cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Unification Church
Controversies
Some doubt the organization's religious origins. Frederick Sontag, a professor of philosophy whose view of the church is no longer favorable studied the Unification Church for 11 months. He concluded that "one thing is sure: the church has a genuine spiritual basis." A German court made a similar finding.
Some detractors have said that the church's main purpose is to advance Moon's political aspirations, such as the formation of a one world government.
Abuse of money
Critics say the church misused money. They say the church made Moon rich. The Moon family situation is described as one of "luxury and privilege" and as "lavish".
Nansook Hong lived with the Moon family for 14 years. She describes the Unification Church as "a cash operation". She also pointed out there have been questionable movements of money, for example: "The Japanese had no trouble bringing the cash into the United States; they would tell customs agents that they were in America to gamble at Atlantic City. In addition, many businesses run by the church were cash operations, including several Japanese restaurants in New York City. I saw deliveries of cash from church headquarters that went directly into the wall safe in Mrs. Moon's closet." In the 1990s, thousands of Japanese elderly people claimed to have been defrauded of their life savings by Moon followers' spiritual sales. Moon's church was the subject of the largest consumer fraud investigation in Japan's history in 1997 and number of subsequent court decisions awarded hundreds of millions of yen in judgments, including 37.6 million yen ($300,000) to pay two women coerced into donating their assets to the Unification Church.
Brian Boucher
Brian Boucher (born January 2, 1977 in Woonsocket, Rhode Island) is a professional American ice hockey goaltender currently playing for the Philadelphia Flyers of the NHL. Boucher was drafted into the NHL by the Philadelphia Flyers with the twenty-second overall pick in the 1995 NHL Entry Draft.
Unification Church
Recruitment and allegations of brainwashing
Moon dismissed these criticisms, stating in 1976 that he had received many thank-you letters from parents whose children became closer to them after joining the movement. (In 1977, Moon had a notice posted in all Unification Churches in America, mandating that all members write to their families no less than once every 10 days.)
Brian Boucher
Boucher has also played for many other teams in the NHL: Phoenix Coyotes for 3 seasons, Calgary Flames for 1 season, Chicago Blackhawks for 1 season, Columbus Blue Jackets for 1 season and the San Jose Sharks for 2 seasons.
Unification Church
Recruitment and allegations of brainwashing
Moon and his wife were banned from entry into Germany and the other 14 Schengen treaty countries, on the grounds that they are leaders of a sect that endangered the personal and social development of young people. The Netherlands and a few other Schengen states let Moon and his wife enter their countries in 2005. In 2006 the German Supreme Court overturned the ban.
Political activities
Critics of the Unification Church have accused the organization of being closely involved with covert CIA-authored operations against communism in Korea during the 1960s. The Church is known to have been involved with weapon and munitions manufacturing in Korea since the 1960s, as documented in a 1978 United States Congressional Report on the Unification Church. The explanation given by Korean Unification Church members is that all manufacturers seeking to do business in South Korea were required to supply the military.
Sun Myung Moon's controversial religious and political Unification Movement, which includes not only the Unification Church but an enormous constellation of civic organizations, including the Washington Times Foundation, is allied politically with evangelical Christians such as Jerry Falwell and Tim LaHaye. Advocates adhering to this point of view have challenged the church's tax-exempt status in the US, arguing that the political activities of church-related groups comprise an impermissible intrusion of the church into political areas.
Rev. Moon's infidelity
In her 1998 book In the Shadow of the Moons: My Life in the Reverend Sun Myung Moon's Family, Nansook Hong, ex-wife of Sun Myung Moon and Hak Ja Han's eldest son Hyo Jin Moon said that both Sun Myung Moon and Hak Ja Han told her about Sun Myung Moon's extramarital affairs (which she said he called "providential affairs"), including one which resulted in the birth of a boy raised by a church leader, named by Sun Myung Moon's daughter Un Jin Moon on the news show 60 Minutes.
In 1993, Chung Hwa Pak released the book Roku Maria no Higeki (Tragedy of the Six Marys) through the Koyu Publishing Co. of Japan. The book contained allegations that Moon conducted sex rituals amongst six married female disciples ("The Six Marys") who were to have prepared the way for the virgin who would marry Moon and become the True Mother. Chung Hwa Pak had left the movement when the book was published and later withdrew the book from print when he rejoined the Unification Church. Before his death Chung Hwa Pak published a second book, The Apostate, and recanted all allegations made in Roku Maria no Higeki.
