cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Balas y Chocolate
Balas y Chocolate (Bullets and Chocolate) is the eighth studio album by Mexican latin singer Lila Downs. Released on March 24, 2015. It was going to be much darker than her earlier material, though it became an upbeat electronic-folk inspired album. The album features collaborations from Juan Gabriel and Juanes. It reached the top of the charts in Mexico, Argentina, Colombia, Spain and the United States. It also reached the top ten in other major markets.
Bourg-Bruche
Bourg-Bruche is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
Independent movie
An independent movie, or independent film (often called indie film), is the name usually given to a movie that is made by a small movie studio for not much money. Sometimes the name is used for art films; which are less expensive and often have less plot. Independent movies are being made (produced) more as the technology needed, such as cameras and editing-software, is becoming less expensive. Movies like Reservoir Dogs, American History X, The Basketball Diaries and the documentary Bowling for Columbine are independent because they were made for little money and by small studios.
Reichstag
Reichstag is the name of:
Queen's Indian defence
The Queen's Indian defence is an important defence to 1.d4. It features a fianchetto of Black's QB.
Cats (musical)
Cats is a musical. It is based on Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats, a book of poems by T.S. Eliot. Trevor Nunn wrote the lyrics for the song, "Memory", which is based on some of T.S Eliot's poems. Andrew Lloyd Webber wrote the music.
Queen's Indian defence
It starts as follows:
Cats (musical)
Plot
Every year, a tribe of cats known as the Jellicle Cats meet for the Jellicle Ball. At the Jellicle Ball, Old Deuteronomy, the leader of the tribe, chooses one cat to ascend to the Heaviside layer to be reborn and return to a new life. Grizabella, an elderly (younger in some productions) glamour cat who left the Jellicle tribe's junkyard home, comes back to her tribe, but they shun her. While the other cats dance at the Jellicle Ball, Grizabella watches in the background. She performs a simple dance when the other cats leave and sings about how she wants to be accepted. Old Deutoronomy sees this and sympathizes with her. In act two, Old Deuteronomy gets kidnapped by Macavity, a "mystery cat" who is the only true antagonist in the musical. As soon as he is successfully returned, it is time to choose who goes to the Heaviside layer. Grizabella is chosen, and she is taken on a tire to fly into the Heaviside layer.
Klamath River
The Klamath River flows through Oregon and northern California in the United States. It is 263 mi long. The river empties into the Pacific Ocean.
The Klamath is the second largest river in California after the Sacramento River.
Donald Bayley
Donald William "Don" Bayley was a weightlifter from Australia. Donald competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics. He was born on 9 October 1931 and died on 5 May 1983.
Canon law
Canon law is the term used for the internal Ecclesiastical law of many churches, such as the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Churches and the Anglican Communion of churches.
Catholic Church
The Roman Catholic Church has the oldest continuously functioning legal system in the Western World. It is older than the common and European civil law traditions. What began with rules ("canons") adopted by the Apostles themselves at the Council of Jerusalem in the First Century led to a highly complex and original legal system that included norms of the New Testament, of the Hebrew (Old Testament), Roman, Visigothic, Saxon, and Celtic legal traditions with thousands of years of human experience.
Mark Souder
Mark Edward Souder (July 18, 1950 – September 26, 2022) was an American Republican politician. He was a U.S. Representative from Indiana from 1995 to 2010.
Pim Verbeek
Pim Verbeek (12 March 1956 – 28 November 2019) was a Dutch football player turned coach. His brother Robert Verbeek is also a football coach.
Mark Souder
On May 18, 2010, Souder announced his resignation from Congress, after admitting to an extramarital affair with one of his part-time female staff members.
Pim Verbeek
The Korea Football Association signed him to a coaching contract on 26 June 2000 . He was appointed as coach of Oman at 2016, after Oman's failure to qualify for the 2018 FIFA World Cup.
Mark Souder
In January 2022, Souder was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer.
Pim Verbeek
On 12 February 2019, Sparta Rotterdam announced that they had reached an agreement with Pim Verbeek about joining the club as a member of the board.
Holography
Holography is a way of making three-dimensional (3-D) picture made with a laser. It allows the holographer to make a more exact image than with photography. The holograph seems to move and change slightly to look as if it were three-dimensional. Holography uses the wave aspect of light.
Baby Boy Horry
Baby Boy Horry was an American child who was murdered. For many years, no one knew his identity. His body was found on December 4, 2008, near South Carolina Highway 544, on the outskirts of Conway in Horry County, South Carolina. He was probably born on November 30 December 3, 2008 and died on December 4, 2008. Utility workers found his body in a bag that had been placed in a box. The coroner found that the child had died from hypothermia.
Holography
How a hologram is made
Holograms are made with light flashed onto a plate or screen, almost like how photos are made. To make a hologram instead of a photograph, some of the light, called a "reference beam," has to go directly to the screen. The light has to be a laser because lasers are more accurate and have a wavelength that does not change the way the wavelengths of light from other sources does, like light from lightbulbs. To stop other light from ruining the hologram, holograms are usually taken in the dark. Because even the tiniest vibration can stop the hologram from forming properly, the tables upon which that the holographer places the equipment may be built with shocks or inflated chambers to stop vibrations from the floor.
