cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Kirkmaiden
Kirkmaiden is a pairish in the Rhins o Gallowa, the maist soothren in Scotland. It lies in the historical coonty o Wigtounshire, in Dumfries an Gallowa. The praisent Kirk o Scotland pairish has the same name an is awmaist the same aurie as the oreeginal pre-Reformation pairish.
Murrayfield Stadium
It is hame tae the Scots an Embro rugby union teams, an Heart of Midlothian plays European gemmes thare.
Kirkmaiden
It is name't efter the medieval Saunt Medan whase identity, name, sex, an oreegin is threapit. The name "Kirkmaiden" itsel is thocht tae be a corruption o a mair pure Gaelic Kilmaiden bi either the Scandinavians o the Angles wi a knawledge o Gaelic.
It is the aurie and name o a community cooncial an aw, that meets general in Drummore an occasionally in Port Logan.
Sattlements
The're twa main sattlements in Kirkmaiden: Drummore an Port Logan. The smaw clachan o Kirkmaiden itsel, that conteens the praisent kirk, is aboot ae mile wast o Drummore.
Ecclesiastical history
The pairish kirk wis oreeginal some five mile sooth o Drummore, at a site on the Kirkburn, no faur fae the Mull o Gallowa; the name o the nearest gote, Portankill, suggests, that oreeginal mony worshippers gaed til the Mess bi boat. The kirk wis dedicatit til the Virgin Mairy, an in a cove on the eastren shore o the pairish at some time bade a hermit. On 15 Julie 1393 Pape Clement VII authoreesed Finlay, Abbot o Soulseat, tae annex Kirkmaiden pairish kirk in "le Rynnis" sae as tae augment the income o the aibey. In 1638 the pairishoners, ceetin the disconvenience o the jurney til the kirk, siccart the biggin o a new kirk kent as Kirk Covenant o Core Hill, about ae mile wast o Drummore. The patron wis the Yerl o Stair.
Follaein the Disruption o 1843, a new kirk wis again biggit, for worshippers in the Free Kirk o Scotland, an this time in the veelage itsel, in the street noo kent as Stair Street. Early in the 20t century the twa congregtions wis reunitit. Noo worship is habitual at the kirk in Drummore, wi ae service ilk month in the simmer bein haudit at Kirk Covenant.
Airn Age an early Middle Ages
A substantious earthwark, meisurin aboot 1,312 fit lang, cuts aff an aurie o aboot 141 acre at the eastren end o the Mull o Gallowa. In maist places it comprises three ditches wi medial baunks, the inby baunk bein the lairger, meisurin atween 10 fit an 13 fit in thickness an wi an ootby hicht o up tae aboot 7 fit. It is believed the rampairts mak this the lairgest Airn Age stranghaud in Breetain. It is situatit about 361 yaird south-southeast o the earthwark at the Tarbet.
Aboot 361 yaird nor'nor'wast o the abuin earthwark, an situatit at the narrae isthmus atween the bays o East Tarbet an West Tarbet, an earthwark cuts across the neck o the Mull o Gallowa sooth o the pairks o the Mull ferm. The baunk is 7.5 fit wide an about 1.5 fit heich wi likely facin stanes exposed.
Late Middle Ages
The Gordons o Clanyard Castle wis pouerfu men in the aurie, an thair dochters mairit intae Kirkmaiden families. Alexander Gordon o Castle Clanyard received a bell yastit in 1534 for Kirkmaiden Kirk.
Killumpha Tour is anither tour hoose in the pairish.
Archaeology
In Archaelogical and Historical Collections relating to Ayrshire and Galloway (vol V, pp 62-63) bi Rev. George Wilson, it descrives thir forts:
Dunman Fort
Dunman Fort is an Early Airn Age fort on the wastren shore o the Rhins. The defences alang the inby creests o the naitural gills on the northeast an sootheast consistit o a waw oreeginal 8-12 fit thick. The inby meisurment is aboot 361 fit nor'wast bi 328 fit sooth-east, bit no structurs wis veesible in the ben. The're ingangs on the north tae nor'east and sooth, wi a possible third on the north whaur a naitural terrace provides aiccess til the ben immediate ayont the end o the waw.
Wawin is veesible on the north, east, an sooth sides, an some on the east, consistin o an inby waw face and heather-kivert grummel aboot 10 fit wide. The waw that follaes the creest o a scaur ower 23 fit heich aroond the north, east, an sooth sides o the summit. The waw eelies on the north an sooth tae soothwast, an the're no veesible defences on the wast whaur the grund faws awa steep til the sea ablo.
