cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Uddum n ifr adslan g usammr
ifsta udrar … yulla bumal
Izri
Iga Igiz nɣ Izri yan wanaw n tuga ig yan ɣ imɣan bahra ittyawssan acku nzḍaṛ at nsmurs s mnnawt tɣarasin, nzḍaṛ at nsu d watay d lqhwa nɣ akʷfay.
Uddum n ifr adslan g usammr
igllin n mass bṛahim ɛinani iga sg tɣrmt n ayt ɛbdun nna iḍfaṛn i bumaln dads tasga n tinɣiṛ,,iga mass bṛahim sg imsnawn imaziɣn nna ifkan i uswingm d urzzu xf tɣnsa tamaziɣt g lmɣrib akkʷ,slawan akkʷ lliɣ ar ittaws s tugtt g tinawin d imussutn nna  ittgga umussu amaziɣ g wayyawn nns akkʷ.
Izri
Izri iga imɣi lli itmɣayn ɣ udrar, tujjut nns nzḍar ad as nkḍu ɣ maggug.
Uddum n ifr adslan g usammr
awa tzrit aɣ
tzrit asammr
Ixatarn imaziɣn
A
400px|right
Uddum n ifr adslan g usammr
iznẓṛ ism n umɣnas igllin n ɛinani g ubrid n tɣnsa as gisnt talli igan tadslant azmz n tgrst tabrkant n 2007 g bumaln dads,lliɣ yusi anzgum n unzaɣ xf inkraf isrtann,yura tugtt n imagradn xf uyad akkʷ,gn iswingimn nns mgal n tsrtit n usitti n uzrf n imzdaɣ imadann imzwura imaiɣn. yasi tugtt n trggam sg dar inbdadn nna izziwiz uswingm nns adrfi nna igan waẓ s yat tɣarast taɣnsant iznẓṛt g usammr.
Aɣrum
vignette|Anawn n uɣṛum Aɣṛum iga yat tirmt tamatayt ittuskarn s uggurn d waman, d ila s umata tisnt. Ɣ umzruy, iga tirmt izwarn akk ɣ bahra n tmizar. Nttat ad igan tirmt akk iqburn ittuskarn s ufus n ufgan, d istuhmma bahra zɣ ussnti n uzmz n tfllaḥt. Iṭṭaf ula tiwuriwin tidlsanin yaḍn (tunnunt, timyurin... ).
Aggurn
Aggurn ar ittuxlaḍ d tuxmirt d tisnt. Tisnt (akluṛid n uṣudyum) ar ttrnu tamimt n uɣṛum d ar tssidrus tawuri n tuxmirt. Ar tswuri ula f talɣa tamatayt n uɣṛum s ussidus n uglutin. Kra n id buɣṛum ar ffaln tisnt, niɣ ar as ttggan dffir 20 n tusdidt bac ad isunfu, ɣayad ar ittaws i tawṭulizt (autolyse) n lɛjint.
Ifrdisn
thumb|Yan wanaw n uɣṛum ɣ [[Tunes|Tuns gis tmatart n taẓṛẓit d tmatart n tafust.]] Ifrdisn ucciln n uɣṛum:
Aswḍu
Aɣṛum iswḍan iga t iɣ ixmr s usinuksid n ukaṛbun. Zɣ tuẓẓumt n tasut tiss 19, ittwassn wanaw ad n uɣṛum s tɣarast n uswḍu ɣ Tgldit Imunn. Tamssurt n Uɣṛum Iswḍn (Aerated Bread Company) ad tt yadlli iskarn, tzznz gis bahra. Tbda tmssurt ad ɣ usggʷas n 1862, tbdd ɣ usggʷas n 1955.
Abrbr iga taɣarast akk iqburn n uskkir n utci. Buɣṛum iga t amskar n uɣṛum.
Ar ittwwu uɣṛum ɣ ufrnu aqbur niɣ afrnu igan win aɣṛum, niɣ tiɣarasin yaḍn (s umdya: iẓṛan rɣanin). Askkir n uɣṛum iga tawuri n buɣṛum. D buɣṛum ula nttan ar izznza aɣṛum.
Anawn yaḍnin
thumb|Yan wanaw infln n uɣṛum ism nns abazin vignette|Briyuc
Tawuri n uglutin ɣ uskkir n uɣṛum
Aglutin d ugliyadin gan iprutinn ittyafan ɣ uɣṛum. Aglutin nttan ad iskarn aẓṭṭa n uɣṛum s tɣarast n tilggʷitin usulfid. Aglutin illa bahra ɣ irdn. Ɣayad ad yujjan middn ad bahra ssmrasn irdn f tumẓin.
Ifrdisn
D ɣ kraygat wanaw illa mad ittrnun: Tiglay, Akʷfay, Askkaṛ, Tudit, Azatim.
Aɣṛum iẓḍar ad ixmr s imikrubn, niɣ s ikimitn, niɣ s uswḍu nna ittsuffun aɣṛum. Ɣ mnnawt n tmizar, aɣṛum n ugadaz ar gis ittili timrniwin nna as isnfaln aklu, tudrt, asyufu, d tɣawsiwin yaḍnin.
Anawn n uɣṛum
Iẓḍaṛ ad inaḥya uɣṛum s wanaw n uggurn lli s ittuskar niɣ adɣar lliɣ iwwa. S umdya:
Tanfalit
Iṭṭaf uɣṛum isqquln ɣ dar id buɣṛum izzulann: Agḍam n waman ɣ uɣṛum nttan ad asqqul akk istuhmman ɣ uskkir n uɣṛum, acku iṭṭaf laṭṛ f talɣa n uɣṛum. Irdn iqqurn ar issumum 62% n waman, macc irdn isdidn ɣas 56%. Tuggt n id buɣṛum ar ttggan ngr 60% d 75% n waman. 500 gram n uggurn ar yakka snat tkumirin.vignette|Tiklitin n usmuttg n uɣṛum.
Ɣ Miṣṛa
Ar nttini is ibayn uɣṛum ɣ dar imiṣṛiyn. Nttni ad yufan is iɣ tsmrkst irdn ẓḍanin s wanan n Unil ar ttuff lɛjint. Ɣ usggʷas n 300 dat n lmasiḥ, ibda uskkir n tuxmirt ɣ dar id buɣṛum insbaɣurn n Miṣṛa.
