cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Carl Reiner
Carl Reiner (March 20, 1922 – June 29, 2020) was an American stand-up comedian, actor, director, producer, writer, voice artist, and comedian. He won nine Emmy Awards and one Grammy Award during his career. Reiner's most significant voice role is Sarmoti from Father of the Pride.
Solange Knowles
Knowles started her own record label, Saint Records in 2013.
Carl Reiner
Early life
Reiner was born in the Bronx, New York on March 20, 1922, the son of Irving, who was a watchmaker, and Bessie (née Mathias) Reiner. His parents were Jewish immigrants, his father from Romania and his mother from Austria.
Solange Knowles
Personal life
Knowles' father is Bill GATES. Her mother is Louisiana Creole.
Carl Reiner
Personal life
Reiner self-identified as a Jewish atheist.
Solange Knowles
Personal life
She started her musical career at age 14.
Carl Reiner
Marriage and family
He was married to Estelle Reiner (née Lebost, 1914-2008). They had three children together: actor-director Rob Reiner (born 1947), writer Annie Reiner (born 1957) and actor-director Lucas Reiner (born 1960).
Solange Knowles
Personal life
At age 17, Knowles married a man called Daniel Smith. She gave birth to their son Daniel Julez J. Smith Jr. at 18. She then later divorcing Smith three years later. She now lives with her son and family in Louisiana. Her hometown is Houston, Texas.
Carl Reiner
Death
Reiner died on June 29, 2020 of natural causes at his home in Beverly Hills, California at the age of 98.
Solange Knowles
Personal life
Knowles has been diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Penny (United States coin)
The United States one-cent coin, also called the penny, is a unit of currency. It equals one one hundredth of a United States dollar. The cent's symbol is ¢. Its front has shown the profile of President Abraham Lincoln since 1909, 100 years after his birth. Its back has shown the Union Shield since 2010.
The official name for this coin from the United States Mint is "cent".
Hüttwilen
Hüttwilen is a municipality of the district of Steckborn in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.
The lakes Nussbaumersee, Hüttwilersee and Hasensee are found in the municipality.
Camille Saviola
Saviola died on October 28, 2021 in Los Angeles, California at the age of 71.
Charles R. Schwab
Charles Robert Schwab Sr. (born July 29, 1937) is an American investor and financial executive. He is the founder and chairman of the Charles Schwab Corporation. He semi-retired from the company in 2008 when he stepped down as CEO, but he remains chairman and is the largest shareholder to this day.
In May 2021, his net worth was said to be $10.6 billion, making him the 210th richest person in the world.
Rosny-sous-Bois
Rosny-sous-Bois is a commune. It is found in the Seine-Saint-Denis department in France.
List of districts of Chhattisgarh
Chhattisgarh, a state of India, has 33 administrative districts. At the time of separation from Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh originally had 16 districts. Two new districts: Bijapur and Narayanpur were carved out on May 11, 2007 and nine new districts on Jan 1, 2012. The new districts have been created by carving out the existing districts to facilitate more targeted, focused and closer administration. These districts have been named Sukma, Kondagaon, Balod, Bemetara, Baloda Bazar, Gariaband, Mungeli, Surajpur and Balrampur. A new District Gaurela-Pendra-Marwahi came into existence on 10 February 2020 as the 28th district. Later 5 new districts of Khairagarh, Manendragarh, Mohla-Manpur, Sakti and Sarangarh were added in 2022.
Districts of Chhattisgarh
Chhattisgarh consists of 33 districts.
Surguja Division
Bilaspur Division
Durg Division
Raipur Division
Bastar Division
Jan Dismas Zelenka
Jan Dismas Zelenka (16 October 1679 – 23 December 1745) was a Bohemian baroque composer.
Pam Dawber
Pamela Dawber (born October 18, 1951) is an American actress. She is best known for her lead television sitcom roles as Mindy McConnell in Mork & Mindy (1978–1982) and Samantha Russell in My Sister Sam (1986–1988).
Jan Dismas Zelenka
Life
Zelenka was born in Louňovice pod Blaníkem, Bohemia. It is a small market town southeast of Prague. He was baptized as Jan Lukas Zelenka. His first music teacher was likely his father, Jiři. His father was an organist and organist in Louňovice. He received more musical training at the Jesuit college Clementinum in Prague. He learned to play the violone (a kind of contrabass in the Baroque period).
Education
In 1709, he studied with Johann Hubert Hartig in Prague. Zelenka had access to a lot of Italian baroque music through his teacher's library.
Akikan!
Akikan! (アキカン!) is a Japanese manga novel series. It is about a group of anthropomorphic drink cans who do battle. It was created by Riku Ranjō, with illustrations by Hiro Suzuhira. She is known for her artistry in Shuffle!. The first novel was released on May 24, 2007. As of April 24, 2009, eight volumes have been published by Shueisha under their Super Dash Bunko label. In 2008 a project started to create a harem anime version based on the book.
Shaki, Azerbaijan
Shaki (Şəki) is a city in northwestern Azerbaijan, surrounded by the district of the same name. It is located on the southern part of the Greater Caucasus mountain range, 240 km from Baku. As of 2020, it has a population of 68,400. The center of the city and the Palace of Shaki Khans were inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2019 because of its unique architecture and its history as an important trading center along the Silk Road.
