cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Tongkang LRT Station
Name
The station's name refers to a light boat (tongkang) that was used for transportation on rivers. It was named Tongkang because the area it was located in used to be closely related with water activities.
Drive My Car
"Drive My Car" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles. It was mainly written by Paul McCartney, with some help from John Lennon. It was first released on the British version of the band's 1965 album Rubber Soul. The song is about a movie star who asks the narrator of the song to be her chauffeur. McCartney also said that "'Drive my car' was an old blues euphemism for sex".
Personnel
According to Ian MacDonald, except where noted:
Tracey Mann
Tracey Mann (born December 17, 1976) is an American businessman and politician. He is a member of the United States House of Representatives for Kansas's 1st congressional district since 2021.
Mann was the 50th Lieutenant Governor of Kansas from 2018 to 2019. He was appointed by Governor Jeff Colyer in February 2018.
In August 2020, he won the Republican nomination for the United States House of Representatives for Kansas's 1st congressional district. He won the general election in November 2020.
Jef Geeraerts
Jef Geeraerts (Jozef Adriaan Anna Geeraerts, 23 February 1930 - 11 May 2015) was a Belgian writer. He was born in Antwerp. He decided to become a writer. He went to the University of Brussels to study Germanic languages. He was known for his books Gangreen 1 (Black Venus), Gangreen 2 (De Goede Moordenaar), Gangreen 3 (Het Teken van de Hond) and Gangreen 4 (Het Zevende Zegel).
Geeraerts died of a heart attack in Ghent at the age of 85.
Anarcho-syndicalism
The basic concepts of anarcho-syndicalism are:
Anarcho-syndicalists believe that only direct action can bring about change. Anarcho-syndicalists do not take part in indirect action, like electing a representative to a government position.
Anarcho-syndicalism played an important role in the Spanish Civil War.
Båstad Municipality
Båstad Municipality (Båstads kommun) is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Båstad.
Badlands (Bruce Springsteen song)
"Badlands" is a 1978 song by Bruce Springsteen and is the lead track from his fourth studio album Darkness on the Edge of Town and is the second single. It did poorly in the chart in the United States where it made #42. It went on to be a classic rock staple.
Chest of drawers
A chest of drawers (also called a dresser) is a piece of furniture. It is made of lots of horizontal drawers. Chests of drawers are usually used for storing clothing, such as underwear and socks.
Popular sovereignty in the United States
Popular sovereignty was a political doctrine in the United States that held that the people who lived in a state or region should decide what kind of government or laws they should have. Popular sovereignty allowed settlers of a territory to decide for themselves on the question of slavery without any interference from the federal government. During 19th century it was a compromise used to determine if a western territory or new state would accept or reject slavery within its borders.
It was first promoted in the 1840s. Stephen A. Douglas, one of the sponsors of the Kansas–Nebraska Act inserted it in the new law as a measure to balance slave and free states. Abraham Lincoln was one of those who did not agree. He thought Congress should regulate federal territories. The act was passed but popular sovereignty proved to have deadly consequences. When Kansas was being considered for statehood, there was a rush by both people who were for and against slavery to go to Kansas and vote on the issue of slavery. This resulted in a great deal of fraud and violence. It led directly to Bleeding Kansas, the bloody border war over slavery.
William Gillock
William Gillock (July 1, 1917 - September 7, 1993) was an American composer. He was born in La Russell, Missouri. He taught music and composed piano music.
Later life
He moved to New Orleans as a young man. He taught music there for many years. Later, he stopped teaching and moved to Texas. In Texas, " he was the first and only judge for the first twenty-one years of the Junior Pianists’ Guild, which involved over fourteen hundred students."
Music
Gillock wrote piano music for children. Some of his compositions were solo pieces, and some were ensemble pieces. He taught music at many workshops. Because his music was very melodic, he was called "the Schubert of children’s composers."
Honors
Gillock was given the Award of Merit for Service to American Music by the National Federation of Music Clubs five times.
Later life and death
He died in Dallas on September 7, 1993.
Legacy
In March 2018, the AADGT held a piano competition in honor of Gillock.
Vanuatu national football team
Vanuatu national football team is the national football team of Vanuatu. In the Pacific Games they reached the semifinals seven times and the finals once. In the OFC Nations Cup, they reached the semifinals four times. They have never competed in the World Cup. Vanuatu was formerly named New Hebrides.
Fernando (song)
"Fernando" is a song from the Swedish music group ABBA. It was released in March 1976.
The song is one of ABBA's best selling singles. It sold over six million copies in 1976 alone.
The song is available in the Spanish, Swedish and English languages.
"Fernando" hit #1 in Germany, Ireland, Australia, Belgium and Switzerland.
