cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Saint-Gabriel-Brécy
Saint-Gabriel-Brécy is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Creully sur Seulles.
Gregg v. Georgia
Gregg v. Georgia, Proffitt v. Florida, Jurek v. Texas, Woodson v. North Carolina, and Roberts v. Louisiana, were a group of landmark cases that the United States Supreme Court decided together in 1976. They had to do with capital punishment in the United States.
In these cases, the Court ruled that the states could use capital punishment (the death penalty), but only if they followed certain rules. If the states did not follow these rules when they sentenced people to death, they would be violating the Constitution of the United States by giving out a cruel and unusual punishment.
In 1972, the Court had ruled that the way Georgia was using the death penalty was unconstitutional. After this decision, all of the states stopped using the death penalty while they changed their capital punishment laws. Because of this, there were no executions in the United States between 1972 and 1976.
However, in Gregg v. Georgia, the Court ruled that Georgia's new death penalty law was constitutional, and they gave the state permission to execute Troy Leon Gregg. This ended the temporary stop on executions in the United States. It made it clear to the states that as long as they followed the rules set out in the Gregg decision, they could start using the death penalty again.
History: Furman v. Georgia
The Gregg case happened because of another Supreme Court case called Furman v. Georgia, which the Court decided In 1972. In this case, three different men who had been sentenced to death argued that Georgia was giving them a cruel and unusual punishment. This is against the Eighth Amendment to the Constitution, which makes cruel and unusual punishments illegal.
Françoise Letellier
Letellier was a member of Mouettes de Paris and later of Racing club de France and Stade français in 1937.
Gregg v. Georgia
History: Furman v. Georgia
The Supreme Court agreed that when Georgia gave the death penalty to these three men, the state violated the Eighth Amendment. Different Supreme Court Justices said Georgia's death penalty was 'cruel and unusual' for different reasons.
Françoise Letellier
Biography
She started with swimming on the advice of the family doctor to improve her lung capacity. In July 1927, she obtained her school swimming certificate. Her first main achievement is in 1933, winning the bronze medal at the national championships in the 200 metre breaststroke in a time of 3:40.6. Two years later she won again the bronze medal at the national championships, now in a time of 3:34. At the end of the year she broke the national record of the 100 metre breaststroke in a time of 1:31 at the Gare swimming pool in Paris on 20 December. In 1936, 1937 and 1938 she became national champion in the 200 metre breaststroke. While she was 1936 national champion, she was not selected for the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. At the end of 1936 she broke the national record in the 200 metre breaststroke in a time of 3:19.8 at the Neptuna swimming pool in Paris on 28 November. After setting the new record record, she was checked to see if she was wearing a slip under her jersey. The next year she broke the record again at the Neptuna swimming pool in a time of 3:18.4 on 21 July 1937.
Gregg v. Georgia
The death penalty was "arbitrary"
Some Justices said that Georgia's use of the death penalty was arbitrary. This meant that Georgia's courts gave the death penalty to some people and not to others, even when they committed the same crime, for no good reason.
Crush 40
Crush 40, formerly known as Sons of Angels, is a Japanese-American hard rock band formed in 1997. The primary lineup from 1998 to 2009 consisted of guitarist Jun Senoue and vocalist Johnny Gioeli. They became known for game soundtracks for Wave Master Entertainment, including the Sonic the Hedgehog series.
Gregg v. Georgia
The death penalty stops
After Furman, all of the states stopped using the death penalty so they could change their capital punishment laws. They wanted these new laws to make sure the death penalty would not be given in an arbitrary or discriminatory way. By early 1975, thirty states had passed new death penalty laws that they thought would satisfy the Supreme Court and let them use the death penalty in a constitutional way.
Background of the case
Gregg started out as five separate cases in five different states: Gregg v. Georgia, Proffitt v. Florida, Jurek v. Texas, Woodson v. North Carolina, and Roberts v. Louisiana.
After the Furman decision, the states of Georgia, Florida, Texas, North Carolina, and Louisiana changed their death penalty laws to obey the Supreme Court's decision in Furman. After this, the five defendants in these cases – Troy Leon Gregg, Charles William Proffitt, Jerry Jurek, James Tyrone Woodson, and Stanislaus Roberts – were each convicted of murder. Each was sentenced to death. Each defendant appealed to their state's Supreme Court. Each of the five state Supreme Courts said the death sentences were fair and legal.
Next, the defendants asked the United States Supreme Court to decide whether their death sentences were constitutional. In Furman, the Court had ruled that the death penalty was sometimes cruel and unusual punishment. These five defendants were asking the Supreme Court to rule that the death penalty was always cruel and unusual punishment. If the Court ruled this way, it would make the death penalty unconstitutional in the entire United States. The death penalty would be illegal in every state in the country.
The Supreme Court agreed to hear the cases, but they combined them all into one case. This one case is usually called Gregg v. Georgia, because the entire name of the case is very long.
