cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Abstraction
Abstractions may be formed by reducing the information content of a concept or a phenomenon as viewed, often to keep only the information which is needed for a particular purpose. For example, abstracting a leather soccer ball to the more general idea of a ball will keep only the information on general ball attributes and behavior, leaving out the traits of that particular ball. Compare with word: generalizing. The opposite of the adjective "abstract" is commonly the word "concrete".
Origins
The first symbols of abstract thinking in humans can be traced to fossil objects dating between 50,000 and 100,000 years ago in Africa.
Thought process
In philosophical terminology, abstraction is the thought process wherein ideas are distanced from objects.
Abstraction uses a strategy of simplification, where formerly concrete details are left ambiguous, vague, or undefined; thus effective communication about things in the abstract requires an intuitive or common experience between the communicator and the communication recipient.
For example, many different things can be the color red. Likewise, many things sit on surfaces (as in picture 1, to the right). The property of redness and the relation sitting-on are therefore abstractions of those objects. Specifically, the conceptual diagram graph 1 identifies only three boxes, two ellipses, and four arrows (and their six labels), whereas the picture 1 shows much more pictorial detail, with the scores of implied relationships as implicit in the picture rather than with the nine explicit details in the graph.
Graph 1 details some explicit relationships between the objects of the diagram. For example, the arrow between the agent and CAT:Elsie depicts an example of an is-a relationship, as does the arrow between the location and the MAT. The arrows between the gerund SITTING and the nouns agent and location express the diagram's basic relationship; "agent is SITTING on location"; Elsie is an instance of CAT.
Although the description sitting-on (graph 1) is more abstract than the graphic image of a cat sitting on a mat (picture 1), the delineation of abstract things from concrete things is somewhat ambiguous; this ambiguity or vagueness is characteristic of abstraction. Thus something as simple as a newspaper might be specified to six levels, as in Douglas Hofstadter's illustration of that ambiguity, with a progression from abstract to concrete in Gödel, Escher, Bach (1979):
An abstraction can thus encapsulate each of these levels of detail with no loss of generality. But perhaps a detective or philosopher/scientist/engineer might seek to learn about some thing, at progressively deeper levels of detail, to solve a crime or a puzzle.
Referents
Abstractions sometimes have ambiguous referents; for example, "happiness" (when used as an abstraction) can refer to as many things as there are people and events or states of being which make them happy. Likewise, "architecture" refers not only to the design of safe, functional buildings, but also to elements of creation and innovation which aim at elegant solutions to construction problems, to the use of space, and to the attempt to evoke an emotional response in the builders, owners, viewers and users of the building.
Instantiation
Things that do not exist at any particular place and time are often considered abstract. By contrast, instances, or members, of such an abstract thing might exist in many different places and times. Those abstract things are then said to be multiply instantiated, in the sense of picture 1, picture 2, etc., shown above.
It is not sufficient, however, to define abstract ideas as those that can be instantiated and to define abstraction as the movement in the opposite direction to instantiation. Doing so would make the concepts "cat" and "telephone" abstract ideas since despite their varying appearances, a particular cat or a particular telephone is an instance of the concept "cat" or the concept "telephone". Although the concepts "cat" and "telephone" are abstractions, they are not abstract in the sense of the objects in graph 1 above.
We might look at other graphs, in a progression from cat to mammal to animal, and see that animal is more abstract than mammal; but on the other hand mammal is a harder idea to express, certainly in relation to marsupial or monotreme.
Physicality
A physical object (a possible referent of a concept or word) is considered concrete (not abstract) if it is a particular individual that occupies a particular place and time.
Abstract things are sometimes defined as those things that do not exist in reality or exist only as sensory experiences, like the color red. That definition, however, suffers from the difficulty of deciding which things are real (i.e. which things exist in reality). For example, it is difficult to agree to whether concepts like God, the number three, and goodness are real, abstract, or both.
An approach to resolving such difficulty is to use predicates as a general term for whether things are variously real, abstract, concrete, or of a particular property (e.g. good). Questions about the properties of things are then propositions about predicates, which propositions remain to be evaluated by the investigator. In the graph 1 above, the graphical relationships like the arrows joining boxes and ellipses might denote predicates. Different levels of abstraction might be denoted by a progression of arrows joining boxes or ellipses in multiple rows, where the arrows point from one row to another, in a series of other graphs, say graph 2, etc.
Abstraction used in philosophy
Abstraction in philosophy is the process (or, to some, the alleged process) in concept-formation of recognizing some set of common features in individuals, and on that basis forming a concept of that feature. The notion of abstraction is important to understanding some philosophical controversies surrounding empiricism and the problem of universals. It has also recently become popular in formal logic under predicate abstraction. Another philosophical tool for discussion of abstraction is thought space.
