cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Spiritualism
Spiritualism is a belief that humans can communicate with the spirits of the dead. It was popular in the nineteenth century up to the 1930s. The main centres were in America and Europe, with the Caribbean and South America, where it is usually called Spiritism.
Spiritualism did not have a book with authority, but it had pamphlets, meetings and mediums. A medium is a person, often female, who acts as a go-between between the living and the dead.
At its peak, spiritualism was very popular, and its followers formed Spiritualist churches.
Jacob Parrott
Jacob Wilson Parrott (July 17, 1843–December 22, 1908) was the first person to be given the Medal of Honor.
Biography
Parrott was from Fairfield County, Ohio. He joined the 20th OVI for 90 days. When he finished that he returned to his home town of Kenton, Ohio. He joined the United States Army in 1861 as a private in Company K, 33rd Ohio Infantry. He first fought in the Battle of Ivy Mountain. In April 1862, he volunteered to take part in a raid with twenty-one others (later known as "Andrews' Raiders" because they operated under the command of James J. Andrews). After going behind Confederate lines and stealing the locomotive "General," they were captured and imprisoned. Parrott was severely beaten 110 times to try to make him talk. He and fourteen others managed to escape. Only six of them reached friendly lines. He was later exchanged. He met President Abraham Lincoln in Washington, D.C.. Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton gave him the Medal of Honor. He served with the Union Army for the rest of the war. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in 1863 after the Battle of Stones River. H was commissioned as a first lieutenant in 1864.
He returned to Kenton, Ohio after the war. He remained a cabinet maker. He ran a stone quarry south of Kenton, Ohio. Parrott suffered a heart attack and died while walking home from the county courthouse in Kenton, Ohio. He is buried in Grove Cemetery, on State Route 309, east edge of Kenton, Ohio.
Medal of Honor citation
Rank and Organization: Citation: "One of the 19 of 22 men (including 2 civilians) who, by direction of Gen. Mitchell (or Buell) penetrated nearly 200 miles south into enemy territory and captured a railroad train at Big Shanty, Ga., in an attempt to destroy the bridges and tracks between Chattanooga and Atlanta."
Lamborghini Gallardo
The Lamborghini Gallardo is a sportscar that has been built by Lamborghini since 2003 and is Lamborghini's most-produced model to date. The Gallardo is named after a type of fighting bull. Later, at the Geneva Motor Show 2014, the Gallardo was replaced by the Lamborghini Huracán. There are also police car models of the Gallardo for countries like Italy and England. The Gallardo's superior is the Lamborghini Murciélago. The Lamborghini V10 engine was reused in the Audi R8.
Blackjack (1998 movie)
Blackjack is a 1998 Canadian American television action movie directed by John Woo and starring Dolph Lundgren, Peter Keleghan, Fred Williamson, Kate Vernon, Belle Perez, Andrew Jackson, Saul Rubinek, Kam Heskin. It was distributed by Miramax Films.
Sweet Female Attitude
Sweet Female Attitude was a UK garage and R&B girl group, consisting of Leanne Brown and Catherine Cassidy, who are considered a one-hit wonder in the United Kingdom. The group's debut single "Flowers" was an instant hit and reached number two on the UK charts. Their follow up single "8 Days a Week" didn't reach the same success as "Flowers" and missed the top 40 and peaked at 43 on the charts. Their album "In Person" was only released in Germany.
J. Charles Jones
Joseph Charles Jones (August 23, 1937 – December 27, 2019) was an American civil rights leader and lawyer. He was the co-founder of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), and chairperson of the SNCC's direct action committee. Jones was born in Chester, South Carolina.
He led and participated in several sit-in movements during the 1960s. He was chair of SNCC's direct action committee. In 1961 Jones joined the Freedom Riders driving from Atlanta, Georgia, to Birmingham, Alabama. He was later arrested in Montgomery, Alabama.
In 1966, Jones organized an activist organization called the Action Coordinating Committee to End Segregation in the Suburbs or ACCESS.
UK garage
UK garage (sometimes shortened to UKG and simply Garage) is a genre of electronic music originating from England in the early 1990s. It is made up of elements from Garage house, R&B, drum & bass, dance, reggae and hip hop music. It was very popular during the beginning of the 21st Century with teenagers and young adults listening to it. Some of its most popular musicians to perform UK garage are Mis-Teeq, Sweet Female Attitude, So Solid Crew, Shola Ama, Tinie Tempah, DJ Pied Piper, Craig David and Daniel Bedingfield. It is also a genre that blends with grime.
Seasonal affective disorder
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD), also called winter depression, winter blues, summer depression and seasonal depression, is a mood disorder that happens in people who have normal mental health throughout most of the year. They show depressive symptoms at the same time each year, usually in the winter.
Cause and Symptoms
Some people think that SAD is related to not having enough serotonin because they don't get enough sunlight, which could cause serotonin polymorphisms. Serotonin polymorphisms could be the cause in SAD, although it has been disputed (people think it's not correct).