James Ferguson-Lees
Ian James Ferguson-Lees (8 January 1929 – 11 January 2017) was a British ornithologist. He became known as a member of the British Birds Rarities Committee who was responsible, with John Nelder and Max Nicholson, for publicly debunking the Hastings Rarities.
Ferguson-Lees was born in Italy. He died on 11 January 2017 in England at the age of 88.
Bastanès
Bastanès is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Theobald I of Navarre
Theobald I was Count of Champagne and King of Navarre. He was born on May 3, 1201 in Troyes and died on July 8, 1253 in Pamplona.
Luxembourg City
The city of Luxembourg (Lëtzebuerg, Luxembourg, German: Luxemburg), also known as Luxembourg City (Stad Lëtzebuerg, Ville de Luxembourg, German: Stadt Luxemburg), is a commune with city status, and the capital of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
The city is at the confluence of the Alzette and Pétrusse rivers in southern Luxembourg. In the city is found the Luxembourg Castle, built by the Franks in the Early Middle Ages, around which a settlement developed.
History
During the Roman period, two main roads crossed the territory of the present city of Luxembourg; these two roads met at the place Marché-aux-Poissons (now a street and a neighborhood) dominated by a fortified tower. A castle was built here called Lucilinburhuc ("small castle"). In 963, this place became a property of Siegfried I, a close relative of the Emperors of Germany and Kings of France. Siegfried built a castle, not far from the "Lucilinburhuc" castle, on a rocky cliff called the Bock (Bockfiels). This place is now considered the birthplace of the city, the country and the nation.
In 1994 UNESCO named the Old Quarters and Fortifications a World Heritage Site.
Geography
The city of Luxembourg has an area of 51.73 km2, about 2% of the territory of the whole country. The altitude varies between 232 m high (Beggen, Bastogne street) and 408 m high (Dommeldange); it is 304 m high at the centre of the city.
Luxembourg's climate is on the boundary of oceanic (Cfb in the Koeppen climate classification) and humid continental (Dfb) climates.
Tracy Morgan
Tracy Jamal Morgan (born November 10, 1968) is an American actor and comedian. He is best-known for being a cast member on Saturday Night Live (SNL) and for his role as Tracy Jordan on the TV series 30 Rock.
Neoclassicism music
Neoclassicism in music was popular in the twentieth-century. Mostly between the two World Wars. This kind of music is when composers try to come back to beautiful ways with the broadly defined way of "classicism", namely order, balance, clarity, economy, and emotions. Neoclassicism had two distinct national lines of development. They were French and German. Neoclassicsim was a beautiful trend rather than a movement. Many composers normally do not think of themselves as "neoclassicists." But some really do have some elements of the style.
Tracy Morgan
Early life
Morgan was born in the Bronx and grew up on a housing project in Bedford-Stuyvestant, Brooklyn. He was the second oldest child of Jimmy and Alicia Morgan. In 1987 he left high school before graduating. Already married, he began earning money performing comedy on the streets.
Career
Morgan began finding work as a stand-up comedian. In 1992 he appeared as a guest on Martin Lawrence's TV show Martin. In 1996 he became a cast member of SNL. Morgan has appeared in many movies such as Rio and its sequel Rio 2, G-Force, Death at a Funeral, Superhero Movie, and in Are We There Yet?.
Personal life
Morgan married his girlfriend Sabrina in 1987. The couple had three sons, born in 1986, 1987 and 1991. They divorced in 2009. Morgan has been engaged since 2011. His fiancée, model Megan Wollover, gave birth to their daughter in 2013. His autobiography, I Am the New Black was released in 2009. He had a kidney transplant in 2010. Wollover and Morgan were married in 2015.
In June 2014, Morgan was involved in a six-vehicle accident in New Jersey. He was in critical condition at a New Brunswick hospital. After nine days he was upgraded to fair condition. A passenger in Morgan's vehicle, James McNair, was killed. Morgan was released from the hospital on June 20, 2014 and transferred to a rehabilitation center. He soon made a full recovery.
Lauren Potter
Lauren Elizabeth Potter (born May 10, 1990) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Becky Jackson on the television show Glee.
She grew up in Southern California's Inland Empire. She has Down syndrome.
Luxembourg City
Population
, there are 115,227 persons living in the commune, for a population density of inhabitants/km².
Trotskyism
Trotskyism is the form of communism that is based on the ideas of Leon Trotsky. Trotsky described himself as an "orthodox Marxist". This is a different way of seeing the ideas of Karl Marx than the way other communists like Mao Zedong and Joseph Stalin saw them. The biggest difference is in Trotsky's idea that there needs to be an international "permanent revolution". A permanent revolution is the idea that proletarian revolution needed to spread in countries worldwide, even where capitalism was not as advanced as only the proletarian revolution could carry out the tasks of the unfinished bourgeois revolutions in these countries. This is different to the Stalinist idea of trying to preserve a single nation's revolution from within. Trotsky also supported a less authoritarian government and more democracy.
