cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Colorado Springs, Colorado
Wi an estimatit population of 414,358 in 2009, it is the seicont maist populous ceety in the state o Colorado, ahint Denver, an the 46t maist populous ceety in the Unitit States, while the Colorado Springs Metropolitan Statistical Area haed an estimatit population o 626,227. The ceety covers 186.1 square miles (482 km2), makin it Colorado's lairgest ceety in aurie. Colorado Springs wis selectit as the No. 1 Best Big Ceety in "Best Places to Live" bi Money magazine in 2006, an placed number ane in Outside's 2009 leet o Americae's Best Ceeties.
Sister ceeties
Sister ceeties o Colorado Springs include:
Salamina, Magdalena
Salamina is a toun an municipality in the Depairtment o Magdalena, northren Colombie.
Šiauliai
Šiauliai, is the fowerth lairgest ceety in Lithuanie, wi a population o 100,739.
Twin touns – Sister ceeties
Šiauliai is twinned wi:
Iona Fyfe
Iona Fyfe is a Scots sangster frae Huntly, Aiberdeenshire maist weel-kent for singin Scots folk sangs an muckle sangs (ballads). Efter lowsin her seicont EP "East" in 2016, Fyfe made forrit til baith the semi-finals o the BBC Radio 2 Young Folk Award an the finals o BBC Radio Scotland Young Traditional Musician of the Year the follaein year. She makkit forrit tae the Young Tranditional Musician of the Year finals again in 2021. In 2019, Fyfe wan "Young Scots Speaker o the Year" at the first Scots Language Awards ceremony in Glesca, an in 2020, wan Scots Performer o the year.
She is a National Director o the Traditional Music and Song Association an sers as a committee memmer o the Musicians Union Scotland.
Biography
Fyfe wis born on the 16 Januar 1998 an wis brocht up in the rounds o Huntly. She stertit learin poems in the Doric byleid o Scots as a bairn. As a bairn Fyfe troked wi a wheen kenspeckle bothy balladers siclike as Jock Duncan, Joe Aitken, an Geordie Murison, bodies that Fyfe haes cried her "adoptive family". Syne, efter singin folk sangs, muckle sangs, an bothy ballads athort the North East, Fyfe pit hersel forrit for a degree at the Royal Conservatoire of Scotland an wis gien a place at the age o 16. She graduatit in 2019 wi a First Class Honours degree in Traditional Music.
Fyfe is pairt o the Scots leed advocacy body, Oor Vyce an outspeaks aften o the mister for Scots tae be kent as a "legal langauge". The Scots Language Awards gied mense tae Fyfe's wark wi the Scots leid wi awards in 2019 and 2020.
Music
Fyfe plays the piana an sings sangs in baith English an Scots, the hinner ane aye in the Doric byleid, an pits English sangs intae Doric Scots. She performs alangside fiddler Charlie Grey an guitarist Aidan Moodie, that crys thairsels the Iona Fyfe Trio. Her muisic haes been played on BBC Radio Scotland, BBC Radio 2, an BBC Radio nan Gàidheal.
Her furst solo album. Away From My Window, wis recordit wi sindry ither airtists, the likes o Tim Edey an Luc McNally.
In Dizember 2020, Fyfe lowsed her Scots owersettin o Christina Rossetti's Yulesang, In the Bleak Midwinter. Efter she wisna able tae wale Scots as the leed for her sang's metadata, she publicly speirt at muisic streamin service Spotify tae eik Scots til the leids available tae descrieve uploadit sangs. In Mairch 2021, Spotify eikit Scots tae their leet o leids.
In 2016, Fyfe wis a semi-finalist o the BBC Radio 2 Young Folk Award. In 2017 an 2021, she wis a finalist o the BBC Radio Scotland Young Traditional Musician awaird. Forby in 2017, she wan the Molloy Award. In 2018, she wan "Scots Singer of the Year" at the MG ALBA Scots Trad Music Awards.
In Januar 2021, Fyfe scrievit a petition opponin the UK government's plans tae exclude professional muiscikers frae thair leet o wirkers permittit tae enter the EU athoot a visa, claimin the plans wid mak tourin Europe "financially unviable".
In Apryle 2021, Fyfe pit oot a rendition o The Northern Lights, the unofficial anthem o Aberdeen F.C., efter bein commissioned bi the club.
Discography
Fyfe haes lowsed twa albums an twa EPs o her sangs.
2015: The First Sangs 2016: East EP 2018: Away From My Window (Cairnie Records) 2019: Dark Turn of Mind (Cairnie Records)
Awairds
2017 - Molloy Award 2018 - Scots Singer of the Year - MG ALBA Scots Trad Music Awards 2019 - Young Scots Speaker o the Year - Scots Language Awards 2020 - Scots Performer o the Year - Scots Language Awards
Moqiseh
Moqiseh (, Romanisit as Moqīseh an aw; kent as Magīsā, Makisa, an Moghīs̄eh an aw) is a veelage in Kah Landwart Destrict, Davarzan Destrict, Sabzevar Coonty, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population wis 644, in 221 faimilies.
Juatuba
Juatuba is a Brazilian municipality locatit in the state o Minas Gerais. The ceety belangs tae the mesoregion Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte an tae the microregion o Belo Horizonte.
Naro-Fominsky Destrict
Naro-Fominsky Destrict (Наро-Фоминский райо́н) is an admeenistrative an municipal destrict (raion), ane o the thirty-sax in Moscow Oblast, Roushie. It is locatit in the southwest o the oblast. Prior tae 1 Julie 2012, the aurie o the destrict wis 1936.28 km2. Its admeenistrative centre is the toun o Naro-Fominsk. Population: 189,763 (2010 Census); The population o Naro-Fominsk accoonts for 34.1% o the destrict's tot population.
History
A pairt o Naro-Fominsky Destrict wis mergit intae the federal ceety o Moscow on 1 Julie 2012.
Usera
Usera is ane o the 21 destricts o the ceety o Madrid, Spain.
