cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Nuclear energy policy
Germany
In November 2008, a shipment of radioactive waste from German nuclear plants arrived at a storage site near Gorleben after being delayed by large protests from nuclear activists. More than 15,000 people took part in the protests which involved blocking trucks with sit-down demonstrations and blocking the route with tractors. The demonstrations were partly a response to conservative calls for a rethink of the planned phaseout of nuclear power stations.
Republic of Texas
The Republic of Texas ended on December 29, 1845, when Texas became the 28th state of the United States of America.
Nuclear energy policy
Japan
Japan has 55 reactors of total capacity 47,577 MWe (49,580 MWe gross) on line, with 2 reactors (2,285 MWe) under construction and 12 reactors (16,045 MWe) planned. Nuclear energy accounts for about 30% of Japan's total electricity production, from 47.5 GWe of capacity (net). There are plans to increase this to 37% in 2009 and 41% in 2014.
On 16 July 2007 a severe earthquake hit the region where Tokyo Electric's Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant is located. The plant with seven units is the largest single nuclear power station in the world. All of the reactors were shut down and are expected to remain closed for damage verification and repairs for at least one year.
During the Fukushima nuclear disaster there was a failure of cooling systems at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Japan on March 11, 2011, and a nuclear emergency was declared. This was the first time a nuclear emergency had been declared in Japan, and 140,000 residents within 20 km of the plant were moved out. Explosions and a fire resulted in dangerous levels of radiation, resulting in a stock market collapse and panic-buying in supermarkets.
United States
Shippingport power plant was the first commercial nuclear power plant built in the United States in 1958. After the growth of nuclear power in the 1960s, the Atomic Energy Commission anticipated that more than 1,000 reactors would be operating in the United States by 2000. But by the end of the 1970s, it became clear that nuclear power would not grow nearly so dramatically, and more than 120 reactor orders were ultimately cancelled.
As of 2007 in the United States, there are 104 (69 pressurized water reactors and 35 boiling water reactors) commercial nuclear generating units licensed to operate, producing a total of 97,400 megawatts (electric), which is approximately 20% of the nation's total electric energy consumption. The United States is the world's largest supplier of commercial nuclear power.
The Three Mile Island accident has been the most serious accident experienced by the U.S. nuclear industry. Other accidents include those at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Plant, which has been the source of two of the top five most dangerous nuclear incidents in the United States since 1979, according to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
Several US nuclear power plants closed well before their design lifetimes, including Rancho Seco in 1989 in California, San Onofre Unit 1 in 1992 in California (units 2 and 3 are still operating), Zion Nuclear Power Station in 1998 in Illinois and Trojan Nuclear Power Plant in 1992 in Oregon. Humboldt Bay Nuclear Power Plant in California closed in 1976, 13 years after geologists discovered it was built on a fault (the Little Salmon Fault). Shoreham Nuclear Power Plant never operated commercially as an authorized Emergency Evacuation Plan could not be agreed on due to the political climate after the Three Mile Island and Chernobyl accidents.
Many plants have recently received 20-year extensions to their licensed lifetimes.
The Giver (movie)
The Giver is a science fiction movie that will be released August 2014. It is about the sacrifices of humanity. This movie was based on the book of the same name.
Sauveterre-de-Béarn
Sauveterre-de-Béarn is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
This Is What You Came For
"This Is What You Came For" is a song written and produced by Scottish DJ Calvin Harris. It features Rihanna. The song was released on May 1, 2016, via digital outlets. The song has reached number one in Canada and Australia, number two in the United Kingdom, and the top five in the United States. In the U.S., "This Is What You Came For" entered the Billboard Hot 100 chart at number nine. It later reached number three there and was certified triple-Platinum by the RIAA. The song is Rihanna's 28th top-ten song in the U.S. The song reached number 17 on the year-end Hot 100 of 2016 in the US.
Harris' ex-girlfriend, American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift, co-wrote the song under the name Nils Sjöberg. BMI, which publishes a list of songwriting credits, changed the name to Swift's real name.
Music video
The music video for the song was released at midnight (Eastern daylight time) on June 17, 2016. It shows Rihanna wearing a black ponytail and a large gray sweater. She dances inside of a white cube with changing backgrounds. The scenes of fields are similar to those that are in the music video for "We Found Love", which is also a collaboration between Rihanna and Harris. Some critics viewed the changing colors and cube background to be similar to the music video for Canadian rapper Drake's 2015 single "Hotline Bling".
The music video won the award for Best Male Video at the 2016 MTV Video Music Awards on August 28, 2016.
Grosshöchstetten
Grosshöchstetten is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2018, the former municipality of Schlosswil merged into the municipality of Grosshöchstetten.
