cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Battle of the Coral Sea
Recovery, reassessment, and retreat
As TF 17 got its aircraft back, Fletcher thought about the situation. Fletcher knew both his carriers were hurt and that he had lost a lot of fighters. Fuel was also a problem due to the loss of Neosho. At 14:22, Fitch told Fletcher that there were two undamaged Japanese carriers. Fletcher pulled TF17 out from the battle. Fletcher radioed MacArthur the position of the Japanese carriers and suggested that he attack them with bombers.
Around 14:30, Hara informed Takagi that only 24 Zeros, eight dive bombers, and four torpedo planes from the carriers were working. Takagi was worried about his ships' fuel levels; his cruisers were at 50% and some of his destroyers were as low as 20%. At 15:00 Takagi said he had sunk two American carriers – Yorktown and a "USS Saratoga (CV-3)-class". Inoue called the invasion convoy to Rabaul, postponed MO to 3 July, and ordered his forces to gather northeast of the Solomons to begin the RY operation.
Aboard Lexington, an explosion killed 25 men and started a large fire. Around 14:42, another large explosion occurred, starting a second fire. A third explosion occurred at 15:25. Lexington's crew began abandoning ship at 17:07. After the carrier's survivors were rescued, including Fitch and the carrier's captain, Frederick C. Sherman, at 19:15 the destroyer USS Phelps (DD-360) fired five torpedoes into the burning ship, which sank in 2,400 fathoms at 19:52 (-15.25°N, 155.58333°W).
Two hundred and sixteen of the carrier's 2,951-man crew sunk with the ship, along with 36 aircraft. Phelps and the other warships left to rejoin Yorktown, which departed at 16:01, and TF17 moved to the southwest. Later that evening, MacArthur informed Fletcher that eight of his B-17s had attacked the invasion convoy and that it was moving to the northwest.
That evening, Crace sent Hobart, which was low on fuel, and the destroyer USS Walke (DD-416), which was having engine trouble, to Townsville. Crace remained on patrol in the Coral Sea in case the Japanese invasion force tried to go towards Port Moresby.
A new type of naval war
The battle was the first naval battle in history in which the ships never saw or fired directly at each other. Instead, aircraft were used to attack each other.
This was a carrier-versus-carrier battle. Neither commander had experience with this. The commanders had poor communications. This was hard, because the battle took place over a large area. The planes flew so fast that it meant there was not much time to make decisions.
The Japanese had problems because Inoue was too far away at Rabaul to direct his naval forces. Fletcher was on a carrier, so it was easier for him to direct his forces. The Japanese admirals did not share information quickly.
The experienced Japanese carrier aircrews did better than those of the U.S. The Japanese aircrews did more damage with the same number of aircraft. The Japanese attack on the American carriers on 8 May was better organized than the U.S. attack on the Japanese carriers.
Kirtankhola
Kirtankhola (কীর্তনখোলা) is a river that starts from Sayeshtabad in Barisal district and ends into the Gajalia near Gabkhan khal (canal). The total length of the river is about 160 km.
Marvel Comics
Marvel Comics (or simply Marvel) is an American comic book company that makes "superhero" comic books and the imprint of Marvel Worldwide Inc. (formerly Marvel Publishing, Inc. and Marvel Comics Group), part of Marvel Entertainment. Its top rival is DC Comics (the publications of Superman, Batman and Wonder Woman). In 2009, The Walt Disney Company bought Marvel for US$4 billion.
Marvel was started in 1939 by Martin Goodman as Timely Comics, and by 1951 had generally become known as Atlas Comics. The Marvel era began in 1961, the year that the company launched The Fantastic Four and other superhero titles created by Stan Lee, Jack Kirby, Steve Ditko and many others.
The company features many iconic and famous superheroes such as Spider-Man, Iron Man, Captain America, Thor, Doctor Strange, Hulk, Daredevil, Wolverine, Black Panther, and Captain Marvel. The fictional teams such as the Avengers, the X-Men, the Fantastic Four, and the Guardians of the Galaxy are very popular. Marvel's most well-known villains include Doctor Doom, Magneto, Ultron, Thanos, Kang the Conqueror, Green Goblin, Red Skull, Galactus, Loki, and Kingpin. The majority of its publications takes place within the fictional Marvel Universe, with most locations mirroring real-life places; many major characters are based in New York City. Additionally, Marvel has published several licensed properties from other companies. This includes Star Wars comics twice from 1977 to 1986 and again since 2015.
Battle of the Coral Sea
A new type of naval war
The Japanese had much higher losses to their carrier aircrews. They lost ninety aircrew killed in the battle compared with thirty-five for the Americans. Japan's highly skilled carrier aircrews could not be replaced because the training programs could not produce enough new aircrew. There were not training programs to produce skilled pilots. Coral Sea was the start of Japan losing its experienced aircrews.
Renminbi
The renminbi (RMB, ¥; code: CNY; also CN¥, 元 and CN元) is the currency of the People's Republic of China. It is the main currency used in mainland China. It is also sometimes accepted in Hong Kong and Macau, and can be easily exchanged in those territories. The currency is issued by the People's Bank of China, the monetary authority of China. Its name means "people's currency".
