cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Kiwi
Habitat
Kiwi are threatened by many mammals. Stoats are the main threat for the kiwi chicks. Ferrets and dogs kill adult kiwi.
Jorge Obeid
Jorge Alberto Obeid (24 November 1947 – 28 January 2014) was an Argentine Justicialist Party (PJ) politician, currently an Argentine Chamber of Deputies and former governor of Santa Fe Province until 2007.
Obeid was born in Diamante, Entre Ríos on 24 November 1947. He died on 28 January 2014 of a pulmonary embolism.
Grincourt-lès-Pas
Grincourt-lès-Pas is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Archaefructus
Archaefructus is an extinct genus of herbaceous aquatic seed plants. Its fossils come from the Yixian Formation in northeastern China, about 125 million years ago in the early Cretaceous. Archaefructus is the earliest known genus of flowering plants.
It lacks sepals and petals. Its reproductive organs, carpels and stamens, are produced on an elongate stem rather than condensed into a flower as in modern angiosperms. Archaefructaceae has been proposed as a new basal angiosperm family.
An alternate interpretation of the same fossil has the long stem as an inflorescence rather than a flower, with staminate (male) flowers below and pistillate (female) flower above. The discovery of Archaefructus eoflora supports this interpretation, because a bisexual flower is present between staminate and pistillate organs. If this is correct, Archaefructus may not be basal within angiosperms, but it may be close to the Nymphaeales or the basal eudicots.
Douglas, Massachusetts
Douglas is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States.
Max Mayfield
Britt Max Mayfield (born on September 19, 1948 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma) is a meteorologist. He was the director of the National Hurricane Center from 2000 to 2007. As director, Mayfield became a trusted voice in preparing for weather-related disasters, particularly those involving tropical storms and hurricanes.
Seamus Mallon
Seamus Frederick Mallon (17 August 1936 – 24 January 2020) was an Irish Gaelic footballer and politician. He was deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland from 1998 to 2001 and Deputy Leader of the Social Democratic and Labour Party from 1979 to 2001. He also was a Seanad Éireann in 1986 and MP from 1986 to 2005.
Mallon was born in Markethill, Northern Ireland. He studied at St Mary's University College, Belfast.
He first played club football for Middletown during the 1950s then with Keady Dwyers, Queen's University and Crossmaglen Rangers.
Mallon died in Markethill, County Armagh, Ireland on 24 January 2020 of cancer, aged 83.
Tony Ranasinghe
Tony Ranasinghe (31 July 1937 – 16 June 2015) was a Sri Lankan actor. He was known for his roles in Hanthane Kathawa (1969), Duhulu Malak (1976) and Ahasin Polawata (1979). Ranasinghe was born in Modara, Sri Lanka.
Ranasinghe died on 16 June 2015 at a public hospital in Colombo at the age of 77.
Grand-Rullecourt
Grand-Rullecourt is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Western Victoria Region
The region includes the Legislative Assembly (lower house) electoral districts of Bellarine, Eureka, Geelong, Lara, Lowan, Melton, Polwarth, Ripon, South Barwon, South-West Coast and Wendouree.
Omatako Constituency
Omatako Constituency is a constituency in the Otjozondjupa Region of Namibia. It 11,998 people living there. There are small settlements in the constituency, including Kalkfeld, Hochfeld and Ovitoto, as well as the Osire refugee camp and the Osona military base.
Politics
In 2015, Omatako became one of the few constituency without a SWAPO councillor. Israel Hukuva of the National Unity Democratic Organisation won with 1,187 votes, beating SWAPO's candidate Susana Mutjitua Hikopua, who gained 1,144 votes, followed by Helga Tjipe of the Democratic Turnhalle Alliance who gained 156 votes.
White-faced whistling duck
The white-faced whistling duck (Dendrocygna viduata) is a whistling duck that breeds in sub-Saharan Africa and many parts of South America.
Tegnér church
A Tegnér church (Tegnérkyrka) or Tegnér barn (Tegnérlada) is a popular nickname given to a type of church building. They are usually located in rural Sweden. They were often built during the late 18th century and the early 19th century. They were built when Esaias Tegnér was bishop of the Diocese of Växjö in the Church of Sweden. The term mostly became popular in Småland.
Grigny, Pas-de-Calais
Grigny, Pas-de-Calais is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Tegnér church
These buildings are usually white. They are built in Neoclassicist style. They have a tall tower connected to the main building. Many of the buildings were built to replace demolished Medieval churches. The new churches were larger and could hold more people inside. This was needed because the population of Sweden was increasing.
Aumont family
The title of Duke of Aumont was established in 1665. It was first given to Antoine d'Aumont de Rochebaron (1601–1669). For a long time, the dukes of Aumont had the title of first Gentleman of the Chamber of the King (gentilhomme de la chambre du Roi). They were a fairly influential and wealthy family. They owned the Hôtel d'Aumont a large townhouse in Paris. The family also had many other titles including "Marquis of Villequier". This was sometimes used by the heir to the ducal title.
Descendants
The present reigning Prince of Monaco is a direct descendant of the family.
Dudley, Massachusetts
Dudley is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States.