West Frankfort, Illinois
West Frankfort is a city in Illinois in the United States.
Shaki, Azerbaijan
Geography
Shaki is surrounded by snowy peaks of the Greater Caucasus, which in some places reaches 3000–3600 m. The average annual temperature in Shaki is 12 °C.
Mumble rap
Mumble rap (often referred to as "SoundCloud rap" ) is a loosely defined microgenre of hip hop that became popular on the online audio distribution platform SoundCloud in the mid-2010s. The term implies a mumbling or unclear vocal delivery by artists. It may generally refer to rappers who do not share the genre's traditional emphasis on lyricism. A notable mumble rapper is Future.
Jan Dismas Zelenka
Move to Dresden
Zelenka moved to Dresden in 1710 or 1711. He became the violone player in the Dresden court orchestra. He received a salary of 300 thalers when he started working in Dresden. He must have been a very impressive musician. His salary was increased to 400 thalers in 1714. He wrote his Mass, the Missa Sanctae Caeciliae (St. Cecilia Mass) in 1711.
Shaki, Azerbaijan
Geography
The mountain forests around the area prevent the city from floods and overheating of the area during summer. During the Soviet rule of Azerbaijan, many ascended to Shaki to bathe in its prestigious mineral springs.
Jan Dismas Zelenka
Visit to Vienna
In 1716, Zelenka visited Vienna to study with Johann Joseph Fux. Fux was the Imperial Kapellmeister in Vienna. That means Fux was in charget of the music for the Holy Roman Emperor. It is unclear if he also visited Venice during this time.
Return to Dresden
Zelenka returned to Dresden in 1719. He visited Prague from 1722 - 23. He wrote some of his instrumental works while in Prague.
The Kapellmeister in Dresden at that time was Johann David Heinichen. Because Heinichen was often ill, Zelenka managed the sacred music in Dresden. When Heinichen died in 1729, Zelenka became an acting Kapellmeister. He finally became a Kapellmeister in 1734. In 1726, Zelenka started a list of works composed by the composers in Dresden. This list is called the Inventarium. It is an important document for Dresden baroque music.
In the 1730s, a group of Italian-trained singers arrived at Dresden. They were prepared to resurrect opera in Dresden. Zelenka's job was to train these singers. He wrote some arias for the singers to practice. After August II, Zelenka's employer died, Zelenka asked the new King August III for the title of Kapellmeister. This title was granted to Zelenka on 1734. Johann Sebastian Bach also received the title of "Royal Polish Composer" in 1736.
Music
Zelenka's musical style is very unique. He used unexpected harmonies and rhythms. His musical writing shows that he mastered counterpoint. Zelenka may have used elements from Bohemian folk music in his music. He was respected by Bach. Bach performed some of Zelenka's music in Leipzig, where Bach worked.
West Chicago, Illinois
West Chicago is a city in Illinois in the United States.
Dioscoreales
Dioscoreales is a botanical name for an order of flowering plants. Of necessity it contains the family Dioscoreaceae.
Arrondissement of Mende
The arrondissement of Mende is an arrondissement of France; it is part of the Lozère département in the Occitanie region. Its capital is the city of Mende.
History
When the Lozère department was created on 17 February 1800, the arrondissement of Mende was part of that original department.
Geography
It is the largest arrondissement of the department, with an area of 3479.4 km2. It has a population of 63,047 inhabitants and a density of inhabitants/km².
The arrondissement covers the northern part of the department and is bordered by the Cantal department to the northwest, the Haute-Loire department to the northeast), by the Ardeche department to the east, by the arrondissement of Florac to the south and by the Aveyron department to the west.
Cantons
In the arrondissement of Mende, there are 9 cantons whose communes are in the arrondissement. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and arrondissements:
Communes
The only important city is Mende with 11,542 people living there in 2014. Other towns are Marvejols (4,882) and Saint-Chély-d'Apcher (4,169).
Mónica Spear
Mónica Spear Mootz (October 1, 1984 - January 6, 2014), better known as Mónica Spear, was a Venezuelan actress. She was "Miss Venezuela" in 2004.
Wheaton, Illinois
Wheaton is a city in Illinois in the United States.
Île-de-Sein
Île-de-Sein (Enez-Sun) is an island and a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistère department in the northwest of France.
ECW (WWE)
ECW (which at one time stood for Extreme Championship Wrestling) was a professional wrestling brand of World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), based on the independent Extreme Championship Wrestling promotion that lasted from 1992 to 2001. It started on June 13, 2006 with a weekly television series. The ECW brand was one of WWE's three brands, the other two being RAW and SmackDown.
Original format
The ECW brand initially tried to differentiate itself from WWE's other brands. The hard cameras were placed in a different location and the ring mat had an ECW logo on it. The male performers were also referred to as "Extremists" as opposed to Superstars, and female performers were called "Vixens" instead of Divas. It also had the first ECW talent. Later however, changes were made to differentiate it from the original ECW promotion, including changing the original promotion's rules where weapons were legal in all matches and there were rarely any count outs or disqualifications. WWE classified such matches as having "Extreme Rules", and were only fought when specified. The only pay-per-view event hosted exclusively by the ECW brand since its launch was December to Dismember in December 2006. On March 14, 2007, before another one could be scheduled, WWE announced that all future pay-per-views would feature all three brands.
