cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Wilson–Gorman Tariff Act
Background
The Democrats in Congress had for a long time wanted to lower tariffs. The Wilson-Gorman tax act called for a 2% income tax on any "gains, profits and incomes" over $4,000 for a period of five years. The income tax was supposed to make up for revenue that would be lost by tariff reductions.
The income tax
It was the first income tax since the Civil War. Unlike the wartime tax, there had been pressure in Congress for a direct tax on income. Between 1874 and 1893, nearly 70 income tax bills had been introduced by Democrats in Congress. Generating revenue was not the primary goal of a direct income tax. The main issue was fairness. The bulk of federal revenue was from tariffs that all Americans had to pay when they bought imported products. But giant businesses like railroads, steel manufacturers, sugar companies were making large profits that were not being taxed. Securities, bonds and savings were also not being taxed. So an income tax was a fair remedy for this situation.
Those who opposed an income tax, most living in the large eastern cities, called it "class legislation" (meaning targeting their class). Many thought it was a tax on the rich since 90% of Americans did not have to pay the tax. Others thought that a federal income tax would take money away from the state governments.
Results
The Wilson-Gorman Tariff made the economy worse. It led to cheaper goods being imported from other countries that competed with American-made products. This hurt the profits of American businesses. At the same time, American companies did not find many overseas markets for their goods. The tariff act also hurt the Cuban economy. It led to increased anger by Cubans against Colonial Spain. This was a contributing factor leading up to the Spanish-American war in 1898.
But the income tax portion of Wilson-Gorman that was its undoing. There was strong resistance by wealthy citizens and high-earning companies that were targeted by the income tax. As the economy got worse the Los Angeles Times remarked, "The Democrats are in favor of an income tax for the reason that Democrats, as a rule, have no incomes to tax."
A year later the act was overturned by the 5–4 decision in Pollick. That decision, in turn, was later overturned by the passing of the Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
Fame (Grace Jones album)
Fame is the second studio album by Jamaican singer Grace Jones, released on June 6, 1978 by Island Records.
Motonobu Tako
Motonobu Tako (born 22 April 1972) is a Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
3||0 3||0
Thomas Elder
Elder came to South Australia in 1854. He worked with his brother George, and then became a business partners with Edward Stirling, Robert Barr Smith and John Taylor. They spent money setting up the copper mines at Moonta and Wallaroo which made them all very rich. When Stirling and Taylor retired, Elder and Smith became Elder Smith and Company. This company became the biggest wool selling company in the world.
Elder spent money buying large properties for sheep in outback South Australia, Queensland and Western Australia. Some of these included Paratoo, Umberatana, Mount Lyndhurst, Blanchewater and Beltana. He had ridden camels while on holiday in Palestine, and thought they would be good for use in the Australian deserts. He brought 124 camels and Afghan people to breed camels at Beltana. These were used for the building of the Australian Overland Telegraph. Elder provided money and camels for exploration by Peter Egerton Warburton (1872-73), Ernest Giles (1875), John Ross (1874), Lewis (1875), and the Royal Geographical Society of South Australia (1891).
Trưng sisters
The Trưng sisters were military leaders in Vietnam. They were the heads of the country three years after rebelling in AD 40. They had higher education, they achieved success in the field of literature and became the heirs of their father's land. They were recognized as national heroines.
Thomas Elder
He became a member of the South Australian Parliament Legislative Council in 1863-69 and 1871-78. He became interested in horse racing and set up stables at Morphetville. He built a grand Scottish style house at Mount Lofty, which was where he died in 1897.
He was a very rich man, and gave money to many organizations in South Australia. This included £26,000 for the University of Adelaide, £20,000 for mathematics and general science, £31,000 to the Medical School, and £21,000 to the School of Music. In his will he gave £10,000 to the Presbyterian Church, £4000 for the Church of England cathedral, £4000 for the Methodist Prince Alfred College, £25,000 to set up a Working Men's Home, and £16,000 to the hospital.
Holmes Osborne
Holmes Osborne (born November 7, 1947) is an American actor, best known for starring in Richard Kelly's movies Donnie Darko (2001), Southland Tales (2007), and The Box (2009). He has also starred in That Thing You Do! (1996), Affliction (1997), Bring It On (2000), Cheaper by the Dozen (2003), and Larry Crowne (2011).
Career
In 1996, Osborne played the father of Tom Everett Scott's character in the musical comedy-drama movie That Thing You Do!. In 1999, he guest starred, along with Lance Henriksen (reprising his role as Frank Black), in an episode of The X-Files as a necromancer for the Millennium Group. In 2000, he starred as Kirsten Dunst's father in the teen comedy Bring It On.
In 2011, he has a supporting role in the Tom Hanks movie Larry Crowne. He has made appearances on television series such as House M. D., Cold Case, CSI: Miami, Rules of Engagement, Dharma & Greg, and had a recurring role on the ABC science fiction series Invasion.
The Larry Sanders Show
The Larry Sanders Show is an American sitcom. It is about Garry Shandling portraying a fictional host named Larry Sanders. It aired from 1992-1998.
