cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Taupe
The first use of taupe as a color name in English was in the early 1800s (exact year is not known).
Cocoa butter
Cocoa butter, also called theobroma oil, is the pale-yellow, pure vegetable fat of the cacao bean. It is used to make solid chocolate bars, and mixed with cocoa powder to make solid pieces of chocolate. Cocoa butter is removed from the cacao beans and can be used to make chocolate, pharmaceuticals, ointments, and toiletries. Cocoa butter has a mild chocolate flavor and smell. It is one of the most stable fats known.
Govi-Altai Province
Govi-Altai (Говь-Алтай / Gowi-Altai, ) is an aimag (province) in western Mongolia.
Gorkha Kingdom
Gorkha Kingdom (गोरखा राज्य) was a kingdom on the Indian subcontinent, present-day western Nepal.
Don McDermott
Donald "Don" Joseph McDermott (December 7, 1929 – November 2020) was an American speed skater. He was born in The Bronx, New York. He was at the 1952 Olympics in Oslo. He won a silver medalist in the 500 meters.
Évenos
Évenos is a commune of 2,423 people (2018). It is in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Var department in southeast France.
River system
A river system is sometimes called a drainage system. It is the whole natural water system in a drainage basin.
Chapter (books)
A chapter is one of the main divisions of a piece of writing of some length, such as a book. Chapters can be numbered in the case of such writings as law code (see Chapter 7 or Chapter 11) or they can be titled. For example, the first chapters of some well-known novels are titled:
River system
Water in a drainage basin usually ends up in the sea, but there are places where the water just evaporates, or flows into an inland lake. Lake Chad, for example, is an example of an endorheic lake, which has no outlet to the sea.
Chapter (books)
Many novels of great length do not have chapters. Non-fiction books, especially those used for reference, almost always have chapters for ease of navigation. In these works, chapters are often subdivided into sections. The chapters of reference works are almost always listed in a table of contents. Novels sometimes use a table of contents, but not always. In ancient civilizations, books were often in the form of papyrus scrolls, which contained about the same amount of text as a typical chapter in a modern book. This is the reason chapters in recent reproductions and translations of works of these periods are often presented as "Book 1", "Book 2", etc.
River system
Rivers are an important feature of most landscapes, acting as the principal mechanism for the transport of weathered debris away from upland areas and carrying it to lakes and seas, where much of the classic sediment is deposited. River systems can also be deposition, accumulating sediment within channels and on floodplains.
Water flow in rivers and streams is normally confined to channels, which are depressions or scours in the land surface that contain the flow. The floodplain is the land that is covered when the river is in flood. Together the channel and over bank settings comprise the "fluvial environment". There are main three types of river system. The upper course ,the lower course and middle course
Saint-Aubin-de-Terregatte
Saint-Aubin-de-Terregatte is a commune. It is in Normandy in the Manche department in northwest France.
Greentop, Missouri
Greentop is a city in Adair and Schuyler counties in the U.S. state of Missouri.
Somaliland
Somaliland (Somaliland; صوماليلاند Ṣūmālīlānd, أرض الصومال Arḍ aṣ-Ṣūmāl), officially the Republic of Somaliland (Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland, جمهورية صوماليلاند is a territory that covers the former protectorate British Somaliland. De facto, .Somaliland It is next to Djibouti to the west, the Federal Republic of Ethiopia to the south and Somalia to the east.
The area used to be the Somaliland area which was part of the British empire along with Jubaland, which was called Trans-juba. It was called the British Somaliland Coast Protectorate before 26 June 1960. called the "Somaliland Republic". In May of 1991, after a war, Somaliland regained independence.
Currently, Somaliland international organization views Somaliland as an independent country. Instead, they see Somaliland as a part of Somalia.
Somaliland has a republican government with free elections. The capital is Hargeisa. Berbera is a beautiful city on the coast. About 55% of the people of Somalilands are nomads. Most Somalis are Sunni Muslims. Some people are part of Sufi orders.
A territory in the west, called Khatumo State has been disputed between Somaliland and Puntland.
Language
Most people in Somaliland speak Somali and Arabic. Article 6 of the Constitution of 2001 says the official language of Somaliland is Somali, but Arabic is a mandatory subject in school. English is also spoken and taught in schools.
The main Somali dialect is Standard Somali. Standard Somali is spoken in most of Somalia and in countries that are next to it. Standard Somali is used by almost all of the media in the Somaliland region.
Religion
Almost all Somalilanders are Muslims. This is because Islam is the state religion, and practicing a religion other than Islam is against the law. Small amounts of non-Islamic traditions exist in Somaliland, but Islam is very important to the Somali sense of national identity.
Hans Sloane
Sir Hans Sloane, 1st Baronet, PRS (16 April, 1660 – 11 January, 1753) was an Ulster-Scot physician and collector. He donated his collection to the British nation. This collection became the beginning of the British Museum. He also created milk chocolate. Sloane Square in London is named for him.
Don McDermott
On November 2, 2020, it was announced that McDermott had died at the age of 90.
Fordsville, Kentucky
Fordsville is a city of Kentucky in the United States. It is in Ohio County. The town is named for early merchant Elisha Ford.
Road to Germany
"Road to Germany" is the 3rd episode of Family Guy's 7th season. It was first broadcast on the Fox network on October 19, 2008. The episode is about Mort Goldman in a time machine going to Warsaw, Poland in September 1939 (when Germany invaded Poland). Brian and Stewie must save Mort from danger.
