cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Guting metro station
Station layout information
Both station platforms are located underground. The Songshan-Xindian line platforms are stacked on top of each other, which is the same for the Zhonghe-Xinlu line platforms. This allows you to walk straight ahead to the front platform when transferring without having to walk long distances. Platform 1 is served by the Songshan-Xindian line and is for Songshan. Platform 2 is served by the Zhonghe-Xinlu line and is for Luzhou or Huilong. Platform 3 is served by the Songshan-Xindian line and is for Xindian or Taipower Building. Platform 4 is served by the Zhonghe-Xinlu line and is for Nanshijiao.
Kalbe Sadiq
Kalbe Sadiq (22 June 1939 – 24 November 2020) was an Islamic scholar, reformer, educator, philanthropist and preacher. He was born in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. He gave lectures mostly in the Islamic month of Muharram. He founded the Tauheedul Muslimeen Trust on 18 April 1984 that provided educational aid to poor students.
Sadiq died on 24 November 2020 at a hospital in Lucknow from pneumonia caused by colorectal cancer, aged 81.
Kongkham
Kongkham is a Meetei Manipuri surname or family name which has Indian origin. People of this family mainly inhabit in Manipur, India.
Montfavergier
Montfavergier was a municipality in the district of Franches-Montagnes in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2009, the former municipality of Montfavergier merged into the municipality of Montfaucon.
Anthony Smith (producer)
Professor Anthony Smith CBE (14 March 1938 – 28 November 2021) was a British broadcaster, author and academic. He was President of Magdalen College, Oxford, between 1988 and 2005. He worked for the Annan Committee on The Future of Broadcasting, and became engaged in the national debate which led to the foundation of the UK's Channel 4.
Smith died on 28 November 2021 in London from renal failure, aged 83.
2006 Atlantic hurricane season
The 2006 Atlantic hurricane season was an annual event in the yearly cycle of tropical cyclones. It officially started on June 1, 2006, and lasted until November 30, 2006. Ten tropical storms formed during the season. Five became hurricanes, and one tropical storm did not have a name. It Affected USA State Of Florida
This season was unusual in that no hurricanes made landfall in the United States of America. One tropical storm, Tropical Storm Zeta from the 2005 season, continued into January, which was the second time on record that a tropical cyclone existed in two calendar years.
Because of the super-active 2005 season, forecasts and meteorologist thought that the 2006 season would also be very active, but not as active as 2005. However, an El Niño event, combined with the presence of the Saharan Air Layer over the tropical Atlantic Ocean, contributed to a slow season and forcing all tropical cyclones to dissipate after October 2.
Vatican leaks scandal
The Vatican leaks scandal, also known as Vati-Leaks, is a scandal involving leaked Vatican documents, which showed corruption and also found the blackmailing of homosexual clergy by individuals outside the Church.
2006 Atlantic hurricane season
Tropical Storm Alberto
On June 10, an area of thunderstorms became the year's first tropical depression. This storm moved closer to Florida, and the depression became a tropical storm on the morning of June 11. In the Gulf of Mexico, warm waters helped the storm to grow in strength, but it weakened slightly over the cooler waters near the coast of the United States.
Vatican leaks scandal
The scandal escalated in May 2012 when Nuzzi published a book entitled His Holiness: The Secret Papers of Benedict XVI made of confidential letters and memos between Pope Benedict and his personal secretary.
2006 Atlantic hurricane season
Unnamed tropical storm
One tropical storm formed in July off the United States coast. It was not identified as a storm at the time, therefore, the storm did not have a name. It was identified as a tropical storm when a close review was taken at the end of 2006. If it was identified at the time it would have been named Beryl.
Tropical Storm Beryl
Beryl continued moving to the north until it turned to the northeast on July 20. Beryl moved parallel to the East Coast of the United States and crossed over Nantucket Island, before becoming extratropical southwest of Nova Scotia on July 21.
Tropical Storm Chris
On about July 26, a large and well-organized tropical wave formed off the coast of Africa and slowly moved we
stward. It slowly developed due to poor environmental conditions and it became a tropical depression late on 31 July about 160 mi east of Antigua. The depression soon strengthened further and was named Tropical Storm Chris six hours later. National Hurricane Center forecasters dismissed some computer models, which dissipated Chris quickly, as they did not have a handle on the strength of the storm. Tropical Storm Chris moved to the northwest and slowly strengthened before reaching its peak strength on August 2 with winds of 65 mph, when it was to the northeast of the United States Virgin Islands. The storm was forecast to strengthen further and become a hurricane as it moved into the Bahamas and thus into the Gulf of Mexico. However, Chris began to be affected by strong wind shear and became disorganized. The storm weakened to a tropical depression on August 4, and dissipated as it approached the Cuban coast.