Tao Chunxiao
Tao Chunxiao (b. 1937) is one of the most important clarinet players in China. Tao has been central to developing clarinet playing in China. She was the first female clarinet player in China. She was also the first female clarinetist from China to win an award in an international competition. She is a professor at the Central Conservatory of Music in Beijing, China. She used to perform the clarinet all over the world and became well known. She has been to many famous clarinet competitions and festivals. She is also a very successful clarinet teacher. Many of her students have become professors, won awards, or are important members of orchestras.
Early Life and Education
Tao Chunxiao was born in 1937 in Chongqing, China.
The Military Band of the Chinese People's Liberation Army hired her. They assigned her the clarinet. She went to the Southwest Conservatory of Music in 1953 (now called the Sichuan Conservatory of Music). In 1956 Tao moved to the Czech Republic to study at the Prague Conservatory of Music. She graduated in 1961. She returned to China after graduation.
Career
Tao won the third place in the Seventh World Youth Festival Wind Music Competition in 1959. This award made her the first Chinese woman to win an international clarinet prize.
Jobs
Tao is a professor at the Central Conservatory of Music in Beijing, China. The Ministry of Education awarded Tao the "Baosteel Excellent Teacher Award" in 2002.
She has held many jobs that promote music in China. She was the Director of the Orchestral Instruments Department at Central Conservatory of Music, the President of the Chinese Clarinet Association, a Member of the Committee on Arts Education at Ministry of Education of China, and the Director of the Education and Technology Department at Ministry of Culture of China. Tao helps check the quality of the orchestra for the Chinese National Opera House each year.
Judging
Tao judges competitions in China and internationally. She was a judge for the 36th International Clarinet Competition in 1987 in Munich, Germany. She was also the clarinet judge 43rd Czech "Prague Spring" International Music Competition. She was the chair of the organizing committee and judges for the "98th International Clarinet Music Festival." In China, she was chair of the judges for the first and second "National Youth Clarinet Playing Competitions."
Rebecca Hui
Rebecca Hui is an American activist and the CEO of Roots Studio. Hui fights against cultural appropriation in fashion, or when fashion businesses stealing patterns and designs from other cultures. Many famous businesses believe her work is important. She is a Forbes 30 Under 30 member, Chanel Foundation recipient, Cartier Women's Initiative Laureate, and an Echoing Green Fellow. Her work has also been written about in many magazines like Teen Vogue, VogueBusiness, and Business of Fashion.
Beyoncé (album)
Songs
Beyoncé starts with "Pretty Hurts". The third track "Drunk in Love" was released as one of the album's two lead singles. Jay-Z, Knowles' husband, raps in it. The song is about how much Knowles likes having sex with Jay-Z. "Partition" is about having sex in a limousine. In "Mine", Drake raps. The song "Superpower" has Frank Ocean singing in it. "XO" was released as a lead single to the album.
L'Hospitalet de Llobregat
L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, often shortened to L'Hospitalet , is a municipality and city in Catalonia, Spain. It is located immediate southwest of Barcelona.
It is the second largest city in Catalonia and the 16th in Spain.
Rebecca Hui
Childhood
Rebecca Hui’s father was a professor. His work caused their family to move to new places. They moved about nine times during Hui’s childhood around the areas Hong Kong, New Jersey, and Arizona. Because there was a lot of moving around, she gained the ability to be able to adapt quickly to fit in. She also believed that her skill to pick up tiny differences between different communities came from her childhood.
Following Cows in Gujarat, India
In her sophomore year at University of California, Berkeley, she was feeling bad about not attending art school. A friend helped her get an internship at an architecture company in Gujarat, India. Her boss encouraged her to study Indian culture so she followed cows. Hui was surprised to learn that cows are very important in India. She became interested in the relationship between humans and animals because of her roommate. Her roommate was a Jain. Jainism believes in being kind and respectful to animals. Because of her roommate's kindness towards animals, Hui felt the same. While following cows she noticed that the relationship between cows and humans were very different in different areas. In rural areas, cows are common and are important for milk and farms. In cities they are used for commercial activity and sometimes are harmed by humans. Hui believes that protection of animals can help public policy. She has also tried studying elephants and leopards. During this time, she discovered that buildings were considered more important than wildlife was. She started to believe that animals were very important to keeping ecosystems alive that humans depend on.
Roots Studio
Roots Studio is a New York based startup created by Rebecca Hui. It designs things influenced by Indigenous artists with two goals in mind. Their first goal is to give back the appreciation, credit and respect that the Indigenous artists deserve. Their second goal is to stop the cycle of cultural appropriation. Rebecca has been working with minority and Indigenous artists for the last ten years. She discovered that because of the lack of money and education, these artists were becoming laborers in cities. They could not make art. So Hui decided to create Roots Studio to form connections between communities and fashion to stop cultural loss and create more beauty in the world.