Subdiveesion
The destrict is admeenistratively dividit intae 7 wairds (Barrios):
Rud Ab
Rud Ab (, Romanisit as Rūd Āb an aw) is a ceety in an caipital o Rud Ab Destrict, in Sabzevar Coonty, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population wis 3,470, in 883 faimilies.
Tsghuk
Tsghuk (Ծղուկ, Romanisit as Tsqhuk an aw; umwhile, Borisovka an Murkuz) is a veelage an rural commonty (municipality) in the Syunik Province o Armenie. The Naitional Statistical Service o the Republic o Armenie (ARMSTAT) reportit its population as 451 in 2010, up frae 427 at the 2001 census.
Igarapé
Igarapé is a Brazilian municipality locatit in the state o Minas Gerais. The ceety belangs tae the mesoregion Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte an tae the microregion o Belo Horizonte.
Pug
A pug (puggie) is onie member o twa o the three groupins o simian primates. Thir twa groupins is the New Warld an Auld Warld pugs o whilk thegither thare is naur-haund 200 species. Acause o thair sibness tae pugs, apes sic as chimpanzees an gibbons is aft incorrectly cawed monkeys. Thare's nae parteecular chairacterisation whilk aw pugs haes.
Æthelflæd
Æthelflæd, Lady o the Mercians (c. 870 – 12 June 918), ruled Mercia in the Inglis Midlands frae 911 until her deith. She wis the auldest dochter o Alfred the Great, keeng o the Anglo-Saxon kinrick o Wessex, and his wumman Ealhswith. Æthelflæd wis born anent 870 at the tip o the Viking invasions o Ingland. By 878 maist o Ingland wis unner Dens Viking rule, East Anglie an Northumbrie haein been ower haled, and Mercia parteetioned atween the Inglis and the Vikings, but in that year Alfred beird a crucial gree at the Fecht o Edington. Suin efterhaund the Inglis-guidit waster hauf o Mercia cam unner the rule o Æthelred, Laird o the Mercians, wha acceptit Alfred's owerlairdship. Alfred adopted the teetle Keeng o the Inglis, claiming tae rule aw Inglis fowk not leevin in airies unner Viking guidal. In the mid-880s, Alfred sealed the ference atween the Inglis kenricks by souderin Æthelflæd tae Æthelred.
Æthelred played a major role in fechtin aff renewed Viking attacks in the 890s, thegither wi Æthelflæd's brither, the futur Keeng Edward the Elder. Æthelred and Æthelflæd fortifeed Worcester, gied lairge donations tae Mercian kirks and biggit a new minster in Gloucester. Æthelred's heal likely dwyned early in the neist decade, efter whit it is likely that Æthelflæd wis mainly wis the deed o the government o Mercia. Edward haed succeeded as Keeng o the Anglo-Saxons in 899, and in 909 he sent a Wast Saxon and Mercian force tae reive the northren Denlaw. They retoured wi the orrals o the ryal Northumbrie saunt, Oswald, whit war translated tae the new Gloucester minster. Æthelred dee'd in 911 and Æthelflæd then ruled Mercia as Leddy o the Mercians. The aiccession o a female ruler in Mercia is descrived by the historeean Ian Walker as "ane o the maist unique events in early medieval history".
Alfred haed biggit a netwark o fortifeed burhs and in the 910s Edward and Æthelflæd stairtit on a programme o eikin thaim. Amang the touns whaur she biggit defences war Bridgnorth, Tamworth, Stafford, Warwick, Chirbury and Runcorn. In 917 she sent an airmy tae captur Derby, the first o the Five Boroughs o the Denlaw tae faw tae the Inglis, a veectory descrived by Tim Clarkson as "her geyest trumph". In 918 Leicester surrendered without a fecht. Suin efterhaunds the Viking leaders o York offered her their lealtie, but she dee'd on 12Juin 918 afore she coud buit the offer, and a few months later Edward throu the vinkish o Mercia. Æthelflæd wis succeeded by her dochter Ælfwynn, but in December Edward teuk personal guidal o Mercia and cairit Ælfwynn aff tae Wessex.
Historeeans differ whether Mercia wis an sequestrate kenrick unner Æthelred and Ætheflæd but they gree that Æthelflæd wis a gey ruler wha played an important pairt in the vinkish o the Denlaw. She wis praised by Anglo-Norman chroniclers sic as William o Malmesbury, wha descrived her as "a pouerfu aiccession tae [Edward's] pairty, the delite o his subjects, the dreid o his enemies, a wifie o eikit sowel". BY Pauline Stafford's wey o it, "like ... ElizabethI she becam a wunner tae later eilds". In Nick Higham's view, medieval and modren writers hae been so captivated by her that Edward's reputation haes tholed unrichtly in confeerance.
Daniel Arenas
Daniel Arenas Consuegra (born Mairch 30, 1979) is a Colombian actor wha has workit i both Colombie an Mexican televeesion.
Biografie
Arenas wis born on Mairch 30, 1979 i Santander, Colombie. He is the youngest o six children. He studiit actin i the Unitit States.
OpenBSD
OpenBSD is a free operatin system, that pits its emphasis on securitie. The source code is open. It's nae muckle different fae UNIX o the BSD varietie (Berkeley Software Distribution). It wis Theo de Raadt that stairtit OpenBSD in 1995, wi a forkin o the code fae NetBSD. De Raadt's threap is that OpenBSD is an operatin system meant for research an for giein computers better securitie.
The OpenBSD project keeps, an uphauds, portable versions o a wheen o its ain subsystems as packages that ither operatin systems can tak an uise. Wi the emphasis it pits on haein guid-quality code, a lot o OpenBSD's components is uised ower agane in ither saftware projects. Android uises a lot fae OpenBSD's staundart C library. LLVM uises OpenBSD's regular expression library, an Windows 10 uises OpenSSH (kent forby as OpenBSD Secure Shell) wi LibreSSL.
History
In December 1994, Theo de Raadt wis gart resign fae the NetBSD core team. His access tae the program code wis taen awa fae him. Ither team members claimed it was aw aboot fowk on the mailin lists fawin oot wi ane anither.