Reimerswaal
Reimerswaal, Zeelandic: Reimerswaol, is a municipality on the former island of Zuid-Beveland, Province of Zeeland, the Netherlands.
About 22,000 people were living in Reimerswaal in 2017.
North of the municipality lies the Eastern Scheldt, south the Western Scheldt.
Yerseke is the biggest village in Reimerswaal. It is famous for its breeding of blue mussels and oysters.
Settlements
Villages with people in the municipality of Reimerswaal:
Electoral regions of Victoria
In Victorian politics, an electoral region is a region of the Victorian Legislative Council, the upper house of the Victorian Parliament. The Legislative Council has 40 members, with five elected from the eight regions. They have existed since the 2006 state election, after major reforms from the Labor government of Steve Bracks in 2003.
List
There are currently eight electoral regions in Victoria, three rural ones and five metropolitan ones:
The boundaries of these regions were last redrawn in 2021 for the 2022 state election.
Godzilla (1998 movie)
Godzilla is a 1998 American monster movie directed and co-written by Roland Emmerich. The movie is a reimagining of Toho's Godzilla franchise and is the 23rd movie in the franchise and the first Godzilla movie to be completely produced by a Hollywood studio. The movie stars Matthew Broderick, Jean Reno, Maria Pitillo, Hank Azaria, Kevin Dunn, Michael Lerner, and Harry Shearer. The film is dedicated to Tomoyuki Tanaka, the co-creator and producer of various Godzilla movies, who died in April 1997. a mutated iguana creature over 60-meter long called Godzilla attacks Manhattan, New York from its terrorized.
The A.V. Club
The A.V. Club is an entertainment news website. It has articles about popular culture for example television and movies. It is part of Great Hill Partners with Jezebel, The Onion, Gizmodo, and others. Unlike The Onion, A.V. Club publishes factually true content. The writers pracitice journalism: they write real news from real interviews and real sources. The A.V. Club's main website has more than one million visitors per month.
Name
"AV club" is for "audiovisual club." In the United States in the late 20th century, many high schools would have clubs for students who wanted to use and learn about speakers, projectors, and other early video and audio equipment.
The Piano Guys
The Piano Guys are an American musical group. The members are Jon Schmidt, Steven Sharp Nelson, Tel Stewart, Paul Anderson and Al van der Beek. They became famous because of YouTube, where they posted videos of renditions and mashups of popular songs with professional-looking video shots, edited by Paul Anderson and Tel Stewart. In December 2011, they released their first album, called Hits Volume 1. Their second album, The Piano Guys, got to number one on the Billboard New Age Albums and Classical Albums charts in 2012.
Success
Several of the group's YouTube videos have more than 15 million views. As of August 25, 2013, The Piano Guys' YouTube channel has more than 263 million video views altogether, and more than 1.8 million subscribers.
Abbey Road Studios
Abbey Road Studios, usually called just "Abbey Road", are the recording studios in EMI's headquarters in St. John's Wood, London, England.
Abbey Road had three different studios for most of its history. Other space was turned into a fourth studio later. Studio One is large, and used to be a ballroom. Symphony orchestras and very large bands and groups are recorded there. Studio Two is smaller, and works best for small combos or groups of musicians. Studio Three is much smaller, and is meant for soloists and duos. Studio Four is mostly for post-production, where changes are made to earlier recordings.
Howard Hawks
Howard Winchester Hawks (May 30, 1896 – December 26, 1977) was an American movie director, producer and screenwriter of the classic Hollywood era. The classic Hollywood era was the time between 1917 and 1960 when American films first started to be created. During the classical Hollywood era, directors learned how to make films tell stories in ways that are still used today.
Hawks made many different kinds of films. He made funny films, dramas, gangster films, science fiction, film noir, and westerns. He made many popular movies. Some of them are Scarface (1932), Bringing Up Baby (1938), Only Angels Have Wings (1939), His Girl Friday (1940), To Have and Have Not (1944), The Big Sleep (1946), Red River (1948), The Thing from Another World (1951), and Rio Bravo (1959). Hawks often included strong women who talked a lot in his films. This kind of woman was in so many of Hawks's films that people now call that type of woman a "Hawksian woman."
In 1942, other movie people in the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences nominated Hawks for the Academy Award for Best Director for his work making Sergeant York. In 1975 the Academy gave Hawks an Honorary Academy Award Hawks's work has influenced some of the most popular movie directors such as Martin Scorsese, Robert Altman, John Carpenter, and Quentin Tarantino.
Family
Howard Winchester Hawks was born in Goshen, Indiana, the first child of Frank W. Hawks (1865–1950), who made his money making paper, and his wife, Helen (née Howard; 1872–1952), the daughter of a businessman with money. Hawks's family on his father's side were American pioneers and his old family member John Hawks had come from England to Massachusetts in 1630. The family lived in Goshen and by the 1890s was one of the richest families in the Midwest, because the Goshen Milling Company made a lot of money.
Education
Between 1906 and 1909, the Hawks family started to live in Pasadena, California because of the cold Wisconsin winters. This helped Helen Hawks's ill health. Little by little they started to live in Wisconsin only in the summers. They then moved to Pasadena for good in 1910. The family lived in a house down the street from Throop Polytechnic Institute (later known as the California Institute of Technology). The Hawks children started going to the school's Polytechnic Elementary School in 1907.
