cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Celsius
History
In 1744, the year Anders Celsius died, the famous Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus (1707–1778) used a reversed version of Celsius's scale when he bought his first thermometer. This had a scale where zero represented the melting point of ice and 100 represented water's boiling point, similar to what we use it today. His custom-made "Linnaeus thermometer", to use in his greenhouses, was made by Daniel Ekström, then Sweden's leading maker of scientific instruments. Ekstöm's workshop was in the basement of the Stockholm observatory. As often happened in this age before modern communications, many physicists, scientists, and instrument makers are given credit with independently making the same measurement scale; among them were Pehr Elvius, the secretary of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (which had an instrument workshop), who Linnaeus had also talked to; Christin of Lyons; Daniel Ekström, the instrument maker; and Mårten Strömer (1707–1770) who had studied astronomy under Anders Celsius.
The first known document reporting temperatures in this modern "forward" Celsius scale is the paper Hortus Upsaliensis, dated 16 December 1745, that Linnaeus wrote to a student of his, Samuel Nauclér. In it, Linnaeus reported the temperatures inside the orangery at the Botanical Garden of Uppsala University:
"...since the caldarium (the hot part of the greenhouse) by the angle of the windows, merely from the rays of the sun, obtains such heat that the thermometer often reaches 30 degrees, although the keen gardener usually takes care not to let it rise to more than 20 to 25 degrees, and in winter not under 15 degrees..."
For the next 204 years, the scientific and thermometry communities worldwide called this scale the "centigrade scale". Temperatures on the centigrade scale were often reported as "degrees" or "degrees centigrade". The symbol for temperature values on this scale was °C (in several formats over the years). Because the name "centigrade" was also the Spanish and French language name for a unit of angular measurement (one-hundredth of a right angle) and had a similar meaning in other languages, the term "centesimal degree" was used when very precise, clear language was required for international communication, such as by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM). The 9th CGPM (General Conference on Weights and Measures) and the CIPM (International Committee for Weights and Measures) officially decided to use "degree Celsius" (symbol: °C) in 1948.
There were three reasons for the decision in 1948 to use the word Celsius:
It would take nearly two decades however, for school textbooks to change from centigrade to Celsius, and many people today still use the old name.
Why (Annie Lennox song)
Track listings
CD maxi
Ari Gold (musician)
Ari Gold (February 11, 1974 – February 14, 2021) was an American pop singer and songwriter.
He was openly gay. Many of his songs songs talked about his life as a gay Jew such as in his album titled Ari Gold – Untitled: The Making of a Gay Pop Star.
Joshua Kimmich
Joshua Walter Kimmich (born 8 February 1995) is a German professional footballer. He plays as a right-back or defensive midfielder for Bundesliga club Bayern Munich and the Germany national team.
Honours
Bayern Munich
Germany U19
Germany
Individual
Gennady Golovkin
Gennady Gennadyevich Golovkin (Cyrillic: Геннадий Геннадьевич Головкин; born 8 April 1982), often known by his nickname "GGG" or "Triple G", is a Kazakhstani boxer who currently holds the unified WBA (Super), WBC, IBF and the IBO middleweight titles. In his amateur career, Golovkin won a gold medal in the middleweight division at the 2003 World Amateur Boxing Championships. He went on to represent Kazakhstan at the 2004 Summer Olympics, winning a middleweight silver medal. He is ranked as the number one middleweight boxer and number three on pound for pound.
Endymion
Endymion is a human character in Greek mythology.
His story is told by various ancient authors. In most versions he is a shepherd, and a young man of unusual handsomeness – so much so that the Moon goddess Selene falls in love with him. She uses her divine power to keep him asleep forever, preserving his youth and beauty.
The Endymion story has been re-told by poets and playwrights. The English playwright John Lyly wrote one version; and the poet John Keats used the story as the basis for his long poem Endymion.
The name also inspired Prince Endymion, the name of Momaru Chiba's (Darien in the English version) past life character and the lover of the reincarnated Princess Serenity, Usagi (Serena) Tsukino from the popular anime and manga Sailor Moon. In the future he becomes King Darien (キング・エンディミオン King Endymion), ruler of Crystal Tokyo, husband of Neo Queen Serenity and father of Rini.
Siding Spring Observatory
Siding Spring Observatory is an observatory near in Coonabarabran, New South Wales, Australia. It is a part of the Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics at the Australian National University.
Natillas
Natillas is a type of food. Natillas refers to a variety of dishes in Spanish-speaking countries.
Hvidovre IF
Hvidovre Idrætsforening, mostly known as Hvidovre IF is a Danish professional football club. It is from Hvidovre. The club is in the Danish Superliga. It plays its home matches at the Hvidovre Stadion.
The club was made in 1925. They have been crowned Danish champions three times, in 1966, 1973 and 1981. They won the Danish Cup in 1980.