The're fower approaches til the fort, bit anely ane, in the nor'east is faced as an ingang. A shallae howe descends the scaur a the north tae nor'east ingang, that is mart bi three lairge boolders. At the sooth ingang a naitural terrace draps skave doun the scaur intil a howe 8 fit wide wi a baunk up til aboot 10 fit thick an 2 fit heich on its ootby lip.
Crammag Heid
Crammag Heid is on the wastren shore o the Rhins. It wis a circular dun or broch wi ootwarks aboot 64 fit in diameter ower all, bit its waw haes been reduced tae a bit mair nor the steid coorse o the ootby face aroond the wast. The granite facin-stanes meisur up tae aboot 3 fit in lenth bi aboot 2 fit in breid an 2 fit in hicht, an a maximum o three coorses is veesible on the nor'wast.
The inby on the wast, that is noo occupee'd bi Crammag Heid Licht, haes been raised up tae aboot 6 fit abuin the ootby face wi material fae a ditch immediate east o the dun.
The ditch is braken bi a causey aboot 8 fit wide that is faced wi granite boolders alang its sooth side. Til the north o the causey the ditch meisurs 29.5 fit in breid an varies fae 4.25 fit in deepth ootby tae 6.5 fit inby, bit til the sooth it is anely aboot 21 fit in breid an 3.6 fit in deepth. The ingang throu the ootby defence wis likely at its soothren end whaur the rampairt an ditch stap 10 fit an 16.4 fit short o the edge o the heid respective.
Aboot 65.5 fit east o the ditch the're an ootby rampairt wi an ootby ditch. At its north end the rampairt haes been reduce't til a bit mair nor a scaiterin o stanes bit taewart the sooth it is up tae about 14.5 fit thick an 1.6 fit heich. Vitrified stane wis rekivert fae the ootby rampairt.
It haed an ingang on the east whaur the waw wis at least 14.75 fit tae 19.7 fit thick.
Core Hill Fort
Core Hill Fort is an Airn Age-Daurk Age fort situatit on the summit o Core Hill, immediate sooth o Kirkmaiden Kirkyaird. It meisures aboot 83 fit bi aboot 69 fit within the inby rampairt, that varies fae a law baunk aboot 11 fit thick and aboot 1.5 fit heich, til a scaur up tae abbot 7.5 fit heich ootby. A stane axe wis fund in the ben.
High Drummore Motte an Bailey
This motte an bailey is in the mid-eastren side o the Rhins. The moond is 10 fit heich, bit it is 23 fit heich til the east and pertectit on the wast bi a rampairt an ditch. The tap is aboot 40 fit in diameter, and haes a howe aboot 18 fit across an 3-4 fit deep, wi an ingang fae the east. A rampairt gangs doon the slope taewart the east wi an inby spacin o 60 fit. ON the sooth the war an ingang aboot 8 fit wide at the steid o the moond an on the sooth o the steid the rampairt is aboot 24 fit thick at the steid an 6 fit heich ootby. Atween it an the edge o the glen lies a terrace 20 fit wide near the moond, decreasin til the east whaur it is 6 fit wide. The bailey lies on the east an meisurs aboot 92 fit bi 65.6 fit within a baunk up tae 23.6 fit thick an 8.2 fit heich on the sooth that parrockit the motte.
5t - 6t century graff
This graff is kivert bi a stane leck beirin a bad-worn Laitin inscription. The oreeginal descrievin o the stane (that is noo lost) recoreds that the name Ventidus wis legible thegither wi anither ane, that translatit as "sub-deacon". It is thocht that this coud be the 5th stane fae Kirkmadrine, the graff bein o a muckle later date. A staundin stane is situated 503 yaird nor'nor'wast o Law Curghie.
Cairngaan
At Cairngaan, at the soothren tip o the Rhis, is a likely Bronze-Age fort.
Kirkmaiden in the Machars
A ruint kirk sooth o Port William in the Machars, near Menreith in the pairish o Glasserton, is cried "Kirkmaiden-in-Fernis". In the kirkyaird here is the graff o Captain François Thurot.
Francis II o Fraunce
Francis II (François II) (19 Januar 1544 – 5 December 1560) wis a monarch o the Hoose o Valois-Angoulême who wis Keeng o Fraunce frae 1559 tae 1560.
Destricts o Libie
There are twinty-twa destricts o Libie, kent bi the term shabiyah (Arabic singular شعبية šaʿbiyya, plural šaʿbiyyāt). In the 1990s these replaced the aulder baladiyat seestem.
Historically the aurie o Libie wis considered three provinces (or states), Tripolitanie in the northwast, Cyrenaica in the east, an Fezzan in the soothwast. It wis the conquest bi Italy in the Italo-Turkis War that unitit them in a single poleetical unit. Unner the Italians, Libie wis eventually dividit intae fower provinces an ane territory: Tripoli, Misrata, Benghazi, Derna, (in the north) an the Territory o the Libian Sahara (in the sooth). Efter the French an Breetish occupee'd Libie in 1943, it wis again split intae three provinces: Tripolitanie in the northwast, Cyrenaica in the east, an Fezzan-Ghadames in the soothwast.