Some symptoms are:
Treatment
Treatments include light therapy, medication, ionized-air administration, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and taking the hormone melatonin at the right time. Doctors often cure SAD with bright light therapy, although normal light therapy is the most common treatment for SAD. Part of light therapy can include being in sunlight, either directly from being outside, or by using a computer controlled heliostat (a device that includes a mirror, usually a plain mirror, usually turns to keep reflecting sunlight on a specific object) to reflect into the windows of a home or office. Physical exercise is also a good form of therapy for SAD, especially when combined with other forms of treatments.
Cary, Mississippi
Cary is a town in Sharkey County, Mississippi, United States.
River Irwell
The River Irwell is a river which flows through the Irwell Valley in the counties of Lancashire and Greater Manchester in North West England. It is 39 mi long. The start of the river is at Irwell Springs on Deerplay Moor, about 1.5 mi north of the town of Bacup, in the parish of Cliviger, Lancashire. The Irwell flows through the city centres of Manchester and Salford, before joining the River Mersey near Irlam.
University College Dublin A.F.C.
University College Dublin A.F.C., more commonly known as U.C.D, are a football team from Dublin, Ireland.
They currently (in 2023) play in the League of Ireland Premier Division, which is the highest football competition in Ireland.
Oleksandr Marchenko (politician)
Oleksandr Oleksandrovych Marchenko (Олекса́ндр Олекса́ндрович Ма́рченко; 14 January 1965 – 7 March 2022) was a Ukrainian politician. He was a member of Svoboda. He was in the Verkhovna Rada from 2014 to 2019.
Marchenko died in battle in Pushcha-Vodytsia while fighting in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine on 7 March, at the age of 57.
Acetone
Acetone, or propanone, is an organic compound with the chemical formula (CH3)2CO. This clear, mobile, easy-to-burn liquid is the simplest example of the ketones. Acetone can be mixed with water. It is an important solvent, often to clean things in the laboratory. Common uses of acetone in the home are as the active ingredient in nail polish remover and as paint thinner. It is a common building block in organic chemistry.
Coevolution
Coevolution is where the existence of one species is tightly bound up with the life of one or more other species. Species whose lives connect, evolve together. What happens is that survival rates in each species changes as a result of changes in the other species.
Examples of coevolution are: Coevolution is extremely common, and may involve more than two species. Mimicry rings, with dozens of species, are known.
Albert, Somme
Albert is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
It is about halfway between Amiens and Bapaume.
List of rivers of Mozambique
This is a list of streams and rivers in Mozambique
December
December (Dec.) is the twelfth and last month of the year in the Gregorian calendar, coming between November (of the current year) and January (of the following year). It has 31 days. With the name of the month coming from the Latin decem for "ten", it was the tenth month of the year before January and February were added to the Roman calendar.
Coevolution
History
The study of coevolution dates back to Darwin's On the Origin of Species. There he discussed how cats increased heather by reducing mice. The point being that mice raid bumblebee nests and bumblebees pollinate red heather. So more cats cause more heather. p74 In the last paragraph of the Origin Darwin remarks:
Aizecourt-le-Haut
Aizecourt-le-Haut is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
Coevolution
History
Hermann Müller was an important worker on co-evolution. His studies on bees and the evolution of flowers were quoted by Darwin in The Descent of Man. His papers in the journal Nature had heading On the fertilisation of flowers by insects and on the reciprocal adaptations of both. This shows Müller fully understood the concept of coevolution.
Taylorsville, Mississippi
Taylorsville is a town in Smith County, Mississippi, United States.
List of rivers of Mozambique
B
Buzi River
Magnetic permeability
Magnetic permeability is a way to explain how easy or hard it is for a substance to support a magnetic field. It is usually represented in science by the Greek letter µ.
Mize, Mississippi
Mize is a town in Smith County, Mississippi, United States.
Doddsville, Mississippi
Doddsville is a town in Sunflower County, Mississippi, United States.
Pens Corner
Pens Corner in Dublin, Ireland was a business that used to supply pens across the world and in Ireland since the 1920s. They were a company that used to home pens from all across the world including parts of Europe such as Switzerland, France, Italy, Germany, the United Kingdom these brands would include Caran D'Ache, Waterman, Mont Blanc, Lamy, Faber Castell, Montegrappa, Visconti, ST. Dupont, Namisu, Dunhill, Cartier, and Parker; the United States would home brands such as Sheaffer(now partnered with William Penn from India), Cross and Easterbrook and parts of Asia such as Japan would home pens such as Pilot, Curidas and Sailor. Pens Corner would also be situated in Dubai, United Arab Emirates since the 1990s with staff from Dubai, Kerala and Mumbai, Pens Corner Dubai would be associated with King's formerly known as King's Traders a custom made online shoe store integrated with selling pens. King's has been a business in Dubai since the late 1960s.
