cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
History o Tunis
Islamic conquest
Local opposition tae the authorities began tae intensify in September 945, when the Kharijite insurgents occupied Tunis, resultin in general pillagin. Wi the rise o the Zirid dynasty Tunis gained importance, but the Sunni population toleratit Shi'ite rule less an less, an carried oot massacres against the Shi'ite community. In 1048 the Zirid ruler Al-Muizz ibn Badis rejectit his ceety's obedience tae the Fatimids an re-established Sunni rites throughoot aw o Ifriqiya. This decision infuriatit the Shi'ite caliph Al-Mustansir Billah. Tae punish the Zirids, he unleasht the Banu Hilal Arab tribe on Ifriqaya; a lairge pairt o the kintra wis put tae fire, the Zirid caipital Kairouan wis razed in 1057, an anerlie a few coastal touns, includin Tunis an Mahdia, escaped destruction. Exposed tae violence frae the hostile tribes that settled aroond the ceety, the population o Tunis repudiatit the authority o the Zirids an swore allegiance tae the Hammadid prince El Nacer ibn Alennas, who wis based in Béjaïa, in 1059. The govrenor appointit bi Béjaïa, haein reestablished order in the kintra, didna hesitate tae free hissel frae the Hammadids tae foond the Khourassanid dynasty wi Tunis as its caipital. This sma independent kinrick picked up the threads o trade an commerce wi ither naitions, an brocht the region back tae peace an prosperity.
Frae the 12t century tae the 16t century, the auld ceety wis controlled bi the Almohad an the Hafsid Berber dynasties. Durin this period Tunis wis ane o the richest an grandest ceeties in the Islamic warld, wi a population o aboot 100,000.
New caipital o Tunisie
In 1159, the Almohad 'Abd al-Mumin teuk Tunis, owerthrew the last Khourassanid leader an instawed a new govrenment in the kasbah o Tunis. The Almohad conquest merked the beginnin o the dominance o the ceety in Tunisie. Haein previously played a minor role ahint Kairouan an Mahdia, Tunis wis promotit tae the rank o provincial caipital. In 1228, Govrenor Abû Zakariya Yahyâ seized pouer an, a year later, teuk the title o Emir an foondit the Hafsid dynasty. The ceety became the caipital o a Hafsid kinrick stretchin towards Tripoli an Fez. Walls wur biggit tae pertect the emergin principal toun o the kinrick, surroondin the medina, the kasbah an the new suburbs o Tunis. In 1270 the ceety wis taken briefly bi Louis IX o Fraunce, who wis hopin tae convert the Hafsid sovereign tae Christianity. Keeng Louis easily captured Carthage, but his airmy suin fell victim tae an ootbreak o dysentery. Louis hissel dee'd afore the walls o the caipital an the airmy wis forced oot. At the same time, driven bi the reconquest o Spain, the first Andalusian Muslims an Jews arrived in Tunis an wad acome o fundamental importance tae the economic prosperity o the Hafsid caipital an the development o its intellectual life.
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire teuk nominal control o Tunis in 1534 when Barbarossa Hayreddin captured it frae the Hafsid Sultan Mulai Hassan, who fled tae the court o Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor an Keeng o Spain. Charles, sufferin losses frae the corsairs operatin oot o Djerba, Tunis, an Algiers, agreed tae reinstate Mulai Hassan in exchynge for his acceptance o Spainyie suzerainty. A naval expedeetion led bi Charles hissel wis dispatched in 1535, an the ceety wis quickly recaptured. The veectory against the corsairs is recordit in a tapestry at the Ryal Palace o Madrid. The resultin protectorate lastit till the Ottomans reteuk Tunis in 1574. Efter 1591, the Ottoman govrenors (Beys) wur relatively independent, an baith piracy an trade continued tae flourish.
In the 16t century Tunis wis ane o the principal theatres o confrontation atween the Spainyie monarchy an the Ottoman Empire. Ottoman troops, unner the leadership o Hayreddin Barbarossa, appeared afore the Bab El Jazira on 18 August 1534 an pillaged the ceety. Charles V, cawed tae the rescue bi European leaders menaced bi the Ottoman advance in the Mediterranean, reteuk the ceety on 6 August 1535, an restored Hafsid sovereignty.
Confrontin the difficulties previously encoontered, the Ottoman Uluç Ali Reis, at the heid o an airmy o janissaries an Kabyles, reteuk Tunis in 1569. Housomeivver, follaein the Battle o Lepanto in 1571, the Spainyie succeedit in retakin the ceety an re-establishin the Hafsid sovereign. Follaein thir conflicts, the ceety finally fell intae Ottoman haunds in August 1574. Haein acome an Ottoman province govrened bi a Pasha who wis appointit bi the Sultan based in Constantinople, the kintra wis no slow tae attain a certaint autonomy (1591). Unner the rule o deys an Moorish beys, the caipital sprang intae new life. Its population grew bi additions frae various ethnicities, amang which wur Moorish refugees frae Spain, an economic activities diversified. Tae traditional industry an trade wi distant lands wis addit the activity o the Barbary pirates, then in thair gowden age. Profits obtained frae the trade in Christian slaves alloued the rulers tae big sumptuous structures that revived the airchitectural heritage o the Middle Ages. At the beginnin o the 18t century, Tunisie entered intae a new period in its history wi the advent o the Husainid dynasty. Successive Husainid rulers made great progress in developin the ceety an its biggins. Durin this period, the ceety prospered as a centre o commerce. Takin avantage o diveesions athin the rulin hoose, Algerians captured Tunis in 1756 an put the kintra unner superveesion. At the beginnin o the 19t century, Hammouda Bey faced bombardment bi the Venetian fleet, an the ceety experienced a rebellion in 1811. Unner the reign o Hussein Bey II, naval defeats bi the Inglis (1826) an French (1827) saw the French acome increasingly active in the ceety an in the economy.