Nelson Pyatt
Frederick Nelson Pyatt (born September 9, 1953) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. Pyatt was born in Port Arthur, Ontario. Drafted in 1973 by both the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League and the Minnesota Fighting Saints of the World Hockey Association, Pyatt also played for the Washington Capitals and Colorado Rockies.
He is the father of Jesse and former NHL players Tom and Taylor Pyatt.
Epistle to the Ephesians
Ephesians, is the forty-ninth book in the Christian Bible, and the tenth in the New Testament. This book is thought to have been written by the Apostle Paul to the people of Ephesus while he was imprisoned in Rome, around 62 A.D. However, the words "in Ephesus" do not appear in the best and earliest hand copies of the letter, leading most textual critics, like Bart Ehrman, to regard the words "in Ephesus" as a later addition. Copies of the letter may have been sent to other churches also, since it contains no personal references to people at Ephesus.
The Church at Ephesus
Paul's first short visit of three months to Ephesus is recorded in Acts Chapter 18, verses 19–21. The work he began then was continued by Apollos (Acts Chapter 18 verses 24–26) and Aquila and Priscilla. On his second visit early in the next year, he stayed at Ephesus "three years", and from there visited the western parts of Asia Minor. From Ephesus the gospel spread abroad "almost throughout all Asia Minor."
On his last journey to Jerusalem, the apostle landed at Miletus and, called together the leaders of the church from Ephesus, and said "good bye" to them expecting to see them no more. (Acts Chapter 20, verses 18–35)
Content of the letter
In Chapter 6 Paul tells about how families should treat each other. He says that children should love their parents, fathers should not make their children angry, servants should serve their masters, and masters should not threaten their servants, since God does not favor any group above another.
Salena (singer)
Selina-Maria Edbauer (born 11 March 1998), known professionally as Salena, is an Austrian singer and songwriter. She is best known for the song "Who the Hell is Edgar?", which she wrote alongside Teya.
Life and career
Salena was born in the Austrian state of Styria.
In 2017, Salena participated in the TV show The Voice of Germany. In 2019, she attempted represent Austria at the Eurovision Song Contest with her song "Behind the Waterfall", but ORF did not select her. In 2021, she competed in the Austrian talent show Starmania.
In 2023, it was announced that she would represent Austria in Eurovision 2023, alongside Teya, who she met on Starmania, with the song "Who the Hell is Edgar?". They were runners-up in the second semi-final and finished in 15th place in the Grand Final.
Twyford Bathrooms
Twyford Bathrooms is a porcelain sanitary company founded in 1849, headquartered in Alsager, UK. Its core product is toilets however they also make bathroom fixtures and plumbing supplies. In 2010 it was announced that the company would have its headquarters based outside the UK and also some of its factories.
Pat Dye
Patrick Fain Dye (November 6, 1939 – June 1, 2020) was an American football player, coach, writer and college athletics administrator. He was the head football coach at East Carolina University (1974–1979), the University of Wyoming (1980), and Auburn University (1981–1992). He was the Athletic Director at Auburn from 1981 to 1991.
From 1961 to 1962, he played for the Edmonton Eskimos.
He was added into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 2005. On November 19, 2005 the playing field in the stadium at Auburn University was named 'Pat Dye Field' in his honor.
Dye was born in Blythe, Georgia. He studied at the University of Georgia. Dye wrote two autobiographies and a children's book. He lived in Auburn, Alabama.
On May 21, 2020 Dye was hospitalized in Atlanta for kidney-related problems. He was later diagnosed with COVID-19. He died under hospice care of liver failure and kidney failure in Auburn on June 1, 2020 at the age of 80.
James Traficant
James Anthony "Jim" Traficant, Jr. (May 8, 1941 – September 27, 2014) was an American politician. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio. He represented the 17th Congressional District from 1985 until 2002. He was a member of the Democratic Party from 1981 until 2010, and was independent from 2010 until his death.
He ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1988.
Traficant was arrested and imprisoned. He was convicted of taking bribes, filing false tax returns, racketeering, and forcing his aides to perform chores at his farm in Ohio and Washington, D.C. houseboat. He was released on September 2, 2007, after serving seven years.
List of cities in Indiana
The following is the list of cities in Indiana. Cities marked with an asterisk (*) have a population of at least 35,000 and up to 600,000.
James Traficant
Traficant was born in Youngstown, Ohio. He was raised in a Roman Catholic family. He was of mostly Italian and Slovak ancestry. He was married to Patricia "Tish" Choppa Traficant.
List of cities in Indiana
== References==
James Traficant
Traficant died after suffering a heart attack caused by a tractor accident on September 27, 2014 at his home in Youngstown. He was 73.
Abe Segal
Abe Segal (23 October 1930 – 4 April 2016) was a South African tennis player. He was born in Johannesburg, South Africa. During the 1950s and 1960s, he was the doubles partner of Gordon Forbes. Together, they were thought of as one of the best doubles teams in the world.
