cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Fish
Fish scales
The scales are usually covered with a layer of slime which improves passage through the water, and makes the fish more slippery to a predator.
Baume-les-Dames
Baume-les-Dames is a commune. It is in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France. In 2015, 5,241 people lived there.
Fish
Fish scales
There are various types of eel: most are in the Anguilliformes. Their life-style has evolved many times. Eels have scales with smooth edges or are absent.
Heustreu
Heustreu is a municipality in Rhön-Grabfeld in Lower Franconia in Germany. It is on the river Streu.
Fish
Freshwater fish
41% of all fish live in freshwater. There are also some important fish which breed in rivers, and spend the rest of their life in the seas. Examples are salmon, trout, the sea lamprey, and three-spined stickleback. Some fish are born in salt water, but live most of their mature lives in fresh water: for example the eels. Species like these change their physiology to cope with the amount of salt in the water.
Heustreu
Heustreu is in the Main-Rhön region in the north of Lower Franconia. The Rhön mountains are a low mountain range in the north of Bavaria, Hesse and Thuringia. The most successful football club in Heustreu is the TSV 1894 Heustreu e.V., which plays in the Kreisklasse of Rhön-Grabfeld.
Fish
Swimming
Most fishes generate thrust using lateral movements of their body & tail fin (caudal fin). However, there are also species which move mainly using their median and paired fins. The latter group profits from the gained manoeuvrability. This is needed, for example, when living in coral reefs. Such fish cannot swim as fast as fish using their bodies & caudal fins.
Muscle
Fish can swim slowly for many hours using red muscle fibres. They also make short, fast bursts using white muscle. The two types of muscle have a fundamentally different physiology. The red fibres are usually alongside a much greater number of white fibres.
The white fibres get their energy by converting the carbohydrate glycogen to lactate (lactic acid). This is anaerobic metabolism, that is, it does not need oxygen. They are used for fast, short bursts. Once the lactic acid builds up in the muscles, they stop working, and it takes time for the lactate to be removed, and the glycogen replaced. Using their white fibres, fish can reach speeds of 10 lengths per second for short bursts.
Swimming for long periods needs oxygen for the red fibres. The oxygen supply has to be constant because these fibres only operate aerobically. They are red because they have a rich blood supply, and they contain myoglobin. Myoglobin transports the oxygen to the oxidising systems. Red muscle gets its energy by oxidising fat, which weight for weight has twice as much energy as carbohydrate or protein. Using their red fibres, fish can keep up a speed of 3–5 lengths per second for long periods.
Swimming in groups
Many fish swim in groups. Schools of fish can swim together for long distances, and may be chased by predators which also swim in schools. Casual groups are called 'shoals'.
Body shape
The shape of the body of a fish is important to its swimming. This is because streamlined body shapes makes the water drag less. Here are some common fish shapes:-
The picture on the right shows a shark. This shark's shape is called fusiform, and it is an ovoid shape where both ends of the fish are pointy. This is the best shape for going through water quickly. Fishes with fusiform shapes can chase prey and escape predators quickly. Many live in the open ocean and swim constantly, like marlins, swordfish, and tuna. Ichthyosaurs, porpoises, dolphins, killer whales all have similar shapes. This is an example of convergent evolution.
Eel-like
The long, ribbon-like shape of an eel's body shows another shape. This enables them to hide in cracks, springing out quickly to capture prey, then returning quickly to their hiding spot.
Flatfish
Flatfish live on the bottom of the ocean or lake. Most use camouflage: they change colours to match the ocean floor. During their early lives, their eyes move to the upper side of their flat body.
Reef fish also have flat bodies, and their body is often highly coloured. Flat bodies can slip in and out among the corals, sponges, and rocks, avoiding predators. Angelfish, surgeonfish, and butterflyfish are examples.
Fish as food
Some people eat many different kinds of fish. These include carp, cod, herring, perch, sardines, sturgeon, tilapia, trout, tuna, and many others. A person who buys and sells fish for eating is called a fishmonger.
The word to fish is also used for the activity of catching fishes. People catch fish with small nets from the side of the water or from small boats, or with big nets from big boats. People can also catch fish with fishing poles and fishhooks with bait. This is often called angling. Anglers also different types of fishing lures.
Because people are catching too many fish for food or other uses, there are less and less fish in the sea. This is a problem known as overfishing.
Fish as pets
Selective breeding of carp made them into the domesticated koi in Japan, and goldfish in China. This breeding began over 2,000 years ago. The Chinese brought their goldfish indoors during the Song Dynasty. They kept them in large ceramic vessels. That we now do in glass fish tanks.
Opiate (EP)
Opiate is an extended play (EP) by American rock band Tool. It was released in March 1992. The band's first album, Undertow, was released a year later. The EP was certified platinum by the RIAA. When Tool started streaming their music in 2019, it went onto music charts in many countries.