List of rivers of Mozambique
C
Chindi River
K
Komati River
M
Maputo River - Mazowe River - Manisi River - Messalo River - Matola River
P
Pungwe River
R
Ruvuma River
S
Save River (Africa) - Shire River
Z
Zambezi River
Pens Corner
Pens Corner Dublin has been in Dublin 12 College Green, Dublin 2, D02 H973, Ireland, and has relocated in 2022 and has renamed itself to Pen Palace in Dublin, Unit 317a, Marine Rd, Dún Laoghaire Shoppin Center, Dublin, Ireland. The store opens at 9:00 am.
Coevolution
Pollination
The life and death of living things is intimately connected, not just with the physical environment, but with the life of other species. These relationships are dynamic, and may continue for millions of years, as has the relationship between flowering plants and insects (pollination). The gut contents, wing structures, and mouthparts of fossilized beetles and flies suggest that they acted as early pollinators. The association between beetles and angiosperms during the Lower Cretaceous period led to parallel radiations of angiosperms and insects into the late Cretaceous. The evolution of nectaries in Upper Cretaceous flowers signals the beginning of the mutualism between hymenopterans and angiosperms.
Pens Corner
Also see
William Penn (Pen company from India, branches across India)
Coevolution
Parasitism
Another good example is malaria, in which there are three 'partners': the mosquito, the parasite Plasmodium, and a land vertebrate, such as a mammal or bird. The actual species of malaria differs according to the vertebrate, so there are actually thousands of different relationships which follow the same pattern.
Pens Corner
Also see
Fountain Pen Hospital (Manhattan, New York)
D'Lo, Mississippi
D'Lo is a town in Simpson County, Mississippi, United States.
December
December always begins on the same day of the week as September, and ends on the same day of the week as April.
December's flower is the Narcissus. Its birthstone is the turquoise.
Some of the holidays celebrated in December are Christmas, New Year's Eve, Kwanzaa, and Hanukkah.
The Month
December is the 12th and last month of every calendar year in the Gregorian calendar, and is one of seven months of the year to have 31 days. December 31 is followed by January 1 of the following year.
Aizecourt-le-Haut
Geography
The commune is 35 km northeast of Saint-Quentin.
December
The Month
December begins on the same day of the week as September every year, as each other's first days are exactly 13 weeks (91 days) apart. December ends on the same day of the week as April every year, as each other's last days are exactly 35 weeks (245 days) apart.
In common years, December starts on the same day of the week as April and July of the previous year, and in leap years, October of the previous year. In common years, December finishes on the same day of the week as July of the previous year, and in leap years, February and October of the previous year. In leap years and years immediately after that, December both starts and finishes on the same day of the week as January of the previous year.
In years immediately before common years, December starts on the same day of the week as June of the following year, and in years immediately before leap years, March and November of the following year. In years immediately before common years, December finishes on the same day of the week as September of the following year, and in years immediately before leap years, March and June of the following year.
December is one of two months to have a solstice (the other is June, its seasonal equivalent in both hemispheres), and in this month the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere is turned towards the Sun, meaning that December 21 or December 22 is the Northern Winter Solstice and the Southern Summer Solstice. This means that this date would have the least daylight of any day in the Northern Hemisphere, and the most in the Southern Hemisphere. There are 24 hours of darkness at the North Pole and 24 hours of daylight at the South Pole.
In mainly Christian countries, December is dominated by Christmas, which is celebrated on December 25 in most of those countries, though Eastern Orthodox Christians celebrate it on January 7. It marks the birth of Jesus Christ. Epiphany, January 6, is also important in relation to Christmas. Advent starts on the Sunday on, or closest to, November 30, and some countries have their own related celebration before the 25th. Sinterklaas is celebrated on December 5 in the Netherlands and Belgium, and St. Nicholas Day on December 6 is also celebrated in some countries. The Scandinavian countries, mainly Sweden, celebrate St. Lucia Day on December 13, while Iceland celebrates Thorlaksmessa on December 23. The week after Christmas is spent preparing for New Year.
Coevolution
Rapid speciation
Adaptive radiation and speciation rates can be high in parasites. Sibling species are very common in the bug Erythroneura, in which about 150 transfers from one host to another has resulted in about 500 species in the genus.
The clearest evidence comes from the large size of many parasitic families.
A huge number of species are parasitic. A survey of the feeding habits of British insects showed that about 35% were parasites on plants, and slightly more were parasites on animals. That means that nearly 71% of insects in Britain are parasitic. Since British insects are better known than those elsewhere (because of the length of time they have been studied), this means that by far the majority of insect species throughout the world are parasitic. Another estimate went: p3
There are several other invertebrate phyla which are wholly or largely parasitic. Flatworms and roundworms are found in virtually every wild species of vertebrate. Protozoan parasites are also ubiquitous. Hence parasitism is almost certainly the most common feeding method on Earth.
Numbers of species
Recent publications have given an overview of the 150 years of research into co-evolution after the Origin of species. Many species are parasites or are specialised to live in one or a few hosts. A single species of tropical tree is, on average, a host to 162 host-specific beetle species. Since there are 50,000 tropical tree species, and beetles amount to 40% of total insect species, and there are also tree-specific species below the canopy, it is possible to estimate the total number of arthropod species living in tropical forests. The number is 30 million. This contrasts rather strongly with the total of 1.4 to 1.8 million species which have already been described. It seems textbooks have underestimated the number of species in existence by a factor of about 20.
The single factor which most causes this high number of species is phytophagy: the huge number of insect species, each eating one or a few plant species. And what insects do, so do fungi, nematodes, mites and other invertebrates.
Geographic mosaic
The geographic mosaic theory of coevolution was developed by John N Thompson as a framework for envisioning the coevolutionary process in real populations and species. It has been an attempt to incorporate the minimum components of population biology needed for an ecologically and evolutionarily realistic theory of coevolution and evolving interactions in general. It applies to pairs of interacting species, small groups of interacting species, and large webs of interactions.
Assumptions: Geographic mosaic theory is based on several observations long known to biologists. These observation are taken as assumptions in the development of geographic mosaic theory:
1. Species are often collections of genetically distinct populations
2. Interacting species often differ in their geographic ranges
Inverness, Mississippi
Inverness is a town in Sunflower County, Mississippi, United States.
Coevolution
Geographic mosaic
3. interactions among species differ among environments in their ecological outcomes.
The Hypothesis: From these assumptions, geographic mosaic theory argues that coevolution proceeds by natural selection acting on three sources of variation that affect interactions among species. These three sources of variation can be formally partitioned as genotype by genotype by environment interactions (GxGxE).
1. Geographic selection mosaics: The structure of natural selection on interactions differs among environments (e.g., high vs. low temperatures, high vs. low nutrient conditions; a surrounding species web that is species-rich vs. species poor). This variation occurs because genes are expressed in different ways in different environments (GxE interactions) and species affect each other's fitness in different ways in different environments.
For example,  an interaction may be antagonistic in one environment and mutualistic in another environment; or it may be antagonistic in all environments but selection may favor different traits in different environments).
2. Coevolutionary hotspots: The intensity of reciprocal selection differs among environments. Interactions are subject to reciprocal selection only within some local communities, called coevolutionary hotspots. These coevolutionary hotspots are embedded in a broader matrix of coevolutionary coldspots, where local natural selection is non-reciprocal or where only one of the participants occurs.
For example, an interaction may be mutualistic or antagonistic in some environments (coevolutionary hotspots) but commensalistic in other environments (coevolutionary coldspots).
3. Trait remixing: The overall genetic structure of coevolving species continually changes through new mutations, genomic alterations, gene flow among populations, differential random genetic drift among populations, and extinction of local populations that differ in the combinations of coevolving traits they harbor. New genetic material on which natural selection can act can result from simple genetic mutations, chromosomal rearrangements, hybridization between populations, or whole genome duplications (polypoloidy). These processes contribute to the shifting geographic mosaic of coevolution by continually altering the spatial distributions of potentially coevolving genes and traits.
The combination of these processes continually changes the distribution of genotypes within any local population and the distribution of genotypes among populations.
NOTE: Some descriptions of geographic mosaic theory collapse this “trait remixing” part of geographic mosaic theory to gene flow. That is an incorrect characterization. The point of trait remixing is that through a combination of genetic, genomic, and ecological processes, the available distribution of coevolving traits on which natural selection can act continues to change over time within and among populations.
The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask
The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask (ゼルダの伝説 ムジュラの仮面) is an action-adventure video game made by Nintendo for the Nintendo 64 game console. The game was remade in 2015 for the Nintendo 3DS titled The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask 3D.
It was also included in The Legend of Zelda: Collector's Edition.
Plot
After The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time, Link is led to Termina by the possessed Skull Kid and is turned into a Deku, a small, wooden creature. He meets the Happy Mask Salesman, a very moody man. He offers to fix Link if he gets the mask Skull Kid got with a time of three days. However, three days passed, and the Skull Kid, possessed with Majora's Mask (what the Happy Mask Salesman needed) brings the moon down to destroy Termina. Link stops him, gets his ocarina back, and returns back three days ago. He returns to the Salesman who believes Link has the mask. He reheals him before he sees Link never got the mask. Link now has to stop the moon that will destroy everything, which is being done by Majora's Mask, the mask held by Skull Kid. To stop it, he needs to summon the Four Giants. He fights the possessed spirits, and the Giants hold the moon. However, Majora's Mask leaves Skull Kid and goes to the Moon, After helping people, Link finally goes to the moon. It is actually a plain with a tree. Under the tree, a kid agrees to play with him as the final battle takes hold. Link finally defeats the evil in Majora's Mask and it is now a lifeless mask. He returns it to the Salesman. After this, Link leaves Termina as the game ends.
Coevolution
Geographic mosaic
In studies of coevolution, a GxGxE interaction can be viewed either in the most formal way at the gene or genotype level (i.e., how selection acts on the same gene or genotype in across contrasting environments), or it can be viewed more generally at the level of how natural selection acts on two or more interacting species across many contrasting environments.
1987 Giro d'Italia
The 1987 Giro d'Italia was the 70th edition of the race. It began on 21 May with a 4 km prologue in San Remo. It concluded on 13 June with a 32 km individual time trial in Saint-Vincent. It was a total of 180 riders from 20 teams entered the 22-stage. The distance for the race was 3915 km. It was won by Irishman Stephen Roche of the team. British rider Robert Millar and Dutchman Erik Breukink were became second and third positions respectively.
Mold, Flintshire
Mold (Yr Wyddgrug) is a town and community in Flintshire, a county of Wales. It is in the preserved county of Clwyd. In 2011, it had a population of 10,058.
It is an old town and was first recorded in 1280.
Mold is the county town of Flintshire and was the county town of Clwyd from 1974 to 1996.
The town's Welsh name means "The Mound of the Tomb/Sepulchre".
1987 Giro d'Italia
In addition to the general classification, Roche also won the combination classification. In the other race classifications, Johan van der Velde of Gis Gelati–Jollyscarpe won the points classification and Robert Millar of  took the mountains classification green jersey. Selca–Conti's Roberto Conti completed the Giro as the best neo-professional in the general classification. It finished fifteenth overall. Panasonic–Isostar finished as the winners of the team classification. It ranks each of the twenty teams contesting the race by lowest growing time.
Coevolution
Geographic mosaic
See books by John N Thompson (1982 Interaction and Coevolution; 1994 The Coevolutionary Process; 2005 The Geographic Mosaic of Coevolution; 2013 Relentless Evolution)
Deadline
A deadline is a time by which some task must be completed.
Webb, Mississippi
Webb is a town in Tallahatchie County, Mississippi, United States.
Deadline
Very often, it means a time limit that is set in place by an authority - for example, a teacher tells students that they must turn in their homework in by a certain time. This is so the teacher is able to report fairly to his or her principal that every student had the same chance to do the work.
Chester, South Carolina
Chester is a small city in Chester County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 5,607 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Chester County. Chester County is part of the Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia Metropolitan Statistical Area (formerly Columbia, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area until 1987)
Deadline
Deadlines may also be set by a time horizon that comes from something that is not a human authority, but part of nature. For example, by sunset one must do those tasks requiring daylight. However, a human must watch the sun and decide what light is strong enough to still be daylight, so time limits will still be involved even if one observes a horizon and sets a deadline oneself.
A way to remember this is that a time horizon is like the physical horizon where sunset happens and a time limit is a thing people set up to deal with this. A deadline is a thing powerful people set up to ensure less powerful people comply with their way of doing things.
Dieu a besoin des hommes
Dieu a besoin des hommes (God Needs Man) is a 1950 French drama movie directed by Jean Delannoy and starring Antoine Balpêtré, Lucienne Bogaert, Charles Bouillaud. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Roger Mayweather
Roger Mayweather (April 24, 1961 – March 17, 2020) was an American professional boxer and trainer. He was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan.
Mayweather competed from 1981 to 1999, and until 2020, had worked as a boxing trainer. He was a two-weight world champion, having held the WBA and lineal super featherweight titles from 1983 to 1984, and the WBC light welterweight title from 1987 to 1989.
He held the IBO light welterweight title in 1994, and the IBO welterweight title from 1994 to 1995.
Roger was a part of the Mayweather boxing family: his brothers are Floyd Mayweather Sr. and Jeff Mayweather, and his nephew is Floyd Mayweather Jr. Roger was Mayweather Jr.'s trainer from 2000 to 2012.
Mayweather died on March 17, 2020 in Las Vegas, Nevada from diabetes-related problems, aged 58.
Russians
Russians are an ethnic group and nation native to Russia. They are the world’s largest Slavic ethnic group. 14% of Russians live in the former Soviet Union states, especially in Ukraine and Kazakhstan. Most Russians are Orthodox Christians.
Årsunda
Årsunda is a locality in Sandviken Municipality in Gävleborg County in Sweden. In 2010, 1,008 people lived there.
Allaines
Allaines is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
Geography
The commune is about 34 km northeast of Saint-Quentin.
Vincent de Paul
St. Vincent de Paul (24 April 1581 – 27 September 1660) was a French Roman Catholic priest who dedicated himself to serving the poor. He is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion. He was canonized in 1737. He was renowned for his compassion, humility and generosity and is known as the "Great Apostle of Trumpets."
GEICO
The Government Employees Insurance Company (GEICO ) is an American auto insurance company. Its headquarters is in Chevy Chase, Maryland. It is the second largest auto insurer in the United States, after State Farm.
Pygmy peoples
Pygmy is a word that describes several ethnic groups with unusually short people. According to anthropologists, pygmies can be any group where adult men are less than 150 cm tall on average. The best known pygmies are the Aka, Efé and Mbuti of central Africa. There are also pygmies in Australia, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, and Brazil. The Negritos of Southeast Asia are also called pygmies.
The word "pygmy" is sometimes thought to be pejorative (an insult). It is, however, the only word that is used to call all African Midgets. The word Bayaka is sometimes used in the Central African Republic to refer to all local Pygmies. In the Congo Basin, pygmies are called the Kongo word Bambenga.
Name
The name "pygmy" comes from the Greek word πυγμαίος (pygmaios). This word was derived from (came from) the word πυγμή which is the length between a person's elbow and knuckles. The Latin word Pygmaeus (pl. pygmaei) came from this older Greek word.
The word was first used in Greek mythology by the poet Homer. He wrote about a tribe of dwarfs called Pygmies who lived in India and Ethiopia.
Origins
There are a number of theories to explain why pygmies are so short. It has been proved that their height is hereditary, and is passed on from parents to children. It may have evolved because of the low ultraviolet light found in rainforests, where many pygmies live. This would mean that the pygmies would make less vitamin D in their skin. Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium, which is important for bones to grow. Since the pygmies would get less calcium, they would have smaller bones and skeletons.
There are other explanations for why pygmies are so short. Some explanations are: Some research shows that the genes for the growth hormone receptor and growth hormone are found much less in pygmies than in related tribes. These genes are important for humans to grow tall.
The Club (Nickelodeon)
Nicktropolis was a virtual world made for children aged six to fourteen.
Pygmy peoples
Groups
There are a number of Pygmy groups living in Africa. The three best-known groups are the Mbenga, Mbuti, and Twa groups. Each big group includes several tribes that have their own language.
The Club (Nickelodeon)
History
Building of Nicktropolis started in November 2004. It went into testing by late 2005, and was given out to members by January 6, 2007. The game opened to all people on January 30, 2007. It ended due to the new Nickelodeon update and the Nickelodeon message board has been shut down too.
Blue Mountain, Mississippi
Blue Mountain is a town in Tippah County, Mississippi, United States.
Pygmy peoples
Groups
The Mbenga people, sometimes called the Ba-Mbenga, live in the western Congo basin. The Mbenga include the Aka people, who speak the Aka language. The Aka live in the Central African Republic and the Republic of Congo. The M-Benzélé people, or "western Aka", and the Ba-Sese people, "eastern Aka", are also related.
Other Mbenga pygmies are the Baka people of Cameroon, Gabon, and Republic of Congo. They speak three very similar languages: Baka language, Ganzi language, and Gundi language. Another group of Mbenga pygmies are the Gyele people. The Gyele live in Cameroon and speak Gyele language.
The Mbuti people, sometimes called the Bambuti, live in the Ituri rainforest in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. They include the Efé people, Asua people, and the Kango people. The Efé speak the Efé language. The Asua speak the Asoa language. The Kango speak the Kango language.
The Twa people, or Ba-Twa, live in Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Uganda. The Twa speak Kirundi and Kinyarwanda.
Coldwater, Mississippi
Coldwater is a town in Tate County, Mississippi, United States.
Austria at the 2018 Winter Paralympics
Team
Austria is sending 13 people to compete in three sports: para-alpine skiing, para-snowboarding and cross-country skiing.
The table below contains the list of members of people (called "Team Austria") that will be participating in the 2018 Games. Secretary General Petra Huber and Chef de Mission Julia Voglmayr traveled to South Korea for a meeting with the Chef de Missions of 32 other countries in March 2017, a year before the Games were scheduled to start.
Medals and medalists
If someone from Austria wins a medal, they will get a cash reward of between €4000 and €8000.
Skiers
Gernot Morgenfurts decided he wanted to start skiing after his multiple sclerosis became worse. He physically prepared himself before starting the sport in 2015. Later that year, he participated in the Austria Cup. Morgenfurts started competing internationally during the 2016/2017 World Cup season. Because of problems with his sight, he needs a guide skier. For the 2018 Games, that skier is Christoph Gmeiner. They use headsets to talk to each other during races. Pyeongchang 2018 is his first major international skiing competition.
Morgenfurts was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis 30 years before the start of the 2018 Games. As the disease has progressed, his vision has become worse.
Thomas Grochar is a standing skier. Grochar won silver at the end of 2016/2017 World Cup season.
Before the Games
Thomas Grochar went to Slovenia in January 2018. He competed in the World Cup in Kranjska Gora.
Schedule and training
Skiers had training runs for the downhill race on 7 March. Their practice runs in the downhill on 8 and 9 March were cancelled.
The first event on the para-alpine program was the downhill. It started on 10 March, running from 9:30 AM to 1:30 PM. Claudia Lösch, Markus Salcher, Nico Pajantschitsch, Roman Rabl and Simon Wallner were registered to start.
