cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Pechersk Raion
Places o interest
Mony ither historical an airchitectural monuments are situatit here. Here is locatit Askold's Grave which wis depictit bi Taras Shevchenko on his pentin o 1846. Aroond the burial wis creatit the Askold Grave Park an wis built a firthen krik that later wis reconstructit intae the brick ane designed bi Andriy Ivanovych Melensky. The kirk's name is the Saint Nicolas the Miracle-wirker Kirk or Rotonda. Thare are lairge residential, industrial, halthcare an militar auries in the raion, as well as a few picturesque pairks an sports venues like the Lobanovsky Dynamo Stadium. Mony admeenistrative an eddicational facilities are situatit in the destrict.
Pechersk Raion
The raion is locatit on the wast bank (Richt Bank) o Dnieper River.
Gareth Bale
Early an personal life
Bale lives in Madrid wi his pairtner Emma Rhys-Jones, his heich schuil sweethert. Thair first bairn, born at the University Hospital of Wales, Cairdiff on 21 October 2012 wis namit Alba Violet.
Gareth Frank Bale (born 16 Julie 1989) is a Welsh umwhile fitbawer that playit as a winger. Bale stairtit his professional career at Southampton, playin at left back an acomin kenspeckle fur his free kicks. He went til Tottenham Hotspur in 2007 fur a eventual £7 million fee. Durin his time at Spurs, Bale acame a mair offensive player. Fae the 2009–10 saison, Bale acame a importaint pairt o the team, risin til internaitional attention durin the 2010–11 UEFA Champions League. He wis namit PFA Players' Player of the Year in 2011 an 2013, an wis named in the UEFA Team of the Year in 2011 an 2013.
Pechersk Raion
History
Later mony admeenistrative, eddicational, research an cultural institutions wur foondit in the neebourheid, such as the Central Election Commission, twa varsities an several theaters. Mony important streets run athort the raion such as Bank Street (kent as Bankova an aw) whaur the Presidential Admeenistration o Ukraine is locatit; Khreschatyk Street or simply Kreschatyk which is widely associative wi the dountoun o Kiev; an mony ithers.
Pechersk is ane o the maist important cultural auries o Kiev, the location o the legendar Kiev Pechersk Lavra (Kiev Monastery o the Caves), frae which it receivit its name (Pechera is the Ukrainian for "cave"). The dounset near the Lavra haes formit sometime in the 12t century. It wis reformit oot o the historical Berestiv ryal estate (Kniazhe selo) that wis adjacent tae the Kiev Gowden Gates (Zoloti Vorota). Beresta is a local name o the bark o a birch tree which at that time wis utilisit in makkin o shoes as well as uised as a writin middlin. The dounset wis renamit intae the toun o Pechersk sometime in the 16t-17t centuries.
Gareth Bale
Club
2 The Spurs goal tally excludes the goal scored against Fulham on 6 November 2011, later ruled as a awn goal
Real Madrid
Pechersk Raion
History
In January 1918 the neebourheid wis the centre o the Arsenal Factory Uprisin which later efter its extinguishin led tae defeat o the Ukrainian Naitional Forces surrenderin the ceety o Kiev tae the Roushie Soviet forces which wur led bi Colonel Mikhail Muraviov. The rebellion gave the name tae ane o the streets in the neebourheid durin the Soviet times tae gie the impression o pride for the support o the Bolshevik regime.
Pechorsky Destrict
Pechorsky Destrict (Печо́рский райо́н) is a admeenistrative an municipal destrict (raion), ane o the twinty-fower in Pskov Oblast, Roushie. It is locatit in the northwast o the oblast an borders wi Pskovsky Destrict in the northwast, Palkinsky Destrict in the sootheast, Alūksne Municipality o Latvie in the soothwast, an wi Võru an Põlva Coonties o Estonie in the northwast. Lake Peipus leemits the destrict frae the north. The aurie o the destrict is 1251 km2. Its admeenistrative centre is the toun o Pechory. Population: 25,300 (2002 Census);  The population o Pechory accoonts for 50.6% o the destrict's tot population.
Demographics
The destrict haes a law unemployment rate o 2,54%.
Agricultur
As o 2011, thare wur ten lairge- an mid-scale farms actin in the destrict. Thay mainly specialize in meat an milk production, as well as in crops growin.
Restrictit access
The pairt o the destrict alang the state border is included intae a border security zone, intendit tae pertect the borders o Roushie frae unwantit activity. In order tae veesit the zone, a permit issued bi the local Federal Security Service depairtment is required.
Transportation
A railwey connectin Pskov an Tartu crosses the destrict frae east tae wast. The main stations inside the destrict are Pechory an Novoizborsk. A railwey line tae Võru an Valga branches aff in Pechory. Thare is passenger rail traffec atween Pskov an Pechory; housomeivver, aw passenger traffic atween Pechory an Estonie haes been discontinued.
History
Durin the last year o Warld War I, frae Februar tae Dizember 1918, the toun o Pechory wis occupee'd bi German forces. The toun wis subsequently captured bi Estonie forces on 29 Mairch 1919, durin the Estonie War o Unthirldom. The Treaty o Tartu, signed on 2 Februar 1920, assigned Pechory an its surroondin territory, the Setomaa region, tae Estonie. Pechory wis renamit Petseri an the aurie became Petseri Coonty (Petserimaa). In 1940, Estonie became a pairt o the Soviet Union, an the aurie became a pairt o the Estonie Soviet Socialist Republic (Estonie SSR). Atween August 1941 an August 1944, the aurie wis occupee'd bi German troops. On 16 Januar 1945, the greater pairt o Petserimaa wis transferred frae the Estonie SSR tae Pskov Oblast, an Pechorsky Destrict wi the admeenistrative centre in Pechory wis creatit.
