cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
User Datagram Protocol
Ports
UDP applications use datagram sockets to establish host-to-host communications. Sockets bind the application to service ports that functions as the endpoints of data transmission. A port is a software structure that is identified by the port number, a 16 bit integer value, allowing for port numbers between 0 and 65,535. Port 0 is reserved, but is able to be used if the sending process does not expect messages in response.
Ports 1024 through 49,151 (0xBFFF) are registered ports.
Ports 49,152 through 65,535 (0xFFFF) are used as temporary ports usually by clients when communicating to servers.
Uses
There are many uses for UDP, for example BitTorrent optionally uses it for peer-to-peer file sharing. The Teredo tunneling protocol uses UDP.
Hermiswil
Hermiswil was a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the municipality of Seeberg.
MAN SE
MAN SE is a German mechanical engineering company and parent company of the MAN Group. It is a subsidiary of automaker Volkswagen. MAN SE is based in Munich. Its primary output is for the automotive industry, particularly heavy trucks. Further activities include the production of diesel engines for various applications, including boats. The company also builds turbomachinery.
British licence
In the 1950s, the North British Locomotive Company of Scotland held a licence to build diesel engines of MAN design. These engines were used in some British Railways diesel locomotives, such as the Class 21.
Yusuke Amano
Yusuke Amano (born 10 April 1978) is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
40||2 40||2
Bristol, Florida
Bristol is a city of Liberty County in the state of Florida in the United States.
Frankston, Texas
Frankston is a town in the U.S. state of Texas.
The Conners
The Conners are a working-class family. They work hard to get by on a limited household income. They're forced to face the daily struggles in their home in the fictional town of Lanford, Illinois.
The series stars John Goodman, Sara Gilbert, Lecy Goranson, Laurie Metcalf and Emma Kenney. Almost all continue their roles from the TV series Roseanne.
Development on a spin-off began when the series Roseanne was canceled in May 2018. The show was canceled when actress Roseanne Barr made racist remarks on Twitter that month.
The Conners airs at tge same time that the previous show, Roseanne, had been scheduled to air during the 2018–19 television season. It airs at 8:00 pm Eastern Time and 7:00 pm Central Time.
The show's first season began on October 26, 2018 on the ABC network.
Hemiphractidae
Hemiphractidae is a family of frogs. They live in South and Central America. Previously, this group was classified as a subfamily under family Hylidae.
Breeding behavior
This frog is different in that the eggs grow into froglets on the back of the female. In most there is no free-swimming tadpole stage. In some of the frogs the eggs are in a pouch until they hatch.
Taxonomy
The Hemiphractidae family is divided into the following genera:
Quattrocento
Quattrocento is the Italian term that means "four hundred" for the years belonging to the fifteenth century. It was one of the most important periods of European art and culture. It started in Italy and it is the first phase of the movement known as Renaissance.
Ettore Bassi
Ettore Francesco Maria Bassi (born April 16, 1970) is an Italian actor and television presenter. In 2010, it was announced that he is the successor of Kaspar Capparoni in the German-Austrian-Italian thriller series Inspector Rex.
Quattrocento
Characteristics
The Quattrocento (1401-1500) began in Florence, promoted by the Medici family. At this time the figure of the artist and creator was imposed at the expense of anonymity. Man was considered the most perfect work of God, in the early renaissance artists.
In this century art painting techniques evolve, getting the "perspective", and in sculpture comes an improvement based on the imitation of classical Greek and Roman art. Even in architecture there was a return to the lines of Roman monuments.
Lorenzo de' Medici encouraged a lot of his countrymen to commission works from Florence's leading artists, including Leonardo da Vinci, Sandro Botticelli, and Michelangelo Buonarroti.
The best artists (after the genius of Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo Buonarroti, who worked mainly during the Cinquecento) of this period are:
The famous literary men of the Quattrocento had been educated in the culture created in the preceding century. Niccolò Machiavelli was born in 1469, Michelangelo Buonarroti and Ludovico Ariosto in 1474, Jacopo Nardi in 1476, Gian Giorgio Trissino in 1478, Francesco Guicciardini in 1482, Pietro Pomponazzi in 1462, Marcello Adriani Virgilio in 1464 and Baldassare Castiglione in 1468.
The Renaissance music of Quattrocento was centered around Bartolomeo da Bologna. Indeed, after the "Burgundian School" came to an end, Italy became the leading exponent of Renaissance music and continued its innovation with the Venetian and (somewhat more conservative) Roman Schools of composition.
Bunnell, Florida
Bunnell is a city in Flagler County, Florida in the United States.
Harry Gulkin
Harry Gulkin (November 14, 1927 – July 23, 2018) was a Canadian director, screenwriter and producer. He was born in Montreal, Quebec. He produced Lies My Father Told Me, which was nominated for an Academy Award for best screenplay, and won a Golden Globe for best foreign movie.
From 1983 to 1987, Gulkin was director of the Saidye Bronfman Centre for the Arts.
Gulkin died in Montreal on July 23, 2018 from pneumonia, aged 90.
