cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis happens when a person eats, breathes in, or is injected with an allergen (something they are allergic to). Their immune system over-reacts. It sends out special proteins from inside certain white blood cells. These proteins can start an allergic reaction or make the reaction worse.
Smith College
History
The United States Naval Reserve Midshipmen's School at Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts, was a training ground for junior officers of the Women's Reserve of the U.S. Naval Reserve (WAVES). It was nicknamed "USS Northampton." On August 28, 1942, 120 women went to the school for training.
Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is diagnosed (found to be sick with something) from a person’s signs and symptoms. The best treatment is an injection (a shot) of epinephrine (adrenaline). Sometimes doctors give other medicines along with epinephrine.
Smith College
History
Smith has had 10 presidents and two acting presidents. (An acting president is someone who does the work of a president when there is no president or the president is not available to do the work.) Elizabeth Cutter Morrow was the first acting president of Smith College and the first female head of the college, but she did not use the title of president. For the 1975 centennial, the college had its first woman president, Jill Ker Conway. Since her term, all Smith presidents but one have been women.
On December 10, 2012, the Board of Trustees announced that Kathleen McCartney would be the president of Smith College starting on July 1, 2013. Her official inauguration was planned for October 2013.
Anaphylaxis
Worldwide, about 0.05–2% of people have anaphylaxis at some point in their lives. Anaphylaxis appears to be getting more common.
Smith College
Notable students
Many Smith students have become notable. They include:
Anaphylaxis
History
Cases of anaphylaxis have been reported since ancient times.
Later, the name was changed to "anaphylaxis" because it sounded nicer. The word "anaphylaxis" comes from the Greek words ἀνά (ana), against, and φύλαξις (phyla's), protection.
Signs and symptoms
Anaphylaxis can cause many different signs and symptoms over minutes or hours. If the anaphylaxis is caused by something that entered the body directly through the bloodstream (through a vein), symptoms appear within an average of 5 to 30 minutes. If it is caused by a food the person ate, symptoms appear within an average of 2 hours.
The most common body systems affected by anaphylaxis include:
People with anaphylaxis usually have problems with two or more of these body systems.
Skin symptoms
Skin symptoms usually include: In 20% of cases, the tongue or throat may swell up, which can cause breathing problems. If a person is having breathing problems, the skin may turn blue because the body is not getting enough oxygen. This is called cyanosis.
Cardiovascular symptoms
Anaphylaxis can also cause low blood pressure. This may be caused by distributive shock, where the body's blood vessels get much wider because of the chemicals released by the immune system. It can also be caused by cardiogenic shock, where the heart is not getting enough blood to pump out to the rest of the body.
Low blood pressure can cause many problems, including:
In rare cases, very low blood pressure may be the only sign of anaphylaxis.
People who already have heart disease are at greater risk of having heart problems from anaphylaxis.
Other symptoms
Anaphylaxis can also cause problems with other body systems:
Food
Many foods can trigger anaphylaxis, even when the food is eaten for the first time. In the Western world, the most common causes are eating or touching peanuts, wheat, tree nuts, shellfish, milk, and eggs. In the Middle East, sesame is a common trigger food. In Asia, rice and chickpeas often cause anaphylaxis.
Severe cases of anaphylaxis usually happen when a person eats the trigger food. However, some people have severe anaphylaxis when the trigger food touches some part of their body.
Children can outgrow their allergies. For example, by age 16:
Medication
Any medication may cause anaphylaxis. The most common are β-lactam antibiotics (such as penicillin), then aspirin and NSAIDs.
Venom
Venom from stinging or biting insects, like bees and wasps (Hymenoptera) or kissing bugs (Triatominae), may cause anaphylaxis. If a person has a bad allergic reaction to venom once, they have a greater risk of having anaphylaxis if they are stung or bitten again. However, half of the people who die of anaphylaxis have had no anaphylactic reaction before.
Risk factors
Certain diseases, called atopic diseases, can make a person more likely to have allergies. Atopic diseases include asthma, eczema, and allergic rhinitis. People with these diseases have a high risk of anaphylaxis from food, latex, and radiocontrast agents. However, these people do not have a higher risk from injected medications or stings.
One study of children with anaphylaxis found that 60% had a history of previous atopic diseases. More than 90% of children who die from anaphylaxis have asthma.
The risk of having another anaphylactic reaction decreases as a person avoids the trigger for longer and longer.
How anaphylaxis happens
Anaphylaxis usually happens because the immune system over-reacts to an allergen. The immune system releases mast cells and basophils, which are types of white blood cells. The immune system sees the trigger as something bad and sends out white blood cells to kill it. The mast cells and basophils attach to the allergen to try to kill it. However, because the system is over-reacting, the mast cells and basophils explode and dump out chemicals that cause inflammation, like histamine. Histamine causes many of the symptoms of anaphylaxis. For example:
Diagnosis
Anaphylaxis is diagnosed based on signs, symptoms, and knowing that a person has been exposed to an allergen. It is very likely that a person has anaphylaxis if any of these three things happen within minutes or hours after they were exposed to an allergen:
If a person has a bad reaction to an insect sting or a medication, blood tests for tryptase or histamine might be useful in diagnosing anaphylaxis. However, these tests are not very useful if the cause is food, or if the person has a normal blood pressure. Also, these tests cannot say for sure that a person does not have anaphylaxis.
