cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Suicide risk assessment
A suicide risk assessment is not always completely right about a person's suicide risk. Still, usually it gives a risk score that is helpful for making important decisions about what treatment the person needs. The risk of suicide may change over time. It may become higher or lower for different reasons. For example, treatment (like counseling or medicines) may work, making the person feel better, or not work. Or the person's life may change in good or bad ways (for example, they may get or lose a job, go to a new school, get a boyfriend or girlfriend, or break up with one).
Because the risk of suicide can change over time, the suicide risk assessment has to be done more than once while the person is in treatment. If the person is in the hospital for treatment, it has to be done before they are sent home.
Hospitals, doctors, and counselors can be sued for negligible death if a suicidal person goes to them for help, but they never did a suicide risk assessment. Negligible death means that the hospital, doctor, or counselor did not do something they were supposed to do, and because of that, a person died.
Suicide Risk After Self-Harm
Recent self-harm can also provide clues to a person's suicide risk. When a person hurts himself or herself on purpose, this is called self-harm (or self-injury). For example, important questions to ask might include: If the same events, thoughts, feelings, and other things that led up to the self-harm happen again, the person may be more likely to self-harm again, or to commit suicide.12
Patient's Rights Issues
When patients ask for help or even harm themselves, they still have rights. Sometimes, suicide risk assessments can bring up patients' rights issues. They can also create a conflict between the rights of the patient, and the powers of doctors, mental health professionals, and the law.
For example, many state laws in the United States say that a person can be forced to go to the hospital, even if they do not want to go, if a doctor or mental health professional says they are suicidal. In some states, the person can be physically restrained (for example, tied to a hospital bed) if they try to leave the hospital. Some states also allow paramedics and doctors to give chemical restraints (medicines to make the person cooperate or be very tired), even if the patient does not want these medicines.
If after a short stay in the hospital (usually 3 business days), the hospital believes the person is still a risk to themselves, they can ask a court for civil commitment. If a judge agrees, the judge will order the person to stay in the hospital for a much longer time (usually months). The person has no right to leave the hospital.
This means that in many cases, if a doctor or mental health professional says a person is suicidal, that person can lose:
In the case of people who may be suicidal, the law sees the powers of doctors and mental health professionals as more important than the rights of the patient.
Yuri Pudyshev
Yuri Alekseyevich Pudyshev (Юрий Алексеевич Пудышев; 3 April 1954 – 29 August 2021) was a Soviet and Belarusian footballer and coach. He was born in Kaliningrad, Russia. He was known for playing with FC Dynamo Moscow and FC Dinamo Minsk. His playing career lasted from 1973 until 2010. His managing career lasted from 1992 until his death.
Pudyshev also played for the national team once at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
Pudyshev died on 29 August 2021 at the age of 67.
Lucile Randon
Lucile Randon (11 February 1904 – 17 January 2023) or Sister André, was a French supercentenarian and Roman Catholic nun. She was the world's oldest living person from 19 April 2022, after Kane Tanaka's death, and until her death on 17 January 2023. She was also the oldest person to ever receive the title of the world’s oldest living person (118 years and 67 days).
Biography
Randon was born in Alès, on 11 February 1904. She worked as a governess in many families, and became a religious sister at age 41. She worked in a hospital in Vichy for 31 years, then moved to a nursing home in Haute-Savoie for 30 years, and finally to Toulon in 2009. Randon is known by her religious name Sœur Andrée. She used a wheelchair.
Randon had three brothers, and a twin sister who died as an infant. On her birthday she said: "115 years is enough, I hope the good lord takes me this year."
At age 116, Randon caught and recovered from COVID-19. She was the oldest known survivor of the virus.
Cabrini–Green Homes
Cabrini–Green Homes was a public housing project on the Near North Side of Chicago, Illinois. The Francis Cabrini Rowhouses and Extensions were in the Cabrini–Green neighborhood.
Cabrini-Green was home to 15,000 people, mostly living in mid- and high-rise apartment buildings. Crime in the area caused poor living conditions for many residents. "Cabrini-Green" became a well known example for problems caused by public housing in the United States. In 1995, CHA began tearing down mid- and high-rise buildings, with the last demolished in 2011. Today, only the original, two-story rowhouses remain.
The area has been rebuilt through the building of high-rises and townhouses, causing it to become a mixed-income neighborhood.
Mugger crocodile
The mugger crocodile (Crocodylus palustris) is also known as the marsh crocodile, broad-snouted crocodile and mugger.
It lives in the Indian subcontinent and nearby countries. In Pakistan's coastal regions of the Makran and delta marshlands of Sindh, it is known as the Indus crocodile. The name "Mugger" is a corruption of the Hindi word magar which means "water monster". It is one of three crocodilians in India, the others are the saltwater crocodile (C. porosus) and gharial (Gavialis gangeticus).
Mugger crocodile hatchlings are pale olive with black spots. Adults are dark olive to grey or brown. The head is rough without any ridges.
