cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Om Shanti Om
Om Shanti Om (transl. Peace Be With You) is a 2007 Bollywood movie directed and choreographed by Farah Khan. It stars Shah Rukh Khan and Deepika Padukone in the lead roles as the protagonists while Shreyas Talpade, Arjun Rampal, and Kirron Kher feature in supporting roles. Arjun Rampal is the antagonist in the movie. This is the Bollywood debut of Deepika Padukone. This movie was released on November 9, 2007, and was a blockbuster. More than forty-two well-known Bollywood stars from yesteryear and today appear in the course of the movie, including thirty-one of them (not including the stars of the movie) in one song alone. The song "Deewangi Deewangi" is also notable for that reason.
1977
Om Prakash Makhija is a poor young boy who is a junior film artist in Bollywood and lives with his widowed mother Bela Makhija and close friend Pappu Master in a small chawl in Mumbai. He is in love with Shantipriya, a beautiful young woman who is a popular film actress in Bollywood. Om often expresses his feelings before Shanti's film poster and desires to meet her.
One night, he sneaks into the premiere of one of her films "Dreamy Girl" along with Pappu in disguise. Later that night, a drunk Om gives an emotional speech to Pappu as he dreams of becoming a great actor. Om and Pappu take small acting roles in films which are filmed at R.C. Studios, a major filming compound owned by Mukesh Mehra, a charming but egotistical person who is a wealthy and famous film producer.
Shanti forgives Om and they spend a happy evening with each other, and she gifts him a snow globe. However, things take a turn when Om accidentally ends up overhearing a heated conversation between Shanti and Mukesh. He is shocked to discover that they have been married for two years but have not revealed it in public as that will ruin both of their careers. Shanti reveals to Mukesh that she is also pregnant with his child, leaving Om heartbroken. He avoids Shanti entirely.
The next night, Mukesh takes Shanti to the set of her upcoming film titled Om Shanti Om and tells her that they will cancel its production and have a grand marriage ceremony over there. Om reaches there to meet Shanti for the last time and return her snow globe but is dejected upon seeing her with Mukesh. He leaves from there and throws the snow globe in a fountain pond nearby.
Meanwhile, Mukesh tells Shanti that his marriage with Shanti and the unborn child will destroy his successful career. In order to prevent that, he lights up the set with fire and locks a horrified Shanti in it, in order to kill her and the unborn child. As he exits the set, Om spots Shanti in the flames and attempts to go and rescue her but is attacked by Mukesh's guards, leaving him severely injured. After they leave, he manages to enter the set but is thrown out of the building by a big explosion. Om staggers on the road as the set burns down with Shanti in it.
Om is left devastated upon witnessing this and suddenly gets hit by the car of renowned actor Rajesh Kapoor. He takes him to a hospital with his pregnant wife Lovely Kapoor who is under labor. The serious injuries of Om result in his death while still reminiscing about Shanti. Rajesh's assistant Nasser asks his surgeon to keep this a secret from Bela and Pappu. Moments later, Rajesh and Lovely are blessed with a baby boy, and they name him Om Kapoor.
2007
He and his assistant Anwar Sheikh subsequently drive to the abandoned R.C. Studios for the filming of one of Om's films. Om recognizes the place and experiences some flashbacks of his previous life. He even finds Shanti's broken snow globe and is confused. That night, Om remembers the emotional speech he had given to Pappu in a drunken state when he wins the Filmfare Award for Best Actor. As he gives the same speech to the audience, Pappu watches his award function on TV and realizes that his friend is reborn as Om Kapoor. Meanwhile, a grand party is thrown for Om's success. Om remembers his whole previous life upon being visited by Mukesh, who now works in Hollywood and wishes to make a film with him.
Later that night, he traces Bela and Pappu to the crawl and has an emotional reunion with them. The three plan to avenge Shanti's death by making Mukesh confess his crime.
The next day, Om manages to convince Mukesh to resume the filming of Om Shanti Om at the same ruined R.C. Studios. He auditions several actresses to find Shanti's look-alike but in vain. However, Om ends up coming across Sandhya aka Sandy, a ditzy but lovely girl who is an exact doppelganger of Shanti. He hires her without revealing his plan and ends up firing her as she is unable to act properly. On Pappu's advice, Om reveals his plan to Sandy who promises him that she will help him according to his plan.
At the inaugural ceremony of the Om Shanti Om set, Bela scares Mukesh in the disguise of an old witch, and Om and Pappu try to light Shanti's photograph on fire to remind him of his crime. Although the setup doesn't work, the photograph is supernaturally lit by fire which disturbs Mukesh and confuses Om and Pappu. Mukesh is more horrified when Sandy appears in front of him dressed as Shanti in a make-up room. Eventually, he decides to leave for America after seeing Shanti in the footage of Om Shanti Om but Om asks him to wait for some days. He eventually performs the story of Shanti's life through a song in front of Mukesh during the music launch of Om Shanti Om. However, Mukesh discovers Sandy's real identity as her body bleeds due to an injury. Mukesh attempts to chase her but is knocked unconscious by a falling chandelier.