Differential diagnosis
Sometimes it is difficult to tell the difference between anaphylaxis; asthma; fainting caused by not having enough oxygen; and panic attacks. However, there are some important differences between these conditions:
Prevention
The best way to prevent anaphylaxis is to avoid the trigger that caused anaphylaxis in the past. When this is not possible, there may be treatments to make the body stop reacting to the trigger. This is called desensitization. For example, treatment of the immune system (immunotherapy) with Hymenoptera venoms is able to make 80–90% of adults and 98% of children stop having allergic reactions to bees, wasps, hornets, yellow jackets, and fire ants. Most people who are allergic to certain medicines can just avoid those medicines. However, desensitization is possible for many medications (for example, many chemotherapies) if the person has to take those medicines.
People with latex allergies may have to avoid "cross-reactive foods." These are foods that have ingredients that are similar to latex. Examples of these foods includeavocados, bananas, and potatoes.
Arab–Israeli conflict
The Arab–Israeli conflict is a term used to describe the political tensions and open hostilities between the Arab countries of the Middle East and North Africa and the State of Israel. The conflict has gone on since 1948.
Anaphylaxis
Management
Anaphylaxis is a medical emergency that may require emergency medical treatment. Some patients need help keeping their airways open so they can breathe in air. Other patients need to be given extra oxygen or large amounts of intravenous fluids (fluids given through a needle into a vein).
Arab–Israeli conflict
The Arab–Israeli conflict began from earlier tensions between the Arab and Jewish communities in British Mandatory Palestine, with the rise of two nationalist movements - Zionist movement among Jews and Arab nationalism among the Arabs. The ethnic conflict in Mandatory Palestine was also a result of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, which created tension over the division and ownership of the land. While the Jewish people saw the land as their historical homeland of the Land of Israel, the Palestinian people and Pan-Arab movement saw the land as Palestine belonging to the Arabs and in the Pan-Islamic context, as territory regarded as Muslim lands.
The modern conflict started with the 1948 Arab-Israeli war in parallel with the creation of state of Israel by the Jews. Later, on the course of the 1948 War, the All-Palestine Government was created in Gaza Strip by the Arab League, as an Arab Palestinian state. Israel won the 1948 war, and the All-Palestine Government moved to Cairo in Egypt and were not allowed to return to Gaza. They gradually lost importance, until abolished in 1959 by the Egyptian President Nasser.
Anaphylaxis
Management
Epinephrine is the best treatment for anaphylaxis. Doctors often give antihistamines (which destroy histamine) and steroids along with epinephrine. Once a person has returned to normal, they should be watched in the hospital for 2 to 24 hours to make sure their symptoms do not return.
Arab–Israeli conflict
In 1964, another Palestinian political organization was formed by Yasser Arafat (named Palestinian Liberation Organization), and became the most important Palestinian movement. In 1967, Arab countries and Israel fought the Six-Day War, resulting in Israeli takeover of Gaza Strip and Sinai Peninsula from Egypt, West Bank from Jordan and Golan Heights from Syria. Jordan, Egypt and PLO soon began a low-level War of Attrition, which lasted from 1967 to 1970 with no significant benefits to any side. In 1973, another major war, the Yom Kippur War, was started by Egypt and Syria to regain the territory lost in the Six Day War. Egypt liberated part of the Sinai, and Syria was pushed back to Damascus. Egypt and Israel both claimed victory and till now historians argue as to whom the victory belongs to.
Anaphylaxis
Epinephrine
Epinephrine is the best and first treatment used for anaphylaxis. It reverses many of the symptoms of anaphylaxis. For example, it makes the bronchi (the passages to the lungs) get wider; it makes the blood vessels go back to their normal size; and it raises blood pressure.
Arab–Israeli conflict
Over the years, it has changed from the large-scale Arab–Israeli conflict to a more local Israeli-Palestinian conflict, though the Arab World and Israel still disagree with each other over specific territory.
Anaphylaxis
Epinephrine
Epinephrine comes in an "auto-injector," usually called an "EpiPen." Once its safety cap is taken off, the EpiPen just has to be pressed into the thigh, and the right amount of epinephrine will automatically be injected into the person's body. Doctors can prescribe EpiPens to people who know they have allergies, so they can treat themselves for anaphylaxis. Many ambulances also carry EpiPens to treat anaphylaxis.
The EpiPen is meant to be injected into the thigh muscle, on the outside of the leg, as soon as anaphylaxis is suspected. There is no reason why it should not be used if a person is having an anaphylactic reaction. The injection may be repeated every 5 to 15 minutes if the person is still having breathing problems or other major symptoms. A second dose is needed in 16 to 35% of cases. More than two doses are rarely needed.
Epinephrine can cause minor side effects, including tremors, anxiety, headaches, and palpitations.