Hawks did okay in school. He did not do well in sports, but by 1910 he made up coaster racing, an early kind of soapbox racing. In 1911, Hawks's younger sister Helen died suddenly of food poisoning. From 1910 to 1912, Hawks went to Pasadena High School. But in 1912, the Hawks family moved to Glendora, California. Frank Hawks had orange trees there. Hawks ended his junior year of high school at Citrus Union High School in Glendora. When there he flew planes for performers.
He was then sent to Phillips Exeter Academy in New Hampshire from 1913 to 1914. His family's money may have been a part his being let into the high-end private school. He was only seventeen, but he was let in as a student the same level of a sophomore. While in New England, Hawks went to the movie houses in Boston. In 1914, Hawks went back to Glendora and graduated from Pasadena High School that year.
That same year, Hawks was let into Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. He studied mechanical engineering and was a part of Delta Kappa Epsilon. School friend Ray S. Ashbury remembered Hawks spending more of his time playing craps and drinking alcohol than studying. Hawks also loved reading popular American and English books in school.
While working in the movie industry in his 1916 summer vacation, Hawks made an attempt to change schools to Stanford University. He was not let in. He went to Cornell that September. He left in April 1917 to join the Army when the United States joined World War I. Like a lot of students who joined the armed services in the war, he got a degree in absentia in 1918. Before Hawks went to war, he went back to Hollywood and by the end of April 1917 was working on a Cecil B. DeMille movie.
Early film career
In 1916, Hawks met Victor Fleming, a Hollywood filmmaker who had fixed cars and flown planes. Fleming started in the movie industry when a friend, Marshall Neilan, told movie director Allan Dwan that Fleming could fix his car. (Fleming left an impression on Dwan by quickly fixing his car and a broken camera.) By 1916, Fleming was a cinematographer.
Hawks met Fleming when he started racing and working on a Mercer race car—bought for him by his grandfather, C.W. Howard—during his 1916 summer vacation in California. They say he met Fleming when the two men raced on a dirt track and caused an accident.
Fleming gave Hawks's his first job in the movie industry, as a prop boy on the Douglas Fairbanks movie In Again, Out Again (on which Fleming worked as the cinematographer) for Famous Players-Lasky. Hawks said, a new place to be filmed needed to be made quickly when the studio's set designer could not be there, so Hawks offered to do the job. He did a good job. Fairbanks was happy. He then worked making things used in the movie and general helper on an unknown movie put together by Cecil B. DeMille. (Hawks never said what film in interviews and DeMille made five movies about in that time).
East Brookfield, Massachusetts
East Brookfield is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States.
L'Atalante basin
The L'Atalante basin is a very salty 'lake' at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea.
35.18°N, 21.41°W
It is about 190 km (~120 miles) west of the island of Crete. It is called a 'lake' because, though it is under more than two miles of water, it is almost completely separate from the sea above it. Its huge salt content prevents the waters mixing. Sometimes these lakes are called brine pools. They are found in many oceans; there is one in the Gulf of Mexico.
How it formed
L'Atalante is only one of several such lakes underneath the normal waters of the Mediterranean. When the Strait of Gibraltar was closed, about six million years ago, the Mediterranean dried up and became a huge salt lake, rather like the Dead Sea and the Great Salt Lake are today. Then it dried out completely, leaving an enormous amount of salt. When the Straight of Gibraltar opened again about five million years ago, water from the Atlantic Ocean rushed in to form the Mediterranean we see today. Even today, the Atlantic feeds the Mediterranean with water, because the evaporation from the 'Med' is greater than is provided by its rivers. With its huge supply of salt underneath, and the constant evaporation, the Med is a high salt sea compared with the Atlantic.
The L'Atalanta lake and its neighbours the Urania and Discovery lakes are about 35,000 years old. They were formed by salt deposits dissolving out of the Mediterranean Ridge and collecting in deep depressions at the bottom of the Med. L'Atalante is the smallest of the three. Its surface begins at about 3500 m below sea level.
Salt content
L'Atalante's salinity (salt content) is near saturation, at 36.5%, about eight times more than seawater. This prevents the water in the brine pool from mixing with the 'normal' seawater above. Without mixing, oxygen from above can't get into the brine pool. The basin's water is completely anoxic: it has no oxygen.
Between the normal water and the brine is a short (1.5 metres) boundary zone called a halocline. The salt content rises sharply there, and oxygen reduces towards zero. This halocline between the seawater above and the brine below has many bacterial and archaeal cells: they are chemoautotrophs, which feed on ammonia from the brine but cannot function without some oxygen. Certain methane oxidizers and haloarchaea are found only in the halocline.
Life without oxygen
Below, in the brine, the number of cells is much lower than in the halocline. Extremophiles are most common, including some of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent archaea and bacteria. Eukaryotes are also found in l'Atalante, mostly ciliates (45%), dinoflagellates (21%) and choanoflagellata (10%). p360–381
The dark grey anoxic sediments at the bottom of L'Atalante lake are covered with a 1 cm loose black layer. Microbes found in the sediments are almost all (90%) various species of Bacillus. In 2010, three metazoan species, all in the Loricifera phylum, were discovered living in the sediment, the first multicellular lifeforms known to live entirely without oxygen.