Cellular automaton
A cellular automaton is a model used in computer science and mathematics. The idea is to model a dynamic system by using a number of cells. Each cell has one of many possible states. With each "turn" or iteration the state of the current cell is determined by two things: its current state, and the states of the neighbouring cells.
ECW (WWE)
Original format
Former ECW owner Paul Heyman served as the on air "ECW Representative". According to an interview in the UK newspaper The Sun, Heyman wrote the brand's weekly scripts and gave them to writers for possible changes, and then Vince McMahon for final approval. After the December to Dismember 2006 Heyman was relieved from both his on and off air duties with World Wrestling Entertainment. After Heyman left, there was no ECW authority figure until August 14, 2007, when Armando Estrada was announced as the General Manager.
Cellular automaton
A very famous example of a cellular automaton is Conway's Game of Life. Stanislaw Ulam and John von Neumann first described cellular automata in the 1940s. Conway's Game of Life was first shown in the 1970s.
ECW (WWE)
ECW on Sci Fi
ECW's weekly series was first given a thirteen episode run as a "summer series" on the Sci Fi Channel. The first episode got a 2.79 rating, making it the highest rated show on cable in its time slot. Because of its good ratings it was given an extended run through the end of 2007. On October 23, 2007, the network renewed the series through 2008.
Cellular automaton
Biology
Some things in nature happen because of cellular automata.
ECW (WWE)
ECW on Sci Fi
While the show started out a ratings success, it began drawing criticism from fans of the original ECW early on. This was most evident by the negative crowd reaction "old school" fans gave the main event of Batista vs. the Big Show at the show of August 1, 2006 from Hammerstein Ballroom.
Cellular automaton
Biology
The patterns of certain seashells are made by natural cellular automata. Examples can be seen in the genera Conus and Cymbiola. The pigment cells are in a narrow band on the shell's lip. Each cell secretes pigments based on what pigment cells around it are doing. The cell band leaves the colored pattern on the shell as it slowly grows. For example, the species Conus textile has a pattern that looks similar to Wolfram's rule 30 cellular automaton.
ECW (WWE)
ECW on Sci Fi
On October 16, 2007 a "talent exchange" was started between the SmackDown! and ECW brands, allowing their respective talent to appear on either brand.
Cellular automaton
Biology
Plants control how much gas they have with a cellular automaton. Each stoma on the leaf acts as a cell.
Moving wave patterns on the skin of cephalopods can be simulated with a two-state, two-dimensional cellular automata, each state corresponding to either an expanded or retracted chromatophore.
ECW (WWE)
ECW on Sci Fi
In February 2010, McMahon announced that ECW would be replaced by NXT.
Fungi imperfecti
The fungi imperfecti or imperfect fungi, also known as Deuteromycota, is a type of fungi. It is not a taxonomic category: they are linked only by their asexuality. The taxonomy of fungi is either based on morphological characteristics (what they look like), or that of biological species. Fungi imperfecti do not fit well into these schemes.
Leave Her to Heaven
Leave Her to Heaven is a 1945 American crime thriller movie directed by John M. Stahl and was based on the 1944 novel of the same name by Ben Ames Williams. It stars Gene Tierney, Cornel Wilde, Jeanne Crain, Vincent Price, Mary Philips, Gene Lockhart, Darryl Hickman, Reed Hadley and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. It was nominated for 4 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 1946.
Fungi imperfecti
Deueromycota literally means "second fungi", and was once a phylum within the fungi. The fungi in deuteromycota reproduce asexually, or vegetatively: sexual reproduction has never been observed in these species. The term is now used only informally for species of fungi that are asexually reproducing members of the fungal phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.
Cellular automaton
Biology
Fibroblasts are similar to cellular automata. This is because each fibroblast only interacts with others next to it.
ECW (WWE)
Online presence
At ECW's launch, WWE.com introduced Hardcore Hangover, a video feature which allowed fans only in the United States to stream or download video footage from the weekly show. On October 16, 2007 it was replaced by a new feature which made full episodes of the show available for streaming on WWE.com the day after they were shown. After making a list of names from fans and conducting an online poll, the feature was named ECW X-Stream on October 31, 2007.
Production
ECW brand shows were held in big arenas as a part of the SmackDown! brand's Tuesday taping schedule. This is in sharp contrast to the first Extreme Championship Wrestling which ran most of its events in smaller venues. The show usually aired live on Tuesdays directly before – when touring the west coast – or after SmackDown! has taped, though it has been recorded and placed on a broadcast delay until later in the night depending on what circumstances dictate.
