, 9% are (post-apartheid) convicted criminals. Most of these members have been convicted of fraud, while one member, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, was convicted of the kidnapping of a 14-year-old boy, James Seipei (1974–1988), also known as Stompie Moeketsi (who was also murdered). According to an article in the Mail & Guardian, "by adding those who have been disciplined or moved, and those with dark clouds of unanswered questions hanging over their heads, the figure shifts to 29%."
The ANC has also been accused of using government and civil society to fight its political battles against opposition parties such as the Democratic Alliance. The result has been a number of complaints and allegations that none of the political parties truly represent the interests of the poor. This has resulted in the "No Land! No House! No Vote!" Campaign which becomes very prominent each time the country holds elections.
Controversy over wasteful expenditure
The main thrust behind this reporting is the official opposition in the country, the Democratic Alliance (DA). They have kept a tally of the expenditure called 'The Wasteful Expenditure Monitor'
According to the DA, this waste could have:
Gia Carangi
Gia Carangi (January 29, 1960 – November 18, 1986) was an American fashion model during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Many people believe she was the first supermodel.
Pechora
Pechora (Печо́ра; Komi: Печӧра, Pečöra) is a town in the Komi Republic in Russia. It is on the Pechora River and nearby the Ural Mountains.
Gia Carangi
Modeling career
Carangi was on the cover of fashion magazines, including many editions of Vogue and Cosmopolitan, and appeared in advertising campaigns for such fashion houses as Armani, Christian Dior, Versace, and Yves Saint Laurent.
James H. Weaver
James Howard "Jim" Weaver (August 8, 1927 – October 6, 2020) was an American politician and environmentalist. He served as the Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from Oregon serving from January 3, 1975 through January 3, 1987.
Gia Carangi
Illness and death
Carangi, a heroin addict, died of AIDS-related complications at the age of 26. She was one of the first famous women to die of the disease.
Fries (disambiguation)
Fries may refer to:
Pechora
History
Pechora was founded in 1940 and given town status in 1949. It was used as a gulag in the Soviet Union from 1932 to 1953.
Transportation
The town has the Pechora Airport and the Pechora Railway for transportation.
Military
Pechora has a military air base and a radar station nearby.
Climate
Pechora has a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc). Winters are very cold while summers are mild.
James H. Weaver
Weaver was born in Brookings, South Dakota. He enlisted in the United States Navy at the age of seventeen and served in World War II on an aircraft carrier in the Pacific. Weaver moved to Oregon from Iowa, in 1947 to attend the University of Oregon.
Weaver died on October 6, 2020 in Eugene, Oregon at the age of 93.
Bad Mojo
Gameplay
This is an adventure game, which means the player moves through the game world and solves puzzles. There is almost no fighting in this game. The player uses the arrow keys to tell the character where to go. Because he is a cockroach, he can only move himself and very small things. For example, the player can use a lit cigarette butt to burn up a spider that wants to eat the player.
Doris Johnson
Doris J. Johnson (born June 23, 1923) is an American former politician. She was born in the state of Washington.
Bad Mojo
Gameplay
Roger can die by being killed by an animal or by getting stuck in one place for too long. For example, if the player makes Roger step in paint, he can be stuck. Like in arcade games, the player has "lives" meaning Roger can die more than once and still keep playing the game. Bad Mojo starts with five lives. The player can also save the game and come back later.
Doris Johnson
Johnson served in the Washington House of Representatives as a Democrat from the 16th District, as well as the 8th District.
Bad Mojo
Gameplay
Touching some things in the game starts a full motion video in which actors give clues.
Doris Johnson
A school counselor, Johnson studied at Western Washington State College and earned a master's degree in education. She was raised in Bellingham, Washington. She married Harold Johnson and had a daughter. She lives in Kennewick, Washington.
Bad Mojo
Gameplay
During the game, the spirit of Roger's dead mother, Angelina, can help the player. He can also talk to other cockroaches.
Someone who is good at video games can play Bad Mojo from beginning to end in about an hour.
Story
Part of the story for this game came from Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka. It is a famous story from 1915. In Metamorphosis, a man called Gregor Samsa wakes up as a giant insect-like monster.
In Bad Mojo, insect scientist Roger Sams has stolen one million dollars. He plans to run away with it. Roger's mother, Angelina, died before the game began. Before leaving with his stolen money, Roger touches a necklace that had been his mother's necklace. It is a magical necklace and it turns him into a cockroach and drops him in the sewer below the building. Roger's human body is still upstairs.
Roger has a mean landlord named Eddie. Eddie keeps the building very dirty, so it is full of roaches, rats and spiders. Many of the puzzles the player solves are about sneaking past rats and other animals.
The game can end four different ways depending on whether only Roger lives at the end of the game, only Eddie lives, they both live or they both die.
