cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Aḥwac n taskiwin
Adrar n drn n waṭlas mqquṛn
Yili wis sin illa ɣ tqbilin n Ida uzdaɣ ɣ imadliwn n iffus n udrar n drn, iẓẓlmḍ n nnabha d ixf n wasif. aḥwac ad n ddrst ar gis tt ḥuwcn irgazn ɣ yan umaɣʷd, ilint tfrxin ar disn  tt ḥwacnt ɣ mnid nnsn, ar tt ḥwacnt tfrxin ɣ wanaw ad n uḥwac s mknna rant s tɣarast lli tnt issusmn, ḥma ad tsbaynt afulki nnst, iwalli rant issusmtnt. tamẓ ɣ ufus nns yan ujway umlil ig tamatart n uɣus d wafulki.
Ɣ tmnaḍt n ( ida uzdaɣ) ar smurign tamdyazt n ( tazrart) tga tamdyazt bahra iɣzzifn ar tti tt ggan ɣ umarg n uḥwac n ddrst. Ɣ wawluẓ ar ttinin i uḥwac n ddrst ( ajjukṛ), lliɣ a ssfaln aḥwac s uẓawan idrusn, ar itt aywwul imikk s imikk ar d lkmn ttmi n zzrb ɣ uḥwac, ar ti ttḥwacn irgazn awd timɣarin. ɣ (taliwin) ar as tt inin ddrst, ar gis tt ḥwacn irgazn waha, irwas uḥwac nnsn win awluẓ, acku lliɣ mḥadan iqbiln ad s sin.
Adrar n waṭlas mẓẓiyn
Ɣ tmizar ad n waṭlas mẓẓiyn llan sin wanawn n ddrst g tmnaḍt n (waqqa) d ( ṭaṭa), immrwas uḥwac n ṭaṭa d waqqa ɣ uẓawan  d imussutn n uḥwac ar gis tt ḥwacn irgazn. ili yan wanaw g tznit ar as tt inin aḥwac, irwas wad illan g waqqa d ṭaṭa, macc nttan iga win  tmɣarin waha.
Tawalt n ddrst tga ism n middn lli itt ḥuwcn, macc aḥwac nttan iga anawn.
Aḥwac n ismgan
Tlla zɣ kigan n tasutin yat tzdayt, ngr tmurt n lmṛṛuk d ugʷns n tfriqt, iffus n wasif n ssinigal, gant tzdayin ad tin tdamsa d umzruy, drun taɣrma nnsn, waxxa iɣzzif ubrid, macc iga ifili n umṣawaḍ ngr tmizar d tqbilin lli gis izdɣn.
Ɣ uzaɣar n sus llan kigan n iḥwacn lli iẓlin s uẓawan n (tgnawit), d imiss n uẓawan (ganga) d (tqrqawin), ili uḥwac ad s ism aḥwac n ismgan. ar nttafa ḥawac ad  g iẓlmaḍn d iffusn n laṭlas mẓẓiyn d isktann d taliwin, d waqqa d ṭaṭa, d ixf n wasif, d iftasn n mugadir, d iffus n laṭlas mqquṛn.
D lliɣ iga uẓawan n (tgnawit) zɣ wasif n smmus n uẓawan, imsasa d imurig n ṛṛways lli awd nttan illa yadda f wasif ann n smmus.
Aylli immaln mas iga uẓawan amaziɣ aẓawan n tfriqt s uẓuṛ ig iwis n wakal nns.
Aḥwac n ismgan illa ɣ kigan n tmnaḍin n sus d dra d kra zɣ lḥuz, ar itt ili ɣ tffugliwin n tmaɛcuṛt, d tmɣriwin n ismgan ɣ zikk.
Taḥwact
Illa uḥwac ad ɣ imadliwn iffusn n waṭlas mqquṛn, ig uḥwac ad win irgazn, ar gis tt munn imdyazn ar smazɣn amṣawaḍ gratsn s umdyaz, ili gis imussutn sis iẓlin ar as tt inin (taruzi), illa uḥwac g ( awluẓ - tiznit), aḥwac ann n awluẓ iga am walli illan g imadliwn n drn. win tznit d mad as issutln iga win tmɣarin, ar gis smurignt s tutlayt n tmaziɣt d ddarija.
Ɣ tmnaḍin n (ṭaṭa - waqqa - lfija - fum lḥṣn - ibuzbun - awluẓ - induzal - ayt smk - tasktant - intawn …) gan i uḥwac mknna iga wanaw nns  ism n ( awgal), d ig bahra aḥwac n tmaɣarin.
Tlla yat tḥwact ttawssan ɣ (taliwin) d ( ayt waẓkit) d ( igluwa), tla ism n ( tabluydit), ig uḥwac ad win irgazn, ar sis sffuglun ɣ tmɣriwin mqquṛnin, tili tayyaḍ tla ism ( butska), iga uḥwac win irgazn d win tmɣarin.
Ahnaqqaṛ
Alla uḥwac ad g tmnaḍin n ( ṭaṭa - lfayja - d tiniri / tnzruft n dra - d tqbilin n ida uknsus - tafrawt - ida ugniḍif- isaffn - awluẓ - isndaln …) ur yukz yan g umawal ma igan ahnaqqaṛ, macc zund tawalt ad tlla g umawal atargi, nkk nniɣ mas tdwr tawalt zɣ tawalt n uhggaṛ lli igan assaɣ n yat tqbilt n itargin n tiniri, tg tawalt ad ɣikad (ahnaqqaṛ).
laɛwwad
vignette|Iwiz n lɛwwad d wallun, Bab n tgʷmamt igat - Ṛacid Ayt Ufqqir (Ayt Bn Lḥaj)- 22 n usggʷas g uwtay nns, zɣ udwwaṛ Kinit taqbilt n Ayt Xṭṭab Timzgadiwin. Iga laɛwwad imiss n uẓawan, s tutlayt n tmaziɣt ig ( tagʷmamt), iman uẓawan n tgʷmamt d wallun, tga tagʷmamt imiss bahra igan azayku ɣ tussna tamaziɣt, tman d uẓawan drant trubba awd tg tad igan tin yan.
Iɣ isinṣg ugʷmam, ar dis itt mun ubrdakk n irgazn d iḥwacn ɣ llan imussutn iggutn. d ṛṛways n tilluna ar tt munn d wasif n uẓawan lli tgli tgʷmamt. ar nn nttafa aẓawan n laɛwwad g tanila n mugadir (iḥaḥan) d dar tqbilin n ida ubuzya d intugga d tqbilin n ayt xṭṭab.
Ajmak
Aḥwac ad ittawssan g ( actukn - imi mqquṛn - ayt mẓal - ihlaln - ayt wadrim - sidi ɛabd llah lbucwari - tizi n takuct - targa n ticka - xmis ayt musa - iwsimn - tanalt - ayt walyaḍ - ayt baha udrar - ayt baha umlal - azaɣar n tiznit …), ar gis tt ḥwacn irgazn d tmɣarin, g sin imaɣʷdn ingabaln.
Baɛṛṛuj
iga aḥwac iẓlin s tmɣarin, ar tt ḥwacnt ɣ tsutlt iqqnn ar gis kkatnt (awgal), tla s ism baɛṛṛuj. illa uḥwac ad g uzaɣar n sus.
Amdyaz n usays
Ɣ tinml n usays, ur illi unmɣuṛ d wad mẓẓiyn, ar gis ttmunan middn akkʷ mknna gan d aynna mi walan, ḥma ad ssfldn i bab n umarg d usmazɣ n wawal.
Nssn bab n umdyaz s kigan n ismawn (amarir - anḍḍam - amdyaz - anccad …), macc wanna iran a ikcm asays a ig bab n wawal, iqqand ad gis ilint tmatarin lli igan tin id bab n usmazɣ n wawal.
Akud n umdyaz ɣ tuẓẓumt n usays iṭṭf atig iggutn, d iɣ kullu fssn middn, igli nttan aswingm iẓli tawalin.
Timatarin lli ittilin ɣ umdyaz
Iga Ujmmaɛ, aẓuliḍ d Uṭṭalb lmẓuḍi willi bahra ittawssann g sus d lḥuz, mas gan imdyazn n isuyas. illa wanawn yaḍn n iḥwacn ɣ llan imdyazn ɣ kigan n tmnaḍin timaziɣin am Aḥidus ɣ tmazirt n ẓayan (laṭlaṣ), ar gis ttilin inccadn itt nḍamn s umdyaz amaziɣ.
Ɣ uḍṛiṣ ad nbdr kra zɣ anawn n iḥwacn imaziɣn lli bahra ittawssann, nssfal tirra n uḍṛiṣ ad s wanaw lli bahra ssnn middn, macc iɣama sul mayad iẓlin s uẓawan amaziɣ ira sul kigan n twwuri d irzzutn, ḥma a nfk imann i kra wanawn n iḥwacn lli itt afuḍn ar tt nɣubun zɣ tmyurin n umaziɣ.
Ẓṛ uggar
Taggayt:Aḥwac
Ass
Ass (iɣ ggutn Ussan) nɣ Assf (iɣ ggutn Usfan) iga-tt tariban 24 n tassaɛin. Iga ass akud izdin zɣ unqqr n tafukt ar taɣlya nns. Ass tzggur as tylgi ɣ tifawt ḍfrnt-t-id tinwutci ɣ tdggʷat. Tizwiri nns (s wassaɣ d wammas n yiḍ s wakud adigan) d tiɣzi nna ittkka qqnen s tizi ilkm usggʷas aha qqnen s wadg ahrawan; ɣ ifuyla ikalanen iɣiy wass ad yawḍ ar 6 n iyyirn.
