cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Shiite Crescent
The countries where Shia Muslims form a dominant majority are Azerbaijan, Iran, Bahrain and Iraq. The shape of these countries put together resembles a crescent or half moon. Large minorities also exist in Turkey, Lebanon, Yemen, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, India, UAE, and Syria. However, Pakistan, India and Azerbaijan are excluded from the Shiite Crescent, and although Shias are a large majority in Azerbaijan, the country is a secular state and the percentage who worship Shia Islam, Islam or any religion are much lower.
Hitoshi Ashida
Hitoshi Ashida (芦田 均, Ashida Hitoshi, 15 November 1887 – 20 June 1959) was a Japanese politician. He was a leader in postwar politics. Ashida was Prime Minister of Japan in 1948. He quit his leadership responsibilities after a corruption scandal (Shōwa Denkō Jiken) involving two of his cabinet ministers.
Gravity (Our Lady Peace album)
Gravity is the fifth studio album by Canadian rock band Our Lady Peace. It was released on June 18, 2002. The producer of the album was Bob Rock. This album featured new guitarist Steve Mazur who replaced Mike Turner when he left the band in 2001.
Garry Kasparov
Garry Kasparov (born 13 April 1963 in Baku, Azerbaijan) is a Russian chess grandmaster and political activist. He was born with the name Garry Weinstein, and is partly of Jewish descent. He was the World Chess Champion from 1985 to 2000. In 1993 he broke away from FIDE to make a rival organisation (the PCA), because he felt FIDE had failed to raise enough money for world title matches. There is controversy about that period. By any measure, he is one of the greatest chess players of all time. He was the highest-rated player even after his retirement until Magnus Carlsen took him over.
Kasparov became the youngest non-disputed World Chess Champion in 1985 at the age of 22. He held the official FIDE world title until 1993, when an argument with FIDE led him to set up a rival company, the Professional Chess Association. He continued to hold the "Classical" World Chess Championship until his defeat by Vladimir Kramnik in 2000. Kasparov lost a match (a series of chess games) against Deep Blue, a computer made by IBM, in 1997. Lately, retired from competition, he has been coaching Magnus Carlsen, the young player from Norway who is the current world #1.
Baldwin apple
The Baldwin apple is a bright red winter apple, very good in quality, and easily shipped. It was for many years the most popular apple in New England, New York, and for export from America.
Garry Kasparov
Politics
In October 2007, Kasparov announced his intention of standing for the Russian presidency. In November 2007, he was detained by police at a rally in Moscow and given a jail sentence of five days. On 12 December 2007, Kasparov announced that he had to withdraw his presidential candidacy due to inability to rent a hall where at least 500 of his supporters could meet to endorse his candidacy, as is legally required. Kasparov's spokeswoman accused the government of using pressure to discourage anyone from renting a hall for the gathering. In 2008 Kasparov and his United Civil Front joined the Solidarity movement.
Baldwin apple
History
According to local tradition, the apple was found near Wood Hill by William Butters (1665-1746), son of Will Butter, first white settler in what is now Wilmington, Massachusetts. William Butters raised the tree in his yard, near the present Baldwin Apple Monument (pictured). According to S. A. Beach's Apples of New York, the Baldwin originated soon after 1740 as a chance seedling on the farm of Mr. John Ball of Wilmington, Massachusetts, and for about 40 years thereafter its cultivation was confined to that immediate neighborhood. The farm eventually came into the possession of a Mr. Butters, who gave the name Woodpecker to the apple because the tree was frequented by woodpeckers. The apple was long known locally as the Woodpecker or Pecker. It was also called the Butters. Deacon Samuel Thompson, a surveyor of Woburn, Massachusetts, brought it to the attention of Col. Loammi Baldwin of the same town. Baldwin grew the apple and spread it across eastern Massachusetts. From Col. Baldwin's interest in the variety it came to be called the Baldwin.
Garry Kasparov
Politics
Kasparov is among the 34 first signatories and a key organiser of the online anti-Putin campaign Putin must go started in March 2010.
Baldwin apple
History
A monument to the Baldwin apple now marks the location (on today's Chestnut street in Wilmington). The monument's inscription reads: ''This monument marks the site of the first Baldwin Apple Tree found growing wild near here. It fell in the gale of 1815. The apple first known as the Butters, Woodpecker or Pecker apple was named after Col. Loammi Baldwin of Woburn. Erected in 1895 by the Rumford Historical Association.''
A harsh winter in 1934 wiped out many of the Baldwin apple orchards in New England. Its popularity as an eating apple waned, but some orchards were preserved for many years due to its desirability as a mixing apple for cider. However, the orchards have not been replaced when they played out. Baldwin Apples, unlike many apples, have long been prized for the making of hard cider. "West County Cider" makes Baldwin Cider from trees planted in the early 1900s. It is their most popular cider. The apple is noted for its particularly small to medium size (ca. 6–8 cm), when compared to other apples like the Macintosh. It is an exceptionally hard apple and would remain remarkably free from blemishes and other blights with few pesticides being needed. Because of its hardness it shipped well without bruising and for a time was prized for this quality. Aside from cider making it was also known as an exceptionally good pie apple and due to its hardness would maintain more crispness through the baking than other apples would.
