cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Social contract
A social contract or political contract is a perceived agreement among the people of a state about the rules that will define their government. These rules are usually called laws. Laws help to make sure people have rights and that their rights are protected. One kind of social contract is a constitution. A constitution says how decisions are made, and sets limits on the powers of leaders and other people who have authority.
In the Age of Enlightenment, philosophers Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau wrote books about social contracts. They saw good government as coming from social contracts. Rousseau wrote a book called The Social Contract. Both the United States Declaration of Independence and United States Constitution use the theory of social contracts.
The State of nature is the time before the social contract
Philadelphia, Mississippi
Philadelphia is a city and a county seat of Neshoba, Mississippi, Mississippi, United States. The population was 7,477 at the 2010 census.
Courcité
Courcité is a commune of 992 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Slang
Slang are words that are informal. Usually each generation or social group has its own slang - for example, older people can have trouble understanding the slang of younger people. On the other hand, younger people often understand, but find silly or old-fashioned, the slang of older people.
Over time, language tends to get more complex, since new words enter much faster than old words leave. Over time, slang almost always becomes part of the language, and approved for use by all.
Wanting to have rules of grammar that do not change and the same vocabulary used by everyone for better communication is another reason that is often given for defining one group's language as correct.
An "idiom" can be slang, but it can also be a metaphor that becomes part of the culture.
Boyar
A boyar was a member of the ruling nobility in medieval Russia and some other Slavic countries such as Bulgaria. The boyars held the most important jobs in the army. They met in a group called the duma and gave advice to the ruling prince or, in later times, the tsar. In the 13th and 14th centuries they were rich landowners who could advise the prince, but they were free to go and work for another prince if they wanted to.
Miyazaki Prefecture
Miyazaki Prefecture (宮崎県) is a prefecture in the Kyūshū region of Japan on the island of Kyushu. The capital city is Miyazaki.
Slang
Two examples of slang are 'wassup' and 'dunnow'. 'Wassup' usually means 'What is up?' (as in, 'How are you?'), and 'dunnow' usually means 'I don't know'.
Miyazaki Prefecture
History
After the Meiji Restoration, the area of Hyūga Province was renamed Miyazaki Prefecture.
Miyazaki is famous for various foods such as meat and fruit.
Tula Pahate Re
Tula Pahate Re (transl. I See You) was a 2018-2019 Indian Marathi language TV serial on the channel Zee Marathi and is now digitally available on ZEE5. It was directed by Girish Mohite and Chandrakant Lata Gaikwad and starred Gayatri Datar, Subodh Bhave in lead roles and Shilpa Tulaskar, Abhidnya Bhave in pivotal roles.
Boyar
In Moscow from the 15th to the 17th centuries they were a closely bonded aristocracy. There were about 200 boyar families. Their ancestors were former princes, or Moscow boyar families or foreign aristocrats. They were not nobility in the European sense. Many of them had bad manners and not many of them could read. They did not travel, and they were suspicious of anything foreign
Tula Pahate Re
Production
The series premiered on 13 August 2018 from Monday to Saturday at 8.30 pm by replacing Tuza Maza Breakup.
Boyar
In the 17th century they started to lose power. In the early 18th century Tsar Peter the Great abolished the title of boyar.
Miyazaki Prefecture
Geography
Miyazaki Prefecture is on the eastern coast of the island of Kyūshū. The southeast coastline faces the Pacific Ocean. Ōita Prefecture is north of Miyazaki. Kumamoto and Kagoshima Prefectures are to the west.
National parks
National parks are established in about 12% of the total land area of the prefecture.
Plants
Miyazaki is one of only two locations on Earth where the fungus Chorioactis geaster lives.
Shrines and temples
Tsuno jinja is the main Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) in the prefecture.
Kushan Empire
The Kushan Empire (कुषाण राजवंश (Kuṣāṇ Rājavaṃśa), BHS: , Parthian: Kušanxšaθr ) was first formed in the early 1st century AD. It was in eastern and northern Afghanistan and the north-west of India established by people of Turkic origin who had earlier migrated from Central Asia.
The Kushan were a branch of the Yuezhi confederation. Previously a nomadic people living in eastern Central Asia, the Yuezhi moved southwest and settled in ancient Bactria.
Jack Kraft
John J. "Jack" Kraft (c. 1921 – August 28, 2014) was an American basketball coach. He coached Villanova for 12 years, from 1961 through 1973. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Kraft died on August 28, 2014 at the age of 93 in New Jersey.
Robert Browning
Robert Browning (7 May 1812 – 12 December 1889) was an English poet and playwright of Victorian era. He was born in Camberwell, London. He was married to the poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning. They both moved to Italy and lived in Florence. He had one son. Browning died in Venice, Italy. He was buried in Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey.
He wrote a poem called The Laboratory which was about a woman using poison to kill her lover's girlfriend.