In October 1995, De Raadt foondit OpenBSD, a new project fork't fae NetBSD 1.0. The first release, OpenBSD 1.2, wis in July 1996, follaed by OpenBSD 2.0 in the October o thon same year. Sinsyne, the project his pitten oot a release ilka six months. Thay support ilkane o thaim for ae year.
On 25 July 2007, OpenBSD developer Bob Beck annunce't the foondin o the OpenBSD Foundation in Canada. This wis a nae-profits organisation wi the ettle o bein "a single pynt o contact for fowk an organisations, needin a legal entitie that thay cud deal wi whan thay wir wantin tae support OpenBSD".
It's haurd tae ken jist hou widely OpenBSD gets uised, seein as the developers disna gaither or publish statistics aboot this. In September 2005, the BSD Certification Group surveyed BSD uisers. Thay fand that 33% o thaim uised OpenBSD, ahint FreeBSD wi its 77% an aheid o NetBSD wi jist 16%.
Netwark appliances
Ae thing that OpenBSD staunds oot for is its strang, sturdy netwarkin stack. It can be uised as a router or a wireless access pynt. OpenBSD's better securitie, its ain inbiggit cryptographie, an its packet filter maks it a guid chyce for firewaws, intrusion detection, VPN gateweys, an ither purposes whaur securitie is important.
A wheen o proprietarie systems is biggit on OpenBSD, amang thaim anes fae Armorlogic (Profense web application firewaw), Calyptix Security, GeNUA and .vantronix.
Foreign operatin systems
A curn versions o Microsoft's Services for UNIX, a biggin oot o the Windows operatin system tae gie functionalitie sib tae UNIX, uises a lot o OpenBSD code that comes wi the Interix interoperability suite develop't by Softway Systems Inc, that Microsoft bocht in 1999. Core Force, a securitie product for Windows, is foondit on OpenBSD's firewaw.
Personal computers
OpenBSD comes ready wi Xenocara, a implementation o the X Window System. It can be uised as a desktap operatin system for personal computers, laptaps an aw. As o September 2018, OpenBSD hauds aboot 8000 packages in its saftware repositorie, amang thaim environments the like o GNOME, Plasma 4, an Xfce, an wab browsers the likes o Firefox and Chromium.
Servers
OpenBSD his a full server suite. It can be setten up tae be a mail server, wab server, FTP server, DNS server, router, firewa, NFS file server, or onie o thae things thegither.
Securitie
Nae lang efter the wark stairtit on OpenBSD, De Raadt heard fae a local security saftware company named Secure Networks (ane that McAfee bocht later). Thay wir wirkin on a netwark security audit tool cried Ballista, that its aim wis tae find, an tak a len o, flaws in saftware security. This fittit weel wi De Raadt's interest in securitie, sae the twa o thaim wirkit thegither, leadin tae the launch o OpenBSD 2.3. This jynt wark helpit tae bring securitie tae the fore as the focus o the OpenBSD project.
OpenBSD his a wheen o features that thair aim is better security, the likes o:
Tae lower the risk o a waikness, or wrang settin up, or allouin a process tae hae privilege it shudna hae, a lot o programs his been written or cheenged tae mak uise o privilege separation, privilege revocation an chrooting. Privilege separation is a wey o wirkin, first tried on OpenBSD and inspire't by the principle o "lowest privilege", whaur a program is splitten intae twa or mair pairts: ane o thaim dis the privileged operations an the ither ane, awmaist aye the feck o the code, rins wi nae privilege. Privilege revocation is gey near the same, an gars a program dui ony operations it needs til wi the privileges it stairts wi, an syne draps thaim. Chrooting means haudin an application tae ae pairt o the file system, baurin it fae areas that micht haud private or system files. Developers sinsyne his applied thon principles tae OpenBSD maks o a wheen common applications, the likes o tcpdump, file, tmux, smtpd, and syslogd.
OpenBSD developers played a big pairt in the makkin o OpenSSH (kent forby as OpenBSD Secure Shell). It code is haudit in the same CVS repositories as OpenBSD. OpenBSD Secure Shell is foondit on the auld, first SSH. It first appeared in OpenBSD 2.6, an nou it's by far the widest uised SSH client an server, available on a heest o operatin systems.
The project his a policy o aye auditin source code for problems. This is wark that developer Marc Espie his said "is nivver finish't ... mair a maiter o a process nor o a kent bug bein huntit." He cairied on tae gie a list o a curn typical steps thay tak ance a bug is fund, amang thaim leukin throu the hail code tree for problems that is the same or gey near the same, "tryin tae wirk oot if the documents is needin cheenged", an leukin intae whether "it's possible tae mak the compiler warn aboot this partiecular problem."
Tanahat
Tanahat (Թանահատ, Romanisit as T’anahat an aw; umwhile, Dzhomardlu an Jomardlu) is a veelage an rural commonty (municipality) in the Syunik Province o Armenie. The Naitional Statistical Service o the Republic o Armenie (ARMSTAT) reportit its population as 76 in 2010, up frae 42 at the 2001 census.
OpenBSD
Security record
The OpenBSD wabsite maks a claim aboot the system's security record, a claim that staunds oot richt awa. Until June 2002, it read:
"Five year, an nae remote hole in the defaut installation!"
In June 2002, Mark Dowd fae Internet Security Systems telt awbodie aboot a bug in the OpenSSH code, the pairt giein challenge-response authentication. This waikness in OpenBSD's defaut installation alloued a attacker tae get intae the ruit accoont remote-like, an this wis gey serious no jist tae OpenBSD, bit forby tae the wheen o ither operatin systems that wis uisin OpenSSH by then. Oot o this, the slogan on the OpenBSD wabsite hid tae be cheenged til:
The claim bade the wey it wis ower time, until 13th Mairch, 2007, whan Alfredo Ortega fae Core Security Technologies telt awbodie aboot a remote vulnerability tied tae netwarkin. Efter this ane the quote wis cheenged til:
This statement his been doun-cried, seein as the defaut installation disna hae monie rinnin services, an a lot o uise cases needs ither services an aw. As weel, seein as the ports tree hauds third-pairtie saftware that hisna been auditit, it is easie for uisers tae waiken securitie if thay instaw packages wrang or set thaim up wrang. For aw that, the project threaps that the slogan is meant tae be aboot a defaut installation, an that it is richt by that meisure.