Opiate has seven songs. Two of them are live recordings. The seventh song, "The Gaping Lotus Experience", starts after the end of "Opiate". The cassette version of Opiate does not have "The Gaping Lotus Experience". A music video was made for the song "Hush".
Hoting
Hoting is a locality in Strömsund Municipality in Jämtland County in Sweden. In 2010, 667 people lived there. Hoting was mentioned in documents regarding the Sweden-Norway border rulings in 1273.
Odinani
Odinani is the traditional religion of the Igbo people of southern Nigeria. Odinani has monotheistic and panentheistic ideas. It has one God as the source of all things.
Shin-Ōsaka Station
Shin-Ōsaka Station (新大阪駅,しんおおさかえき) is a railway station of JR West, JR Central and Osaka Municipal Subway in Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, Japan.
Volkswagen Passat
Volkswagen Passat is a car produced by Volkswagen in 1973. It entered its seventh generation in 2010.
Palace of the Parliament
The Palace of the Parliament - also known as the Republic's House (Casa Republicii) or People's House (Casa Poporului) is a large building in Bucharest, Romania. It was built by the then-dictator Nicolae Ceauşescu in the 1980s. Today the Romanian Parliament meets in the building. Many Parliament members have offices inside. The building faces an avenue built to look like the Champs-Élysées in Paris.
Volkswagen Passat
Passat Mk4
The Volkswagen Passat Mk4 is the fourth generation of the Volkswagen Passat. The Mk4 replaced the Mk3 in 1993, and was replaced by the Mk5 in 1996.
Passat Mk5
The Volkswagen Passat Mk5 is the fifth generation of the Volkswagen Passat. The Mk5 replaced the Mk4 in 1996, and was replaced by the Mk6 in 2005.
Passat Mk6
The Volkswagen Passat Mk6 is the sixth generation of the Volkswagen Passat. The Mk6 replaced the Mk5 in 2005, and was replaced by the Mk7 in 2010.
Passat Mk7
The Volkswagen Passat Mk7 is the seventh generation of the Volkswagen Passat. The Mk7 replaced the Mk6 in 2010. This is the current generation of the Volkswagen Passat.
Anna Moffo
Anna Moffo (June 27, 1932 - March 9, 2006) was an Italian American operatic soprano particularly associated with lyric-coloratura roles in Italian and French operas, she was admired as much for her vocal gifts as her great beauty and affecting stage presence.
Life and Career
Born in Wayne, Pennsylvania, to Italian parents, she first studied at the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia, with Eufemia Giannini-Gregory, and later at the Accademia di Santa Cecilia in Rome, Italy, with Mercedes Llopart and Luigi Ricci.
She made her operatic debut in Spoleto, Italy, in 1955, as Norina in Donizetti's Don Pasquale. Shortly after, she appeared in a television production of Puccini's Madama Butterfly, which made her an overnight sensation throughout Italy. She quickly appeared in other television productions (Falstaff, La sonnambula, Lucia di Lammermoor, La figlia del reggimento, La serva padrona) and was invited to sing at most of the major opera houses of Italy (Rome, Milan, Naples, Venice, Parma, etc.). As her reputation grew, she was invited to sing outside Italy, notably at the Aix-en-Provence Festival, the Salzburg Festival and the Vienna State Opera.
She made her American debut at the Chicago Lyric Opera in 1957, as Mimi in La bohème, opposite the great Swedish tenor Jussi Bjorling. Her Metropolitan Opera debut in New York took place on November 14, 1959, as Violetta in La traviata, a part that quickly became her signature role. She sang at the Metropolitan Opera for seventeen seasons to great acclaim in roles such as Lucia (Lucia di Lammermoor), Gilda (Rigoletto), Mimi (La bohème), Marguerite (Faust), Juliet (Romeo and Juliet), Manon (Manon), the four heroines in Les contes d'Hoffmann, etc. She also sang in San Francisco, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, etc., while making several appearances on American television.
Her career was cut short by vocal problems in the mid 1970s but she remained active in the opera world as a board member of the Metropolitan Opera Guild and by hosting galas and giving occasional masterclasses. Moffo died in New York City of a stroke after a decade long battle with breast cancer at the age of 73. She is remembered as one of the most glamourous opera stars of her era.
A versatile and prolific recording artist she left a vast discography including opera, operetta, musical, art songs, pop songs, lieder, etc.
Federal Council (Switzerland)
The Swiss Federal Council (Schweizerischer Bundesrat, Conseil fédéral suisse, Consiglio federale svizzero, Cussegl federal svizzer) is the group of seven people who are the federal government of Switzerland. As Switzerland does not have one person as "President", the Federal Council is also the head of state.