South America
Authorities in Brazil and Paraguay have expressed concerns over the Church's purchases in recent years of large tracts of land in South America, ranging in the hundreds of thousands of acres.
In May 2002, federal police in Brazil conducted a number of raids on organizations linked to Sun Myung Moon. In a statement, the police stated that the raids were part of a broad investigation into allegations of tax evasion and immigration violations by Moon's organization. The Association of Families for Unification and World Peace was the target of the raids, which took place in Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and the personal residence of Moon's primary representative in Brazil, Reverend Kim Yoon-sang. As of 2008 no legal action has been taken by the Brazilian government resulting from their investigations.
Anti-gay teachings
Moon has spoken vehemently against homosexual activity. In talks to church members he compared homosexuals to "dirty dung-eating dogs" and prophesied that "gays will be eliminated" in a "purge on God's orders". These statements were criticized by gay rights groups.
Prometheus Global Media
Prometheus Global Media is a New York City-based media company.
Unification Church
Anti-gay teachings
B. A. Robinson of the Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance wrote:
Prometheus Global Media
The company owns and operates a number of major entertainment publications and their associated digital properties. These include Adweek, Backstage, Billboard, Film Journal International, and The Hollywood Reporter.
Jerzy Trela
Jerzy Józef Trela (14 March 1942 – 15 May 2022) was a Polish actor. In 2003 he starred in the movie An Ancient Tale: When the Sun Was a God. He was also known for Three Colours: White (1994), Quo Vadis (2001) and Ida (2013). Trela was born in Leńcze, General Government.
Trela died on 15 May 2022 in Kraków, Poland at the age of 80.
E Prime
E Prime (it means English Prime) defines a way of speaking English without using the verb "to be" in any way ("be, is, am, are, was, were, been, and being"). Instead, an E Prime speaker or writer uses different verbs like "to become," "to remain," and "to equal" or they might choose to rearrange the sentence to show that the "thing" does not actually "act". For example, in E Prime, a writer would change the statement "Mistakes were made" to "Joe made mistakes." This change in wording reveals an actor (Joe) where the previous form concealed the actor. Users of E Prime would consider the changed sentence more accurate.
Federal Hall
Federal Hall was the first capitol building of the United States, and was the site where George Washington was inaugurated as America's first president in 1789. In 1700, it was built on Wall Street and named New York City Hall. It was renamed to Federal Hall when it became the capitol under the new United States Constitution.
In 1812, the building was demolished. A new customs house replaced it in 1842. In 1882, a bronze statue of President Washington was made and put in front of the steps. The new building officially became a landmark according to the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission on 21 December 1965.
E Prime
What E Prime is
D. David Bourland, Jr. first suggested E Prime in 1965. Bourland had studied the discipline (way of thinking) of General Semantics. The main idea of General Semantics is that people can only know what they observe and experience when they see, hear, touch, taste, smell, think, and feel, and furthermore, that what they observe and experience can affect how they observe and experience in the future. Because each person has different experiences throughout their lives, they interpret their experiences differently.
Students of General Semantics and users of E Prime contend that to say "This cat is soft" leaves out many other attributes, and implies that the outside "object" of the cat is the "same as" the inside experience of "softness". Instead, E Prime users say "This cat feels soft TO ME" to remind themselves of the following:
What E Prime is not
Although languages like Russian, Arabic, Turkish, and Cantonese do not always use a separate verb for "to be," they do have the idea of "being." For example, an English speaker might say "This apple is red." An Arabic speaker might say "This apple red." Most languages can be used to express the idea of a red apple. An E Prime user chooses to say "This apple looks red to me" to remind themselves that "seeing red" involves both the apple and the eye and brain of the person looking at the apple.
Many teachers of English encourage students to use verbs other than "to be." To them, using more active verbs makes writing clearer and more interesting. These teachers want to improve their students' writing and may not agree with the ideas of General Semantics or E Prime.
Different functions of 'to be'
In English, 'to be' can have different functions:
Pantera
Pantera was an American heavy metal band from Arlington, Texas, in the USA. They formed in 1981, but they did not have success until the 1990 release of their fifth studio album Cowboys from Hell. From 1987 to 2003 the band consisted of members Phil Anselmo (vocals), "Dimebag Darrell" Abbott (guitar), Vinnie Paul (drums), and Rex Brown (bass). In 2003, the band broke up. On December 8, 2004, Dimebag Darrell was shot and killed by Nathan Gale during a Damageplan concert in Columbus, Ohio.