The largest Trotskyist organizations today are the Reunified Fourth International, International Socialist Tendency, the International Communist League, and the  Committee for a Workers' International.
Carlos Gutierrez
Carlos Miguel Gutierrez (originally Gutiérrez; born November 4, 1953) is a Cuban-born American businessman and politician. He was the United States Secretary of Commerce from 2005 until 2009 during the George W. Bush presidency. He is the Co-Founder and Executive Chairman of EmPath.
Gutierrez is a former Chairman of the Board and CEO of the Kellogg Company.
In August 2016, Gutierrez supported Hillary Clinton for president and criticized Donald Trump's economic plans. In 2020, he supported Joe Biden for president.
Samobor
Samobor has been there since 1242, according to a document of endowment by King Bela IV. It is one of the earliest tourist resorts in the region, with the first tourist facilities dating back to 1810, oriented towards anglers, hunters and hikers.
Naser Cheshm Azar
Naser Cheshm Azar (31 December 1950 – 4 May 2018) was an Iranian pianist, composer, and arranger. Cheshm Azar was known for his vocal music (for a singer or choir), instrumental music, electronic music, and music which combines multiple genres. He was mater in classical music, musical theatre, blues, folk music, jazz, and popular music. He was born in Ardabil, Iran.
Cheshm Azar died of a heart attack in Tehran on 4 May 2018 at the age of 68.
Baudreix
Baudreix is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
World War II
World War II (WWII), or the Second World War, was a global war that involved fighting in most of the world. Most countries fought from 1939 to 1945, but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all of the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers.
The war involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died, most of whom were civilians. The war included massacres, a genocide called the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, and disease. There was the only use of a nuclear weapon in the history of warfare. And, it was used against civilians.
The two sides were, on the one side, the Allies (at first China, France and the United Kingdom, joined by the Soviet Union, United States and others) and, on the other side) the Axis (Germany, Italy, Japan, Hungary, Croatia, Romania and Bulgaria).
The war in Asia began when Japan invaded China on July 7, 1937. The war began in Europe when Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. France and the United Kingdom reacted by declaring war on Germany. By 1941, much of Europe was under German control, including France. Only the British remained fighting against the Axis in North Africa, the Mediterranean, and the Atlantic. Germany gave up plans to invade Britain after losing an airplane battle. In June 1941, Germany invaded the Soviet Union, starting the largest area of war in history. On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked the United States at Pearl Harbor and invaded British and French colonies in Asia, and the two wars became one.
The Japanese victories were stopped in 1942, and the Soviets won the huge Battle of Stalingrad in 1943. Then, the Allies started to win in all areas. The Axis were forced back from the Soviet Union, lost North Africa, and, starting in 1943, were forced to defend Italy. Allied forces had a hard time pushing into Italy due to its vast defensive system. In 1944, the Allies invaded France. They came into Germany itself from the West, while the Soviets came in from the East. Germany surrendered on May 8, 1945.
Japan formally surrendered on September 2, 1945, after the Soviets beat the Japanese in Manchuria and a nuclear bomb had been dropped on Nagasaki. This was the only time a nuclear weapon has been used in a real war.
After the war, the United Nations was set up to develop support between countries and to prevent future wars. The Cold War by the major winners soon started, but they did not fight each other in an actual war. The decolonization of Asia and Africa (where many places controlled by European countries were given their independence) happened as well since Europe had been weakened by the war. Economic recovery and political integration (the process of uniting countries) were among other results of the war.
Allies and Axis
The countries that joined the war were on one of two sides: the Axis and the Allies.
The Axis Powers at the start of the war were Germany, Italy, and Japan. There were many meetings to create an alliance between those countries. Finland, Slovakia, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Thailand joined the Axis later. As the war continued, some Axis countries like Italy changed sides to join the Allies instead.
The Allied Powers were the United Kingdom and the rest of the British Empire, France, Poland, Yugoslavia, Greece, Belgium, and China, the last of which had been fighting a civil war. In June 1941, Germany attacked the Soviet Union in Operation Barbarossa, which made the Soviets join the Allies. In December 1941 came the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor against the United States, which then also joined the Allies.
Background
World War I had greatly changed the way of diplomacy and politics in Asia, Europe, and Africa with the defeat of the Central Powers. The empires that had sided with the Central Powers were destroyed. Even the Russian Empire, which was on the Allied side, broke up and became the USSR (Soviet Union) after the Russian Civil War. The war also changed the borders in Eastern Europe, with many new countries being born. The war led to strong irredentism and revanchism, which was especially strong in Germany since it had been forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles. The Germans also lost 13% of their homeland area and all of their colonies, and they had to pay back a very large sum of money to the Allies. The size of their army and navy was also limited, and its air force was banned.