Development unner the Protectorate
The French occupied the ceety frae 1881 tae 1956, haein established a protectorate seestem o admeenistration that recognised the nominal authority o local govrenment. In those years thare wur huge European colonies (lik the Tunisian Italians) in Tunis. Europeans formed hauf the population. The ceety expandit an creatit new boulevards an neighborhuids.
The creation o the French protectorate in 1881 wis a turnin pynt in Tunis's history, causin rapid redevelopment o the ceety in the span o twa tae three decades. The ceety rapidly spread oot o its fortifications: it dividit intae a traditional Arab-populatit auld ceety, an a new ceety populatit bi immigrants, wi a different structur frae that o the traditional medina. Tunis an aa benefittit frae French construction o a water supply, naitural gas an electricity netwirks, public transport services an ither public infrastructure.
Tunis wis quiet durin the First Warld War. Efter the war, the ceety faced new transformations as the modren portion grew in importance an extendit its netwirk o boulevards an streets in aw directions. In addition, a series o satellite ceeties emerged on the urban rim an encroached on the municipality o Tunis proper. In the economic sphere, commercial activities expandit an diversified as modren industries continued tae grow, while traditional industry continued tae decline.
Durin Warld War II, Tunis wis held bi Axis forces frae November 1942 tae Mey 1943. It wis thair last base in Africae, as thay escaped tae Italy efter bein surroondit bi Allied forces frae Algerie in the wast an frae Libie in the east. On 7 Mey 1943, at 15:30 in the efternuin, Tunis fell tae the Allies, who haed defeatit maist o the German Fift Panzer Airmy left guardin the ceety. At twal-oors on 20 Mey 1943, the Allies held a veectory parade on Avenue Maréchal Galliéni an Avenue Jules Ferry tae signal the end o fechtin in North Africae. Haein succeedit in drivin the Axis pouers oot o Tunisie, the Allies uised Tunis as a base o operations tae stage assaults against the island o Pantellerie, then Sicily, an finally Italy.
Growth syne unthirldom
Efter unthirldom in 1956, Tunis haes consolidatit its role as the caipital, first wi the establishment o a constitution statin that the Chamber o Deputies an the Presidency o the Republic must hae thair heidquarters in Tunis an its suburbs. In a vera short time, a rapid transformin o the colonial ceety proceedit. As the ceety haes grown an native Tunisians gradually began tae replace the extensive European population, conflict atween the Arab ceety an the European ceety haes gradually decreased wi the arabization o the population.
Acause o population pressure an the rate o migration tae the caipital, the ceety continued tae grow, even wi the creation o new destricts in the suburbs. Auld biggins hae gradually been renovatit an upgradit an new biggis hae come tae influence the urban landscape. At the same time, an active policy o industrialization is developin the municipal economy.
Helsinki
Helsinki (Swadish:) is the caipital an lairgest ceety in Finland. It is in the soothren pairt o Finland, in the region o Uusimaa/Nyland, on the shore o the Guwf o Finland, bi the Baltic Sea. The population o the ceety o Helsinki is 0, an urban population o 1,176,976 (31 December 2012) an a metropolitan population o 1,361,506, makin it the maist populous municipality an urban aurie in Finland. Helsinki is locatit some 400 km (250 mi) east o Stockholm, Swaden, 300 km (190 mi) wast o Saunt Petersburg, Roushie an 80 km (50 mi) north o Tallinn, Estonie. Helsinki haes close connections wi thir three ceeties.
The municipality o Helsinki forms the hert o the Helsinki metropolitan aurie an Greater Helsinki aurie. Ower ane million fowk live in the Helsinki metropolitan aurie, which includes the ceety o Helsinki an three ither ceeties. Twa o thir ceeties, Espoo an Vantaa, immediately mairch Helsinki tae the wast an north. Kauniainen, the third ceety, is a enclave athin the ceety o Espoo. The Helsinki metropolitan aurie is the northmaist urban aurie on Yird wi a population o ower 1 million fowk, an the ceety is the northmaist caipital o a EU member state. Aathegither 1.3 million fowk live in the Greater Helsinki aurie, which includes the aforementioned ceeties an 9 suburban satellite touns. Approximately 1 in 4 Finns live in the Greater Helsinki aurie.
Helsinki is Finland's major poleetical, eddicational, feenancial, cultural an research centre. Helsinki is a important regional ceety on the Easter Seas an northren Europe an aw. Approximately 70% o foreign companies operatin in Finland hae settled in the Helsinki region.
The etymologie o the name Helsinki
Accordin tae oral tradeetion recordit in the 17t century, the early settlers in the modren Helsinki aurie came in the middle o the 13t century frae the province o Hälsingland in central Swaden. The Vantaa River wis accordingly kent locally as Helsingå (‘Helsinge River’), an the pairish foondit in the 14t century wis cried the Helsinge Parish.
When the plans tae foond a toun in the vicinity o the modren destrict o Koskela or Forsby (‘veelage o the rapids’) stairtit tae materialise in 1548, the new toun-tae-be began tae be cried Helsinge fors, ‘the Helsinge rapids’. This name then evolvit intae Helsingfors, which is the day the name o the ceety in Swadish. The ordinar fowk cried the place Helsinge or Helsing, which evolvit intae the current Finnish name Helsinki.
The name Helsinki haes been uised in Finnish offeecial documents an in Finnish leid newspapers syne 1819, whan the Senate o Finland muivit tae the toun an the decrees issued thare wur datit wi Helsinki as the place o issue. This is hou the furm Helsinki came tae be uised in the Finnish leeterar leid.
Early history
Helsinki wis established as a tradin toun bi Keeng Gustav I o Swaden in 1550 as the toun o Helsingfors, which he intendit tae be a rival tae the Hanseatic ceety o Reval (the day: Tallinn). Little came o the plans as Helsinki remained a tiny toun plagued bi poverty, wars, an diseases. The plague o 1710 killed the greater pairt o the indwallers o Helsinki. The construction o the naval fortress Sveaborg (In Finnish Viapori, the day an aa Suomenlinna) in the 18t century helped impruive Helsinki's status, but it wis no till Roushie defeatit Swaden in the Finnish War an annexed Finland as the autonomous Grand Duchy o Finland in 1809 that the toun began tae develop intae a substantial ceety.