Currently, only ¥20,000 can be taken in or out of China without declaring it, or telling customs that you have it.
Battle of the Coral Sea
A new type of naval war
The Americans did learn from their mistakes in the battle. They made improvements to their carrier fighting approach. The Americans improved their anti-aircraft defences. Radar gave the Americans an advantage in this battle.
Following the loss of Lexington, improved methods for carrying airplane fuel and better ways of dealing with damage were developed by the Americans. Coordination between the Allied land-based air forces and the U.S. Navy was poor during this battle.
Japanese and U.S. carriers would fight again in the battles of Midway, the Eastern Solomons, and the Santa Cruz Islands in 1942, and the Philippine Sea in 1944. Each of these battles had an impact on what would happen in the Pacific War.
Tactical and strategic implications
Both sides claimed victory after the battle. In terms of ships lost, the Japanese won a victory by sinking an American fleet carrier, an oiler, and a destroyer – 41826 LT. The Americans sunk a light carrier, a destroyer, and several smaller warships – 19000 LT. Lexington was one quarter of U.S. carrier strength in the Pacific. The Japanese public was told it was a victory.
The Allies won because the sea invasion of Port Moresby was stopped. This meant that supply lines between the U.S. and Australia were protected. Although pulling Yorktown away from the Coral Sea was like giving the sea area to the Japanese, the Japanese stopped their invasion plans.
The battle was the first time that a Japanese invasion force was stopped. This improved the morale of the Allies. The Allies had been defeated by the Japanese during the first six months of the Pacific War.
Port Moresby was important to the Allies. The US Navy said that the damage it did to the Japanese was greater than what it really did.
The battle affected the planning of both sides. Without in New Guinea, the Allied advance would have been more difficult. For the Japanese, the battle was seen as a problem. The battle showed the Japanese that American were not that good in battle. The Japanese thought that future carrier attacks against the U.S. would be successful.
Midway
One of the most important effects of the Coral Sea battle was the loss of JAPANESE AIRCRAFT CARRIER Shōkaku and JAPANESE AIRCRAFT CARRIER Zuikaku.
Marvel Comics
History
The precursor to Marvel Comics was founded in 1939 by pulp magazine publisher Martin Goodman. In order to capitalize on the growing popularity of comic books—especially those starring superheroes—Goodman created Timely Comics. Timely’s first comic book was Marvel Comics no. 1 (cover dated October 1939), which featured several superhero characters, most notably the Human Torch and the Sub-Mariner. Timely Comics introduced many superhero characters during comics’ “Golden Age” in the 1940s, most importantly Captain America, who first appeared in Captain America Comics no. 1 (March 1941). Timely characters were often portrayed as fighting against the Nazis and the Japanese even before the United States entered World War II. As the 1940s came to a close, superheroes fell out of vogue with comic book readers, and Timely canceled the last of its books in this genre in 1950. In 1951, Goodman formed his own distribution company, and Timely Comics became Atlas Magazines. Though there was a brief experiment in bringing back superheroes such as Captain America in 1953, Atlas’s output was mostly in other genres such as humour, westerns, horror, war, and science fiction.
Battle of the Coral Sea
Midway
Yamamoto wanted to use these carriers to battle American carriers at Midway (Shōhō was supposed to support the Japanese invasion ground forces). The Japanese thought that they sank two carriers in the Coral Sea, but this still left at least two more U.S. Navy carriers, Enterprise and Hornet, which could fight at Midway.
Marvel Comics
History
In 1956, rival company DC Comics ushered (guide) in the so-called Silver Age of comics by reintroducing superhero titles with significant commercial success. In the early 1960s Atlas changed its name to Marvel Comics. For several decades Marvel and DC were the top companies in the industry. Throughout the 1980s and ’90s Marvel changed hands numerous times, becoming a publicly held company in 1991. Questionable management decisions and a general slump in sales in the comic book industry drove Marvel Comics into bankruptcy in 1996. The company emerged from bankruptcy in 1998 and began to diversify its output, launching imprints aimed at a variety of demographics and expanding its cinematic offerings under the Marvel Studios banner. In 2007 Marvel began publishing digital comics. In 2009 the Walt Disney Company purchased the parent company of Marvel Comics.
Battle of the Coral Sea
Midway
American carriers had more planes than Japanese carriers. The US also had land-based aircraft at Midway. This meant that the Japanese did not have more planes at Midway. The Americans would have three carriers at Midway, because Yorktown could still sail, even with the damage from Coral Sea. The U.S. Navy was able to repair Yorktown at Pearl Harbor between 27 and 30 May so that she could fight in the battle.
At Midway, USS Yorktown (CV-5)'s aircraft were important in sinking two Japanese carriers. Yorktown also took a lot of the Japanese air attacks at Midway which would have been directed at the other American carriers.