Members
The whole council is responsible for leading the federal administration of Switzerland, but each Councillor runs one of the seven federal ministries. As of 2023, the members of the Federal Council are, in order of seniority:
Origins of the institution
When the Constitution was written, constitutional democracy was still in its infancy, and the founding fathers of Switzerland had little in the way of examples. Switzerland has a long tradition of being governed by a council of representatives instead of one powerful ruler, so while they drew heavily on the U.S. Constitution for the organisation of the federal state as a whole, they opted for the council rather than the presidential system for the executive branch of government. ).
Today, only three other states, Andorra, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and San Marino have more than one person act as head of state at a time. The collegial system of government is often used for government. Many countries have a form of cabinet government with collective responsibility (that is, all ministers in the cabinet support the decision of the cabinet as a whole).
Magic formula
After the 1959 elections a Zauberformel or "magical formula" was invented. The formula works out how many members of the Federal Council each political party has, and showed that the Federal Council is always a voluntary grand coalition.
Based on their strengths in the Federal Assembly, the seats were distributed as follows:
The FDP and CVP have been getting less popular, and more people have supported the SVP and SPS. After the 2003 elections, the SVP asked for a CVP Council seat for their leader Christoph Blocher and threatened to otherwise leave the government. After the 2007 elections Blocher was replaced by another member of the CVP, so the strength of the parties is still:
Women on the council
Women did not get the federal vote until 1971. The first woman to be an official candidate was Lilian Uchtenhagen in 1983.
In total, only six out of 109 Councillors (or out of 27 Councillors elected since 1971) have been women:
Presidency
Each year, one of the seven Councillors is elected by the Federal Assembly as President of the Confederation. The Federal Assembly also elects a Vice President. By convention, the positions of President and Vice President rotate annually, each Councillor thus becoming Vice President and then President every seven years while in office. The same person cannot be President two years in a row, or be elected Vice President in the years after he has been President.
According to the Swiss order of precedence, the President of the Confederation is the highest-ranking Swiss official. He or she presides over Council meetings and carries out certain representative functions that, in other countries, are the business of the Head of State. In urgent situations where a Council decision cannot be made in time, he or she is empowered to act on behalf of the whole Council. Apart from that, though, he or she is a primus inter pares, having no power above and beyond the other six Councillors.
The President is not the Swiss head of state (this function is carried out by the Council acting together). However the President acts and is recognized as head of state while conducting official visits abroad, as the members of the Council never leave the country at the same time. More often, though, official visits abroad are carried out by the head of the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs. Visiting heads of state are received by all the Federal Council together.
Council meetings
The Federal Council meets each Wednesday at the Bundeshaus in Bern, the seat of the Swiss federal government.
Apart from the seven Councillors, the following officials also attend the meetings:
After the meetings, the Councillors always take lunch together. The Council also meets regularly in conclave to discuss important topics at length, and annually conducts what is colloquially referred to as its "school excursion", a day trip to some attractions in the President's home canton. In that and other respects, the Council operates not unlike a board of directors of a major corporation.
Decisions and responsibilities
Each Federal Councillor heads a government department, much like the ministers in the governments of other countries. Colloquially and by the press, they are often referred to as ministers. For example, the head of the Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sportsis often called the "minister of defence". However, as Council members, they are not only responsible for their own department, but also for the business of their colleagues' departments as well, and for the conduct of the government and the federal administration as a whole.
Secrecy
Despite the secrecy rule, details of the votes and the arguments in Council are sometimes leaked to the press, resulting in (generally fruitless) investigations and criminal prosecutions of the leaking staff member.
Constitutional conventions
Due to the Federal Council's unique nature as a voluntary grand coalition of political opponents, its operation is subject to numerous constitutional conventions. Most notable is the principle of collegiality; that is, the Councillors are supposed not to publicly criticise one another, even though they are often political opponents. In effect, they are expected to publicly support all decisions of the Council, even against their own personal opinion or that of their political party. In the eye of many observers, this convention has become rather strained after the 2003 elections (see below).
Election mode
The members of the Federal Council are elected for a term of four years by both chambers of the federal parliament sitting together as the Federal Assembly. Each Councillor is elected individually by secret ballot by an absolute majority of votes. Every adult Swiss citizen is eligible, but in practice, only Members of Parliament or more rarely, members of Cantonal governments are nominated by the political parties and receive a substantial amount of votes. The voting is conducted in several rounds: in the first two rounds, anyone can enter their name; but in subsequent rounds, the person receiving the least votes is removed from the race until one candidate gains an absolute majority.
With Council seats allocated to parties by unwritten agreement (see above), Federal Council elections generally are unexciting, pleasant affairs. Usually, the party which has a seat to fill presents two candidates with mainstream viewpoints to the United Federal Assembly, which then chooses one. This was not so, however, during the 2003 election, which was the most controversial in recent memory (see also above).
Once elected, Councillors remain members of their political parties, but hold no leading office with them. In fact, they usually maintain a certain political distance from the party leadership, because under the rules of collegiality, they will often have to publicly promote a Council decision which does not match the political conviction of their party (or of themselves).