High Times (song)
"High Times" is a 1997 song by English funk band Jamiroquai and is the fifth and final single from their third studio album Travelling Without Moving. It went to number 20 in the United Kingdom, number 19 in Iceland, number 23 in Scotland and went to top 10 on the dance charts in the United States and Canada.
LANSA
Líneas Aéreas Nacionales S.A (LANSA) was a Peruvian airline based in Lima. It was established in 1963. After its last Lockheed Electra crashed on Christmas Eve 1971, LANSA stopped operations on January 4, 1972.
History
Its base was the Jorge Chávez International Airport. It operated flights inside and outside the country. Within the country it made itinerary flights, beginning its operations with Lockheed 749 Constellation aircrafts.
Accidents
The airline is sadly remembered for the series of accidents that they had. They were caused by bad maintenance/operations of aircrafts.
1970 accident
Later, on August 9, 1970, another fatal accident occurred. It was a Lockheed L-188A Electra. It took off from the Velasco Astete airport in the city of Cuzco in the afternoon. They caused the failure of engine number 3 -an Allison turboprop- while trying to take off. The captain of the aircraft continued with this operation. But they failed to maintain the speed necessary for the ascent, a fact that was aggravated by retracting the flaps with the consequent loss of lift, causing the aircraft to lean to the left. Finally it hit the ground in the San Jerónimo sector. As a result of this accident, 99 of the 100 occupants on plane and 2 farmers on ground at the time of impact have died.
Disestablishment
In 1972, they stopped operations. Their remaining fleet just had only one Lockheed L-188 Electra. This is because others had already been lost.
Heythuysen
Heythuysen is a former municipality in the Dutch province of Limburg. Since 2007, it has been part of the new municipality of Leudal.
Honda
Honda is one of the largest engineering company from Japan created on 24 September 1948. It is well known for making automobiles and motorcycles. Although Honda started in Japan, it now has many factories in other countries that includes the United States, Canada, Brazil, Thailand and China. Honda sells a luxury line of cars in the United States with the Acura name.
Some of the automobiles that Honda makes include the:
Some of the cars Honda has made in the past are:
Honda also makes ATVs. Honda is also known for participating in a very wide range of motorsport events, including Formula One, MotoGP, LeMans, IRL and others.
Honda also makes small engines for chainsaws, lawnmowers and leaf blowers.
Honda does a lot of research on humanlike robots. Honda built Asimo, a robot that can walk, talk, dance, carry things and answer questions. These are not yet for sale in the United States.
Honda also creates a jet, known as the HondaJet. It is not often seen in the United States.
Issue
Issue may have one of the following special meanings:
Alba, Texas
Alba is a town in the U.S. state of Texas.
Richard A. Lupoff
Richard Allen Lupoff (February 21, 1935 – October 22, 2020) was an American science fiction and mystery author. He was an expert on the writing of Edgar Rice Burroughs and H. P. Lovecraft. He was born in New York City. Lupoff was known for his works Master of Adventure: The Worlds of Edgar Rice Burroughs, Space War Blues, 12:01 PM and Lovecraft's Book.
Lupoff died on October 22, 2020 in Berkeley, California at the age of 85.
Hunsel
Hunsel is a former municipality in the Dutch province of Limburg. Since 2007, it has been part of the new municipality of Leudal.
Fossa
The fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox) is a cat-like, carnivorous mammal endemic to Madagascar. It is a member of the Eupleridae, a family of carnivorans closely related to the mongoose family (Herpestidae).
Its classification has been controversial because it looks like a cat. However, other traits suggest a close relationship with viverrids (most civets and their relatives). Its classification influenced thought about how many times mammalian carnivores had colonized Madagascar. Genetic studies now show that the fossa and all other Malagasy carnivores are closely related to each other: they are a clade, the family Eupleridae. Carnivorans are now thought to have colonized the island once about 18 to 20 million years ago.
The fossa is the largest mammalian carnivore on the island of Madagascar and has been compared to a small cougar. Adults have a head-body length of 70 - 80 cm and weigh between 5.5 and 8.6 kg. The males larger than the females. It has semiretractable claws and flexible ankles that allow it to climb up and down trees head-first, and they can jump from tree to tree.
Brooksville, Florida
Geography
Brooksville has a total area of 11.3 square miles.
Fossa
The species is widespread, although population densities are usually low. It is found only in forested habitat, and hunts by day and night. Over 50% of its diet consists of lemurs, the endemic primates of the island. Tenrecs, rodents, lizards, birds, and other animals are also prey. Mating usually occurs in trees on horizontal limbs and can last for several hours. Litters range from one to six pups, which are born blind and toothless (altricial). Infants wean after 4.5 months and are independent after a year. Sexual maturity occurs around three to four years of age, and life expectancy in captivity is 20 years. The fossa is listed as "Vulnerable" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. It is generally feared by the Malagasy people and is often protected by their taboo. The greatest threat to the species is habitat destruction.
William H. Donaldson
William Henry Donaldson (born June 2, 1931) is an American politician. He was the 27th Chairman of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), serving from February 2003 to June 2005.