Fungi imperfecti
There are about 25,000 species that have been classified in the deuteromycota and many are basidiomycota or ascomycota. Fungi producing the antibiotic penicillin and those that cause athlete's foot and yeast infections are imperfect fungi. In addition, there are a number of edible imperfect fungi, including the ones that provide the distinctive characteristics of Roquefort and Camembert cheese. Some fungi which are used to develop immunosuppressant drugs, are imperfect fungi. Other imperfect fungi are used for insect pest control. Other, more informal, names besides Deuteromycota ("Deuteromycetes") and fungi imperfecti, are anamorphic fungi, or mitosporic fungi. None of these names are terms of taxonomic rank. They are convenience terms.
ECW (WWE)
Production
ECW's initial theme song was "Bodies" by Drowning Pool, which had been used by WWE for Extreme Championship Wrestling since before the brand was established. Since then the theme song has changed between a number of different songs before settling on "Don't Question My Heart", sung by Kyle Morrison of the band Shattersphere. A remix of "Don't Question My Heart" by Saliva featuring Brent Smith was the show's last theme song.
Starting with the January 22, 2008 version, ECW began broadcasting in HD, along with a new HD set, which was shared among all three WWE brands.
Television Finale
On February 2, 2010, WWE Chairman Vince McMahon announced that ECW would be going off the air and would be replaced with a new weekly program in its slot in what McMahon announced as "the next evolution of WWE; the next evolution of television history." It was later announced that the show would air its final episode on February 16, 2010. On the February 4, 2010 episode of WWE Superstars, the new show's name was announced as WWE NXT. The ECW brand disbanded, with every ECW wrestler becoming a free agent after the show endee.
International broadcasters
In addition to being broadcast on Syfy in the United States, ECW was broadcast on a number of channels in many different countries. {| class="wikitable" style="background:#fcfdff; font-size:95%;" !Country || Network || Ref
Le Pré-Saint-Gervais
Le Pré-Saint-Gervais is a commune. It is found in the Seine-Saint-Denis department in France. In 2017, 17,950 people lived in the commune. The inhabitants are called Gervaisiens.
Sundby
Sundby is a locality in Ekerö Municipality in Stockholm County in Sweden. In 2010, 270 people lived there.
Danny Dunton
Dennis Clifford "Danny" Dunton (13 May 1924 – 2 January 2015) was an English international motorcycle speedway rider and promoter. He reached the final of the Speedway World Championship in 1950, achieving 12th place with 5 points. As well as riding, Danny promoted Peterborough Panthers and co-promoted Oxford Cheetahs, then Oxford Rebels and finally White City Rebels. Dunton was born in Cholesbury, Buckinghamshire.
Dunton died after a long illness on 2 January 2015, aged 90.
Armistice of Villafranca
The armistice and preliminaries of Villafranca were signed on 11 July 1859 in Villafranca di Verona, in the Veneto , by France and Austria. It put an end to the Austro-Franco-Sardinian War which constitutes for Italy, the second Italian War of Independence.
After the difficult battles of Magenta (4 June) and Solferino (24 June), Napoleon III, without consulting his Sardinian ally Cavour , proposed the armistice on 8 July and an interview on 11 July with the Emperor of Austria François- Joseph  I st. Although victorious, Napoleon III was frightened by the hecatomb (nearly 40,000 killed or wounded at Solferino) and the idea of having to continue an autumn and winter campaign against the Austrians entrenched in the quadrilateral. Moreover, the government and the Empress send him alarming information about the state of French opinion, Which is execrable. In particular, the Catholics, hitherto supported by the imperial regime, fear for the Papal States and the Pope's independence if Austria were eliminated from Italy. Finally, an anti-French feeling spread in Germany, where the Austrians were supported. The number of Prussian deaths is nearly 400 000 soldiers near the Rhine, stripped of French troops.
In Villafranca, it is agreed that Austria cedes Lombardy (except Mantua and Peschiera) to France, which restores it to the kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia. An Italian confederation under the presidency of Pope Pius IX was created, the Veneto under Austrian sovereignty being part of it. The dukes of Modena , Parma, and Tuscany, driven away by revolutions, found their thrones.
Cavour, not consulted, resigned on 10 July, while King Victor-Emmanuel II gave his agreement "in a personal capacity", thus leaving the door open to any governmental retraction.
Millbury, Massachusetts
Millbury is a town of Worcester County in the state of Massachusetts, United States. About 12,800 people lived in Millbury as of 2000.
Armistice of Villafranca
These preliminaries were confirmed by the Treaty of Zurich of 11 November 1859.
White Hall, Illinois
White Hall is a city in Illinois in the United States.
Callisto (moon)
Callisto is a moon of the planet Jupiter. It was discovered in 1610 by Galileo Galilei and named after Kallisto. It is the second largest moon orbiting Jupiter, after Ganymede, and the third largest moon in the Solar System.
Callisto is almost the same size as the planet Mercury, being 99% the diameter of the planet, but is much less massive. Of the four Galilean moons of Jupiter, Callisto is the farthest out, with an orbital radius of about 1,880,000 kilometres. It does not form part of the orbital resonance that affects three inner Galilean satellites, Io, Europa and Ganymede. Like the Earth's Moon, Callisto rotates synchronously with its orbital period. This means that one side is always turned toward Jupiter, while the other side never sees the face of the planet. Callisto's surface is less affected by Jupiter's magnetosphere than the seven moons nearer the planet.
