cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
1996 U.S. campaign finance scandal
In late 1996, the Justice Department opened a task force to investigate allegations of illegal donations to the Clinton/Gore re-election campaign and to Clinton's legal defense fund. Ultimately, Justice Department prosecutors secured the conviction of several fund-raisers for various offenses. John Huang served 500 hours of community service and paid a $10,000 fine. Johnny Chung served 3000 hours of community service. Charlie Trie served four months of in-home detention. Maria Hsia served 90 days of home detention and paid a $5,300 fine. Indonesian billionaire James Riady was fined $8.6 million. Ernest Green served three months home detention. Michael Brown served 150 hours of community service and paid a $5000 fine. In all, the Justice Department task force secured criminal convictions against 22 people by 2001.
Etruscan shrew
The Etruscan shrew (Suncus etruscus) is also known as the Etruscan pygmy shrew or the white-toothed pygmy shrew. It is the smallest known mammal by mass. The Bumblebee bat has a smaller skull.
The smallest adults of this shrew weigh about 1.3 grams and are 36 mm (1.42 inches) long. This small mammal is 60 mm from the tip of the nose to the base of the tail; the tail is about 40 mm long.
Risa Hontiveros
Risa Hontiveros (born February 24, 1966) is a Filipino socialist activist and journalist, who was the representative of Akbayan in the House of Representatives of the Philippines from 2004 to 2010. She is the older sister of journalists and television hosts Gringgay and Pia Hontiveros.
Hijan Hirao
"Hijan Hirao" (ꯍꯤꯖꯟ ꯍꯤꯔꯥꯎ), also spelt as "Hichan Hilao" (ꯍꯤꯆꯟ ꯍꯤꯂꯥꯎ), is a Meitei poetry text (puya), about the cutting down of a tree and crafting it into a boat. The poetic verse of the text is sung at the end of the religious festival of Lai Haraoba.
Didier Ratsiraka
Vice Admiral Didier Ratsiraka (4 November 1936 – 28 March 2021) was a Malagasy politician. He was the President of Madagascar from 1975 to 1993 and from 1997 to 2002. He was in exile from 2009 to 2011.
Ratsiraka died on 28 March 2021 in Antananarivo, Madagascar from cardiac arrest caused by the influenza at the age of 84.
Bastani sonnati
Bastani sonnati (Persian: بستنی سنتی, also called: "saffron ice cream" or "Flower and nightingale ice cream") is an Iranian ice cream with a sticky and elastic texture with high fat content similar to mastic ice creams or "Kulfi (Indian ice cream)". This ice cream is made from milk, sweet cream, eggs, sugar, rose water (or "rose leaves"), saffron, vanilla, and pistachios. It is best known as Persian ice cream. Sometimes it is also customary to add to this ice cream: "Salep (orchid powder)" and even a bit of gum like gum ice cream to give it a more sticky and elastic look.
Forms of serving
Some serve this ice cream together with: "Faloodeh" (Faloodeh Shirazi) and it is customary to serve this ice cream with "carrot juice" plus: cinnamon, walnut nutmeg, cloves, cardamom, or other spices. This form of submission is called: "Āb havij bastani."
History
Initial evidence of eating cold desserts in the Persia region in 500 BC during the Ahmani Kingdom. During this time, it was customary to mix Snow with "Sorbet (fruit peel)" and to sprinkle with it: saffron, grape juice, and fruits. In 400 BC, the dessert was invented: "Faloodeh" and used to mix it with Persian ice cream so as not to lose the liquid of the melted ice cream.
MP3
MPEG-1 and/or MPEG-2 Audio Layer 3 (MP3) is a lossy data compression format for audio. Using it makes smaller computer files containing digitized music and other sounds.
Many people like to use MP3 files to copy music so they can listen to it on their computer. Record companies do not like it when people use the Internet to share these MP3 files with each other. They think it is a violation of their copyright. The record industries have a trade group called the RIAA that has sued people for sharing music. An Internet website called Napster was shut down because of this. Napster has since re-opened, but does not let people share MP3 files anymore.
History
In the 1980s, Dieter Seitzer started the development of a code for audio format of high-quality. Together with his team at the German Fraunhofer Institut in Erlangen, the professor had the idea to create code with a low bit-rate. The German institute received the patent for MP3 in 1989. MP3 was then passed to the International Organisation for Standardisation. In the same year the MP3 was included into MPEG-1 specification. (MPEG means Moving Picture Experts Group).
The first player for the MP3 format was designed by the same Fraunhofer Institute in 1990's. A Croatian student named Tomislav Uzelac developed AMP MP3 Playback Engine in 1997. After the player appeared on the Internet, two students named Justin Frankel and Dmitry Boldyrev transformed it into Winamp. They took the engine of the original player and added the interface of the famous Windows.
When Winamp was launched into the net for free use it became successful at once. This way began the era of free music download. Soon various programmers started creating additional features for the MP3 player. Very often they created new encoders, rippers (software for transforming audio tracks into MP3 files) and players.