Ranger Uranium Mine
Ranger Uranium Mine is a large uranium deposit in the Kakadu National Park. The uranium is legally owned by the Australian Government, and is sold internationally. This mining, and the presence of uranium in Kakadu have come under controversy, due to the widespread publicity regarding the potential danger of nuclear power and uranium mining.
Kakadu is on the World Heritage List, both for its cultural and natural value, a rare feat because few sites are featured for both reasons.
Note-taking
Note-taking (or note taking) is recording information taken from another source. By taking notes, the writer records the information, so they don't have to recall everything. It is an important skill for students.
Notes are usually taken from a transient (temporary) source, such as an oral discussion at a meeting, or a lecture or even a passing thought. in these cases the notes may be the only record of the event. Notes of a meeting are usually called minutes.
Note taking is a form of self discipline.
There are many ways to take notes. Charting notes are used on topics with many different categories. Cornell notes are dvided into 3 sections: the keyword (important)/question section, the note section, and the summary on the bottom. Guided notes have the note taker fill-in-the-blanks.
Tetraoxygen
Tetraoxygen (O4), or oxozone, is a molecule made up of four oxygen atoms. It does not exist in nature anywhere and can only be made under extreme conditions in a lab. The molecule was first created in a lab in 2001.
State Street (Chicago)
State Street is a major thoroughfare in the city of Chicago. It represents 0 East/West in the city, as it is believed to be the original location of how far inland Lake Michigan went in downtown Chicago before the Great Chicago Fire happened. Unlike other North-South thoroughfares, State Street is named a street instead of an avenue to help people remember that it is 0 East/West in Chicago.
0 North/South in Chicago is Madison Street, which has included such buildings as the former Chicago Stadium and currently the United Center, both nicknamed the "Madhouse on Madison".
Bakau LRT Station
Bakau LRT Station is a light rail transit station in Sengkang, Singapore. It is part of the Sengkang LRT Line. It is on the east loop. It opened on 18 January 2003.
Name
A type of wood called bakau were used in buildings in the past. It suggests a strong foundation of the station.
Other websites
https://www.sbstransit.com.sg
Interstate 26
Interstate 26 is an Interstate Highway in the United States. It goes from Kingsport, Tennessee southeast to Charleston, South Carolina. The route is 349 mi long.
Kangkar LRT Station
Kangkar LRT Station is an LRT station in Sengkang, Singapore. It is part of the Sengkang LRT Line. It is on the east loop. It opened on 18 January 2003.
Name
The station is on the place where there was a fishery. Older residents remember the place.
Timeline
18 November 2003 - The station opens.
Other websites
https://www.sbstransit.com.sg
Yolanda Denise King
Yolanda Denise King (November 17, 1955 – May 15, 2007) was the first daughter of Martin Luther King, Jr.. She was also the sister of Martin Luther King III, Dexter Scott King and Bernice Albertine King.
Yolanda's father was killed when she was only 12 years old. On April 4, 1968, the day that he was killed, her mother got a phone call from Jesse Jackson. Yolanda was the only one of her four brothers and sisters to realize that their father had been killed. She went to his funeral and tried to act like her mother after that. She graduated from her high school when she was 16 years old.
She got bullied when she went to Smith College because she was her father's daughter, and did not know how to deal with the issue. She got over the bullying by reading his books and started thinking he was correct on his views when he was alive. After finishing her first year at the college, she went back home and at that point her grandmother Alberta Williams King was shot and killed.
She died on May 15, 2007 after talking to her brother Dexter and falling in his home due to a heart disease.
La Montagne, Loire-Atlantique
La Montagne is a commune. It is in the Pays de la Loire region in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France.
Five Nights at Freddy's (series)
Five Nights at Freddy's is an American horror multimedia franchise created by Scott Cawthon, which began with the eponymous 2014 video game.
The original game (Five Nights at Freddy's), was followed by the sequels Five Nights at Freddy's 2 (2014), Five Nights at Freddy's 3 (2015), Five Nights at Freddy's 4 (2015), Sister Location (2016), Freddy Fazbear's Pizzeria Simulator (2017), Ultimate Custom Night (2018), Help Wanted (2019), and Security Breach (2021)
The franchise has been expanded into four spin-off series, Five Nights at Candy's, One Night at Flumpty's, The Joy of Creation, Popgoes; Into Madness, an upcoming AAA game; Five Nights at Freddy's Plus, an upcoming remake of the first game; Special Delivery, a mobile game; novels, comic books, short films, a television series; Freddy & Friends: On Tour!, and an upcoming film of the same name, comprising an all-encompassing fictional universe. The franchise maintains an active fanbase, known for its production of fan art and fangames, and merchandise for the games is available internationally. A horror attraction based on the franchise was featured in The Fright Dome for Halloween in 2016, and it also appeared in Guinness World Records 2017: Gamer's Edition, where it set a record for the largest amount of sequels released in a year.
Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom
Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom are part of the National Health Service (NHS) systems. They are run by local ambulance services, known in England and Wales as trusts. Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have one ambulance service each; the Scottish Ambulance Service (a Special Health Board), the Welsh Ambulance Service, and the Northern Ireland Ambulance Service. England is divided into ten regional ambulance services.
Job of the Ambulance Services
NHS ambulance services must by law answer four types of requests for care, which are:
The ambulance services have getting more and more busy. There has been a big increase in the number calls in the last two decades, as shown in the table below:
The ambulance service's work has also been getting more complicated. In the past, the main job of an ambulance was to take people to hospital. This led to ambulance services being nicknamed the "Big White Taxi Service". Nowadays, ambulance staff do far more treatment with the patient. It is now common for patients to be left at home after being treated.
A similar service is NHS 111. This is a phone number for non-emergency medical advice. Many ambulance services employ the staff who answer 111 calls. In some cases, an ambulance may be sent to a 111 call if it is found to be more serious than expected.
Ambulance trusts may also carry out non-urgent patient transport services. This is done through a business agreement with local healthcare organisations. This service is free for patients to use. In some place private companies do this job instead, but it can be a big source of money for the trusts.
Ambulance services
Before 1974 local councils would run the ambulance service. In 1974, they were merged into larger agencies that covered one or more counties. On 1 July 2006 the number of ambulance trusts fell from 29 to 13 and they were replaced by regional services.
England
Each of the 9 government regions of England are covered by a single NHS ambulance trust, with the exception of the South East region. This region is split between the South Central and South East Coast ambulance trusts, while the Isle of Wight has a special arrangement in which local hospitals provide the ambulance service.
Scotland
The Scottish Ambulance Service is a Special Health Board funded directly by the Health Department of the Scottish Government. In 2006 the service answered over 520,000 emergency calls.
Scotland also has Britain's only government-funded Air Ambulance service. It has two Eurocopter EC 135 helicopters (based in Glasgow & Inverness) and two Beechcraft B200C King Air planes (based at Glasgow & Aberdeen).
Northern Ireland
The Northern Ireland Ambulance Service (NIAS) is the ambulance service that serves the whole of Northern Ireland, and was set up in 1995.
As with other ambulance services in the United Kingdom, it does not charge its patients directly for its services, but is funded through tax.
NIAS has over 270 ambulances and over 1,000 staff, based across 32 stations & sub-stations, 4 Control Centres and a Regional Training Centre.
Wales
Its headquarters are at the HM Stanley Hospital, St Asaph, Denbighshire and it is divided into three regions:
Private Ambulance Services
The most common use for private ambulances is for non-urgent patient transport. Many trusts and hospitals have chosen to use a private company for these tasks. NHS ambulance services may also pay the private ambulances to answer some of their 999 calls.
All ambulance companies and the NHS Ambulance trusts must follow the same laws, so a private ambulance must have the same equipment and same type of staff working in it.
Voluntary Ambulance Services
The main activity of the organisations apart from training and education, is providing ambulance cover at events, as an extension of their first aid contract.
Sedze-Maubecq
Sedze-Maubecq is a commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département in the southwestern part of France.
Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom
Voluntary Ambulance Services
They may also treat and transport certain categories of patient to hospital, although for more serious incidents, such as cardiac arrest it is likely that they would call on the ambulance service. This is arranged through agreements with the local ambulance service.
Both organisations have also provided cover for the public when NHS ambulance trust staff have held strikes or walk outs.
Melissa & Joey
Melissa & Joey is an ABC Family television series. It stars Melissa Joan Hart and Joey Lawrence. It first aired on ABC Family on August 17, 2010. The show follows local politician Mel Burke (Melissa Joan Hart) and Joe Longo (Joey Lawrence). Mel hires him to take care of her niece and nephew after a Ponzi scheme leaves him broke.
The show has been renewed by ABC Family for a second season of fifteen episodes. They began airing on May 30, 2012. The show is ranked number one on Cable TV's telecast at 8 o'clock for people ages 18–34, 18-49 and 12-34. On August 17, 2012, ABC Family renewed the show for a third season. It premiered in Spring 2013. The fourth series begins in October 2014.
On May 24, 2011, ''Shout! Factory released Melissa & Joey: Season One, Part One'' on DVD in Region 1. It includes special features and a sneak peek of the rest of season one episodes, bloopers and interviews with the cast. On October 4, 2011, ''Shout! Factory released Melissa & Joey: Season One, Part Two'' on DVD in Region 1. It included the rest of the episodes of the first season in a 2-disc set.