The mugger crocodile is a medium-sized crocodilian. It has a strong tail and webbed feet. It has good sense of smell, sight and hearing. Adult female muggers are 2 to 2.5 m (6 ft 7 in to 8 ft 2 in) on average. Adult male muggers are 3 to 3.5 m (9 ft 10 in to 11 ft 6 in). They rarely grow up to 5 m (16 ft 5 in). The largest known muggers measured 5.63 m (18 ft 6 in).
Distribution and habitat
The mugger crocodile can be found in southern Iran, Pakistan, Nepal, India and Sri Lanka, but is probably extinct in Bangladesh. It lives in freshwater lakes, rivers and marshes. It prefers slow-moving, shallow water bodies. It is also known to live in artificial reservoirs and irrigation canals.
Behaviour
The mugger crocodile is a very strong swimmer that uses its tail and hind feet to move forward, change direction and go under the water. Its belly touches the ground at the bottom of waterbodies and on land. During the hot dry season, it walks over land at night to find better wetlands. It spends most of the day under the water. During the cold season it basks on riverbanks and they tolerate one another during this period. They are more aggressive during the mating season.
The mugger crocodile has an optimal body temperature of 30 to 35 °C (86 to 95 °F). It will die of freezing or hyperthermia when exposed to temperatures below 5 °C (41 °F) or above 38 °C (100 °F). It digs burrows to get away from extreme temperatures. Burrows are between 0.6 and 6 m (2.0 and 19.7 ft) deep. Temperatures inside the burrows keep constant.
Gold Coast Titans
The Gold Coast Titans are an Australian professional rugby league team. The team is based on the Gold Coast in Queensland. They were founded in 2007. They currently play in the National Rugby League competition. They have not won any premierships.
Stop codon
A stop codon, or termination codon, is special sequence in the genetic code. It is a nucleotide triplet in messenger RNA that signals the end of translation.
It is a codon (that is, a sequence of three nucleotides in messenger RNA). It indicates the end of a gene. Similar to how a full stop indicates the end of a sentence, a stop codon signals the end of genetic translation.
They are also called termination codons or chain termination codons. There are three such codons: UAA, UAG and UGA.
Jerry Nadler
Jerrold Lewis Nadler (born June 13, 1947) is an American politician. He is the U.S. Representative since 1992. He is a member of the Democratic Party.
Nadler has also been Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee since 2019.
Akira Kawaguchi
Akira Kawaguchi (川口 晃) is a former Japanese football player.
Alternaria brassicicola
Alternaria brassicicola is a fungus which belongs to the family Pleosporaceae. The species has branched hyphae which are between 1.5 and 7.5 micrometre wide. In the beginning the hyphae are transparent but later their colour turns to brown or olive brown. The conidium are between the 5 and 8 micrometre wide and can be up to 70 micrometre long.
Fiscal conservatism
Fiscal conservatism is one of the main factors that mark the difference between conservatives and progressives. It is necessary to reduce public spending in order to achieve a balanced budget. In fact it seeks to curb state intervention in the economy, favoring instead privatization and deregulation, in addition to free market and free trade. The objective of this economic tactic is to reduce taxation and programs or entities deemed useless, as well as reducing public debt and favoring investments in the country or area of belonging.
Tasmanian Devil (Looney Tunes)
Taz, or the Tasmanian Devil, is a cartoon character featured in the Looney Tunes series by Warner Brothers.
Powder River County, Montana
Powder River County is a county found in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 1,743 people. Its county seat is Broadus.
Deli Fuad Pasha
Fuad (1835–1931) was a Ottoman soldier and stateman, also known as Mushir (marshall) Deli Fuad Pasha.
Fuad Pasha was born in 1835 in Egypt and belongend to the Turkic peoples. He was the son of Müsür Hasan Pasha. He ascended to colonel rank in Egyptian army. He came Istanbul in 1869. He won Liva rank in Ottoman Army in 1872. He took office 1877–1877 in Tuna frontline Ottoman-Russsian War. He was commander in Elena Conflict in side of Ottoman troops and gained "Elena Hero" title for his achievements. Also gained "Deli" title which means exactly "Crazy" because of his courage. But in 1902 he sent into exile by Abdulhamid II to Damascus. He returned Istanbul in 1908 when The Second Constitutional Era announcement.
He was 96 years old when he died in Istanbul.
Ivan Mercep
Ivan Mercep (1930 – 8 April 2014) was a New Zealand architect.
Mercep spent six years working and travelling overseas, before returning to New Zealand in 1960. In 1964, he became a registered architect in New Zealand. He helped design Hoani Waititi Marae in West Auckland and Waipapa Marae at the University of Auckland.
Mercep died in Auckland, New Zealand, aged 84.
Kjell Nupen
His later paintings are focused on themes such as calmness. He became especially known for the colour Nupen blue, in which he used a lot of in his paintings.
Nupen was born in Kristiansand, Norway. He died there on March 12, 2014 from cancer, aged 58.