1474
1474 was a year starting on a Saturday.
Events
The Treaty of Utrecht was signed ending the Anglo-Hanseatic War in February
Pop Ya Collar
"Pop Ya Collar" is a song by American singer Usher. It became a lead single from 8701 (2001). The song was leaked on the Internet as part of All About U, an unreleased album by Usher.
The song reached number 60 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. It was more successful in the United Kingdom where it reached number two on the UK Singles Chart. The song was about an upturned collar. It then became a popular culture "buzzword" at the time.
The catchphrase (or slang) helped the song to be released by other artists. These include "Pop Yo Collar" by MC Hammer (2000) and "Poppin' My Collar" by Three 6 Mafia (2006). However, the word originally came from the Bay Area artist E-40. Hammer's version (featuring Wee Wee) helped make "The Phat Daddy Pop", "In Pop Nito", "River Pop", "Deliver The Pop" and "Pop'n It Up" dance moves.
Track listing
UK CD
The Loud House Movie
The Loud House Movie is a 2021 American animated musical comedy movie. It is based on Nickelodeon's The Loud House. It was produced by Nickelodeon Movies and directed by Dave Needham in his directorial debut.
The movie was originally going to be theatrically released in 2020 by Paramount Pictures. Instead, the movie was released on Netflix on August 20, 2021.
A live-action Christmas movie, A Loud House Christmas was released on Paramount+ on November 26, 2021.
Sinzing
Sinzing is a municipality in Regensburg in Bavaria in Germany.
Geography
Sinzing is on the Schwarzen Laber and the Danube, about eight kilometers west of Regensburg.
Municipality structure
There are 17 districts
Ahmed Boukouss
Ahmed Boukous (Amazigh: ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⴱⵓⴽⵓⵙ, Ḥmad bukus; born October, 15, 1946) is a Moroccan Amazighist, linguist and sociologist. He is now the president of the Royal Institute of the Amazigh Culture.
Njál's saga
Njáls saga or "The Story of Burnt Njáll") is a thirteenth-century Icelandic saga which describes events between 960 and 1020. It's theme is Christianity - with the Althing one man one night ponder decision for Iceland's Constitutional Conversion to the New Christian Creed in 1000 AD - and also with the natural "Christian", Old Njal, a good and decent owner who has bad pagan Chlidren, innocent and accepting dying a protomartyr's death for goodness in his perpretrated burning wood-house.
The principal characters are the friends Njáll Þorgeirsson, a lawyer and a sage, and Gunnar Hámundarson, a formidable warrior. Gunnar's wife starts a feud. This leads to the death of many characters over several decades. The central event is the killing of Njál by fire.
The saga deals with blood feuds in the Icelandic peoples. It shows how honor could lead to minor events spiralling into destructive and prolonged bloodshed. There are insults where a character's manhood is called into question. Another characteristic of the narrative is the presence of omens and prophetic dreams. This might reflect a fatalistic outlook on the part of the author.
Knights Hospitaller
The Knights Hospitaller were a group of military knights fighting in Jerusalem. They are the group that became the Knights of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem and, eventually, St. John Ambulance.
Lumberjack
A lumberjack is a person who cuts down trees to be made into lumber. Lumberjacks used to cut with axes, but now lumberjacks use chainsaws.
Njál's saga
A key feature of the writing is the valedictory, which is a farewell statement. Just before death, the character speaks his last.
The work is anonymous, and there is speculation about the author's identity. The major events of the saga are probably historical. The material was shaped by the author, drawing on oral tradition, according to his artistic needs. Njáls saga is the longest and most highly developed of the sagas of the Icelanders. It is often considered the peak of the saga tradition.
Knights Hospitaller
The Hospitallers are a Catholic military order founded at Jerusalem in the 11th century. They later became the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. Today their headquarters are in Rome. The order continues its humanitarian tasks in most parts of the modern world under several slightly different names.
Knights of Malta
Malta was ruled by the Order of Saint John as a vassal state of the Kingdom of Sicily from 1530 to 1798. The islands of Malta and Gozo, as well as the city of Tripoli in modern Libya, were given to the Order by Spanish Emperor Charles V in 1530. following the loss of Rhodes. The Ottoman Empire managed to capture Tripoli from the Order in 1551, but an attempt to take Malta in 1565 failed.