MP3 players
Because there is no need to pay licensing fees in order to build the player, today many software MP3 players are free. Some companies claim to have patents covering the MP3 format, but the validity of these patents is questionable because the format specification was published more than 20 years ago, meaning that any relevant patents would have expired. The most famous MP3 players are Winamp, Sonique, iTunes and MusicMatch. The main feature of an MP3 player is to turn the MP3 files into standard audio form and then send them to the soundcard of the computer. The soundcard then outputs the files into speaker so the user can hear them. Every MP3 player interprets music differently, though each one of them uses the same code for playing the MP3 files. There are also stand-alone (without a computer) MP3 players. These may be portable, or they may be built-into a stereo system or car stereo. According to the MPEG standards, MP3 players are supposed to also be able to play MP1 and MP2 files, although many don't.
Technical details
The MP3 format is a lossy compression format. This means that each time something is compressed with it, some information is lost. This information can not be recovered. When encoding to MP3 (converting some audio data to it), the encoder deletes some not important parts. The human ear can not hear certain sounds if they are masked by other sounds. This means that when encoding certain sound samples, some sounds can be left out as they will not be heard. This makes it possible to compress audio by a factor of about 5, without noticeable change to the sound of the music. With slight audible changes to the sound, compression factors of about 10 are possible.
Other formats for audio compression are Ogg Vorbis, and FLAC. Ogg Vorbis is very similar to MP3, although it has many improvements. FLAC is a lossless compression meaning no information is lost, and gets compression rates of 2-3.
Yehezkel Braun
Braun was born in Breslau, Germany (now Wroclaw, Poland). He moved to Mandate Palestine when he was two years old. Braun studied at the Israel Academy of Music. He received a Master's degree in Classical Studies from Tel Aviv University. In 2001, Braun was awarded the Israel Prize for music.
Braun died in Tel Aviv on August 27, 2014. He was 92.
Samanda
Samanda (Amanda Louise Marchant and Samantha Joanne Marchant), born 26 June 1988, were a British female duo. They formed in the UK in 2007 after exiting Big Brother in 2nd place behind Brian Belo.
Alice Trolle-Wachtmeister
Countess Alice Victoria Trolle-Wachtmeister (née Tornérhielm; 9 May 1926 – 26 June 2017) was a Swedish noblewoman who served the Royal Court of Sweden from the 1970s to 2015, having served as Chief Court Mistress from 1994 to 2015. She was born in Annerstad, Kronoberg County.
Trolle-Wachtmeister died at Trolle-Ljungby Castle in Scania, Sweden on 26 June 2017 from complications of Alzheimer's disease, aged 91.
Canistota, South Dakota
Canistota is a city in the eastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in McCook County, and 656 people lived there at the 2010 census. Canistota became a city in 1883.
Nynäshamns IF
Nynäshamns IF is a sports club in the town of Nynäshamn in Sweden. It was established on 4 February 1917. It became an alliance club on 1 January 1989. The men's bandy team played in the Swedish top division during the season of 1972-1972.
The men's soccer team played in the Swedish second division during the seasons of 1939-1940 and 1940-1941.
1008
1008 (MVIII) was a common year when the Julian calendar was used. It was the eighth year of the 2nd millennium and the 11th century.
List of Armenian states, dynasties, countries and territories
This list is a list of Armenian states, dynasties, countries and territories.
Territories
Some criteria:
Derby Tramways
Derby Tramway was tram system that serverd the city of Derby (then a town), England. It opened on 27 July 1904. It was closed nearly 30 years later, on the 29 June 1934.
Tetanospasmin
Tetanospasmin is the neurotoxin produced by the vegetative spore of Clostridium tetani in anaerobic conditions, causing tetanus. It is sometimes called spasmogenic toxin, tetanus toxin or abbreviated to TeTx or TeNT.
Derby Tramways
Preserved trams
Tramcar n°1 is the only Derby tramcar preserved and is located at the National Tramway Museum in Crich, Derbyshire. This tram was used for crew training prior to the opening of the system.
IFK Askersund
IFK Askersund is a sports club in the town of Askersund in Sweden. It was established 1 February 1895. It runs soccer activity. The club has also scored bandy successes. The bandy team played nine seasons in the Swedish top division between 1945 and 1964-1965.
The Yardbirds
The Yardbirds are a English blues band. They formed in the 1960s. They are famous for having the guitarists, Eric Clapton, Jeff Beck, and Jimmy Page. Eric Clapton left the band after they turned from a blues band to a pop band, in keeping with the moving trend of music in the 1960s. He suggested Jimmy Page, who had been a studio musician at the time (performing on records for many stars but not being a member of a specific band). Unwilling to give up his career as a studio musician, Page suggested Jeff Beck. Shortly thereafter, Page joined the band, playing bass and lead guitar.
Towards the end of the '60s, the Yardbirds broke up while in the middle of a tour. Page wanted to keep the band going, and eventually put together a band called "The New Yardbirds" consisting of vocalist Robert Plant, bassist John Paul Jones, and drummer John "Bonzo" Bonham. This group would soon gain a new name, allegedly taken from a quote by Who drummer Keith Moon. Moon had said previously said that their band would go over "like a lead zeppelin," and the name "Led Zeppelin" stuck.
