cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Yuri Gagarin
Selection and training
In 1960, after the search and selection process, Yuri Gagarin was selected with 19 other space explorers for the Soviet space program. Along with the other soon to be space explorers, he was tested by experiments made to test his physical and psychological score; he also underwent training for the upcoming flight. Out of the twenty originally selected, the final choice for the first launch was between Gagarin and Gherman Titov because of their performance in training, as well as their physical fitness.
Medullary ray
In botany, medullary rays (pith rays or wood rays) are sheets or ribbons of cells running from the inside of the plant to the outside. That is, they run at right angles to the xylem and phloem, which run vertically. While the plant is alive, these medullary cells are alive. They carry nutrients (sap) towards the surface of the tree.
Yuri Gagarin
Spaceflight
On 12 April 1961, Gagarin became the first man to travel into space, launching to orbit aboard the Vostok 3KA-3 (Vostok 1). His call sign in this flight was Kedr (Cedar; Кедр). During his flight, Gagarin famously whistled the song "The Motherland Hears, The Motherland Knows" (Родина слышит, Родина знает). The first two lines of the song are: "The Motherland hears, the Motherland knows/Where her son flies in the sky". This song was written by Dmitri Shostakovich in 1951 (opus 86), with words by Yevgeniy Dolmatovsky.
Carme group
Their semi-major axes (distances from Jupiter) range between 22,900,000 and 24,100,000 km, their inclinations between 164.9° and 165.5°, and their orbital eccentricities between 0.23 and 0.27 (with one exception).
Medullary ray
The function of medullary rays is to carry chemicals which fight invasion by insects and fungi, and block any damaged areas. The cells deposit tannins and resins which block up the damaged area. This process is called tylosis.
Yuri Gagarin
Spaceflight
Around the same time, some Western people claimed that Gagarin, during his space flight, had made the comment, "I don't see any God up here." However, no such words appear in the direct record of Gagarin's talk with the Earth during the spaceflight. In a 2006 interview a close friend of Gagarin, Colonel Valentin Petrov, said that Gagarin never said such words, and that the phrase came from Nikita Khrushchev's speech at the fullness of the Central Committee of the CPSU, where the anti-religious propaganda was talked about. In a certain context Khrushchev said, "Gagarin flew into space, but didn't see any God there."
Carme group
The core members include (from biggest to smallest):
Yuri Gagarin
Spaceflight
The Earth is blue [...] How wonderful. It is amazing.
1601
1601 was a common year.
Carme group
Origin
The Carme group may once have been a single body that was broken apart by an impact. Further support to the single body origin comes from the known colours: all the moons appear light red, and infrared spectra, similar to D-type asteroids.
Suru Valley
Suru valley has 25,000 by people of Dard and Tibetan descent. The majority of the people are followers of Shi'a Islam, having converted from Tibetan Buddhism in the 16th century under the direction of Thi-Namgyal. Buddhists in the Suru valley live throughout the valley, but are mainly in Rangdum.
Yuri Gagarin
Fame and later life
After the flight, Gagarin became a world-famous celebrity. He toured in many places like in Italy, the United Kingdom, Germany, Canada, and Japan. He did this to promote the Soviet Union achievements.
In 1962, he began serving as a deputy to the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. He later came back to Star City. While there, he worked on designs for a reusable spacecraft. Gagarin worked on these designs in Star City for seven years. He became Lieutenant Colonel (or Podpolkovnik) of the Soviet Air Force on 12 June 1962. Then on 6 November 1963 he got the rank of Colonel (Polkovnik) of the Soviet Air Force. Soviet people tried to keep him away from any flights, being worried of losing their hero in an accident. Gagarin was backup pilot for Vladimir Komarov in the Soyuz 1 flight. As Komarov's flight ended in a deadly crash, Gagarin was banned from training for and helping out in further spaceflight/s.
Death
Gagarin then became deputy training director of the Star City cosmonaut training base. At the same time, he began to re-join as a fighter pilot. On 27 March 1968, while on a routine training flight from Chkalovsky Air Base, he and flight instructor Vladimir Seryogin died in a MiG-15UTI crash near the town of Kirzhach. Gagarin and Seryogin were buried in the walls of the Kremlin on Red Square.
People are not sure what caused the crash, but a 1986 investigation thinks that the turbulence from a Su-11 'Fishpot-C' interceptor using its afterburners may have caused Gagarin's plane to go out of control.
Russian documents opened to the public in March 2003 showed that the KGB had changed their own investigation of the accident. In addition to this, one government and two military investigations. The KGB's report removed many conspiracy thoughts, instead of showing the actions of air base personnel added to the crash. The report says that an air traffic controller made Gagarin have old weather information. But by that time of his flight, conditions had become very bad. Ground crew also left fuel tanks on the aircraft. Gagarin's planned flight needed good weather and no outboard tanks. The investigation ended, saying that Gagarin's aircraft entered a spin, either because of a bird strike or because of a sudden move to avoid another aircraft. Because of the old weather report, the crew thought their altitude to be higher than it actually was, and could not properly react to bring the MiG-15 out of its spin.