Pim Verbeek
Verbeek died of cancer on 28 November 2019 at the age of 63.
Baby Boy Horry
Almost twelve years later, in March 2020, a woman was arrested. Evidence showed that she was the biological mother of the child known as Baby Boy Horry. As of May, 2021 she is in jail awaiting trial.
Holography
Holograms vs. photographs
Holograms can be compared to photos. Holography records both the intensity of light, like photography, but also records the difference in the phase of light. Holography records all of information from the light that the object reflects.
History
The most famous person in the history of holography is the physician Dennis Gábor, the inventor of the hologram. In 1947, he was trying to improve microscopes, and he figured out how to display three-dimensional objects.
Recording
Holograms need laser beams. A dispersing lens makes the beam bigger and then it goes through a special mirror. Only a piece of this laser beam can go through the mirror. Then this beam becomes the reference wave, and it is recorded on the film. The other piece of the laser beam is reflected off of the mirror. This piece becomes the exposure wave at the object. The object reflects this wave on the film.
Reconstruction
Making a hologram is very similar to making a photograph, and it needs chemicals. To look at a hologram the film must be lit up with the reference wave. These waves are reflected on the film (hologram) and create a virtual picture of the recorded object, even if that picture can only be seen from a specific angle.
Measurement
Industries use holograms to measure things. In the car industry, cars are measured using holography so engineers can see bulges and vibration characteristics. Phase-shift holography is one kind of holography used to make cars.
The first step in making a hologram is to examine the ground level state of the object, then overload the object through heat or mechanical pressure. Covering the original hologram and the modified hologram can produce interference fringes. By measuring the interference fringes, engineers learn how big the deformation or other problem is. Engineers can measure tiny terminal expansions or vibrations in mechanical systems. This needs two reference waves.
Data storage
There are holographic storage machines for analog pictures and digital data. Digital information will be affiliated by a two-dimensional bit-pattern.
Red dwarf
A red dwarf is a kind of star. Red dwarf stars are smaller than half the size of the Sun. They are also cooler than most stars. Red dwarfs burn their fuel slowly, so they shine with less light (absolute magnitude) than hot stars.
Red dwarf stars are the most common in our galaxy, at least near our sun. However, since red dwarf stars are cool and small, none can be found with the naked eye. The closest star to the Earth is named Proxima Centauri. The Latin word proxima means "nearest to". Proxima Centauri is a red dwarf.
Life and death
Red dwarfs can live trillions of years, much longer than brighter stars. A red dwarf dies when it burns all of its fuel. To start with, the fuel is the chemical element hydrogen. At present, no red dwarf star is known which has gone beyond this stage.
Red dwarfs are small stars that are around 0.2 solar mass (the sun is equal to 1 solar mass). This is small for a star but is still 60,000 times the mass of the Earth. They are formed in nebulas, as all stars are, and originally they were protostars. They start their nuclear fusion about 100,000 years after being formed. This gives them their red glow. These stars burn at less than 4,000°K.
Even smaller stars are called brown dwarfs.
Seneca Falls (CDP), New York
Seneca Falls is a hamlet (and census-designated place) in Seneca County, New York, United States.
Flower power
"Flower power" was a 1960s slogan, used by hippies and other people who were against war and violence. It was a symbol of passive resistance and non-violence ideology.
These people used flowers as a symbol of life, of love, and of peace. They wore flowers, made art with flowers and images of them, and gave them away often. Hippies sometimes placed flowers in the rifle barrels of marching soldiers.
Songs such as San Francisco, Be Sure to Wear Flowers in Your Hair by folk musicians The Mamas & the Papas were associated with flower power.
Thomas W. Ewing
Thomas W. "Tom" Ewing (born September 19, 1935) is an American Republican politician. He was born in Atlanta, Illinois. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives and the Illinois State House of Representatives.
Hidden Figures
Hidden Figures is a 2016 American biographical drama movie directed by Theodore Melfi and written by Melfi and Allison Schroeder. It is loosely based on the 2016 non-fiction book of the same name by Margot Lee Shetterly.
Plot
It is about black female mathematicians who worked at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) during the Space Race.
Cast
Kevin Costner, Kirsten Dunst, Jim Parsons, Mahershala Ali, Aldis Hodge and Glen Powell also star in supporting roles.
Release
Hidden Figures had a limited release on December 25, 2016, by 20th Century Fox, before going wide in the United States on January 6, 2017. It had strong positive reviews and was named by the National Board of Review as one of the top ten movies of 2016.
Spiegelau
Spiegelau is a municipality in the district of Freyung-Grafenau in Bavaria in Germany. It is in the heart of the Bavarian Forest.
Subdivisions
There are 33 villages in the municipality:
There are also the Gemarkungen of Spiegelau, Oberkreuzberg and Klingenbrunn.