After he regains consciousness, Om confronts him over his crime but Mukesh taunts him that he or his "duplicate Shanti" cannot convict him for the murder as there is no proof for it. Just then, Sandy reaches the scene. She reveals that after the fire in the set died down, Mukesh returned to the place. Shanti was still alive then, but he buried her alive under the chandelier. She concludes that Shanti's corpse will be found under the chandelier, which will be proof of her murder for the court. Mukesh denies her revelation and attempts to shoot her but Om attacks him and a fire breaks out on the set. He shoots him in his leg and is about to murder him but Sandy stops him, saying that Mukesh is destined to die but not in his hands. She looks at the chandelier which falls and strikes Mukesh dead.
The next moment, Om is shocked when Pappu and Anwar reach the scene along with "Sandy". As he glances back at the one in front of him, he realizes that the one who had revealed the proof of Shanti's murder and killed Mukesh was the real Shanti, a.k.a. the ghost of Shanti. She was responsible for lighting the photograph with fire and knocking Mukesh unconscious too, helping him in his plan. Om reunites with Sandy and waves at Shanti who tearfully smiles at him and disappears, having finally attained peace.
The film ends with all its cast and crew approaching the set of Om Shanti Om and the credits roll.
Box office
The film grossed more than 1 billion in India and $287 million in overseas and become All-time blockbuster movie in 2007 for one year. As of 2017, this film is 36th in the list of highest-grossing films.
Taradeau
Taradeau is a commune of 1,784 people (2019). It is in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Var department in southeast France.
Order of Prince Henry
The Order of Prince Henry is a knighthood and honor for the citizens of Portugal or any citizen from another country. The order was named after Henry the Navigator. The order was created in 1960.
St Hilda's College, Oxford
St. Hilda's College, Oxford is part of the University of Oxford. It was founded as a women's college in 1893 and remained single sex until 2008.
St. Hilda
Saint Hilda (614-690) of Whitby, Yorkshire was an abbess. Bede writes about her in his history of the church.
Coriaria nepalensis
Coriaria nepalensis is a shrub growing in the foothills of Himalayas. It blooms in spring and has beautiful yellow flowers and red fruits in summer.
Common names
In India, this plant is known in English as masuri berry, tanner's tree, mansur shrub; in Hindi as masuri, makola, masurya; in Nepali, macchaino.
Description
It is a shrub, 1.5-2.5 metres tall. Flowers are in groups (inflorescences ) and they are male or female but in the same plant; their color is yellow. It blooms from February to May.
Fruits are red to dark purple when mature. They look like berries but they are small nuts (achenes) protected by enlarged and colored petals. Fruits are produced from May to August but they cannot be eaten because their seeds are poisonous.
The number of chromosomes is 40.
Where it grows
C. nepalensis grows in southern slopes of the Himalayas (Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan), usually between 800 and 2500 m.
This species was also found in southern China in mountain slopes at 200–3200 m high. It has been found in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.
Discrete
Discrete in science is the opposite of continuous: something that is separate; distinct; individual. Discrete may refer to:
Diane and Guilford Glazer Institute of Jewish Studies
The Institute of Jewish Studies in Nanjing, China has a connection with the Department of Religious Studies at Nanjing University.
It was created in January, 1992, after friendship between Israel and the People's Republic of China started over again. It gives classes in Jewish lessons where there are over 200 students each year, and has published a Chinese kind of the Encyclopaedia Judaica, and other books or other things released. It has now created both masters and Ph.D. programs in Jewish leasons, the only Chinese school that has ever done that. It had an worldwide seminar on The Holocaust and the killing of people due to their skin color or religion in World War II on August 7–12, 2005, in Nanjing.
It was renamed the Diane and Guilford Glazer Institute of Jewish Studies after a quarters for it from the Diane and Guilford Glazer Foundation was built in a new building at the school in 2006. It is planned that it will become part of a larger Nanjing University-Johns Hopkins University Institute for International Research.
The director of the school is professor Xu Xin.
Tourrettes, Var
Tourrettes is a commune of 2,877 people (2019). It is in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Var department in southeast France.
Leishmania
Leishmania is a protist organism which causes Leishmaniasis. It is a Trypanosomatid parasite in the Euglenozoa phylum.
Their primary hosts are vertebrates; Leishmania commonly infects hyraxes, canids, rodents, and humans. Leishmania currently affects 12 million people in 98 countries. The parasite was named in 1903 after the Scottish pathologist William Boog Leishman.
Diseases
The parasite causes three kinds of disease. Each type of disease is caused by different species of the parasite.
Structure
Leishmania have a lipophosphoglycan coat on the outside of the cell. This is a trigger for toll-like receptor 2, a signalling receptor which triggers an innate immune response in mammals. The parasite can withstand the counter-attack by the immune system. There are treatments, which consist in helping the immune system to respond.
Le Thoronet
Le Thoronet is a commune of 2,552 people (2019). It is in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Var department in southeast France.
It is known for the romanesque Le Thoronet Abbey which was built in the 12th and 13th century.