Career
Due to South Africa's policy of Apartheid, Alex Metreveli and István Gulyás both refused to compete in the 1964 Wimbledon against Segal, a white South African. This created the International Lawn Tennis Federation to pass a resolution prohibiting racial discrimination and dropping out of the tournament except due to "health or bereavement"
After retiring from tennis, Segal worked on painting. In 2008 he published a memoir titled Hey Big Boy!.
Death
Segal died of cancer on 4 April 2016 in Cape Town, South Africa at the age of 85.
Arrondissement of Sedan
The arrondissement of Sedan is an arrondissement of France in the Ardennes department in the Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Sedan.
It is the most eastern of the arrondissements of the department and has an area of 792.2 km2, the smallest arrondissement of the department. It has 59,584 inhabitants and a density of inhabitants/km².
History
When the Ardennes department was created on 1800, the arrondissement of Sedan was part of that original department.
On 10 September 1926, the arrondissement of Sedan was eliminated but in 1942 it was made again an arrondissement.
Geography
The arrondissement of Sedan is bordered to the north by Belgium (Luxembourg province), to the east by the Meuse department, to the south by the arrondissement of Vouziers and to the west by the arrondissement of Charleville-Mézières.
Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.
There are 5 cantons in the arrondissement of Sedan; they are (with their INSEE codes):
Communes
The arrondissement of Sedan has 73 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes):
The communes with more inhabitants in the arrondissement are:
National Cleavage Day
Along with the Wonderbra, Cosmopolitan and 5fm, a SABC radio station have sponsored this event. According to Samantha Paterson, the manager for Wonderbra, the National Cleavage Day had become a great start for women's independence and power in all forms of life, from their careers to their relationships and to their own destiny. Anita Meiring, public relations consultant for Wonderbra, explained The event was created to help build women empowerment about their breast being very unique and that they should be very proud of it. She also stated that "It gives men a legitimate (real) reason to stare (look) at boobs (women's breast)."
National Cleavage Day is celebrated in offices, restaurants and bars throughout the nation. This event was given negative feedback from Dr. Siqwana-Ndulo. She had said that "This is a pure marketing tool using people's bodies." She then stated that, "The commission is against any person or advertising company which uses people's bodies for marketing purposes be it advertising a car or anything of that sort."
Viborg, South Dakota
Viborg is a city in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Turner County, and 782 people lived there at the 2010 census. Viborg became a city in 1903.
Corbin City, New Jersey
Corbin City is a city in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States.
Huisheim
Huisheim is a municipality in the district of Donau-Ries in Bavaria in Germany. The mayor is currently Hermann Rupprecht of the Social Democratic Party of Germany.
Egg Harbor City, New Jersey
Egg Harbor City is a city in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States.
Mozilla (web browser)
Mozilla was a web browser that was made open source. It was developed by Mozilla Foundation. It was the base of Mozilla Firefox.
Univision (Latin America)
Univision is a Latin American subscription television channel from Mexico and the United States. It is owned by Grupo Televisa and Univision Communications, It is operated through its subsidiary Televisa Networks. Broadcasts began on March 30, 2016.
History
On January 21, 2016, it was announced that Univision Communications, in conjunction with Televisa Networks, plan to launch a channel based on Univision's signal, which will be available throughout Latin America. The signal will be operated by Televisa Networks, who will also be in charge of distribution and sales throughout the region.
On Monday, March 30, 2016, the signal went on the air, completing 70% of Univision's original and simultaneous programming. The rest will be completed for Televisa's original content.
On May 3, 2017, Univision entered DirecTV's offering on channel 760.
Yevdokiya
Yevdokiya (Евдокия) is a 1961 Soviet romantic drama movie directed by Tatyana Lioznova. It stars Lyudmila Khityaeva, Nikolai Lebedev, and Alevtina Rumyantseva.
Apicomplexa
The Apicomplexa are a large group of protists (protozoa) which are parasitic. They have developed some extraordinary adaptations which fit them in their parasitic life. They are all single-celled, they are all parasites of animals, and they all form spores.
They have a unique organelle, a plastid called an apicoplast, and an apical complex structure which gets them into a host's cell. They do not have structures such as flagella or pseudopods except in certain gamete stages. Body movement is by flexing or gliding.
The group were once called the Sporozoa, but this name is now discouraged.
Apicomplexans have complex life cycles, and there is much variation among different apicomplexan groups. Both asexual and sexual reproduction occur. Cell nuclei are haploid.
Life cycle
Most members have a complex life-cycle, with both asexual and sexual reproduction. A host is infected by an active invasion by the parasites. The parasites divide to produce sporozoites which enter its cells. Eventually, the cells burst, releasing merozoites, which infect new cells. Eventually, gametes are produced, and they fuse to create new cysts. There are many variations on this basic pattern, however, and many Apicomplexa have more than one host.
