cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Balto
In January 1925, Nome, Alaska needed medicine for a diphtheria epidemic. First, a ship tried to bring the medicine but ice was closing into the Bering Sea. The ship could not get to Nome. Next, they tried to bring the medicine by airplane. They could not because there was a blizzard (snow storm). The winds were too strong for the plane. So the medicine was sent by train from Anchorage, Alaska to Nenena, Alaska. Then sled dogs took turns carrying the medicine to Nome. The dog that ran the longest was Togo. Balto was the final dog. He lead the team into Nome. The medicine saved many children (almost all of the children). Balto, the other dogs, and the men who carried the medicine were given a hero's welcome. A few months later in New York City, a statue of Balto was placed in Central Park. It is still there today.
Indiana Dunes National Park
Ecology
The park is one of the most ecologically mixed places in North America. Indiana Dunes has about 1,500 different kinds of plants.
Balto
The serum run
In January 1925, doctors realized that a diphtheria epidemic was likely to sweep through Nome's young people. It could kill many people. The only serum that could stop it was in Anchorage. Anchorage was almost 1000 mi away. The only aircraft that could get the medicine to Nome was taken out of winter storage, but its engine was frozen. It would not start. Officials chose to move the medicine by sled dog. The serum was transported by train from Anchorage to Nenana. At Nenana, the first musher began the trip as part of a relay to deliver the serum to Nome. More than 20 mushers took part. They had to deal with a blizzard with −53 F temperatures and strong winds. News coverage of the race was worldwide.
After the events
On December 22, 1995, Universal Pictures released the animated movie Balto. The movie was based on the events of the 1925 serum run, although there are big differences. They also made a 2nd and 3rd movie to the original.
Indiana Dunes National Park
Ecology
The Dunes are also along a major migration path, and birdwatching is a big reason visitors come to Indiana Dunes each year. The area is home to more than 300 species of birds. The birds include waterbirds such as loons and herons, as well as birds of prey like bald eagles and hawks. Several species of songbirds also live there.
Maple sugar
In winter season, people living near by or visitors enjoy collecting sap from maple trees in the park in order to make maple syrup. Sap is a liquid containing sugar inside the trees. People can get sap by making a small hole in a tree. Maple tree sap was historically collected by local American Indians, pioneers and early residents of a farm.
A Maple Sugar Time festival is held in March every year. visitors can learn how American Indians first boiled maple sap into sugar, and how early settlers used large iron kettles to make syrup. Pure maple syrup and sugar, and related products like maple-flavored popcorn and maple water, are for sale.
Marle, Aisne
Marle, Aisne is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Saint Emiliana
Saint Emiliana was a Christian saint. She was born in Rome. Her feast day is January 5. She was a mystic person (a spiritual and faithful person).
Gelsenkirchen
Gelsenkirchen ( UK: /ˈɡɛlzənkɪərxən/, US: /ˌɡɛlzənˈkɪərxən/, German: [ˌɡɛlzn̩ˈkɪʁçn̩]; Gelsenkiärken) is a city in Germany in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is about 63 km north of Cologne in the so-called Ruhr Area.
Saint Emiliana
Biography
Emiliana and her sister Tharsilla were aunts of Pope Gregory I. Their uncle was Pope Felix III. They treated their house like a convent. They were spiritual and committed to God. They wanted to help the world. Tharsilla died on December 24. A few days after Tharsilla died, she appeared to Emiliana. Emiliana died on January 5.
Gelsenkirchen
About 269,000 people live there. In the past it was dominated by coal mining and steel industry. The city is famous for its football (soccer) club FC Schalke 04.
History of Mexican Americans in California
California has a large Mexican American population. Mexicans had lived in California since the late 1700's.
Divo
Ivan Andres "Divo" Ramirez is a Canadian hip hop recording artist based in Toronto. Divo has released several albums featuring D. O., Classified, Dan-e-o, Eternia, D-Sisive and DL Incognito. In 2016, Divo's fourth album Transatlantic Soul won East Coast Rap Album of the Year at the Canadian Urban Television Hip Hop Awards.
Career
Divo is also known for creating his own album artwork for Transatlantic Soul and Classified's Boy-Cott-In the Industry and Hitch Hikin Music.
Sans-culottes
The sans-culottes (, which means "without breeches") were the lower classes in late 18th century France. Lots of sans-culottes became radical supporters and fighters for the French Revolution. This was because of their poor quality of life under the Ancien Régime. The word sans-culotte, which is the opposite of aristocrat, was said for the first time on 28 February 1791 by officer Jean-Bernard Gauthier de Murnan in a bad way. He was talking about a "sans-culottes army" - an army of peasants. The word became popular during the demonstrations of June 1792.
The name, though it is about clothing, is actually a way to talk about the sans-culottes' social status. Culottes were the fashionable silk knee-breeches of the 18th-century nobility and bourgeoisie. The working class sans-culottes wore pantaloons, or trousers, instead. The sans-culottes, most of them urban labourers, were the force behind the French Revolution. The other members of the revolution thought that they were "radicals" because they wanted a direct democracy. This would mean that the people would vote on laws themselves, and that there would be no legislature. Though they had bad clothes and equipment, and got little or no support from the rich, they were most of the Revolutionary army and executed many people during the early years of the French Revolutionary Wars.