Yucca
Yucca is a family of shrubs and trees, related to the agaves. There are between 40 and 50 different kinds of Yucca. All come from the hot and dry places in North and Central America, as well as the Caribbean.
In many parts of the world, yuccas are grown as ornamental flowers.
List of people from San Diego, California
This is a list of famous people who were born, spent a majority of their life, or currently live in San Diego, California, USA.
Bernt Andersson
Bernt "Sump-Hugo" Andersson (5 September 1933 – 6 January 2020) was a Swedish footballer and football manager. He made 91 Allsvenskan appearance for Djurgårdens IF and scored 19 goals. He managed Halmstads BK, Vasalunds IF and Helsingborgs IF.
Royal Order of the Seraphim
The Royal Order of the Seraphim is an order from the country of Sweden. The order can be given to any Swedish citizen or any citizen from any country. It was created in 1748 by Frederick I of Sweden. Former President of South Africa Nelson Mandela was honored with the Royal Order.
Bernt Andersson
Andersson died on 6 January 2020 at the age of 86.
Pinnacle Point Man
Because the African climate became cool and dry, the food resources were reduced dramatically. This was the reason why the Pinnacle Point man moved to the shores. There, they could eat marine creatures like mussels, snails and crabs. These men also used amazingly subtle tools. Microliths were mounted on wood shafts
The Discovery
The startling discovery was made in 2007 by an international team, including the palaeoanthropologist Curtis Marean from the Institute of Human Origins of the Arizona State University and three graduate students of the School of Human Evolution and Social Change. They came to the conclusion that humans living in the cave started to eat new foods. They added shellfish and other marine resources to their diet. The cause for this evolution was the climate change. It is the first evidence that mankind was able to this. The report in the magazine Nature also reports that the evidence for using coloured pigments was also found. This is much earlier than the earliest known usage which had been from 70,000 years ago.
The findings give rise to the assumption that living near the coast has caused the changes.
Searching for beginnings
The evidence shows that Homo sapiens evolved in Africa 100,000 to 200,000 years ago. At that time, the world was in an ice age, and Africa was a desert. But as archaeologica sites dating to that time period are rare in Africa, palaeonthologist Curtis Marean looked at different information. He studied geologic formations, the sea currents, climate data and much more. As a result, he was able to pinpoint his research to destinations like the Pinnacle Point cave, where the findings have been made.
Nishan-e-Pakistan
The Nishan-e-Pakistan (Grand Cross of the Order of Pakistan) is the second highest grade of the highest ranking order given by the Government of Pakistan. The honour may be given to a citizen from a foreign country. Richard Nixon, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Queen Elizabeth II and Nelson Mandela were among the foreigners. The award was created on 19 March 1957.
Henry Darrow
Darrow died of natural causes on March 14, 2021 in Wilmington, North Carolina, at the age of 87.
Luis Oliveira
Luis Oliveira is a football player. He has played for Belgium national team.
Club career statistics
95||36 452||141 547||177
International career statistics
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Harry Allen (trans man)
Harry Allen (1882-27 December 1922 ) was a transgender man who was written about in newspaper headlines between 1900 and 1922. He was born Nell Pickerell, but was known as Harry Livingstone from 1900 until 1911, and as Harry Allen from 1911 until his death in 1922. He had several female lovers; one committed suicide, and another attempted suicide. The woman who had committed suicide was treated as two different suicide victims in the media, as she had used different names for herself in the past. Newspapers wrote about his crimes such as prostitution and drinking alcohol. He got a lot of media attention because he was seen as a woman pretending to be a man.
Articles
May 30 1900: bar fighting. September 12 1901: being a vagrant, fighting the officer arresting him and causing both of them to land in a puddle of mud. October 12 1901: Stealing $42. $42 dollars would be about $1,245.90 in modern money. December 25 1901: Suicide of his lover, Dolly Quappe. January 09 1902: Being a disorderly person. August 05 1902: Smashing a showcase. August 15 1902: Leading a fight with a police officer. November 4 1903: Suicide of his lover, Pearl Waldron. July 26 1905: Loitering in saloons. January 20 1906: Wearing trousers. February 19 1906: Returning to Seattle. February 21 1906: Refusing to give information on a robbery. March 26 1907: Wearing men's clothes. January 21 1908: Wearing men's clothes. February 08 1908: Wearing men's clothes, his mother referring to him as 'Harry'. February 23 1908: Flirting with women. March 18 1908: Wearing men's clothes. Interviewed in prison, says he "looks a fright" in women's clothing. March 10 1909: Ordered out of town three hours after arriving. September 19 1911: Selling liquor. September 27 1911: Dressing as a 'dandy' (a handsome man).
November 24 1911: Earlier charge of selling liquor is dropped because the man he sold liquor to, Alexander Paul, was too drunk to give evidence.
July 22 1915: Trying to rob a grocery store.
September 27, 1916: Stabbed by his father, Robert Pickerell. Robert said that Harry had struck him in the mouth while Robert was sleeping, and Robert then fought back in self-defence with a knife he kept under his pillow. Harry survived the encounter.