On 16 Januar 1945, Kachanovsky Destrict, wi the admeenistrative centre in the selo of Kachanovo, wis creatit on the territories transferred frae the Latvie Soviet Socialist Republic tae Pskov Oblast. On 14 Januar 1958, Kachanovsky Destrict wis abolisht an split atween Pechorsky an Palkinsky Destricts.
Transportation
Pechoty is connectit bi a heich-gate wi Ostrov via Palkino. The whole stretch atween Pechory an Ostrov haes been a toll road syne 2002. The stretch of European route E77 atween Pskov an Estonian border crosses the destrict frae east tae wast. Thare are an aa local roads.
Geografie
Amaist the whole o the destrict lees in the basin o Loch Peipus. The rivers in the east flow intae the Velikaya River, whauras the rivers in the northwast, includin the Piusa River, flow intae Loch Peipus directly. Minor auries in the soothwast o the destrict belang tae the basin o the Pededze River an sicweys tae the basin o the Daugava. A nummer o islands on Loch Peipus are unner the destrict's jurisdiction an aw. In pairticular, the Kolpina Island, the lairgest island o Loch Peipus, wi a aurie o 11.02 km2, is a pairt of Pechorsky Destrict.
History
Efter Estonie unthirldom wis re-establisht in 1991, the destrict wis claimit bi Estonie acause o the Treaty o Tartu, in which the Soviet Union haed relinquished further claims tae Estonie territory. In November 1995, Estonie reportitly droppit this claim. A newer Estonie-Roushie Border Treaty wis signed bi Estonie on 18 Mey 2005, reflectin the later border chynges, but wis rejectit an cancelled bi Roushie on 27 Juin 2005 acause references tae Soviet occupation wur addit.
Historically, the aurie wis first mentioned in the Primary Chronicle, which describes that in 862 Truvor, a legendar brither o Rurik, the first prince o Rus', became the prince o Izborsk in 862. The current scholarly interpretation denies the existence o Truvor, but in ony case the aurie wis awready a pairt o the Roushie Launds in the 9t century. Later, it wis dependent on Pskov, an in 1510 thegither wi Pskov it wis includit intae the Grand Duchy o Moscow. The Pskov-Cave Monastery wis foondit in the 15t century. In the course o the admeenistrative reform carriet oot in 1708 bi Peter the Great, the aurie wis includit intae Ingermanland Govrenorate (kent syne 1710 as Saunt Petersburg Govrenorate). In 1727, separate Novgorod Govrenorate wis split aff, an in 1772, Pskov Govrenorate (which existit as Pskov Viceryalty atween 1777 an 1796) wis establisht. In 1776, Pechory wis grantit toun status an Pechorsky Uyezd wis establisht, but in 1797, Pechorsky Uyezd wis abolisht, an the aurie became a pairt o Pskovsky Uyezd o Pskov Govrenorate.
Pskovsky Destrict
Geografie
Remdovsky Zakaznik in the north o the destrict is ane o three federally protectit natur reserves in Pskov Oblast; it wis establisht tae protect lawlands adjacent tae Loch Peipus.
The destrict is locatit east an sootheast o Loch Peipus, intae which the rivers in the north o the destrict flow directly. The central an the soothren pairts o the destrict lee in the basin o the Velikaya River, a major tributar o Loch Peipus. The twa biggest tributars o the Velikaya athin the destrict are the Pskova an the Cheryokha Rivers (baith richt). Minor auries in the east o the destrict lee in the basin o the Shelon River.
Restrictit access
The wastren pairt o the destrict is includit intae a border security zone, intendit tae protect the borders o Roushie frae unwantit activity. In pairticular, the whole shore o Loch Peipus within the district is included into this restrictit aurie. In order tae visit the zone, a permit issued bi the local Federal Security Service depairtment is required.
Industrie
Pskovsky Destrict is essentially an agricultural aurie, awtho some fuid industrie is present. Thare is ane plant producin reinforcit concrete.
History
On 1 August 1927, Seryodkinsky Destrict wis establisht as well, wi the admeenistrative centre in the selo o Seryodka. It includit pairts o umwhile Gdovsky Uyezd o Saunt Petersburg Governorate. The destrict wis a pairt o Pskov Okrug o Leningrad Oblast. In 1935, a pairt o the destrict's territory wis transferred tae Polnovsky Destrict. Atween August 1941 an Februar 1944, Seryodkinsky Destrict wis occupee'd bi German troops. On 23 August 1944, the destrict wis transferred tae Pskov Oblast. On 15 Februar 1958, Seryodkinsky Destrict wis abolisht an split atween Gdovsky an Pskovsky Destricts.
Transportation
Pskov is an important transport hub an, as it is completely surroondit bi Pskovsky Destrict, aw communications leadin tae Pskov pass throu the destrict. In pairticular, Pskov is connectit bi railroads wi St. Petersburg, wi Bologoye via Dno an Staraya Russa, wi Tartu via Pechory, an wi Riga via Ostrov an Pytalovo. Aw these railweys cross the destrict. Thare is passenger traffic alang aw these railweys.
History
The history o the aurie is essentially a pairt o the history o Pskov. Accordin tae the tradition, Saunt Olga, wife o Prince Igor an ane o the maist important persons in the history o Kievan Rus', wis born in the veelage o Vybuty, locatit athin modren borders o the destrict. Till the 14t century, the aurie, thegither wi Pskov, wis dependent on Novgorod, then became unthirlt, an in 1510 wis annexed bi the Grand Duchy o Moscow.
Cultur an recreation
The destrict contains 32 cultural heritage monuments o federal significance an addeetionally 111 objects classified as cultural an historical heritage o local significance. The federally protectit monuments include the ensembles o Krypetsky an Yelizarov monasteries, the 15t century Kirk o Iliya the Prophet in the pogost o Vybuty, the Intercession Kirk in the pogost o Znakhlitsy, the Assumption Kirk in the selo of Melyotovo, the St. Nicholas Kirk in the selo o Ustye, an the St. George Kirk in the selo o Kamno, as well as a nummer o aircheological steids an younger kirks.