Story
Mort (the Griffin family's Jewish friend) goes to the Griffin family's house and needs to use bathroom. He thinks that Stewie's time machine is a bathroom and goes inside. The time machine takes Mort somewhere in the past. Mort can not go back to the present because he does not have a return pad (a machine that will take him back to the present). Brian and Stewie get a return pad and go to the past. They learn that Mort is at Warsaw on September 1, 1939, right before Poland is invaded and World War II starts. Mort is in a synagogue with his ancestors.
Valery Bykovsky
Valery Fyodorovich Bykovsky (Вале́рий Фёдорович Быко́вский; 2 August 1934 – 27 March 2019) was a Soviet cosmonaut. He flew three manned space mission space flights: Vostok 5, Soyuz 22, and Soyuz 31. He was also backup for Vostok 3 and Soyuz 37. Bykovsky was born in Pavlovsky Posad, Soviet Union.
Road to Germany
Story
Brian and Stewie's return pad does not work. They try to take Mort to England so he is safe from Nazis. German officers find them cross a border and go after them. Brian, Stewie, and Mort get in a motorbike to get away from the officers. They steal a U-boat and make it to England. The return pad does not have uranium to work. Brian says that the only place that has uranium is in a nuclear power plant in Berlin, Nazi Germany. They join the Royal Air Force and get in a dogfight with Luftwaffe Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighters. They make it to the nuclear power plant in Berlin. Stewie makes himself look like Adolf Hitler so he can get uranium. They find the real Hitler, who wants them executed. They get the uranium needed for the return pad and makes it go to the present.
Valery Bykovsky
Bykovsky died on 27 March 2019 at the age of 84.
Road to Germany
Story
They make it in Stewie's room 30 seconds before Mort first went in the time machine. Stewie kills the Mort that was in Germany by putting him in the time machine and destroying it with a raygun. The first Mort does not make it to the bathroom quick enough.
Production
"Road to Germany" was written by Patrick Meighan. Greg Colton is the director of the episode. It is the 4th episode of the Road to ... series, episodes where Brian and Stewie go to places outside of Quahog. The episodes are a parody of the Road to ... movies with Bing Crosby and Bob Hope. "Road to Germany" and other episodes from the 7th season were put on a DVD on June 16, 2009.
Reception
About 9.07 million people watched the episode when it was first broadcast. Ahsan Haque from IGN said that the episode is "one of the best episodes of the show in years." He talks about how the animation is "gorgeous", the story being exciting, and the episode's "hilarous offensive humor". Alex Rocha from TV Guide thought that the episode was "average" when in comparison to episodes that were broadcast before it. Francis Rizzo III from DVD Talk said that the episode is "hugely memorable" and said the episode's animation is one of the best in Family Guy.
Family Guy got a nomination for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series in 2009. It was the first animated television show to be nominated for the award since The Flintstones in 1961. This episode was one of the three episode that was given for the nomination. The other two were "Family Gay" and "I Dream of Jesus". Seth MacFarlane (creator of Family Guy) said that those episodes were submitted because they were " " shows.
Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2010
Final
Each country gave votes. Half of the votes were cast by a jury, while the other half came from the public who voted via telephone and text messages. The voters decided their top ten songs using the points 12, 10, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1.
12 points
Below is a summary of all 12 points received:
About Last Night (1986 movie)
About Last Night is a 1986 American romance-comedy-drama movie. Two people begin a relationship from a one-night stand after meeting in a Chicago bar. Demi Moore plays Debbie. Rob Lowe plays Danny. Megan Mullally plays Pat.
This movie was released on July 2, 1986. It got very good reviews. A remake was released in 2014.
La Farlède
La Farlède is a commune of 9,348 people (2018). It is in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Var department in southeast France.
Stanisław Karczewski
Stanisław Karczewski (born 14 November 1955) is a Polish politician and surgeon. He has been a senator since 2005, as Deputy Marshal of the Senate between 2011 and 2015 and since 2019, and between 2015 and 2019 as Marshal of the Senate of the Republic of Poland.
Juan António Prieto Cardenas
Juan Antonio Prieto Cardenas (born March 6, 1969 in Jaén) is a track and field athlete from Spain. He has a disability: He is blind and a T12/B2 type athlete. He raced at the 1996 Summer Paralympics. He raced and finished in finished first in the 4 X 400 meter T11-T13 race and in the 100 meter T12 race. He finished second in the 200 meter T12 race. He raced at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. He finished third in the 4 X 100 meter T11-T13 race.
The-Dream
The-Dream (real name: Terius Youngdell Nash) (born September 20, 1977) is a Grammy-winning American producer and singer-songwriter. As a songwriter, he wrote the songs "Me Against the Music" (2003) by Britney Spears, "Ride" (2010) by Ciara, "Umbrella" (2007) by Rihanna, "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)" (2008) and "Partition" (2013) both by Beyoncé, "Touch My Body" (2008) by Mariah Carey and "Baby" (2010) byJustin Bieber.
Discography
The-Dream has released five studio albums and eleven singles:
Grammy Awards
The-Dream has been nominated fifteen times for the Grammy Awards. He won five of these nominations:
Fort Mitchell, Kentucky
Fort Mitchell is a city in Kenton County, Kentucky in the United States.
Gibbs, Missouri
Gibbs is a village in Adair County, Missouri, United States.
