cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
2007 Zoé's Ark controversy
The Chadian orphan children scandal is about six French citizens from the aid group L'Arche de Zoe. On October 26, 2007, they were about to fly 103 Sudanese children to France from Chad. Chadian authorities claimed that the children were not orphans from Darfur in Sudan, but children from Chad with parents still alive. For that reason, the six workers were arrested in an airport on October 26, 2007. On December 21, they stood trial for kidnapping of 103 children. Chad's interior minister, Ahmat Bachir, said that the French suspects could face up to 20 years of hard labour in a Chad prison if they are convicted. The six suspects started a hunger strike in protest against the Chad court and the charges brought against them. On December 26, 2007, the six French aid workers were sentenced to eight years with hard labour in prison by a court in Chad. The French prime minister promised to talk with the Chadian government to try to bring the six aid workers back to France. In that case, they would have to serve their eight-year prison sentence in France.
Bible
Translations and versions
The first to provide a translation into Latin was Jerome, in the 5th century. He started what is known as the Vulgate today. Wufila translated the Bible into the Gothic language. In the early Middle Ages, people such as Petrus Valdes, and Jan Hus provided translations.
The New Testament was first translated into English in 1382 by John Wycliffe, and his associates translated the Old Testament. The translation was made from the Vulgate Latin bible. Wycliffe did this so that people could see for themselves what the Bible said. The translation was completed in 1382. There were some later editions by other people to the Wycliffe bible, as it is called. It was translated into Middle English, the language of his day. Wycliffe did not have Church permission to do this, but he was protected by John of Gaunt, one of the most powerful men in the kingdom. After both Wycliffe and his protector were dead, the Church declared Wycliffe a heretic in 1415, and banned his writings. The Council of Constance decreed Wycliffe's works should be burned and his remains exhumed (dug up). Why was the Church so opposed? The translations challenged the Church's authority over the people. In church, explaining the Bible was the priest's work. Whatever he said could not be challenged. Once the ordinary people could read the Bible, they might have other opinions.
The next step in translation was done in 1525 by William Tyndale. His translation was into Early Modern English, which we can just about understand today. Tyndale also did it without Church permission. His was the first translation to be printed, and several thousand copies were made. He had no protector, and his fate was terrible. He fled to Europe, but the agents of Thomas More (Chancellor of England at the time) eventually found him. Both Tyndale and his printer were executed by burning at the stake.
Another well known translation is the 1611 King James translation (commonly known as the Authorized King James Version of the Bible).
Some texts were written by historians who tried to show what Ancient Israel was like. Other texts are poems about God and his work. And others were used to make laws. Followers of Judaism and Christianity consider the Bible sacred but they do not all agree about what belongs in the Bible. What is considered part of the Bible changed with history. Different denominations include certain parts or leave out other parts. There is not one single version of the Bible; both the content of the books and their order may change.
Languages do not match. When a translation is done, the translator has to decide between translation word for word, or capturing the sense of the text. When he decides to capture the sense, he will choose other words in the target language. This is called paraphrasing.
Old Testament
The Christian Bible is a collection of 66 books. The first 39 books are the Old Testament. It is the first part of the God's story of salvation. "Salvation" is God's long work of saving us from our sins. "Sin" is what happened when people decided to live their own way instead of God's way in the world that God created. That was when God began His great work of saving us from our sins. To prepare the way, God had to destroy the whole world by a great flood, except for the family of Noah. Then God raised up a new people for Himself. They were the ancient Hebrews. God promised the Hebrews they would bring His salvation to the whole world. The first five books of the Old Testament are mostly the story of how God chose the ancient Hebrews and taught them his laws. Following these are the twelve books that tell the history of the Hebrews. The next five are books of poetry and wisdom. One of these five books, the "Psalms", is a book of songs showing mainly how God wants to be worshiped. The last seventeen books of the Old Testament were written by Hebrew prophets. These books tell about God's disappointment with the ancient Hebrews and His promise to bring them back to friendship with Him. The prophets also foretell a great surprise God was planning for the world-He was going to send His very own Son, the Messiah (the "Anointed One"), the Saviour, to save us from our sins. You can read about this Messiah in the New Testament. In the Old Testament, Tanakh was mostly written in Hebrew; a few parts were written in Aramaic. This part of the Bible is considered to be holy by Jews as well as Christians.
There are also a few books of the Old Testament's time called Deuterocanonical by those Churches that accept them as part of the Bible, and Apocrypha by those that do not.