Callisto has about equal amounts of rock and ices, with an average density of about 1.83 g/cm³. Chemical compounds on the surface include water ice, carbon dioxide, silicates, and organics. The Galileo spacecraft made investigations of the moon, and revealed that Callisto may have a small silicate core and possibly a subsurface ocean of liquid water more than 100 kilometers deep.
The surface of Callisto is heavily cratered and extremely old. The surface does not show any sign of processes occurring below the surface such as plate tectonics, earthquakes or volcanoes, and is thought to have evolved mainly under the influence of meteorite impacts. Notable surface features include multi-ring structures, impact craters in different shapes, and chains of craters (known as catenae) and associated scarps, ridges and deposits. On a smaller scale, the surface is varied. It is made up of frost on hill tops, surrounded by a smooth blanket of dark material in valleys. This is thought to result from the degradation of small landforms, caused by sublimation. This is supported by the few small impact craters, and the presence of numerous small knobs which are thought to be their remains. The absolute ages of the landforms are not known.
Callisto is surrounded by an extremely thin atmosphere made out of carbon dioxide and probably oxygen molecules. There is also a rather intense ionosphere. An ocean is thought to exist within Callisto. This may mean that life might exist. However, this is less likely than on nearby Europa.
Various space probes from Pioneers 10–11 to Galileo and Cassini−Huygens have studied the moon. Callisto is considered the most suitable place for humans to settle for future exploration of the Jovian system.
References
Notes
Footnotes
Harold Janeway
Harold Janeway (February 3, 1936 – August 20, 2020) was an American politician and businessman. He was a Democratic member of the New Hampshire Senate, representing the 7th District from 2006 to 2010. He was born in Glen Cove, New York.
Janeway died of prostate cancer on August 20, 2020, in Webster, New Hampshire at the age of 84.
Mehdi Cerbah
Mehdi Cerbah (3 April 1953 – 29 October 2021) was an Algerian international football player. From 1975 until 1986, he played for the Algeria national football team, making 57 appearances.
Elbert Roest
Elbert Jan Roest (born October 13, 1954 in Hoogezand) is a Dutch politician of Democrats 66 (D66). He is also a historian and a former teacher.
Mehdi Cerbah
Cerbah died on 29 October 2021 at the age of 68.
Elbert Roest
He has started his political career in the municipality of Doesburg (province of Gelderland). In this city he was a councillor and an alderman, from 1992 to 2002.
Afterwards he became mayor in Laren (province of North Holland). Since September 2017 he has been mayor of Bloemendaal (also in North Holland).
Roest studied history at the University of Groningen, and worked several years as a history teacher. Furthermore he was involved in examination development, the so-called CITO.
He is a member of the European Association of History Educators (EUROCLIO), and participates in history writing about Balkan and former Soviet countries.
Vilcabamba, Peru
Vilcabamba was founded by Manco Inca in 1539 and was the last city of the Inca Empire until it fell to the Spaniards in 1572. That meant the end of Inca resistance to Spanish rule.
History
After the Incan empire fell, the city was burned and the area swiftly became a remote, not very populated or connected part of Peru. The location of Vilcabamba was forgotten.
The ruins of the city were rediscovered by Hiram Bingham in 1909 in a remote forest site 130 km west of Cuzco, but he failed to realize its significance, because he believed that Machu Picchu, which he also rediscovered, was the fabled "Lost City of the Incas". It was not until explorations and discoveries in the 1960s, that many came to see this site at Espíritu Pampa as the real Vilcabamba of legend.
Shot glass
A shot glass is a small cup that people use to drink alcoholic drinks with. Spirits are usually drunk out of shot glasses. A person usually swallows everything in the glass at once.
Roberto Bonano
Roberto Bonano (born 24 January 1970) is a former Argentine football player. He has played for Argentina national team.
Kemmental
Kemmental is a municipality of the district of Kreuzlingen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.
Roberto Bonano
Club career statistics
233||0 118||0 351||0
Kemmental
History
The municipality was created on January 1, 1996 by mergxer of the formar municipalities of Alterswilen, Altishausen, Ellighausen, Lippoldswilen, Neuwilen, Siegershausen, Dotnacht and Hugelshofen.
Roberto Bonano
International career statistics
!Total||13||0
Earl Warren
Earl Warren (March 19, 1891 – July 9, 1974) was an American lawyer, judge and politician. He served as Governor of California from 1943 to 1953. Warren ran for Vice-President in 1948 as a Republican, but lost to Alben W. Barkley in a close election.
Warren was born in Los Angeles and grew up in Bakersfield before moving to Oakland. He served in World War I.
The Chicken Squad
The Chicken Squad is an American computer-animated children's television series. It was created by Tom Rogers that premiered on Disney Junior on May 14, 2021. It is based on the books written by Doreen Cronin. The series features the voices of Yvette Nicole Brown, Ramone Hamilton, Gabriella Graves and Maxwell Simkins. The series theme song is performed by former Kids Incorporated star Renee Sands.
Earl Warren
In 1925, he became District Attorney of Alameda County, and later Attorney General of California. In 1953, he became Chief Justice of the United States.