Forest Hills, Kentucky
Forest Hills is a city of Kentucky in the United States. It is in Jefferson County.
Pesticide
A pesticide is a chemical that is used to kill or prevent small animals (or organisms) which are considered to be unwanted. These organisms are called pests. Some of these pests that people do not want are insects, microbes that destroy plants, and other things that affect humans in a bad way and it may kill humans too. Many pesticides are poisonous, and are bad for not only the organisms they kill, but for humans too. A pesticide also affects the environment and the atmosphere.
The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants lists chemicals that are very hard to destroy, or very toxic. In total, twelve chemicals are listed. Nine of them can be used as pesticides.
Types of Pesticides
There are different types of pesticides for getting rid of different pests.
Roberto Boninsegna
Roberto Boninsegna (born 13 November, 1943) is a former Italian football player. He has played for Italy national team.
Pesticide
Effects of Pesticides
Pesticides are used to kill pests, but many are bad for human health. They may pollute water, and go into rivers, lakes, and ponds. This will cause acid rain, and organisms living in the water can get sick and die, because the water where they live has more acid.
Roberto Boninsegna
Club career statistics
402||167 402||167
International career statistics
!Total||22||9
Pesticide
Alternatives
In many cases, there are alternatives to the use of (chemical) pesticides. These include:
Corpora cavernosa
Corpora cavernosa are regions of biological tissue that are erectile (become hardened when they fill with blood). They are found in both men and women.
Men
The corpus cavernosum penis is found in the penis. It is found in pairs which contain most of the blood in the male penis during erection. The two corpus cavernosa, along with the corpus spongiosum are the areas of tissue along the length of the penis.
Women
The corpus cavernosum clitoridis is similar to the male corpus cavernosum. The body of the clitoris contains biological tissue that helps to create an erection. As in men, this tissue comes in a pair of corpora cavernosa. However, the female has no corpus spongiosum. Instead, there are two vestibular bulbs beneath the skin at the entrance to the vagina.
Raju Mishra
Raja Mishra (1947/1948 – 2 November 2020) was an Indian movie director, screenwriter, cinematographer and music director. He was a gold medalist in cinematography from Film and Television Institute of India, Pune.
He directed a total of 12 Odia movies. His career began in 1978. He was born in Jatani, Khordha. Mishra was known for his works in Aranya Rodan, Nirbachana and Joymoti.
Mishra died on 2 November 2020 from cardiac arrest in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, aged 72.
Millard, Missouri
Millard is a village in Adair County, Missouri, United States.
Shailendra Prasad Sah
Shailendra Prasad Sah (Nepali: शैलेन्द्र प्रसाद साह) is a Nepalese politician. He is a member of Provincial Assembly of Madhesh Province from People's Socialist Party, Nepal. Sah, a resident of Bishnupur Rural Municipality, Saptari, was elected via 2017 Nepalese provincial elections from Saptari 2(A).
About Last Night (2014 movie)
About Last Night is a 2014 American romantic comedy movie. It is a remake of the 1986 movie of the same name. It is about romantic encounters in Los Angeles. Paula Patton is in the cast.
The original movie was set in Chicago. This one is set in Los Angeles and has an all-black cast The remake was released in mid February of 2014. It was rated R. The original romance movie was also rated R.
Drug addiction
Drug addiction, also called substance dependence or dependence syndrome, is a condition where a person feels a strong need to take a drug. Addiction also involves other behaviours. These include finding it difficult to control the need to use the drug and feeling the use of the drug to be more important than more normal things such as family or work. When the person does not use the drug for an amount of time, they may suffer from withdrawal.
When a person is addicted, they are usually addicted to a class (a specific kind) of drug. For example: Heroin is a drug that is in the Opiate class. Which means that a person addicted to Heroin may also be seen to have an addiction to other opiates such as Morphine.
A person who may easily become addicted to drugs is said to have an addictive personality. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders defines drug addiction as a mental disorder. Drug addiction is often linked with other mental disorders.
Symptoms
The health effects of drug abuse are not just a concern for the individual using drugs. In the case of a woman who is abusing drugs while pregnant, the long-term health of the child can be adversely affected as well. A study from Pediatrics reports that babies born to women who abuse drugs during pregnancy may have physical, emotional, and mental health issues during childhood and even throughout their lives, including:
Aristide Cavaillé-Coll
Aristide Cavaillé-Coll (born in Montpellier, 4 February 1811; died in Paris, 13 October 1899) was a French organ-builder. He invented many new mechanical devices and his organs changed the way that composers could write for the instrument. César Franck, Alexandre Guilmant, and Charles-Marie Widor, in particular, were strongly influenced by the new type of organ that he was building.
Cavaillé-Coll grouped the stops of the organ into different families, so that the result was similar to the families of instruments in an orchestra. He made the lowest of the manuals (keyboards) the most important one. It was called the “Great” (French: “Grande Orgue”). The other manuals - there were usually two others, but sometimes three - could be “coupled” to the Great. He made changes to the English swell box, improved its operation, and divided the windchests on which the pipes were resting. This made it possible to have louder reed stops because of the higher wind pressure.
Fort Wright, Kentucky
Fort Wright is a city in Kenton County, Kentucky in the United States.
Fountain Run, Kentucky
Fountain Run is a city of Kentucky in the United States.