Admeenistrative an municipal status
Athin the framewirk o admeenistrative diveesions, Pskovsky Destrict is ane o the twinty-fower in the oblast. The ceety o Pskov serves as its admeenistrative center, despite bein incorporatit separately as an admeenistrative unit wi the status equal tae that o the destricts.
Pskovsky Destrict (Пско́вский райо́н) is a admeenistrative an municipal destrict (raion), ane o the twinty-fower in Pskov Oblast, Roushie. It is locatit in the northwast o the oblast an borders with Gdovsky Destrict in the north, Strugo-Krasnensky Destrict in the northeast, Porkhovsky Destrict in the east, Ostrovsky Destrict in the sooth, an wi Palkinsky an Pechorsky Destricts in the soothwast. Loch Peipus forms the border wi Estonie in the wast. The aurie o the destrict is 3600 km2. Its admeenistrative centre is the ceety o Pskov (which is no admeenistratively a pairt o the destrict). Population: 37,216 (2002 Census);
Transportation
The M20 heich-gate which connects St. Petersburg and Vitebsk via Pskov crosses the destrict frae north tae sooth. There is a road connection frae Pskov north tae Gdov an further tae Slantsy, anither ane frae Pskov tae Veliky Novgorod via Porkhov, an yet anither ane wast tae Riga via Izborsk, which is a pairt o European route E77. Pskov is the eatern terminus o this route. Thare are local roads an aw.
Admeenistrative an municipal status
As a municipal diveesion, the destrict is incorporatit as Pskovsky Municipal Destrict. The Ceety o Pskov is incorporatit separately frae the destrict as Pskov Urban Okrug.
History
Anither destrict establisht on 1 August 1927 wis Karamyshevsky Destrict, wi the admeenistrative centre in the dounset o Karamyshevo. It includit pairts o umwhile Pskovsky Uyezd. The destrict wis a pairt o Pskov Okrug o Leningrad Oblast. On September 20, 1931, Karamyshevsky Destrict wis abolisht an mergit intae Pskovsky Destrict. On 15 Februar 1935, it wis re-establisht. Atween August 1941 an Februar 1944, Karamyshevsky Destrict wis occupee'd bi German troops. On 23 August 1944, the destrict wis transferred tae Pskov Oblast. On 1 Februar 1963, in the course o Khrushchev's abortive admeenistrative reform, Karamyshevsky Destrict wis abolisht, an efter a nummer o admeenistrative transformations its territory wis eventually split atween Pskovsky an Porkhovsky Destricts.
On 1 August 1927, the uyezds wur abolisht, an Pskovsky Destrict wis establisht, wi the admeenistrative centre in the ceety o Pskov (which wis no a pairt o the destrict). It includit pairts o umwhile Pskovsky Uyezd. The govrenorates wur abolisht as well, an the destrict became a pairt o Pskov Okrug o Leningrad Oblast. On 23 Julie 1930, the okrugs wur abolisht an aw, an the destricts wur directly subordinatit tae the oblast. On 15 Februar 1935, parts o Pskovsky Destrict wur transferred tae newly establisht Karamyshevsky an Palkinsky Destricts. Atween 22 Mairch 1935 an 19 September 1940, Pskovsky Destrict wis a pairt o Pskov Okrug o Leningrad Oblast, ane o the okrugs abuttin the state boondaries o the Soviet Union. Atween August 1941 an Julie 1944, Pskovsky Destrict wis occupee'd bi German troops. On 23 August 1944, the destrict wis transferred tae newly establisht Pskov Oblast.
Transportation
The lawer course o the Velikaya River is navigable.
Agricultur
The main agricultural specializations in the destrict are swine an cattle breedin, as well as growin o crops, potatoes, an vegetables.
History
In the course o the admeenistrative reform carriet oot in 1708 bi Peter the Great, the aurie was includit intae Ingermanland Govrenorate (kent syne 1710 as Saunt Petersburg Govrenorate). In 1727, separate Novgorod Governorate wis split aff, an in 1772, Pskov Govrenorate (which atween 1777 an 1796 existit as Pskov Viceryalty) wis establisht. The aurie wis a pairt o Pskovsky Uyezd o Pskov Govrenorate.
Hyderabad
History
Establisht in 1591 bi Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, Hyderabad remained under the rule of the Qutb Shahi dynasty for nearly a century afore the Mughals captured the region. In 1724, Mughal viceroy Asif Jah I declared his sovereignty an creatit his awn dynasty, kent as the Nizams o Hyderabad an aw. The Hyderabad State ultimately became a princely state durin Breetish rule, an remained so for 150 years, wi the ceety servin as its caipital. The ceety continued as caipital of a new Hyderabad State after joining the Union o Indie in 1948 and afore attaining its status as the focal point o Andhra Pradesh in 1956. Hyderabad became pairt o Telangana when the new state is carvit oot o Andhra Pradesh.
Hyderabad is the caipital an lairgest ceety o the soothren Indie state o Telangana an the interim caipital o Andhra Pradesh. Occupeein 650 km2 alang the banks o the Musi River, it haes a population o 6.8 million an a metropolitan population o 7.75 million, makkin it the fowert maist populous ceety an saxt maist populous urban agglomeration in Indie. At an average altitude o 542 m, hintle o Hyderabad is situatit on hilly terrain aroond airtificial lochs, includin Hussain Sagar—predatin the ceety's foondin—north o the ceety centre.
History
Relics o Qutb Shahi an Nizam rule remain visible the day, wi the Charminar—commissioned bi Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah hissel—comin tae seembolise Hyderabad. That legacy is evident in the ceety's distinctive cuisine an aw, which includes Hyderabadi biriyani an Hyderabadi haleem. The Qutb Shahis an Nizams establisht Hyderabad as a cultural hub, attractin men o letters frae different pairts o the warld. Hyderabad emergit as the foremaist centre o cultur in Indie wi the decline o the Mughal Empire in the mid-19t century, wi airtists migratin tae the ceety frae the rest o the Indie subcontinent. While Hyderabad is luisin its cultural preeminence, the day, due tae the Telugu film industrie, it is the kintra's seicont-lairgest producer ceety o motion picturs.