Platymantis bayani
Walter's limestone forest frog (Platymantis bayani) is a frog. It lives in the Philippines. Scientists have seen it in one place: Taft Forest on Samar Island, 140 m above sea level.
Tilehurst Water Tower
Tilehurst Water Tower, also known as Park Lane Water Tower, is a distinctive water tower in Tilehurst was erected by Reading Borough Council in 1932. It is estimated to hold approximate 900,000 litres of water.
It is considered to be a local landmark. It was built in addition to the Bath Road Reservoir. They are made to supply water to properties at a higher level than the earlier water tower. It is still in use and is owned by Thames Water plc. It has the transmitter for a local radio station called The Breeze.
Oryukdo
Oryukdo is an archipelago that is 600 m southeast of the Uam Peninsula in Busan, South Korea. It is one of the symbols of Busan.
In the order close to the land, there are six islands: Shield Island, Pine tree Island, Suri Island, Awl Island, Oyster Island, and Lighthouse Island. In the past, Shield Island and Pine tree Island, which were connected to Haesik Island, were collectively called Usakdo Island, but in 2011, they were organized under the name of the uninhabited island.
Alma Adamkienė
Alma Adamkienė (née Nutautaitė; February 10, 1927 – May 21, 2023) was a Lithuanian-American philologist, philanthropist and public servant. She was born in Šiauliai, Lithuania. She is the wife of the former President of Lithuania, Valdas Adamkus since being married in 1951.
Adamkienė was First Lady during his two terms (1998–2003 and 2004–2009). She also holds United States citizenship. She immigrated to the United States in 1949. She first worked as a laboratory assistant at a steel factory. Later, she took a position with an insurance company. She also organized and participated in Lithuanian émigré activities.
During the presidential election held in Lithuania in 1997, her husband Valdas Adamkus campaigned for the Presidency and won. After Adamkus became president, Adamkienė became involved in many Lithuanian social programs focusing on the welfare of children. Adamkienė had no children. She died from a stroke in Vilnius, on 21 May 2023, at the age of 96.
Frogmore, Concordia Parish, Louisiana
Frogmore is an unincorporated community in Concordia Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Jack Nance
Marvin John Nance (December 21, 1943 – December 30, 1996) was an American actor. He worked with moviemaker David Lynch many times. He was in Lynch's first movie Eraserhead (1977). He was also in Twin Peaks (1990–1991) as Pete Martell.
Nance died at his apartment in South Pasadena, California on December 30, 1996, one week after his 53rd birthday. The cause of death was a subdural hematoma from an injury he got in a street fight the morning before.
Wim Dik
Wim Dik  (11 January 1939 – 19 June 2022) was a Dutch politician and businessman. He was the head of Royal PTT Nederland NV. He was a member of Democrats 66 (D66). He was a State Secretary for Economic Affairs in the Third Van Agt cabinet from 1981 to 1982. Dik was born in Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Antônio Afonso de Miranda
Antônio Afonso de Miranda (14 April 1920 – 11 October 2021) was a Brazilian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was born in Cipotânea, Minas Gerais, Brazil. He was the Bishop of Taubaté from 1981 until 1996. Miranda became a priest in 1945.
Wim Dik
Dik died on 19 June 2022 in Rotterdam at the age of 83.
Antônio Afonso de Miranda
Miranda died on 11 October 2021 in Cipotânea, Brazil at the age of 101.
Marly-Gomont
Marly-Gomont is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Rottendorf
Rottendorf is a municipality in Würzburg in Bavaria, Germany.
Abkhazian Dze
Abkhazian Dze (Ӡ ӡ; italics: Ӡ ӡ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It is used in the Abkhazian language where it represents the voiced alveolar affricate /dz/, pronounced like ⟨ds⟩ in "pods". You go from a ⟨d⟩ to a ⟨s⟩(s in "is").
It is also used in the Uilta language.
This letter was also used in one 1937 proposal (not adopted) for the Karelian language.
Martigny, Aisne
Martigny, Aisne is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Robert Stanley Weir
Robert Stanley Weir was the Canadian author of the Canadian Anthem, O Canada.
Khamaj
Khamaj is an Hindustani classical Music based Raga which is named after Khamaj Thaat. Khamaaj is also known for having many popular Thumri's and Ghazal's composed in this raaga.
Information Age
After the Agrarian society, and the Industrial revolution, the Information age is the third big epoch in the history of economics. In the information age, information has become a prime economic good, and there are industries that transform information form one form to another. The changer from industrialized society to the society of the information age is called Digital Revolution.
Alex Dreier
Alex Dreier (June 26, 1916 – March 11, 2000 ) was an American news reporter and commentator who worked with NBC Radio during the 1940s, and later with the ABC Information Radio network in the 1960s and early '70s. He won 7 Emmy Awards throughout his career.
Dreier was born on June 26, 1916 in Honolulu, Hawaii. He was married to Geraldine Izatt Hogan Penrith. They had no children. Dreier died on March 11, 2001 in Rancho Mirage, California from heart failure, aged 83.
Friday Night Lights (movie)
Friday Night Lights is a 2004 American sports drama movie co-written and directed by Peter Berg. The movie is about the coach and players of a high school football team in Odessa, Texas. The movie is based on the book Friday Night Lights: A Town, a Team, and a Dream (1990) by H. G. Bissinger.