Resignation
Once elected for a four-year-term, Federal Councillors can neither be voted out of office by a motion of no confidence nor can they be impeached. Re-election is possible for an indefinite number of terms, and it has historically been extremely rare for Parliament not to re-elect a sitting Councillor. This has only happened four times - to Ulrich Ochsenbein in 1854, to Jean-Jacques Challet-Venel in 1872, to Ruth Metzler-Arnold in 2003 and to Christoph Blocher in 2007. In practice, therefore, Councillors serve until they decide to resign and retire to private life, usually after three to five terms of office.
Councillors' lives
Unlike most senior members of government in other countries, the Federal Councillors are not entitled to an official residence. Mostly, they have chosen to rent apartments or hotel suites in Bern (at their own expense); the only contemporary exception being Moritz Leuenberger, who daily commutes by train from Zürich to Bern. However, they are entitled to use the Federal Council's country estate, Lohn, for holidays; this estate is also used to host official guests of the Swiss Confederation.
Councillors can have an Army security detail if they need personal protection (in particular during official events). But often one can meet them without any escort at all in the streets, restaurants and tramways of Bern. Councillors are also entitled to a personal bailiff (Weibel) who accompanies them, in a colourful uniform, to official events. This tradition goes back through the republican governments of the ancient Swiss cantons, right back to the lictors of the ancient Roman Republic.
The spouses of Councillors do not play an official part in the business of government, apart from accompanying the Councillors to official receptions.
Councillors' salary
Federal Councillors draw a yearly remuneration of about CHF 400,000 (circa EUR 256,000 / USD 404,000). After completing a full term of office, they are entitled to a perennial yearly pension of half that amount after leaving office.
While Councillors are forbidden by law to hold any other post during their term of office, it is not unusual for them to accept lucrative business engagements after leaving office, e.g., on the board of directors of major Swiss corporations.
Immunity
Federal Councillors, like Members of Parliament, enjoy absolute legal immunity for all statements made in their official capacity.
For crimes not relating to their official capacity, they can be prosecuted only with the permission of the Federal Council as a whole while in office. The prosecutor can appeal a refusal to grant permission to the Federal Assembly.
Prosecution for crimes and misdemeanors that do relate to the Councillors' official capacity requires the assent of the Federal Assembly. In such cases, Parliament can also suspend the Councillor in office (but not actually remove her or him).
Assessment and calls for change
However, lately there has been a growing contention that the Federal Council is often too slow to respond to the needs of the moment, too resistant to change and too weak to lead the powerful federal bureaucracy. Various changes have been proposed to address these issues, including expanding the powers of the presidency, expanding the Federal Council itself or adding a second layer of ministers between the Council and the departments. None of these proposals has yet borne fruit, however.
Unforgiven (2006)
Unforgiven (2006) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on September 17, 2006 at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ontario. It was the eighth Unforgiven event held by the WWE.
List of rivers of Niger
This is a list of rivers in Niger
A
Atakora River
G
Goulbi de Maradi River
M
Mékrou River
Tanzania
Tanzania is a country in East Africa. The official languages are Kiswahili and English. It is next to Africa's biggest lake, Lake Victoria.
Deaths in November 2017
The following is a list of notable deaths in November 2017. For notable deaths before the current month, please see "Previous months". Names under each date are reported in alphabetical order by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are reported here also if notable.
Tanzania
In 2017, there were about 54,000,000 people living in Tanzania. They are divided into 120 tribes; none have more than 10% of the population. Tanzania is a multicultural society. There are many languages and religions in Tanzania; the main religions being Christianity and Islam.
List of rivers of Niger
N
Niger River
S
Sirba River
T
Tapoa River
V
Vallée de l'Ahzar
Y
Yobe River
Tanzania
The president of the United Republic of Tanzania is Samia Suluhu Hassan. Tanzania is a member of the United Nations, UNIDO, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement, SADC, PTA, and the ADB. It is also signatory to the Lome Convention.
Mainland Tanzania (formerly Tanganyika) received independence in December 1961, while Zanzibar gained her independence in January 1964, through a revolution. The two countries joined to form the United Republic of Tanzania in April 1964. Until July 1992, Tanzania was a one-party state. Following a Presidential Commission, the country has started a multi-party political system. It has held successful general elections in 1995 and 2000. "
Tanzania is home to the Serengeti. Many animals such as lions and cheetahs live there.
Regions
Tanzania is divided into 31 Regions. 26 are on the mainland and five in Zanzibar.