Marvel Comics
Marvel Universe
The shared storytelling universe known as the Marvel Universe was unveiled in 1961, when Goodman responded to the growing interest in superhero books by commissioning writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby to create the Fantastic Four. With the release of Fantastic Four no. 1 (November 1961), readers were introduced to a super heroic setting that was, nevertheless, rooted in the real world. Lee and Kirby tried to make their comic book characters more original by allowing them to interact with each other in a realistic fashion, including heroes often fighting or arguing with each other. This trend continued with a flood of other superhero characters introduced by Marvel Comics during the early 1960s, including Spider-Man, the Incredible Hulk, the X-Men and the Fantastic Four. Lee wrote the majority of Marvel’s books during that time, and Jack Kirby and Steve Ditko were the most important and influential artists.
Battle of the Coral Sea
Midway
The Americans worked hard to get the maximum number of forces for Midway. The Japanese did not try to include Zuikaku in the operation. The Japanese did not try to put the Shōkaku aircrews with Zuikaku's air groups or provide Zuikaku with new aircraft. Shōkaku had a damaged flight deck which required three months of repair in Japan.
Marvel Comics
Marvel Universe
This more realistic approach to characterizations built up Marvel’s reputation and began to attract university-age readers. Stories also began to deal with social issues such as pollution, race relations, and drug abuse. A Spider-Man story arc from 1971 dealing with drug abuse had to be submitted without the approval of the Comic Code Authority—the self-regulatory body that had policed comic content since 1954—despite the fact that it was portraying drug use in a negative light. This caused the Comic Code Authority to revise its policy in such matters.
Battle of the Coral Sea
Midway
Historians H. P. Willmott, Jonathan Parshall, and Anthony Tully think Yamamoto made an error in deciding support the MO. Since Yamamoto thought the big battle with the Americans would be at Midway, he should not have sent fleet carriers to less important battle like MO. Japanese naval forces were weakened at both the Coral Sea and Midway battles, which allowed the Allies to defeat them.
Marvel Comics
Marvel Universe
The late 1960s and early 1970s saw a new generation of creative talent emerge at Marvel. In 1967 Jim Steranko began to write and draw stories featuring secret agent Nick Fury in the anthology book Strange Tales. Steranko was influenced in his work by James Bond films and the psychedelic and Op art movements, and the resulting stories melded groundbreaking visuals with equally innovative storytelling techniques. Writer Chris Claremont and artist John Byrne began a long collaboration on The Uncanny X-Men in 1975. The pair revitalized the flagging series with characters such as Wolverine and complex story arcs that soon made the X-Men franchise one of Marvel’s best sellers.
In 1985, Mark Gruenwald started a people acclaimed 10-year run as the writer of Captain America. That same year he also began the miniseries Squadron Supreme (1985–86), a deconstructionist take on superheroes that preceded Alan Moore’s graphic novel Watchmen, submitted by DC Comics. The 1980s also saw Frank Miller’s stint on Daredevil, which took that book in a darker and grittier direction, reviving sagging sales and making it one of Marvel’s best sellers. In 1988, Todd MacFarlane began a popular run as artist on The Amazing Spider-Man. Four years later MacFarlane and a number of other popular artists, including Jim Lee, Erik Larsen, and Rob Liefeld, left Marvel to found rival Image Comics, a company that allowed creators to retain the copyrights of their characters.
Battle of the Coral Sea
Midway
Yamamoto did not notice another thing about the Coral Sea battle. The Americans put their carriers the right place and time to fight the Japanese. U.S. Navy carrier aircrews showed skill and tried to do major damage to the Japanese carrier forces. Japan lost four fleet carriers at Midway, which made Japan start to lose the Pacific War.
Situation in the South Pacific
The Australians and U.S. forces in Australia were disappointed with the Battle of the Coral Sea. They thought that the MO operation was going to lead to an invasion of the Australian mainland. In a meeting held in late May, the Australian Advisory War Council said the battle was disappointing since the Allies knew about the Japanese plans.
Marvel Comics
Marvel Universe
During the 1990s and early 2000s, a new wave of writers, including Brian Michael Bendis (Daredevil, The Avengers), Jonathan Hickman (Fantastic Four), and Ed Brubaker (Captain America), became well known for their mature and sometimes controversial takes on Marvel’s characters. The 2010s saw the emergence of another new wave of talent, with writer Matt Fraction and artist David Aja turning in a visually arresting run on Hawkeye, longtime Spider-Man writer Dan Slott teaming with artist Mike Allred for a bold take on a classic character in Silver Surfer, and writer G. Willow Wilson and artist Adrian Alphona breaking new ground with their people acclaimed Ms. Marvel.
Battle of the Coral Sea
Situation in the South Pacific
General MacArthur told Australian Prime Minister John Curtin that Japanese forces could attack anywhere if supported by the IJN.
Because of the losses in carriers at Midway, the Japanese were unable to invade Port Moresby from the sea. Japan tried to capture Port Moresby by land. Japan began its attack towards Port Moresby along the Kokoda Track on 21 July from Buna and Gona.