Super Bowl
The Super Bowl is a special American football game played every year to decide the winner of that National Football League (NFL) season. The best team from the National Football Conference plays the best team from the American Football Conference to win the Vince Lombardi Trophy, which was named after the first coach to win a Super Bowl. For most American football fans, it is a very special event.
Some people who do not like American football still watch it for the television advertisements and the half-time show. The TV advertisements during Super Bowl are the most expensive in the world in per second value. Because of the high cost of advertising, companies usually produce unique advertisements. As a result, watching advertisements has been a well publicized event in itself.
Melissa & Joey
What is the show about?
Mel Burke (Melissa Joan Hart) lives in Toledo, Ohio. She is a politician there. Her sister and brother-in-law ran a Ponzi scheme. The sister is in prison and the brother-in-law is on the run. This leaves her niece Lennox and her nephew Ryder without their parents to take care of them. Mel takes them into her home. However, Joe Longo (Joey Lawrence) used to work for Mel's brother-in-law and lost everything he had including his car, money, house and his wife who left him. He tries to find a job. Mel finds it hard to handle her own life including parenting her niece and nephew. She hires Joe to become the family's new male nanny, or "manny".
Super Bowl
The Pittsburgh Steelers and New England Patriots are the teams with the most Super Bowl Wins with six victories each. The San Francisco 49ers and Dallas Cowboys currently are tied for the second-most Super Bowl wins with five. The Cleveland Browns, Detroit Lions, Houston Texans, and the Jacksonville Jaguars have never played in a Super Bowl. The New York Jets have not played in the Super Bowl since the American Football League (AFL) and the NFL joined together in 1970.
Joyce Brothers
Joyce Brothers (October 20, 1927 – May 13, 2013) was an American television personality and actress. She has been on many TV programs. These include The Nanny, Melrose Place and Frasier. She is also a newspaper columnist. Many date of birth related sources say 1927 is her birth year while others claim 1928 or 1929 was her birth year. Brothers died on May 13, 2013 in Fort Lee, New Jersey from respiratory failure, aged 85.
Hann. Münden
'''Hann. Münden (short for Hannoversch Münden''') is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany. Münden is in the district of Göttingen. It is near the Fulda and Werra rivers. About 24,000 people lived here in 2013.
Voiceless palatal implosive
The voiceless palatal implosive is a sound used in some spoken languages. It is not in English.
We Will Rock You
"We Will Rock You" is a song by the band Queen. It is one of their most famous songs. It is used at a lot of sports events. The main song has the band stamping their feet twice, and clapping once. At the end, a short guitar part is played.
Musicians:
Ranggung LRT Station
Ranggung LRT Station is an LRT station in Sengkang, Singapore. It is part of the Sengkang LRT Line. It is on the east loop. It opened on 18 January 2003.
Name
Ranggungs are storks that live on the Punggol coast.
Timeline
18 January 2003 - The station opened.
Meroë
Meroë (Meroitic: Medewi or Bedewi) is the name of an ancient city. What remains of the city is on the east bank of the Nile about 6 km north-east of the Kabushiya station near Shendi, Sudan. It lies about 200 km north-east of Khartoum. There are a few villages nearby. They are called Bagrawiyah.
Meroë was the capital of the Kingdom of Kush for several centuries. The Kushitic Kingdom of Meroë gave its name to the "Island of Meroë", which was the modern region of Butana, a region bounded by the Nile (from the Atbarah River to Khartoum), the Atbarah, Ethiopia, and the Blue Nile. The city of Meroë was on the edge of Butana and there were two other Meroitic cities in Butana, Musawwarat es-Sufra and Naqa.
The site of the city of Meroë is marked by over two hundred pyramids in three groups. Of many of these pyramids, there are only ruins left.
In June 2011, the archaeological site of Meroë was listed by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites.
Pole position
Pole position is when a racing driver starts first on the grid in a race. Before a race, all the drivers see who goes around the fastest. The person who has the fastest time starts at the front, in pole position, and then so on according to their times. Pole position is the best place to start.
Diamond Skulls
Diamond Skulls (also called Dark Obsession) is a 1989 British thriller drama movie. This movie was directed by Nick Broomfield. Broomfield also co-wrote the movie. Diamond Skulls includes the last performance by Ian Carmichael.
Plot
One night, after a social gathering with members of his British Army group, Hugo and his friends go out for a drive. He accidentally runs over a woman, who dies at the scene. All except one of his friends urge Hugo to drive on. In his drunk state of mind, Hugo had imagined himself running over Ginny.