In his 2004 book Two Sides of the Moon, Alexey Leonov tells that he was flying a helicopter in the same area that day when he heard "two loud booms in the distance." His thought was that the Sukhoi jet was flying below its minimum allowed altitude, and "without realizing it because of the terrible weather conditions, he passed within 10 or 20 meters of Yuri and Seregin's plane while breaking the sound barrier." The resulting turbulence would have sent the MiG into an uncontrolled spin. Leonov thinks the first boom he heard was that of the jet breaking the sound barrier, and the second was Gagarin's plane crashing.
Antonov An-8
Antonov An-8 (Russian: Антонов Ан-8; NATO reporting name: Camp) was a Soviet twin-turboprop, high-wing aircraft designed by Antonov.
Discovery Life
Discovery Life is an American cable television network owned by Warner Bros. Discovery.
Blue cheese
Uses
Blue cheese is commonly used in salad dressing, or Salad. It is not commonly used in sandwiches.
Spanish grammar
Spanish grammar is the rules for speaking and writing in the Spanish language. It is similar to the grammar of other Romance languages.
Verbs
Verbs in Spanish belong to one of three classes: -ar, -er, and -ir.
Verbs are conjugated (changed) depending on tense and person. That means a verb talking about the past will have a different form than a verb about something happening right now.
Nouns
In Spanish, every noun has a gender, either masculine or feminine.
Adjectives
Adjectives usually go after the noun they describe and change depending on number and person.
Transaction cost
Transportation cost- In order to ensure price in the market, it is assumed that the transportation costs are zero. A producer can sell his product at any place and buyer can buy it from the place he like.
Cypriot First Division
The Cypriot First Division is the top division of association football in Cyprus. It is organized by the Cyprus Football Association. Since February 2016, it is sponsored by Cyta and thus officially known as Cyta Championship.
Primitive communism
Primitive communism is a term that was used by Karl Marx and Fredrich Engels to describe hunter-gatherer societies and how they shared resources among each other. Primitive means in the early stages of development, so primitive communism is an early form of communism.
Traits
In a primitive communist society, there is no extra stuff for people to hoard. Instead, things like food and housing are shared equally among all members of the community. There was no such thing as money. Also, everyone in a primitive communist society had to help get food. There was no authoritarianism and no concept of a state. Instead, everyone has an equal say in what goes on in the society. This is called egalitarianism.
Agriculture led to the creation of the private ownership of land. The extra food that could be grown meant that some people didn't have to work to get food. These people started to get other jobs and that led to the creation of social class. This is when people started thinking that some jobs were more important than others and when slavery became a thing.
Marxism
Marx and Engels got the idea of primitive communism from an American man named Lewis H. Morgan. Morgan did a lot of research on the Iroquois people, who lived in big groups and shared everything that they grew, hunted, and gathered. Marx and Engels thought that the Iroquois lived in a society that had communist traits.
Li Hsing
Li Hsing (20 May 1930 – 19 August 2021) was a Taiwanese movie director. He directed more than 30 movies between 1959 and 1986. Li was born in Shanghai, China. His best known movies were Our Neighbors (1963), Oyster Girl (1964), Beautiful Duckling (1964), Execution in Autumn (1972), He Never Gives Up (1978) and The Heroic Pioneers (1986).
Li died on 19 August 2021 in Taipei, Taiwan of heart failure at the age of 91.
False confession
In law, a confession is when somebody admits that he or she has committed a crime or a felony, which is punishable. In a false confession, the person admits he or she has committed a crime or a felony, but this is not true. False confessions occur regularly. In general, there are three reasons, why they occur:
Limburg mijn Vaderland
"Limburg, mijn Vaderland" ("Limburg, my Fatherland") is the anthem of two regions, Dutch Limburg and Belgian Limburg.
Savonlinna
Savonlinna is a town in Finland. The population was almost 36,250 in January 2014. Neighbouring municipalities are Enonkoski, Heinävesi, Kitee, Liperi, Parikkala, Rantasalmi, Ruokolahti, Rääkkylä, Sulkava and Varkaus. Some parts of central Savonlinna has been built over islands. Over one-third of the area is water or islands.
The former municipalities of Kerimäki and Punkaharju were merged with Savonlinna in 2013.
Limburg mijn Vaderland
Lyrics
Most of the time only the first verse is sung, plus the second one sometimes. The fourth verse is not sung in Belgium because it talks about the strong ties between the Netherlands and the House of Orange-Nassau.
International Baseball Federation
The International Baseball Federation (IBAF; Spanish: Federación Internacional de Béisbol, French: Fédération internationale de baseball) is the former worldwide sports organization recognized by the International Olympic Committee. They were in charge of deciding and executing the policy of the sport of baseball.
Quiet storm
Quiet storm is a late-night radio format that plays slow soul music. It developed in the 1970s in Washington, D.C.
Poznań Fortress
Poznań Fortress (in Polish: Twierdza Poznań, in German: Festung Posen) was a set of fortifications in the city of Poznań in western Poland, built under Prussian rule in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was one of largest systems of its kind in Europe.