Great auk
The great auk was a large bird, that could not fly. People hunted it for meat and feathers. It grew rare, because it was too easy to kill, and the ones left could not breed fast enough to make up for the lost ones. The last known great auks (there were two auks) were killed on June 3, 1844 in Iceland. It lived mostly in the water, like a duck.
Penguins got their name from the great auk. The word "penguin" was the Celtic word for "great auk". When sailors saw penguins for the first time, they thought they looked like great auks.
The great auk was covered in black feathers, but had white feathers on its chest and abdomen. It had very short wings, like stubs, which meant it could not fly. On land it stood upright and was about 75 cm tall. They spent most of their time at sea, coming to shore in the summer to breed. They lived in large breeding colonies on low rocky islands in the north Atlantic Ocean from Canada to Norway. Females laid one egg on bare rock. In winter they went as far south as Florida and southern Spain.
References
Apparluk
Anti-tank gun
An anti-tank gun is a light artillery gun used to destroy tanks. The shells they fire are usually between 25 and 90 mm caliber (1 to 3.6 inches). They were used a lot in World War II. Later wars used them less, because smaller anti-tank weapons had been invented.
Grévillers
Grévillers is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Grafton, Massachusetts
Grafton is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States.
Hardwick, Massachusetts
Hardwick is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States.
Marie-Simone Jaudin
She competed at the 1967 UCI Road World Championships, 1969 UCI Road World Championships and 1970 UCI Road World Championships. At the track she won five silver and two bronze medals at the French National Track Championships in the individual pursuit and sprint event.
Harvard, Massachusetts
Harvard is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States.
Lisa (rapper)
Lalisa Manoban is a Thai rapper, singer, dancer, and model. She is based in South Korea and goes by the stage name Lisa. She is known as a member of Blackpink, the highest-charting female k-pop group. In 2021, she released her first solo single album named LALISA, which was a huge success.
Lisa was born in Thailand on 27 March 1997. In 2010, she passed a YG Entertainment audition in Thailand, the only one to pass out of a lot of people. She was invited to sign to them and was eventually added as a member of Blackpink.
Easton, Maryland
Easton, Maryland is an town and the county seat of Talbot County, Maryland, United States. The population was 15,945 at the 2010 census.
Phyllodytes maculosus
Phyllodytes maculosus is a frog. It lives in Brazil. It lives in the forest in Bahia and Minas Gerais.
Magnetic ink
Magnetic ink allows a computer to read characters even if they have been covered with signatures, cancellation marks, bank stamps, or other marks. MICR lines help facilitate automatic check-clearing when banks send their checks to central processing systems at the end of the day.
How it is made
A ferrofluid is used in the manufacturing of the magnetic ink. A ferrofluid consists of colloidal particles (nanoscale) composed of iron(II) and iron(III) compounds such as FeCl2 and FeCl3. A ferrofluid is attracted by a magnetic field but does not become permanently magnetized.
Fachhochschule Düsseldorf
The Fachhochschule Düsseldorf is a so-called Fachhochschule (university of applied sciences), that means a special kind of college, with technical, design and business subjects in Düsseldorf. It was founded in 1971.
Michael Gambon
Sir Michael John Gambon CBE (born 19 October 1940) is an Irish-born British actor with a career that spans nearly five decades and includes a variety of roles in movie, television and theatre.
Early life
Gambon was born on 19 October 1940 in Dublin during World War II. His father, Edward Gambon, was an engineer and his mother, Mary (née Hoare), was a seamstress. His father decided to seek work in the rebuilding of London, and so the family moved to Mornington Crescent in north London, when Gambon was five. His father had him made a British citizen — a decision that would later allow Michael to receive an actual, rather than honorary, knighthood and CBE. (although, under the British Nationality Act 1981 anyone born in Ireland before 1949 can still register as a British subject and, after five years' UK residence, as a British citizen).
Raised a strict Catholic, he attended St Aloysius Boys' School in Somers Town and served at the altar. He then moved to St Aloysius' College in Hornsey Lane, Highgate, London, whose former pupils included Peter Sellers. He later attended a school in Kent, before leaving with no qualifications at fifteen. He then gained an apprenticeship with Vickers Armstrong as a toolmaker. By the time he was 21 he was a fully qualified engineer. He kept the job for a further year – acquiring a fascination and passion for collecting antique guns, clocks and watches, as well as classic cars.
Early acting career
Aged 19, he joined the Unity Theatre in Kings Cross. Five years later he wrote a letter to Michael MacLiammoir, the Irish theatre impresario who ran Dublin's Gate Theatre. It was accompanied by a CV describing a rich and wholly imaginary theatre career – and he was taken on.