Discoid lupus
Discoid lupus erythematosus (also called discoid lupus or DLE) is an autoimmune skin condition. It is the most common type of lupus. It shows as painful, red areas of skin. Many times, it appears on the scalp, cheeks, or ears. A person can lose hair if they have DLE on their scalp. The red areas can scar and last for years if they are not treated.
People with DLE can get red areas by being in the sun for too long. Doctors can find the red areas and treat them. People with DLE can be given sunscreen or steroids for their skin. If this does not work, medication can be used. A common medication for DLE is hydroxychloroquine.
Emma Rigby
Emma Catherine Rigby (born 26 September 1989) is an English actress. She played Hannah Ashworth in the series Hollyoaks. She played Gemma Roscoe in Prisoners' Wives.
Emma Rigby was born in St Helens, Merseyside, England.
Arizona's 4th congressional district
Arizona's 4th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Arizona. Republican Paul Gosar is the representative.
Fort Thomas, Kentucky
History
Before Europeans lived in Fort Thomas, native american tribes lived there. Tribes like the Shawnee, Cherokee, and the Miami all lived in Fort Thomas.
Fox Chase, Kentucky
Fox Chase is a city of Kentucky in the United States.
Pathogen
A pathogen is an infectious thing, such as a virus, bacteria, fungi or parasite, which causes a disease. This ability is called pathogenicity.
The body has many ways to defend against some of the common pathogens (such as Pneumocystis) in the form of the human immune system and by some "helpful" bacteria present in the human body's normal human flora. However, if the immune system or "good" bacteria is damaged in any way (for example, chemotherapy, HIV, or antibiotics being taken to kill other pathogens), pathogenic bacteria that were being held back can grow and cause harm to the host. Such cases are opportunistic infections.
Some pathogens cause epidemics. These include the bacterium Yersinia pestis which may have caused the Black Death, the Variola virus, and the malarial protozoa. They hurt or even kill large numbers of people.
The most famous and lethal outbreak was the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic (type A influenza, H1N1 subtype), which lasted from 1918 to 1919. It is not known exactly how many it killed, but estimates range from 20 to 100 million people. This pandemic has been described as "the greatest medical holocaust in history" and may have killed as many people as the Black Death.
The huge death toll was caused by an extremely high infection rate of up to 50% and the extreme severity of the symptoms. One observer wrote, "One of the most striking of the complications was hemorrhage from mucous membranes, especially from the nose, stomach, and intestine. Bleeding from the ears and skin also occurred". The majority of deaths were from bacterial pneumonia, a secondary infection caused by influenza, but the virus also killed people directly, causing massive bleeding and oedema in the lungs.
In plants, fungi are the main cause of infectious disease.
References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kava
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Plant_disease_epidemiology&action=edit&section=2
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_pathology
Julio Requena Hernandez
Julio Requena Hernandez (born September 9, 1969 in Leon) is a track and field athlete from Spain. He has a disability: He is blind and a T11/B1 type athlete. He raced at the 1992 Summer Paralympics. He finished first in the 100 meter B1 race. He raced at the 1996 Summer Paralympics. He finished first in the 4 X 100 meter T11-T13 race, the 100 meter T11 race and the 200 meter T11 race. He raced at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. He finished third in the 4 X 100 meter T11-T13 race and the 200 meter T11 race.
Frosinone
Frosinone is a city and a comune in the Lazio region of Central Italy, the capital of the province of Frosinone. The city is about 75 km southeast of Rome.
Geography
The comune of Frosinone has an area of 46.85 km2 and its altitude is 291 m above sea level.
The comune borders with the comuni Alatri, Arnara, Ceccano, Ferentino, Patrica, Supino, Torrice, Veroli.
Frazioni
The following frazioni (hamlets) are part of the comune of Frosinoneː Capo Barile Nicolia, Cerreto, Cinque Vie, Colle Cannuccio, Farnito, Fontana Grande, Impratessa, La Cervona, Lago Maniano, Le Noci, Le Pignatelle, Le Rase, Pratillo, San Liberatore, Selva Dei Muli, Valle Contessa, Vetiche I.
Population
, there are 46,120 persons (22,004 males and 24,116 females) living in the comune, for a population density of inhabitants/km².
Twinned and partner towns
Frosinone is twinned with:
A. R. Penck
Ralf Winkler, better known by his artistic name A. R. Penck (5 October 1939 – 2 May 2017) was a German painter and sculptor. He was a leading artist in both East Germany and later West Germany in the period after World War II. He was one of the main painters of neo-expressionism.
Dancing Crazy
"Dancing Crazy" is a popular single sung by singer Miranda Cosgrove. The song is about being involved in parties and having a lovely time. Avril Lavigne was the co-writer of this song.
The music critics didn't accept "Dancing Crazy". It was, however, moderately strong in certain music charts. It was released in December 2010.
Dodge
Dodge is an American automobile, SUV and truck maker. They are based in Auburn Hills, Michigan. Dodge was created by brothers Horace and John Dodge in 1900. Dodge was sold to Chrysler in 1928. In 2010 Dodge announced it would spin-off the Ram division making it its own brand.
Convict
In past centuries many convicts were send to penal colonies. Many British convicts were sent to the Thirteen Colonies as cheap workers, but that stopped after the War of Independence. After this, convicts were transported to Australia in 1788, the very start of European settlement. They were used as cheap workers. Transportation was stopped in 1868. British convicts were also sent to Canada and India.
France also sent convicts to French Guiana and New Caledonia, and Russia sent them to Siberia.
Amazonia, Missouri
Amazonia is a village in Andrew County, Missouri, United States.