Czar Alexander I o Roushie muivit the Finnish caipital frae Turku tae Helsinki tae reduce Swadish influence in Finland. The Ryal Academy o Turku, back then the kintra's anerlie varsity, wis relocatit tae Helsinki in 1827 an eventually became the modren Varsity o Helsinki. The muive consolidatit the ceety's new role an helpit set it on the path o continuous growthe. This transformation is heichlie apparent in the dountoun core, which wis rebuilt in neoclessical style tae resemble Saunt Petersburg. As elsewhaur, technological advancements sic as railroads an industrialization wur key factors ahint the ceety's growthe.
Twintiet century
Despite the tumultuousness o Finnish history durin the first hauf o the 20t century, Helsinki continued its steady development. A laundmerk event wis the XV Olympiad (1952 Olympic Gemmes) held in Helsinki. Finland's rapid urbanization in the 1970s, occurrin late relative tae the rest o Europe, tripled the population in the metropolitan aurie, an the Helsinki Metro subwey seestem wis biggit. The relatively spairse population density o Helsinki an its peculiar structur hae aften been attributit tae the lateness o its growthe.
Name
The Swadish name Helsingfors ( or ) is the oreeginal offeecial name o the ceety o Helsinki (in the vera beginnin, spelled Hellssingeforss). The Finnish leid form o the name probably oreeginates frae Helsinga an seemilar names uised for the river that is currently kent as the Vantaa River as documentit awready in the 14t century. Helsinki (pronoonced wi the stress on the first syllab: ), is uised tae refer tae the ceety in aw leids except Swadish, Norse an Dens. Helsingfors comes frae the name o the surroondin parish, Helsinge (soorce for Finnish Helsinki) an the rapids (fors), which flowed throu the oreeginal veelage. The name Helsinge mey hae oreeginatit wi medieval Swadish settlers who came frae Hälsingland in Swaden. Ithers hae proposed that the name derives frae the Swadish wird hals (neck), referrin tae the nairaest pairt o the river, i.e. the rapids.
In Helsinki slang the ceety is kent as Stadi (frae the Swadish wird stad, meanin "ceety"). Elsewhaur in Finland, in colloquial Finnish its nickname is Hesa. Helsset is the Northern Sami name o Helsinki. Wi Stadi bein uised tae assert that the speaker is native tae the ceety. Helsset is the Northren Saami name o Helsinki.
Geografie
Helsinki is spread athort a nummer o bays an peninsulaes an ower a nummer o islands. The inner ceety aurie occupees a soothren peninsulae, which is rarely referred tae bi its actual name Vironniemi. Population densitie in certaint pairts o Helsinki's inner ceety aurie is vera heich, reachin 16494 PD/km2 in the destrict o Kallio, but as a whole Helsinki's population densitie o 3050 /km2 ranks it as quite spairsely populatit in comparison tae ither European caipital ceeties. Hintle o Helsinki ootside the inner ceety aurie consists o postwar suburbs separatit frae ilk ither bi patches o forest. A narrae, ten-kilometre-lang (6 mi) Helsinki Central Pairk that stretches frae the inner ceety tae the northren mairch o Helsinki is an important recreational aurie for residents.
Major islands in Helsinki include Seurasaari, Lauttasaari an Korkeasaari – the lattermaist bein the steid o the kintra's biggest zoo. Ither significant islands are the fortress island o Suomenlinna (Sveaborg) an the militar island o Santahamina. Pihlajasaari island is a favourite simmer spot for gay men an naturists, vera hintle comparable tae Fire Island aff New York Ceety.
Urban aurie
Helsinki urban aurie spreads tae 10 different municipalities an is considered tae be the anly metropolis in Finland. It haes population o 1 159 211, land aurie o 631,11 km2 an population density o 1 836,8 per square kilometre It is bi far the biggest an maist densely populatit aurie o Finland, 3,7 times bigger nor subsequent Tampere.
The Helsinki Metropolitan Aurie consists o the ceeties o Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa an Kauniainen. The Metropolitan Aurie covers 745 km2 an contains a tot population o approximately ane million. Wi aboot 19 per cent o the kintra’s population in juist 0.2 per cent o its surface aurie, the hoosin density o the aurie is heich bi Finnish standards. The Metropolitan Aurie an aa haes a heich concentration o employment: approximately 580,000 jobs. Despite the intensity o land uise, the region an aa haes lairge recreational auries an green spaces.
The Helsinki metropolitan aurie is the warld's northrenmaist urban aurie amang those wi a population o ower ane million fowk, an the ceety is the northrenmaist caipital o an EU member state. Althegither 1.3 million fowk, approximately ane in fower Finns, live in the Greater Helsinki aurie.
Climate
Helsinki haes a humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfb). Awin tae the mitigatin influence o the Easter Seas an Gulf Stream, temperaturs in winter are heicher than the northren location micht suggest, wi the average in Januar an Februar aroond -5 C. Temperaturs belaw −20 C occur normally a week or twa in a year. Housomeivver, acause o the latitude, days last 5 oors an 48 minutes aroond the winter solstice wi vera law Sun rays, an the cloudy wather at this time o year accentuates the darkness. Conversely, Helsinki enjoys lang days in simmer, durin the simmer solstice days last 18 oors an 57 minutes. The average maximum temperatur frae Juin tae August is aroond 19 to 23 C. Due tae the marine effect, especially in simmer daily temperaturs are ceuler an nicht temperaturs are heicher than further awa in the mainland. The heichest temperatur iver recordit in the ceety centre wis 33.1 C on 18 Julie 1945 an the lawest wis -34.3 C on 10 Januar 1987. Helsinki Airport recordit a temperatur o 34.0 C on 29 Julie 2010 an a law o -35.9 C on 9 Januar 1987.