American Kennel Club
The American Kennel Club is an association of breeders of purebred dogs. It is in the United States. The club was founded in 1886. It is one of three such associations. The others are the Federation Cynologique Internationale, and the British Kennel Club. The American Kennel Club has a defined set of dog breeds, which it classifies into groups. While the breeds are pretty standard among the three associations, the classification into groups is not.
William H. Donaldson
Donaldson served as Under Secretary of State for International Security Affairs in the Nixon Administration. He was a special adviser to Vice President Nelson Rockefeller, chairman and CEO of the New York Stock Exchange, and chairman, President and CEO of Aetna. Donaldson founded Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.
Cristina Stamate
Cristina Stamate (8 September 1946 – 27 November 2017) was a Romanian actress. She was born in Bucharest. She was best known for her stage performances. She spent most of her career at the Teatrul de Revistă Constantin Tănase in Bucharest. She appeared in two movies, Grăbește-te încet (1981) and Secretul lui Bachus (1984).
Stamate died on 27 November 2017 in Bucharest after having a stroke. She was 71. On the day of her death, she learned of the death of her friend, actress Stela Popescu.
Twice
Twice (Hangul: 트와이스) is a South Korean girl group. The group was created through the reality show Sixteen. There are nine members in the group. They are Nayeon, Jeongyeon, Momo, Sana, Jihyo, Mina, Dahyun, Chaeyoung and Tzuyu.
2013-2015: Creation through Sixteen and debut mini album
On December 19, 2013, JYP Entertainment announced that they would create a new girl group in the first half of 2014, the first all girl group to come out of the company since Miss A in 2010. On February 27, 2014, JYP trainees Lena and Cecila were confirmed as members of the group called 6mix, while other rumored members included Nayeon, Jeongyeon, Jihyo and Minyoung. The group was eventually cancelled when Lena and Cecilia left the company.
In February, Park Jin-young announced the lineup of the upcoming girl group would feature seven members and be decided through Sixteen, a television competition show that would air on Mnet later that year. The show began on May 5 and ended with Nayeon, Jeongyeon, Sana, Jihyo, Mina, Dahyun and Chaeyoung as the seven Twice members. Later, Park decided to add two more girls into the group, making Twice a nine member group by adding Tzuyu, who was added as the audience favorite due to bring the most popular contestant by the end of the show and Momo, who was added by Park himself since he felt the group needed someone with Momo's performance abilities. Momo had already been eliminated a few episodes before the finale, so the decision was disliked by some fans.
On October 7, 2015 the group's official website was created and their first extended play (EP), 'The Story Begins', would be released with the single "'Like Ooh-Ahh'" which was released on October 20. On the same day as their EP's release the group performed all tracks at a live performance. The music video was watched 50 million times on YouTube within five months of it's release and became one of the most-viewed debut music videos of any K-pop group. The group performed "Like Ooh-Ahh" at SBS Gayo Daejeon at the end of 2015.
Shinya Tamaoki
Shinya Tamaoki (born 8 October 1988) is a Japanese football player.
Twice
2016-2017: Rise in popularity, first tour and first album in Japanese
Twice released their second EP, Page Two, on April 25, 2016. It included their singles "Cheer Up" and "I'm Gonna Be A Star", the second which served as the theme song for Sixteen. On May 5 Twice won their first music show award with "Cheer Up" on M Countdown, which fell exactly one year after the first episode aired of Sixteen. By August, Page Two had sold over 150,000 copies making Twice the first girl group to have a sales record of more than 100,000 units that year.
2018-present
In January, Twice began their first Japanese tour which was held from January 19th until February 1. Afterwards, Twice released their second Japanese single, "Candy Pop", on February 7, 2018.
On April 9, they released their fifth EP, "What Is Love?". This EP gave Twice the title of the first female artists to gain a Platinum award in Korea, selling over 250,000 copies of the album. On April 24, Twice released the music video for their third Japan album, "Wake Me Up", which was released on May 16, 2018. The release of the single album broke records of first day sales. Twice broke records in Japan with their three singles having sold almost 300,000 copies in the first week of being released.
Awards and nominations
Twice received its first-ever nomination and award at the 2015 Mnet Asian Music Awards with the Best New Female Artist award, followed by another New Artist Award at the 2016 Golden Disc Awards.
Leudal
Leudal is a municipality in the Dutch province of Limburg. In 2019, 35,681 people lived there.
It was created on 1 January 2007 from the former municipalities of Heythuysen, Haelen, Hunsel, and Roggel en Neer.
Christina Grimmie
Christina Victoria Grimmie (March 12, 1994 - June 10, 2016) was an American singer, actress and YouTuber. She has performed cover versions of songs by Christina Aguilera, Selena Gomez and Demi Lovato. She released an extended play, Find Me, in June 2011. Her studio album With Love was released in 2013. A second EP, Side A, was released in 2016.
Life
Christina Victoria Grimmie was born and raised in New Jersey.