South Talpatti Island
South Talpatti Island is a small uninhabited island in the Bay of Bengal. Indian government call it New Moore Island, but local fishermen of Bangladesh call it Bhashani Dwip. This is a disputed island between Bangladesh and India. The island did not exist before 1970. It emerged after the Bhola cyclone hit the area in 1970.
Robert Fortune
Robert Fortune (16 September 1812 – 13 April 1880) was a Scottish plant expert, plant hunter and traveller best known for introducing tea plants from China to India.
Travels and introduction of plants to Europe
Fortune was born in Kelloe, Berwickshire. He was employed in the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, and later in the garden of Horticultural Society of London at Chiswick. In 1842 was sent out by the Society to collect plants in China.
He brought back to Europe many new, exotic and beautiful flowers. His most famous achievement was the successful introduction of tea from China to India in 1848 on behalf of the British East India Company.
Like some European travellers of that period, such as Walter Medhurst, Fortune disguised himself as a Chinese merchant during several of his journeys into parts of China that were prohibited to him. Not only was Fortune's purchase of tea plants forbidden by the Chinese government of the time, but he was not permitted to travel more than one day from certain ports where Europeans were allowed to trade. Fortune travelled to some areas of China that had seldom been visited by Europeans, including remote areas of Fujian, Guangdong, and Jiangsu provinces.
Fortune employed many different means to transport tea plants, seedlings, and other botanical discoveries, but he is most well known for his use of cases like small greenhouses called Wardian cases (as used by Nathaniel Bagshaw Ward) to keep the plants alive. With these cases Fortune introduced 20,000 tea plants and seedlings to the Darjeeling region of India. He also brought with him a group of trained Chinese tea workers to assist in the production of tea leaves. Except for a few plants which survived in Indian gardens, most of the Chinese tea plants Fortune introduced to India died. The special growing methods and knowledge that was brought over from China, however, may have been very helpful in the later success of the Indian tea industry.
Apart from his many contributions to plant history, Fortune was the first European to discover that black tea and green tea were actually from the same plant.
The stories of his travels were told in a number of different books. He died in London in 1880, and is buried in Brompton Cemetery.
United Methodist Church
The United Methodist Church (UMC) is a Methodist–Christian denomination that is one of the largest Protestant churches in the United States. It was founded in 1968 by the union of the Methodist Church (USA) and the Evangelical United Brethren Church. The UMC traces its roots back to the teachings of John and Charles Wesley in England. With over 8 million members and 35,000 churches it is second only to the Southern Baptist Convention among Protestant denominations. As of 2009, worldwide membership was about 12 million. It is a member of the World Council of Churches, the World Methodist Council, and other religious associations.
Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) is a medical college in Dublin, Ireland. The college began in 1784. The Royal College of Surgeons is now Ireland’s largest medical school, with over 3000 students from 60 countries.
Notable honorary fellows can be given as an honor in the Royal College. Among the recipients are Nelson Mandela, Jimmy Carter, and Mother Teresa.
Fury
Fury may refer to:
Laugna
Laugna (Longna) is a municipality in the district of Dillingen in Bavaria in Germany. The town is a member of the municipal association Wertingen.
Rise of the Tomb Raider
Rise of the Tomb Raider is an action-adventure video game. It was developed by Crystal Dynamics. It was published by Square Enix and Microsoft Studios. The game is the sequel to the 2013 video game Tomb Raider. It was released in November 2015 for Xbox 360 and Xbox One.
The game is set in Siberia and it follows Lara Croft and Jonah Maiava as they find an ancient city that was built by the Grand Prince of Vladimir during the 13th century.
Make It or Break It
Make It Or Break It is an ABC Family drama. It is set in Boulder, Colorado. It is about the sport of gymnastics, where elite gymnasts try to make it to the 2012 Summer Olympics while trying to follow the rules.
Bivona
Bivona (Vivona o Bbivona in Sicilian) is a little town of the Province of Agrigento in Sicily. It has a population of 4,026 people.
Iberia Parish, Louisiana
Iberia Parish (Paroisse de l'Ibérie, Parroquia de Iberia) is a parish in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2010 census, the population was 73,240. The parish seat is New Iberia.
50000 Quaoar
50000 Quaoar (symbol: ) is a Trans-Neptunian object and is also a dwarf planet. It was discovered on June 4, 2002 by Chad Trujillo and Michael Brown at the California Institute of Technology.
Quaoar has one known moon, named Weywot. It also has a ring. Unexpectedly, the ring is at twice the distance of the Roche limit, which was thought to be the maximum distance of a ring: beyond the Roche limit, the particles in a ring should clump together and form a moon; yet this has not happened to Quaoar's ring. It is thought that the particles do not clump together because of tides created by Weywot. There may also be small shepherd moons on either side of the ring, as there are at Saturn's F Ring.
Sabine Schmitz
She also appeared on BBC's Top Gear, making many appearances alongside several of the programme's presenters.
In 2017, Schmitz was diagnosed with cancer. She died from the disease on 16 March 2021 at a hospital in Trier, Germany at the age of 51.