Over the next few days, a psychological war takes place. Peter, who is Hugo's business associate, wants to use the cover-up to get power over the estate. A man named Jamie is dating Hugo's sister. He wants to go to police and report the incident. But Hugo's family closes ranks as Ginny and the rest side with Hugo. He fears his arrest and being sent to prison will hurt the family's reputation. When the police investigation closes in on Hugo, the power struggle leads to deadly consequences.
At the end, Peter and Hugo murder Jamie and arrange to make it look like a suicide. They wish to make it look like it had been Jamie driving the car who killed the woman. They throw Jamie's dead body off a seaside cliff. The police believe the story and close the case.
Rating
Diamond Skulls is rated NC-17 by the Motion Picture Association of America.
Reception
The movie was given two thumbs up by Roger Ebert and Gene Siskel. Other critics' reviews were mixed. The Los Angeles Times gave a positive review to the movie.
Viva Bianca
Viva Bianca (or Viva Skubiszewski; 17 November 1983) is an Australian actress. She stars on the television show Spartacus. She was also on other shows.
Her maiden name is pronounced scooby-shev-ski. She is from Victoria.
Voiceless velar implosive
The voiceless velar implosive is a sound used in some spoken languages. It is not in English.
Rod Laver
References
Notes
Serena
Serena is a drama movie that will be released in April 2014. The story is about a wife that cannot have children. Jennifer Lawrence plays Serena, Bradley Cooper plays her husband George. The movie is based on the novel Serena (2008) by Ron Rash.
Piotrków Trybunalski
Piotrków Trybunalski is a city in Łódź Voivodeship in Poland. In 2019, 73,090 people lived there.
Gsteig bei Gstaad
Gsteig bei Gstaad is a municipality in the administrative district of Obersimmental-Saanen in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
Nennslingen
Nennslingen is a municipality in Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen in Bavaria, Germany.
Human rights in Ivory Coast
Ivory Coast is a sub-Saharan nation in West Africa.
Politics
It is a representative presidential democracy where rights are protected in the constitution, international law, and common law. As a member of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, it is a party to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights.
Charles the Simple
Early life
Charles was the third and posthumous son of Louis the Stammerer by his second wife, Adelaide of Paris. As a child, Charles was not allowed to become king in 884 when his half-brother Carloman died. The Frankish nobles instead asked his cousin, Charles the Fat, to rule over them. King Charles the Fat was not a good king so he was removed (deposed) in November 887. He died soon after in January 888. The nobility elected Odo, the hero of the Siege of Paris as their king. Charles Simplex was put under the protection of Ranulf II of Aquitaine who used the royal title himself until making peace with Odo.
King of Western Francia
In 893 Charles was finally crowned by part of the nobility who were opposed to Odo. He was crowned at Reims Cathedral but was not fully accepted as king until Odo died in 898.
Bad Hindelang
Bad Hindelang is a municipality in the district of Oberallgäu in Bavaria in Germany. From 2008 it has a population of 4,915. It is known for its sulphur springs and pure mountain air. Today the municipality is a health resort. It is 825 m above sea level.
Charles the Simple
King of Western Francia
In 911, a group of Vikings lead by Rollo besieged Paris and Chartres. After a victory near Chartres on 26 August, Charles decided to negotiate with Rollo. The talks were led by Hervé, the Archbishop of Reims. This resulted in the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, which granted Rollo and his soldiers all the land between the river Epte and the sea. It also granted him Brittany, "for his livelihood". At the time, Brittany was an independent land which France had not been able to conquer. In exchange, Rollo promised the king his loyalty and military assistance when needed. Also Rollo also agreed to be baptised and to marry Gisela, the king's daughter. The territory given Rollo is about the same as Upper Normandy. This would grow to become Normandy under Rollo's descendants. Also in 911, Louis the Child, the King of Germany, died. The nobles of Lotharingia made Charles their new king even though some had elected Conrad of Franconia king. Charles had tried to win their support for years. In April 907 he married a Lotharingian noblewoman named Frederuna. He also defended Lotharingia twice against attacks by Conrad, King of the Germans. Queen Frederuna died on 10 February 917 leaving six daughters and no sons. so Charles did not have an heir. On 7 October 919 Charles married again to Eadgifu of Wessex (England). She was the daughter of Edward the Elder, King of England. She bore him his only son, the future King Louis IV of France.
Charles' had a favorite at court, a man named Hagano. This turned his nobles against Charles. He gave Hagano several monasteries that already belonged to other barons which angered them. Charles also turned the new duke, Gilbert against him. He turned his support to the German king Henry the Fowler in 919. Not everyone in Lotharingia was against Charles; he kept the support of Wigeric.