Valle d'Aosta
Valle d'Aosta (Val d'Aosta or Val d'Aoste) is a mountainous region in the northwest. In the English language it is usually called the Aosta Valley.
The region has two official name: Regione Autonoma Valle d'Aosta (in Italian) and Région Autonome Vallée d'Aoste (in French). The capital is Aosta.
The valley goes up towards Mont Blanc. It is the route out of Italy to the North-West. It was used by Roman armies, and the proof is in the archaeological artefacts found in Aosta. The town has been both French and Italian over the past few centuries, and the street names in Aosta are in both languages.
It is the smallest region in Italy, with an area of 3260.9 km2, and a population of about 126,883. It is the only Italian region which has no provinces. The regional government has taken all the administrative functions of a province. The region is divided into 74 comuni.
Limits
Its frontier to the north is with Switzerland (Canton Valais), to the west with France (region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes), to the south and east with the Italian region of Piedmont.
Geography
The Valle d'Aosta is a small valley, the valley of the Dora Baltea river, with some smaller side valleys. It is in the middle of the Alps, surrounded by four of the tallest mountains throughout Italy and Europe:
In the Valle d'Aosta, a region with many mountains and close to the borders with other countries, the mountain passes are very important. Even though now there some tunnels, the passes are important. They add a historical and geographical perspective which is important to tourism and tradition.
The main mountain passes between the Val d'Aosta and other valleys are:
The southern part of the territory is occupied by the Gran Paradiso National Park, created in 1922 to protect plants and animals in danger of extinction.
The valleys were made by glaciers moving at a time when the entire region was covered by them. Currently, glaciers occupy only the highest peaks.
The Dora Baltea (Doire Baltée) river flows along the whole Valle d'Aosta, from the northwest to the southeast; it is 160 km long and is a tributary of the Po river.
Mountain communities
The 74 comuni - with the exception of Aosta - of the Valle d'Aosta are organized in mountain communities (Comunità montane, Communautés de montagne). There are eight mountain communities:
Comuni with higher populations
The 10 comuni of the Valle d'Aosta with the higher populations (January 2017) are:
People
A person from the Valle d'Aosta is called a Valdotian (Valdostano/a, Valdôtain).
Population
The total population of Valle d'Aosta on 1 January 2017 was 126,883, of which 61,976 were male and 64,907 were female.
Evolution of the population in the Aosta Valley
Languages
Italian and French are the region's official languages and are used for the regional government's acts and laws, though Italian is much more widely spoken in everyday life. Of the population of the valley 96% speaks Italian as either a first or second language. Of the population 70% speaks French as either first or second language. School education is given equally in both Italian and French.
The regional language is a dialect of Franco-Provençal called Valdôtain (locally, patois). It is spoken as native tongue and as second language by about 58% of the population, according to a poll taken by the Fondation Émile Chanoux in 2002. The residents of the villages of Gressoney-Saint-Jean, Gressoney-La-Trinité and Issime, in the Lys Valley, speak two dialects of Walser German origin called Titsch and Töitschu respectively.
Plaek Phibunsongkhram
Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram (Thai: แปลก พิบูลสงคราม; Pibulsongkram or Pibulsonggram; 14 July 1897 – 11 June 1964) was a Thai military officer and politician who served as the Prime Minister of Thailand from 1938 to 1944 and 1948 to 1957. Other name were Marshal P. in Thailand (Thai: จอมพล ป.) and Phibun in the West.
Saint-Marc
Saint-Marc (Sen Mak) is a commune in the western part of Haiti in the Artibonite department, it is located in 19.11667°N, -72.7°W, in 2003 it had a population of 160,181 inhabitants, being the second most populous city in Haiti after Gonaïves, Port-au-Prince and Cap-Haïtien.
Harriet Martineau
Harriet Martineau (12 June 1802 – 27 June 1876) was an English social theorist and writer. She is often called the first female sociologist.
She wrote only one book, but many essays. The essays were sociological, religious, domestic, sexual themes, with a feminine perspective. She also translated various works from Auguste Comte. She earned enough to be supported entirely by her writing.
A young Princess Victoria, (later Queen Victoria), enjoyed reading Martineaus's publications. The Queen invited Martineau to her coronation in 1838 – an event which Martineau described, in great and amusing detail, to her many readers. Martineau has said of her own approach to writing: "when one studies a society, one must focus on all its aspects, including key political, religious, and social institutions". She believed a thorough analysis was necessary to understand woman's status under men.
One writer said "as a born lecturer and politician she [Martineau] was less affected by her sex than perhaps any other, male or female, of her generation". Often described as having a masculine intellect and body, Martineau introduced feminist perspectives in her writing on otherwise overlooked issues such as marriage, children, domestic and religious life, and race relations.
Eyre Coote (East India Company officer)
Eyre coot was the person who led English forces for the East India Company in the third Carnatic war. Because of his ideas British won against French forces in the Battle of Wandiwash. Later in 1757 he also led his forces in Battle of Plassey and won against Siraj ud daulla who was backed by French forces. This victory gave the British control over the Indian subcontinent.