Ceetyscape
Carl Ludvig Engel (1778–1840) wis appointit tae design a new ceety centre aw on his awn. He designed several neoclassical biggins in Helsinki. The focal pynt o Engel's ceety plan is the Senate Square. It is surroondit bi the Govrenment Palace (tae the east), the main biggin o Helsinki University (tae the wast), an (tae the north) the enormous Cathedral, which wis feenished in 1852, twal years efter C. L. Engel's daith. Subsequently, Engel's neoclassical plan stimulatit the epithet, The White Ceety O The North. Helsinki is, hooiver, aiblins even mair famous for its numerous Art Nouveau (Jugend in Finnish) influencit biggins o the romantic naitionalism, designed in the early 1900s an strangly influencit bi the Kalevala, which is a vera popular theme in the naitional romantic airt o that era. Helsinki's Art Nouveau style is featurt in lairge residential auries sic as Katajanokka an Ullanlinna an aw. The maister o the Finnish Art Nouveau wis Eliel Saarinen (1873–1950), whose airchitectural maisterpiece wis the Helsinki central railwey station.
Helsinki featurs several biggings bi the warld-renouned Finnish airchitect Alvar Aalto (1898–1976) an aw, recognisit as ane o the pioneers o airchitectural functionalism. Housomeivver, some o his woirks, sic as the heidquairters o the paper company Stora Enso an the concert venue, Finlandia Hall, hae been subject tae dividit opinions frae the ceetizens.
Renouned functionalist biggins in Helsinki bi ither airchitects include the Olympic Stadium, the Tennis Palace, the Rowing Stadium, the Swimming Stadium, the Velodrome, the Glass Palace, the Exhibition Hall (nou Töölö Sports Hall) an Helsinki-Malmi Airport. The sports venues wur biggit tae serve the 1940 Helsinki Olympic Gemmes; the gemmes wur initially cancelled due tae the Seicont Warld War, but the venues eventually got tae fulfill thair purpose in the 1952 Olympic Gemmes. Mony o thaim are leetit bi DoCoMoMo as significant ensaumples o modren airchitectur.
San Pedro y San Pablo Teposcolula
San Pedro y San Pablo Teposcolula is a toun an municipality in Oaxaca in sooth-wastren Mexico. The municipality covers a aurie o km². It is pairt o the Teposcolula Destrict in the centre o the Mixteca Region.
As o 2005, the municipality haed a total population o.
Helsinki
Govrenment
The ceety cooncil o Helsinki consists o aichty-five members. Follaein the maist recent municipal election in 2012, the three lairgest pairties are Naitional Coalition (23), Greens (19), an Social Democrats (15). The mayor, Jussi Pajunen, is a member o the Naitional Coalition Pairty.
Lik in aw Finnish municipalities, the Ceety Cooncil o Helsinki is the main deceesion-makin organ in local politics, dealin wi issues sic as ceety plannin, schuils, heal care, an public transport. The 85-member cooncil is elected every fowert year bi municipal elections.
Tata Steel Europe
Tata Steel Europe Ltd.  (umwhile Corus Group plc) is a steelmaking company heidquartert in Lunnon, Unitit Kinrick, wi its main operations in the Unitit Kinrick an the Netherlands.
Helsinki
Govrenment
Tradeetionally, the conservative Naitional Coalition Pairty (kokoomus) haes been the biggest pairty in Helsinki's local politics, wi the Social Democrats bein the seicont biggest. In the 2000 election the Green League, for which Helsinki is the strangest aurie o support naitionally, gained the poseetion o the seicont maist popular pairty. In 2004 houiver, the Social Democrats regained that poseetion. In 2008 election, the Green League again acame the seicont biggest pairty, an thay remained sae in the 2012 election.
Tata Steel Europe
The Company wis formed frae the merger o Koninklijke Hoogovens N.V. wi British Steel plc on 6 October 1999. It wis once a constituent o the FTSE 100 Index, but wis taken over bi Tata in 2007.
Helsinki
Govrenment
The Left Alliance is the fowert lairgest pairty, while the True Finns hae increased thair support steadily tae acome the fift lairgest pairty. The Swedish Fowk's Pairty's support haes been steadily declinin ower the years, maist likely acause o the diminishin proportion o Swadish speakers in Helsinki. The Centre Pairty o Finland, despite bein ane o the major pairties in naitionwide politics, anly haes little support in Helsinki lik it daes in maist ither big ceeties.
Demografics
Helsinki haes a heicher proportion o weemen (53.4%) than elsewhaur in Finland (51.1%). Helsinki's current population densitie o 2,739.36 fowk per square kilometre is bi far the heichest in Finland. Life expectancy for baith genders is slichtly belaw the naitional averages: 75.1 year for men as compared tae 75.7 year, 81.7 year for weemen as compared tae 82.5 year.
Helsinki haes experienced strang growthe syne the 1810s, whan it replacit Turku as the caipital o the Grand Duchy o Finland, which later became the sovereign Republic o Finland. The ceety continued tae shaw strang growt frae that time onwards, wi the exception durin the Finnish Ceevil War period. Frae the end o Warld War II up till the 1970s thare wis a massive exodus o fowk frae the kintraside tae the ceeties o Finland, in pairticular Helsinki. Atween 1944 an 1969 the population o the ceety nearly doubled frae 275,000. tae 525,600.
In the 1960s, the population growthe o Helsinki proper began tae ebb mainly due tae lack o hoosin. Mony residents began tae muive tae neebourin Espoo an Vantaa, whare population growt haes syne soared. Espoo's population increased ninefauld in saxty years, frae 22,874 fowk in 1950 tae 244,353 in 2009. Neebourin Vantaa haes seen even mair dramatic chynge in the same time span: frae 14,976 in 1950 tae 197,663 in 2009, a thirteenfauld increase. Thir dramatic increases pushed the municipalities o greater Helsinki intae mair intense cooperation in sic auries as public transportation an waste management. The increasin scarcity o hoosin an the heicher costs o livin in the Helsinki metropolitan aurie hae pushed mony daily commuters tae fynd hoosin in umwhile vera rural auries, an even further, tae sic ceeties as Lohja (50 kilometres or 30 mile northwast frae the ceety centre), Hämeenlinna an Lahti (baith 100 kilometres or 60 mile frae Helsinki, an Porvoo (50 kilometres tae the east).