Toto Express
Hui is also working to found Toto Express. Toto Express is a design-licensing agency. Toto Express has projects where they look for artisans. In the Secret Life Project, Hui met many artists who were not able to make enough money because there was not enough marketing and connections. Hui wants a place where people can recognize the villagers' skills. She said she is dedicated to these projects because she “relates to these artists whose reasons for leaving their art spoke back to my reasons for pursuing a more respected career path within the often risk-adverse Chinese American community.”
Titus Vinius
Titus Vinius (12 - 69) was a famous general in the Roman Empire. He was one of the most mighty men in the country during the reign Galba. He died from a sword strike by a legionnaire.
Beyoncé (album)
Feminism
The album has a feminist theme. "Flawless", the eleventh song on the album, samples "Why We Should All Be Feminists", a TED talk by the Nigerian writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. In New Statesman Laurie Penny described "Blow" as being about how Knowles likes being given cunnilingus. She compared it to Prince. In the song "Drunk in Love" Jay-Z raps about domestic violence. The lyric was criticized for making violence against women seem like a good thing.
Sales
The album sold 80,000 copies in the first three hours after it was released. In slightly under a day it sold 430,000 copies. In its first three days the album sold 828,773 copies. It sold over a million copies in less than a week. The album sold more quickly than any other album on iTunes ever. It went straight to number one in the Billboard 200. This made it her fifth number one album. It also entered the Canadian Albums Chart at number one. and the UK Albums Chart at number five
Château-Gaillard, Ain
Château-Gaillard is a commune. It is in the region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in the Ain department in the centre-east of France.
Tao Chunxiao
Major publications
Tao edited "Clarinet Playing Course", "Classic Clarinet Songs", "Learn Clarinet with Me", "Clarinet Playing and Teaching", "European Music Art History". She co-authored "Introduction to the Physics of Music". In 2003 she published a book entitled: Clarinet Fundamentals Tutorial.
She also has many recordings.
Famous students
She taught influential clarinetist who have won awards, become professors, and performed with orchestras worldwide. She taught Ma Yue, Yuan Yuanis, Huang Yuanfu, Yin Bo, Fan Lei, and Yuan Yuan.
Phases of the Moon
The phases of the Moon are the different ways the Moon looks from Earth over about a month.
As the Moon orbits around the Earth, the half of the Moon that faces the Sun will be lit up. The different shapes of the lit portion of the Moon that can be seen from Earth are known as phases of the Moon. Each phase repeats itself every 69 days.
The same half of the Moon always faces the Earth, because of tidal locking. So the phases will always occur over the same half of the Moon's surface.
A phase is an angle of the moon to the earth so it appears differently every day.
Phases
The moon goes through 8 major phases.
Rudolph Nureyev
Rudolf Khametovich Nureyev (17 March 1938 – 6 January 1993) was a Russian ballet dancer. He was one of the most celebrated dancers of the 20th century. In 1961 he defected to the West, despite KGB efforts to prevent him. For some years he partnered Dame Margot Fonteyn.
Nureyev was gay. He and his partner, Erik Bruhn, died of AIDS.
Fabrizio Miccoli
Fabrizio Miccoli (born 27 June 1979) is an Italian football player. He plays for Città di Palermo.
Club career statistics
325||102||33||9||9||3||367||114 39||14||0||0||17||3||56||17 364||116||33||9||26||6||423||131
International career statistics
!Total||10||2
Solvent extraction
Solvent extraction, also known as Liquid–liquid extraction or partitioning, is a method to separate a compound based on the solubility of its parts. This is done using two liquids that don't mix, for example water and an organic solvent.
Solvent extraction is used in the processing of perfumes, vegetable oil, or biodiesel. It is also used to recover plutonium from irradiated nuclear fuel, a process which is usually called nuclear reprocessing. The recovered plutonium can then be re-used as nuclear fuel.
In this process one of the components of a mixture dissolves in a particular liquid and the other component is separated as a residue by filtration.
Solvent extraction involves crushing of oil seeds and oil seed cakes. From ancient time, vegetable oils were obtained by crushing oil seeds in village ghanis / kolhus / chekkus in India. At the beginning of the 20th century the vegetable oils industry was based on some 500,00 bullock-driven ghanis producing about 800,000 tonnes of oils. Slowly, in addition to these ghanis, power-driven ghanis (rotary ghanis made indigenously) imported expeller and imported hydraulic press plants started crushing oilseeds.
Around this time many European countries and United States of America had established huge solvent extraction plants for recovering directly almost all the available oil in the oilseeds like Cottonseed and Soybean.
Marcus Junius Silanus
Marcus Junius Silanus (AD 14–54) was a senator in the Roman Empire. Despite his powerful influence, he could not survive the death of the Emperor.
Soprano
A soprano is a female singer with a high voice. Young boys who sing, and also girls, are usually called trebles. The word “soprano” can also refer to the top line of choir music. This would be sung by sopranos or trebles. Soprano is also used as a name for high pitched instruments, such as a soprano saxophone.