Marvel Comics
Offices
Located in New York City, Marvel has had successive headquarters:
Battle of the Coral Sea
Situation in the South Pacific
By then, the Allies sent more troops to New Guinea. The added forces slowed and stopped the Japanese advance towards Port Moresby in September 1942. They also stopped the Japanese from capturing an Allied base at Milne Bay.
The Allies tried their to use their victories at Coral Sea and Midway to try to win the war against Japan. The Allies chose Tulagi and Guadalcanal as their first attacks.
The failure of the Japanese to take Port Moresby, and their defeat at Midway, meant Tulagi was not protected by other Japanese bases. Tulagi was four hours flying time from Rabaul, the nearest large Japanese base.
On 7 August 1942, 11,000 U.S. Marines landed on Guadalcanal and 3,000 U.S. Marines landed on Tulagi and nearby islands. The Japanese troops on Tulagi and nearby islands killed in the Battle of Tulagi and Gavutu-Tanambogo. The U.S. Marines on Guadalcanal captured an airfield under construction by the Japanese.
This started the Guadalcanal and Solomon Islands Campaigns. These resulted in a number of battles between Allied and Japanese forces over the next year. Along with the New Guinea campaign, this destroyed Japanese defences, caused huge losses for the Japanese military—especially the Navy. This helped the Allies to win the war against Japan.
The delay in the advance of Japanese forces also allowed the United States Marine Corps to land on Funafuti on October 2, 1942. The US built airfields from which USAAF B-24 Liberator bombers could fly. The atolls of Tuvalu were places the Allies could use to get ready for the Battle of Tarawa and the Battle of Makin that started on 20 November 1943.
The Carnabeats
History
In January 1967, 16 year old high school student Ai Takano left the Freelancers (フリーランサーズ, Furīransāzu), a vocal group he had belonged to, and immediately invited former Swing West rhythm guitarist Jiro Kitamura and his fellow member of Freelancers Hiroshi Koshikawa to form a new band. Koshikawa was in Nagoya. Keikichi Usui, who has been an ally since the jazz cafe "Grand Canyon" era, and Tadao Oka, who was also a member of the Sounds West in Nagoya, were welcomed and they were patronizing the restaurant in Kamata, Ota-ku. With the full backing of former bandman Masahiro Miike, who is the owner of "80", he started his career under the name of Robin Hood (ロビンフッド, Robin fuddo).
Eventually, the group passed the audition held at JVC, the publisher of Philips Records. The original single "I Love You" (released in 1965) by the British band The Zombies played at this time was successfully arranged by them, and producer Kazushi Honjo immediately translated the English-American pop songs. They asked Kenji Sazanami, a songwriter and lyricist, to translate it into Japanese, and their first debut single "Sukisa Sukisa Sukisa" (好きさ好きさ好きさ, I Love You I Love I Love You) became a popular hit.
At the time of their first music debut, they changed their name to The Carnabeats by Rumiko Hoshika, the editor-in-chief of Music Life, and the agency will be Robin's Plan, which would later be launched for them. In June 1967, The Carnabeats made another album with The Jaguars, who belongs to the same recording company as an idol of the catchphrase, The Carnabeat's Sound Age. In their first debut single "Sukisa Sukisa Sukisa" Takano, who sings very passionately, sticks out his drumsticks and screams "All of you", which captivates female fans and immediately the song became a massive success.
With the popularity of other electric bands such as The Spiders, The Tigers, The Blue Comets, and The Jaguars, who had already debuted their albums, the song blockbuster was one of the catalysts for the GS boom. Takano's singing voice grabbed the hearts of the fans and the group had release another hit single "Let's Love Jenny", released in September 1967. In addition, Usui, who was in charge of Japanese translation from the recommendation of Rumiko Hoshika, sings energeticly in "You Are Crazy About You" on side B. The groups's third single released in October is "Okay!", which is a cover song of Dave Dee, Dozy, Beaky, Mick & Tich, and Paul Anka's hit song "Crazy Love" on the B side. By using the fuzz audio, it is finished in an arrangement like The Carnabeats did so. The band produced many rock-like sound with Kitamura and all the members feeling close to Western rock'n roll music.
Saint Anthony Falls
Saint Anthony Falls was a large waterfall. It is found northeast of downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota. It was the only large natural waterfall on the Upper Mississippi River. It was also called the Falls of Saint Anthony. The natural falls were replaced by a spillway after it collapsed in 1869.
The Carnabeats
History
They showed a different look with a another song, "Don't Cry", released in February 1968. This album is a ballad by the combination of two songwriters Jun Hashimoto and Koichi Sugiyama, and it is a song that mixes the sadly singing Takano and the chorus members. Ten days later, they released "Cutie Morning Moon," which was recorded with British musician Gary Walker, a drummer of The Walker Brothers (UK), who was as popular as The Beatles in Japan. This song was written by Scott Walker, and the performance and chorus were recorded from the night of January 9, when the recording was made, to the dawn. The song title was decided to change from "The Shadow Of The Moon That Remains Faintly In The Sky" to "Cutie Morning Moon", and the composition was composed by producer Honjo, the composer of "Let's love Jenny". It was also put in charge under the name of Rinji Motoo.