Mahmud Shinkafi
Mahmud Shinkafi is a Nigerian politician who was the governor of Zamfara State, Nigeria and Deputy Governor. He is a former member of the All Nigeria Peoples Party later defected to People's Democratic Party.
Mikhail Nenashev
Mikhail Petrovich Nenashev (18 March 1960 – 29 August 2021) was a Russian politician. He was born in the Ternovsky District, Russia. Nenashev was a member of the Party of Business. Between 2007 until 2011, Nenashev was a member of the State Durma.
Nenashev died on 29 August 2021 from cardiac arrest in Moscow, aged 61.
Dorking
Dorking is a town on the A24 road in Surrey, England. It is the setting of the 1871 novel, The Battle of Dorking.
Columbus Circle
Columbus Circle is a traffic circle named for Christopher Columbus. The circle is in Manhattan, New York City. It is at the southwest corner of Central Park. This is where Eighth Avenue, Broadway, Central Park South, and Central Park West all meet. Hell's Kitchen is next to the circle on the south. The Upper West Side is to the north.
Circle
The circle opened in 1905. William P. Eno was the designer. Eno was a businessman who made road safety and traffic control better. The circle was supposed to be part of the plan for Central Park. This was to be a very important entrance to the park.
There is also a New York City Subway station under the circle.
Around the circle
The Trump International Hotel and Tower is to the circle's north. This building was an office tower, but now has restaurants and a hotel.
The Merchant's Gate to Central Park is to the northeast. It has the USS Maine National Monument. The USS Maine National Monument was built in 1913 to honor sailors killed on the battleship USS Maine in 1898.
240 Central Park South is on the southeast side of the circle. It was built in 1941. It is a landmark.
Thame
Thame is a town and civil parish in Oxfordshire, England, about 7 mi southwest of the Buckinghamshire town of Aylesbury. In 2001 there were 11,072 people living in Thame.
Theodor Bergmann
Theodor Bergmann (March 7, 1916 – June 12, 2017) was a German agronomist and published author. He was born in Berlin. Until 1981, he was Professor for international comparisons in agrarian policy at University of Hohenheim. He was born in Berlin and of Jewish descent.
Yoshio Kitajima
Yoshio Kitajima (born 29 October 1975) is a former Japanese football player.
Kitajima previously played for Mito HollyHock and Shonan Bellmare.
Club career statistics
194||6||14||1||1||0||209||7 194||6||14||1||1||0||209||7
Soup kitchen
A soup kitchen is a place where food is given to people who are poor. The price is usually very low or free. Soup kitchens are usually nonprofit (they do not want to make money), and they may sometimes get food from other places for a very low price.
Sometimes these soup kitchens may be created during war, but other times they are only to help people.
Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)
After the Soviet-Afghan War, which ended on 14 February 1989, a civil war started in Afghanistan. It lasted until the end of April 1992, when a new Afghan government was formed. On 24 April, the Peshawar Accord (an agreement for a new Afghan government) was announced. The civil war officially ended on 27 April 1992. The new Afghan government started the next day, on 28 April 1992. When the Soviet Union left Afghanistan in 1989, they left President Mohammed Najibullah in charge of the Republic of Afghanistan. But many people in Afghanistan did not support him because they thought that his government was a communist puppet regime (a regime controlled by the Soviet Union). Therefore, several mujahideen groups started to fight against Najibullah's regime. In March 1989, together with the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), the mujahideen attacked Jalalabad, but they were defeated. Two years later, in March 1991, they successfully overtook Khost. Mujahideen power continued to grow until the Peshawar Accord was announced in April 1992, and a few days later Najibullah's regime resigned. However, instead of a new government with all mujahideen groups, another civil war broke out between different mujahideen groups, which lasted until 1996 (also known as the Battle for Kabul).
The first Republic of Afghanistan
Since 1933, Mohammad Zahir Shah ruled as King over Afghanistan. On 17 July 1973, there was a coup d'état led by prince Sardar Mohammed Daoud Khan (the former Prime Minister and Army General) against Mohammad Zahir, who was his cousin and brother-in-law. Mohammad Zahir was in Rome for medical treatment at that time. On 24 August, Mohammad Zahir announced his abdication and since then he chose to stay in Rome. More than two centuries after the founding of the Durrani Empire in 1747, Sardar Mohammad Daoud finally abolished the monarchy and the royal rule. The coup resulted in the establishment of the first Republic of Afghanistan under a one-party system, which was led by the first President of Afghanistan Sardar Mohammad Daoud with his National Revolutionary Party. Two days after the 1973 coup, the Soviet Union and India recognized the first Republic of Afghanistan and the new government.