Hyderabad wis historically kent as a pearl an diamond tradin centre, an it continues tae be kent as the Ceety o Pearls. Mony o the ceety's tradeetional bazaars, includin Laad Bazaar, Begum Bazaar an Sultan Bazaar, have remained open for centuries. Housomeivver, industrialisation throuoot the 20t century haes attractit major Indie manufacturin, research an financial institutions an aw, includin the Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, National Geophysical Research Institute an the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology. Special economic zones dedicatit tae information technology hae encouragit companies frae athort Indie an aroond the warld tae set up operations an the emergence o pharmaceutical an biotechnology industries in the 1990s led tae the title o "Genome Valley". Wi a ootput o US$74 billion, Hyderabad is the fift-lairgest contributor ceety tae Indie's oweraw gross domestic product.
Port Orchard, Washington
Port Orchard is a ceety in an the coonty seat o Kitsap Coonty, Washington, United States. It is locatit 13 mile due wast o West Seattle an connectit tae Seattle an Vashon Island via the Washington State Ferries run tae Southworth. It is namit efter Port Orchard, the strait that separates Bainbridge Island frae the Kitsap Peninsula.
Geografie
Accordin tae the United States Census Bureau, the ceety haes a total aurie o 8.52 sqmi, o which, 7.24 sqmi is laund an 1.28 sqmi is watter.
History
The Port Orchard aurie wis first settled in 1854 bi Wiliam Renton an Daniel Howard, who set up a saw mill thare. The toun that wis tae become Port Orchard was oreeginally plattit in 1886 bi Frederick Stevens, who namit the new location efter his faither, Sidney. The toun o Sidney was incorporatit September 15, 1890, an wis the first in Kitsap Coonty tae be baith plattit an incorporatit. Shortly thareefter, the U.S. Navy socht a suitable location for anither installation on the wast coast, an foond it wi the assistance o Sidney's residents in Orchard Bay (this installation wad later become the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard).
The population wis 11,144 at the 2010 census. The Washington State Office of Financial Management's 2012 estimate placit the population at 11,780.
2010 census
Thare wur 4,278 hoosehaulds o which 33.0% haed childer unner the age o 18 livin wi thaim, 45.7% wur marriet couples livin thegither, 13.3% haed a female hoosehaulder wi nae husband present, 4.6% haed a male hoosehaulder wi nae wife present, an 36.3% wur nan-faimilies. 27.7% o aw hoosehaulds wur made up o indwallers an 9.5% haed someane livin alane who wis 65 years o age or aulder. The average hoosehauld size wis 2.43 an the average faimily size wis 2.96.
The median age in the ceety wis 34.5 years. 23.5% o residents wur unner the age o 18; 10.4% wur atween the ages o 18 an 24; 29.1% wur frae 25 tae 44; 23.4% wur frae 45 tae 64; an 13.5% wur 65 years o age or aulder. The gender makup o the ceety wis 50.3% male an 49.7% female.
History
The coonty seat wis oreeginally in Port Madison, but muivit efter a popular vote tae Sidney in 1892. In Dizember o that same year, the residents o Sidney petitioned baith the state legislatur an the Post Office Department tae rename the ceety tae "Port Orchard." The legislatur refused, as Charleston (nou West Bremerton) haed requestit that name an aw. The Post Office Department, housomeivver, went throu wi the name chynge, an as a result the Port Orchard post office endit up in Sidney, an the Charleston post office endit up in Port Orchard. It wisna till 1903 that local politeecian Will Thompson convincit the state legislatur tae correct this confusin situation, an relocatit the Charleston post office tae Charleston, at the same time renamin Sidney tae "Port Orchard," as it is kent the day.
Geografie
Port Orchard is locatit at 47.53167°N, -122.63833°W (47.531563, -122.638405).
Kylie Minogue
Kylie Ann Minogue, (born 28 Mey 1968), an aw kent mononymously as Kylie, is an Australie-Breetish sangster, sangwriter an actress. She achieved recogneetion starnin in the Australie soap opera Neighbours, whaur she played tomboy mechanic Charlene Robinson. Appearin in the series for twa years, Minogue's chairacter mairied Scott Robinson (Jason Donovan) in an episode viewed bi nearly 20 million fowk in the Unitit Kinrick, makkin it ane o the maist watched Australie TV episodes iver. Syne then, Minogue haes been a recordin airtist an haes achieved commercial success an creetical acclaim in the enterteenment industrie. Minogue haes been recognised wi several honoureefic nicknames, maist notably the "Princess o Pop". She is recognised as the heichest-sellin Australie airtist o aw time bi the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA).
As o 2015, Minogue haes haed warldwide record sales o mair nor 80 million. She haes muntit several successfu an creetically acclaimed concert warld tours an received a Mo Awaird for "Australie Entertainer o the Year" for her live performances. Minogue wis appyntit an Officer o the Order o the British Empire in the 2008 New Year Honours for services to Music. She wis appyntit bi the French govrenment as a Chevalier (knicht) o the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres for her contreibution tae the enrichment o French cultur. Minogue was awarded an honorary Doctor o Heal Science (D.H.Sc.) degree bi Anglia Ruskin Varsity for her wark in raisin awaurness for breest cancer. In November 2011, on the 25t anniversary o the ARIA Muisic Awairds, she wis inducted bi the Australian Recording Industry Association intae the ARIA Hall of Fame.