After the Kuomintang (KMT), the governing party of China, unified the country in the 1920s, the Chinese Civil War between it and the Communist Party of China began. In 1931, Japan used the Mukden Incident as a excuse to take Manchuria and set up a puppet state, Manchukuo, and the League of Nations failed to do anything to stop it. The Tanggu Truce, a ceasefire, was signed in 1933. In 1936, the Kuomintang and the communists agreed to stop fighting against each other and to fight Japan instead. In 1937, Japan started the Second Sino-Japanese War to take the rest of China.
After the end of the German Empire, the democratic Weimar Republic was set up. There were disagreements among Germans that involved many political ideologies, ranging from nationalism to communism. The fascist movement in Germany rose because of the Great Depression. Adolf Hitler, the leader of the Nazi Party, became the German chancellor in 1933. After the Reichstag fire, Hitler created a totalitarian state in which there was only one party by law. Hitler wanted to change the world order and quickly rebuilt the army, navy, and air force, especially after Saarland voted to return to Germany in 1935. In March 1936, Hitler sent the army to Rhineland. The Spanish Civil War began in July 1936. The war ended in 1939 with the Nationalist victory because of support from Italy and Germany.
In March 1938, Germany sent its army into Austria, known as the Anschluss, which had little reaction from European countries since nearly all Austrians wanted to be part of Germany. Soon, Western Europe agreed to give Sudetenland, the part of Czechoslovakia that was mostly German, to Germany if Hitler promised to stop taking land. However, the rest of the country had been forced to surrender or be invaded by March 1939. The Allies now tried to stop him by promising to help Poland if it was attacked. Just before the war, Germany and the Soviet Union signed a peace agreement that openly stated that they would not attack each other for ten years. Secretly, they also agreed to divide Eastern Europe between them.
War breaks out
World War II began in Europe on September 1, 1939, as Germany invaded Poland. On September 3, Britain and France declared war on Germany. They did not do much to help Poland but sent only a small French attack on Germany from the west. The Soviet Union soon invaded eastern Poland, on September 17. Finally, all of Poland was divided.
Germany then signed an agreement to work together with the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union forced the Baltic countries to allow it to keep Soviet soldiers in their countries. Finland did not accept the Soviet call, and so it was attacked in November 1939. With peace, the world war broke out. France and Britain thought that the Soviet Union might enter the war for Germany and the Soviets were expelled from the League of Nations.
After Poland was defeated, the "Phoney War" began in Western Europe. British soldiers were sent to the Continent, but no large battles were fought between the two sides. Then, in April 1940, Germany decided to attack Norway and Denmark so that it would be safer to transport iron ore from Sweden. The British and the French sent an army to disrupt the German occupation, but had to leave when Germany invaded France. Neville Chamberlain was replaced by Winston Churchill as British prime minister in May 1940 because of the invasion.
Axis early victories
On 10 May, Germany invaded France, Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg and quickly defeated them using massive force tactics. The British were forced to leave mainland Europe at Dunkirk. On June 10, Italy invaded France and declared war on it and the United Kingdom. Soon, France was divided into occupation zones. Some were directly controlled by Germany and Italy, and the other was the zone of unoccupied Vichy France.
By June 1940, the Soviet Union moved its soldiers into the Baltic states and took them, followed by Bessarabia in Romania. Although there had been some collaboration between the Soviet Union and Germany earlier, that event made it serious. Later, when both countries could not agree to work more closely together, relationships between them became worse to the point of the war.
Germany began an air battle over Britain to prepare for a landing on the island, but the plan was finally canceled in September. The German Navy destroyed many British ships transporting goods in the Atlantic. Italy had begun its operation in the Mediterranean. The United States remained neutral but started to help the Allies. By helping to protect British ships in the Atlantic, the United States found itself fighting German ships by October 1941 but was not officially at war.
War becomes global
On June 22, 1941, the European Axis countries attacked the Soviet Union. This opened a new Eastern Front (World War II). During the summer, the Axis quickly captured Ukraine and the Baltic regions, which caused huge damage to the Soviets. Britain and the Soviet Union formed a military alliance in July. Although there was great progress in the last two months, when winter arrived, the tired German army was forced to delay its attack just outside Moscow. That showed that the Axis had failed its main targets, and the Soviet army was still not weakened. This marked the end of the blitzkrieg stage of the war.
By December, the Soviet Red Army facing the Axis army had received more soldiers from the east since it no longer feared the Japanese. The Soviets began a counterattack and pushed the German army to the west. The Axis lost a lot of soldiers but still had most of the land that it already controlled.
By November 1941, the British counterattacked the Axis in North Africa and got all the land back that it had lost. However, the Axis pushed the Allies back again until it was stopped at El Alamein.