Legal questions
The United States Supreme Court was trying to answer a few legal questions in Gregg. The most important were:
Decision
The Court ruled 7-2 that the death penalty is not always cruel and unusual punishment. (The two Justices who disagreed, William Brennan and Thurgood Marshall, had already said in Furman that they thought capital punishment was always cruel and unusual. )
The Court set out two rules that state laws have to include to make sure their death penalty sentencing laws are constitutional:
Specifically, the Court said that Georgia's, Florida's, and Texas's new death penalty laws met these requirements. This meant these laws were constitutional, and these states could go back to executing people.
The Court ruled that North Carolina's and Louisiana's new laws did not meet the requirements, because they made the death penalty mandatory (required in all cases) for some crimes. This meant these laws were still unconstitutional.
Importance
The Supreme Court's ruling in Gregg was important for several reasons:
National Security Council (Pakistan)
The Prime minister Secretariat National Security Council is a consultative body that is chaired by the President of Pakistan and Prime Minister of Pakistan. It is a principal forum that is mandated for considering national security and foreign policy matters with the senior national security advisors and Cabinet officials. The National Security Council was created by then-President and former Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan) General Pervez Musharraf in April 2004 under the National Security Council Act. The function of the Council has been to advise and assist the President and Prime minister on national security and foreign policies.
Functions
The Council serves as a forum for consultation for the president and the federal government on matters of national security including the sovereignty, integrity, defence, and security of the State and crisis management in general. It may also formulate recommendations to the president and the federal government in such matters.
Chain Letter (album)
Chain Letter is the debut studio album by American singer-songwriter Brooke Valentine. It was released on March 15, 2005 through the American imprint of Virgin Records. The album has the hit song "Girlfight" which includes Big Boi and Lil Jon.
Haptophyte
Haptophytes are a phylum of algae, sometimes called the Prymnesiophyta. All or most of them are single-celled photosynthetic phytoplankton.
Deaths in December 2016
Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:
Haptophyte
The cells typically have two slightly unequal flagella and a unique organelle called a haptonema. This is superficially similar to a flagellum, but differs in its arrangement of microtubules, and in its use. The name comes from the Greek hapsis = touch, and nema = thread.
Classification
Molecular and morphological evidence places them in five orders; coccolithophores make up the Isochrysidales and Coccolithales. Other groups include phytoplankton which produce the toxic algal blooms.
Pakistani architecture
Pakistani architecture includes various structures built during different time periods. With the beginning of the Indus Valley civilization around the middle of the 3rd millennium BC, for the first time in the area which encompasses today's Pakistan an advanced urban culture developed with large structural facilities, some of which survive to this day. This was followed by the Gandhara style of Buddhist architecture that borrowed elements from the architecture of ancient Greece. These remnants are visible in the Gandhara capital of Taxila.
Harry and His Bucket Full of Dinosaurs
Harry and His Bucket Full of Dinosaurs is an Canadian animated television series created by Ian Whybrow and Adrian Reynolds. in 2005 Co-Produced By CCI Entertainment and Collingwood O,Hare Entertainment Ltd In Association With Discovery Kids Latin America Cartoon Network Teletoon Canada (Season 1) Treehouse TV (Season 2) Disney Channel Canada (Season 1) Super RTL (Season 1) Channel 5 Broadcasting Limited (Season 1) Disney Junior UK and Silver Fox Films
Telecast
Teletoon (Canada) Playhouse Disney (UK and Ireland) Cartoon Network (United States) Super RTL (Germany) Discovery Kids (Latin America) Nick Jr (Australia) PBS (Thailand)
Artemisa Province
Artemisa Province is a province of Cuba. The capital is Artemisa. It was made in 2011 from the former La Habana Province.
Yen
The Japanese yen or en is the currency used in Japan. It is usually written with the romanised symbol ¥, but in Japanese it is written with the kanji 円. The coins are very light and range from ¥1 up to ¥500. The highest paper note value is ¥10000. The Japanese currency is the third most traded currency in the world.
Association of American Universities
The Association of American Universities (AAU) is a group of the leading research and education universities. Its members are 69 universities in the United States (both public and private) and two universities in Canada.
This is a list of colleges and universities in the Association of American Universities:
Balham
Balham is an area in the London Borough of Wandsworth. Its postcode is SW12.
Ghost in the Shell
Ghost in the Shell (攻殻機動隊) is a Japanese franchise of different media. It was originally published as a manga series, written and illustrated by Masamune Shirow. It told the story of a fictional counter-cyberterrorist organisation. It has been made into a series of anime television series and movies, and a series of video games.
Melo, Uruguay
Melo is a city in Uruguay. It is the capital of the Cerro Largo Department.
Rivera, Uruguay
Rivera is the capital of the Rivera Department in Uruguay. It has about 64,400 inhabitants and is the sixth largest city by population in Uruguay.