Browning's longest work was the poem The Ring and the Book. It consists of more than twenty thousand lines. It is based on a true story. It tells about a real crime committed in Italy at the end of 17th century. Its main hero is Pompilia Comparini, a young woman stabbed to death by her husband, count Guido Franceschini.
Poet's best work is probably the book Men and Woman. It was published in 1855. It is a collection of monologues.
Browning's last book is Asolando which was published in 1889.
Gilbert Keith Chesterton wrote a book about Robert Browning; it was called Robert Browning and was published by Macmillan & Co. in 1903.
Embassy of Russia, Oslo
The Embassy of Russia in Oslo is the diplomatic mission of Russia to Norway. The embassy is located on Drammensveien (road) in the Skarpsno area of Oslo.
G-Man
G-Man can be any of the following:
Embassy of Russia, Oslo
The street intersection that is closest to the embassy, will get the name "Ukraine square" (Ukrainas plass); Authorities of Frogner Borough in Oslo, Norway made that decision on March 8, 2022.
The square outside the embassy was renamed Ukrainas plass (Ukraine Square) by the city on 7 March 2022 in support of Ukraine's freedom, in response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Luminița Gheorghiu
Luminița Gheorghiu (1 September 1949 – 4 July 2021) was a Romanian actress. She was known for her roles in The Death of Mr. Lazarescu (2006) and Child's Pose (2013).
Gheorghiu died on July 4, 2021, at the age of 71.
Crennes-sur-Fraubée
Crennes-sur-Fraubée is a commune. It is in the Pays de la Loire region in the Mayenne department in northwest France. 178 people lived there in 1999.
Native American mythology
Native American mythology is the body of traditional stories associated with Native American religion.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mythologies_of_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas
Chandrashekar Azad
Chandra Shekhar Sitaram Tiwari ( (23 July 1906 – 27 February 1931), popularly known as Chandra Shekhar Azad) was an Indian revolutionary activist and freedom fighter. He re-organised the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) [ en] under its new name of Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) after the execution of its founder, Ram Prasad Bismil, and three other prominent party leaders.
Women's Equality Day
The Women's Equality Day is a special women's day on August 26 each year in the United States. It was designated as August 26 in 1973 under the United States Congress The date was picked to celebrate the 1920 certification of the United States' Nineteenth Amendment under which women were given rights to vote. Two years before designation under the U.S. Congress, the Women's Equality Day was first celebrated in the country.
Chandrashekar Azad
He hailed from Badarka at Unnao in Uttar Pradesh. His parents were Sitaram Tiwari and Jagrani Devi. He often used the pseudonym "Balraj" when signing pamphlets issued as the commander in chief of the HSRA.
Women's Equality Day
The Women's Equality Day is celebrated every year by the United States President.
Chandrashekar Azad
He was involved in the Kakori Train Robbery of 1925, the shooting of John P. Saunders at Lahore in 1928 to avenge the death of Lala Lajpat Rai, and last, in the attempt to blow up the Viceroy of India's train in 1929.
Bakerganj Upazila
population
According to the 2011 census, the total population of Bakerganj upazila is 3,13,845. Of these, 1,48,925 are males and 1,64,920 are females. The total number of families is 71,536
Chandrashekar Azad
Azad got to read the Communist Manifesto from his comrade Shiv Verma. Despite being a member of Congress, Motilal Nehru regularly gave money in support of Azad.
Sayre Woods, New Jersey
Sayre Woods is a neighborhood located within Sayreville in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States.
Chandrashekar Azad
He has also worked with famous freedom fighter Bhagat Singh and helped him during violence in assembly.
Argeș (river)
Argeş is a river in the southern part of Romania. It is a tributary of the Danube River.
Tributaries
The following are the tributaries of the Argeș River:
Left: Buda, Valea cu Peşti, Valea Lupului, Limpedea, Chiciura, Valea Iaşului, Vâlsan, Valea Satului, Râul Doamnei, Râncaciov, Cârcinov, Budişteanca, Sabar, Câlnău, Dâmboviţa, Rasa, and Luica.
Phil Murphy
Philip Dunton Murphy (born August 16, 1957) is an American financier, diplomat, former Goldman Sachs executive and politician. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He is the 56th and current Governor of New Jersey upon winning the 2017 gubernatorial election and being sworn-in on January 16, 2018. Murphy was the United States Ambassador to Germany from 2009 to 2013 serving during the Barack Obama presidency. He was narrowly re-elected in 2021, beating Republican Jack Ciattarelli. He became the first Democratic governor to win re-election since Brendan Byrne in 1977.
Early life
Murphy was born in Needham, Massachusetts. He was raised in both Needham and nearby Newton, Massachusetts. He studied at Harvard University and at the University of Pennsylvania.
Ambassador to Germany (2009–2013)
Murphy served as United States Ambassador to Germany under President Barack Obama from 2009–2013.