In response and some fear to the storm's projected path into the Gulf of Mexico, prices for crude oil rose on the New York Mercantile Exchange at branch offices in London. Natural gas prices rose considerably in New York Mercantile Exchange electronic trading on August 2. Anticipation of a threat to supply by a potential Hurricane Chris coupled with high demand during an ongoing heat wave are cited as reasons for the price move. Also, numerous oil rigs were closed and ditched in response to the storm for the fear of Hurricane Katrina a year earlier. On August 2 approximately 600 tourists evacuated the Puerto Rican islands of Vieques and Culebra as tropical storm warnings had been issued. Cruise lines such as Royal Caribbean re-routed their ships to avoid the storm. In Puerto Rico, rainfall from the storm caused the Fajardo River to overflow its banks. The overflown waters temporarily closed a highway in the northeastern portion of the island. Rainfall reached up to 2 inches (50 mm) across portions of Hispaniola, the Turks and Caicos, the Bahamas, and eastern Cuba, and reached 4 inches (100 mm) in some mountainous areas.
Tropical Storm Debby
A tropical system off the coast of Africa, which the National Hurricane Center was monitoring for several days, was upgraded to tropical depression status on August 21 and designated as Tropical Depression Four. Consequently, a tropical storm warning was immediately issued for the Cape Verde islands, as the system threatened to pass over or near the southern part of the archipelago. However, the system failed to strengthen into a tropical storm before passing the chain of islands, and the warning was discontinued the following morning.
The depression was upgraded to a tropical storm and was named Debby late on August 22. While it had been expected to strengthen into a hurricane, Debby weakened into a tropical depression on August 26. It continued to the north and lost tropical characteristics on August 27.
Hurricane Ernesto
At 3:15 p.m. EDT (1915 UTC) on 24 August, a reconnaissance flight determined that a tropical wave passing through the Windward Islands had developed a closed tropical circulation, and advisories were commenced on Tropical Depression Five. By 5 p.m. EDT (2100 UTC) on 25 August, a second flight had found sustained tropical-storm force winds, and the system was named Ernesto. Ernesto became a hurricane on the morning of 27 August just south of Haiti, before it was downgraded back to a tropical storm in the afternoon. The storm caused 2 deaths in Haiti due to rainfall.
Ernesto made landfall near Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, early in the morning on 28 August. At one point the storm was predicted to become a major hurricane in the Gulf of Mexico and threaten parts of the Gulf Coast, a grim possibility in light of the one-year anniversary of Hurricane Katrina's landfall. However, Ernesto moved much farther east than anticipated, and made landfall as a tropical storm on the southern tip of Florida on 29 August. Two people died in Florida in road traffic accidents attributed to the weather conditions, as the cyclone slowly moved northward across the southern half of the peninsula. Ernesto restrengthened into a tropical storm as it emerged from land near Cape Canaveral, and was just below hurricane strength when it made landfall again in North Carolina on 31 August.
Damage in Virginia totaled to $104 million (2006 USD)
Hurricane Florence
Tropical Depression Six formed from an area of low pressure midway between Africa and the Lesser Antilles on 3 September. Initial strengthening of the depression was slow due to shearing wind conditions. Despite the moderate to high wind shear, it strengthened enough to become Tropical Storm Florence on the morning of 5 September. After becoming a tropical storm, Florence's wind field began to expand greatly; at one point tropical storm-force winds extended outward up to 405 miles from the center. With a disorganized structure and multiple circulation centers, Florence remained a weak tropical storm for several days, even after external conditions became favorable for strengthening. Around the evening of 8 September it resolved to a single center and steady strengthening resumed - "science had prevailed", as one forecaster remarked. On the morning of 10 September, Florence reached hurricane strength. Large swells, rip tide, and undertow were reported on Bermuda, the Leeward Islands, the Virgin Islands, and Hispaniola. Florence soon reached its peak as a Category 1 hurricane very near Bermuda, and became extratropical on 12 September, while still a hurricane.
Hurricane Gordon
As Hurricane Florence moved norhtwestward, an area of low-pressure with scattered thunderstorm activity slowly became more organized while northeast of the Lesser Antilles. On the evening of September 10, it developed a closed circulation and was called Tropical Depression Seven. It continued to strengthen, and was then named Tropical Storm Gordon on September 11 and Hurricane Gordon late on September 12. Gordon attained Category 2 status on the evening of September 13, and was further upgraded to Category 3 status that same night, making it the first major hurricane of the season.
Around September 16 it was nearly froze for some time in the mid-Atlantic about 1000 miles east of Bermuda, and became a weak hurricane. However, it subsequently accelerated eastwards and strengthened to become category 2. On 19 September hurricane warnings were issued for the Azores, as the predicted path passed through the center of that archipelago. It became extratropical on September 20 after passing through Azorean waters, but the remnants side-swiped north-western Spain and then moved rapidly north towards Ireland and the west of Britain on September 21. By the morning of September 22, it had been absorbed into a large Atlantic low to the west of Ireland.