Khayrpur (princely state)
Khayrpur or Khairpur was a princely state on the Indus River in what is now Pakistan, with its capital city at Khayrpur. Together with Bahawalpur to the north-east, the state was included with the Punjab states rather than the neighbouring Rajputana states (now Rajasthan) to the east.
Bantu languages
The Bantu languages (or Narrow Bantu languages) are a branch of the Niger-Congo languages. There are about 520 languages in the Bantu family, 670 languages in the Southern Bantoid branch which includes Bantu, and 1,532 in Niger-Congo. Bantu languages are spoken largely east and south of the present day country of Cameroon; i.e., in the regions commonly known as central Africa, east Africa, and southern Africa. Parts of the Bantu area include languages from other language families (see map). The Bantu language with the largest total number of speakers is Swahili.
Monroe County, West Virginia
Monroe County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. At the 2010 census, 13,502 people lived there. Its county seat is Union.
Colima (disambiguation)
There are:
Bantu languages
The Bantu language with the largest number of native speakers is Shona with 13.8 million speakers in Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Botswana and Zambia. Zulu comes second with 10.3 million speakers.
The Bantu languages came from the region of eastern Nigeria or Cameroon. About 2000 years ago the Bantu people spread southwards and eastwards, introducing agriculture and iron working and colonizing much of the continent..
Bantu words popularised in western cultures
Some words from various Bantu languages have been borrowed into western languages. These include:
Prien am Chiemsee
Prien am Chiemsee (official: Prien a.Chiemsee, High German [], Bavarian (local) dialect []; Central Bavarian: Prean am Cheamsee) is a municipality in Rosenheim, a district (Landkreis) in Upper Bavaria.
Ineffective assistance of counsel (United States)
Ineffective assistance of counsel means that a lawyer (counsel) did not help their client defend themselves during a trial. "Ineffective assistance of counsel" is a complaint that a person can make if they have been convicted of a crime, and they want to argue that their trial was not fair.
"Ineffective" means that something, or someone, did not work the way it should have. "Assistance" means "help." "Counsel" is a legal word for "lawyer." So by making a complaint of "ineffective assistance of counsel," a person is saying "my defense attorney did not help me enough."
Chapaev (movie)
Chapaev (Чапаев) is a 1934 Soviet war movie directed by Vasilyev brothers. It stars Boris Babochkin, Boris Blinov, and Varvara Myasnikova.
Berserker
Berserkers (or berserks) were a special kind of Norse warrior who were widely feared. Old Norse literature said they fought in a wild, trance-like fury. This later gave us the English word berserk.
Aurora, Texas
Aurora is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
Ineffective assistance of counsel (United States)
The right to a lawyer
The Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution says: "the accused shall enjoy the right ... to have the assistance of counsel for his defence." When a person says they had ineffectiveness of counsel, they are saying their lawyer was so bad that they did not receive this right to a lawyer.
Berserker
Many Old Norse sources say that berserkers were real. Most historians believe that berserkers worked themselves into a rage before battle. Others think they might have eaten drugged foods. The Ynglinga saga said they charged their enemy without any armour. Also that they were as mad as wolves. They could kill the enemy with a single blow of their sword while neither fire nor iron could hurt them.
Ineffective assistance of counsel (United States)
The right to a lawyer
Unfortunately, the Sixth Amendment only said that people had the right to have a lawyer. It did not give any more details about this right. Here are some examples of things it did not say:
Strickland v. Washington
The Supreme Court tried to answer some of these questions in a case called Strickland v. Washington,. In this case, the court ruled that there were two things a defendant would have to show in order to prove that they had ineffective assistance of counsel. This became known as the "Strickland test":
There was an important reason why these cases did not qualify as "ineffective assistance of counsel." The prisoners who brought the cases to the Supreme Court could not prove the second piece of the "Strickland test." They could not prove that if they had different lawyers, their trials would have turned out differently. There was so much evidence against them, and they were so obviously guilty, that the appeals courts decided having a different lawyer would not have made any difference. No lawyer could have saved these cases, the state courts basically said.
Ineffective counsel & the death penalty
The issue of ineffective counsel is important in the debate over capital punishment in the United States. The University of Michigan Law School keeps a list of people who have been exonerated from death row. The list counts "exonerations" as cases where "a person who has been convicted of a crime is officially cleared based on new evidence of innocence."
According to the list, between 1989 and 2015, 116 people have been exonerated from death row. Over one out of every four of these people were exonerated because an appeals court ruled they had received ineffective assistance of counsel.
St. Joseph County
St. Joseph County is the name of two counties in the United States:
Densha de Go!
Densha de Go! (DenshadeGo!) is a Japanese train simulator game series originally released by Taito and more recently by Square Enix (who purcashed Taito) and Railfan Holdings Co, Ltd. The game originates in arcade version in 1996, then later ported to the PlayStation in 1997.
Khairpur, Pakistan
Khairpur (خیرپور, khīr´poor) is the twelfth largest city in the province of Sindh in southeast Pakistan. Today it is the capital of Khairpur District. It was once the capital of the former princely state of Khayrpur.