Alleged back door
On 11 December 2010, Gregory Perry, that hid aerlier been a technical consultant for the Federal Bureau o Investigation (FBI), emailed De Raadt wi a claim that the FBI hid pey'd some OpenBSD ex-developers 10 year afore tae pit "backdoors" intae the OpenBSD Cryptographic Framewark. De Raadt made the email public on 14 December by sendin it on tae the openbsd-tech mailin list an askit for a audit o the IPsec codebase. De Raadt's answer wis that he hid his douts aboot the report, an he invitit aw the developers tae review the code independent-like. In the weeks that follaed, bugs wis fix't but naebodie fund onie evidence o backdoors. De Raadt threap't "A div believe that NetSec wis likelie contractit tae write backdoors lik it's been alleged. If thay wir written, A dinna believe thay wun the lenth o oor tree. Thay micht hae been deployed as thair ain product."
Criticisms
In December 2017, Ilja van Sprundel, director at IOActive, gied a speik at the CCC as weel as DEF CON, wi the title "Is aw BSDs creatit equal-like?" A survey o BSD kernel waiknesses" whaur he said that, awtho OpenBSD wis the clear winner o the BSDs as meisured by hou secure thay ar, "Bugs is aye easie tae find in thae kernels, even in OpenBSD".
Twa year efter, in 2019, a speik wi the name "A systematic evaluation of OpenBSD's mitigations" wis gien at the CCC. It airgued that, while OpenBSD dis hae some wirthwhile mitigations, a guid monie o thaim is "uiseless at best, an foondit on pure luck an superstition", airguin for a mair rational approach in thair design.
Haurdware compatibiliie
The different computers an ither devices ye can uise OpenBSD on is gien in a list in the OpenBSD Supported Platforms Notes. Ither arrangements micht wirk an aw, bit they jist hinna been testit or pitten doun in the documents. Thare's a 3rd-pairtie repository o (roch) lists o computers an ither devices, pitten thegither automatic-like.
In 2020, a new project wis stairtit tae gaither information, automatic-like, aboot aw the testit haurdware arrangements.
Subprojects
Monie open source projects stairtit as components o OpenBSD. Amang thaim wir:
Some subsystems his been brocht inby as pairt o ither BSD operatin systems,  an a lot  o thaim can be gotten as packages tae be uised in ither Unix-like systems.
Linux administrator Carlos Fenollosa said, whan he gaed ower fae Linux tae OpenBSD, that the system is leal tae Unix's philosophie o haein sma an simple tools that wirks thegither weel. "Some base components disna hae the same number o features, deliberate-like. Seein as 99% o the servers disna need tae be swack lik Apache, OpenBSD's httpd wull wirk fine, be mair secure, an likelie faster". He described the developer community's attitude tae components this wey: "whan the community decides that some module is nae uise for oniething, they jist develop a new ane fae the beginnin. OpenBSD his its ain NTPd, SMTPd and, mair latelie, HTTPd. They wirk jist rare". The ootcome is that, time an time agane, OpenBSD creates components an syne a wheen o thaim is uised agane in ither systems.
OpenBSD rins gey near aw o its staundart daemons inside chroot and privsep securitie structures by defaut, as pairt o haurdenin the base system.
The Calgary Internet Exchange wis foondit in 2012, in pairt sae's tae serve the needs o the OpenBSD project.
Third-pairtie components
Inside OpenBSD thare's a wheen o third-pairtie components, a lot o thaim wi patches meant jist for OpenBSD, the likes o X.Org, Clang (the defaut compiler on a wheen o architectures), GCC,Perl, NSD, Unbound, ncurses, GNU binutils, GDB, an AWK.
Development
Development gangs on aw the time, an team management is open an organised intae tiers. Oniebodie wi the richt skills can jyne in, wi the richt tae commit wark gien on merit an wi De Raadt actin as the heid-ane. Twa official releases is made ilka year, wi the version number raised by 0.1, and ilkane is supportit for twal months (twa release cycles). Snapshot releases is pitten oot an aw, aften.
Upkeep patches for supportit releases can be pitten on manual-like or by bringin a system up-tae-date against the patch braunch o the CVS repository for that release. On the ither haund, a system administrator can decide tae upgrade fae a snapshot release an syne update the system regular-like fae the current branch o the CVS repository, sae's tae gain access tae new features afore thay'r released.
The generic OpenBSD kernel providit by defaut is recommendit as the best ane for end uisers, nae like operatin systems that recommends uisers dui the kernel customisation thaimsels.
Packages ootside the base system is maintained by CVS throu a ports tree, an thay'r the responsibilitie o the individual maintainers, cried "porters". As weel as keepin the current braunch up tae date, porters is leukit-tae tae pit in the richt bug-fixes an upkeep fixes tae braunches o thair package for OpenBSD's supportit releases. On the hail, ports is no gien the same on-gaun auditin as the base system, for want o manpouer.
Binary packages is biggit central-like fae the ports tree for ilka architecture. This process is duin for the current version, for ilka supportit release, and for ilka snapshot. Administrators is recommendit tae uise the package mechanism insteid o biggin the package fae the ports tree, unless they need tae make thair ain cheenges tae the source code.
OpenBSD's developers meets regular-like at special events cried hackathons, whaur they "sit doun an code", wi the ettle o daein a lot o wark. In maist new releases, there's a sang.
Open source an open documentation
OpenBSD is kent for its guid quality o documentation. It's seen as the best amang aw the BSD operating systems, tho aw o thaim pits a lot o effort intae correct documentation.