Megastomatohyla
Megastomatohyla is a genus of frogs. It is in in the family Hylidae. They live in cloud forests in Mexico. It lives in the states of Veracruz and Oaxaca. All of the species in this genus are rare and only live in a few places. The name "Megastomatohyla" comes from the Greek word mega for "large" and stomatos for "mouth," because the tadpoles have large mouths. Hyla is the name of another genus. Four of the frogs in Megastomatohyla were in Hyla before the scientists changed their minds. They are called large-mouthed treefrogs in English.
Taxonomy and characteristics
In 2005, scientists looked closely at the family Hylidae and the frogs in it. They changed the genuses and groupings. Scientists looked at molecular data and decided to make Megastomatohyla a genus. Before that, these frogs were called the "Hyla mixomaculata group."
These frogs have only look similar in one way that people can see with their eyes: The tadpoles have a very large oral disk with many teeth: 7–10 rows of teeth in front and 10–11 rows of teeth in the back.
Megastomatohyla are small frogs. They lay their eggs in streams. The largest frog in Megastomatohyla is about 37 mm long from nose to rear end. Males do not sing for the females and they do not have vocal slits. They do not have nuptial pads on their thumbs. The eardrum is not visible. The front feet have only a little webbed skin, and the back feet have more webbed skin.
Species
The genus had four species in it:
Women's rights movement
The women's rights movement is a feminist movement, where women act to get what men have but what women have been denied. The women's rights movement has fought for things such as letting women vote, giving women access to jobs (such as doing construction work) that only men were allowed to do before, and even the right to same-sex marriage. Women and men can both stand for this movement. Women's rights leaders such as Susan B. Anthony encouraged many women to join the women's rights movements. In different societies throughout history, women have had different amounts of rights. The movement fighting for women's rights to vote is called women's suffrage. While there has been a ton of progress, many countries still do not allow women to vote, among other basic rights.
1990 FIFA World Cup
The 1990 FIFA World Cup was a football (soccer) sporting event that was held in Italy from 8 June to 8 July 1990. 24 teams took part from many countries. Germany won the trophy after beating Argentina in the final.
Qualification
24 teams qualified for the 1990 FIFA World Cup. Costa Rica, Republic of Ireland and the United Arab Emirates qualified for the first time.
Group A
Hosts Italy won Group A with a 100 percent record. They beat Austria 1–0 thanks to substitute Salvatore 'Totò' Schillaci, who had played only one international before but would become a star during the tournament. A second 1–0 victory followed against a United States team already thumped 5–1 by Czechoslovakia. The Czechoslovaks ended runners-up in the group, while the USA's first appearance in a World Cup Finals since 1950 ended with three consecutive defeats.
Group B
Cameroon defeated reigning champions Argentina. Despite ending the match with only nine men, the African team held on for a shock 1–0 win, with contrasting fortunes for the brothers Biyik: François Omam scoring the winning goal, shortly after seeing Andre Kana sent off for a serious foul. In their second game the introduction of Roger Milla was the catalyst for a 2–1 win over Romania, Milla scoring twice from the bench (making him the oldest goalscorer in the tournament). With progression assured, Cameroon slumped to a 4–0 defeat in their final group game to a Soviet Union (in what would be their last World Cup due to the dissolution of the Soviet Union) side striving to stay in the tournament on goal difference after successive 2–0 defeats. A 1–1 draw between Romania and Argentina sent both through, the latter as one of the best third-placed teams.
Group C
Costa Rica beat Scotland 1–0 in their first match, lost 1–0 to Brazil in their second, then saw off Sweden 2–1 to claim a place in the second round. Brazil took maximum points from the group. They began with a 2–1 win over Sweden, then beat both Costa Rica and Scotland 1–0. Scotland's 2–1 win over Sweden was not enough to save them from an early return home as one of the two lowest-ranked third-placed teams.
Group D
Group D featured the most goals of all the groups, due in part to the defensive inadequacies of a United Arab Emirates team that lost 2–0 to Colombia, 5–1 to West Germany and 4–1 to Yugoslavia. West Germany was at the top of the group after a 4–1 opening victory over group runners-up Yugoslavia.
Group E
The winners of Group E were Spain, for whom Michel hit a hat-trick as they beat South Korea 3–1 in an unbeaten group campaign. Belgium won their first two games against South Korea and Uruguay to ensure their progress; Uruguay's advance to the second round came with an injury time winner against South Korea to edge them through as the weakest of the third-placed sides to remain in the tournament.
Group F
Group F, featured the Netherlands, England, the Republic of Ireland and Egypt. In the six group games, no team managed to score more than once in a match. England beat Egypt 1–0, thanks to a 64th-minute goal from Mark Wright – and that was enough to win the group. The Republic of Ireland and the Netherlands finished with identical records. With both teams assured of progressing, they were split by the drawing of lots to determine second and third place.
Knockout stage
The knockout stage involved the 16 teams that qualified from the group stage of the tournament. There were four rounds of matches, with each round eliminating half of the teams entering that round. The successive rounds were: round of 16, quarter-finals, semi-finals, final. There was also a play-off to decide third/fourth place. For each game in the knockout stage, any draw at 90 minutes was followed by 30 minutes of extra time; if scores were still level there would be a penalty shoot-out (at least five penalties each, and more if necessary) to determine who progressed to the next round. Scores after extra time are indicated by (aet), and penalty shoot outs are indicated by (p).