Population
According to the 1998 census, 102,188 lived there. At the 1981 census, there were only 61,447.
Upper Sind Frontier District
Upper Sind Frontier District was a district of the Bombay Presidency during British Rule in what is now the Sindh province of Pakistan. Sind is an old spelling of Sindh.
The district was the northernmost part of Sindh. It was bordered to the north and west by the Dera Ghazi Khan District of the Punjab and by Baluchistan, on the south by Sukkur District, and on the east by the river Indus.
Population
The increase in 1901 was the largest. This was due to immigration from Baluchistan and the Punjab as well as a change in the borders of the district. According to the 1901 census, the main language was Sindhi. Sindhi was spoken by 165,110 people in 1901 (71 per cent). The Baluchi and Siraiki languages were also spoken in all parts of the District. Muslims formed 90 per cent of the total population and Hindus 9 per cent.
Administration
Jacobabad was the capital of the district. The district was subdivided into five talukas:
Dhakeshwari Temple
Dhakeshwari National Temple (ঢাকেশ্বরী জাতীয় মন্দির Ðhakeshshori Jatio Mondir) is a famous Hindu temple in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It is state-owned. It is Bangladesh's "National Temple". The name "Dhakeshwari" (ঢাকেশ্বরী Ðhakeshshori) means "Goddess of Dhaka".
Terukazu Tanaka
Terukazu Tanaka (born 14 July 1985) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Yokohama.
Club career statistics
60||0||3||0||4||0||67||0 60||0||3||0||4||0||67||0
Prime Minister of Singapore
The Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore is the head of the government of the Republic of Singapore. The President of Singapore chooses as Prime Minister a Member of Parliament (MP) who, he thinks, will have the highest chance of being supported by a majority of MPs.
Saint-Gatien-des-Bois
Saint-Gatien-des-Bois is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Mark Catesby
Mark Catesby (24 March 1682/83 - 23 December 1749) was an English naturalist. Between 1729 and 1747 Catesby published his book Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands. The book was the first publication to describe flora and fauna of North America. The book described 220 birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, insects, mammals and plants.
Prime Minister of Pakistan
The Prime Minister of Pakistan (وزیر اعظم) Wazeer-e-A'zam) officially Prime Minister of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is the Head of Government of Pakistan.
Mark Catesby
Catesby studied natural history in London. Catesby collected seeds in Virginia from 1714 to 1719.
Prime Minister of Pakistan
The Prime Minister is elected by the National Assembly, members of which are elected by popular vote. Most commonly, the leader of the party or coalition with the most votes becomes the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister is responsible for appointing a cabinet. The President has the constitutional reserve power to remove the Prime Minister by a dissolution of the National Assembly, triggering new elections.
Mayabeque Province
Mayabeque Province is a province of Cuba. The capital is San José de las Lajas. The province was made in 2011 from the former La Habana Province.
Osteocephalus camufatus
Osteocephalus camufatus is a frog in the family Hylidae. It lives in Brazil. Scientists have seen it in two places.
The skin on the frog's back is dark green in color. It has some light brown marks on its back. Its belly has tan spots. The legs have dark marks on them.
All TV Manila
Digital channels
UHF Channel 16 (485.143 MHz)
Chihuahua Municipality
Chihuahua is one of the 67 municipalities of Chihuahua, in northern Mexico. The municipal seat is the state capital, the city of Chihuahua.
As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 758,791, with 748,551 in the municipal seat. It covers an area of 9219.30 km2.
Prime Minister of Singapore
The first time there was a Prime Minister was in 1959 and it was chosen by the Governor of Singapore and later the Yang di-Pertuan Negara (head of state), when Singapore could have the power to govern as the State of Singapore inside the British Empire. The title of Prime Minister did not change after Singapore merged with the Federation of Malaya, Sarawak and British North Borneo, while Singapore was a state in the Federation of Malaysia from 1963 to 1965, and after independence in 1965.
Lee Kuan Yew was the first prime minister of Singapore from 1959 to 1990 and retired on 26 November 1990. Goh Chok Tong took over Lee Kuan Yew, while Lee Kuan Yew was given the job of Senior Minister in the Prime Minister's Office. Goh Chok Tong retired on 12 August 2004 and was replaced by Lee Kuan Yew's son Lee Hsien Loong. Goh was given the job of Senior Minister, and the older Lee the job of Minister Mentor.
List of deputy prime ministers
The Deputy Prime Minister (DPM) is the second highest position and the second most senior Cabinet Minister in Singapore. The DPM will sometimes become the Acting Prime Minister when the Prime Minister is temporarily not in Singapore. Since the mid-1980s, Singapore has usually had two Deputy Prime Ministers at one time.
(1) Ong Teng Cheong and Tony Tan served under more than one Prime Minister during their time as Deputy Prime Minister.