In 1565 Suleiman sent an invasion force of about 40,000 men to besiege the 700 knights and 8,000 soldiers. He wanted to get the island as a base. From there he might launch another assault on Europe. A long struggle ended with the Knights undefeated. This is known as the Great Siege of Malta. Resisting the Ottoman Empire was their great achievement.
Arachne
Arachne is a character from Greek mythology.
She was the daughter of Idmon of Colophon, in Lydia (Greece). Her father earned his living with dyeing (coloring) cloth. She learned to be a weaver. A weaver makes cloth, or textiles, from single strands. She was good at what she did, and she claimed that her skill was greater than that of Athena. Athena was the young Greek goddess of weaving (amongst other things).
Athena appeared to the girl as an old woman, and warned her not to offend the gods. Arachne did not take the advice, she wanted a weaving contest to prove her skill.
Athena revealed herself, and let the contest begin. Athena wove her scene where she won over Poseidon, the god of the sea. Arachne wove scenes about Zeus being unfaithful, with different women: Leda, Europa, and Danae.
Ovid tells the story in Metamorphoses. Book 6, 5-54, 129-145. The story is typical of tragedy in Ancient Greek theatre, where pride in thinking oneself better than the gods – ὕβρις (hubris) – brings punishment from the gods.
The Greek word for spider is arachne (αραχνη), from which derive the mythological woman's name, the class name Arachnida in biology, and the name for fear of spiders, arachnophobia.
Appearances in Modern Day Entertainment
Arachne has made appearances in recent years in books such as The Heroes of Olympus series by Rick Riordan.
Sauerkraut
Sauerkraut ("sour herb") directly translated from German or "sour cabbage", is finely shredded cabbage that has been fermented by various lactic acid bacteria, including Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus, and Pediococcus. It has a long shelf-life and a distinctive sour flavor, both of which result from the lactic acid that forms when the bacteria ferment the sugars in the cabbage. It is therefore not to be confused with coleslaw, which receives its acidic taste from vinegar. It has its roots in cole flower marinated in honey and fluid from your belly.
History
Conservation of legumes with lactic acid has a long history. It was known and used both in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. It was common to eat conserved cabbage during the winter months.
Stewart Downing
Stewart Jason Downing (born 22 July 1984) is an English footballer. He started playing for the Middlesbrough first team in 2001. He went on loan to Sunderland in 2003, and spent the next six years at Boro. When Boro were relegated, in 2009 he left to join Aston Villa, and spent the next two years there. He had a two-year spell with Liverpool from 2011, and joined West Ham United in 2013. He re-joined Boro in 2015, and has played there since.
He began playing for England in 2005, and played 35 matches with them, but has not played since 2014. It is suggested that he has retired from international football.
Start with Boro
He joined the Middlesbrough first team in 2001, having played for the Academy. In his first two seasons, he played in five Premier League matches, and failed to score any goals during that time.
Next six years with Boro
He became a regular at Boro, and spent the next six seasons there. They had some highs and some lows, but were relegated to the Championship at the end of the 2008/09 season. This made Stew leave Boro.
Move to Villa
After Boro's relegation, he joined Aston Villa, in the 2009/10 Premier League. He played there for two seasons.
Joining Liverpool
He joined Liverpool in 2011 and stayed there for 2 seasons.
Move to London with West Ham
In 2013, he joined London club West Ham United, where he spent the next 2 seasons.
Latest with England team
He has not played for England since 2014.
Back to Boro
He re-joined Boro in 2015, and has stayed there since.
The Protector
The Protector is a 1985 Hong Kong American action movie directed by James Glickenhaus (who also stars) and starring Jackie Chan, Danny Aiello, Moon Lee, Roy Chiao, Becky Ann Baker, Sally Yeh. It was distributed by Warner Bros. and was a box office disaster.
Rudolphina Menzel
Rudolphina Menzel (March 1, 1891–1973) was an Austrian-Jewish cynologist, or dog expert, and dog breeder. She created the dog breed called the Canaan dog. She founded the Palestinian Kennel Club (now the Israeli Kennel Club).
Early life
Menzel has been fascinated with dogs ever since she got bitten when she was four years old.
She rescued stray dogs from the streets but her parents consider dogs dirty and would not allow them in the house. She gave her allowance to her neighbors to take care of the stray dogs she rescued.