Lego House
"Lego House" is a 2011 song by English singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran and is the third single from his debut studio album +. It went to the top 20 in Australia, Belgium, Ireland, Israel, Lebanon, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. It also peaked at number 42 in the United States and number 54 in Canada.
Ulvkälla
Ulvkälla is a locality in Härjedalen Municipality in Jämtland County in Sweden. In 2010, 456 people lived here.
Gaius Caesar
Gaius Julius Caesar (20 BC–4 AD) was one of two brothers adopted by the first Roman emperor, Augustus. Both died in their early twenties, clearing the path for Tiberius. Gaius Caesar had achieved the rank of Consul before his death.
Carl Icahn
Business career
In the 1980s Icahn became known as a "corporate raider" after profiting from the hostile takeover and asset stripping of the American airline TWA.
Icahn has held many controlling positions in many corporations, including RJR Nabisco, TWA, Texaco, Phillips Petroleum, Western Union, Gulf & Western, Viacom, Uniroyal, Dan River, Marshall Field's, E-II (Culligan and Samsonite), American Can, USX, Marvel Comics, Revlon, Imclone, Federal-Mogul, Fairmont Hotels, Blockbuster, Kerr-McGee, Time Warner, Netflix, Motorola, and Herbalife.
Rand Beers
Rand Beers (born November 30, 1942) is an American government official. He was Deputy Homeland Security Advisor to the President of the United States during the Barack Obama administration.
Carl Icahn
Political roles
Icahn endorsed Donald Trump for the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Trump announced in October 2015 that he would nominate Icahn for Treasury Secretary if he were to be elected. However, this position went to Steve Mnuchin instead.
Peter Plympton Smith
Peter Plympton Smith (born October 31, 1945) is a former member of the United States House of Representatives from the U.S. state of Vermont, the 74th Lieutenant Governor of Vermont, and an education administrator.
Rand Beers
He also was acting United States Secretary of Homeland Security following the resignation of Secretary Janet Napolitano on September 6, 2013, until Jeh Johnson replaced her on December 23, 2013.
Governor-General of The Bahamas
The Governor General of the Commonwealth of the Bahamas is the representative of the Bahamian Monarch (currently Queen Elizabeth II). The Governor General is responsible for selecting the Prime Minister.
Carl Icahn
Personal life
From 1979 through 1999, Icahn was married to Liba Trejbal. In 1999, he married Gail Golden. He has two children including businessman Brett Icahn.
Peter Plympton Smith
He served as the founding president of the Community College of Vermont, the founding president of California State University, Monterey Bay, and as assistant director general for education of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
Smith was one of thirty former Republican congressmen to sign a letter opposing Donald Trump's candidacy for president.
Peter Welch
Peter Francis Welch (born May 2, 1947) is an American politician and member of the Democratic Party. Welch is the junior U.S. Senator from Vermont since 2023. He was the U.S. Representative for Vermont's At-large congressional district from 2007 to 2023.
In 2016, Welch supported U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders for the Democratic nomination for President. He supported him again in 2020.
SOS
From the beginning, the SOS distress signal has actually been a continuous sequence of three-dits/three-dahs/three-dits, all run together without letter spacing. In International Morse Code, three dits form the letter S, and three dahs make the letter O, so "SOS" became an easy way to remember the correct order of the dits and dahs. In modern terminology, SOS is a "procedural signal" or "prosign", and the formal way to write it is with a bar above the letters. It should be written SOS.
In popular usage, SOS became associated with phrases such as "Save Our Souls," "Save our Ship", and others. It is mostly known by "Save Our Ship". However, these phrases were a later development, most likely as a Mnemonic to help remember the correct letters—something known as a backronym. In reality the signal SOS is not an acronym and doesn't stand for anything.
Many songs have been made of the distress signal SOS, such as Message in a Bottle by The Police, "SOS" by ABBA, "SOS" by Rihanna, "S.O.S." by the Jonas Brothers, "Stranger" by Gamma, "S.O.S" by The Suicide Machines, "S.O.S" by Ola Svensson and "SOS" by Avicii.
Early developments
Before radio communication was developed in the early 1890s, seagoing ships had already adopted many different visual and audio distress signals. They used such things as semaphore flags, signal flares, bells, and foghorns. In the beginning, radio was called wireless telegraphy. It used Morse code, the dit-and-dah system originally developed for landline telegraphy.When radio communication was made available to ships, there was a need for standardized communication. Cooperation was somewhat limited by national differences and rivalries between different radio companies.
The first International Radiotelegraphic Conference was held in Berlin, Germany in 1903. At the time, Captain Quintino Bonomo, an Italian representative, discussed the need for common operating procedures. He also had the suggestion that "ships in distress... should send the signal SSS DDD at intervals of a few minutes", according to "The Wireless Telegraph Conference", in the November 27, 1903, issue of The Electrician. Question on how to do things were beyond the scope of the 1903 Conference. Although Article IV of the Conference's Final Protocol, signed August 13, 1903, said that "Wireless telegraph stations should unless practically impossible, give priority to calls for help received from ships at sea," no standard signal was adopted at the time.