Transport
Spiegelau is on Zwiesel–Grafenau railway and its station was formerly the junction to the Spiegelau Forest Railway which supporting the major logging industry in the area.
Kjerstin Dellert
Kjerstin Dellert (4 November 1925 – 5 March 2018) was a Swedish opera singer and theater manager. Dellert made her opera debut at Stora teatern (the old Gothenburg Opera stage) in Gothenburg in the 1950s.
Dellert was the Director of the Ulriksdal Palace Theatre Confidencen. Since the mid-1990s she has been retired from the stage, officially retired from the Swedish Royal Opera since 1979.
Dellert died on 5 March 2018 in Stockholm of respiratory failure, aged 92.
Christine Darden
Christine Darden (born Christine Mann; September 10, 1942) is an American mathematician, data analyst, and aeronautical engineer. She worked for NASA to researching supersonic flight and sonic booms for forty years.
She was the first African-American woman at NASA's Langley Research Center to be promoted into the Senior Executive Service, the top rank in the federal civil service. She was born in Monroe, North Carolina.
In 2019, Darden was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal.
Toxic metals
Many metals, particularly heavy metals are toxic, but some heavy metals are essential, and some, such as bismuth, have a low toxicity. Most often the definition of toxic metals includes at least cadmium, manganese, lead, mercuryand the radioactive metals.These are quite harmful and hazardous.
Lights on the River
Lights on the River (Огни на реке) is a 1953 Soviet movie directed by Viktor Eisymont. It stars Valery Pastukh, Nina Shorina, and Aleksandr Kopelev.
Toxic metals
Harmful effects of metals:
The main threats to human health from heavy metals are associated with exposure to lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic. These metals have been extensively studied and their effects on human health regularly reviewed by international bodies such as the WHO. Heavy metals have been used by humans for thousands of years.
Heavy metal poisoning is the accumulation of heavy metals, in toxic amounts, in the soft tissues of the body. ... The heavy metals most commonly associated with poisoning of humans are lead, mercury, arsenic and cadmium.
How do you know if you have heavy metals in your body?
Government of the United Kingdom
The Government of the United Kingdom, formally referred to as His Majesty's Government, is the central government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It is also commonly referred to as simply the British Government or the UK Government.
Leader
The Government is led by the Prime Minister, who chooses the other Ministers. The Prime Minister and the other most powerful Ministers belong to a group known as the Cabinet, who are the most important decision makers in the Government. These ministers are all members of Parliament (MPs). Laws are made by MPs voting in Parliament, which is called 'legislative authority'. These laws make what is called primary legislation.
The Prime Minister now is Rishi Sunak, the present leader of the Conservative Party. Liz Truss, the former leader, was only Prime Minister for a short time and had succeeded Boris Johnson, who had been Prime Minister from 2019 until his resignation in 2022.
Election
The government is chosen by the people indirectly. The people of the United Kingdom vote in a general election, appointing representatives to the Parliament, at least once every five years. The monarch must select as Prime Minister the person who is likely to have the support of Parliament. By convention, that is normally the leader of the party that has the most MPs in the House of Commons. The Prime Minister leads the government and exercises executive power on behalf of the monarch, in accordance with the laws set by Parliament, including appointing Ministers to the executive branches of government.
Under the British constitution, laws are made or unmade by Parliament. The policy and administration of the laws is done by the direction of the Prime Minister and the Cabinet. This is called executive authority. The monarch is obliged to follow the advice of the government and has not refused to do so since the 17th century. The Cabinet members advise the monarch as part of a group called Privy Council. They also use their power directly as leaders of the Government departments.
Local governments
There are separate governments in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, each responsible to their own local parliament. These parliaments have certain limits decided by the main parliament in Westminster. There is no separate English Parliament.
Seguridad Social
Seguridad Social is a Spanish rock music band from Benetússer, Valencia. It was founded in 1982 by José Manuel Casany (also Casañ) (vocalist) and Santiago Serrano (guitar).
Casany met him when he was a member of Paranoicos. After that Serrano left his former band and joined to his friend's group. However they stopped their music career due their military services. Before leaving to go into the armed forces, they signed a contract with Citra label. One year later both returned to the band.
In 1984 Seguridad Social released its first LP: El desconcierto.
The 90's were a big change for the band. Most of its members left Seguridad Social. They were replaced by Javi Vela (guitar/vocalist), Alex Olías (bass/vocalist) and Rafa Villalba (drummer).
Tony Pignone
Tony Pignone is a retired weightlifter from Australia. Tony competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics. He was born on 18 March 1960.
Book of Revelation
The Book of Revelation, which is sometimes called Revelation to John, Apocalypse of John, or Revelation of Jesus Christ is the last book of the New Testament in the Bible.
Title
The last book of the New Testament is usually called the Book of Revelation or simply Revelation. While some of the earliest manuscripts are entitled "The Revelation of John", later manuscripts are usually entitled "The Revelation of the Theologian". For this reason, the Authorized King James Version calls Revelation the Revelation of Saint John the Divine (divine was a seventeenth century word for theologian.)