The Saur Revolution
On 27 April 1978 (the 7th of the month of Saur or Sowr, the second month of the Solar Hijri calendar), 5 years after the first coup, there was another coup called the Saur Revolution. Nur Mohammad Taraki, the first General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA), together with Hafizullah Amin, gave the order for a military coup with the goal over overthrowing the government of President Sardar Mohammad Daoud. On 27 April, the first shots heard were near the Ministry of Interior in the downtown in Kabul as the first sign of a coup. From there, the fighting spread to other areas of the city. From 28 April 1978, during the time between the coup and the establishment of the new civilian government, the PDPA Revolutionary Council led the country for three days. After that, a new government was formed under the name of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA), which was led by Prime Minister Nur Muhammad Taraki .The PDPA described the Saur Revolution as a democratic revolution.
Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA)
The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan was the Afghan government that came to power through the Saur Revolution. It led the country from the end of the Saur Revolution in 1978 until 1992, when it was overthrown by several mujahideen groups at the end of the 1989-1992 Civil War. The party that was in power in the government was the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA), which was founded on 1 July 1965. The PDPA party followed a Marxist–Leninist ideology. The party was led by Nur Muhammad Taraki, who led the party ever since the split between the Khalq faction (led by Taraki and Amin) and the Parcham faction (led by Babrak Karmal) in 1967. During their time in power, the DRA introduced several contentious reforms such as modernizing traditional Islamic civil and marriage laws and forcing land reforms.
Nur Muhammad Taraki was the first leader of the DRA after the Saur Revolution in 1978. He was a founding member of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan PDPA, serving as its General Secretary from 1965 to 1979. Taraki's leadership was short-lived and marked by controversies. The government was divided between two PDPA factions: the Khalqists (led by Taraki), the majority, and the Parchamites, the minority. The second leader of the DRA was Hafizullah Amin. He was an Afghan communist revolutionary, who organized the Saur Revolution of 1978. Amin ordered the death of Taraki by suffocation with pillows on 8 October 1979. The third leader of the DRA was Babrak Karmal. He became a founding member of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan PDPA and eventually became the leader of the Parcham faction. He was an Afghan revolutionary and politician who was the leader of Afghanistan, serving in the post of General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan for seven years. The last leader of the DRA was Mohammad Najibullah Ahmadzai, commonly known as Dr. Najib. He was the General Secretary of the PDPA and the leader of the DRA from 1986 to 1992. Dr. Najib changed the name of the Communist Party PDPA to the Hizb-i Watan (Homeland Party). He was the President of Afghanistan from 1987 until his resignation in April 1992, shortlly after the mujahideen took over Kabul.
Mujahideen
The Mujahideen resistance movement consisted of several smaller Islamist rebel groups. Despite their differences in region of origin, ethnicity, and religious connection, they fought against one common enemy: the communists (first the Soviets, and later Najibullah's DRA government). They shared the common goal of making Afghanistan an independent Islamic state, unaffected by large powers like the United States, the Soviet Union, and China. These groups were supported by the United States to fight against the Soviets and Najibullah. Seven of these groups came together in 1981 to form the Islamic Unity of Afghanistan's Mujahideen (IUAM), but they did not succeed in forming a united movement.They fought loosely and without strategic coordination. Sometimes, they would even attack each other. Out of these seven groups, there were four important ones: Hesb-e Islami, Jamiat-e Islami, Ittehad-e Islami, and the Haqqani network.
Hezb-e Islami
The Hezb-e Islami group was led by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar. This party was mainly supported by the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI). Because American assistance to the mujahideen flowed through Pakistan, the Hezb-e Islami group received a lot of money. Because of this, the party was able to grow stronger and become one of the main mujahideen groups in the fight against Najibullah. However, they were not able to defeat Najibullah immediately after the Soviets left Afghanistan. This happened because the United States thought that Najibullah's regime would collapse under pressure by the mujahideen after the Soviets left, so they stopped giving them financial and military assistance. However, Najibullah's regime was able to stay in power because of Soviet support, allowing them to keep the Hezb-e Islami party under control.
Jamiat-e Islami
The Jamiat-e Islami group was led by Burhanuddin Rabbani, but the main military commander was Ahmad Shah Massoud. This group was also a strong mujahideen group and played an important role in the ultimate mujahideen victory over Najibullah in 1992. They received little to no support from the United States, which meant they had less resources (like money and military equipment) than the Hezb-e Islami group. However, their success was mainly thanks to Massoud's advanced fighting skills.
This group was the main opponent of the Hezb-e Islami group in the shared struggle against the Soviets and Najibullah. The two groups often fought against each other, even though they were both part of the same Islamist rebel movement against the communists. In one instance, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar attacked Massoud's troops and killed 36 of his commanders. In return, Massoud chased down four of Hekmatyar's men who were responsible for the attack and proceeded to hang them.
Ittehad-e Islami
The Ittehad-e Islami group was led by Abdul Rasul Sayyaf, a Wahhabite military leader. This group was mainly supported and assisted by Saudi Arabia. Just like the rivalry between Hezb-e Islami and Jamiat-e Islami, the Ittehad-e Islami group also had an opponent in the shared fight against the communists: the smaller mujahideen group of Abdul Ali Mazari called Hezb-e Wahdat, which was supported by Iran. This rivalry existed because Saudi Arabia and Iran were in competition for regional domination.