Ecohydrology
Ecohydrology is the scientific study of how water interacts with ecological systems. It is a subdiscipline of hydrology, that focuses on the ecology. These interactions may happen in a water bodies, such as rivers and lakes, or on land, in forests, deserts, and other terrestrial ecosystems. Areas of research in ecohydrology include transpiration, how plants use water, adaptation of organisms to their environment in the water, effects of vegetation and benthic plants on smoving water, and interactions between ecological processes and the hydrological cycle.
Riegsee
Riegsee is a municipality in the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Upper Bavaria in Germany.
List of counties in Oklahoma
This is a list of the seventy-seven counties in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. Oklahoma is ranked 20th size and 17th in the number of counties.
Saulgrub
Saulgrub is a municipality in the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Upper Bavaria in Germany.
King Crimson
King Crimson were a progressive rock band. They formed in England in 1968. Their music is usually called progressive rock, but they also have jazz, gamelan, classical music, heavy metal and experimental music in their sound. They are not very popular, but they have a loyal group of fans. Their music has influenced a lot of bands and styles of music. King Crimson are most well known for their first album, In the Court of the Crimson King, which helped create progressive rock. Only one person has been in the band since they started, guitarist Robert Fripp.
1960's
In 1967, drummer Michael Giles and his brother, Peter, a bass guitar player, started a band with Robert Fripp. They recorded one album called The Cheerful Insanity of Giles, Giles and Fripp. This album did not do very well, and a lot of critics wrote bad reviews of it. After this, Ian Mcdonald joined playing keyboards, reeds, and woodwind instruments. Ian McDonald's friend, Peter Sinfield, joined to write lyrics, and Greg Lake replaced Peter Giles on bass guitar. Then they bought a mellotron, which helped them sound more like classical music. They changed their name to King Crimson, and did their first show in Hyde Park, London in 1969. Their first CD, In the Court of the Crimson King, was a huge success. Their original style impressed fans and critics.
1970's
Micheal Giles and Ian Mcdonald left the band to do solo work. The three of them still in the band, Robert Fripp, Peter Sinfield, and Greg Lake, released the single Catfood/Groon. On the next album, woodwind player Mel Collins, singer Gordon Haskell, and Peter Giles all helped record a few songs with the band. King Crimson released their second album, In the Wake of Poseidon, in 1970. It was not very popular because it sounded too much like the first album.
Peret
Pedro Pubill Calaf 24 March 1935 – 27 August 2014), better known as Peret, was a Spanish gypsy singer, guitarist and composer of Catalan rumba. He was born in Mataró, Catalonia.
Peret was known for his 1971 single, Borriquito (Ariola Records). Peret represented Spain at the Eurovision Song Contest in 1974 and performed during the closing ceremony at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. In 2001, Peret recorded and released Rey De La Rumba (King of the Rumba).
Peret died in Barcelona, Spain from lung cancer, aged 79.
Pig (dice)
Pig is a jeopardy (risk) dice game played with one die. In jeopardy dice games, a player decides to roll or hold (stop rolling). A player that rolls risks a turn total, and may gain a higher turn total or score nothing. A player that holds scores the turn total.
John Scarne wrote about Pig as a common dice game in 1945. Optimal (perfect) play has been computed. Teachers often use Pig for fun lessons.
Rules
The first player to score 100 or more points wins.
Example Play
For example, Ann begins a turn with a roll of 5. She could hold and score 5 points, but she decides to roll again. Next, Ann rolls a 2. She could hold with a turn total of 7 points (2 + 5 = 7), but she decides to roll again. Next, Ann rolls a 1 ("pig"). She must end her turn. Her score does not change. She hands the dice to the next player, Bob.
Bob rolls a 4, 5, 3, 5, and 5. He then decides to hold. Bob adds 4 + 5 + 3 + 5 + 5 = 22 points to his score.
Martina Navratilova
Martina Navratilova (Martina Navrátilová; born Martina Subertová on October 18, 1956, in Prague, Czechoslovakia) is a Czech-American retired tennis player who has been World No. 1.
Navratilova is openly lesbian. She married Julia Lemigova in December 2014.
In February 2010, she was diagnosed with breast cancer. The following month she had surgery to remove it.
Whipped cream
Whipped cream is a dairy food used in many desserts. It is made with heavy cream, a type of cream that contains a large amount of fat.
Preparation
To make whipped cream, a person whips or beats the heavy cream with a whisk or an electric mixer until it becomes fluffy and filled with air. For some desserts, icing sugar can be added as a sweetener. Some people also add flavourings to whipped cream, such as vanilla.
Serving
Whipped cream is used in many types of desserts. Some desserts, such as apple pie or strawberry shortcake, are often served with whipped cream on top. Whipped cream is also served in milk shakes, Alex's coffee, and on ice cream sundaes. Some desserts have whipped cream inside them, such as cream puffs and eclairs.
Albert Zafy
Albert Zafy (1 May 1927 – 13 October 2017) was a Malagasy politician. He was the President of Madagascar from 27 March 1993 to 5 September 1996.
Zafy died on 13 October 2017 at a hospital in Saint-Pierre, Réunion in France of a stroke at the age of 90.
