cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
John Peisley
Early life
John Peisley lived in the Abercrombie District with his well-known settler parents Thomas and Elizabeth. Their house was reputed a den of thieves. John Peisley was arrested in his teens for stealing. About 1840, the extended family of ticket of leave convicts Thomas Weavers and wife Sarah, previously Smith née Lake crossed the Blue Mountains to Bathurst and took up farming in the Mount Macquarie area where unofficial settlement started in 1821. The first land grant was to Thomas Icely for Coombing Park in 1829. Nearby land was taken up on Coombing and Fell Tree Creeks, and at Number One Swamp that developed into the village of Mount Macquarie, the latter renamed Neville in 1888. Thomas Weavers and stepson William Smith took up land together. On 12 May 1851, two horses missing from Thomas Weavers’ Mount Macquarie property were seen in the possession of seventeen-year-old John Peisley driving them and five more to the Abercrombie. He was arrested on warrant and indicted for stealing. The jury could not agree the identity of horses were sufficiently established and acquitted the accused, but he was remanded in custody, as he faced another charge of horse stealing.
Convict
Not all Australian convicts and ticket of leave holders arrived in Australia on convict transports. Bathurst-born Colonial lad John Peisley was eventually convicted of stealing cattle and sentenced to serve time on Cockatoo Island near Sydney, now called Biloela. A prisoner who served time there was labelled a Cockatoo Hand. There he met Darkie Frank Clark, who as Frank Christie, escapee from Melbourne’s Pentridge gaol in 1850 after serving five weeks of a five year sentence. In New South Wales, Clark turned to horse and cattle stealing in company with William Fogg. Convicted, he got seven years for attempting to sell stolen horses and forging horse ownership papers at Yass. Clark, having served less than six years of his sentence, was given his ticket of leave on 31 December 1859, conditional he stayed in the Carcoar District. At Carcoar, he worked for a butcher. Two months later, he absconded to new gold diggings at Kiandra and calling himself Frank Gardiner opened a butcher’s shop selling carcasses of stolen cattle. His true identity was soon realized and warrants issued. He was arrested in May 1861, but skipped bail at Lambing Flat (now Young). He teamed up with Canadian immigrant John Gilbert and reverted to full-time crime.
Bushranger
In December 1860, convict Peisley gained his Ticket of Leave at Scone, conditional upon him remaining in the Hunter River Valley. On 23 March 1861, fifty miles north-east of Bathurst, between Louisa Creek and Tambaroora, with fellow Cockatoo Hand named McKenzie, he robbed travelling bank officer Richard Cox Shaw carrying £565 in notes, also some gold and silver coins. Earlier bushrangers were mostly transported convicts; colony-born Peisley became the first true Wild Colonial Boy. The robbers split and Peisley absconded to the Abercrombie Ranges he knew well. In May, at Fish River in Fogg’s ironbark slab humpy, six miles from Bigga, Peisley and Frank Clark reunited and teamed with John Gilbert as highway robbers, ‘sticking up’ travellers in the area between Bathurst, Lambing Flat, Gundagai and Yass. On 16 July morning, Sergeant John Middleton and Trooper William Hosie stationed at Tuena, descended upon Fogg’s humpy occupied by Fogg, his wife and children, Frank Clark armed with a six-shot revolver handgun, and Jim Barney, an old man. Unknown to the troopers, Peisley and Gilbert were camped one mile away. Called to surrender, Clark shot Middleton three times, in the hand, mouth and hip, and Trooper William Hosie received a glancing ball to his forehead. Clark was also wounded. They wrestled before Clark gave up and was manacled. Barney took off to warn Peisley and Gilbert. Middleton left for Bigga to get help and reinforcements. Circumstances of Hosie leaving for Bigga were disputed. Fogg claimed Hosie accepted fifty sovereigns to release Clark and to say he escaped. Hosie averred at Fogg’s trial for obstructing police, while he and Fogg escorted the prisoner along the road to Bigga, Clark escaped when bushrangers Peisley and another (Gilbert) waylaid them. Trooper Hosie reached Bigga alone mid-afternoon. Weak and delirious from loss of blood, Sergeant Middleton arrived at nightfall. Both would later recover. Reports of Crime issued July and August 1861 declared £120 rewards, £20 for Clark’s apprehension, and £50 for Peisley’s, and further sum of £50 by Government for such information as shall lead to the conviction of those concerned in the outrage of attacking and wounding the Patrol with Firearms in the Bathurst District. The report disclosed:
"On the 16th July, Sergeant Middleton and Trooper Hosie, of the Western Patrol, were attacked and severely wounded at the Fish River, by Francis Clarke, alias Jones, alias Christie, a Ticket of Leave holder, illegally at large from his district; a native of Goulbourn, New South Wales, 31 years ... wounded in the affray on left temple by a pistol-ball or whip. He was captured and afterwards released by two armed men: John Peisley, a Ticket of Leave holder, illegally at large from his district; a native of Bathurst, New South Wales, about 26, 5 feet 8 ½  inches high, ruddy complexion, flaxen hair, bluish-grey eyes, long featured, pock-marked nose, several scars, arms and legs hairy, left eye spasmodic winking action… The other man is about 26 years"
The report also included weapons carried and comprehensive physical descriptions, normal clothing and by Clark (Gardiner) and Gilbert (not named). Displeased with ill-fame attributed him, Peisley wrote the editor of the Bathurst Free Press and Mining Journal by letter dated “Fish River, 4th September, 1861.”  It stated, in part:
"You will no doubt be surprised to receive a note from the (now by all account) noted Piesley; but, Sir, through your valuable paper I must make it known that, if it be my lot to be taken, whether dead or alive, I will never be tried for the rescue of Gardiner, in the light in which it is presented; nor did I ever fire at Trooper Hosie. … I must be the Invisible Prince to commit one-tenth of what is laid to my charge. I trust I may never have to allude to this again.  I love my native hills, I love freedom and detest cruelty to man or beast.  Trusting you will publish this, my bold letter no doubt, but you can be assured it comes from the real John Piesley, and not any of his many representatives.  I am, Mr. Editor, your much harassed writer, JOHN PIESLEY"
In the next months Clark, then more often called Gardiner, Peisley and Gilbert bushranged and retreated to the Weddin Mountains near Forbes and Cowra. Peisley separated from the gang and single-handed held up the Lambing Flat coach after it left Cowra. He then returned to Abercrombie District.