New Testament
The second part is called the New Testament. The main part of this book is the story of the life of Jesus Christ. The four different versions of this story in the New Testament are called the Gospels. After the Gospels, there is also the story of what happened to the Church after Jesus's death and resurrection. Part of this is told through letters by early Christian leaders, especially Saint Paul. The final book of the Bible tells about a vision that St. John, one of the disciples of Jesus, had. In the vision John saw what would happen at the end of the world. This included judgement for evil and happiness for the people who had followed Jesus. One of the most quoted verses in the Bible is John 3:16: "For God so loved the world that He gave His one and only Son, that whoever believes in Him shall not perish [die] but have eternal life." NIV
Views about the Bible
People have different ideas about the Bible. Christians believe it is God's Word to people. The Jews believe that only the Old Testament is from God. Protestants and Catholics believe that the Old and New Testaments are God's Word. Catholics also believe that the books called Apocrypha or Deuterocanonical are part of the Bible. Sometimes different denominations disagree over exactly what the Bible means.
According to Islam, the Injil itself is to be followed but it is believed to have been corrupted with time. The Qur'an is believed to be the successor.
Atheists do not believe that gods exist, so the Bible is only an ancient book.
Deists believe in God, but they believe that the Bible was written by people, so they don't see it as important.
Nankana Sahib
Nankana Sahib, (Shahmukhi: ; Gurmukhi: ਨਨਕਾਣਾ ਸਾਹਿਬ) is a city in the Nankana Sahib District. This new district formed in 2005. The city used to be called Rai-Bhoi-Di-Talwandi and was part of the old Sheikhupura District. Nankana Sahib is in the region of Punjab. It is about 75 kilometres west of Lahore and about 55 kilometres east of Faisalabad.
History
The village of Nankana Sahib was founded by Rai Boi. He was a Muslim Rajput of Bhatti Clan, and a retainer of the Delhi Sultanate rulers of the early 15th Century. His descendants were Chaudhary Rai Bular (died 1515), who was a devotee of Guru Nanak Dev (1469-1539), the founder of the Sikh religion. Guru Nanak's parents were from Amritsar District area, as his father Mehta Kalu got a new job as a patwari of the village of Rai Bhoi Di Talwandi (now Nankana Sahib), in the Sandal Bar region of Punjab.
Confucianism
Confucianism is the philosophy based on the teachings of Confucius (551 BC - 479 BC), who was an important Chinese philosopher. Confucianism has a complete system of moral, social, political, and religious thought, and has had a large influence on the history of Chinese civilization. Some people think Confucianism should be called a religion but others do not agree.
Confucianism was made to stop the fall of former Chinese society. After the Zhou Dynasty fell, people cared only for themselves and did not have any respect for others. Confucianism became a social order for China, teaching that social relationships are the most important. People slowly started to believe in it, because they wanted to have peace, but they had to care for themselves too. As a result, Confucianism brought the people love, harmony, and respect for one another.
Confucianism was started in Ch'u-fu, Confucius's birthplace. Today, Confucianism has spread around the world, but it is still more important in China.
The teachings of Confucius focus largely on the respect of one's parents, elders, and ancestors. He also taught that humans 'can never stop learning'; meaning that knowledge is infinite, therefore we will always learn, never stopping. For example, he once asked a seven-year-old child to be his teacher, because the child knew something that he did not.
Confucianism Beliefs and Teachings
Confucianism is mainly built on the idea of etiquette and building good relations within a community. Confucius, founder of Confucianism, taught that harmony was a fundamental aspect of the world, and viewed God (Tian) as not the personal maker of the universe, but as the governing order and regularity of the universe, and that people should regularly engage in ritual dedicated to God in order ground oneself and the community with the divine.
The Three Fundamental Bonds and Five Constant Virtues: are the bases of morality.
Bonds:
Virtues:
Chinese culture that exists today has its roots in Confucianism. Confucius believed that families are the building blocks of a society, which is why he laid emphasis on Filial Piety, which is known as xiào (孝) in Chinese. Filial Piety means loyalty towards one's family. A Filial son is expected to take care of his parents and go to any extent to make their wishes come true. Confucians venerate their ancestors in the form of ritual dedicated to statues or representations of them.
Confucianism advocates for people to strive for achieving the title of a Junzi, or "gentleman". The Confucian Junzi acts as a leader to the community, has the ability to see beyond himself and works in the interest of the whole rather than himself, works towards gradual, rather than immediate, goals, and is loyal and humble.
The book, Analects, describes the teachings of Confucius and was written by his disciples.
Saint Thomas Christians
The Saint Thomas Christians are a very old community in Kerala, India also called as Syrian Christians of India, Nasrani or Malabar Nasrani or Malankara Nasrani or Nasrani Mappila, are an ethno-religious community of Indian Christians from the state of Kerala, who follow the East Syriac Rite, West Syriac Rite and the liturgical rites of Syriac Christianity. They trace their origins to the evangelistic or missionariy activity of Thomas the Apostle in the 1st century. Nasrani is an Arabic word for "Christian" that came from the Greek word Nazōraioi, Nazarene in English. The Saint Thomas Christians are now divided into different Churches like Eastern Catholic, Oriental Orthodox, Protestant, and independent bodies, each with their own liturgies and traditions. They are Malayali people and speak the Malayalam language
Simplicity
When something is simple, it is very easy to understand or to do. The opposite is hard or complex or difficult. Simplicity is the quality of being simple.