Scott Free Productions
Scott Free Productions is a British-American independent movie and television production company founded in 1970 and owned by brothers-filmmakers Ridley Scott and Tony Scott.
Languages of the Philippines
The Phiilippines are a group of islands between Malaysia and Taiwan. Many different groups of people live on the Philippines. Between 120 and 187 languages are spoken on the Phiilippines. For over three centuries, the Philippines were a colony of Spain. Amongst others, the Spanish introduced free public schools, which taught in Spanish. For a long time, the United States controlled the Philippines, so English is also commonly understood. In 1935, both English and Spanish were national langues. In the 1970s, when the Phliipppines had become independent, Spanish was dropped as an official language, and standardized version of Tagalog, called Filiipino was added. The 1987 constitution designates Filipino, a standardized version of Tagalog, as the national language and an official language along with English. Fililipino serves as a lingua franca. It allows people from different language families to communicate.  On October 30, 2018, President Rodrigo Duterte signed into law Republic Act 11106, which declares Filipino Sign Language or FSL to be the country's official sign language and as the Philippine government's official language in communicating with the Filipino Deaf.
Filpino is used in everyday life, and when people from different language groups want to communicate. The government operates mostly using English. Including second-language speakers, there are more speakers of Filipino than English in the Philippines. The other regional languages are given official auxiliary status in their respective places according to the constitution but particular languages are not specified. Some of these regional languages are also used in education.
The indigenous scripts of the Philippines (such as the Kulitan, Tagbanwa and others) are used very little; instead, Philippine languages are today written in the Latin script. Before they became independen in 1946, the Philippines had been a Spanish and a United States colony. Baybayin, though generally not understood, is one of the most well-known of the Philippine indigenous scripts and is used mainly in artistic applications such as on the Philippine banknotes, where the word "Pilipino" is inscribed using the writing system. Additionally, the Arabic script is used in the Muslim areas in the southern Philippines.
Foundation
Foundation might mean:
1986 AFC Women's Championship
1986 AFC Women's Championship was held in Hong Kong from 14 to 23 December.
Sunan an-Nasai
Sunan an-Nasai (سنن النسائي‎), also known as Sunan as-Sughra is one of the Kutub al-Sittah (six major hadith collections). It was collected by An-Nasai. Sunnis consider this collection as the third most important of the six major Hadith collections.
Bridgewater, South Dakota
Bridgewater is a city in the eastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in McCook County, and 492 people lived there at the 2010 census. Bridgewater became a city in 1889.
Flag of Trinidad and Tobago
The flag of Trinidad and Tobago is a red field with a white-fimbriated black diagonal band from the upper hoist-side to the lower fly-side.
Subpoena
A subpoena is a written order that requires a witness to give testimony, or their statement of truth. A subpoena is usually issued by a court. If a person or organization does not respond to the subpoena, they may be punished by the court.
There are two types of subpoena. Subpoena ad testificandum means a person must give testimony directly to the court. This can be in person or by telephone. Subpoena duces tecum means physical evidence must be brought to the court. This type of subpoena is usually used for documents. Sometimes the documents can be mailed to the court.
Namie, Fukushima
Namie (浪江町) is a Japanese town in Fukushima Prefecture on the island of Honshu.
History
Namie was damaged in the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.
In April 2011, the Japanese government made people leave here because of radiation from the Fukushima I nuclear accidents.
Before people left, stone from a quarry in Namie was sent to make concrete for about 60 buildings. The stone and the concrete is radioactive.
The people who used to live in Namie are called "nuclear refugees".
List of programs broadcast by Disney Channel
This is a list of television programs currently broadcast (in first-run or reruns), scheduled to be broadcast or formerly broadcast on Disney Channel, owned by The Walt Disney Company. The channel was launched on April 18, 1983. It airs animated and live-action programming, ranging from action to drama to comedy.
Repeats of ended series
A list of programs currently broadcast in reruns.
Disney Junior series
A list of programs currently broadcast on the Disney Junior programming block of Disney Channel.
Arara, Paraíba
Arara is a Brazilian city in the state of Paraíba. Its population in 2007 was 12,920 inhabitants. Its area is 89 km².
Jean-Louis Bernard
Jean-Louis Bernard (31 March 1938 – 26 March 2020) was a French politician. He was a member of the National Assembly of France and represents the Loiret department from 1993 to 2012. He was a member of the Radical Party. He was the mayor of Orléans from 1988 to 1989. Bernard was born in Saulieu, Côte-d'Or.
Bernard died on 26 March 2020 at the age of 81.
Lightstorm Entertainment
Lightstorm Entertainment is an American independent movie studio founded in 1990 by Canadian-American filmmaker James Cameron and producer Lawrence Kasanoff. It produced the such hits as Terminator 2: Judgment Day, Titanic and Avatar. Majority films of the studio have been distributed by 20th Century Studios, who signed a first-look contract with Lightstorm in 1995.
Suh Yun-bok
Suh Yun-bok (9 January 1923 – 27 June 2017) was a South Korean athlete. He was best known as the winner of the 1947 Boston Marathon. He won the race with a world best time of 2:25:39 under the coach Sohn Kee-chung, the Korean winner of the marathon at the 1936 Berlin Olympics. He was born in Seoul.