1966 UEFA European Under-18 Championship
The UEFA European Under-18 Championship 1966 Final Tournament was held in Yugoslavia. The Soviet Union and Italy drew their final match and shared the title.
Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)
Battle of Jalalabad (1989)
On 6 March 1989, the mujahideen groups attacked the Eastern city of Jalalabad. The attack was led by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar and his mujahideen group Hezb-e Islami. The Ittehad-e Islami group also fought with him. They were supported by the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI). The goal was to overtake the city and use it to attack Kabul later on, so that they could defeat Najibullah's regime and form a mujahideen government.
1966 UEFA European Under-18 Championship
Teams
The following teams entered the tournament. Four teams qualified for the tournament (Q) and the other teams entered without playing qualification matches.
Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)
Battle of Jalalabad (1989)
The mujahideen forces were not successful in taking over Jalalabad. First, they tried to attack the city from the East, but the forces from the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA) were too strong for them. In the beginning they managed to overtake Samarkhel, a small village close to Jalalabad, and even the airport for a short time. However, then the DRA forces started to fight back, and drove the mujahideen back out of the city. The mujahideen forces then tried to attack the city from the North and South sides, but again the DRA forces were too strong. The mujahideen forces did not expect Jalalabad to be defended so well. There are three main reasons why the mujahideen did not manage to overtake Jalalabad. First, Jalalabad was well fortified, which meant that it was difficult to attack from the outside. Second, the DRA forces had strong firepower in the form of heavy artillery equipment and air support, while the muhajideen forces had to rely on guerilla tactics. Third, the DRA forces were well organized, while the mujahideen forces consisted of small, loose groups that also competed with each other. By June 1989, the mujahideen forces had been completely driven out of Jalalabad and had to give up. By then, about 3000-4000 mujahideen soldiers had died.
Siege of Khost (1991)
The battle of Jalalabad caused a lot of damage and division to the mujahideen troops. However, two years after the defeat at Jalalabad, they were ready again to try to overtake another major city. On 14 March 1991, they attacked Khost. Khost was a smaller city, close to the Eastern border with Pakistan. Because the mujahideen had been active there for a long time, it was easier for them to attack Khost than Jalalabad. They were successful in taking over the city in just two weeks.
The mujahideen forces attacked Khost from three different sides with a surprise attack that allowed them to advance very quickly. First, they captured some DRA outposts on the outskirts of the city, which diminished the amount of resistance they had to face. Then, they gained control over the airport, which slowed down DRA transportation and logistics while at the same time increasing the flexibility of the mujahideen. Finally they moved into the city, which fell to the mujahideen troops on 31 March 1991, just over two weeks after the first attack. Again, there are three main reasons why the mujahideen were successful this time. First, the rugged terrain of Khost made it more suitable to apply various guerilla warfare tactics that the mujahideen groups were used to. Second, whereas Jalalabad was well connected and continuously supplied by the DRA, Khost was logistically more difficult to reach and support from Kabul. This meant that the DRA forces in Khost received little to no support from the DRA government apart from the troops that were already stationed there. Third, the mujahideen forces on the ground were this time unified, well organized, and the whole attack was planned out in detail. The victory at Khost allowed the mujahideen to regain popular support and gain momentum to finally break down Najibullah's regime.
Invasion of Kabul (1992)
Seeing the success of the mujahideen, the UN and senior leaders of several Afghan mujahideen parties decided to meet in Peshawar to try to form a new neutral acting Afghan government to replace Najibullah's regime. The UN presented a plan to the mujahideen groups to form a pre-interim council and accept formal sovereignty from President Najibullah. In March 1992, Najibullah announced his cooperation to resign in order to make way for a new neutral acting government. With this announcement, he lost internal control. In April 1992, Kabul came completely under the control of the interim government, with the hope for a new era. But the situation quickly spiraled into escalation. Throughout the negotiation process, mujahideen forces were stationed outside Kabul city. In the spring of 1992, at least five mujahideen groups fell out and started fighting each other to take control over Kabul. Parties involved in the conflict were the Jamiat-e Islami group (led byAhmad Shah Massoud), the Hezb-e Islami group (led by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar), the Hezb-i Wahdat group (led by Abdul Ali Mazar i, the Ittehad-e Islami group (led by Abdul Rasul Sayyaf) and the Junbish-i Islami group (led by Abdul Rashid Dostum). By the end of 1992, the city of Kabul was badly damaged, thousands of civilians had been killed, and half a million residents were forced to flee. In November 1994, a new group entered the scene: the Taliban. They gradually gained the upper hand in the conflict, conquered Kabul in September 1996, and took control over Afghanistan altogether.
Semisi Sika
Sēmisi Kioa Lafu Sika (born 31 January 1968) is a Tongan politician. He is a member of the Tongan Parliament. Sika was the acting Prime Minister of Tonga from 12 September 2019 through 27 September 2019. He is a member of the Democratic Party of the Friendly Islands.