Murder
On 27 December 1861, Peisley went to Tom McGuinness’s inn at Bigga and left the next day with fellow drinker James Wilson, stocked with wine and brandy. They rode to a nearby farm owned by William and Stephen Benyon and continued drinking and arguing with the two brothers. He accused, 17 years earlier, when he was a kid, William had swapped a horse with him, which was no good. A fight erupted and Wilson took Peisley’s revolvers, which William’s wife Martha hid in the garden. At her husband’s insistence, she returned the revolvers. Peisley pursued Stephen Benyon to the barn followed by William Benyon. Both brothers were shot by Peisley; Stephen in the arm and William in the throat; witnessed by Martha Benyon, Wilson, farmhand George Harmer, servant girl Mary Samson and Thomas Weavers. Doctor Henry Kowland attended William Benyon the following day, and found a bullet had passed through his windpipe and lodged in the spine, paralyzing him from the neck down. He could not remove the bullet and considered the case hopeless from the start. He attended him again on 31 December, three days before he died.
Capture and demise
A warrant issued for Peisley’s arrest for the murder of Benyon and reward for information as would lead to his apprehension and conviction. An announcement in the Government Gazette of January 1862, after the murder of Benyon, based on Report of Crime dated 29 July 1861, described Peisley:
"About 28 years of age, about 5 ft 10 in. high, stout, well made, fresh complexion, very small light whiskers, quite bald on top of head and forehead, several recent marks on face, and a mark from a blow of a spade on top of head; puffed and dissipated-looking from hard drinking, invariable wears fashionable Napoleon boots, dark cloth breeches, dark vest buttoned up the front, large albert gold guard, cabbage-tree hat and duck coat. Sometimes wears a dark wig and always carries a brace of revolvers."
Chevrolet Cobalt
The Chevrolet Cobalt was a compact car sold by the General Motors division Chevrolet from 2005 to 2010. It replaced the Cavalier and the Geo Prizm (although the Pontiac Vibe serves as the Prizm's replacement, many auto sites list the Cobalt as a secondary successor). From 2005 to 2009, it was sold under the Pontiac marque under various names including the Pursuit, Pursuit G4 and the G5. The Cobalt was available as a sedan and coupé, while the G5 was strictly a coupé in America and offered as a sedan model in Canada. It was replaced by the Chevrolet Cruze (a rebadged Daewoo Lacetti Premiere). The Pontiac G5 was replaced by the Buick Verano. As of 2014, GM was recalling this car because of problems with the ignitions that can shut off the engine without warning and cause disabled air bags and cause serious injury or death. Chevrolet Cobalt was considered an improvement over its predecessor the Cavalier because it earned a "Good" crash test rating from the IIHS, but without optional side airbags it earned a "Poor" in side impact tests. However, with the optional side airbags it earned an "Acceptable".
Yarra Valley
The Yarra Valley is an area in Victoria, Australia that is near the north-east of Melbourne. The start of the Yarra River is in it. Some towns in the Yarra Valley are Healesville, Yarra Glen, Warburton and Coldstream. It is known for having many wineries. Many tourists from Melbourne go there because it is close to the city.
Bob Andy
Keith Anderson CD (28 October 1944 – 27 March 2020), better known by the stage name Bob Andy, was a Jamaican reggae singer-songwriter and actor. He was widely known as one of reggae's most known songwriters. He was born in Kingston, Jamaica. His best known works was with The Paragons and Bob and Marcia (alongside Marcia Griffiths). Andy also starred in The Mighty Quinn.
Andy died in Kingston on 27 March 2020 at the age of 75.
Sound
Sound is caused by sound waves. It can be heard when it goes through a medium to the ear. All sounds are made by vibrations of molecules. For example, when a person hits a drum or a cymbal the object vibrates. These vibrations make air molecules move. Sound waves move away from where they came from. When the vibrating air molecules reach our ears, the eardrum vibrates, too. The bones of the ear vibrate in way the object that started the sound wave vibrated.