Hurricane Helene
On September 10, an area of clustered thunderstorms began to move off the western African coast. It quickly became stronger and organized itself to become Tropical Depression Eight. Continuing to organize, it reached tropical storm strength on September 13, becoming a hurricane on September 16 and a major hurricane (Category 3 or higher on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale) on September 17. Helene moved generally west-northwestward before commencing a northeasterly turn. Large currents from Helene lashed Bermuda. The hurricane then became an extratropical storm on September 24 and died shortly after.
Hurricane Isaac
An area of low pressure in mid-Atlantic generated active thunderstorms for several days and eventually organized into Tropical Depression Nine on 27 September and a tropical storm by 28 September. By that time it was about 810 mi east-southeast of Bermuda. It became a hurricane on 30 September, and passed about 280 mi east of Bermuda before swinging northwards towards Newfoundland. As it was still a strong tropical storm near the Avalon Peninsula, tropical storm warnings were issued on 2 October due to the potential for high winds. Isaac passed 45 km to the southeast of Cape Race late that afternoon. The Canadian Hurricane Centre reports that if Isaac had tracked just 50 to 100 km (30 to 60 miles) further north than it did, the St. John's area would have experienced much higher winds than the peak gust of 54 km/h it received.
At its closest approach to the Avalon Peninsula, Isaac was still tropical, and had maximum sustained winds of 50 kn and a minimum central pressure of 993 mbar. Strongest winds on land in Newfoundland were reported at Cape Race, where a maximum gust to 96 km/h with a sustained wind of 74 km/h was recorded. At Cape Pine, a peak wind was reported at 76 km/h. However, due to Isaac's small size and fast forward speed, winds were lighter over most of the Avalon Peninsula.
Rainfall from Isaac was not reported to be higher than 25 mm in most areas due to Isaac's speed and decreasing amount of moisture. The highest measured amount was 26 mm at Cape Race, while Cape Pine reported 19 mm and St. John's reported less than 10 mm.
strength.
2006 storm names
These names will be used for storms that form in the North Atlantic in 2006. The names not retired from this list will be used again in the 2012 season. The list is the same as the 2000 season's list except for Kirk, which replaced Keith.
While it had been previously reported that a new backup list would be chosen (after it was first used in 2005), the National Hurricane Center reported in its first tropical weather outlook for the season that it would again use names from the Greek alphabet should the main list run out. It would again start with Alpha.
Retirement
No names were retired, and this was announced by the World Meteorological Organization in the spring of 2007. The names will be used again for 2012 Atlantic hurricane season.
Broken Arrow (military)
Broken Arrow was a call for all available combat aircraft to attack enemy positions, even those close to the position of US troops. The reason for calling in that order, is because a US position is being overrun and can no longer be defended.
Broken Arrow was a code phrase, that a military unit on the ground is facing imminent (or very soon) destruction from enemy attack and all available air forces within range are to provide air support immediately".
Broken Arrow is a code phrase that refers to an accidental event that involves nuclear weapons, warheads or components that does not create a risk of nuclear war. These include:
In movies and books
In movies, the phrase has been used in We Were Soldiers (2002). Its movie star is Mel Gibson.
Part of the plot of the movie is that, at the point of being overrun by the enemy, the miliary officer (played by Mel Gibson), orders his forward air controller, to call in the air strike, by saying "Broken Arrow, Broken Arrow".
Amateur wrestling
Amateur wrestling is the most widespread form of sport wrestling.[citation needed] There are two international wrestling styles performed in the Olympic Games under the supervision of FILA (Fédération Internationale des Luttes Associées or International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles): Greco-Roman and freestyle. Freestyle is possibly derived from the English Lancashire style. A similar style, commonly called collegiate (also known as scholastic or folkstyle), is practiced in colleges and universities, secondary schools, middle schools, and among younger age groups in the United States. Where the style is not specified, this article refers to the international styles played on a mat.
Awadeya Mahmoud
Awadeya Mahmoud or Awwadah Mahmoud Koko (Arabic: عوضية محمود كوكو ) is a tea seller and activist from Sudan. She started the Women’s Food and Tea Sellers’ Cooperative and the Women’s Multi-Purpose Cooperative for Khartoum State. In 2016, she received the International Women of Courage Award.
Work
Mahmoud lived in southern Kordofan. Because of war in south Sudan, she moved to Khartoum. She started to sell tea by the side of the road. Every day, the local police harassed her and threatened her. She could not go to the government, so she organized women. She helped them talk to politicians and use the media to get attention for their problems. The police put her in jail for four years. Finally the courts of Sudan said she was free. With the help of the Sudanese Development Association, an NGO, she started an organization to help the women who sell tea.
At first there were three cooperatives. During 2015, the project increased to 36 cooperatives in seven areas of Khartoum region. Now there are more than 7,500 women in the original three cooperatives.
Konjengbam
Konjengbam is a Meetei Manipuri surname or family name which has Indian origin. People of this family mainly inhabit in Manipur, India.
TeamViewer
TeamViewer is a computer program for remote control, desktop sharing, online meetings, web conferencing and file transfer between computers.
Antiknock agent
An antiknock agent is added to gasoline. It reduces engine knocking and increase the fuel's octane rating.