Franklin, Arkansas
Franklin is a town in the US state of Arkansas.
Dream Street (Janet Jackson album)
Dream Street is the second studio album by American recording artist Janet Jackson. It was released on October 23, 1984, by A&M Records. The album was produced by her brother, Marlon Jackson. Her brother Michael Jackson added vocal ad-libs. During the summer of 1984 it was a top ten R&B hit.
Ole Kirk Christiansen
Christiansen was born on 7 April 1891 in Filskov, Denmark. He first worked as a carpenter and later started creating unsuccessful toys for kids in Denmark after his wife's death and had to raise four of his children on his own. He was working as a carpenter until creating Lego in 1949. Christiansen died on 11 March 1958 from a heart attack, aged 66.
John Latham (judge)
Sir John Greig Latham was an Australian politician, judge and lawyer. He was the Leader of the Opposition and the final leader of the Nationalist Party from 1929 until 1931.
Suppressor
Even though many people use the name "silencer" when talking about a suppressor, it does not really make the gun silent. How much quieter it makes the gun depends both on the cartridges and the suppressor. A suppressed gun usually is between 120 and 135 decibels (dB). This is much quieter than without the suppressor, but is still loud enough to cause hearing loss without protection such as earplugs. An unsuppressed firearm usually produces 140 to 165 dB. For comparison, a typical jackhammer produces about 130 dB.
In many places, suppressors are illegal to own except for the military and police. This is because suppressors make guns quieter and people worry this could help criminals commit crime.
In most states in the United States, suppressors are legal for civilians to own, but the National Firearms Act requires that buyers must go through a special background check and pay a $200 tax. Owning an untaxed suppressor is illegal, except for licensed class 3 firearms dealers, the military, and law enforcement.
Ramona and Beezus
Ramona and Beezus is a 2010 Fox-Walden comedy movie adaptation of the Ramona series of novels by Beverly Cleary. It stars Selena Gomez, Joey King, Josh Duhamel, and Sandra Oh. It was released on July 23, 2010.
Plot
This is a kids movie and rated G by the movie MPAA board. Ramona and Beezus are two sisters living together. They get into a lot of trouble while having fun with their teacher, their parents, and other children in the neighborhood.
David Henshaw
Thomas David Henshaw (1939 – 23 March 2014) was a New Zealand cartoonist. He was known for his drawings of rural life in his "Jock" cartoons. His a career spanning over 40 years. His cartoons were published in the New Zealand Farmer for 34 years.
Henshaw was born in Kimbolton, New Zealand. He died on 23 March 2014 in Tamahere, New Zealand, aged 74.
History of Kansas
Good
The first people who lived in Kansas were Native Americans who were nomadic (people who don't live in one place for very long). They hunted American bison. In the 1500s, Spanish conquistadores came to explore the place. Later, French fur trappers came to the area. They traded with the Native Americans. The United States added most of Kansas in the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. In 1854, the Kansas-Nebraska Act opened the place for Americans to move there. A lot of fighting happened because the new residents had to decide if they wanted slavery. The new residents decided to make slavery illegal. The fighting helped start the American Civil War.
After the Civil War, Kansas had many frontier towns. The railroads were stops for cattle drives from Texas. Many black people moved from the south to Kansas. These people were called "exodusters". Farmers tried growing corn and raising pigs, but there was little rain, so they were not able to. They started growing wheat. They became very good at growing wheat, and they had enough to trade with Europe. Many angry farmers joined the Populist and Progressive movement in the 1890s, and they supported it until the 1940s. Since the 1940s, Kansas has been a very conservative state. Since 1945, the number of farmers has lowered, and manufacturing has become more popular.
Before history
Because the big game they had been hunting died out, the people had started eating more plants and small animals. They foraged during the season across the plains. In order to get more food, they started being less nomadic. This means that they decided to stay in one place for a longer time. The groups did not stop hunting, but they also ate wild plants and small animals. Their tools became different. Their tools started being able to grind and chop. This means that seeds, fruits, and plants became a bigger part of their diet. They would grind seeds into rough flour. Around 3500BCE, the people started making ceramics. Pottery-making societies started.
Agriculture begins
For most of the Archaic period, people did not change the land in any big way. The groups outside the area, particularly in Mesoamerica, started major inventions. These inventions would include growing maize. Other groups in North America also started growing maize as well. Some archaic groups stopped being food gatherers (people who look for food). Instead, they started being food producers (people who grow food) around 3,000 years ago. They also had many of the cultural things that are seen with semi-sedentary agricultural life: storage containers, permanent housing, bigger settlements, and cemeteries or burial grounds. People in the northern part of Kansas lived in small buildings made out of dirt; they were shaped like a rectangle. People in the southern part of Kansas lived in houses with thatched grass all over them. There were more people being born, and they lived in villages. El Quartelejo was an Indian pueblo that was the farthest north. This settlement is the only pueblo in Kansas from which archaeologists have found anything.