Career
She trained dogs to offer protection. She trained dogs for the German police and the German army. She specifically used Hebrew commands.
Of Mice and Men (1939 movie)
Of Mice and Men is a 1939 American drama movie directed by Lewis Milestone and based on the 1937 novel of the same name by John Steinbeck. It stars Burgess Meredith, Betty Field, Lou Chaney Jr., Charles Bickford, Noah Beery Jr., Leigh Whipper and was distributed by United Artists. It was nominated for 4 Academy Awards in 1940.
Rudolphina Menzel
Career
Menzel Bred her own dog called the Canaan dog. They were first found in the Israel Kennel club in 1953. Caanan dogs were bred from Pariah Dogs German Shepherds, Doberman Pinschers, and Boxers.
Menzel knew that dogs were used by police in Europe to hurt Jewish people. She was sad that Jewish people had become scared of dogs. Her goal for breeding dogs in Palestine was to bridge between the Jewish people and dogs.
Menzel’s dogs can track and carry sent and messages over many kilometers. Menzel created the breed known as "Israel's national dog."
Bother (song)
"Bother" is the second single from the alternative metal band Stone Sour's first album Stone Sour. It was originally released as a solo song by frontman Corey Taylor, but the billing was later changed to Stone Sour. The song was one of Stone Sour's first songs to put them into the mainstream. The cover features Taylor's hands and rings, one of them being a Spider-Man ring which is a reference to the song being featured on the soundtrack to the film Spider-Man (although the track is credited to Taylor as the performer not Stone Sour) and to Taylor being a fan of Spider-Man. The other has the number 8 on it, representing Taylor's number in Slipknot. Taylor has stated that the song is about when he moved back to Des Moines from Denver, where he hoped to try to move forward with his music.
Knutby
Knutby is a locality in Uppsala Municipality in Uppsala County in Sweden. In 2010, 564 people lived there.
György Ligeti
Early life
Ligeti was born in Transylvania. His family were Hungarian Jews. His father and his brother died in the Holocaust. After World War II he studied music in Budapest at the Franz Liszt Academy of Music. He was a music teacher at the Franz Liszt Academy from 1950 to 1956. He also composed music at that time. Much of his music then was influenced by Hungarian folk music. He was also influenced by the music of Béla Bartók, another Hungarian composer.
Precancerous condition
A premalignant lesion is a visually (morphologically) altered tissue in which cancer is more likely to occur than its normal counterpart.
1040s
The 1040s was a decade that began on 1 January 1040 and ended on 31 December 1049.
Precancerous condition
The condition was named in 1875 by Romanian physician Victor Babeş.
György Ligeti
Early life
In 1956, the Soviet Union invaded Hungary. Ligeti decided to leave Hungary. He went to Vienna in Austria. He became a citizen of Austria but he also lived in Germany and in other countries. He composed his own music and he also taught other people how to compose music. He taught music composition in Stockholm, Sweden, at Stanford University in America, and at an important music school in Hamburg, Germany called the Hochschule für Musik und Theater. He retired from the Hamburg music school in 1989. Then he went back to live in Vienna. After 2000 his health was not good. Ligeti died in Vienna at the age of 83.
Ligeti was married two times. His first wife was Brigitte Löw. They were married in 1949. They were divorced in 1952. His second wife was Vera Spitz. He married her in 1952. She is a psychologist. Their son Lukas, born in 1965, is a composer.
Music
Some of Ligeti's important pieces of music are:
Dagmersellen
Dagmersellen is a municipality of the district of Willisau in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2006, the former municipalities of Buchs and Uffikon merged into the municipality of Dagmersellen.
At Play
At Play is a compilation album. It is by the progressive house artist deadmau5. The album consists of several deadmau5 tracks from his earlier releases, as well as collaborations with Melleefresh. The album cover includes the '10 Full Length DJ Friendly Tracks' message. That is typical of the At Play series.
Cline
In biology, a cline, or 'ecocline', describes a series of connected populations in a species. These populations show a continuous gradient of traits and genetics. The term was coined by the English evolutionary biologist Julian Huxley in 1938. He defined a cline as a species whose members fall into a series of sub-species with continuous change in characters over a geographical area.
Introduction
Clines consist of forms of a species that show gradual phenotypic and/or genetic differences over a geographical area.