Ɣ Ṛuma
Aɣṛum ittyafan ɣ Pompay ttubḍant s tɣarast n igrikiyn f igzman.
Isaɣuln
Taggayt:Utci
Isḥaqq Nyutun
Isḥaqq Nyutun, amɣar n tdrawt tagldant (gr 1642 d 1726), iga usnak, asngam, astronomer, theologian d umara anglizi. Ittussan ɣ umaḍal mas iga ɣ inmɣurn n isunakn d isngamn d ig yan ɣ imassan mqqurnin ɣ umzruy n ufgan.
Adllis nns (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), lli itturan s tlatinit, iffuɣ-d ɣ usggʷas n 1687, iga ɣ yan n idllisn lli snflnin iẓṛi n ufgan f umaḍal, s lahwan tt akkʷ lliɣ rad gis issfal tamikanikt taklasikit.
Nyuten iskr tugt n tuwuri ɣ mad iẓlin s optics d yiws ɣ usbuɣlu n usmiḍn/lḥsab n calculus.
Ɣ Principia, Nyuten ismd Islgan n umussu d universal gravitation lli akkʷ igan ttmi n iẓṛi n imassan aylliɣ tt tzri theory of relativity lli isker Einstein.
Isaɣuln
Tasengama tazaykut Tasengama
Iwankn Munnin n Marikan
Iwankn Munnin nɣ s yism nns iɣzzifn Iwankn Munnin n Marikan, illa daɣ ma d as ittinin ɣar Marikan (s tanglizt : United States, United States of America, US, USA, America) tga yat tmazirt bahra istawhman ɣ umaḍal. Tlla tmazirt ad ɣ tamrikt n ugafa.
Tga tamazirt tazgrmnẓawt, amata n ikaln nns llan ɣ tmrikt n ugafa. Iwunak imunn dars tuskiwt tawsrtit n yat tgduda tawmnḍawt tafidiralt mm ungraw awslway yulɣn s smmumraw n iwunak, kumraw d tam gisn gan inaragn. Imggura ad, issuty asn ugaraw anaṭlas ɣ ugmuḍ d ugaraw imzgi ɣ utaram, tlla as d Kanada ɣ ugafa tili as miksiku ɣ unẓul. Iwunak nna nn illan iwr inn d Alaska illan ɣ utaram n Kanada, d haway yan warkabil d yusan ammas n ugaraw imzgi n ugafa. Tumy tmazirt ad altu ikaliwn igan tigzirin illuzzan ɣ yill n Karayib d ugaraw imzgi. Tarakalt d unzwi n tmazirt ad mawayn kigan, aynna d yuwyn yan umzaray imqqurn n imɣayn d imudar, aynna iskrn ɣ iwuak imunn yat zɣ 17 n tmizar wala imnawayn n umtiwg.
Iwankn
Taggayt:Timizar n Marikan
Ismaɛil Aygun
Ilul Ismɛil Aygun ɣ wass n 23 dujanbir 1955. Ig Şivan Perwer niɣd ɣiklli sat n ttini (cvan parwan) assaɣ ns llis ittuyssan ɣ tasga n Urfa lli illan ɣ tamazirt n turkaya. Ig Ismɛil Aygun Amdyaz d umara d unaẓur n umarg akurdi. Agdud ns iggut bahra illuzzu f tmura n turkya, Iran d timizar n urupa. Ig fella-s tugga mas ra-d ig ameksa lli ra-d irar ixef s tussna d tmagit Takurdit zeg uccanen n tillas.
Asaǧm n unaẓur
Ard ittagmŞivan Perwer ɣ ughbalu n taysi n uɣrf Akurdi, imun d tgharast n Dengbêj (Rwayes ikurdiyen) lli ittmuddun zeg uduwwar s uduwwar g tmazirt n Kurdistan; drun amareg, tallasin d uẓawan d ugdud nsen. Ar ikkat Şivan imiss n uzawan Akurdi Saz ; lli igan zuns amzad (Ribab) dar imaziɣen, ig zund asaz (Saz) dar ikurdiyen, d llid igan s tazdayt n Iggut Abdelhadi d ubanju nes ad tga tin Şivan Perwer d imiss nes akurdi Saz.
Mafa isawal umarg ns
Γ umzwaru n tbrida ns tanaẓurt, irir Şivan Perwer f izlan n tayri, tadukli, tagmat, tiffugna d tudert. Ur issen Şivan is ra-d ig amarir axatar, ig amazan n uɣrf Akurdi tizi lli ɣ issnta tiɣri n tusnakt ɣ tsdawit n Anqara, mac tudrt tga tudrt n yan umazan lli f illa ad islkm tbrat llid iqan ad tlkm asays mqurn n umaḍlan.
Anaẓur arugi
Iffuɣ Şivan Perwer z Turkya tizi lliΓ as tsutuln uṣkayn n tanbaḍt Taṭurkit ad as gin taqmamt d isekraf, d ad t sskcmn timṣray n tillas lli kcmn wili taln i ixfawn nsn inin nga Ikurdiyn d rad nsawal tutlayt negh Takurdit. Zeg tizi lli g iffugh Ṭurkya g usegg°as n 1975, tusi tayyught n uzwag Şivan Perwer, yasi awed netta tabrat n ugherf akurdi ad st isselkem i y ugherf amaḍlan, yals as tammara d tkerrayt issuteln i y umadan nes. Zeg usggas an ad ikkes Şivan timelsin n umarir aklaṣik iles tin umarir arugi, at ittirir iseqsiten n tmagit, tilelli, azeḍḍum, tillawt d imal n Ikudiyen d Kurdistan. Terẓem as tmazirt n Aliman tiggura nes, ar itekka timizar n Uṛupa yasi tabrat n ayt dares, ig amazan n Kurdistan ɣ umaḍal. Γ tamaziɣt n Fransa, irir izli n Ḥelebce (Halabja), issekti-d askerḍ amaḍlan n 1988, issekti-d igh°zniwen, idbidamen d idwarul lli inghan azzan d uwessar, tameṭṭut d urgaz s isem n Tiɛɛurba d s ifasen n isalmaden nes. Mac, imḍl wac, iqamad w-arraw n ikurdiyn isul, yall ixf ns s ignwan.