In Greek, the word apocalypse means revealing or unveiling.
Introduction
Over the course of Revelation, which many regard as the most difficult book in the Bible, the author has two visions. There are many different ways to interpret these visions, and there has been substantial disagreement over which is right.
Authorship
The person writing Revelation, who called himself "John", claims he was on the island of Patmos in the Aegean Sea when he saw his first vision. But there is disagreement over whether he is the same person as the Bible's other two Johns: the author of the letters of John and the author of The Gospel of John.
Content
Parts of the book seem to use symbols and codes in order to hide their meaning from outsiders, including the mysterious "number of the beast," or 666. The book ends with a vision of faithful souls in the next life rejoicing around the throne of God.
Christians often discuss topics from the book of Revelation, including the Millennium, a 1000-year period when Christ will rule the earth. Revelation also describes a final war between good and evil known as the Battle of Armageddon, though the word "Armageddon" is also sometimes used to describe any large war that ends the world. Both of these events are thought to be literal by some and figurative by others. While virtually all Christians agree that there will be a Second Coming of Christ, it is the subject of conflicting accounts in Revelation and therefore much disagreement about its details.
Throughout history, Revelation has been especially important to Christians who were suffering persecution and felt parts of the book could have been referring to them. Some verses that mention the afterlife have also traditionally been used at funerals.
Meghan Trainor
At the 2016 Grammy Awards, Trainor won the award for Best New Artist. On March 5, 2016, she released the lead single from her second major-label album, Thank You, titled "No". Thank You was released on May 13, 2016. "Me Too" was released on May 5, 2016, as the second single from the album.
In 2017, she became engaged to actor Daryl Sabara, who is known for his role in the movie Spy Kids, after dating since 2016. In 2018, she released the single "No Excuses" and announced that she was working on a new album. That year, she and Sabara were married and they have a son, Riley born in 2020.
Darkseid
Darkseid (pronounced "Darkside") is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Created by writer-artist Jack Kirby, the character made a cameo appearance in Superman's Pal Jimmy Olsen #134 (Dec. 1970) before making his full first appearance in Forever People #1 (Feb. 1971).
As the tyrannical ruler of the planet Apokolips, Darkseid's ultimate goal is to conquer the universe and eliminate all free will. One of the most powerful beings in the DC Universe, the character became a staple Superman villain and a major enemy of the Justice League. Darkseid was ranked number 6 on IGN's top 100 comic book villains of all time and number 23 on Wizard's 100 greatest villains of all time.
The character has been substantially adapted into various forms of media, most notably being voiced by Frank Welker in Super Friends: The Legendary Super Powers Show and The Super Powers Team: Galactic Guardians, by Michael Ironside in the DC animated universe, and by Andre Braugher in Superman/Batman: Apocalypse.
After being referenced multiple times in the DC Extended Universe, Darkseid made his live-action debut in the movie Zack Snyder's Justice League with Ray Porter playing him in 2021.
Alfonso Arau
Alfonso Arau Incháustegui (born January 11, 1932) is a Mexican actor, screenwriter and director. He was born in Mexico City. His career began in 1954. He was known for his roles as Captain Herrera in Sam Peckinpah's 1969 western, The Wild Bunch, chief bandit El Guapo in Three Amigos! (1986), shady businessman Manuel in the comedy Used Cars (1980), and the smuggler Juan in Romancing the Stone (1984). He directed the movies Zapata: The Dream of a Hero, Like Water for Chocolate and A Walk in the Clouds.
Juliusz Słowacki
Juliusz Slowacki (September 4, 1809 - April 3, 1849) was a Polish poet. He was born on August 23, 1809, according to the Old Calendar. September 4 is often given as his birthday but the calculation between days was wrong by one day. Slowacki is thought of as being as good a poet as most of the famous Polish writers. These include Mickiewicz, Norwid, Reymont (author of Chlopi), Wybicki, Krasinski and Sienkiewicz. He is buried in Wawel Cathedral in Krakow. This is the same crypt as Mickiewicz. He is considred third most important Polish poet.
Works
His work included romantic poems, plays and sonnets included "Balladyna", "My Testament", "King Ghost", "Fantazy", "Kordian", "Beniowski", "Agamemnon’s Tomb", "Silver Dream of Salomea", "Hymn", "Lilia Weneda" and "Anhelli".
Burial
Slowacki was first buried on April 5 1849 in Paris's famous Montmartre cemetery. Because he was not popular at the time, only about 30 people went to his funeral. In 1927, General Joseph Pilsudski ordered his body be dug up. It was taken back to Poland and honorably reburied on June 28 1927 in Krakow in the famous Wawel crypt for Polish nobles. He was buried with full military honors as a Polish hero. Pilsudski said: "Time to forget Slowacki is over, as long as there is Polish language, Slowacki will live on forever!"