Airticle 176 o the constitution o Libie statit "The Kinrick o Libie shall be dividit intae admeenistrative units in conformity wi the law tae be promulgatit in this connection. Local an regional cooncils mey be formed in the Kinrick. The extend o these units shall be determined bi law which shall likewise organize these Cooncils." in exact quote.
Efter unthirldom (1951), Libie wis dividit intae three govrenorates (muhafazat), matchin the three provinces o afore, but in 1963 it wis dividit intae ten govrenorates. In 1983 a new seestem wis introduced dividin the kintra intae fowerty-sax destricts (baladiyat). In 1987 this wis reduced tae twinty-five destricts.
On 2 August 1995, Libie reorganized intae thirteen destricts (shabiyat). In 1998 this wis increased tae 26 shabiyat destricts. In 2001 it wis increased tae thirty-twa destricts plus three admeenistrative regions. Feenally in 2007 tae wis reduced tae twinty-twa destricts.
Shabiyat
Shabiyah (شعبية šaʿbiyya, plural:  شعبيات šaʿbiyyāt)  is a neologism exclusive tae Libie unner Gaddafi,  in line wi exclusive terms for republic (jamahiriya), meenistry (amanah) an embassy (fowk-bureau). The term basically means a destrict, that is, a top level admeenistrative diveesion. Etymologically, it is an adjective meanin "o or pertainin tae the fowk, popular".
22 shabiyat (2007)
In 2007 the current twinty-twa shabiyah replaced the aulder thirty-twa shabiyahشعبيات الجماهيرية العظمى– Sha'biyat of Great Jamahiriya, accessed 10 May 2009, in Arabic.
The current leet is as follaein:
José María Avilés Province
Location
Avilés province is ane o sax provinces in the Tarija Depairtment. It is locatit atween 21° 28' an 22° 05' sooth an atween 64° 29' an 65° 25' wast.
The province borders Eustaquio Méndez Province in the north, Potosí Depairtment in the wast, Argentinae in the sooth, Aniceto Arce Province in the sooth-east, an Cercado Province in the north-east.
The province extends ower 85 km frae north tae sooth, an 115 km frae east tae wast.
Population
Main idiom o the province is Spaingie, spoken bi 98.9 %, while 2.4 % o the population speak Quechua, an 0.2 speak Aymara.
81.6 % o the population hae nae access tae electricity, 82.9 % hae nae sanitar facilities (1992).
77.0 % o the population are employed in agricultur, 0.1 % in mining, 3.7 % in industrie, 19.2 % in general services (2001).
93.9 % o the population are Catholics, 4.6 % are Protestants (1992).
Brydekirk
Brydekirk (Gaelic: Eaglais Bhride) is a veelage in the historical coonty o Dumfriesshire in Dumfries an Gallowa, Scotland.
The veelage is aside the River Annan, an it wis the concept o the Paisely Dirom faimily o Mount Annan. Biggin stairtit aboot 1822.
History
The oreeginal veelage wis cried Bridechaipel an wis nor'wast o whit is noo Brydekirk Mains ferm. In 1507, ower 500 year syne, it wis kent as Bridechaipel, in 1517 as Brydekyrk, an in 1660 Brydekirk. It hid its ain watter at St Bryde's Wall and the wall is there yet 500 year later.
The pownd that is growen-up wis the veelage pownd at Brydekirk Mains ferm. A body micht see signacles o the auld veelage. The chaipel hid a rochsome stane waw surroondin it, it was built in 1100, ower 900 year syne. We fand oot an aw aftore the Dirom's time the veelage nor'wast o Brydekirk wis cried Brydechapel, it wis built aroond a smaw chaipel dedicatit tae Saunt Bryde (Saunt Brigid o Kildare) that wis born in 452. In 1983 it wis excavatit bi archaeologists, an thay fand coins datin back tae 1496, an thir anes is in the Dumfries Museum.
Mains Ferm
The Bell faimily haes bade there for ower 200 year. Mr Bell shawed us the auldest pairt o the tour. We saw St Bride's Tour, it is aboot 49 fit heich. The people bade abuin and the ainimals bade ablo tae help keep the people wairm. A body coud see yet the bauks that haudit the fluir whaur the people bade. Mr Bell shawed us an aw a pownd in front o the ferm whaur watter wis teppit sae that it coud pouer teh watterwheel. Brydekirk Mains Ferm hid thair ain cornmill an Mr Bell said that his faither can mind it wirkin ower 70 year ago. Mr Bell said an aw the Quarrel, whaur the boys from the schuil likely gaed tae wirk, wis nearly aw fillt in. It is aboot a field awa fae the schuil pairk. That field is kent local as "The American" acause o its size.