Jannine Weigel
Jannine Weigel (ญานนีน ภารวี ไวเกล; born 30 July 2000) is a singer and actress with Thai and German ancestry. Her work (music) on YouTube are what made her well-known. She was an artist under GMM Grammy and is now an independent artist in Germany.
The Carnabeats
History
Their sixth single "Love In Search", released in May was the first solo for Usui on side A, and was written by Kōhan Kawauchi, who is known as the original creator of "Moonlight Mask", and this song was written by The Spiders. They brought it to Victor Records, but it went to The Carnabeats, which belongs to the same music distributor, Philips Records. This year, the band participated in the Nikkei Western Carnival in as guest performances, appeared in multiple movies and tv shows, released the LP "The Carnabeats First Album", acted as an image character for Fujiya and Pepsi Cola commercials, and their tour from June in Tokyo and Osaka. Their strong performance such as holding a one-man show continued, and their single "Um Um Um" was released in August.
Jannine Weigel
Biography
Jannine Weigel was born in Steinfurt, Germany. She lived there until she was 10 years old, when her family moved to Thailand in July 2010. She has three brothers and sisters.
The Carnabeats
History
However, the GS boom peaked in 1968 and began to died down with upcoming rhythm and blues, hard and soft rock, funk, and disco during the early 1970s. The next single "My Baby" was released in October, and even with Takano's singing reminiscent of the early singles, it did not become a hit. On March 1969, the Beatles' "Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da", which is famous for its marmalade rhythm, was released with the translation of Kenji Sazanami for the first time. However, in April, vocalist Usui left the group, and Paul Okada, who was in another GS, joined them. The song they released was "Teltel Heaven".
In contrast to the A-side, which is a cover song, the B-side, with the Latin song "Midnight Lovers" composed by Takashi Miki, tried to revive with a sound that was ahead of the trend, but the decline of the GS boom could not be stopped anymore, and the same year. Kitamura and Oka left the group in September, and Kyoichi Saiga and Rie joined, but they eventually disbanded. After the band ended, Ai Takano joined The Golden Cups as a drummer in January 1970.
Jannine Weigel
Biography
She graduated from kindergarten at St. Martin, Steinfurt, Germany. She graduated from elementary school at Regen Boken Chulay Steinfurt city Germany, then studied for a bachelor's degree in advance, achievement card at Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University Faculty of Liberal Arts Department of English. Weigel graduated from junior high school at a distance education institution.
The Carnabeats
Discography
Singles
Jannine Weigel
Career
Weigel appeared in the music video of Getsunova's Klai Khae Nai Khue Kla, which made her popular in 2012.
Weigel started her YouTube channel in 2013, where she posts her covers and popular songs. She has many covers that went viral and have gained millions of views.
The Carnabeats
Appearances
Televisions:
Movies
Fall Again
"Fall Again" is a song written and composed by Walter Afanasieff and Robin Thicke in 1999. They made it for Michael Jackson to perform. Jackson recorded a demo (draft) of the song in 1999 for his album Invincible. He never finished it, however, and the song was never added to the album. It has since been performed by many other artists.
Eugene, Oregon
Eugene is a city in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is the county seat of Lane County. At the 2008 census, it had a population of 154,620. The University of Oregon is in Eugene.
Don't Be Messin' 'Round
"Don't Be Messin' 'Round" is a song by Michael Jackson which did not make the cut for his Bad album. It was included in the track listing of Bad 25.
Arthur Scargill
Arthur Scargill (born 11 January 1938) is a British trade unionist. He was President of the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) from 1982 to 2002. He is best known for leading the 1984–1985 miners' strike.
Violette Nozière
Violette Nozière is a 1978 French Canadian crime drama movie directed by Claude Chabrol and starring Isabelle Huppert, Jean Carmet, Stéphane Audran, Jean-François Garreaud, Zoe Chauveau, Bernadette Lafont. It was distributed by Koch-Lorber Films.
Electron affinity
Electron affinity is a phrase used in chemistry. When an atom that is neutral gets an electron, the energy that is changed in the atom is the electron affinity. Across a period, the electron affinity increases.
Dinosauromorpha
Dinosauromorpha are a clade of archosaurs that includes dinosaurs and other closely related animals. Birds are the only surviving dinosauromorphs.
The name was coined by Michael J. Benton in 1984. The first clade definitions were by Paul Sereno in 1991. He defined the concept as:
Another term, with somewhat different coverage is Avemetatarsalia.
Money (Pink Floyd song)
Composition
One of Gilmour's ideas for the solo section was that, for the second chorus of the solo, all special effects would be completely off (referred to as "dry"), creating the sense of just four musicians playing in a small room. For this "dry" chorus, all musicians played softly and subtly, with Gilmour's solo, now one single guitar, playing very little. Then, for the third chorus, the dynamics would suddenly rise, with heavy use of reverb and echo (a "wet" sound), additional rhythm-guitar parts in the background, and the drums becoming heavy and almost chaotic.