Ontological status
The way in which physical objects, like rocks and trees, have being differs from the way that properties of abstract concepts or relations have being. For example, the way the concrete, particular, individuals pictured in picture 1 exist differs from the way the concepts illustrated in graph 1 exist. That difference accounts for the ontological usefulness of the word "abstract". The word applies to properties and relations to mark the fact that, if they exist, they do not exist in space or time, but that instances of them can exist, potentially in many different places and times.
Perhaps confusingly, some philosophies refer to tropes (instances of properties) as abstract particulars. E.g., the particular redness of a particular apple is an abstract particular. Akin to qualia and sumbebekos.
In linguistics
If an abstract concept, such as "society" or "technology" is treated as if it were a concrete object, that is a fallacy (an error). In linguistics, it may happen that abstract concepts are used as if they were nouns that signify concrete objects:
Compression
An abstraction can be seen as a process of mapping multiple different pieces of constituent data to a single piece of abstract data based on similarities in the constituent data, for example many different physical cats map to the abstraction "CAT". This conceptual scheme emphasizes the inherent equality of both constituent and abstract data, thus avoiding problems arising from the distinction between "abstract" and "concrete". In this sense the process of abstraction entails the identification of similarities between objects and the process of associating these objects with an abstraction (which is itself an object). Chains of abstractions can therefore be constructed moving from neural impulses arising from sensory perception to basic abstractions such as color or shape to experiential abstractions such as a specific cat to semantic abstractions such as the "idea" of a CAT to classes of objects such as "mammals" and even categories such as "object" as opposed to "action".
This conceptual scheme entails no specific hierarchical taxonomy (such as the one mentioned involving cats and mammals), only a progressive exclusion of detail.
The neurology of abstraction
A recent meta-analysis suggests that the verbal system has greater engagement for abstract concepts when the perceptual system is more engaged for processing of concrete concepts. This is because abstract concepts cause greater brain activity in the inferior frontal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus, compared to concrete concepts when concrete concepts cause greater activity in the posterior cingulate, precuneus, fusiform gyrus, and parahippocampal gyrus.
Other research into the human brain suggests that the left and right hemispheres, of the brain, differ in their handling of abstraction. For example, one meta-analysis reviewing human brain lesions has shown a left hemisphere bias during tool usage.
Abstraction in art
Typically, abstraction is used in the arts as a synonym for abstract art in general. Strictly speaking, it refers to art unconcerned with the literal depiction of things from the visible world —it can, however, refer to an object or image which has been distilled from the real world, or indeed, another work of art. Artwork that reshapes the natural world for expressive purposes is called abstract; that which derives from, but does not imitate a recognizable subject is called nonobjective abstraction. In the 20th century the trend toward abstraction coincided with advances in science, technology, and changes in urban life, eventually reflecting an interest in psychoanalytic theory. Later still, abstraction was manifest in more purely formal terms, such as color, freed from objective context, and a reduction of form to basic geometric designs.
In music, the term abstraction can be used to describe improvisatory approaches to interpretation, and may sometimes indicate abandonment of tonality. Atonal music has no key signature, and is characterized the exploration of internal numeric relationships.
Abstraction in psychology
Carl Jung's definition of abstraction broadened its scope beyond the thinking process to include exactly four mutually exclusive, opposing complementary psychological functions: sensation, intuition, feeling, and thinking. Together they form a structural totality of the differentiating abstraction process. Abstraction operates in one of these opposing functions when it excludes the simultaneous influence of the other functions and other irrelevancies, such as emotion. Abstraction requires selective use of this structural split of abilities in the psyche. The opposite of abstraction is concretism. Abstraction is one of Jung's 57 definitions in Chapter XI of Psychological Types. There is an abstract thinking, just as there is abstract feeling, sensation and intuition. Abstract thinking singles out the rational, logical qualities ... Abstract feeling does the same with ... its feeling-values. ... I put abstract feelings on the same level as abstract thoughts. ... Abstract sensation would be aesthetic as opposed to sensuous sensation and abstract intuition would be symbolic as opposed to fantastic intuition. (Jung, [1921] (1971):par. 678).
Abstraction in computer science
Computer scientists use abstraction to understand and solve problems, such as organizing data to be stored in a database.
Abstraction in mathematics
Abstraction in mathematics is the process of extracting the underlying essence of a mathematical concept, removing any dependence on real-world objects with which it might originally have been connected, and generalizing it so that it has wider applications or matching among other abstract descriptions of equivalent phenomena.
The advantages of abstraction in mathematics are:
The main disadvantage of abstraction is that highly abstract concepts are more difficult to learn, and require a degree of mathematical maturity and experience before they can be assimilated.
House of Representatives
A House of Representatives is a part of some legislatures, which are law-making bodies. In a House of Representatives, the members are called representatives. For example, the legislature of the United States, called Congress, is made up of two parts. One of these parts is called the House of Representatives and the other one is called the Senate. A representative in the United States Congress is a "U.S. Representative". Many state legislatures in the United States also have Houses of Representatives. A representative in one of those state houses is a State Representative.