Other websites
Prominent Poles
President of Albania
The president of Albania (Presidenti i Shqipërisë), officially styled President of the Republic of Albania (Presidenti i Republikës së Shqipërisë) is the head of state, commander-in-chief of the military and the representative of the unity of the Albanian people.
The president has the power to set the date of the elections for the Parliament as well as referendum, grants pardons and awards.
Sewol
The ferry MS Sewol, travelling from Incheon towards Jeju Island off the south coast of South Korea, sank on April 16, 2014 near Jindo Island off the southwest coast, resulting in the death of 304 people.
Sarah Waters
Sarah Waters (born 21 July 1966) is a Welsh novelist. She is known for novels set in the Victorian era and featuring lesbian protagonists. Her books include Tipping the Velvet and The Night Watch.
She was born in Neyland, Pembrokeshire, Wales. She is openly lesbian and lives in London.
John Christopher
Christopher Samuel "Sam" Youd (16 April 1922 – 3 February 2012), better known by his pen name John Christopher, was a British science fiction writer. He was best known for his novel The Death of Grass and the young adult novel series The Tripods. He won the Guardian Prize in 1971 and the Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis in 1976.
Parliament of Malta
The Parliament of Malta (Il-Parlament ta' Malta or also known as Il-Maħdet ta' Malta) is the constitutional legislative body in Malta, located in Valletta.
John Christopher
Christopher was born in Huyton, Lancashire. He was married to Joyce Fairbairn from 1946 until they divorced in 1978. They had five children: Nick, Rose, Liz, Sheila and Margret. He later was married to Jessica Ball until her death in 2001.
Parliament of Malta
The parliament is unicameral, with a democratically elected House of Representatives and the President of Malta.
John Christopher
Christopher died from bladder cancer on 3 February 2012 in Bath, Somerset. He was 89.
Parliament of Malta
By Constitutional law, all government ministers, including the Prime Minister, must be members of the House of Representatives.
Margot Lee Shetterly
Margot Lee Shetterly (born June 30, 1969) is an American non-fiction writer.
Oberkreuzberg
Oberkreuzberg is a village in the municipality of Spiegelau in the Lower Bavarian district of Freyung-Grafenau in Germany. Until 1978 it was an independent municipality.
Margot Lee Shetterly
Her first book, Hidden Figures: The Story of the African-American Women Who Helped Win the Space Race (2016). Her book was later made into an Academy Award-nominated movie Hidden Figures (2016).
Oberkreuzberg
Place
The parish village (Pfarrdorf) is at a height of 780 metres about 2 kilometres southwest of Spiegelau on the southern side of a mountain ridge up to 790 metres high with good views.
Badin District
Badin District (ضلع بدین) is a district in the Sindh province of Pakistan.
Administration
The district is administratively subdivided into the following talukas:
With the introduction of the devolution System the talukas have been sub-divided into the Union Councils numbering 49, Tapas 109 and Dehs 511.
Linear A
Linear A is an ancient script used on Crete. No one has been able to translate this script yet. It was one of the writing systems used in Minoan Crete. Another script, about a century older, is called Cretan hieroglyphs. For some time, both methods of writing were used. Probably, each system was used for a special purpose.
Linear A was used from about the 17th century BC until the 15th century BC. Linear B is a script based on Linear A. It has been translated. Archaeologist Arthur Evans found both Linear A and B.
Linear A has about fifty signs that are similar to those in Linear B. About 80% of the signs in Linear A are unique. Using the knowledge from Linear B to read Linear A produces text which cannot be read. The language used has been called Eteocretan. It does not seem to be related to any known language. Today, about 70 characters (probably representing syllables) are known. The meaning of about 100 ideographic characters is known. These are combined with the syllables. Also, there are a few numerals whose value is known.
Most texts seem to be lists. A few are probably short dedications, as they are found on libations. So far, no long texts have been found. Straight lines, such as those used for Linear A, are not very practical to use on clay tables. For this reasons, most writing was probably done on other things, such as papyrus or parchment. The problem with these materials is that they do not last as long as clay does. For this reason, most writing on papyrus and parchment has probably been lost.
Thetford Hoard
The Thetford Hoard, or Thetford Treasure, is a hoard of Romano-British metalwork found at Gallows Hill, near Thetford in Norfolk, in November 1979. It is now in the British Museum.
Dating from the mid- to late-4th century AD, this hoard is a collection of thirty-three silver spoons and three silver strainers, twenty-two gold finger rings, four gold bracelets, four necklace pendants, five gold chain necklaces and two pairs of necklace-clasps, a gold amulet designed as a pendant, an unmounted engraved gem, four beads (one emerald and three of glass), and a gold belt-buckle decorated with a dancing satyr. A small cylindrical lidded box made from shale also belonged to the hoard.
Discovery
The find was made under unfortunate circumstances. The site had been recently cleared for building work, and the finder was using a metal-detector without the knowledge and permission of the owners of the site. The discovery was made late on a November day, in failing light. The finder recovered the material in great haste, probably overlooking some small items, because he knew he had no legal right to search in that area. He did not, as the law requires, report his discovery to the authorities. Instead, he unwisely attempted to sell the objects he had found to private buyers.