S ussiriw, issumk wass tamrniwt n yiḍ d wass mala myaḍfarn, aynna imsasan d tuttya imdn n wakal i yixf nns s tuqqna s yat tqiffit tawrakalt ittufkan. Tamunt n sa n wussan ar aɣ ttakkan imalass, ttyifkin i sa n wussan ad.
Ɣ umggaru, iqqan d ad nini mas d ass iga t ula wakud illan gr yat tizi d uzkka nns ɣ tizi ad nik d wansa ad nik, s umdya gr tsragt tiss 15 d uzgn n 1 innayr 2968 ar tasragt tiss 15 d uzgn n 2 innayr 2968.
Ɣ imalass ar nttfa sa wussan, ism-asn s tcelḥit :
Ismawen lli asen-iga usinag ageldan n tmaziɣt :
Taggayt:Akud
Sus
vignette|267x267px|Takarḍa n tmazirt n Sus. Tga Tmazirt n Sus (s tfinaɣ: ⵙⵓⵙ, s taɛrabt: سوس, s tfransist: Souss) yat tsga bahra istawhmman ɣ tgldit n Lmɣrib, slawan akkʷ s umzruy, tadlsa d trakalt nns, tbḍa f snat tsgiwin Sus-Masst d Glmim-Asif Nun. Ayt sus gan iclḥiyn ar sawaln tutlayt taclḥit. Tettussan tsga ad bahra s taddagt n wargan lli gis illan, ur tlli ɣ awd mani yaḍn. Tg ula udɣar nna ɣ bdan imnkad (empires) mqqurnin zun d Imrabḍn, Imwaḥḥidn, Isɛdiyn d tgldit n Tẓrwalt dɣ nttat.
Tarakalt
Sus tga yat tmazirt nɣ tasga illan ɣ unẓul utrim n tgldit n Lmɣrib. Tg tasga nna ɣ illa uṭṭun akkʷ imqqurn n imssiwln s tutlayin timaziɣin ɣ tgldit. Tutlayt nnsn tga taclḥit.
Ɣ tmazirt ad ar nttafa idrarn n Waṭlas Mqqurn ɣ ugafay nns d idrarn n waṭlas mẓẓiyn ɣ tuẓẓumt nns. Adrar lli akkʷ gis imqqurn iga tt adrar n Sirwa lli illan gr aṭlas mqqurn d way mẓẓiyn. Ar tlkkm tiɣzi nns uggar n 3 304 m. Ar gis zrayn yan wasif bahra ittussan att igan Asif n Sus.
Timdinin nns imqqurn gan tn Tiznit, Tarudant, Ayt Mllul, Inzggan, Ayt Baha, Byugra, Tafrawt, Ifni, Ṭaṭa, Wlad tayma, Bizakarn, Masst, Taliwin ... Tg Agadir tamaẓunt nns
Iwtta imzrayn
vignette|240x240px|Tiqbilin tisusiyin ḍaṛt urggig nnsnt tigira n tasut tiss 19. Ar ttglamn id bu umzruy n uzmz amuslm Sus mas tga Tamazirt n Igizuln, nẓḍaṛ ad nini mas fkan i udɣar arakal yat taskta tanfgant, mayad isnamk mas d Sus tga tamazirt n Igizuln. Isnml Ɛabdlwaḥd Almuṛṛakuci tamazirt n Sus ḍaṛt ma f isawl f Mṛṛakc, inna: « Mṛṛakc ad akkʷ iggʷran ɣ tmdinin mqqurnin n Lmɣrib nna gis ittussann, d ur tlli kra n tmdint yaḍn ḍaṛat nns ittubdarn nna ɣ rad tili tɣrma, abla kra n tmdinin mẓẓinin ɣ Sus Al Aqṣa. Tlla yat tmdint mẓẓin ism as Tarudant, nna igan tamaẓunt n Sus, d nna ɣ ttmunan imzdaɣn nns (imzdaɣn n Sus zɛma) d yat tmdint mẓẓin ism as Zujundar, nna illan ɣ iggi n uẓṛf, tettuzdaɣ zdar willi swurrin ɣ usufɣ n ma illan ɣ uzara ann, amma ɣ tmazirt n Igizuln, yat tmdint igan tamaẓunt nnsn tga s yism Lkest. Ɣ tmazirt n Lmṭa, yat tmdint yaḍn ism as ɣd nttat Lmṭa, timdinin ad llant ḍaṛat n Mṛṛakc, s ma iẓlin s Tarudant d Zujundar, kcmɣ sisnt d ssnɣ tnt, is akkʷ sul ssnɣ inmudda d itjjarn d wiyyaḍ, slawant akkʷ tmdint n yizaran ittussann ddu yism n Zujundar, amma tmdint n Igizuln d tin Lmṭa, middn n idɣarn ann ka d tnt ittkkan. »
Timdinin mẓẓinin ittubdarn zdar Almuṛṛakuci zɣ Tarudant ar Lmṭa ttussann ɣassa ddu yism n Sus, acku inna : « Timdinin timẓyanin n Sus Al Aqṣa, ɣ tilawt, Al Yaɛqubi ɣ tasut tiss IX iskr ɣ Sus Al Aqṣa d tamdint zun d ukan tmdinin n Tamdult d Masst. Kkant tt inn tmdinin ad zɣ tmdinin tixatarin n Sus. Nniɣ: Amma Tamdult, ur sul tsul ɣassa, d Masst nttat tsul da ttimɣur. Dɣya siɣ isbuɣla Al Yaɛqubi tannayt nns inna: " d Sus tlla ɣ ḍaṛat n udrar n Drn, ad t igan d Waṭlas Mqqurn, d ar itthyyu ɣ Nul Lmṭa ɣ d ttbddu tmnaḍt taṣḥrawit ». Ayad irwas tannayt n Al Bakri ɣ tasut tiss XI, lli ittglamn Sus s tmnaḍt illan ḍaṛat n udrar n Drn bac ad thyyu ɣ Nul Lmṭa, nna ɣ tbddu tnzruft. thumb|239x239px|Tiqbilin tisusiyin ɣ uzmz n Aḥmad Almanṣur Addahbi ɣ 1580Ibn Xaldun ntta ar ittglam Sus Al Aqṣa am kullu ma illan ḍaṛat n Mṛṛakc, nna ɣ tlla Trudant d Ifran d ar tthyyu ɣ ugmmuḍ ɣ unafar n Dṛɛa, ar gis izray asif n Sus ar yill. Asnml ad ad bahra nttafa ɣ uzmz n imariniyn am adɣar n twalit n irgayn, Imariniyn nttni yadlli bḍan Lmɣrib f smmust tmnaḍin n twalit n irgayn. Tawalit ad ad nttafa ula ɣ uzmz asɛdi. Sin isugam ad ittsddidn i usnml ad; amzwaru iga t Aglam n Tfriqt, nna ɣ ittinni bab nns Ḥasan Al Wazzan: « Rad salaɣ ɣilad tasga n Sus, lli illan ḍaṛat n Waṭlas, ɣ iffus, mnid n tmazirt n Iḥaḥan, ifttun ɣ tagut zɣ yill, d itthyyun ɣ iffus ɣ umlal n tnzruft, ɣ iẓẓlmḍ llan idrarn n Waṭlas. Ɣ ugmmuḍ, ar uɣbalu n wasif n Sus, nna ɣ d tiwi tsga ad ism nns ». S ma iẓlin s usagm wiss sin: Asggaz n twalit n irgayn n Aḥmad Almanṣur Addahbi, ittussann ddu yism n « Diwan n tqbilin n Sus », ar gis nttafa ismawn n tqbilin tisusiyin ittussan ɣ uzmz ann. Ittusmras ism n "Sus" bac ad sis snamkn adɣar ittusnmln s isugam nna nbdr zɣ tuddma n uzmz aɛalawi ar ɣassa, ad t igan d udɣar illan ḍaṛat n Waṭlas Mqqurn ɣ iffus ar tnzruft d zɣ yill aṭlanti ar asif n Dṛɛa ɣ ugmmuḍ.
Ɣ udlis n Sus Al Ɛalima n bab nns Muḥmmad Lmuxtar Asusi, ar ittsnml Sus ɣmk ad: « [...] Ar nttɛni s Sus aylli illan gr waddarn n iffus n Drn ar tnzruft, zɣ Wad Nun d tqbilin nns Tkna d Rakaybat d wiyyaḍ ar tsgiwin n Ṭaṭa d Sktana. »
Amzruy
Yan ccarij nna ɣ llan kigan d waman ad iskrn ɣ Sus yat zɣ tsgiwin lli akkʷ iblsn ɣ tgldit n Lmɣrib tasutin f tasutin ayad. Ittussan ɣ mad idrusn zɣ tasut tis yat d mrawt s tadlsa nns d usifḍ n sskkʷaṛ. Azmz n wurɣ n tmazirt n Sus tlla ɣ jwayh n tasut tis sa d mraw ɣ uzmz n tagldit n Taẓrwalt, tkka tt inn ɣ uzmz ann tga tmazirt n Sus yat tmazirt istaqlan s yixf nns d tstaɣlla ɣ akud ann tasbbabt n wassay aṣḥrawi n wurɣ d uznz n sskkar i isbbabn ibrṭqqizn, ihulanḍiyn d inglizn. Ammas n tsbbabt n bṛṛa ɣ akud ann ikka tt inn ɣ Ugadir, yat tamdint illan ɣ iggi wasif n sus s kra n 10 id kilomitr.