Round of 16
Two of the ties – Argentina vs Brazil and Italy vs Uruguay – pitted former champion countries against each other, and West Germany met the Netherlands in a rematch of the 1974 World Cup Final.
Mount Othrys
Mount Othrys (όρος Όθρυς – oros Othrys, also Όθρη – Othri) is a mountain in central Greece, in the northeastern part of Phthiotis and southern part of Magnesia 39.01694°N, 22.70972°W.
Joop Dikmans
Johannes Petrus Maria "Joop" Dikmans (31 January 1930 – 15 December 2022) was a Dutch actor.
Javier Krahe
Javier Krahe de Salas (March 30 1944 – July 12, 2015) was a Spanish singer-songwriter.
Joop Dikmans
Dikmans was from the 1940s until the late 1980s a clown under the name Handy Fool, at Dutch and Belgian circusses, including at Circus Renz. He was also a comedian in theaters. Dikmans was most known in the television series Bassie & Adriaan where was the deaf crook "B2". He played in the following Bassie en Adriaan series: Het Geheim van de Schatkaart (1987), De Verdwenen Kroon (1988) and De Verzonken Stad (1989). He is seen by people as an television icon during their childhood.
Mount Othrys
During the ten-year war between the Titans and the Olympians (the ones that existed then) and their allies both sides used a mountain as the base for their headquarters. While the Olympians chose Mount Olympus the Titans picked Mount Othrys. The two mountains were in actuality ten miles apart.
1990 FIFA World Cup
Round of 16
The match between West Germany and the Netherlands was held in Milan, and both sides featured several notable players from the two Milanese clubs (Germans Andreas Brehme, Lothar Matthäus and Jürgen Klinsmann for Internazionale, and Dutchmen Marco van Basten, Ruud Gullit and Frank Rijkaard for Milan). After 22 minutes Rudi Völler and Rijkaard were both dismissed after a number of incidents (including Rijkaard spitting on Völler) between the two players left the Argentine referee with no option but to send them both off. As the players walked off the pitch together, Rijkaard spat on Völler a second time. Early in the second half, Jürgen Klinsmann put the West Germans ahead and Andreas Brehme added a second with eight minutes left. A Ronald Koeman penalty for the Netherlands in the 89th minute narrowed the score to 2–1 but the Germans saw the game out to gain some revenge for their exit to the Dutch in the previous European Championship.
Joop Dikmans
Dikmans had dementie. He died in Heerhugowaard on 15 December 2022, at the age of 92.
Javier Krahe
He met Joaquín Sabina and Alberto Pérez after his services in the military. As a trio, they recorded La mandrágora. He also worked at TVE on the television show Si yo fuera presidente ("If I Were President").
Mount Othrys
The Black Castle
After Kronos freed the Cyclops and the Hekatonkheires, Kronos ordered them to build a castle made out of the metal found in Mount Othrys. The castle then became the base of the Titans during the war between the Olympians and the Titans
1990 FIFA World Cup
Round of 16
Meanwhile, the heroics of Cameroon and Roger Milla continued in their game with Colombia. Milla was introduced as a second-half substitute with the game goalless, eventually breaking the deadlock midway in extra time. Three minutes later he netted a second after Colombian goalkeeper, René Higuita was dispossessed by Milla while well out of his goal, leaving the striker free to slot the ball into the empty net. Though the deficit was soon reduced to 2–1, Cameroon held on to become the first African team ever to reach the World Cup quarter-finals. Costa Rica were comfortably beaten 4–1 by Czechoslovakia, for whom Tomáš Skuhravý scored the tournament's second and final hat-trick.
Mount Othrys
Fun Facts
The mountain was so tremendous, even Zeus was afraid when he first saw it.
1990 FIFA World Cup
Round of 16
The Republic of Ireland's match with Romania remained goalless after extra time, and the Irish side won 5–4 on penalties. David O'Leary converted the penalty that clinched Ireland's place in the quarter-finals. Ireland thus became the first team since Sweden in 1938 to reach the last eight in a World Cup finals tournament without winning a match outright. Yugoslavia beat Spain 2–1 after extra time, with Dragan Stojković scoring both the Yugoslavs' goals. England were the final qualifier against Belgium, as midfielder David Platt's swivelling volley broke the stalemate with the game moments away from a penalty shoot-out.
Mount Othrys
Fun Facts
Titans who live there:
1990 FIFA World Cup
Quarter-finals
The first game of the last 8 saw Argentina and a Yugoslav side, reduced to 10 men after only half an hour, play out a goalless stalemate. The holders reached the semi-finals after winning the penalty shoot-out 3–2, despite Maradona having his penalty saved. A second Argentine miss (by Pedro Troglio) looked to have eliminated them until goalkeeper Sergio Goycochea – playing because first choice Nery Pumpido broke his leg during the group stage – rescued his side by stopping the Yugoslavs' final two spotkicks.