The apical complex includes vesicles which open at the front of the cell. They secrete enzymes that allow the parasite to enter other cells. The tip is surrounded by a band of microtubules, called the polar ring, and among the Conoidasida there is also a funnel of tubulin proteins called the conoid.
The presence of alveoli and other traits place the Apicomplexa among a group called the alveolates. Several related flagellates, such as Perkinsus and Colpodella, have structures similar to the polar ring and were formerly included here, but most appear to be closer relatives of the dinoflagellates. They are probably similar to the common ancestor of the two groups.
Another similarity is that many apicomplexan cells contain a single plastid, called the apicoplast, surrounded by either 3 or four membranes. Its functions are thought to include tasks such as lipid and haem biosynthesis. It appears to be necessary for survival. The plastids are thought to have a common origin with the chloroplasts of dinoflagellates, and evidence points to an origin from red algae rather than green.
New Hythe railway station
New Hythe railway station is a railway station in New Hythe, Kent. The station is on the Medway Valley Line.
History
The line between Strood and Maidstone, on which New Hythe lies, was completed in 1856. However, no trains went there until 9 December 1929. At that time, New Hythe Halt, a timber-built halt, was opened to serve the huge paper mill which was next to the line. The present station was constructed in 1936. The line was electrified in 1939.
Services
All train services are provided by Southeastern. The typical off-peak service from New Hythe is two trains per hour to Maidstone West, with alternate trains extended to Paddock Wood and Tonbridge, and two trains an hour to Strood, for connections to London.
You Only Live Once
You Only Live Once is a 1937 American crime drama movie directed by Fritz Lang and starring Sylvia Sidney, Henry Fonda, Barton MacLane, Jean Dixon, William Gargan, Jerome Cowan, John Wray. It was distributed by United Artists.
Ramallah
Ramallah (رام الله Rāmallāh is a Palestinian city, in the West Bank. It is 10 km north of Jerusalem. It currently serves as the de facto capital of the State of Palestine, Palestine Liberation Organization and the Palestinian National Authority. The constitutional capital is Jerusalem. Ramallah has over 27,000 people living there. Ramallah was historically a Christian town, but today Muslims form the majority of the population, with 25% of the people Christians.
The name of the city is made of "Ram", an Aramaic word that means "high place or mountain", and "Allah", the Arabic word for God. It translates as "Height of God".
Palestinian PLO leader (1969-2004) Yasser Arafat is entombed here in mausoleum.
Night (book)
Night is a memoir by Nobel Peace Prize-winning author Elie Wiesel. It was published in 1982 in Yiddish, French, and English. The story is about Wiesel's survival and struggle during the Holocaust. The soup consumed by Wiesel was described as "[tasting] of death" in a memorable quote.
Richmond County, Georgia
Richmond County is a county located in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 206,607. It is one of the original counties of Georgia, created February 5, 1777.
Prime Minister of Tunisia
This page lists the holders of the office of Prime Minister of Tunisia (chef du gouvernement tunisien). The office was created in May 1922. Mustapha Dinguizli was Tunisia's first Prime Minister.
Oath
The Head of the Government swears to the following oath in the presence of the President:
Anthrax
Anthrax, or splenic fever, is a disease. Both humans and other animals can get it. It is caused by the bacterium bacillus anthracis. It is common with even-toed ungulates (some hoofed creatures, like camels and giraffes). The spores of the bacteria can live for hundreds of years. Humans usually catch the disease from animals. It is usually not passed from one human to another. Anthrax can be treated with antibiotics. There is also a vaccine against it. If not treated, anthrax often leads to death.
Prime Minister of Tunisia
Oath
"I swear by Almighty God to work faithfully for the good of Tunisia, to respect its Constitution and laws, scrupulously to their interests and serve loyally."
Anthrax
Types of anthrax
There are 89 different strains (kinds) of anthrax. One of them, the Ames strain, was used against the United States in 2001 as a biological weapon.
Outbreaks
In September 2001, several letters containing anthrax were mailed to several USA media companies and senators. The attacks were linked to the September 11 attacks which occurred a few days before the start of the attack.
Hoaxes
There were many cases of fake powder being found in envelopes.
Kantō region
The Kantō region (関東地方) is one of Japan's regions. The Japanese conventions of geography and history divide the nation into eight regions, including the Kantō region. These have been used since 1905 as basic units for description and comparison and as cultural markers.
The regions of Japan are a fusion of historical divisions and modern administrative needs". The significance of the region in Japan is geographical, cultural and administrative.
History
Gokishichidō is an ancient system of names for parts of the country, including Tōkaidō. Kantō covers an east-central area of the island of Honshū in roughly the same area as the traditional Tōkaidō.