Tutlayt
Tettusawal Tclḥiyt ɣ Sus, Iḥaḥan, Lḥuz n Mrrakc d kra n tsggʷin yaḍnin asn d iwalan. Tumẓ tutlayt taclḥit zɣ Taṣṣurt ɣ ugafa ar Aglmim ɣ unẓul ar Warzazat ɣ ugmuḍ. Mac ar tin ntafa tlla ula ɣ timdinin mqqurnin n lmɣrib zun d Tigmmi Tumlilt, d Rṛbaṭ d Sla.
Taclḥit kcmn tt iwaliwn n taɛrabt mac nttat ad igan tutlayt tamaziɣt nna idrus is as kcmt iwaliwn iɛrabn, urd zun d taqbaylit d tarifit d tutlayin timaziɣin yaḍnin ..., nẓḍar ad nini mas d nttat ad igan tutlayt tamaziɣt nna akkʷ iṭṭafn uṭṭun imqqurn n iwaliwn iẓuran ɣ tmaziɣt, zun d amdya d izwiln nna illan sul ɣ wawal aclḥi ar ɣassa. Ɣayn ad yujjan tutlayin timaziɣin yaḍnin atn usin zɣ taclḥit afad ad tn skcmn s wawal nsn.
Imzdaɣ
thumb|Agadir, tamdint akk imqqurn ɣ Sus Ayt sus gan yan ugdud zɣ igdudn iclḥiyn imaziɣn.
Timdinin tisusiyin
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Tiqbilin tisusiyin
</Div>
Isaɣuln
Taggayt:Sus
Tarakalt n ufgan
Tga trakalt n ufgan yan iẓli n trakalt isalan tazrawt n medden d tegrawin-nnsen, idelsen-nnsen, tidemsiwin-nnsen, d imyaggaten-nnsen d twennaḍt.
Tarakal
thumb|upright=1.2|[[Vermeer, Amrakal, 1669, ittyḥba ukan sul ɣ 'Städelsches Kunstinstitut', ɣ frankfurt]]. Tarakal zund ɣiklli t mma w-assaɣ ns tga Tamassant li icnubcn f luḍa n wakal. Ar tsawal tcnubbc, tawid fkullu maymusn d maykgan d ma ittuskarn ɣ luḍa nwakal s idrarn nes, izaɣarn, issafn, timdinin, d iduran nes d kullu immussutn li gisn, d fllasn ittuyskarn. Ar nttin stutlayin yaḍnin zun tafransist "La géographie" (tuckad z tagrekiyt γεια, "Terre", d γραφειν, "mel" niɣd "krrej matzrit")
Taggayin n tarakal
Taggayt:Tarakal
Asnful n Nyuṭun
thumb|Tannayt f mamnk asa itgga usɣlu n kra n usnful. Tga tanfalit n usnful n Nyuṭun yat tanfalit tusnakt iskr tt umusnak imqqurn Isḥaq Nyuṭun fad ad yaf usbuɣlu n kraygat taẓḍurt n kra n usnful. Tṭṭaf ismawn yaḍna zun d tanfalit n usnful nɣ tanfalit n Nyuṭun.
Mad tettini
Iɣ gan x d y sin ifrdisn n kra n uzbg (s umdya sin imḍanen ilawn nɣ ismlaln, sin igtfuln, sin isiruwn imkkuẓn nna dar illa nafs tiddi, atg.) nna ɣ tlla tasunflt (ad t-igan mas-d xy = yx — s umdya i isiruwn : y iga-tt isiruw n tulut) s ɣikk ad, i kraygat n amḍan ummid agaman, nṭṭaf : , Ma ɣ imḍann
(kra n twal ar tt nttara ula C_n^k) gan imuskirn isnfal, « ! » ɛnan sis uskir d x^{0} afrdis-tiggt n uzbg.
S usnfl ɣ tanfalit y s -y, ar nttafa:
Imdyatn:
Tummla
Nẓḍar ad nsml tanfalit ad s tinawt n ullus.
Tummla nɣ taflalit igan tamakazt uggar ar tswurri s usfki n imuskirn isnfal mas iga umḍan n tifulin n k ifrdisn ɣ yat tagrumma nna ɣ illa n ifrdisn. Kudnna nsbuɣla tanfalit
Tummla s ullus
Ar nsiggil ad nml masd tanfalit ad n tṣḥa s tinawt n ullus  d  s ab=ba (maɣ \mathbb{A} iga uzbg mknna ira igt)
Tazwart
Iɣ n = 0
(a+b)^0 = 1
Tazwart n tanfalit tṣḥa
Taɣaldt
Rad nɣal mas tanfalit ad tṣḥa ar twala n n
Ad nsrs p = k+1
Amsgra
S tifadiwin lli nfka i a d b, tanfalit tṣḥa i.
Asmata
Nẓḍar ad nals i usbuɣlu s ullus fad ad nml tanfalit n Laybniz i tazllumt tis-n n kra n ufaris.
Taɣarast tamsuddst n tawlawalt ad aɣ yujjan ad nskr asmata n tulut agtful
s
,
Nẓḍar ula ad nskr asmata n tanfalit ad s timrniyin n m irman ismlaln lan yat tuẓḍurt tummidt n
d s imksanen ur gin ummidn nɣ gan ummidn izdrn.
Isaɣuln
==
Tinidlisn d izdayn
(en)  J. L. Coolidge, « The Story of the Binomial Theorem », ''Amer. Math. Monthly'', vol. 56, no 3,‎ 1949, p. 147-157 (JSTOR 2305028, Ɣr ɣ wanṭirnit)
(en)  Graham, Ronald; Knuth, Donald; Patashnik, Oren (1994). "(5) Binomial Coefficients". Concrete Mathematics (2nd ed.). Addison Wesley. pp. 153–256. ISBN 978-0-201-55802-9. OCLC 17649857.
Tafrawt (ismawn mrwasnin)
Llan Sin imgradn s ddu yism ad n Tafrawt :
Asnful n Nyuṭun
Tinidlisn d izdayn
(en)  Solomentsev, E.D. (2001) [1994], " Newton binomial ",, Encyclopedia of Mathematics, EMS Press
Tiguriwin
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Imawaln
Amawal umniḍ DGLAi n Asinag Agldan n Tussna Tamaziɣt, s kraḍ tutlayin (tamaziɣt tatrart tamɣribit - tafransist - taɛrabt) [Alink nns ]
Timdinin n Lmɣrib
Iɣrman niɣ d Timdinin timqranin n Umrruk d Iḍuwwarn ttuyssanin gan tn:
A
thumb|[[Agadir]] thumb|[[Al Hoceïma]] thumb|[[Amizmiz]] thumb|[[Azemmour (médina)]] thumb|[[Azrou (Maroc)|Azrou (collège)]]
B
thumb|[[Beni Mellal]] thumb|[[Boujdour (l'entrée)]] thumb|[[Boulemane]] thumb|Boulemane Dadès
C
thumb|[[Casablanca (vue satellite)]]
D
thumb|[[Dakhla]]
E
thumb|[[El Jadida (forteresse de Mazagan)]] thumb|[[Essaouira (remparts de la médina)]]
F
thumb|[[Fès (centre-ville)]]
G
thumb|[[Guercif]]
H
thumb|[[Harhoura (une de ses plages)]]
I
thumb|[[Inezgane (gare routière)]]
J
thumb|Jebha
K
thumb|[[Kalaat M'Gouna]] thumb|[[Khenifra]]
L
thumb|[[Larache]]
M
thumb|[[Marrakech (Jamaa El Fna)]] thumb|[[M'Diq]] thumb|[[Moulay Driss Zerhoun]]
N
thumb|[[Nador (Maroc)|Nador]]
O
thumb|[[Ouarzazate]] thumb|[[Oujda (quartier moderne)]] thumb|[[Oulmès]]
R
thumb|[[Rabat (vue satellite ; Rabat étant à gauche de l'oued Bouregreg et Salé à droite)]]
S
thumb|[[Safi]] thumb|[[Salé (vue depuis Rabat)]] thumb|[[Séfrou]]
thumb|[[Skoura]]
T
thumb|[[Tanger]] thumb|[[Taourirt]] thumb|[[Tarfaya (vue depuis la mer)]] thumb|[[Taroudannt (muraille almoravide)]] thumb|[[Taza]] thumb|[[Tétouan (palais royal)]]
Z
thumb|[[Zagora (Maroc)|Zagora (l'entrée)]]
Taggayt:Timdinin n Lmɣrib
Tafrawt (n waman)
Tafrawt tga yan udɣar ittyabnan ar gis smunn middn aman n unẓar, baca ad srsn ssun akal nnsn.
Hafssa Da
Taggayt:Aẓawan Taggayt:Taẓuṛi
Assaɣ
Assaɣ tga yat tguri ilan Kraḍ inumak :
Anamk wis-sin
Taggayt:Tutlayt
Gʷ (Askkil)
Gʷ (/jag/) iga yan uskkil amaziɣ, iga sg wanaw n uffayn. nzzḍar a nisan kigan f uskkil ad sg uskkil yaḍni G (Askkil), acku sin ad iskkiln nmalan g imsli ula g tirra.