In Asia, German successes encouraged Japan to call for oil supplies from the Dutch East Indies. Many Western countries reacted to the occupation of French Indochina by banning oil trading with Japan. Plans to take over European colonies in Asia to create a great defensive area in the Pacific was made by Japan to give it more resources. However, before any future invasion, Japan first had to destroy the American Pacific Fleet in the Pacific Ocean. On December 7, 1941, it attacked Pearl Harbor as well as many harbors in several South East Asian countries. That event led the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and the Western Allies to declare war on Japan, but the Soviet Union remained neutral. Most of the Axis nations reacted by declaring war on the United States.
By April 1942, many southeast Asian countries (Burma, Malaya, the Dutch East Indies, and Singapore) had almost fallen to the Japanese. In May 1942, the Philippines fell. The Japanese Navy had many quick victories, but in June 1942, Japan was defeated at Midway. Japan could no longer take the land because a large part of its navy was destroyed during the Battle of Midway.
Allies advance
On the Eastern Front, the Axis defeated Soviet attacks during summer and began its own main offensive to southern Russia along Don and Volga Rivers in June 1942 to try to take over oil fields in Caucasus, which were critical to the Axis for fuelling their war effort, and as well as a great steppe. Stalingrad (now Volgograd) was in the path of the Axis army, and the Soviets decided to defend the city. By November, the Germans had nearly taken Stalingrad, but the Soviets surrounded the Germans in the winter After heavy losses, the German army was forced to surrender the city in February 1943. Even though the front was pushed back farther than it was before the summer attacks, the German Arm y still had become dangerous to an area around Kursk. Hitler devoted almost two-thirds of his armies to The Battle of Stalingrad, which was the largest and deadliest battle at the time.
In August 1942, because of the Allied defense at El Alamein, the Axis army failed to take the town. A new Allied offensive drove the Axis west across Libya a few months later, just after the Anglo-American invasion of French North Africa forced it to join the Allies. That led to Axis defeat during the North African Campaign in May 1943.
In the Soviet Union, on July 4, 1943, Germany started an attack around Kursk. Many German soldiers were lost because of the Soviets' well-created defenses. Hitler cancelled the attack before it had any clear outcome. The Soviets then started their counterattack, which was one of the war's turning points. The Soviets, instead of the Germans, then became the attacking force on the Eastern Front.
On July 9, 1943, affected by the earlier Soviet victories, the Western Allies landed on Sicily, which resulted in the arrest of Mussolini in the same month. In September 1943, the Allies invaded mainland Italy, following the Italian armistice with the Allies. Germany then took control of Italy, disarmed its army, and built many defensive lines to slow the Allied invasion. German special forces rescued Mussolini and created the German-occupied puppet state of the Italian Social Republic.
In late 1943, Japan conquered some islands in India and began an invasion of the mainland of India. The British Indian Army and other forces expelled it in early 1944.
In early 1944, the Soviet army drove off the German army from Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg) and ended the longest and deadliest siege in history. After that, the Soviets began a large counterattack. By May, the Soviets had retaken Crimea. With the attacks in Italy from September 1943, the Allies succeeded in capturing Rome on June 4, 1944, and made the German forces fall back.
War ends in Europe
On D-Day, on June 6, 1944, the Allies began the invasion of Normandy, France. The codename for the invasion was Operation Overlord. The successful invasion led to the defeat of the German forces in France. Paris was freed in August 1944, and the Allies continued eastward while the German front collapsed. Operation Market Garden was the combined aerial invasion of the Netherlands and was launched on September 17, 1944. The purpose was to seize a series of bridges that included a bridge in Arnhem, which spanned the Rhine River. The airborne invasion was called Market. The ground invasion, named Garden, reached the Rhine but could not take the bridge.
On June 22, the Soviet offensive on the Eastern Front codenamed Operation Bagration, destroyed almost all of the German Army Group Centre. Soon, the Germans were forced to retreat and to defend Ukraine and Poland. The arriving Soviet troops caused uprisings against the German government in Eastern European countries, but they failed to succeed unless they were helped by the Soviets. Another Soviet offensive forced Romania and Bulgaria to join the Allies. Communist Serbian partisans under Josip Broz Tito retook Belgrade with some help from Bulgaria and the Soviet Union. By early 1945, the Soviets had attacked many German-occupied countries: Greece, Albania, Yugoslavia, and Hungary. The Soviets made Finland switch to the Allies.
On December 16, 1944, the Germans tried one last time to take the Western Front by attacking the Allies in Ardennes, Belgium, in a battle known as the Battle of the Bulge. It was the last major German war attack, and the Germans were unsuccessful in their attack. By March 1945, the Soviets had moved quickly from Vistula River in Poland to East Prussia and Vienna, and the Western Allies had crossed the Rhine. In Italy, the Allies pushed forward while the Soviets attacked Berlin. The Western Allies eventually met up with the Soviets at the Elbe River on April 25, 1945.