Epinephrine may not work in people who are taking β-blockers. In these people, if epinephrine does not work, doctors can give intravenous glucagon.
Being prepared
People who are at risk for anaphylaxis are advised to have an "allergy action plan." These plans often include:
Outlook
If anaphylaxis is diagnosed and the person is treated quickly, there is a good chance that they will recover. Even if nobody knows what caused the anaphylaxis, the person usually makes a good recovery as long as they get medication to stop the reaction.
When people die from anaphylaxis, they usually die from respiratory (breathing) problems, usually the airway closing up, or cardiovascular problems, like shock. About 0.7% to 20% of people with anaphylaxis die from it. Some people die within minutes.
Very rarely, people have exercise-induced anaphylaxis - anaphylaxis that is caused by exercise. These people usually do well. They usually have fewer anaphylactic episodes, which are less severe, as they get older.
RZA
Robert Diggs (born July 5, 1969 ) is an American rapper and producer, as well as a member of the hip-hop group Wu-Tang Clan, better known by his stage name, RZA. He was a member of Gravediggaz. He was known as Rzarector. This is a pun on 'resurrector'. RZA has written two books.
RZA started his music career in 1991 when he released the EP Ooh I Love You Rakeem.
Kirchdorf in Tirol
Kirchdorf in Tirol is a municipality of the district Kitzbühel in the Austrian state of Tyrol.
Kickboxing
Kickboxing is a descriptive term for martial arts that, while similar to boxing, use the feet just like the hands to hit. Kickboxing can be practiced for general health, or as the fight sport. The word kickboxing represents a set of disciplines or sports of combat that use the feet and the fists. Especially, kickboxing is one of the disciplines of Boxe pieds-poings which was developed at first by the Japaneses and afterwards by the North Americans. There are different kinds of kick boxing, most popular form is one where kicks are allowed towards head & torso only.
The Harbourfront Landmark
The Harbourfront Landmark is a skyscraper in Hong Kong, China. It is 233 meters (763 feet) tall and has 70 floors. It was built in 2001 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world.
Kickboxing
Among the non-Japaneses that gained more successes, a special consideration should be given to Frenchman Christian Guillaume who in 1969 gained four victories and two draws; and American Benny "The Jet" Urquidez who in 1977 defeated Tatsuyuki Suzuki in four rounds.
In 1973 Urquidez and Howard Hanson created the W.K.A. (World Karate Association), changing years after the "K" de karate for that of Kick-Boxing.
The more known champions are Rob Kaman, Benny Urquidez, Dennis Alexio, Ernesto Hoost, and Marek Piotrowski.
Rules
The punches and kicks are permitted for above the waist, the sweepings and the low kicks (kicks to the thigh) also are permitted.
The "amateur" combats take place in three rounds, and the professional ones last five rounds; 10 in championships of Europe and 12 in the championships of the world, with a one-minute half-time (break) between rounds.
The kicks to the thigh (low kick) usually decide about the difference in the combats.
Today I Am a Clown
"Today I Am a Clown" is the 6th episode of The Simpsons' 15th season. It was first broadcast on the Fox network on December 7, 2003. The episode was written by Joel H. Cohen. Nancy Kruse is the director of the episode. In the episode, Krusty the Clown gets help from his father Hyman to have a bar mitzvah.
Jackie Mason is a guest star as Krusty's father, Hyman Krustofsky. Mr. T guest stars as himself in the episode. About 10.5 million people watched the episode when it was first broadcast. Dan Castellaneta got an Emmy Award for being the voice actor for many characters in the episode. Joel H. Cohen was given a nomination for a Writers Guild of America Award because he wrote the episode.
Saint-Christophe-des-Bardes
Saint-Christophe-des-Bardes is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Maurice Wilkins
Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins CBE FRS (15 December 1916 – 5 October 2004) was a New Zealand-born English physicist and molecular biologist.
Wilkins was born in New Zealand to a family from Dublin. When he was six, he moved to Birmingham.
His research contributed to the understanding of phosphorescence, isotope separation, light microscopy and X-ray crystallography.
He is best known for his work at King's College London on the structure of DNA.
In recognition of this work, he, Francis Crick and James Watson were awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material". His obituary provides extensive information on the topics mentioned here.
Wilkins was the Assistant Director of the Biophysics Unit at Kings College, and responsible for work on the structure of DNA. Wilkins and a graduate student, Raymond Gosling, got the first X-ray diffraction photos of DNA in 1950. He introduced Francis Crick to the importance of DNA, and hired Rosalind Franklin on a three-year grant. Franklin made progress with the crystallography, and produced some better photographs of the structure.
Watson and Crick published their proposed DNA double helix structure in a paper in the journal Nature in April 1953. In this paper Watson and Crick acknowledged that they had been "stimulated by.... the unpublished results and ideas" of Wilkins and Franklin.
By this time Franklin was suffering from cancer of the ovary. She died in 1958, which explains why she was not included in the 1962 Nobel Prize. A controversy exists as to the relative contributions of her and Wilkins.