Gasoline is a fuel mixture. High compression internal combustion engines place gasoline under great pressure. The pressure can cause the gasoline to ignite early (pre-ignition or detonation) causing a damaging knocking sound, also called "pinging" or "pinking".
Originally, organic compounds with lead were added to petrol to prevent knocking: tetraethyllead (TEL). This is now banned because the lead affects people's health. Various alternatives have been tried. 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, an isomer of octane, is one example.
Kalyana Vaibhogam (TV series)
Kalyana Vaibhogam is an Indian Telugu-Language drama television series. It starred Meghana Lokesh and Sunny. Kalyana Vaibhogam broadcasted on Zee Telugu and now available on digital platform ZEE5 before TV telecast. The series premiered on 1 May 2017.
Plot
The series tells the story of Manga Thayaru (Meghana Lokesh) and Nithya Srinivas (Meghana Lokesh) They are look alike with opposite behaviors. Manga's challenges in the Suryadevara family and the effects of the family curse on her form the remaining story. Suryadevara Jai Surya family has a curse which is the cause of the ancestor of the family of the village Devipuram. The priest of the temple believed the zamindar a lot.
Now the curse turned it path to the new one
Digital Release
ZEE5 launched all the episodes of Kalyana Vaibhogam, including latest episodes, on Zee5 website and Zee5 app under their “Before TV” service.
Robert Winston
Robert Maurice Lipson Winston, Baron Winston (born 15 July 1940) is a British professor, medical doctor, scientist, television presenter and Labour Party politician. In December 1995, he became Member of the House of Lords. He was born in London.
Nassau County, Florida
Nassau County is a county in the state of Florida. As of 2000, 57,663 people lived there. The U.S. Census Bureau 2008 estimate for the county was 69,835. Its county seat is Fernandina Beach, Florida.
Nassau County is part of the Greater Jacksonville Metropolitan area.
History
Nassau County was created in 1824. It was named for the Duchy of Nassau in Germany.
Law and government
Nassau County is governed by the five-member Nassau County Board of County Commissioners, who are elected to four-year terms by the voters. The terms are set up so that either three or two commissioners (alternately) are up for election every two years.
The main environmental and agricultural body is the Nassau County Soil and Water Conservation District, which works closely with other area agencies.
Local law enforcement is conducted by the Nassau County Sheriff's Office.
Land
According to the 2000 census, the county has a total area of 725.86 sqmi, of which 651.55 sqmi (or 89.76%) is land and 74.30 sqmi (or 10.24%) is water, much of it in the Atlantic Ocean. Fernandina Beach is located on Amelia Island, the county’s only island with people living on it.
People
As of the census of 2000, there were 57,663 people, 21,980 households, and 16,528 families living in the county. The population density was 34/km² (88/sq mi). There were 25,917 housing units at an average density of 15/km² (40/sq mi). The racial makeup of the county was 90.02% White, 7.74% Black or African American, 0.43% Native American, 0.46% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.32% from other races, and 1.00% from two or more races. 1.51% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
According to the 2000 Census, the largest European ancestry groups in Nassau County were: English (36.2%), Irish (13.6%) and German (11.7%).
There were 21,980 households out of which 32.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.20% were married couples living together, 9.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.80% were not related. 20.10% of all households were made up of people living alone and 7.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 2.97.
In the county the population was spread out with 25.00% under the age of 18, 7.20% from 18 to 24, 28.80% from 25 to 44, 26.30% from 45 to 64, and 12.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 97.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.80 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $46,022, and the median income for a family was $52,477. Males had a median income of $37,027 versus $25,443 for females. The per capita income for the county was $22,836. About 6.40% of families and 9.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.90% of those under age 18 and 8.90% of those age 65 or over.
Education
Nassau County is home to nine elementary schools, three middle schools, three high schools, and one middle-senior high school.
The Betty Cook Center, started and run by Florida State College at Jacksonville, offers classes for post-secondary degrees.
Local media
There are four newspapers in Nassau County. The largest, the Fernandina Beach News-Leader, is owned by Community Newspapers Incorporated, a media company headed by Tom Wood and Dink NeSmith. The Nassau County Record is also owned by Community Newspapers Incorporated. Both of these are available by subscription or from newsstands. The Westside Journal, an independent newspaper, is published by Florida Sun Printing, and is available for free through the mail and usually features submitted stories. My Nassau Sun, a community section of The Florida Times-Union, is also available for free by subscription for delivery cost.
Hazaragi
Hazaragi spoken by the Hazara people in south Asia.
Xiaonanmen metro station
Xiaonanmen is a metro station on the Songshan-Xindian Line in Taipei, Taiwan. The station code is G11.
Hazaragi
Classification
Hazaragi is a language which is related to Turkish, mongolian and Indo-European languages. It is easily distinguishable from other turkic and mongolic languages spoken in different countries in South Asia. Hazaragi contains some Turkic and Mongolic words.
Xiaonanmen metro station
Station layout information
The platforms are located underground. Platform 1 is for Songshan. Platform 2 is for Xindian or Taipower Building.