Rhipidistia
The Rhipidistia are lobe-finned fish, and include the ancestors of the tetrapods. The Rhipidistia are a subgroup of Sarcopterygii which includes the lungfish (Dipnoi) and the tetrapodomorphs.
Amminadab
Amminadab was a man mentioned in the Bible as an ancestor of Jesus.
Rhipidistia
As cladistic understanding of the vertebrates has improved over the last few decades a monophyletic Rhipidistia is now understood to include the ancestor of the whole Tetrapoda.
Taxonomy
Rhipidistia
Amminadab
He was a son of Ram and father of Nahshon and Elisheva, who married priest Aaron.
Jessica Simpson
She has starred in the movies The Dukes of Hazzard (2005) and Employee of the Month (2006)
Amminadab
Laurence Gardner proposed Amminadab to be pharaoh Akhenaten.
Jessica Simpson
Early life
Jessica Simpson was born in Abilene, Texas. She is the daughter of Tina Ann and Joseph Truett. She has a sister whose name is Ashlee Simpson who is also a singer. At first, Simpson sang at a local church. At age twelve, she auditioned for The Mickey Mouse Club, but was not selected.
Personal life
Simpson was married to musician Nick Lachey from 2002 until they divorced in 2006.
Simpson began dating NFL tight end Eric Johnson in 2010. The couple has 2 children together—daughter Maxwell Drew Johnson (born May 1, 2012) and son Ace Simpson Johnson (born February 22, 2013).
Awan
Awan was the second daughter of Adam and Eve in the Abrahamic religions. Awan was also the sister-wife of Cain. Although Awan was first paired in a sibcestual pairing with Abel, after Abel was killed by her twin Cain, her marriage to him became a twincestual marriage.
Ahmose (queen)
Ahmose was an Ancient Egyptian queen in the Eighteenth Dynasty. She was the Great Royal Wife of the dynasty's third pharaoh, Thutmose I, and the mother of the queen and pharaoh Hatshepsut. Her name means "Born of the Moon".
Saint-Georges-d'Aunay
Saint-Georges-d'Aunay is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Seulline.
Cuz I Love You
Cuz I Love You is the third studio album by American singer and rapper Lizzo. It is Lizzo's first album on a major label and was released through Nice Life and Atlantic Records on April 19, 2019. The album features guest appearances from Missy Elliott and Gucci Mane. Two singles "Juice" and "Tempo" (with Missy Elliott) were released from the album.
The deluxe edition of the album was released on May 3. It won Best Urban Contemporary Album at the 62nd Annual Grammy Awards. It includes the single "Truth Hurts". "Truth Hurts" peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100.
Sumatran orangutan
The Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii) is one of the three species of orangutans. Found only in the north of the Indonesian island of Sumatra, it is rarer than the Bornean orangutan but more common than the recently identified Tapanuli orangutan, also found in Sumatra.
Accordion (movie)
Accordion (Гармонь) is a 1934 Soviet movie directed by Igor Savchenko. It stars Zoya Fyodorova, Pyotr Savin, and Igor Savchenko.
Mile
A mile is a unit of length. There are many different kinds of mile but mile on its own usually means the statute mile.
Statute mile
In the US and the UK the word mile usually means the statute mile.
Nautical mile
The nautical mile is used for sea or air travel.
The nautical mile was originally defined as one minute of arc along a line of longitude of the Earth. There are 60 minutes of arc in one degree or arc (60' = 1°). So there were 10,800 nautical miles from the North Pole to the South Pole.
Now the nautical mile is defined as 1,852 metres.
Midwife
A midwife is a woman who aids another woman through labor, delivery, and the time after its birth.
Mile
Roman mile
The mile was first used by the Romans. It comes from the Latin phrase mille passus (plural: milia passuum). This means "one thousand paces". A pace is the distance each foot moves when taking one step.
Elisheva
Elisheva or Elisheba was a wife of the priest Aaron. They are mentioned in the Bible. Aaron was a brother of the prophet Moses.
Mile
Other miles
Different miles have been used throughout history in various parts of the world. In Norway and Sweden, for example, a mil is a unit of length which is equal to 10 kilometres.
Elisheva
She is known as Alishahda in Islam.
Mile
Idioms
Even in English-speaking countries that use the metric system (for example, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand), the mile is still used in many idioms. These include:
Elisheva
Her father was Amminadab and her brother was Nahshon.
Her sons were Nadab and Abihu, Ithamar and Eleazar.
She was buried in the Tomb of the Matriarchs.
Saint-Georges-en-Auge
Saint-Georges-en-Auge is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Saint-Pierre-en-Auge.
Saint-Germain-Langot
Saint-Germain-Langot is a commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Hurricane Iwa
Hurricane Iwa was a hurricane that hit the U.S. state of Hawaii. Iwa was the 23rd tropical storm of the 1982 Pacific hurricane season. The hurricane formed on November 1982, and passed near Kauai on November 24. It died out the next day.