By the time archaeologists learned of the find several months later, the place had been built over, which made proper archaeological investigation impossible. It was not even possible to question the finder about the circumstances: by the time the material arrived at the British Museum for study, he was terminally ill, and he died about a month later, in July 1980.
There were persistent rumours that the treasure originally included coins, and probably the group as we see it now is incomplete. The full account of the circumstances of the discovery is told in the standard catalogue.
Bandai
Bandai Co., Ltd. is a Japanese company that makes toys and video games. It is the third largest toy maker in the world.
Sickness benefit
Sickness benefit was part of the Social Security system in the United Kingdom. It started with the National Insurance Act 1911. People had to get a sick note and they had to have paid enough National Insurance Contributions. It lasted for six months. After that people got Invalidity Benefit if they were still ill. That was more money.
After 1983 most people got Statutory Sick Pay from their work for the first 8 weeks they were ill instead of sickness benefit. From 1986 Statutory Sick Pay lasted for 28 weeks, so people didn't get sickness benefit unless they couldn't get Statutory Sick Pay.
In 1948 it was 26 shillings a week, but married women only got 16 shillings because they were expected to rely on their husband for money. In 1987 it was £30.05 a week for both men and women.
Full twisting layout
A full twisting layout is a gymnastics tumble. The move is essentially a somersault but involves a full twist in the air. It can be performed tucked, piked or straight.
Edward Śmigły-Rydz
Edward Śmigły Rydz was an important leader of Poland. He was born in 1886 when Poland did not exist anymore and was partitioned between Austria, Prussia and Russia. Edward was born in the Austrian part.
Śmigły was studied painting in Cracow and became a painter. During World War 1 he joined Józef Piłsudski's Legions that fought to bring Poland back.
Piłsudski respected him a lot and made him General of the Polish Army. After Piłsudski, the leader of Poland died in 1935, he became the new leader. When World War 2 broke out in 1939 he defended Poland against the Nazi and Soviet invasion.
He lost and had to leave Poland. During World War 2 Śmigły returned to Poland secretly and led a resistance group against the Nazis.
He died in Warsaw in december of 1941.
Angelo Farrugia
Angelo "Anġlu" Farrugia (born 29 December 1955) is a Maltese politician. He is the Speaker of the House of Representatives of Malta. He was the Deputy Leader of the Labour Party, a Member of Parliament.
Prisoner's dilemma
The prisoner's dilemma is a paradox about co-operation. It shows why two "rational" individuals might not co-operate, even if it seems in their best interests. It is studied in game theory.
Setup
The police catch two criminals after they committed a crime. The police do not know which person committed the crime and which person just helped. They question the two in separate cells. Each prisoner can either stay silent or betray (hurt) the other by blaming the crime on them. If both stay silent, they only go to jail for 2 years. If one betrays and the other stays silent, the one that stays silent goes to jail for 10 years and the other one does not go to jail at all. If they both betray each other, they each go to jail for 5 years. No matter what happens, the prisoners will never see each other again.
Strategies
If you are a prisoner in this situation and you care only about yourself, the way to get the smallest sentence is to betray the other prisoner. No matter what, you get a shorter sentence when you betray than when you do not.
If the other prisoner stays silent and does not betray, then betraying means you do not go to jail at all instead of going to jail for 6 months.
The prisoner's dilemma does not have same result if some of the details are different.
Game theory was much studied during the Cold War period. In that case the "players" being studied were the United States and the Soviet Union.
Invalidity Benefit
Invalidity Benefit was a social security benefit from the United Kingdom's National Insurance scheme that was introduced in 1971 by Edward Heath's government. It was paid to people who were sick for more than six months. It was replaced by Incapacity Benefit in 1995.
In 1977 a special benefit was started for married women who had not paid National Insurance. It was called Housewives Non-contributory Invalidity Pension. They had to show that they could not do "normal household duties", like shopping, cooking and cleaning, for at least 28 weeks,
Manolo
Manuel Sánchez Delgado (born 17 January, 1965) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.
Club career statistics
292||97 292||97
International career statistics
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The Last Supper
The Last Supper is a painting by Leonardo da Vinci. It is a picture of the last supper of Jesus and his disciples. It shows how they reacted when Jesus said that one of them would betray him. Each disciple has their own expression showing their own reaction to what Jesus has just told them.
The painting is a mural on the wall of the Santa Maria delle Grazie rectory in the dining room in Milan, Italy. It measures 460 X 880 cm. Da Vinci began painting it in 1495 and finished it in 1498, but did not work on it all the time between these years. Some people think the painting has secret messages.
Keyboard (computer)
A computer keyboard is an input device that allows a person to enter letters, numbers, and other symbols (together, these are called characters) into a computer. It is one of the most used input devices for computers. Using a keyboard is often called typing.