There are three different mediums. They are solids, liquids and gas. Sound travels the fastest through solids because the particles in a solid are closer together than they are in gas and liquid.
These vibrations let you hear different things. Even music is vibrations. Irregular vibrations are noise. People can make very complex sounds. We use them for speech.
Sound waves are longitudinal waves with two parts: compression and rarefaction. Compression is the part of the sound waves where the molecules of air are pushed (compressed) together. Rarefaction is the part of the waves where the molecules are far away from each other. Sound waves are a sequence of compression and rarefaction.
Vacuum
Since sound is a vibration of a medium, it cannot go through a vacuum. A vacuum is a place where there is no medium, for example in outer space. The word comes from the Latin adjective vacuus for "vacant" or "void".
Speed of sound
Sound waves can travel through solids, liquids, and gases. The thicker the medium, the faster it goes, but they cannot travel through a vacuum (a place with nothing in it). This is why astronauts cannot talk to each other in space: they need a radio to hear each other. Sound can travel through water faster than through air; and even faster in solids like stone, iron, and steel. At room temperature and normal atmospheric pressure, sound travels at 344 m/s (1134 ft/s), 761 miles per hour). Because the temperature and pressure change with altitude in the atmosphere, speed will vary as well.
Pitch and Intensity
Pitch is the highness or lowness of sound. Pitch is how humans hear different frequencies. Frequency is determined by the number of vibrations per second. The highest key on a piano, for instance, vibrates 4,000 times per second. It has a frequency of 4000 hertz (Hz), or 4 kilohertz (kHz). Lower keys have lower frequencies. A note an octave higher than another note has twice the frequency of that note.
The intensity of a sound is how much sound energy goes through a square meter in one second. Sound waves with higher amplitude (bigger vibration) have higher intensity. The intensity of a sound is higher closer to the sound source. Farther away, it's less intense. The inverse-square law shows how sound intensity becomes smaller, farther from the source. "Inverse square" says that when distance gets multiplied by a number, sound intensity gets divided by that number squared (the number times itself). Thus, twice the distance means a quarter the intensity.
Sound intensities can be very different. They can range from 0.000000000001, which are barely heard, to 1 W/m2 (painfully loud). The decibel scale makes sound intensity numbers easier to work with. A 0.000000000001 W/m2 intensity is 0 dB (decibels). It is an exponential scale, so when the decibel number increases by 10, the intensity is ten times as much. So, a 1 W/m2 intensity is 120 dB.
Loudness is how people sense the intensity of sound. Loudness depends on sound intensity, sound frequency, and the person's hearing.
Heard and not seen
Audible sound has frequencies between 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Human beings can hear audible sound. Sound waves with frequency above 20 kHz are called ultrasound waves. Sound waves with frequency below 20 Hz are called infrasound waves. Human beings cannot hear ultrasound waves and infrasound waves, but some animals, like bats and dolphins, use them. Older people have an even smaller hearing range. People are best at hearing sounds between 1000 Hz and 6000 Hz.
References
Halpern, Alvin, Erich Erlbach (1998). Beginning Physics II: Waves, Electromagnetism, Optics, and Modern Physics, pg. 50-56
Ghazni
Ghazni (Persian/Pashto: غزنی - Ġaznī; historically known as غزنین / Ġaznīn and غزنه / Ġazna) is a city in central-east Afghanistan. It is the capital of Ghazni Province.
Just like other cities of Afghanistan, Ghazni is very old and has seen many military invasions.
Education
The city has a number of public schools.
Resources
Ghazni City is located in an area of extreme drought. In 2007, one of the gates on a fifty-year-old dam on the Jikhai River broke. This worried the people of Ghazni city about the water supply. The dam serves as a good source of irrigation water to Ghazni City and the surrounding agricultural areas. Nearby rivers have a history of flooding and causing severe damage and death, though efforts have begun to fix this.
M (1931 movie)
M (M – Eine Stadt sucht einen Mörder— M – A City Searches for a Murderer) is a 1931 German drama-thriller movie. It was directed by Fritz Lang, and it starred Peter Lorre. The film was written by Lang and his wife Thea von Harbou. It was the director's first sound film.
The film focuses on the actions of a serial killer of children and the manhunt for him. The police and the criminal underworld do the manhunt. Now considered a classic, the film was deemed by Lang to be his magnum opus.
Release
M was shown in Berlin on 11 May 1931 at the UFA-Palast am Zoo in a version that was 117 minutes long.
Irish Civil War
The conflict was between two opposing groups of Irish republicans over the Anglo-Irish Treaty. The forces of the "Provisional Government" (which became the Free State in December 1922) supported the Treaty. The Republican opposition saw it as a betrayal of the Irish Republic (which had been proclaimed during the Easter Rising). Many of those who fought in the conflict had been members of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) during the War of Independence.
Upper Denton
Upper Denton is a village and civil parish in City of Carlisle, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 92 people living in Upper Denton. It has a church.