Hitler committed suicide on April 30, 1945, two days after Mussolini had been killed. In his will, Hitler appointed his navy commander, Grand Admiral Karl Donitz, to be his successor. Donitz surrendered to the allies, and opposed Hitler for wanting Germany to continue fighting.
German forces in Italy surrendered on April 29, 1945. Germany surrendered to the Western Allies on May 7, 1945, known as V-E Day, and was forced to surrender to the Soviets on May 8, 1945. The final battle in Europe ended in Italy, on May 11, 1945.
War ends in Pacific
In the Pacific, American forces arrived in the Philippines in June 1944. By April 1945, American and Philippine forces had cleared many of the Japanese forces, but fighting continued in some parts of the Philippines until the end of the war. British and Chinese forces had advanced in Northern Burma and captured Rangoon by May 3, 1945. American forces had taken Iwo Jima by March and Okinawa by June 1945. Many Japanese cities were destroyed by Allied bombings, and Japanese imports were cut off by American submarines.
The Allies wanted Japan to surrender without conditions, but Japan refused to do so. The United States dropped two atomic bombs over Hiroshima (August 6, 1945) and Nagasaki (August 9, 1945). On August 8, 1945, the Soviets entered the war against Japan and invaded Manchuria and quickly defeated the primary Imperial Japanese Army there. On August 15, 1945, Japan surrendered to the Allies. The surrender documents were formally signed on board the USS Missouri on September 2, 1945, which ended the war.
Aftermath
The Allies managed to occupy Austria and Germany. Germany was divided into two. The Soviets controlled the east, and the Western Allies controlled the west. The Allies began denazification, removing Nazi ideas from public life in Germany, and most high-ranking Nazis were captured and brought to a special court. Germany lost a quarter of its land in 1937, mostly to Poland and the Soviet Union. The Soviets also took some parts of Poland  and Finland as well as the three Baltic countries. The United Nations was formed on October 24, 1945 to keep peace between countries in the world. However, the relationship between the Western Allies and the Soviet Union had worsened during the war and, soon after it, each power quickly built up their power over the controlled area. In Western Europe and West Germany, it was the United States, while in East Germany and Eastern Europe, it was the Soviet Union, which turned many countries into communist states. The Cold War led to the formation of the American-led NATO and the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact.
In Asia, Japan was put under American occupation. In 1948, Korea was divided into North Korea and South Korea, each claiming to be the legal representative of the Koreans, which led to the Korean War in 1950. The civil war in China continued from 1946 and resulted in the KMT retreating to Taiwan in 1949 after the communists had won the mainland. In the Middle East, the Arabs' disagreed with the United Nations plan to create Israel, which marked the beginning of conflicts between the Arabs and Israel.
After the war, decolonization took place in many European colonies. Bad economies and people wanting to rule themselves were the main reasons. In most cases, that happened peacefully, except in some countries, such as Indochina and Algeria. In many regions, European withdrawal caused divisions among the people who had different ethnic groups or religions.
Economic recovery was different in many parts of the world, but in general, it was quite positive. The United States became richer than any other country; by 1950, it had taken over the world's economy. It also decided on the Marshall Plan (1948–1951) to help European countries. The German, Italian, and French economies recovered. However, the British economy was badly harmed and continued to worsen for more than ten years. The Soviet economy grew very fast after the war was over. That also happened with the Japanese economy, which became one of the largest economies in the 1980s. China returned to the same production level as before the war by 1952.
Death and war crimes
There is no exact number of deaths because many were unrecorded. Many studies said that more than 60 million people died in the war, mostly civilians. The Soviet Union lost around 27 million people, almost half of the recorded number of deaths, which means that 25% of the Soviets were killed or wounded in the war. About 85% of the total deaths were on the Allies, and the other 15% were on the Axis. Mostly, people died because they were sick, hungry to death, bombed, or the wrong ethnicity.
The Nazis selected many groups of people to be killed in what is known as known as The Holocaust. They killed Jews, Roma, Poles, Russians, homosexuals, and other groups. Around 11 million to 17 million civilians died. Around 7.5 million people were killed in China by the Japanese. The most well-known Japanese crime is the Nanking massacre, in which hundreds of thousands of Chinese civilians were raped and murdered. There were reports that the Germans and Japanese tested biological weapons against civilians and against prisoners-of-war.
Although many Axis war crimes were brought to the first international court, no Allied war crimes were.
Concentration camps and slave work
Other than the Holocaust, about 12 million people, mostly Eastern Europeans, were forced to work for the German economy. German concentration camps and Soviet gulags caused many deaths. Both sides treated prisoners of war badly. That was the case even for Soviet soldiers who survived and returned home.
Japanese prisoner-of-war camps, many of which were used as labor camps, also caused many deaths. The death rate of Western prisoners was 27.1%, seven times that of prisoners under Germans and Italians. More than 10 million Chinese civilians were made slaves and had to work in mines and war factories. Between 4 and 10 million people were forced to work in Java.