Izdayn n brra
Taggayt:Aẓawan Taggayt:Azawan akurdi
Talalit
Inkrd Ismɛil Aygun ɣ tat tuwja n inaẓuṛn umarg akurdi. inkrd f lɛwaid n Dengbêj d iqburn n bardis (willi talsn i dmin dmin ayndi ɣ tswak d iduran n tamazirt n kurdistan. Mayad ifa atig amqran i tiwuriwin ns d tẓuṛi n ikurdiyn wala amarg Sivan.
Islgan n umussu n Nyuṭun
Aslgn amzwaru
Ar ittini uslgn amzwaru n Nyutun mas ig yat tazzit t-bidd ur attmussu neɣ ar tmussu s yat tazzla timzgit g yan umnid, ira tɣama tazzit ad tɣama tbidd neɣ ra-tɣama tssuda s yat tazzla timzgit mqqar ar fllas ittagez wafud. Aslgn ad i-tt-uyssan s wassaɣ n Aslgn n Tussimt .
Aslgn wiss sin
Yat tazzit ilan yat tazduzt timzgit m, ras nara :
Aslgn amzwaru
Rad tt nara s ɣmk-ad:
Aslgn wiss sin
Ɣid ar nmmal :
Maɣ  d  gan imawayen.
Aslgn wiss kraḍ
thumb|Tawlaft immaln Aslgn wiss krad n Nyutun Aslgn wiss kraḍ n Nyutun ar ittini mas ig darneɣ snat tazziwin, yat ar iṭṭiḍiṣ f wayyaḍ, nẓdar anini mas yan ar issḥruy afud f wayyaḍ s tmkta inicten d imnaden isniln. Aslgn wiss kraḍ ittuyssan s wassaɣ n '''Aslgn n tigawt d trarit. Aslgn ad istawhmma bahra g tiɣri n amyas agellal.'''
Aslgn wiss sin
Aslgn wiss sin n Nyutun iga yan uslgn yakkan yan uglam asmktan n maf-iẓdar yan wafud at isker i wmussu n yat tazzit. ar ittini mas asnfel n tasmkta n umussu g uzmz n yat tazzit inict g umnad d tasmkta i tazduzt (mass) d tazzla-ns. tasmkta n umussu tga zund tazzla, gan imawayen, darsen ssin tasmkta d amnid.
Aslgn amzwaru
Dat Galili tella yat tswingmt mas akk imussuten ifrarann darsen timntal tusridin. Macc Galili iẓẓdar a-ysan seg irimen-ns mas tazzit ittmussun, ra-tɣama ar tmussu mqqar yan afud ar iswwuri bac a tbidd.
Aslgn n Tussimt iwfat g tizwiri mass Galilyu Galili yara-t s tɣarast nna s t-nssen, macc ɣir i wmussu afraran f wakal, g yan uzmz yaḍni mass Runi Dikart issmɣur aslgn ad.
Iɣbula :
Aslgn n umussu Tasengama tazaykut Tasengama
Amawal
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Aslgn wiss sin
Afud i-tt-ssurḥen f yat tazzit iẓdar ayssnfel tasmkta n umussu ns, neɣ amnad ns ne iẓdar atn issnfel ssin. Aslgn wiss sin n Nyutun iga yan uslgn akk istawhmman g Tasengama.
Ig yat tazzit dars afud agnsan,ar ittazzaz s mklli aɣ ttini tagda n uslgn ad wiss ssin n Nyutun. seg tasga yaḍnin ig tazzit ur attazzaz, ur ra-gis ili yan afud agnsan.
Israyil
Tga Israyil (s tɛibrit יִשְרָאֵל‎, ; s taɛrabt: إسرائيل‎,) ism nns unṣib Awank n Israyil (s tɛibrit: מְדִינַת יִשְרָאֵל‎ ; s taɛrabt: دَوْلَةْ إِسْرَائِيل‎) yat tamazirt, tlla ɣ utaram n umnẓaw n Asya d ugmmaḍ agmuḍan n yill agrakal, tdru iwutta d Lubnan zɣ iẓẓlmḍ, Surya zɣ iẓẓlmḍ agmuḍan, Urḍun zɣ ugmuḍ, Miṣra zɣ iffus, d yill Amttan gras d Urḍun. Awank n Israyil iga yan wawank asuf iẓlin s wuday ɣ umaḍal, tajumma nns 20,770–22,072 km². Zdɣn gis 8,804,180 n umdan, 74,7% n wudayn, 20,8% n waɛrabn, d 4,5% yaḍn.
Awank atrar n Israyil mɣin d iẓuran nns s twngimt n tmazirt n Israyil (rtz ysrayil) nna illan dar wudayn ɣ uggar n 3000 isggʷasn. Ḍaṛt amgaru amaḍlan amzwaru, tujja d tmaddast n tmttiwin imunn anbḍ n ugmuḍ anammas d Flisṭin gr ifassn n ibriṭaniyn nna ibddn f usrsl n tmazirt iẓlin s wudayn ɣ usggʷas n 1947, tamttiwin imunn bḍant tamazirt n falsṭin f sin iwunak, yan iga wawank uday, wayyaḍ aɛrab, ɣ 14 mayyu 1948 yumẓ uwank n Israyil azarug nns s umsasa n tmttiwin imunn. Ḍarat n aya nkrn d waɛrabn s umgaru mgal udayn acku ur ssikzn azarug n Israyil, mac udayn rnan yall imgarutn mgal n waɛrabn, sul snfuzzun iwutta nna asn tfka tmaddast n tmttiwin imunn.
Ism
Ism n Israyil yuman d tiklt tamnzut ɣ usggʷas 1200 dat talalit n ɛisa, ism ad illa d win n tagldit n Israyil tamzwarut. Ism n Israyil iga ism nna ifka yakuc i Yaɛqub ass mi ynnuɣ ar tama n inglusn n yakuc. Anamk nns « win ynnuɣn ar tama n yakuc » Yaɛqub d babas n 12 n twsatin nna iffɣn s Miṣra. Imzdaɣ n israyil ttwassnn s “arraw n israyil” nɣ “israyilitn” ɣ tsɣrut n uzarug n uwank n israyil ɣ usggʷas n 1948.