ʷ : Tamatart n ussuff
Tamatart ad ar tt nttrnu i kigan n iskkiln bac atn nssuff (ad gn uffayn), zund ukan : K, G
Tiwlafin :
<gallery mode="packed" heights="160"> Foggara 01.jpg|Targʷa </Gallery>
Imil Zula
Iga Imil Zula (s tfṛansist: Émile Zola) yan umara d unɣmas afransis. Ilul ɣ Bariz ɣ 1840, immt gis ɣ 1902. Iga anggal afransis akkʷ ittyussann, nna mi bahra ttyawfsarnt twuriwin-nns.
Idlisn d tiwuriwin yaḍnin
-{
}-
Isaɣulen
-{ }-
Taggayt:ⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⴰ
Tafrawt
Tga Tafrawt (s tifinaɣ: ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴰⵡⵜ) yat tiɣrmt imẓẓyn illan ɣ tsga n Sus-Masst gr idrarn n waṭlas mẓẓiyn ɣ Lmɣrib. Taggug s 180 km f tiɣrmt n Ugadir tamaẓunt n Sus. Zdɣn-tt wazal n 10,000 n imzdaɣ, tugt nnsn gan imaziɣn iclḥiyn ar sawaln taclḥit.
Asnmkta
Ar ittini usiḍn lli ittyuskarn ɣ usggʷas n 2014 maya :
Ɣayli sis izdin
Taggayt:Sus Taggayt:Timdinin n Lmɣrib
Big Buck Bunny
thumb|big bak baniy thumb|baniy Big Buck Bunny (big Buck bunny s tanglizt) iga asaru n usmusu s amssuds n bu kṛaḍ uggugn s Blender itfsr ɣ usggwas n 2008 ɣ mmirikan tfrst timskirt n blandr d iga zund asaru n Tawargit n ilwan.
Asaru n Big Buck Bunny
thumb|Asaru n big bak baniy
Tiwlafin zɣ asaru
Taggayt:Asaru
Hulanḍa
Tga Hulanḍa (Nederlands s thulanḍiyt) yat tmazirt illan ɣ urubba. ism nns unṣib iga t tagldit n hulanḍa (Koninkrijk der Nederlanden s thulanḍiyt). tamaẓunt nns iga tt amstrdam.
Ass agraɣlan n tutlayt taymmat
Ass agraɣlan n tutlayt taymmat (s tanglizt: International Mother Language Day) iga yat tafugla nna ittilin kraygat asggwas ɣ tmizar kullutn n umaḍal fad ad nftaxr d ad yili afrra s ttanawwuɛ amsnils d adlsan d tutlayin. Iga-d 21 fibrayr ass agraɣlan n tutlayt taymmat, ittuyskar s twalt izwarn s ifassn n tamaddast YUNISKU ɣ 17 nuwanbir n usggwas n 1999, zɣ ɣakudann as ittuyqrrar s yat tɣarast igan tamaddudt s ifassn n tamsmunt tamatut n iɣlann imunn, d ittuyqrrar ad ɛdln yan usggwas agraɣlan n tutlayin ɣ usggwas n 2008.
Sfuglan middn s twalt izwarn s wass agraɣlan n tutlayt taymmat ɣ usggwas n 2000, fad ad isnrni d usdus tlwit d tuggta n tutlayin ɣ yakk idggan n umadal d taggaẓt aladɣa tutlayin n tdrsiyin.
Awal f wass ad
Asgass n 2008 tgat ONU d asgass amaḍlan n tutlayin, bac ad tini i mdnn ad mmaɣn, ḥbun tutlayin n umaḍal. Tisdawin tikatalanin rant ad awsnt bac ad ssnt tsdawin yaḍnin tafuyt n uḥbbu n tmnawat talsant. Ɣ umaḍal, illa gis gr 4000 d 6000 n tutlayt, da tinin imassan, 50% zgisnt ẓḍaṛnt ad mmtnt g myya n usggas ad yaddun, 96% zgisnt da tnt sawaln 4% n mmdn n umaḍal akkʷ. Uṭṭun n imsawaln ihmma kigan, mac ur bdda iga tamatart n tdusi n tutlayt. Icruḍn lli ittajjan tudrt n tutlayt nbuttln igutn. Imun gis umyawas n tmrsal, taḍulli n tutlayt ɣ ubaraz admsan n tmazirt d usxdm n imassn n umyawaḍ imatuyn d usḥussu n imsawln s tkdit i tutlayt nnsn d watig lli darsn illan zun d akbab (tamatart) n tmagit nnsn d zund imzzarun imzwarutn. Amzraw nna dar anzgum n tutlayin da yakka atig i mddn, ur da issutr ad yilin g ddu. Da yakka atig i tmanawt, acku iga adrfi issn maf tadrfi tsnamk ad ur ttut ma nga. Da yakka atig i tussna, acku da t-tgga adrfi d ufgan uggar. Amzraw lli dar anzgum n tutlayin da iẓrra tayafut n tɣawsiswin, issn s tyafut n wawal d tutlayin, issn s watig n tmnawt talsant d tin tusna.
Asuɣl n umsawal
Asuɣl n wawal (captioning s tnglizt) iga t asuɣl n aḍṛiṣ nɣd asinaryu n umsawal nɣd aɣfawal ɣ isura d ɣ isaysn atlfaz d ɣ tisurar n afidyu nɣd ma tn irwasn, d ar ittili assuɣl ɣ ugzzum n izddar n amiẓaṛ. Ar ittaws f tawssant n tutlayin yaḍnin. thumb|tasga da ɣa ittili bahra assuɣl n umsawal
Asuɣl n wawal s tmaziɣt
thumb|Tamatart n uburz n usuɣl n umsawal Taggayt:Asuɣl
Asɣiws
Asɣiws : programmation
Timrslt n Wikimidya
Timrslt n Wikimidya (s Taseɣint : مؤسسة ويكيميديا,s Tanglizt : Wikimedia fondation ) tga yat timrslt imqqurn iswwrayn g iger n tussna tagrɣlant, tlla timrslt n Wikimidya g tmazirt n Marikan, tlul timrslt ad g usggas n 2001.
Taguri n usnubbg g usmel n timrslt n Wikimidya s Taclḥit :
right|180x180px|Timrslt n Wikimidya Brrk dar Tmsdalt Wikimidya!
Isaɣuln
Taggayt:Tussna
Bilaṛuṣ
Bilaṛuṣ ism unṣib-ns "Tagdudant n Bilaṛuṣ" niɣd Russ Tumlilt tlla ɣ uflla n Urupa tama-n Rruss.
Hrru
Hrru iga yan yism amaziɣ n tmɣart. yan ɣ yismawn iqburn lli sul illan ɣ tsggʷin n idrarn n Atlas d tsga n Sus dar Idawtanan. Mac ismawn ad lli igan imaziɣn sul fllasn ẓẓyyar ɣ tmizar n tfrikt n ugafay. Ar nttafa ism ad dar yat tmdyazt tamqqrant, ad tt igan d Hrru n Ssi Ḥmmu lli ittuyssan s tmdyazin nns lli tt inn ikkan simẓint agllid Hassan Amzwaru.
Isaɣuln
Taggayt:Ussaɣn imaziɣn
Aksil
thumb|270x270px|Yat tawlaft n Aksil Aksil (, s tlatint: Caecilius, gan as w-aεrabn ɣ idlisn nnsn : كسيلة ) iga yan ugllid amaziɣ d amɣar n taqbilt n Awraba, Illul ɣ tiɣrmt n Txncelt ɣ tmazirt n Dzayer, yenbeḍ yat tgeldit tamaziɣt yellan ɣ Tunes d utaram n Dzayer. Yezga-d wakal nnes zɣ Wahran d Tlemsan ɣ utaram ar tiɣremt n Qayrawan ɣ ugmuḍ. Ittuyssan baḥra ɣ tizi n ukccum n waεrabn s Tafriqt n ugafa niɣd Tamazɣa. Ig s tajdt tamasiḥiyt lli rad ifl bac ad ikcm s Lislam. Mac rad immiqqir d yan uxatar n w-aεrabn Ɛuqba Bnu Nafiε lli rad t isimẓi izzugz ɣ watig nns lgddam n ayt dars d ixatarn yaḍn n tmazirt nns, mayad rad isgerwl tannayt nns f waεrabn ig awttas lli rad ittḥi s Lislam. Rad ilmma yaf taɣarast s tagrawla f kullu maygan aεrab wala amusml. Rad yurri s Qayrawan ikkist i w-aεrabn, mac rad immt ɣ tasbaytad lgddam n Umayyadn.
Zṛ ula
Taggayt:ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ
Tutlayin timaziɣin n waṭlas anammas agmuḍan
Asinw
Tintlayin-ad gan tin tqbilin n Ayt Ssɣruccn, Ayt Warayn, Maṛmuca, Ayt Alaham d Ayt Murɣi.
Mqqar illa unyarms gratsnt d tntlayin n tmaziɣit n waṭlas anmmas lli illan ɣ tama nnsnt, ar ttɣamant gant zzɣ twja n tutlayin tiznatiyin gint tingranin gr Trifit d Tutlayin n waṭlas.
Gr tantlayin tiznatiyin, tin Ayt Ssɣruccn d Ayt Warayn a f bahra ttyuskarnt tizrawin (-{études}-), yidrus mad ttyuskarn f tin Ayt Alaham d Maṛmuca. Tantlayin n Ayt Yub d Ayt Murɣi ur fllasnt tettyuskar awd yat.