Irish Civil War
The Civil War was won by the Free State forces. They had many weapons provided by the British Government. The conflict may have claimed more lives than the War of Independence that went before it. It left Irish society divided and bitter for generations. About 927 people died during the civil war.
M (1931 movie)
Release
The film later was released in the U.S. in April 1933 by Foremco Pictures.
Barry Corbin
Leonard Barrie Corbin, known as Barry Corbin (born October 16, 1940), is an American actor. He is known for his roles in Northern Exposure, Lonesome Dove, WarGames, One Tree Hill, and in Anger Management.
Corbin was born in Lamesa, Texas.
Kanjuruhan Stadium disaster
The Kanjuruhan Stadium disaster happened during a football match at Kanjuruhan Stadium in Malang, East Java, Indonesia, on 1 October 2022. Supporters of Arema F.C. invaded the football field. The police tried to stop the riot. They used tear gas. Many people got crushed and suffocated in the stampede when trying to escape.
Chemazé
Chemazé is a commune of 1019 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Kanjuruhan Stadium disaster
Response
Because of the disaster, Liga 1, Liga 2 and Liga 3 matches were temporarily stopped.
The National Commission on Human Rights of Indonesia plans to investigate the use of tear gas in the incident.
Flogging Molly
Flogging Molly is an Irish–American Celtic punk band. It is led by Irish vocalist Dave King. They are signed to their own record label, Borstal Beat Records.
Acinetobacter baumannii
Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is a pathogenic bacterial species that causes disease in humans. It is commonly found in soil and water. A. baumannii is the most important member of the Acinetobacter genus associated with infections gained in hospitals. A.Baumannii is resistant to a specific class of antibiotic called carbapenems. Carbapenems-resistant Acinetobacter infection is common in hospitals and is very dangerous. In 2017, it resulted in an estimated 8,500 infections in hospital patients and 700 deaths in the United States. The World Health Organisation (WHO) released a list of top bacteria pathogens of concern, called ESKAPE pathogens, due to their high levels of antibiotic resistance. A. baumannii was named as one of the most dangerous ESKAPE pathogens. In order to treat A. baumannii effectively, it is important to understand how it acts as pathogen and its mechanism of antibiotic resistance.
Biology
A. baumannii are short and rod-shaped. They average between 1.0-1.5 micrometers in length. They do not all look the same and can vary in size and shape. Acinetobacter do not have a flagella, a tail-like structure used by many bacteria to move around. They are immobile but sometimes twitch and swarm to move around.
Habitat
The first Acinetobacter was found in the soil by M.W. Beijerink in 1911. Since then, it has also been found in water, animals and humans. A. baumannii are often found in hospitals and make up almost 15% of infections that are transmitted in hospitals. A. baumannii target moist environments. The respiratory tract, blood, open wounds, skin and eyes are all possible sites of infection.
Cathelijn Peeters
Cathelijn Peeters (born 6 November 1996) is a Dutch athlete, specialized in the 400 metres and 400 metres hurdles. She became three times national champion.
Acinetobacter baumannii
Hospital infections
A. baumannii can cause many different diseases with different symptoms. Types of infection include: pneumonia, bloodstream infections, meningitis, skin and bone infections and urinary tract infections. The most common infections are pneumonia and bloodstream infections. Factors that increase the risk of infection include a weak immune system, long hospital stays, hospital ventilators, and having an open wound.
Cathelijn Peeters
After winning bronze at the 2019 Dutch Athletics Championships she became national champion at the 2020 Dutch Athletics Championships, 2021 Dutch Athletics Championships and 2022 Dutch Athletics Championships. Her niece Silke Peeters is also a hurdler, who won the bronze medal in 2020 and the silver medal in 2021 behind Cathelijn Peeters.
Acinetobacter baumannii
Hospital infections
It can be difficult to tell the difference between symptoms of A. baumannii infection and symptoms of other hospital infections. Symptoms include fever, rash, confusion, urinating pain, nausea, muscle and chest pains, breathing difficulties, and coughing.
Cathelijn Peeters
In 2022, Peeters improved in the 400 metres. As a result she was selected to compete at the 2022 World Athletics Championships in the 4 × 400 metres relay event. During the heats Peeters dropped the baton and so they were disqualified.
Acinetobacter baumannii
Treatment
Carbapenems are a type of antibiotics that have been used to treat Acinetobacter baumannii infections. These antibiotics are effective in treating infection. However, A. baumannii can develop tolerance to this antibiotic. This tolerance makes it harder to treat infections. Carbapenems-resistant A. baumannii can spread their tolerance to other types of bacteria. This is dangerous in healthcare settings because if many bacteria are tolerant to carbapenems, the antibiotic cannot be used to treat infections anymore. A. baumannii can be tolerant to multiple antibiotics making infections difficult to treat.
Polymyxins are another antibiotic used to treat A. baumannii infection. These are effective against infection but polymyxins can be toxic to the kidneys.
Combination therapies can also be used to treat A. baumannii which is tolerant to many different types of antibiotics. This means treating the infection with a combination of different drugs at the same time. Different combinations are still being tested against A. baumannii infections.
Prevention of infection
Preventing and controlling outbreaks of A. baumannii is very important. Preventing infections will reduce the number of infections in hospitals and help stop the spread of antibiotic resistance.