The notes and chords are based on the regular twelve-bar blues in the musical key of B minor, with the sung melody and nearly all of Gilmour's solo based on the pentatonic and blues scales. Two twelve-bar verses are followed by a twenty-bar instrumental section that features a blues-style tenor saxophone solo (played by Dick Parry) along with keyboard, bass and drums and a further two-bar intro in 4/4 leading to the guitar solo, which is structured like a twelve-bar blues, but doubled to a twenty-four-bar length.
The lyrics are quickly talked about in the movie Pink Floyd The Wall, when the main character, Pink, is caught writing poems in class by his teacher. The teacher takes the poem from him and reads it in a very mean manner, wanting Pink's classmates to laugh. The poem is a part of the lyrics to "Money".
Recording
The first rough recordings of the song, including some of the sound effects, were recorded in a small recording studio Roger Waters had in his garden shed. As recorded by the band, the song has a sad feel, unlike Waters' original version, which he later talked about as "prissy and very English". As heard on Classic Albums: Pink Floyd – The Making of The Dark Side of the Moon, the demo is in G-sharp minor, as opposed to the B minor of the final version. The instrumental section was worked on by both Gilmour and Waters, with Gilmour overseeing the time change as well as his own guitar and voice work, and Richard Wright and Nick Mason making up their own parts. Dick Parry added the tenor saxophone solo that comes before the guitar solo. Gilmour's advice is also seen in the final mix, which features "wet" and "dry" sections. To produce the special high notes that make up the final chorus of his solo, Gilmour played a special Lewis guitar with twenty-four frets, allowing a large variety of notes.
In the video Classic Albums: Pink Floyd – The Making of The Dark Side of the Moon, engineer Alan Parsons talked about the recording of the band's first backing track for the song: They used the sound-effect tape loop as a sort of metronome, but Parsons gradually faded out the loop before the vocals started. As the song went on, the band slowly sped up, yet later, between the second verse and the saxophone solo, Parsons briefly raised up the volume of the effects loop, and just by coincidence, it turned out to fit the beat. After this point, the loop is not heard again.
Re-recording
The music video for "Money" features scenes of various ways of making and spending money, and includes brief closeups of a coin spinning.
Personnel
with:
Joel David Moore
Joel David Moore (born September 25, 1977) is an American actor and director. He is known for his roles as Colin Fisher on the Fox series Bones and Dr. Norm Spellman in James Cameron's Avatar (2009) and its sequels Avatar: The Way of Water (2022) and Avatar 3 (2024).
Menominee, Michigan
Menominee is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. Around 13000 people live in Menominee. It is part of the twin-city area with Marinette, Wisconsin. It is on the north bank of the Menominee River where the river empties into Lake Michigan. Marinette, Wisconsin is on the south bank of the river.
Wolfgang Brezinka
Wolfgang Brezinka (9 June 1928 – 3 January 2020) was a German-Austrian educational scientist. He was born in Berlin. He served as professor of pedagogy at the Pedagogical University in Würzburg. He also worked at the universities of Innsbruck and Konstanz. He was a researcher at Columbia University and Harvard University.
On 3 January 2020, Brezinka died in Telfes, in the Austrian state of Tyrol. He was 91.
Minimum unit pricing
Minimum unit pricing is a way of getting people to drink less alcohol. A price is set for a unit of alcohol and people are not allowed to sell it for less.
There have been rules about this in Canada for some time. In 2018 Scotland set a limit of £0.50 for eight grams of alcohol. The Northern Territory, Australia set a limit in October 2018, Wales in 2020 and Ireland in 2022. The effects have been studied. Fewer people ended up in hospital because of drinking after these rules started.
Musashi Province
Musashi Province (武蔵国) was an old province of Japan in the area of Tokyo Prefecture, Saitama Prefecture and of Kanagawa Prefecture on the island of Honshū. It was sometimes called Bushū (武州).
The province had borders with Kai, Kōzuke, Sagami, Shimōsa, and Shimotsuke Provinces.
The ancient capital city of the province was near Fuchu. By the Sengoku period, the main city was Edo.
History
In the Edo period, the Tōkaidō road was the main route between the Imperial capital at Kyoto and the main city of the Tokugawa Shogunate. The road passed through Musashi.
In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures. The maps of Japan and Musashi Province were reformed in the 1870s.
The Imperial Japanese Navy battleship Musashi was named after the province.
The height of Tokyo Sky Tree is 634 m. The figures 6 (mu), 3 (sa), 4 (shi) stand for "Musashi", which is an old name for the area where the Tokyo Sky Tree stands.
Shrines and Temples
Hikawa jinja was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of the province; and there are many branch shrines.
Bendern
Bendern is a village of Liechtenstein. It is in the municipality of Gamprin.
Jack Harris (golfer)
John Bruce "Jack" Harris (8 December 1922 – 22 August 2014) was an Australian professional golfer. He won a record six Victorian PGA Championship titles between 1950 and 1963. He played professionally on the Australian tournament golf circuit between 1946 and 1969. He also had more than 50 career professional wins. The Victorian PGA Championship trophy is currently named the "Jack Harris Cup" in his honour. He became a life member of PGA Australia in 2001.