A keyboard contains many mechanical switches or push-buttons called "keys". When one of these is pushed, an electrical circuit is closed, and the keyboard sends a signal to the computer that tells it what letter, number, or symbol it would like to be shown on the screen. The computer then shows the character on the screen, usually at the place where the flashing text cursor is.
Besides entering characters, computer keyboards also have special keys that change the symbol (such as shift or caps lock ) or give the computer special commands (such as the arrow keys, CTRL and ALT). Different computer operating system use different special keys or use them differently. Special commands can also be activated through combinations of keys, called keyboard shortcuts. Some of the most common shortcuts on Windows programs are: Ctrl + C, to copy some text or a picture; Ctrl + V, to paste what was copied; and Ctrl + F, to find a certain word on a document or web page.
A keyboard can be joined to a computer using a wire, but can also be wireless (like those that use Bluetooth). Most wired 21st-century keyboards connect to a USB socket on the computer, but older ones use a round, purple DIN connector.
Types
There are different types of keyboards. They can be based on the way the keys work; for example, laptops have keys that do not move a lot, because the keyboard has to be very thin in order to fit inside the laptop. On the other hand, video game players often like keyboards with keys that move a lot, so that they feel the key working. Gaming keyboards also need fast reaction times. In between these two types, an ergonomic keyboard is made to be easier for people to type for long periods of time, without hurting their hands or arms.
There are also different ways the keys on a keyboard are arranged, usually to deal with different regions and languages of the world. Most computer keyboards have the keys in six rows, but some laptops use only five or even four rows to save space. The most popular layout is called QWERTY, which is based on the first six letters on them. The QWERTY design was made so that the most common letters would not make the moving parts of a mechanical typewriter "jam", or stop working. Now, even though most people do not use typewriters anymore, the design stayed because people were used to it. Other layouts have been developed, for example the Dvorak keyboard, which puts the most common letters in the places that are easiest to reach.
Risks
Keystroke logging is making a record of each key that is pressed. Keystroke logging can be used to measure employee activity. Hackers can also use keystroke logging to get private information, such as passwords. This can be done by putting a piece of hardware in the keyboard or on the cable, or by installing malware in the computer. A wireless keyboard makes it especially easy for the hacker to detect the wireless signals.
The use of any keyboard may cause repetitive strain injury to the hands, wrists, arms, neck or back. The risks of injuries can be reduced by taking frequent, short breaks to get up and walk around, a couple of times every hour. Users should also vary tasks throughout the day, to avoid overuse of the hands and wrists. When using a keyboard, a person should keep the shoulders relaxed with the elbows at the side, with the keyboard and mouse positioned so that they are comfortable to use. The chair height and keyboard should be adjusted so that the wrists are straight, and not resting on sharp edges of tables or the computers themselves. Some technology ranging from special keyboards to pen-tablet interfaces or speech recognition software can reduce the risk of injury. Pause software reminds the user to pause frequently.
Researchers are studying if keyboards can spread diseases. Some keyboards were found to contain five times more germs than a toilet seat.
Patricia Routledge
Dame Katherine Patricia Routledge (born 17 February 1929), professionally billed as Patricia Routledge, is an English actress and singer. She is best known for her role as Hyacinth Bucket in the BBC sitcom Keeping Up Appearances (1990–1995), for which she was nominated for the BAFTA TV Award for Best Light Entertainment Performance in 1992 and 1993. Her film appearances include To Sir, with Love (1967) and Don't Raise the Bridge, Lower the River (1968).
Routledge was born in Tranmere, Cheshire, England. She has never been married and has no children. She has lived in Chichester, West Sussex since 2000, and regularly worships at Chichester Cathedral. , she was a patron of the Beatrix Potter Society.
Pachelbel's Canon
Pachelbel's Canon is often played at weddings.
Listen
This is Pachelbel's Canon played on a piano:
Polish Corridor
The Polish Corridor (Polnischer Korridor; Pomorze, Polski Korytarz), also known as the Danzig Corridor, Corridor to the Sea or Gdańsk Corridor, is a piece of land  in the region of Pomerelia (eastern Pomerania, formerly part of West Prussia). It was used by the Second Republic of Poland (1920–1939) for access to the Baltic Sea. The corridor separated much of Germany (Weimar Republic) from East Prussia. At its narrowest point, the corridor was only 30 km wide. It separated The Free City of Danzig (now the Polish city of Gdańsk), from both Poland and Germany.
Creation
The corridor was used to secure Poland's access to the Baltic Sea. This is based on U.S. President Woodrow Wilson's proposal in his famous Fourteen Points speech at the start of 1918. The German-majority city of Danzig was not a part of the Polish Corridor but was instead made a free city under League of Nations rule. Weimar Germany's various governments did not accept the new German-Polish border as being permanent and hoped to change this border later on through negotiations.
Disestablishment
In March 1939, Nazi German dictator Adolf Hitler said that Poland should agree to return Danzig to Germany. He also wanted them to build highways across the Polish Corridor. Poland rejected this proposal and got Anglo-French guarantees against Nazi German aggression. When Nazi Germany invaded Poland in September 1939 over this issue, Britain and France declared war on Nazi Germany and World War II began.