Saint Thomas Christians
Saint Thomas Christians are a community with different ethnicities or different origins.Their culture is largely from East Syriac, West Syriac, Hindu, Jewish, and Latin Rite influences, blended with local customs and later elements derived from indigenous Indian and European colonial contacts. Their language is Malayalam, the language of Kerala, and Syriac is used for prayers.
Simplicity
Simple can mean something that is only made up of a few parts. It lacks complexity.
Saint Thomas Christians
The Saint Thomas Christians have also been nicknamed such due to their reverence for Saint Thomas the Apostle, who is said to have brought Christianity to India. The name dates back to the period of Portuguese colonisation. They are also known, especially locally, as Nasrani or Nasrani Mappila. The former means Christian; it appears to have been derived from the Hebrew word Netzer or the Aramaic Nasraya from Isaiah 11:1. Mappila is an honorific applied to members of non-Indian faiths and descendants of immigrants from the middle east who had intermarried with the local population, including Muslims (Jonaka Mappila) and Jews (Yuda Mappila). Some Syrian Christians of Travancore continue to attach this honorific title to their names. The Government of India designates members of the community as Syrian Christians, a term originating with the Dutch colonial authority that distinguishes the Saint Thomas Christians, who used Syriac (within East Syriac Rite or West Syriac Rite) as their liturgical language, from newly evangelised Christians who followed the Roman Rite.The terms Syrian or Syriac relate not to their ethnicity but to their historical, religious and liturgical connection to the Church of the East, or East Syriac Church.
Simplicity
Simple can mean that something or someone is humble (lowly) or common:
Saint Thomas Christians
History
Simplicity
Simple can also be used to refer to someone whose mind thinks in a very simple way. Calling a person "simple minded" is usually rude.
Saint Thomas Christians
According to tradition, Thomas the Apostle came to Muziris on the Kerala coast in AD 52 and converted many Nambudiri Brahmins to christianity and established the Ezharapallikal. The most prominent families amongst the many are Pakalomattam, Sankarapuri, Kalli, Kalliyankal, Nedumpally, Kunnappilly, Payyippilly, Vazhappilly, Maliekkal, Panakkamattom and Thayil.
The Cochin Jews are known to have existed in Kerala in the 1st century AD, and it was possible for an Aramaic-speaking Jew, such as St. Thomas from Galilee, to make a trip to Kerala then.The earliest known source connecting the Apostle to India is the Acts of Thomas, likely written in the early 3rd century, perhaps in Edessa.
A number of 3rd and 4th century Roman writers also mention Thomas' trip to India, including Ambrose of Milan, Gregory of Nazianzus, Jerome, and Ephrem the Syrian, while Eusebius of Caesarea records that St. Clement of Alexandria's teacher Pantaenus from Alexandria visited a Christian community in India using the Gospel of Matthew in Hebrew language in the 2nd century.￼
The tradition of origin of the Christians in Kerala is found in a version of the Songs of Thomas or Thomma Parvam, written in 1601 and believed to be a summary of a larger and older work.Thomas is described as arriving in or around Maliankara and founding Seven Churches, or Ezharapallikal: Kodungallur, Kollam, Niranam, Nilackal (Chayal), Gokkamangalam, Kottakkavu, Palayoor and Thiruvithamcode Arappally (a "half church"). The Thomma Parvam also narrates the conversion of Jews, natives, and the local King at Kodungallur by St Thomas. The Thomma Parvam further narrates St Thomas's mission in the rest of South India and his martyrdom at Mylapore in present-day Chennai, Tamil Nadu.￼
There is evidence that members of the St Thomas Christian community observed Brahmin customs in the Middle Ages, such as the wearing of the sacred thread and having a kudumi. The medieval historian Pius Malekandathil believes these were customs adopted and privileges won during the beginning of the Brahmin dominance of medieval Kerala. He argues that the Syrian Christians in Kerala, integrated with Persian Christian migrant merchants, in the 9th century to become a powerful trading community and were granted the privileges by the local rulers to promote revenue generation and to undermine Buddhist and Jain traders who rivaled the Brahmins for religious and political hegemony in Kerala at the time.
Pienza
Pienza, a town (it: commune) in the province of Siena, in the Val d'Orcia in Tuscany (central Italy), between the towns of Montepulciano and Montalcino, is the "touchstone of Renaissance urbanism."
ALI PROJECT
ALI PROJECT is a Japanese musical group. The members of this group are Arika Takarano and Mikiya Katakura. They play an active role in Japanese animation.
Pienza
In 1996, UNESCO put the town his list as a World Heritage Site, and in 2004 the all valley, the Val d'Orcia, was put on the list of UNESCO's World Cultural Landscapes.