Leid
Finnish an Swadish are the offeecial leids o the municipality o Helsinki. The majority, or 82.5% o the population, speak Finnish as thair native leid. A minority, at 6.0%, speak Swadish. Aroond 11.5% o the population speak a native leid ither nor Finnish or Swadish. Helsinki slang combines influences frae the Finnish, Swadish an Roushie leids. Finnish the day is the common leid o communication atween Finnish speakers, Swadish speakers an speakers o ither leids (New Finns) in day-tae-day affairs in the public sphere atween unkent persons. In case a speaker's knawledge o Finnish is nae kent, Inglis is uisually spoken. Swadish is commonly spoken in ceety or naitional agencies specifically aimed at Finland-Swadish speakers, sic as the Social Services Depairtment on Hämeentie or the Luckan Cultural centre in Kamppi. Knawledge o Finnish is an aa essential in business an is uisually a basic requirement in the employment mercat.
Finnish speakers surpassed Swadish speakers in 1890 tae acome the majority o the ceety's population. At the time, Helsinki's population wis 61,530.
Immigration
Helsinki is the global gateway o Finland. The ceety haes Finland's lairgest immigrant population in baith absolute an relative terms. Thare are ower 130 naitionalities representit in Helsinki. The lairgest groups are frae Roushie, Estonie, Swaden, Somalie, Serbie, Cheenae, Iraq, Germany an Turkey.
Foreign ceetizens mak up 8.0% o the population, while foreign born mak up 11.1%. In 2012, 68,375 residents spoke a native leid ither nor Finnish, Swadish or ane o the three Sami leids spoken in Finland. The lairgest groups o residents wi a non-Finnish background come frae Roushie (14,532), Estonie (9,065) an Somalie (6,845). Hauf o the immigrant population in Finland lives in greater Helsinki, an ane third in the ceety o Helsinki.
Economy
The Helsinki metropolitan aurie generates approximately ane third o Finland's GDP. GDP per caipita is roughly 1.3 times the naitional average.
The metropolitan aurie's gross value addit per caipita is 200% o the mean o 27 European metropolitan auries, equallin those o Stockholm or Paris. The gross value addit annual growthe haes been aroond 4%.
Joe Cocker
Joe Cocker, OBE (20 Mey 1944 – 22 December 2014) wis an English rock/blues sangster who came tae popularity in the 1960s, an wis kent for his gritty voice an his cover versions o popular sangs, parteecularly those o The Beatles.
On 22 December 2014, Cocker deit o lung cancer at his home in Crawford, Colorado at the age o 70.
Sultepec
Sultepec is a toun an municipality in the State o Mexico in Mexico. The municipality covers an aurie o 552.52 km².
Helsinki
Eddication
Helsinki haes 190 comprehensive schuils, 41 upper seicontar schuils an 15 vocational institutes. Hauf o the 41 upper seicondar schuils are private or state-awned, the ither hauf municipal. heicher level eddication is gien in aicht varsities (see the section "Varsities" belaw) an fower polytechnics.
Sultepec
As o 2005, the municipality haed a total population o 24,986.
Helsinki
Varsity o Applied Sciences
Helsinki is ane o the co-location centres o the Knawledge an Innovation Commonty (Futur information an communication society) o The European Institute o Innovation an Technology (EIT).
The eddicational depairtment taks pairt in Lifelong Learning Programme 2007–2013 in Finland.
Museums
The biggest historical museum in Helsinki is the Naitional Museum o Finland, which displays a vast historical collection frae prehistoric times tae the 21st century. The museum biggin itself, a naitional romantic style neomedieval castle, is a tourist attraction. Ither major historical museum is the Helsinki Ceety Museum, which introduces veesitors tae Helsinki's 500-year history. The Varsity o Helsinki an aa haes mony signeeficant museums, includin the Varsity Museum an the Naitural History Museum.
The Finnish Naitional Gallery consists o three museums: Ateneum Airt Museum for classical Finnish art, Sinebrychoff Airt Museum for classical European airt, an Kiasma Airt Museum for modren airt. The auld Ateneum, a neo-Renaissance palace frae 19t century, is ane o the ceety's major historical biggins. Aw three museum biggins are state-ained throu Senate Properties.
The Design Museum is devotit tae the exhibeetion o baith Finnish an foreign design, includin industrial design, fashion, an graphic design.
Theatres
Helsinki haes three major theatres: The Finnish Naitional Theatre, the Helsinki Ceety Theatre, an the Finland Swadish Svenska Teatern. The ceety's main muisical venues are the Finnish Naitional Opera, the Finlandia concert haw an the Helsinki Muisic Centre. The Muisic Centre an aa hooses a pairt o the Sibelius Academy. Bigger concerts an events are uisually held at ane o the ceety's twa big ice hockey arenas: the Hartwall Areena or the Helsinki Ice Hall. Helsinki haes Finland's lairgest fairgrounds.
Muisic
Helsinki is home tae twa full-size symphony orchestras, the Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra an the Finnish Radio Symphony Orchestra, baith o which perform at the Helsinki Muisic Centre concert haw. Acclaimed contemporary componers Kaija Saariaho, Magnus Lindberg, Esa-Pekka Salonen an Einojuhani Rautavaara, amang ithers, wur born an raised in Helsinki, an studied at the Sibelius Academy. The Finnish Naitional Opera, the anly full-time, professional opera company in Finland, is locatit in Helsinki.
Mony widely renowned an acclaimed baunds hae originated in Helsinki, includin Hanoi Rocks, HIM, Stratovarius, The 69 Eyes, Norther, Wintersun, Finntroll, Moonsorrow, Ensiferum, The Rasmus an Apocalyptica.