A. baumannii can be controlled with strict infection control measures such as educating hospital staff about the dangers of spreading hospital infections, proper hand washing, cleaning of hospitals and actively test surfaces for the presence of A. baumannii . These measures have been shown to reduce the spread of A. baumannii and reduce tolerance to antibiotics. However, all measures must be followed strictly to control infection.
Venevisión
Venevisión, is one of Venezuela's largest television networks. It is also a Venezuelan cable and broadcast television network. Venevisión is owned and operated by Gustavo Cisneros. In the United States, many of Venevisión's programs can be seen on Univision.
Alfredo Sirkis
Alfredo Hélio Syrkis (8 December 1950 – 10 July 2020) was a Brazilian writer, environmentalist and politician. He was born in Rio de Janeiro. He ran for president under the Green Party ballot in the 1998 general election. Sirkis was a member of the Chamber of Deputies between 2011 and 2014.
Norfolk, New York
Norfolk is a town in St. Lawrence County in the U.S. state of New York. The population was 4,668 at the 2010 census.
Alfredo Sirkis
Sirkis was killed in a car crash on 10 July 2020 in Rio de Janeiro, aged 69.
Montesquieu
Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu (18 January 1689 – 10 February 1755), was commonly known as Montesquieu. He was a French political thinker who lived during the Age Of Enlightenment. He is famous for his theory of the separation of powers in government. Many constitutions all over the world use it. He helped make the terms "feudalism" and "Byzantine Empire" popular.
Political views
Before Montesquieu, the standard feudal system was called "the three estates":
Montesquieu's radical work divided French people into three classes, or groups: three classes (or trias politica, a term he coined):
These should be balanced, so that no one power would be able to overcome the other two, either singly or in combination. This was a radical idea because it eliminated the three estates structure. Montesquieu's ideas are important because they ended the feudalistic structure. They also helped inspire the constitution of many countries, including the United States.
Some of Montesquieu's ideas are still controversial. He believed that women could be leaders in government. But he thought women could not lead a family. He supported a hereditary aristocracy and primogeniture. Hereditary means that the title passes from the parents to the children.
Montesquieu describes an unusual idea in his essays The Spirit of the Laws and Persian Letters. This idea is the climate theory. It says that climate, the weather of a place, influences the nature of man and his society. Montesquieu thought that some climates were better than others. He believed the mild climate of France is the best. He believed people from hot countries are "too hot-tempered". People in cold, northern countries are "icy" or "stiff." The climate in middle Europe therefore breeds the best people. (This view is possibly influenced by similar statements in Germania by Tacitus, one of Montesquieu's favourite authors.)
Dean Henderson
Dean Bradley Henderson (born 12 March 1997) is an English professional footballer. He plays as a goalkeeper for Manchester United and the England national team.
Montesquieu
Political views
Montesquieu's philosophy that "government should be set up so that no man need be afraid of another" prompted the creators of the Constitution to divide the U.S. government into three separate branches.
Westlinton
Westlinton is a village and civil parish in City of Carlisle, Cumbria, England. In 2001, there were 359 people living in Westlinton.
Greatest Hits (Selena album)
Greatest Hits is a compilation album by American singer Selena. The songs used in the album were all in English. The only two other English songs Selena recorded that did not made it on the album were "Give Me One More Chance" and "Call Me". Both of those songs were on Selena y Los Dinos (1984). The album peaked at number 108 on the Billboard 200 chart in 2003. A special edition of the album was released. It had a DVD of all of Selena's music videos.
Mirna Doris
Mirna Doris (28 September 1940 – 27 March 2020) was an Italian Canzone Napoletana singer. She was mainly successful in the second half of the 1960s. Doris was born in Naples. Between 1963 and 1970 Doris entered the main competition at the Festival di Napoli, winning the competition in 1968 and in 1969 with the songs "Core spezzato" and "Preghiera a 'na mamma".
The Whispers
The Whispers are a Los Angeles-based rhythm and blues band. They have had several hit records since the 1960s. The Whispers were inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 2003. They were winners of the Rhythm and Blues Foundation's Pioneer Award in 2008. By popular vote, they were inducted into the SoulMusic Hall of Fame in December 2012. They were later inducted into the Official R&B Music Hall of Fame in 2014.
The Whispers formed in 1964 in the Watts, California, a neighborhood of Los Angeles.
They had many R&B and United States Billboard Hot 100 hit songs in the 1970s and 1980s. The songs included "Rock Steady", "And the Beat Goes On" and several other songs.
Aristocracy
Aristocracy is a kind of government that puts power in the hands of a small, privileged ruling class. In Ancient Greek, the word aristocracy means the rule of the best, but it has come to be linked with rule by Nobility. A member of the aristocracy is an aristocrat.
There are different kinds of aristocracy with different ways the government is set up. In history, most aristocracies are hereditary. Members of the ruling group have passed on power to their eldest surviving Child. In most cases, this was their son. Daughters were often excluded from this. Aristocracy can be combined with other kinds of government. There were small groups of people that run a country. The people were called aristocrats and often had titles such as duke, duchess, baron and baroness.