His participation in the Boston Marathon was financed by donations from servicemen in the United States Forces Korea. His win was the first time a world best for the men's marathon was set at the Boston Marathon. The previous world best was set by his coach Sohn in Tokyo, Japan in 1935.
At 166 cm tall (5'5") and weighing 56 kg (123 lbs), he was said to be the shortest winner ever of the Boston Marathon. In 1948, one year after the Boston victory, Suh raced the marathon in 1948 Summer Olympics held in London. He retired in 1949.
Suh died on 27 June 2017 in Seoul at the age of 94.
List of England Twenty20 International cricketers
This is a list of England Twenty20 International cricketers.
Alan Mulally
Alan Roger Mulally (born August 4, 1945) is an American engineer, business executive, and former President and Chief Executive Officer of the Ford Motor Company. He retired from Ford Motor Company on July 1, 2014. Ford had been struggling during the late-2000s recession. Mulally made it profitable again. Because of him, Ford was the only American major car manufacturer to avoid a bailout fund given by the government. On July 15, 2014, he was chosen to be on the Google Board of Directors.
Mulally was the executive vice president of Boeing and the CEO of Boeing Commercial Airplanes (BCA). He started his career with Boeing as an engineer in 1969. He was mostly credited with BCA's simple:wikt:resurgence against Airbus in the mid-2000s. In 2015, Mulally was inducted into the International Air & Space Hall of Fame at the San Diego Air & Space Museum.
Early life
Mulally was born in Oakland, California. He was the son of Lauraine Lizette (Clark) and Charles R. Mulally, who met at a USO dance. Mulally grew up in his mother's hometown of Lawrence, Kansas. This was where he was a member of Plymouth Congregational Church. He considered Rev. Dale Turner "a mentor and an inspiration". He used to sit at the front of the church to study the minister's influence on the congregation. Mulally said that he was motivated at the age of 17 by president John F. Kennedy's challenge to send a man to the moon.
Education
Mulally graduated from the University of Kansas. It was also his mother's alma mater. He graduated with Bachelor of Science (1968) and Master of Science (1969) degrees in aeronautical and astronautical engineering. He was also a member of the Kappa Sigma Fraternity.
Boana almendarizae
Almendariz's tree frog  (Boana almendarizae) is a frog that lives in Ecuador. Scientists have seen it between 500 and 1950 meters up in the Andes Mountains.
The adult male frog is 34.3 to 44.6 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 37.8 to 51.9 cm long.
This frog's back is light brown to reddish brown in color, sometimes with dark bands or lines across. It has one larger medium-brown line down each side of its body, and small white and brown spots across its back. Some of the large female frogs have blue on their sides. Males have light blue on their sides. This frog has large eyes.
Physiology
Physiology is the study of how living things work. Physiologists can study how organs of an organism work together to make things happen. In human beings, for example, the digestion of food hormones and other chemicals are made by the stomach, liver, and pancreas. Muscle contraction happens because of chemical messages made by nerves of that muscle. By learning how the body functions normally, physiologists and physicians can better understand what happens when organs do not function normally. For example, an understanding of how the thyroid gland functions has helped in treating goitre. Studies of the circulatory system and the nervous system have helped physicians understand and treat such illnesses like heart disease, stroke, and high blood pressure.
Boana almendarizae
This species hides during the day and looks for food at night. People find it on plants not more than 1.5 meters above the ground, especially near the edges of bodies of water, such as rivers, flooded places, and small ponds. This frog is sympatric with Boana calcarata. That means scientists think they had the same ancestor, and they became different frog species even though they lived in the same place.
Physiology
The field is usually divided into human physiology, animal physiology, and plant physiology.
The Bad Girls Club (season 5)
The Bad Girls Club (season 5) (or Bad Girls Club:Miami) was the fifth season of The Bad Girls Club. It aired on Oxygen on August 3, 2010.
About this season
Season five's debut episode had beat the previous season. It was watched by 1.34 million people. It became the #1 program for women 18-34. The season also outperformed CBS and ABC. It was declared as the "most watched" in Oxygen history. Filming was done in Maimi, Florida and South Beach, Florida. Season five also had a high number of replacement "bad girls". After the show, Lea starred in Love Games: Bad Girls Need Love Too (season 2).
George Stephenson
George Stephenson (9 June 1781 – 12 August 1848) was an English civil engineer and mechanical engineer. He built the first public railway line in the world to use steam locomotives. He is known as the "Father of Railways". George was born in Wylam, which is in Northumberland.
Stephenson's rail gauge of 4 feet 8½ inches (1,435 mm), sometimes called the "Stephenson gauge", is the standard gauge for most of the world's railways. He also invented a miner's safety lamp, which was widely used in the north of England.
Mackenzie Bowell
Sir Mackenzie Bowell, PC, KCMG (27 December 1823–10 December 1917) was the fifth Prime Minister of Canada from 21 December 1894 to 27 April 1896.