Luciano Castellini
Luciano Castellini (born 12 December, 1945) is a former Italian football player. He has played for Italy national team.
Club career statistics
463||0 463||0
International career statistics
!Total||1||0
Stickney Township, Cook County, Illinois
Stickney Township is one of 29 townships in Cook County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2010 census, its population was 40,772.
Sergio Sanchez Hernandez
Sergio Sanchez Hernandez (born May 16, 1968 in Barcelona) is a track and field athlete from Spain. He has a disability: He is blind and a T12/B2 type athlete. He raced at the 1996 Summer Paralympics. He finished first in the 4 X 400 meter T11-T13 race. He finished second in the 400 meter T12 race.
God of War (2005 video game)
God of War is a 2005 hack and slash action-adventure video game released on the PlayStation 2. It was developed by Santa Monica Studio and published by Sony Computer Entertainment.
Gameplay
Kratos can use the Blades of Chaos to attack enemies and gain abilities from Medusa's head, Zeus' Fury, Army of Hades and Poseidon's Rage.
Plot
Kratos, the Ghost of Sparta had killed his wife and daughter against his will from Ares. Kratos wanted help from the other Greek mythology gods to defeat Ares using Pandora's Box.
Suffragette
A suffragette was a woman in the early 20th century who believed they should have the right to vote (suffrage). This movement happened in the United Kingdom and United States.
Chavo Guerrero Jr.
Salvador Guerrero IV (born March 20, 1970 in El Paso, Texas) also known as Chavo Guerrero and Chavo Guerrero, Jr., is a third generation American professional wrestler and member of the famous Guerrero wrestling family. He currently wrestle for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling. He has also wrestled for World Wrestling Entertainment and World Championship Wrestling.
A Kiss in the Dark (1925 movie)
A Kiss in the Dark is a 1925 American silent comedy movie directed by Frank Tuttle and was based on the novel by Frederick Lonsdale. It stars Adolphe Menjou, Aileen Pringle, Lillian Rich, Ann Pennington, Kenneth MacKenna, Zeppo Marx and was distributed by Paramount Pictures.
God of War II
God of War II is a 2007 hack and slash video game released on the PlayStation 2 and a sequel to 2005's God of War. Many say it is better than the first game.
Gameplay
Kratos can use the Blades of Athena to attack enemies and gain abilities from the Titans.
Plot
Kratos became the new God of War and attacked the Colossus of Rhode. He was killed by Zeus and found by the Titan Gaia. He was given the chance to defeat the Sisters of Fate and go back in time to help the Titans defeat Zeus and the Gods.
Natasha Henstridge
Natasha Henstridge (born August 15, 1974) is a Canadian model turned actress. She is best known for playing the extraterrestrial-human hybrid antagonist Sil in the 1995 science-fiction horror movie, Species, which was her movie debut. She played Lisa Rayborn in the 1998 comedy movie, You Lucky Dog. She also played Dawn in the television series, The Secret Circle.
Henstridge was born in Newfoundland. She was raised in Fort McMurray, Alberta.
Rastatt
Rastatt is a town in the district of Rastatt in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It is about 22 km southwest of Karlsruhe.
Twin towns – sister cities
Rastatt is twinned with:
Leonard Fenton
Leonard Fenton (born Leonard Feinstein; 29 April 1926 – 29 January 2022) was a British actor, director and painter. He was best known for his role as Dr. Harold Legg in EastEnders.
Cosby, Missouri
Cosby is a village in Andrew County, Missouri, United States.
Hamming code
A hamming code is an error-correcting block code. The code is named after Richard Hamming who developed it in the 1950s. At the time, Hamming worked with machines that had relays and used punched cards to read the data. Because they were heavily used, the punched cards often had errors, which needed to be corrected by employees.
Hamming codes are used for digital signal processing and telecommunications. Hamming codes are generated according to certain rules. Hamming codes use multiple parity bits. A parity bit tells whether a group of bits is even or odd. In a hamming code, each bit of data is covered by several parity bits. This allows to detect errors, and in certain cases, to correct them as well. A hamming code uses redundancy. If there are three parity bits per code word, the code word must have a length of 7 (2^k - 1, for k as the number of parity bits). This leaves 4 bits of user data per code word, in the example. Usually, this is written as (N,n), where the first number is the total length of a code word, and the second is the number of bits for user data. The example above is (7,4).
Violaceae
Violaceae (alternatively Alsodeiaceae, Leoniaceae and Retrosepalaceae) is a family of flowering plants consisting of about 800 species in 21 genera. It takes its name from the genus Viola, the violets and pansies.
Hamming code
The shortest possible Hamming code is (3,1), 2 parity bits are used for one data bit. This code has two valid values 000 and 111 - The codes 001, 010 and 100 are transmission errors, and will be assigned to the valid code word 000. The other possibilities 011, 101 and 110 will be changed to 111.
God of War III
God of War III is a 2010 hack and slash video game released on the PlayStation 3 and a sequel to 2007's God of War II.
Gameplay
Kratos can use the Blades of Athena to attack enemies and gain abilities from picked up items and red orbs.
Plot
Kratos and the Titans climbed up to Mount Olympus to stop his father, Zeus. The Titans eventually betrayed Kratos.
Narendra Kumar (mountaineer)
Narendra "Bull" Kumar, PVSM, KC, AVSM, (also spelled Narinder; (8 December 1933 – 31 December 2020) was an Indian soldier-mountaineer.  He was deputy leader of the first Indian successful Everest Expedition in 1965.