Matthew Davis
Matthew W. Davis (born May 8, 1978) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Warner Huntington III in Legally Blonde, Adam Hillman on the ABC comedy-drama What About Brian from 2006 to 2007 and Alaric Saltzman on The CW fantasy drama The Vampire Diaries from 2009 to 2017.
Lev Anninsky
Lev Alexandrovich Anninsky (Лев Александрович Аннинский, 7 April 1934 – 6 November 2019) was a Soviet and Russian literary critic, historian, publicist, essayist and author of more than 30 books.
The 1970s saw the publication of several books by Anninsky, among them Betrothed to the Idea (on Nikolai Ostrovsky’s How the Steel Was Tempered, 1971) and Vasily Shukshin (1976). Anninsky's books of the 1980s included The Leo Hunters (Lev Tolstoy in cinema), 1980, 1989; Leskovian Necklace (1982, 1885), Contacts (1982), Branches Full of Sunlight (a study on Lithuanian photography, 1984), Nikolai Gubenko (1986) and The Three Heretics (1988).
Anninsky died on 6 November 2019 in Moscow at the age of 85.
Joseph Beuys
Joseph Beuys (pronounced "boyce") (12 May 1921 – 23 January 1986) was a German artist who made arts in many forms including sculpture, performance art (happening, fluxus), video art, and installations. He was an important artist in the second half of the 20th century.
Early life
Beuys was born in Krefeld on 12 May 1921, and grew up in the nearby city of Kleve. His family was strong catholic. As a young child he began his interest in art by often engaging in making watercolours. He first saw modern art when visiting the studio of Achilles Moortgat. At the age of seventeen in 1938, he joined Hitler Youth, like many young German men at that time. He studied many disciplines before engaging in his art practice, and was particularly interested in natural sciences and history, including alchemy, and focussed on medicine with the intention of becoming a doctor. During his studies, however, World War II began, and he became a soldier in the German air force. There, he was a rear gunner (gunner in the back) in a military airplane. In 1943 one of his close friends died in a concentration camp.
One fascinating aspect of Joseph Beuys's personal history is the reason he consistently used felt and fat in his works. He is quoted as saying: "For me, fat was a great discovery, because it was the very material that could seem the most chaotic and indeterminate. I could use it with heat or cold, I could transform it with means that are not the traditional ones for sculpture- with temperature, for example. So I could turn the character of this fat from a chaotic and fluctuating condition to that of a rigid form... So I took an extreme position in sculpture and a material that was absolutely fundamental for life and not associated with art.”
Summer Sucks
"Summer Sucks" is the eighth episode of the second season of the American animated television series South Park. The 20th episode of the series overall, it originally aired on Comedy Central in the United States on June 24, 1998. Trey Parker wrote the episode with Nancy M. Pimental. Parker also directed it. In this episode, the South Park boys try to have a fun summer but cannot because there is no snow.
Plot
The school year ends and the boys leave school for summer vacation. But because the snow has melted, there is nothing fun to do in their town. They try to play winter games: They make a snowman out of dirt and push a sled down a grassy hill. But these games do not work without snow, and the boys are bored. The only fun thing to do is fireworks, but the government of Colorado has made them illegal.
The mayor of South Park notices that a mild firework called a "snake" is still legal. She plans to set off the biggest snake ever for the fourth of July Independence Day party. But this giant snake gives off smoke and noise. Everyone hides in their houses. The ash turns everyone's skin black.
Joseph Beuys
Development as artist
In 1962 Beuys was member of the "Fluxus movement". They made art together by drawing, sculpting, making music, and literature.
Summer Sucks
Plot
When Chef returns to South Park, he thinks all the white people are wearing blackface. He tells them to line up so he can punish them.
Joseph Beuys
Politics
Beuys believed that arts has an important role in society. His first problems with politicians were when he lost his job as professor. In the 1980s he was part of the Peace Movement and protested against nuclear missiles in Germany. He was one of the first members of the Green Party in the 1980s.
Works
Famous works are for example:
In 1979, a large retrospective of Beuys' work at the Guggenheim Museum in New York City confirmed his reputation as one of the most important artists of his time. He died in 1986 in Düsseldorf.
Pop cultural references
The web comic Cat And Girl makes frequent reference to Joseph Beuys, including his art (reference 1 reference 2) and cultural references.
Summer Sucks
Plot
Other parts of the episode show Eric Cartman trying to take swimming lessons and Mr. Garrison trying to get therapy from Dr. Katz.
Production
South Park 's co-creator Trey Parker wrote the episode with Nancy M. Pimental, and Parker co-directed it with fellow co-creator Matt Stone. Stone was in charge of animating the episode (not credited).
William Wrigley Jr.
William Wrigley Jr. (September 30, 1861 – January 26, 1932) was an American businessman. He was the founder of the Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company. His company makes Wrigley brand chewing gum.