The region of Kantō covers the east-central part of the island of Honshū.
In the Meiji period, the modern regional system was made by Imperial decree. Japan was divided into regions (chihō ), including the Kantō region. A regional council (chihō gyōsei kyōgisai) was headed by the governor of the most powerful prefecture in the regional grouping. The council also included regional chiefs of central government ministries.
Table: Kanto Region
Over time, Kantō developed its own regional dialects, customs and unique traditional culture.
Geography
The region includes the Greater Tokyo Area. The Kantō covers seven prefectures: Gunma, Tochigi, Ibaraki, Saitama, Tokyo, Chiba, and Kanagawa.
Subdivisions
North and South subdivisions are sometimes used:
East and West subdivisions are sometimes used:
Inland and Coastal subdivisions are sometimes used:
Greater Kantō
The Japanese national government defines the National Capital Region (首都圏) as the Kantō region plus Yamanashi Prefecture.
Related pages
[[Image:Gokishichido.svg|thumb|200px|Regions in the context of modern prefectures:
Estell Manor, New Jersey
Estell Manor is a city in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States.
Northfield, New Jersey
Northfield is a city in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States.
Martha Keys
Martha Elizabeth Keys (born August 10, 1930) is an American politician. She is a retired Democratic politician who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from Kansas from 1975 to 1979.
She was elected a Democrat to the United States House of Representatives from Manhattan, Kansas in 1974 and served two terms before being defeated for reelection in 1978. While serving in the House of Representatives, Keys and her husband divorced, and she was remarried to fellow Congressman Andrew Jacobs, Jr. They separated in 1981 and eventually divorced.
Keys's sister, Lee Keys, is married to former U.S. Senator and presidential candidate Gary Hart.
Attrition warfare
A war of attrition is a military strategy in which one side tries to cause the other to lose so many soldiers and to have so much military equipment destroyed that the enemy forces are worn down until they collapse. The side that has more resources (soldiers and military equipment) usually wins.
Strategic considerations
Military experts like Sun Tzu say attrition is not the best way to win a war. A famous quote by Sun Tzu is "the supreme art of war is to subdue the enemy without fighting." In a war of attrition, both parties think they can win. One is always wrong, and often, both are wrong. Both sides can end up with fewer resources than when they began.
Ideally, wars are won using the fewest soldiers and weapons possible. Another form of attrition warfare is the search-and-destroy operations that were used by the United States during the Vietnam War. That conflict showed that wars of attrition do not work when the enemy is willing to absorb higher losses and to continue a war indefinitely.
American Civil War
Union General Ulysses S. Grant began a war of attrition with the Battle of the Wilderness. That was a change for the Army of the Potomac, which was no longer going after the Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia. Grant was now directly going after Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. It was the first battle of the Union Army's Overland Campaign and ended with neither side victorious. The combined casualties totaled 28,000.
Grant knew that although his losses were greater, any losses for the Confederacy would reduce its capacity to fight. The North had a much larger pool of resources to work with than the South. Grant concluded that any Confederate losses were, therefore, worth the sacrifice made by the Union Army.
World War I
One of the best examples of a war of attrition is World War I on the Italian and the Western Fronts. Both sides were drained until one side did not have enough men, horses, food and other military resources to continue. The term was often used to show a lack of imagination in simply throwing soldiers at their enemy.
That implies attrition warfare can be avoided, but that is not always unfortunately the case, and attrition is frequently a key approach to winning a war. An army will use maneuver and position to its advantage so that when the fight,l occurs, the enemy suffers the greater loss of resources.
Margate City, New Jersey
Margate City is a city in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States.
Moja Republika
"Moja Republika" (Моја Република; "My Republic") is the anthem of Republika Srpska in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Muhammad VIII al-Amin
Muhammad VIII al-Amin, known as Lamine Bey (4 September 1881 – 30 September 1962), was the last Bey of Tunis (15 May 1943 – 20 March 1956),[1][2] and also the only King of Tunisia (20 March 1956 – 25 July 1957).
Attrition warfare
World War I
Attrition may be necessary to create the space in which to maneuver and position forces. For that reason, the two approaches to fighting a war are closely linked, and attrition is often the more important one. The end of World War I is described in detail by Keegan. It is enough to say that Germany could not replace the casualties with equal numbers of new troops.
Linwood, New Jersey
Linwood is a city in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States.
Listen Like Thieves (song)
"Listen Like Thieves" is a 1986 song by Australian new wave band INXS. It is the title track from their fifth studio album Listen Like Thieves. It went to number 28 in Australia, number 46 in the United Kingdom and number 54 in United States. It was covered by Was (Not Was) in 1992.
St. George, Vermont
St. George is a town in Chittenden County, Vermont, United States.
713 Requests Permission to Land
713 Requests Permission to Land (713-й просит посадку) is a 1962 Soviet movie directed by Grigory Nikulin. It stars Vladimir Chestnokov, Otar Koberidze, and Lev Krugly.