Mount Othrys
Fun Facts
The Titans were evil and cruel, which made Olympian Gods the exact same, since they are parents of Gods. The Olympian Gods are actually Titans and the heroes are demi-titans.
1990 FIFA World Cup
Quarter-finals
The Republic of Ireland's World Cup run was brought to an end by a single goal from Schillaci in the first half of their quarter-final with hosts Italy. West Germany beat Czechoslovakia with a 25th minute Lothar Matthäus penalty.
Javier Krahe
Krahe died of a heart attack on July 12, 2015 in Zahara de los Atunes, Cádiz.
1990 FIFA World Cup
Quarter-finals
The most intriguing match of the quarter-finals was between England and Cameroon. Apart from anything else, it was the only quarter-final to produce more than one goal. Despite Cameroon's heroics earlier in the tournament, David Platt put England ahead in the 25th minute. At half-time, Milla was brought on. In the second half, the game was turned on its head during a five-minute stretch: first Cameroon were awarded a penalty from which Emmanuel Kunde scored the equaliser; then in the 65th minute Eugene Ekeke put Cameroon ahead. Cameroon came within eight minutes of reaching the semi-finals before then they conceded a penalty, which Gary Lineker converted. Midway through extra time, England were awarded another penalty, and Lineker again scored from the spot. England were through to the semi-finals for the first time in 24 years.
Semi-finals
The first semi-final featured the host nation, Italy, and the world champion, Argentina in Naples. 'Toto' Schillaci scored yet again to put Italy ahead in the 17th minute, but Claudio Cannigia equalised midway through the second half, breaking Walter Zenga's clean sheet streak throughout the tournament. There were no more goals in the 90 minutes or in extra time despite Maradona (who played for Naples in Serie A at the time) in showing glimpses of magic, but there was a sending-off: Ricardo Giusti of Argentina was shown the red card in the 13th minute of extra time. Argentina went through on penalties, winning the shoot-out 4–3 after more heroics from Goycochea.
The semi-final between West Germany and England at Juventus's home stadium in Turin was goalless at half-time. Then, in the 60th minute, a shot from Andreas Brehme was deflected by Paul Parker into his own net. England equalised with 10 minutes left, Gary Lineker was the scorer. The game ended 1-1. Extra time yielded more chances and Klinsmann was guilty of two glaring misses while both sides struck a post. England had another Platt goal disallowed for offside. The match went to penalties and West Germany went on to win the 4-3.
Third-place match
The game saw three goals in a 15-minute spell. Roberto Baggio opened the scoring after a rare mistake by England's goalkeeper Peter Shilton, in his final game before international retirement, presented a simple opportunity. A header by David Platt levelled the game 10 minutes later but Schillaci was fouled in the penalty area five minutes later, leading to a penalty. Schillaci himself got up to convert the kick to win him the tournament's Golden Boot for his six-goal tally. Nicola Berti had a goal ruled out minutes later, but the hosts claimed third place. England had the consolation prize of the Fair Play award, having received no red cards and the lowest average number of yellows per match.
Final
The final between West Germany and Argentina has been cited as the most cynical and lowest quality of all World Cup Finals. In the 65th minute, Argentina's Pedro Monzon was sent off for a foul on Jürgen Klinsmann, the first player ever to be sent off in a World Cup Final.
Argentina, weakened by suspension and injury, offered little attacking threat throughout a contest dominated by the West Germans, who struggled to create many clear goalscoring opportunities. The only goal of the contest arrived in the 85th minute when Mexican referee Edgardo Codesal awarded a penalty to West Germany, after a foul on Rudi Völler by Roberto Sensini. Andreas Brehme, who later said there was no foul, converted the spot kick to settle the contest. In the closing moments, Argentina were reduced to nine after Gustavo Dezotti received the second yellow card of the game when he hauled Jürgen Kohler to the ground during a stoppage in play. The 1–0 scoreline provided another first: Argentina were the first team to fail to score in a World Cup Final.
With its third title (and three second-place finishes) West Germany – in its final tournament before national reunification – became the most successful World Cup nation at the time. West German manager Franz Beckenbauer became the only man to both captain (in 1974) and manage a World Cup winning team, and only the second man (after Mário Zagallo of Brazil) to win the World Cup as a player and as team manager. It was also the first time a team from UEFA won the final against a non-European team.
Assem Mussarova
Assem Mussarova (born 13 August 1990) is a Kazakhstani female water polo player. She competed for the Kazakhstan women's national water polo team in the 2013 World Aquatics Championships, 2015 World Aquatics Championships, and 2017 World Aquatics Championships.
Pelkosenniemi
Pelkosenniemi is a municipality in Finnish Lapland, Finland. It had almost 1,000 people living there in August 2013. It has the smallest population among municipalities in Lapland. The municipalities next to it are Kemijärvi, Rovaniemi, Salla, Savukoski, and Sodankylä.
Royal College of Organists
The Royal College of Organists or RCO, is an organisation based in the United Kingdom, but with members around the world. Its job is to support organ playing and choral music. People who learn the organ can go there to take professional organ examinations.
There is a large library with more than 60,000 books about organ playing and organ music.