Born an raised in Melbourne, Australie, Minogue haes wirked an leeved in the Unitit Kinrick syne the 1990s. She signed tae record label PWL in 1987 an released her first studio album Kylie the next year. In 1992, she left PWL an signed wi Deconstruction Records whaur she released her sel-teetled studio album an Impossible Princess, baith o that received positive reviews frae creetics. Returnin tae mair mainstream dance-orientit music, Minogue signed tae Parlophone an released Light Years. The follaeup, Fever, wis a hit in mony kintras, includin the Unitit States. The lead single "Can't Get You Out of My Head" becam ane o the maist successfu singles o the 2000s, sellin ower five million units. It is recognised as her "seegnatur sang" an wis named "the catchiest sang iver" bi Yahoo! Music. Ither successfu singles bi Minogue include "I Should Be So Lucky", "The Loco-Motion", "Especially for You", "Hand on Your Heart", "Better the Devil You Know", "Confide in Me", "Spinning Around", "Love at First Sight", "Slow", "2 Hearts" an "All the Lovers".
In 2005, while Minogue was on her Showgirl: The Greatest Hits Tour, she was diagnosed with breast cancer. After treatment, she resumed the tour under the title Showgirl: The Homecoming Tour, which critics viewed as a "triumph". Minogue made her film debut in The Delinquents (1989) and portrayed Cammy in Street Fighter (1994). Minogue has also appeared in the films Moulin Rouge! (2001), Jack & Diane, and Holy Motors (2012). In 2014, she appeared as a juidge on the third series of The Voice UK and The Voice Australia. Her other ventures include product endorsements, children's books and fashion.
Raccoon
The raccoon (Procyon lotor) is a middlin mammal hamelt tae North Americae. The raccoon is the maist muckle memmer o the procyonid faimily; it ranges frae 40 to 70 cm lang an wechtin as 3.5 to 9 kg. Its grayish coat maistly consists o dense underfur that insulates again cauld wather. Twa o the raccoon's maist kenspeckle features is its extremely dexterous front paws an its facial mask. Raccoons is kenspeckle for thair intelligence, wi studies shawin that thay can mynd the solution tae tasks for up tae three year. Raccoons is maistly nocturnal. Thay're omnivores; the diet o the raccoon consists o aboot 40% invertebrates, 33% plant fuids, an 27% vertebrates. They eat mice, ferrets, kinnens, birds, fish, frogs, turtles, lizards, eggs, insects, wirms, fruit an nits. Raccoons is eaten by tods, wouves, coyotes, beirs, eagles, houlets, cougars, lynx an bobcats.
Taxonomy
In the first decades efter its diskivery bi the members o the expedeetion o Christopher Columbus (the first person tae leave a written record aboot the species), taxonomists thocht the raccoon wis sib tae mony different species, includin dugs, cats, brocks an parteecularly beirs. Carl Linnaeus, the faither o modren taxonomy, placed the raccoon in the genus Ursus, first as Ursus cauda elongata ("long-tailed bear") in the seicont edeetion o his Systema Naturae (1740), then as Ursus Lotor ("washer bear") in the tenth edition (1758–59). In 1780, Gottlieb Conrad Christian Storr placed the raccoon in its ain genus Procyon, whilk can be owerset as aither "afore the dug" or "duglike". It is possible that Storr haed its nocturnal lifestyle in mind an chuise the starn Procyon as eponym for the species.
Physical characteristics
The raccoon, whase method o locomotion is uisually considered tae be plantigrade, can staund on its hind legs tae exaimine objects wi its front paws. As raccoons hae short legs compared tae thair compact torso, thay uisually can naither rin swith nor lowp muckle distances. Thair tap speed over short distances is 16 to 24 km/h. Raccoons can soum wi an average speed o aboot 5 km/h an can stay in the watter for several oors. For climmin doun a tree heidfirst — an unuisual ability for a mammal o its size — a raccoon rotates its hint feet sae thay are pynt backwart. Raccoons hae a dual cooling system tae regulate thair temperature; that is, thay can baith sweit an pech for heat dissipation.
Raccoon skulls hae a short an wide facial region an a voluminous braincase. The facial lenth o the skull is less nor the cranial, an thair nasal banes is short an quite braid. The auditory bullae is inflate in form, an the sagittal crest is waik developit. The dentition — 40 teeth wi the dental formula: — is adapted tae thair omnivorous diet: the carnassials arenae as shairp an pyntit as thaim that a fou-time carnivore haes, but the molars arenae as wide as thaim that a herbivore haes. The penis bane o males is aboot 10 cm lang an strangly bent at the front end. Seiven o the thirteen identified vocal calls is uised in communication atween the mither an her kits, ane o them bein the birdlike twitterin o newborns.
Senses
The maist important sense for the raccoon is its sense o touch. The "hyper sensitive" front paws is pertect bi a thin horny layer that becomes pliable whan weet. The five deegits o the paws hae no wabbin atween them, whilk is unuisual for a carnivoran. Awmaist twa-thirds o the aurie responsible for sensory perception in the raccoon's cerebral cortex is specialised for the interpretation o tactile impulses, mair nor in ony ither studied animal. Thay can identify objects afore touchin them wi vibrissae locatit abuin thair shairp, nonretractable claws. The raccoon's paws lack an opposable thumb; it disnae hae the agility o the haunds o primates. Thare is nae observed negative effect on tactile perception whan a raccoon staunds in watter ablo 10 °C (50 °F) for oors.
Physical characteristics
Heid tae hurdies, raccoons meisur atween 40 and 70 cm, nae includin the bushy tail that can meisur atween 20 and 40 cm, but isnae uisually hantle langer than 25 cm. The shouther hicht is atween 23 and 30 cm. The body wecht o an adult raccoon varies considerably wi habitat, makkin the raccoon ane o the maist variably sized mammals. It can range frae 2 to 14 kg, but is uisually atween 3.5 and 9 kg. The smaaest specimens is foond in Southren Florida, while thaim that is near the northren leemits o the raccoon's range tend tae be the maist muckle (see Bergmann's rule). Males is uisually 15 tae 20% heivier than females. At the beginnin o winter, a raccoon can wee twice as hantle as in spring acause o fat storage. The maist muckle kent wild raccoon weed 28.4 kg an meisurt 140 cm in tot lenth, bi far the maist muckle procyonid kent.