History
Pienza was rebuilt from a village called Corsignano, which was the birthplace (1405) of Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini (Italian: Enea Silvio Piccolomini), a Renaissance humanist born into an exiled Sienese family, who later became Pope Pius II. Once he became Pope, Piccolomini had the entire village rebuilt as an ideal Renaissance town. Intended as a retreat from Rome, it represents the first application of humanist urban planning concepts.The rebuilding was done by Florentine architect Bernardo Gambarelli (known as Bernardo Rossellino).
Palazzo Piccolomini
The piazza is made by four buildings. The principal residence, Palazzo Piccolomini, is on the west side.
The Duomo
The Duomo (Cathedral), which dominates the center of the piazza, has a façade that is one of the earliest designed in the Renaissance manner. Artworks in the Duomo include five altar paintings from the Sienese School. The Baptistry, dedicated as usual to San Giovanni.
Palazzo Borgia
The Palazzo Borgia, on the third side of the piazza, was built as the palace to house the bishops who would travel to Pienza to attend the Pope. Inside the palace there is the Diocesan Museum, and the Museo della Cattedrale. The collection includes a lot of religious artifacts. Paintings include a 7th-century painting of Christ on the Cross (La Croce), 14th century works by Pietro Lorenzetti (Madonna with Child) and Bartolo di Fredi (Madonna della Misericordia). There are also important works from the 14th and 15th centuries, including a Madonna attributed to Luca Signorelli.
Palazzo Comunale
Across from the church is the town hall. Since Corsigniano was originally a village without a town governance, before the transformations there was no town hall. But when Corsigniano was given the status of an official city, a Palazzo Comunale was required. A third floor was added in 1599. The Palazzo Comunale was probably also designed by Rossellino.
Extreme Records
The label was started by Ulex Xane. They first focused on experimental and industrial music. Roger Richards became involved in 1987. After Xane left, he became director.
Communes of the Cher department
The following is a list of the 290 communes of the Cher département in France.
Tribal Hidage
The Tribal Hidage is generally considered to be a tribute list dated to 7th or 8th century Anglo-Saxon England. It was a list of 35 tribes that made up the majority of the peoples living in southern England at that time. Each tribe or kingdom on the list had a rounded off number of hides (units of land measurement). Modern historians believe it was created by either Mercian or Northumbrian overlords to collect tribute from the other groups.
Origins
The Tribal Hidage is an important historical document. The oldest copies available were written in style of the 11th century. This is at a time when many of the names of the earlier regions had been forgotten. In some cases the list is the only evidence that a region or people of that name ever existed. There were probably older versions of the Tribal Hidage and may have dated back to when Penda of Mercia dominated Anglo-Saxon England (642–655).
Historians are mixed when it comes to where the document came from originally. It may have been written by Paulinus for King Edwin of Northumbria. It may have been created for the use of Offa of Mercia. Others have not suggested a place or reign, but a particular period of time for when it was probably written—between 670-690. Historians are not certain what the exact reason was for creating the list. Most seem to agree it was probably a tribute list. There are signs that the list was updated over a period of time. So it may have had more than one purpose.
The Hidage list
The text in the original documents is corrupt. Not every name can be clearly read. The names on the list are for tribal groups of peoples and not for districts or regions they lived in. Three different revisions have been identified by historian David Dumville. These are called Recension A, Recension B, and Recension C.
The first part of the list had 20 names. At the end of the first group is a total number of hides of land given as 66, 100. The numbers of hides for each group add up to 66,100 so the number is correct. The second group of 15 names has a total under it listed at 242,700 hides. But this is incorrect. If you add up the hides for each of the names in this group it totals 244,100. These are almost certainly math errors.
Primary list
Of the first or primary part of the list contained several recognized peoples:
Secondary list
This part of the list seems to have been added:
Mehrdad Oladi
Mehrdad Oladi (, May 25, 1985 – April 19, 2016) was an Iranian footballer. He recently played for Malavan in the Iran Pro League. He usually played in the striker position.
Hopewell, New York
Hopewell is a town in Ontario County, New York, United States. The population was 3,747 at the 2010 census.
Mehrdad Oladi
He joined Malavan in the summer of 2009. Alongside Pejman Nouri, they had two great seasons with Malavan, reaching the final of the Hazfi Cup. He was the top scorer for Malavan with 15 goals in the 2010–11 season. In four games played in the Hazfi Cup, he scored five times.
He joined Esteghlal on 11 November 2013, with a one and half year contract. Oladi was released by Esteghlal in June 2014 and signed a contract with Malavan.
Pamela Reed
Pamela Reed (born April 2, 1949) is an American actress. She acts in both movies and television. In Kindergarten Cop, she played Phoebe O'Hara; in Junior, she played Angela (both alongside Arnold Schwarzenegger); and in The Simpsons, she played Ruth Powers.
Reed was born in Tacoma, Washington.