In 1965, Narendra was awarded Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award in India, and Arjuna Award for the first Indian successful Everest Expedition in 1965.
Music for a New Society
Music for a New Society is the eighth studio album by multi-instrumentalist John Cale. It was released in October 1982. It was his first full-length album on ZE Records label. It was produced by Cale himself.
Sponde (moon)
Sponde or Jupiter XXXVI, is a moon of Jupiter. It was found by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard in 2001, and given the designation S/2001 J 5.
It was named in August 2003 after one of the Horae (Hours), which presided over the seventh hour (libations poured after lunch). The Hours, goddesses of the time of day but also of the seasons, were daughters of Zeus (Jupiter) and Themis.
Sigmatropic reaction
A sigmatropic reaction in organic chemistry is a pericyclic reaction. A sigmatropic reaction does not use a catalyst and involves a single molecule (an uncatalyzed intramolecular process). It changes one σ-bond into a different σ-bond. The name sigmatropic is the result of a compounding of the long-established "sigma" name for single carbon-carbon bonds and the Greek word tropos, meaning turn. This is a rearrangement reaction which means that the bonds in a molecule shift between atoms without any atoms leaving or new atoms added to the molecule. In a sigmatropic reaction, a substituent moves from one part of a π-bonded system to another part in an intramolecular reaction with simultaneous rearrangement of the π system. True sigmatropic reactions usually do not need a catalyst. Some sigmatropic reactions are catalyzed by a Lewis acid. Sigmatropic reactions often have transition-metal catalysts that form intermediates in analogous reactions. The most well-known of the sigmatropic rearrangements are the [3,3] Cope rearrangement, Claisen rearrangement, Carroll rearrangement and the Fischer indole synthesis.
Country Club, Missouri
Country Club is a village in Andrew County, Missouri, United States.
Sigmatropic reaction
Woodward-Hoffman Sigmatropic Shift Nomenclature
A special notation is used to describe sigmatropic shifts. Each of the carbon atoms on the backbone of the molecule are assigned a position number. Sigmatropic rearrangements are described by an order term [i,j]. This means the migration of a σ-bond adjacent to one or more π systems to a new position (i-1) and (j-1) atoms removed from the original location of the σ-bond. When the sum of i and j is an even number, this is an indication of the involvement of a neutral, all C atom chain. An odd number suggests that there is a charged C atom or of a heteroatom lone pair replacing a carbon-carbon double bond. Thus, [1,5] and [3,3] shifts become [1,4] and [2,3] shifts with heteroatoms, while preserving symmetry considerations. Hydrogens are omitted in the third example for clarity.
Sigmund Jähn
Jähn was married and had two children. He lived in Strausberg in the later part of his life. He died on 21 September 2019 at the age of 82.
Sigmatropic reaction
Woodward-Hoffman Sigmatropic Shift Nomenclature
Here is a way to find the order of a given sigmatropic rearrangement. The first step is to give numbers to each atom starting with the atoms of the bond being broken as atom 1. Chemists count the atoms in each direction from the broken bond to the atoms that form the new σ-bond in the product. The numbers that correspond to the atoms forming the new bond are then separated by a comma and placed within brackets. This creates the sigmatropic reaction order descriptor.
Shah Aqeeq Baba
Syed Asghar Ali Shah Bukhari (c. 1432 – c. 1451) (known as Shah Yaqeeq/Aqeeq Baba) was a Suhrawardi Sufi.He lived in Sindh, Pakistan.
Life
Shah Aqeeq lived from about 1432 to 1451. He is celebrated as a Suhrawardi Sufi Saint. Shah Aqeeq lived in Uch, Punjab till the age of 7 but after his father Syed Muhammad Sharifuddin Ibn Abdullah Bhukari's death he and their brothers migrated to Sindh. In Sindh Shah Aqeeq met with Mian Usaman Shah. Severals years later he became the successor of Mian Usman Shah.
Sigmatropic reaction
Woodward-Hoffman Sigmatropic Shift Nomenclature
Chemists also count atoms when naming a sigmatropic shift where a hydrogen atom moves. The carbon chain does not break in a hydrogen atom migration. So, chemists count across all atoms involved in the reaction rather than only across the closest atoms. For example, the following hydrogen atom migration is of order [1,5], attained by counting counterclockwise through the π system, rather than the [1,3] order through the ring CH2 group that would mistakenly result if counted clockwise.
Shah Aqeeq Baba
Urs (annual death anniversary)
The urs (عرس) is celebrated every year in the month of the Jumada al-awwal. The Urs (عرس) or anniversary of his death is celebrated in the town of Shah Aqeeq, in Chuhar Jamali in Sujawal District, and there is a shrine to Shah Aqeeq where he is venerated as a "spiritual surgeon" and many visitors believe they are cured of disease. (In 1986, a biography was written about him by Habibu Sindhi and published by the Anjuman-i-Ghulaman-i-Mustafa).
Spiritual surgeon
Shah Aqeeq Baba is considered to be a spiritual surgeon in 'Sindh', Pakistan. People having diseases like cancer, heart / lungs / liver / brain diseases or any other diseases (even if doctors have denied) from all over the country even from outside the country come here for treatments. The treatment is followed by annunciations.Following the annunciations is considered as important and necessary.