Hungarya
Tga s yism nns unṣib Hungarya (s thungarit : Magyar Köztársaság ). Tamaẓunt-ns tgat Budabist d tutlayt tunṣibt-ns tgat thungarit. Hungarya tlla ɣ lqblt n Urupa.
Taggayt:ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵔⵢⴰ Taggayt:ⵜⵉⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ
Ɛ (Askkil)
Apsilun alatin neɣ e irẓemn iga yan usekkil n ugwmmay alatin. Ikka-d asekkil agrikiy apsilun ɛ.
Taggayt:Agʷmmay alatin
Ɛabbas Ibn Firnas
Taggayt:ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ
Amaḍal
thumb|Amaḍal Amaḍal (s tɛrabt: العالم, s tfransist: le monde) assaɣ ad as itussan atri n akal nɣ kawkab l'arḍ s tɛrabt, ar isdullu f tugt n tɣawsiwin zund amzruy d tamagit n afgan, Amaḍal waḥda a ḥ tlla tudrt n middn d imudar acku nttan a ḥ illa luksijin d waman d tignwit nɣ lɣilaf ljawwi s tɛrabt. Ar ttinin imassann awtay n umaḍal iga tt 4 kkuẓ id mlyar isggʷasn.
Amaḍal gis 6 n yigarawn : Agaraw Amlwi nɣ Pasifik, Agaraw Aṭlasi, Agaraw Ahindi, Agaraw Arkti, Agaraw Antarktik. Gis daɣ 6 n yimnẓawn : Asya, Tamrikt, Tafriqt, Uruppa, Uqyanusya d Tantarktit.
Igarawn d waman dln 70,8% zɣ tjumma (superficie) n umaḍal. Tajumma nns 510.072.000 km2 (yikilumitren imkuẓn). Gra-tsn 148.940.000 km2 ig akal (28,8%) d 361.132.000 km2 n waman. Amaḍal zdɣn-t 6,8 n yimlyaṛn n middn.
Asya
frameless|right|upright=1.5 thumb|Iẓri f Asya s satulit thumb|Karṭa n Asya
Asya tga yan umenẓaw n umaḍal.
Amawal amzyan ittawsn
Taggayt:Tarakal Taggayt:Imnẓawn
Aswami
Aswami nɣd afltas nɣd uḍu iga yan wanaw n tahriwin zzɣ tarabbut n ilgʷmaḍn istcin, d tahera n Uswami iɣ tessyafa imizi ar-tsmussu iɣzdisn n umggṛḍ nns dffir nns ar-d ttnunnet yat tagʷlimt afad ad inunnet ufltas ad mas imqqur uggar n uncek lli ila. Algʷmaḍ n uswami dars snat tiɣarasin iɣ ira ad iswwuri s ustci nns, kra gisn ar ittqqes d ar ittbbi ungis nns s iɣban nns istcin illan ɣ tzzwart n ugjay n uflla, d kra n ifltasn yaḍni smmdn f mayan mas iẓḍar ad ittnzaɣ astci nns ɣ walln n ungis nns nɣd wanna flaas igan imizi, anaw ad iɣban nns ṭṭafen yat tewila ar as takka ad yeẓḍar ad inzaɣ astci nns iɣ isiwrri agayyu nns s ḍarat, d wanawn-ad iẓḍaṛn ad nzɣn astci nnsn gantn: sin wanawn n uḍu iddrn ɣ Tafṛiqt, d yan wanaw iddrn ɣ agmmuḍ n Lhnd, d ur a yeskar walu i wefgan abla iɣ ikcm s walln nns, d ar tn bahra izwiẓẓi, d iẓdaṛ ad akkʷ ibukḍ iɣ ur tn-t issird dɣya, d iẓḍaṛ ad akkʷ ilkm tamtant iɣ zrin kra n tsragin urta issird alln nns. Ar tlkkm tiɣzi n ufltas ahindi kra n sin id mitru, d akʷlu nns iga aqhwi ijhdn, d ḍaṛat n ugayyu nns tlla gis yat tmatart trwas tismaqqalin. Ar cettan iswamen kigan n imudar zund igʷra d islman d igḍaḍ d kigan n wanawn n imsṭṭḍn imẓẓin zund iɣrdayn ... Iga wekṛḍmmuc yan unṭlib imizin n uswami, acku s udraf nns d tixntalin nns ar ittanef i tebbayt n uswami ar kiɣ t issṛmi yakʷi fllas iccet. ar ittddr uswami nɣd uḍu nɣd afltas ɣ Tafṛiqt d iffus n Asya, d tegzirin tigʷmḍanin n Lhnd d ula tigzirin n Lfilipin, amma tahra n uswami agllid ad igan anaw i kullu imqquṛn ɣ uswami ɣ umḍal kullu t, d ar ttddr ɣ iffus agʷmḍan n Asya, d tega ula anaw i kullu imqquṛn ɣ ilgʷmaḍn istcin, d ar tlkkm tiɣzi nns 5 n id mitru.
Tiɣbula :
Taggayt:Amudr Taggayt:Imudar
Tartit
Kigan n isggʷasn ayad ẓẓiḍrn imucaɣ i uzzaglu n Iwankn ttuskarnin dffir ufuɣ n Fransa d tmmara n uɣni d irafan mdin s tijli d ufuḍ. Mk ann af darsn iga uẓawan, amarg d udmawn yaḍn n idls tiɣarasin mas ttettun azmz mlin is sul llan, imiɣn ad ilin, ẓẓiḍṛn i umrdukku d timjiwcin n izmaz. Gr tuggt n truba n uzawan lli d iluln zɣ uguns n imuttitn n tmtti tamucaɣt, tlla trabbut n tmɣarin Tartit (tarabbut ad lliɣ akkʷ llant snat tmɣarin, llan gis sin irgazn ar ttamẓn tigiṭarin). Tartit igan nman s tmaziɣt taclḥiyt gant akkʷ tilli tt iskrn ist Mali, timucaɣin izdɣn ɣ tmazirt mi aqqran Awank n Mali. Tarabbut ad, llid issiktayn afsaw n tniri d izlulla n takat ifdaddrn ɣ tama n imizar ittmuttuyn zun d tigudiyin n umlal d tnana n imẓaḍn ittnunuyn s tgudî n iman d tizi d tlluna tssrɣa tafukt n wass, ar tsmun gr taysi d utrar, gr tnana n idinann n imzâd d win ugiṭar, tettyawssan s tsfift nns izwar lli tskr ɣ Bamako Ichichila, urta d tssufɣ tasfifft nns tanggarut (ɣr trar d).
Mk lli tsman gr umarg d tɣnsa, iɣ nssn mas mmaɣnt kigan d tmslayin n trabbut ad f tnflit n tmɣart tamucaɣt (zêr tadiwnnit illan d tsfift tamzwarut n trabbut ad).
Izdayn n brra
Taggayt:Aẓawan
Tamɣra
thumb|Isli d tislit ɣ tmɣra nnsn Tamɣra tga yat tafugla nna d skarn middn fad ad slkmn i wiyyaḍ mas sin id ufgan afrux d tafruxt nɣ argaz d tmɣarn munn d ingratsn d is tahln
Tga tmeɣra asatur lli izdin nger snat tferkiwin ɣ tudert n ufgan. tamezwarut illa gis yan d ayeddars ur fellas tella kraygat tamasayt, iɣ izeri s tiss snat tferkiwin ar fellas ttili tmasayt ad isker tawja nes lli sers iẓelin.
Iɣ nessen mas-dd kraygat afgan dars taɣarast nes lli sa izzeray tamɣra, afgan amaziɣ ula nettan dars mennawt tmyurin ar tent iskar ɣ ussan n tmeɣra.
Iɣ nera ad-nn nagg s tmeyurin ad, ira-dd nasi s umdeya « Tamɣra ɣ Ict » yan uḍewwar ɣ iḍuran n iffus n Lmɣrib lli sul yumeẓn tawessna tamaziɣt ɣ iẓuan.
Ira-d nebder tiferkiwin lli sa tezray tmeɣra ɣ Ict zɣ iɣ tessenti ar iɣ teheyya.
Assiggel
Iɣ ilkem ufrux tizi maɣ iskar tamɣart  ar dids ttejmmaɛen ayeddars mas-t-id iqan ad-nn isiggel. ar-d ttemcackan ilemma f  tafruxt lli ra-nn ssiggeln, ɣ tugett tameɣart ad istayn i yiwis tafruxt lli tera acku nettat ad issen istis n tmazirt uggar n irgazen.
Ar teddan ayeddars n uɛezri s dar midden lli stin ad-nn darsen siggiln ssutern asen tafruxt i yiwitsen. iɣ ur-ta asen-d ruren hann ar-d tturrin s tgemmi ar-d ten-id ilkem urur nsen. Iɣ asen ruren f useqsi nesen ɣ akud ann nit hann ar ttebbin ajmuɛ f wass n tzgawt.
ɣ ussiggel drus ma-dd ittawin ineɣmisen ɣ ayt tmazirt is illa acku ar ittuwhdi. ar kiɣ ssenn midden is tella tzgawet
Tazgawt
Iɣ ilkem wass lli f-d mcuckan idulan, ar ttawin ayt uɛzeri i ayt tfruxt tazgawt ɣ llanet mennawt tɣawesiwin: snat tyyigiwin n idukan, lḥenna, tamleḥaft, adɣar, tifyyi ɣ uferaw, snat telbettatin n zzit, sin leqwalib n ssekkar...mayad illa zikk ɣil-ad ar-nn akkan gigan n tɣawsiwin lli sul ur tusi tzgawt ɣ llan ihdumen itraren, urẓiyen... yili mad-nn yakkan idrimen ɣ umeras n tɣawsiwin ad.