Because there were no international regulations, each ship was left to develop its own practices. For example in 1905 the crew of a sinking lightship off Nantucket transmitted the word "HELP" to call for rescue. Perhaps the first international radio distress call adopted was "CQD" ( — · — ·   — — · —    — · · ). This was announced on January 7, 1904 by "Circular 57" of the Marconi International Marine Communication Company. It became effective for Marconi installations on February 1, 1904. Another suggestion appeared in the 1906 edition of S. S. Robison's "Manual of Wireless Telegraphy for the Use of Naval Electricians," published for use by the United States Navy. This stated that the standard visual flag signals, known as the International Code of Signals, would likely also be adopted for radio use. Therefore, the flag signal "NC" ( — ·    — · — · ), which stood for "In distress; want immediate assistance", would also likely become the radio distress call.
SOS created in Germany
A third standard resulted in the creation of the SOS distress signal. The German government issued a set of national radio regulations. These were used from April 1, 1905. They introduced three new Morse code sequences, including the SOS distress signal:
SOS was developed from the general German radio call "SOE", with the 3 dits of a "S" easier to hear in static than the one dit of an "E". The string has no other meaning. It was also selected because it is easy to recognize and can be sent rapidly. Comparing SOS (di-di-di-dah-dah-dah-di-di-dit) with the older CQD (dah-di-dah-dit dah-dah-di-dah dah-di-dit) (— ·—· /—— ·—/—· ·) it is obvious how much simpler the new code is. It would not be mistaken for CQ,either. CQ is the radio code for "calling anyone" used in casual circumstances.
In 1906, the second International Radiotelegraphic Convention was held in Berlin. This convention developed many Service Regulations to be added to the main agreement, which was signed on November 3, 1906, and became effective on July 1, 1908. Article XVI of the regulations adopted Germany's Notzeichen distress signal as the international standard, reading: "Ships in distress shall use the following signal: · · · — — — · · ·  repeated at brief intervals". The first ship to transmit an SOS distress call appears to have been the Cunard liner Slavonia on June 10, 1909, according to "Notable Achievements of Wireless" in the September, 1910 Modern Electrics. However, there was some resistance among the Marconi operators about adopting the new signal, and, as late as the April, 1912 sinking of the RMS Titanic, the ship's Marconi operators intermixed CQD and SOS distress calls. But with the need for consistency for public safety, the use of CQD appears to have generally disappeared after this point.
In both the April 1, 1905 German law, and the 1906 International regulations, the distress signal was specified as a continuous Morse code sequence of three-dits/three-dahs/three-dits, with no mention of any alphabetic equivalents. However, in International Morse three dits make the letter S, and three dahs the letter O, and it soon became common to refer to the distress signal as "SOS." An early report on "The International Radio-Telegraphic Convention" in the January 12, 1907 Electrical World said that "Vessels in distress use the special signal, SOS, repeated at short intervals." (In American Morse code, which was used by many coastal ships in the United States through the first part of the twentieth century, three dahs stood for the numeral "5", so in a few cases the distress signal was informally referred to as "S5S").
In contrast to CQD, which was sent as three separate letters with spaces between each letter, the SOS distress call has always been transmitted as a continuous sequence of dits-and-dahs, and not as individual letters. There was no problem as long as operators were aware that "SOS" was technically just a convenient way for remembering the proper sequence of the distress signal's total of nine dits and dahs. In later years, the number of special Morse symbols increased. In order to designate the proper sequence of dits-and-dahs for a long special symbol, the standard practice is to list alphabetic characters which contain the same dits-and-dahs in the same order, with a bar atop the character sequence to indicate that there should not be any internal spaces in the transmission. Thus, under the modern notation, the distress signal becomes SOS. (In International Morse, VTB, IJS and SMB , among others, would also correctly translate into the · · · — — — · · ·  distress call sequence, but traditionally only SOS is used).
SOS has also sometimes been used as a visual distress signal, consisting of three-short/three-long/three-short light flashes, or with "SOS" spelled out in individual letters, for example, stamped in a snowbank or formed out of logs on a beach. The fact that SOS can be read right side up as well as upside down became important for visual recognition if viewed from above.
Later developments
Additional warning and distress signals were introduced after SOS. On January 20, 1914, the London International Convention on Safety of Life at Sea adopted the Morse code signal TTT ( — —  —), three letter T's (—) spaced correctly as three letters so as not to be confused with the letter O (- - -), as the "Safety Signal," used for messages to ships "involving safety of navigation and being of an urgent character." When radio transmitters that could send audio were developed, there was a need for a spoken distress phrase, and "Mayday" was adopted by the 1927 International Radio Convention as the equivalent of SOS. For TTT the equivalent audio signals are "Pan-pan" for urgency and "Securite" for navigational safety.
During the Second World War, additional codes were used to include immediate details about attacks by enemy vessels, especially in the Battle of the Atlantic. The signal SSS signalled attacked by submarines, whilst RRR warned of an attack by a surface raider, QQQ warned of an unknown raider (usually an auxiliary cruiser), and AAA indicated an attack by aircraft. They were usually sent in conjunction with the SOS distress code. All of these codes later switched from three repeats of the letter to four repeats ("RRRR", etc.).