Hazaragi
Spoken area
Hazaragi is spoken by the Hazara people of central Afghanistan as well as by a large refugee population found in northeastern Iran and in parts of Pakistan, such as Quetta.
Héctor Lechuga
Héctor Lechuga (18 April 1929 – 13 July 2017) was a Mexican actor, comedian, political commentarist and radio personality. He is known for his roles in Peluquero de señoras (1973), México 2000 (1983) and Masajista de señoras (1973).
Lechuga died on 13 July 2017 of a heart attack after suffering from Alzheimer's disease at his home in Xalapa, Veracruz at the age of 88.
Greiz (district)
History
Historically the area of the district was part of the Vogtland, named after the title Vogt given to the local rulers in the 13th century. Only two lines of the Reuß family survived from that time, with one principality based in Greiz, and the other in Gera and Schleiz. In 1919 both were merged into the Volksstaat Reuß (People's State of Reuss), which then became part of Thuringia in 1920.
Battle of Starobilsk
The Battle of Starobilsk was a battle that started on 25 February 2022, during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Greiz (district)
History
A subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp was located at Berga/Elster during World War II. The SS made inmates dig tunnels and lay railway tracks for the Schwalbe V project.
Battle of Starobilsk
Background
Starobilsk is a city near Luhansk (in Luhansk Oblast). It is the administrative center of Starobilsk Raion. The river Aidar runs to the west of the city centre; The river is a natural obstacle.
Greiz (district)
History
The district in its current form was created on July 1, 1994, when the districts Gera-Land, Zeulenroda and the previous district Greiz were merged.
Laikangbam
Laikangbam is a Meetei Manipuri surname or family name which has Indian origin. People of this family mainly inhabit in Manipur, India.
Deprotonation
Deprotonation is the removal of a hydrogen ion from a substance. A hydrogen atom normally contains 1 proton and 1 electron. When it is oxidized, it loses the electron, turning it into a hydrogen ion. A hydrogen cation is the same as a proton. Substances are deprotonated by other substances more basic than themselves. The base itself is protonated.
University of Nevada, Reno
The University of Nevada, Reno (Nevada, the University of Nevada, or UNR) is a public research university in Reno, Nevada. It was founded on October 12, 1874 in Elko, Nevada. It is a land grant institution in the state of Nevada.
Greiz (district)
Sights
Sights in the district Greiz:
Museums in the district Greiz:
University of Nevada, Reno
It is home to the state's first medical school.
According to the National Science Foundation, UNR spent $144 million on research and development in 2018, ranking it 139th in the nation.
Arsinoitherium
Arsinoitherium is an extinct genus, a large mammal that lived during the early Oligocene (about 38 to 23 million years ago). Although it looked like a rhinoceros, it is more closely related to elephants. Fossils of Arsinoitherium have been found in Faiyum, Egypt.
Tommy Ramone
Tommy Ramone, also known as Thomas Erdelyi (born Erdélyi Tamás; January 29, 1949 - July 11, 2014), was a Hungarian-American record producer and musician. He was born to Jewish parents in Budapest and grew up in Queens, New York City. He was the drummer for an early and important punk rock band, the Ramones.
Gujari language
Gojri, also known as 'Gujari' is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Gurjars, or Gujjars of Northern Pakistan and the Republic of India. It is classified as a form or dialect of Rajasthani by the linguists.
The language is mainly spoken in the Punjab provinces of Hindustan and Pakistan and also in Jammu & Kashmir, it is most closely related to Marwari and Gujarati.
Baryon
Baryons are composite subatomic particles made of an odd number of valence quarks (at least three quarks). The most familiar baryons are the protons and neutrons which make up most of the visible matter in the universe. Electrons (the other major component of the atom) are leptons.
All particles with 1/2 spin (or 3/2 spin) are called fermions, and obey Fermi-Dirac statistics. This means that no two fermions can be in the same point in space at the same time. This is not true for the other type of subatomic particle, called a boson. More than one boson—like a photon—can exist in the same point in space at the same time.
Baryons are one of two types of hadrons, which are particles made of quarks. The other type of hadron is called a meson.
Frank Brian
Frank Sands Brian (May 1, 1923 – May 14, 2017) was an American professional basketball player. He was born in Zachary, Louisiana. Brian signed with the Anderson Packers of the National Basketball League in 1947. In 1949 the NBL and BAA merged to form the NBA. He scored 2,442 points in three seasons with the Packers, then joined the Chicago Stags of the NBA.
Brain died from complications of Alzheimer's disease at his home in Zachary, Louisiana on May 14, 2017 at the age of 94.
List of U.S. state ships
This is a list of official U.S. state ships.
Muriaux
Muriaux is a municipality in the district of Franches-Montagnes in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2009, the former municipality of Le Peuchapatte merged into the municipality of Muriaux.