The maist characteristic physical featur o the raccoon is the aurie o black fur aroond the een, whilk contrasts shairply wi the surroondin white face colourin. This is reminiscent o a "bandit's mask" an haes enhanced the animal's reputation for mischief. The slichtly roundit lugs is bund bi white fur an aa. Raccoons is assumed tae ken the facial expression an posture o ither members o thair species mair quickly acause o the conspicuous facial colouration an the alternatin licht an dark rings on the tail. The dark mask mey reduce glare an aa an enhance nicht vision. On ither pairts o the body, the lang an stiff guard hairs, which shed moisture, are uisually coloured in shades o gray an, tae a lesser extent, broun. Raccoons wi a vera dark coat is mair common in the German population acause individuals wi sic colourin wis amang thaim that wis initially released intae the wild. The dense underfur, whilk accounts for awmaist 90% o the coat, insulates again cauld wather an is componed o 2 to 3 cm lang hairs.
Tho thocht aforehaun tae be solitary, thare is nou evidence that raccoons engage in gender-specific social behaviour. Related females aften share a common area, while unrelated males live thegither in groups o up tae fower ainimals tae maintain thair poseetions again ootlander males in the matein saison, an ither potential invaders. Hame range sizes vary anywhere frae 3 hectares (7 acres) for females in ceeties tae 50 km2 (20 sq mi) for males in prairies. Efter a gestation period o aboot 65 day, twa tae five young, kent as "kits", is born in spring. The kits is subsequently raised bi thair mither til dispersal in late hairst. Tho captive raccoons haes been kent tae live ower 20 year, thair life expectancy in the wild is anly 1.8 til 3.1 year. In mony auries, huntin an vehicular wounds is the twa maist common causes o daith.
Debbie Macomber
Career
Debbie nou writes inspirational nan-fiction an aw. Her seicont ceukbeuk, "Debbie Macomber's Christmas Cookbook," an her seicont childer's beuk, "The Yippy, Yappy Yorkie in the Green Doggy Sweater" (written wi Mary Lou Carney), wis released at the end o 2011. Thare is a Debbie Macomber line o knittin pattern beuks frae Leisure Arts an aw an she awns her awn yarn store, A Good Yarn, in Port Orchard, Washington.
In Julie 2013, the Hallmark Channel began airin its first-iver oreeginal, scriptit series based on her Cedar Cove beuk series. She is the series developer an executive producer an aw.
Debbie Macomber (born 22 October 1948 in Yakima, Washington) is a best-selling American author of ower 150 romance novels an contemporary weemen's fiction. Ower 170 million copies of her beuks are in prent throughout the warld, an some hae acome made-for-TV-movies. Macomber wis the inaugural winner o the fan-vote Quill Award for romance in 2005 an haes been awairdit baith a Romance Writers of America RITA an a lifetime achievement awaird bi the Romance Writers of America.
Career
Awtho Heartsong wis the first o her manuscripts tae sell, Starlight wis the first o her novels tae be publisht. It became #128 o the Silhouette Special Edition category romance line (which is nou awned bi Harlequin). Macomber continued tae write category romances for Silhouette, an later Harlequin. In 1988, Harlequin askit Macomber tae write a series o interconnectit stories, which became kent as the Navy series. Afore lang, she wis sellin "huge" nummers o beuks, uisually 150,000 copies o each o her novels, an she wis releasin twa or three titles per year. Bi 1994, Harlequin launched the Mira Beuks imprint tae help thair category romance authors transition tae the single title mercat, an Macomber began releasin single-title novels. Her first hardcover wis released in 2001.
Raccoon
Etymology
The wird "raccoon" comes frae the Powhatan wird aroughcun. It haes been identified as a Proto-Algonquian ruit *ahrah-koon-em an aw, meanin "[the] body that rubs, scrubs an scarts wi its haunds".
Debbie Macomber
Career
In 2002, Macomber realisit that she wes haein mair difficulty identifeein wi a 25-year-auld heroine, an that she wantit tae write beuks focusing mair on weemen an thair friendships. Thursdays at Eight wis her first depairtur frae the traditional romance novel an intae contemporar weemen's fiction.
Personal
Macomber is a volunteer mentor for young fowk, an is active in fundraisin for battered weemen's shelters an for leeteracy an medical research. She is a naitional buird member for Warm-Up America an aw, an wis appointit an ambassador for the Big Brothers Big Sisters of America naitional office in 1997.
On 11 August 2011, her youngest son, Dale Wayne Macomber, (age 36) wis foond deid near his hoose in Washington State bi his brither Ted an local polis. Haein suffered frae depression for years, Dale Macomber haed threatened suicide an wis declared missin 9 August 2011.
Raccoon
Social behaviour
The shape an size o a raccoon's hame range varies dependin on age, sex, an habitat, wi adults claimin auries mair nor twice as lairge as juveniles. While the size o hame ranges in the inhospitable habitat o North Dakota's prairies lee atween 7 and 50 km2 for males an atween 2 and 16 km2 for females, the average size in a marsh at Lake Erie wis 0.5 km2. Irrespective o whether the hame ranges o adjacent groups owerlap, thay are likest eneuch nae actively defendit ootwi the matein saison gif fuid supplies is sufficient. Odor marks on prominent spots is assumed tae establish hame ranges an identify individuals. Urine an feces left at shared raccoon latrines mey provide additional information aboot feedin grunds, syne raccoons war observed tae meet thare later for collective eatin, sleepin an playin.