Kim Wi-man
Kim Wi-Man (born 23 June 1979) is a North Korean professional athlete. He is best known as an association football player.
Club career statistics
69||3||1||0||0||0||70||3 69||3||1||0||0||0||70||3
Chase County, Nebraska
Chase County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 census, 3,893 people lived there. The county seat is Imperial. It was founded in 1873.
Operational transformation
In computer science, operational transformation is a technique in building collaborative software systems.
Electoral district of Colton
Colton is an electoral district of South Australia. It was created in 1993.
Colton is in Adelaide.
Berzème
Berzème is a town and commune of the Ardèche département, in the southern part of France. In 2015, it had a population of 180 people.
Operational transformation
System architecture
Collaboration systems using operational transformations typically use replicated document storage where each user has their own copy of the document. Users operate on their own local copies. Their changes are then pushed to the rest of the users. When a user receives the changes pushed from another user, they typically transform the changes before executing them.
Rock & Chips
Rock & Chips is a British television comedy-drama series. It is the prequel to the sitcom Only Fools and Horses. The show is set in Peckham, South East London, England in the early 1960s. The cast includes: Kellie Bright, Nicholas Lyndhurst, James Buckley, Phil Daniels, Paul Putner, Katie Griffiths, Paula Wilcox, Mel Smith, Alison Pargeter, and Kacey Ainsworth.
Operational transformation
Basics
The idea of operational transformation is to transform (or adjust) the variables of an editing operation according to the effects of previously executed operations so that the transformed operation can achieve the correct effect and maintain document consistency.
Operational transformation can be shown by using the example of a text editing scenario. Given a text document with a string "abc" replicated at two collaborating sites; and two concurrent operations:
generated by two users at sites one and two, suppose the two operations are executed in the order of O1 and O2 (at site one). After executing O1, the document becomes "xabc". To execute O2 after O1, O2 must be transformed against O1 to become: O2' = Delete[3, "c"], whose position variable is incremented by one due to the insertion of one character "x" by O1. Executing O2' on "xabc" deletes the correct character "c" and the document becomes "xab". However, if O2 is executed without transformation, it incorrectly deletes character "b" rather than "c".
Fugitive slave laws
The Fugitive Slave Acts were two federal laws that concerned runaway slaves in the United States. The two acts were passed in 1793 and in 1850. They required federal involvement in catching runaway slaves in Northern States. The laws were designed to protect Southern slave owners. They required those states and jurisdictions to help in the capture and delivery of fugitive slaves. The laws were very unpopular in the North. They caused a great deal of resentment in the years leading up to the American Civil War.
Background
Slavery in America began in the English colony of Jamestown in 1619. It started with the purchase of 20 Africans from an English warship named the White Lyon. The Colonists in the Virginia Colony bought the contracts of the Africans as indentured servants. Not long after this it became a custom to hold slaves for life in the colonies. During the 17th and 18th centuries, slaves were used to raise crops of tobacco and food crops. After the invention of the cotton gin in 1793, cotton became the most important crop. At this point slavery became a critical part of the South's economy.
The issue of slavery caused difficulties for the United States almost from its beginning as a country. The framers of the Constitution used ambiguous language regarding the holding of slaves. Neither the word "slave" or "slavery" were used in the Constitution. The problem was in creating a democracy that ensured its citizens freedom while keeping a considerable part of the population in slavery without any freedoms.
Tamotsu Suzuki
Tamotsu Suzuki (鈴木 保) is a former Japanese football player and manager. He managed for Japan women's national team.
Fugitive slave laws
Background
In the United States, up to the 1860s, slaves and indentured servants were treated as personal property. They were subject to the property laws of the individual states. At first, most of the laws concerned indentured servants. But the laws began to differentiate between indentured servants and slaves around the middle of the 17th century. They also began to differentiate between races. People of African descent began to be held as slaves for life.
Men and women slaves were generally treated the same under most state laws. However, some states had laws that applied only to women slaves. For example, Virginia passed laws punishing women who had children by their masters. They also confirmed the slave status of any children born of a "Negro or mulatto women". Great Britain had a structured system whereby children claimed their lineage through their father. This also applied to illegitimate children (parents were not married). Virginia was the first colony to change this. Slave children were considered the same race and status as the mother, even if the child was fathered by a white man. Laws concerning rape did not apply to black and Indian women. A slave woman could not defend herself against the attack by a white person. If she did, she was subject to beatings. While it was illegal to have relations with a slave woman, the laws were not usually enforced. This system increased the wealth of slave owners. They did not have to buy slaves if they could breed their own.
Tamotsu Suzuki
Biography
Suzuki was born in Saitama on April 29, 1947. After graduating from Rikkyo University, he played for Nissan Motors from 1972 to 1974.
Fugitive slave laws
Background
Slaves, whether born into slavery or purchased as a slave, had no legal rights. The United States Supreme Court decision Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) confirmed that slaves were not citizens of the United States nor of any state they reside in. In 1868 the Fourteenth Amendment overturned the Dred Scott decision.