Original word Riglee is derived from the Arabs in 622 BCE, which means two feet/foot numbers, length or mammalian organs from god. The British that created Toronto the 6922 blue colour, made it mean more. Blue color.
Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
The Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) is a drama school in London, England. It is one of the oldest drama schools in the United Kingdom. It was founded in 1904 by Herbert Beerbohm Tree. It is thought to be one of the best drama schools in the world. Architect Bryan Avery designed the university.
Jim Jefferies (comedian)
Geoff James Nugent (born 14 February 1977), better known as Jim Jefferies, is an Australian stand-up comedian, actor and writer. He is well known in the United Kingdom and the United States. He also has a number of Netflix specials. In 2017, he began starring in the Comedy Central talk show The Jim Jefferies Show.
Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
The President of RADA is actor Kenneth Branagh since the death of Richard Attenborough in August 2014. The Vice-Chairman is yet to be announced since the last one Alan Rickman died while in position in January 2016. Many famous actors have studied here.
Jim Jefferies (comedian)
Early life
Jefferies was born in February 1977 in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. His father was a cabinet maker and maintenance worker, his mother was a teacher. He moved to Perth to study musical theatre and classical music at the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts. James began his career in stand-up comedy several months before completing his degree. He relocated to Sydney and then to the UK.
Familly
He has two older brothers: Scott, an investment banker, and Daniel, an inspector in the New South Wales Police Force's Public Order and Riot Squad.
He has a son, Hank, with actress Kate Luyben.
Manipur Polo International 2014
Manipur Polo International 2014 or 8th Manipur International Polo Tournament is a Polo Tournament that was held in Imphal, Manipur. It was organised in Mapal Kangjeibung (Imphal Polo Ground), the oldest polo ground in the world. India-B team (Manipur team) won the trophy after defeating South Africa by 7-5 goals. USA won the third place after being defeated by South Africa by 6-7 goals. India-B team (Manipur team) defeated India-A team (Indian Polo Association team) by 7-6 goals.
In this year, Hada Samadon Ayangba is the theme song sung by Mangka Mayanglambam and presented by the Laihui Ensemble of Manipur.
Frederick Lansing
Frederick Lansing (February 16, 1838 – January 31, 1894) was a U.S. Representative from New York.
Lake Albert (Africa)
Lake Albert, or Albert Nyanza, is a lake in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is one of the African Great Lakes. Lake Albert is Africa's seventh-largest lake, and the world's twenty-seventh largest lake by volume.
Lake Albert is in the center of Africa. It is the northernmost of the chain of lakes in the "Albertine Rift", the western branch of the East African Rift. The lake is about 160 km long and 30 km wide, with a maximum depth of 51 m. It is 619 m above sea level.
Frederick Lansing
Life
Lansing was elected as a Republican to the 51st United States Congress on March 4, 1889, and left on March 3, 1891.
He died on January 31, 1894 in Watertown, New York, and was buried in Brookside Cemetery.
Lake Albert (Africa)
Lake Albert is part of the complicated system of the upper Nile. Its main sources are from Lake Victoria to the southeast, and from Lake Edward to the southwest. Its outlet, at the northernmost tip of the lake, is the Albert Nile, which becomes the White Nile when it enters South Sudan.
At the southern end of the lake there are swamps. Farther south is the Ruwenzori Range, while a range of hills called the Blue Mountains tower over the northwestern shore
European colonialists operated shipping on the lake. The British planned shipping on Lake Albert as part of a network of railway, river steamer and lake steamer services. The idea was to link British interests in Egypt, east Africa and southern Africa.
Kittur Chennamma
Kitturu Rani Chennamma (ಕಿತ್ತೂರು ರಾಣಿ ಚೆನ್ನಮ್ಮ; born 23rd October 1778 in Kittur, Karnataka – died 21 February 1829) was the Queen of the princely state of Kittur, in what is now India. She was best known for leading an armed rebellion against the British East India Company in 1824. This was 33 years before the 1857 war of independence. The British were going to take control of Kittur under the doctrine of lapse, because there was no male heir. Yaseen the resistance ended with her martyrdom and she is remembered today as one of the earliest Indian rulers to have fought for independence. Along with Abbakka Rani, Keladi Chennamma and Onake Obavva she is much venerated in Karnataka as an icon of bravery and women’s pride.
Amfroipret
Amfroipret is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2018, 217 people lived there.
Edward Nixon
Edward Calvert Nixon (May 3, 1930 – February 27, 2019) was an American entrepreneur. He was the youngest brother of United States President Richard Nixon. He co-authored his memoir, The Nixons: A Family Portrait, with Karen L. Olson. The book was published in 2009. He was born in Whittier, California. From 1971 until his death, Nixon was the president of Nixon World Enterprises, Inc., an international consulting service based in Washington state.
Nixon also taught as an assistant professor of naval science at the University of Washington. He was the last surviving member of the five Nixon brothers.