John Purvis
John Robert Purvis, CBE (6 July 1938 – 20 March 2022) was a British Conservative politician. He was a MEP for Mid Scotland and Fife from 1979 until 1984 and from 1999 to 2009. He was one of Scotland's seven MEPs. Purvis was born in St Andrews, Scotland.
Purvis died on 20 March 2022 from cancer in Edinburgh, Scotland at the age of 83.
Lesjöfors IF
Lesjöfors IF is a sports club in Lesjöfors in Sweden. The club was established in 1924 as a soccer and Nordic skiing club. It adopted the game of bandy by the late 1920s. The men's bandy team played 21 seasons in the Swedish bandy top division.
Brian Tyler
Brian Theodore Tyler is an American composer, musician, conductor, arranger, and producer born on May 8, 1972 in Orange County, California, known for his movie and video game scores.
He scored Eagle Eye, Iron Man 3, Avengers: Age of Ultron with Danny Elfman, Now You See Me, and among others.
He also re-arranged the current fanfare of the Universal Pictures logo for its 100th anniversary that was originally composed by Jerry Goldsmith, which debuted with The Lorax (2012), the 2013–2016 Marvel Studios logo, which debuted with Thor: The Dark World (2013), as well as the NFL Sunday Countdown Theme for ESPN, the Formula One theme (also used in Formula 2 and Formula 3) and five installments of the Fast & Furious franchise.
For his work as a movie composer, he has won the IFMCA Awards 2014 Composer of the Year.
Latent autoimmune diabetes
Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is similar to both type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Like type 1 diabetes, LADA is an autoimmune disease of the pancreas. This means the body's immune system attacks the cells in the pancreas that are supposed to make insulin. But LADA is also like type 2 diabetes, because it causes insulin resistance. This means that insulin does not work as well as it should in a person's body.
Most people with latent autoimmune diabetes are thin or skinny or have a normal BMI, although some are overweight to slightly obese.
Differences between LADA and type 1 diabetes
The biggest difference between LADA and type 1 diabetes is that LADA has a gradual onset (it comes on slowly).
Also, people with type 1 diabetes cannot make insulin. But if they are given a shot of insulin, the insulin works and does its job in their bodies. But in people with LADA, even if they are given insulin, the insulin may not work as well as it should.
Differences between LADA and type 2 diabetes
Most people with LADA become insulin-dependent (have to inject insulin) within 3-15 years. This is very different from type 2 diabetes. Only 20%-30% of type 2 diabetics end up being insulin-dependent.
Another difference is that type 2 diabetes can happen to anyone at any age. But LADA does not affect children or teenagers. It usually affects people age 35 and older, but can affect anyone between 20-29 years of age.
With LADA, the pancreas cannot make insulin because the immune system is attacking its insulin-making cells. This does not happen in type 2 diabetes.
Contrary to popular belief, some people with LADA do have family members with type 2 diabetes.
Diagnosis and treatment
People with LADA are sometimes misdiagnosed (diagnosed incorrectly) as having type 1 or type 2 diabetes. A special blood test can prove what kind of diabetes a person has. The test looks for an antibody that only diabetics with LADA have. It is called a GAD antibody test.
People with LADA usually control their diabetes using very similar methods and changes of lifestyle to type 2 diabetes: eating right, exercising and oral medications; weight loss is optional. Unlike Type 2 diabetics who might never need to inject insulin, however, the LADA patients become insulin dependent within several years.
Complications
The complications of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults are highly similar to those for types 1 and 2 diabetes, like stroke, heart disease, gangrene, kidney trouble, and heart attacks.
Genes and antibodies
There are glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies connected with LADA. There are also TCF7L2 genes associated with Type 2 diabetes which are also connected with LADA.
Nousiainen
Nousiainen is a municipality in Southwest Finland. As of January 2014 about 4,900 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Aura, Masku, Mynämäki, Pöytyä, Rusko and Turku.
Most people there speak Finnish.
Part of Kurjenrahka National Park is located in part of the area of Nousiainen.
Some villages
Hakola, Heininen, Hyrkkö, Kaisela, Kaitarinen, Kallunen, Keskusoja, Kytöinen, Kärmälä, Köönikkälä, Laaleinen, Laihonen, Leinainen, Moijonen, Nummi, Nutturla, Ojankulma, Paijula, Paistanoja, Pakainen, Palo, Papumäki, Puotunen, Rekoinen, Ristimäki, Riukula, Sukkinen, Tappuri, Topoinen, Vastlahti, Kukkola and Mutola
Saint-Christophe-de-Double
Saint-Christophe-de-Double is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Shimao International Plaza
Shimao International Plaza is a skyscraper in Shanghai, China. It is 333 meters (1093 feet) tall and has 60 floors. It was built in 2006 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world.
Tsūtenkaku
Tsūtenkaku (通天閣) is a tower in Osaka, Japan. It is a well-known landmark and shows advertisements for Hitachi, Ltd. The tower is 103 meters tall. The main observation deck is 91 meters above the ground. The three characters in the name mean "Reaching Heaven Tower". It is in Shinsekai, part of Naniwa Ward. Tsūtenkaku Kanko Co., Ltd. owns the tower.