Tamotsu Suzuki
Biography
From 1975, Suzuki became coach for Nissan Motors. He managed for Nissan Motors (1985) and Nissan FC Ladies (1987–1989).
Fugitive slave laws
Northwest Ordinance 1787
The Northwest Ordinance (1787) was an act of the Congress of the Confederation of the United States (before the United States Constitution). It created the Northwest Territory, the first organized territory of the United States. The Ordinance provided that the territory would be formed into "not less than three nor more than five States".
Tamotsu Suzuki
Biography
In 1989, he became manager for Japan women's national team. He managed 3 world tournament, 1991, 1995 World Cup and 1996 Summer Olympics. In Asia, Japan won the 2nd place 4 times, AFC Women's Championship (1991, 1995) and Asian Games (1990, 1994). He resigned after 1996 Summer Olympics and Satoshi Miyauchi became a new manager.
Fugitive slave laws
Northwest Ordinance 1787
The territory was made up of lands beyond the Appalachian Mountains. It was south of British North America and the Great Lakes. It was north of the Ohio River. Article VI of the Northwest Ordinance prohibited slavery in the new territory. However, it contained a provision that any fugitive slaves caught in the territory would be returned to their owners. It also did not place any restrictions on slavery within any new states formed from the Northwest Territory. Southerners had no problems with the ban on slavery. They thought that most of the new settlers would come from Southern states. Once a state was formed, the former Southerners would vote to allow slavery. However, none of the states formed from the Northwest Territory ended up allowing slavery.
Tamotsu Suzuki
Biography
In August 1996, he became manager for Nikko Securities Dream Ladies and won the Nadeshiko League champions for 3 years in a row to 1998. However the club was disbanded due to financial strain end of 1998 season.
Fugitive slave laws
U.S. Constitution 1789
When the United States Constitution replaced the Articles of Confederation in 1789, Article Four of the United States Constitution contained the Fugitive Slave Clause. It states: "No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due."
Tamotsu Suzuki
Biography
In June 1999, Japan under manager Miyauchi was defeated in group stage at 1999 World Cup and failure to qualify for 2000 Summer Olympics. After 1999 World Cup, Suzuki became a manager for Japan national team again and managed Japan at 1999 AFC Women's Championship in November. Japan finished at the 4th place and he resigned end of the championship.
Fugitive slave laws
Fugitive Slave Act 1793
While Article IV, Section 2 of the United States Constitution did guarantee the right of slave owners to reclaim fugitive slaves. However, it did not set up the legal mechanism. The Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 passed by the second Congress added that mechanism. It authorized the arrest of runaway slaves and gave any magistrate of a town, city or county to rule on the arrest. The slave hunter only had to state the person captured was a runaway slave. No proof was required and there was no trial. It added a fine of $500 to any person who helped a runaway slave. It was passed in response to the rise of abolitionism in the North and also to the Underground Railroad that was set up to help slaves escape the South.
Fugitive Slave Act 1850
The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 was a controversial part of the Compromise of 1850. The 1850 slave law added penalties for officials who did not arrest alleged runaway slaves. It fined them $1,000. Any law enforcement official was required to arrest anyone suspected of being a runaway slave. All that was required was a persons sworn testimony of ownership. As before there was no trial and the suspect could not testify on their own behalf. Anyone who provided food or shelter to any suspected runaway slave was subject to six months in prison and a fine of $1,000. An officer who captured a runaway slave would get a bonus or a promotion. The 1850 law provided for special commissioners to decide if the alleged fugitive was to be returned to slavery. He received $10 if the fugitive was returned, but only $5 if the fugitive was freed. This amounted to a legal form of bribery. This caused a large number of free blacks to be sent into slavery.
Results of the slave law
The 1850 Fugitive Slave Law caused outrage in the Northern States. It caused thousands of Northerners to be convinced slavery should not be allowed in the western territories. Eight states in the North passed "personal liberty" laws. These prevented any official from helping to return a runaway slave. Southerners regarded these laws as being illegal attempts to prevent the return of their slaves. In the North, free black communities provided runaway slaves with sanctuary and hid them from the hired kidnappers searching for them. About 15,000 free blacks emigrated to Canada, the Caribbean and Africa after the 1850 law was passed. Thousands of others including free blacks were not so lucky and were sent South.
In 1851, a gun battle broke out between abolitionists and slave catchers in Christiana, Pennsylvania. In Wisconsin a fugitive named Joshua Glover was forcibly freed from a jail. In Boston, a mob tried to free a fugitive named Anthony Burns. It took 22 companies of state troopers to stop them. The Southern states were completely convinced the North would not follow the slave laws.
Rory's Place
The series premiered on Ready Set Learn as part of the TLC programming block on September 27, 1997 and ended on January 23, 1999.