The movie stars Billy Bob Thornton as Coach Gary Gaines. Tim McGraw and Amber Heard also star in this movie.
A television series of the same name came out on October 3, 2006 on NBC. It is seen as one of the best high school movies ever made.
Habemus Papam
Habemus Papam refers to the announcement given in Latin by the Senior Cardinal Deacon when a new Pope has been chosen.
The announcement is given from the central balcony of St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican. After the announcement, the new pope meets the people and he gives his first Urbi et Orbi blessing to the crowd.
The format for the announcement is:
This, in English, means:
In the Habemus Papam given by Jorge Cardinal Medina Estévez on 19 April 2005 upon the election of Pope Benedict XVI, the announcement was made after a greeting (Dear Brothers and Sisters) in several languages (Italian, Spanish, French, German, and English).
Hämikon
Hämikon was a municipality of the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2009, the former municipalities of Hämikon, Gelfingen, Mosen, Müswangen, Retschwil and Sulz merged into the municipality of Hitzkirch.
Len Small
Lennington "Len" Small (June 16, 1862 – May 17, 1936) was an American politician. He served as the 26th Governor of Illinois, from 1921 to 1929. He also served as a member of the Illinois state senate from the 16th District from 1901 to 1903 and was Illinois state treasurer, from 1905 to 1907, and from 1917 to 1919.
Small was born on June 16, 1862 in Kankakee County, Illinois. He studied at Valparaiso University.
Small was indicted in office for corruption. He was acquitted; thereafter, eight of the jurors received state jobs. Among his defense lawyers was former governor Joseph W. Fifer, who asserted, in pre-trial hearings, that the governorship has the divine right of kings.
Small died on May 17, 1936 in Springfield, Illinois from heart failure, aged 73.
Philip Goldberg
Philip Seth Goldberg (born August 1, 1956) is an American politician. In 2022, he became the U.S. Ambassador to South Korea. He was the U.S. Ambassador to Colombia from 2019 to 2022 during the Donald Trump and Joe Biden presidencies. He was Ambassador to the Philippines and Bolivia, and Chief of the U.S. Mission in UN-administered Kosovo during the George W. Bush and Barack Obama administrations.
Fugue state
A fugue state (dissociative fugue or psychogenic fugue) is a rare psychiatric disorder. It involves temporary loss of memory (amnesia). It usually only lasts a short time (from hours to days), but can last months or longer. In a fugue state, the person not only forgets all about who they are, but may suddenly adopt a new identity. They may leave home and wander, settle in another area with a new name. Fugue occurs to avoid stress and anxiety. After the fugue state comes to an end, the person recovers the memories they lost, but usually forgets all that happened during the fugue.
Philip Goldberg
In January 2022, it was said that President Biden will nominate Goldberg as the United States Ambassador to South Korea.
New Era, Louisiana
New Era is an unincorporated community in Concordia Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Mount Frank Rae
Mount Frank Rae is a 2347 m mountain in the Yukon, in Canada. It is the highest of the Ogilvie Mountains which are close to Dawson City.
Persona non grata
In diplomacy, a persona non grata (Latin: "person not welcome", plural: personae non gratae) is a status sometimes given by a host country to foreign diplomats to remove their protection by diplomatic immunity from arrest and other normal kinds of prosecution.
Wildsville, Louisiana
Wildsville is an unincorporated community in Concordia Parish, Louisiana, United States.
The Remarkable Mr. Pennypacker
The Remarkable Mr. Pennypacker is a 1959 American comedy movie directed by Henry Levin and was based on the 1953 play of the same name. It stars Clifton Webb, Dorothy McGuire, Charles Coburn, Ron Ely, Jill St. John, Ray Stricklyn, Dorothy Stickney and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Elena Anaya
Elena Anaya Gutiérrez (born July 17, 1975) is a Spanish actress.
Her career dates back to 1995. She starred alongside Antonio Banderas in Pedro Almodóvar's The Skin I Live In, for which she won the Goya award for Best Actress. She is also known for her roles in Habitación en Roma (Room in Rome) and Wonder Woman as Doctor Poison.
Anaya is a lesbian. In November 2016, it was announced that Anaya was expecting her first child with her partner, Tina Afugu Cordero, a costume designer. In February 2017, Anaya gave birth to their son.
Mayot
Mayot is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Shaw, Louisiana
Shaw is an unincorporated community in Concordia Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Flag of Georgia (U.S. state)
The state flag of Georgia features a design that represents the laws and values of the state. The flag features the national colors of the United States.
The Whole Year is Christmas
The Whole Year is Christmas (Todo el año es Navidad) is a 1960 Argentine fantasy movie directed by Román Viñoly Barreto and starring Raúl Rossi, Olga Zubarry, Carlos Estrada, Nelly Meden, Leonardo Favio, Ricardo Castro Ríos, Mabel Kerr, Enrique Guarnero.
Scottish people
Scottish people or Scots are people native to Scotland or who are descended from a native of Scotland. They almost all speak Scottish English, but some of those living in the Highlands and the islands may speak the Scottish Gaelic (a Gaelic language) as well.
Robert Burns is the national poet of Scotland.