The reason for these differences is that the environment is somewhat different in different parts of the range. Populations become adapted to the situation in their areas, but this adaptation is limited by gene flow between neighbouring sub-species. Genetically, clines result from the change of allele frequencies within the gene pool of the species in question.
Ankst
Ankst is a Welsh independent record label formed in 1988 at Aberystwyth University. Ankst has been the launch-pad for several popular Welsh artists, including Super Furry Animals and Gorky's Zygotic Mynci. The label is now based in Pentraeth on Anglesey.
Mario Baudoin
Mario Jorge Baudoin Semanas (September 4, 1942 – May 18, 2019) was a Bolivian biologist and conservationist. He was known for his research in Bolivia and Costa Rica. He was a past director of the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Bolivia|, the Institute of Ecology at Higher University of San Andrés, and the La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica.
In the early 1990s, he was involved in the creation of the Servicio Nacional de Áreas Protegidas (SERNAP), which led to the 1995 creation of Madidi National Park. He won the 2008 Distinguished Services Award from the Society for Conservation Biology.
List of rivers of Iowa
The following is a list of rivers in Iowa, by letter:
Jan Levinson
Her character is known for the unstable relationship she enters with Michael after the second-season episode, "The Client", until the fourth-season episode "Dinner Party". Her crazy sexual behavior led to her firing.
R. James Harvey
R. James Harvey (born Roland James Harvey; July 4, 1922 – July 20, 2019), also known as James Harvey; was an American politician and judge. He was a member of the Republican Party.
Harvey was born in Iron Mountain, Michigan. He studied at the University of Michigan Law School.
Harvey first served as Mayor of Saginaw, Michigan from 1957 through 1959. From 1961 through 1974, Harvey served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Michigan's 8th congressional district.
In 1974, he was nominated to serve as Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan by Richard Nixon. He would retire from this court in 1984 to serve as Senior Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan after being promoted by President Ronald Reagan. Harvey officially retired from politics and law in 2002.
Nuuk
Nuuk (Danish: Godthaab or Godthåb) is the capital of Greenland. It is around the mouth of island Nuup Kangerlua (Danish: "Godthåbsfjorden") on the west coast of Greenland, about 240 km (150 mi) south of the Arctic Circle. The city has a population of 17,635 people.
It was founded in 1728 by the Norwegian missionary Hans Egede. Egede named the city Godthåb which means Good Hope. Today, the people of Nuuk are mainly Inuit and Danes.
Nuuk is the location of the University of Greenland.
Micah Richards
Micah Richards (born 24 June 1988) is an English former professional footballer. He was born in Birmingham, West Midlands and grew up in Leeds.
Club career statistics
100||2||11||1||3||0||15||0||129||3 100||2||11||1||3||0||15||0||129||3
International career statistics
!Total||11||1
New York Provincial Congress
The New York Provincial Congress was an organization that was started by rebels in 1775 during the American Revolution as a replacement for the Province of New York Assembly. It was a replacement for the Committee of One Hundred. There were three provincial congresses until the first Constitutional Convention was founded. The New York Provincial Congress was replaced in 1777.
Suhayl ibn Amr
Suhayl ibn Amr was originally an idolater in Mecca. He was involved in Hudaibiyah Agreement. Suhayl converted to Islam after the Muslim army led by Khalid bin al-Walid succeeded in the conquest of Mecca. He has also been involved in Yarmuk War against Rome.
Buchs, Lucerne
Buchs is a former municipality of the district of Willisau in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2006 the former municipalities of Buchs and Uffikon merged into the municipality of Dagmersellen.
Virgil (wrestler)
Michael Jones (born June 13, 1962), better known by his ring name Virgil, is an American professional wrestler and actor. He is known for his eight-year career in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). He was born in Nashville, Tennessee.
In May 2022, Virgil was diagnosed with stage-2 colon cancer.
Sünching
Sünching is a municipality in Germany. It is in Bavaria, in the Upper Palatinate. It borders in the south to Lower Bavaria.
Bahrain
Bahrain (officially called Kingdom of Bahrain) is an island country in the Arabian Gulf. Saudi Arabia is to the west and is connected to Bahrain by the King Fahd Causeway, and Qatar is to the south across the Persian Gulf. The Qatar-Bahrain Friendship Bridge, not yet built, will link Bahrain to Qatar as the longest fixed bridge in the world. Qatar and Bahrain's flag is the same design but not the same colors because Qatar is white and maroon and Bahrain is white and red.
