cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Glossopteris
History
Some textbooks cite the continuation of glossopterids into later parts of the Triassic and, in some cases into the Jurassic. These are mistakes based on misidentification of similar leaves, such as those of Gontriglossa, Sagenopteris, or Mexiglossa.
Glossopterids were, thus, one of the major casualties of the end-Permian mass-extinction event.
Articles of Confederation
Contents
(7) When an army is raised for common defense, the state legislatures will choose Colonels and military ranks below Colonel.
(8) The United States will pay for things using money that the state legislatures will raise. Not every state will have to pay the same amount. States with higher property values will pay more.
(9) The confederation government has these powers: to declare war; to set weights and measures (including coins); and for Congress to serve as a final court for disagreements between states.
(10) A "Committee of the States" will be the government when Congress is not meeting.
(11) Nine states must agree before a new state is accepted into the Confederation. Canada is already approved, if it applies for membership.
(12) The Confederation accepts war debt from before the Articles.
(13) The Articles can only be changed if Congress and all of the state legislatures agree.
Congress of the Confederation
The Articles of Confederation created the Congress of the Confederation, which was formally named the "United States in Congress Assembled". It became the governing body of the United States. The Congress of the Confederation had both legislative and executive powers. This meant the Congress could make the laws and enforce the laws. The states sent delegates chosen from the state legislature. The states had one vote each.
Villecroze
Villecroze is a commune of 1,466 people (2019). It is in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Var department in southeast France.
Jim Forbes (Australian politician)
Alexander James de Burgh Forbes (16 December 1923 – 10 August 2019) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the Liberal Party. He was a government minister under five Prime Ministers: Robert Menzies, Harold Holt, John McEwen, John Gorton and William McMahon. Forbes served as Minister for the Army (1963–1966), Minister for Health (1966–1971) and Minister for Immigration (1971–1972). He was also MP for Barker from 1956 to 1975.
Forbes was born in Hobart, Tasmania. He served in the army during World War II, and was discharged in 1947. He later attended the University of Adelaide and Oxford University. Forbes lived for many years in the suburb of St Peters in Adelaide, South Australia.
Forbes died at a hospital in Adelaide on 10 August 2019. He was 95.
Sabine River (Texas–Louisiana)
The Sabine River is a river that starts in Texas, and flows into the Gulf of Mexico in Louisiana. It forms some of the lower part of the border of Louisiana-Texas. The Sabine State Bank is named after the river. The name Sabine comes from the Spanish word for cypress, because of the bald cypresses along the lower part of the Sabine.
Buichi Saito
Buichi Saito (齋藤武市, Saito Buichi, January 27, 1925 - January 2011) is a Japanese movie director from Chichibu, Saitama Prefecture.
Career
Saito graduated from Waseda University Faculty of Letters in 1948. Then, he joined the Shochiku Ofuna Film Studio as an assistant director. He studied under Yasujiro Ozu. In 1954, filmmaker Katsumi Nishikawa asked Saito to move to Nikkatsu with Seijun Suzuki and Ko Nakahira. In 1956, he directed his first movie, "My Sister's Wedding". It was not good at the box office. He continued to make high-quality literary movies that followed Ozu's style. In 1959, Saito directed "Farewell to the Southern Tosa", starring Akira Kobayashi. It became a big hit. His most well known movie with Kobayashi was The Rambling Guitarist, which became popular with Western style music. It was serialized as the "Rambler Series" and established himself as an director of entertainment movies. In 1970, he left Nikkatsu and joined Toei to directed television series.
The Barkleys of Broadway
The Barkleys of Broadway is a 1949 American musical movie directed by Charles Walters and starring Fred Astaire, Ginger Rogers, Oscar Levant, Billie Burke, Gale Robbins, Jacques François, Clinton Sundberg, George Zucco. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1950.
Localism (politics)
Localism is the ideology of prioritizing localization over imports and exports in order to supply consumers with their needs.
Localism in agriculture is when local consumers rely on their local products rather than imports to supply themselves.
Marie Lovise Widnes
Marie Lovise Widnes (1 November 1930 – 19 November 2021) was a Norwegian poet, author, singer, composer, and politician. She was born in Vanylven, Norway. She was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Møre og Romsdal in 1989, but was not re-elected in 1993. She was a member of the Labour Party.
Widnes died on 19 November 2021, aged 91.
Tennyson Ward
Tennyson is a ward of Brisbane. It was created in 2008.
San Francisco de Mostazal, Chile
Mostazal is a Chilean commune in the Province of Cachapoal, Region of O'Higgins. According to the census of 2002, the population of the commune was 21,866 and it has an area of 523.9 km2.
György Schöpflin
Schöpflin died in Budapest on 19 November 2021, five days before his 82nd birthday.
Modulus
Modulus may refer to:
Vinon-sur-Verdon
Vinon-sur-Verdon is a commune of 4,248 people (2019). It is in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Var department in southeast France.
Vins-sur-Caramy
Vins-sur-Caramy is a commune of 963 people (2019). It is in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Var department in southeast France.