History
The current tower is the second tower on the site. The original tower was built in 1912. The design was based on the Eiffel Tower. The tower had an cable car that connected it to a nearby amusement park called Luna Park. The original was 64 meters tall. It was the second tallest building in Asia at that time. It quickly became one of the most popular locations in the city. Visitors came from all over.
There was a fire in 1943 which severely damaged the tower. It was not repaired. The tower was taken apart and the steel was used to make things for World War II.
After the war, citizens wanted to rebuild the popular tower. A private company called Tsūtenkaku Kanko Co. Ltd. was set up for this purpose. They hired Tachu Naito to design it. He was nicknamed Japan's "Father of Towers". The new tower opened in 1956.
Lofsdalen
Lofsdalen is a minor locality and ski resort located in Härjedalen Municipality, Sweden. In 2010, 116 people lived there.
Aescwine of Wessex
Aescwine was a King in Wessex from about 674 to 676. He was one of several underkings in Wessex at the time.
King in Wessex
Aescwine was the son of Cenfus, who also ruled Wessex as a subking. They both claimed descent from Cynric through his son Ceolwulf. After the death of Cenwalh the underkings took over Wessex and ruled it for about ten years. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Cenwalh was succeeded as ruler by his wife Seaxburh. She ruled for about one year trying to hold central control over Wessex. In 675, Aescwine defeated Wulfhere over territory north of the Thames. Aescwine reigned from about 674 to 676. He was succeeded by Centwine.
Phat Wilson
Gordon Allan "Phat" Wilson (December 29, 1895 – July 26, 1970) was a Canadian amateur ice hockey forward who won the Allan Cup three times as a member of the Port Arthur Bearcats. Seen as one of the top amateur players of his time, Wilson was added into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1963.
Hockey career
A native of Port Arthur, Ontario, Wilson did not even know how to skate when he joined the town's church league in 1914. Serving as a substitute, he improved his skating enough that he earned a full-time role on his team the following year and played two seasons of junior hockey before joining the Port Arthur War Veterans senior team at the age of 18.
Wilson moved to Iroquois Falls, Ontario, for a season to play in the Northern Ontario Hockey Association (NOHA) in 1921–22 before returning to Port Arthur a year later to play for the Port Arthur Bearcats. He was a top player in the NOHA, leading Port Arthur to an Allan Cup championship in 1925 as Canada's national senior champions. Wilson and the Bearcats repeated as champions the following year and won a third Allan Cup in 1929. Professional teams took note of his play; teams from Calgary, Edmonton and Toronto all offered him but he declined, preferring to remain in his hometown.
He was an outstanding offensive defenceman who won several scoring titles during his career. He retired as a player in 1932 at the age of 37 and took on the dual role of coach and manager of the Bearcats. In recognition of his career in Port Arthur, Wilson was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1962 and the Northwestern Ontario Sports Hall of Fame in its inaugural class of 1982.
Off the ice
In addition to hockey, Wilson played baseball and served as a volunteer and executive in both sports. He was named the first president of Port Arthur's little league when it was founded in 1952 and helped found the community's girls hockey league, serving also as a coach and referee.
Radio Hall of Fame
The National Radio Hall of Fame is a museum dedicated to those who have helped he development of the radio medium throughout its history in the United States. The Hall of Fame is housed in a wing of the Museum of Broadcast Communications building in Chicago, Illinois.
Paul Kantner
Kantner died from multiple organ failure and septic shock caused by a heart attack in San Francisco, California on January 28, 2016. He was 74.
Saint-Cibard
Saint-Cibard is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Saint-Ciers-d'Abzac
Saint-Ciers-d'Abzac is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Garfield Minus Garfield
Garfield Minus Garfield, also known as Jon Arbuckle, is a comic published on the internet and created by Dan Walsh, a technology manager from Dublin, Ireland, that received notably large attention during 2008. Each comic strip consists of a previous Garfield comic strip with every character except Garfield's owner Jon Arbuckle removed. Dan Walsh says he was not the first to come up with this idea, but was the first to popularize it.
Delroy Lindo
Delroy George Arthur Lindo (18 November 1952 as Norman Flemming) is an English actor. He has performed in many movies and stage acts. He starred in the movies Malcolm X and Crooklyn. He was born in London.
Garfield Minus Garfield
Paws, Inc. publishes a similarly named and themed comic strip every Monday, Wednesday and Friday, and later every Tuesday.
Content
Because Garfield is not present, the comic strips mostly show his owner, Jon Arbuckle, interacting with himself instead of Garfield. The comic strip's website calls this "a journey deep into the mind of an isolated young everyman as he fights a losing battle against loneliness and depression in a quiet American suburb."
Reception
Garfield creator and artist Jim Davis has said he occasionally reads the comic strip, it fascinates him, and he finds it to be an "inspired thing to do". Some variations of the idea have also been created, such as a Garfield Minus Jon Tumblr blog.