He was Chief Justice when the Supreme Court issued Brown v. Board of Education and Miranda vs. Arizona. These two cases were very important civil rights cases in the United States. Warren was also in control of the Warren Commission. It looked into a possible conspiracy in the killing of President Kennedy. Warren retired from the Court in 1969, and died in Washington, D.C., in 1974.
Dietrich von Choltitz
Dietrich Hugo Hermann von Choltitz (9 November 1894 – 5 November 1966) was an officer of the German Army in World War II. Choltitz was born in Gräflich Wiese (now Łąka Prudnicka) next to Neustadt (now Prudnik).
He participated in occupation of Sudetenland in 1938 and in the invasion of Poland in 1939.
On 7 August 1944 he became the military governor of Paris. On 25 August he surrendered Paris to the Allies.
He has been called the "Saviour of Paris" because he prevented its destruction. Choltitz said he defied Hitler's direct order for its destruction because it was militarily useless. Other reasons were his affection for Parisian history and culture, and his belief that Hitler had become insane.
Choltitz died on 5 November 1966 in Baden-Baden.
Motettu de tristura
"Motettu de tristura" (Sardinian language; "sad ditty") is a traditional Sardinian folk song composed by an anonymous author and rewritten by Luciano Berio for voice (mezzo-soprano), flute, clarinet, harp, percussion, viola and cello.
Setting and arrangements
The music and words of the piece, known as Tristu passirillanti (Sad nightingale), were collected by Berio in the village of Guasila (Province of South Sardinia). The text in Campidanese sardinian is composed of two stanzas of five septenary lines each.
Luciano Berio set it for soprano and ensemble as part of his Folk Songs in 1964: the song cycle was composed for, and recorded by, Cathy Berberian.
Lyrics and meaning of the song
It is the desperate song of a woman who, overcome with grief over the loss of her lover, perhaps because he is dead, turns to a nightingale, and asks him why he advised her to cry for her lover. She is probably convinced that it is completely useless; in fact in the following verses he asks him to sing this song to him after she is dead.
Ved (movie)
Ved is a 2022 Indian Marathi-language romantic drama film. It is directed by Riteish Deshmukh in his directorial debut and is produced by his wife, Genelia D'Souza. The film is inspired by the 2019 Telugu film Majili.
Ved was theatrically released on 30 December 2022.
Release
The teaser of Ved was released on 24 November 2022 on YouTube. It was released in theaters on December 30, 2022.
Walloon Lake, Michigan
Walloon Lake is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Charlevoix County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 290.
Liden
Liden is a locality in Sundsvall Municipality in Västernorrland County in Sweden. In 2010, 254 people lived there. The locality is near the Indalen River. The locality is located circa 50& kilometers (road 86) northwest of the town of Sundsvall.
Egon Bondy's Happy Hearts Club Banned
Egon Bondy's Happy Hearts Club Banned is a "studio" album by the Czech underground band The Plastic People of the Universe. It was recorded in 1974-1975 in Houska Castle and in atelier in Prague. It was released in 1978 (France) and in Czech Republic in 2001. The album title is a parody on the name of The Beatles album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band.
Qualia
Qualia is a term philosophers use for bits of perception or subjective, conscious experience. It is in the field called the philosophy of psychology, or philosophy of mind.
Examples of qualia include the pain of a headache, the taste of wine, or the perceived red ness of an evening sky. It is a separate bit of experience, different from thinking about propositions or stream of consciousness thought.
Daniel Dennett (b. 1942), American philosopher and cognitive scientist, says qualia is "an unfamiliar term for something that could not be more familiar to each of us: the ways things seem to us".
Zagatala District
Zagatala District (Zaqatala rayonu; Закатала мухъ; Tsakhur: Закаталайни район) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the north of the country and belongs to the Shaki-Zagatala Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Balakan, Qakh, and the Russian Republic of Dagestan. Its capital and largest city is Zagatala. As of 2020, the district had a population of 129,800.
Vere Gordon Childe
Vere Gordon Childe (Usually known as Gordon Childe) (Sydney, New South Wales, 14 April 1892 – Mount Victoria, New South Wales, 19 October 1957) was an Australian archaeologist. He was best known for his excavation of the unique Neolithic site of Skara Brae in Orkney. He is also credited with coining the terms 'Neolithic Revolution' and 'Urban Revolution'. He attempted to place his discoveries inside a theory of prehistoric development on a wider European and world scale.
Bill Johansen
William Odd "Red" Johansen (July 27, 1928 – March 21, 2001) was a Canadian professional ice hockey centre. The high point of his career was one game played in the National Hockey League for the Toronto Maple Leafs. He was born in Oslo, Norway, and he grew up in Port Arthur, Ontario.
Folding@home
The project uses the idle processing resources of thousands of personal computers owned by volunteers who have installed the software on their systems. Instead of using an expensive supercomputer many user's computers can do the same work. The software was first available for the Sony PlayStation 3. It can also run in a Google Chrome window. It is now available for a wide variety of Android mobile devices.
Webster, New Hampshire
Webster is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 1,872 at the 2010 census.