Badrinath Ki Dulhania
Badrinath Ki Dulhania is a 2017 Indian Hindi-language romantic comedy movie.
Cast
It stars Varun Dhawan and Alia Bhatt in the lead roles with Aakanksha Singh, Rituraj Singh, Yash Sinha, Shweta Basu Prasad, Gaurav Pandey, Aparshakti Khurana, Sahil Vaid and Swanand Kirkire in supporting roles.
Badrinath Ki Dulhania was the third time Dhawan and Bhatt acted together after their previous movies Student of the Year (2012) and Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhania (2014).
Release
The film was theatrically released in India on 10 March 2017, coinciding with the Holi weekend.
Reputation
The movie received positive reviews and was commercially successful at the box office, and earned over ₹1.90 billion globally at the box office.
Antón García Abril
Antón García Abril OAXS (19 May 1933 – 17 March 2021) was a Spanish composer and musician. He composed the music for Amando de Ossorio's Blind Dead movie series, being Tombs of the Blind Dead (1972), Return of the Blind Dead (1973), The Ghost Galleon (1974) and Night of the Seagulls (1975).
Electoral district of Mansfield
Mansfield is an electoral district of Queensland. It was created in 1972.
Mansfield is in Brisbane.
Peter Renaday
Pierre Laurent Renoudet (born June 9, 1935), better known as Peter Renaday, is an American actor and voice actor. He was born in New Iberia, Louisiana.
Renaday was known for his roles in The Batman Superman Movie: World's Finest, The Lion King II: Simba's Pride, Antz (1998), The Odd Couple II (1998), Mulan (1998), The Prince of Egypt (1998), Ringmaster (1998), Scooby-Doo! and the Witch's Ghost (1999), The Road to El Dorado (2000), Shrek (2001), Madagascar (2005) and The Princess and the Frog (2009).
Silvereye
The silvereye or wax-eye (Zosterops lateralis) is a very small omnivorous passerine bird of the south-west Pacific. In Australia and New Zealand its common name is sometimes white-eye, but this name is more commonly used to talk about all members of the genus Zosterops, or the entire family Zosteropidae.
Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close (movie)
Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close is an American drama movie released at Christmas 2011. It is based on the novel of the same name. It stars Tom Hanks, Sandra Bullock, Viola Davis, John Goodman, Jeffrey Wright and Max von Sydow with Zoe Caldwell. It is an autistic child whose father is killed in the September 11 attacks. The movie's reviews were negative. It was nominated for Academy Awards for Best Picture and Best Supporting Actor for von Sydow.
Silvereye
In New Zealand, the silvereye was first recorded in 1832. It many more were seen in 1856, and it is assumed that a migrating flock was thrown eastwards by a storm. As a self-introduced bird it is protected as a native New Zealand species. Its Māori name, tauhou, means "stranger" or more literally, "new arrival".
Son in Law
The movie gained negative reviews from critics and holds a 12% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Michael Wilmington of the Los Angeles Times said that the movie was trying to be a comedy version of Guess Who's Coming to Dinner even thorugh the main character is genuinely a jerk.
Bignose shark
The bignose shark (Carcharhinus altimus), also known as the Knopp's shark, is a species of shark in the genus Carcharhinus, family Carcharhinidae. This species reaches a maximum length of 9.8 feet (3 metres), and can weigh as much as 370 pounds (168 kg). It is found in tropical and subtropical regions, along the edges of continental shelves and insular slopes, at depths of up to 1,410 feet (430 metres).
Description
The Bignose shark is large and slim with a long, wide and bluntly-pointed snout from which it gets its name. It has well developed flaps on the nose, which are clearly visible. The interdorsal ridge (ridge between the two dorsal fins) is high and very visible. The pectoral fins are long and straight. The first dorsal fin has a bluntly-pointed tip, and is located above or behind the pectoral fins. The anal fin is slightly behind the second dorsal fin.
Bignose sharks are similar in looks to the Night sharks, however the Night sharks have a second dorsal fin which has a free rear tip that is at least twice as long as the height, while the Bignose shark's second dorsal fin has a short free rear tip.
The Bignose shark has a grey coloured body with no visible markings other than being white below and having pectoral fins which have black tips. The tips of all the fins, other than the pelvic fins, are dusky in colour. There may be a green shade along the gills of freshly collected specimens.
Bignose sharks may reach lengths to 9.8 feet (3 metres), and weigh as much as 370 pounds (168 kg). At birth, Bignose shark pups are between 2 and 3 feet (60 to 90 cm) in length. Males reach maturity at 7.1 feet (2.2 metres) in length, and females at 7.4-9.3 feet (2.3-2.8 metres).
Habitat
Bignose sharks have been recorded in tropical and subtropical regions. In the western Atlantic Ocean, it is found from Florida (U.S.A), south to Venezuela, while in the eastern Atlantic it has been reported from Senegal to Ghana including the Mediterranean Sea. Reports show that they have been found in the western Indian Ocean including the Red Sea, Mozambique, South Africa, Madagascar, and India. In the Pacific Ocean, it is found off China in the west, Hawaii in the central, and Gulf of California, Mexico, Colombia, and Ecuador in the east.