William Winter
William Forrest Winter (February 21, 1923 – December 18, 2020) was an American politician. He served as the 57th Governor of Mississippi from 1980 to 1984 as a Democrat. He was born in Grenada, Mississippi.
Winter died on December 18, 2020 in Jackson, Mississippi at the age of 97.
Basij
The Basij (, lit. "The Mobilization"), Niru-ye Moghāvemat-e Basij (, "Mobilisation Resistance Force"), full name Sāzmān-e Basij-e Mostaz'afin (, "The Organization for Mobilization of the Oppressed"), is one of the five forces of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC).
Roger Ruskin Spear
Roger Ruskin Spear was a member of the Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band
William Evan Sanders
William Evan Sanders (December 25, 1919 – November 18, 2021) was an American Episcopalian prelate. He was the eighth bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Tennessee from 1977 to 1985, and first bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of East Tennessee from 1985 to 1992. He was born in Natchez, Mississippi.
Sanders died on November 18, 2021 in Nashville, Tennessee at the age of 101.
Pharrell Williams
As part of the Neptunes, Williams has produced many singles for various musicians. These artists include Jay-Z, Backstreet Boys, Blackstreet, Ludacris, Rage Against the Machine, Britney Spears, Busta Rhymes, Garbage, Mary J. Blige, and Usher. The two have earned three Grammy Awards in ten nominations. He is also the co-founder of the streetwear brands Billionaire Boys Club and Ice Cream footwear.
Williams became more well-known worldwide during 2013 and 2014, when he was featured on Robin Thicke's single "Blurred Lines" with T.I. (which he produced) and released his own single, "Happy", for the movie Despicable Me 2. Both songs reached number one in several countries around the world, including the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia. He was also featured on Daft Punk's single "Get Lucky", another international chart-topper.
Personal life
Williams and model/designer Helen Lasichanh have a son, Rocket Williams (born in 2008). The couple married on October 12, 2013. In January 2017, the couple welcomed triplets.
Edwin H. Land
Edwin H. Land (1909 - 1991) was an American physicist and inventor.
In 1932, he discovered a cheap and easy way to polarize light. In 1937 he set up the Polaroid Corporation to make scientific instruments and anti-glare sunglasses. In 1947 he developed the Polaroid camera. It could print photographs without needing film.
Pradikta Wicaksono
Pradikta Wicaksono (born in Jakarta, Indonesia, January 10, 1986) or often called Dikta, is an Indonesian singer. He is a singer for the group Yovie & Nuno, along with Dudi Oris. He joined Yovie & Nuno in 2007.
Personal life
Pradikta Wicaksono was born in Jakarta on January 10, 1986. He was the second child of three siblings.
Sleep (operating system)
When a computer is asleep, it is not running. However, programs that were running when the computer "went to sleep" are not shut down. When the computer wakes up, the programs come back to where they were before the sleep.
Mother 3
The game was kept secret until it appeared in June 2003 during a Mother 1 + 2 commercial in Japan. Once it appeared, the game stayed near the top of Famitsu's Most Wanted Games list.
Development
Mother 3 was first going to be made for the Nintendo 64 and then later for the Nintendo 64DD. It was going to be called Earthbound 64. It was canceled after the developers were having problems making the 3D graphics work. It was moved to the Game Boy Advance, and came out in 2006. It uses much stuff from EarthBound 64, including the characters Lucas, Claus, Flint, and Boney, as well as the villain of the game, Porky
Storyline
Mother 3 takes place on Nowhere Islands. The Nowhere Islands are a large amount of islands in the middle of the ocean. They contain one volcano, two mountains, a castle, and one small village called Tazmily. The story takes place when Lucas, his brother Claus, and his mother Hinawa take a vacation to his grandpa's house. During the vacation, Lucas and Claus play with a race of peaceful T-Rex like creatures called Dragos. After a long day of playing, they head home, not after Hinawa sending a message to Flint, her husband, that they are heading back.
Meanwhile, the forest near Tazmily is lit on fire mysteriously.
Characters
Lucas is the main protagonist, son of his mother Hinawa and father Flint. Lucas is known to be gentle. He is yellow haired with a stripe of yellow and red on his shirt.
Steve Martin
Early years
As a teenager, Martin started out working at the Magic Shop at Disneyland. There he developed his talents for magic, juggling, playing the banjo and creating balloon animals. He teamed up with friend and Garden Grove High School classmate Kathy Westmoreland to do a musical comedy routine. They performed at local coffee houses and at the Bird Cage Theater in Knott's Berry Farm. Martin attended Santa Ana College at the same time as actress Diane Keaton.
Martin majored in philosophy at California State University, Long Beach, but dropped out. His time there changed his life:
"It changed what I believe and what I think about everything. I majored in philosophy. Something about non-sequiturs appealed to me. In philosophy, I started studying logic, and they were talking about cause and effect, and you start to realize, 'Hey, there is no cause and effect! There is no logic! There is no anything!' Then it gets real easy to write this stuff, because all you have to do is twist everything hard—you twist the punch line, you twist the non-sequitur so hard away from the things that set it up, that it's easy... and it's thrilling."
Martin's girlfriend in 1967 was a dancer on The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour. She helped Martin get a writing job with the show by submitting his work to head writer Mason Williams. Williams initially paid Martin out of his own pocket. Along with the other writers for the show, Martin won an Emmy Award in 1969. Martin also wrote for John Denver (a neighbor of his in Aspen, Colorado at one point), The Glen Campbell Goodtime Hour, and The Sonny and Cher Comedy Hour. He also appeared on these shows and several others, in various comedy skits.
Martin also performed his own material, sometimes as an opening act for groups such as The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band and The Carpenters. He appeared at San Francisco's The Boarding House among other places. He continued to write, earning an Emmy nomination for his work on Van Dyke and Company in 1976.
Influences
Martin stated comedians like Smothers Brothers, George Carlin, Jerry Lewis, Redd Foxx, Woody Allen, George Burns, Jack Benny, Monty Python and Richard Pryor as influences.
Fame
In the mid-1970s, he made appearances as a stand-up comedian on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. That exposure, together with appearances on HBO's On Location and NBC's Saturday Night Live (SNL) led to his first of four comedy albums, Let's Get Small. The album was a huge success.
His next album, A Wild and Crazy Guy, was a bigger success. It reached the #2 spot on the sales chart in the United States. It created a catch phrase (the album's title). It was based on an SNL skit in which Martin and Dan Aykroyd played a couple of bumbling Czechoslovakian playboys. The album was a million seller.
Both albums won Grammys for Best Comedy Recording in 1977 and 1978 respectively.
Dendropsophus cerradensis
The Dendropsophus cerradensis is a frog that lives in Brazil.
Steve Martin
Movie career
Martin's first movie was a short, The Absent-Minded Waiter (1977). The seven-minute long movie, also featuring Buck Henry and Teri Garr, was written by and starred Martin. The movie was nominated for an Academy Award as Best Short Film, Live Action. His first feature movie appearance was in the musical Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. He sang the Beatles' Maxwell's Silver Hammer.
Tomb of Bijri Khan
The Tomb of Bijri Khan is situated at Sector-3 of RK Puram area in New Delhi. The mausoleum is built on a raised mound along Venkateshwara Marg. The monument has been graded an archaelogical value "A" by the Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH). The high dome of the monument is crowned by red sandstone and marble pinnacle, none of which are visible now, possibly because of the damage by atmospheric weathering.
Steve Martin
Movie career
In 1979, Martin wrote and starred in his first full-length movie, The Jerk, directed by Carl Reiner. The movie was a huge success, grossing over $73 million. Martin was in three more Reiner-directed comedies after The Jerk: Dead Men Don't Wear Plaid in 1982, The Man with Two Brains in 1983 and All of Me in 1984. In 1986, Martin joined fellow Saturday Night Live veterans Martin Short and Chevy Chase in ¡Three Amigos!, directed by John Landis.
Tomb of Bijri Khan
History
The monument is believed to be around 600 years old, and was possibly built in the Lodi Era considering its symbolic architecture. According to archaelogists, the tomb was built in rememberance of Bijri Khan who was probably a nobleman in the Lodi court. No other significant information about the tomb or Bijri Khan is available. The grave present inside the tomb doesn't have a clear inscription of who exactly was buried inside the sepulchre.
Steve Martin
Movie career
In 1986, Martin was in the musical movie version of the hit off-Broadway play Little Shop of Horrors as a sadistic dentist, Orin Scrivello.
Tomb of Bijri Khan
Recent developments
In March 2021, the Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH) signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the archaelogy department of Delhi government to promote the monument as venue for cultural and literary events under the 'adopt a heritage scheme'. The MoU also states that the venue once ready, will be available for events and activities such as Sufi musical recital, theaterical plays, book readings, and for product launches. The site will also be availabe for coporate and private events.
Steve Martin
Movie career
In 1987, Martin joined comedian John Candy in the John Hughes movie, Planes, Trains and Automobiles. That same year, the Cyrano de Bergerac adaptation Roxanne won him a Writers Guild of America award. In 1988, he did Dirty Rotten Scoundrels with Michael Caine and directed by Frank Oz.
In 2005, Martin wrote and starred in Shopgirl. Martin played a wealthy businessman who strikes up a romance with a Saks 5th Avenue counter girl (Claire Danes). He also starred in Cheaper by the Dozen 2 that year. Martin's latest work was in the 2006 remake of The Pink Panther.
Retarder
In rail transport, a retarder is a device put in a classification yard used to slow down the speed of freight cars as they are sorted into trains. Each retarder has a series of stationary brakes around a short section of each rail on the track that hold and slow the cars' wheels through friction as they roll through them. Modern retarders are computer worked to have the perfect amount of pressure on the wheels so that cars rolling down a yard's hump are slowed to a safe speed for coupling with cars already standing on the yard's tracks.
User (computing)
A user is a person who uses a computer or network service. Users of computer systems typically have no experience on how the software works.
In order to identify oneself, a user has an account (a user account) and a username (also called a screen name, handle, nickname, or nick on some systems), and in most cases also a password.
A user account allows one to authenticate to system services. It also generally provides one with the opportunity to be authorized to access them. However, authentication does not automatically mean authorization. Once the user has logged on, the operating system will often use an identifier such as an integer to refer to them, rather than their username.
Gnetophyta
The Gnetophytes are a group of seed plants with three genera. Their evolutionary relationships are unclear, but it is now clear that they are related to each other.
The three genera are:
By looking at the structure of these organisms (morphology) and the DNA (molecular taxonomy), scientists have found that Gnetum and Welwitschia are more closely related to each other than to Ephedra.
Nolan Gould
Nolan Gould (born October 28, 1998) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Luke Dunphy on the ABC sitcom Modern Family.
Mohamed Allalou
Mohamed Allalou (born September 28, 1973) is an Algerian boxer. He was in the Men's Light Welterweight division at the 2000 Summer Olympics. He won the bronze medal. He was also in the 1996 Summer Olympics.
Saint-Martin-de-Bossenay
Saint-Martin-de-Bossenay is a commune of the Aube département in the north-central part of France.
United States customary units
U.S. customary units is the main system of units of measurement used to measure things in the United States and U.S. territories (except in Puerto Rico and Guam, where the metric system is also officially used and is dominant). The system of Imperial units, on which the U.S. customary units are based, is very similar but there are some differences.
Length or distance units include the inch, foot, yard and mile.
Land units include square miles (2589998.47032 square meter) and acres (4046.8726 square meter).
Common volume units are the teaspoon, tablespoon (3 teaspoons), fluid ounce (two tablespoons), cup (8 ounces), pint (2 cups, or 16 fluid ounces), quart (2 pints, or 32 fluid ounces), US gallon (16 cups, 128 fluid ounces, or 3.8 liters).
A barrel is the unit to measure oil.
Temperature is measured in degrees Fahrenheit (°F). Here is a formula to convert from °C to °F:
Units of weight and mass include the pound (453.6 grams), which contains 16 ounces. This should not be confused with the British pound which is a type of money. The different uses of the word pound can cause confusion. Different sizes of ounce are also in use.
Some people have been trying to replace these units with the metric system since the 1820s. Much infrastructure in the United States and British Empire was built in past centuries using the old measures. During the 20th century some sectors such as science, medicine and the military of the United States converted to metric but Americans still use the old units for daily purposes. On the other hand, world trade is conducted using the metric system and except for the US, the world uses the metric system for almost all purposes.
Saint-Mesmin, Aube
Saint-Mesmin is a commune of the Aube département in the north-central part of France.
Perinaldo
Perinaldo is a comune in the Province of Imperia in the Liguria region in Italy.
The 17th-century Italian naturalised French astronomer Giovanni Domenico Cassini was born here.
Twin towns
Perinaldo is twinned with:
20 Massalia
20 Massalia is a big and fairly bright Main belt asteroid. It is also the biggest member of the Massalia family of asteroids.
Characteristics
Massalia is an S-type asteroid. It orbits at very low inclination in the intermediate main belt, and is by far the biggest asteroid in the Massalia family. The remaining family members are pieces blown off by a cratering event on Massalia
Massalia has an above-average density for S-type asteroids, similar to the density of silicate rocks. As such, it appears to be a solid un-fractured body, which is rare among asteroids of its size. Apart from the few biggest bodies over 400 km in diameter, such as 1 Ceres and 4 Vesta, most asteroids appear to have been fractured a lot.
Lightcurve analysis indicates that Massalia's pole points towards either ecliptic coordinates (β, λ) = (45°, 10°) or (β, λ) = (45°, 190°) with a 10° uncertainty. This gives an axial tilt of 45°in both cases. The shape reconstruction from lightcurves has been described as quite spherical with large planar, nonconvex parts of the surface.
Discovery
Massalia was found by A. de Gasparis on September 19, 1852, and also found independently the next night by J. Chacornac. It was Chacornac's discovery that was announced first.
Massalia is the Greek name for Marseille, where Chacornac made his discovery (de Gasparis was observing from Naples).
Intraplate earthquake
An intraplate earthquake is an earthquake that does not occur at the border of one tectonic plate, but inside the plate. Most earthquakes occur at the boundary of different plates. An example of an intraplate earthquake is the 1811-12 New Madrid Earthquake.
Central Visayas
Central Visayas, designated as Region VII, is a region of the Philippines. It is in the central part of the Visayas island group. It consists of four provinces–Bohol, Cebu, Negros Oriental, and Siquijor– and the highly urbanized cities of Cebu City, Lapu-Lapu City, and Mandaue. The region is dominated by the native speakers of Cebuano. Cebu City is its regional center.
The land area of the region is 15,875 km². As of the 2010 census, 6,800,180 people lived there. Only three of the country's 17 regions had more people.
William H. T. Bush
William Henry Trotter "Bucky" Bush, CStJ (July 14, 1938 – February 27, 2018) was an American businessman. He was the youngest son of Prescott Sheldon Bush and Dorothy Walker Bush. He was the youngest brother of former President George H. W. Bush, and the uncle of former President George W. Bush.
Central Visayas
Provinces and independent cities
The Central Visayas region is composed of 4 provinces and 3 independent cities:
William H. T. Bush
Bush was the president of and director of the St. Louis-based Boatmen's Bancshares from 1978 to 1986, Bush was active in various St. Louis civic functions: he was chairman of the Board of Trustees of Saint Louis University from 1985 to 1992, chairman of the Missouri Botanical Gardens from 1991 to 1993 and president of the Municipal Opera Association from 2005 to 2006. He was also a director of Maritz, Inc, and served on the Blue Cross Blue Shield of Missouri board of directors from 1989 to 1994.
Central Visayas
Provinces and independent cities
Although Cebu City, Mandaue, and Lapu-Lapu City are often grouped under the province of Cebu for statistical purposes by the National Statistics Office, as highly urbanized cities they are administratively independent from the province.
Climate
Surrounded by Region VIII (Eastern Visayas), Central Visayas does not get many typhoons. Region VII has a weather of cloudy skies with scattered rains. Central Visayas has 80-90% humidity. The dry season is from April-May wet during the rest of the year.
Demographics
As of the 2010 census, Central Visayas had a population of 6,800,180 people. At the 2007 census, the population was 6,398,628 with a population density of 403.1 people per square kilometer (6,129.4/mi²). The 2007 census showed an average annual population growth rate of 1.59% from 2000 to 2007, significantly less than the national average of 2.04%.
Cebuano is the dominant language of the region. In Bohol, Cebuano is referred to as Boholano. In the Camotes Islands, which is part of Cebu, Cebuano language is spoken in the towns of Tudela, Pilar and San Francisco. Except the town of Poro, in which, Porohanon is spoken (a variation or mixture of Cebuano, Hiligaynon (Ilonggo) and Masbateño language).
By air
The Mactan-Cebu International Airport, in Lapu-Lapu City, is the country's second busiest airport (after Ninoy Aquino International Airport in Metro Manila) and the only airports in the Visayas serving international flights. It is an airline hub of Cebu Pacific, Philippine Airlines, PAL Express, and Air Philippines, with flights to key cities throughout the country. It also serves international flights to other Asian destinations.
Other airports in the region are Sibulan Airport, serving Dumaguete City and Negros Oriental with flights to Manila and Cebu, and Tagbilaran Airport, serving Tagbilaran City and Bohol with flights to Manila.
Waldo R. Tobler
Waldo Rudolph Tobler (1930 – February 20, 2018) was an American geographer and cartographer. He was born in Portland, Oregon.
Tobler's idea that "Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things" is called as the "first law of geography." He has proposed a second law as well: "The phenomenon external to an area of interest affects what goes on inside".
Tobler was an active Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Santa Barbara Department of Geography until his death.
Tobler died in Santa Barbara, California on February 20, 2018 at the age of 87.
Franck Allisio
Franck Allisio (born 4 August 1980) is a French politician.
Biography
Allisio was born on 4 August 1980 in Marseille.
He joins Roger Karoutchi's firm to manage press relations. After the defeat of 2012, he joins the team of the deputy of Paris Pierre Lellouche.
National President of the "Jeunes actifs" of The Republicans, he announced on September 13, 2015 in Marseille that he would join the Front national.
He is appointed spokesperson for Marion Maréchal-Le Pen's regional campaign in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur.
In 2017, Franck Allisio obtained 19.89% of the votes in the first round of the legislative elections in the Bouches-du-Rhône's 1st constituency, in Marseille.
Osu!
Most of the levels (beatmaps) are made by the community, which are made with the level creator that is in the game.
Scott Mills
Scott Mills (born 28 March 1974) is a British radio DJ. He has his own daily show on BBC Radio 1. He is also a television presenter and an actor. He was born in Southampton.
Osu!
osu! has 4 game modes, osu!standard, osu!taiko, osu!catch and osu!mania. osu!standard is the most popular one.
Scott Mills
Scott Mills began working at 16 in a local radio in Hampshire. He joined BBC Radio 1 in 1998. In May 2004 was given a slot on weekday early-evenings to cover for Sara Cox who was about to have a baby. He now has a slot everyday in the afternoon.
Osu!
The history of osu! started all the way back in 2007 when Dean  Peppy  Herbert made Osu! as a concept originally called ouentest. He made this game in a all-nighter + some extra hours and the first version got released on July 1st, 2007 to some of Peppy's friends. pUpdater was then later introduced to update osu! to the latest version. Osu! also introduced a ranking system which depending on your accuracy and misses what rank you would get, the choices were S, A, B, C and D.
Scott Mills
Mills is openly gay.
Epiktetos
Epiktetos was an ancient Greek potter and vase painter. His name means "newly acquired". He may have been a slave, as were most potters and painters in ancient Greece. He worked mostly with cups and plates between 520 and 490 BC in the red-figure style. He signed more than half his works. He was an expert with the tondo—the circular picture at the bottom of a cup. He painted mostly everyday scenes rather than mythological ones. His end is unknown.
EarthBound
EarthBound (called Mother 2 in Japan) is a console role-playing game made by Ape, Inc. and published by Nintendo for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System game console. It is the second game in the EarthBound series, after Mother. It has a sequel called Mother 3.
Setting
There are many places in the world of EarthBound. It starts in Eagleland, EarthBound ' s version of the United States. The player can explore many other areas, including Winters, a snowy country based on the United Kingdom, Dalaam, an oriental land, and Scaraba, an Egyptian-themed land.
Two areas from the series have been used in the Super Smash Bros. series. Super Smash Bros. Melee had a level about the first area, Onett, and another level called Fourside. Onett was reused in Super Smash Bros. Brawl.
Characters
There are many characters in EarthBound, but only four main playable characters.
Besides playable characters, there are other important characters.
Storyline
EarthBound takes place in the year 199X (meaning somewhere in between 1990 and 1999). Ness is sleeping, when a large crash is heard, which wakes him up. He goes to see what it is, and arrives to see a meteor had crashed. His friend, Pokey, tells Ness to go away because he's bothering the cops, even though the cops are finding Pokey annoying. He returns home, and is awoken by a loud knocking, and Pokey comes in. He tells Ness that his brother is missing, and Ness, Pokey, and Ness' dog King go to the meteor to find Picky. After they find Picky, a being that is at first thought to be a bee flies out of the meteor, and tells them about the future, Giygas, and that legends say that three boys and a girl would save the universe. When Picky and Pokey are returned to their house, their mom is frightened by Buzz Buzz and swats him. This fatally injures him, and before he dies, he gives Ness an item called the Sound Stone, and tells him to find the eight "Your Sanctuary" spots. Ness goes to find these Your Sanctuary spots, as well as the two other boys and the one girl.
Gameplay
EarthBound is a turn-based role-playing game. When in battle, the player can do many different things, including Fight, PSI, Goods, Auto-Fight, and Run Away. Fight has a character use his or her weapon on an enemy, PSI lets the character use PSI if he or she has any to use, Goods lets the player use an item in the selected character's inventory, Auto-Fight lets the computer take control of the characters, and Run Away obviously has a chance to end the battle.
Censorship
Nintendo removed many things from the English version of EarthBound. They removed any reference to child abuse, any taking about death, any reference to religion, and the Red Cross logo. Despite people thinking the red crosses were removed because of religious references, they were actually removed because of Nintendo not wanting to deal with a law suit over it, as the Red Cross has copyright.
Cult following
EarthBound and its series has had a strong cult following in and outside of Japan. It has its own web site called Starmen.net, and has had multiple petitions, including one to release Mother 1 + 2 in English and one to release Mother 3 in English. Both of these petitions had very many signatures, but have not been successful.
Later titles
EarthBound was re-released for the Game Boy Advance along with Mother as Mother 1 + 2, only in Japan. It has been rated by the ESRB for release on the Wii's Virtual Console, but it has no release date. It was going to have a sequel on the Nintendo 64 called EarthBound 64, and it was going to be in 3D. However, after being delayed for many years, it was cancelled. Five years later, Nintendo announced that it was being re-released for the Game Boy Advance as Mother 3, and would feature the same plot and characters.
Richard M. Pollack
Richard M. Pollack (January 25, 1935 – September 18, 2018) was an American geometer. He spent most of his career at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences at New York University. He was Professor Emeritus at the university till his death. In 1986 he and Jacob E. Goodman were the founding co-editors-in-chief of the journal Discrete & Computational Geometry (Springer-Verlag). He was born in New York City.
Pollack died on September 18, 2018 in New York City at the age of 83.
Mengkofen
Mengkofen is a municipality in the district of Dingolfing-Landau in Bavaria in Germany. It is in the Aiterach River valley.
Subdivision
The municipality includes 10 former municipalities (Gemarkungen), and other villages:
Samlesbury witches
The Samlesbury witches were three women who were said to be witches, murderers and cannibals. The three women, Jane Southworth, Jennet Bierley, and Ellen Bierley, were accused of practising witchcraft by a 14-year-old girl, Grace Sowerbutts. They were tried in the village of Samlesbury in Lancashire. Their trial on 19 August 1612 was one of a series of witch trials held over two days. It is among the most famous in English history. The trials were unusual for England at that time for two reasons. First, Thomas Potts, the clerk to the court, wrote about it in his The Wonderfull Discoverie of Witches in the Countie of Lancaster. Secondly, the number of people found guilty and hanged were high: ten at Lancaster and another at York. Some of those accused were burnt alive and hung.
However, the three Samlesbury women were found not guilty of witchcraft.
The women were accused of murdering children, and of cannibalism, amongst other things. In contrast, other people tried at the same time were accused of maleficium, that is causing harm by witchcraft. This included the Pendle witches. The case against the three women collapsed "spectacularly" when the main witness, Grace Sowerbutts, was shown by the trial judge to be "the perjuring tool of a Catholic priest".
Many historians, most notably Hugh Trevor-Roper, have said that the witch trials of the 16th and 17th century were a result of the religious struggles of the period. During this time, both the Catholic and Protestant Churches wanted to stamp out what they saw as heresy. The trial of the Samlesbury witches is perhaps one clear example of that trend; it has been described as "largely a piece of anti-Catholic propaganda",. A trial would show that Lancashire, a wild and lawless area, was being cleared not only of witches but also of "popish plotters", that is, Catholics.
Background
King James I, came to the English throne in 1603. He was influenced by the strict Scottish Reformation very much. He was very interested in witchcraft. By the early 1590s, he was convinced that Scottish witches plotted against him. His 1597 book, Daemonologie, he told his followers that they must report and prosecute any supporters or practitioners of witchcraft. In 1604 a new witchcraft law was made, called "An Act against Conjuration, Witchcraft and dealing with evil and wicked spirits". Anyone who caused harm by the use of magic or the exhumation of corpses for magical purposes would be given the death penalty. James was, did not believe some of the evidence presented in witch trials, he even personally showed discrepancies in the testimonies presented against some accused witches.
The accused witches lived in Lancashire. At the end of the 16th century, the government thought this county was a wild and lawless area, "fabled for its theft, violence and sexual laxity, where the church was honoured without much understanding of its doctrines by the common people". Since the death of Queen Mary and the coming to the throne of her half-sister Elizabeth in 1558, Catholic priests had been forced to hide, but in remote areas like Lancashire they were still able to celebrate mass in secret. In early 1612, the year of the trials, each justice of the peace (JP) in Lancashire was ordered to make a list of the recusants in their area—those who refused to attend the services of the Church of England, which was a criminal offence at that time.
Southworth family
During the 16th century English Reformation, the Church of England broke away from the rule of the pope and the Catholic Church. This event split up the Southworth family of Samlesbury Hall. Sir John Southworth, head of the family until his death in 1595, was a leading recusant. He had been arrested many times for not giving up his Catholic faith. His eldest son, also called John, did join the Church of England, for which his father disinherited him. The rest of the family stayed strictly Catholic.
One of the accused witches, Jane Southworth, was the widow of the disinherited son, John. Relations father and son were not polite; John Singleton, said that the father would not even go past his son's house if he could keep clear of it, and believed that Jane would probably kill her husband. Jane Southworth (born Jane Sherburne) and John were married in about 1598, and the couple lived in Samlesbury Lower Hall. John had died only a few months before her trial for witchcraft in 1612, and she had seven children.
Investigations
Other Lancashire magistrates learned of Nowell's discovery of witchcraft in the county. On 15 April 1612 JP Robert Holden began investigations in his own area of Samlesbury. As a result, eight individuals were sent to trial, including Jane Southworth, Jennet Bierley, and Ellen Bierley. They were said to have used witchcraft on Grace Sowerbutts, Jennet's granddaughter and Ellen's niece.
Trial
The trial was held on 19 August 1612 before Sir Edward Bromley, a judge seeking promotion to a circuit nearer London. He may have wanted to impress King James, the head of the judiciary. Before the trial, Bromley ordered the release of five of the eight defendants from Samlesbury, with a warning about their future conduct. Jane Southworth, Jennet Bierley, and Ellen Bierley were said to have used "diverse devilish and wicked Arts, called Witchcrafts, Inchauntments, Charmes, and Sorceries, in and upon one Grace Sowerbutts", to which they pleaded not guilty. Fourteen-year-old Grace was the chief prosecution witness.
Grace was the first to give evidence. She said that both her grandmother and aunt, Jennet and Ellen Bierley, were able to change themselves into dogs and that they had "haunted and vexed her" for years. She also said that they had transported her to the top of a hayrick by her hair. They had also tried to make her drown herself. Grace said the women had taken her to the house of Thomas Walshman and his wife, from whom they had stolen a baby to suck its blood. Grace said the child died the next night and after its burial at Samlesbury Church, Ellen and Jennet dug up the body and took it home. The women then cooked and ate some of it and used the rest to make an ointment that let them change themselves into other shapes.
Grace also said that her grandmother and aunt, with Jane Southworth, went to sabbats held every Thursday and Sunday night at Red Bank, on the north shore of the River Ribble. At those secret meetings they met with "foure black things, going upright, and yet not like men in the face", with whom they ate, danced, and had sex.
Thomas Walshman, the father of the baby allegedly killed and eaten by the accused, was the next to give evidence. He confirmed that his child had died of unknown causes at about one-year-old. He added that Grace Sowerbutts was discovered lying as if dead in his father's barn on about 15 April, and did not recover until the following day. Two other witnesses, John Singleton and William Alker, confirmed that Sir John Southworth, Jane Southworth's father-in-law, had been reluctant to pass the house where his son lived, as he believed Jane to be an "evil woman, and a Witch".
Examinations
Thomas Potts, the clerk, wrote that after hearing the evidence many of those in court were persuaded of the accused's guilt. On being asked by the judge what answer they could make to the charges laid against them, Potts reports that they "humbly fell upon their knees with weeping tears", and "desired him [Bromley] for Gods cause to examine Grace Sowerbutts". Immediately "the countenance of this Grace Sowerbutts changed"; the witnesses "began to quarrel and accuse one another", and eventually admitted that Grace had been coached in her story by a Catholic priest they called Thompson. Bromley then committed the girl to be examined by two JPs, William Leigh and Edward Chisnal. Under questioning Grace readily admitted that her story was untrue, and said she had been told what to say by Jane Southworth's uncle, Christopher Southworth aka Thompson, a Jesuit priest who was in hiding in the Samlesbury area; Southworth was the chaplain at Samlesbury Hall, and Jane Southworth's uncle by marriage. Leigh and Chisnal questioned the three accused women in an attempt to discover why Southworth might have fabricated evidence against them, but none could offer any reason other than that each of them "goeth to the [Anglican] Church".
After the statements had been read out in court Bromley ordered the jury to find the defendants not guilty, stating that: "God hath delivered you beyond expectation, I pray God you may use this mercie and favour well; and take heed you fall not hereafter: And so the court doth order that you shall be delivered."
Potts finished his book with the words: "Thus were these poore Innocent creatures, by the great care and paines of this honourable Judge, delivered from the danger of this Conspiracie; this bloudie practise of the Priest laid open".
The Wonderfull Discoverie of Witches in the Countie of Lancaster
Almost everything that is known about the trials comes from a report of the proceedings written by Thomas Potts, the clerk to the Lancaster Assizes. Potts was told to write his account by the trial judges, and had completed the work by 16 November 1612. Bromley revised and corrected the manuscript before its publication in 1613, and said it was "truly reported" and "fit and worthy to be published". Although written as an apparently verbatim account, the book is not a report of what was actually said at the trial, but instead a reflection on what happened. Nevertheless, Potts "seems to give a generally trustworthy, although not comprehensive, account of an Assize witchcraft trial, provided that the reader is constantly aware of his use of written material instead of verbatim reports".
In his introduction to the trial, Potts writes; "Thus have we for a time left the Graund Witches of the Forest of Pendle, to the good consideration of a very sufficient jury." Bromley had by then heard the cases against the three Pendle witches who had confessed to their guilt, but he had yet to deal with the others, who maintained their innocence. He knew that the only testimony against them would come from a nine-year-old girl, and that King James had cautioned judges to examine carefully the evidence presented against accused witches, warning against credulity. In his conclusion to the account of the trial, Potts says that it was interposed in the expected sequence "by special order and commandment", presumably of the trial judges. After having convicted and sentenced to death three witches, Bromley may have been keen to avoid any suspicion of credulity by presenting his "masterful exposure" of the evidence presented by Grace Sowerbutts, before turning his attention back to the remainder of the Pendle witches.
Modern interpretation
Potts declares that "this Countie of Lancashire ... now may lawfully bee said to abound as much in Witches of divers kinds as Seminaries, Jesuites, and Papists", and describes the three accused women as having once been "obstinate Papists, and now came to Church". The judges would certainly have been keen to be regarded by King James, the head of the judiciary, as having dealt resolutely with Catholic recusants as well as with witchcraft, the "two big threats to Jacobean order in Lancashire". Samlesbury Hall, the family home of the Southworths, was suspected by the authorities of being a refuge for Catholic priests, and it was under secret government surveillance for some considerable time before the trial of 1612. It may be that JP Robert Holden was at least partially motivated in his investigations by a desire to "smoke out its Jesuit chaplain", Christopher Southworth.
Potts devotes several pages to a fairly detailed criticism of the evidence presented in Grace Sowerbutts' statement, giving an insight into the discrepancies which existed during the early 17th century between the Protestant establishment's view of witchcraft and the beliefs of the common people, who may have been influenced by the more continental views of Catholic priests such as Christopher Southworth. Unlike their European counterparts, the English Protestant elite believed that witches kept familiars, or companion animals, and so it was not considered credible that the Samlesbury witches had none. Grace's story of the sabbat, too, was unfamiliar to the English at that time, although belief in such secret gatherings of witches was widespread in Europe. Most demonologists of the period, including King James, held that only God could perform miracles, and that he had not given the power to go against the laws of nature to those in league with the Devil. Hence Potts dismisses Sowerbutts' claim that Jennet Bierley transformed herself into a black dog with the comment "I would know by what means any Priest can maintain this point of Evidence". He equally lightly dismisses Grace's account of the sabbat she claimed to have attended, where she met with "foure black things ... not like men in the face", with the comment that "The Seminarie [priest] mistakes the face for the feete: For Chattox [one of the Pendle witches] and all her fellow witches agree, the Devill is cloven-footed: but Fancie [Chattox's familiar] had a very good face, and was a proper man."
It is perhaps unlikely that the accused women would have failed to draw the examining magistrate's attention to their suspicions concerning Grace Sowerbutts' motivations when first examined, only to do so at the very end of their trial when asked by the judge if they had anything to say in their defence. The trial of the Samlesbury witches in 1612 may have been "largely a piece of anti-Catholic propaganda", or even a "show-trial", the purpose of which was to demonstrate that Lancashire was being purged not only of witches, but also of "popish plotters".