Nixon died on February 27, 2019 at the age of 88, at a nursing facility, in Bothell, Washington.
2022 NFL season
The 2022 NFL season was the 103rd season of the National Football League (NFL). The season began on September 8, 2022 and ended on January 8, 2023. The playoffs happened on January 14 and concluded with Super Bowl LVII, the league's championship game, on February 12.
Lưu Hữu Phước
Lưu Hữu Phước (12 September 1921 - 8 June 1989) was a Vietnamese composer. He composed Thanh Niên Hành Khúc (English: March of the Students), the national anthem of South Vietnam. After he became a communist, he composed Giải phóng miền Nam (English: Release the South), the national anthem of Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam.
Nationalist Movement Party
The MHP was founded on 9 February 1969 by Alparslan Türkeş. Their most successful performance in an election was in 1999, where they received 5,606,634 votes and won 129 out of 550 seats in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. In the last election, they received 5,599,600 votes and won 40 out of 550 seats.
The Nationalist Movement Party has been called a neo-fascist party, and has been linked to some violent militias. They are cultural nationalists, and moved from supporting secularism to having a pro-Islamic stance. They are Eurosceptics, meaning they are against the European Union.
Their slogan is: Ülkenin Geleceğine Oy Ver (meaning "Vote for the country's future").
The MHP refuses to have any form of dialogue with the left-wing Kurdish nationalist Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP).
Bocage
Bocage [boh-kahzh] is a Norman word which has found its way into both the French and English languages. It may refer to a small forest or a decoration that includes leaves. But most often it refers to pastures bordered by thick forest or hedges. The trees and hedges around the pastures or fields are planted in earth mounds. Between the planted mounds are sunken lanes. The word bocage forms part of the name for several towns in parts of Lower Normandy. The term Bocage Normandy refers to the area around Saint-Lô and Vire.
During World War II following the Allied Invasion of Normandy, the allies found themselves in 'hedgerow country' (bocage). It was ideal for German troops to hide in and not be seen until it was too late. The hedgerows were thick enough to hide tanks and artillery pieces. The final Allied breakout of the bocage into open country took over eight weeks of fighting.
Bank of Guam
The Bank of Guam is a financial institution based in the territory of Guam, a United States territory located in the western Pacific Ocean. Established in 1972, the Bank of Guam has grown to become one of the largest banks in Guam and has expanded its presence to other jurisdictions, including the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Republic of Palau, and the Republic of the Marshall Islands. <!--
History
The Bank of Guam was founded on March 13, 1972, with its headquarters in Hagåtña, Guam. It was established to meet the banking needs of the local community and to support the economic development of Guam and the surrounding regions. The bank started with a single branch in Guam and gradually expanded its operations over the years.
In 1977, the Bank of Guam opened its first branch outside of Guam in Saipan, which is part of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. This marked the beginning of the bank's expansion into other territories.
Over the following decades, the Bank of Guam continued to grow and diversify its operations. It established branches and banking facilities in various locations, including Chuuk, Pohnpei, Yap, Palau, and the Marshall Islands. Today, the Bank of Guam operates a network of branches and ATMs throughout its service areas.
Services and Products
The Bank of Guam offers a wide range of financial services and products to individuals, businesses, and government entities. These include:
Community Involvement
The Bank of Guam is deeply committed to supporting the communities it serves. The bank actively engages in various community outreach programs and initiatives aimed at promoting economic development, education, and cultural preservation. It sponsors local events, scholarships, and organizations that contribute to the well-being and advancement of the community.
Commitment to Sustainability
The Bank of Guam recognizes the importance of environmental sustainability and strives to minimize its impact on the environment. It implements eco-friendly practices in its operations and is dedicated to reducing its carbon footprint. The bank promotes energy conservation, recycling, and environmentally responsible practices among its employees and customers. -->
Awards and Recognition
The Bank of Guam has received many awards and accolades over the years for its services and contributions to the community. Some of the notable recognitions include:
Bothell, Washington
Bothell is a city in King and Snohomish counties in the U.S. state of Washington. It is part of the Seattle metropolitan area. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 33,505.
Anna Mouglalis
Anna Mouglalis (Άννα Μουγλάλη; born 26 April 1978) is a French actress.
In 2000 she co-starred with Isabelle Huppert in Claude Chabrol's Merci pour le chocolat. In 2002 she was chosen by Karl Lagerfeld for the ad campaign for the Amateur Allure de Chanel perfume.
Mouglalis was cast as Coco Chanel in the 2009 movie Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky.
Warren, Rhode Island
Warren is a town in Bristol County, Rhode Island, United States.
Superbook
Superbook is a Christian children's animated series, by the Christian Broadcasting Network, based on two time-travelling kids, Chris and Joy, and their robot friend, Gizmo. In each episode, they are always carried away by a mysterious device to visit stories, people and places in the Bible. The series currently has 5 seasons of 68 episodes.