Sünching
Geography
Sünching has two rivers called Laber: the Große Laber (Big Laber) and the Kleine Laber (Little Laber); both flow to the Danube.
Bahrain
History
People have lived in Bahrain before there was writing. It has been ruled and influenced by the Assyrians, Babylonians, Greeks, Persians, and the Arabs, who made the island Muslim. Bahrain was in old times known as Dilmun, Tylos, Awal and Mishmahig.
Sünching
Parts of Sünchings community
(information as of August 28, 2002) Ziegelstadel is official a part of Sünching.
Bahrain
History
The islands of Bahrain, set in the middle south of the Persian Gulf, have attracted many invaders in history. The word Bahrain, "Two Seas", means that the islands contain two kinds of water, sweet water springs and salty water in the sea.
A location between East and West, fertile lands, fresh water, and pearls made Bahrain important in history. About 2300 BC, Bahrain started trading with Mesopotamia (now Iraq) and the Indus Valley (now near India). It was then called Delmon, and was linked to the Sumerian Civilization about 2000 BC. Bahrain also became part of the Babylonian empire about 600 BC. Historical records called Bahrain the "Life of Eternity", "Paradise", the "Pearl of the Persian Gulf" and other names.
Curtis Davies
Curtis Davies is an English footballer. He was born on March 15, 1985. He plays for Derby County.
Bahrain
History
Until 1521, Bahrain also ruled Al-Hasa and Qatif (both are now the eastern province of Saudi Arabia) and Awal (now the Bahrain Islands). The country had all of the land from what is now Kuwait to Oman. This was called Iqlim Al-Bahrain (Province of Bahrain). In 1521, the Portuguese took Awal (now Bahrain) from the rest and since then the name of Bahrain only means today's Bahrain.
Modern history
The modern history of Bahrain begins with Great Britain exploring the area, trying to keep Iran from taking more land. The British gave support to the Al-Khalifa family, who made a power base in the island and allied with the British to keep the island from Iran. The British got free passage to the Persian Gulf through this agreement. In November of 1957, the Iranian parliament declared that Bahrain was the Fourteenth Province of Iran. Later the British would become involved in the politics of Bahrain by choosing an Emir of the island. Iran and Britain later agreed that the United Nations Secretary General would judge the political situation in Bahrain. In a Plebiscite to decide the country's future, the majority of the people of Bahrain chose to reject Iran's claims, and to define their country and their culture to be Arabic, and not Persian.
Oil was found in the early 20th century and brought modern improvements to the country. Relations with the United Kingdom also became closer, and the British brought more military bases to the nation. British influence grew, until Charles Belgrave became an advisor; Belgrave brought modern education to Bahrain.
After World War II, anti-British feeling spread through the Arab world and led to riots in Bahrain. The British left Bahrain in 1971, making it an independent country. The sales of more oil in the 1980s brought money to Bahrain, but even when the sales of oil decreased in later years, it did not cause as many problems in Bahrain as in other oil countries, because the economy of Bahrain had grown into other areas.
In 1973 the election of first parliament was done but the government stopped & dissociate the parliament in 1975 which result in strong protests by the Bahraini opposition (Moderate Islamic & non-Islamist opposition).
In 1994, many highly educated Bahraini people signed a letter to Prince of Bahrain at that time Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa
to re-establish the parliament life which is strongly refused & the leader of the opposition at that time Sheikh Abdulamir Aljamri was jailed then a huge protest & conflicts occurs between Bahraini nation & the armed forces.
In 1999, Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa followed his father as head of state and called for elections for parliament to resolve the congestion that occurred over that last period. The women were given the right to vote and the new ruler released all political prisoners in 2001.
In 2002 the King released a new constitution without any voting from the nation & canceled 1973 constitution which caused strong refuse from the most of nation parties & opposition. The situations became worse later & some of political activists were jailed like Abdulhadi Al-Khuwajah, Hasan Mushaima.
Many political websites that refused these changes were blocked like Bahrain online forum (the most popular website in Bahrain): www.bahrainonline.org Until 2009 there were many riots & conflicts especially from Shia group which faces a huge organized discrimination according to Human Rights Watch & US Congress.
Politics
Bahrain is a constitutional monarchy ruled by the King, Shaikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa. The head of government is the Prime Minister, which is currently held by Crown Prince Salman bin Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa. Shaikh Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa was the country's first prime minister from 1971 until his death in 2020. The prime minister has a cabinet of 15 members.