Ar sebrraken ayddares n uɛzeri s iḍulan nsen s tgella n usengar ɣ mayad izerin ɣil ad is asen akk sekaren tiremt.
Iɣ zerin mennaw ussan ar-d swwirrayen ayddares n ufrux tazgawt i ayt tfruxt  ar-d gis ittili : tiluza, tiglay newanin, ṭajin inewan. yili ɣil-ad mad yaqeran i midden n tmazirt ad dares cin iɣ as-d twirri tzgawt.
Ukan iɣ-d nucka ad nzer tazgawt ad mad tga ar-tt-inn nettafa is tga abrih n usigel, acku ar-d ttawin ayt tmazirt ineɣmisen mas illa usiggel.
Ifif
Iɣ agren krad ussan i tmeɣra ad tessenti ar attan ayt isli ula ayt tslit tumẓin d irreden ɣusnin fadd ad asen-ten-id ẓḍin ɣ izergan nsen fadd ilemma ad yafuf. ar daɣ ttawsen i bab n tmeɣra ad-d yagwem aman izdem-d.
Mayad ar aɣ immala tamunt d twisi nger ayt tmazirt ɣ tmukrisin nsen.
Mac ɣil-ad lli ɣa nezzant tɣawsiwin ur sul seɣawsan midden s mad skaren tafreka ad ura sul ttuwskir.
Izid
Ar-nn ttmunnt tmɣarin tazedwit dar ayt tslit ar segudiyent ṭumẓin lli-d didsnet ttawint, gint tarragt i tslit, salant ilemma ar ẓẓadent tujjut lli ra-d-nn yili ɣ lqimet (atig). ɣ yat tizi ar-d ttackanet kra n tmɣarin zɣ tigemmi n ayt isli fadd ad-d zenizwint agudi lli n ṭmẓin, fadd ad xayrant isett tslit ula nettenti ad ddunt ad-nn rwint tin ayt isli ɣ tgemmi nsen.
Zzennan
Tazdwit ann nit iɣ salant tmɣarin iẓiḍ, irgazen ar qerusn i tixsi lli rad cin midden ɣ tmɣera. ar skaren ilemma zzennan ar aqeran i mennaw midden ɣ tmazirt s dar wazdwit neɣ imensi fadd ad-t cin. ukan ẓerin nit willi rad yawes azekka ad fkin i midden ad cin.
Dar ayt isli ar ittili zzennan tazdwit n wass lli-ɣa cettan midden dar ayt tslit.
Ass n tmɣra
Ass ad ar cettan midden dar ayt tslit. ar-nn ttizwiren ttelba, zikk iɣ-d tugga tafukt, ar aqeran ttefriq (leqran) ad ssufɣen sselukt, cin tiremt ffuɣn. fadd ilemma ad-nn kecimn irgazen lli-nn yagurn.
Tazdwit  tga tin tmɣarin lli cettanin ar kiɣ ḍernt tillas. tizi ad nit lli ɣa cettant tmɣarin ar-nn ttackant tmɣarin yaḍnin zɣ tigemmi n ayt isli mmiqirent d tilli ɣin illan ad skernt icumac.
Icumac
Tizi iɣ-d uckant isett icumac ar-d ttawint tazgawt lli ɣa ittili : talfeṭṭert n lḥenna, tara, tawserɣint, zzeAferan, ttswik, ṭimctt, lemri, lbexur. iɣ-nn lkemnt ar cettant ibriyen.
Ar ttgiwirnt skernt ahwac n icumac s tallɣatin n umarg. iɣ kkanent imikk ar-d tteffuɣent snat gisent yat tga zɣ tawja n isli tayyaḍ zɣ tin tslit ar tthucent ɣ tuzzumt n tmɣarin ad ukan kkint kra ar netternt s ufus afasi s ufella ad zerent manta rad yattuy f xta-nn yaḍen.
Iɣ-d nitti s iwaliwen n tallɣat  lli ttinint ar neẓrra mas-dd amarg ur injim i ikenasen lli llanin nger iḍuran n sus lli bḍanin f snat trubba mequrnin tagizult d tahggat. mayad afa-nn nettafa isett Ict ar ttalɣent inemɣuren n tgizult ( ubrahim, Id buɛecra, utmanart…) acku Ict ula nettan iga ɣ tgizult.
Iɣ heyyant icumac ar tteggant tmɣarin aɣrum ɣ tzegawt rarnt-stt s tgemmi n ayt isli. ɣ yiḍ n wass ann iɣ illa uḥwac n irgazen dar ayt tslit, ar skarent tmɣarin lḥenna n twenza lliɣ ann ttemiqirent tutmin dar tslit aḍernt  lḥenna ar-t tteggant i twenziwin nsent. iɣ heyyant sseneggefent tislit.
Wiss sin ussan
Ar ttili ɣ ass-ann tiremt dar ayt isli, zund ɣik lli s can dar ayt tslit
Azeggir
Tazdwit iɣa cettant tmɣarin, ar-nn ttmunan irgazen dar ayt tslit fadd ad zzegern tislit. ar ittegiwir unezzarfu (lɛadel) lli ra-d yara akaras (lkiɣḍ n nnikaḥ) yili ɣ tama nes amezza (lukil) n isli d win tslit. fadd ad ẓrin atig (leqimt) lli rad fekin ayddars n tslit i illitsen ad-stt  tawi s tgemmi nes ar ẓerran tiɣawsiwin lli gis llanin yat s yat kuyat gin as atig nes fadd ilemma ad tnet izemmim unezzarfu ɣ yat tifert lli ittemunan d ukaras. tiɣawsiwin ad ar gis ttilint tujjutin, aman jjanin, ihdumen, idukan, iqcucen…
Iɣ iheyya uzeggir ar ttasin ayt isli atig fadd ad-t awin s uḥanu n tslit ɣ tgemmi nes tamaynut.
Rrwaḥ
Zɣ iɣ tessenti tmeɣra ar teḥḍḍu tslit ɣ tgemmi ur att zerrant amer tmɣarin lli rad as iḥiyyel. ɣ tsga yann yaḍnin isli ula nettan iqant-id add bahra ur itteffuɣ, ar istay mennaw imeddukkal nes ad as gin islan.
Iɣ radd truḥ tslit, ar tteddunt tmɣarin zɣ dar ayt isli add-stt-id awint ɣ tgemmi n babas s tgemmi n isli, ar didsent ttawint : ssekkar, lḥenna, aḥayk, liẓar, aɛbruq, idukan.
Taneggift
Iɣ rad teffuɣ tslit ɣ tgemmi n babas ar zwar akkan ayt isli, i gmas iqariḍen fadd ad asen irẓem taggurt.
Ɣ dar isli, ar tqelen islan s tmɣarin acku nettni ar ad asen-dd irẓem, isli nettan uhu iqant-id ad-nn iḥbu ad-t ur ẓerint tmɣarin ula isawl sresnet, iɣ-nn usinet tislit. ar-tt-in srusent ɣ tɣmert fadd ad-d ffaɣent ura-nn ittagur amer tasuqiyt lli-nn teSRuf mas n tslit ad tesewwuri i illis unck lli tkka ɣ tgemmi n rrewah.
Zikk n wass, ar tteffuɣn islan munn d isli add ḥuwwsen ɣ igran ɣ tizi ad nit ar-nn kecement id mmu tgella lli-d disent ittawin mennawt tɣawsiwin zund ssekkar, atay, aman jjanin, lebxur d tgella lli rad ɣin cint.
Iɣ-d kecemn islan d isli ar tefḍarn s ṭṭajin lli asen-d tessifiḍ mas n tslit.
Azal kullut ar-d ttackan iferxan d tferxin ad-d kkin dar isli d tslit ad asen-d fkin iraman lli ɣa ittili : kawkaw, tifizza, lfanid, tilkiksin, ikiker (leḥimz)
Tazdwit n wass ann nit ar-nn ttemunent id mmu tkelma dar tslit kkisent as aɛmam fadd ad as sselsint takelma : lli igan zund aqelmun n ṭaḍutt ar -t lessant i yixef assenett s umelul (ifili n ṭaḍutt). selsent as ddewwaḥ, ixersan, timḥidit, tareddaḥt, lemcbuḥ… fadd ad ttirirnet taneggift n tkelma.
Takelma
Iɣ ḍerent tillas n wass ann ar itteddu isli d islan nes fadd ad issudem ixef n tḍeggalt nes (mas n tslit) ar as ittawi mennaw lqewalb n ssekkar ar as-d takka tafullust. ɣil ad ar as-d akkan izimmer
Tarezzift
Iɣ zerin kraḍ ussan f tmeɣra ar zzerzafn ayddares n tslit illi tsen. ar-d dar sen ttacka s tgemmi tazdwit nettat d tmɣarin lli mu ɣran ayddares. fadd ad cint wazdwit ḥucent.
Ammal uwɣaras
Iɣ izri imalas f tmeɣra ar-d daɣ aqeran ayddars n tslit i yilli tsen ann daɣ darsen tekk zund iɣ as mmalan aɣaras lli illan nger tgemmi n urgaz nes d tin ayeddares.