Rwandan genocide
The Rwandan genocide happened in 1994. It started in April and lasted 100 days. During that time, about 800,000 people were murdered.
In a genocide, many or all people in a group are killed because of their ethnicity, colour, religion, or political opinions. In the Rwandan genocide, members of an ethnic group called the Tutsi (abatutsi) were killed because of their ethnicity. The killers were extremist members of another ethnic group called the Hutu (abahutu). The Hutu killers also killed other Hutus whose beliefs were not as extreme as theirs.
Background
In 1994, almost all Rwandan people (85%) were Hutus. However, for many years, the Tutsi minority had more power and ran the Rwandan government. In 1959, the Hutus overthrew the Tutsi government and took power. Tens of thousands of Tutsis ran away to nearby countries.
A group of the Tutsis in exile created a rebel group. They called it the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF). The RPF invaded Rwanda in 1990, starting the Rwandan Civil War. The Tutsi rebels and the Hutu government fought until 1993, when the two sides signed a peace agreement.
Within a half an hour, Hutu militias had blocked roads all over Kigali, Rwanda's capital city. They stopped every car that came by, and killed every Tutsi they found. The Rwandan genocide began that day.
The genocide
In the next 100 days, members of the Hutu government's army, militias, and even civilians would kill 800,000 people – an average of 8,000 people every day. This makes the Rwandan Genocide one of the fastest genocides in history.
The two main militia groups that carried out the killings were the Interahamwe and the Impuzamugambi. These were supposed to be youth organizations of two pro-Hutu political parties. However, the government turned them into militias to carry out the genocide.
Within a few hours after the Presidents' deaths, military leaders in Rwanda's different provinces called together militia and civilians. They told them that the President was dead, and that the Tutsi RPF had killed him. Then they ordered the crowd to kill Tutsis, saying things like: "Begin your work!" and "Spare no one!" – including babies.
Killing moderate politicians
Just after the Presidents' deaths, Hutu extremists assassinated the Rwandan prime minister. They also tortured and killed the ten Belgian soldiers that had been assigned to protect her.
After that, throughout the night of April 6-7, Hutu militias and the Rwandan army got lists of people in the government who were political moderates (meaning they were not extremists). They found these people in Kigali and killed them. p. 230 They did this so the moderates would not be able to stop the genocide. They also killed journalists and human rights activists who had spoken out against the Hutu government.
The genocide spreads
The Rwandan Genocide was committed in a very organized way. For example, the genocide's leaders made lists of people who were against the Hutu-led government. They gave these lists to militias, who went and killed those people, along with their families. The militias also blocked roads so they could check the identification cards of everyone who came by. These cards had a person's ethnic group listed on them. When they found a Tutsi, the militias would kill the person. Often, they used machetes. When Tutsis tried to hide from the killers, the militias would search every building in an area, inch by inch, until they found the people who were hiding. Buses even drove the killers from massacre to massacre.
The army and militias were very brutal towards women. They raped between 150,000 and 250,000 Tutsi women. They also kidnapped women and forced them to be sex slaves. After raping women, the rapists would often mutilate the women's sex organs with things like weapons, boiling water, or acid.
Most victims of the genocide were killed in their own villages. Often, they were killed by their own neighbors. Government radio stations encouraged regular people to kill their Tutsi neighbors. Hutus who refused to kill Tutsis were often executed immediately. Husbands killed their Tutsi wives because they were scared of being killed if they refused. There were even priests and nuns convicted of killing people who were trying to hide in churches. As historian Richard Prunier explains: during the genocide, "Either you took part in the massacres or you were massacred yourself." p. 247
Propaganda
The killers used propaganda to encourage the genocide. They set up radio stations and newspapers which were full of hate speech. Often, they encouraged people to "weed out the cockroaches," which meant "kill the Tutsis." The killers would read out the names of people they wanted to be killed over the radio. Radio stations told their listeners to make sure they disemboweled pregnant Tutsi women.
The United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda
In October 1993, the United Nations Security Council created the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR). It was supposed to help put the 1993 peace agreement into place. However, UNAMIR did not have permission from the Security Council to protect civilians or try to stop the genocide. At this time, UNAMIR soldiers were only allowed to shoot their weapons in self-defence, if somebody was attacking them personally. They were not allowed to use their weapons or get involved to protect civilians who were being attacked.
Security Council response
More and more, UNAMIR's peacekeeping troops were being attacked. Countries began to pull their soldiers out of Rwanda. Some members of the United Nations Security Council, like the United States, argued strongly that the UN should take all of its peacekeeping troops out of Rwanda. Eventually, the Security Council decided to decrease the number of troops UNAMIR was allowed to have. On April 21, 1994, as the genocide was spreading across Rwanda, the Security Council decreased the number of allowed UNAMIR troops from 2,548 to 270 – a decrease of almost 90%.
UNAMIR's Commander, Roméo Dallaire, kept asking the United Nations for more troops. On May 15, the Security Council increased UNAMIR's allowed number of troops to 5,500. However, it took almost six months for UN member countries to volunteer this many troops. Meanwhile, the genocide continued.