Publication
On October 28 2008, Ballantine Books released a Garfield Minus Garfield book in full color, with the original comics alongside the edited ones. It is credited to Jim Davis, who officially allowed it to be published, with an introduction written by Dan Walsh. However, most of the content inside the book consists of a section with "Garfield Minus Garfield Strips by Dan", ending with "A word from Jim Davis" and a small section of Jim Davis' own attempts at making Garfield Minus Garfield comic strips.
Paws, Inc. published its own Garfield Minus Garfield from November 3, 2008 to July 21, 2010, and resumed publishing on April 25, 2012. Unlike Dan Walsh's version, Paws, Inc.'s version also includes the original Garfield comic strip underneath.
Kössen
Kössen is a municipality of the district of Kitzbühel in the Austrian state of Tyrol.
Dmitry Shirkov
Dmitry Vasil'evich Shirkov (Дми́трий Васи́льевич Ширко́в; 3 March 1928 – 23 January 2016) was a Russian theoretical physicist. He was known for his works to quantum field theory and to the development of the renormalization group method. He used to work at Lund University in Sweden. He was born in Moscow, Russia.
Shirkov died at his home in Dubna, Russia from a heart attack on 23 January 2016 at the age of 87.
Aslan Bzhania
Aslan Georgievich Bzhania (Аслан Гьаргь-иҧа Бжьаниа, Аслан Георгиевич Бжания; born 6 April 1963) is an Abkhaz politician. He became President of Abkhazia on 23 April 2020. He was the Head of the State Security Service, and one of the leaders of the opposition in Abkhazia.
In 2019, he was poisoned with mercury and was hospitalized for months in Moscow.
He ran in the 2020 presidential election, which preliminary reports show he won.
The Miracle Worker (1962 movie)
The Miracle Worder is a 1962 American biographical drama movie directed by Arthur Penn and is based on Helen Keller's book about her own life, The Story of My Life. The title character is Annie Sullivan, who teaches a blind and deaf girl to communicate.
Lady Gaga
Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta (born March 28, 1986), better known as her stage name Lady Gaga, is an American singer, songwriter, activist, record producer, businesswoman, fashion designer, philanthropist, actress, dancer and model. She has a mezzo-soprano vocal range. Her albums are The Fame, The Fame Monster, Born This Way, Artpop, Cheek to Cheek, Joanne, Chromatica, and Love for Sale. In the US, she has earned five number-one singles and six number-one albums. She has won 13 Grammy Awards, an Academy Award, three American Music Awards, and various BRIT Awards.
Gaga is known for her versatility in music. She got her stage name from the song "Radio Ga Ga" by the band Queen. She won a Golden Globe Award for her acting role in the television series American Horror Story: Hotel in 2016. Gaga played the female lead, Ally, in the 2018 movie A Star Is Born, where she stars alongside Bradley Cooper. She additionally portrays Patrizia Reggiani in the 2021 Ridley Scott film, House of Gucci.
1986–2004: Early life
Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta was born at the Hospital Northwell Health in Upper East Side, New York City, on March 28, 1986. She is the oldest daughter of Joseph Germanotta, an internet businessman, and Cynthia (née Bissett). She has a younger sister named Natali, who is a fashion student. Lady Gaga is of Italian (her paternal grandfather was from Naso, in the province of Messina and he came up to the United States on 1908) and French Canadian ancestry. She learned to play piano at the age of four. She wrote her first piano song at 13. She started performing live by age 14. At the age of 11, Gaga went to the Convent of the Sacred Heart. This is a private Roman Catholic school on Manhattan's Upper East Side. Her family wasn't rich. She has said that her parents "both came from lower-class families, so we've worked for everything my mother worked eight to eight out of the house, in telecommunications, and so did my father." In high school, Gaga played lead roles in Guys and Dolls and in A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum. Gaga said her high school life was "very dedicated, very studious, very disciplined". She also said that it was "insecure". She said in an interview that, "I didn’t fit in, and I felt like a freak."
Gaga was 17 when she went to New York University's Tisch School of the Arts. She lived in a NYU dorm on 11th Street. She studied music. She helped to write essays on art, religion, social issues and politics. Gaga felt that she was more creative than some of her classmates. "Once you learn how to think about art, you can teach yourself," she said. By the second semester of her sophomore year, she left school to focus on her musical career. Her father agreed to pay her rent for a year, if she agreed to go back to Tisch if she failed. "I left my entire family, got the cheapest apartment I could find, and ate shit until somebody would listen," she said. Gaga has said she has had bulimia and anorexia since she was 15.
2005–07: Career beginnings
In 2005, Gaga began a band called the Stefani Germanotta Band. The band played in local dive bars during 2005-2007 where they performed her debut EP, Red and Blue. Gaga revisited these locations during her Dive Bar Tour during 2016.