Seniority in the United States Senate
Seniority in the United States Senate is the value of a senator based on his/her service. There are two senators per state. The one senator that served more years is called the Senior senator. The one who served less is called the Junior senator.
Harmony Korine
Harmony Korine (born January 4, 1973) is an American movie director, screenwriter, and actor, best known for writing Kids (1995), directed by Larry Clark. He then went on to both write and direct the movies Gummo (1997), Julien Donkey-Boy (1999), Mister Lonely (2007), Trash Humpers (2009), Spring Breakers (2012) and The Beach Bum (2019). He also wrote the drama movie Ken Park (2002), also directed by Clark.
Early life
Korine was born in Bolinas, California on January 4, 1973. He grew up in Nashville, Tennessee. He is Jewish.
Personal life
Korine has been married to actress Rachel Korine (née Simon) since 2007. The couple have a daughter, Lefty Bell.
Rudeus Greyrat
References
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Single-stage-to-orbit
A single-stage-to-orbit (abbreviated as SSTO) is a hypothetical spacecraft. It can reach space from the surface of a planet without expending major pieces of the craft (such as engines, fuel tanks, or wings). As of November 2022, no SSTOs have successfully made it to space from Earth's surface; all space launches so far have been performed by rockets with multiple stages.
Advantages
SSTOs have been supposed to hold many advantages over rockets. The main one is their reusability. Most launch systems are expendable (meaning that they are used once and not reused or recovered), with some exception of partially reusable launch systems (such as NASA's Space Shuttle or SpaceX's Falcon Heavy). Such partially reusable launch systems have significantly reduced many peoples' interest in SSTOs, because they dramatically lower launch costs using already proven technology that doesn't need expensive development.
Technical issues
It is generally considered possible for a rocket-powered SSTO to reach Earth orbit, so long as the many technical challenges with SSTOs can be solved sometime in the future. The main complications with SSTOs are:
Teodor Meleșcanu
He was a three times senator for the National Liberal Party (PNL), Minister of Defense between 2007 and 2008, and Minister of Foreign Affairs between 1992 and 1996, in November 2014 and since January 2017 to July 2019.
Single-stage-to-orbit
Technical issues
All of these challenges have to be solved, made to work in a singular vehicle with little to no expenditure of hardware, and with some breathing room left over for the weight of the craft's payload. Doing so is a hard challenge. Scientists have been finding solutions for decades.
Costs
Assuming these challenges can be solved, it is likely that the regular maintenance costs of an SSTO would be very high. This is for multiple reasons; not only would the craft need to be refueled after every flight, any hull damage sustained during flight (specifically atmospheric reentry) would need to be fixed with absolute precision and no mistakes, every time, in order to prevent a catastrophic failure of the craft.
Teodor Meleșcanu
In September 2019, he was elected President of the Senate of Romania, but on 22 January 2020, the Constitutional Court of Romania found that the election was unconstitutional, and he resigned as president of the Senate on 3 February 2020.
Single-stage-to-orbit
Costs
To reach the speeds needed to achieve Earth orbit in one stage, an SSTO would have to take advantage of highly advanced propulsion technology, such as scramjets or hybrid-cycle rocket engines.
Rovaniemi
Rovaniemi is a town in Lapland, in northern Finland. Rovaniemi is very close to the Arctic Circle. The population was over 61,000 in January 2014. The area is huge in typical European scale. Neigbouring municipalities are Kittilä, Sodankylä, Kolari, Pello, Ylitornio, Tervola, Ranua, Posio, Kemijärvi and Pelkosenniemi.
Single-stage-to-orbit
Proposed SSTOs
Multiple SSTO concepts have been purported, and some have even begun the early stages of development.
Rovaniemi
On 1 January 2006, Rovaniemen maalaiskunta (Rural municipality of Rovaniemi) was merged into a single municipality.
Frankfort, Indiana
Frankfort is a city in the state of Indiana, in the United States.
Single-stage-to-orbit
Skylon
The Skylon is a proposed SSTO that was first revealed in 1993. The Skylon would be propelled by two hybrid-cycle rocket engines. They are called SABRE engines. The SABRE engines would have two modes of operation: in atmosphere, they would act as airbreathing engines; at very high altitudes (approaching the edge of Earth's atmosphere), they would switch to a closed cycle rocket mode, using on-board liquid oxidizer to continue fuel combustion and propel the craft.
Skylon is still in very early development; very little funding for its development has been secured. A prototype functional SABRE engine has yet to be built.
Starship
Although not technically meant to be an SSTO, Elon Musk has said that the SpaceX Starship's upper stage could reach low Earth orbit on its own. It would, however, have little to no fuel left for orbital maneuvering or return to Earth's surface, no landing gear, no heat shield, and no usable payload.
Altenstadt (Feldkirch)
Altenstadt is a district of Feldkirch in Austria. The biggest and most important school in Feldkirch is there.