This large offshore species is found near the edges of continental shelves and insular slopes at depths from near the surface to 1,410 feet (430 metres). The adults often swim at depths greater than 295 feet (90 metres) while the young swim in shallower waters.
Reproduction
The Bignose sharks are viviparous, meaning that they give live birth instead of laying eggs. One litter of Bignose sharks can contain 3-11 pups which are 60-90 cm long. Male bignose sharks reach maturity at around 2 metres in length, while females reach maturity between 2.3-2.8 metres. Females give birth at different times of the year depending on where they are found. In the Mediterranean Sea, Bignose sharks are known to give birth from August to September, while off the coast of Madagascar, birth occurs during September and October.
Feeding
The Bignose shark feeds mainly on bottom-dwelling bony fish (including lizardfish, croakers, flatfish, mackerels, soles, and batfish), cartilaginous fish (including Squalus dogfish, Holohalaelurus catsharks, Dasyatis stingrays, and chimaeras), and cephalopods.
Other names
In English, the Bignose shark is also known as the "Knopp's shark". Other names of the Bignose shark in other languages are "Baboso" (Spanish), "Grootneushaai" (Afrikaan), "Grootsnuithaai" (Dutch), "Karcharinos megalorynchos" (Greek), "Marracho baboso" (Portuguese), "Requin babosse" (French), "Squalo naso grande" (Italian), "Tiburón baboso" (Spanish), "Tiburón narizón" (Spanish), and "Tubarão-baboso" (Portuguese).
Human interaction
The Bignose shark is caught by offshore trawlers, and rarely by hook and line. It is harvested in the Caribbean region with deep longlines and is used as fish meal for animal feed, and for oil. In U.S waters, this species is currently banned from capture in the commercial shark fishery.
Although this shark is large, it poses little threat to humans due to its deepwater habitat.
Gonzales v. Oregon
Gonzales v. Oregon was a landmark case decided by the United States Supreme Court in 2006. In 2001, Attorney General John Ashcroft tried to stop Oregon's Death with Dignity Act. This law allowed terminally ill people to get a prescription for a medication that they could take to kill themselves. (This is called "physician-assisted suicide.")
Ashcroft tried to stop doctors from prescribing medicines for physician-assisted suicide. He threatened to use a federal anti-drug law to punish them.
Sid Vicious
Sid Vicious (10 May 1957 – 2 February 1979) was an English punk musician. His real name was John Simon Ritchie and he was born in Lewisham, London. He was a member of the band The Sex Pistols from February 1977 to January 1978, but played his instrument (the bass guitar) very badly. His bad behaviour was more important to the band than playing his instrument well.
Bignose shark
Conservation
The longline fishery for Bignose sharks is managed and regulated by the National Marine Fisheries Service off the coast of the U.S. Bignose sharks are banned from harvest in U.S. waters. If this species is caught, it must be released immediately into the water in a manner that maximizes the shark's survival.
Dionibel Rodríguez Rodríguez
Dionibel Rodríguez Rodríguez (born April 4, 1991) is an athlete from Spain. He has an intellectual disability: he is a T20 type athlete. He gets help to play track and field from the Carmen Pardo Valcarce Foundation. He competed at the INAS World Games, INAS World Athletics Championships and the INAS World Indoor Athletics Championships.
Personal
Rodríguez was born on April 4, 1991. He is from Madrid. Other sports he has played include football and basketball. He has received training in being an electrician.
Sid Vicious
On 22 October 1978, his American girlfriend Nancy Spungen (1958–1978) was stabbed to death with a knife in New York City. It is not clear if Vicious killed her. He was charged with murder, and released on bail. Before he was due to go to court, he died of an accidental overdose of heroin in New York City.
Gonzales v. Oregon
The Oregon Death with Dignity Act
In 1994, the people of Oregon voted to pass the Death with Dignity Act. Under this law, if a terminally ill adult wants to, they can get a lethal prescription from a doctor. They can only do this if they are a competent adult (they are able to make decisions on their own). They must also meet many other requirements.
Dionibel Rodríguez Rodríguez
Athletics
Rodríguez is a T20 athlete from Spain and competes for the Madrid sports federation in competitions against people from other parts of Spain. He is a member of AD Maratón de Madrid. He also belongs to the Madrid Federation of Intellectual Disability Sports, and Club Sports Medicine Infant Jesus of Carmen Pardo-Valcarce Foundation. Since 2004, when he was 13 years old, he has been helped by the Carmen Pardo Valcarce Foundation. This help makes it so he can compete in athletics. It means he can use the same tools to practice as Rafael Nadal, a Spanish tennis player.
Sid Vicious
A movie was made about the lives of Vicious and Spungen. The name of this movie is "Sid and Nancy." Gary Oldman plays Vicious.
Gonzales v. Oregon
The Oregon Death with Dignity Act
By the end of 2001, when Ashcroft got involved, 150 people had gotten prescriptions under the Death with Dignity Act. Ninety-nine of these people used their prescriptions to end their lives. The other 51 (about one out of every three people) chose never to use their prescriptions.