Allennes-les-Marais
Allennes-les-Marais is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2018, 3,458 people lived there.
Traffic classification
Traffic classification is an automated process. It categorises computer network traffic according to various parameters into a number of traffic classes. For example, port number or protocol.
Classification methods
Classification is achieved by various means.
Deep Packet Inspection
A comprehensive comparison of various network traffic classifiers. It depends on Deep Packet Inspection in the Independent Comparison of Popular DPI Tools for Traffic Classification.
Implementation
The Linux network scheduler and Netfilter, both contain logic. It helps to identify and mark or classify network packets.
Typical traffic classes
There are three broad types of network traffic:
Anor
Anor is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2018, 3,213 people lived there.
Herzliya Interdisciplinary Center
Reichman University is a private university in Herzliya, Israel.
Until the year 2020, it was known as "Herzliya Interdisciplinary Center".
Ethiopian National Defense Force
The Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) is the army of the country of Ethiopia. It is led by the Ministry of Defense of Ethiopia.
The army of Ethiopia has existed for more than a hunderd years. However, its current form, the ENDF, has only been around since 1996.
Jimmy Lydon
Lydon died on March 9, 2022 at his home in San Diego, California at the age of 98.
Ethiopian National Defense Force
The number of soldiers is 162,000, about the same as country of Austria.
Unite the Right rally
The Unite the Right rally was a militant gathering of alt-right, neo-Nazi, white nationalist, and far-right groups in Charlottesville, Virginia, on August 11 and 12, 2017. The participants protested the removal of Confederate monuments and memorials from public spaces, specifically the Robert Edward Lee Sculpture in Emancipation Park.
Ethiopian National Defense Force
The leader of the ENDF is Abiy Ahmed.
Unite the Right rally
Speakers scheduled to appear included Tim Treadstone, David Duke, Richard Spencer, Mike Enoch, and League of the South founder Michael Hill. Speakers claimed that Jews are ruining the West, and hailed Donald Trump and Adolf Hitler. During the rally, David Duke stated that the rally intended to fulfill the "promises of Donald Trump."
During the rally, a car plowed into a crowd of counter-protesters, killing one person, Heather Heyer, and injuring at least 24 others. A nearby police helicopter monitoring the response to the rally violence crashed, killing the two troopers on board. One of the troopers took aerial video footage of the car's impact with the crowd, this footage was used to file charges against Fields and then sealed by Prosecutor Platania to prevent the public from viewing it.
Witnesses described the violence as having originated from white nationalists.
President Donald Trump said: "We all must be united & condemn all that hate stands for. There is no place for this kind of violence in America. Let's come together as one!" He added that he condemned "in the strongest possible terms" what he called an "egregious display of hatred, bigotry and violence on many sides. On many sides." Trump added that "What is vital now is a swift restoration of law and order."
Legacy
During the 2020 George Floyd protests, the United States Marine Corps made a rule against showing the Confederate flag at their bases. In the announcement, they said "events like the violence in Charlottesville in 2017 highlight the divisiveness the use of the Confederate battle flag has on our society."
Pavo (constellation)
Pavo is a constellation in the southern sky.
West Greenwich, Rhode Island
West Greenwich is a town in Kent County, Rhode Island, United States.
Positron emission tomography
Positron Emission Tomography (often called PET) is a medical imaging technique. A specially constructed device can show the path and distribution of a weakly radioactive substance. This substance is called tracer. The tracer dissolves in the blood, which will carry it the brain. There, it concentrates around brain structures that are particularly active. A PET scan detects the radioactivity and converts it into a digital image of the brain, highlighting the active areas. PET scans are often used to detect tumors. Different tracers are used for different kinds of scans. Very often, the tracers are similar to sugar, or are sugars which have been specially modified for the purpose.
The machinery which can detect these substances is expensive. The tracers have a half-life of around 30-60 minutes, Producing the tracer is difficult, and expensive. Because of different factors, the tracers need to be prepared for the event, they cannot be mass-produced.
Cornel West 2024 presidential campaign
Cornel West, a philosopher, academic, and political activist, announced his campaign in the 2024 US presidential elections as a People's Party candidate on June 5, 2023. He followed that up with a video on Twitter where he called for "truth and justice". On June 14, 2023, West announced he would also run for the Green Party's nomination in their primaries.
West's campaign talks about support for Medicare for All, public housing, action on climate change, and drastically cutting the US military budget.
West been polling in the mid-single digits in most general election polls, and is seen as a long-shot candidate.
Surface-mount technology
Surface-mount technology (SMT) uses electronic devices that are made to be placed directly onto the surface of printed circuit boards (PCBs).
Examples of surface-mount devices are resistors, capacitors, LEDs and integrated circuits. Surface mounted devices are generally smaller than those used in the older through-hole technology, which need longer leads and holes in the circuit board.