Islgan n umussu n Nyuṭun
Aslgn wiss sin
neɣ nẓdar at nara s tɣarast yaḍnin :
Iɛalawiyn
right|thumb|Acnyal n Iɛalawiyn|179x179px
Addag n tawja
Muḥmmed I                   +--+-+ |                         |                     |                Muḥmmed II                   Racid             Mulay Ismaεil |                                                                    +                                                                Ɛabdallah II                                                                     | +                                                                 Muḥmmed III |                        +--+---+                                            |                          |                       |                       Lyazid                     Hicam                  Suliman |                                             Ɛaberraḥman ben Hicam |                                               Muḥmmed IV                                                    | Hasan I                                                   | +--+---+                                           |                          |                       |                     Ɛabelεaziz            Mulay Ɛabdelḥafiḍ           Mulay Yusef |                                                                       Muḥmmed  V                                                                            | Hasan II                                                                           | Muḥmmed VI
Taggayt:Amzruy
Iɛalawiyn (s tɛrabt : العلويين, al-ɛalawiyin, s tfrnsist: Alaouites), tga yat tawja zɣ smmus tawjiwin nna inbḍn tmazirt n Lmɣrib kullut zɣ 1666 ar ɣilad. Tuckad tawja ad zɣ Tafilalt, d aṣulṭan amzwaru lli d gisn inbḍn iga-tt Mulay Ccrif.
Izrzr amaziɣ
Izrzr amaziɣ iga yan wanaw ayyawan zzɣ tawja n izrzrn. iddr ɣ yiẓẓlmḍ n tefṛiqt (Dzayr - Lmɣrib - Tuns).
talalit:
Ar ittkka isiy n izrzr amaziɣ kra n 8 n wayyurn, d talalit ar ttili ɣ "ibril d yunyu".
imudar i-t icttan:
Zzɣ imudar i yadlli icettan izrzr amaziɣ ar nettafa: Izm amaziɣ d uɣilas amaziɣ d ububbaẓ amaziɣ, macc abubbaẓ yafuḍ, amma izm d uɣilas afuḍn ɣ taganin.
idɣarn n tudrt nns:
Izrzr amaziɣ iga izrzr amyiwn ɣ ufrruy n izrzrn ɣ tefriqt, d ar ittili ɣ tasgiwin iɣ llan taganin ɣ "Dzayr - Lmɣrib - Tuns" slawann akkʷ iwtta gr Dzayr d Tuns ɣ taganin n tiɣrmin: Qalma - Suq ahras - Ɛnnaba - Qala. Ɣ umzwaru tga yadlli zzɣ imudar ittusmagln s ufuḍ, macc tssnti ar-d ttiwrray s Tuns ɣ 1990, d Lmɣrib ɣ Temḥḍitin n yiẓẓlmḍ iɣ llan taganin, dffir iɣ-t laḥ 200 n usggʷas, ar kiɣ-t id siwrrin. Amma ɣ Dzayr ikkatt inn iggut, macc uckand kra isggʷasn iggut ma-tt igʷmmrn f tfiyyi nns d ilm nns ar kiɣ yafuḍ ɣ usggʷas n 2004, d ɣ isggʷasn ad iggʷran issnti yan umzizzl afad a tt id siwrrin ɣ taganin n Dzayr lliɣ d iwin sin izrzrn d arrawn nnsn rẓmn-asn ilmma ɣ tasga n "Ṭras baɛali, idrarn n tangawt taɣrmant n Zzituna" tlla gis 50 hiktar.
tirmt :
Ar ictta izrzr amaziɣ icakan d igumma d tuga i d inkkrn ɣ taganin n tasaft d idrnan.
Tiɣbula :
Taggayt:Imudar Taggayt:Amudr
asnuml:
Izrzr amaziɣ imẓẓi s imikk f izrzr azggʷaɣ, d uklu nns iga aqhwi ijhden d gis kra n inwimn imlluln ɣ uɛrur nns.
Aḥidus
Aḥidus gr umzruy iḥlan d uzmz ad amaynu
Aynnaɣ ag ak inna mulay lḥu: tiwḍ tizi g ilazm ad namẓ afus i uḥidus ad ur iddu, ilazm ad nsmuttr izlan iqburn nna ittsmurn, tasrtit n tussna ula tanḍeḍt yiwḍ wass g ilazm ad tskcm taẓuṛi ddɣ s tinml ula tasdawit afad as ttelmadn inlmadn ula imzrawn mk tra tmawast n tussna ula tin tdlsa ad tidir tẓuṛi n tmaziɣt lumaṛ taẓuṛi taqburt nna illan g kigan n tsggʷin n lmɣrib.
Taẓuṛi n urkaḍ ‘’taḥidust n imgunn‘’
Taẓuṛi n uḥidus gr mad izrin d uzmz ad: amdya “tarabbut taḥidust n imgunn” taḥidust n imgunn.
Aḥidus gr umzruy iḥlan d uzmz ad amaynu
S uzgzl, amdyaz nnɣ mulay lḥu nna mi ɣur iga uḥidus zun d tiṭṭ nns, ira ad frkn mddn i tmaḍunt yaɣn aḥidus, ira ad ikcm s tinml afad izri s ulmmud i imẓẓann, tfk t tsuta i tayḍ, aynnaɣ ag inurz kigan g tmawast n tussna d tmawast n usslmd amnzu ula tin tsdawit.
Tannayin n umdyaz “mulay lḥu”: «aḥidus tinml ayd iga!! ur d lhḍṛt?» awal ddɣ ad inna umdyaz nɣ d lɛrif n uḥidus d tmnaḍin mulay lḥu nna yiwḍn 81 n usggʷas, s wawal nns d wul nns ittbbin, ntta nna d inkrn, iṛẓm d alln nns ɣf uḥidus abldiy, ilan tirsal ula timitar tiqburin n tigi ula isitti ula yimk nna s ittyiskir. Yusi anzwum i uḥidus ad ur iddu, ad ur ismur nɣ ilsa timlsa aḍnin nna djun ur ilsi.