Even though the groups started farming, they still did not do much to change their environment. Wild food was still an important part of their diet even after the invention of pottery and the creation of irrigation. Agriculture never made them stop hunting and foraging, even in the biggest Archaic societies.
Early Europeans
In 1541, Francisco Vázquez de Coronado came to Kansas to explore. He turned around near Lindsborg, Kansas. He met some of the local Native Americans. He gave them horses. The Native Americans started changing their lifestyle because of the horses.
Louisiana Purchase
Other than short explorations, neither France nor Spain created any cities in Kansas. In 1763, Spain got all of the French land west of the Mississippi River. This was because France lost the Seven Years' War. Spain gave this land back to France in 1803.
In 1803, Kansas was added to the United States as land from the Louisiana Purchase. The Lewis and Clark Expedition started in St. Louis. In 1804, they came to Kansas in what is today Kansas City, Kansas. They met French fur trappers who knew the land well. In 1806, explorer Zebulon Pike came to Kansas. He called it the "Great American Desert" because it had no trees or plants. The U.S. government saw Kansas as a desert too, so they sent Native Americans to it. They believed it was not good land, so they didn't care if Native Americans were sent there.
From June 4, 1812 until August 10, 1821, the land was part of the Missouri Territory. Missouri became a state, so the land became unorganized. It had no people living in it except for Fort Leavenworth. The Fort was created in 1827 by Henry Leavenworth with the 3rd U.S Infantry from St. Louis, Missouri; it is the first permanent European settlement in Kansas. The fort was created as the westernmost outpost of the American military. It was created to protect trade along the Santa Fe Trail from Native Americans. The trade came from the East. It came either by land using the Boone's Lick Road, or by water using the Missouri River.
Part of the Santa Fe Trail went through Kansas. It was used by people who were on the Oregon Trail.
1820s-1840s: Indian Territory
By a treaty on November 7, 1825, the Shawnee people were moved to Kansas. By a treaty on September 29, 1829, the Delaware people were moved to Kansas.
The Indian Removal Act made this faster. By a treaty on August 30, 1831, the Ottawa people were moved to a small part of Kansas. On October 24, 1832, the Kickapoo people were moved to Kansas. On October 29, 1832, the Piankeshaw and Wea people were moved to Kansas. To their east was the western border of Missouri, and to their west was the Kaskaskia and Peoria people. On September 21, 1833, the Otoe people were moved to Kansas.
Center, Texas
Center is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Shelby County.
History of Kansas
1820s-1840s: Indian Territory
By September 17, 1836, the Sac and Fox people moved to Kansas, north of the Kickapoo. By a treaty on February 11, 1837, the United States moved the Pottawatomi people to Kansas. They were moved to the Osage River, which is southwest of the Missouri River. The land was in the southwest part of what is now Miami County.
After a treaty in 1842, the Wyandot people were moved to an area between the Kansas River and the Missouri River. They shared the land with the Delaware people until 1843.
Early 1850s and organizing the territory
Although the Cheyenne and Arapahoes tribes were still discussing with the United States for land in western Kansas (the current state of Colorado), they signed a treaty on September 17, 1851. Momentum was already building to settle the land.
Kansas–Nebraska Act
Congress started the process of creating Kansas Territory in 1852. That year, petitions were given at the first session of the 32nd Congress to organize territory of the land west of Missouri and Iowa. Nothing happened at that time. However, during the next session, on December 13, 1852, a Representative from Missouri submitted to the House of Representatives a bill. This bill would organize the Territory of Platte: all the land west of Iowa and Missouri, and going west to the Rocky Mountains. The bill was given to the United States House Committee on Territories. It passed by the full U.S. House of Representatives on February 10, 1853. However, Southern Senators stopped the progress of the bill in the Senate. They did this to discuss how the bill would affect slavery and the Missouri Compromise. Arguments about the bill and other ideas would continue for a year. The Kansas–Nebraska Act was eventually created because of this. It became law on May 30, 1854, creating the Nebraska Territory and Kansas Territory.
Native American territory given away
By the summer of 1853, it was clear that eastern Kansas would soon be opened to American settlers. The Commissioner of the Bureau of Indian Affairs created new treaties that would give new reservations with yearly federal money for the Native Americans.
In the three months before the bill passed, treaties were written at Washington with the Delaware, Otoe, Kickapoo, Kaskaskia, Shawnee, Sac, Fox and other tribes, where the biggest part of eastern Kansas, which was within one or two hundred miles of the Missouri border, was suddenly opened to white settlement. (The Kansa reservation had already been made smaller by treaty in 1846.) On March 15, 1854, Otoe and Missouri Indians gave all their lands west of the Mississippi, except a small strip on the Big Blue River, to the United States. On May 6 and May 10, 1854, the Shawnees gave away 6100000 acre, keeping only 200000 acre for homes. Also on May 6, 1854, the Delaware gave all their lands to the United States, except a reservation defined in the treaty. On May 17, the Iowa gave away their lands, keeping only a small reservation. On May 18, 1854, the Kickapoo also gave away their lands, except 150000 acre in the western part of the Territory. In 1854 lands were also given by the Kaskaskia, Peoria, Piankeshaw and Wea and by the Sac and Fox.