Some good examples of this are the Spartiates in Sparta, the eupatridae in Athens, the patricians or Optimates in Rome to name a few
Chémeré-le-Roi
Chémeré-le-Roi is a commune of 383 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Band of the Hand
Band of the Hand is a 1986 American action crime thriller movie directed by Paul Michael Glaser and starring Stephen Lang, Michael Carmine, Lauren Holly, Danny Quinn, Laurence Fishburne, Leon Robinson. It was distributed by TriStar Pictures.
Salaam TV (Philippine TV channel)
Salaam TV is a Philippine government-owned Islamic channel owned by the Presidential Communications Operations Office through the People's Television Network (PTV).
The Moody Blues
The Moody Blues are an English rock band. They were created in Birmingham in 1964. At first, the band had keyboardist Mike Pinder, multi-instrumentalist Ray Thomas, guitarist Denny Laine, drummer Graeme Edge, and bassist Clint Warwick. The group came became famous for their rhythm and blues music. They made some changes in musicians but settled on a line-up of Pinder, Thomas, Edge, guitarist Justin Hayward, and bassist John Lodge, who stayed together for most of the band's "classic era" into the early 1970s.
Ernesto Laclau
Ernesto Laclau (6 October 1935 – 13 April 2014) was an Argentine political theorist. He was a post-Marxist. His career began in 1986 as a professor at the University of Essex. He was born in Buenos Aires.
Laclau died of a heart attack in Seville, Spain, aged 78.
The Equalizer (movie)
The Equalizer is a 2014 American action crime thriller movie. It is set in Boston, Massachusetts. It stars Denzel Washington and Melissa Leo. It is based on the TV series of the same name. This movie is about retired intelligence officer Robert McCall (Washington). He becomes a vigilante on behalf of helpless people, though he gets heat from the Russian Mafia. The movie was released worldwide on September 26, 2014. It was followed up
1994 South African general election
The South African general election of 1994 was an election held in South Africa. The election was free and equal and conducted under the direction of the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC). At the end of the general election, President Nelson Mandela became the first President of South Africa.
Millions of people were in lines over a three-day voting period. The total of people who's votes were counted were 19,726,579 and 193,081 were rejected as invalid. As required by the Interim Constitution, the ANC formed a Government of National Unity with the National Party and the Inkatha Freedom Party, the two other parties that won more than twenty seats in the National Assembly.
The date 27 April is now a public holidays in South Africa. It is known as Freedom Day.
The Moody Blues
Their second album, Days of Future Passed, which was released in 1967, was a combination of rock with classical music. This made the band early creators in the development of art rock and progressive rock. It has been described as a "landmark" and "one of the first successful concept albums". The group toured a lot in the early 1970s. Then, they took a long break from 1974 until 1977. Founder Mike Pinder left the group a year after they re-formed. He was replaced by Swiss keyboardist Patrick Moraz in 1978. In the following decade they took on a more synth-pop sound. They created The Other Side of Life in 1986. This made them the first band to earn each of its first three top 10 singles in the United States in a different decade. Health problems led to a smaller role for founder Ray Thomas throughout the 1980s. However, he made more music after Moraz left in 1991. Thomas left the band in 2002. The band's most recent album was December (2003), a collection of Christmas music. They continued to tour throughout the first decade of the 2000s. They still regroup for some events, one-off concerts, short tours, and cruises.
Montjovet
Montjovet is a comune in the Aosta Valley region in Italy.
John Spellman
John Dennis Spellman (December 29, 1926 – January 16, 2018) was an American politician. Spellman was born in Seattle, Washington. He was the 18th Governor of Washington between 1981 and 1985 and the first King County Executive from 1969 to 1981. As of 2015, he was the last Republican to serve as Governor of Washington.
Chérancé, Mayenne
Chérancé is a commune of 166 people (1999). It is in Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in northwest France.
John Spellman
Spellman died on January 16, 2018 at a hospital in Seattle of pneumonia caused from a fall at the age of 91.
Charlie and Lola (TV series)
Charlie and Lola is a British animated children's television series based on the popular children's picture book series of the same name by Lauren Child. The show started on 21 March 2005. The series was produced by Tiger Aspect Productions, and has won multiple BAFTA awards. The animation uses a collage style that emulates the style of the original books. Charlie and Lola is also available on BBC iPlayer for over a year.
You're in a Bad Way
"You're in a Bad Way" is a 1993 song by British pop band Saint Etienne and is the second single from their second studio album So Tough. It went to number 12 in the United Kingdom and number 26 in Iceland.
Track listing
All tracks written and composed by Stanley and Wiggs; except where indicated
Corra Dirksen
Cornelius Wilhelmus "Corra" Dirksen (22 January 1938 – 10 July 2020) was a South African rugby player. He won 10 caps and scored three tries. He was born in Vereeniging, Union of South Africa. Dirksen made his international debut against Australia in 1963.
He died from COVID-19 on 10 July 2020 in Krugersdorp, South Africa at the age of 82.
The Zoo (song)
"The Zoo" is a 1980 hard rock song by the Scorpions and under-performed the music charts peaking at number 75 in the United Kingdom.