Mulay lḥu inna diɣ: iga uḥidus zun d tinml, da isslmad tiɛɛurma ɣf uswingm d tussna n wawal. Iga taẓuṛi iṭṭfn timitar n yirir d trsal iṣḥan n tussna. Zun d wanna iran ad yirir aḥidus g irgzn ifukk ad ils tajllabiyt tamllalt “lfal umlil” nna yaɣ isnɛtn tazdgi d nniyt n umdyaz. Ula tiwtmin da lssant ticḍaḍ d iḥbirran, d tsbniyt i tinna yiwln ,tinna ilsan tasbniyt gint taẓult tinnaɣ hat iwlnt yad, tinna ilsan iḥbirran ur gint taẓult hat ur ta iwilnt. Tirbatin nna inkrn s aḥidus ar tggant tawrarrayt, ar ttrarant izli i ayt uḥidus dda g t grn.
Inna ḥasan jawad ɣf lmɛna: “g tmyurin tamawalt n iclḥiyn, awal n umdyaz iṭṭf abda sin wudmawn, iwaliwn nna ittini, d lmɛna nna s ira ad t rmsn mddn, ku taguri tɣiy ad tawi s yan lmɛna “1989: tasna 58-168.
Arkaḍ n tḥidust n imgunn ar dids ttmun tiyti n igdm d ucbqa n ifassn, tawada n twtmin ula tin irgzn tman d wallun, yan ur izwar yan, yat ur tzwar tayḍ, ar ttirirn s lmizan, macan mulay lḥu da iẓṛṛa mas d anawn imaynutn nna d ikcmn s tmazirt zun d tagrubbit nɣ d id lgrub, inna da nqqan aḥidus anṣliy , inna anct ddɣ n imassn itiknulujiyn fkan i mddn ansiwn g ẓṛṛan aḥidus s twlafin d id lfidyu, ukan ayddɣ kull ar as ittkks uddur i uḥidus, ar as iḍḍaṛ watig nns.
Lɛrif mulay lḥu inna diɣ, ikka tt nn lliɣ tamɣra ar ttkka imalass, sa n wussan, ar ttaɣn mddn aḥidus sg uɣlay n tafuyt ar anqar nns, dɣi llant tmɣriwin ittkkan ɣir yan wass, lumar g tmdinin, lliɣ yuf dɣi, lliɣ tamɣra tɣra i kʷu yiwn, swa wanna iṭṛṛḥn swa wanna mi idrus lḥal, gan akkʷ mddn yan, wanna issnn ad ibbi amarg d izlan am i akkan mddn uddur d watig amqran. Lliɣ da nssflid i tɣratin kkant ignna wala akal, dɣi ur yad sulnt tɣratin ula suln iḥidas wamm williɣ.
thumb|230px|right|ⴰⵃⵉⴷⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵖ 1955 thumb|230px|ⴰⵃⵉⴷⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵖ 1970 thumb|230px|ⴰⵃⵉⴷⵓⵙ ⵏ [[Ifran (tiɣrmt)|ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵏ]]
Aḥidus gr umzruy iḥlan d uzmz ad amaynu
Micil biru isawl ɣf udmawn imaynutn n umarg d uḥidus dda g yara ɣf unaẓuṛ amqran tamlla n rbbi ɣifs “muḥmmad rwica” nna ittyassann s yirir nns izddign ɣf: «matta zzman isaggan, mani zzman iɣudan» tizlit ad yuls as unaẓuṛ uṛḥḥu d munir» Peyron: 2019 tizlit ad tuwi d ɣf udm amaynu n izlan d umarg, mulay lḥu inngla, iqnḍ ɣf waddad nna yiwḍ uḥidus, aynnaɣ ag da iggar aɣuyyi i inaɣmasn ula winna iswurin g yigr n tussna n tẓuṛi ad rarn lbal s uḥidus nna ittsmurn ,ass ḍaṛt wass.
Ẓanṭur inna g tguri ddɣ nns mas d agrḍ n lɛrif ntta ad nn isslkamn lmɛna, yan umarir iṭṭafn amggrḍ iḥlan ar as ssflidn mddn kigan, ar as ttilint tɣratin.
Iga uḥidus yan wurar nna skarn imaziɣn n waṭlas anammas d usammr. Iga urar ẓḍaṛn ad t skrn ifrxan ula tifrxin, ar tettmziriy talɣa nns zɣ tmnaḍt ar tayyaḍ. Zikk, ar ttaɣn imaziɣn n tmnaḍin ad aḥidus ɣ kraygat tizi, lumaṛ ad day zrint tinwutci, macc tigira ad ar t skarn ɣar ɣ tmɣriwin d tfugliwin. Skrn kra n tmsmunin kra n trubba ganin aḥidus d tazzult ar sis ttkkan timizar akkʷ ar sis drrunt ɣ inmuggarn d igdudn n umaḍal.
Taẓuṛi n urkaḍ ‘’taḥidust n imgunn‘’
Arkaḍ ddɣ n imgunn issusm kigan inaẓuṛn g wamun ula g brra n tmazirt ula mddn kull. Iga yat tẓuṛi ifkan atig i tmazirt n imgunn d tmazirt n dads g yat tsga, ig ula yan wanaw n tẓuṛi ittasin s aflla tamallayt d tdms g tsga n “dra tafilalt” d ar tgga udm iḥlan kigan i tmurt n lmɣrib g tmizar n umaḍal g fransa ula sbanya ula mirikan...
Aḥidus gr umzruy iḥlan d uzmz ad amaynu
G ubrid ddɣ atiknulujiy yiwi d micil biyru kraḍ izmaz nna isnfaln ar akkan udm amaynu i tzlit d wurar amaziɣ g lmɣrib:
Inna mulay lḥu: “aḥidus yaɣul iga zund kra n umuḍin ur yufin asafar, ar ismummuy g ifsti, ar ittmtat s ifsti, tafuyt lliɣ d ittalin ɣf uḥidus, taɣul tɣli, yili ntta g tillas, aydud n uḥidus ar ittsmur imikk s imikk, winna yakkan atig i “lmɛna” iɛccaqn ula winna as issflidn ar tsmurn imikk s imikk.