Revolt of the nobles
Finally the nobles seized Charles in 920. They were tired of Charles' policies and his favoritism of count Hagano. But after negotiations by Archbishop Herveus of Reims the king was released. In 922 the Frankish nobles revolted again led by Robert of Neustria. Robert was Odo's brother and was elected king by the rebels. Charles had to flee to Lotharingia. On 2 July 922, Charles lost his most faithful supporter, Herveus of Reims. Charles returned with a Norman army in 923 but was defeated on 15 June near Soissons by Robert, who died in the battle. Charles was captured and imprisoned in a castle at Péronne under the guard of Herbert II of Vermandois. Charles' English wife Eadgifu and their son Louis fled to England. Robert's son-in-law Rudolph of Burgundy was elected to succeed him. In 925 the Lotharingia became part of the Kingdom of Germany. Charles died in prison on 7 October 929 and was buried at the nearby abbey of Saint-Fursy. His only son by Eadgifu would later be crowned in 936 as Louis IV of France.
Family
Charles married first, in May 907, Frederuna, daughter of Dietrich, Count in the Hamaland. Together they had six daughters:
In 919 Charles married secondly Eadgifu of Wessex. Together they had:
Charles also had several illegitimate childen:
Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis
Jacqueline Lee Kennedy Onassis (July 28, 1929May 19, 1994) was an American socialite, writer, photographer and book editor. She was also the first lady of the United States from 1961 to 1963, as the wife of President John F. Kennedy.
A popular first lady, she endeared the American public with her devotion to her family, dedication to the historic preservation of the White House, the campaigns she led to preserve and restore historic landmarks and architecture along with her interest in American history, culture and arts. During her lifetime, she was regarded as an international icon for her unique fashion choices.
Vector (biology)
The term is most used for the transport of parasites and agents of infection or disease. So, deadly diseases, such as malaria and dengue fever, are carried by some mosquitoes.
Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis
Jacqueline Lee Bouvier was born in Southampton, New York. She graduated from George Washington University in 1951. After graduation, Bouvier worked for the Washington Times-Herald as a photographer. the next year, she met then - Representative Kennedy at a dinner party in Washington D.C. She married Kennedy in 1953, in Newport, Rhode Island.
Vector (biology)
The study of vectors gives us knowledge about the life cycle of parasitic diseases, and this helps us control those diseases.
Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis
In 1961, at the age of 31, she became the third-youngest first lady of the United States when her husband was inaugurated as 35th president of the United States. Kennedy was known for her restoration of the White House, emphasis on arts and culture along with her fashion style.
After the assassination and funeral of her husband, Kennedy and her two children, left public life. In October 1968, she married Greek businessman Aristotle Onassis. After his death in 1975, she worked as a book editor in New York City.
She is seen as one of the most popular and well known first ladies in American history. In 1999, she was named as one of Gallup's Most-Admired Men and Women of the 20th century.
On May 19, 1994, she died in her sleep from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in New York. Her funeral was on May 23, 1994. She was buried next to her first husband, President Kennedy, at Arlington National Cemetery.
Early life and education
Jacqueline Lee Bouvier was born on July 28, 1929 at Stony Brook Southampton Hospital in Southampton, New York to John Vernou Bouvier III and Janet Norton Lee. Her mother's family was from Ireland. Her father's background was French, Scottish, and English. She was raised as a Roman Catholic.
Bouvier lived in Manhattan and at the Bouvier country home in East Hampton on Long Island during her early childhood. She respected her father and John Vernou Bouvier III called his oldest daughter "the most beautiful daughter a man ever had".
From an early age, Bouvier was an equestrienne who competed in the sport. She took ballet lessons and learned many languages. She spoke English, French, Spanish, and Italian. In 1935, she began going to Manhattan's Chapin School. One of her teachers called her "a darling child, the prettiest little girl, very clever, very artistic, and full of the devil".
After seven years at Chapin, Bouvier went to Holton-Arms School in Washington, D.C.. She stayed there from 1942 until 1944. She later went to Miss Porter's School in Farmington, Connecticut. Bouvier stayed there from 1944 to 1947. In 1947, she began studying at Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, New York.
She studied in France at the University of Grenoble in Grenoble during her junior year. She also went to the Sorbonne in Paris. She was part of a program from Smith College. She transferred to George Washington University in Washington, D.C. and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in French literature in 1951. She later went to George Washington University to take classes on American history.
While at George Washington University, Bouvier won a twelve-month junior editorship at Vogue magazine. This let her work for six months in the magazine's New York City office and then six months in Paris. She wrote her autobiography, One Special Summer after the trip. After working at Vogue, she worked for the Washington Times-Herald as a part-time receptionist. In 1952, she was briefly engaged to a young stockbroker named John Husted but broke-off the engagement.