Martigny-Courpierre
Martigny-Courpierre is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Chester County
Chester County is the name of three counties in the United States:
The Language of the Night
The Language of the Night: Essays on Fantasy and Science Fiction is a collection of essays written by Ursula K. Le Guin. Susan Wood edited the book. It was first published in 1979. A new and different edition was published in 1992. The 24 essays in the book come from many sources, including journals, book introductions, and award-acceptance speeches. Le Guin was well known as a fantasy and science fiction author. But her criticism was not easy to find before this collection. The Language of the Night has [Le Guin]'s most important ideas about writing. It is about topics such as Americans' attitudes towards fantasy fiction, the strengths and weaknesses of science fiction, and how children's literature is special. She also discusses the background of her major works such as A Wizard of Earthsea and The Left Hand of Darkness. However, some critics complained that The Language of the Night has both more important and less important writing. The collection was nominated for a Hugo for Best Related Non-Fiction Book category in 1980. The title comes from Le Guin's description of fantasy literature. She said, "We like to think we live in daylight, but half the world is always dark; and fantasy, like poetry, speaks the language of the night."
Chester County, South Carolina
Chester County is a county in the state of South Carolina, United States. As of the 2010 census, 33,140 people lived there. Its county seat is Chester.
West Ferriday, Louisiana
West Ferriday is an unincorporated community in Concordia Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Robert Klein
Robert Klein (born February 8, 1942) is an American comedian, singer, and actor. He was born in New York City. He was nominated for a Best Actor in a Musical Tony Award for 1979's They're Playing Our Song. He was known for hosting Saturday Night Live twice.
Klein starred in many movies such as The Owl and the Pussycat, Hooper, Primary Colors, Radioland Murders, Ira and Abby, One Fine Day, Two Weeks Notice, How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days, The Last Unicorn, and The Safety of Objects.
Colin Davis
Sir  Colin Rex Davis, CH, CBE, (Weybridge, Surrey, 25 September 1927 – London, England 14 April 2013), was a British conductor. He was born in Weybridge, Surrey, UK. Davis went to school at Christ's Hospital before studying the clarinet at the Royal College of Music in London. He was not allowed to take conducting lessons there because he did not play the piano well enough. He still managed to get some experience as conductor of the Kalmar Orchestra with other music students.
In 1952 Davis worked at the Royal Festival Hall, and in the late 1950s conducted the BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra. He started to become well known when he was suddenly asked to conduct Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's opera Don Giovanni at the Royal Festival Hall because Otto Klemperer was ill. A year later, in 1960, he conducted Mozart's The Magic Flute at Glyndebourne because Thomas Beecham was ill.
In the 1960s he worked at Sadler's Wells Opera and with the London Symphony Orchestra. He was Chief Conductor of the BBC Symphony Orchestra. In 1971 he took over from Georg Solti as principal conductor at the Royal Opera House. He stayed there until 1986. He particularly liked conducting the operas of Michael Tippett, giving the first performances of The Knot Garden (1970), and The Ice Break (1977). In 1977 he became the first English conductor to appear at the Bayreuth Festival where he conducted Tannhäuser.
Davis was Principal Guest Conductor of the Boston Symphony Orchestra from 1972 to 1984. He was Chief Conductor at the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra from 1983 to 1993. In 1991, Davis was given the honorary title 'Conductor Laureate' of the Staatskapelle Dresden, the first conductor in the orchestra's history to hold that title. In 1995, Davis became Principal Conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra. He stayed there until 2006, when the orchestra gave him the title of President. From 1998 to 2003, he was also Principal Guest Conductor of the New York Philharmonic.
He has received many honours, including CH and CBE
In 1949, Davis married the soprano April Cantelo. They had two children, Suzanne and Christopher. Their marriage ended in 1964, and in that same year, Davis married the young Iranian woman who had been the family au pair, Ashraf “Shamsi” Naini. To satisfy both the Iranian and British authorities, the couple were married three times, once in Iran and twice in the UK, in the Iranian Embassy as well as in a regular UK civil ceremony. They have five children.
Mennessis
Mennessis is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Colin Davis
Davis was not related to the conductor Sir Andrew Davis.
Dasyuromorphia
Dasyuromorphia are fair-sized order of some of the more unusual carnivorous or insectivorous marsupials. They vary in appearance, from rodent-like to shrew-like to cat-like to dog-like. This order includes the ever-famous Tasmanian devil. In this order, most of the marsupials have a pouch on the belly. However, some of the broad-footed marsupial mice have only folds of skin instead of true pouches, and the numbat lacks a pouch entirely. There are 63 species in 3 families, although one of the families is probably extinct:
Bratwurst
Bratwurst is a dish of German origin. It is a type of sausage. It is composed of pork or beef, and sometimes veal.
Where the word comes from
Bratwurst is a sausage in German cuisines, from Old High German brätwurst, from brät which is a derivative of the Old High German word "brato". "Brato" originally meant hacked meat, intestines. The other part of the word is wurst which means sausage.
Where the sausage comes from
Though originally Celtic in origin, the German "Bratwurst" comes from Franconia, specifically Weißenburg-Treuchtlingen.
Chai Chidchob
Chai Chidchob (ชัย ชิดชอบ, ; 5 April 1928 – 24 January 2020) was a Thai politician. He was born in Surin Province. He served as the Speaker of the House of Representatives and President of the National Assembly from 2008 to 2011.
Bratwurst
Major Types of German Bratwurst
There are many different kinds of these sausages. All are special in their own way: A "Bratwurst meal" often is eaten with sauerkraut, mashed potatoes and roasted onions. Sometimes, it is also served with a potato sauce, or a potato salad.
