ආක්‍රමණික_විශේෂ
Explanatory notes	Edit Including indication that these were grown in nurseries and landscapes soon after the American Civil War (ended 1865).[31] Note that military engineers were tasked with the removal of water hyacinths in the South, as explained below. Brown (1941) also wrongly claims the species to be "a native to Japan", p. 9. Brown appears in a photograph on p. 12. It might be also noted that when the World's Fair returned to the U.S. in 1993 and was held in Chicago (World's Columbian Exposition), Edmund D. Sturtevant was there displaying his water-lilies.[45] The term "board of engineer officer" is used, but the biography from one of its members, in the West Point graduate roll, shows he was from the Army Corps of Engineers.[50] The 1903 Experiment Report has "petroleum", whereas Klorer 1909, p. 443 writes "Beaumont fuel oil". The more ambitious by Kitunda (2017), p. xv dating to 1829 due to William Townsend Aiton of Kew Gardens does not pan out, since the pointed source, Curtis's Botanical Magazine (1829) merely states Aiton made the plant available then to Glasgow Botanic Gardens.[72] i.e., 200 liters out of the "350 to 411 liters of biogas per kg dry weight of water hyacinths (5.7 to 6.6 scf per dry lb)" reported by this team with Barlow.[110] References	Edit "Eichhornia crassipes". Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). Pellegrini, M. O. O.; Horn, C. N. & Alemida, R. F. (2018). "Total evidence phylogeny of Pontederiaceae (Commelinales) sheds light on the necessity of its recircumscription and synopsis of Pontederia L." PhytoKeys (108): 25–83. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.108.27652. PMC 6160854. PMID 30275733. "Limnobium spongia". UF / IFAS Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants. Sullivan, Paul R; Wood, Rod (2012). Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) seed longevity and the implications for management (PDF). 18th Australasian Weeds Conference. Melbourne. Gopal, Brij (1987). Water Hyacinth (Aquatic Plant Studies). Elsevier Science. ISBN 978-0444427069. Dickinson, Richard; Royer, France (2014). Weeds of North America. University of Chicago Press. p. 625. ISBN 978-0-226-07658-4. Water hyacinth forms large floating mats.. Under ideal conditions populations may double in size every 6–18 days. "Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth)". Invasive Species Compendium. CABI. Retrieved November 14, 2017. Barrett, Spencer C.H. (1977) Tristyly in Eichhornia crassipes (Water Hyacinth). Biotropica, 9: 230–238 Barrett, Spencer C.H. (1989) Waterweed invasions. Scientific American, 260: 90–97. Duke 1983, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms Matai, S.; Bagchi, D.K. (1980), Gnanam, A.; Krishnaswamy, S.; Kahn, J.S. (eds.), "Water hyacinth: a plant with prolific bioproductivity and photosynthesis", Proceedings of the International Symposium on Biological Applications of Solar Energy, 1–5 December 1978, MacMillan Co. of India, Madras, pp. 144–148 apud Duke (1983). Medicinal plants of east and southeast Asia. By L.M Perry. 1980. MIT Press, Cambridge. Cited in Duke (1983). Tropical feeds. Feed information summaries and nutritive values. By B. Gohl. 1981. FAO Animal Production and Health Series 12. FAO, Rome. Cited in Duke (1983). Upadhyay, Alka R.; B. D. Tripathi (2007). "Principle and Process of Biofiltration of Cd, Cr, Co, Ni & Pb from Tropical Opencast Coalmine Effluent". Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. Springer. 180 (1–4): 213–223. Bibcode:2007WASP..180..213U. doi:10.1007/s11270-006-9264-1. S2CID 97353113. Abou-Shanab, R. A. I.; Angle, JS; Van Berkum, P; et al. (2007). "Chromate-Tolerant Bacteria for Enhanced Metal Uptake by Eichhornia crassipes (MART.)". 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Journal of Aquatic Plant Management (JAPM). 6: 27–30. Retrieved July 31, 2013. Hanson, Sarah (March 20, 2013). "Eichhornia crassipes – The 'Jekyll and Hyde' of the freshwater world". Tropical Biodiversity. Retrieved November 21, 2017. Julien, M.H., and Griffiths, M.W. (1998), Biological Control of Weeds: A World Catalogue of Agents and their Target Weeds (4th ed.), Oxon, UK: CABI Publishing, CAB International. "Biological Control of Weeds — A World Catalogue of Agents and their Target Weeds". iBiocontrol. The University of Georgia – Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health. Retrieved November 14, 2017. Goyer, Richard A.; Stark, John D. (1981). "Suppressing water hyacinth with an imported weevil". Louisiana Agriculture. 