Marriage and children
Bouvier met U.S. congressman, John F. Kennedy at a dinner party in May 1952 after journalist, Charles L. Bartlett helped the two meet up. The two had many things in common. They were both Catholic, they both wrote, both liked reading and both had lived outside the United States during college. John was busy running for the United States Senate in Massachusetts when they first met. Their relationship became more serious and he asked her to marry him after he was elected Senator.
Bouvier took some time to accept, because she had been asked to report on the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in London for The Washington Times-Herald. After a month in Europe, she returned to the United States and accepted Kennedy's marriage proposal. Their engagement was officially announced on June 25, 1953.
They were married on September 12, 1953 in Newport, Rhode Island by Boston's Archbishop Richard Cushing. In the first years of their marriage, the couple had many problems. John F. Kennedy was diagnosed with Addison's disease and back pain caused by a war injury. In late 1954, he had surgery on his spine which almost killed him.
Kennedy gave birth to her second daughter, Caroline Kennedy on November 27, 1957. During his Senate re-election campaign, John F. Kennedy began to see how popular his wife was. He asked her to campaign with him for his re-election. In November 1958, Kennedy was re-elected to a second term in the Senate and he thanked his wife for her role in the campaign.
1960 United States presidential election
On January 3, 1960, Senator John F. Kennedy announced his candidacy for president. In the early months of the election year, Kennedy traveled with her husband to campaign events. Shortly after the campaign began, she became pregnant. So, she decided to stay at home in Georgetown during most of her husband's campaign. Kennedy helped her husband's campaign by writing a weekly newspaper column, Campaign Wife. She answered questions and gave interviews to the media.
She had a large amount of media attention because of her fashion choices. While this made her popular, some criticized her for being rich. To stop the criticism, Kennedy talked about the amount of work she was doing for the campaign. She also did not want to talk about her fashion choices.
When her husband was at the Democratic National Convention in Los Angeles, Kennedy did not go to the convention because of her pregnancy. She was in Hyannis Port where she watched the presidential debate between her husband and republican candidate and incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon. On November 8, 1960, her husband was elected the 35th president of the United States. Two weeks after the election, on November 25, 1960, she gave birth to their first son, John F. Kennedy Jr.
First Lady of the United States (1961–1963)
Kennedy assumed the role and duties as the first lady of the United States, succeeding Mamie Eisenhower when her husband was inaugurated as the 35th president of the United States. Kennedy did not want her children to be unprotected around the media at an early age. She stayed with them in Middleburg, Virginia for a short time because of this.
At first, Kennedy said that her main focus as the first lady was to take care of the president and their children. She later spent her time to support American arts and preservation of its history. The historical restoration of the White House was her well known work. She also hosted many social events at the White House. She wanted to create a Department of the Arts; however this did not happen. She did help create the National Endowment for the Arts and the National Endowment for the Humanities.
White House restoration
Kennedy thought that most of the White House needed more historical artifacts and old furniture. Her first major project was to restore the White House. She helped create a family living area by adding a kitchen on the family floor and new rooms for her children.
She created a fine arts committee to find the money for her restoration of the White House. She also wanted to redesign and replant most of the Rose Garden and the East Garden. Kennedy helped protect historic homes in Lafayette Square in Washington, D.C., because she thought these buildings were important. Before she became first lady, presidents and their families had taken furniture and other items from the White House when they left office. This was why the White House had few historical items. She wrote letters to find the missing furniture and other historical pieces.
Kennedy supported a Congressional bill saying that White House furniture and other items would be the property of the Smithsonian Institution. She also started the White House Historical Association, the Committee for the Preservation of the White House, a Curator of the White House, the White House Endowment Trust, and the White House Acquisition Trust.
On Valentines Day, February 14, 1962, Kennedy took American television viewers on a tour of the White House on CBS News. Fifty-six million television viewers in the United States watched the tour. Kennedy won a special Emmy Award in 1962, making her the only first lady to win an Emmy.
Foreign trips
Kennedy made many official visits to other countries, on her own or with the president. In 1961, the Kennedy's began their official trip of Europe in France. After arriving in the country, many liked her.
French President Charles de Gaulle liked her because she could speak French and because of her knowledge of French history. Seeing how popular she was, President Kennedy joked, "I am the man who accompanied Jacqueline Kennedy to Paris, and I have enjoyed it."
From France, the president and the first lady traveled to Vienna, Austria, where Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev was asked to shake the President's hand for a photo. He replied, "I'd like to shake her hand first".
The U.S. Ambassador to India, John Kenneth Galbraith wanted Kennedy to begin a tour in India and Pakistan with her sister Lee Radziwill in 1962. President of Pakistan Ayub Khan gave her a horse named Sardar as a gift. He had found out on his visit to the White House that he and the first lady both liked horses. Her popularity was compared to former President Dwight D. Eisenhower and Queen Elizabeth II.