His formal nomination to the position was made by President Barack Obama on July 9, 2009. It was then confirmed by the United States Senate on August 7, 2009. Murphy promoted American trade and focused on engaging Germany’s youth through town hall meetings, exchange programs, and social media communication.
On May 29, 2013, it was announced that Murphy was stepping down from the ambassadorship. He formally left the position on August 26, 2013.
2017 election
Murphy was the Democratic nominee for Governor of New Jersey in the 2017 gubernatorial election. He faced Republican Lieutenant Governor Kim Guadagno in the general election. He won the election on November 7, 2017.
2021 election
On October 1, 2020, Murphy announced he would seek reelection, with Oliver as his running mate. He faced Republican Jack Ciattarelli in the general election. He was re-elected by a small margin and was declared the winner the next day.
Jerry Apodaca
Raymond S. "Jerry" Apodaca (born October 3, 1934) is an American politician. He served as the 24th Governor of New Mexico from 1975 through 1979.
Phil Murphy
Personal life
Murphy moved to Middletown Township, New Jersey in 2000. He is married to Tammy Snyder and they have four children.
Jerry Apodaca
Apodaca graduated from the University of New Mexico in 1956 with a bachelor of science degree, he was a member of the Phi Delta Theta Fraternity. Apodaca would later enter the insurance business.
Phil Murphy
Personal life
On March 4, 2020, Murphy had surgery in New York City to remove cancerous tumors in his kidneys. He made a full recovery shortly afterward.
Jerry Apodaca
Honours and awards
The New Mexico Department of Education, which was previously was known simply as the Education Building, was later renamed Jerry Apodaca Building to honor the former governor in 2004.
Pretender
A pretender is someone who says that he or she has the right to be ruler. The word is often used to describe someone who claims that they have the right to be king, queen, emperor etc. They claim that the ruler who is on the throne should not be there.
Sometimes people call such a person a "claimant". The person may be an imposter (someone who is pretending to be someone else). Often they are pretending to be a prince or other royal person who is missing or whom people think is dead. However, they may have a genuine right to the throne. The word pretend comes from the French word prétendre (from the Latin praetendo lit. "to stretch out before" ). It means: to profess, to make a loud statement. In modern English the word pretend means "to claim falsely".
La Croixille
La Croixille is a commune of 547 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Harvard–MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology
Harvard–MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, or HST, is a biomedical engineering and physician-scientist training programs in the United States. It was established in 1970 and is the collaborative program between Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Within the program, graduate and medical students are registered with both MIT and Harvard and work with faculty and affiliated faculty members from both communities. HST is a part of MIT's Institute for Medical Engineering and Science and forms the London Society at Harvard Medical School.
Mission
HST's program aims to bring engineering, physical sciences, and biological sciences from the laboratory bench to the patient's bedside. Similarly, it also aims to bring clinical insight from the patient's bedside to the laboratory bench. Consequently, HST students are trained to have a deep and exposure in understanding of engineering and scientific fundamentals that complement with hands-on experience in the clinic or in industry.
El Paso, Guyana
El Paso is a village in the Potaro-Siparuni region of Guyana. It can be found to the west of Tumatumari Landing.
Site
Uses in buildings
It is used very often in building trades to mean the place where a building will go up.
Uses in gravesites
A gravesite is a place where a person will be buried after they die.
Uses in work
The words onsite and offsite refer to work that must take place on the site, or which can take place somewhere else. For instance, a prefabricated building can be "built offsite" and then "moved onsite".
Use on the internet
Site is also a common abbreviation in net jargon for "website". In this case no real physical location exists other than the place where the computers are, and one "goes to the site" simply by using a web browser to "go to" that URL. This is a conceptual metaphor. It can be confusing. Someone who uses it is also likely using other jargon.
Walt Whitman
Walter "Walt" Whitman (May 31, 1819 – March 26, 1892) was an American poet, essayist and journalist. He was an important American poet of the 19th century.
His most famous collection of poems is Leaves of Grass, which was first published in 1855 with his own money. The work was an attempt at reaching out to the common person. Whitman kept adding to this book right up until he died of pneumonia, in 1892. It was controversial because readers thought it was obscene. It included some sexuality.
Whitman was either bisexual or homosexual. However, there is disagreement about whether Whitman had actual sexual experiences with men.
Science
Science is what we do to find out about the natural world. Natural sciences include, chemistry, biology, geology, astronomy, and physics. Science uses mathematics and logic, which are sometimes called "formal sciences". Natural science makes observations and experiments. Science produces accurate facts, scientific laws and theories. 'Science' also refers to the large amount of knowledge that has been found using this process.
Research uses the scientific method. Scientific research uses hypotheses based on ideas or earlier knowledge, which can be categorized through different topics. Then those hypotheses are tested by experiments.
People who study and research science and try to find out everything about it are called scientists. Scientists study things by looking at them very carefully, by measuring them, and by doing experiments and tests. Scientists try to explain why things act the way they do, and predict what will happen.
Scientific method
Today, "science" usually refers to a way of pursuing knowledge, not just the knowledge itself. It is mainly about the phenomena of the material world. The Greek works into Western Europe from the 6th to 7th century B.C. revived "Philosophy". In the 17th and 18th centuries scientists increasingly sought to formulate knowledge in terms of laws of nature such as Newton's laws of motion. And during the 19th century, the word "science" became more and more associated with the scientific method itself. It was seen as a way to study the natural world, including physics, chemistry, geology and biology.
It was also in the 19th century that the term scientist was created by William Whewell. He meant it to tell the difference between those who looked for knowledge on nature from those who looked for other types of knowledge.
Walt Whitman
Leaves of Grass
Whitman first tried writing in many different popular genres. In 1850, he began writing Leaves of Grass, a collection of poetry which he would continue working on until his death. Whitman wanted to write an epic that was clearly American, using free verse. At the end of June 1855, Whitman surprised his brothers with the first copies of Leaves of Grass. His brother George "didn't think it worth reading".
Science
Scientific method
The scientific method is the name given to the methods used by scientists to find knowledge. The main features of the scientific method are:
Walt Whitman
Leaves of Grass
Whitman paid for the publication of the first version of Leaves of Grass himself and had it printed at a local print shop. A total of 795 copies were printed. The first page was an image of Whitman, but he doesn't write his name until 500 lines into the body of the text. Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote a kind five-page letter to Whitman and praised the book to friends. The first edition of Leaves of Grass was very popular, but was some people didn't like the "obscene" or offensive parts of the poetry.
Science
An example
A famous example of science in action was the expedition led by Arthur Eddington to Principe Island in Africa in 1919. He went there to record where the stars were around the Sun during a solar eclipse. The observation of where the stars were shown that the apparent star positions close to the Sun were changed. In effect, the light passing the Sun was pulled towards the Sun by gravitation. This confirmed predictions of gravitational lensing made by Albert Einstein in the general theory of relativity, published in 1915. Eddington's observations were considered to be the first solid proof in favour of Einstein's theory.
Practical impacts of scientific research
Discoveries in fundamental science can be world-changing. For example: ! Research !! Impact Electric current (18th century) || All electric appliances, dynamos, electric power stations, modern electronics, including electric lighting, television, electric heating, magnetic tape, loudspeaker, plus the compass and lightning rod. leading to special (1905) and general relativity (1916) || Satellite-based technology such as GPS (1973), satnav and communications satellites.
Other features of science
Science is a way to get knowledge by getting rid of what is not true.
Before a scientific article is published, other scientists read the article. They decide whether the explanations make sense from the data. This is called peer review. After articles are published, other scientists will also check to see if the same experiments, observations or tests produce the same data again. Peer review and repeating experiments are the only way to be sure the knowledge is correct.
Thundersnow
Thundersnow, also known as a winter thunderstorm, a snow thunderstorm or a thundersnowstorm, is a thunderstorm with snow instead of rain. This rare kind of weather is less rare around the Midwestern United States, the Great Lakes and Rocky Mountains, the Sea of Japan, and Mount Everest. Thundersnow mostly happens in March.
How it is made
Thunder can be heard many miles away, but thundersnow thunder can only be heard a few miles away. The snow stops sounds of thunder more than rain does.
Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore
Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore (born January 29, 1970) Jaisalmer, Rajasthan is an Indian athlete. He is best known for shooting in the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens.
In the 2004 games, Rathore finished second in the men's double-trap shooting event. He was the first Indian to win an individual silver medal.
Alachua County, Florida
Alachua County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida, and was formed on February 29, 1824. As of 2020, the population is 278,468. Alachua County's seat is Gainesville.
Maidarjavyn Ganzorig
Maidarjavyn Ganzorig (Майдаржавын Ганзориг; 5 February 1949 – 4 July 2021) was a Mongolian cosmonaut and academic.
In 1978, he participated in the Soviet Intercosmos program and trained for the Soyuz 39 mission.
Sho Naruoka
Sho Naruoka (born 31 May 1984) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Júbilo Iwata.
Yasuhiro Nagahashi
Yasuhiro Nagahashi (born 2 August 1975) is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
279||14||20||0||14||0||313||14 279||14||20||0||14||0||313||14
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee
The HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) sets a unique and meaningful name for every known human gene. It asks experts their opinions. The HGNC gives a long name, and an abbreviation (referred to as a symbol) to every gene. The HGNC is part of the Human Genome Organisation (HUGO).
Traditional gene names and abbreviations are often not specific for a single gene. Example: CAP (which means just "chromosome-associated protein") can refer to any of six different genes: (BRD4, CAP1, LNPEP , PTPLA , SERPINB6 , and SORBS1 ).
Unlike traditional names like CAP, the HGNC short gene names, or gene symbols, are given to one gene only. This reduces confusion as to which gene is referred to.
Naming guidelines
The HGNC approach to naming genes and assigning symbols (gene name abbreviations)is: The full description of HGNC's nomenclature guidelines can be found on their web site. HGNC advocates the appendices _v1, _v2,.. to distinguish between different splice variants and _pr1, _pr2,.. for promoter variants of a single gene.
HGNC also states that "gene nomenclature should evolve with new technology rather than be restrictive as sometimes occurs when historical and single gene nomenclature systems are applied".
Procedure
The HGNC contacts authors who have published on the human gene in question by e-mail. They are asked their opinion on the proposed nomenclature. HGNC also works with other database curators, and experts for specific gene families or sets of genes.
Revision
Changing a standardised gene name after it has got established may cause confusion. The merit of such changes are therefore controversial. For this reason the HGNC changes a gene name only if agreement for that change can be got from most researchers working on that gene.
Cuillé
Cuillé is a commune of 849 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Gordon Jump
Alexander Gordon Jump (April 1, 1932 – September 22, 2003) was an American actor. He is known for playing Mr. Horton in a two-part special of Diff'rent Strokes. He is also known for playing the Maytag repairman. He was born in Dayton, Ohio.
Jump died in Los Angeles, California from pulmonary fibrosis, aged 71.
Summertime Blues
"Summertime Blues" is a 1958 song written by singer Eddie Cochran and went to number 8 in the United States and number 18 in the United Kingdom. It was covered by The Who in 1970.
Dryococelus australis
Dryococelus australis, also known as the Lord Howe Island stick insect or tree lobster, is a phasmid which is sometimes called a land lobster. It was thought to have become extinct in 1930, but more were found in 2001. It no longer lives on Lord Howe Island which was its main habitat. It is now only found on the small rock island called Ball's Pyramid. With less than 30 of the stick insects left alive in the wild, it has been called "the rarest insect in the world". Melbourne Zoo has been able to breed the stick insects with more than 9,000 hatched. It is hoped that the insects will be released back on Lord Howe Island in the future.
Upazila
Upazila is a unit in the administrative system of Bangladesh. An upazila is made up of a few villages or unions and a district is made up of a few upazilas. There are 492 upazilas in 64 districts under 8 divisions in Bangladesh.
Bujingai: The Forsaken City
Bujingai: The Forsaken City release in Europe as Bujingai: Swordmaster or simply as Bujingai (Bujingai) in Japan is an action video game developed by Taito Corporation in collaboration with Red Entertaiment. Published in Japan by Taito in 2003, North America by BAM! Entertainment in 2004, and 505 Gamestreet in European released. The game is set in 23rd century, player can play as Lau Wong, main character of the game (casted by Gackt Camui). The gameplay of Bujingai is similiar to Devil May Cry series.
Darlington, Indiana
Darlington is a town in Montgomery County, Indiana.
People
It has a population of 843 residents.
Denazé
Denazé is a commune of 148 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Daon
Daon is a commune of 440 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Désertines, Mayenne
Désertines is a commune of 539 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Jim Hunt
James Baxter "Jim" Hunt Jr. (born May 16, 1937) is a retired American politician who was the 69th and 71st Governor of North Carolina (1977–1985, and 1993–2001).
He is the longest-serving governor in the state's history. Hunt is tied for the fourth-longest gubernatorial tenure in post-Constitutional U.S. history at 0 days.
Volga-Volga
Volga-Volga (Волга-Волга) is a 1938 Soviet comedy movie directed by Grigori Aleksandrov. It stars Igor Ilyinsky, Lyubov Orlova, and Vladimir Volodin.
Maple syrup urine disease
Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is a genetic medical disorder. It causes a problem with how the human body deals with amino acids. It is also called branched chain ketoaciduria. Maple syrup urine disease affects about 1 in 185,000 infants worldwide.
The most noticeable symptom of the disorder is an infant with sweet-smelling urine. Infants with this disease seem healthy at birth. If the disease is not treated, the person will suffer severe brain damage and eventually die. MSUD is much more common in children of Amish and Mennonite descent.
From a very early age, the condition can be recognised by poor feeding, vomiting, lack of energy, seizures, and mental health issues. The urine of infants with this disease has a very sweet odor, much like burned caramel or maple syrup. This is what gives the condition its name.
The Park Is Mine (1986 movie)
The Park Is Mine is a 1986 Canadian action movie directed by Steven Hilliard Stern and starring Tommy Lee Jones, Helen Shaver, Lawrence Dane, Yaphet Kotto, Peter Dvorsky, Eric Peterson, Gale Garnett, Denis Simpson, Carl Marotte. It was distributed by HBO.
Languages of Australia
Australia has no official language, but the national language of Australia is English. There are also many languages spoken by Indigenous Australians and by different ethnic groups.
English
The English language was spoken by the British colonists who came to Australia in the 18th and the 19th centuries. It was used in the colonies they started. Most people who live in Australia today speak English. In 2016, 72.7 percent of people living in Australia only spoke English at home. A dialect of English is spoken in Australia, called Australian English.
Indigenous languages
Indigenous Australians have been living in Australia for at least 50,000 years. There are around 290 to 363 Indigenous languages. They are from around 28 language families and language isolates. Many of these languages are not spoken any more or by many people because of the use of English. The largest language family is the Pama-Nyungan family, which has 248 languages.
Three Indigenous languages are spoken in the Torres Strait Islands. These languages are Kalaw Lagaw Ya, Meriam Mir and Yumplatok, a creole of Pacific English. Yumplatok is spoken on the islands more than the other languages.
Nyctimantis siemersi
The red-spotted Argentina frog (Nyctimantis siemersi) is a frog that lives in Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
Languages of Australia
Most spoken languages by state (2016)
Below is a series of tables showing the top 5 most spoken languages at home, as well as the percent of the population that speaks only English at home.
Jack Paar
Jack Harold Paar (May 1, 1918 – January 27, 2004) was an American author, radio and television comedian and talk show host. He is best known as host of The Tonight Show from 1957 to 1962. He was born in Canton, Ohio.
Paar died in Greenwich, Connecticut from a stroke, aged 85.
Low Earth orbit
A low Earth orbit (LEO) is usually described as an orbit inside the area which comes from the Earth’s surface up to an altitude of 2000 km. Other definitions use other numbers such as orbital eccentricity and orbital period. Satellites in LEO go around the Earth many times per day.
Satellites are put in low Earth orbit if the things they do must be done in outer space but need not be far away. Some satellites are in LEO to photograph the Earth, for example some weather satellites and Earth resource satellites. Most space telescopes are in LEO since they only have to be above the Earth's atmosphere. The International Space Station is in LEO.
Alicia Alonso
Alicia Alonso (born Alicia Ernestina de la Caridad Martínez Hoya; 21 December 1921 – 17 October 2019) was a Cuban ballerina and choreographer. She was known for her portrayals of Giselle and the ballet version of Carmen.
Euteleostomi
Euteleostomi is the largest group of vertebrates. Except for hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous fishes all vetebrates are part of this group. All Euteleostomi have a skeleton made of bone, and a skull. In the case of several fish related to the sturgeon, most of the skeleton has again been transformed to cartilage.
All-Star Baseball
All-Star Baseball is a series of American baseball video games developed and published by Acclaim Entertainment.
Basic reproduction number
A very important number for describing whether a disease can become an epidemic or not is R0, pronounced "R naught" or "R zero". It refers to how many people a person who has this disease is expected to infect on average if there are no people immune to the disease. It is an abbreviation for basic reproduction number.
All-Star Baseball
The first debuted in 1997 called All-Star Baseball '97 Featuring Frank Thomas, where the succesor of Frank Thomas Hurt Baseball. New York Yankees play-to-play annoucers John Sterling and Michael Kay were the annoucers for the 1998-2000 editions of the game.
Basic reproduction number
If R0 > 1, a disease can become an epidemic. If R0 < 1, it cannot. Most commonly known diseases have R0 > 1. However, vaccines can be used to make enough people immune in a population to stop epidemics from happening. We can also use other measures to make the effective reproduction rate (Re, usually written Rt with t for time) lower than the basic reproduction rate (R0).
All-Star Baseball
The latest game is All-Star Baseball 2005, and another game was released, but cancelled after Acclaim Entertainment was ceased operations in 2005.
Basic reproduction number
An example of a vaccine that works really well is the smallpox vaccine, which stopped smallpox virus from spreading so well that it no longer exists except in laboratories. Examples of making the effective reproduction rate lower than the basic reproduction rate are using condoms to stop sexually transmitted diseases from spreading or not getting close to others (physical distancing, often called social distancing) to stop respiratory diseases from spreading.
Bornu Empire
The Bornu Empire (1380-1893) was an African state of Nigeria from 1380 to 1893.
La Dorée
La Dorée is a commune of 396 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Social capital
It often replaces money which people would use to buy the same help.
Society works best when there is plenty of social capital. The less social capital there is, the more social problems there usually are. If there is no social capital, war and revolution often results.
People who have no money and cannot get help from society may have to agree to do things they do not want to do, or force others to do things they do not want to. Organized crime grows in this way, and so do forced labour and slavery.
Most ways of measuring social capital have to do with trust - people who trust that favours and help will be available when they need it will favour and help others more. Those who are seen as trying to get a free ride will get much less help. A social climber tries to earn social capital by making friends with those who have it but without actually helping. Some call this kind of person a social parasite. They are very hard to detect, unlike people who cheat or commit fraud. When there are too many of these kinds of people, especially when they are politicians, people begin to mistrust their government. Rather than work with a political party to change law, they may start to look for direct revenge for things.
Social capital is a lot like real capital. The more money a person or a society has, the easier it is to do things and the better off people are. The less money, the more difficult things become and the worse people feel.