Gambon made his professional stage début in the Gaiety Theatre, Dublin's 1962 production of Othello, playing "Second Gentleman", followed by a European tour. A year later, cheekily auditioning with the opening soliloquy from Richard III, he caught the eye of star-maker Laurence Olivier who was recruiting promising spear-carriers for his new National Theatre Company. Gambon, along with Robert Stephens, Derek Jacobi and Frank Finlay, was hired as one of the ‘to be renowned’ and played any number of small roles. The company initially performed at the Old Vic, their first production being Hamlet, directed by Olivier and starring Peter O'Toole. He played for four years in many NT productions, including named roles in The Recruiting Officer and The Royal Hunt of the Sun, working with directors William Gaskill and John Dexter.
Work in the theatre
After three years at the Old Vic, Olivier advised Gambon to gain experience in provincial rep. In 1967, he left the NT for the Birmingham Repertory Company which was to give him his first crack at the title roles in Othello (his favourite), Macbeth and Coriolanus.
His rise to stardom began in 1974 when Eric Thompson cast him as the melancholy vet in Alan Ayckbourn's The Norman Conquests at Greenwich. A speedy transfer to the West End established him as a brilliant comic actor, squatting at a crowded dining table on a tiny chair and sublimely agonising over a choice between black or white coffee.
Back at the National, now on the South Bank, his next turning point was Peter Hall's premiere staging of Harold Pinter's Betrayal, an unexpectedly subtle performance — a production photograph shows him embracing Penelope Wilton with sensitive hands and long slim fingers (the touch of a master clock-maker). He is also one of the few actors to have mastered the harsh demands of the vast Olivier Theatre. As Simon Callow once said: “Gambon's ‘iron lungs and overwhelming charisma are able to command a sort of operatic full-throatedness which triumphs over hard walls and long distances.”
This was to serve him in good stead in John Dexter's masterly staging of The Life of Galileo in 1980, the first Brecht to become a popular success. Hall called him ‘unsentimental, dangerous and immensely powerful’, even the Sunday Times’ curmudgeonly critic of the day called his performance ‘a decisive step in the direction of great tragedy...great acting’, while fellow actors paid him the rare compliment of applauding him in the dressing room on the first night.
From the first Ralph Richardson dubbed him The Great Gambon, an accolade which stuck, outshining his 1990 CBE, even the later knighthood, although Gambon dismisses it as a circus slogan. But as Sheridan Morley perceptively remarked in 2000, when reviewing Cressida: ‘Gambon's eccentricity on stage now begins to rival that of his great mentor Richardson’. Also like Richardson, interviews are rarely given and raise more questions than they answer. Gambon is a very private person, a ‘non-starry star’ as Ayckbourn called him. Off-stage he prefers to back out of the limelight, an unpretentious guy sharing laughs with his fellow cast and crew.
While he has won screen acclaim, no-one who saw his ravaged King Lear at Stratford, while still in his early forties, will forget his superb double act with a red-nosed Antony Sher as the Fool sitting on his master's knee like a ventriloquist's doll. There were also notable appearances in Old Times at the Theatre Royal Haymarket, and as Volpone and the brutal sergeant in Pinter's Mountain Language.
David Hare's Skylight, with Lia Williams, which opened to rave reviews at the National in 1995, transferred first to Wyndhams Theatre and then on to Broadway for a four-month run which left him in a state of advanced exhaustion. “Skylight was ten times as hard to play as anything I’ve ever done” he told Michael Owen in the Evening Standard. “I had a great time in New York but couldn’t wait to get back”.
Gambon is almost the only leading actor not to grace Yasmina Reza's ART at Wyndham's. But together with Simon Russell Beale and Alan Bates he gave a deliciously droll radio account of the role of Marc. And for the RSC he shared Reza's two-hander The Unexpected Man with Eileen Atkins, first at The Pit in the Barbican and then at the Duchess Theatre, a production also intended for New York but finally delayed by other commitments.
In 2001, he portrayed what he described as “a physically repulsive’’ Davies in Patrick Marber's revival of Pinter's The Caretaker, but he found the rehearsal period an unhappy experience, and felt that he had let down the author. A year later, playing opposite Daniel Craig, he portrayed the father of a series of cloned sons in Caryl Churchill's A Number at the Royal Court, notable for a recumbent moment when he smoked a cigarette, the brightly lit spiral of smoke rising against a black backdrop, an effect which he dreamed up during rehearsals.
Screen success and acceptance
He made his movie debut in the Laurence Olivier Othello in 1965. He then played romantic leads, notably in the early 1970s BBC television series, The Borderers, in which he was swashbuckling Gavin Ker. As a result, Gambon was asked by James Bond producer Cubby Broccoli to audition for the role in 1970, to replace George Lazenby. His craggy looks soon made him into a character actor, although he won critical acclaim as Galileo in John Dexter's production of The Life of Galileo by Brecht at the National Theatre in 1980. But it was not until Dennis Potter's The Singing Detective (1986) that he became a household name. After this success, for which he won a BAFTA, his work includes movies such as The Cook, The Thief, His Wife and Her Lover which also starred Helen Mirren.
In 1992, he portrayed a psychotic general in the Barry Levinson movie Toys and he also starred as Georges Simenon's detective Inspector Jules Maigret in an ITV adaptation of Simenon's series of books. He starred as Fyodor Dostoevsky in the Hungarian director Károly Makk's movie The Gambler (1997) about the writing of Fyodor Dostoevsky's novella The Gambler.