2008 – January 2011: The Fame and The Fame Monster
Gaga started her creative team, the Haus of Gaga, in 2008. On August 19, 2008, her first album The Fame was released. It included the hit singles "Just Dance" (featuring Colby O'Donis), "Poker Face", "LoveGame", and "Paparazzi". The first two singles became number-one hits for Gaga in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and several other countries. Gaga's follow-up EP, The Fame Monster, was released on November 18, 2009. It contained the singles "Bad Romance", "Telephone" (featuring R&B singer Beyoncé), and "Alejandro". They became hits worldwide. All seven of these songs got into the top ten of the US Billboard Hot 100. The first six reached number one on Billboard's Mainstream Top 40/Pop Songs chart. January 1 2011 Lady Gaga Announced to return music for !ore than 1 year
2011–2014: Born This Way, Artpop, and Cheek to Cheek
On November 6, 2013, her third studio album, Artpop, was released and became Gaga's second American number-one album. The song "Applause" was released as  Artpop' s lead single and reached number 4 in the US and Canada, while peaking within the top ten around the world. The second single, "Do What U Want", featuring R&B singer R. Kelly, was released as the album's second single, peaking at number 13 in America, number 9 in the UK, and number 3 in Canada. A remixed version of the song featuring American singer Christina Aguilera was released on New Year's Day, 2014. Gaga released the third single, "GUY.", in March 2014. It peaked at number 76 on the Billboard Hot 100.
In September 2014, Gaga released a collaborative album with jazz artist Tony Bennett titled Cheek to Cheek. Two singles have been released, "Anything Goes" and "I Can't Give You Anything but Love".
2015: American Horror Story: Hotel and The Hunting Ground
Throughout that year, Gaga toured with Tony Bennett to promote Cheek to Cheek. Gaga also starred in the FX series, American Horror Story: Hotel.
For her role in American Horror Story, Gaga won a Golden Globe Award.
2016–17: Joanne and Super Bowl LI halftime show
Gaga performed the National Anthem of the United States at Super Bowl 50 on February 7, 2016.
Gaga released her fifth studio album, Joanne, on October 21, 2016. The style of the album is very different compared to her previous music. It entered at number one on the Billboard 200, and it became Gaga's fourth number-one album of the 2010's decade (2010-19). She worked with producer RedOne again on Joanne, along with artists like Mark Ronson, Beck, and country songwriter Hillary Lindsey. The album includes the singles "Perfect Illusion" and "Million Reasons". The first single reached the top twenty around the world. The second reached as high as #52 in the US when it first charted.
Onsala
Onsala is a locality located in Kungsbacka Municipality, Sweden.
Lady Gaga
2016–17: Joanne and Super Bowl LI halftime show
Gaga performed in the Super Bowl LI (51) Halftime Show on February 5, 2017, in Houston, Texas. This became the most-watched halftime show in history across all platforms (the second-most watched on television, behind Katy Perry's 2015 halftime show). After Gaga's performance, "Million Reasons" entered the Billboard Hot 100 again at number four, tying the record for the highest re-entry on the Hot 100. It became her 14th top-ten hit and her 10th top-five in the US. It was later certified Platinum by the RIAA.
After Beyoncé announced that she could not perform the Coachella Festival due to her expecting twins, it was revealed that Gaga would perform instead. She performed her old hits along with a new song, "The Cure", that was released the next day. It reached number one on the iTunes charts of 62 countries on the day it was released.
Ypsilanti, Michigan
Ypsilanti (, often mispronounced  ), commonly shortened to Ypsi, is a city in Washtenaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is known as the home of Eastern Michigan University. As of the 2010 census, the city's population was 21,018. Ypsilanti is located 6 miles (10 km) east of Ann Arbor and about 18 miles (29 km) west of the Detroit city limits.
Lady Gaga
2016–17: Joanne and Super Bowl LI halftime show
On November 19, 2017, Gaga performed "The Cure" from the Joanne World Tour during the 2017 American Music Awards. She won the award for Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist later that night.
2018–19: A Star Is Born, Lady Gaga Enigma, and Haus Laboratories
Gaga starred in a remake of the film A Star Is Born alongside Bradley Cooper, which was released on October 5, 2018. Two singles from the movie's soundtrack were released: "Shallow" (with Bradley Cooper) and "Always Remember Us This Way". "Shallow" topped charts in Australia and the UK while initially reaching the top five in the US and Canada. It won two Grammy Awards for Best Song Written for Visual Media and Best Pop Duo/Group Performance. The soundtrack entered at number one on the Billboard 200 album chart, giving Gaga the most number-one albums in the 2010's decade for a woman (with five US number-one albums).
Gaga is currently performing in a residency show in Las Vegas at the MGM Park Theater, called Lady Gaga Enigma. It began on December 28, 2018.
In February 2019, it was reported that Gaga and Christian Carino, her boyfriend of two years, had called off their engagement. Later that month, Gaga won her first Academy Award, known as an Oscar, in the Best Original Song category for "Shallow". She performed the song alone at the 61st Grammy Awards but joined with Cooper at the Oscars. After the Oscars performance, the song became Gaga's fourth number-one hit on the Billboard Hot 100 and Cooper's first.
On March 12, 2019, Gaga responded on Twitter to tabloid rumors that she was pregnant, writing, "Rumors I'm pregnant? Yeah, I'm pregnant with #LG6," referring to her sixth studio album.