Noreen Nash
Noreen Nash (born Norabelle Jean Roth; April 4, 1924 – June 6, 2023) is an American retired actress. Her first movie role was in the 1943 musical movie Girl Crazy, which starred Mickey Rooney and Judy Garland.
From 2001 until his death, Nash was married to actor James Whitmore. Nash died at her home in Beverly Hills, California, on June 6, 2023, at the age of 99.
Vejle
Vejle is a city in Denmark, in southeast of Jutland peninsula at the head of Vejle Fjord. As of 2023, the city has 61,310 people lived there, which makes it the ninth largest city in the country. Vejle is known for its textile industry.
Virgo (constellation)
Virgo is a zodiac constellation which lies on the celestial equator. It is between Leo (at west) and Libra (at east).This constellation is large; the constellation is the second biggest constellation you can see on the sky. Legends say Virgo is Astraea.
What you can see there
Virgo's most briliant and important star is Spica (α Virginis). This star helps to see Virgo. Other important stars are Zavijava (β Virginis), Porrima (ν Virginis) or Auva, also called Minelava.
Deep-sky notable objects
Because there is a galaxy cluster (the Virgo cluster) within its borders, this constellation is especially rich in galaxies.
Bonaire
Bonaire is an island of the Caribbean Netherlands and the former Netherlands Antilles. It is a special municipality (public body) of the Netherlands. It lies off the coast of Venezuela, near the islands of Aruba and Curaçao, which are also parts of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
Bonaire lies at 12.18333°N, -68.26667°W. It has a land area of 288 km². In 2014 about 18,000 people were living there.
Chiemsee
The rivers Großache and Prien flow into the lake from the south, and the river Alz flows out towards the north. The Alz flows into the Inn which then merges with the Danube. The Chiemsee is divided into the bigger, north section, in the northeast, called Weitsee, and the Inselsee, in the southwest.
The Chiemgau, the region surrounding the Chiemsee, is a famous recreation area.
Chris Moyles
Chris Moyles (born 22 February 1974 in Leeds) is a British radio and television presenter. He presents a breakfast radio show on BBC Radio 1. His career in radio started at age 14, when he worked on a hospital radio. He worked at lots of different stations until he got a job at BBC Radio 1 in 1997. When he took over the Breakfast show from fellow DJ Sara Cox he quickly brought more listeners to the show. He won awards for his show.
Moyles wrote an autobiography called The Gospel According to Chris Moyles: The Story of One Man and his Mouth.
Premier of Western Australia
The Premier of Western Australia is the leader of the Western Australian government. He or she is the most powerful politician in the Australian state of Western Australia.
The current Premier is Roger Cook from the Labor Party.
==List of Premiers of Western Australia ==
Bob Uecker
Robert George "Bob" Uecker (born January 26, 1934 ) is a retired American Major League Baseball player, later a sportscaster, comedian and actor. Uecker is also known as "Mr. Baseball". Since 1971, Uecker has served as a play-by-play announcer for Milwaukee Brewers radio broadcasts.
Uecker is a member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame as a 2003 recipient of the Ford C. Frick Award for his broadcasting career.
Garth Brooks (album)
Garth Brooks is the eponymous debut studio album of American country music artist Garth Brooks, released on April 12, 1989 through Capitol Nashville. It was both a critical and chart success, peaking at #13 on the Billboard 200. On the Top Country Albums chart the album peaked at #2 for eight weeks behind Clint Black's Killin' Time. In 2006 Garth Brooks was certified Diamond by the RIAA for shipments of 10 million copies in the US.
This album contains Brooks' earliest hits, for instance his first ever single, "Much Too Young (To Feel This Damn Old)", which peaked at #8 on the Country Billboard Charts in 1989. It put the name of an independent cowboy singer, Chris LeDoux, into the mainstream due to the lyric "The worn out tape of Chris LeDoux" Two other strong starts include his first #1, "If Tomorrow Never Comes" and the Academy of Country Music's 1990 Song of the Year and Video of the Year, "The Dance" (another #1).
Background
Brooks commented on the album, saying:
Track listing
Original Release
Limited Series Release
Chart performance
Garth Brooks peaked at #13 on the U.S. Billboard 200, and peaked at #2 on the Top Country Albums.
Notable covers
Punk rock cover artists Me First and the Gimme Gimmes released a version of 'Much Too Young (To Feel This Damn Old)' as the first track on their October 2006 album Me First and the Gimme Gimmes Love Their Country.
If 'Tomorrow Never Comes' has been covered by Ronan Keating (former lead singer of Irish group Boyzone)
National Alliance (Latvia)
The National Alliance (officially called the National Alliance "All For Latvia!" or "For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK"; Latvian: Nacionālā apvienība „Visu Latvijai!” or „Tēvzemei un Brīvībai/LNNK”; NA) is a political party in Latvia.
The current party was founded on 23 July 2011. The party is a merger of All For Latvia! and For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK. Their support has been rising since their creation, and in the last parliament election they received 151,567 votes and won 17 out of 100 seats in the Saeima. In the 2014 European election, they received 63,229 votes and won 1 out of 8 seats.