Recent career
In recent years, movies such as Dancing at Lughnasa (1998) and Plunkett & Macleane (1998), as well as television appearances in series such as Wives and Daughters (1999) (for which he won another BAFTA), a made-for-TV adaptation of Samuel Beckett's Endgame (2001) and Perfect Strangers (2001) have revealed a talent for comedy. In 2004, he appeared in five movies, including Wes Anderson's quirky comedy The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou; the British gangster flick Layer Cake; theatrical drama Being Julia; and CGI action fantasy Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow.
Perhaps his most significant role in 2004, however, was Albus Dumbledore, Hogwarts' headmaster in the third installment of J. K. Rowling's franchise, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, taking over from fellow Irish actor Richard Harris, who had died of Hodgkins disease. (Harris had also played Maigret on television four years before Gambon took that role.) Gambon reprised the role of Albus Dumbledore in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, which was released in November 2005 in the UK and U.S. He returned to the role again in the fifth movie, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, which was released in 2007. He will once again return to portray Dumbledore in movie the sixth Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. Gambon admits not having read the Harry Potter novels and says that this is because he does not want to be upset by an extremely large change or death in the books. Similarly, he has also stated in an interview that, when playing Dumbledore, "I don't have to play anyone really. I just stick on a beard and play me, so it's no great feat. I never ease into a role – every part I play is just a variant of my own personality. I’m not really a character actor at all..."
Most recently, he was Joe in Beckett's Eh Joe, giving two performances a night at the Duke of York's Theatre in London. He currently does the voice over to the new Guinness ads with the penguins. In 2007 he played major roles in Stephen Poliakoff's Joe's Palace, and the five-part adaptation of Mrs Gaskell's Cranford novels, both for BBC TV.
Personal life
Gambon married Anne Miller when he was 22, but has always been secretive about his personal life. The couple live together in a country house in Kent. Gambon was invested by Prince Charles as a Knight Bachelor on 17 July 1998 for services to drama (Queen Elizabeth II's approval for the award was notified in the 1998 New Year Honours List) and his wife thus became Lady Gambon. The couple have a son, Fergus, who appears as an expert on the BBC's Antiques Roadshow.
In February 2015, Gambon spoke for the first time of the "frightening memory loss" that had forced him to retire from the stage after 50 years. He said he has taken the "heartbreaking" decision to stop after finding he could no longer remember his lines.
Hopedale, Massachusetts
Hopedale is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States.
Guarbecque
Guarbecque is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Tony Sampson
Tony Sampson (born July 26, 1977) is a Canadian actor and voice actor. He has played the role of Flash in the Canadian television drama The Odyssey and Eddy from Ed, Edd n Eddy. He also worked for Vancouver's Ocean Productions and Voicebox Productions, primarily in anime. After Ed, Edd n Eddy ended in 2009, Sampson retired from acting to work in the oil sands industry in Fort McMurray.
Dodo
The dodo (Raphus cucullatus) is an extinct species of flightless bird from Mauritius.
The Dodo has become a symbol of extinction caused by the arrival of humans in ecosystems where humans had never before lived.
The name 'Dodo'
The history of the word 'Dodo' is not clear. Dutch admiral Wybrand van Warwijck discovered the island and the bird in 1598 during an expedition to Indonesia. He called the bird 'walgvogel', meaning "disgusting bird" because he disliked the taste of the meat. Four years later, the Dutch captain, Willem van Westsanen, used the word 'Dodo' for the first time.
The Encarta Dictionary and the Chambers Dictionary of Etymology say "dodo" is a Portuguese word, coming from doido. It means "fool" or "crazy". Another idea is that 'dodo' was a copy of the bird's own call, a two-note pigeon like sound, "doo-doo". In 1606 Cornelis de Jonge wrote a description of the Dodo, and of other animal and plants on the island.
Extinction
The dodo was not scared of people which made it easy to hunt and kill. Dogs, cats, rats and pigs were left on the island and also killed the dodos. Because dodos built their nests on the ground, the new animals ate their eggs. The forests were chopped down and the dodo lost its habitat. Within 80 years, the dodo was extinct. The last confirmed dodo sighting in Mauritius was 1662, but a 2003 research by David Roberts and Andrew Solow estimated that the dodo lived another few decades unnoticed until around 1690.
The last known stuffed bird was at Oxford University and was thrown out as rubbish. Only a foot and a head are left. The American Museum of Natural History in New York has a skeleton showing. It was put together out of bones from several different Dodos. The Natural History Museum of Mauritius has the only complete skeleton of a dodo, found in a swamp.
Hans Georg Dehmelt
Hans Georg Dehmelt (9 September 1922 – 7 March 2017) was a German-born American physicist. He was awarded Nobel Prize in Physics in 1989, for co-developing the ion trap technique with Wolfgang Paul. They shared one-half of the prize (the other half of the Prize in that year was awarded to Norman Foster Ramsey). Their technique was used for high precision measurement of the electron g-factor.
Dehmelt died on 7 March 2017 in the Seattle, Washington from natural causes, aged 94.
Hubbardston, Massachusetts
Hubbardston is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States.