Debbie Macomber
Personal
Debbie an her husband, Wayne, raised fower childer an hae numerous guidchilder. Thay live in Port Orchard, Washington an winter in Florida. When no writin, she enjoys knittin, travelin wi Wayne an puttin on Grandma Camps for her guidchilder, for whom she haes biggit a fower-starn tree hoose ahint her hame in Port Orchard.
Raccoon
Distribution in the former USSR
Experiments in acclimatising raccoons intae the USSR began in 1936, an wis repeatit a faur 25 times til 1962. Oweraw, 1,222 individuals war released, 64 o whilk came frae zoos an fur farms (38 o them haein been imports frae wastren Europe). The remainder originatit frae a population established aforehaun in Transcaucasia. The range o Soviet raccoons wis never single or continuous, as thay war aften introduced tae different locations far frae ilkane ither. Aw introductions intae the Roushie Far East failed; melanistic raccoons wis released on Petrov Island near Vladivostok an some auries o soothren Primorsky Krai, but dee'd. In Middle Asia, raccoons wis released in Kyrgyzstan's Jalal-Abad Province, tho thay war later recorded as "practically absent" thare in Januar 1963. A lairge an stable raccoon population (yieldin 1000–1500 catches a year) wis established in Azerbaijan efter an introduction tae the area in 1937. Raccoons apparently survived an introduction near Terek, alang the Sulak River intae the Dagestani lowlands. Attempts tae settle raccoons on the Kuban River's left tributary an Kabardino-Balkarie wis wansonsie. A sonsie acclimatisation occurred in Belarus, whaur three introductions (consistin o 52, 37 an 38 individuals in 1954 an 1958) teuk place. Bi Januar 1, 1963, 700 individuals wis recordit in the kintra.
Conflicts
The increasin nummer o raccoons in urban auries haes resultit in diverse reactions in humans, rangin frae outrage at thair presence tae deliberate feedin. Some wildlife experts an maist public authorities caution against feedin wild ainimals acause thay micht acome increasingly obtrusive an dependent on humans as a fuid soorce. Ither experts challenge sic arguments an gie advice on feedin raccoons an ither wildlife in thair beuks. Raccoons wioot a fear o humans is a concern tae thaim that attribute this trait tae rabies, but scientists pyntin oot this behaviour is hantle liker eneuch tae be a behavioural adjustment tae steyin in habitats wi regular contact wi humans for mony generations. Raccoons uisually disnae prey on domestic cats an dugs, but individual cases o killins haes been reportit.
Acause raccoons in heich mortality auries hae a heicher rate o reproduction, extensive huntin mey nae solve problems wi raccoon populations. Aulder males claim lairger hame ranges nor younger ones an aa, resultin in a lawer population density.
Health
Unalik rabies an at least a dozen ither pathogens cairried bi raccoons, distemper, an epizootic virus, disnae affect humans. This disease is the maist frequent naitural cause o daith in the North American raccoon population an affects individuals o aw age groups. For insaumple, 94 o 145 raccoons dee'd in an outbreak in Clifton, Ohio, in 1968. It mey occur alang wi a follaein inflammation o the harn (encephalitis), causin the ainimal tae display rabies-lik symptoms. In Germany, the first aicht cases o distemper war reportit in 2007.
Diet
Tho uisually nocturnal, the raccoon is whiles active in daylicht tae tak advantage o available food soorces. Its diet consists o aboot 40% invertebrates, 33% plant material an 27% vertebrates. Syne its diet consists o sic a variety o different fuids, Zeveloff argues the raccoon "mey weel be ane o the warld's maist omnivorous ainimals". While its diet in ware an early simmer consists maistly o insects, worms, an ither ainimals awready available air in the year, it prefers fruits an nits, lik acorns an wawnits, whilk emerge in late simmer an hairst, an represent a rich calorie soorce for buildin up fat needit for winter. Contrar tae popular belief, raccoons eat active or lairge prey, lik birds an mammals, anly occasionally, acause thay prefer prey that is easier tae catch, specifically fish, amphibians an bird eggs. Whan fuid is plentifu, raccoons can develop strang individual preferences for specific foods. In the northren pairts o thair range, raccoons gang intae a winter rest, reducin thair activity drastically as lang as a permanent snaw civer maks sairchin for fuid impossible.
Health
Some o the maist important bacterial diseases whilk affect raccoons is leptospirosis, listeriosis, tetanus, an tularemia. Tho internal parasites waiken thair immune systems, weel-fed individuals can cairry a fair feck o roundworms in thair digestive tracts wioot shawin symptoms. The larvae o the Baylisascaris procyonis roundworm, whilk can be conteened in the feces an seldom causes a severe ailin in humans, can be ingestit whan cleanin raccoon latrines wioot wearing breathing pertection.
Huntin an fur trade
The fur o raccoons is uised for claedin, inspecially for coats an coonskin caps. At present, it is the material uised for the inaccurately named "sealskin" cap worn bi the Royal Fusiliers o Great Breetain. Historically, Native American tribes nae anly uised the fur for winter claedin, but uised the tails for ornament an aa. The famous Sioux leader Spotted Tail teuk his name frae a raccoon skin hat wi the tail attached he acquired frae a fur trader. Syne the late 18t century, various teeps o scent hoonds, cried "coonhounds", whilk can chase ainimals up trees haes been bred in the United States. In the 19t century, whan coonskins occasionally even sert as means o payment, several thoosand raccoon wis killt ilka year in the United States. This nummer rose quick whan caur jaikets became popular efter the turn o the 20t century. In the 1920s, wearing a raccoon coat wis regarded as status symbol amang college students. Attempts tae breed raccoons in fur farms in the 1920s an 1930s in North Americae an Europe turned oot nae tae be profitable, an fermin wis abandoned efter prices for lang-haired pelts drappit in the 1940s. Awtho raccoons haed acome rare in the 1930s, at least 388,000 war killed during the huntin saison o 1934/35. Efter persistent population increases began in the 1940s, the seasonal hunt reached aboot ane million ainimals in 1946/47 an twa million in 1962/63. The broadcast o three televeesion episode aboot the frontiersman Davy Crockett an the film Davy Crockett, King of the Wild Frontier in 1954 an 1955 led tae a heich demand for coonskin caps in the United States, tho it isnae lik eneuch aither Crockett or the actor wha played him, Fess Parker, actually wore a cap made frae raccoon fur. The seasonal hunt reached an aw-time heich wi 5.2 million ainimals in 1976/77 an ranged atween 3.2 an 4.7 million for maist o the 1980s. In 1982, the average pelt price wis $20. As o 1987, the raccoon wis identified as the maist important wild furbearer in North Americae in terms o revenue. In the first hauf o the 1990s, the seasonal hunt dropped tae 0.9 frae 1.9 million due tae decreasing pelt prices.