Shannon Woodward
Shannon Marie Woodward (born December 17, 1984) is an American actress known for her roles as Sabrina in Raising Hope and Di Di Malloy in The Riches. She was born in Phoenix, Arizona.
Yes, Dear
Yes, Dear is an American television series that aired from October 2, 2000 to February 15, 2006 on CBS. It starred Anthony Clark, Jean Louisa Kelly, Mike O'Malley and Liza Snyder.
In the US, the repetitions of the series can be seen on Nick at Nite, Nick Jr. (block as part NickMom) and CMT. In Canada, it's on Joytv.
Ferdinand Cohn
Ferdinand Julius Cohn (24 January 1828 – 25 June 1898) was a German biologist. He is a founder of modern bacteriology and microbiology.
Bianca Ryan
Bianca Taylor Ryan (born September 1, 1994) is an American singer. She was the winner of NBC's America's Got Talent in its first season. Her first album, Bianca Ryan, was released in autumn 2006. In 2012, Ryan joined the cast of the independent movie We Be Kings. She played a teenaged musician who is guided by an angel to an ancient blues musician frozen in a blizzard.
Ferdinand Cohn
Cohn was born in the Jewish quarter of Breslau in the Prussian Province of Silesia. This is now Wroclaw, Poland. Starting at age 16 he studied botany under Heinrich Goppert at the University of Breslau. He then moved to the University of Berlin. At age 19 in 1847 he received a degree in botany at Berlin.
Bianca Ryan
Ryan was born and raised in Philadelphia.
Roggel en Neer
Roggel en Neer is a former municipality in the Dutch province of Limburg. Since 2007, it has been part of the new municipality of Leudal.
Ferdinand Cohn
In 1849 he returned to the University of Breslau and he remained at that university for the rest of his career as a teacher and researcher. His father had bought for him a large and expensive microscope, which the University of Breslau and most universities did not have at that time. They had microscopes, but not so good as his. It was Ferdinand Cohn's main research tool in the 1850s.
In the 1850s he studied the growth and division of plant cells. In 1855 he produced papers on the sexuality of Sphaeroplea and later Volvox. In the 1860s he studied plant physiology. Cohn was the first to classify algae as plants, and to define what distinguishes them from green plants.
From 1870 onward he mostly studied bacteria. He published over 150 research reports during his lifetime. The University of Breslau became an innovative center for plant physiology and microbiology while he was there. His classification of bacteria into four groups based on shape (sphericals, short rods, threads, and spirals) is still in use today.
Among other things Cohn showed that Bacillus can change from a vegetative state to an endospore when conditions are hard. Heat resistant spores of B. subtilis caused a controversy over spontaneous generation. Cohn explained why boiled infusions of hay and cheese could still get microbial growth. It was because they contained heat resistant spores.
Zla Kolata
Zla Kolata is a mountain in Montenegro. The mountain lies on the border between Montenegro and Albania. It is the highest point in Montenegro, 2534 meters high.
Promotion
Promotion means spreading information about an product, service or issue.
Promotion as part of marketing means spreading information about a product, product line, brand, or company. Promotion includes:
Promotion for marketing includes additionally:
Promotion can also happen when a marketing company is providing discounts and coupons to customers to create brand awareness.
Plant physiology
Plant physiology is the part of botany which studies how plants work. That is the physiology of plants. Using a variety of methods, botanists study how plants reproduce, grow, get nutrients, photosynthesise, get water, and so on.
Promotion
Promotion is different from advertising in that
Plant physiology
The main topics of plant physiology are photosynthesis, respiration, plant nutrition, plant hormones, tropisms, nastic movements, photoperiodism, photomorphogenesis, circadian rhythms, environmental stress physiology, seed germination, dormancy, stomata function and transpiration.
The Riches
The Riches is an American television series on FX. It aired from March 12, 2007 to April 29, 2008. It is about a family of a father (Eddie Izzard), mother (Minnie Driver) and their three children as they swap their lives as travelers, crooks and thieves by pretending to be a wealthy family in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
Arrondissement of Foix
The arrondissement of Foix is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Ariège département. Its capital, and the prefecture of the department, is the city of Foix.
Geography
The arrondissement of Foix has the Pamiers arrondissement to the north, the Aude department to the east, the Pyrénées-Orientales department to the southeast, Andorra to the south, Spain to the southwest and the Saint-Girons arrondissement to the west.
Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.
In the arrondissement of Foix, there are 4 cantons whose communes are in the arrondissement: Haute-Ariège, Foix, Pays d'Olmes and Sabarthès as can be seen in the following table:
DJ Jazzy Jeff
Jeffrey Allen Townes (born January 22, 1965), also known as DJ Jazzy Jeff, is an American record producer of hip hop and R&B. He is best known for taking part at the beginning of his career with Will Smith as DJ Jazzy Jeff and the Fresh Prince.
DJ Jazzy Jeff graduated from the John Bartram High School in Philadelphia where his name is inscribed as one of the students outstanding.
DJ Jazzy Jeff is not to be confused with MC Jazzy Jeff, which, in fact, filed and won a lawsuit over the name Jazzy Jeff against Jeff Townes when Jive Records signed DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince.