Nucleophile
A nucleophile is a species that donates an electron-pair to an electrophile to form a chemical bond in a reaction. All molecules or ions with a free pair of electrons can be nucleophiles. This pair of electrons is called lone pair. Because nucleophiles donate electrons, they fit the definition of Lewis bases.
Nucleophilic describes the attraction of a nucleophile to the nuclei. Nucleophilicity, sometimes referred to as nucleophile strength, refers to a substance's nucleophilic character and is often used to compare the attraction of atoms.
Neutral nucleophilic reactions with solvents such as alcohols and water are called "solvolysis". Nucleophiles may take part in nucleophilic substitution reactions. In those reactions, a nucleophile becomes attracted to a full or partial positive charge.
History
The terms nucleophile and electrophile were introduced by Christopher Kelk Ingold in 1929, replacing the terms cationoid and anionoid proposed earlier by A. J. Lapworth in 1925.
The word nucleophile is derived from nucleus and the Greek word φιλος, philos for love.
Properties
In general, within a row across the periodic table, the more basic the ion (the higher the pKa of the conjugate acid) the more reactive it is as a nucleophile. In a given group, polarizability is more important in the determination of the nucleophilicity. In other words, the easier it is to distort the electron cloud around an atom or molecule, the more readily it will react. For example, the iodide ion (I−) is more nucleophilic than the fluoride ion (F−).
Types of nucleophiles
In the example below, the oxygen of the hydroxide ion donates an electron pair to bond with the carbon at the end of the bromopropane molecule. The bond between the carbon and the bromine then undergoes heterolytic fission, with the bromine atom taking the donated electron and becoming the bromide ion (Br−). This is a SN2 reaction occurs by backside attack. This means that the hydroxide ion attacks the carbon atom from the other side, exactly opposite the bromine ion. Because of this backside attack, SN2 reactions result in a reversal of the configuration of the electrophile. If the electrophile is chiral, it typically keeps its chirality, though the SN2 product's configuration is flipped as compared to that of the original electrophile (Walden inversion).
An ambident nucleophile is one that can attack from two or more places, resulting in two or more products. For example, the thiocyanate ion (SCN−) may attack from either the S or the N. For this reason, the SN2 reaction of an alkyl halide with SCN− often leads to a mixture of RSCN (an alkyl thiocyanate) and RNCS (an alkyl isothiocyanate). Similar mixtures will happen in the Kolbe nitrile synthesis.
Carbon nucleophiles
Alkyl metal halides are carbon nucleophiles found in the Grignard reaction, Blaise reaction, Reformatsky reaction, and Barbier reaction, organolithium reagents, and anions of a terminal alkyne.
Enols are also carbon nucleophiles. The formation of an enol is catalyzed by acid or base. Enols are ambident nucleophiles, but, in general, nucleophilic at the carbon atom next to the carbons with double bond (alpha carbon atom). Enols are commonly used in condensation reactions, including the Claisen condensation and the aldol condensation reactions.
Oxygen nucleophiles
Examples of oxygen nucleophiles are water (H2O), hydroxide anion, alcohols, alkoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, and carboxylate anions.
Sulfur nucleophiles
Of sulfur nucleophiles, hydrogen sulfide and its salts, thiols (RSH), thiolate anions (RS−), anions of thiolcarboxylic acids (RC(O)-S−), and anions of dithiocarbonates (RO-C(S)-S−) and dithiocarbamates (R2N-C(S)-S−) are used most often.
In general, sulfur is very nucleophilic because of its large size, which makes it readily polarizable, and its lone pairs of electrons are readily accessible.
Nitrogen nucleophiles
Nitrogen nucleophiles include ammonia, azide, amines, and nitrites.
Mistelbach District
Bezirk Mistelbach is a district of the state of Lower Austria in Austria.
Municipalities
Suburbs, hamlets and other subdivisions of a municipality are indicated in small characters.
Cris Winter
Cris Winter is an American radio personality on Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania's Wish 99.7 radio station. For six years she provided the voice of "Thundergirl" on the Nicktoons animated series Action League Now!. Winter was one of the two original disc jockeys at WXXP 100.7, Pittsburgh's first alternative radio station from 1986 to 1988. She was the host of the local music show on WXXP, being the first to play bands like The Clarks, Affordable Floors, Sponges, Eleventh Hour, Spurs and other local musicians. In August 1988, WXXP changed formats and Winter was fired. The same day of her dismissal WDVE contacted her for employment at first doing weekends and fill-in work.
Alie Zijlmans
Alie Coumans-Zijlmans (born 24 March 1948) is a Dutch cyclist.
She competed at the 1965 Netherlands Championship Road Race, finishing third. 1964 Gorinchem road race, finishing first, and 1965 Papendal road race finishing first.
Flashpoint (TV series)
Flashpoint is a Canadian crime drama television series aired from 2008-2012, on CTV. In the United States, the series originally aired on CBS and Ion Television from 2008-2013.
Denton, Maryland
Denton is a town in Caroline County, Maryland. The population of Denton was 4,418 as of the 2010 United States Census, and it is the county seat of Caroline County.
Lancaster, Massachusetts
Lancaster is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States.