When the RCO started in 1864 by Richard Limpus it was called the College of Organists. It was given a Royal Charter in 1893. In 1903 it was offered an extremely cheap 99-year lease on a beautiful building in Kensington, West London. The college was there until 1991 when it moved to a church in the City of London. In 2003 it moved again to Birmingham.
Examinations
The RCO offers five qualifications or diplomas.
Delena cancerides
Delena cancerides, also called the flat huntsman or social huntsman, is a huntsman spider from Australia. In New Zealand, it is sometimes known as the Avondale spider.
Assassination of William McKinley
William McKinley, the 25th President of the United States, was shot on September 6, 1901, inside the Temple of Music on the grounds of the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York. He died eight days later from gangrene caused by the wound.
Shooting and death
On September 6, 1901, McKinley was shaking hands with the people when he was shot by the anarchist Leon Czolgosz. He died eight days later from his gunshot wounds. He was 58 years old. It was later known that Czolgosz killed the President in an attempt to advance anarchism.
Czolgosz was executed by the electric chair on October 29, 1901. McKinley's vice president, Theodore Roosevelt, became America's 26th president of the United States of America.
2010 Russian Premier League
The 2010 Russian Premier League was the 19th season of the Russian Premier League. The team with the most points was Zenit St. Petersburg, with 68 points. CSKA Moscow was second with 62 points. The season started on March 12, 2010. The last match was played November 29, 2010. On November 14, 2010, Zenit St. Petersburg claimed their titles after a 5-0 win against FC Rostov. Lastly, this season was Saturn Moscow Oblast's last season. The team was dissolved after.
Senhor Roubado (Lisbon Metro)
Senhor Roubado station is part of the Yellow Line of the Lisbon Metro.
Charleston
Charleston might mean:
Healthy in Paranoid Times
Healthy in Paranoid Times is the sixth studio album by Canadian rock band Our Lady Peace. It was released on August 30, 2005. The producer of the album was Bob Rock. The album peaked at #2 on the Soundscan Canadian Albums Chart, #45 on the Billboard 200 chart and #1 on Soundscan's Alternative albums chart. The song "Where Are You", peaked at #28 on Billboard's Alternative Songs chart. The album is certified Platinum for the shipment of 100,000 units.
Malik Ata Muhammad Khan
Malik Ata Muhammad Khan (Urdu,, 25 January 1938 – 6 February 2020), popularly known as Prince Malik Ata was a Pakistani feudal lord and politician. He was born in British India. Khan was a member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab from 1990 to 1993. He was President of the Equestrian Federation from 1982 until his death and Vice President of the International Tent Pegging Federation from 2013 until his death.
Khan died on 6 February 2020 in Attock, Pakistan at the age of 82.
Alexander Mackenzie (explorer)
Sir Alexander Mackenzie (1764-1820) was a Scottish explorer who explored the area that is now the Northwest Territories. Mackenzie was born in Stornoway, on the Scottish island of Lewis with Harris in 1764. Mackenzie made his fortune as a fur trader in northwest Canada.
In 1789, Mackenzie left Fort Chipewyan on Lake Athabasca with a small party of Canadians and native guides. He travelled north to Great Slave Lake on a boat or a canoe. Then he followed the river that now bears his name, the Mackenzie River. He was the first European to travel on the Mackenzie River. It took him to the Arctic Ocean. He had hoped the river would lead him to the Pacific Ocean.
In 1801 he wrote the book "Voyages on the River Saint Lawrence and Through the Continent of North America, To the Frozen and Pacific Oceans in the Years 1789 and 1793". This book contains information on native tribes and Canadian history of that time period.
He spent his last years in Scotland.
Topological space
A topological space is a space studied in topology, the mathematics of the structure of shapes. Roughly, it is a set of things (called points) along with a way to know which things are close together.
More precisely, a topological space has a certain kind of set, called open sets. Open sets are important because they allow one to talk about points near another point, called a neighbourhood of the point. A neighbourhood of a point is simply an open set containing that point. If one did not have the concept of open sets, one cannot define neighbourhoods in a good way. If one tries to define a neighbourhood of a point as any set containing that point, it might just include that point and that point only, not any points near it, or points far away. We also have the concept of closed sets, which are complements of open sets. That is, all of the points not belonging to a certain open sets forms a closed set.
Open sets must follow certain rules so that they match our ideas of nearness. The union of any number of open sets must be open, and the union of a finite number of closed sets must be closed. (The second rule only works for a finite number of closed sets. That is because in many cases a set containing a single point is closed. Any set is made of points. If the second rule applied to an infinite number of closed sets, then every set would be closed.) As a special case, the set containing every point is both open and closed. The set containing no points is also both open and closed.
A set of points can have many different definitions of what an open set is. One can think of only certain sets as open, or more sets as open. One might even consider every set to be open. The same set with different definitions of open sets form different topological spaces.
Paul Langerhans
Paul Langerhans (25 July 1847 – 20 July 1888) was a German pathologist, physiologist and biologist. He was credited with the discovery of the cells that secrete insulin. The cells were named after him as the islets of Langerhans.
John Pemberton
John Stith Pemberton (July 8, 1831 – August 16, 1888) was an American pharmacist and Confederate States Army veteran who is best known as the inventor of Coca-Cola. In May 1886, he developed an early version of a beverage that would later become Coca-Cola, but sold his rights to the drink shortly before his death.