Between 1942 and 1945, US President Franklin Roosevel t signed an order that made Japanese Americans go to internment camps since he feared them helping an invasion. Some Germans and Italians were included as well.
The Allies agreed that the Soviet Union could use prisoners of war and civilians for forced labor. Hungarians were forced to work for the Soviet Union until 1955.
Home fronts and production
Before the war in Europe, the Allies had a larger population and economy than the Axis. If colonies were included, the GDP of the Allies would be twice that of the Axis. In Asia, however, China had a GDP only 38% higher than Japan if colonies were counted.
The Allied economy and population compared with the Axis lessened with the early Axis victories. However, that was no longer the case after the United States and the Soviet Union joined the Allies in 1941. The Allies had a higher production level than the Axis because of more natural resources. Also, Germany and Japan did not plan for a long war and even had no ability to do so. Both tried to improve their economies by using slave laborers.
Women
As men went off to fight, women took over many of the jobs that they left behind. At factories, women were employed to make bombs, guns, aircraft, and other equipment. In Britain, thousands of women were sent to work on farms as part of the Land Army. Others formed the Women's Royal Naval Service to help with building and repairing ships. Even Princess Elizabeth, who later became Queen Elizabeth II, worked as a mechanic to aid the war effort. By 1945, some weapons were being made almost entirely by women.
In the beginning, women were rarely used in the labor forces in Germany and Japan. However, Allied bombings and the German change to a war economy made women take a greater part.
In Britain, women also worked in gathering intelligence at Bletchley Park and other places. The mass evacuation of children also had a major impact on the lives of mothers during the war years.
Occupation
Germany had two different ideas of how it would occupy countries. In Western, Northern, and Central Europe, Germany set economic policies that would make it rich. During the war, the policies brought as much as 40% of total German income. In the east, the war against the Soviet Union meant Germany could not use the land to gain resources. The Nazis used their racial policy and murdered a lot of people they thought were non-human. The Resistance, the group of people secretly fighting Germany, could not harm Germany much until 1943.
Japan claimed to free colonized Asian countries from European colonial powers in Asia. Although it was welcomed at first in many territories, its cruel actions soon turned people against it. During the occupation, Japan used 4 million barrels of oil that had been left behind by the Allies. By 1943, Japan produced up to 50 million barrels of oil in the Dutch East Indies, was 76% of its 1940 rate.
Developments in technology
The war brought new methods for future wars. The air forces improved greatly in fields such as air transport, strategic bombing to use bombs to destroy industry and morale, radar, and weapons for destroying aircraft. Jet aircraft were developed and were used worldwide in air forces.
At sea, the war focused on using aircraft carriers and submarines. Aircraft carriers soon replaced battleships,  mainly for being cheaper. Submarines, a deadly weapon since World War I, also played an important part in the war. The British improved weapons for destroying submarines, such as sonar, while the Germans improved submarine tactics.
The style of war on the land had changed from World War I to be more moveable. Tanks, which had been used to support infantry, changed to being primary weapons. The tank was improved in speed, armour and firepower during the war. At the start of the war, most commanders thought that using better tanks was the best way to fight enemy tanks. However, early tanks could harm armour only a little. The German idea to avoid letting tanks fight each other meant tanks facing tanks rarely happened. That was a successful tactic in Poland and France. Ways to destroy tanks also improved. Vehicles became more used in the war, infantry remained the main part of the army, and most were equipped like in World War I.
Submachine guns became widely used, especially in cities and jungles. The assault rifle, a German development combining features of the rifle and submachine gun, became the main weapon for most armies after the war.
Other developments included better encryption for secret messages, such as the German Enigma. Another feature of military intelligence was the use of deception, especially by the Allies. Others include the first programmable computers, modern missiles and rockets, and the atomic bombs.
Military losses
Most authorities now agree that of the 30 million Soviets who bore arms, there were 13.6 million military deaths.
* Total of which 7,800,000 were battlefield deaths ** Including Australia, Canada, India, New Zealand, etc.
Civilian losses
Deaths among civilians during this war, many of which resulted from famine and internal purges, such as in China and the Soviet Union, were colossal but less well documented than those by the fighting forces. Although the figures are the best available from authoritative sources and present a broad picture of the scale of civilian losses, the precise numbers will never be known. Axis Powers
Germany, Italy, Japan, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Thailand
Allied Powers
United States, British Empire, France, Soviet Union, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Greece, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, South Africa, Yugoslavia
World economy
The world economy or the global economy is the economy of everyone in the world. This includes all trading that happens between people or groups of people such as nations. In some situations, the two meanings can mean different things, with the "global economy" being measured differently from how people measure and look at economies by country.