The storm caused very bad damage on the islands of Niihau, Kauai, and Oahu. Some wind gusts reached 100 mph (160 km/h), and waves were over 30 feet (9 m) high. Iwa damaged or destroyed 2,345 buildings and left 500 people without homes. The storm caused four deaths.
List of Israel Twenty20 International cricketers
This is a list of Israeli Twenty20 International cricketers who have played Twenty20 International cricket for Israel. They played their first match against Portugal on 28 June 2022.
Józef Wesołowski
Józef Wesołowski (15 July 1948 – 27 August 2015) was a Polish prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was forcibly laicized by the Holy See in 2014. He was the Apostolic Nuncio to the Dominican Republic from January 2008 until he was recalled in August 2013.
Authorities in the Dominican Republic are investigating allegations of child abuse against him. In June 2015, it was announced by the Vatican that he would stand trial for charges of possessing child pornography, and faced a possible prison term.
Wesołowski was found dead in his residence in the Vatican on 27 August 2015. A Vatican statement said that he likely died of natural causes.
Margarine
Margarine is an artificial butter. It can be made from vegetable oil, or animal fat. It may also contain skimmed milk, salt and emulsifiers. Margarine is used in many baked products. It contains less fat than butter, so is often chosen instead of it. There are also "low fat" margarines, which contain even less fat. However, many types of margarine are made with hydrogenated oils. Products with hydrogenated oil have trans fats, which are unhealthy and can cause heart disease. Other fats, like olive oil, and butter, are a better choice for cooking.
Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
The United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees is an international agreement that defines who is a refugee. It lists the rights of people who are granted asylum (allowed to live in another country because it is not safe to live in their home country). It also lists the responsibilities of countries that give asylum to refugees.
The Convention also says which people are not seen as refugees, like war criminals.
History
The Convention was approved at a special United Nations conference on 28 July 1951. At first, it only talked about protecting European refugees after World War II. There were limits on how long the Convention would last, and who it protected.
But in 1967, a "protocol" (change) to the Convention took away these limits. This protocol made the Convention apply to all refugees.
Because the convention was approved in Geneva, it is often called "the Geneva Convention." But it is not one of the more well-known Geneva Conventions that talk about what kind of behavior is allowed during wars.
Denmark was the first state to ratify (agree to) the treaty, on 4 December 1952. Today, 147 countries have agreed to the Convention, the Protocol, or both. (See the map on this page.)
Chapter I. Definition of a Refugee
Chapter 1 is made up of Articles from 1 to 11. Article 1 of the Convention (as updated) by the 1967 Protocol, gives the definition of a refugee:
This means a refugee is someone who is had to leave their home country because, if they stayed, they would be persecuted (treated badly) because of:
Chapter II. Juridical Status
Chapter II is made up of Articles 12 to 16. These talk about:
Chapter III. Gainful Employment
Chapter III talks about people's rights to work:
Chapter IV. Welfare
Chapter IV talks about refugees' rights to:
Chapter V. Administrative Measure
Chapter V is made of Articles 25 to 34. These articles talk about the refugees' legal rights:
June Leaf
June Leaf (born 1929) is an American artist. She is known for her abstract allegorical paintings and drawings. She also works in modernist kinetic sculpture.
She married filmmaker and photographer, Robert Frank in 1971.
Her work is included in many permanent art collections including, the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the Art Institute of Chicago, Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago, Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), Minneapolis Institute of Art, and other.
Monty Python and the Holy Grail
Monty Python and the Holy Grail is the second movie made by Monty Python. It was made in 1974 and was very successful. It is still very popular, and considered one of the best comedy films ever made. It was also made into a musical called Spamalot.
Story
This is a comedy about King Arthur's search for the Holy Grail. He gathers a group of knights around him. They do not ride horses - instead, they clap coconut halves together, to make the sound of a horse galloping. They search for the grail, but keep on getting distracted by peasants (poor farmers) who want to talk about politics, or French knights insulting them.
The movie was made in Scotland.
Auronzo di Cadore
The municipality of Auronzo di Cadore includes the mountain group of the Tre Cime di Lavaredo and Lake Misurina. The river Ansiei is dammed to make Santa Caterina Lake, which borders the town.
Engine knocking
Engine knocking is the sound produced in an internal combustion engine when the fuel does not ignite properly. The mixture of petrol and air is meant to be ignited only by the spark plug at the right moment in the stroke of the piston in the engine. If there is a problem with the engine, this fuel and air mixture can be ignited at the wrong time by pressure and heat. The explosion of the mixture makes a destructive knocking sound. This uncontrolled explosion can damage the engine and may even destroy it.
Jonathan Bush
Jonathan James Bush (May 6, 1931 – May 5, 2021) was an American banker. He was born in Greenwich, Connecticut. Bush was the brother of President George H. W. Bush and uncle of President George W. Bush. His son, Billy Bush is a television personality.
Bush founded J. Bush & Co., which provided discreet banking services for the Washington, D.C., embassies of foreign governments for many years. In 1997, Riggs Bank bought J. Bush & Co. and made Bush CEO & President of Riggs Investment, a firm based in New Haven, Connecticut.