The second event on the program was Super-G. All skiers raced between 9:30 AM and 1:00 PM on 11 March. Claudia Lösch, Markus Salcher, Thomas Grochar, Martin Würz, Nico Pajantschitsch, Roman Rabl, Simon Wallner, Gernot Morgenfurt and guide Christoph Gmeiner were scheduled to start in this event.
The slalom event gets underway on 14 March and conclude on 15 March. Women and men both race during the same sessions in the morning. The afternoon sessions start with the women doing their second run. Then the men go. Claudia Lösch, Heike Eder, Thomas Grochar, Martin Würz, Nico Pajantschitsch, Roman Rabl, Markus Gfatterhofer, Simon Wallner, Gernot Morgenfurt and guide Christoph Gmeiner are registered to start in the slalom.
The last para-alpine skiing race of the 2018 Games is the giant slalom. It takes place on 17 - 18 March. Men and women both race at the same time in the morning sessions. Women race first in the afternoon sessions, with the men racing a half hour after they end. Claudia Lösch, Heike Eder, Markus Salcher, Thomas Grochar, Martin Würz, Nico Pajantschitsch, Roman Rabl, Markus Gfatterhofer, Simon Wallner, Gernot Morgenfurt and his guide Christoph Gmeiner should all start in this event.
Results
Theo Gmur won a gold medal in the men's downhill standing race. Arthur Bauchet of France won silver. Markus Salcher of Austria won bronze. In the women's Super-G sitting race, Anna Schaffelhuber of Germany won gold, Claudia Loesch of Austria won silver, and Momoka Muraoka of Japan won bronze. In the men's Super-G standing race, Theo Gmur of Switzerland won gold, Arthur Bauchet of France won silver, and Markus Salcher of Austria won bronze.
Skiers
Carina is blind. Her brother, Julian, is her guide skier. She first competed for Austria in 2016. At the 2017 World Championships in Finsterau, Germany, Carina won 2 gold medals and 1 bronze medal. Carina was awarded the Golden Lion as "Rookie of the Year" at the Leonidas Sports Gala 2017.
Schedule and results
On 12 March, the 15 km race takes place, with standing and vision impaired women starting at 10:00 PM. Carina Edlinger and guide Julian Edlinger are scheduled to start. The pair are then scheduled to start in the sprint classic qualification. It takes place on 14 March from 10:00 AM – 11:25 AM for both men and women in all classes. It is followed in the afternoon by the semifinals and finals. The classic race takes place on 17 March. Carina Edlinger and guide Julian Edlinger are scheduled to participate in the 7.5 km race. The standing and visually impaired women's race takes place from 10:00 AM - 12:30.
Patrick Mayrhofer and Reinhold Schett are scheduled to start in the snowboard cross event. The program has the race starting on 12 March, running from 10:30 AM to 5:00 PM for all classes for both men and women. The slalom race is scheduled to take place on 16 March, going from 10:30 AM – 4:55 PM for men and women in all classes. Patrick Mayrhofer and Reinhold Schett are both scheduled to start.
Social space
Austria, Switzerland and Germany are co-hosting "Alpenhaus" in Pyeongchang. It is a place where people can celebrate winning Paralympic medals.
Benjamin, Texas
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Patti LaBelle
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She was the lead singer of Patty La Belle and the Bluebells during the 1960s and 70s. Later the group was known as simply "Labell". In this later group the style was more laid back, singing hits like The Rolling Stones' Wild Horses.
Villeneuve-sur-Lot
Villeneuve-sur-Lot (Gascon: Vilanuèva d'Olt) is a town and commune in southwestern France, in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. It is a subprefecture of the Lot-et-Garonne department. The commune was formerly named Villeneuve-d'Agen.
It is also the capital of the arrondissement of Villeneuve-sur-Lot and of 2 cantons in the department: Villeneuve-sur-Lot-1 and Villeneuve-sur-Lot-2.
History
The region where the city is was first populated by the Romans. In the 11th century, a Benedictine abbey was constructed near where is the city now. There was a small village of potters and farmers around the abbey. Between 1254 and 1263, Alphonse of Poitiers had a bastide built. He also gave the bastide city rights. The bastide has a rectangular look, with a central square.
Because of its privileged geographical situation on the river lot, the city played an important role in wars of the region:
Geography
The commune has an area of 81.3 km2. Its average altitude is 126 m; at the city hall, the altitude is 56 m.
The Lot river flows through the city of Villeneuve-sur-Lot. The Lède river, a tributary of the Lot, flows through the northern part of the commune.
Climate
The climate of Villeneuve-sur-Lot is an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb), with mild winters and warm summers.
Population
The inhabitants of Villeneuve-sur-Lot are known, in French, as Villeneuvois (women: Villeneuvoises).
Falkner, Mississippi
Falkner is a town in Tippah County, Mississippi, United States.
Villeneuve-sur-Lot
Population
With a population of 23,263, Villeneuve-sur-Lot has a population density of inhabitants/km2.