Holland, Michigan
Holland, Michigan is a city in western Michigan, United States. About 33,279 people live in Holland as of 2012.
Holland is famous for its Tulip Time festival, held every May. The festival was named Best Small Town Festival by Reader's Digest.
History
Holland was started in 1847 by Dutch Calvinist separatists, led by Dr. Albertus van Raalte. They had left the Netherlands because they had been persecuted (were not treated nicely) there because of their religious beliefs.
Guemps
Guemps is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Prisoner
A prisoner is a person who is forced to stay in a prison against their will. People who are suspected of a crime, for example, a murder, may be arrest ed and held in jail so they won't escape before their trial. After conviction a prisoner may be punished. For example, they may be imprisoned for a fixed number of years, or receive a life sentence meaning they stay in jail until they die.
A prisoner of war is a person who was captured by the enemy in a war.
Saint Kitts and Nevis–United Kingdom relations
Saint Kitts and Nevis and the United Kingdom have a long history of relations. Early on, England wanted control of Saint Kitts, but they now have diplomatic relations as both independent countries. In the late 17th century, France and England both wanted control of Saint Kitts. Britain took control of Saint Kitts in 1713. Saint Kitts and Nevis became fully independent in 1983.
Scott Paulsen
Scott J. Paulsen (born May 23, 1959) is an American radio personality, columnist and voice actor based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Paulsen began working for WDVE, a Pittsburgh classic rock station, in the 1980s. He became a "morning staple" in the Pittsburgh region on The DVE Morning Show, which he co-hosted with Jim Krenn.
Cinque Ports
The Cinque Ports is a confederation of coastal towns in Kent and Sussex. It was originally formed for military and trade purposes, but is now ceremonial. A Royal Charter of 1155 established the ports. The ports are at the eastern end of the English Channel, where the crossing to the continent is narrowest. In Norman French, the name means "five ports". They were: However, Rye, originally a subsidiary of New Romney, changed to become one of the Cinque Ports, after New Romney was damaged by storms and silted up. Romney is now a mile from the sea, separated from it by Dungeness, which is a large pebble beach.
The Federation of Cinque Ports includes various other towns on the coast. These are called "limbs" of the Cinque Ports.
The Federation is supported by two towns, one of which is Rye, and the other (a few miles back from the coast) is Winchelsea. These towns once supported militias which could be used for defence of the area.
Leicester, Massachusetts
Leicester is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States.
Common wheat
Common wheat (Triticum aestivum), also known as bread wheat, is a cultivated wheat species. About 95% of the wheat produced is common wheat.
Common wheat has been got by many generations of artificial selection by farmers choosing the most productive plants which occurred in their crops.
Evolution
Of the six sets of chromosomes, two come from einkorn wheat and two from Aegilops speltoides. This hybridisation created the species Triticum turgidum, 580–820 thousand years ago. The last two sets of chromosomes came from Aegilops tauschii, 230–430 thousand years ago.
Anna Anderson
Anna Anderson (December 16, 1896 – February 12, 1984) was a woman who claimed she was Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia. The real Anastasia had been murdered in Ekaterinburg with the rest of her immediate family on July 17, 1918. Her remains have been found and extensively tested using DNA samples from Anastasia's family comparing them to Anderson. There was no match at all. Anderson attempted to kill herself in 1920 in Berlin, Germany. She was taken to a mental hospital. A short time later she began to tell her false story of escape to people there. Some people believed her. Most people did not. Her false claims were pushed for 70 years. Movies were made about her story. She married Jack Manahan and called herself Anastasia Manahan. They lived in Charlottesville, Virginia, where she died of pneumonia in 1984.
Barack Obama
Barack Hussein Obama II (born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who was the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017. As a member of the Democratic Party, he also served as member of the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004 and as a senator from Illinois from 2005 to 2008.
Obama was born in Honolulu, Hawaii. He married Michelle Robinson in 1992. They have two daughters.
Marion County, Missouri
Marion County is a county in the northeastern U.S. state of Missouri. The county seat is Palmyra. In 2020, 28,525 people lived there.
Barack Obama
He was reelected in 2012. During his second term, the government partially shut down. He was able to open diplomatic relations with Cuba. In 2015, the United States joined the Paris Climate Agreement. He attempted to nominate Merrick Garland to the Supreme Court but was unsuccessful in doing so.
Obama left office in January 2017 and was succeeded by Republican Donald Trump. He now lives in Washington, D.C. He has ranked high in presidential opinion polls.
Early life
Barack Hussein Obama II was born on August 4, 1961 in Kapiʻolani Medical Center for Women and Children (called Kapiʻolani Maternity & Gynecological Hospital in 1961) in Honolulu, Hawaii. He is the first President to have been born in Hawaii. His father was a black exchange student from Kenya named Barack Obama Sr. He died in a motorcycle accident in Kenya in 1982. His mother was a white woman from Kansas named Ann Dunham, who was an anthropologist and died in 1995.
He spent most of his childhood in Hawaii and Chicago, Illinois, although he lived in Jakarta, Indonesia with his mother and stepfather from age 6 to age 10. He later moved back to Hawaii to live with his grandparents.