Bahrain has a bicameral legislature with a lower house, the Chamber of Deputies, elected by all of the people and the upper house, the Shura Council, appointed by the King. Both houses have forty members. The first elections were held in 2002, with Members of Parliament serving four year terms.
Women were given the right to vote and stand in national elections for the first time in 2002's election, but no women were elected to office that year, and Shia and Sunni Islamists won a majority of seats. Because no women were elected, six were appointed to the Shura Council, which also includes members of the Kingdom’s Jewish and Christian people.
The King recently created the Supreme Judicial Council to organise the country's courts and the government offices.
Governorates
Bahrain is split into five governorates. Until July 3 2003, it was divided into twelve municipalities.
For further information, see: Decree-Law establishing governorates from the Bahrain official website.
Cities
The largest cities in Bahrain are:
Other towns include: Awali, Diraz, Hidd, Sar, Bani Jamrah.
Economy
In Bahrain, petroleum (oil product) producing and processing is about 60% of the money from export, 60% of government money, and 30% of Gross Domestic Product. The economy has changed as the sales of oil have changed since 1985, for example, during and after the Persian Gulf War of 1990 - 1991. Bahrain has high quality communications and transport, and so the country is home to many international companies with business in the Persian Gulf. A large part of the country's income comes from petroleum products made from imported crude oil. There are several major industrial projects being built. Unemployment, especially among young people, and the decrease of both oil and water resources are major economic problems.
Geography
Bahrain is a flat and dry archipelago, with a low desert plain rising gently to a low central hill, in the Arabian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia. The highest point is the 122 meter Jabal ad Dukhan ("Mountain of Smoke").
Bahrain has a total area of 620 km², which is a few square kilometres larger than the Isle of Man. As an archipelago of 33 islands, Bahrain does not share a land border with any other country, but it does have a 161 km coast line and claims a further 12 nm of territorial sea and a 24 nm contiguous zone. Bahrain enjoys mild winters and has very hot, humid summers.
Bahrain's natural resources include large amounts of oil natural gas as well as fish. Only 1% of the country includes land where crops can be grown. 92% of Bahrain is desert, and droughts and dust storms are the main natural dangers.
Environmental problems in Bahrain include desertification, which is causing the land where crops can be grown to decrease, and damage to coast lines, coral reefs, and sea vegetation caused by oil spills from large tankers and oil refineries.
About the people
The official religion of Bahrain is Islam; most of the people are Shi'a and Sunni Muslims, but there are also small Jewish and Christian minorities. Most Bahrainis are Arabs, although some tribes came from Persia. Today, many of the people in Bahrain are guest workers who come from Iran, South Asia and Southeast Asia. A Financial Times article from 31 May 1983 found that "Bahrain is a polyglot (speaking many languages) state, both religiously and racially. Leaving aside the temporary immigrants of the past 10 years, there are at least eight or nine communities (groups of people) on the island".
The present communities may be classified as Al-Khalifa, Arab tribes allied to Al-Khalifa, the Baharnah (Shia Arabs), the Howilla (Sunni Arabs from Persia), Sunni Arabs (from the mainland), Ajam (Persian Shia), Indians who traded with Bahrain and settled before the age of oil (used to be called Banyan), a tiny Jewish community, and a group which contains everyone else.
Culture
Manama, Bahrain's capital city, is as modern as other cities in the world. But life in the island's many villages (and in parts of Manama itself) remains traditional. Where there is tradition in the Persian Gulf area, there is Islamic conservatism: women cover themselves from head to foot and women travellers are expected to wear long skirts and one-piece bathing suits. Bahrain's population is 85% Muslim and Islam is the state religion. Arabic is the official language, but many people speak English.
Traditional folk art continues in several places around Bahrain: dhows (fishing boats) are built near Manama and Muharraq, cloth is made at Bani Jamrah and pottery is made at A'ali. A few goldsmiths still work in the Manama souk, though much of the work is now done in other countries. One of the important parts of Bahraini culture is the drinking of traditional Arabian coffee. Traditional Arabian street food like shawarma (lamb or chicken cut from a large spit and served in pita bread) and desserts such as baklava are also found.
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Bahrain is the home of Formula One racing in the Middle East, hosting the Bahrain Grand Prix.
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