Bush died one day before his 90th birthday on May 5, 2021. At the time of his death, he was the last surviving child of Prescott Bush and Dorothy Walker Bush.
Saint-Germain-d'Ectot
Saint-Germain-d'Ectot is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Aurseulles.
Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago
The Museum of Contemporary Art (MCA) Chicago is a contemporary art museum near Water Tower Place in downtown Chicago in Cook County, Illinois, United States.
The museum is run gallery-style, with individually curated exhibitions throughout the year. Each exhibition may be composed of temporary loans, pieces from their permanent collection, or a combination of the two.
Keylor Navas
Keylor Antonio Navas Gamboa (born December 15, 1986) is a Costa Rican professional footballer who plays as goalkeeper for Paris Saint-Germain F.C. and the Costa Rica national football team. He currently wears the number 1 shirt for both teams.
Club
1 Includes UEFA Super Cup and FIFA Club World Cup matches.
Henriette Delrue
Henriette Delrue was a French competitive swimmer from Tourcoing during the late 1910s and early 1920s. She was specialized in the backstroke and freestyle. Delrue was a member of Enfants de Neptune de Tourcoing. She was the national record holder in the 100 metre backstroke and won medals at the national swimming championships.
Swimming career
In 1919 she participated at the national swimming championships in Lille. In 1921 she became national record holder in the 100 metre backstroke with a time of 1:48.4 she set in Tourcoing on 31 July. The next month at the national championships she won the silver medal in the inaugural 100 metre backstroke with a time of 1:53.2 behind Irma Burr. She won another silver medal in the inaugural 400 metre freestyle with a time of 8:30.4 behind Ernestine Lebrun. In 1923 she won with her team at the national championships the silver medal in the 250 metre freestyle relay.
Border states (American Civil War)
The Border states were those states that during the American Civil War did not leave the Union. The border states were Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri. After West Virginia separated from Virginia, it was also considered a border state. Most border states had strong ties to the South culturally, but they had economic ties to the North. While remaining loyal to the Union, the Border States were themselves slave-holding states.
In the Border States the war caused divided loyalties. They were the scene of often brutal guerilla warfare where neighbor fought against neighbor. The bitter feelings in the Border States lasted long after the Civil war.
Pakistani folklore
Pakistan has a wide variety of folklore, mostly circulated regionally. However, certain tales have related variants in other regions of the country or in neighbouring countries. Some folktales like Shirin and Farhad are told in Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan, Turkey, and almost all nations of Central Asia and Middle East, with all having claimed the folklore to have originated in their land. Pakistani mythology here means the myths and sacred narratives of the culturally and linguistically related group of ancient peoples who inhabited the ancient Pakistan and its borderlands.
Fagun Bou
Recurring Cast and Characters
Ayandeep's family
Border states (American Civil War)
Background
In the border states, slavery was already dying out in urban areas and the regions without cotton. Several cities were rapidly industrializing, including Baltimore, Louisville, and St. Louis. By 1860, most of the African Americans in Delaware were free. By the start of the Civil War, slave ownership in the south had become concentrated into fewer and fewer hands. In 1830, 36% of Southern families owned slaves. By 1860, the number had fallen to 25%. In the Upper South it had fallen even more. In 1830, slaves made up 18% of the population. In 1860, they made up only 10%. During the same period in Kentucky, it fell from 24% to 19%. In Maryland, it went from 23% to 13%. Some slaveholders made a profit by selling surplus slaves to traders to be resold in the slave markets in the Deep South. They needed field hands for the cotton plantations.
In the South, slavery had become less and less useful to farmers as tobacco prices began to fall after the American Revolutionary War. But in 1793, Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin. This made Southern grown cotton highly profitable. Cotton also required large numbers of slaves. Most Southerners, however, did not own slaves. But by 1860 cotton and slavery was the strong link in the Southern economy. Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri, which had many areas with much stronger cultural and economic ties to the South than the North, were deeply divided.
Jay, Maine
Jay is a town in Franklin County, Maine. It was founded in 1785. 4,985 people live there.
Border states (American Civil War)
The five border states
Each of these five states shared a border with Union states. All but Delaware also share borders with states that joined the Confederate States of America (CSA).
If and only if
In logic and mathematics, if and only if (sometimes abbreviated as iff) is a logical operator denoting a logical biconditional (often symbolized by or\iff). It is often used to conjoin two statements which are logically equivalent.
Border states (American Civil War)
Delaware
By 1860 Delaware was tied to the Northern economy and slavery was rare except in the southern parts of the state. Overall, 91.7% of the black population of Delaware was free by this time. Both houses of the state General Assembly rejected secession. Delaware's lower house was unanimous in rejecting the idea. The state senate voted against secession five to three. Many of the state's politicians including the governor, their two U.S. Senators and their sole representative in Congress, were sympathetic towards the South. But the state legislature better represented the feelings of the people of the state in remaining with the Union. However, they also disapproved of forceful abolitionism. Generally, most people in the state wanted a compromise that would prevent a war between the North and South.