Chai Chidchob
Chidchob died on 24 January 2020 in Buriram Province. He was 92.
Bratwurst
How the sausage is prepared
Today, most kinds of Bratwurst are prepared by roasting them. Depending on the kind of Bratwurst, it may have been cooked beforehand. Sausages that use raw meat, and that are not roasted or cooked before they are eaten are usually not called Bratwurst.
How people eat the sausage
The sausage is usually eaten with a hot or sweet German mustard or sliced and eaten as Currywurst. Sometimes, some hot French mustard is served as well. Bratwurst is almost always served with a hard German roll and usually accompanied by a beer. It is a popular snack in German-speaking countries, where it is sold at various fast food outlets and is often consumed while standing.
Bratwurst in the US
In the United States, bratwurst are usually eaten with bread (a hot dog bun or a hardroll, for example) and topped with mustard and/or many of the other condiments often eaten with hot dogs, including onions (grilled and/or raw), relish, sauerkraut, etc. The bratwurst is occasionally eaten with a pair of brat links nestled in a buttered hardroll with these same toppings, which is called a 'double brat'.
They are especially popular in areas of the US where German-Americans settled in large numbers, like Sheboygan, Wisconsin, which is informally known as the Bratwurst Capital of the World because of the city and county's very strong German roots and connections to bratwurst. Johnsonville Foods, the nation's largest bratwurst maker, is based in the nearby unincorporated village of Johnsonville. The city also celebrates Sheboygan Bratwurst Days, a community festival held on the first Thursday-Saturday of August each year that celebrates the bratwurst. Other traditional Wisconsin brat manufacturers include Klement's Sausage Company and Usinger's, both of which are based in Milwaukee.
Another town with German-American roots associated with bratwurst is Bucyrus, Ohio, which is known for its unique recipe incorporating fennel. It holds a bratwurst festival annually in mid-August attracting over 100,000 visitors annually.
Neeraj Vora
In October 2016, Vora went into a coma after having a heart attack and a stroke. He died on 14 December 2017 in Mumbai, at the age of 54.
Mauregny-en-Haye
Mauregny-en-Haye is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Augusta, St. Landry Parish, Louisiana
Augusta is an unincorporated community in St. Landry Parish, Louisiana, United States.
An Almost Perfect Affair
An Almost Perfect Affair is a 1979 American romantic comedy movie directed by Michael Ritchie and starring Keith Carradine, Monica Vitti, Raf Vallone, Christian De Sica, Dick Anthony Williams, Katya Berger, Andy Ho, Susan Gilmore. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures.
Flag of Tennessee
The Tennessee state flag is crimson with a blue circle in the middle containing three white stars. The three stars represent the divisions of Tennessee into middle, east and west. The blue circle is symbolic of the eternal unity of the three sections of the state. A navy blue bar is included to give the flag distinction when hanging limp.
Robot
A robot is a machine that can move and do certain tasks.
Robots are controlled by a computer program or electronic circuitry. They may be directly controlled by humans. They may be designed to look like humans, in which case their behaviour may suggest intelligence or thought but they do not have feelings. Most robots do a specific job, and they do not always look like humans. They can come in many forms.
In fiction, however, robots usually look like people, and seem to have a life of their own. There are many books, movies, and video games with robots in them. Isaac Asimov's I, Robot is perhaps the most famous.
History
People have been interested in building machines that do work for us for a long time. But it takes time and money to build just one machine, so early ideas were not built. Leonardo da Vinci designed a man-shaped machine to look like a knight in 1464. It would be controlled with ropes and wheels. Other engineers and dreamers drew mechanical men. In 1920, Karel Čapek wrote a story about them, and he used a word from Czech that is connected with 'work': robot.
The most successful robot designs in the 20th century were not made to look like people. They were designed for use. George Devol made the first of these, the Unimate, in 1954, with one arm and one hand. General Motors bought it in 1960. The next year, it started work in a factory in New Jersey, lifting and stacking pieces of metal that were too hot for people to touch. The engineers could program it, and reprogram it if they had to.
Modern robots
Robots have many uses. Many factories use robots to do hard work quickly and without many mistakes. They do not look like people, because they are made to do things. These are 'industrial' robots. Some robots find and get rid of bombs. If someone makes a mistake, the robot is damaged or destroyed, which is better than a person being killed. There are also robots that help at home, to vacuum or run a lawn mower, for example. Such robots must learn about the area of work.
A few robots do surgery in places inside the body where a human hand is too big.
Planet rovers are robots for exploring distant planets. Because it takes a long time to send a radio signal from Earth to another planet, the robots do much of their work alone, without commands from Earth.
People still think of robots as having a shape like a person—two legs, two arms, and a head. ASIMO is one robot that is helping scientists learn how to design and program robots. It can walk, which is not easy to program.
Eastern thoughts on robots
Roughly half of all the robots in the world are in Asia, 32% in Europe, and 16% in North America, 1% in Australasia and 1% in Africa. 30% of all the robots in the world are in Japan. Japan has the most robots of any country in the world, and is the leader in the world robotics industry. Japan is actually said to be the robotic capital of the world.