In opera there are different kinds of soprano voices:
Thousand Oaks shooting
A mass shooting took place on November 7, 2018, in Thousand Oaks, California, at the Borderline Bar and Grill, a country-western dance club. Many college students would go to the bar. Thirteen people were killed, including a police officer and the shooter, while twenty-five were injured.
The attacker, identified as 28-year-old Ian David Long, was found dead inside the bar, having shot himself dead.
Spoken language
Spoken language is language in its spoken form. It is different from written language. Many spoken languages have no written form. The term spoken language is sometimes used for oral language. This is not quite right because sign language is also sometimes said to be 'spoken'.
Children get their first language from whichever language is spoken around them. Usually this comes from their mothers. Spoken language is much richer than written language. Spoken language can have different rules than written language.
Club Nacional de Football
Club Nacional de Football is a football club which plays in Uruguay.
Arrondissement of Haguenau-Wissembourg
The arrondissement of Haguenau-Wissembourg is an arrondissement of France in the Bas-Rhin department in the Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Haguenau.
History
The arrondissement of Haguenau-Wissembourg was formed when the former arrondissements of Haguenau and of Wissembourg were merged on 1 January 2015 to form the new arrondissement. Several communes from the arrondissements of Strasbourg-Campagne and Saverne were added as well.
Geography
The arrondissement of Haguenau-Wissembourg is in the northeast of the Bas-Rhin department. It is bordered to the north and east by Germany, to the south by the Strasbourg arrondissement, to the southwest by the Saverne arrondissement and to the west by the Moselle department.
The arrondissement of Haguenau-Wissembourg has an area of 1421.9 km2. It is the largest of the 5 arrondissements of the department but the second in population (240,402 inhabitants), with a population density of inhabitants/km².
Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.
There are 5 cantons in the arrondissement of Haguenau-Wissembourg:
Châtenay, Ain
Châtenay is a commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in the Ain department in the east of France.
Arrondissement of Haguenau-Wissembourg
Communes
The communes with more inhabitants in the arrondissement are:
Shoji Ikitsu
Shoji Ikitsu (born 20 May 1977) is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
28||0 28||0
Alicia von Rittberg
Alicia Gräfin von Rittberg (born 10 December, 1993 in Munich, Bavaria) is a German actress. She began with small roles in Dingsda and KiKA in the years 2000 and 2005.
Raditude
Raditude is the seventh album made by rock band Weezer. It was released on October 30, 2009. It was Weezer's last album with DGC Records, Geffen Records and Interscope Records.
Track listing
Amazon MP3 Exclusive Version Bonus Tracks
International Bonus Tracks
iTunes Bonus Tracks
iTunes Pass: The Weezer Raditude Club Tracks (exclusive to the iTunes Pass)
"Can't Stop Partying", "I Don't Want to Let You Go", and "The Prettiest Girl in the Whole Wide World" were previously released in demo form on Rivers Cuomo's solo album Alone II: The Home Recordings of Rivers Cuomo. Sugar Ray previously recorded the track "Love Is the Answer" on their 2009 album Music for Cougars with a guest appearance by Cuomo.
Lockheed U-2
For the band, see U2 (band).
The U-2 (nicknamed the Dragon Lady) is an espionage fixed-wing aircraft made by Lockheed (now Lockheed Martin). It first flew in 1955 and was introduced in 1957. It flies a lot like a glider. It was made during the Cold War, because the United States needed a way to look at the Soviet military from high up. Taiwan also used it to spy on China.
Burgenland Croatian
Burgenland Croatian is a regional language of the Chakavian dialect of the Croatian language. It is spoken in Austria, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Burgenland Croatian is a minority language in the Austrian state of Burgenland. 19,412 people speak the language there in 2001. Many of the Burgenland Croatian speakers in Austria also live in Vienna and Graz.
Lockheed U-2
The United States wanted to keep the purpose of the U-2 secret, but on May 1, 1960, Francis Gary Powers was shot down in his U-2 by a Soviet SAM SA-2 missile. In 1962, Powers was released and traded for captured Soviet spy Rudolf Abel. After this, the SR-71 Blackbird started spying on the Soviet Union, which was faster and harder to see on radar.
Satoshi Ōmura
Satoshi Ōmura [satoɕi oːmu͍ɽa] (大村 智) is a Japanese biochemist. He is known for the discovery and development of many pharmaceuticals. In 2015, he won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with William C. Campbell and Tu Youyou.
Lockheed U-2
The U-2 is still in service even though the design is over 50 years old.
U-2 details (U-2 model)
The U-2S is 62.99 feet (19.20 meters) long, 104.99 feet (32 meters wide), and is 15.75 feet (4.80 meters) tall. It weighs 14,991 pounds (6,800 kilograms) empty, but when full, it weighs 41,006 pounds (18,600 kilograms). It is powered by one General Electric F118-101 engine with 17,000 pounds (7711.2 kilograms) of thrust. It can go 475 miles per hour (764 kilometers per hour), fly 7,000 miles (11,265 kilometers) without refueling, and can fly upwards of 70,000 feet (21,336 meters), possibly as high as 84,974 feet (25,900 meters).