Evolution of the population in Villeneuve-sur-Lot
Administration
Villeneuve-sur-Lot is a subprefecture of the Lot-et-Garonne department since 1800. It is also the capital of the arrondissement of Villeneuve-sur-Lot and the administrative centre (chef-lieu) of 2 cantons:
It is part of the intercommunality Grand Villeneuvois (Communauté d'agglomération du Grand Villeneuvois).
Twin towns
Villeneuve-sur-Lot is twinned with:
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Álvaro Teherán
Álvaro Teherán (January 6, 1966 – May 4, 2020) was a Colombian basketball player. He was born in the town of María La Baja, Colombia. He was selected as the 44th overall pick in the 1991 NBA Draft by the Philadelphia 76ers. Teherán played college basketball at Houston Baptist from 1987 to 1989 and Houston from 1989 to 1991.
In December 2019, Teherán was hospitalized for renal failure in Cartagena, Colombia. He died on May 4, 2020 at the age of 54.
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Neuenhäusen
Neuenhäusen is a suburb of the town of Celle in Lower Saxony, Germany, and is south of the Altstadt (old town) in its centre.
Walnut, Mississippi
Walnut is a town in Tippah County, Mississippi, United States.
Kettleman City, California
Kettleman City is a census-designated place (CDP) in Kings County, California.
Ben Schwartz
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Tavistock Square
Tavistock Square is a public town square in Bloomsbury, in the London Borough of Camden.
History
The area was where one of the 7/7 attacks took place, when Hassib Hussain exploded a bomb on a bus near Woburn Place. The explosion would kill 13 people. This was the only bombing of the 4 bombings on that day that took place on a bus. The bus had went on a different route than usual because of the attacks earlier.
Dumas, Mississippi
Dumas is a town in Tippah County, Mississippi, United States.
Tavistock Square
Art
In the middle of the gardens is a statue of Mahatma Gandhi, made by Fredda Brilliant and put into the gardens in 1968. It is for people to leave flowers to remember him for his peaceful campaigning.
A cherry tree was planted in 1967 to remember people who died to the nuclear bombings in Japan.
The square contains a place to remember the doctor Dame Louisa Aldrich-Blake (1865 –1925), with a statue of Aldrich-Blake by Arthur George Walker planned out by Sir Edwin Lutyens.
Belmont, Mississippi
Belmont is a town in Tishomingo County, Mississippi, United States.
Confessions (Usher album)
Confessions is the fourth studio album by American singer Usher. It was released on March 23, 2004 from Arista Records. The album was recorded between 2003 and 2004. It was produced by Jermaine Dupri, Jimmy Jam, Terry Lewis, and Lil Jon. Confessions is an R&B album with some hip hop and crunk styles. The album's theme had controversy. This was because of Usher's personal relationship. Producer, Jermaine Dupri later said that the album is about Usher's personal story.
The album was a success in the United States. It sold 1,095,000 copies the first week. It continued to sell more copies because of its four singles. A special edition version was released. It had the hit single "My Boo". This was to try and help the album sell more records and to stop bootlegging. Some music critics gave a mixed review for the album's lyrics. However, the album was given positive reviews. The album also won several awards. It won a Grammy Award for Best Contemporary R&B Album.
Pasture
A pasture is a piece of land. Usually specific grasses and herbs are grown on it. Then livestock is put on for grazing. Rangeland is similarly used, but less controlled.
Confessions (Usher album)
Personnel
Credits for Confessions from Allmusic.
Arena da Amazônia
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The stadium has an all-seater capacity of 44,300 and was constructed from 2010 to 2014 as part of Brazil's hosting of the 2014 FIFA World Cup.
It hosted matches of the football tournament at the 2016 Summer Olympics. During the World Cup, the arena had a limited maximum-capacity of 40,549.
No Mercy (UK)
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Katie Carter-Gutierrez
Katie Carter-Gutierrez (born October 10, 1985) is an American volleyball player and coach.
She played at the 2011–12 CEV Women's Challenge Cup, winning a silver medal, and 2018 CEV Volleyball Challenge Cup.
Burnsville, Mississippi
Burnsville is a town in Tishomingo County, Mississippi, United States.
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She grew up in Steamboat Springs, Colorado. She played for University of California, Los Angeles's women's volleyball team.
She played for Criollas de Caguas, Club Voleibol Aguere, Volero Zurich, Agel Prostejov, Dicle Üniversitesi Spor Kulübü, Polluelas de Aibonito, and VBN Nantes.
Dutton's Speedwords
Dutton Speedwords is a made-up language written by Reginald John Garfield Dutton. The idea of Dutton Speedwords is to make frequent words short, and very frequent words very short. Dutton Speedwords can be used as a second language for international communications. Dutton Speedwords is also a shorthand writing system – this means you can use it to write quickly.
The method was made up by Reginald John Garfield Dutton (1886-1970) in 1922. It was first published in 1935. It was called International Symbolic Script. A year later, it was called Speedwords. It was changed in 1946 and 1951.