In Japan and South Korea, ideas of future robots have been mainly positive. The positive reception of robots there may be partly because of the famous cartoon robot, 'Astroboy'. China expressed views on robotics that are similar to those of Japan and South Korea, but China is behind both America and Europe in robotic development. The East Asian view is that robots should be roughly equal to humans. They feel robots could care for old people, teach children, or serve as assistants. The popular opinion of East Asia is that it would be good for robots to become more popular and more advanced. This view is opposite to the popular Western view.
"This is the opening of an era in which human beings and robots can co-exist," says Japanese firm Mitsubishi about one of the many human-like robots in Japan. The South Korean Ministry of Information and Communication has predicted that every South Korean household will have a robot by between 2015 and 2020.
Western thoughts on robots
Western societies are more likely to be against, or even fear the development of robots. Science fiction movies and other stories often show them as dangerous rebels against humanity.
Winston Lackin
Winston Guno Lackin (23 December 1954 – 11 November 2019) was a Surinamese politician. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs of Suriname in the cabinet of President Dési Bouterse between 13 August 2010 and 13 August 2015.
Robot
Robot laws
The writer Isaac Asimov told many stories about robots who had the three laws of robotics to keep humans safe from them.
Winston Lackin
Lackin died on 11 November 2019 at his home in Suriname from cancer at the age of 64.
Robot
Robot laws
These were not used in real life when he invented them. However, in today's world robots are more complicated, and one day real laws may be needed, much like Isaac Asimov's original three laws.
South Korea was the first country in the world to have laws about robots.
Imtiaz Ali 'Arshi'
Imtiaz Ali Arshi (8 December 1904 – 25 February 1981) was an Indian researcher and scholar. He is best known for his works for Mirza Ghalib. He wrote Ghalib, Maktiba-e-Ghalib (1937), Intikhab-e-Ghalib (1943). He also created his own version of Ghalib's Diwan called Nuskha-e-Arshi published in 1958. Arshi the winner of the 1961 Sahitya Akademi Award in Urdu for the Diwan.
Nuskha-Arshi is cited by Urdu scholar, Gopi Chand Narang. He tried to do the most complete early attempt to publish Ghalib's ghazals in a chronological manner. It allows for a study of the evolution in the poet's themes and techniques.
According to Narang, Arshi's Diwan was the main source for the study of Ghalib's work until a more complete and chronologically correct. Diwan'-e-Raza was published by Kalidas Gupta Riza in 1995.
Voodoo Island
Voodoo Island is a 1957 American horror thriller movie directed by Reginald Le Borg and starring Boris Karloff, Beverly Tyler, Murvyn Vye, Elisha Cook Jr., Rhodes Reason, Jean Engstrom, Adam West. It was distributed by United Artists.
Aswan Dam
Aswan Dam might refer to:
West Coast
West Coast could mean several places:
It can also mean:
Microbiotheria
Microbiotheria are a small order of marsupial mammals with only one living species, the Monito del Monte (Spanish for 'little mountain monkey').
It is the only New World representative of the superorder Australidelphia; all other New World marsupials are part of the Ameridelphia.
At one time, they were placed in the order Didelphimorphia, the opossums, but due to many morphological differences, they were placed in another order. The skull's shape is strange, with many technical differences from the opossums.
Phylogeny and biogeography
It has long been suspected that South American marsupials were ancestral to those of Australia. The two continents were connected via Antarctica in the early Cainozoic era.
Australia’s earliest known marsupial is Djarthia, a primitive mouse-like animal that lived about 55 million years ago. Djarthia had been identified as the earliest known australidelphian, and this research suggested that the Monito del Monte was the last of a clade which included Djarthia.
In 2010, analysis of retrotransposon insertion sites in the nuclear DNA of marsupials confirmed the placement of the Monito del Monte in Australidelphia. It also showed its position as the most basal of that superorder.
The study also confirmed that the most basal of all marsupial orders are the other two South American lineages (Didelphimorphia and Paucituberculata, with the former probably branching first). This indicates that Australidelphia arose in South America (with the ancestors of all other living marsupials), and probably reached Australia in a single dispersal event after Microbiotheria split off (originated).
Ada, Alabama
Ada is an unincorporated community in Montgomery County, Alabama, United States.
Flag of North Carolina
Blue represents vigilance, perseverance & justice; red represents hardiness and valor; white represents purity and innocence. Red and blue are North Carolina's state colors.
Frank Dobson
He worked in the Tony Blair Cabinet as Secretary of State for Health from 1997 to 1999, and was the official Labour Party candidate for Mayor of London in 2000, ultimately finishing third in the election behind Conservative Steven Norris and the winner, Labour-turned-Independent Ken Livingstone.
Dobson retired at the 2015 general election.
Menneville, Aisne
Menneville, Aisne was a commune. It was in Picardie in the Aisne department in north France. On 1 January 2019, it became part of the new commune of Villeneuve-sur-Aisne.
MetLife Stadium
MetLife Stadium is the home football stadium of the New York Giants and New York Jets. It is in East Rutherford, New Jersey, part of the New York metropolitan area. It is located near the site of Giants Stadium, which was the home stadium of the New Jersey Giants from 1976 until December 2009 and the New Jersey Jets from 1984 until January 2010. It opened on April 10, 2010. It is one of the two NFL stadiums shared by two teams.