Aya ar asn ittzayad g uydud nna tn iṭfarn sg yutub, ar tzayadn awd nitni imassn yaḍn n uẓawan i tẓuṛi nnsn zun d talgitart, d id djambi, ar ṛẓẓmn tiflut ɣf imassn imaynutn n uẓawan afad ad kcmn s wul i mddn g umadal kull.
Taẓuṛi n urkaḍ ‘’taḥidust n imgunn‘’
Mk tga ljukanda ,tiflut n tẓuṛi n iɣman tamaḍlant nna iɛdl unaẓuṛ amaḍlan “dafintci” (1503-1505), yat tmatart tamqrant n tussna d tẓuṛi nna ittawin kigan n mddn s tmdint n bariz d ar takka uddur axatar i usfsr n “laburs” isggʷassn iggudin aya. Imkinnaɣ ayd tga awd tḥidust n imgunn g yat tsga aḍnin n tẓuṛi, tga yan urkaḍ igan tisit n wamun, tga asissn i tmazirt n imgunn ula tin dads ula tin lmɣrib akw sg uflla. Ayddɣ n tẓuṛi a ɣf nra ad nsiwl g usntl ad ,tsman tẓuṛi ddɣ kigan n tɣawsiwin zund, amarg n yirir, arkaḍ, timlsa, izlan, imassn... Aya ad d yiwin allig tiwy iẓṛi d tssusm kigan n imallayn d inaẓuṛn d mddn akkʷ s umata, allig da d teddun sg timazar kull n umaḍal.
Aḥidus gr umzruy iḥlan d uzmz ad amaynu
Inna umara lḥu azrgi: «taẓuṛi a da tsmunu gr umarg n yirir d urkaḍ d ikkʷlan ifrqacn nna ittawin iẓṛi ula tawngimt n inaẓuṛn d imallayn d mddn s umata nna d itmuddun ad iẓiṛn tiḥli nns» azrgi, 2012.
Imassn itiknulujiyn gan igldan i uḥidus allig yiwḍ amaḍal ( amsyara d isqsitn d tmrarutin d unaẓuṛ (yusf balhwa ) aslway n trabbut taḥidust n imgunn.
Isaɣul
Taggayt:Tamaziɣt Taggayt:Taẓuṛi Taggayt:Imaziɣen
Aḥidus gr umzruy iḥlan d uzmz ad amaynu
Aɛrrim ddɣ balhwa yusi ssɛr i uḥidus, ar iswuri kigan , d ar ittaws s imassn itiknulujiyn, isskr ntta d imddukkan nns tadabut nnsn g yutub, ar asn d tskcam idrimn, ar nn sslkamn tizlatin nnsn i uydud nnsn g tmurt n lmɣrib ula bṛṛa nns. Ar ttalsn i izlan iqburn ula imaynutn.
Inna yusf balhwa: taẓuṛi ddɣ n uṛkaḍ n imgunn tlla sg mad ibda lɛrif “aḥmam amskan” g usggʷas n 60 ar ttaɣ aḥidus. Ar t isslmad i iɛrrimn n iɣrm, macan aslmad n uṛkaḍ, laḥsn zinun inna massa tamɣart n uḥṛḍan nna mi ɣur tɛzza kigan tḥidust ddɣ n imgunn, ayd as izaydn kra n imussutn d kra n tɣawsiwin akkʷ g yirir ula ikʷlan allig ɣurs illa wudm ddɣ amaynu issusmn kigan n mddn g umaḍal”
Taẓuṛi n urkaḍ ‘’taḥidust n imgunn‘’
G urzzu ad rad nswuri ɣf sin inaẓuṛn ittirirn aḥidus ,gin sg snat tsutiwin imzarayn, “mulay lḥu” issntan aḥidus sg usggʷas n 60 ar 2000, d “yussf balhwa” nna igan aslway n trabbut n tḥidust n imgunn sg 2000 ar 2023. G waddad amzwaru, rad nuru ɣf tẓuṛi n uḥidus d isnfln ula udmawn imaynutn nns, d imassn itiknulujin nna yiwsn ad nn yawḍ uḥiidus timizar n umaḍal.
Aḥidus gr umzruy iḥlan d uzmz ad amaynu
Balhwa yulɣ kigan imassn itiknulujiyn, inna nitni ad nn issiwiḍn taḥidust n imgunn i umaḍal, lumaṛ “yutub d twitr, anstagram, d id lfidyi d tdabutin n ttlfaza zun d tiss tam nna igan tin tmaziɣt, imassn ad kullu ar ttawsn ad ittyassn uḥidus yawḍ aflla yawḍ timizar ɛṛqnin.
«Agrḍ nɣ d awal iga zun d ifilu isslkamn tabrat i uydud, ig as iḥla ugrḍ i lɛrif ar tlkkm tbrat nns, macan aydud ar ittiɛqil i izlan s tmktit n walni nns...» Zunthor : 1983
Isaɣul
JOUAD, H.« Les imdyazen : une voix de l’intellectualité rurale ». Revue des Mondes Musulmans et de la Méditerranée. n°51, 1989/1, p. 100-110.
Aḥidus gr umzruy iḥlan d uzmz ad amaynu
taẓuṛi ddɣ n uḥidus tga yat g tɣawsiwin nna d ittawin aḍaṛ i mddn ard nn kkin tamazirt n dads ula tin imgunn, ula tamazirt n dra tafilalt sg uflla. Yusf balhwa nna igan aslway n trabbut “taḥidut n imgunn” inna: llan imarirn d id lɛrif iqbuṛn nna ikkan uggar n 100 n tmura n umaḍal g tudrt nnsn sg isggʷasn n 60 ar dɣi, ilign n umuddu nɣ d lbasbbuṛ nnsn da aɣ isnɛat aya.
Aḥwac
Aḥwac tga yat trkkzt tanamunt ɣ ittdru ɣ tifri nns tarabbut n middn ur illi wattay nnsn, ilin t ula tiwtmin, d iẓil ad gnt tifddamin macc tinna yuwln ur aɣ tdrunt macc irgazn ur gisn tlli tfada ad.