24 (4): 4–5. Amédégnato, Christiane; Devriese, Hendrik (2008), Balian, E.V.; Lévêque, C.; Segers, H.; Martens, K. (eds.), "Global diversity of true and pygmy grasshoppers (Acridomorpha, Orthoptera) in freshwater", Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment, Springer Science & Business Media, p. 542, ISBN 978-1-4020-8259-7. Reprinted from Hydrobiologia, 595 (2008), doi:10.1007/s10750-007-9132-z. Penfound & Earle (1948), p. 449: "some evidence.. cultivated as greenhouse and landscape exotic shortly after the War between the States." Mooallem, John (2013). "American Hippopotamus". The Atavist. Vol. 32. New York. ASIN B00HEWJTF4. Retrieved November 14, 2017; Mooallem's piece was also featured in Miller, Greg (December 20, 2013). "The Crazy, Ingenious Plan to Bring Hippopotamus Ranching to America". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Penfound & Earle (1948), p. 449. Douglas, Lake (2011). Public Spaces, Private Gardens: A History of Designed Landscapes in New Orleans. LSU Press. pp. 54–55, 246 nn26–27. ISBN 978-0-807-13838-0. Brown, James, Major (1941). "Water hyacinth control in fishing waters". Louisiana Conservation Review. Vol. 10 no. 2. Department of Conservation, State of Louisiana. p. 9. Alt URL Vietmeyer (1975), p. 65. Claimed in Major James Brown (1941),[35] Vietmeyer (1975),[36] Wolverton & McDonald (1979), p. 2, Barrett (2004), p. 92, and Mooallem (2013)[32] as delineated below. Wunderlich, William E. (1940). "Machines Combat Aquatic Growth". The Military Engineer. Society of American Military Engineers. 33 (1): 517. Wolverton & McDonald (1979), p. 2: " Japanese exhibitors coming to the 1884 Cotton States Exposition in New Orleans, Louisiana, brought along this aquatic plant because of its beautiful lavender flowers. They had collected the water hyacinths from the Orinoco River in Venezuela. These plants were given away at the exposition as souvenirs". Barrett (2004), p. 92: "..In that year water hyacinths imported from the lower Orinoco River in Venezuela were distributed as gifts by a Japanese delegation". Douglas, Lake (1992). Loony Louisiana!. Carole Marsh Louisiana Bks. ISBN 0-793-37321-2. Stall, Gaspar J. "Buddy" (1998). Buddy Stall's Louisiana Potpourri. Pelican Publishing. p. 81. ISBN 1-56554-427-7. Mack, Richard N. (1991). "The Commercial Seed Trade: An Early Disperser of Weeds in the United States". Economic Botany. Springer on behalf of New York Botanical Garden Press. 45 (2): 265–266. doi:10.1007/BF02862053. JSTOR 4255340. S2CID 36826088. Mack (1991), pp. 265–266, 262 (Table 1, Eicchornia crassipes) Tricker, William (August 1, 1910). "The Water Garden: a quarter century of aquatics". Gardening. Vol. 18 no. 430. p. 338. "This Busy World", Harper's Weekly, 39, May 4, 1895 Penfound & Earle (1948), p. 450. Webber 1897, p. 11 apud Penfound & Earle 1948, p. 449 "A Troublesome ′Water Weed′". Popular Science Monthly. LII: 429. January 1898. Retrieved November 14, 2017. Washington Cullum, George; Holden, Edward Singleton, eds. (1901). William H. H. Benyaurd. Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the U.S. Military Academy, at West Point, N.Y. Houghton, Mifflin. pp. 138–139. Klorer 1909, p. 43. "Report on Experiments for Destruction of the Water Hyacinth in the Waters of Florida", Annual Report of the Department of War, 12 (4), p. 2433, 1903 Klorer 1909, pp. 42–44. Klorer 1909, p. 45. Klorer 1909, p. 47. Doughty, Robin W.; Turner, Matt Warnock (2019). Unnatural Texas?: The Invasive Species Dilemma. Texas A&M University Press. pp. 54–55, 246 nn26–27. ISBN 978-1-623-49705-7. Barrett (2004), p. 96. "Transportation of water hyacinths". Bill No. 18 U.S. Code § 46 of 1 August 1956. United States Congress. Cuellar, Henry (December 27, 2020). "H.R.133 - 116th Congress (2019-2020): Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021". www.congress.gov. Retrieved December 29, 2020. "TITLE X--CLEAN UP THE CODE ACT OF 2019 SEC. 1002. REPEALS. The following provisions of title 18, United States Code, are repealed: (1) Section 46 relating to transportation of water hyacinths.". Act of 27 December 2020. Kitunda (2017), pp. xxiv, 6. Hussein, Walaa (September 7, 2016). "How this invasive flower is taking over the Nile". Al-Monitor. CAIRO. Gopal & Sharma 1981. Stirton, C. H. (1983). Plant Invaders: Beautiful, But Dangerous : a Guide to the Identification and Control of Twenty-six Plant Invaders of the Province of the Cape of Good Hope. Department of Nature and Environmental Conservation of the Cape Provincial Administration. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-798-40094-7. Ashton, P. J.; Scott, W. E.; Sten, D.J.; Wells, R. J. (1979), "The chemical control programme against the water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solm on Hartbeespoort Dam", South African Journal of Science, 75: 303–306 Dutoit. R., (1938). "Water hyacinth". Farming South Africa 13, 16–17, apud Ashton et al. 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(2007), that the plant was distributed at the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair, aka "Louisiana Purchase Exposition", and this was one possible route of transmission to S. Africa in 1910.[70] Hooker, William Jackson (1829) "#2932 Pontederia azurea. Large-flowered Pnotederia", Curtis's Botanical Magazine, New Series 3 (=Vol. 56) Thielke, Thilo (September 2, 2008). "Die grüne Pest" [The Green Pest]. Spiegel Online (in German). Retrieved September 2, 2008. Rezene, F. (2005). "Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes): A Review of its Weed Status in Ethiopia". Arem. 6: 105–111. Cited in Yirefu, F.; Tafesse, A.; Gebeyehu, T.; Tessema, T. (2007). "Distribution, Impact and Management of Water Hyacinth at Wonji-Shewa Sugar Factory" (PDF). Eth. J. Of Weed MGT. 1 (1): 41–52. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 22, 2014. Gopal & Sharma (1981), apud Petr, T. (2000) Interactions Between Fish and Aquatic Macrophytes in Inland Waters: A Review, p. 84 Husain, Anwar (July 1969). 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Duke, J.A.; Wain, K.K (1981) Medicinal plants of the world. 3 vols. Oudhia, P. (Winter 2001). "Traditional medicinal knowledge about a noxious weed, jal kumbhi (Eichhornia crassipes), in Chhattisgarh (India)" (PDF). AQUAPHYTE Online. 21 (2). ISSN 0893-7702. Chai, TT; Ngoi, JC; Wong, FC (2013). "Herbicidal potential of Eichhornia crassipes leaf extract against Mimosa pigra and Vigna radiata". International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 15 (5): 835‒842. Bibliography	Edit Barrett, Spencer C. H. (October 2004). "Waterweed Invasions". Scientific American. 261 (4): 90–97. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1089-90. JSTOR 24987444. Duke, J. (1983). Handbook of Energy Crops. Purdue University. (Complete List of References) Gopal, Brij; Sharma, K. P. (1981). Water-hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes): The Most Troublesome Weed of the World. Hindasia. Ishii, Takeshi; Ninjyou, Hiroyuki; Norinao, Hideki; Maeda, Hironobu; Yamashina, Youko (2001), "世界に分布するホテイアオイとその水質浄化並びに資源としての有効利用の研究（I）" [A Study on Water Hyacinth all over the World; The Usefulness for Water Purification and Agricultural (or Natural) Resources (I)], Water Science / Suiri Kagaku 水利科学 (in Japanese), 45 (2): 17–33, doi:10.20820/suirikagaku.45.2_17 Kadono, Yasuro (2004). "Alien aquatic plants naturalized in Japan: history and present status" (PDF). Global Environmental Research. 8 (2): 163–169. Kitunda, Jeremiah Mutio (2017). A History of the Water Hyacinth in Africa: The Flower of Life and Death from 1800 to the Present. Lexington Books. ISBN 978-1-498-52463-6. Klorer, John (1909), "The Water Hyacinth Problem", Journal of the Association of Engineering Societies, 42: 42–48 Monsod, Godofredo G. (1979). Man and the water hyacinth. Vantage Press. ISBN 9780533038244. Penfound, Wm. T.; Earle, T. T. (October 1948). "The Biology of the Water Hyacinth". Ecological Monographs. 18 (4): 447–472. doi:10.2307/1948585. JSTOR 1948585. Vietmeyer, Noel D. (1975). "Beautiful Blue Devil". Natural History. 84 (9): 65–73. Webber, H. J. (1897). "The Water Hyacinth, and its Relation to Navigation in Florida". U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bulletin (18): 1–20. Wolverton, Billy C.; McDonald, Rebecca C. (1979). "The Water Hyacinth: From Prolific Pest to Potential Provider". Ambio. Springer on behalf of Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. 8 (1): 2–9. JSTOR 4312402. External links	Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eichhornia crassipes. Wikispecies has information related to Eichhornia crassipes. Eichhornia crassipes Eichhornia crassipes in West African plants – A Photo Guide. Species Profile – Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), National Invasive Species Information Center, United States National Agricultural Library. Lists general information and resources for Water Hyacinth. Eichhornia crassipes Israel Wildflowers and native plants Practical uses of Water Hyacinth IUCN Leaflet on E. crassipes in the context of Lake Tanganyika "Water hyacinth", AquaPlant Profile Last edited 15 hours ago by Invasive Spices Wikipedia වෙනත් ආකාරයකින් සටහන් නොකළහොත් CC BY-SA 3.0 යටතේ අන්තර්ගතය ලබා ගත හැකිය. රහස්යතා ප්රතිපත්තිය භාවිත නියමඩෙස්ක්ටොප්