Whan OpenBSD wis first stairtit, De Raadt wantit the source code tae be open tae oniebodie tae read. At thon time, it wis uisual that a sma team o developers hid access tae a project's source code. Chuck Cranor an De Raadt thocht this practice "didna fit wi the open source philosophie" an wis jist gettin in the road o potential contributors. Thegither, Cranor and De Raadt set up the first public, nameless CVS server. De Raadt's decision alloued uisers tae "tak a mair steerin role", and set doun the project's commitment tae haein open access.
OpenBSD disna haud closed-source binary drivers in the source tree, an thay dinna haud code that needs a non-disclosure agreement tae be signed aither.
Seein as OpenBSD his its hame in Canada, US American export restrictions on cryptography disna haud. This allous the distribution tae mak full uise o modren algorithms for encryption. For example, the swap space is pairtit intae sma sections an ilka section is encryptit wi its ain key, makkin shuir that sensitive data disna leak ower intae a insecure pairt o the system.
Tuija Brax
Tuija Kaarina Brax (née Karvonen, born 6 Januar 1965 in Helsinki) is a Finnish politeecian an umwhile Meenister o Juistice. She is a Member o Finnish Parliament, representin the Green League. She wis first electit tae the Parliament in 1995. She haes been the Meenister o Juistice in Matti Vanhanen's seicont cabinet an Mari Kiviniemi's cabinet.
OpenBSD
Open source an open documentation
The OpenBSD policie on openness gaes as faur as haurdware documentation: in the slides for a presentation in December 2006, De Raadt explain't that wi-oot it "developers aften gangs agley writin drivers", an pyntit oot that "the [michtie, A gart it wirk] rush is haurder tae bring aboot, an some developers jist gies up." He gaed on tae say that binary drivers fae the vendor is nae acceptable as pairt o OpenBSD, that thay hiv "nae trust o vendors' binaries rinning in oor kernel" an that thare is "nae wey tae fix [thaim] ... whan thay brak."
Tuija Brax
She haes an aw been a member o the Helsinki Ceety Cooncil frae 1993 an she is active in various professional sport organisations.
OpenBSD
Licensin
OpenBSD's licence policie is a strict ane, wi a better likin for the ISC license an ither variants o the BSD licence. The project tries tae haud tae the spirit o the auld Berkeley Unix copierichts," that alloued a "Unix source distribution wi-oot muckle hindrance." The widelie uised Apache License an the GNU General Public License is seen as ower strict.
In June 2001, stemmin fae worries aboot Darren Reed's cheenges tae IPFilter's licence wirdin, a systematic license audit o the OpenBSD ports an the source trees wis haudit. Code in mair nor a hunder files throu the hail system wis fund tae be: nae licensed ava; nae licensed clear-like; or in uise against the terms o thair license. Tae mak shuir that aw the licences wis abidden by, thay tried tae mak contact wi aw thaim that hid relevant copyrichts: some pieces o code wis taen oot, an a wheen o thaim wis replace't awthegither. Ither anes, the like o the multicast routin tools  and , wis licensed ower agane sae's that OpenBSD cud cairy on uisin thaim. Forby, aw saftware that wis the wark o Daniel J. Bernstein wis taen oot. At thon time, Bernstein wis wantin aw cheenges tae his code tae hae his approval afore thay wir sent oot, an OpenBSD developers wis sweirt tae pit time an darg intae daein this.
Meriden, Connecticut
Meriden is a ceety in New Haven Coonty, Connecticut, Unitit States. Accordin tae 2005 Census Bureau estimates, the population o the ceety is 59,653.
Tuija Brax
Brax haes a Maister's degree in law frae the University o Helsinki. Brax haes an aw served as the Chair o the Legal Affairs Committee in the Finnish Parliament. She is marriet tae Antti Brax. They hae twa childer, Aarni (born 1993) an Arttu (born 1997).
Meriden, Connecticut
History
Meriden wis oreeginally pairt o Wallingford. It wis grantit a separate meetinghoose in 1727, became a toon in 1806, an incorporatit as a ceety in 1867. It wis named for the toun o Meriden, Wast Midlands, Ingland.
Yakuza
Yakuza (ヤクザ or やくざ), kent as gokudō (極道) anaw, are members o traditional organised crime syndicates in Japan. The Japanese polis, an media bi request o the polis, caw them bōryokudan (暴力団), literally "violence group", while the yakuza caw themselves "ninkyō dantai" (任侠団体 or 仁侠団体), "chivalrous organisations". The yakuza are notoriously kent for thair strict codes o conduct an very organised naitur. Thay are very prevalent in the Japanese media an operate internationally wi an estimatit 102,400 members.
OpenBSD
Licensin
Oot o worries aboot licensin, the OpenBSD team his written saftware ower agane fae the beginnin, or brocht in suitable saftware that hid been written awreadie. For example, OpenBSD developers creatit the PF packet filter efter they cudna accept restrictions that hid been pitten on IPFilter. PF wis first pairt o OpenBSD 3.0, an it's pairt o a lot o ither operatin systems nou. OpenBSD developers his written thair ain tools, wi the licence open tae oniebodie, tae tak the place o general licensed tools the like o CVS, diff, grep and pkg-config.
Fundin
OpenBSD an its portable components is uised in ither products, tho De Raadt says that nae muckle o the siller fae sellin thae products wins the lenth o OpenBSD. "Mainlie wir siller haes been gotten fae uisers' donations an fae uisers buyin wir CDs. It's easie tae see that wunna be muckle."
For a peiriod o twa year in the aerlie 2000s, the project wis gettin siller frae DARPA, an that "pey'd the salaries o 5 fowk tae wirk ful-time, bocht aboot thertie thoosand dollars in haurdware, and pey'd for 3 hackathons", fae the POSSE project.
In 2006, the OpenBSD project suffer't fae a want o siller. The Mozilla Foundation an GoDaddy is twa o the organisations that helpit OpenBSD tae haud gaun. For aw that, De Raadt wis fash't that this wis aw ae-sidit: "A think donations an peyments shoud hae come first fae the saftware sellers, an syne saicont fae the corporate uisers, an third fae uisers by thaimsels. Reallie, it's been awmaist the ither wey roon awthegither, wi a ratio o awmaist 15 dollars tae ane comin fae the wee fowk. Thank ye muckle, wee fowk!"