Elektra
Elektra of Mycenae was the daughter of King Agamemnon of Mycenae and Klytaimnestra. She had a brother, Orestes, and two sisters, Iphigeneia and Chrysothemis.
After the Trojan War, Agamemnon was killed by Klytaimnestra and her lover Aegisthos because Agamemnon sacrificed Iphigeneia for good winds to sail. Elektra helped Orestes to kill their mother Klytaimnestra and her lover, to avenge their father's death.
Bullet for My Valentine
Bullet for My Valentine often known as BFMV are a heavy metal band from Wales. They have released three albums on the major record label Sony BMG. These albums are entitled The Poison, Scream Aim Fire and Fever, released in 2006, 2008 and 2010 respectively. they also have a self-titled EP and DVD's of performances live from the O3 Brixton School.
NGC 55
NGC 55 is a Magellanic type barred spiral galaxy located about 6.5 million light years away in the constellation Sculptor. Along with its neighbor NGC 300, it is one of the closest galaxies to the Local Group, probably lying between the Milky Way and the Sculptor Group. It has an estimated mass of (2.0 ± 0.4) × 1010 M☉.
Botoșani County
Botoşani is a county (judeţ) of Romania, in Moldavia. The capital of Botoşani County is Botoşani.
Geography
Botoşani County has an area of 4,986 km².
Divisions
Botoşani County has 2 municipalities, 5 towns and 67 communes.
NGC 55
Nearby galaxies and group information
It is likely that NGC 55 and NGC 300 form a gravitationally bound pair.
N. Gregory Mankiw
Nicholas Gregory "Greg" Mankiw (born February 3, 1958) is a famous economist. He graduated from Princeton University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was an economic advisor for President George W. Bush from 2003-2005. In 2006, he became an economic adviser to Mitt Romney.
Publications
He wrote a widely used college textbook for economics called Principles of Economics, listing 10 principles that all economies run on:
His economic beliefs were influenced by John Maynard Keynes and he believes in Keynesian economics. He is sometimes labeled as a conservative because he supported George W. Bush's tax cuts and he has criticized the policies of the Obama Administration a few times. He also was influenced by the economist Arthur Pigou who believed that a high tax on something bad for society (called a sin tax) will result in fewer people buying it.
Ranking member
In United States politics, a ranking member is the most senior member of a congressional or state legislative committee from the minority party.
When party control of a legislative chamber changes, a committee's ranking minority member is likely, though not assured, to become the next chairman of the committee, and vice versa.
Rachel Korine
Rachel Anna Korine (née Simon; born April 4, 1986) is an American actress. She is married to director and screenwriter Harmony Korine. She is best known for starring in her husband's crime movie Spring Breakers (2012). She has also starred in the movies Mister Lonely (2007), Trash Humpers (2009), Septien (2011) and Men Go to Battle (2015). She played Junia in the Cinemax drama TV series The Knick from 2014 to 2015.
Korine was born in Nashville, Tennessee. She has been married to Harmony Korine since 2007. The couple have a daughter, Lefty Bell.
Cooking Papa
Cooking Papa (クッキングパパ) is seinen manga series created by Tochi Ueyama. The story is about a salaryman who can cook well. The manga won a Special Award at the 39th Kodansha Manga Awards. Full recipes for the dishes shown in each chapter are provided at the end of the chapter.
Drying rack
Drying rack is a rack used for drying clothes after they have been washed. It is also called a clothes horse or a clothes rack. It is usually located inside a house, as a replacement to a washing line, which is located outside.
An automated drying rack (also known variously as a automated drying rack, automatic laundry airer or automated laundry system) is a ceiling-mounted mechanism to dry clothes and is automated. In Singapore, it is often know as automated laundry rack.
Kärsämäki
Kärsämäki is a municipality in Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland. As of 28 February 2023, 2,467 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Haapajärvi, Haapavesi, Pyhäjärvi, Pyhäntä and Siikalatva.
Feminization of poverty
Feminization of poverty means today women are more likely to be poor than men, and the number of poor women is going up. Poverty means not having enough money for basic needs such as food, water, shelter, or toilets. There are several causes for the feminization of poverty.
White chocolate
White chocolate is a type of chocolate. White chocolate is made of cocoa butter, milk, and sugar. In the United States, white chocolate must be at least 20% cocoa butter, at least 14% total milk solids, at least 3.5% milk fat, and less than 55% sugar or other sweeteners. In the European Union, there must be at least 20% cocoa butter, at least 14% total milk solids and at least 3.5% milk fat.
Amy Deasismont
Amy Linnéa Deasismont, known as Amy Diamond, (born on April 15, 1992 in Norrköping) is a Swedish singer. At the young age of 16, she already has had a number of hits worldwide. On February 9, 2008, Diamond performed an entry in the Swedish Melodifestivalen in hopes of representing the Nordic country at Eurovision Song Contest in Belgrade, Serbia. She later did not win the finale but her entry became a hit in Sweden.