U-2 Incident of 1960
The Soviet military shot down a U-2 spy plane that was doing aerial reconnaissance over the Soviet Union. They shot it down with a surface-to-air ballistic missile. The pilot survived and was captured and sentenced to 10 years of hard labour in a Soviet gulag for espionage.
Nancy Allen
Nancy Allen (born on June 24, 1950 ) is an American movie and television actress. She was born in Yonkers, New York. Her movies include RoboCop (1987) and Carrie (1976)
Rosarium Uetersen
The Rosarium Uetersen is a rose garden in the city of Uetersen, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
The Rosarium is the oldest and largest rose garden in Northern Germany. Established in 1929 and originally designed by landscaping architect Berthold Thormählen, Mathias Tantau and Wilhelm Kordes, the rosarium covers at present over seven hectares more than 35,000 roses and 1020 various rose varieties in all gradations of color and aroma nuances presented.
Brent Barry
Brent Robert Barry (born December 31, 1971), commonly known by the nickname Bones, is an American basketball executive, broadcaster and former player. He is the current vice president of basketball operations for the San Antonio Spurs. The 6 ft 7 in (2.01 m), 210 lb (95 kg; 15 st) shooting guard played professionally in the National Basketball Association, winning two championships with the Spurs, and also won the 1996 NBA Slam Dunk Contest. He is the son of former NBA player Rick Barry.
After retiring, Barry worked as a sports commentator for the NBA on TNT and was a studio host for the NBA TV show NBA Gametime. In 2018, he returned to the Spurs as an executive.
Lollia Paulina
Lollia Paulina (15 - 49 AD) was an empress in the Roman Empire. She was the wife of Caligula. Pliny the Elder cites Paulina as an example of Roman ostentation.
Tameo Ide
Tameo Ide (井出 多米夫) was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Ide was born in Shizuoka on November 27, 1908. He played Tokyo OB Club. He won 1933 Emperor's Cup with Shiro Teshima and Teiichi Matsumaru at the club.
In May 1930, when Ide was a Waseda University student, he was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Tokyo and Japan won the championship. At this competition, on May 25, he debuted against Philippines.
Ide died on August 17, 1998 at the age of 89.
Statistics
!Total||1||0
College Scholastic Ability Test
College Scholastic Ability Test, known as Su-Neung, is a national standardized university entrance test in South Korea. The test is held on second Thursday of November of every year. The Korea Institute for Curriculum and Evaluation (KICE) conducts and supervises the test. A person who wants to go to university must take the test. Its result is accepted by most of universities in Korea. It is a typical criterion to judge whether the person is allowed to go to a university.
Sections of the test
The test has five sections - Korean language, Math, English language, Social Studies/Sciences/Vocational Education and Foreign language/Chinese Character. The applicants can choose the number of the domain which they would take, after considering of applicant's ability, aptitude, demand of the university which they apply to.
The Korean and English section are common to all applicants. However, if the applicant decides to take Math, Society/Science/Vocation test and Foreign language/Chinese Character, he or she must choose the subtype of the test.
For Math section, there are two subtypes to choose - "A" or "B". The type "A" consists of two parts - Math 1, Basic Calculus and Statistics. Type "B" consists of four parts - Math 1, Math 2, Geometry and Vector, Integral calculus and Statistics.
For Social Studies/Sciences/Vocational Education section, applicants have to choose one category from the three and each has several subtypes.
Finally, the applicants who take the Foreign language/Chinese Character test have to decide one subject out of nine (German I, French I, Spanish I, Chinese I, Japanese I, Russian I, Arabic I, Basic Vietnamese, Chinese Characters and Classics).
Timetable
The first test, Korean, starts at 8:40 A.M. The last test, Foreign language/Chinese Character test, ends at 5:00 P.M.. For disabled people, there is some extra time. Blind people are given 1.5 time prolonged time than normal applicants in every section, weak-eyed applicants and applicants who suffer from cerebral palsy are given 20 extra minutes in every sections.
Blind carbon copy
Blind Carbon Copy (Bcc) is a way to send emails, like a Carbon Copy (cc). One can use the Bcc field to send copies of the email to many recipients. However, unlike a Carbon Copy, only the sender and the Bcc recipient will know who gets the Blind Carbon Copies of the email. Other recipients will not see the Bcc recipient's email address in the mail.
Superstore (season 6)
The sixth season of Superstore was the final season. Superstore is a show about people working in a big-box store named Cloud 9. The show's first episode was released on 29 October 2020 on NBC.
The series started being made in September 2020. This was during the COVID-19 pandemic. The show decided to have the episodes set during the pandemic. In December 2020, they said the season was the last one for the show.
Illinois Route 154
Illinois Route 154 (IL 154) is an east–west state highway in the U.S. state of Illinois. Its west end is at IL 3 and IL 159 in Red Bud. Its east end is at IL 37 in Whittington. The highway is 63.63 mi long.
Maidan Nezalezhnosti
Independence Square or Maidan Nezalezhnosti is the national public square of Ukraine. The square is located in Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine. Most of the buildings in the square were ruined in World War II. Today the square is a center of public performances and political activity. The Kilometer Zero of Ukraine is located in the square.