Zyta Gilowska
From 22 September 2006 to 16 November 2007, she again was deputy prime minister and finance minister. In October 2006, Gilowska was made the head of Poland's financial supervisory authority and the European Investment Bank governor of Poland.
Port Republic, New Jersey
Port Republic is a city in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States.
The Good Earth (movie)
The Good Earth is a 1937 American romantic drama movie directed by Sidney Franklin, Gustav Machatý and Victor Fleming. It was based on the 1931 novel of the same name by Pearl S. Buck and starring Paul Muni, Luise Rainer, Walter Connolly, Tilly Losch, Charley Grapewin, Jessie Ralph. It was nominated for 5 Oscars and won 2 Academy Awards in 1938.
Underhill, Vermont
Underhill is a town in Chittenden County, Vermont, United States.
Emperor Kanmu
Emperor Kanmu (桓武天皇), also written as Kammu, was the 50th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign started in 781 and ended in 806.
Traditional history
Before he became the monarch, this prince's personal name (imina) was Yamabe (山部).
Prince Yamabe was the eldest son of Prince Shirakabe (later known as Emperor Kōnin). According to the Shoku Nihongi (続日本紀), Yamabe's mother was a descendant of King Muryeong of Baekje.
Kanmu had 16 empresses and consorts, and 32 imperial sons and daughters. Among his sons were Emperor Heizei, Emperor Saga and Emperor Junna.
Events of Kanmu's life
Before he became the monarch, he was Crown Prince for eight years.
During his reign, Kanmu tried to simplify the hierarchy and the functions of his government.
The capital of Japan was moved from Nara (Heijō-kyō) to Nagaoka (Nagaoka-kyō) in 784. The capital would be moved again in 794 to Kyoto (Heian-kyō).
Kanmu named Sakanoue no Tamuramaro (758-811) to lead a military expedition against the Emishi.
Eras of reign
The years of Kammu's reign are identified by more than one era name (nengō).
With the Beatles
With the Beatles is The Beatles' second UK album. It was recorded four months after the band's first album, Please Please Me and was released on 22 November, 1963. The album sold so well in England, it qualified to enter the hit singles charts.
Most of the songs were used again in the first American Beatles album issued by Capitol Records, Meet The Beatles! Other songs appeared on The Beatles' Second Album. In 2003, the album was ranked number 420 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time.
Pleasantville, New Jersey
Pleasantville is a city in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States.
English language
English is a language that started in Anglo-Saxon England. It is originally from Anglo-Frisian and Old Saxon dialects. English is now used as a global language. There are about 375 million native speakers (people who use it as their first language) in the world.
English is the only official language or one of the official languages of nearly 60 countries. It is also the main language of more countries in the world than any other. It is the primary language in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the Republic of Ireland. It is one of the official languages in Singapore, India, Hong Kong, and South Africa. It is widely spoken in parts of the Caribbean, Africa, and South Asia.
In 2005, it was estimated that there were over 2 billion speakers of English. English is the first foreign language for most learners who have another main language. It is an official language of the United Nations, European Union, and many other international organizations. It is the most widely-spoken Germanic language, with at least 70% of Germanic speakers speaking English. About 220 million others use it as their second language. It is, together with German, the most important language of science and technology. It is often used in work and travel and trade, and there are at least a billion people who are learning it. That makes English the largest language by number of speakers.
English has changed and developed over time, like all other languages. The most obvious changes are the many words taken from Latin and Old French, which then came to Old English and then Modern English, which is used today.
History
Germanic tribes (Saxons, Angles, and Jutes) came to Britain from around 449 AD. They made their home in the south and east of the island, pushing out the Celtic Britons who were there before them, or making them speak the English language instead of the old Celtic languages. Some people still speak Celtic languages today, in Wales (Welsh) and elsewhere. Gaelic is the Scottish Celtic language, still spoken by some in the Scottish Highlands and Islands. "Scots" is a dialect of English, taken from the English spoken in Northumbria. Irish Gaelic is spoken by very few people today.
The Germanic dialects of the different tribes became what is now called Old English. The word "English" comes from the name of the Angles: Englas. Old English did not sound or look much like the English spoken today. If English speakers today were to hear or read a passage in Old English, they would understand just a few words.
The closest language to English that is still used today is Frisian, spoken by about 500,000 people living in the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark. It is much like English, and many words are the same. The two languages were even closer before Old English changed to Middle English. Today, speakers of the two languages would not be able to understand each other. Dutch is spoken by over 20 million people, and is more distant from English. The number of speakers of German is even greater, and even more distant. All these languages belong to the same West Germanic family as English.