Dionibel Rodríguez Rodríguez
Athletics
In 2006, when he a 15 year old, Rodríguez was one of the most successful athletes at the Madrid Regional Outdoor Athletics Championship. He competed in the 2007 World Games in Shanghai, China. He competed at the 2008 INAS World Indoor Athletics Championships in Tallinn, Estonia, and he finished second in the 200 meters and third in 4x400 meter relay.
Gonzales v. Oregon
Background of the case
In 2001, Attorney General Ashcroft tried to stop Oregon's doctors from prescribing medicines for physician-assisted suicide by using the Controlled Substances Act.
Dionibel Rodríguez Rodríguez
Athletics
Rodríguez competed in 2010 INAS European Athletics Championship, and won two gold medals: one in the 200 meters and one in the 400 meters. He competed in the 2011 INAS World Games, and won two silver medals in the 400 meters and the 4x100 meter relay. In 2012, he competed at the INAS World Indoor Athletics Championship, and finished first in the 200 meters, third in the 4 × 400 m relay event and finished fourth in the long jump. He competed in the 2013 INAS World Athletics Championships in the Czech Republic. He finished first in the 200 meters and first in the 400 meters.
Gonzales v. Oregon
The Controlled Substances Act
The Controlled Substances Act is a federal law sets the United States' rules about legal and illegal drugs. It includes rules about what medicines doctors can and cannot prescribe. It also includes a list of medicines, called "controlled substances," which doctors cannot prescribe without a special license from the United States Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA).
DEA rules limit when doctors with this license can prescribe controlled substances: "[A] prescription for a controlled substance ... must be issued for a legitimate medical purpose by an individual [doctor] acting in the usual course of his professional practice. This means that doctors can only prescribe controlled substances if their patients need them for real medical problems. Basically, the doctor has to be acting like a doctor, not a drug dealer.
The goal of this rule was to stop doctors who prescribed drugs to people who abused them. If doctors did this, they would be violating the Controlled Substances Act. The punishment for doctors who do this is to lose their DEA license to prescribe controlled substances.
The Ashcroft Directive
In 1994, when Oregon first passed the Death with Dignity Act, Janet Reno was the Attorney General. She decided the Death with Dignity Act did not violate the Controlled Substances Act.
However, in November 2001, Attorney General Ashcroft put out a new rule (which became known as "The Ashcroft Directive" ). He reversed Reno's position. He said the Death with Dignity Act did violate the Controlled Substances Act.
Ashcroft had decided physician-assisted suicide was not a "legitimate medical purpose" for any medication. Because of this, he said, any doctor in Oregon who wrote another prescription for physician-assisted suicide would be breaking the Controlled Substances Act. As punishment, the DEA could take away these doctors' licenses to prescribe controlled substances. This would make it impossible for those doctors to prescribe medicines for physician-assisted suicide. The DEA could also fine the doctors or even charge them with crimes.
Appeals
The day after Ashcroft issued his Directive, the state of Oregon went to federal court to fight it. Doctors, other health care providers, and people with terminal illnesses joined Oregon's lawsuit against Ashcroft. On April 17, 2002, U.S. District Judge Robert Jones ordered an injunction – a judge's order saying that Ashcroft's rule could not be enforced. However, the court did not have the jurisdiction to hear the whole lawsuit. It moved the case to a higher (more powerful) court: the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
The Ninth Circuit agreed with Judge Jones's injunction. They ruled that Congress obviously did not mean for the Controlled Substances Act to be used to control physician-assisted suicide. They meant for it to control illegal drug dealing. They also ruled that Ashcroft did not have the power to control a state's medical practices. That was the state's own business to control, the Court said.
Ashcroft asked the Supreme Court to hear the case. By the time they did, there was a new Attorney General: Alberto Gonzales. However, Gonzales supported the Ashcroft Directive, and continued Ashcroft's fight against the Death with Dignity Act.
Supreme Court decision
On January 17, 2006, the Supreme Court decided in favor of Oregon.
The Supreme Court did not rule on whether physician-assisted suicide, or the Oregon Death with Dignity Act, were legal. Instead, they made their decision based on the ideas of federalism – the separation between the powers of the United States government and the individual states.
Like the Ninth Circuit, the Supreme Court ruled that the Controlled Substances Act was meant to fight drug use and drug dealing. Congress never meant for the law to deal with physician-assisted suicide.
The Court said that Congress also never meant for the Controlled Substance Act to control medical practices. The states had always had the right to control their own medical practices. Ashcroft decided that he could create a meaning of "legitimate medical practice" that every state would have to follow. The Court ruled that the Attorney General did not have this power to take away the states' rights to decide this for themselves. Also, since he was not a medical expert, he should not be deciding what "legitimate medical practice" was.
Finally, the Court ruled that under the Controlled Substances Act, the Attorney General had a very small role. He did not have the power to cancel a state law. He also did not have the right to punish doctors like criminals for acting in ways that were legal in Oregon. The Attorney General did not have the power to take these rights from Oregon.