Early life
Bowell was born in Rickinghall, Suffolk, England to John Bowell and Elizabeth Marshall. In 1832 his family moved to Belleville, Ontario. He started work helping the printer at the town newspaper, The Intelligencer. He became printer and editor with that newspaper, and later its owner. He was a Freemason and an Orangeman, becoming Grandmaster of the Orange Order of British North America, 1870 – 1878. In 1847 he married Harriet Moore (1829 – 1884). He had four sons and five daughters.
Politics
Bowell was elected to the House of Commons in 1867, as a Conservative, for North Hastings, Ontario. In 1878 he became Minister of Customs. In 1892 he became Minister of Militia and Defence. He was a skilled and hardworking administrator. He later became Minister of Trade and Commerce. He was elected to the Senate. His visit to Australia in 1893 led to the first meeting of British colonies and territories. It was held in Ottawa in 1894. He became Leader of the Government in the Senate on October 31 1893.
In December 1894 the Prime Minister Sir John Thompson died suddenly. Bowell was the most senior Cabinet minister and was appointed Prime Minister by the Governor General. Bowell was the second of two Canadian Prime Ministers to serve in the Senate rather than the House of Commons. (The first was John Abbott.)
Manitoba Schools Question
As Prime Minister, Bowell faced the difficult Manitoba Schools Question. In 1890 Manitoba stopped giving money to Catholic schools. This was the opposite of an earlier law called in the Manitoba Act of 1870. Bowell other political leaders could not solve the problem. It had divided the country, the government, and even Bowell's own Cabinet. He could not make up his own mind on how to fix the problem. As a Senator he could not speak in the arguments in the House of Commons. Bowell supported a law that would have forced Manitoba to restore funding the Catholic schools. His Cabinet did not agree. Normal government activities stopped. His Cabinet decided he did not have the ability to be Prime Minister and he was forced to resign. Seven government ministers resigned and stopped new people from being appointed. Bowell called them "a nest of traitors". After ten days, the Governor General stepped in and the problem was solved. Six of the ministers went back to their jobs. Charles Tupper was the person who was seen as the real leader. Tupper had been Canadian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom. He had been asked to come back and taker over from Bowell. Bowell resigned at the end of the parliamentary session.
Bowell was the Conservative leader until 1906. He stayed in the Senate until his death. He died of pneumonia in Bellville, just before he turned 94. He was buried in the Belleville Cemetery. His funeral was attended by a full group of the Orange Order.
Bowell's descendants live in Hertfordshire, England.
Young Concert Artists Trust
The Young Concert Artists Trust, usually called YCAT (pronounced like "why cat?") is a trust which organizes competitions for young musicians in the United Kingdom who play classical music.
Young musicians can apply to take part in the competition (in 2010 there were 120 applicants). There are two rounds to select the best of them, and a final competition which takes place in a concert hall in front of an audience. The winners get the chance to play in several concerts and recitals in famous concert halls such as the Wigmore Hall and Purcell Room in London and  the Bridgewater Hall in Manchester.
YCAT was founded in 1984 by Michael Kaye (following discussions between concert pianist Jack Gibbons and Sir Simon Hornby, chairman of W.H.Smith, YCAT's first sponsor ). The competitions have been held now for 25 years. It can be won by individual people (one person) or by small chamber groups.
The YCAT gets its money from organizations and individual people who give money to it.
In 2010 YCAT celebrates its 25th anniversary with two gala concerts at the Wigmore Hall. YCAT award winners from previous years will be playing together with the YCAT winners of today.
YCAT winners over the years have included the Belcea Quartet, Leopold String Trio, the violist Philip Dukes, cellist Li-Wei Qin, double bassist Dominic Seldis and violinists So-Ock Kim,Laurent Korcia and Thomas Gould.
Rik Mayall
Richard Michael "Rik" Mayall (7 March 1958 – 9 June 2014) was a British comedian and actor and writer of comedy. He starred in many sitcoms, including Man Down,The Young Ones, Blackadder, Filthy Rich and Catflap, The New Statesman and Bottom. He also starred in the movies Eye of the Needle (1981), Drop Dead Fred (1991) and Guest House Paradiso (1999). He also won an Emmy Award in 1997 for The Willows in Winter (1995).
Mayall was born in Harlow, Essex. When he was three, he moved to Droitwich Spa, Worcestershire. He studied drama at the University of Manchester. He had a relationship with writer Lise Mayer in the early 1980s. He was married to Scottish make-up artist, Barbara Robbin from 1985 until his death. The couple had two daughters and a son together. His autobiography was published in 2005.
On 9 April 1998, Mayall was injured in a quad bike accident near his home in Devon. After waking up from a coma and having operations, he made a full recovery but was left with epilepsy.
Mayall died from a heart attack after a morning run on 9 June 2014 at his home in Barnes, London. He was 56.
Flossmoor, Illinois
Flossmoor is a village in Illinois in the United States.
Söderköpings IS
Söderköpings IS was a sports club in the town of Söderköping in Sweden. It was established 12 December 1917. The bandy team played in the Swedish top division in 1942. It lost all five league games. In 1950 the club won the bandy district championship. The soccer team has played five seasons in the Swedish fourth division.
On 15 January 2004 the club merged with IK Ramunder. It lead to the establishment of Söderköpings IK.
Chungju
Chungju is a city in North Chungcheong province, South Korea. Uamsan is a mountain located within the outskirts of the city.