On 14 January 2014, Bob Beck askit for siller tae pey electritie bills. Gin thay cudna find fundin for the lang term, Beck thocht the OpenBSD project wad hae tae close doun. The project suin got a donation o twintie thoosand US dollars fae Mircea Popescu, him that wis the Romanian creator o the MPEx bitcoin stock exchange. The donation wis pey'd in bitcoins. The project brocht in US$150,000 fae the appeal, sae's it cud pey its bills an mak siccar its short-term future. Fae 2014 on, a curn big contributions tae the OpenBSD Foundation his come fae corporations, the likes o Microsoft, Facebook an Google as weel as the Core Infrastructure Initiative.
Durin the 2016 and 2017 fundraisin campaigns, it wis Smartisan, a Chinese firm, that gied the maist siller tae the project.
Distribution
Oniebodie can get haud o OpenBSD, an in a wheen o weys: the source can be taen anonymous-like fae CVS, an binary releases an development snapshots can be dounloadit by FTP, HTTP, and rsync. CD-ROM sets, up tae version 6.0, can be order't online for a smaw fee, thegither wi a curn stickers an a copie o the release's theme sang. Thir things, wi thair airtwark an ither bonuses, his been ane o the project's (no monie) sources o siller. It peys for haurdware, Internet service, an ither costs. Stairtin fae version 6.1, CD-ROM sets is no gien oot onie mair.
OpenBSD comes wi its ain package management system sae's that programs that is no pairt o its base operatin system can be instawed an managed easie-like. Packages is binarie files that is extractit, managed an taen oot wi the package tools. On OpenBSD, the source o packages is the ports system, a gaitherin thegither o Makefiles an ither infrastructure needit tae create packages. In OpenBSD, the ports an base operatin system is developed an released thegither for ilka version. This means that the ports or packages released wi, for example, 4.6 is no suitable for uisin wi 4.5, an the same the ither wey roond.
Sangs and airtwark
Tae stairt wi, OpenBSD uised a version (wi a halo) o the BSD daemon mascot drawn by Erick Green, him that wis askit by De Raadt tae draw the logo for the 2.3 and 2.4 versions o OpenBSD. Green planned tae draw a full daemon, heid an body an aw, bit jist the heid wis ready in time for OpenBSD 2.3. The body wi the graip an tail wis ready for OpenBSD 2.4. The follaein releases uised ither things, the likes o a police daemon fae Ty Semaka. In the hinner end, thay settle't on a pufferfish cried Puffy. Fae then on, Puffy his been on OpenBSD promotional material an feature't in release sangs an airtwark.
Yakuza
Divisions and origin
Despite uncertainty aboot the single origin o yakuza organisations, maist modren yakuza derive frae twa classifications which emerged in the mid-Edo Period (1603–1868): tekiya, those who primarily peddled illicit, stolen or shoddy goods; an bakuto, those who war involved in or participated in gambling.
Meriden, Connecticut
History
The auldest hoose in toun still standin, built bi Solomon Goffe in 1711, is nou a museum, the Solomon Goffe House.
In the 1800s, Meriden earned the nickname “Silver Ceety,” due tae the lairge number o cutlery an relatit products which wur manufactured here bi companies such as International Silver an Meriden Cutlery.
Charles Parker an his younger brither, opened their first manufacturin factory in Meriden in 1832, wi a caipital ootlay o $70.00. Ower the years they manufactured a wide variety o products‚ frae steam ingines, train wheels an printin presses tae piano stools. Durin the American Ceevil War Parker's Meriden Machine Company wis unner Union contract tae produce 10,000 repeatin rifles an 15,000 Springfield rifles. Parker began producin his awn shotgun, referred to as “The Gun of 1866”. In 1868, Charles an his sons, Wilbur, Charles an Dexter stairtit the Parker Brothers Gun Company, which continued as an independent company till 1934 when it wis purchased bi the Remington Arms Company.
The Hanging Hills' Hubbard Park wis financed bi Walter Hubbard, local entrepreneur an preses o the Bradley & Hubbard Manufacturing Company. Hubbard elicitit the assistance o notable landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted in drawin up the design.
Edwin Howard Armstrong, a netwirk radio pioneer who inventit FM radio, uised West Peak for the location o ane o the first FM radio broadcasts in 1939. His oreeginal 70 ft tall radio mast still staunds on the peak. Currently West Peak is hame tae sax FM broadcast stations, includin WPKT, WWYZ, WKSS, WDRC-FM, WPHH an WHCN. In 1900, Castle Craig wis dedicatit in Hubbard Park.
OpenBSD
Sangs and airtwark
Thare's been themes the likes o Puffy the Barbarian in OpenBSD 3.3. Pairt o it wis an 80s rock sang an parodie o Conan the Barbarian hintin at open documentation, The Wizard of OS in OpenBSD 3.7, tied tae the project's wark on wireless drivers, an Hackers of the Lost RAID, a parodie o Indiana Jones hintin at the new RAID tools in OpenBSD 3.8.
Meriden, Connecticut
History
The Curtis Memorial Library opened in 1903.
OpenBSD
Beuks
Thare's been a wheen o beuks aboot OpenBSD that wis published, includin:
Yakuza
Divisions and origin
The Edo govrenment eventually formally recognised sic tekiya organisations an granted the oyabun (leaders) o tekiya a surname as well as permission tae cairy a swuird — the wakizashi, or short samurai swuird (the right tae cairy the katana, or full-sized samurai swuirds, remained the exclusive right o the nobility an samurai castes). This wis a major step forrit for the traders, as anly umwhile samurai an noblemen war allowed tae cairy swuirds.
Bakuto (gamblers) haed a hintle lawer social staundin even than traders, as gambling wis illegal. Mony sma gambling houses cropped up in abandoned temples or shrines at the edge o towns an villages aw ower Japan. Most o thair gambling houses ran loan sharking businesses for clients, an thay uisually maintained thair ain security personnel.