The final step in making the Natives more American was taking land from tribes and giving it to Native households. This was so they could buy and sell as European Americans would. For example, in 1854, the Chippewa (Swan Creek and Black River bands) lived 8320 acre of land in Franklin County, but in 1859 the area was given to individual Chippewa families.
Kansas Territory
The Kansas-Nebraska Act passed on May 30, 1854, and it created the Kansas Territory. It went from the western border of Missouri to the Rocky Mountains. The southern border was the 37th parallel north, and the northern border was the 40th parallel north. Anything north of the 40th parallel was part of the Nebraska Territory. When Congress set the southern border of the Kansas Territory as the 37th parallel, they thought that the Osage southern border was also the 37th parallel. The Cherokees disagreed. They said that it was not the correct border. They said that the border of Kansas should be moved north to make room for the actual border of the Cherokee land. This became known as the Cherokee Strip controversy.
Before Violence
In the Kansas-Nebraska Act, it said that people living in the territories could vote on whether or not to have slavery. It undid the Missouri Compromise of 1820, which did not allow slavery in any new states created north of latitude 36°30'. This led to violence between people from the North and people from the South. They both tried to quickly move to Kansas to control it.
In a few days after the law passed, hundreds of people from Missouri moved to Kansas. These people wanted slavery. They created a group called the "Squatter's Claim Association" on June 10, 1854. They said that they were going to make Kansas a slave state.
The New England Emigrant Aid Company said they were going to make Kansas a free state. From 1854 to 1855, they sent many anti-slavery people (called "free-staters") to Kansas. They were important in creating Lawrence, Topeka, and Manhattan. Other anti-slavery people came from Ohio, Iowa, Illinois, and other states.
Bleeding Kansas
For a while, there was not much violence. This changed on March 30, 1855. The elections happened this day. Many pro-slavery people from Missouri came to Kansas to vote for pro-slavery people. Pro-slavery people won many elections that day. Pro-slavery people controlled the Kansas government.
Prairie County, Montana
Prairie County is a county found in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 1,179 people. Its county seat is Terry.
History of Kansas
Bleeding Kansas
From 1855 to 1858, there was a lot of fighting in Kansas. This was called "Bleeding Kansas," and it happened shortly before the American Civil War. Battles include the Wakarusa War, the Sacking of Lawrence, the Battle of Black Jack, the Battle of Osawatomie, and the Marais des Cygnes massacre.
On December 1, 1855, many pro-slavery people came to Lawrence. These pro-slavery people were led by Samuel J. Jones. These people had guns. They wanted to destroy Lawrence because it was anti-slavery. The people of Lawrence were ready to defend the city. Before any fighting happened, Territorial Governor Wilson Shannon made a treaty to stop the fighting.
Shelley Berman
Sheldon Leonard "Shelley" Berman (February 3, 1925 – September 1, 2017) was an American comedian, movie, television, stage, radio, voice actor, writer, teacher, screenwriter, educator, and poet who is known for his roles in The Steve Allen Show and in Divorce American Style. He won a Grammy Award.
Kathleen Hicks
Kathleen Holland Hicks (born September 25, 1970) is an American government official. She is the United States deputy secretary of defense since February 9, 2021 during the Joe Biden administation. Hicks is the first Senate-confirmed woman in this role.
Shelley Berman
Berman was of Jewish descent. He was born and raised in Chicago, Illinois on February 3, 1925. He studied at the Goodman Theatre in Chicago. He was married to Sarah Herman since 1947. They had two adopted children, one who died from a brian tumor.
Kathleen Hicks
In 2012, Hicks was the principal deputy under secretary of defense for policy during the Barack Obama administration.
Shelley Berman
Berman won the first Grammy Award for a spoken comedy recording. The first standup comedian to perform at Carnegie Hall, Berman appeared on numerous television specials and all of the major variety shows of the day.
Berman died of complications from Alzheimer's disease on September 1, 2017 at his home in Bell Canyon, California at the age of 92.
Battle of Paoli
The Paoli Massacre or Battle of Paoli was a battle of the American Revolutionary War. It happened at night on September 20, 1777 in Pennsylvania. British fighters led by Major General Charles Grey surprised Continental fighters led by General Anthony Wayne at night near what is Malvern, Pennsylvania today.
History of Kansas
Bleeding Kansas
On May 21, 1856, pro-slavery people came to Lawrence, and they attacked the city. They burned the Free-State Hotel to the ground, destroyed two printing presses, and robbed homes. Only one person died, but the city was destroyed.
Battle of Paoli
In September 1777, the British army was in Philadelphia. They had made the Continental Army run away from the city. George Washington decided to keep the Continental Army nearby so he could watch the British Army. They also needed the supplies stored at Reading, Pennsylvania, so he put the Continental Army between Philadelphia and Reading.