Maryland
Maryland found itself trapped by the war. The state was split. They were clearly tied economically to the North but culturally to the South. By 1860, 49.1% of Maryland's black population was free. But Maryland's Southern and Eastern counties had a history of over 200 years of using slaves in growing tobacco and other crops. This put them in a difficult position. Their politicians had worked hard to prevent government from interfering with slavery in their counties. In the 1860 presidential election, Lincoln did not receive a single vote from these counties. This was in spite of the fact that Lincoln promised not to interfere with slavery in the states where it already existed. But the Maryland legislature never considered a resolution to secede from the Union. The governor suggested calling a convention to consider secession, but the legislature ignored his request.
If and only if
In general, given two statement A and B, the statement "A if and only if B" is true precisely when both A and B are true or both A and B are false. In which case, A can be thought of as the logical substitute of B (and vice versa).
Border states (American Civil War)
Maryland
On April 19, 1861, Union troops moving through Baltimore were attacked by angry mobs of Southern sympathizers. It left 14 people dead and lasted for three days. Many rushed to the outskirts of Baltimore to set up roadblocks to try to prevent Union troops from passing through the city. The riots and protests might have led to secession had they been organized. But Union troops moving to Washington, D.C. were quickly changed to being transported by water to avoid the tense situation in Baltimore. Throughout the winter and spring of 1861, Maryland decided against neutrality and against joining the Confederacy. But in May of 1861, acting without orders, General Benjamin Franklin Butler marched into Baltimore. He occupied Federal Hill and set up cannons threatening anyone who would move against them. Lincoln was furious and promptly relieved Butler of his command. Still, the Massachusetts troops were left on Federal Hill. To prevent further trouble Lincoln suspended habeas corpus and imprisoned without charges or trials one sitting U.S. congressman as well the mayor, police chief, entire Board of Police, and the city council of Baltimore.
If and only if
An "if and only if" statement is also called a necessary and sufficient condition. For example:
Border states (American Civil War)
Maryland
Chief Justice Roger Taney, acting only as a circuit judge, ruled on June 4, 1861, in Ex parte Merryman that Lincoln's suspension of habeas corpus was unconstitutional, but the president ignored the ruling in order to meet a national emergency. On September 17, 1861, the day the legislature reconvened, federal troops arrested without charge 27 state legislators (one-third of the Maryland General Assembly). They were held temporarily at Fort McHenry, and later released when Maryland was secured for the Union. Because a large part of the legislature was now imprisoned, the session was canceled and representatives did not consider any additional anti-war measures. The song "Maryland, My Maryland" was written to attack Lincoln's action in blocking pro-Confederate elements. Maryland contributed troops to both the Union (60,000) and the Confederate (25,000) armies. During the war, Maryland adopted a new state constitution in 1864 that prohibited slavery. It also freed all remaining slaves in the state.
If and only if
This makes it clear that Madison will eat all and only those fruits that are apples. She will not leave any apple uneaten, and she will not eat any other type of fruit. That a given fruit is an apple is both a necessary and a sufficient condition for Madison to eat the fruit.
Note that the truth table shown is also equivalent to the XNOR gate.
Border states (American Civil War)
Kentucky
Lincoln reportedly also declared, "I hope to have God on my side, but I must have Kentucky." In the spring of 1861, Kentucky Governor Beriah Magoffin along with the state legislature declared the state would remain neutral. They would not provide troops to either the Union or the Confederacy. At the same time the declaration offered to mediate a peace between the two sides.
Neutrality was broken when Confederate General Leonidas Polk occupied Columbus, Kentucky, in the summer of 1861. This caused Kentucky to call for Northern aid to repel the Confederate invaders. Union General Ulysses S. Grant, who was waiting across the Ohio River in Illinois, moved to occupy Paducah and Southland, Kentucky. Polk's blunder cost the Confederacy any chance of getting Kentucky to join them. The occupied areas gave the Union a tremendous advantage in both Kentucky and Tennessee. During the war, about 35,000 men from Kentucky joined the Confederacy. Those who joined the Union army totaled about 74,000, including about 24,000 African Americans.
Missouri
Missouri had been involved in fighting on the Kansas-Missouri border since 1854 over the issue of slavery. The dispute was aptly named Bleeding Kansas. When the Civil War began on April 12, 1861, the entire state of Missouri was firmly divided between pro-Confederate and pro-Union forces. The governor of Missouri, Claiborne Jackson refused to send volunteers from the state to fight for Abraham Lincoln when he called for troops. Instead, the governor had the state militia muster outside the city to begin training in preparation to join the Confederate forces. He called upon the legislature to authorize a state constitutional convention on secession. A special election approved of the convention, and sent delegates to it. This Missouri Constitutional Convention voted to remain within the Union.