Meriden, Connecticut
History
The Franciscan Sisters o the Eucharist hae their mither hoose in Meriden as dae the Franciscan Brithers o the Eucharist.
Sheshtomad
Sheshtomad (, Romanisit as Sheshtamad an aw) is a ceety in an caipital o Sheshtomad Destrict, in Sabzevar Coonty, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population wis 2,246, in 671 faimilies.
Yakuza
Divisions and origin
The places themselves, as well as the bakuto, war regarded wi disdain bi society at lairge, an hintle o the undesirable image o the yakuza oreeginates frae bakuto; this includes the name yakuza itself (ya-ku-za, or 8-9-3, is a losin haund in Oicho-Kabu, a form o blackjack).
The rites o the yakuza can still be seen tae this day in initiation ceremonies, which incorporate tekiya or bakuto rituals. Awtho the modren yakuza haes diversified, some gangs still identify wi ony group or the ither; for ensaumple, a gang whose primary soorce o income is illegal gambling mey refer tae themselves as bakuto.
Structure
During the formation o the yakuza, thay adoptit the traditional Japanese hierarchical structur o oyabun-kobun whaur kobun (子分; lit. foster bairn) owe thair allegiance tae the oyabun (親分; lit. foster parent). In a hintle later period, the code o jingi (仁義, juistice an duty) wis developed, whaur lealtie an respect are a wey o life.
The oyabun-kobun relationship is formalised bi ceremonial sharin o sake frae a single cup. This ritual is nae exclusive tae the yakuza—it is an aw commonly performed in traditional Japanese Shinto weddings, an mey hae been a pairt o sworn brotherhood relationships.
During the World War II period in Japan, the mair traditional tekiya/bakuto form o organisation declined as the entire population wis mobilised tae pairticipate in the war effort an society came unner strict military govrenment. Efter the war, houiver, the yakuza adoptit it again.
Prospective yakuza come frae aw walks o life. The maist romantic tales tell how yakuza acceptit sons who haed been abandoned or exiled bi thair parents. Mony yakuza stairt oot in junior heich schuil or heich schuil as common street thugs or members o bōsōzoku gangs. Aiblins acause o its lawer socio-economic status, numerous yakuza members come frae Burakumin an ethnic Korean backgrounds.
Yakuza groups are heidit bi an oyabun or kumichō (組長, faimily heid) who gies orders tae his subordinates, the kobun. In this respect, the organisation is a variation o the traditional Japanese senpai-kōhai (senior-junior) model. Members o yakuza gangs cut thair faimily ties an transfer thair lealtie tae the gang boss. Thay refer tae ilk ither as faimily members - faithers an elder an younger brithers. The yakuza is populated awmaist entirely bi men, an thare are very few weemen involved, who are cried "nee-san" (姐さん aulder sister). When the third Yamaguchi-gumi boss (Kazuo Taoka) died in the early 1980s, his wife (Fumiko) teuk ower as boss o the Yamaguchi-gumi, albeit for a short time.
The yakuza hae a very complex organisational structur. Thare is an oweraw boss o the syndicate, the kumicho, an directly beneath him are the saiko komon (senior advisor) an so-honbucho  (headquarters chief). The seicont in the chain o command is the wakagashira, who governs several gangs in a region wi the help o a fuku-honbucho who is himsel responsible for several gangs. The regional gangs themselves are governed bi thair local boss, the shateigashira.
Each members connection is ranked bi the hierarchy o sakazuki (sake sharin). Kumicho are at the tap, an control various saikō-komon (最高顧問, senior advisors). The saikō-komon control thair ain turfs in different auries or ceeties. Thay hae thair ain underlings, includin ither underbosses, advisors, accountants an enforcers.
Those who hae received sake frae the oyabun are pairt o the immediate faimily an ranked in terms o elder or younger brithers. Houiver, each kobun, in turn, can offer sakazuki as oyabun tae his underling tae form an affiliated organisation, which much in turn form lawer ranked organisations. In the Yamaguchi-gumi, which controls some 2,500 businesses an 500 yakuza groups, thare are even 5t rank subsidiary organisations.
Santa Cruz Atizapán
Santa Cruz Atizapán is a toun an municipality, in the State o Mexico in Mexico. The municipality covers an aurie o 8.42 km².
Yakuza
Rituals
Yubitsume, or the cutting o ane's finger, is a form o penance or apology. Upon a first offence, the transgressor must cut off the tip o his left little finger an gie the severed portion tae his boss. While an underboss mey dae this in penance tae the oyabun if he wants tae spare a member o his ain gang frae faur retaliation.
Its origin stems frae the traditional wey o holding a Japanese swuird. The bottom three fingers o each haund are uised tae grip the swuird tightly, wi the thumb an index fingers slichtly loose. The removal o deegits stairtin wi the little finger muivin up the haund tae the index finger progressively waikens a persons grip on the swuird.
The idea is that a person wi a waik swuird grip then haes tae rely mair on the group for pertection—reducing individual action. In recent years, prosthetic fingertips hae been developed tae disguise this distinctive appearance.
Mony yakuza hae full-body tattoos. Thair tattoos, kent as irezumi in Japan, are still eften "hand-picked", that is, the ink is inserted beneath the skin uisin non-electrical, haund-made an haund held tuils wi needles or sharpened bamboo or steel. The procedure is expensive an painful an can tak years tae complete.
When yakuza members play Oicho-Kabu cards wi ilk ither, thay eften remove thair shirts or open them up an drape them aroond thair waists. This allows them tae display thair full-body tattoos tae ilk ither. This is ane o the few times that yakuza members display thair tattoos tae others, as thay normally keep them concealed in public wi lang-sleeves an heich-necked shirts. When new members join, thay are eften required tae remove thair trousers as well an reveal anly lawer body tattoos.
The three largest syndicates
Awtho yakuza membership haes declined follaein an anti-gang law aimed specifically at yakuza an passed bi the Japanese govrenment in 1992, thair are thocht tae be mair nor 103,000 active yakuza members in Japan the day. Awtho thare are mony different yakuza groups, thegither thay form the lairgest organised crime group in the world.