On May 6, 2019, Gaga was one of the chairpersons of the Met Gala, a yearly dinner held by Vogue editor-in-chief Anna Wintour at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. It is known for its celebrity guests and themes. The 2019 theme was Camp: Notes on Fashion. Gaga wore four layers: a long fuchsia coat with a hair bow, a black gown, a fuchsia dress, and black lingerie.
In July 2019, Gaga revealed her beauty collection, called Haus Laboratories. It was released for pre-order on its website and Amazon, whose Prime Day sale occurred July 15 and 16 of that year.
2020–present: Chromatica, Love for Sale, and House of Gucci
On April 18, 2020, Gaga performed the song "Smile" as part of the TV special One World: Together at Home, which featured appearances from many entertainers, such as Jennifer Lopez, Beyoncé, Taylor Swift, and Elton John. The program, which was organized by Gaga and Global Citizen in an effort to raise money for those affected by COVID-19, raised over $127 million. It earned the Guinness World Record for "Most Money Raised for Charity by a Remote Music Festival."
On May 22, a week before the album's new release date, she released "Rain on Me", a duet with Ariana Grande, as the album's second single. It entered at the top of the Billboard Hot 100, giving Gaga her fifth number-one song in the US.
Chromatica entered at the top of the Billboard 200 album chart in the US, giving Gaga her sixth US number-one album. She also earned six number-one albums faster than any other female in Billboard history. Scheduled for 2020, the Chromatica Ball Tour was rescheduled for 2021 and then rescheduled a second time until 2022 because of the coronavirus pandemic.
On August 30, 2020, at the MTV Video Music Awards, Gaga won the first Tricon Award, along with Artist and Song of the Year and Best Collaboration and Best Cinematography for "Rain on Me". With these five wins, Gaga's career VMA awards total 18.
Gaga released a short film for the Chromatica song "911" on September 18, 2020.
Gaga performed the US national anthem at the inauguration of President Joe Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris on January 20, 2021.
On March 14, 2021, "Rain on Me" won the Grammy Award for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance. Chromatica was nominated for Best Pop Vocal Album.
Gaga appeared in the 2021 Apple TV+ documentary series The Me You Can't See, which was executive-produced by Oprah Winfrey and Prince Harry. It discusses the topic of mental health. In one episode, Gaga revealed that she had been raped and left pregnant by a music producer at the age of 19 and was threatened that her music would be burned if she did not take off her clothes.
The Chromatica remix album, Dawn of Chromatica, was released September 3, 2021. It features collaborations from several artists.
Originally scheduled for a spring 2021 release, Gaga's second album with Tony Bennett, Love for Sale, was released October 1, 2021. Their cover of Cole Porter's "I Get a Kick Out of You" was released August 3, 2021, Bennett's 95th birthday.
Gaga stars as Patrizia Reggiani (with Adam Driver as Maurizio Gucci) in the Ridley Scott-directed film House of Gucci, released November 24, 2021.
On April 3, 2022, Love for Sale won the Grammy Awards for Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album and Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical. Since the second award is an engineer's award, this brings Gaga's total Grammy wins to 13. The album and its single "I Get a Kick Out of You" were nominated in four further categories.
2021 dognapping
On February 24, 2021, it was reported that Ryan Fischer, a friend of Gaga, was in Hollywood walking Gaga's three French bulldogs: Asia, Gustav, and Koji. Two men exited a white car, and Fischer was shot four times in the chest; Gustav and Koji were stolen. Asia was rescued by the Los Angeles Police Department. Fischer was sent to the hospital, and it was announced later that he would fully recover. Gaga, while filming a movie in Italy, announced a $500,000 reward for anyone who turned in the dogs.
Two days later, the dogs were turned in to a Los Angeles police station, unharmed, and returned to one of Gaga's representatives.
Fashion and style
Gaga has a striking fashion sense. The New York Post said her early look was like "a refugee from Jersey Shore" with "big black hair, heavy eye makeup and tight, revealing clothes." Gaga has naturally brown hair. She bleached her hair blonde so she wouldn't look like Amy Winehouse.
LGBT fans
Much of Gaga's early success is due to her gay fans. She is often called a "rising gay icon." Early in her career she had trouble being played on the radio, and stated, "The turning point for me was the gay community. I've got so many gay fans and they're so loyal to me and they really lifted me up. They'll always stand by me and I'll always stand by them. It's not an easy thing to create a fanbase."
Francesco Maria de' Medici, Duke of Rovere and Montefeltro
Francesco Maria de' Medici (12 November 1660 – 3 February 1711) was an Italian political leader, Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and Duke of Rovere and Montefeltro.
Early life
In 1683 he was made governor of Siena.
Cardinal
In 1686, Pope Innocent XII made him a cardinal. In 1709, he was permitted to give up his role as cardinal on 14 July 1709 the same year.
Duke
In March 1694, he inherited to the Duchies of Rovere and Montefeltro.
Medici died at the Bagno a Ripoli in 1711.