Protonation
Protonation is the addition of a hydrogen ion to a substance. A hydrogen atom normally contains 1 proton and 1 electron. When the hydrogen atom is oxidized, it loses its electron, leaving a H+. The H+ is the same as a proton. Substances are protonated when hydrogen ions are added to them. For example, when ammonia (NH3) is protonated, it forms ammonium ions, NH4+. A substance is protonated by a substance more acidic than it. The acidic substance is deprotonated.
Lee O-young
Lee O-young (15 January 1934 – 26 February 2022) was a South Korean politician, critic and novelist. Lee was born in Asan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Chōsen, Japan. Lee taught at Ewha Womans University, where he was a professor emeritus, and Dankook University. Lee was the chief editor of Munhak sasang (Literary Thought). From 1989 until 1990, he was the Minister of Culture.
Lee died on 26 February 2022 at a hospital in Seoul, South Korea from multiple myeloma, aged 88.
Incorporation of the Bill of Rights
The incorporation of the Bill of Rights (also called incorporation for short) is how American courts have applied portions of the U.S. Bill of Rights to the states. This has been done through the Due Process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Before 1925, the Bill of Rights was held only to apply to the federal government. Under the incorporation doctrine, most provisions of the Bill of Rights now also apply to the state and local governments.
Prior to the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment and what became the incorporation doctrine, the Supreme Court in 1833 held in Barron v. Baltimore that the Bill of Rights applied only to the federal government, not the states. Even years after the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment, the Supreme Court in United States v. Cruikshank (1876) still held that the First and Second Amendment did not apply to state governments. However, beginning in the 1920s, a series of Supreme Court decisions interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment to "incorporate" most portions of the Bill of Rights, making these portions, for the first time, enforceable against the state governments. This process has been called selective incorporation.
Helen Hayes
Helen Hayes Brown (October 10, 1900 – March 17, 1993) was an American actress. Her career lasted for almost 70 years. Known as the "First Lady of the American Theatre", she is one of only thirteen people to win all four main American entertainment awards - Emmy, Grammy, Oscar and Tony. Hayes also received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1986, the National Medal of Arts in 1988 and was awarded at the Kennedy Center Honors in 1981. Two Broadway theaters are named after her.
Early life
Hayes was born in Washington D.C. on October 10, 1890. She was an only child. Her mother, Catherine Estelle Hayes, was an actress of Irish ancestry. Her father, Francis van Arnum Brown, was a meat salesman.
Hayes was an accomplished child. She went to a dancing school and sang very well. She began a stage career at the age of five, pushed by her mother. She also took her mother's maiden name as her stage name. By the age of ten, she had made a short movie. In 1917 Hayes graduated from the Academy of the Sacred Heart Convent in Washington.
Career
Her first sound movie The Sin of Madelon Claudet (1931) brought her Academy Award for Best Actress. The part she played in it was written by her husband, Charles MacArthur. Among her other successful movies of that time were Arrowsmith (1931), A Farewell to Arms (1932), What Every Woman Knows (1934).
Hayes liked working in theatre. Her most famous performance on Broadway was the role of Queen Victoria in a play Victoria Regina (1938). She played leading parts in Coquette (1928) and Mary Of Scotland (1933) as well. Harvey (1970) became her last hit on stage. Hayes had to retire from theatre because of her asthma condition.
She continued her work in movies. Hayes won her second Academy Award in 1970 for Airport. This time for Supporting role. During the later part of her career she was often in series and movies made for television. She successfully portrayed legendary character Miss Marple in several movies in 80s.
Personal life
Hayes met her husband, Charles MacArthur, a playwright, in 1927. They married in August of 1928. They had a daughter, Mary, born in 1930. She became involved in acting, but died from polio at age 19. In 1938 Hayes and Charles adopted a son, James MacArthur, who grew up to be an actor.
Charles MacArthur died in 1956. He had many years of illness and grief caused by his daughter's untimely death. Hayes never married again.
She published four autobiographies: A Gift of Joy (1965), On Reflection (1968), Twice Over Lightly (1972), and My Life in Three Acts (1990).
Death
Hayes died on March 17, 1993 from heart failure in the hospital of Nyack, New York. She was 92. She was buried in the Oak Hill Cemetery, next to her husband and daughter.
Brad Grey
Brad Alan Grey (December 29, 1957 – May 14, 2017) was an American television and movie producer. He was born in The Bronx, New York City, New York. He co-founded the Brillstein-Grey Entertainment agency, and afterwards became the chairman and CEO of Paramount Pictures, a position he held from 2005 until 2017. He also produced eight out of Paramount's 10 top-grossing pictures of all time after having succeeded Sherry Lansing in 2005.
Decode Entertainment
Decode Entertainment was a Canadian production company company. It was founded by Steven DeNure, Neil Court and John Delmage as Decode Entertainment in 1997, which produced kids shows (animated and live action) under it’s name. On May 16, 2006, Decode Entertainment announced that they would merge to form the holding company DHX Media. Decode then became a subsidiary company of DHX, gaining distribution rights to Halifax Film shows in the process. In 2010, all DHX companies including Decode were all rebranded under the DHX name, with distribution transferred to DHX proper. In 2011, DHX Media ceased producing content at the ex-Decode offices. DHX acquired Epitome Pictures in 2014, which assumed the name of DHX Studios in 2016, but this company had no relation outside the name.