Isaɣuln
Taggayt:Tifugliwin Taggayt:Taɣrma
Taruct
vignette|Taruct Tga Taruct zɣ tamsgza n imrmidn. Ar ittuẓla umudr ad s kigan n isnnan imsadn zun-d win insi (bumḥnd) macc win taruct ɣzzifn uggar d tfkka ns ttugr tin insi, ar tn tswwuri afadd a ttmzaɣ f ixf nns zɣ imudar yaḍni. Tamurt ns taẓuṛant tlla ɣ Timrikiyyin, Asya, Tafriqt, Urupa. Tga tiss kṛaḍt imqqurn ɣ wanaw n imrmidn dffir n ilf n waman d wanẓiḍ n waman. Ar tlkkm tiɣzi n taruct gr 64 d 91 cm, d tiɣzi n ucṭṭab ns gr 20 d 25 cm, d ar tlkkm tiɣzi n isnnan nns gr 60 d 70 cm, d taẓḍuyt ns gr 5,4 ar 15 kg. Aklu n taruct illa ɣ udmman (awras - aqhwi) d ublbac d usggan d idrus ma ɣ ayttgga umlil.
Taruct tga zɣ imudar infradn, ar tctta ifrawn n waddagn d tuga d iẓlan d immɣayn izgzawn zun-d akrus d ɣ tagrst ar tctta tifli. D tga zɣ imudar ittmussun ɣ yiḍ (ḍyyḍ) macc kra n tikkal ar ttmussu ula ɣ taylgi afadd attcubbu s tutca ns.
Tutlayin timaziɣin n waṭlas
Tutlayin Timaziɣin n Waṭlas gant yat twja n tutlayin timaziɣin n ugafay. Tutlayin ad llant ɣ idrarn n Waṭlas ɣ Lmɣrib.
Targadda n Kuci–Cwarz
Ɣ tusnakt, Targadda nɣ tamyagart n Kuci–Scwarz (s tanglizt : Cauchy–Schwarz), tettawsan ula s yism n targadda n Cauchy–Bunyakovsky–Schwarz, tga yat targadda bahra istawhman ɣ tusnakt kullut, ar sis nswurri ɣ aljibr imzirg, taslṭ, tiẓri n tsqqart d kigan n igran yaḍni. Targadda ad issufɣt-id yan umusnak afransis iga s yism Augustin-Louis Cauchy ɣ usggwas n 1821, sliɣ yufa Viktor Bunyakovsky yat targadda trwast akk ɣ mad izdin d aɣrd ɣ usggwas n 1859, mn bɛd yufatt daɣ yan umusnak almani Hermann Amandus Schwarz ɣ usggwas n 1888.
Tutlayin timaziɣin n waṭlas
Iɣ nsawl f Tmaziɣt n Waṭlas ad tt ur tsmrkasm d Tmaziɣt n Waṭlas Anammas; tamaziɣt n waṭlas tamu gis taclḥit d tmaziɣt n Usammr dɣ nttnti. Ittugga as yism ad acku tlla ɣ idrarn n Waṭlas s kraḍ; Anammas d wa imẓẓiyn d wa imqqurn d izaɣarn d tnzrufin illan gratsn d tama nnsn.
Malṭa
thumb|Acnyal n Malṭa Tga Malṭa yat tmazirt igan tagzirt ɣ iffus n urubba. Ism nns unṣib iga t Tagduda n Malṭa (s tmalṭiyt : Repubblika ta' Malta). Tamaẓunt nns tga tt Balita (Valletta). Tutlayin nns tunṣibin gant tnt : tamalṭiyt d tnglizt. Taggug nn f tuns s 284 km. zdɣn tt 475 000 n umdan. Tga tamazirt tiss mrawt akk imẓẓyn ɣ umaḍal.
Targadda n Kuci–Cwarz
Mad tettini
maɣ iga yan ufaris agnsan. S umdya afaris agnsan gis afaris afsnan n ilawn d ismlaln. S ɣmkad, iɣ nusi aẓur uzmir-sin ɣ tsgiwin s snat, d iɣ asn nga alugn. Ar nttafa targadda ad :
Malṭa
Tarakalt
thumb|Takarḍa n Malṭa Mqqar tlla Malṭa ɣ Urupa mac tqqrb ula i Tafriqt.
Targadda n Kuci–Cwarz
Mad tettini
D yat tɣawsa yaḍn, tasgiwin s snat gaddan iɣ \mathbf{u} d \mathbf{v} gan ilelliyn imzirgn (yaɛni gan imsadaɣn).
Malṭa
Tarakalt
Ṭalyan aygan tamazirt iyudsn i Malṭa zɣ tsga n Urupa, d Tuns d Libya zɣ tsga n Tafriqt.
Targadda n Kuci–Cwarz
Mad tettini
Iɣ d  d ufaris agnsan iga afaris agnsan asmlal anaway, hann targadda tzḍar ad ttyura zund ɣikad (maɣ tirra n taɛṛṛaḍt ar sis nmmal unaftay n ismlaln): i, darnɣ
Malṭa
Tarakalt
Tamazirt ad tsuds zɣ 3 n tgzirin ituzdɣn nitni : Malṭa, Gudc d Kumuna. d tigzirin ur tuzdɣnin gan : Kumunat ,Filfila, d tgzirt n Umrabḍ bulus.
Targadda n Kuci–Cwarz
Amawal
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Malṭa
Anzwi
Anzwi n Malṭa iga anzwi n yill Agrakal tanammast n taɣlt tlla gr 12 d 26 tafsna (taskflt) silasyuz (°C), d unẓar itawḍ ar 500 ml ɣ usggwas.
Targadda n Kuci–Cwarz
Isaɣuln
Taggayt:Tusnakt Taggayt:Tussna
Tutlayin timaziɣin n waṭlas
Tamaziɣt n Waṭlas tga yan yiẓli zɣ tutlayt tamaziɣt n ugafay, tamẓ yat tjumma tasknakalt imqqurn zɣ Ṣfru ɣ ugafay ar Agʷlmim ɣ unẓul. Ar sis isawal yan wuṭṭun imqqurn n imaziɣn, ar t nttḍkaḍ s wattayn n 10 n imlyunen.
Malṭa
Imzdaɣ
Uṭṭun imzdaɣ n Malṭa iga uggar n 400 000 n middn, mac tanẓẓi n middn tmqqur tawḍ ar attayn 1200 n imzdaɣ i Km2, acku tajjuma (surface) n Malṭa tmẓẓiy, tawḍ atayn, 94% n imzdaɣ n tmazirt ad zdɣn ɣ tmdinin, d ataya n 5% n ibṛaniyn.
Tutlayin timaziɣin n waṭlas
Tutlayin timaziɣin n waṭlas gant :
Malṭa
Asgd
Tamasiḥit aygan asgd unṣib n tmazirt n Malṭa. Mac illa yan wuṭṭun imẓẓiyn n yisgdn yaḍnin.
Tutlayin timaziɣin n waṭlas
Addag n tutlayt
──o Tafrusyawit ├─o Proto-Tamaziɣt 1 (-7000) └─o Proto-Tamaziɣt 2 (-2000) ├─o Tamaziɣt n ugafa └──o Tamaziɣt n waṭlas └──o Taclḥit └──o Tamaziɣt n waṭlas anammas └──o Taznagt n Srayer └──o Taɣumarit
Malṭa
Tutlayt
Tutlayt Tamalṭit ay-gan tutlayt tunṣibt n Malṭa, nttat tga yat tutlayt tasammit(afru-azyatik) tatrart d atayn 60% zɣ tutlayt a aẓur nns d alatini d taɛrabt. Ar ttaran imalṭiyn tutlayt tamalṭit s agmmay alatin.
Ẓeṛ ula
Taggayt:Timizar n urupa
Akrwas n umaḍal n tkurt 2018
Akrwas n umaḍal n tkurt n uḍar 2018 (s trusit: Чемпионат мира по футболу FIFA 2018) tga tabrza tiss 21 zɣ tbrziwin n ukrwas n umaḍal n tkurt n uḍar iẓlin s tsḍmiwin tinamurin n irgazn, ittuskar ddu umalu n tamunt tagraɣlant n tkurt n uḍar (FIFA) ɣ tmazirt n Rusya zɣ 14 yunyu ar 15 yulyuz 2018. Tigira n taɣtst n tsdawit tagraɣlant n tkurt n uḍar (FIFA) nna ifkan izrfan n usnubg i trust ass n 2 dujanbir 2010. Iga ukrwas n umaḍal 2018 walli rad ittuskir tikklt tamzwarut ɣ uruppa tagmuḍant, d tikklt tiss yan d mrawt ɣ uruppa. Tikklt tamzwarut rad tettuga tbrza ɣ sin imnẓawn; uruppa d asya. Kullu isurar nna ɣ rad ttuskirn imnalatn llan ɣ Rusya tawruft abla yan, afad ad ur yigut wakud n umuddu zɣ tmdint s tayyaḍ. Iga umundyal n trust 2018 walli mu akk yuli watig n uḥyyl nns ɣ umzruy, ilkm uggar n 14.2 mlyar n ḍular.