Tanzania's regions are: Arusha· Dar es Salaam· Dodoma· Geita· Iringa· Kagera· Katavi· Kigoma· Kilimanjaro· Lindi· Manyara· Mara· Mbeya· Morogoro· Mtwara· Mwanza· Njombe· Pemba North· Pemba South· Pwani· Rukwa· Ruvuma· Shinyanga· Simiyu· Singida· Songwe· Tabora· Tanga· Zanzibar Central/South· Zanzibar North· Zanzibar Urban/West
Gerry Lynn
Gerry Lynn (May 28, 1952 – September 6, 2020) was an American politician and lawyer. He was the Judge-Executive of Meade County, Kentucky from 2011 until his death. He was a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from the 27th district from 2005 to 2007. He was a member of the Republican Party.
Lynn died on September 6, 2020, in Brandenburg, Kentucky at age 68.
Golf Mill Shopping Center
Golf Mill Shopping Center is a shopping mall at 239 Golf Mill Center in Niles, Illinois, United States. The shopping center has a gross leasable area of 1.1 million square feet. It is managed by Sterling Retail Services. It borders the intersections of Golf Road (Illinois Route 58), Milwaukee Avenue (Illinois Route 21) and Greenwood Avenue. The shopping center has over 100 specialty shops, five department stores (JCPenney, Sears, Target, Kohl's and Ross Dress for Less), an AMC Theatres, two grocery stores (Shop & Save Market, Gordon Food Service Store), an XSport Fitness gym, a 9-story office tower and other outparcels. The mall was originally opened to the public in October 1960. The mall was sold in 2014 for $60 million.
Fontainebleau
Fontainebleau is a commune in the metropolitan area of Paris, France. It is 55.5 km south-southeast of the centre of Paris.
Scratch (programming language)
Scratch is a block-based visual programming language and vector/raster graphics editor for children designed to create things such as games, animations, art, and stories. It allows them to explore and experiment with the ideas of computer programming by using "blocks" that are put together to make simple code. There is also a discussion page with multiple forums mainly used for chatting and help with coding.
James Saito
James Tomio Saito (born March 6, 1955) is a Japanese-American actor. Saito played the original Shredder in Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, Dr. Chen in the ABC series Eli Stone, Harry Kim in the Netflix movie Always Be My Maybe, and Kenji on Modern Love.
Scratch (programming language)
Although made for children 8-16, Scratch can be used to produce simple or complex programs so it is worth learning to use by adults as well.
Scratch is translated into 40+ languages and is used in homes, schools, and after-school clubs in every country in the world. Scratch is often used in teaching coding, computer science, and computational thinking. Teachers also use it as a tool across many other subjects including math, science, history, geography, and art. The Scratch Team (ST) is an organization that helps maintain, manage and help keep Scratch safe. They also do helpful tutorials for coding help and support. Scratch is also free to use.
User interface
The area where the user can interact with is called the stage area. The stage area features all of the animations, graphics, drawings, and among other visual features. The list of sprites on screen are placed below the stage area to show a list of sprites that are usable for the program. The stage is organized through x and y coordinates, with the center coordinate (0, 0) placed in the center of the stage. The stage is 480 pixels wide and 360 pixels tall, with a range between x=-240 to x=240 in width and a range between y=-180 and y=180 in height.
From left to right, in the upper left area of the screen, there is a stage area, featuring the results (i.e., animations, turtle graphics, etc., everything either in small or normal size, full-screen also available) and all sprites thumbnails listed in the bottom area. The stage uses x and y coordinates, with 0,0 being the stage center. The stage is 480 pixels wide, and 360 pixels tall, x:240 being the far right, x:-240 being the far left, y:180 being the top, and y:-180 being the bottom.
Homo antecessor
H. antecessor may have been broad-chested and rather heavy, much like Neanderthals. Its limbs were proportionally long, which is a trait more frequent in tropical populations. The kneecaps are thin and have poorly developed tendon attachments. The feet indicate H. antecessor walked differently from modern humans.
H. antecessor usually made simple pebble and flake stone tools out of quartz and chert, but they also used other materials. This industry has some similarities with the more complex Acheulean. Acheulean is found in African and later European sites. Groups may have sent hunting parties to kill deer in their savannah and mixed woodland environment. As mentioned above, many of the H. antecessor specimens were cannibalised, perhaps as a cultural practice. There is no evidence they were using fire, and they only lived in Iberia during warm periods, presumably retreating to the South coast otherwise.
John Wilkes Booth
Booth was born in Bel Air, Harford County, Maryland to English immigrant parents. He was a very well-known stage actor. Booth supported the Confederacy during the American Civil War. He was angry with Lincoln for supporting voting rights for former slaves. He also wanted to get Confederate soldiers to keep fighting the war, which was ending.
Booth was chased by United States soldiers and killed at a farm in Virginia twelve days after he shot Lincoln.
Booth's political activity
Booth became politically active in the 1850s. He joined the Know-Nothing Party, a political party that wanted fewer immigrants to come to the United States. Boot strongly supported slavery. In 1859, he joined a Virginia company that helped to capture John Brown after his raid on Harpers Ferry. Booth watched Brown's execution.