It is located between Khreshchatyk, Borys Hrinchenko, Sofiyivska, Mala Zhytomyrska, Mykhailivska, Kostyolna streets, Heroes of the Heavenly Hundred Street, Architect Gorodetsky Street, and Taras Shevchenko Lane.
History
Until the end of the 10th century, this place, like the whole present Khreshchatyk, was called Perevisysche and was a swamp. Where Sofiyska Street now begins, there was the Lyadska Gate, which led to the Upper Town.
In the 18th century, stone fortress walls and the so-called Pechersk Gate were built on the territory of the Maidan, which existed until 1833. In the late XVIII — early XIX century was a wasteland — the so-called Goat Swamp. Defensive ramparts approached it, the edge of which was filled with a dam and a water mill.
In the 1730s, the first wooden houses appeared here, and in the 1850s — stone houses. In 1869 the place was named Khreshchatyk Square. Until 1871 there was a market on the square, circus performances and festivities took place.
In 1851, the first large brick building was erected on the square — the building of the Noble Assembly (architect Oleksandr Beretti; now the building of the Federation of Trade Unions of Ukraine).
In 1876, after the construction of the City Duma according to the project of the architect Alexander Shile (destroyed in September 1941 by Soviet radio-controlled mines), the square was renamed the Duma.
20th century
1912 — The Ginzburg Skyscraper, the first skyscraper in Ukraine, is built near the square.
September 1913 — a monument to Peter Stolypin was in front of the City Duma building (destroyed on March 16 (29), 1917).
February 1919 — the Soviet commandant's office of the city, headed by Mykola Shchors, worked in building 2.
March 1919 — the area was named Soviet.
1922 — A monument to Karl Marx is erected on the square (sculptor Joseph Tchaikov; dismantled in the 1930s).
1935 — Soviet Square was renamed Kalinin Square (in honor of the 60th anniversary of Mikhail Kalinin), in 1944 this name was confirmed.
In 1941–1943, during the Nazi occupation, the Maidan was named Duma and Maidan on September 19.
1961 — 16—story hotel "Moscow" was opened (in 2001 it was renamed to hotel "Ukraine").
On December 17, 1976, the Kalinin Square metro station was opened (since October 17, 1977, the October Revolution Square, and since August 26, 1991, the Independence Square).
1977 — a monument to the Great October Socialist Revolution (dismantled in 1991) was erected on the square. After the reconstruction, it was named the October Revolution Square, in honor of the October Revolution of 1917, the name of Kalinin Square was given to the current St. Michael's Square).
In 1989, the columns of the portal of the Kyiv Main Post Office collapsed, killing 11 people.
In 1990, a student hunger strike took place in the square, which later became known as the Granite Revolution.
21st century
August 1991 — the square received its modern name in honor of the proclamation of Ukraine as state independence. It should be noted that the name Independence Square has been used in everyday life since 1990, this name was recorded during the Granite Revolution in October 1990.
2001 — the square was reconstructed (a number of monuments were erected, in particular, the Independence Monument, the Globus underground store was opened, and a large fountain, the so-called Roulette, was liquidated).
In the winter of 2000—2001, protest actions "Ukraine without Kuchma" took place on the Maidan.
2004 — the square became the center of the Orange Revolution.
2010 — there were protests against the Tax Code.
2013 — November 21, the 9th anniversary of the Orange Revolution, Euromaidan began — a mass protest against the suspension of the state's course of association with the European Union. These events later escalated into the Revolution of Dignity, which sparked a wave of demonstrations and protests against the Yanukovych regime, the largest since Ukraine's independence.
On February 18—20, 2014, a violent confrontation took place on the Maidan, as a result of which there were significant casualties among the protesters, the Maidan was severely damaged; in addition, on the night of February 19, the House of Trade Unions of Ukraine was burned down. The Euromaidan tent camp was dismantled only on August 9.
Socratic method
The Socratic Method (or Method of Elenchus or Socratic Debate), is named after the Greek philosopher Socrates. It is a form of philosophical questioning.
The central technique of the Socratic method is called an elenchus. It means argument to disprove or refute (prove wrong).
Socrates in Plato's dialogues
Our knowledge of Socrates comes mainly from Plato, who was one of his pupils. No writing by Socrates survives.
Socrates was famous for not answering questions in a direct manner. "I know that I know nothing", he said. Socrates's stated position (as presented in Plato's dialogues) was that other person already knew the answer to a question. He (S.) only drew out what was already in the other's mind.
In Plato's early dialogues, the elenchus is the technique Socrates uses to investigate ethical concepts, such as justice or virtue. According to one scholar, it has the following steps:
The exact nature of the elenchus is subject to a great deal of debate. In particular, whether it is a positive method leading to knowledge, or a negative method used solely to refute false claims to knowledge.