Amunt ɣ tgariwin n ukrwas n umaḍal 2018 32 n tsḍmiwin tinamurin, 31 gisnt zrind ɣ tmssinfin n ukrwas n umaḍal 2018, amma tasḍma tarusit tzri s uwrman acku tga Rusya tamazirt nna ɣ izri ukrwas ad. Gr 32 n tsḍmiwin llant 20 amunt ɣ tbrza tamggarut 2014 ɣ Brazil, gisnt tasḍma talimant nna ittnzaɣn f ukrwas lli tiwi 2014, ɣ tsga yaḍn llant tsḍmiwin nna yamun ɣ tgariwin n umundyyal tikklt tamzwarut ɣ umzruy nnsnt, zund tasḍma tanamurt tabanamit d tsḍma tislandit. Ttuskarn 64 n imnalatt ɣ 12 n usuras ɣ 11 n tmdint, amnala amggaru ittyurar ɣ usurar Lujniki ɣ tmaẓunt Musku ass n 15 yulyuz 2018. Tiwi Fransa akrwas n umaḍal tigira n mayad tnra Krwatya ɣ umnala n tgira s kkuẓt n tmswitin mnid n snat.
Timdinin n isurarn
Tḥyyl Rusya sin d mraw n isurarn llan ɣ yan d mrawt n tmdinin, mrawt ɣ Rusya tawruft : Kiliningrad, Kazan, Musku, Nijni Bufugurud, Rustuf Sur Lu Fun, San Butrus Burg, Samara, Saransk, Sutci d Fulkugrad. Tamdint tamyunt ɣ Rusya tawazit tga tt Tikatrinburg kraygat tamdint s yan usurar abla Musku gis sin n isurarn.
Bḍant tmdinin ɣ llan isurarn i kkuẓt tmnaḍin :
Ass n 14 dujanbir 2012, tɣts fifa ad ittuskir umnala n unnurẓm, yan umnala n uzgn n tgira d umnala amggaru ɣ usurar Lujniki ɣ tmdint n Musku, amnala yaḍn n uzn n tgira ɣ asurar Kristufski ɣ tmdint San Butrus Burg.
Infrayn
Ɣ wass n 29 mars 2018, tfsr fifa yat tlgamt n 36 n infrayn d 63 n infrayn imawasn i ukrwas n umaḍal 2018. Infrayn ad ttustayn zɣ yat tlgamt taɣzzaft n 53 n infrayn. Yan unfray d yan unfray amawas ttwakksn ɣ tlgamt a min ad ttwasnfln. Sin infrayn imawasn nna ittawsn i unfray nna ittukkisn, ttwakksn ula nttni mac ttusnfln.
Tarabbut H
Tzri Jjappun g trabbut ad s tnqqaḍ n wurar izddign: Jjappun -4, Sinigal -6.
Isaɣuln
Taggayt:Tunnunt
Ibn Baṭṭuṭa
U Baṭuṭa nɣ Iwis n Bṭṭut (s tɛṛabt : ابن بطّوطة Ibn Baṭuṭa ) ism nns iɣzifn: Abu Ɛabd Allah Muḥammad Ibn Ɛabd Allah al-Lawati aṭ-Ṭanji Ibn Baṭṭuṭa. Iga argaz amaziɣ ilul ɣ 24 febrayer n usggas 1304 ɣ tmdint n Ṭanja d immut ɣ 1368 ( nɣd 1377 ) ɣ tmdint n Mṛṛakc.
Itawssan s umuddu ns d tmalayt ɣ tmizar n umaḍal lli ittuyssan ɣakudan. Ig Amsmuddu amzwaru lli issn umzruy n ufgan. Ar as tinin ula Amir rahala. Yut niɣt immudda s uḍar uggar n 120 000 km ɣ 29 n isggʷasn. Adar ns yuwit zɣ Tumbuktu ar iffus n Bulɣar ( ɣil Rusiya, iggi n Volga ). D zɣ Ṭanja ( ism aqbur : Tin iggi ) ar Kanzhu ɣ tmazirt n Cinwa. Arratn ns ismuntn Ibn Juzayy al-Kalbi ɣ yan udllis lli mmu ism : Tuḥfat an-Nuẓẓar fī Ghara-ib al-Amṣar wa ƐAja-ib al-Asfar ( s tirra n Taɛrabt : تحفة النظار في غرائب الأمصار وعجائب الأسفار ).
Iẓuran nns
Ɣ timẓi nns, iɣra Ibn Baṭuṭa lfiqh amaliki, lliɣ-d iskr 21 usggas ifta s lḥajj ɣ ammas n Makka ɣ tmazirt n Saɛudya.
Taggayt:Tamallayt Taggayt:Iɣatarn imaziɣn Taggayt:Amzruy
Tutlayin tiznatiyin n utaram adzayri
right|upright=1.5|thumb|Takarḍa n idɣarn imslmaziɣn ɣ Ugafa utrim n Dzayr Tutlayin tiznatiyin n utaram adzayri gant zzɣ twja n tutlayin tiznatiyin ittusawaln ɣ ugafa utrim n Dzayr, ɣ utaram n tmaẓunt Dzayr.
Tkcm tcnwint d tsnusit ɣ twja ad. Kcmnt gis tintlayin ittusawaln ɣ yinsatn imẓẓiyn zun d Blida, Mdiya, Mlyana d Warsnis (Tamaziɣt n cclif) dɣ nttnti. Uggar n aya, llant gi-s tantlayin nna yad immutn n Ɛcaca, Ayt Ḥlima d Bayta, kullu tnt ur fllasnt nṭṭif umlan imsnilsn.
Isaɣuln
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Atay
Atay n tissi
Atay n tissi, ɣiklli nna iɣa atay lli n smuna d waman, n srɣtn a rd immurzm if atay lli nssa. illa mat issan bla dis ismun yat. yili mad dis ismun cciba ulla liqamt zund ɣ tamurt n umṛṛuk. Atayad ar inwwa ɣ lbrard n watay, ittrst vad adas zaydn skkar d cciba niɣ liqamt. Illa mat issan ifssus, yilli mat bahra isnwan ar immurẓm bzzaf, zun tarwan n n tazrurft.
Timizar llid ittkka w-atay
Taggayt:ⵜⵉⵙⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ
Harun
thumb|254x254px|link=|Asmḍl n urqqas Harun Harun 9px|link=20px|link=|عليه السلام9px|link= iga anabi n rbbi, iga arraw n Ɛimran ntta d gmas Musa 9px|link=20px|link=|عليه السلام9px|link= d Maryam, ilul ɣ tmazirt n Miṣra ɣ uzmz n Ifrɛunn, tamɣart nns ism nns  Bacib, dars kkuẓ tarwa.
Ittwabdar unabi Harun 9px|link=20px|link=|عليه السلام9px|link= ɣ Lquran uggar n 20 n tikklt ɣ kigan n layat zund : Lquran yuca i Harun adɣar axatar d yan waddur imqqurn nttan d gmas anabi Musa 9px|link=20px|link=|عليه السلام9px|link=
Taggayt:Lislam
Tutlayin tisamiyin
Tutlayin tisamiyin gan yat tawja n tutlayin ittuysawaln ɣ Asya d Tafriqt. Tg ula yan iẓli n Tutlayin tifrusyawiyin.
Tawja n tutlayin ad gis kra n tutlayin nna s tuysawaln bahra ɣ umaḍal, zund taɛrabt d tutlayin akkʷ iqburn ɣ umzruy n ufgan : tutlayin tassyryanniyn (cunéiforme), taɛibrit d taramit taqburt.
Tutlayt taymmat nnsn irwas is tlul ɣ Asya.
Aẓur n yism
thumb|Tasna n yan Linjil n tasut tiss XV, s yat tutlayt tga s yism Ge'ez, yat tutlayt tasimitikt n tmazirt n [[Ityupya.|left|226x226px]]
Ism ad n " tisamiyin" nɣ "simitik" yucka d zɣ Sam, yus n Nuḥ.
Tutlayin mqqurnin
Tawja ad tsmun kigan n tutlayin mqqurnin nna d nna ɣ illa uṭṭun n imsawaln yugr 5 id mlyun, Tanna akk gisn imqqurn tga tt tutlayt taɛrabt nna iṭṭafn uggar n 450 id mlyun n imsawaln, ar nttafa ula tutlayt tamharit s yan wuṭṭun n 27 id mlyun n imsawaln, d tutlayt taɛibrit ula nttat s 8 id mlyun n imsawaln, ɛad tutlayt tigriniyt s 6,75 id mlyun n imsawaln.
Ẓṛ uggar
Taggayt:Tutlayin Taggayt:Tutlayt tasamiyt
Atbir
Atbir iga yan ugḍiḍ ittaylalen, ar ittzdaɣ g tgmma d ufgan. Ar istta aynna illan, acku adis ns imyar tamdint d imlki n ufgan.
Isaɣuln
Taggayt:Igḍaḍ
Bigʷra
Bigʷra tga yat tiɣrmt tg tamaẓunt n tmnaḍt n Actukn-Ayt Baha، ɣ tsga n Sus-Massa، ɣ tmazirt n Lmɣrib. Ilkm uṭṭun n imzdaɣn nns kra n 25.928 ɣ usiḍn n usggas 2004، amma win usggas n 2014, ilkm-d 37.933 imzdaɣn. Tzga tɣrmt n Byugra f taggugt 17 n kilumitr zɣ Ayt Mllul، d 37 km zɣ Agadir، ssutln as ɣ akk tama nns idwarn iḍfrn i tgrawt n asif n ṣṣafa.
Bigʷra s yism ad s tiggura nns illan nna s twassn tɣrmt، nna igad ɣakud-ann azamul anmazray n tɣrmt dat ad yili uhddm nnsn zɣ dat n udabu bac ad yals i ubuɣlu n tɣrmt maca adabu ynɣa taysi tadlsant d tanmzrayt n tmnaḍt ad.