Other websites
The Social Capital Foundation
Elizabeth Wurtzel
Elizabeth Lee Wurtzel (July 31, 1967 – January 7, 2020) was an American feminist writer, essayist and journalist. She was known for publishing her best-selling memoir Prozac Nation, at the age of 27. Wurtzel wrote regularly for The Wall Street Journal.
She was played by Christina Ricci in a movie based on her memoir in 2001.
Tax evasion
Tax evasion is criminal activity to evade taxes. It may be done by trusts, persons or organization s. The main way taxpayers evade taxes is by deliberately misrepresenting the actual state of their affairs to tax authorities to reduce their tax liability. This includes dishonest tax reporting, such as declaring less income or profit than the amounts which were actually earned. Tax evasion is an activity connected with the informal economy.
Elizabeth Wurtzel
Wurtzel was born in New York City. She had a BA in comparative literature from Harvard College and a JD from Yale Law School. In 2015, she married James Freed.
In February 2015, Wurtzel was diagnosed with breast cancer. She had a double mastectomy. Wurtzel died of meningitis caused by the cancer in New York City on January 7, 2020, aged 52.
Postmodernism
Postmodernism is a way of thinking about culture, philosophy, art and many other things. The term has been used in many different ways at different times, but there are some things in common.
Postmodernism says that there is no real truth. It says that knowledge is always made or invented and not discovered. Because knowledge is made by people, a person cannot know something for sure - all ideas and facts are 'believed' instead of 'known'. People believe that they know what the truth is, but they will think that the truth is something different later. This is the opposite of 'objectivity', which says that the truth is always there and people have to discover it.
Since postmodernism says that the truth is just a thing that people invent, people can believe different things and think it is the truth and all be right. Postmodernism says that one person should not try to make another person believe what he believes, because it means nothing to say that one belief is right and the other is wrong. Postmodernism says that if somebody has a belief and tries to make somebody else believe it also, it means that they are just trying to have power over them.
Starting with the 18th century Enlightenment and into the early 20th century, many people believed that science and new knowledge would make the world better. When scientists or philosophers discovered something new, it would always make society a little bit better. They thought that social progress could not be stopped. Modernism especially believed this. But postmodernism says that there is no real social progress. It says that while some things about the world change, people only want to believe that the world is better than it was. It changes but does not get better, because there is no 'better.'
Postmodernism says that since peoples' opinions change, and since one person's opinion cannot be more right than another, it means nothing to say that (for example) one work of art is better than any other. Postmodernism says that art, music, and literature, for example, can be anything that its maker says that it is. Postmodern art and literature commonly talk about themselves and make fun of themselves. They make fun of 'serious' art and even the idea of art. Postmodernism has influenced many cultural fields, including literary criticism, philosophy, sociology, linguistics, architecture, visual arts, and music.
The term postmodernism was first commonly used in 1949 to talk about modern architecture. Many people did not like modern architecture because it had too many box-like shapes and people did not think it was pretty. Some of them started the postmodern architecture movement. Postmodern architecture uses surface ornament, historical reference, and less box-like shapes.
Postmodernist ideas can be seen in philosophy, the study of culture and society, literature, architecture, design, as well as in history and law. Postmodernism also led people to think differently about love, marriage, popular culture, and the change in much of the Western world from an industrial to service economy.
The term postmodernity usually means the period of time when postmodern ideas became common (the second half of the 20th century). Some experts think that postmodernism is now over, especially in literature.
Different definitions
The term "Postmodernism" is often used to refer to different, sometimes contradictory (they cannot both be right) concepts. Common definitions are:
Because the term postmodernism can be used to talk about so many different things and can mean many different things, some people say that it is only a buzzword that means nothing. Dick Hebdige, in his book ‘Hiding in the Light’, writes:
"When it becomes possible for a people to describe as ‘postmodern’ the décor of a room, the design of a building, the diegesis of a film, the construction of a record, or a ‘scratch’ video, a television commercial, or an arts documentary, or the ‘intertextual’ relations between them, the layout of a page in a fashion magazine or critical journal, an anti-teleological tendency within epistemology, the attack on the ‘metaphysics of presence’, a general attenuation of feeling, the collective chagrin and morbid projections of a post-War generation of baby boomers confronting disillusioned middle-age, the ‘predicament’ of reflexivity, a group of rhetorical tropes, a proliferation of surfaces, a new phase in commodity fetishism, a fascination for images, codes and styles, a process of cultural, political or existential fragmentation and/or crisis, the ‘de-centring’ of the subject, an ‘incredulity towards metanarratives’, the replacement of unitary power axes by a plurality of power/discourse formations, the ‘implosion of meaning’, the collapse of cultural hierarchies, the dread engendered by the threat of nuclear self-destruction, the decline of the university, the functioning and effects of the new miniaturised technologies, broad societal and economic shifts into a ‘media’, ‘consumer’ or ‘multinational’ phase, a sense (depending on who you read) of ‘placelessness’ or the abandonment of placelessness (‘critical regionalism’) or (even) a generalised substitution of spatial for temporal coordinates - when it becomes possible to describe all these things as ‘Postmodern’ (or more simply using a current abbreviation as ‘post’ or ‘very post’) then it’s clear we are in the presence of a buzzword".