Designated bōryokudan
A designated boryokudan (指定暴力団) is a "particularly harmful" yakuza group registered bi the Prefectural Public Safety Commissions unner the Organised Crime Countermeasures Law (暴力団対策法) enactit in 1991.
Unner the Organised Crime Countermeasures Law, the Prefectural Public Safety Commissions haes registered 22 syndicates as the designated boryokudan groups. Fukuoka Prefectur haes the lairgest nummer o designated boryokudan groups amang ony o the prefectures, at 5; the Kudo-kai, the Taishu-kai, the Fukuhaku-kai, the Dojin-kai an the Kyushu Seido-kai.
Designated boryokudan groups are uisually lairge, auld-established organisations (maistly formed afore Warld War II, some even formed afore the Meiji Revolution o the 19t century), houiver thare are some exceptions sic as the Kyushu Seido-kai which, wi it's blatant armed conflicts wi the Dojin-kai, wis registered anly twa years efter its formation.
The nummers which follae the names o boryokudan groups refer tae the group's leadership. For ensaumple, Yoshinori Watanabe heid the Yamaguchi-gumi fifth; on his retirement, Shinobu Tsukasa became heid o the Yamaguchi-gumi sixth, an "Yamaguchi-gumi VI" is the group's formal name.
Nam-gu, Busan
Nam-gu (leeterally sooth destrict) is a gu, or district, in sooth central Busan, Sooth Korea. Hintle o Nam-gu sticks oot intae the Sea o Japan (East Sea), shapin a peninsula which separates Suyeong Bay frae Busan Harbor. It haes a aurie o 25.91 km². Nam-gu offeecially became a gu o Busan in 1975. In 1995 pairt o Nam-gu wis dividit tae shape Suyeong-gu.
Busan Subwey
The Busan Subwey (line 2) passes throu Nam-gu, whaur an interchynge connects it tae the heich-gate leadin tae the Gwangan Brig. Fower subwey stations alang Busan Subwey (line 2) are locatit Nam-gu, goin frae Kyungsung Varsity · Pukyong Naitional Varsity Station tae Jigegol Station.
Geografie
Nam-gu conteens a total o 7 islands, aw uninhabitit, wi a total aurie o anerly 0.3 km². Amang these are the Oryukdo islets which mark the entrance tae Busan Harbor. The heichest point o Nam-gu lees inland: the peak o Hwangnyeongsan, at 427 metres abuin sea level. Hwangnyeong-san marks the point whaur Nam-gu's borders meet those o Yeonje-gu an Busanjin-gu an aw.
Admeenistrative diveesions
Nam-gu is dividit intae 6 legal dong, which aathegither comprise 19 admeenistrative dong, as follaes:
Eddication
A nummer o institutions o heicher education, includin 6 varsities, are locatit in Nam-gu. It includes Pusan Varsity o Foreign Studies, Kyungsung Varsity, Tongmyong Varsity, an Pukyong Naitional Varsity. It is hame tae the Unitit Naitions Memorial Cemetery an aw.
Zapata Coonty
Zapata Coonty is a coonty locatit in the U.S. state o Texas. As o the 2010 census, its population wis 14,018. Its coonty seat is Zapata. Zapata is namit for Colonel Jose Antonio de Zapata, a rancher in the aurie who rebelled against Mexico.
Clare Adamson
Clare Adamson (born 1967), is a Scots politician. She is an Scots National Pairty Member o the Scots Pairlament (MSP), representin the Central Scotland regional leet, syne 2011.
Zapata Coonty
The Sooth Texas Ile Boom includit wells drilled in Zapata Coonty in the early 1920s throu the wirk o Laredo industrialist Oliver Winfield Killam, a Missouri native who ance servit as an Oklahoma state legislator.
Clare Adamson
She wes electit as the Constituency MSP for Motherwell an Wishae in Mey 2016. Aforehaund she haed representit Central Scotland Region atween the years 2011 an 2016.
Zapata Coonty
Geografie
Accordin tae the U.S. Census Bureau, the coonty haes a tot aurie o 1058 sqmi, o which 997 sqmi is laund an 61 sqmi (5.80%) is watter.
Clare Adamson
Clare Adamson is Convener o The Eddication an Skeills Commatee at The Scots Pairliament,an alsae Convener o the cross Pairty Group for Accident Prevention an Safety Awaureness an the Cross Pairty Group for Science an technologie forbye.
Zapata Coonty
Govrenment an politics
Zapata Coonty in maist elections owerwhelmingly supports the Democratic. In the November 4, 2008, general election Barack Obama defeatit John McCain, the presidential winner in Texas, bi 1,939 votes (67.7 percent) tae 918 (32 percent).
Clare Adamson
Afore bein electit tae the Scots Pairliament Clare Adamson haed serred as a Cooncilor at Nor Lanarkshire Cooncil for The Ward o Wishae atween the years 2007-2012
Zapata Coonty
Demografics
As o the census o 2000, thare wur 12,182 fowk, 3,921 hoosehauolds, an 3,164 faimilies residin in the coonty. Zapata Coonty is estimatit tae be the eleivent fastest growin coonty (+15.8%) in the state o Texas syne the year 2000 (based on % o population chynge). The population densitie wis 12 fowk per square mile (5/km²). Thare wur 6,167 hoosin units at an average densitie o 6 per square mile (2/km²). The racial makup o the coonty wis 84.07% White, 0.41% Black or African American, 0.32% Native American, 0.19% Asie, 0.04% Paceefic Islander, 12.64% frae ither races, an 2.33% frae twa or mair races. 84.78% o the population wur Hispanic or Latino o ony race.
Thare wur 3,921 hoosehaulds oot o which 43.20% haed childer unner the age o 18 livin wi thaim, 64.20% wur mairit couples livin thegither, 13.00% haed a female househaulder wi no husband present, an 19.30% wur nan-faimilies. 17.50% o aw hoosehaulds wur made up o individuals an 10.30% haed someane livin alane who wis 65 years o age or aulder. The average hoosehauld size wis 3.10 an the average faimily size wis 3.52.