Hörbranz
Hörbranz is a municipality in the district Bregenz in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg. As of 2019, 6,395 people lived there.
Le Père Fouettard
Le Père Fouettard (French for The whipping Father ) was a character who went with Saint Nicholas in his rounds at Christmas giving the naughty children the whip while St. Nick gives gifts to the well behaved. He wore a long, dirty, dark colored robe and had a beard that was poorly groomed.
He is known mainly in the Eastern regions of France. In Alsace, Le Père Fouettard is synonymous with the bogeyman.
Richard Bryan
Richard Hudson Bryan (born July 16, 1937) is an American attorney and politician. He served as the 25th Governor of the U.S. state of Nevada from 1983-89, and as a United States Senator from Nevada from 1989 to 2001. He is a member of the Democratic Party.
Bryan was born in Washington, D.C. and graduated from the University of Nevada at Reno in 1959 where he was a member of Alpha Tau Omega. He earned his law degree from the University of California, Hastings College of Law. In 1963 he was admitted to the Nevada Bar.
Unit of time
A unit of time or midst unit is any particular time interval, used as a standard way of measuring or expressing duration. The base unit of time in the International System of Units (SI) and by extension most of the Western world, is the second, defined as about 9 billion oscillations of the caesium atom.
Note: The light-year is not a unit of time, but a unit of length of about 9.5 petametres (9 454 254 955 488 kilometers).
New Year's Evil
New Year's Evil is a 1980 American horror thriller movie directed by Emmett Alston and starring Roz Kelly, Kip Niven, Grant Cramer, Louisa Moritz, Taaffe O'Connell, Teri Copley. It was distributed by Cannon Group.
Colon (punctuation)
The colon (":") is a punctuation mark, simply consisting of two equally sized and vertically aligned dots.
Use in prose
A colon is a more significant pause than a semicolon. It is usually used to contrast two parts of a sentence:
History
The colon's first appearance in English text is marked by the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary as 1589.
Mathematics
The colon is also used in mathematics, cartography, model building and other fields to denote a ratio or a scale, as in 3:1 (pronounced "three to one"). A betting odd of the form r : s corresponds to the probability. Unicode provides a distinct ratio character, Unicode U+2236 for mathematical usage.
In many non-English-speaking countries, the colon is used as a division sign: "a divided by b" is written as a : b.
The combination with an equal sign, :=\,, is used for definitions.
Computing
In computing, the colon character is represented by ASCII code 58, and is located at Unicode code-point U+003A. The full-width (double-byte) equivalent, ：, is located at Unicode code point U+FF1A.
The colon is quite often used as a special control character in many operating systems commands, URLs, computer programming languages, and in the path representation of several file systems. It is often used as a single post-fix delimiter, signifying the immediate precedence of a token keyword or the transition from one mode of character string interpretation to another related mode. Some applications, such as the widely used MediaWiki, use the colon as both a pre-fix and post-fix delimiter.
For a double-colon, "::" the meaning has included the use of ellipsis, as spanning over omitted text; however, there have been other meanings as well.
Internet usage
On the Internet (online chats, email, message boards, etc.), a colon or multiple colons is sometimes used to denote an action or emote. In this use, it has the inverse function of quotation marks—denoting actions where unmarked text is assumed to be dialog. For example:
Colons may also be used for sounds (as with ":Click:"). One can contrast this use with the use of outer asterisks (for example, *cough* would denote that the speaker is coughing, as opposed to saying the word 'cough').
It also has the widespread usage of representing two vertically aligned eyes in a emoticon, such as :-), :( :P, :D, :3, etc
Les Hunter (basketball)
Leslie "Big Game" Hunter (August 16, 1942 – March 27, 2020) was an American professional basketball player. He was born in Nashville, Tennessee.
Hunter died on March 27, 2020 of cancer at the age of 77.
Rogers Commission Report
The Rogers Commission Report was created by a Presidential Commission charged with investigating the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster during its 10th mission, STS-51-L.
Outcome
The report, released and submitted to President Ronald Reagan on 9 June 1986, both determined the cause of the disaster that took place 73 seconds after liftoff, and urged NASA to improve and install new safety features on the shuttles and in its organizational handling of future missions.
Ben Jonson
Ben Jonson (11 June 1572 – 6 August 1637) was a major poet and playwright in English Renaissance drama. Many critics consider Jonson to be among the best playwrights of his time, a time when William Shakespeare also lived.
Clock Tower 3
Clock Tower 3 is a survival horor video gameco-produced by Capcom and Sunsoft for the PlayStation 2. It was released in 2002 in Japan, 2003 in North America and Europe, and 2004 in Australia. It is the fourth installment of Clock Tower series.
Chevaigné-du-Maine
Chevaigné-du-Maine is a commune of 206 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Ben Jonson
Jonson was classically educated. He was a well-read and cultured man of the English Renaissance with an appetite for controversy of all kinds.
He is best known for satirical plays Every Man in His Humour (1598), Volpone, or The Fox (c. 1606), The Alchemist (1610) and Bartholomew Fair (1614); also his lyric and epigrammatic poetry'
John O'Leary (golfer)
John Eudes O'Leary (18 August 1949 – 26 March 2020) was an Irish professional golfer. He played on the European Tour through the 1970s and 1980s. He was born in Dublin.