Cryptocurrency
Cryptocurrency is a type of currency which uses digital files as money. Often, people create these files using the same ways as cryptography (the science of hiding information). Cryptocurrency users can use Digital signature s to keep the transactions safe, and to let other people check that the transactions are real. The creators of the first cryptocurrencies made them to be free of government-given currencies.
No single person controls cryptocurrencies. Instead they are decentralized and controlled by many people. This is different from 'centralized' electronic money and central banks, which a small group of people control. The control of each cryptocurrency works through a distributed ledger (a list of transactions shared by everyone), usually a blockchain. This lets everyone know all of the financial transactions that happen.
Bitcoin, first released as open-source software in 2009, is famous because it was the first decentralized cryptocurrency. Since then, people have created more than 4,000 cryptocurrencies (sometimes called altcoins, or alternative coins).
The value problem
In many cases, it is not possible to exchange cryptocurrencies for real currencies such as the US dollar. It is only possible to convert them to other cryptocurrencies. People can also use them to buy things. But you can convert some cryptocurrencies to real currencies. Those cryptocurrencies usually have high volatility, (their price changes very often). Using them is very risky. They are also a target for Pump-and-Dump-Attacks. They act like a big distributed economic system: because they are not issued or controlled by central banks, their value is difficult to influence. For this reason, they cannot really take the place of a stable currency.
People often use cryptocurrencies to do speculation. That makes building a system of more or less stable exchange rates very difficult. Another problem is the inequality of distribution: a small number of people have most of the cryptocurrency. For example: about 1.000 people hold half of the total amount of bitcoins in the world. So if any of these people start using the Bitcoin that they own, they will change the exchange rate. It also means that these people have a great influence on the value of the currency. They can change its value easily. The currency itself only tells you who owns it. Exchange rates of cryptocurrencies are established outside the system. Traders and brokers set the exchange rate. This is not a guarantee that they trade cryptocurrency at the value that they suggest. The unit of cryptocurrency doesn't have value by itself.
In contrast to cryptocurrencies, central banks control "real" currencies such as the US dollar, Japanese yen, euro, or Chinese renminbi. Certain economic phenomena such as inflation or deflation may change the value (and exchange rate) of a currency. The people who own units of the currency have no direct influence on its value.
Formal definition
According to Jan Lansky, a cryptocurrency is a system that meets six conditions:
In March 2018, the word "cryptocurrency" was added to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary.
Crypto mixing
Basically, cryptocurrency mixing is a service where tainted bitcoins can become unmarked bitcoins. Bitcoin mixing, also called Bitcoin tumbling or Bitcoin blending, is the process of using a service to make your Bitcoin purchases and transactions untraceable. Instantly mixing Bitcoin is the only way to hide your bitcoin exchanges and make them impossible to track. This protects against criminals, hackers, and activities prohibited by the law where people use bitcoin. It also protects you against law enforcement. The huge amount of bitcoins on mixing services come from mining pools around the world.
Crypto mining
Crypto mining is the process of using specialized hardware and software to verify transactions on a blockchain network. The process involves solving complex mathematical equations to validate transactions and add them to the blockchain. Miners are rewarded for their efforts with cryptocurrency, usually in the form of the coin that they are mining. There are three main types of crypto mining: Proof of Work (PoW), Proof of Stake (PoS) and Proof of Authority (PoA)
Proof of Work is the most widely used consensus mechanism in the crypto space. It is used by Bitcoin and many other cryptocurrencies. In PoW, miners have to solve complex mathematical equations to validate transactions and add them to the blockchain. The miner who solves the equation first is rewarded with cryptocurrency.
Proof of Stake is a newer consensus mechanism that is becoming increasingly popular. In PoS, instead of solving complex equations, miners are chosen to validate transactions based on the amount of cryptocurrencythey hold. This is known as ‘staking’. The more cryptocurrency a miner holds, the more likely they are to be chosen to validate transactions.
Racewalking
Racewalking, or Walking race, is a long-distance athletic event. It is different from running: in that one foot must appear to be in contact with the ground at all times. Stride length is reduced, so to achieve competitive speeds, race walkers must walk at speeds close to those that Olympic 400-meter runners use. They must walk at those speeds for hours at a time since the Olympic events are the 20 km race walk and 50 km race walk.
New World vulture
New World vultures are the group of vultures that are found in the Americas. They form the family Cathartidae. There are seven species in five genera. Four of the genera contain only one species each, so they are monotypic.
The two largest species are called condors.
Canal Fulton, Ohio
Canal Fulton is a city in Ohio in the United States.
Colfax County
Colfax County is the name of two counties in the United States:
Extreme (band)
Extreme is an American rock band. They are headed by frontmen Gary Cherone and Nuno Bettencourt. They were popular in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
Among some of Extreme's musical influences are Aerosmith, Led Zeppelin, Queen.