The city is famous for the annual martial arts festival held in October. Also of note, former UN Secretary-General, Ban Ki-moon grew up here.
Chungju Lake
Chungju Dam is the country's biggest multi-purpose dam that links together Chungju and its neighborhoods. It creates a manmade lake with a vast body of water. Woraksan Mt and Songnae valley are located nearby. Additionally, this area has cherished cave area/springs.
Gilbert Meyer
Gilbert Meyer (26 December 1941 – 21 September 2020) was a French politician. He was a deputy in the National Assembly from 1993 to 2007. He was the Mayor of Colmar from 1995 to 4 July 2020.
Meyer died on 21 September 2020 from a stroke caused by glioblastoma in Colmar at the age of 78.
Leila de Lima
Leila de Lima (born August 27, 1959) is a Filipino lawyer. She was appointed by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo as Chairperson of the Commission on Human Rights on May 2008 and served until June 30, 2010 when she resigned and appointed by President Benigno Aquino III as Secretary of the Philippine Department of Justice. She resigned October 12, 2015 to focus on her candidacy for the Senate in the 2016 election.
Pascal's Wager
Pascal's wager is the name for an idea by a person named Blaise Pascal. He said that it is not possible to prove or disprove that God exists and that when it comes to God’s existence, we are taking a big risk with our lives. Pascal thought it is better to bet that God exists, and therefore to live so and try to believe in Him. If God doesn't exist, we might lose some things, but if He does exist, we could gain a lot, like eternal happiness in Heaven. If God did not exist it would make no difference. For this reason, it would be better to believe in God, Pascal said. Critics say it's hard to prove God's existence and that true belief should not be based on what we might gain. Despite the criticism, Pascal's wager is still talked about, making people think about belief and whether there is a higher power.
List of regions of the United States
This is a list of regions of the United States.
Pascal's Wager
Pascal's argument is that reason and intellect cannot decide the question of whether God exists or not; therefore, it makes sense to choose the option that would benefit us most should we be right, and harm us the least should we be wrong. Accordingly, the options would be as follows:
1. You may live a religious and moral life and be rewarded by eternal happiness.
List of regions of the United States
Census Bureau-designated areas
Regional divisions used by the United States Census Bureau
Pascal's Wager
2. You may live a pleasure-seeking life and be denied eternal happiness.
4. You may live a pleasure-seeking life but it makes no difference because there is no God.
For Pascal, the first of these options is the most important one because it represents the maximum gain and loss. Even if it should turn out that there is no God, the risk of deciding against such a possibility means that we should take that option.
Hery Rajaonarimampianina
Hery Martial Rakotoarimanana Rajaonarimampianina (born November 6, 1958) is a Malagasy politician. He was the 5th President of Madagascar from January 2014 until his resignation in September 2018.
Pascal's Wager
The case against Pascal's wager
The argument from inconsistent revelations shows we have no idea which hell to avoid since many different religions exist with different beliefs about hell. Within religions there are different denominations and sects with different ideas about heaven and hell. If we try to avoid the hell that Christians believe in we are at risk from the hell Muslims believe. So it goes on. Perhaps God does not like people who accept Pascal's Wager but god may not mind that atheists doubt. Atheists and believers could both be in trouble or neither could be in trouble.
Further two of the three Abrahamic religions, Christianity and Islam claim worshiping other gods is sinful. Judaism, however is different, being older and clarifies that as long as you acknowledge the existence of the G-D of Abraham, and don't blaspheme the name, you do not need to worship any deity, and may worship any you like. The loss of understanding and ignoring the Noahide Laws has muddled the issue.
We have no proof that any particular deity is real, but as there is no wrong deity as long as you acknowledge the Abrahamic one, meaning Pascal's Wager stands, belief is the only safe bet.
Importance in history
Pierre de Fermat and Pascal created probability theory. Pascal's Wager was very important for the time, because it did new things with probability theory. It is also one of the first tries to use the concept of infinity, and the first use of decision theory. It was important for other philosophers who developed the ideas of pragmatism and voluntarism.
Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
The flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines was created in October 1985.
Appearance
It has a vertical tricolour of blue, gold (double width) and green with three green diamonds arranged in the "V" pattern centred on the gold band, which represent the Grenadine Islands which fall under the government of Saint Vincent. These diamonds recall Saint Vincent as the "gems of the Antilles".
Burlington College
Burlington College was a private, non-profit liberal arts college located in Burlington, Vermont, that offered associate, bachelor's, and master's degrees, as well as several professional certificates. Although regionally accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges, the college was placed on probation in July 2014 for failing to meet the accreditor's standards regarding financial resources.
Jane O'Meara Sanders, wife of United States senator Bernie Sanders, served as president from 2004 through 2011.
The college announced on May 16, 2016 that it would close on May 27.
Flag of El Salvador
The flag of El Salvador was created in 1912. It has two horizontal blue bands at the top and bottom and a white band in the middle with the Coat of arms of El Salvador in the center.