During the Civil War, Booth worked as a Confederate secret agent. He met with the heads of the Secret Service, Jacob Thompson and Clement Clay, in Montreal many times.
Failed plots against President Lincoln
In the summer of 1864, Booth began making plans to kidnap President Lincoln. His plan said that Lincoln would be taken south to Richmond, where he would be held until he could be traded for Confederate prisoners of war. Booth got friends and people who supported the Confederacy to help him. Eight of these people were later tried for killing Lincoln by a military court designed to prosecute enemies of the United States during wartime. All eight were found guilty; four were executed by hanging. Some people who refused to join Booth, such as actor Samuel Chester, became key government witnesses in the trial.
On March 4, 1865, Booth attended Lincoln's second inauguration as president. Booth appears in some photographs taken that day. On March 15, Booth and most of his conspirators met at a restaurant three blocks from Ford's Theater to plan the kidnapping. Soon after, Booth heard that on March 17, the President would be seeing a play called Still Waters Run Deep at the Campbell Hospital, near Washington, D.C. Booth decided that this was the best time to kidnap him. According to John Surratt, Booth made a plan to intercept Lincoln's carriage on the way to the play. However, President Lincoln changed his plans and decided to speak to the 140th Indiana Regiment and present a captured flag.
Booth's next plan was to kidnap the President at another performance at Ford's Theatre (where Booth had several friends). This plan failed when Booth’s co-conspirators said it would not work.
The assassination of Lincoln
On April 4, the Union Army took over Richmond, the capital city of the Confederacy. Five days later, General Robert E. Lee surrendered Confederate forces to the Union Army. After these two events, Booth decided to kill Lincoln instead of kidnapping him. According to Booth's former friend, Louis Weichmann, Booth may have decided to kill the President on April 11. On that day, Booth listened while Lincoln gave a speech supporting voting rights for black Americans. Weichmann, who saw the President's speech with Booth, later said:
On April 14, 1865, Booth went to Ford’s Theater in Washington, D.C. to pick up his mail. There he found out that Lincoln and his wife would be seeing a play at the theater that evening. Booth knew the play well. He met with his co-conspirators, and they decided that around 10:15 that evening, they would kill President Lincoln, Vice-president Johnson, Secretary of State William Seward, and possibly General Ulysses S. Grant.
That afternoon, Booth made a hole in a wall at the theater so he could see the President and his guests in their balcony room. There were no guards protecting the balcony room. During the play, Booth quietly entered the room. He knew that at 10:15 pm, the audience would laugh at a line in the play. When the laughter began, Booth fired a pistol at point-blank range into the back of Lincoln's head. Booth escaped by jumping from the balcony onto the stage, where he shouted the triumphant line;Sic semper tyrannis (‘Thus always to tyrants’)  to the audience. When he escaped from the box, he broke his leg during the jump, but escaped out the back door and onto his horse.
Lincoln was carried across the street to Petersen House, where he died the next morning. One co-conspirator did attack Secretary of State Seward with a knife the night of the 14th, but Seward survived the attack. The conspirator who planned to attack Vice President Johnson did not follow through with the plot.
Booth fled with an accomplice south through Maryland to Virginia. An army troop caught up with him on April 26. His accomplice surrendered, but Booth refused. He yelled “I will not be taken alive!” He was shot while being captured and later died from his wounds. The bullet struck Booth in the back of the head behind his left ear, passed though his neck, and out into the barn. A low scream of pain like that produced by a sudden throttling came from the assassin, and he pitched headlong to the floor. Corbett and the other soldiers would note a sense of poetic, or cosmic, justice in that Lincoln and Booth were each shot around the same spot of the head. And the damage to Booth was no less severe than that to Lincoln: the bullet had pierced three vertebrae and partially severed his spinal cord, paralyzing him. Their conditions were different as well, as Mary Clemmer Ames summed it up, "The balls entered the skull of each at nearly the same spot, but the trilling difference made an immeasurable difference in the sufferings of the two. Mr. Lincoln was unconscious of all pain, while his assassin suffered as exquisite agony as if he had been broken on a wheel." A soldier poured water into his mouth, which he immediately spat out, unable to swallow. The bullet wound prevented him from swallowing any of the liquid. In a weak voice, Booth asked for water and Conger and Baker gave it to him. He asked them to roll him over and turn him facedown. Conger thought it a bad idea. Then at least turn me on my side, the assassin pleaded. They did, but Conger saw that the move did not relieve Booth’s suffering. Baker noticed it, too: "He seemed to suffer extreme pain whenever he was moved...and would several times repeat, ‘Kill me.’" At sunrise, Booth remained in agonising pain. His pulse weakening as his breathing became more laboured and irregular. In agony, unable to move his limbs, he asked a soldier to lift his hands before his face and whispered as he gazed at them, "Useless ... Useless." These were his last words. A few minutes later, Booth began gasping for air as his throat continued to swell, then there was a shiver and a gurgle and his body shuddered, before Booth died from asphyxia - he literally choked to death.