Personal life
Jeff married Lynette C. Jackson on July 31, 2010. He has two sons.
Melrose Place (1992 TV series)
Melrose Place was an American primetime soap opera which began July 8th, 1992 and ended May 24, 1999. The show lasted seven seasons on Fox. Starring in the show were Daphne Zuniga, Marcia Cross, Courtney Thorne Smith, Josie Bissett, Heather Locklear, and many others. Aaron Spelling was the executive producer for Melrose Place throughout its seven year run. Many cast changes happened during this time period.
Old Persian language
The Old Persian language is one of two Old Iranian languages. The other is Avestan). Old Persian was used during the Achaemenid era (c. 600 BC to 300 BC). Examples of Old Persian have been found in Iran, Iraq, Turkey and Egypt.
Classification
Old Persian is an Old Iranian language, a member of the Southwestern Iranian language group. As an Iranian language, Old Persian is a member of the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family.
Old Persian subsequently developed into Middle Persian, which is in turn the nominal ancestor of New Persian.
Phonology
The following phonemes are expressed in the Old Persian script:
Vowels
Consonants
Nouns
Old Persian stems:
Adjectives are declinable in similar way.
Verbs
Voices Active, Middle (them. pres. -aiy-, -ataiy-), Passive (-ya-).
In Old Persian were used mostly the forms of first and third persons. Only Dual form used was ajīvatam 'both lived'.
Borrelia
Borrelia is a spirochaete bacterium which causes Lyme disease.
8 Eyes
8 Eyes is a 1988 video game created by Thinking Rabbit for the Nintendo Entertainment System. The game has eight levels in it, and can be played by one or two players. In the game, a soundtrack, composed by Kenzou Kumei, had three songs for each of the eight levels, each set in a different part of the world. It has almost the same gameplay and graphics to Castlevania. The name of the main character of the game is Orin, and he looks like Simon Belmont from the Castlevania games.
Borrelia
Today, 36 species of Borrelia are known. 12 of these cause borreliosis, a zoonotic, vector-borne disease transmitted primarily by ticks or lice. The vector of transmission is dependent on the species of Borrelia. Borreliosis is also known as Lyme disease. Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia afzelii are among the species that cause Lyme disease. Other species such as Borrelia hermsii or Borrelia parkeri cause relapsing fever. In this case, the vector are ticks, which are spread by rodents.
2011 Daytona 500
The 2011 Daytona 500 took place on February 20th 2011 at the Daytona International Speedway. It was the first race of the 2011 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series. Dale Earnhardt, Jr. won the pole in qualifying, however he did not start in 1st place because he crashed his car during practice. The race was won by Trevor Bayne. At 20 years old, he is the youngest driver to win the race.
David Sturtevant Ruder
Ruder served as chairman of U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission from 1987 to 1989, and later practiced with the Chicago-based law firm Baker & McKenzie. He served as chairman of the Mutual Fund Directors Forum, an organization providing education to independent directors of mutual funds, from 2002 to 2010 and was the organization's chairman emeritus.
Luemschwiller
Luemschwiller is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.
Bethlehem Housing Authority
The Bethlehem Housing Authority (BHA) provides social housing in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.
The Bethlehem Housing Authority was formed in 1939. Its job was to build houses for the people living in Bethlehem, which is a city in eastern Pennsylvania.
The National Housing Act (1937) was one of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's first tries to make better the living conditions of Americans badly affected by the Great Depression of the 1930s. Bethlehem's Housing Authority was one of the first in the nation. Robert Nuemeyer became the Authority's first executive director in 1939. BHA's first board consisted of chairman (and mayor) Robert Pfeifle, Weir Jepson, Merritt Kreidler, Lt. Colonel William Coyle and Andrew W. Litzenberger.
The first thing the BHA built was "low-income public housing". That means the houses were built for people who did not earn a lot of money, and they were not built to be sold to make money. The new houses were called Pembroke Village. They were on reclaimed farmland in the northeast part of the city. This area was near the border with the boroughs of Freemansburg, Steel City and Bethlehem Township.
Pembroke Village was planned to have 202 houses or apartments, and a community building/office. At about this time, the US entered into World War II. The war meant there was very little building in the US. But Bethlehem Steel's factory was more or less turned over completely toward providing goods for the war effort. Thousands of workers were brought into Bethlehem to help the plant work for 24 hours a day. This meant a lot of houses were needed in the city. The government and the housing authority got extra land and built three communities as "temporary war housing". 700 homes for these workers were built at Parkridge, South Terrace and Clearfield. Pembroke Village was hurried to completion and its 202 units were set aside as "permanent war housing", meaning that at the end of the war, Pembroke would revert to low-income housing, while the others would be demolished.
After the end of WWII, Bethlehem had another housing crisis. Men were leaving the armed forces and going back home. From about the start of 1946, the population of the United States increased greatly. In Bethlehem the city population increased from 50,000 to 75,000 by 1960.
This meant that a lot of affordable housing was needed. The BHA decided to keep the Parkridge, South Terrace and Clearfield units and use them as public housing.
The BHA also planned to build another 500 - 600 units next to Pembroke on a former family farm along Pembroke Road. These buildings would increase Bethlehem's public housing stock to more than 1,400 units.
By 1952, Mr. Nuemeyer became ill and stepped down. He was replaced by Ralph J. Bartholomew, who was a longtime member of the banking community. During Mr. Bartholomew's tenure, the housing authority started an expansion program designed to help the growing needs of the elderly population.
1960 - 1974
In 1962, BHA showed plans for its first development designed for older people. The Robert Pfeifle Homes, was a 50 unit community in the northeast area. It had ten buildings. They were among the very first of their type in the United States. In the next ten years, the BHA would design and build more public housing for seniors, including the Litzenberger House, the Bodder Building and the Bartholomew Building and the Monocacy Tower. BHA www.bha645.com now has some 450 apartments to serve the older adults in need of affordable housing.
At around this time, Mr. Bartholomew died and his successor was brought in from the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Frank V. Loretti, with a background in labor relations became the BHA's third director.
1974 - 2003
During this time a plan was formulated to address the authority's aging infrastructure. The war-time era South Terrace, Parkridge and Clearfield projects were demolished. South Terrace and Parkridge were rebuilt between 1985 and 1991 and all other buildings were modernized, using capital fund money, which was made available by the federal government.
Also during this period, various management functions were centralized for greater organization and efficiency. The maintenance shops were also centralized within one modern facility in 1978. A Central Supply facility was dedicated in 1977.
Today
The current executive director is Clara A. Kendy (2004). Today, BHA's challenge is similar to all other housing agencies. Federal subsidy reductions of up to 15% have caused housing authorities to become leaner and to look toward innovation in order to succeed.
David Cunningham (ice hockey)
Vale David Cunningham (19 October 1928 – 20 October 2020) was an Australian ice hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1960 Winter Olympics. He was born in Brunswick, Victoria.
Bethlehem Housing Authority
Today
BHA has several new ideas, including homeownership initiatives where the authority connects eligible tenants with opportunities to help them own their own home. One such example is a partnership with Habitat For Humanity. Economic self-sufficiency is a goal that BHA continuously tries to help its residents achieve.
David Cunningham (ice hockey)
Cunningham died on 20 October 2020, one day after his 92nd birthday.
Bethlehem Housing Authority
Today
Today, the Bethlehem Housing Authority manages 1,430 conventional housing units within ten developments serving the city of Bethlehem. In addition, there are nearly 500 Housing Choice Vouchers available for eligible families. HCV was formerly known as "Section 8" housing. The authority also has various recreational and social programs for tenants of all ages.
In 2007, BHA's new First Tee Golf Learning program received a national merit award, recognizing it as an innovative recreation/learning program for children. During its 70th anniversary in 2009, it proudly broke ground for a brand new community in northeast Bethlehem. The first "Bayard Homes" will be rented during the first months of the year (2011).
Bregnano
Bregnano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Como in the Italian region of Lombardy. It is about 25 km northwest of Milan and about 13 km south of Como. As of 31 March 2017, 6,466 people lived there. It has an area of 6.2 km².
It has three churches called San Michele, San Giorgio and Santi Ippolito e Cassiano.
Kepler's laws
Kepler's laws of planetary motion are three laws that describe the motion of planets around the sun: Johannes Kepler found these laws, between 1609 and 1619.
Comparison to Copernicus
Kepler's laws improve the model of Copernicus. If the eccentricities of the planetary orbits are taken as zero, then Kepler basically agrees with Copernicus:
The eccentricities of the orbits of those planets known to Copernicus and Kepler are small, so the rules above give good approximations of planetary motion; but Kepler's laws fit the observations better than Copernicus's.
Kepler's corrections are not at all obvious:
The eccentricity of the orbit of the Earth makes the time from the March equinox to the September equinox, around 186 days, unequal to the time from the September equinox to the March equinox, around 179 days. A diameter would cut the orbit into equal parts, but the plane through the sun parallel to the equator of the earth cuts the orbit into two parts with areas in a 186 to 179 ratio, so the eccentricity of the orbit of the Earth is approximately which is close to the correct value (0.016710219) (see Earth's orbit). The calculation is correct when perihelion, the date the Earth is closest to the Sun, falls on a solstice. The current perihelion, near January 4, is fairly close to the solstice of December 21
Pencil
A pencil is a kind of writing equipment that is also used to draw, usually on paper. Most pencil cores are made of graphite powder mixed with a clay binder. So, a pencil is usually made with a piece of graphite mixed with clay that has a wood case around it. The shape is usually a hexagonal prism but some pencils are square or cylinder.
Colored pencils are a kind that do not use greyish silver graphite. Instead, the core is colorful. Colored pencils or crayons are usually meant for drawing rather than writing.
The difference between pens and pencils
The important difference between pens and pencils is that the tip of a pencil is made of solid graphite (or other material) which is rubbed off onto the paper. A pen has a tip, usually made of metal, with liquid ink coming out and onto the paper. Writing with a pen can smudge when it is still wet. Writing from a pencil can be erased, but writing from a pen usually cannot, unless it uses a special type of ink and eraser.
History
An early writing tool was the reed pen used by ancient Egyptians, who wrote with ink on sheets of papyrus paper.
Another early writing instrument was the stylus, which was a thin stick of wood or metal, often lead. It was used for scratching onto black wax that covered white wood, a method used by the Romans. The word pencil comes from the Latin word pencillus which means "little tail". It is an invention of the 16th century in England.
Discovery of graphite deposits
Some time before 1565 (it may have been as early as 1500), a large deposit of graphite was found in Borrowdale, Cumbria. The locals found that it was very useful for marking sheep. This deposit of graphite was extremely pure and solid, and it could easily be sawn into sticks. This is still the only large scale deposit of graphite ever found in this solid form. Chemistry was in its early stages and the substance was thought to be a form of lead. Consequently, it was called plumbago (Latin for "lead ore"). The black core of pencils is still referred to as lead, even though it never had the element lead.
The value of graphite was soon realized, mainly because it could be used to line the moulds for cannonballs. The mines were taken over by the Crown and guarded. When enough stocks of graphite had been added up, the mines were flooded to prevent theft until more was needed. Graphite had to be sneakily moved out for use in pencils. Because graphite is soft, it requires some form of holder. Graphite sticks were at first wrapped in string or in sheepskin for stability. The news of the usefulness of these early pencils spread far and wide, attracting the attention of artists all over the known world.
England continued to have a monopoly on the production of pencils until a method of reconstituting the graphite powder was found. The distinctively square English pencils continued to be made with sticks cut from natural graphite into the 1860s. The town of Keswick, near the original findings of block graphite, has a pencil museum.
The first attempt to manufacture graphite sticks from powdered graphite was in Nuremberg, Germany, in 1662. It used a mixture of graphite, sulphur, and antimony.
Residual graphite from a pencil stick is not poisonous, and graphite is harmless if consumed.
Wood holders added
The Italians first thought of wooden holders. In 1560, an Italian couple named Simonio and Lyndiana Bernacotti created the first blueprints for the modern carpentry pencil to mark their carpentry pieces. Their version was instead a flat, oval, more compact type of pencil. They did this at first by hollowing out a stick of juniper wood. Shortly thereafter, a superior technique was discovered: two wooden halves were carved, a graphite stick inserted, and the two halves then glued together–essentially the same method in use to this day.
English and German pencils were not available to the French during the Napoleonic Wars. France was under naval blockade imposed by Great Britain and could not import the pure graphite sticks from the British Grey Knotts mines – the only known source in the world for solid graphite. France was also unable to import the inferior German graphite pencil substitute. It took the efforts of an officer in Napoleon's army to change this. In 1795, Nicholas Jacques Conté discovered a method of mixing powdered graphite with clay and forming the mixture into rods that were then fired in a kiln. By varying the ratio of graphite to clay, the hardness of the graphite rod could also be varied. This method of manufacture, which had been earlier discovered by the Austrian Joseph Hardtmuth of Koh-I-Noor in 1790, remains in use.
In England, pencils continued to be made from whole sawn graphite. Henry Bessemer's first successful invention (1838) was a method of compressing graphite powder into solid graphite thus allowing the waste from sawing to be reused.
American colonists imported pencils from Europe until after the American Revolution. Benjamin Franklin advertised pencils for sale in his Pennsylvania Gazette in 1729, and George Washington used a three-inch pencil when he surveyed the Ohio Territory in 1762. It is said that William Munroe, a cabinetmaker in Concord, Massachusetts, made the first American wood pencils in 1812. This was not the only pencil-making occurring in Concord. Henry David Thoreau discovered how to make a good pencil out of inferior graphite using clay as the binder; this invention was prompted by his father's pencil factory in Concord, which employed graphite found in New Hampshire in 1821 by Charles Dunbar.
Eraser attached
On 30 March 1858, Hymen Lipman received the first patent for attaching an eraser to the end of a pencil. In 1862 Lipman sold his patent to Joseph Reckendorfer for $100,000, who went to sue the pencil manufacturer Faber-Castell for infringement. In 1875, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled against Reckendorfer declaring the patent invalid.
The metal band used to mate the eraser with pencil is called a ferrule.
Other attempts
English and German pencils were not available to the French during the Napoleonic wars. It took the efforts of an officer in Napoleon's army to change this. In 1795 Nicholas Jacques Conté discovered a method of mixing powdered graphite with clay and forming the mixture into rods which were then fired in a kiln. By varying the ratio of graphite to clay, the hardness of the graphite rod could also be varied (the more clay, the harder the pencil, and the lighter the color of the mark). This method of making pencils is still used today.
Modern day pencils
Today, pencils are made industrially by mixing finely ground graphite and clay powders, adding water, forming long spaghetti-like strings, and firing them in a kiln. The resulting strings are dipped in oil or molten wax which seeps into the tiny holes of the material, resulting in smoother writing. A juniper or incense-cedar plank with several long parallel grooves is cut to make something called a slate, and the graphite/clay strings are inserted into the grooves. Another grooved plank is glued on top, and the whole thing is then cut into individual pencils, which are then varnished or painted.
Common People
"Common People" is a 1995 song by English alternative rock band Pulp. It is the leading single from their fifth studio album Different Class. It went to number 2 in the United Kingdom and Scotland, number 65 in Australia, number 77 in Germany, number 49 in France, number 4 in Sweden and number 5 in Norway. It was covered by William Shatner in 2004.
Track listings
All songs were written and composed by Jarvis Cocker, Nick Banks, Steve Mackey, Russell Senior and Candida Doyle except where noted.
UK CD1 and cassette single
Jodelle Ferland
Jodelle Micah Ferland (born October 9, 1994) is a Canadian actress. She played Sharon and Alessa in the thriller movie Silent Hill (2006). She also played Mary Jensen in the miniseries Kingdom Hospital (2004) and Bree Tanner in the movie The Twilight Saga: Eclipse (2010). She began acting at age two.
Common People
Track listings
UK CD2
UK 7-inch yellow vinyl single
US 12-inch vinyl promo
Kerkrade
Kerkrade is a municipality in the Dutch province of Limburg. In 2019, 45,642 people lived there.
Les Six
Les Six (pronounced "Le sees") is French for "The Six". Les Six were a group of six French composers who were friends around the year 1920. They were young at the time, and they shared a lot of ideas about music. The composer Erik Satie called them "Les Nouveaux Jeunes", but then a man called Henri Collet called them "Les Six" in an article he was writing, and that name was always used for them after that.
Damiano Zenoni
Damiano Zenoni (born 23 April 1977) is an Italian football player. He plays for Parma.
Club career statistics
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International career statistics
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Les Six
In their music they tried to be different from Richard Wagner and other composers of Romantic music, and different from Debussy and Ravel who had been writing Impressionistic music. They also wanted to write in a simple way instead of using complicated rhythms such as those of Stravinsky or twelve tone music like Arnold Schoenberg. Many of their pieces were quite short. They liked strong, masculine music, especially jazz.
The six composers did not stay together for very long as they soon developed their own personal styles in their compositions.
After 1920
It was really only in 1920 that all six composers were together. They had all been inspired by Jean Cocteau and Eric Satie. By 1921 Louis Durey had already left the group. Les Six continued to be associated with the style of French music from around the 1920s. They still remained friends, and used to visit a bar known as "La Gaya" which became Le Boeuf sur le Toit (The Ox on the Roof): the title of Milhaud's ballet. The group published an album of piano pieces together called "Album des Six". Five of the members worked together on the music for Cocteau's work Les Mariés de la Tour Eiffel
Golshifteh Farahani
Golshifteh Farahani (, born Rahavard Farahani; 10 July 1983) is an Iranian-French actress, musician and singer. She is best known for her roles in the movies Body of Lies (2008), The Patience Stone (2012), Exodus: Gods and Kings (2014), Paterson (2016), Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales (2017) and The Upside (2019). In 2016, she portrayed the title character in the stage version of Anna Karenina.
Les Six
After 1920
The name "The Six" was a reference to the group of Russian composers who had been known as "The Five".
Callaway, Florida
Callaway is a city of Florida in the United States.
Golshifteh Farahani
Farahani was born in Tehran. Her father is actor Behzad Farahani and her sister is actress Shaghayegh Farahani. She was married to Amin Mahdavi from 2004 to 2013. She was married to Australian Christos Dorje Walker from 2015 to 2017.
In 2012, Farahani was banned from returning to Iran after posing naked in a French magazine.
Callaway, Florida
Geography
Callaway has a total area of 9.5 square miles.
Cape Canaveral, Florida
Cape Canaveral is a city of Florida in the United States.
Threat
A threat is a type of communication. It is a warning. It is a behaviour which almost all advanced animals have. In humans it is often verbal (spoken). Dictionary definition:
Threats evolved because actual fighting often damages an animal, and a damaged animal is at risk. On the other hand, animals compete for food, territory, mating and other important things.
Because humans have complicated brains, their use of threats may be deliberate, and may be spoofs or jokes. Humans make threats verbally, but words are not automatic. If I tread in your toe, you may say "Ow" by reflex. That's not a threat. But if I say "do that again, and I'll (whatever)", that's a threat. In many cases the threat is not believed, or may even be a joke. Like other communications, a threat has a context, and the context decides its meaning.
A child who says "I'll tell my dad" may learn from the sarcastic reply "I'm so scared!" that the threat is an idle threat. An idle threat is one that promises harm which cannot or will not happen.
A threat to do harm may be mixed with an offer to do good. This is called a conditional offer, or throffer. The threat part may be implied, but nevertheless effective.
Some countries, such as the United States, have a legal concept of true threat. A true threat is a threatening communication which can be prosecuted under the law.
A threat can describe a situation of danger: for example "a terrorist threat". Many countries have a system where the government can adjust its security by having official threat levels.