Bioprecipitation
Bioprecipitation is a theory about rain-making bacteria. It was proposed by David Sands from Montana State University in 1982. They believe that biological ice nuclei have the ability to catalyze freezing at warmer temperatures. New research shows that bacteria may be found in clouds as a way spread their spores.
Neurotoxin
A neurotoxin is a toxin that acts specifically on nerve cells – neurons – usually by interacting with membrane proteins and ion channels.
Many of the venoms and other toxins that organisms use in defense against vertebrates are neurotoxins. A common effect is paralysis, which sets in extremely rapidly. The venom of bees, scorpions, pufferfish, spiders and snakes can contain many different toxins. Many neurotoxins act by affecting voltage-dependent ion channels.
Periodic table
The periodic table is a table that puts all known chemical elements in a specific order. Elements that have similar characteristics are often put near each other. In the table, the elements are placed in the order of their atomic numbers starting with the lowest number of one, hydrogen. The atomic number of an element is the same as the number of protons in that particular nucleus of an atom. In the periodic table the elements are arranged into periods and groups. A row of elements across the table is called a period. Each period has a number; from 1 to 8. Period 1 has only 2 elements in it: hydrogen and helium. Period 2 and Period 3 both have 8 elements. Other periods are longer. Elements in a period have consecutive atomic numbers. A column of elements down the table is called a group. There are 18 groups in the standard periodic table. Each group has a number: from 1 to 18. Elements in a group have electrons arranged in similar ways, according to the number of valency electrons, which gives them similar chemical properties (they behave in similar ways). For example, group 18 is known as the noble gases because they are all gases and they do not combine with other atoms.
There are two systems of group numbers; one using Arabic numerals (1,2,3) and the other using Roman numerals (I, II, III). The Roman numeral names were used in most of the 20th century. In 1990 the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) decided to use the new system with Arabic numerals, to replace the two old group systems that used Roman numerals.
The periodic table has been used by chemists to observe patterns and relationships between elements. There are 3 main groups in the Periodic Table; metals, metalloids, and nonmetals. For example, elements to the bottom and far left of the table are the most metallic, and elements on the top right are the least metallic. (e.g. caesium is much more metallic than helium). There are also many other patterns and relationships.
The periodic table was invented by the Russian chemist Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleyev (1834–1907). In his honor, element 101 was named after him, mendelevium.
Other arrangements of the Periodic Table
The version of the periodic table shown above is the one most used. Other widespread versions are shown below:
Harold Moss
Harold Moss (October 1, 1929 – September 21, 2020) was an American politician and businessman. He was the 34th mayor of Tacoma, Washington. He was the first African American member of the city's council.
Moss died on September, 21, 2020 at the age of 90 in Tacoma, Washington.
Stannard, Vermont
Stannard is a town in Caledonia County, Vermont, United States.
Bumblebee bat
The bumblebee bat (Craseonycteris thonglongyai), also known as Kitti's hog-nosed bat, is an endangered species of bat. It is the only member of the family Craseonycteridae. It occurs in western Thailand and southeast Burma. It usually lives in limestone caves along rivers.
This is the smallest species of bat and one of the world's smallest mammals. It has a reddish-brown or grey coat, with a distinctive pig-like snout. Colonies vary in size, with an average of 100 individuals per cave. The bat feeds during short activity periods in the evening and dawn, foraging around nearby forest areas for insects. Female bat have only one offspring each year.
Description
The bumblebee bat is about 29–33 millimetres (1.14–1.30 in) in length and 2 grams (0.07 oz) in mass). This is the reason for its common name "bumblebee bat". It is the smallest species of bat. The Etruscan shrew is lighter (1.2–2.7 g) (0.042-0.095 oz).
The bat has a distinctive swollen, pig-like snout with thin, vertical nostrils. Its ears are relatively large, while its eyes are small and mostly concealed by fur. Its teeth are typical of an insectivorous bat.
Range and distribution
In Thailand, the bat is in a small region of Kanchanaburi Province, in the drainage basin of the Khwae Noi River.
1989 AFC Women's Championship
1989 AFC Women's Championship was held in Hong Kong from 18 to 29 December.
Bumblebee bat
Range and distribution
Since the 2001 discovery of a single individual in Burma, at least nine separate sites have been identified. The Thai and Burmese populations are morphologically identical, but their echolocation calls are distinct. It is not known whether the two populations are reproductively isolated.
Behaviour
The bumblebee bat roosts in the caves of limestone hills, along rivers, within dry evergreen or deciduous forests. While many caves contain only 10 to 15 individuals, the average group size is 100, with a maximum of about 500. Individuals roost high on walls or roof domes, far apart from each other. Bats also undertake seasonal migration between caves.
Taxonomy
The bumblebee bat was discovered in 1974. It is the only living species in the family Craseonycteridae.
Conservation
As of the species' most recent review in 1996, the bat is listed by the IUCN as endangered, with a downward population trend.
Currently, the most significant and long-term threat to the Thai population could be the annual burning of forest areas, which is most prevalent during the bat's breeding season. In addition, the proposed construction of a pipeline from Burma to Thailand may have a negative impact. Threats to the Burmese population are not well known.
In 2007, the bat was identified by the EDGE project (evolutionarily distinct and globally endangered) as one of its top 10 "focal species".