Pet raccoons
Thair propensity for unruly behaviour exceeds that o captive skunks, an is even less trustworthy whan alloued tae roam free. Acause o thair intelligence an nimble forelimbs, even inexperienced raccoons can easy unscrew jaurs, uncork bottles an open door latches, wi mair experienced specimens haein been recordit tae open duir knobs. Sexually mature raccoons aften shaw aggressive naitural behaviours lik bitin in the matein saison. Neutering them at aroond five or sax month o age decreases the chances o aggressive behaviour developin. Raccoons can acome obese an suffer frae ither disorders due tae puir diet an lack o exercise. Whan fed wi cat food ower a lang time period, raccoons can develop goot. Wi respect tae the research results regardin thair social behaviour, it is nou required bi law in Austria an Germany tae keep at least twa individuals tae prevent laneliness. Raccoons is uisually kept in a pen (indoor or outdoor), a legal requirement in Austria an Germany an aa, raither than in the flat whaur thair naitural curiosity mey result in damage tae property.
Meethology, airts, an entertainment
In the meethology o the indigenous fowks o the Americas, the raccoon wis the subject o folk tales. Stories lik "Hou raccoons catch sae mony crayfish" frae the Tuscarora centered on its skills at foragin. In ither tales, the raccoon played the role o the trickster whilk outsmarts ither ainimals, lik coyotes an woufs. Amang ithers, the Dakota Sioux believe the raccoon haes naitural spirit pouers, acause its mask resembled the facial pentins, twa-fingered swashes o black an white, uised in rituals tae connect tae spirit beins. The Aztecs linkit supernaitural abilities inspecially tae females, whase commitment tae thair young wis associate wi the role o wise weemen in thair society.
Distribution in Japan
In Japan, up tae 1,500 raccoons wis importit as pets ilka year efter the success o the anime series Rascal the Raccoon (1977). In 2004, the descendants o discardit or escaped ainimals lived in 42 o 47 prefecturs. The population o raccoons in Japan grew frae 17 prefectures in 2000 tae aw 47 prefectures in 2008.
Pet raccoons
Whan orphant, kits can be rehabilitate an reintroduced intae the wild. Housomiver, it is uncertain whether thay readapt weel tae life in the wild. Feedin unweaned kits wi cou's milk raither than a kitten replacement milk or a seemilar product can be dangerous tae thair health.
Conflicts
Amang aw fruits an craps cultivate in agricultural auries, sweet corn in its milk stage is parteecularly popular amang raccoons. In a twa-year study bi Purdue University researchers, published in 2004, raccoons wis responsible for 87% o the damage tae corn plants. Lik ither predators, raccoons sairchin for fuid can break intae poutrie houses tae feed on chickens, ducks, thair eggs, or feed.
Distribution in Germany
In Germany — whaur the racoon is cried the Waschbär (literally, "wash-beir" or "washin beir") due tae its habit o "slockin" fuid in watter—twa pairs o pet raccoons wis released intae the German countryside at the Edersee reservoir in the north o Hesse in Aprile 1934 bi a forester upon request o thair ainer, a poutrie farmer. He released them twa week afore receivin permission frae the Prussian huntin office tae "enrich the fauna." Several prior attempts tae introduce raccoons in Germany wisnae sonsie. A seicont population wis established in eastren Germany in 1945 whan 25 raccoons escaped frae a fur ferm at Wolfshagen, east o Berlin, efter an air strike. The twa populations is parasitologically distinguishable: 70% o the raccoons o the Hessian population is infectit wi the roundworm Baylisascaris procyonis, but nane o the Brandenburgian population haes the parasite. The estimatit nummer o raccoons wis 285 ainimals in the Hessian region in 1956, ower 20,000 ainimals in the Hessian region in 1970 an atween 200,000 an 400,000 ainimals in the hale o Germany in 2008. Bi 2012 it wis estimate that Germany nou haed mair nor a million raccoons.
Distribution outside North America
As a result o escapes an deliberate introductions in the mid-20t century, the raccoon is nou distribute in several European an Asian countries. Sichtins haes occurred in aw the countries bund Germany, whilk hosts the lairgest population ootwi North Americae. Anither stable population exists in northren Fraunce, whaur several pet raccoons wis released bi members o the U.S. Air Force near the Laon-Couvron Air Base in 1966. Mair atouer, raccoons haes been reportit in the aurie aroond Madrid syne the early 1970s. In 2013 the ceety authorised "the capture an daith o ony specimen" foond.
Distribution in Germany
The raccoon wis a pertected species in Germany, but haes been declared a game animal in 14 states syne 1954. Hunters an environmentalists argue the raccoon spreads uncontrollably, threatens pertectit bird species an supersedes domestic carnivorans. This view is opposed bi the zoologist Frank-Uwe Michler, wha fins nae evidence a heich population density o raccoons haes negative effects on the biodiversity o an aurie. Hohmann argues that extensive huntin canna be juistifee'd bi the absence o naitural predators, acause predation isnae a significant cause o daith in the North American raccoon population.