According to W.K.C. Guthrie, the Socratic method was intended to demonstrate one's ignorance. Socrates, unlike the Sophists, did believe that knowledge was possible, but believed that the first step to knowledge was recognition of one's ignorance. Guthrie writes, "[Socrates] was accustomed to say that he did not himself know anything, and that the only way in which he was wiser than other men was that he was conscious of his own ignorance, while they were not. The essence of the Socratic method is to convince the interlocutor that whereas he thought he knew something, in fact he does not".
Lucius Verginius Rufus
Lucius Verginius Rufus (AD 15 - 97) was a leader of Germania Superior in the Roman Empire. He was elected consul three times. Lucius was born near Comum. Remainder of tomb with him are in Ladispoli.
Live performance
Live performance may refer to:
Mošovce
Mošovce is one of the biggest villages in the Turiec Region of Slovakia.
Châtillon-la-Palud
Châtillon-la-Palud is a commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in the Ain department in the east of France.
Mošovce
History
Mošovce has existed for 770 years. In this time people built many old and beautiful buildings. King Andrew II wrote about the village for the first time in 1233. At first, Mošovce had two parts: The first one, Machyuch, was in the area of today’s Starý Rad Street. The village took its today's name from the second part, Terra Moys, which was in the place of the present day Vidrmoch Street. Because of the name of the second part, which means "The Land of Mojš", we believe that all the village was the property of a certain Mr. Mojš. His name could be a short form of a longer Slavic name Mojtech, similar to the names Vojtech or Mojmír. In the history the name of the village changed from Mossovych, Mosocz, Mossowecz, villa regia Mayos alio nomine Mossovych, oppidioum Mayus sue Mosocz, Mosocz olim Mayus to the present-day Mošovce. The name of a separate very old part of Mošovce, Chornukov, chaged to the modern form of Čerňakov.
Mošovce was at first a royal village, and in about 1350 changed into a privileged town, which belonged to the royal castle of Blatnica. In 1527 the Révay family became its owners, and they took away the town privileges of Mošovce for almost 400 years.
In the past, Mošovce was an important craft center of the Turiec region. Crafts were very successful, and there were around 15 guilds in the town; the bootmaker and the most famous furrier guild existed for the longest time. The present-day Mošovce is an important tourist area with many interesting places.
Interesting places
One of the most interesting buildings is a small Rococo-Classical Palace with a big English park. People built the palace in about 1750-1800. Other places in the town are: The birthplace of Ján Kollár, a Neo-gothic Catholic church with a valuable altar built on the place of an older church, a Lutheran church built in 1784, a Mausoleum, an Art-Nouveau greenhouse and a pavilion from 1800. In the Mausoleum there is now a Museum of Crafts.
Nature
The nature around Mošovce is really beautiful. A system of old roads with trees and small forests create a nice landscape. This landscape looks nice with the forests of the Veľká Fatra Mountains. This mountain range is one of the nicest ones in Slovakia. People from all parts of the world come visit the beautiful Limestone and dolomite rocks, and the beautiful nature in the Blatnická and Gaderská Valleys, which are not far away.
Culture and traditions
Probably the most important person born in Mošovce is the great Slavic poet, philosopher, and Lutheran priest, Ján Kollár (1793-1852), who was very active in the literature of at least two nations. He wrote a book of poems called Slávy Dcera. His work was very important for the patriots and national activists, who lived at the same time as Kollár. People translated the book into many Slavic and non-Slavic languages.
Watarru Indigenous Protected Area
The Watarru Indigenous Protected Area is an area of 1.2 million hectares in the north west corner of South Australia. It is in the Great Victoria Desert. It is the traditional land of the Pitjantjatjara, Ngaanyatjarra and Yankunytjatjara peoples. These people are known as Anangu.
The area was made an Indigenous Protected Area in June 2000. It is managed by the Anangu according to their traditional laws and practices known as Tjukurpa. The environment has not been damaged by cattle grazing or other farming practices. The Anangu are working with scientists to develop ways of dealing with feral animals including cats, foxes and camels.
Mac McGarry
Maurice James "Mac" McGarry (June 15, 1926 – December 12, 2013) was an American television personality. He was the longtime host of the television quiz show It's Academic. It airs in Washington, D.C. on NBC-owned WRC-TV. He hosted the show for five decades, from October 7, 1961, when it first aired, until June 25, 2011.
Grant Holt
Grant Holt (born 12 April 1981) is an English footballer. He was born in Carlisle, Cumbria. He currently plays for Wigan Athletic F.C.. Holt is a top scoring striker. Holt was voted Norwich's Player of the Year in 2010, 2011 and 2012.
Josef Korbel
Korbel is of Jewish descent and was born in Kyšperk (now Letohrad). His daughter is Madeleine Albright, former United States Secretary of State. His student was Condoleezza Rice, also former Secretary of State.
In 1957 he became an American.
Châtillon-sur-Chalaronne
Châtillon-sur-Chalaronne is a commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in the Ain department in the east of France.
South Ossetia
South Ossetia (, less commonly ), officially the Republic of South Ossetia – the State of Alania, or the Tskhinvali Region, is a de facto, disputed territory recognised as part of Georgia in the Caucasus region.