Louis, Prince of Condé (1668–1710)
Louis de Bourbon, or Louis III, Prince of Condé (10 November 1668 - 4 March 1710) was a Prince of the blood at the French court of Louis XIV. Styled as the Duke of Bourbon from birth, he succeeded his father as Prince of Condé in 1709. He was commonly called Monsieur le Duc. However, he was known by the lesser ducal title. He was prince for less than a year. As a member of the reigning House of Bourbon, he was a prince du sang. He was governor of Burgundy from 1709 to 1710. He was forced to marry an illegitimate daughter of Louis XIV.
Röttingen
Röttingen is a town in Würzburg, in Bavaria, Germany. It is 30 km south of Würzburg, and 15 km east of Bad Mergentheim.
Subdivisions
The town is divided into the sections of Aufstetten, Röttingen, and Strüth.
Bush Christmas
Bush Christmas is a 1983 Australian family drama movie directed by Henri Safran and is the second adaption of the novel by Ralph Smart and Mary Cathcart Borer. It stars Nicole Kidman, John Ewart, John Howard, Mark Spain.
Hitzkirch
Hitzkirch is a municipality of the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2009, Gelfingen, Hämikon, Mosen, Müswangen, Retschwil and Sulz joined Hitzkirch.
Biker Mice from Mars
Biker Mice from Mars is a cartoon created by Rick Ungar that first aired in 1993 in the United States and lasted for three seasons before it was cancelled. It is about three human like mice named Throttle, Modo, and Vinnie. Although there are battles, no blood is shown, no guns are used and many villains are monsters, aliens, and robots.
Super villains
In most episodes Limburger tell Karbunkle to use transporter to bring in one of the very powerful super villains. Each of them have one special ability which is useful for Limburger´s plan in hand.
Video games
A Biker Mice from Mars video game was released by Konami for the Super Nintendo in 1994. The European version features advertisements for Snickers candy bars.
Director of National Intelligence
The Director of National Intelligence (DNI) is the United States government official subject to the authority, direction and control of the President who is responsible under the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 for:
Directors of National Intelligence
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Raquel Castro
Raquel Castro (born November 17, 1994) is an American actress and singer-songwriter. She played Gertie in Jersey Girl in 2004. She played Destiny in Little Fugitive.
Castro was born in Long Island, New York.
Nothing Compares 2 U
"Nothing Compares 2 U" is a song written by Prince for his side project The Family for their debut studio album The Family and was made famous by Irish singer Sinéad O'Connor for her second studio album I Do Not Want What I Haven't Go. It was a worldwide going to number 1 everywhere plus France where it was a top five hit single. It was nominated for 3 Grammy Awards in 1991.
Doctor Poison
Doctor Poison is the name of two fictional characters, supervillains who appear in DC Comics publications and related media. Both villains were members of the super-villain team Villainy Inc. and have appeared as major recurring enemies for Wonder Woman.
The Princess Maru incarnation of Doctor Poison first appeared in Sensation Comics #2 and was created by William Moulton Marston and Harry G. Peter. The second Doctor Poison first appeared in Wonder Woman Vol. 2 #151 and was created by Eric Luke and Matthew Clark.
The original Princess Maru incarnation of the character made her first movie appearance in Wonder Woman (2017), played by Spanish actress Elena Anaya.
John Powell (movie composer)
John Powell (born September 18 1967) is a British American best known for his film scores. He has been based in Los Angeles since 1997 and has composed the scores to over 70 feature films.
Influences
Powell stated composers such as John Williams, Joel McNeely, Elmer Bernstein, Jerry Goldsmith, John Barry, Henry Mancini, Alfred Newman, Alan Menken, Bruce Broughton, Howard Shore, Michael Kamen, James Newton Howard, Buddy Baker, Ennio Morricone, Maurice Jarre, Lalo Schifrin, Alexandre Desplat, Patrick Doyle, Hans Zimmer, Stephen James Taylor, Oliver Wallace, Buddy Baker, Randy Edelman, Max Stiener, Ludwig Von Beethoven, Johan Sebastian Bach, Pyotr Tchaikovsky, Joe Hisaishi, Mark Watters, Nino Rota, Basil Poledouris, Robert Folk, Alex North, Leonard Bernstein, Frank Churchill, George Bruns and James Horner as influences.
Mount Assiniboine Provincial Park
Mount Assiniboine Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia. It is around Mount Assiniboine. It is part of the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Site. It is 48 km southwest of Banff, Alberta.
Bhichai Rattakul
Bhichai Rattakul (พิชัย รัตตกุล, ; 16 September 1926 – 28 February 2022) was a Thai politician. He served as the Thai deputy prime minister between 1983 and 1990 and again from 1997 to 2000. He was the Speaker of the House of Representatives and President of the National Assembly in 2000. He served as the leader of the Democrat Party from 1982 to 1991. He was also world president of Rotary International between 2002 and 2003.
Rattakul was born in Bangkok to a Thai Chinese family. His wife, Khunying Charoye Rattakul, died in 2014. Rattakul died at a hospital in Bangkok on 28 February 2022 from lung cancer, aged 95.
Mennevret
Mennevret is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Division of Throsby
The Division of Throsby was an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It was named after Charles Throsby (1777-1828), a pioneer and explorer in the areas south of Sydney.
Throsby included Albion Park, Berkeley, Berrima, Blackbutt, Bowral, Cringila, Dapto, Exeter, Fitzroy Falls, Horsley, Kembla Grange, Lake Illawarra, Mittagong, Moss Vale, Oak Flats, Port Kembla, Robertson, Warrawong, Welby, Willow Vale, and parts of Warilla.