Extreme had their greatest success with their 1990 album Pornograffitti. It peaked at number 10 on the Billboard 200. It became gold in May 1991 and 2×platinum in October 1992. That album had the ballad single "More Than Words," which reached No. 1 on Billboard's Hot 100 in the United States.
Bidon
Bidon is a town and commune of the Ardèche département, in the southern part of France.
Bessas
Bessas is a town and commune of the Ardèche département, in the southern part of France.
Duane Clarridge
Duane Ramsdell "Dewey" Clarridge (April 16, 1932 – April 9, 2016) was an American senior operations officer for the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and supervisor for more than 30 years. Clarridge was the chief of the Latin American division from 1981 to 1987 and a key figure in the Iran-Contra Affair. Clarridge died at the age of 83, a week short of his 84th birthday in Leesburg, Virginia on April 9, 2016 from complications of esophageal cancer.
1948 Summer Olympics
The 1948 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XIV Olympiad, were held at London in the United Kingdom.
These were the first Summer Olympics to be held since the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, because no Games were held during World War II.
Interactive whiteboard
An interactive whiteboard is a large, interactive screen that connects a computer and a projector. The projector projects the computer's desktop onto the screen of the interactive whiteboard. The user can control the computer by using a special pen, finger or another tool to touch the screen of the interactive whiteboard. Normally, interactive whiteboards are fixed on walls. However, there are some mobile interactive whiteboards. Interactive whiteboards are used in many different places such as in classrooms, in work groups and in training rooms for professional coaching. Interactive whiteboards are the modern version of the traditional whiteboards used in schools.
1948 Summer Olympics
In part, the games were thought to be a success because the Organizing Committee did not go into debt. The final financial report showed a ₤29,000 profit.
Interactive whiteboard
Operation
The interactive whiteboard must be connected to an PC before you can use the whiteboard. Most whiteboards are connected to the computer's Serial port or to a USB port. Some newer systems can use a wireless connection to the computer. The summary of use the interactive whiteboard includes three words: controlling, translation and presentation.
1948 Summer Olympics
Participating nations
A total of 59 nations sent athletes to compete at the London Games. • 🇦🇫 Afghanistan
Interactive whiteboard
Using interactive whiteboards
Teachers:
Mega Man Xtreme
Mega Man Xtreme is a platform video game made by Capcom for the Game Boy Color game console in 2000. It is a spin-off game in the Mega Man X series which started on the Super NES. It was followed by a sequel, Mega Man Xtreme 2, in 2001.
Interactive whiteboard
Using interactive whiteboards
For students:
1948 Summer Olympics
Participating nations
• 🇦🇷
Interactive whiteboard
Projection Systems
Front-projection: In this system the projector is placed in front of the whiteboard. Either the projector is fixed on the whiteboard or it hangs on the ceiling.
1948 Summer Olympics
Participating nations
• 🇦🇺
Mega Man Xtreme
The game has three difficulty levels. Normal has four levels, Hard has four different levels, and Xtreme has all eight levels. Stages, enemies, bosses, and music from Mega Man X and Mega Man X2 are re-used in the game.
1948 Summer Olympics
Participating nations
• 🇦🇹
Boffres
Boffres is a town and commune of the Ardèche département, in the southern part of France.
1948 Summer Olympics
Participating nations
• 🇧🇪
•
• 🇧🇷 Brazil
•  British Guiana
•  Burma
• 🇨🇦 Canada
•  Ceylon
•  Republic of China
• 🇨🇴
• 🇨🇺
•  Czechoslovakia
• 🇪🇬 Egypt
• 🇫🇮
• 🇫🇷
• 🇬🇧
• 🇬🇷 Greece
• 🇭🇺 Hungary
• 🇮🇳 India
Interactive whiteboard
Projection Systems
Pros
Compared to the rear projection this system is much cheaper
Cons
The teacher or the student must stand in front of the whiteboard and sometimes their body will cast a shadow.
Rear-projection: In the rear-projection system the projector is placed behind the whiteboard.
The teacher does not cast a shadow and does not look into the projector light while speaking to the students.
Ryota Arimitsu
Ryota Arimitsu (born 21 April 1981) is a Japanese football player. He plays for V-Varen Nagasaki.
Interactive whiteboard
Projection Systems
This system is very expensive.
Ryota Arimitsu
Club career statistics
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1948 Summer Olympics
Participating nations
• 🇮🇷 Iran
• 🇮🇶 Iraq
• 🇮🇪
• 🇮🇹
• 🇯🇲 Jamaica
• 🇰🇷
• 🇱🇮
• 🇱🇺
• 🇲🇹
• 🇲🇽 Mexico
• 🇳🇿
Cheyenne County, Nebraska
Cheyenne County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 census, 9,468 people lived there. The county seat is Sidney. It was founded in 1871.
1948 Summer Olympics
Participating nations
• 🇳🇴
• 🇵🇰
• 🇵🇦
• 🇵🇪 Peru