Jawed Karim
Jawed Karim (born October 28, 1979) is an American software engineer and Internet entrepreneur. He has Bangladeshi and German descent. He is a co-founder of YouTube. He is also the first person to upload a video to the site.
Long COVID
Long COVID, also known as long-haul COVID or chronic COVID syndrome, refers to the long-term symptoms of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Not everyone who has the disease will get long COVID.
About
Some people feel better in a few days or weeks, and most people with long COVID will make a full recovery within 12 weeks.
The chance of having long-term symptoms is not linked to how ill someone is when they first get the disease (COVID-19). It can happen to anyone. In 2023 about 2.2 million people in the United Kingdom – some 3.4% of the population were thought to have Long Covid. The symptoms are similar to chronic fatigue syndrome.
List of symptoms
Symptoms reported by people with long COVID include:
Kurgan Oblast
Kurgan Oblast (Курга́нская о́бласть, Kurganskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia. Specifically, it is an oblast. Its administrative center (capital city) is the city of Kurgan. In June 2014, the population was estimated to be 874,100, down from 910,807 in the 2010 Census.
History
Kurgan Oblast was created on February 6, 1943. It included 32 districts from Chelyabinsk Oblast and 4 districts from Omsk Oblast. These districts added up to a total population of 975,000.
Geography
Kurgan Oblast is in the Urals Federal District. It borders Chelyabinsk Oblast in the west, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the northwest, Tyumen Oblast in the northeast, and the Kazakh regions of Kostanay and North Kazakhstan in the south.
Economy
Kurgan Oblast borders the oil and gas-rich districts of Tyumen Oblast. Because of this, many major pipelines go through Kurgan Oblast.
Demographics
Population: 834,701 (2019 estimate ),
Russians (823,722) are the largest ethnic group in the Kurgan Oblast. They make up 92.5% of the population. Other major ethnic groups in the oblast include Tatars (17,017) at 1.9%, Bashkirs (12,257) at 1.4%, Kazakhs (11,939) 1.3%, and Ukrainians (7,080) at 0.8%. Other ethnicities are 2.1%.
References
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Cargo cult
Cargo cult is a name given to several religions. There are many cargo cults in Melanesia and New Guinea. These religions are started when tribal societies come into contact with Western civilisation. When the first contact happened, the tribespeople saw Western manufactured goods, like radios. These things are called cargo. The tribespeople did not know how the manufactured goods worked nor how they were made.
They imitate the behaviour they saw the Westerners do, in the hope that some spirits will send them more cargo. In other cases, such as on the island of Tanna in Vanuatu, cult members worship Americans who brought the cargo.
The people who are part of the cargo cults think that the cargo was created by their deities and ancestors. They think that the cargo was made for the members of the cargo cult, but the foreigners have it. For this reason, the efforts and rituals of cargo cults are done so that the foreigners should get less of these goods and the cult members more of them.
Alan Oshyer
Alan Oshyer was a weightlifter from Australia. Alan competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics. He was born on 26 July 1939 and died in 2002.
Dirty paper coding
In telecommunications, dirty paper coding (DPC) is a good way to send digital data through a channel that is subject to some interference that is known to the sender. The sender does precoding of the data so as to cancel the effect of the interference.
North Dallas Forty
North Dallas Forty is a 1979 American comedy-drama movie directed by Ted Kotcheff and was based on the 1973 novel of the same name by Peter Gent. It stars Nick Nolte, Mac Davis, Dayle Haddon, Bo Svenson, G. D. Spradlin, Dabney Coleman, Charles Durning and was distributed by Paramount Pictures.
Dirty paper coding
Costa asked the following question: "imagine we have a piece of paper covered with independent dirt spots ... and we write a message on it with a limited amount of ink. The dirty paper, with the message on it, is then sent to someone else, and acquires more ... dirt along the way. If the recipient cannot distinguish between the ink and the dirt, how much information can we reliably send?"
When Costa asked his question, the Shannon–Hartley theorem (and the more general noisy-channel coding theorem) was well known. The Shannon–Hartley theorem tells us that, all else being equal, a paper sent along a path that picks up less dirt can reliably deliver more information than another paper sent along a path that picks up more dirt. People have also thought up many ways of dealing with such dirt added after the message is written—see error detection and correction for details.
Most people expected that the same thing would happen when dirt is added to the paper before the message was written—the more dirt, the less information can be reliably sent.
In 1983, Costa showed the surprising result that we can send just as much information on such a dirty piece of paper as we can when writing on a clean sheet of paper, and gave a way to get that capacity.
A dirty paper code is a way for the writer to adapt his message to the dirt already on the paper. The writer and the reader agree ahead of time on which dirty paper code they will use for the messages.
History
A similar problem called "writing on dirty tape (WDT)" is more complicated. As of 2005, the capacity computation problem and the capacity-achieving problem for writing on dirty tape are unsolved .
"Writing on wet paper" is a related problem in steganography .