The party is based on nationalism and conservatism. They are Eurosceptic, meaning that they are against the European Union. The party also wants the government to have a stricter anti-Russia stance.
Salvatore Garau
Salvatore Garau (born 1953) is an Italian artist from the Mediterranean island of Sardinia.
Life
Garau was born in Santa Giusta in the Mediterranean island of Sardinia, Italy. He studied at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze, where he graduated in 1974.
He participated in the 50th Biennale di Venezia in 2003 and showed work at the European Parliament in Strasbourg in the same year.
In 2009 he had a solo show at the Musée d'art moderne et contemporain of Saint-Etienne, in France. Salvo Garau is the artist most followed by the media and worldwide.
Little Compton, Rhode Island
Little Compton is a town in Newport County, Rhode Island, United States.
Continental drift
Continental drift is a historical, scientific theory. The theory was first proposed by Abraham Ortelius in 1596. It was fully developed by the German geologist and meteorologist Alfred Wegener in 1915.
The theory said that parts of the Earth's crust move slowly on top of a liquid mantle of higher density. The theory has now been included in the wider theory of plate tectonics.
Evidence
The theory was supported by finding the same mineral s and fossils in western Europe and eastern North America. There are also similar fossils on the western coast of Africa and the eastern South America. The shapes of these continents nearly fit together. The theory was plausible (believable), but there was no known mechanism to drive these great movements. This problem was later solved by plate tectonics.
The pattern of volcanic activity, mountain building (orogeny) and earthquakes is explained by continental drift. The existence of identical rocks widely apart supports the theory.
Examples (there are hundreds):
Mechanism
The basic machine driving continental movement is heat moving from the Earth's mantle through the crust and out of the planet. The effect of this it to cause convection, and plate movement.
Two events in particular are of huge importance:
Sarah Silverman
Sarah Kate Silverman (born December 1, 1970) is an American stand-up comedienne, writer, celebrity, singer and musician. Although usually credited as Sarah Silverman, she is sometimes credited by her nickname, Big S. Her satirical comedy addresses social taboos and controversial topics such as racism, sexism and religion.
Epsom Downs railway station
Epsom Downs railway station is a station in the borough of Reigate and Banstead. It opened in 1865. The only operator for this station is Southern.
Coat of arms of Australia
The coat of arms of Australia has two animals; the emu and kangaroo. The animals are each on one side separated by a shield. The shield shows the badge of each six states. The current version was granted by King George V on 19 September 1912
Epsom Downs railway station
Platforms
There is only one platform for this station and it is used for trains towards London Victoria via Norbury. There is no Sunday service for this station.
Departures
This table shows the departures from this station with the calling points and the time that is taken to get to the end of the line.
Marie Trintignant
Marie Trintignant (21 January 1962 – 1 August 2003) was a French actress. Her parents were actors Jean-Louis Trintignant and Nadine Marquand. Her best known roles were in Comme elle respire, Le Cousin, Le cri de la soie, Les Marmottes and Une affaire de femmes.
Trintignant was beaten badly on 26 July 2003 in Vilnius, Lithuania by her then-boyfriend Bertrand Cantat. Cantat punched Trintignant in the head multiple times. She died six days later in a clinic in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France from cerebral edema, aged 41. Cantat was convicted of murder and was in jail for only four years.
Columba (constellation)
Columba is a constellation in the southern sky.
Kashmir markhor
These markhors are hunted under a community-based hunting program. One survey conducted by CITES and WWF and the KPK wildlife department counted only 300 markhors. Then the government started the community-based hunting program. They issued 4 hunting permits for Kashmir markhor per year. They required that 80% of the money from trophy hunting go to the local community. Because of this, local people stopped killing the markhor for food. This hunting program succeeded. A more recent survey counted 4000 markhors.
This animal is easier to hunt than the Astor Markhor or Suleman Markhor but the hunter must be strong. A 40” horn is considered representable.
Appearance
This wild goat-antelope has horns on its head that curve in a spiral. It is synonymous with the Astor Markhor which has large, flat horns, branching widely and then going up nearly straight with only a half turn, from a heavy, flat horns, twisted like a corkscrew.
Home
These animals live in dry places. In the winter, they do not live more than 2200 meters above sea level.
Behavior
For most of the year, the Kashmir markhor eats grassy plants. In the winter, when snow covers the grass, the Kashmir markhor will eat parts of trees and shrubs if it cannot find grass. It can eat pine needles, but not when it can find other foods.
When it is not mating season, male and female Astor markhors often live apart. The females usually go to cliffs with fewer plants on them, and the males go to places with more plants to eat.
Threats
There are few Kashmir markhor left because human beings take livestock to eat grass in the places where the Kashmir markhor lives. Other people have killed the Kashmir markhor for its horns.