Many other people came to England later at different times, speaking different languages, and these languages added more words to make today's English. For example, around 800 AD, many Danish and Norse pirates, also called Vikings, came to the country, established Danelaw. So, English got many Norse loanwords. Their languages were Germanic languages, like Old English, but are a little different. They are called the North Germanic languages.
When William the Conqueror took over England in 1066 AD, he brought his nobles, who spoke Norman, a language closely related to French. English changed a lot because it was mostly being spoken instead of written for about 300 years. All official documents were written in Norman French. English borrowed many words from Norman at that time, and also began to drop the old word endings. English of this time is called Middle English. Geoffrey Chaucer is a well known writer of Middle English. After more sound changes, Middle English became Modern English.
English continued to take new words from other languages, for example mainly from French (around 30% to 40% of its words), but also Chinese, Hindi, Urdu, Japanese, Dutch, Spanish, Portuguese, etc. Because scientists from different countries needed to talk to one another, they chose names for scientific things in the languages they all knew: Greek and Latin. Those words came to English also, for example, photography ("photo-" means "light" and "-graph" means "picture" or "writing", in Greek. A photograph is a picture made using light), or telephone. So, English is made of Old English, Danish, Norse, and French, and has been changed by Latin, Greek, Chinese, Hindi, Japanese, Dutch and Spanish, along with some words from other languages.
English grammar has also changed, becoming simpler and less Germanic. The classic example is the loss of case in grammar. Grammatical case shows the role of a noun, adjective or pronoun in a sentence. In Latin (and other Indo-European languages), this is done by adding suffixes, but English usually does not. The style of English is that meaning is made clear more by context and syntax.
The history of the British Empire has added to the spread of English. English is an important language in many places today. In Australia, Canada, India, Pakistan, South Africa, and the United States, among others (like those in the Commonwealth of Nations), English is the main language. Because the United Kingdom (the country where England is) and the United States have historically been powerful in commerce and government, many people find it helpful to learn English to communicate in science, business, and diplomacy. This is called learning English as an additional language, English as a second language (ESL) or English as a foreign language (EFL).
English literature has many famous stories and plays. William Shakespeare was a famous English writer of poems and plays. His English is Early Modern English, and not quite like what people speak or write today. Early Modern English sounded different, partly because the language was beginning a "great vowel shift". Later, many short stories and novels also used English. The novel as we know it is first seen in 18th century English. Therefore, today, many famous songs and movies (cinema films) use the English language.
Grammar
English grammar started out based on Old English, which is considered to be a Germanic language. After the Norman French conquered England in 1066, parts of the Latin language were brought to the English language by the Norman French.
Nouns
There are different types of nouns in English, like proper nouns and common noun. To show if a noun is plural, which means there is more than one of the noun, usually "-s" is added at the end of a word.
Pronouns
Pronouns are words that take the place of a noun to avoid repetition. There are different types of pronouns in the English language. The most important ones are:
Verbs
Verbs in English show the action or the state of a sentence. Verbs can come in different shapes in a sentence based on the time or condition we are talking about. For example, the verb "eat" changes to "ate" in past.
Adjectives
Adjectives are words that describe a noun. In English they always come before a noun to give you more information about that noun. You can see this in the sentence "the red apples are juicy."
Spelling
Many English-speaking countries spell words differently. Some words that are spelled one way in the United Kingdom and many other countries in the British Commonwealth are spelled differently in the United States.
Alphabets
There are 26 letters in the English alphabet:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Kaisheim
Kaisheim is a municipality in the district of Donau-Ries in Bavaria in Germany. The mayor is currently Martin Scharr of the PWG party. It has had a historic abbey since 1133.
English language
Vocabulary
Nearly 60% of the vocabulary in the English language comes from Latin and its descendants, mainly French:
However, the most common words are more often those of Germanic origin. Also, expressions and typical short phrases are often of Germanic origin.
Ventnor City, New Jersey
Ventnor City is a city in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States.
Garfield, New Jersey
Garfield is a city in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States.
Bloomfield, Vermont
Bloomfield is a town in Essex County, Vermont, United States.
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Samuel Taylor Coleridge (21 October 1772 – 25 July 1834) was an English poet. Together with his friend William Wordsworth, Coleridge is often said to have started the Romantic movement in English literature. He was also a literary critic, philosopher and theologian.
Coleridge was born in Ottery St Mary, Devon. He was the son of a minister, and the youngest of ten children. He attended the University of Cambridge, Jesus College, though he never earned his degree. He met Wordsworth, another young poet, in 1795. They became close friends, and in 1798 they published their poems in a book called Lyrical Ballads, which many critics consider a key event in English Romanticism. Most of the poems in the book were written by Wordsworth, though it also contained Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, which many people call his masterpiece and one of the great poems in English. (In it, Coleridge used old-fashioned spellings, like "rime" for "rhyme," to give the poem an antique feeling.)