Urðarbrunnr
Urðarbrunnr (Old Norse for the "Well of Urðr") is a well in Norse mythology. It is situated under the Yggdrasil or the world tree. Norse mythology is a version of the older northern Germanic mythology. The gods would travel via the bifrost with the exception of Thor as it was thought that he would break the bridge which took the form of a rainbow, to Urðarbrunnr. Here they would meet and decide things, presumably laws of nature and magic and love and war.
Estrella tree frog
The estrella tree frog (Dendropsophus anceps) is a frog that lives in Brazil.
Renate Dorrestein
Dorrestein died on 4 May 2018 of esophageal cancer in Amsterdam at the age of 64.
Clarence Clemons
Clarence Clemons (January 11, 1942 – June 18, 2011) was an American musician and actor. He as known on stage as the Big Man. He died in his Florida home after having a large stroke.
He was born in Norfolk, Virginia in 1942. His father gave him an alto saxophone for Christmas one year. Clemons' saxophone playing was an important part of early songs by Bruce Springsteen, including "Rosalita" and "Born to Run".
Clemons released his for solo album in 1983.
Kratié (Town)
Kraitie is a town in cambodia. It is the capital of Kratié Province within Cambodia and is a sangkat within Kratié Municipality.
Shell (computing)
An operating system shell is a user interface that enables the user to interact with and access the services offered by the operating system. The user gives commands to the operating system through its shell.
Various shells
There are various types of shells:
Examples of command line operating systems are UNIX and Disk Operating System (DOS). Examples of menu driven operating systems are the DOS shell. Finally, examples	of graphical user interface (GUI) operating system are Linux and Microsoft Windows.
Flag of Wyoming
The flag of the State of Wyoming has an American bison in the center (facing to the left) and the Seal of Wyoming in the middle of the bison. The flag's original design was for the buffalo to face the opposite way.
3D video game
A 3D video game is a style of game set in 3 dimensions or modeled using 3D graphics. There are several types of 3D video games:
Bad Kissingen
Bad Kissingen is a city in Bavaria, Germany. About 22,421 people lived there in 2020.
History
It was first mentioned in 801 CE. It is a "spa town", a place where people go to rest and relax. The well that is the source of the spa was first mentioned in 823 CE.
Manhattan, Kansas
Manhattan is a city in the state of Kansas in the United States. It is at the junction of the Kansas River and Big Blue River. It is the county seat of Riley County. The city extends into Pottawatomie County. In 2010, 52,281 people lived there. It is sometimes confused with Manhattan, New York.
The city was created by settlers from the New England Emigrant Aid Company. They created it as a Free-State town in the 1850s. This was during the Bleeding Kansas era. It is nicknamed "The Little Apple" as a play on New York City's "Big Apple". Manhattan is best known as where Kansas State University is. It is a college town.
Fort Riley, a United States Army base, is 8 mi west of Manhattan.
Native American settlement
Before settlement by European-Americans in the 1850s, Native American tribes lived in the area. From 1780 to 1830 it was where the Kaw people (also known as the Kansa) lived. The Kaw settlement was called Blue Earth Village (Manyinkatuhuudje). It was named after the river the tribe called the Great Blue Earth River. It is known as the Big Blue River. The river intersected with the Kansas River by their village. Blue Earth Village was the place of a large battle between the Kaw and the Pawnee in 1812.
The Kaw tribe lost their land in a treaty signed at the Shawnee Methodist Mission on January 14, 1846.
1854: Polistra and Canton
In late 1854, Samuel D. Houston and three other people created Canton, a nearby community. It was near the mouth of the Big Blue River. Neither Canton nor Polistra ever grew beyond their original founders.
21st century
In 2007, CNN and Money magazine said Manhattan was one of the ten best places in America to retire young. In 2011, Forbes said Manhattan was the best for "Best Small Communities for a Business and Career."
Geography
Manhattan is at 39.19028°N, -96.58694°W (39.190142, −96.586818), or about 50 mi west of Topeka on the Kansas River.
The United States Census Bureau says that the city has an area of 18.79 sqmi. Of that, 18.76 sqmi is land and 0.03 sqmi is water.
Geographic features
Manhattan is in Kansas' Flint Hills region. That region has rolling hills covered in tall grasses. However, the downtown area was built on a broad, flat floodplain at the junction of the Kansas and Big Blue rivers. Manhattan is the biggest town in the Flint Hills. The Flint Hills Discovery Center is in Manhattan.
Tuttle Creek Reservoir is 5 mi north of Manhattan. The lake was created when the Big Blue River was dammed to help stop floods in the 1960s. It is a state park that has many things to do. The Konza Prairie, a tallgrass prairie preserve owned by The Nature Conservancy and Kansas State University, is south of Manhattan.
Climate
Manhattan has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa). It has hot, humid summers and cold, dry winters. The hottest temperature was 116 °F on August 13, 1936. The coldest temperature was -35 °F on February 12, 1899.