In 1976 he won his first European Tour event, the Greater Manchester Open, and in 1982 he became only the third Irishman to win the Irish Open. He played in a number of team competitions, representing Great Britain and Ireland in the 1975 Ryder Cup. He played for Ireland three times in the World Cup.
After retiring as a tournament golfer he was an active administrator, being a director of the European Tour from 1985 to 2019 and being on the Ryder Cup committee.
O'Leary died on 26 March 2020 in Esher, Surrey, England at the age of 70.
Here Without You
"Here Without You" is the third single off American rock band 3 Doors Down's second studio album Away from the Sun. The song was released on August 11, 2003.
On the Billboard charts, Here Without You was able to peak at #5 on the Hot 100 chart.
Lead singer Brad Arnold said that his inspiration for this song was his now ex-wife. Arnold said "The song's about being away from someone, or missing them. And it really doesn't matter if you're here without them for all day or all month. It's about the loneliness and missing of somebody". The song was used by the WWE in a tribute video to professional wrestler Eddie Guerrero after he died from a heart attack in November 2005.
Bone Wars
There was a heated rivalry between Edward Drinker Cope (of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia) and Othniel Charles Marsh (of the Peabody Museum of Natural History at Yale). They used bribery, theft, and destruction of bones. Each scientist attacked the other in scientific publications, seeking to ruin his credibility and have his funding cut off.
Their search for fossils led them west to rich "bone beds" in the western United States. From 1877 to 1892, both paleontologists used their wealth and influence. They paid for their own expeditions, and the services and dinosaur bones from fossil hunters. By the end of the Bone Wars, both men had exhausted their funds in this way.
The products of the Bone Wars increased our knowledge of prehistoric life, and sparked the public's interest in dinosaurs. This led to more fossil excavation in North America in the decades that followed. Several historical books and fictional adaptations have been published about this period of intense fossil-hunting activity.
Between them, they discovered some of the most famous fossil sites in North America, such as the Morrison Formation at Como Bluff, Wyoming. The Morrison Formation extends into 13 states, and is still being searched wherever it outcrops onto the surface.
Bus-lès-Artois
Bus-lès-Artois is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.
Oklahoma Historical Society
The Oklahoma Historical Society (OHS) is an agency run by the government of Oklahoma. It was created to promote and preserve the History of Oklahoma and its people. The agency collects, and interprets knowledge and artifacts of Oklahoma. Its mission is to collect, preserve, and share the history and culture of the state of Oklahoma and its people.
History
The OHS was formed by the Oklahoma Territorial Press Association in May 1893 which is 14 years before Oklahoma became a state. During this time, its initial function was to collect and distribute newspapers published in Oklahoma Territory. The society was declared an agency of the Oklahoma government in 1895. This is how it became an official state government agency when Oklahoma formed as a state in 1907.
Saint Lawrence River
The Saint Lawrence River (fleuve Saint-Laurent; Tuscarora: Kahnawáʼkye; Mohawk: Kaniatarowanenneh, meaning "big waterway") is a big river in eastern North America. It flows between the Canadian province of Quebec & Ontario and the American state of New York, and through the major Canadian city of Montreal. It is the third largest river in Canada.
The river drains water from the Great Lakes into the Atlantic Ocean. It is more than three thousand kilometres long. The river meets the Atlantic Ocean in a big "estuary" or bay, the biggest in the world; this is called the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.
The Canadian cities of Kingston, Montreal, Trois-Rivières and Quebec City are on this river. The Saint Lawrence Seaway allows ships to go up the river and through the Great Lakes right into the middle of North America.
Variety (botany)
In botany, variety is a rank (like species or subspecies) or a taxon in that rank. Like a subspecies, a variety gets a three-part name (a trinomial); such a variety name will include the name of the species and the variety epithet. The term "variety" is often shortened to "var." Some examples of this use are:
A variety is a plant that is different in some way, and continues to be different, from the rest of the species but is not different enough for it to be classified as a new species or as a sub-species. This difference will usually be bigger than those of a form; a form will have one or more small differences, for example, different coloured flowers, lack of thorns, variegation or different coloured leaves. These variations come about by natural evolutionary process to which most plants are subject. However, a taxonomist can use their own judgement as to at what rank they want to recognize a different plant. What one taxonomist will call a variety, another will call just a form, or will decide not to recognize as being distinct.
Different varieties of a species will be able to breed together if given the opportunity (just like subspecies, and forms, or for that matter many species).
Not to be confused
A variety is not to be confused with a cultivar, which is something else entirely. The name of a cultivar can be recognized because it includes an epithet that is written with initial capital letters, in a different font and is set in single quote marks as shown in these examples:
Message passing
In computer science, a message is a bit of data, which is sent by a sender, to a recipient. This is usually done by copying the data around. In an event-driven model, the recipient will then act in a certain way to the message.
Vikas Dubey
Vikas Dubey (196410 July 2020) was an Indian history-sheeter, gangster-turned-politician. He was born in Uttar Pradesh.