British historian Perry Anderson says that postmodernism is an important concept and is important for the study of contemporary (current) culture.
Postmodern Intellectuals
Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida are sometimes said to be the philosophers of Postmodernism even though neither of them used the word Postmodern to describe themselves. (Derrida used the word deconstruction instead).
Matthew Wolfenden (actor)
Matthew Wolfenden (born 5 May 1980) is an English actor, best known for his role as David Metcalfe in the British soap opera Emmerdale.
Wolfenden was born in Norwood Green, West Yorkshire. He was educated at Brighouse High School.
Career
Wolfenden was a member of the British gymnastics squad until, aged 16, he fell whilst practising on the rings and broke his back. This prevented his continuing gymnastics and he turned to acting.
Hermes
Hermes is the messenger of the gods. He is the god of travellers and shepherds in Greek mythology. He is one of the Twelve Olympians, and is often shown with his caduceus.
Hermes is the son of Zeus and Maia. He was born on Mount Cyllene. The story of his birth was told in the Homeric Hymn, which means Hymn to Hermes. It said that Maia was a nymph.
Hermes was very clever and on his first day invented the lyre, by using the shell of a tortoise. He carries a golden sword. One of the myths about Hermes is that he once stole his brother's oxen, and burned them as a sacrifice.
1924 Westphalia–Twente athletics competition
The 1924 Westphalia–Twente athletics competition was the second international athletics competition between athletes of Westphalia, Germany and Twente, the Netherlands. The competition was held in Münster, Germany on 24 August 1924 at the sport field at the Hohenzollernring. The competition included 10 events for men and 3 events for women.
The competition was won by the Germany with 78.5 points versus the Netherlands with 61.5 points.
After the competitions the teams and officials had a dinner together. Afterwards the Dutch team returned home by train.
Preparations and organization
The Dutch athlethes selected by the Twente athletics association were published on 21 August 1924.
The Dutch team arrived in the morning of the competition at 10 am. by train. They were given a tour of the city of Münster. After the tour there was a joint lunch.
Competition format
In each individual event two athletes of each team competed. In the relay event the two teams competed against each other. The winner of each event received the most points, with less points for every other place. For the overall classication all points from each teams are added together.
Competition
The competitions started at 3:00 pm. During the competition the weather conditions were bad. Due to the bad weather there were not many spectators.
Overall classification
Source:
Pleiades (mythology)
The Pleiades are seven nymphs in Greek mythology, and companions of Artemis. They were the seven daughters of Atlas and the nymph Pleione. They were all born on Mount Cyllene, which is in Arcadia.
James G. Martin
James Grubbs "Jim" Martin (born December 11, 1935) is an American politician. He served as the 70th Governor of the state of North Carolina. He served from 1985 to 1993. He was the second Republican elected to the office after Reconstruction, and the fifth overall. He is also the only Republican to serve two full terms as governor.
Gentry
Gentry means “well-born people”. The word comes from the latin word gentis which means “clan” or “extended family”. In England, gentry is the social class below the aristocracy. It gets its income from large landholdings.
Ialomița (river)
The Ialomiţa River (Râul Ialomiţa) is a river in the southern part of Romania. It comes up from the Bucegi Mountains of the Carpathians and flows into the Danube.
The upper part of the river is sometimes called Valea Obârşiei River or Obârşia Ialomiţei River.
Promoter (genetics)
In genetics, a promoter is a section of DNA which starts the transcription of a gene.
Promoters can be about 100–1000 base pairs long.
Overview
For the transcription to take place, the enzyme that makes RNA, known as RNA polymerase, must attach to the DNA near a gene.
Promoters contain specific DNA sequences which give the RNA polymerase a place to bind. Other proteins also help this to happen. Some can also stop it from happening. The whole thing is called "the regulation of gene expression".
Promoters are important parts of the DNA. They work with other regulatory regions. Together, they adjust the level of transcription of a gene. So, genes get switched on when they are needed, and switched off when they are not. When they are on, they get adjusted up or down as needed.
Lonely (Eddie Cochran song)
"Lonely" is a song written by Sharon Sheeley and recorded by Eddie Cochran and was released posthumously in 1960. It went to number 41 in the United Kingdom and did not chart in the United States.
Maia
Maia is the goddess of the fields in Greek mythology. She is the oldest of the Pleiades. She is also the most beautiful and the shyest.
The Pleiades were the seven daughters of Atlas and Pleione. Maia and her sisters were all born on Mount Cyllene, which is in Arcadia.
Maia also looked after Arkas when Hera had turned his mother, Kallisto, into a bear.