Corbett maintained that he didn't intend to kill Booth, but merely wanted to inflict a disabling wound, but either his aim slipped or Booth moved at the moment Corbett pulled the trigger.
Skandar Keynes
Skandar Keynes, or ‘”Alexander Amin Caspar Keynes” is a British actor, born 5 September 1991. He starred Edmund Pevensie in The Chronicles of Narnia. He appeared in all three movies, The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (2005), Prince Caspian (2008) and The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, which was released on December 10, 2010.
Personal Life
Keynes lives presently in Highbury, London.
Career
He auditioned for The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe at the same time as he asked for the role of Simon Brown in Nanny McPhee, but lost the role to Thomas Sangster. His voice got deeper when he was filming The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, so his sister Soumaya had to voice some of his lines.
Recently, he starred in The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, the third installment of The Chronicles of Narnia movie series. The filming began in July 2009, and finished in December of the same year. The movie was released on 10 December 2010 in Britain and the US.
Big Horn County, Montana
Big Horn County is a county found in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 12,865 people. Its county seat is Hardin. The county was created in 1913. It is on the south line of the state.
The county, like the river and mountain range, were named for the bighorn sheep in the Rocky Mountains.
Sheila Varian
Sheila Varian (August 8, 1936 – March 6, 2016) was an American breeder and trainer of Arabian horses. She was born in Santa Maria, California. Her career began in 1963. She used vaquero-influenced methods of training horses.
Varian produced many famous Arabian horses who won many show horses in the United States. Varian received many awards from the United States Equestrian Federation. She was added into the National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame in 2003.
Academy Award for Animated Short Film
The Academy Award for Animated Short Film is an award given by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It has been part of the Academy Awards every year since the 5th Academy Awards for 1931-1932.
This category was known as "Short Subjects, Cartoons" from 1932 until 1970. It was "Short Subjects, Animated Films" from 1971 to 1973. The present title began with the 1974 awards. Only American movies were nominated for the award until 1952.
The Academy defines short as being "not more than 40 minutes, including all credits."
1930s
As Short Subjects (Cartoons)
1970s
Name of award changed to Short Subjects (Animated Films)
Name of award changed to Short Films (Animated Films)
Ang Mo Kio MRT station
Ang Mo Kio MRT station (NS16/CR11) is an above-ground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the North South Line in Ang Mo Kio, Singapore.
Ang Mo Kio station is the only above-ground and non-interchange MRT station to have a middle train track. The middle track can be used during track/train faults, and certain train services that start from Marina South Pier MRT Station or Jurong East MRT Station end here.
The station opened on 7 November 1987, and will become an interchange station with the Cross Island MRT line when the first part, or stage, of the line opens in 2029.
History
The station was opened on 7 November 1987, and was one of the five stations that together were the first MRT stations to open.
Nitcharee Peneakchansak, a 14-year-old Thai, was badly injured and lost both her legs after she fell onto the track and was hit by a train at the station on 3 April 2011.
Fontainebleau
Fontainebleau is a sub-prefecture of the Seine-et-Marne department. It is the seat of the Arrondissement of Fontainebleau. The commune has the largest land area in the Île-de-France region. It is the only one to cover a larger area than Paris itself.
Right Livelihood Award
The Right Livelihood Award, widely known as the Alternative Nobel Prize,   is a major international award to honour those "working on practical and exemplary solutions to the most urgent challenges facing the world today". The prize was started in 1980 by Jakob von Uexkull, and is presented each year in early December. An international jury, invited by the five regular Right Livelihood Award board members, decides the awards in such fields as environmental protection, human rights, sustainable development, health, education, and peace. The prize money is shared among the winners, usually numbering four, and is EUR 200,000.
The prize has been awarded to a diverse group of people and organisations, including Mycle Schneider, Amory Lovins, Astrid Lindgren, Bianca Jagger, Memorial, Mordechai Vanunu, and Petra Kelly.
Fontainebleau
Fontainebleau, together with the neighbouring commune of Avon, Seine-et-Marne and three other smaller communes, form an urban area of 36,713 people (according to the 1999 census). This urban area is a satellite of Paris.
Ang Mo Kio MRT station
History
On 25 January 2019, Transport Minister Khaw Boon Wan announced that the first stage of the Cross Island Line will open in 2029, with Ang Mo Kio being one of the stations along the line.
Fontainebleau
Fontainebleau is known for the large and scenic Forest of Fontainebleau, a favourite weekend getaway for Parisians. It is also known for the historical Palace of Fontainebleau, which once belonged to the kings of France.
Paul Jewell
Paul Jewell (born 28 September 1964) is an English footballer turned manager who is currently the manager of Ipswich Town.