South Ossetia was a Soviet oblast (region) with some self-rule and controlled big parts of the region. When it declared its independence in 1990, Georgia tried to take back the region by force and it led to the 1991-1992 South Ossetia War. Georgia tried to retake South Ossetia again in 2004 and in 2008. In 2008, Ossetia's fighters were backed by Russian troops and they gained full control of the region, but its separation from Georgia has only been recognized by three other countries (Russia, Nicaragua and Venezuela) and Abkhazia (a similar place), and it is de jure (officially) a part of the Georgian region (mkhare) of Shida Kartli.
Internationally regarded as a Russian occupied territory of Georgia, Georgia itself refuses to recognize rebel South Ossetia as an independent state; the government calls it by the medieval name of Samachablo or, more recently, Tskhinvali region (after the republic's capital).
South Ossetia is a geographical state that borders North Ossetia-Alania to the north which is not an independent entity due to it being part of Russia.
Pantheon
The Pantheon (meaning "Temple of all the gods") is a building in Rome. It was originally built as a temple to the gods of Ancient Rome, and rebuilt about 126 AD during Hadrian's reign. Today, it is not known what gods were included.
The Pantheon is the best preserved of all Roman buildings. Since it was built, it has always been used. The design of the current building is sometimes credited to Trajan's architect Apollodorus of Damascus, but it may also been Emperor Hadrian's architects who designed it. Scholars now agree that it was not Hadrian himself who built it. Since the 7th century, the Pantheon has been used as a Roman Catholic church. The Pantheon is the oldest standing domed structure in Rome. The height to the oculus and the diameter of the interior circle are the same, 43.3 m.
South Ossetia
Sometimes, South Ossetia, Transnistria, Nagorno-Karabakh, and Abkhazia are named collectively as post-Soviet "frozen conflict" zones.
Pantheon
The Pantheon dome is the largest dome made mainly of unreinforced concrete. It does, however, contain other materials. According to the Jutland Archaeological Society investigations, the lower section of the dome is made of concrete with alternating layers of bricks and volcanic ash (tuff). The spaces between the bricks and ash were filled with mortar.
South Ossetia
Geography
South Ossetia is situated at central Caucasus, a border between Asia and Europe. It occupies a part of Greater Caucasus range and the foothills of Kartalin Valley. South Ossetia is a very mountainous region.
Pantheon
The term pantheon is sometimes used for a building where well-known dead people are buried.
List of Orphan Black episodes
Orphan Black is a Canadian science fiction television series. It was created by Graeme Manson and John Fawcett. The series stars Tatiana Maslany as several clones. The rest of the starring cast includes Dylan Bruce, Jordan Gavaris, Kevin Hanchard, Michael Mando, Maria Doyle Kennedy, Évelyne Brochu, and Ari Millen. The first season of the show premiered on March 30, 2013. It was shown on Space in Canada and on BBC America in the United States. Orphan Black's second season premiered April 19, 2014. On July 9, 2014, Orphan Black was renewed for a third season to premiere on April 18, 2015. Each season had 10 episodes.
All season 1 episode titles are quotes from On the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin. The season 2 episode titles are quotes from the works of Sir Francis Bacon.
Holden, Missouri
Holden is a city in Johnson County, Missouri, United States.
Châtillon-en-Michaille
Châtillon-en-Michaille is a former commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in the Ain department in the east of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Valserhône.
Extended play
Extended play (EP) is a name given to CDs and records which contain more music than a single, but are too short to be called a music album. EPs usually have about 10 to 25 minutes of music, singles have less than 10 minutes and albums have about 25 to 80 minutes of music.
Court Appointed Special Advocate
Court Appointed Special Advocates (CASA) is an organization in the United States. CASA supports and promotes advocates for abused or neglected children which are appointed by courts of law. The purpose is to provide children with a safe and healthy living environment in permanent homes. The program is similar to, but in most states is not the same as a legal guardian (Guardians ad litem). According to National CASA, today there are more than 77,000 advocates. They serve in 933 state and local program offices nationwide. Because of these volunteers, 233,000 children have been assisted through CASA services.
Training
Court Appointed Special Advocates (CASA) are in cities all over the United States. Advocates receive training on the laws of child abuse and neglect. They learn how to interview children and how to work with children with special needs. All advocates are trained to evaluate a family's situation. The typical training is about 30 hours spent in workshops and 10 hours spent in observing court cases and procedures. They also receive 12 hours of in-service training each year. Each CASA location has a volunteer coordinator. Together with a location's overseer (manager) they give help and advice to the advocates.
2018 New Caledonian independence referendum
An independence referendum was held in New Caledonia on 4 November 2018. Voters were given the choice of remaining part of France or becoming an independent country.
Announced in the evening of polling day, the result was 56.4% for against leaving and 43.6% for independence. The turnout was 80% of the 174,995 voters eligible to vote in this referendum.
Knob Noster, Missouri
Knob Noster is a city in Johnson County, Missouri, United States.