Members
Jennie George was the first woman to be the President of the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU) 1996-2000.
Laos-China Railway
The Laos-China Railway is a 414-kilometer railway line that connects the capital city of Laos, Vientiane, to the Chinese border.
It is part of China's Belt and Road Initiative. It is expected to help economic development in Laos. It may improve transport of goods between Laos and China. The railway project began in 2016 and was opened in 2021. The line runs between Boten, on the Chinese border and Vientiane. As of 2023 there are no passenger services across the border. As to freight: In the first two and a half months of operation, about 500.000 t of goods were transported, about 100.000 t were transported across the border. Laos is a poor country, and could only cover 30% of the construction costs. China paid the remaining 70%.This debt accounts for about 80% of Laos' Gross domestic product. Estimates are that the interest for the Chinese loan make up about 20% of Laos' yearly expenses. Nevertheless, Laos says that the line is good for the economy, because transporting goods has become much easier, and cheaper.
Douglas Pipes
Douglas Pipes is an American film score composer whose feature films include the Academy Award-nominated Monster House, the horror film Trick 'r Treat, and the Christmas comedy-horror film Krampus.
Influences
Pipes stated composers like Jerry Goldsmith, Alan Menken, James Newton Howard, Elmer Bernstein, Alan Silvestri, James Horner, Michael Giacchino, Henry Mancini, Danny Elfman, Leonard Bernstein, John Williams, Hans Zimmer, Marc Shaiman, Rachel Portman, David Newman, Brian Tyler, Christopher Young, John Barry, Bruce Broughton, Randy Newman, John Powell, Maurice Jarre, Ennio Morricone, Joe Hisaishi, Elliot Goldenthal, Trevor Horn, John Powell, Mychael Danna, Alexandre Desplat, Buddy Baker, Kevin Kiner, Rolfe Kent, Thomas Newman, Bill Conti, Lalo Schifrin, Dave Grusin, Howard Ashman, J.A.C. Redford and Joel McNeely as influences.
Nicolas Cantu
Nicolas Cantu (born September 8, 2003), also known as Junky Janker, is an American actor, YouTuber, stand-up comedian, and animator.
Career
Cantu is best known for his role as Gumball in The Amazing World of Gumball, and as Prince James in Sofia the First for 14 episodes from 2016 to 2018. On YouTube, his channel currently has over 400 thousand subscribers. In 2020, Cantu stars in The Walking Dead spin-off series set a decade after the original one, named The Walking Dead: World Beyond.
References
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Luganda
Ganda or Luganda is a Bantu language of Uganda.
Brixton tube station
Brixton tube station, a station on the London Underground opened on 23 July 1971, is the southern terminus of the Victoria Line.
Brixton used to be the most Southern stop of the Northern line until 1996 when it switched to the Victoria line.
Mercin-et-Vaux
Mercin-et-Vaux is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Nuclear missile
Nuclear missiles are missiles (rockets or cruise missile s that hit something in order to destroy it) with atomic bombs.
In the time of the Cold War the USA and the Soviet Union were enemies and thought the other side was going to attack them. To dissuade the other side from attacking, both sides built many nuclear missiles to ensure Mutual assured destruction. This meant a country that attacked would be destroyed. Treaties were made to reduce the numbers of missiles to make everyone safer.
Ruth Hubbard
Ruth Hubbard (March 3, 1924 – September 1, 2016) was a professor of biology at Harvard University, where she was the first woman to hold a tenured professorship position in biology.
Chrisann Brennan
Chrisann Brennan (29 September 1954) is an American painter and writer.
Lilian Marijnissen
L.M.C. "Lilian" Marijnissen (born 11 July 1985 in Oss) is a Dutch politician of the Socialist Party (SP). She has been political and parliamentary leader since 13 December 2017, succeeding Emile Roemer.
Marijnissen studied political science at Radboud University Nijmegen and the University of Amsterdam.
She was a councillor of Oss from 2003 to 2016, and worked at the Dutch trade union Abvakabo FNV.
Since March 23, 2017 she has been a member of the Second Chamber.
Lilian Marijnissen is the daughter of former SP leader Jan Marijnissen, and former SP alderman of Oss Mari-Anne Marijnissen.
Igor (movie)
Igor is a 2008 animated movie starring John Cusack and a parody of horror movies and Frankenstein. It’s based on the stock character of Igor (character).
Antonio Henares Sierra
Antonio Henares Sierra (born November 21, 1956 in Málaga) is a wheelchair basketball athlete from Spain. He has a physical disability: he is 4 point wheelchair basketball player. He played wheelchair basketball at the 1996 Summer Paralympics. His team was third. They beat the United States 66-60 to finish third.
Komi Dje
Komi Dje (Ԃ,ԃ italics: Ԃ ԃ) was a letter of the Molodtsov alphabet. It is now used only in the writing of the Komi language. It makes the ɟ sound, like in буԃь(budge). The letter is derived from Ԁ, d with the addition of a hook.
Manchester code
The Manchester code is a binary encoding which also encodes the clock signal. This is very useful, because an external clock signal is no longer needed. A sequence of bits modulates the phase of the signal. This is a form of Phase shift keying, often shortened to PSK.