Importance
Their ruling in Gonzales showed the states that the Supreme Court would not stop them from making physician-assisted suicide legal. As of 2016, four more states have made physician-assisted suicide legal: Washington, Montana, Vermont, and California. Now physician-assisted suicide is legal in five states – 10% of the states in the country. If the Supreme Court had made a different ruling in Gonzales, this never would have been possible.
Katonah, New York
Katonah is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Bedford in Westchester County, New York.
NGC 7090
NGC 7090 is a spiral galaxy in the Indus constellation. It is about 30 million light-years away from Earth.
Monarchy of Ireland
Ireland is mostly the Republic of Ireland (which does not have a monarchy) and partly Northern Ireland (whose monarch is Charles III). Northern Ireland is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, a constitutional monarchy. Until the 20th century, all Ireland had a constitutional monarchy and was a part of the United Kingdom since 1801. Monarchies were in existence through most of the history of Ireland.
In the High Middle Ages, the Gaelic kingdoms of Ireland ended when the Normans invaded Ireland. Ireland became a fief of the Papal States (the government of the Pope). The King of England's government started to control many of the lands of Ireland. This continued until the English Reformation, when the Kingdom of England got full ownership of Ireland. The Kingdom of Ireland came into existence in the reign of Henry VIII. Henry VIII was the first to be both King of England and King of Ireland.
The Kingdom of Ireland started in 1542. Before 1603, Ireland shared a monarch with the Kingdom of England (but not with the Kingdom of Scotland) in a personal union. When Henry VIII's daughter Elizabeth I died in 1603, James VI and I became the first to be King of Ireland, King of England, and King of Scotland in a three-kingdom personal union. Between 1603 and 1707, the Kingdom of Ireland shared the monarchs of the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England. Anne was the Queen of Ireland when the United Kingdom of Great Britain came into existence in 1707. Anne was Queen of Ireland and Queen of Great Britain. Between 1707 and 1801, the Kingdom of Ireland shared the British monarchy with the United Kingdom of Great Britain. (During the government of Oliver Cromwell, the British Isles became a republic: the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland.) George III was King of Ireland when the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland came into existence at the start of 1801. George III was the first to be king of the new kingdom, which combined the whole British Isles (except the Isle of Man) into one kingdom for the first time.
In December 1922, most of Ireland left the United Kingdom to become part of the Irish Free State, a dominion within the British Empire; the rest, Northern Ireland, remained within the United Kingdom. In 1937, after George V died, the Free State changed its laws to give the British monarchs much less power. In April 1949, the Republic of Ireland stopped having a monarchy entirely, and left the Commonwealth of Nations. Since then, the only part of Ireland to have a monarchy is Northern Ireland (because it is part of the United Kingdom). Elizabeth II was the former queen, but passed in 2022. Charles, Prince of Wales was named the King of England in September 2022.
Lauingen
Lauingen (Lauinga) is a town in the district of Dillingen in Bavaria, Germany. It is on the left bank of the Danube, 5 km west of Dillingen, and 37 km northeast of Ulm.
International relations
Lauingen is twinned with:
Piatt County, Illinois
Piatt County is a county in Illinois. In the 2020 census, 16,673 people lived there. The county seat is Monticello.
Ten Commandments
The Ten Commandments are a set of rules or laws. The Bible says that God gave them to the people of Israel. The commandments exist in different versions. One version can be found in the Book of Exodus of the Bible. Another version can be found in the Book of Deuteronomy. In the Book of Exodus, the mountain where they were given is called Mount Sinai, the Book of Deuteronomy talks about Mount Horeb (the same Mt. Horeb where God called Moses from the burning bush, Exodus 3:1-3). Both are probably different names for the same mountain. The laws were written on stone tablets. These laws are important for Judaism and Christianity. Countries which follow those religions often have some of the commandments as part of their Civil laws.
Ten Commandments in the Old Testament Torah
The Ten Commandments in Deuteronomy Chapter 5: verses 1-22 NKJV
5 And Moses called all Israel, and said to them: “Hear, O Israel, the statutes and judgments which I speak in your hearing today, that you may learn them and be careful to observe them. 2 The Lord our God made a covenant with us in Horeb. 3 The Lord did not make this covenant with our fathers, but with us, those who are here today, all of us who are alive. 4 The Lord talked with you face to face on the mountain from the midst of the fire. 5 I stood between the Lord and you at that time, to declare to you the word of the Lord; for you were afraid because of the fire, and you did not go up the mountain. He said:
6 ‘I am the Lord your God who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.
7 ‘You shall have no other gods before Me.
8 ‘You shall not make for yourself a carved image—any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth; 9 you shall not bow down to them nor serve them. For I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children to the third and fourth generations of those who hate Me, 10 but showing mercy to thousands, to those who love Me and keep My commandments.
11 ‘You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain, for the Lord will not hold him guiltless who takes His name in vain.
16 ‘Honor your father and your mother, as the Lord your God has commanded you, that your days may be long, and that it may be well with you in the land which the Lord your God is giving you.
17 ‘You shall not murder.