Tawalt n uḥwac tga assaɣ i kullu tirabbutin n uẓawan d umarg lli ɣʷmanin s tmagit n tussna tamaziɣt, zund kullu iḥwacn n Sus (amṣmudi), d iḥwacn n ayt uzaɣar d ayt udrar, macc ur nẓḍaṛ a ngli (lunast, timdyazin n ḥmada, lɛiṭa, ḥuran, tahramt, lhit, lmlḥun, takriḥt, tafrraḥt n trudant…) g wassaɣ n uḥwac lliɣ fllas dwrn wanawn ad n uẓawan, d urt sul rwasn s kigan, gan iḥwacn ttɛṛṛbnin lli sun ur igin amaziɣ, acku iɣ nna aḥwac nukz nn kigan n iḥwacn lli llan inn s tutlayt tamaziɣt lli ilsan tamagit tamaziɣt, g Sus d lḥuz d wasif n Dra. Waxxa illa uḥwac s kigan wanawn d kigan n ikʷlan d uẓawan macc iga yan s tɣarast nns iẓlin ɣ tussna tamaziɣt.
Aḥwac lli igan tamunt ig tarabbut ig awd udm n twizi yaḍnin. isman uḥwac tarabbut n ufgan d umarg d uẓawan, isman s ɣikan isyafatn n middn. Ur iẓli uḥwac s urgaz ula tawtmt, ur igi win wid mẓẓiyn ula wid mqquṛn isman middn akkʷ, d ur igli middn s kra n uṭṭun, aḥwac ismun middn zɣ sin ar ifḍ n ufgan d uggar.
Ɣayann n umssugr amgraw, nna ɣ tswiri dis tagrawt tudrt nns tamktayt d amnlli, ɣ ammas n timyurin tiẓuriwin tidlsanin, nttat iɣ nra tga tamddit taẓawant turkkizt d anmiggir ismunun iẓuran n umsasa d idammn d tiddra, ɣ yan ummak amgraw imann, d iga yat tinml tanamunt ɣ tlla twizi ɣ tayri izddign ar tsxitir afrak anamun dar ifganen s izrfan nnsn d imafllaɣn-nnsn f unamur, d gratsn, ɣ uyddaɣ ttinin imdyazn n imukrisn d iswingimn ɣ yan ummak anamun ifulkin iɣudan s timyuriwin tiqburin tizaykutn.
thumb|Yan anaw n uḥwac Aḥwac (s tfinaɣ : ⴰⵃⵡⴰⵛ, s tɛrabt : أحواش‎) iga yat tẓuri, d yan wanaw n umarg nna ittilin s trubba, illa dar imaziɣn n unẓul n Lmɣrib nttini iclḥiyn. Iggut ɣ tmizar n Sus d Waṭlas imẓẓiyn d wad imqqurn. Kraygat tamazirt nɣ adɣar ittuyssan s wanaw uḥwac lli sis iẓlin. Tmun tẓuri ad d imasn n umarg d iwaliwn, ilin gisn inawn ggutnin.
Aḥwac Imintanut
Ahwac n imintanut Iga yan wanawn n ihwacn ityawssan bahra ɣ tsga n sus artithucn ifrxan d tfrxin.
Lɛammt
vignette|Tamsmunt n lɛammt n uḍwwaṛ n iḥuddjin iḍfaṛn i tgrawt n tdili-fṭwaka, ar tturarn g uḍwwaṛ n ugadir buɛciba, tagrawt n Unzu, tanara n Fṭwaka, g usggas n 2015 Lɛammt tga yan wanaw n tẓuṛi tamaziɣt g illa uṛkaḍ imunn d nnḍm, taẓuṛi ad tlla dar tugt n tqqbilin timaziɣin g Lmɣrib. Tettyussan bahra lɛammt g tqqbilt n infḍwak illan g tamnaḍt n Uzilal, tasga n Bni Mllal-Xnifṛa. Ar tettyawskar Lɛammt akud nna illa kra n uzmzzu iẓlin s tqqbilt nɣ s kra n usun nɣ aḍwwaṛ, zun ig tlla tmɣra dar usli nɣ taslit, ttlgit (anmuggur da skarn middn i lɛaml, lqqayd nɣ kra n ubṛlamani) n kra wudm imqqurn, asfuglu s kra n uzmzzu n tsrtit zun istayn nɣ kra n imnɣi. G irir n Lɛammt ar ttbddadn tugt n irgazn ar skarn adur, lsn tijlluba nɣ lfuqqiyyat tumlilin nɣ tiwraɣin (idrus ma g ttilint g kra n ukʷlu yaḍn), d idukan d titqacrin (ar asnt ttinin ttqqacṛ) ula nttnti g ma iggutn ar ttggant tumlilin nɣ tiwraɣin, gn f yixf nnsn acddad nɣ taṛẓẓit (ar as ttinin infḍwak ṛṛẓṭ) tawṛaɣt nɣ tumlilt nɣ ar lssan f ixfawn nnsn tacacit (nɣ ṭṭagiyya) ula nttat g ukʷlu umlil nɣ awraɣ; agʷln g iɣariwn (nɣ iɣṛaḍ) nnsn lkʷmmit, ku argaz ar dis isatti allun nɣ tallunt nns nɣ ar ittḥuc ɣar s ifassn nns, yili ditsn ula bab n ganga, ar ssntayn (nɣ ar bddun) irgazn llɣa nɣ tanḍḍamt ar kkatn allun ar ig iḥma ilmma kcmn d tfrxin (ar asnt ttinin timḥwacin) ilsan lqqṭib d tmlsa tiblday n tmazirt skrnt ula nttnti adur nnsnt dat adur n irgazn macc ur a ditsn ttxllaḍn ar ig ssrɣan lɛammt ilmma ku argaz ar d ilddi yat tfruxt ad dis ittḥuc. Tifrxin ar ttḥucnt s ifassn macc irgazn ar ttḥucn s ifassn nɣ s tallunt.
Anawn ad n iḥwacn mmrksnin llan g Sus, aḥwac n Ida Usmlal ur igi aḥwac n Uwluz, illa kra n uzilal grasn ɣ uẓawan d uklu d tɣarast lli sa gis tt ḥucn. Ilin tmnaḍin mqqar iga ism yan, macc aḥwac ur igi yan, anawn n iḥwacn illan ɣ udrar n Drn ur igi zun d iḥwacn illan g udrar n laṭlaṣ amṛwaṣu, ur mmrwasn ɣ izli ula imassn ula ur gin yan ɣ uklu n trabbut d tɣarast n uḥwac. Abṭṭu ad illan ngr aḥwac n udrar n drn mqquṛn d udrar amṛwaṣu d Sus akkʷ d Lḥuz, irwas is d ikka anaw n tzdgi d igamiwn lliɣ zdɣn imaziɣn, ig umzruy awd nttan zɣ a illi iffaln tifiras nns g tẓuṛi d tussna akkʷ.
Aẓawan n uḥwac ula nttan immrkks iggut iga anawn ɣ uḥwac amaziɣ. Ilin sin wanawn n isaffn n uẓawan, amzwaru : aẓawan amaziɣ azayku, lli ur iffaɣn isaffn n umarg azayku amaziɣ, ig ula nttan sin wanawn yan iga aclḥi wis sin iga abudrar, d wanaw wis sin ɣ isaffn n uẓawan illa : aẓawan n tafriqt, lli igan aẓawan d ikkan agʷns n tfriqt lli imann g yan uklu n izli ar as tt inin Gnawa nɣ Tagnawit.
Ajmak
Ajmak n Wactukn Ayt Baha iga yan uhwac illan ɣ Sus. Lant tugt n tmsmunin fkant as atig ilin rways ila ɣ tsga n ctuka yan rays ujmak itussan bahra ismas said uwzru ilin tugt zund hmad rrih d hmad udris d aɣidda d hntjja d hmad u3ddi usltana d Umɣuɣd rays libahra mqqurn bihtti.
Timlsit n uḥwac ur tgi yat, ku tamazirt man tmlsit lssan imurar g uḥwac. d kra iga tt tamurt tẓli tmlsit nnsn g tffugliwin nnsn d tmyurin nnsn, iɣ nẓṛa timlsit ɣ iḥwacn n ayt tmazirt n Waqqa d tsktant d Ṭaṭa ur gint zun d tmlsa n iḥwacn n ayt uzaɣar n Tznit, d xtid akkʷ ur gint zun d tinn lli lssan ayt udrar n laṭlaṣ, ig mayan a illi iẓlin s kra iga tt tamazirt. Anawn ad n tmlsa d ikʷlan ad immrkksn g tmizar iga afulki lli tla tɣrma tamaziɣt, lli mi iṛcm umzruy tifras nns.
Iḥwacn lli akkʷ illan ɣ tussna tamaziɣt mqqar gan anawn iggutn, iga yat tẓuṛi lli s tẓli tussna tamaziɣt, ig ayda lli d fln imzwura i ufgan dis yusin aklu n tɣrma d tmagit tamaziɣt.
Ajmak
Aḥwac ad ittawssan g ( actukn - imi mqquṛn - ayt mẓal - ihlaln - ayt wadrim - sidi ɛabd llah lbucwari - tizi n takuct - targa n ticka - xmis ayt musa - iwsimn - tanalt - ayt walyaḍ - ayt baha udrar - ayt baha umlal - azaɣar n tiznit …), ar gis tt ḥwacn irgazn d tmɣarin, g sin imaɣʷdn ingabaln.
Isaffn n uẓawan amaziɣ ar tn izuzzur wallun, d isaffn n uẓawan n tfriqt ar tn izuzzur ganga iman dis ula wallun. Aẓawan ad n tfriqt ar tt inn bahra nttafa g laṭlaṣ mẓẓiyn d ugʷns n iffus d iffus atawan.
Iḥwacn n umaziɣ llan f smmust tiwal (lackal), mqqar iga uḥwac win irgazn i waḍu nnsn niɣ iga win irgazn d tmɣarin niɣ win tmɣarin i waḍu nnsnt niɣ iga win tfrxin.
Aḥwac ur igi ɣar yan urkkz unzil, iga udm yaḍnin n tudrt nna d issnkarn asnflul d tmdyazt d ummutr ɣ ufulki, iga yat twlaft iddrn ar d ttrar amrara n ufgan amaziɣ d ukaraw nns agaman d unfgan ɣ umrara d issufuɣn inzgumn nɣd inaruzn nɣd tufrayin d timmutrin d tiwlafin ɣ umarur irar tnt s tɣarast n usnflul s tiwlafin n tẓuri ifulkin.
Lɛammt
Aẓuṛ n yism n "Lɛammt" ur illi kra n usaɣul ittyaran fllas isawln, macc ar fllas sawaln middn g tudrt nnsn takuyast. G Lmɣrib ar aṭṭan middn ingr yan ufgan da iḥṣan lqqṛan d wid da ur t iḥṣin, middn da iḥṣan ar asn ttinin "ṭṭlba" (amyun ns Ṭṭalb) nɣ "lmsafrin" (amyun nns lmsafr, ar asn aqqran s ism ad acku ar ttsafarn afad ad ḥṣun lqqṛan); middn da ur iḥṣin Lqqṛan ar asn aqqran s "iɛammin" (amyun nns Aɛammi). Llan kra n iwnnan ittinin mas ism n Lɛammt ittyafka i tẓuṛi ad acku ar tt tturarn ɣaṛr middn da ur iḥṣin Lqqṛan nɣ "iɛammin", ɣayann af tga Lɛammt. Illa daɣ yan wawal yaḍn ittinin mas taguri n "Lɛammt" ar tt ttinin i tẓuṛi ad acku g mad izrin lɛammt ar tt tturarn middn akkʷ n iqqbiln, ku aqqbil nɣ ku usun ar ttmunan imzdaɣn nns akkʷ akud nna illa kra n usfuglu, middn n uḍwwaṛ akkʷ ad igan lɛammt, ur ar ttinin mas tlla lɛammt abla ig ggutn middn.