Marija Šerifović
Marija Šerifović (born November 14, 1984) is a singer who won the Eurovision Song Contest in 2007 with the ballad Molitva, which was sung in Serbian. She was born in Kragujevac, Serbia. Nina Badrić
Lobotomy
Lobotomy, also known as leucotomy, is a type of brain surgery. It was created in 1935 by António Egas Moniz, a Portuguese neurologist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1949 "for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses". The operation cut the connections from the pre-frontal cortex (front part of the frontal lobes) to the rest of the brain. At first it seemed a great success, but the operation is now rarely done.
He used the method for certain types of mental illness for which there was no other treatment. He first used it on patients with obsessive behaviour, which they repeated time and again. It was also used to treat other mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia and clinical depression.
The problem with lobotomies was that they forever changed a person's personality and behaviour. Sometimes, the results were beneficial: patients which had been violent became calm. But long-term studies, which were not done by Moniz, show some had severely damaged personalities. They often had very little 'drive' and motivation.
Today, antipsychotic drugs, like chlorpromazine, may treat the symptoms of such disorders. Lobotomies are not common today.
Social context
One question is why was such a dramatic surgical technique so widely accepted. It is generally agreed that psychiatrists wanted to find some way of helping thousands of patients in psychiatric hospitals in the twentieth century. Also, those same patients had little power to resist the increasingly radical and even reckless interventions of asylum doctors.
Indications and outcomes
According to the Psychiatric Dictionary in 1970: "Good results are obtained in about 40 percent of cases, fair results in some 35 percent and poor results in 25 percent. The mortality rate probably does not exceed 3 percent. Greatest improvement is seen in patients whose premorbid personalities were 'normal', cyclothymic, or obsessive compulsive; in patients with superior intelligence and good education; in psychoses with sudden onset and a clinical picture of affective symptoms of depression or anxiety, and with behaviouristic changes such as refusal of food, overactivity, and delusional ideas of a paranoid nature."
According to the same source, prefrontal lobotomy reduces: "anxiety feelings and introspective activities; and feelings of inadequacy and self-consciousness are thereby lessened. Lobotomy reduces the emotional tension associated with hallucinations and does away with the catatonic state. Because nearly all psychosurgical procedures have undesirable side effects, they are ordinarily resorted to only after all other methods have failed. The less disorganized the personality of the patient, the more obvious are post-operative side effects. ..."
"Convulsive seizures are reported as [effects] of prefrontal lobotomy in 5 to 10 percent of all cases. Such seizures are ordinarily well controlled with the usual anti-convulsive drugs. Post-operative blunting of the personality, apathy, and irresponsibility are the rule rather than the exception. Other side effects include distractibility, childishness, facetiousness, lack of tact or discipline, and post-operative incontinence."
Garrett, Indiana
Garrett is a city in the state of Indiana, in the United States.
Franklin, Indiana
Franklin is a city in the state of Indiana, in the United States.
Boaz Ma'uda
Boaz Mauda, born on the 23th of April, 1987 in Elyakim, Israel, is a singer and Pop Idol winner.
The Voice (TV series)
The Voice is a singing competition created in the Netherlands by producer John de Mol and singer Roel van Velzen. The show is now a franchise with countries across the globe hosting their own version. The show first aired on 17 September 2010.
Format
The way The Voice works is different in some countries, but most retain these rounds and rules. Kids versions are made as well. Almost anyone 8 and up can apply to be on the show. However, only contestants that are teenagers and up can apply to compete on the show where adults compete.
Note: Contestant & Artist mean the same thing.
Blind Auditions
A certain number of contestants perform, hoping to impress the coaches. The contestant(s) pick(s) a song to perform, and the judges listen to the contestant blindly, only judging their voice because they are turned away from the contestant, to avoid bias against certain people. If a coach likes a contestant's voice enough, the coach can press their button and they will turn around and see who the contestant is. The contestant does not stop performing until their song is over. If more than one coach turns, the contestant gets to decide which coach they would like to work with. If only one coach turns, the contestant just goes on their team after talking about the performance. If no coaches turn, the contestant is eliminated. Although the coaches do give advice to all contestants that perform. Once a coach's team has a certain number of artists, they may no longer add artists to their team.
Block
The block is a feature that prevents another coach from getting an artist. If a coach blocks, they must press their block button for that contestant, hit their button to turn around and see the contestant, and finally turn around before the coach they decide to block turns around. Only one block can be performed per performance. If a coach tries to block an artist that is already blocked, their block will not work.
Battles
In the battles, coaches decide to pair two artists from their team against each other, performing the same song in a "boxing ring" type arena. The paired artists train together with their coach to improve upon their skills. Each sings a different parts of a song, relay style. The artists perform at the same time in the battles. Once the song is over and the coaches make their comments, it is up to the contestant's coach to decide who is the winner of the battle. The winner advances to the knockouts. Coaches have saves and steals which they can use to save an artist on their team, or steal one from another team. However, these are limited.
Knockouts
In the knockouts, the remaining artists once again battle each other, however this time they work individually with their coach. Also, each artist performs their own song and they do not sing at the same time. Like the battles,Once the song is over and the coaches make their comments, it is up to the contestant's coach to decide who is the winner of the battle. The winner advances to the Live shows. Coaches usually only have steals in this round which they can steal an artist from another team. However, these are limited.