In 1796, Coleridge wrote his poem Kubla Khan — along with the Ancient Mariner, it is his best-known work. At about the same time, in the later 1790s, Coleridge became addicted to opium. At that time the drug was legal, and was widely used as a painkiller. Coleridge's addiction to opium marked the rest of his life. His health suffered, and he had trouble supporting his wife and children. He also had a hard time finishing the writing projects he started.
Coleridge had a reputation as a great talker, and people often invited him to their dinner parties to hear him speak. He was a successful lecturer at times in his later life. He gained a reputation as a thinker and philosopher as well as a poet. He died in Highgate, Middlesex.
Scholars and critics of English literature have regarded Coleridge as a major figure. In his 1927 book The Road to Xanadu, John Livingston Lowes used Coleridge's poetry, especially Kubla Khan, to study the working of the human imagination. Critics have argued about the role that opium addiction played in the poet's life and work. In his 1971 book Coleridge, the Damaged Archangel, Norman Furman showed that Coleridge was guilty of plagiarism in many of his later works. His opium addiction may have left Coleridge unable to tell when he was repeating the work of other writers that he had read.
Westford, Vermont
Westford is a town in Chittenden County, Vermont, United States.
Beverly, New Jersey
Beverly is a city in Burlington County, New Jersey, United States.
Healthcare in France
Healthcare in France is managed by the French government. The government pays for a universal healthcare system. In French it is called protection universelle maladie (Puma). In 2000 the World Health Organization found that France provided the "best overall health care" in the world.
The government runs the health insurance system, which is called the National Fund for Health Insurance. Peoples have to pay 5.25% of income from work, capital and winnings from gambling and at 3.95% on social security and pension s. People get 70% of most health care costs, and 100% for costly or long-term problems from it. Most people also have also private health insurance from not-for-profit groups called mutuelles. That pays for about 3.7% of hospital treatment and 21.9% of the cost of spectacles and prostheses, 18.6% of drugs and 35.9% of dental care.
People have a "Carte Vitale", a smart card with information about their health and their insurance.
There is a serious shortage of doctors, especially in rural areas. Nearly 7 million people do not have a GP. In 2021 there were 318 doctors for 100,000 people, in 2012 there were 325.
Gandhi (band)
Montalbert-Smith is a very important part of the band's performances because of his charisma and stage presence. These characteristics makes the shows very interesting and full of adrenaline for their fans.
The band began when Miranda and Montalbert-Smith met in high school in the mid 1990s. The complete group of four members started playing at universities and local bars. One of the things that made their shows so well liked was the many different types of art offered. The fans could not only listen to the music, but also see very good scenery design, body painting and their performance.
The band won the Costa Rican award "Album of the Year" in 2004 for the album Ciclos. The album “Páginas Pérdidas” got three local awards in 2000. They have played in Costa Rica but also in Central America, Mexico and the United States.
The band was chosen to be part of the Tribute to Soda Stereo (Tributo a Soda Stereo). They played a version of "En el sétimo día" ("In the Seventh Day"). They have opened concerts for many international artists.
Music videos
They have some videos of their songs:
Bordentown, New Jersey
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Eugie Foster
Eugie K. Foster (December 30, 1971 – September 27, 2014) was an American short story writer, columnist, and editor. She won the Nebula Award in 2009. Her works have been added into a number of magazines and book anthologies. These include Fantasy Magazine, Realms of Fantasy, Orson Scott Card's InterGalactic Medicine Show, and Interzone. Some of her short stories, Returning My Sister's Face and Other Far Eastern Tales of Whimsy and Malice, was published in 2009.
George E. Felton
George Eric Felton (3 February 1921 – 14 June 2019) was a British computer scientist. He is most noted for his work in the field of operating systems and programming software. He was behind the creation of the GEORGE Operating System. He held the world record for the computation of pi.
Hvidovre
Hvidovre is the main town in Hvidovre Municipality, Denmark. The town is a suburb of Copenhagen. It is about 10 km southwest of the middle of the city. It is the second biggest suburb of Copenhagen. The biggest is Frederiksberg.
George E. Felton
Felton was born in Paris to British parents. He married Ruth A. R. Holt in 1951, and the couple had four sons. He died in June 2019 at the age of 98.
James I, Count of La Marche
James I, Count of La Marche (1319 – 6 April 1362) was a French prince, the younger son of Louis I, Duke of Bourbon and the younger brother of Peter I, Duke of Bourbon. He was killed in 1362 at the Battle of Brignais, during the Hundred Years' War between the House of Plantagenet (which ruled over England and parts of France) and the House of Valois (which ruled over most of France). He was the father of John I, Count of La Marche, who married Catherine of Vendome and together had a son named Louis, Count of Vendome. James is also the male-line ancestor of Henry IV of France, the first French King from the House of Bourbon.
Garnishment
Wage garnishments can adversely affect credit reputation or one's ability to open bank accounts.