Airt
Helsinki Arena hostit the Eurovision Song Contest 2007, the first iver Eurovision Song Contest arranged in Finland, follaein Lordi's win in 2006.
At the Senate Square in September / October 2010, the lairgest open-air airt exhibition iver in Finland teuk place: Aboot 1.4 million fowk saw the internaitional exhibition o United Buddy Bears.
Media
Each year, aroond 12,000 beuk titles are published an 12 million records are sauld.
Sanoma publishes the newspaper Helsingin Sanomat (its circulation o 412,000 makin it the lairgest), the tabloid Ilta-Sanomat, the commerce-orientit Taloussanomat an the telly channel Nelonen. The ither major publisher Alma Media publishes ower thirty magazines, includin the newspaper Aamulehti, tabloid Iltalehti an commerce-orientit Kauppalehti. Warldwide, Finns, alang wi ither Nordic fowks an the Japanese, spend the maist time readin newspapers.
YLE, Finland's public broadcastin station, operates five telly channels an thirteen radio channels in baith naitional leids. YLE is fundit throu a mandatory telly license an fees for private broadcasters. Aw TV channels are broadcast deegitally, baith terrestrially an on cable. The commercial telly channel MTV3 an commercial radio channel Radio Nova are ained bi Nordic Broadcasting (Bonnier an Proventus Industrier).
Aroond 79% o the population uise the Internet. Finland haed aroond 1.52 million broadband Internet connections bi the end o Juin 2007 or aroond 287 per 1,000 indwallers. Aw Finnish schuils an public libraries hae Internet connections an computers an maist residents hae a mobile phone. Value-addit services are rare. In October 2009, Finland's Meenistry o Transport an Communications committit tae ensurin that every person in Finland wad be able tae access the Internet at a minimum speed o ane megabit-per-seicont beginnin Julie 2010.
Sports
Helsinki haes a lang tradeetion o sports: the ceety gained muckle o its initial internaitional recognition durin the 1952 Simmer Olympics, an the ceety haes syne then been vera open tae arrangin sportin events, for ensaumple the first Warld Championships in Athletics 1983 an 2005, an European Championships in Athletics 1971, 1994 an 2012 etc. Helsinki hosts fairly successfu local teams in baith o the maist popular team sports in Finland, fitbaa, ice hockey an synchronized skatin. Helsinki hooses Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi (HJK), Finland's lairgest an maist successfu fitbaa club. Helsinki's track an field club Helsingin Kisa-Veikot is an' a' pretty dominant in Finland. Ice Hockey is a sport o passion for mony Helsinki residents, who uisually tak a stance for aither o the local clubs IFK Helsingfors (HIFK) or Jokerit. HIFK, wi 14 Finnish championships titles, an aa plays in the heichest bandy diveesion, alang wi Botnia -69. The Olympic stadium hostit the 1st iver Bandy Warld Championships in 1957.
Roads
Helsinki haes several ring roads: Ring I, Ring II, an Ring III. Frae central ceety tae east an wast, thare are Itäväylä an Länsiväylä. Frae the central ceety tae north, thare are several routes. Thare is a proposal tae big a Stockholm-lik tunnel unner central Helsinki tae hide caurs frae streets. Central Helsinki haes popular unnergrund pairkin facilities.
Helsinki haes some 390 caurs per 1000 indwallers. This is less nor in ceeties o seemilar density, for instance, Brussels' 483 per 1000 an Stockholm's 401, an Oslo's 413.
Rail transport an buses
Public transportation is generally a hotly debatit subject in the local politics o Helsinki. In Helsinki metropolitan aurie, public transportation is managit unner Helsinki Region Transport, the metropolitan aurie transportation authority. The diverse public transport seestem consists o trams, commuter rail, the subwey, bus lines an twa ferry lines.
The day, Helsinki is the anerlie ceety in Finland tae hae trams or subwey trains. Thare uised tae be twa ither ceeties in Finland wi trams: Turku an Viipuri (Vyborg, nou in Roushie), but baith hae syne abandoned trams. The Helsinki Metro, opened in the year 1982, is the anerlie subway seestem in Finland. In 2006, the construction o the lang debatit extension o the subwey seestem wast intae Espoo wis appruivit, an serious debate aboot an eastren extension intae Sipoo haes taken place.
The possibility o a Helsinki tae Tallinn Tunnel is currently bein researched. The rail tunnel wad connect Helsinki tae the Estonie caipital Tallinn, further linkin Helsinki tae the rest o continental Europe bi Rail Baltica.
Aviation
Air traffeck is handled primarily frae the internaitional Helsinki Airport, locatit approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) north o Helsinki's dountoun aurie, in the neighbourin ceety o Vantaa. Helsinki's seicont airport, Malmi Airport, is mainly uised for general an private aviation. Copterline haes providit fast (18 min.) helicopter flichts tae Tallinn, but discontinued the regular service in December 2008 on grunds o unprofitability.
Sea transport
Ferry connections tae Tallinn an Stockholm are serviced bi various companies. Finnlines passenger-freight ferries tae Gdynia, Poland an Travemünde, Germany are an' a' available, while Tallink began service tae Rostock, Germany in 2007. St. Peter Line affers passenger ferry service tae Saunt Petersburg several times a week.
Special pairtnership ceeties
Helsinki haes a special pairtnership relation wi:
Crimea
The Crimean Peninsula (Крымский полуостров, Кримський півострів, Къырым ярымадасы), kent simply as Crimea  an aw on the northern coast o the Black Sea is locatit sooth o the Ukrainian region o Kherson an wast o the Roushie region o Kuban. The peninsula is amaist completely surroondit bi twa seas: the Black Sea an the smawer Sea o Azov tae the east. It is connectit tae Kherson bi the Isthmus of Perekop an is separatit frae Kuban bi the Strait o Kerch. The Arabat Spit is locatit tae the northeast; a narrae strip o laund that separates a seestem o lagoons namit Sivash frae the Sea o Azov.
San Francisco de los Romo
San Francisco de los Romo is a toun in the Mexican state o Aguascalientes. It serves as the municipal seat for the surroondin municipality o San Francisco de los Romo.