1500
Year 1500 (MD) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The year 1500 wasn't a leap year in the Proleptic Gregorian calendar.
The year was seen as being especially important by many Christians in Europe, who thought it would bring the beginning of the end of the world. Their belief was based on the phrase "half-time after the time", when the apocalypse was due to occur, which appears in the Book of Revelation and was seen as referring to 1500. This time was also just after the Old World's discovery of the Americas in 1492, and therefore was influenced greatly by the New World.[1]
Historically, the year 1500 is also often identified, somewhat arbitrarily, as marking the end of the Middle Ages and beginning of the Early Modern Era.
The end of this year marked the halfway point of the 2nd millennium, as there were 500 years before it and 500 years after it.
Steve Russell (computer scientist)
Stephen Russell (born 1937), also nicknamed "Slug", is an American computer scientist. He is best known for creating Spacewar! (1962), one of the earliest video games. He wrote the first two versions of the programming language Lisp for the IBM 704 mainframe computer.
Russell was born in Hartford, Connecticut. He went to Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire, from 1954 to 1958.
James Challis
James Challis (12 December 1803 – 3 December 1882) was an English clergyman, physicist and astronomer. Plumian Professor and director of the Cambridge Observatory, he investigated a wide range of physical phenomena though made few lasting contributions outside astronomy. He is best remembered for his missed opportunity to discover the planet Neptune in 1846.
Pasiphaë group
The Pasiphaë group is a group of retrograde non-spherical moons of Jupiter that follow similar orbits to Pasiphaë and are thought of have a common origin.
Their semi-major axes (distances from Jupiter) range between 22,800,000 and 24,100,000 km (the same range as the Carme group), their inclinations between 144.5° and 158.3°, and their eccentricities between 0.25 and 0.43. Core members of the group include (from the biggest to the smallest):
The International Astronomical Union (IAU) reserves names ending in -e for all retrograde moons, including this group's members.
Origin
The Pasiphaë group is believed to have been formed when Jupiter captured an asteroid which broke up after a collision. The original asteroid was not disturbed heavily: the original body is calculated to have been 60 km in diameter, about the same size as Pasiphaë; Pasiphaë has 99% of the original body's mass. However, if Sinope belongs to the group, the amount is much smaller, 87%.
The differences of colour between the objects (grey for Pasiphaë, light red for Callirrhoe and Megaclite) also suggest that the group could have a more complex origin than a single collision.
Gregorian calendar
The Gregorian calendar is the calendar that is used throughout most of the world. It began being used in 1582. It replaced the previous Julian calendar because the Julian calendar had an error: it added a leap year (with an extra day every four years) with no exceptions. The length of the Julian year was exactly 365.25 days (365 days and 6 hours), but the actual time it takes for the Earth to go around the Sun once is closer to 365.2425 days (about 365 days, 5 hours and 49 minutes). This difference is about eleven minutes each year.
The official change took place the following October, when Thursday, 4th was followed by Friday, 15th.
Months
The months of the Gregorian calendar year are, in order: If February has 28 days, then the year is 365 days long. If February has 29 days, then the year is called a leap year and it is 366 days long. A leap year usually happens once every four years. The most recent leap year was 2020, and the next leap year is 2024.
Adoption
The Pope's instruction only applied to the Catholic Church, countries made their own laws. But Europe's Catholic countries decided to follow his lead. Spain, Portugal, and Italy started to use the new calendar on Friday, October 15, 1582, following Julian Thursday, October 4, 1582. In Europe's Protestant countries, people feared that the new calendar was an attempt by the Catholic Church to silence their movement. Since the Great Schism, Europe's Eastern Orthodox churches also ignored the Pope's decision and many continue to use the Julian calendar even today.
British Empire
England and the rest of the British Empire (including what is now the US and Canada) adopted the Gregorian calendar in 1752. Because 1600 was a leap year in both calendars but the Julian calendar had a leap year in 1700 but the Gregorian calendar did not, this meant that eleven days needed to be skipped. Wednesday, September 2, 1752 was followed by Thursday, September 14, 1752.
Russia
In the USSR, the October Revolution of 1917 was celebrated in November. In 1917 the Russian Empire still used the old Julian calendar. Changing the calendar meant 365 days after the revolution started was now in November 1918.
Churches
In 1923 some Eastern Orthodox Churches changed to the Gregorian calendar. Christmas Day is the same as the Catholic and Protestant churches, but the date of Easter continues to be worked out differently.
Laurent Noël
Laurent Noël (March 19, 1920 – July 2, 2022) was a Canadian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was bishop of Diocese of Trois-Rivières from 1975 to 1996. Noël was born in Saint-Just-de-Bretenières, Quebec. He became a priest in 1944.
After the death of Damián Iguacén Borau on 24 November 2020, he became the oldest living Catholic bishop. After the death of Remi De Roo on 1 February 2022, he became the last surviving Canadian bishop to be part of the Second Vatican Council.