Laikhuram
Laikhuram is a Meetei Manipuri surname or family name which has Indian origin. People of this family mainly inhabit in Manipur, India.
Johannes Gutenberg
Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg (more commonly known as Johannes Gutenberg) (1390s – 3 February 1468), was a German metal-worker and inventor. He is famous for his work in printing in the 1450s, and is specifically known for inventing typography.
Gutenberg was born in Mainz, Germany, as the son of a merchant, Friele Gensfleisch zur Laden. Gutenberg's father took the surname "zum Gutenberg" after the name of the place they now lived.
Gutenberg invented a sort of metal alloy for printing; inks; a way to fix type (metal letters) very accurately; and a new sort of printing press. He took the idea for his printing press from the presses wine-makers used. Many people say Gutenberg invented printing with moveable type, but it was already invented in China before that: see printing.
Before movable type, people used block printing, where the printer prints a whole page from one piece of metal or wood. With movable type, the printer makes a letter (A, B, C ...) from a piece of metal or wood, and can use it again and again in different words. Together, all Gutenberg's inventions made printing fast. In Renaissance Europe, the improved information technology made an information explosion – in a short time, people printed many new books about many topics.
In his lifetime Gutenberg was not successful, but his invention was very important. In a short time, news and books were traveling around Europe very fast. Scientists could communicate better, which helped bring the scientific revolution and new technology. More Europeans, not just priest s, scribe s and scholar s, learned to read.
Today, there are still 60 Gutenberg Bibles. They are most likely the oldest books that printers made with moveable type.
The Gutenberg Galaxy and Project Gutenberg use Gutenberg's name. The city of Guttenberg, Iowa in the United States is named after him.
Mamadou Tandja
Lieutenant Colonel (ret.) Mamadou Tandja (1938 – 24 November 2020) was a Nigerien politician. He was President of Niger from 1999 to 2010. He was removed from office by the military in a coup d'état in February 2010.
Tandja died of a long-illness on 24 November 2020 at a hospital in Niamey, Niger at the age of 82.
Euronymous
Øystein Aarseth (22 March 1968 – 10 August 1993), better known by his stage name Euronymous, was a Norwegian guitarist. Euronymous was a founder of and central figure in the early Norwegian black metal scene. He was a co-founder of the Norwegian black metal band Mayhem and was the only constant member from the band's formation in 1984 until his death in 1993. He was also founder and owner of the extreme metal record label Deathlike Silence Productions and record shop Helvete.
Euronymous professed to be a Satanist and was known for making extreme misanthropic statements. He presented himself as leading a militant cult-like group known as the "Black Metal Inner Circle".
In August 1993, he was murdered by fellow musician Varg Vikernes.
Murder
In early 1993, animosity arose between Euronymous and Vikernes, as well as between Euronymous and the Swedish black metal scene as a whole.
On the night of 10 August 1993, Vikernes and Snorre 'Blackthorn' Ruch drove from Bergen to Euronymous' apartment at Tøyengata in Oslo. Upon their arrival a confrontation began and Vikernes fatally stabbed Euronymous. His body was found on the stairs outside the apartment with 23 stab wounds – two to the head, five to the neck, and 16 to the back. Euronymous' murder was initially blamed on Swedish black metallers by the media.
It has been speculated that the murder was the result of a power struggle, a financial dispute over Burzum records, or an attempt at "outdoing" the stabbing in Lillehammer.
Discography
Euronymous played guitar on the following albums except where noted, any additional instruments or credits in notes.
Fat Lip
"Fat Lip" is a 2001 punk rock song by the Canadian pop punk band Sum 41 and is the first single from their debut studio album All Killer, No Filler, which was released in 2001. The song was written by Raine Maida and was produced by both Arnold Lanni and Raine Maida. Fat Lip has been featured in several movies and video games, such as EA Sports' NHL 2002, American Pie 2, Guitar Hero, GuitarFreaks V4, DrumMania V4 and Guitar Hero 5 (downloadable track) and Smallville. The band has also performed Fat Lip on Saturday Night Live. The music video was ranked as #75 on "MuchMusic's 100 Best Videos".
In Too Deep (Sum 41 song)
"In Too Deep" is a 2001 pop punk song by the rock band Sum 41. It is the second single from their debut studio album All Killer, No Filler, which was released in 2001. The music video for "In Too Deep" is a parody of the diving scene from the movie Back to School.
Benrath
Benrath is a part of Düsseldorf. It belongs to Düsseldorf since 1929.
History
The name Benrath came from the "Knights of Benrode". Benrath was mentioned for the first time in 1222. The first church of Benrath was built in 1002. In the 14th century Benrode belonged to the Counts of Berg. Benrath was a village.