Millwall F.C.
Notable former players
The following is a list of important footballers who have played for Millwall. The list includes players who have been honoured in Millwall's Hall of Fame.
Saturn
Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun in the Solar System.
Saturn was named after the Roman god Saturnus. He was considered to be the same as the Greek god Kronos. Saturn's symbol is ♄ which is the symbol of Saturnus' sickle.
Inside Saturn is probably a core of iron, nickel, silicon and oxygen compounds, surrounded by a deep layer of metallic hydrogen, then a layer of liquid hydrogen and liquid helium and finally, an outer gaseous layer.
Saturn has 145 known moons orbiting the planet. The largest moon is Titan. Titan is larger in volume than the planet Mercury. Titan is the second-largest moon in the Solar System. The largest moon is a moon of Jupiter, Ganymede. There are also many rings around Saturn. These rings are made of ice with some rocks and dust. Some people think that that the rings were made by a moon impact or other event. Saturn is about 1,433,000,000 km (870,000,000 mi) on average from the Sun. Saturn takes 29.6 Earth years to move around the Sun.
Physical features
Saturn is an oblate spheroid. This means that it is flattened at the poles and wider around the equator. The planet's equatorial diameter is 120536 km. Its polar diameter (the distance from the north pole to the south pole through the centre) is 108728 km. This is a 9% difference. Saturn has a flattened shape because of its very fast rotation. It rotates once every 10.8 hours.
Saturn is the only planet in the Solar System that is less dense than water. Even though the planet's core is very dense, it has a gaseous atmosphere. This makes its average density is 0.69 g/cm3. This means if Saturn could be placed in a large pool of water, it would float.
Atmosphere
The outer part of Saturn's atmosphere is made up of about 96% hydrogen, 3% helium, 0.4% methane and 0.01% ammonia. There is also some acetylene, ethane and phosphine.
Saturn's clouds show a banded pattern. This is like the cloud bands seen on Jupiter. Saturn's clouds are much fainter and the bands are wider at the equator. Saturn's lowest cloud layer is made up of water ice. It is about 10 km thick. The temperature there is quite low, at 250 K (-10°F, -23°C). However, scientists do not all agree on this. The layer above is made up of ammonium hydrosulfide ice. It is about 77 km thick. Above it is a layer of ammonia ice clouds which are 80 km thick. The highest layer is made up of hydrogen and helium gases. It goes to between 200 km and 270 km above the water cloud tops. Auroras can be seen in Saturn in the mesosphere. The temperature at Saturn's cloud tops is very low, at 98 K (-283 °F, -175 °C). The temperatures in the inner layers are much higher than the outside layers because of the heat made by Saturn's inside. Saturn's winds are some of the fastest in the Solar System. They can reach 1,800 km/h (1,118 mph), ten times faster than winds on Earth.
Storms and spots
Saturn's atmosphere can make oval shaped clouds. This is like the clearer spots seen on Jupiter. These oval spots are cyclonic storms, the same as cyclones seen on Earth. In 1990, the Hubble Space Telescope found a very large white cloud near Saturn's equator. Storms like the one in 1990 were known as Great White Spots. These unique storms only exist for a short time and only happen about every 30 Earth years, at the time of the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere. Great White Spots were also found in 1876, 1903, 1933, and 1960.
Interior
Saturn's inside is similar to Jupiter's inside. It has a small rocky core about the size of the Earth at its center. It is very hot. Its temperature reaches 15,000 K (26540 F). Saturn is so hot that it gives out more heat energy into space than it gets from the Sun. Above it is a thicker layer of metallic hydrogen, about 30000 km deep. Above that layer is a region of liquid hydrogen and helium. The core is heavy, with about 9 to 22 times more mass than the Earth's core.
Rotation and orbit
Voyager 1 measured Saturn's rotation as being 10 hours, 14 minutes at the equator, 10 hours, 40 minutes closer to the poles, and 10 hours, 39 minutes, 24 seconds for the planet's inside. This is known as its rotational period.
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Mortar
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Saturn
Rotation and orbit
Saturn's rotational period is calculated by the rotation speed of radio waves given off by the planet. The Cassini−Huygens spacecraft found that the radio waves slowed down. This suggested that the rotational period increased. Since scientists do not think Saturn's rotation is actually slowing down, the explanation may be that the magnetic field causes the radio waves.
Planetary rings
Saturn is best known for its planetary rings which are easy to see with a telescope. There are seven named rings: A, B, C, D, E, F, and G. They were named in the order they were found, which is different to their order from the planet. From the planet the rings are ordered: D, C, B, A, F, G and E.
Some scientists think that the rings are material left after a moon broke apart. A new idea says that it was a very large moon, most of which crashed into the planet. This left a large amount of ice to form the rings and some of the moons. This includes Enceladus, which is thought to be made of ice.