Carl Zeiss
Carl Zeiss (11 September 1816 – 3 December 1888) was a German scientific instrument maker, optician and businessman. In 1846 he founded his workshop, which is still in business as Carl Zeiss AG. Zeiss gathered a group of gifted practical and theoretical opticians and glass makers to reshape most aspects of optical instrument production. His collaboration with Ernst Abbe revolutionized optical theory and practical design of microscopes.
John Pemberton
He suffered from a sabre wound sustained in April 1865, during the Battle of Columbus. His efforts to control his chronic pain led to morphine addiction. He began to experiment with various painkillers and toxins. In the end, after development of an earlier beverage blending alcohol and cocaine, this led to the recipe that later was adapted to make Coca-Cola.
Sound change
A sound change in a language is when the sounds of the language become different over time in historical linguistics. Since people of different languages or dialects often talk to each other, the way people talk becomes more like the way the others talk. Because of this, it is natural for languages to sound differently overtime. Sometimes it happens slowly, while in other times it happens quickly.
Spelling systems that do not change with the sound changes of a language are often more difficult for a learner to learn how to read in that language. These kinds of spellings are called fossilized spellings. These include spelling systems like English, French, Mongolian script, and Thai. All of these spelling systems have changed little for the past few hundred years, even though their spoken languages sound very different from how they used to sound. Spelling systems that change with the sound changes are often easier for a learner to learn how to read. These languages include Japanese, Turkish, and German.
Clear Lake, Iowa
Clear Lake is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Burn Burn (album)
Burn Burn is the seventh studio album by Canadian rock band Our Lady Peace. It was released on July 21, 2009. The producer of the album was lead singer Raine Maida. The peaked at #3 on the Canadian Albums Chart and also peaked at #41 on the U.S. Billboard 200.
Ramak NikTalab
Ramak NikTalab (born 1969, in Tehran, Iran) is an Iranian translator and author of Persian literature. Her specialty is children's literature.
Great Vowel Shift
The Great Vowel Shift (GVS) - named so by Danish linguist Otto Jespersen - was a period of shifts in the pronunciation of vowels the English language. It took place approximately from the 15th century (the late Middle English period) until the 18th century (the Early Modern English period). This is the main reason why English words often sound different from how they are spelled.
Furthermore, coinciding with the development of print, the Great Vowel Shift and the increasing production of printed materials have brought about the standardisation of the English language as we know it today.
Changes
This change was often divided into two phases (with a following third period in Early Modern English with less critical, minor changes) and varied slightly throughout English dialects. It concerned long vowels, short vowels and diphthongs and from the 1400s continued for several centuries. Some consonants’ pronunciation changes as well and these changes are sometimes described by scholars when discussing the Great Vowel Shift. During the period of Middle English, there were five short and seven long vowels. Through the GVS, the long vowels /i:/ and /u:/ gained counterparts they did not have before, restoring the balance in the vowel system. This attempt to achieve balance is thought to be one of the reasons for the start of the GVS. Along with other theories, like the pull-chain and the push-chain theories.
The change of pronunciation during the GVS affected long stressed vowels. Therefore, “y” in “only” didn’t change pronunciation because it is not stressed. But the same vowel changes pronunciation in the word “my” because it is stressed. The place of pronunciation in the mouth changes, it shifted so that is was pronounced in a higher place in the mouth.
How do we know?
It is important to note that distinguishing the Middle English pronunciation is just an approximation done by scholars because there aren’t any recordings of spoken language from that period.
Historical Division of the GVS
Most generally, the researchers of the GVS have divided it into two phases, which coincidentally correspond with the periods of writings of the two famous English writers: Geoffrey Chaucer and William Shakespeare. Consequently, Chaucer’s and Shakespeare’s writings are often employed as the most representative examples of the Great Vowel Shift’s changes.
Social and Cultural Influences
The exact pinpointing of the period of the Great Vowel Shift and the reason for its occurrence remains unknown to this day. However, there are several theories which are the most frequent, the most widely accepted, and also interconnected through the notions of social emancipation and elitism.
Mike Johanns
Mike Johanns (born June 18, 1950) is an American politician. He was the United States Senator from Nebraska. Johanns is a member of the U.S. Republican Party.
Johanns was born on June 18, 1950 in Osage, Iowa. He studied at St. Mary's University, Minnesota and at Creighton University. He is married to Stephanie Johanns. They have two children.
Presho, South Dakota
Presho is a small city in Lyman County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 497 at the 2010 census.
Alexander Armstrong
Alexander Henry Fenrick Armstrong (born 2 March 1970) is an English actor, television and radio presenter and singer. He is best known for working alongside Ben Miller presenting the half comedy duo of Armstrong and Miller, as hosting of the BBC One television game show Pointless.
As side from his Armstrong & Miller sketch show characters, Armstrong's television credits include a leading role in the ITV1 television series Life Begins, whilely he also voiced Professor M in the Sky Sports F1 animated cartoon series Tooned, alien supercomputer Mr Smith of-part of the Doctor Who spin-off series in the BBC One television science fiction series The Sarah Jane Adventures as well as the main show's two part story "The Stolen Earth" / "Journey's End", and the title character in the title character of the CBBC revived series of Danger Mouse.