Music
The electronica group Xorcist made the music for Bad Mojo. As of 2019, this music was available at Bandcamp.
Animals
Richard Cobbett of PC Gamer said Bad Mojo was "easily the game with the most real-world kills to its name." The gamemakers used many real dead animals to make art for this game.
For one puzzle, the player has to sneak past a trapped rat without being eaten. The gamemakers put a real dead rat on a scanner to make the image. The gamemakers said the only reason they didn't do this with spiders was because the heat of the scanner would turn the spiders' bodies into gas. They also used many live cockroaches and a real dead catfish. They hired a professional cat trainer to manage the real cat, and this cat was not killed or harmed.
Reviews
Reviewers thought Bad Mojo was a very good game. Jeffrey Adams of GameSpot said it had a "poignant story" and "best computer art you've ever seen in a game." Metacritic gave it #10 of the Best Games of 1996 and #9 for the Most Discussed Games of 1996.
Redux
In 2004, Pulse Entertainment released Bad Mojo Redux. It is the same game and story as the original Bad Mojo but updated to run on newer computers. Some of the videos and acting were improved as well.
Loliginidae
Loliginidae, usally known as pencil squids, is a family of squid in the order Myopsida.
Salman Rushdie
Sir Ahmed Salman Rushdie (born 19 June 1947) is an Indian-born British-American novelist and essayist. He is the author of Midnight's Children (1981), which won the Booker Prize. His best known work was The Satanic Verses (1988), which made him a controversial author and caused him to have many death threats.
Fiction
In 1988, Rushdie wrote a book called The Satanic Verses. The book included a fictional story about some characters with a made-up religion. Some people have said that it insults Muhammad, but others disagree. Rushdie said about the story: "his Prophet was not called Muhammad, lived in a city not called Mecca, and created a religion not (or not quite) called Islam. And he appeared only in the dream sequences of a man being driven insane by his loss of faith.". Because of this book, a fatwa was issued by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini of Iran. It called for Rushdie's execution.
Controversy
The leader of the country of Iran talked on the radio about Rushdie. He said that Rushdie did not believe in Islam and that Rushdie should be executed because he thought the book was bad. This is called a fatwa. In the year 1989, the British government began protecting Rushdie. He says he has always been an atheist, but is still interested in religion.
Rushdie was knighted for services to literature in the Queen's Birthday Honours on 16 June 2007. Many nations with Muslim majorities were not happy with this. Pakistan's Religious Affairs Minister Muhammad Ijaz-ul-Haq said the knighthood was wrong. Then the Prime Minister of Pakistan Benazir Bhutto said this was not the way Pakistan thought. Their fathers Zia-ul-Haq and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto were in Rushdie's novel Shame.
The BBC said that "In 1998, the Iranian Government gave a public commitment it would not carry out the death sentence against Mr Rushdie", but some people such as "Iranian hardliners" don't agree.
Personal life
He has been married four times. His last marriage was to actress and model Padma Lakshmi; they divorced in 2007.
2022 stabbing attack
On 12 August 2022, Rushdie was stabbed multiple times by a man right before giving a speech at the Chautauqua Institution in Chautauqua, New York. Rushdie was airlifted to hospital in Erie, Pennsylvania, where he underwent surgery. He was stabbed in the neck and was said to have lost an eye, had nerve damage in his arms, his liver was hurt and he was unable to speak. A day later, Rushdie was taken off the ventilator and was able to speak.
Eastwood, Louisiana
Eastwood is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Bossier Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Homer the Moe
"Homer the Moe" is the 3rd episode of the 13th season of The Simpsons. It was first shown on television on November 18, 2001. In the episode, Moe makes changes to his bar to make it look more modern. Moe's friends do not like the new bar, so his friends start their own bar.
Story
Moe thinks that his bar feels boring. He goes to a university that he used to take classes from and finds one of his old professors. The professor tells Moe to make his bar look more modern. A designer named Formico turns Moe's bar into a post-modern nightclub. Moe now gets more customers than his old bar would.
Homer, Lenny, Carl, and Barney do not like the new changes to Moe's bar. Homer turns his garage into a bar for his friends. Moe sees Homer's bar and tells him that it is illegal to own a bar in a private place. Homer says that his bar is for a hunting club. He gets a law book which says that a hunting club is allowed to serve beverages. Moe does not think that Homer is actually in a hunting club. Homer then says that he will shoot a turkey for Thanksgiving dinner.
Homer tries to find a turkey, but hears a sound made by a cougar. Homer thinks that Moe is the cougar and shoots him on accident. Homer, Moe, and the Simpson family go back to Moe's bar, which was changed back to its old design. The rock band R.E.M. goes to the bar and gives a turkey meal to Moe and the Simpson family.