France and Operation Turquoise
France offered to lead a humanitarian mission in southwest Rwanda while UNAMIR was trying to gather more troops. The Security Council approved this mission on June 22, 1994. France called the mission "Operation Turquoise." During this operation, soldiers from France and other countries set up a "safe zone" in southwest Rwanda. This was meant to be an area where people could come to be protected from Hutu attacks. Historians think that Operation Turquoise saved 13,000 to 14,000 lives. p. 308 However, France has been accused of letting war criminals escape Rwanda through the safe zone.
Massacres
Because UNAMIR's troops were not allowed to use their weapons to protect civilians, the militias were able to massacre civilians even when UNAMIR troops were nearby.
Kigali
For example, on April 7, 1994, Belgian soldiers were staying at a school outside Kigali. Thousands of Tutsis ran from Kigali to the school, hoping that the soldiers would protect them from the massacres that were happening in Kigali. Hutu militia surrounded the school, but they did not enter because they were afraid of the Belgian soldiers.
However, one day, the Belgian soldiers left. They had been ordered to leave so they could take European people to the airport to get them out of the country. Later, a Belgian colonel "said the young soldiers told him they saw the killers in their rearview mirrors" as they drove away. After the soldiers left, the Hutu militia killed thousands of Tutsis.
Murambi Technical School
Another massacre happened in Murambi, a town in southern Rwanda. When the genocide reached Murambi, Tutsis tried to hide at a nearby church. However, the bishop and mayor tricked them by telling them to go to the Murambi Technical School. They said the French soldiers there would protect them. On April 16, 1994, about 65,000 Tutsis ran to the school. One survivor said: "They gave us four [French soldiers] for protection, but from 17 April we never saw them again."
After they got to the school, the Tutsis had no food. The school's water was also cut off, so the Tutsis would be too weak to fight back. The Tutsis were still able to fight back for a few days, using stones. However, on April 21, the school was attacked by the Interahamwe. They killed about 45,000 Tutsis at the school. The other 20,000 Tutsis ran to a nearby church to hide, but the militia found them there and killed almost all of them.
The school is now a genocide museum. The museum says that only 34 people out of 65,000 survived the massacre. It also says that after the massacre, the French soldiers came back and buried the bodies in mass graves. Then they put a volleyball court over the mass graves to hide what happened.
End of the genocide
The Ugandan army joined the RPF in fighting the extremist Hutus. Bit by bit, they took control of more parts of Rwanda. Finally, on July 4, 1994, they took control of Kigali.
After this, about two million Hutus ran away from Rwanda to Zaire. This group included 1.4 million Hutu civilians who had nothing to do with the genocide, but had been told that the RPF would kill them just for being Hutus.
According to the BBC, "Human rights groups say the RPF killed thousands of Hutu civilians as they took power – and more after they went into [Zaire] to [follow] the Interahamwe. The RPF denies this."
Victims
In 1994, Rwanda's population was 7.9 million. After the genocide:
Before the genocide, about 1.1 million of Rwandans were Tutsis. After the genocide, there were only about 300,000 Tutsis left in the country. Almost three out of every four Tutsis in Rwanda had been killed during the genocide.
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
In 1995, the United Nations Security Council set up the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). Its goal was to prosecute people who took part in genocide, war crimes, or crimes against humanity, and punish the guilty ones. The ICTR had the power to prosecute anyone who broke international laws about human rights.
The ICTR was the first international court ever to:
Out of 93 people indicted by the ICTR, 61 were found guilty and sent to prison. Another ten cases were sent to Rwanda so their own courts could hear the cases. Three people indicted by the ICTR are still fugitives.
Rwandan courts
The Rwandan government was not able to start trying genocide suspects until 1996. This was because so many judges had been killed in the genocide, and because so many court buildings and jails had been destroyed.
By 2000, there were over 100,000 suspects waiting for trials. The regular Rwandan courts could not handle this many cases. To help with this problem, the government set up a new and different system of courts to help the regular Rwandan courts.
By mid-2006, the Rwandan courts had tried over 10,000 genocide suspects.
Gacaca courts
In 2001, the Rwandan government began to create a system of Gacaca courts (pronounced "GA-CHA-CHA"). In these courts, Rwandans elect judges to hear genocide suspects' trials. Gacaca courts may hear cases about any crimes except planning genocide or rape. These cases must be heard by regular Rwandan courts.
If a suspect is found guilty, the Gacaca courts give less severe sentences if the person is truly sorry and asks for the community's forgiveness. The goal of the Gacaca courts is to get justice while also moving towards reconciliation. It also gives perpetrators the chance to admit what they did, which gives victims a chance to learn what happened to their loved ones.
Between 2001 and 2012, 12,000 Gacaca courts tried over 1.2 million cases all over Rwanda. These courts officially finished their work on May 4, 2012.
Aghdam District
Agdam District (Ağdam rayonu) is a raion in southwestern Azerbaijan. Its capital is the city of Agdam, which is currently a ghost town. The western half is controlled by the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic.
Planetary system
Planetary system is the general term for a star with planets and other objects in orbit around it. The Solar System is one of these. It is now clear that many other stars have planetary systems.