Sigmatropic reaction
Suprafacial and Antarafacial Shifts
In cases of stereochemical retention, the migrating group translates without rotation into the bonding position. In the case of stereochemical inversion the migrating group both rotates and translates to reach its bonded conformation.
There is another way that a sigmatropic reaction can produce products with different sterochemistry. The migrating group can stay on the original face of the π system after rebonding. Or, it can go to the opposite face of the π system. If the migrating group remains on the same face of the π system, the shift is known as suprafacial. If the migrating group transfers to the opposite face is called an antarafacial shift. Transformations that occur within small- or medium-sized rings cannot make antarafacial shifts.
Thermal Hydride Shifts
In a thermal [1,3] hydride shift, a hydride moves three atoms. The Woodward-Hoffmann rules dictate that it would proceed in an antarafacial shift. Although such a shift is symmetry allowed, the Mobius topology required in the transition state prohibits such a shift. It is geometrically impossible. This is why enols do not isomerize without an acid or base catalyst.
[1,5] Shifts
A [1,5] shift involves the shift of 1 substituent (-H, -R or -Ar) down 5 atoms of a π system. Hydrogen has been shown to shift in both cyclic and open chain systems at temperatures at or above 200 ˚C. These reactions are predicted to proceed suprafacially, by a Huckel-topology transition state.
Photoirradiation would require an antarafacial shift of hydrogen. Although such reactions are rare, there are examples where antarafacial shifts are favored:
In contrast to hydrogen [1,5] shifts, there have never been any observed [1,5] alky shifts in an open-chain system. Chemists have determined rate preferences for [1,5] alkyl shifts in cyclic systems: carbonyl and carboxyl> hydride> phenyl and vinyl>> alkyl.
Count von Count
Count von Count (known simply as the Count) is a mysterious but friendly vampire Muppet on the long-running PBS/HBO children's television showSesame Street who is meant to parody Bela Lugosi's portrayal of Count Dracula. He first appeared on the show in the Season 4 premiere in 1972, counting blocks in a sketch with Bert and Ernie.
Sigmatropic reaction
[1,5] Shifts
Alkyl groups undergo [1,5] shifts very poorly and usually require high temperatures. However, for cyclohexadienes, the temperature for alkyl shifts is not much higher than that for carbonyls, the best migratory group. A study showed that this is because alkyl shifts on cyclohexadienes proceed through a different mechanism. First the ring opens, followed by a [1,7] shift, and then the ring reforms electrocyclically:
This same mechanistic process is seen below, without the final electrocyclic ring-closing reaction, in the interconversion of lumisterol to vitamin D2.
[1,7] Shifts
[1,7] sigmatropic shifts are predicted by the Woodward-Hoffmann rules to proceed in an antarafacial fashion, by a Mobius topology transition state. An antarafacial [1,7] shift is observed in the conversion of lumisterol to vitamin D2, where following an electrocyclic ring opening to previtamin D2, a methyl hydrogen shifts.
Bicyclic nonatrienes also undergo [1,7] shifts in a so called walk rearrangement, which is the shift of divalent group, as part of a three-membered ring, in a bicyclic molecule.
[3,3] Shifts
[3,3] sigmatropic shifts are well studied sigmatropic rearrangements. The Woodward-Hoffman rules predict that these six electron reactions would proceed suprafacially, using a Huckel topology transition state.
Arp Schnitger
Arp Schnitger (born 2 July 1648; buried 28 July 1719) was a very important German builder of pipe organs. He mostly worked in Northern Europe, especially the Netherlands and Germany, where a number of his instruments survive to the present day. His organs are different from those of Gottfried Silbermann who worked in south Germany. Arp Schnitger had great influence on later organ builders, in particular in the 20th century when people wanted a change from the Romantic 19th century organs and tried to make instruments that sounded like they had done in the Baroque period.
Sigmatropic reaction
Claisen Rearrangement
Discovered in 1912 by Rainer Ludwig Claisen, the Claisen rearrangement is the first recorded example of a [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement. This rearrangement is a useful carbon-carbon bond-forming reaction. An example of Claisen rearrangement is the [3,3] rearrangement of an allyl vinyl ether, which upon heating yields a γ,δ-unsaturated carbonyl. The formation of a carbonyl group makes this reaction, unlike other sigmatropic rearrangements, inherently irreversible.
Mexico City
Mexico City (Ciudad de México; abbreviated CDMX) is the capital and largest city of Mexico. It is the most populous city in the Western Hemisphere and the second most populous city in the world (after Tokyo). It is also one of the polluted cities in the world. The Aztec people were here before the Spanish came and founded Mexico City. It was refounded in 1521 by Hernán Cortés. Today, about 8.5 million people live in the city, and about 18 million live in the Greater Mexico City urban area. The city of Mexico City ceased to exist in 1928. Since then, there is only the Federal District.
Sigmatropic reaction
Aromatic Claisen rearrangement
The ortho-Claisen rearrangement involves the [3,3] shift of an allyl phenyl ether to an intermediate which quickly tautomerizes to an ortho-substituted phenol.
Mexico City
Mexico City has 18.1 million people. It is the city with the second highest number of people in the world after Tokyo in Japan and just slightly more populated than Mumbai in India.
Sigmatropic reaction
Aromatic Claisen rearrangement
When both the ortho positions on the benzene ring are blocked, a second ortho-Claisen rearrangement will occur. This para-Claisen rearrangement ends with the tautomerization to a tri-substituted phenol.