In the time of Industrial Revolution Benrath lied next to an important railway connection. Benrath grew very fast in that time.
In 1929 Benrath became a part of Düsseldorf.
Benrath today
Benrath is in the South of Düsseldorf. It has an area of 5.90 km² and 15,900 inhabitants. There is a railway station in Benrath (Benrath Railway Station). Until the 1980s, some long distance trains stopped in Benrath. It is still a regional station.
The Benrath line
In the German language the Benrath line is the border line between the Northern German and the Southern German idiom.
The Benrath Castle
The Benrath Castle is one of the largest castles from baroque time in Germany. In the castle there is a museum. The park of the castle is very famous, too.
Khalid Bakdash
Khalid Bakdash (1912 – July 15, 1995; occasionally spelled Khalid Bagdash or Khaled Bekdache, خالد بكداش) was the leader of the Syrian Communist Party (SCP) from 1936 until his death. In 1954 Bakdash became the first member of a communist party to be elected to an Arab parliament. He has since been called the "dean of Arab communism."
Thermoregulation
Thermoregulation is the ability of an organism to control its body temperature within certain limits, even when the surrounding temperature is different. This is an aspect of homeostasis: the keeping of a constant internal environment.
Kristina Hänel
Kristina Gisela Hänel (born August 5, 1956 ) is a German doctor in general medicine and emergency medicine. In 2018, she won the Clara Zetkin women's award. In 2019, she won the Anne Klein Women's Prize.
Hindko
Hindko (ہندکو, also Hindku or Hinko,) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by about 5 million people in Pakistan. Most of them are found in Hazara (a region of the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa), but there are also speakers in other parts of the province (such as Kohat and Peshawar). There are also speakers in Azad Kashmir and in north-western Punjab. Hazara Hindko is the standard variety of Hindko.
Thermoregulation
Endotherms
So-called warm-blooded animals control the temperature of their body at quite a high level. This ability is called endothermy. All mammals and birds are endotherms (homeotherms or homoiotherms). The basic source of the heat is chemical energy from the body's metabolism. They have a number of temperature-control devices:
Hindko
There is no proper, formal generic name for these people because they belong to diverse ethnicities and tend to identify themselves by the larger families, castes and tribes. However the people of the largest group in the districts of Haripur, Abbottabad and Mansehra are sometimes recognised collectively as Hazarawal, named after the Hazara Division that comprises these districts. In Peshawar city they are referred to as "Kharay" meaning City-dwellers or Hindkowans.
Thermoregulation
Hibernation
In the colder climates many mammals hibernate or aestivate. This means they have a two-level metabolism. Their temperature is held at a high level when they are active, and at a lower level when they are hibernating. This has the advantage of saving energy during times when they cannot get enough food to keep up the higher temperature.
Humans
The human body has automatic responses to help regulate temperature. When the external environment heats up, arterioles leading to the capillary loops in the dermis dilate (widen). This increases blood flow to the surface of the skin where its heat can more easily radiate away. This process is called vasodilation. Sweat glands also produce greater amounts of sweat. This liquid is secreted onto the surface of the skin. Sweat needs energy to turn from a liquid into a gas and evaporate. This energy is called the latent heat of vaporisation. The body supplies this heat and so it cools down as the sweat evaporates.
If the body is unable to maintain a normal temperature and it increases significantly above normal, a condition known as hyperthermia occurs. This occurs when the body is exposed to temperatures of approximately 55 °C; any exposure longer than a few hours at this temperature or up to around 70 °C kills. The opposite condition, when body temperature decreases below normal levels, is known as hypothermia.
Heterotherms
Heterothermy is a term for animals that have features of both ectothermy and endothermy. They can switch between strategies.
Basic physiology
The fundamental idea is that smaller endothermic animals have, relative to their mass, a larger body surface. "Heat loss takes place from the surface, and in order to keep warm, an animal must produce heat at a rate equal to its loss".
Animals 'make' heat by the metabolism inside their bodies, but lose heat through their surface (mostly their skin). Now, their bodies are three-dimensional, whereas their surface is two-dimensional. So, if an animal of length X doubles its length, then its surface area increases by about X2, but its body mass increases by about X3. Example:
Thus larger animals are much more "energy efficient" than smaller animals. Large animals lose heat relatively slower than small animals because their surface area is smaller in proportion.
Strategies for small animals
Small warm-blooded animals have three main tactics for overcoming this problem of heat loss. First, they have a higher metabolic rate than large animals. This is universal in birds and mammals: only the details differ. A higher metabolic rate affects the whole of their lives, and is the main reason why they have shorter lives than large animals. p58/9 The smallest mammals (shrews) and the smallest hummingbirds are about the same size and weight. They have fast heartbeats, up to 1,200 per minute, p129 and they use up more calories per gram than any other endotherms. The rate of oxygen use is similarly high. As a result of the metabolism running at such a high rate, they do produce more heat per gram than any other living things.
Second, many allow their temperature to drop at night. Many hummingbirds go into a trance-like torpor at night.