San Francisco de los Romo staunds at 22.08333°N, -102.26667°W in the central pairt o the state. The toun, which is the state's saxt-lairgest commonty, is locatit at the northwast corner o the municipality. It haed a 2005 census population o 13,262 indwallers.
Tap-level domain
A tap-level domain (TLD), whiles referred tae as a tap-level domain name (TLDN), is the last pairt o a domain name oan the Internet; that is, the letters that follaes the final dot o ony domain name. For ensample, in the domain name www.ensample.com, the tap-level domain is com (or COM , as domain names isna case-sensitive).
Leet o present kintra tap-level domains
Ablo ar kintra-code tap-level domains, wi the company wha manages it. They feckly uise the twa letter kintra code set oot in ISO 3166-1.
Leet o present general tap-level domains
Ablo is a leet of general tap-level domains, wi the company wha manages it.
Padovo pri Osilnici
Padovo pri Osilnici (in ilder sources Padova an aw, Padua ) is a smaw dounset in the hills abuin the left bank o the Kolpa River in the Municipality o Osilnica in soothren Slovenie. The aurie is pairt o the tradeetional region o Lawer Carniola an is nou includit in the Sootheast Slovenie Statistical Region.
Name
The name o the dounset wis chyngit frae Padovo tae Padovo pri Osilnici in 1953. In the 19t hunderyear the German name wis Padua.
Soledad Etla
Soledad Etla is a toun an municipality in Oaxaca in sooth-wastren Mexico. The municipality covers a aurie o km². It is pairt o the Etla District in the Valles Centrales region. As o 2005, the municipality haed a total population o.
Racibórz
Racibórz (Ratibor, ) is a toun in soothren Poland wi 60,218 indwallers (2006) situatit in the Silesian Voivodeship (syne 1999), previously in Katowice Voivodeship (1975–1998). It is the caipital o Racibórz Coonty.
The name Racibórz is of Slavic origin an comes frae the name o Duke Racibor, the ceety's foonder.
Twin touns — Sister ceeties
Racibórz is twinned wi:
Billie Whitelaw
Billie Honor Whitelaw, CBE (6 Juin 1932 – 21 December 2014) wis an Inglis actress.
Whitelaw wis born in Coventry an wis raisit in Bradford. She wis kent for workin wi Samuel Beckett. Whitelaw wis kent for her roles in The Omen an in Hot Fuzz.
Whitelaw deit in Hampstead, Lunnon, Ingland, agit 82.
San Pedro Yucunama
San Pedro Yucunama is a toun an municipality in Oaxaca in sooth-wastren Mexico. The municipality covers a aurie o km². It is pairt o the Teposcolula Destrict in the centre o the Mixteca Region
As o 2005, the municipality haed a total population o.
Huntly
Huntly (Scots Gaelic: Hunndaidh, Auld Gaelic: Srath Bhalgaidh, Auld Scots: Strabogie, Strathbolgi or Strabolgi ) is a toun in Aiberdeenshire in Scotland, aince  Miltoun o Strathbogie. It haes a population o aboot 4000 an is the steid o Huntly Castle.
Huntly wis the cauf kintra o the writer George MacDonald. The local fitbaa team is Huntly F.C.
Baith Huntly, an the surroundin Gordon District is named for a toun an familie, that oreeginatit inouth it's Mairch.
Soyaniquilpan
Soyaniquilpan is a toun an municipality in the State o Mexico in Mexico. The municipality covers an aurie o 140.77 km².
As o 2005, the municipality haed a total population o 10,719.
Guanajay
Guanajay is a toun an municipality in Artemisa Province in wastren Cuba, locatit aboot 36 mi soothwast o Havana. The toun lees amang hills an haes an excellent climate; in colonial times it wis an acclimatization station for newly-arrivit truips frae Spain. It later became weel kent as a heal resort. It wis foondit in 1650. It wis pairt o the province o Pinar del Río till efter the Cuban Revolution.
Demografics
In 2004, the municipality o Guanajay haed a population o 28,429. Wi a tot aurie o 113 km2, it haes a population densitie o 251.6 /km2.
Charles H. Townes
Charles Hard Townes (Julie 28, 1915 – Januar 27, 2015) wis an American Nobel Prize-winnin pheesicist an educator.
17 Mey
The 17t o Mey is the 137t day o the year (138t in lowp years) in the Gregorian Calendar, wi 228 days ti come.
San Sebastián Nicananduta
San Sebastián Nicananduta is a toun an municipality in Oaxaca in sooth-wastren Mexico. The municipality covers a aurie o km². It is pairt o the Teposcolula Destrict in the centre o the Mixteca Region
As o 2005, the municipality haed a total population o.
Biological seestem
A biological seestem is a complex network o biologically relevant entities.
Tyre, Lebanon
Tyre is an auncient Phoenicie ceety an the legendary birthplace o Europa an Elissa (Dido). The day it is the fowert lairgest ceety in Lebanon an hooses ane o the naition's major ports. Tourism is a major industry. The ceety haes a number o auncient sites, includin its Roman Hippodrome which wis addit tae UNESCO's leet o Warld Heritage Sites in 1979.
Twin touns – Sister ceeties
Tyre is twinned wi:
Maltese
Maltese mey refer tae:
Harmah
Harmah (حَرْمَة) is a ceety in Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabie. It is locatit 211 km bi road northwast o Riyadh, next tae the ceety oi Al Majma'ah. At the 2011 census it haed a population o 9011 fowk.
Climate
Being in the middle of the Arabian desert, Harmah experiences extremely hot summers and relatively cool winters. Humidity is low though throughout the year. The minimum temperature in the summer ranges atween 35-42 degrees Celsius.
Freemit airtins
Harmah Offeecial Wabsteid Harmah Offeecial Forum Twitter Offeecial Accoont
Guidoval
Guidoval is a Brazilian municipality locatit in the state o Minas Gerais. The ceety belangs tae the mesoregion o Zona da Mata an tae the microregion o Ubá.