Cope Rearrangement
The Cope rearrangement is an extensively studied organic reaction involving the [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement of 1,5-dienes. It was developed by Arthur C. Cope. For example 3,4-dimethyl-1,5-hexadiene heated to 300 °C yields 2,6-octadiene.
Mexico City
History
Mexico City was first built in the 1520s after Hernán Cortés destroyed the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan. The Spaniards then emptied the basin of Lake Texcoco to keep it from flooding. By the late 1700s, Mexico City had over 100,000 people. However, there were many slums, which caused epidemics. There were political problems in the mid-1800s after Mexico became independent. More than 40 people ruled in the 40 years after the country became independent. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, electric light and gas were brought to the city. But there was a big difference between the rich western part of the city and the poor eastern part of the city. By 1930, Mexico City had 1,000,000 people. The city kept growing quickly. In 1968, the Olympic Games were in Mexico City. In 1985, an earthquake hit the capital. In the past few decades, there have been problems with crime and corruption.
Sigmatropic reaction
Oxy-Cope rearrangement
The Oxy-Cope rearrangement a hydroxyl group is added at C3 forming an enal or enone after Keto-enol tautomerism of the intermediate enol:
Mexico City
Environment
Mexico City has a high population density. It is also surrounded by mountains. This causes problems with air pollution.
Sigmatropic reaction
Carroll Rearrangement
The Carroll rearrangement is a rearrangement reaction in organic chemistry and involves the transformation of a β-keto allyl ester into a α-allyl-β-ketocarboxylic acid. This organic reaction can be followed by decarboxylation and the final product is a γ,δ-allylketone. The Carroll rearrangement is an adaptation of the Claisen rearrangement and effectively a decarboxylative allylation.
Fischer Indole Synthesis
The Fischer indole synthesis is a chemical reaction that produces the aromatic heterocycle indole from a (substituted) phenylhydrazine and an aldehyde or ketone under acidic conditions. The reaction was discovered in 1883 by Hermann Emil Fischer.
Mexico City
Geography
Mexico City is in the Valley of Mexico at around 2,300 meters (7,800 feet) above sea level.
Mexico City its divided by 16 boroughs: Álvaro Obregón, Azcapotzalco, Benito Juarez, Coyoacán, Cuajimalpa, Cuauhtémoc, Gustavo A. Madero, Iztacalco, Iztapalapa, Magdalena Contreras, Miguel Hidalgo, Milpa Alta, Tláhuac, Tlalpan, Venustiano Carranza and Xochimilco.
Sigmatropic reaction
Fischer Indole Synthesis
The choice of acid catalyst is very important. Successful acid catalysts include: Bronsted acids such as HCl, H2SO4, polyphosphoric acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid. Lewis acids such as boron trifluoride, zinc chloride, iron chloride, and aluminium chloride are also useful catalysts.
Mexico City
Geography
Mexico City was originally built on a lake, Lake Texcoco, which is now mostly drained. The ecology of the area has been much changed by the draining. Many of its native species, such as the Axolotl, are extinct, or endangered.
Sigmatropic reaction
Fischer Indole Synthesis
Several reviews have been published.
[5,5] Shifts
Similar to [3,3] shifts, the Woodward-Hoffman rules predict that [5,5] sigmatropic shifts would proceed suprafacially, Huckel topology transition state. These reactions are rarer than [3,3] sigmatropic shifts, but this is mainly a function of the fact that molecules that can undergo [5,5] shifts are rarer than molecules that can undergo [3,3] shifts.
Mexico City
Climate
Mexico City is in the tropics. But because its elevation is so high, it has a subtropical highland climate (Cwb in the Köppen climate classification). This means temperatures are warm or mild year-round. It is a lot wetter in the summer than in the winter. Some parts of the city get frost in the winter.
Sigmatropic reaction
Walk Rearrangements
The migration of a divalent group, such as O, S, NR or CR2, which is part of a three-membered ring in a bicyclic molecule, is commonly referred to as a walk rearrangement. This can be formally characterized according to the Woodward-Hofmann rules as being a (1, n) sigmatropic shift. An example of such a rearrangement is the shift of substituents on tropilidenes (1,3,5-cycloheptatrienes). When heated, the pi-system goes through an electrocyclic ring closing to form bicycle[4,1,0]heptadiene (norcaradiene). Thereafter follows a [1,5] alkyl shift and an electrocyclic ring opening.
Zett Jukassa
Zett Jukassa was a young Jedi who lived on the planet Coruscant with the rest of the Jedi Order. Zett is in Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones. He is killed in Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith. He was fighting bravelyagainst Clone troopers.
Sigmatropic reaction
Walk Rearrangements
Proceeding through a [1,5] shift, the walk rearrangement of norcaradienes is expected to proceed suprafacially with a retention of stereochemistry. Experimental observations, however, show that the 1,5-shifts of norcaradienes proceed antarafacially. Theoretical calculations found the [1,5] shift to be a diradical process, but without involving any diradical minima on the potential energy surface.
Zett Jukassa
Behind the scenes
Zett Jukassa is played by Star Wars creator George Lucas's son, Jett Lucas.
Rosita (Sesame Street)
Rosita is a Muppet character on the children's television series Sesame Street. Fluent in both American English and Mexican Spanish, she is the first regular bilingual Muppet on the show. Rosita comes from Mexico and likes to play the guitar.
History
Rosita was introduced to the series in 1991.