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What You Need (INXS song)
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Saturn
History
The rings were first found by Galileo Galilei in 1610, using his telescope. They did not look like rings to Galileo. He called them "handles". He thought that Saturn was three different planets that were right next to each other. In 1612, when the rings were facing edge on with the Earth, the rings disappeared, then reappeared again in 1613, further confusing Galileo. In 1655, Christiaan Huygens was the first person to say that Saturn was surrounded by rings. Using a much more powerful telescope than Galilei's, he said that Saturn "is surrounded by a thin, flat, ring, nowhere touching...". In 1675, Giovanni Domenico Cassini found that the planet's rings were in fact made of smaller rings with gaps. The largest ring gap was later named the Cassini Division. In 1859, James Clerk Maxwell showed that the rings cannot be solid, but are made of small particles, each orbiting Saturn on their own. Otherwise, it would become unstable or break apart. James Keeler studied the rings using a spectroscope in 1895 which proved Maxwell's theory.
Physical features
The rings range from 6630 km to 120700 km above the planet's equator. While the equatorial circumference of Saturn is 378,675 km (235,298 miles). As proved by Maxwell, even though the rings appear to be solid and unbroken when viewed from above, the rings are made of small particles of rock and ice. They are only about 10 m thick; made of silica rock, iron oxide and ice particles. The smallest particles are only specks of dust while the largest are the size of a house. The C and D rings also seem to have a "wave" in them, like waves in water. These large waves are 500 m high, but only moving slowly at about 250 m each day. Some scientists believe that the wave is caused by Saturn's moons. Another idea is the waves were made by a comet hitting Saturn in 1983 or 1984.
The largest gaps in the rings are the Cassini Division and the Encke Division, both visible from the Earth. The Cassini Division is the largest, measuring 4800 km wide. However, when the Voyager spacecrafts visited Saturn in 1980, they discovered that the rings are a complex structure, made out of thousands of thin gaps and ringlets. Scientists believe this is caused by the gravitational force of some of Saturn's moons. The tiny moon Pan orbits inside Saturn's rings, creating a gap within the rings. Other ringlets keep their structure due to the gravitational force of shepherd satellites, such as Prometheus and Pandora. Other gaps form due to the gravitational force of a large moon farther away. The moon Mimas is responsible for clearing away the Cassini gap.
Recent data from the Cassini spacecraft has shown that the rings have their own atmosphere, free from the planet's atmosphere. The rings' atmosphere is made of oxygen gas, and it is produced when the Sun's ultraviolet light breaks up the water ice in the rings. Chemical reactions also occur between the ultraviolet light and the water molecules, creating hydrogen gas. The oxygen and hydrogen atmospheres around the rings are very widely spaced. As well as oxygen and hydrogen gas, the rings have a thin atmosphere made of hydroxide (a combination of oxygen and hydrogen called an anion), which was discovered by the Hubble Space Telescope.
Spokes
The Voyager space probe discovered features shaped like rays, called spokes. These were also seen later by the Hubble telescope. The Cassini probe photographed the spokes in 2005. They appear dark when lit by sunlight, and appear light against the unlit side of the planet. At first it was thought the spokes were made of microscopic dust particles, but new evidence shows that they are made of ice. They rotate at the same rate as the planet's magnetosphere, therefore, it is believed that they have a connection with electromagnetism. However, what causes the spokes to form is still unknown. They appear to be seasonal, disappearing during solstice and appearing again during equinox.
Moons
Saturn has 53 named moons, and another 29 which are still being studied. Many of the moons are very small: 33 are less than 10 km in diameter and 13 moons are less than 50 km. Seven moons are large enough to be a near perfect sphere caused by their own gravity. These moons are Titan, Rhea, Iapetus, Dione, Tethys, Enceladus and Mimas. Titan is the largest moon, larger than the planet Mercury, and it is the only moon in the Solar System to have a thick, dense atmosphere. Hyperion and Phoebe are the next largest moons, larger than 200 km in diameter.
Between December 2004 and January 2005 a man-made satellite called the Cassini−Huygens probe took lots of close photos of Titan. One part of this satellite, known as the Huygens probe, landed on Titan, on land. Named after the Dutch astronomer Christiaan Huygens, it was the first spacecraft to land in the outer Solar System. The probe was designed to float in case it landed in liquid. Its batteries lasted about 3 hours. Enceladus, the sixth largest moon, is about 500 km in diameter. It is one of the few outer solar system objects that shows volcanic activity. In 2011, scientists discovered an electric link between Saturn and Enceladus. This is caused by ionised particles from volcanos on the small moon interacting with Saturn's magnetic fields. Similar interactions cause the northern lights on Earth.
Exploration
Saturn was first explored by the Pioneer 11 spacecraft in September 1979. It flew as close as 20000 km above the planet's cloud tops. It took photographs of the planet and a few of its moons, but were low in resolution. It discovered a new, thin ring called the F ring. It also discovered that the dark ring gaps appear bright when viewed towards the Sun, which shows the gaps are not empty. The spacecraft measured the temperature of the moon Titan.
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