San Francisco
San Francisco, offeecially the Ceety an Coonty o San Francisco, is the fowert maist populous ceety in Californie an the 12t maist populous ceety in the Unitit States, wi a 2009 estimatit population o 815,358. The anerlie consolidated ceety-coonty in Californie, it encompasses a land aurie o 46.7 square miles (121 km2) on the northren end o the San Francisco Peninsula, givin it a density o 17,323 fowk/mi² (6,688.4 fowk/km²). It is the maist densely settled lairge ceety (population greater than 200,000) in the state o Californie an the seicont-maist densely populatit lairge ceety in the Unitit States. San Francisco is the financial, cultural, an transportation centre o the San Francisco Bay Area, a region o mair nor 7.4 million fowk which includes San Jose an Oakland.
In 1776, the Spaingie establisht a fort at the Golden Gate an a mission namit for Francis o Assisi on the steid. The Californie Gowd Rush in 1848 propelled the ceety intae a period o rapid growthe, increasin the population very much, an sicweys transformin it intae the lairgest ceety on the Wast Coast at the time. Efter three-quarters o the ceety wis destroyed bi the 1906 earthquake an fire, San Francisco wis quickly rebuilt, hostin the Panama-Paceefic Internaitional Exposition nine years later. Durin Warld War II, San Francisco wis the port o embarkation for service members shippin oot tae the Paceefic Theater. Efter the war, the confluence o returnin servicemen, massive immigration, leeberalizin attitudes, an ither factors led tae the Simmer o Love an the gay richts movement, cementin San Francisco as a centre o leeberal activism in the Unitit States.
The day, San Francisco is a popular internaitional tourist destination, renouned for its chilly simmer fog, steep rollin hills, eclectic mix o Victorian an modren architecture an its famous laundmerks, includin the Golden Gate Bridge, cable caurs, an Chinatown. The ceety is an aa a principal bankin an finance center, an the hame tae mair nor 30 internaitional financial institutions, helpin tae mak San Francisco aichteent place in the warld's top producin ceeties, nint in the Unitit States, an fifteent place in the tap twintie Global Financial Centers.
Patricia Morison
Patricia Morison (born Eileen Patricia Augusta Fraser Morison; Mairch 19, 1915; deed Mey 20, 2018) wis an American actress an sangster. She wis kent for her role as the lead in the original production of Cole Porter's Kiss Me, Kate.
Villa Hidalgo, Durango
Villa Hidalgo is a toun in the Mexican state o Durango. It serves as the heid toun o the municipality o Hidalgo.
Italian
Italian mey refer tae:
Triumph TR2
The caur uised a twin SU carburetor version o the 1991 cc fower cylinder Standard Vanguard ingine tuned tae increase its ootput tae 90 bhp (67 kW).
The body wis mountit on a substantial separate chassis wi coil-sprung independent suspension at the front an a leaf spring live axle at the rear. Either wire or disc wheels coud be supplied. The standard transmission wis a fower speed manual unit but overdrive wis available on top gear as an option. Lockheed drum brakes wur fittit all roond.
Performance data
A caur wi overdrive testit bi The Motor magazine in 1954 haed a top speed o 107.3 mph (172.7 km/h) an coud accelerate frae 0-60 mph (97 km/h) in 12.0 seconds. A fuel consumption o 34.5 mile per imperial gallon (8.19 L/100 km; 28.7 mpg-US) wis recordit. The test caur cost £900 including taxes. The overdrive option haed added £56 tae the total.
Colombo
Colombo (කොළඹ, pronooncit ; கொழும்பு) is the lairgest ceety an umwhile caipital o Sri Lanka. It is locatit on the wast coast o the island an adjacent tae Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte, the caipital. Colombo is a busy an vibrant ceety wi a mixture o modren life an colonial biggins an ruins, wi a ceety population o 752,993. The Colombo Metropolitan Region, defined bi the destricts o Colombo, Gampaha an Kalutara, haes an estimatit population o 5,648,000, an covers an aurie o 3,694.20 km².
Triumph TR2
Performance data
They also commentit that it wis the lawest price Breetish caur tae be able tae exceed 100 mph (160 km/h).
Colombo
Like mony ceeties, Colombo's urban aurie extends well ayont the bundaries o a single local authority, encompassin ither Municipal an Urban Cooncils. The main ceety is hame tae a majority o Sri Lanka's corporate offices, restaurants an entertainment venues. Famous landmarks in Colombo include the Galle Face Green, the Viharamahadevi Pairk as well as the Naitional Museum.
Etymology
The name "Colombo", first introducit bi the Portuguese in 1505, is believed tae be derived frae the clessical Sinhalese name කොලොන් තොට Kolon thota, meanin "port on the river Kelani". It haes an aw been suggestit that the name mey be derived frae the Sinhalese name කොල-අම්බ-තොට Kola-amba-thota which means "Harbour wi leafy mango trees". Housomeivver, it is an aw possible that the Portuguese named the ceety efter Christopher Columbus, the Italian sailor who lived in Portugal for mony years afore discoverin the Americas on behauf o the Spainyie monarchs Ferdinand II o Aragon an Isabella I o Castile. His Portuguese name is Cristóvão Colombo. Colombo set sail wastwards tae leuk for Indie aroond the same time Portuguese sailor Vasco da Gama set sail eastwards, landin at the Port o Calicut in Indie on 20 Mey 1498. Colombo landit in the Americas sax years afore that on 12 October 1492 an wis awready a famed sailor an splorer, celebratit baith in Portugal an Spain bi the time Dom Lourenço de Almeida accidentally landit in the port o Galle in 1505.
Belovo, Bulgarie
Belovo (Bulgarie Белово) is a town in soothwast Bulgarie. It is the seat o Belovo Municipality. It is locatit in Pazardzhik Province, whaur the Yadenitza flows intae the Maritsa river, at the fuit o three muntain ranges (Rila, Rhodopes an Sredna Gora), on the wastren end o the Thracie Plain.