Montbert
Montbert is a commune. It is in the Pays de la Loire region in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France.
Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis
Foreign trips
Kennedy would later travel to other countries across the world representing the United States. She spoke Spanish well, which she used when traveling to Latin American countries for events.
Death of Patrick Kennedy
In early 1963, Kennedy was again pregnant, with their third child. She spent most of the summer at a home she and the President had rented near the Kennedy Family Compound on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. On August 7, five weeks before her due date, she went into labor. She gave birth to her second boy, Patrick Bouvier Kennedy, through an emergency Cesarean section at the Otis Air Force Base. The baby's lungs were not fully developed, so he was sent to Boston Children's Hospital. He died of hyaline membrane disease two days after birth.
Assassination and funeral of John F. Kennedy
On November 21, 1963, the president and first lady went on a political trip to Texas to get more support for her husband's 1964 reelection campaign. They landed at Dallas's Love Field with Texas Governor John Connally and his wife Nellie. Kennedy was wearing a bright pink Chanel suit and a pillbox hat, which her husband personally picked for her to wear. The motorcade was to take them to the Trade Mart. Kennedy was sitting next her husband in the presidential car. At 12:30 P:M, the motorcade turned to Dealey Plaza. Kennedy heard loud bangs and she thought it was a motorcycle backfiring. She did not realize that it was a gunshot until she heard Governor Connally scream.
Two more shots had been fired, three of them hit her husband in the head. She quickly began to climb onto the back of the limousine. Some believe she was reaching across the trunk for a piece of her husband's skull that had been blown off. Secret Service agent Clint Hill ran to the car telling her back to go back to her seat. Kennedy would later say that she did not remember climbing behind the car.
Approximately at 1:00 P:M in Dallas, Texas at Parkland Hospital, President Kennedy died from his gunshot wounds, aged 46. After her husband died, Kennedy did not want to take off her blood-stained clothing. She told the new first lady, Lady Bird Johnson that she wanted "them to see what they have done to Jack".
Kennedy continued to wear the blood-stained pink suit as she went on Air Force One. She stood next to Lyndon B. Johnson when he took the oath of office as the 36th president of the United States. The suit was donated to the National Archives and Records Administration in 1964. It will not be seen by the public until 2103 because of an agreement from her daughter Caroline Kennedy, because she refused to let it be seen during this century. Kennedy planned her husband's state funeral. It was inspired by Abraham Lincoln's funeral. She wanted her husband's casket to be closed, even though her brother-in-law and, Robert F. Kennedy wanted it to be open. The funeral service was held at the Cathedral of St. Matthew the Apostle in Washington D.C. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery. Many respected her role and appearance at the funeral.
A week after the assassination, President Lyndon B. Johnson wrote an executive order that created the Warren Commission. It was led by Chief Justice Earl Warren to investigate the assassination. Kennedy did not care about the investigation. Kennedy said that even if they had the right suspect, it would not bring her husband back. She spoke to the commission about the events of her husband's assassination.
After the assassination, Kennedy and her two children left public life and activities.
Mourning period and later activities
On November 29, 1963, a week after her husband's assassination, Theodore H. White of Life magazine interviewed Kennedy at her home in Hyannis Port. During the interview, she compared the Kennedy years in the White House to King Arthur's Camelot. She said "Don't let it be forgot, that once there was a spot, for one brief, shining moment that was known as Camelot. There'll be great presidents again ... but there will never be another Camelot". Her husband was nicknamed "Camelot" and his presidency the "Camelot Era" because of this.
Kennedy and her two children stayed in the White House for two more weeks after the assassination. President Lyndon B. Johnson wanted to "do something nice for Jackie". He wanted to make her ambassador to France, Mexico or the United Kingdom. Kennedy said no to any ambassador roles. Johnson renamed the Florida space center the John F. Kennedy Space Center a week after the assassination. Kennedy later thanked Johnson for his kindness to her. Kennedy made few public appearances after her husband's death. Some believed she was suffering from severe PTSD. In the winter after the assassination, she and the children stayed at Averell Harriman's home in Georgetown.
On January 14, 1964, she spoke on television thanking the public for the "hundreds of thousands of messages" she had gotten since the assassination. She bought a house for herself and her children in Georgetown, but sold it later in 1964. She bought a 15th-floor penthouse apartment for $250,000 at 1040 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan to have more privacy.
Kennedy would go to a few memorial ceremonies dedicated to her husband. In 1967, she went to the opening ceremony of the U.S. Navy aircraft carrier USS John F. Kennedy (CV-67). She also went to a private ceremony in Arlington National Cemetery when her husband's coffin was moved to build a safer eternal flame. Kennedy also was in charge of the creation of the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum.