cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Asinan amaziɣ
Tamsmunt inlmadn iqburr uɣrbaz amaziɣ Uzru
gabryil jirman, aslway uɣrbaz, s ixf ns, tkkas aḍar, tgas tmsɣimt tamatut bumci,, tawid ɣ udɣar ns yan usdras, ad isbidd icirran iskkr adida, iẓyyr wiyaḍ ad kkin idis i tsrtit, nɣd ad twazon awd nitni zg tɣuri. kigan zg icirran lli mi tnna fransa, is as skkr adida, tumẓ tn, nɣd tudr digsn, ad adrr zg tsga nsn, f waraw nsn.
ar turzzu tmsɣimt ad tssilil timukrisin gr icirran n ayt mgil d win ayt izmmuriyn, d wiyaḍ d itddun zg tsggiwin iɛrqn. llan icirran, mi yttwadr f warraw nsn, allig urin tibratin yaḍ lla ttrn digsn tt ad asn tssurf tslwayt uɣrbaz, ar ggar imuttil f icirran iqburn itn yugrr. ass n 13 mars 1944, iwḍn d 4 n tbratin ɣurs aslway uɣrbaz, zg icirran itwazon, zg tɣuri, sin zg ayt saddn, yan zg brkan, tnnḍnin zg figig.
yits n tsggiwin ɣ lḥusima, nadur d ṭiṭwan, illan ddaw i tnbaṭ n sbanya, ur ikccimn ddaw n tnbaṭ n fransa.
Isaɣuln
Taggayt:Tamsart tamaziɣt
Tamẓẓugt n txsi
Tga yan wanaw n Tuga.
Isaɣuln
Taggayt:Tuga
Lḥayk
thumb|Timɣarin ilsan Lḥayk Itwassan Lḥayk Amɣribi (s darija : الحايك) dffir n Tjllabit zund addal illa ɣ tiɣrmin ula iɣrman n Lmɣrib, ar t-lssant twtmin ula irgzn ssin, dat n att-sirsn irgzn i twtmin. Nnan dis-itsn idd iga anaw n tmlsit taqburant", inin diɣ wiyyaḍ idd iga" timlsit n imzwura nna ismann axidus d azrak".  Ar ttinniyn iminag idd ntta aygan azɣr n timlsa n umaḍal akkʷ, yaksul d timlsit n iṛumiyn iqdimn nna-mi ism Tuja, innas umdyaz amṛṛuki Msṭafa Slawi ar isawal f uzmz n Lḥayk Amṛṛuki :" Lḥayk zzin n tqidurt, amunnḍ n txitrt d watig, d tummrt n kul tislit".
Ig Lḥayk taɣawsa taxatart nna-kkan ibtqqizn ar t-zzan ɣ Lmɣrib, ar ittili kigan ɣ tɣrmin n Ddu akal, d gr isaffn. Ar t-lssan imzdaɣ n ugafa n ifriqya kul d itsnt tmizar n wammas, yaksul kigan d tmlsit taqburt n iṛumiyn (tog).
Ar ittini Lḥayk izur d iḥrc d Tamlḥaft tga anaw n Lksut tusdidt, twassan kigan ɣ tnzruft tamṛṛukit tẓli s taɣzi-nnz nna igan nraw nid mitru, ar tkrrs ɣ uflla afad ad ilint snat twrrrayin ism-nnsnt "Ḥllalin", ar ttiɣiy twtmt ad tssufɣ ixf d ifassn-nns tg azgn n walkttan i ixf-nns tsmunnḍ tafkka-nns ɣ uynna-d yagurn.
Kka-tt-nn irgzn d twtmin ɣ kul anawn-nnsn ɣ wamun ar t-lssan. Ur das ittili uẓrzi ula amya, ɣas yat tukrist ar ttili izdar n iɣir. macc ayt iɣrman das tggan yan ifilu n taḍut ɣ wammas d iẓrziyn ur itwannayn afad awr iḍr.
Urupa
Uṛuppa niɣ Turuft (s Tinglizit: Europe) iga yan ɣ 7 imnẓawn n umaḍal. center|thumb|upright=1.8|Uṛuppa s uzgzaw
Lḥayk
Kka-tt-nn irgzn imṛṛukiyn ar lssan Lḥayk, da ggarn yan uzgn s aflla n iɣir aẓlmaḍ, grn-t s ḍart n tadawt sukknt ddaw tiyt afad a-issntl idmarn.g umunnḍ amggaru da iddal ixf ẓar-s.
Urupa
Isaɣuln
Taggayt:Timizar Taggayt:Tarakal Taggayt:Uruppa Taggayt:Imnẓawn
Lḥayk
Tiwtmin itnti da smunnuḍnt Lḥayk-nnsnt smunnt ammas s yat tmurkist ism-nns "Lmcmum", nɣd das tggant ca-n ifilu, ig ssufant amunnḍ s Lḥayk da tggant assntl nɣd ltam i udm-nnsnt.
F ussnfl nna ijṛan i wamun amṛṛuki, srsnt irgzn i twtmin. Yaɣul idrus gr tutmin iɣrman d tɣrmin, ili dar tiwtmin idrusn ɣ tɣrmin n ugmmuḍ n tgldit, d tamlḥaft tsul ass-a aras ttinit tamlḥaft n Tafrawt d d lizar ɣ itsnt tmnaḍin n usammr d ẓayan ula sus isul ar itlssa dis d sulnt twtmin n iɣrman d tɣrmin ar t-ttirint f timlsa timaynutin d ikcmn.
Tasa
vignette|Tasa nttat a ikk°lan s uzggaɣ g tawlaft ad n ungraw ahḍam anfgan Tasa tga yan usknaf amqqṛan g udis n ufgan, tga yat tgzzumt sg ungraw ahḍm. Ar takka tasa yan uḥruray ilan s wassaɣ Tawraɣt (Aḥruray awraɣ), ar tskar tasa ma izrin 300 n twwri, sgitsnt kraḍt twwriwin imqqurn : Tawwri n Tarda, tawwri n tanɣruft d tawwri n uxzan. Tga tasa yan uwlsis ittɛdaln Tawraɣt d tugt n tɣawsiwin yaḍni. Dars yat tilalt bahra imqqurn g taɣaṛt n idammn. Tga tasa asknaf g ggutn iẓɣṛan.
Isaɣuln
Taggayt:Tafgga n ufgan Taggayt:Tasnijjit Taggayt:Tadusi Taggayt:Afgan
Tamẓla
thumb|[[Gregor Reisch]] Tameẓla tga.
Taggayt:Tamẓla
Idris Ɛbdlḥafiḍ
Iga yan umzraw lli yskren yan msmun awal n Tamaziɣt–Tafransist, gis uggar n 65 000 n tguriwin.
Lḥusima
Tga Lḥusima, nɣ Taɣzut (s tɛrabt : الحسيمة; s tmaziɣt : ⵍⵃⵓⵙⵉⵎⴰ/ⵜⴰⵖⵣⵓⵜ) yat tmdint ɣ tmazirt n Lmɣrib, tlla ɣ tsga n Ṭanja-Tiṭwan-Lḥusima.
Asnmkta
Ar ittini usiḍn lli ittyuskar ɣ usggʷas n 2014 mas :
Isaɣuln
Taggayt:Taɣrma Taggayt:Timdinin n Lmɣrib Taggayt:Lmɣrib
Asnml
Asnml (s Tafransist : définition)
Timqqit n waman
timqqit nɛd timqqitin ( قطرة s Taɛrabt ) tin anzar nɛd aman n rubini
Lmalarya
Lmalarya tga yat tamaḍunt tbayn d g 1880 g Dzayr yufa t yan uṭbib g ljic n Fransa, ar izray gr midn s sbab n wabiba
Isaɣuln
Taggayt:Tamaḍunt
Ustralya
Tga Ustralya yat tgzzumt seg umnẓaw n Uqyanusya.
Taggayt:Uqyanusya Taggayt:Tarakalt
Amazzal
Amazzal (amagut: imuzzal nɣ imazzaln) iga yan ukccud iɣzzifen iḍnin, am imazzaln n Taduli n tgmma, ig nra amazzal ar ntbbi yan usklu nkss as ilɣiwn d ifrawn.
Munir Lḥddadi
Munir Lḥddadi iga iwis n Lmɣṛib macc imudda s Ṣppanya, iga amurar n tkurt g trabbut n Icbilya, iwi d trabbut ns lkas n Spanya g usggʷas n 2020.
Asnti
Asnti : amorçage
Ussaɣn n iɣrman n tuns
thumb|250 px|qsar ulas ṣlṭan tatawin tuns thumb|250 px|Matmaṭa (ksr sidi dris) Aɣbalu n ussaɣn n iɣrman n tuns s isisfiwn Tafransist
car sousse été bien leur capitale avant la ville de thala et après uthina et cartagenna dans les très vieux beaux temps. Taggayt:Iɣrman n tuns Taggayt:iɣrman n tamzɣa
Taflsuft n tasengama
Taflsuft n tasengama (fr:Philosophie de la physique, en:Philosophy of physics)
Ẓṛ uggar
Taggayt:Taflsuft n tasengama
Makka
Makka nɣ Mkka (s taɛrabt: مكة) tga yat tamdint illan ɣ utaram n tmazirt n Ssaɛudiyya, taggug f Tamdint Ifawn s kran 4000 kilumitr ɣ umnid n iffus ataram, d f tɣrmt Ṭṭayf s kran n 1200 kilumiṭr ɣ amnid acrqi, d f 72 kilumitr zɣ tiɣrmt n Jadda d aftas n yill azggaɣ.
Tga Makka Lmukarrama yat tmdint tasgdant bahra ilan atig dar imuslmn. Tlla gis timzgida n Lḥaram, d Lkaɛba nna ygan lqblt n imuslmn ɣ tẓallit nnsn.
Isaɣuln
Taggayt:Asgd
Usu
Usu neɣ Asu neɣ Aswu iga yan ugḍiḍ imqquṛn, gis ikklan umlil d asggan.
Isaɣuln
Taggayt:Igḍaḍ
Uṭṛic
Uṭṛic tga yat tmazirt illan ɣ uruppa
References
Taggayt:Timizar n urupa Taggayt:Tarakal
Taflsuft
thumb|Tinml n [[Atina ]] Tga Taflsuft nɣ Taflsaft yat tɣarast n uswingm ɣ umaḍal, iɣzwr, d wamun. Tga tt asqsi n yan wanaw asilan n isqsitn f tumast (s tafransist d tanglizt : essence, nature) n uswingm n ufgan, d tin iɣzwr, d wassaɣn illan gratsn.
Kra n twal, ar sawaln middn f "tflsaft iẓlin s yan". Tga tt zɛma taɣarast nna s ittannay yan amaḍal. Aṛtikl ad ur igi f "tflsafin ẓlinin s middn", is iga f tswingmin nna f msawln inflsafn tasutin f tasutin.
Kra ɣ isqsitn nna d fkan inflsafn gan tn :
Azur n yism
Taflsuft nɣ Taflsaft (neɣ :  Tayri n tussna) tga yat tguri d iwckan seg tutlayt Tagrikt n zik, seg (φιλοσοφία, Filusufya), taguri yad nzzḍar att nbḍu f snat tgzmin (Tigzmt tamzwarut : φιλεῖν : Filyan : iri neɣ Tayri, tigzmt tiss snat : σοφία : Ṣufya : Tussna neɣ tinẓeẓt : الحكمة ). Ɣiladd nzzḍar anini mas Taflsuft dars anamk n : Tayri n tussna neɣ Tayri n tinẓeẓt.
Ẓṛ uggar
Taggayt:Taflsuft
Amayas amaziɣ
Amayas amaziɣ nɣd Amayas n tniri nɣd Amayas n yiẓẓlmḍ n tafṛiqt (Agrar) ar fssrnt tmizar n tuzdɣt n umudr ad ɣ Lmɣrib, Dzayr, Mali, iẓẓlmḍ n tagut n Ttcad, yiẓẓzlmḍ n Burkinafasu, Cngiṭ, d Libya, d tagut n Miṣr.
Ɣ Lmɣrib ittusddid mas illa umudr ad ɣ tniri zzɣ dar ijakaln, ar ictta umayas ad iznkʷaḍ n duṛkas d wid mẓẓin d wid ittyagasn ɣ iznkʷaḍ n dama, ilfawn, iwtlan, inẓiḍn, d iẓḍaṛ ad istay ɣ mi'ḍṛuṣn, d ula ulli d ifullusn n ijakaln. Tawllaft tamggarut n urksim ad ttyamaẓ ɣ 1994.
Usnubbc fllas
Ɣ usggʷas n 2010 tssnta yat trabbut n imassann iṣblyunin d imnirn imɣrabiyn yan usikl n usnubbc s urksim ad, bbin gis ma ylkkmn ar 1000 n ukilumiṭṛ zzɣ iɣiz uzddar n wasif n Drεa ar idrarn n Idar, d tkka-tt-inn tɣtast n usnubbc s umayas amaziɣ ɣ Lmɣrib zzɣ fibṛayṛ 2011. D ɣ usikl lli nbdr ar fllas ittni uɣmis n "il kunu" aṣblyuni masd Xussi Maṛiyya Sanciz ar iglli asɣlf anigan wis-tam i umassan ad ittamẓn 2000 km², d fsrn ma ylkkmn ar 3500 n tmdayin n uswllf, d ẓḍarn t tmdyin ad ad amẓnt afḍan n twllafin i yiwtlan d iznkʷaḍ d ulli n imzdaɣ n tsgiwin ad, d tugtt n imudar ad lli igan tiram n umayas amaziɣ ar akkan i yimassann anaruz mas iẓḍaṛ a sul iddr umudr ad.
Taggayt:Imudar
Baba Ɛli
Iga Baba Ɛli (s tifinaɣ: ⴱⴰⴱⴰ ⵄⵍⵉ,s taɛrabt: علي) yan usddi aclḥi, ar zrayn tsddiyin nns ɣ tbadut tamaziɣt zɣ tuddma n wayyur n wuẓum n usggʷas n 2021 kraygat ass dffir tgmgimt. G yan wusun amsdrar ɣ llan imuɣlitn fulkinin kigan, ɣ tlla kigan n tzgzut d waman, ɣ yan uḍwaṛ ɣ Ijukak ɣ tsga n Lḥawz dar idrarn n Drn ɣ wul n tmazirt n Iclḥiyn, ibdda umssufɣ Muṣṭafa Acawur f usddi n Baba Ɛli nna mi iskr Ḥmad Ntama asinaryu yurar gis tilalt tadslant. Asddi ad isman yat trabbut n isgbarn sugrnin n ssinima tamaziɣt n tmnaḍt n unẓul zun d Zahya Zahiri, Lḥusin Barḍwaz, Ɛabdllaṭif Ɛaṭif, Faṭima Susi, Nura Lwltiti d wiyyaḍ, aynna t yujjan ad yili yan watig imqqurn ifk as addur dar ugdud.
Amurs
Issidt yan umurs war anaw ɣ umezruy n udrama amslmaziɣ s wuṭṭun imqqurn n inḍfarn ya ɣ ttilifizyun tamaziɣt (tv8) ya ɣ tbadut n Warda Vusion ɣ Youtube.
Asddi ad, issnkd tanfust ittwassnn kigan n Ɛli Baba ɣ yan walbuḍ akumidi amaziɣ s tɣarast n isura nna tssufɣ Bubkdi zun d «Ḥdiddan » d «Ṛmmana u Brṭal ». Zɣ mad bdant txrsin nns timzwura, iskr usddi ad yan umsgdal (débat) axatar, aynna yujjan kigan n tbadutin n usnɣms ad fllas sawlnt alliɣ fllas tsawl ula tbadut n utilifizyun Al-Ḥurra.
Kigan n mdden nna ur iẓḍarn ad ḍfrn asddi ɣ utilifizyun, ḍfrn-t ɣ Youtube ɣ tbadut n Warda Vision, ar ilkkm wuṭṭun n imannayn ɣ tbadut ad attayn n uzgn n umlyun i wass, tg txrst tamggarut tamzwarut ɣ Tendance n Umerruk ɣ Youtube aynna igan anẓa imqqurn n wis imurs kigan.
Azaɣan
Mqqar takubbrt nɣ d asmurs n umuslsal ad dar ugdud, llan tugt n inaẓurn nna ur issusm mayad d ar ttinin mas yusi ɣ ammas nns kigan d izggaln d tɣawsiwin lli s ixṣṣa nkkni am isusiyn ad ig zɣ lmfṛuḍ ad tn nzri ɣilad. Ar ttinin mas d zun d laflam lli n VCD, ur illi ḥtta kran usbuɣlu n uswingm dar id bussinaryu n laflam ad n tclḥiyt zɣ ɣ-akud-ann ar ɣassa, da nẓṛṛa mas ur iẓḍaṛ amssufɣ n lfilm amaziɣ aclḥiy ad iffɣ zɣ tannayt ann n tamazirt d iɣyal d umɣar. Nnamaṭya ad ar tnqqa ufilm aclḥiy d ar bdda tḥṣar tamagit taclḥit ɣ tamazirt n taqrmamact d mayad ur igi f ṣṣaliḥ n ufilm aclḥiy sɣ ɣid s lgddam. Ar ttinin ula mas d taɣarast nna s sawaln imumtilin ɣ ammas n ufilm d lixraj ar isxcn lxir ad, ar nttafa mas ur imkn ad izri kran lmachad bla ad tẓin ayt uḍwar d ingr-atsn sul s wawal ixcnn, d ar kullu tnuccugn tafgga nnsn d udm nndn iɣ ran ad sawln. Tamamkt ad n ttmtil ar tajja yat tawlaft ixcnn f ufgan aclḥiy acku kudnna nssfɣ kran lfilm iqqand ad najj ɣ ixfawn nnɣ mas d lfilm rad iɣumu ula i tarwa nnɣ d warrawn nnɣ d mayad ar asn yakka yat twlaft izgglt f iqburn nnsn.
Aflla n wawal
Tawuri ad tga tayafut n kigan n iseggʷasen n uswuri ɣ yigr n ssinima isawaln s taclḥit ɣ tmazirt n Sus nna ibdan ɣ 1991 d umssufɣ Aḥmd Badduj s usaru nns «Tamɣart n wurɣ» nna d-tssufɣ Warda Vision. Tamggarut ad tssufɣ-d wahli n isura yaḍn s tmaziɣt nna ttwassennin ɣ Umrruk s timmad nns zun d «Bu tfunast», «Mukir »,  «Ḥmmu Unamir »,  «Ran kullu ddunit», «Tiyti n wuḍan», «Ɣassa ddunit azkka lixrt »...atg.
Isura ad, d wiyyaḍ ẓḍarn ad srsn tasila i ssinima tamaziɣt ɣ temnaḍt n unẓul n Umrruk tɣnu-d yan mnnaw n yitran am igllin n «Ḥmad Badduj»,  «Muḥemmad Abaɛmran »,  «lburka Lḥusayn»,  « Mbardk Elɛṭṭac »,  «Burdwaz »,  «Ɛaṭif »,  « F. Bucan»,... atg.
Isul udrama amaziɣ da ittnala kigan n imukrisn nna ur t-ittajjan ad ibuɣlu uggar.
Isaɣuln
Taggayt:Ssinima tamaziɣt Taggayt:Laflam n tclḥit
Tafgga n ufgan
thumb Tafgga n ufgan nɣ Tafkka n ufgan (s Taserɣint : جسم الإنسان) tga tuṣkiwt tadlsant d tafggant n ufgan. Tafgga n ufgan gis mnnaw n ingrawn (Angraw azllum, Angraw n timersiwt ... ar tigira), gis 206 n iɣess, d 639 n taksumt ( gitsnt 570 n taksumt n taɣssa). Tamassant d timskrt issuturn ad skern aglam i usnmala d tawwuri n tafgga n ufgann tgat tamassant n tacllaḥt tanfgant, tamassant ad igan yat taẓlayt n tasnijjit. Tasnijjit ar t-ssutur ad ttari (ari) tadusi, ilmma tawwuri tamagnut n tafgga n ufgan.
Ul n ufgan :
thumb|center|[[Ul n ufgan ar ikkat]]
Anlli n ufgan :
thumb|center|[[Anlli n ufgan]]
Turin n ufgan :
thumb|center|[[Turin n ufgan]]
Tannit
thumb|right|upright=1.5|azru s rssas tiliguis tamatart ntanit ghu uzlmad, Tannit tga yat takuct tamaziɣt taqqburt, zulnaz simɣurnt wala imiṣṣriyn iqqburn wala willi tnid yufan ɣ ifiniqqiyn, tga tamatart lli yakkan tudrt i kraygat tɣawsa.
thumb|left|Tamatart n tannit Taggayt:Ikkucn d Lqbura Taggayt:Mituluji Taggayt:Ddin
Timizar n Umaḍal
thumb|250px|Tasngama n umaḍal Timizar n Umaḍal
Tafriqt n ugafa
List fan lannen:
Register: A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - R - S - T - U - V - W - Y
List fan eartydske lannen
W
Taggayt:ⵜⵉⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ
Taflwit tazdawant n ifrḍisn
Ɣ takimit, Taflwit n usuds azdawan n ifrḍisn ikimayn (s tfransist: Tableau périodique des éléments, s tanglizt: Periodic table) mi nttini ula Taflwit n Mendeleïev nɣ Taflwit tazdawant, tga yat tflwit nna ɣ llan akk ifrḍisn ikimayn, ttuygaddan s umḍam ublkam nnsn zɣ wad-mẓẓiyn s wad-mqqurn, d ttuygaddan ula s tuẓkiwt talikṭrunant nnsn, nna ḍffrnt tfrisin nnsn tikruranin.
Taflwit tazdawant tanawayt
Taflwit ad ad igan talli akk ittuysxdamn ɣ igr amassan, skrn kigan n id butussna d imassan tflwitin yaḍn smunn gis ifrḍisn ikimayn. Macc ɣwad a bahra illan d walli bahra sxdamn middn.
Taggayt:Tamassant
Google assuɣl
Google assuɣl nɣ Guugl assuɣl iga yan usnfar n ussuɣl iḍfuṛn i unsmassu n usiggl amqqran "GOOGLE", iga yan wallal n ussuɣl ittxdamn zund anlli n imaddarn ar iskar assuɣl ingr tugt n tutlayyin, nẓẓḍaṛ ad fllas nini mas iga "Allal n ussuɣl agtutlayt".
Tutlayyin n ussuɣl g Guugl :
Guugl iẓẓḍaṛ a iskr assuɣl s tugt n tutlayyin, 109 n tutlayt :
Tanḍḍamt
Tanḍḍamt tga ya-wasrtu n taskla li llan wula ɣ Taclḥit.
Google assuɣl
Tutlayyin iɛlaynen ad kcmnt s Guugl assuɣl :
Guugl assuɣl ar sul ar ukan iskcam tutlayyin yaḍni timaynutin, macc ur irxi a srs tkcm kra n tutlayt tamaynut. Ɣilad llant 126 n tutlayt a iɛlaynn a srs kcmnt, sgitsnt tutlayt tamaziɣt s uskkil ns alatin :
Tanḍḍamt
Taggayt:Tadlsa
Jirulanu Kardanu
Ijgugl s tsugar nns d uynna s ikka ar ittrara taynit ɣ mnnaw n igran; zun d umusnak, amjjay, amsnuddr, amusnaw n tfizikt, amskrar, amsnitri, afilusuf, amara d uqmmaṛ. Ittyawssan s umata s mas t nn ikka iga yan zɣ imusnakn akkʷ nna mi txatr tzrirt ɣ tlslalit, yan zɣ wudmawn izalanen ɣ ussrsl n "probabilité" d umssidf amzwar n "coefficients binomiaux" d "théorème binomial" s umaḍal awtaram, d zɣ dars ad d ikka uglam amzwaru n tawla "Typhoïde*. Isnulfa d mnnawt n tɣawsiwin, ad gisnt naf "Kardan grille", taqcuct n Baguenaudier d usrgl bu tuddsa. Iskr awd kra n twafutin ɣ waljibr, issumr d itsnt tɣarasin ma s frrun tagdiwin "kwartik" d "kubik".
Google assuɣl
Asurif 1 : Almmud n uskkil alatin n Tmaziɣt
Agmmay alatin n tmaziɣt :
Jirulanu Kardanu
Ikka t nn Kardano ɣ umata n tikkal ar ittqmmar s war tnbbaḍt, yan ɣ idlisn nns, Libr di ludo aleae (Adlis f wurarn n wannaz), da gis issidif tazrawt tangrawant akkʷ izwarn n "probabilité" d yan ugzzum iqqnn s uɣndf ula ntta. Yura t ɣ wattayn n 1564, macc ittufsar i tikklt izwarn ḍart n tmttant nns ɣ 1663.
Google assuɣl
Asurif 1 : Almmud n uskkil alatin n Tmaziɣt
1 - iskkiln imqqrann
Jirulanu Kardanu
Tizwiri n tudrt nns d usgmi
thumb|Tin tudrt tanimant, 1821 Ilul d ɣ Pavya Lumbardya d acnti n Fazyu Kardano, yan urgaz dar tlla yat tmfkit ɣ tusnakt, iswuri d anzzarfu d umstan, tsmun t d Lyunardu da Vintci yat tiddukkla idusn. Yura Kardano ɣ tsknudrt nns tanimant f immas Ciyara Micri, mas tswa mnnaw n isafarn n uɣray bac ad t tsḍr; "f uynna s iyi tnna imma, ldin id ɣ udis nns s tkṛiḍt, ɛlayn ad mmtɣ", dat n ad ilul s imikk, ikka t nn ccil f immas ad tmmuti zɣ Milan s Pavya afad ad trwl i ubayyuṛ "ṭṭaɛun", acku netta a s mmutn tarwa nns yaḍnin s kṛaḍ nnsn.
Google assuɣl
Asurif 1 : Almmud n uskkil alatin n Tmaziɣt
2 - iskkiln imẓẓayn
Jirulanu Kardanu
Tizwiri n tudrt nns d usgmi
Ikcm d Kardano ɣ 1520 s tsdawit n Pavya mgal tirat n babas nna as iran tiɣuriwin n uzrf, ḍart yat tmẓi nna mi ixub waḍu, ikturn s tmuḍan ur smidnin, d usgmi icqqan n bu tɣnnant igan babas, yufa nn Jirolano ixf nns ɣ tayri n tflsuft d tussna. Ammas n girra tawṭalyant n 1526-1521, sbzzizn iduba n Pavya f tsdawit ad trgl tifliwin nns ɣ 1524. Ikmml Kardano tiɣri nns ilmma ɣ tsdawit n Padwa, mani ɣ sul yumẓ taduktuṛat nns ɣ tsnijjit aseggʷas n 1525. Ur t tujji tmamkt nns tamnalant igan bizarre ad bahra iskr imddukkal, d ula asiggl n twuri; yut gis tamara dffir mad kullu ismd tɣuriwin nns. Yuzn Kardano tuttriwin nns n wadaf s tɣiwanit n imjjayn ɣ Milan mnnawt n tikkal, mac ur t jju qbln s tmntilt n tsllit nns ixcnn d tlalit nns irkan zun d ucnti, mqqar ɣmkann, kkan t nn ayt tɣiwant ann n imjjayn ar bdda dis ttmciwirn ɣ kraygat tamsalt, f wudm n tɣist nns ur issinn tuccḍa.
Google assuɣl
Asurif 1 : Almmud n uskkil alatin n Tmaziɣt
G.M : Zik llan iskkiln "ț", "ʐ", macc ɣilad ur sul llin.
Jirulanu Kardanu
Tizwiri n tizzlt (carrière) nns d amjjay
Ira yadlli Kardano ad ixdm tasnijjit nns ɣ yat tmdint imqqurn igan tansbaɣurt zun d Milan, mac ur as tettufka turagt i tmskrt nns, ɣmkann ma f iɣts ad izdɣ tiɣrmt n Sakkulugu, ɣ ixdm tsnijjit nns bla kra n turagt. Itahl ɣinna Lucia Banderini ɣ 1531, yuru dis kṛaḍ tazzanin dat tmttant nns ɣ 1546, ad tn igan d Jyuvanni Battista (1543), Ciyara (1537) d Aldo Urbani (1543). Yura sul Kardano ḍart yat tizi f wussan nna; mas gisn izzri tumrt s timmad nns.
Iɣʷi d Kardano s twisi n idsn iristuqraṭiyn yat tsɣent ɣ uslmd n tusnakt ammas n Milan. Dffir mad yumẓ turagt nns tasjjant, ixdm tusnakt d tsnijjit s yat tikklt, jjin f ufus nns imuḍan bahra stawhmmanin, yurri d ilmma s tmntilt ad iga yan zɣ idukturn akkʷ nna s da ttllin middn ammas n Milan, is d akkʷ yufa ɣ 1536 ad ifl tawuri nns n uslmd, d mqqar jju ur isbidd tararit nns n taynit s tusnakt, tlkm d ccnɛt nns ɣ igr asjjan kra n iskʷfal attuynin, urmn akkʷ iristuqraṭiyn ad t-ssaggugn f Milan. Yura sul Kardano ḍart yat tizi mas yuga ɣ wakud ann iskanen d kkanin igllidn n Danimark d Franṣa, d ula tagllidt n Skutlanda.
Google assuɣl
Iɣbula :
Taggayt:Tasenselkimt
Jirulanu Kardanu
Isggʷasn nns imggura d tmttant nns
Sin ɣ tarwa n Kardano — Giovanni Battista d Aldo Urbano — gulan nn tgiriwin timezdarin. Giovanni Battista, amnzu d umayuf nns, ittwazrf s tubbya n yixf ɣ 1560, acku inɣa tamɣart nns s irin ḍart mad yufa tarwa nns s kṛaḍ nnsn ur akkʷ gin winns. Aldo Urbano ittublan s tqmmaṛt, igdl fellas babas tukkust ɣ 1569 acku ikka t nn da as ittakʷr iqariḍn nns.
Immuti Kardano zɣ Pavya s Bulunya, zɣ yat tsga; acku ifls s mas d ikka uɣtas n "exécution" n Jyuvanni nns tazrirt n taẓit nns d tmrslt takadimikt ammas n Pavya, d tusmin nna as usin imidawn nns f ismdutn nns ussnanin, d acku t-rubln altu s tumliwin n wunufn ignusann d inlmadn nns.
Ittyamaẓ Kardano dar "Inquisition" ɣ 1570 s itsnt tmntal tirussinin, ittubzzaz fllas ad izzri yan mnnaw n wayyurn ɣ ubniq d ad d isḍr tasɣnt ann nns n uslmd. Immuti s Ṛuma, yumẓ gis yat "annuity" ar timḍlt zɣ dar ubaba Griguri wiss-13 (dffir mad yuga ubaba Pius wiss semmus tuttra nns), ismd ilmma ɣinna taskndurt nns tanimant.
Ittyawqbal ɣ tɣiwant tagldant n imjjayn, ikmml waxxa ɣmkann f tzrawin nns tiflsufiyin s uzday d tmskirt nns n tsnijjit ar tamttant nns ɣ 1576.
Isaɣuln
-{ }-
Taggayt:Tasengama
Uṭṭunn imaziɣn
Uṭṭunn imaziɣn
Taggayt:ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ
Barrux Spinuẓa
Barrux Spinuẓa iga yan seg iflsufn imqqran
Taggayt:Taflsuft
Asrdun
Iga Asrdun iwis n uɣyyul d tagmart. Ur akk iẓḍiṛ ad yaru. Ar sis tkkrazn middn acku ijja d ur iɣli i willi ranin ad tt sɣn.
Timrslt Muḥmmad 5 i twisi
Timrslt Muḥmmad 5 i twisi tga tamɣribit, ar tswuray g yigr n umyawas anamun, ar ttaws i middn d inmurin imɣrabin, ar ttaws middn afad ad ddrn nttini d warraw nnsn ilin addur. Tga tmrslt ad tanamurt acku ar tswuray g Lmɣrib d ar ttaws i yinmurin imɣribin mk nna gan. Tirsal n timrslt ad isrs tnt ugllid amɣribi Ḥasan 2 g usggas n 1999, ass n 5 Yulyuz. Assa, anssixf n timrslt Muḥmmad 5 iga t ugllid n Lmɣrib Muḥmmad VI, mac sg ddaw as illa yan usqqim iḍfarn i ugllid, asqqim ad nttan a ittnbaḍn g timrslt.
iwttasn :
Timrslt n Muḥmmad V dars tugt n iwttasn izdin s tudrt n unmuri amɣribi, zdin ula s tmazirt n Lmɣrib :
Isaɣuln
Taggayt:Amyawas
Usman (Tarabbut)
Tarabbut n Usman tega yat ɣ trubba timzwura ɣ tizi yan wanaw n umarg d uzawan amaziɣ atrar. Anaw ad ibna f imassn imaynutn, macc ur rad iẓu d umarg aqqbur mqqar t ur irwas.
Taqqniḍrt
Taqqniḍrt tga yan ugḍiḍ ittzdaɣen g ddaw iskla neɣ g taganin. Tga yan ugḍiḍ amẓẓay zund Ajawji, macc mzagalen g ikkʷlan, Taqqniḍrt gis awṛaɣ d uẓrwal.
Usman (Tarabbut)
Amzruy
Lligh syafan imeslayen n Agraw Lmrruk x Icnubuccn d Isnifilen n Tussna (ALIIT) (Amrec) mas ad iqqan ad snnulfun imassen n twuri nesn, swingmn ad skrn yat trabbut n uzawan.
Taqqniḍrt
Isaɣuln
Taggayt:Igḍaḍ
Usman (Tarabbut)
Tarabbut Yay
ΓU Uzwaru rad tyawskar yat taymunt ɣ illa Ali Mumen d Brahim Midêran. Taymunt ad n uzawan ad ifkan tarabbut n Yah.
Ar aseggwas n 1974, ttuskar Yah tsat ar teskar iwizen nes zwarnin gh timeghriwin, ar tawes ɣ twuriwin yâḍen zun d tin imḥdarn, ar gisn ttals i urarn iqburn.
Iwiz nnes mqquren
Ass n 29 mars gh useggwas n 1975 ad tesker trabbut ad iwiz nnes mqquren gh Rbât gh usays n Muhammad wis Semmus.
Tarabbut n Usman
lligh izri umussu yad issusm imasayen n tamsmunt, swingem ad sbdeln assaɣ i trabbut tasid yan wassaΓ ilan tamatart. Mkan af as gan Usman lli irzzan talest n yiḍ. Tlal trabbut lligh llan ɣakudan sdîs inazurn : Ɛmmuri Mbark, SAid BijAaden, Sàid Butrufin, Belàid Leàkkaf, Tariq Lemàrufi d lyazid Lqurfi.
Amuddu amzwaru
ɣ usggwas n 1977 ussan n 5 d 6 ɣ w-ayur n brayr rat tayl usman s tmazirt n fransa, bac attawz asens amzwaru ɣ lulambiyad n Bariz. Amuddu yad li rast ismmiqqirn di i mrrukay n t mazirt nfransa. li baḥra yaɣ irifi nu amarg amrruki, baḥra yak gis win iclḥay nsus.
Tamdazt
Lligh tesmed trabbut, tamêz abrid ad tefka yan udem yâden i uzâwan amazigh. Gh umezwaru, timedyazin lli ttirir gant timaynutin, gant tin imedyazen lli isaten ar ttaran amarg yâden, amarg n tirra zund igellin Ali Azayku, d igellin n Gw Ugectim, d axyat, d Mustawi. ɣ mnid yâden, Usman ur ar ttiriren ghas s teclhîyt, uraren kran n igezzumen s trifiyt d tmazight n Atlas. Ran s uya ad rêzen iwetta nger tantaliwin n wawal amazigh. Mekli dagh ssekcmen imassen imaynuten fken yan udem yâden i tiyyat timazighin.
Taggayt:ⴰⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ
Lḥajj Blɛid
Iga Lḥajj Blɛid (s ism nns iɣzzifn: Blɛid u Brik Da Bihi) yan ṛṛays amaziɣ asusi aclḥi. Ilul gr 1870 d 1875 ɣ Wanu n ɛddu ɣ Idaw Baɛqil, immt ɣ 1945. Ig yan ɣ tmatarin mqqurnin n usnulfu amaziɣ ɣ tsga ittuyassann ɣilad s Sus d idɣarn lli ɣ tettyusawal tutlayt taclḥit. Ur nssin kigan f umzruy nns mqqar nẓḍaṛ ad nini mas tman(?) d isnifiln imqrann lli issn iffus n Lmɣrib ɣ tasutin-ann timggura zɣ ma d-ggʷran imɣarn mqqurnin satn ar ṛẓẓan inkan lli f tbidd tamtti taqburt ar srusn iwutta (iggutta) n idawn (idɣarn) d tmyurin yaḍn inmalan d tudrt ingʷan ɣ tgadirin nnsn mqqurnin. Rad iniɣ, mas d lliɣ d ggʷran imɣarn mqqurnin zun d Amtuggi, Aglawi... d wiyyaḍ, fkan udm yaḍn i tnbaḍt ɣ tsga ad kksn-tt zzɣ ifassn n inflas n tqbilt; ɣmk-ann nit ad satnt(?) tɣawsiwin yaḍnin, zun d amarg d insayn iqburn, ar ttffuɣn igr nns amtti ar lssan timlsa yaḍn inmalan d isnulfutn lli d ssggʷran-d inbaḍn-ad.
Paulette Galand-Pernet, lli yaran kigan n tzrawin f umarg d insayn isusiyn, tnna ɣ warratn nns lli d tsfaɣ ɣ usggʷas n 1972, mas iga umarg n Rrways timdyazin n imariren mi ur ig tawwuri nns amr amarg; ar tnt skarn, gin-asnt tiyyt nnsnt, ar zzrign timizar s tiyyaḍ, ilin f kran trabbut ɣ llan iɛzrayen ittlmadn anaw ad n umarg; amzwar n trabbut-ad ad igan Ṛṛays.
Iɣ nsawl f ṛṛways, idrus ma ɣ ar nttettu Lḥajj Blɛid; acku nttan ad ifln titggarin ittusllan. Lḥajj Blɛid, ṛṛays amdyaz nnɣ atrubadur, ifl timitar-nns ɣ umarg amaziɣ ɣ tsga n Sus. Ilul ɣ Wanu n ɛddu ɣ tsggiwin n Tiznit. Ur nssun man asggʷas ad ilul, illa may tinin mas d illul gr 1870 d 1875. Nnant krant tmsiggilin (Alexis Chotin d Paulette Galand-Pernet) mas rad dars ilin 60 n usggʷas ɣ usggʷas n 1933. Tawja-nns ur teṭṭif yat, sul mmtn ayt dars lliɣ sul imẓẓiy. Iffɣ timzgida ikcm i kraygat anaw n twwuri afad ad irar mas ictta tiram zun d tayssa, ccmutiyt iheyyaden lliɣ ilkem Taẓṛwalt, lli ɣ ittyumḍal yan zzɣ igʷrramn imqrann n Sus Sidi Ḥmad u Musa.
Taẓṛwalt lli igan adɣar s nn akkʷ ttasin middn aḍan a ɣ innurẓm wul-nns s umarg d uẓawan. Ikcm ad ig anlmad ɣ trabbut ismann kra ɣ inmɣurn n umarg n tizi-ann. Ur izri yat s lliɣ isker ntta yat trabbut, lkmn-t-inn wiyyaḍ. ,Munn i umarg d rribab zun d Muḥmmad Budrɛa, Ali Aswiriy d Mbaṛk belleḥsen ; ig tiswar i idukan-nns ar ittkka timizar d tqbilin ; tizi yan ad yurar aylli nit sul ittnunuyn ɣ imzgan n imsfliden imaziɣn. Awin-t ibrdan ar tigmma n inmɣurn n tqbilin d inflas n Lmxzn ɣ Sus. Tugt n turarin-nns ar mmalnt idrfan mqqurnin n tudrt-nns.
Amarg nnes Iga yat tugga f isnifiln imttitn ittmnid ɣ imi n tasut tis 20 ; tizi lli n kcmn imɣarn Sus, iḍfr tn inn fransis ; d mamnk as ẓḍaṛn ad snfln tummnda n mddn snfln timlsit i ussan nnsn.
Tudrt nns
thumb|Passport n Lḥajj blɛid lli ɣ ittyura mas d illul ɣ 1875.|alt=Irwas is d ilul Lḥaj Blɛid ɣ ixf n tasut tis 19 gr 1870 d 1875, ɣik lli s nnant Alexis Chottin d Paulette Galland. Iga yiws n usklu n Ayt Da Bihi, yucka-d zzɣ Ibaɛqiln. Immut as babas Bihi Da Brik lliɣ sul imẓẓiy. Iddr timẓi-nns d mas Rqiya illis n Ɛli n udwwar n Tamaɛit lli illan ɣ tsga n Imsggin tama n Ugadir. Idda iɣra-d ɣ timzgid ɣ udwwar lliɣ d nit illul Anu n ɛddu ɣ tsga n Tznit, tkka-tt-in tawja-nns ur teṭṭif yat, ayann ad yujjan innas ad t-tssfɣ zzɣ tmzgid bac ad ig amksa. lliɣ tt-inn ikka ar itdda ad ikssa izammarn ar bdda dis itawi taɣanimt-nns bac ad sis ilhu ixf-nns, ɣik ann a's ssnn middn is dars mad itini ɣ umarg.
Lliɣ-d yurri Lḥajj Blɛid s Fransa ɣ usggas n 1938, yumẓ urgaz ad "ttrita" nns ɣ taẓuṛi. Lliɣ idda ad d-ikk dar Aglawu Thami ɣ ammas n Taliwin, ihrc yuḍn ixf nns kran 3 imalasn aylliɣ immut ass n 15 Mayu 1946. Mḍln-t ɣ tamdint n Wanu n ɛddu ( Aḍwwaṛ lli ɣ nit illul ). Ɣ wass n 30 Mayu 1938, iffɣ as "lpassport" nns ɣ Ugadir lli ɣ ittyura mas d ilul ɣ 1875.
Aspinuṣuṛ
thumb|Aspinuṣuṛ Aspinuṣuṛ iga yan wanaw n iḍinuẓuṛn iddrn ɣ iẓẓlmd n tfṛiqt kra n 95 ugndid (amlyun) n usggʷas, amassan Arnset stṛumṛ zzɣ tasdawit n ludfiɣ maksimilyan ɣ myunix yufa ɣ umzwaru n tasut tiss simraw (20) aḍinuẓuṛ ad ɣ taɣliwin¹ n yill ɣ tagut n miṣṛ d iga yas assaɣ n aspinuṣuṛ amiṣri, d iska² ɣ usggʷas n 1944 yan usalay³ ɣ myunix ifsr gis ixsan n uḍinuẓuṛ ad macc ixʷla usalay ad s yat tsnfrt ɣ imnɣi amaḍlan wiss sin, d ɣaman ɣar tiwlafin d tamawin⁴ ittyuran f aspinuṣuṛ.
Ffir n 100 n usggʷas ra ddaɣ ttyufan ixsan nns macc tikklit ad ɣ umṛṛuk s ufus n yat trabbut n imrzun (isnabbucn) s tnara n umassan niẓaṛ ibṛahim, d dissn umassan samir zzhri zzɣ tasddawit n lḥsn wiss sin. G umṛṛuk ttyufan igaluzn⁵ n tɣssa⁶ ns ɣ tggayin n ukal aẓggʷaɣ ɣ tmnaḍin narfud, ɣilli iɣ yadlli llan isaffn ɣ tizi yan. Ma igan abida⁷ ɣ uḍinuẓuṛ ad mas yadlli iẓḍaṛ a ikcm s umaḍal n waman d a igʷmmr islman d imudar n waman i yadlli illan ɣ isaffn ann, d iṭṭaf yan ucṭṭab ar ilkkm ar 6 n id mitru nttan as a yadlli ittcucf ɣ waman (zund aɣucaf), d nttan a igan aḍinuẓuṛ amsksum i kullu imqqurn lli nssn ar ɣil ad.
Lḥajj Blɛid
Amarg
Amarg n ṛṛays Lḥajj Blɛid iga yat tugga f isnifiln imttitn ittmnid ɣ imi n tasuta tis 20; tizi lli ɣ nn-kcmn imɣarn Sus, ḍfrn-tn inn ifṛansisn; d manmk a's ẓḍaṛn ad snfln tummnda n middn snfln timlsit i ussan-nnsn.
Tusnakt
Tbḍa tusnakt f kigan n iẓlan zun d: tasnmḍant, aljibr, aslaḍ, tanzggit, tamẓla tusnaktant, atg. illa ula yan usngiri gr tusnakt tazddagt d tusnakt tawsnast.
Aspinuṣuṛ
Taggayt:Imudar
Lḥajj Blɛid
Amarg
Ɣ tudrt-nns, iskr Lḥajj Blɛid kigan n umarg, ɣwid ad bahra zgisn ittussan :
Tusnakt
Tmyalla tusnakt f tmassanin yaḍn s uzday nns war anaw d tilawt acku ur ar gis tettusmras tamawt d waram f tɣawsiwin tigamanin. Tga tusnakt tamdwant (tin twngimt) s uɣrud nns, acku tɣsr f igjda mi nttini timidiyin (anamk nns mas ur zrin igjda ad ɣ waram, waxxa aha ttyafrakn) nɣ f tndagin ittwadggan ar kra n tizi yaḍn. Ar tzrri tinawt tamusnaktt nna mi ttinin, addag tzri, askkud, tasumrt, tamnzut,… kudnna iḍfr inaw tt issɣsrn d nna d issufɣn tidt nns ka n tuskiwt taɣẓnant mi nttini tasɣẓnt, nɣ askan amẓẓul. Tinawt nna idusn, maka ur ta d iffiɣ is tga tidt, ar as nttini turda.
Lḥajj Blɛid
Tiguriwin n umarg-nns
</Div>
Gwatimala
thumb|Gwatimala Gwatimala (s tasblyunit: Guatemala) s ism unṣib Tagduda n Gwatimala (s tasblyunit: República de Guatemala) tga yat tamazirt ɣ tamirikt tanammast, ɣ iwtta nns tlla Miksik, d Biliz, d Kribi,d Handuras d Silfadur. Ilkm uṭṭun n imzdaɣn nns kra n 15.88 mlyun n ufgan. Tga Gwatimala yat tamazirt imqqurn s imzdaɣn ɣ umnẓaw n tmirikt tanammast.
Tusnakt
Mqqar akk gant tyafutin n tusnakt timiditin igan bahra talɣanin, Ar nn nttafa asnas nnsnt ɣ tiyyaḍ tussniwin d ula ɣ yigran imyallan n tetiqnit.
Gwatimala
Tumẓ Gwatimala azarug nns f Ṣblyun g usggas 1821, tllan d tmbṛaṭurt n Miksik. Dffir ma tuɣal tamazirt tamzarugt g unggaru, tnbḍ t trbaɛt n imnbaḍn isnarafn s twisi n tdrawt imunn n igumma. Tẓṛi Gwatimala g unggaru n tasut tis samraw imnɣi agnsan ysqimn 36 n usggas. Dffir imnɣi, tẓṛi Gwatimala kigan n istayn inamurn g unggaru nnsn g usggas 2007.
Lḥajj Blɛid
Isaɣuln
Taggayt:Inaẓurn iclḥiyn Taggayt:Rways
Tusnakt
Aẓur n wawal
thumb|277x277px|Uklid ( Euclide ) Tusnakt tga yat tguri tamaynut nna ɣ llan sin iwaliwn tussna d kti (tussna= science, ket = mesurer; tusnakt= science de mesure (mathématiques), tussna n wektay).
Amzruy
Nẓḍar ad nini mas isbuɣla ufgan tusnakt ur ta ttyafant tirra. tiɣawsiwin timzwura igan tugga f tsugar n ussiḍn gan tnt iɣryan n ussiḍn, zun d iɣss n icangu (ɣ tfrikt) nna mi yaɣul usakud ar 20,000 n usggas. ittyaɣan usbuɣlu n tusnakt nna igan tussniwin ittusnkadn ɣ tɣrmiwin timzwura s usnas nns akmam: asɣnzi, aswuddu n tyafutin n tkrza, asɣil n tjummiwin, inɣmisn f tmsarin n tsnayrart, d idsnt tikkal asnas n izrfan isgdann.
Isbuɣlutn imzwura nna tssn tusnakt izdin s ussufɣ n iẓuran imkkuẓn, iẓuran igasasan, afssay n tagdiwin tigtfulin, taktkrdist, assiḍn imrẓi, tasnmḍant n ummidn igamann... ttwaskarn ɣ tɣrmiwin n ikadyann, ibabiln, ijibtiyn, icinwitn nɣ ula ɣ wasif n hindus.
Tiws tɣrma tanslmt ɣ wuḍuf n ukkusu agriki d usmrks nns d tyafutin ticinwiyin d thindiyin, s lawan akk ɣ tmtta n usnkd n imḍann. ttusmɣrnt twuriwin timusnakin ula ɣ umkraḍakt (asnkd n tsɣunin timkraḍaktanin) uggar n tsnmḍant. tettusnulfa day tettusmɣr tslḍt tamsuddst, taslḍt tazwilan d ljabr agtful.
Ɣ «tlalit tamaynut n tsuta tiss XII», ittyaskar uzraw d usuɣl i kra n iḍrisn igrikitn d waɛrabn s tlattant. asiggl amusna innumms nn ɣ turuft. Ɣ tsuta tiss XVI tettusbuɣla, s ungmḍ d byir n la-rami (Pierre de La Ramée), tswingmt n is tlla yat tmassant tamaḍlant nna s nufa ad dars nsbdd tussniwin. yannay nn dikart zɣ 1629, ɣ ilugan i uswala n unlli, allfusn nna tettakka tusnakt afad ad turar tilalt ann. yuwi d dikart, ɣ inaw n tɣarast, alday n tusnakt, «s usrag n war turda d uman n tɣẓinin nns». ar ittimɣur usiḍn n ljar ḍfrn tt s usrid twuriwin n byitt d tin dikart. day isnulfa nyuṭun d libniz asiḍn amziryan argaran.
Ɣ tsuta tiss XVII, iɣḍf galili mas tga tusnakt imiss irwan i uglam n umaḍal agaman, aya nufa ad tt nssgzl d mas ttyaran ilgamn n ugama s yat tutlayt tamusnakt. ihi tskr tusnakt d twada tanaramt, yan zɣ sin iɣzdisn n tmrniwt n tussniwin titrarin.
Ɣ taɣzi tasut tiss 18 d tiss XIX, tssn tusnakt yan ubuɣlu ḍart uzraw anagraw n tuskiwin, tssnti s tgrumma igan tayafut n twuriwin n galwa f tigda tigtfulin, d izbgan nna issnkd didkind.
Tssn tsuta tiss XIX asbuɣlu n yat tẓri tagjdant, f tɣawsiwin akk ttuzrawnin, s twuri n kantur d hilbirt, iga tt usiggl n iskuttuyn imusnakn. tga tgjdant ad abrid nna ḍffrn tugt n imusnakn n tsuta tiss 20 fara ad rzun ad snmln tusnakin akk s iws n yat tmslayt, ad tt igan d tmẓla tamusnakt.
Tssn tsuta tiss XX yan ubuɣlu imqqurn ɣ tusnakt s yan uẓlay n taɣulin, d tlalit d usmɣr n kigan n iẓlan imaynutn (zun d: tiẓri n wakat, tiẓri tanwlaft, tusndɣart n ljabr d tnzggit n ljabr). Ula tasnslkimt illa dars yan yiḍiṣ f usiggl. Ɣ yat tsga, issrxa amyawaḍ d udraw n tussniwin, ɣ tsga yaḍnin tfka yan imiss i ussmnid s imdyatn. Amussu ad yiwi d asmudm d uszwl.
Taɣulin
Ar bahra ittusmras ubṭṭu n tusnakt f sin, kraḍ ar kkuẓ n iẓlan imyallan : ljabr d tslḍt, nɣ ljabr, taslḍt d tnzggit, nɣ ljabr, taslḍt, tanzggit d tsqqar. Iẓlan zun d wid ur umann d ur bahra ttusuttan iwtta ibḍḍun gratsn. Acku tuggt n tyafutin timusnakin ar sɣawsant s tsugar d iddan zɣ taɣulin mzaraynin. zun d askkud n Wilṣ, nna ittuɣsrn ɣ 1994. Mknna ttyuskar s tɣarast igan tasnmḍant, as isɣawsa usiskn nns s tsugar imqqurn ɣ tslḍt d tnzggit.
Taɣulin timatayin
Aljibr iga t tgrumma n tɣarasin ttwaskarnin i uzraw d usbuɣlu n tuskiwin n waljibr d i uɣtam n wassaɣn llanin grasnt. Gant tigda tigtfulin d usbuɣlu n tɣarasin n uslaḍ asala amzruyan n waljibr s unamk nns atrar: asiggl ɣ taɣulin ad icuncg tamunt n tmsniwin iskan tiẓri n tgrummiwin, n tẓri n galwa nɣ ula win tnzggit.
Ar tkkat tnzggit ɣ tizwiri ad trms tiɣawsiwin ɣ tallunt, ḍar as tiriw s tzrawt n tɣariwin n tɣawsiwin bahra igan timadwanin, s tugt n tsktiwin, ittusnkdn s uḍfur n tugt n tmyadasin, d iffɣn zɣ tslḍt d ula zɣ ljabr.
Ar kkatnt tsqqar s ussiriw ad susktnt akk ma add d iddan zɣ uguran. Ssnent tysnẓitin uggar n ma izrin yan usmaynu s tẓri n wakat. Iskr d urmas n ilgamn igurann, nna tt yuwin uggar ɣ isfka yad illan, asiḍn.
Imawaln n tusnakt n tmaziɣt
Amawal umniḍ DGLAi n Asinag Agldan n Tussna Tamaziɣt, s kraḍ tutlayin (tamaziɣt tatrart tamɣribit - tafransist - taɛrabt) [Alink nns ]
Taggayt:Tussna Taggayt:Tusnakt
Mali
Mali (s tfransist: ​Mali) s talɣa tazgrart Tagduda n Mali, tga yat tagduda illan ɣ ugafa n tafriqt tzri tjumma nns 1.240.000 km², yiwḍ uṭṭun n imzdaɣ nns uggar n 18 mlyun n ufgan. Tamaẓunt nns tga tiɣrmt n Bamako, illa gis 8 n tmnaḍin, d iwtta nns llan ɣ wammas n tnzruft imqqurn. D iffus n tmazirt lliɣ llan kigan n imzdaɣn izri gis wasif n Nijir d asif n Sinigal. Tadamsa n tmazirt tbdd f takrza d tagmrt n yill. Illa ɣ tmazirt n Mali tugt n izurag zun d urɣ d yuranyum d tisnt.
Isaɣuln
Taggayt:ⵎⴰⵍⵉ Taggayt:ⵜⵉⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ
Tanfalit n Stirling
thumb Tanfalit n Stirling nɣ Tamawaẓt n Stirling tga ɣ tusnakt, yat tnfalit nna yakkan agdazal n uskir n yan umḍan ummid agaman n iɣ yaẓ n i wartmi:
nna nttafa tettyura ula s tɣarast ad:
maɣ e ɣid tga amḍan n tusnakt ikspununsyal.
Amzruy
Brahim du Mwavr ad akk izwarn is yufa tanfalit ad ddaw-as:
maɣ C tga yat timzgit tilawt (ur igaddan d amya)
Mad ifka nɣ mad izayd Stirling i tanfalit ad iga-tt atig n timzgit, iga y'as fad ad aɣ tfk asbuɣlu n ln(n!) i kraygat amizzwr.
Atig ɣ wartmi
Bac ad nit ntḥqqaq is nit ar ttaẓ tanfalit ad i atig n n!, nẓḍar ad nɛdl taflwit ad lli aɣ immaln atign n n! d win s sin-itsn:
Isaɣuln
( en ) ( fr )  Tẓḍarm ad tafim amgrad ad ɣ Wikipidya tafransist (Formule de Stirling) d Wikipidya tanglizt (Stirling's approximation) rad gisn tafim uggar n ɣaylli yad illan ɣid.
Ẓṛ uggar
Taggayt:Tusnakt Taggayt:Tussna
Aḥwac n taskiwin
vignette|Tawlaft n tarabbut n uḥwac n taskiwin, adwwaṛ n irḥḥaln g ilbnsirn timzgadiwin.Taskiwin, anaw n uḥwac amaziɣ, sul iddrn ɣ gr urarn n middn ili sul g iffuglutn n imaziɣn izdɣn ɣ iẓẓlmḍ n udrar n drn, mqqar ittidras uḥwac ad ar ittmtat ɣ tmyurin nnsn. Iga uḥwac ad n tskiwin ayda d fln imzwura imaziɣn i tussna n ufgan. tili dars tamatart iggutn ɣ iskkinn n tussna tamaziɣt, ifk wanaw ad n uḥwac tugga xf kigan  n imsarn izrin ɣ umzruy izdin d imnɣi. aḥwac n taskiwin ila addur akswat g tussna d fln middn n zik, ig tandra n iman nnsn g tizi n imnɣan nnsn, ig awd taɣlaɣalt nnsn d ikkan zikk n tasutin. Iḥwac n taskiwin tga t ɣilad UNESCO ɣ uɣawas nns iẓlin s wayda d fln imzwura ɣ tussna n ufgan, d lliɣ ira uḥwac ad aḥṭṭu iggutn ḥma a iɣama ɣ tmyurt n ufgan amaziɣ ad ur immt.
Aḥwac n taskiwin araɣ issktay amzruy nnɣ d imnɣan izrin ɣ tmnaḍt ann ɣ illa wanaw ad n uḥwac, d imussutn n tunnunt lli gis illan, lli aɣ issktayn tiddas d turrgza n irgazn ɣ imnɣi, ig uḥwac n taskiwin tullist tt allsn middn f imnɣi lli izrin. Ar ssfaln imussutn n uḥwac n taskiwin  s taɣḍft d tiggʷs ḥma ad kcmn i imnɣi (ijɣaym), d iɣ nn ukin f ufna (askkur - butska - ḥrrk uccn), d iɣ ukin iwutta d iḍṛṛasn, d iɣ gan imnayn (ahyyaḍ - lmizan - bjjr afullus), iɣ a ttllin s tmatart ifl ufna ɣ ḍaṛat nns, ar sis ttllin ( fttc akal), d iɣ rwln niɣ iɣ rkʷsn (amklb - hrd), d iɣ rnan imnɣi immt ufna ( ufuɣ - assuss). imussutn ad munn d uzduqqṛ n wawgaln, d usinṣg n tgʷmamt, d uẓawan n wallun. Ar ttḥwacn imurar aḥwac ad ɣ yat tsutlt iqqnn, acku imurar gan am imnayn lli itt qqln s ufna ad t glin, tg tsutlt ad tamatart n  twizi d tamunt n tqbilin  g ussan n imnɣi, ku yan zɣ trabbut ann ar ittbddad ɣ udɣar nns, iḥuwc iẓṛ ula imddukkʷal nns lli dis ittḥwacn ɣ usays.
Ittyawssan ufgan amaziɣ s tayri nns i tẓuṛi d ufulki d tayri tasutin f tasutin ayad, tg tzdugi d igamiwn aɣbalu n iswingm nns lli s iẓḍa ifalan zwarn n tifras n tussna nns d tmagit nns tamaziɣt. iẓli ufgan amaziɣ aẓawan nns ɣ tlla tɣlaɣalt n isaffn n tayri d unaruz d tiddas awd  tumrt. ifk as mayan tudrt ibuɣlan s isyafatn n wafulki d iman iɣusn n tfganit, ifrk awd s watig n tirlli yattuyn, ifk as adɣar nns g usgd awd tasrtit, d tdamsa, tili awd ɣ uẓawan nns d tussna d tskla nns akkʷ.
Zɣ tmagit n tirlli ad zɣ ilal unaẓuṛ amaziɣ, lli yurmn kigan n izzʷgar n isaffn n tudrt s ma tla n ikʷlan. tg dars tudrt tamaziɣt tamgdudt ifri ɣ ad itt agʷm i tẓuṛi nns…ig unaẓuṛ g tffugliwin d tmɣriwin d tfaskiwin, tissit n tudrt n middn, isulf tasrtit d tskla d tdamsa d usgd s tẓuṛi nns, immaɣ a iml udm n tmagit nns i umaḍal, tamagit ann taẓawant, tamagit ann tasklant, tamagit ann iẓlin s ufgan amaziɣ ur iṭṭfn anaw.
Taẓuṛi n uḥwac
vignette|Tawlaft n tarabbut n uḥwac n taskiwin, adwwaṛ n irḥḥaln g ilbnsirn timzgadiwin. Aḥwac lli igan tamunt ig tarabbut ig awd udm n twizi yaḍnin. isman uḥwac tarabbut n ufgan d umarg d uẓawan, isman s ɣikan isyafatn n middn. ur iẓli uḥwac s urgaz awd tawtmt, ur igi win wid mẓẓiyn awd wid mqquṛn isman middn akkʷ, d ur igli middn s kra n uṭṭun, aḥwac ismun middn zɣ sin ar ifḍ n ufgan d uggar.
Anawn ad n iḥwacn mmrksnin llan g sus, aḥwac n ida usmlal ur igi aḥwac n awluẓ, illa kra n uzilal grasn ɣ uẓawan d uklu d tɣarast lli sa gis tt ḥucn. ilin tmnaḍin mqqar iga wassaɣ / ism yan, macc aḥwac ur igi yan, anawn n iḥwacn illan ɣ udrar n drn mqquṛn ur igi am iḥwacn illan g udrar n laṭlaṣ amṛwaṣu, ur mmrwasn ɣ izli awd imassn ula  ur gin yan ɣ uklu n trabbut d tɣarast n uḥwac. abṭṭu ad illan ngr aḥwac n udrar n drn mqquṛn d udrar amṛwaṣu d sus akkʷ d lḥuz, irwas is d ikka anaw n tzdgi d igamiwn lliɣ zdɣn imaziɣn, ig umzruy awd nttan zɣ a illi iffaln tifiras nns g tẓuṛi d tussna akkʷ.
Iḥwacn lli akkʷ illan ɣ tussna tamaziɣt mqqar gan anawn iggutn, iga yat tẓuṛi lli s tẓli tussna tamaziɣt, ig ayda lli d fln imzwura i ufgan dis yusin aklu n tɣrma d tmagit tamaziɣt.
Timlsit n uḥwac ur tgi yat, ku tamazirt man tmlsit lssan imurar g uḥwac. d kra iga tt tamurt tẓli tmlsit nnsn g tffugliwin nnsn d tmyurin nnsn, iɣ nẓṛa timlsit ɣ iḥwacn n ayt tmazirt n Waqqa d tsktant d Ṭaṭa ur gint am tmlsa n iḥwacn n ayt uzaɣar n Tznit, d xtid akkʷ ur gint zun d tinn lli lssan ayt udrar n laṭlaṣ, ig mayan a illi iẓlin s kra iga tt tamazirt. inawn ad n tmlsa d ikʷlan ad immrkksn g tmizar iga afulki lli tla tɣrma tamaziɣt, lli mi iṛcm umzruy tifras nns.
Aẓawan n uḥwac awd nttan immrkks iggut iga  anawn ɣ uḥwac amaziɣ. ilin sin wanawn n isaffn n uẓawan, amzwaru : aẓawan amaziɣ azayku, lli ur iffaɣn isaffn n umarg azayku amaziɣ, ig awd nttan sin wanawn yan iga aclḥi wis sin iga abudrar, d wanaw wis sin ɣ isaffn n uẓawan illa : aẓawan n tafriqt, lli igan aẓawan d ikkan agʷns n tfriqt lli imann g yan uklu n izli ar as tt inin ‘gnawa / tagnawit’.
Bayfru
vignette Bayfru iga yan ugḍiḍ imqqurn, ila aqnqab iɣzzifn, ila ssdr awraɣ.
Aḥwac n taskiwin
Taẓuṛi n uḥwac
Isaffn n uẓawan amaziɣ ar tn izuzzur wallun, d isaffn n uẓawan n tfriqt ar tn izuzzur ganga iman dis awd wallun. aẓawan ad n tfriqt ar tin bahra nttafa g laṭlaṣ mẓẓiyn d ugʷns n iffus d iffus atawan.
Iḥwacn n umaziɣ llan f smmust tiwal (أشكال), mqqar iga uḥwac win irgazn waha niɣ iga win irgazn d tmɣarin niɣ win tmɣarin waha niɣ iga win tfrxin.
Tiwal n iḥwacn
Tiwal ad n uḥwac illa maɣ munnt ɣ yan wanaw n uḥwac, ili maɣ gis yat niɣ snat, illa daɣ maɣ issfal uḥwac s umaɣʷd idwr s tsutlt iqqnn, d iɣ issfal s sin imaɣʷdn mgabalnin ibṛṛm s tsutlt iqqnn, idwr s tiwal yaḍnin, ig uḥwac s iklli t iglli (uɛllam / ṛṛays), nttan ad asn immaln tizi nna ɣ rad tdwr twila n uḥwac s tayyaḍ, zɣ wad ikʷnan s umaɣʷd niɣ zɣ tsutlt ar sin ikʷnan. ili anaw n uḥwac lli itt ɣaman g yat twila, iɣama fllas ar d ikmml iwiz, iklli illan g kra n tasgiwin n sus.
Zɣ wanawn n uḥwac lli illan, ra nbdr, aḥwac n taskiwin. vignette|Tarabbut n uḥwac n taskiwin, adwwaṛ n irḥḥaln g ilbnsirn timzgadiwinvignette|Tawlaft n tarabbut n uḥwac n taskiwin, adwwaṛ n irḥḥaln g ilbnsirn timzgadiwin.
Tiqbilin ɣ illa uḥwac n taskiwin
...
Yusi uḥwac n taskiwin, ism n taskiwin, zɣ tiskt n izimmr iṛcmn s ifalan d ikʷlan lli tt ggan imarirn f tɣṛuḍt nnsn taẓlmaḍt.
inin imzwura mas tt inn kkan imarirn n uḥwac n taskiwin ar tt ggan lbaṛuḍ ɣ tiskt sslkmn tt i udwwaṛ  s wayyaḍ, mayad ɣ uzmz n imnɣi d fṛanṣa, awd iɣnan n tqbilin ɣ ɣad izrin, ula imnɣan ngr asn d tqbilin yaḍnin, nẓḍaṛ a nini mas ilul uḥwac n taskiwin g uzmz lliɣ ilul imnɣi igatn iɣnan ig imnɣi anzgum i tqbilin akkʷ.
Ɣ uḥwac n taskiwin, ar tt ggan imarirn uggar n 20 n urgaz, lsan timlsa tumlilt (lfuqiyat / tcamir), biksn tt s icddadn iṛcmn s ikʷlan n ucnyal anamur, ig mayan tamatart i tamunt tanamurt, gn isk f iggi n tɣṛuḍt nnsn taẓlmaḍtn agʷln lkʷmmit f tsga, asin iwgaln d tilluna d tgʷmamin laɛwwad, g tmyurt ar tt ggant tilluna n ilm kṛaḍt ɣ trabbut, asin ngr yan ar kkuẓ tigʷmamin, willi itt ɣaman zɣ imarirn n trabbut ar tt asin awgal i yan ar tkkatn ar tt ḥwacn.
Taɣarast n usfuglu
vignette|La Taskiwin, danse martiale du Haut-Atlas occidental - patrimoine immatériel.
Ar ssfaln middn ad ḥuwcn taskiwin, ɣ tuẓẓumt n yiḍ, g usays niɣ dd asarag, ar ssrɣan imurar takat g yat tsga, ḥma ad sis ssrɣn tilluna nnsn d iwgaln nnsn, d a sis isfawn tuẓẓumt n usays, agʷln lambat n lgaz ɣ tɣʷmrin n usays, ar fllasn ittggʷa wayyur zɣ ddu tagut tiklit ar tayyaḍ, issaggʷ nn yat tsutlt azgn nns iga  irgazn  ilsan umlil, azgn wis sin llant gis tmɣarin, g tuẓẓmt n tsutlt ann ibdd (ṛṛays) d id bu tilluna, d id bu tgʷmamin, ssutln asn middn irgazn d tmɣarin d tḥudriyin d tazzanin ar smuqquln iwiz.
Tafruxt lli imẓẓiyn g timhḍḍṛin n taskiwin dars kkuẓ n isggʷasn, d tad imqquṛn gitsnt ura nn tzray sḍiṣ d mraw n usggʷas, iḍaṛn nnsn idltnt uḥayk umlil d iggʷzn zɣ takkʷst iṛcmn s ikʷlan isufan s umuzun, ar ittmussu s isufa n umuzun nns tizi nna tt ḥwacnt, ar ttmussunt talmṛjanin d tallubanin d iẓṛẓa n nqqʷṛt lli uglnt, gnt g imzgan nnsnt tigʷricin n nnqqʷṛt igan zund tidiklt n ufus, ar asnt ttinin (imuḥidn). iẓḍaṛ ad d ikk ism ad amzruy aqbur n tgldit n imuḥidn(الموحدين). lsnt i igʷyya nnsnt lmlf azggʷaɣ ilan iẓakkʷn ɣ llant twnziwin d lmcbaḥ n nqqʷṛt.
Irgazn awd nttni lsan lfuqiyat tumlilin (tcamir), sslsn i igʷyya nnsn taṛẓẓatin tumlilin, umẓnt ijjign f iggi n ignzi nnsn, g tɣṛuḍt taẓlmaḍt ugʷln icddadn izggʷaɣn yumẓn f iggi n tɣṛuḍt (tiskt) lli zɣ yusi uḥwac ad assaɣ nns. illa maɣ tga tiskt tin izimmr iɣʷman s ikʷlan ilan lmuzun, ili maɣ tga akccuḍ iɣʷman awd nttan s ikʷlan ila amuzun itt sufun, tg tiskt am lkʷmmit ar tt yakka ufus i wayyaḍ tasutin f tasutin. asin irgazn ɣ ifassn nnsn (awgal / atḥḥal) ar ti tnqqarn s ixfawn n iḍuḍan iɣ a tt ḥwacn, agʷln taqqʷrabt f tsga tafasit, agʷln lkʷmmit xf tsga taẓlmaḍt nnsn, biksn timlsa nnsn s ucddad azggʷaɣ ar as tt inin (tajbbadt). s ɣikan gnt tmɣarin timurar d irgazn imurar tasutlt ar tt ḥwacn ar tt nqqaṛn awgaln, ilin ɣ tuẓẓumt n tsutlt ann kkuẓ irgazn ar kkatn allun, d yan niɣ sin ar sinṣign ɣ tgʷmamin.
Issfal iwiz ar tt ḥucn imurar, ar zɣ gisn itt ffaɣ yan lli gisn ur itahln, lli isiggiln s litihal, ar izzigiz ar itt ḥwac ar d ilkm dar tmurar tilli illan g uwtay n litihal, iẓli talli ira yamẓ as afus, ikcm gratsnt ar disnt itt ḥwac, iɣ ẓṛan middn sin iɛzray munn g uḥwac, ar tt ili tɣʷrit, luḥn inn fllasn middn ijjign d lḥbaq d waqqayn n tisnt, ig mayan tamatart izwarn i tmɣra n imal.
Ahyyaḍ
Ur igi yan uḥwac, iga uhyyaḍ mnnaw iḥwacn, illa uhyyaḍ n iḥaḥan, ili uhyyaḍ n awluẓ, ili uhyyaḍ n uzaɣar n tznit, d uhyyaḍ n taskiwin, tili yat trabbut ismrksn ngr taḍṣa d tunnunt d uḥwac, tga s ism ihyyaḍn, tarabbut lli ittawssann s wassaɣ n tarwa n sidi ḥmad umusa.
Iɣ nenna ahyyaḍ nra s wawal yan wanaw n uḥwac illan g (awluẓ - iḥaḥan -tiznit - ida uknsus) d iẓḍaṛ a ili ɣ idɣarn yaḍn ɣ sus.
Ili yan wanaw n uẓawan illan g uḥwac n taskiwin lli nbdr, ittawssan s imussutn nns sis iẓlin d uẓawan nns, ar as tt inin ahyyaḍ n taskiwin.
Ur nssn mani twala tawaltt ad n uhyyaḍ g umawal amaziɣ, is iga assaɣ n ufgan niɣ ism n udɣar niɣ win kra imiss. macc tawalt ad tzdi ixf nns d uggar d irgazn lli itt ilin ɣ trubba willi ismrksn ngr taḍṣa d tunnunt awd aḥwac, ig wassaɣ n ku yan gisn ahyyaḍ, iga uḥwac n ihyyaḍn aḥwac bahra yutn s iẓuṛan ɣ umzruy, aḥwac  ad illa g uzaɣar n tznit zɣ wahli n tasutin, ilaq a ig uẓuṛ nns amzwaru azaɣar n tznit, macc kra imrzutn yaḍnin ar tt inin, mas d ikka uḥwac n ihyyaḍn tamazirt n iḥaḥan, gn iḥaḥan aẓuṛ izwarn n uḥwac ad, immuddu s uzaɣar n tznit g umzwaru n tasut mrawt d kkuẓ ahijri, tigira n tasut tis ttẓa n tlalit, lliɣ tlkm tnbaḍt n umɣar (agilul iḥiḥi) azaɣar n sus ngr (1314 h -1896 t) d (1318 h - 1900 t). lliɣ tt inn ikka umɣar ad iḥml bahra aḥwac d iwiz, ikka tt inn ar isffuglu s uḥwac ɣ wakud n imnɣi, iɣ dars munn imɣarn d imnayn d inmɣuṛn n tqbilin, lli issutln i tiznit. macc aẓuṛ n uhyyaḍ n awluẓ ifss fllas umzruy ur issn yan mani igan aẓuṛ nns amzwaru.
Iga  uhyyaḍ aḥwac lli illan ɣ kigan n tmnaḍin n sus, ar ti tt ḥuwcn irgazn, ar gis kkatn allun ar smurign ili dis lɛwwad d nnaqus, ili uhyyaḍ ɣ illa wallun ur gis illi umarg.
Ddrst
Ar tt inin i trabbut n middn…tajjuqt… n irgazn niɣ timɣarin niɣ tifrxin niɣ dd igḍaḍ d imilliwn… inin adrras i ugadr igzzuln, niɣ i kra n tgudit n iẓṛan imunn yat f iggi n yat. zɣ zikk gan middn assaɣ n ddrst i wanawn n iḥwacn ɣ mmrwin iẓawann d imussutn… kra iga tt tamazirt manik dars iga uḥwac n ddrst.
Adrar n drn n waṭlas mqquṛn
llan sin wanawn d twila n uḥwac n ddrst. amzwaru illa ɣ Imi n tanut - Imntagn - Ida umḥmud ar gis ttḥwacn irgazn d tfrxin lli ur itahln, gn sin imaɣʷdn mgabalnin, ar smurign ar ttḥwacn.