Bell AH-1 Cobra
The Bell AH-1 Cobra is an American military helicopter. It is an attack helicopter. It is made by Bell Helicopter company. It has one engine. Its first flight was on 7 September 1967. The United States Army don't use the AH-1 any more, and replaced it with the AH-64 Apache. The single-engine AH-1 Cobra is still active in some other countries like Israel and Iran. The United States Marine Corps still use the two-engine Bell AH-1 SuperCobra. The Cobra's weapons are:
Riobamba
Riobamba (, full name San Pedro de Riobamba; Quechua: Rispampa) is the capital of the Chimborazo Province in central Ecuador, which is located at the Chambo River Valley of the Andes. It is 200 km south of Ecuador's capital Quito.
Argiope keyserlingi
Argiope keyserlingi also called St. Andrew's cross spider is a kind of orb-web spider. It lives on the east side of Australia from Victoria to northern Queensland.
Locus (mathematics)
In geometry, a locus (plural: loci) is one of a set of points which satisfies one or more conditions. The usual results are a curve or a surface. For example, all points in a plane an equal distance from a center point result in a circle.
Assassination of James A. Garfield
The assassination of President James A. Garfield happened in Washington, D.C. on July 2, 1881. Garfield was shot in the back by Charles J. Guiteau at about 9:30 am, less than four months into Garfield's term as the 20th President of the United States.
Guiteau shot Garfield after being mad at him about not receiving credit for Garfield's victory in 1880 after he wrote a speech about Garfield but never made the speech. The 31st Speaker of the United States House of Representatives James G. Blaine was at Garfield's side when he was shot down.
Garfield died eleven weeks later on September 19, 1881 aged 49. He was the second of four presidents to be assassinated, after Abraham Lincoln and the next president to be assassinated would be William McKinley and next John F. Kennedy. His vice president, Chester A. Arthur, became the next president after Garfield. And on June 2, 1882, Guiteau was executed by hanging, aged 40.
Garfield also lived the longest after the shooting than the other presidents who were assassinated. Lincoln and Kennedy died less than a day after being shot, and McKinley died a week later.
Richard Neutra
Richard Joseph Neutra (April 8, 1892 – April 16, 1970) was a Jewish Austrian-American architect. His career was set in Southern California. He is seen as one of the most famous modernist architects.
Louis de Montfort
Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort (31 January 1673 – 28 April 1716) was a French Roman Catholic priest and confessor. He was known in his time as a preacher and was made a missionary apostolic
Evariste Ndayishimiye
General Évariste Ndayishimiye (born 1968) is a Burundi politician. He is the President of Burundi since 2020. He became president after the death of President Pierre Nkurunziza. He is also the Secretary General of the CNDD-FDD since 2016.
He was the Minister of the Interior and Public Security from 2006 to 2007.
Kennebec, South Dakota
Kennebec is a town in and county seat of Lyman County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 240 at the 2010 census.
Dan McKee
McKee was the 69th Lieutenant Governor of Rhode Island from 2015 until 2021. He was mayor of Cumberland, Rhode Island and member of the Cumberland Town Council.
2019 Hong Kong extradition bill
Background
Early in 2018, a 19-year-old Hong Kong resident was arrested in Taiwan for killing his 20-year-old girlfriend. He was tried in Taiwan because the government of Hong Kong had no way to extradite him, to formally ask the government of Taiwan to send him to them as a prisoner. Because of this, people started talking about Hong Kong's criminal law.
In February 2019, the government proposed a change to criminal laws. The law is meant to allow a the government of Hong Kong to arrest anyone suspected of a crime and send them to places where it does not already have a formal extradition treaty, such as mainland China, Macau and Taiwan.
However, organizations like Amnesty International and many Hong Kongers saw that the law could also be used in another way. The law could allow the government to arrest almost any Hong Konger suspected of a crime and send them to be tried in mainland China instead of in Hong Kong. Mainland China has a reputation for unfair trials. They worried that the government would use this to arrest Hong Kongers who spoke against the mainland government and bring them to China as political prisoners and scare the people of Hong Kong.
The government stopped trying to pass the bill on June 15 and formally withdrew it on October 23, 2019.
Ted (movie)
Ted is a 2012 American comedy movie, directed, produced and co-written by Seth MacFarlane. It follows a Boston resident (Mark Wahlberg) and his teddy bear (MacFarlane), who came to life with a magical wish. A sequel titled Ted 2 was released in 2015.
2019 Hong Kong extradition bill
Legacy
This bill was one of the reasons Hong Kongers protested in the 2019 Hong Kong protests.
Knœringue
Knœringue is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.
Lou Reed
Lewis Allan "Lou" Reed (March 2, 1942 – October 27, 2013) was an American rock musician. He was originally from Long Island, New York and spent most of his life in New York City. He is remembered for being in the Velvet Underground, although he also released solo work. He was friends with artist Andy Warhol.
Early life
Lewis Allan Reed was born on March 2, 1942 in Brooklyn, New York City. He studied at Syracuse University. Reed was raised Jewish.