Thunderball (movie)
Thunderball is a 1965 British spy movie directed by Terence Young and is the 4th movie in the James Bond franchise. It stars Sean Connery as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond, Claudine Auger, Adolfo Celi, Luciana Paluzzi, Rik Van Nutter and was distributed by United Artists. It won an Academy Award in 1966.
Tom Jones sings the title song of the movie. The original main title song to Thunderball was titled "Mr. Kiss Kiss, Bang Bang" which was also the original title of the movie, and was first sung by Shirley Bassey, and then by Dionne Warwick. However, the song was later dropped because of its length. A new shorter song was composed named "Thunderball" and the movie name was changed to that title. The song "Mr. Kiss Kiss, Bang Bang" is not in the movie, but its version sung by Warwick is in the album also named "Thunderball".
John Fitchett
John Fitchett (1776-1838) was an English poet.
Garrotte
A garrotte is a weapon, usually a handheld length of chain, rope, scarf, wire or fishing line used to strangle a person. Garotte is normal British English spelling, with single 'r' as an alternate. Garrote with a single 't' is US English spelling. A Spanish version is garrote vil.
Assassination weapon
The garrote has been used for centuries for silent assassination. It was widely used in 17th and 18th century India by the Thuggee cult. A garrote can be made out of many materials, including slik scarves, ropes, cable ties, fishing lines, nylon, and even guitar strings, telephone cord and piano wire. The Indian version of the garrote often had a knot at the center to crush the larynx while applying pressure to the victim's back, usually by means of a foot or knee.
A stick may be used to tighten the garrotte (the Spanish word actually refers to the stick itself). In Spanish, the term may also refer to a rope and stick used to constrict a limb as a torture device.
John Fitchett
King Alfred
John Fitchett is remembered as the author of an epic poem named King Alfred. It was published in the years 1841-1842. It took forty years to write it. It tells about English King Alfred the Great, who lived during the 9th century and fought against the Vikings. The poem is a literary curiosity. It is probably the longest poem ever written in English. John Fitchett left it unfinished, but his friend Robert Roscoe finished and published it. King Alfred is over 131 000 lines long. 2585 more lines were added by Roscoe.
Garrotte
Assassination weapon
Since World War II the garrotte has been regularly used as a weapon by soldiers as a silent means of eliminating (taking out) sentries and other enemy personnel. Instruction in the use of garrottes is in the training of many elite military units and special forces. A typical military garrote consists of two wooden handles attached to a length of flexible wire; the wire is looped over a sentry's head and pulled taut in one motion. Soldiers of the French Foreign Legion used a particular type of double-loop garrotte (referred to as la loupe), where a double coil of rope or cord is dropped around a victim's neck and then pulled taut. Even if the victim pulls on one of the coils, he only succeeds in tightening the other.
High-functioning autism
High-functioning autism (HFA) is an informal term given to autistic people who do not have an intellectual disability, but may exhibit difficulties in in communication, recognising emotions, and social interaction. The overlap between HFA and Asperger syndrome is subject to controversy; both are autism spectrum conditions.
Garrotte
Execution device
The garrote was the main device used for capital punishment in Spain for hundreds of years. Originally, it was an execution where the convict was killed by hitting him with a club (garrote in Spanish). This later developed into a strangulation device, where the condemned was tied to a wooden stake, with a loop of rope placed around his neck. A wooden stick was placed in the loop, and by rotating the stick, the rope was tightened until the condemned person was strangled to death. As time went on, the execution method was modified in the form of a wooden chair to which the condemned was bound, while the executioner tightened a metal band around his/her neck with a crank or a wheel until asphyxiation of the condemned person was accomplished.
Other versions of this device incorporated a fixed metal blade or spike directed at the spinal cord to cause the breaking of the neck. Such a device can be seen in the James Bond film The World Is Not Enough, the Coppola classic The Godfather, and the Banderas/Jolie film, Original Sin. The spiked version, called the Catalan garrotte, was used as late as 1940. American authorities kept the garrotte for a time in the Philippines after that Spanish colony was captured in 1898. Its use was abolished in 1902 (Act No. 451, passed 2 September 1902).
High-functioning autism
Many medical professionals, autistic people, and supporters of autistic rights disagree with the use of "functioning" labels, as many "high-" or "low-functioning" autistic people may be able to function differently at different times. "Autism with/without intellectual disability" is preferred.
Garrotte
Execution device
American military authorities in Puerto Rico used the garrotte to execute at least five convicted murderers in 1900. In a report to Congress, the American military governor said "that execution by the garrotte is far less inhumane and revolting than execution by hanging". However, the method was replaced by hanging. Since 1929, capital punishment has not existed under Puerto Rican law.
In the Ottoman Empire, execution by strangulation was reserved for very high officials and members of the ruling family. Unlike the Spanish version, a bowstring was used instead of a tightening collar.