Lieutenand General Alexander Dirom
A laird, Lieutenand General Alexander Dirom (1757-1830), wantit tae build an industrial veelage by the River Annan tae increase the value o his laund. Dirom makkit a great mony plans for Brydekirk.
Dirom wis born in 1757 at Bamff in Aiberdeenshire an cam til Annan whan he mairit Miss Magdalene Paisley, the heiress o Munt Annan estate. Thay bade at Munt Annan for mony years, thay haed 7 sons an 5 dochters. He dee'd in October 1830 at Munt Annan aged 74. The firs job wis tae mak the planned veelage easy tae get tae. He haed tae big roads an atween 1799 an 1800 he biggit a brig. A stane brig wi three airches gaed ower the River Annan ower 200 year syne. Noo Dirom haed fower roads that cam intae Brydekirk. He made a new road fae Munt Annan tae Brydekirk, ae mile with a yett an a porter's ludge at ilk end. Dirom wis interestit in the river tae power aw the industrys o Brydekirk includin a corn mill, an ooen mill, an a bleach field tae bleach the claith bi the sun. Dirom wis interested an aw in quarrelin fae his launds the fine saundstane fae Corsehill, an lime fae a quarrel at Brounmuir. In 1791 ower 200 year syne he tried tae bore for coal bit wisna successfu. The hooses wis tae be built bi the people thaimsels an syne a set rent wis peyed tae Dirom. He wantit haurdwirkin people tae bide in his veelage. The first sax hooses wis built bi Dirom. The hooses wis aw built tae his plan; ilk hid a slatit ruif an wis built wi limestane fae his quarrels at Brounmuir. Ilk hoose was tae be white-washt in the wear o ilka year, the cots wis said tae glister in the sun, an Brydekir wis eik-name't "The White Wash Ceety".
Celtic Warriors
Ance a Welsh rugby union team, based in Pontypridd an Bridgend. They played in the Celtic League an wis coached by Lynn Howells
Brydekirk
Lieutenand General Alexander Dirom
In 1837, ower 200 year ago, the leet o people in the veelage wis:
The veelage wis thrivin bit Dirom niver completit his perqueer plan. New soorces o pouer cam alang like stea, an watter-power wisna gaun tae last.
Dirom is buirit in the Annan Auld Pairish Kirkyaird that is the buirial grund o his faimily an aw.
Colombie fowk
Demografie
Wi approximately 43.6 million fowk in 2006, Colombie is the seicont-maist populous kintra in Sooth Americae, efter Brazil.
Muivement frae landwart tae urban auries wis vera hivy in the mid-twintiet century, but haes syne tapered aff. The urban population increased frae 31% o the tot population in 1938, tae 57% in 1951 an aboot 70% bi 1990. Currently the figur is aboot 77%. Thirty ceeties hae a population o 100,000 or mair. The nine eastren lawlands depairtments, constitutin aboot 54% o Colombie's aurie, hae less nor 3% o the population an a densitie o less nor ane body per square kilometre (twa bodies per sq mi.). Colombie's tot population in 2015 is projectit tae be mair nor 52 million.
Mair nor twa-thirds o aw Colombies live in urban auries – a figur significantly heicher than the warld average. The leeteracy rate (94 percent) in Colombie is well abuin the warld average, an the rate o population growthe is slichtly heicher than the warld average. An aw, a lairge proportion o Colombies are young, lairgely acause o recent decreases in the infant mortality rate. While 33 percent o the fowk are 14 year o age or younger, juist 4 percent are agit 65 or aulder.
Ethnic groups
The European immigrants wur primarily Spaingie colonists, but a sma nummer o ither Europeans (i.e. Portuguese, Dutch, German, Italian, French, Swiss, Belgians, Inglis an a sma colony o Erse whan the kintra wis unner Breetish rule) an mony North Americans migratit tae the Caribbean region in the late 19t an early 20t centuries an aw, an in smawer nummers Germans, Pols, Lithuanie, Hungarian an Croatie commonties immigratit durin the Seicont Warld War an the Cauld War.
Black Africans wur brocht as slaves, maistly tae the coastal lawlands, beginnin early in the 16t century, an continuin intae the 19t century. Ither immigrant populations include Asies an Middle Easterners, pairticularly Lebanese, Jordanians, Siries, Cheenese, Japanese an Koreans, recently hae been muivin intae the kintra.
49% o the population is mestizo, or o mixed European an the earliest settlers' ancestry, while 37% are white o full European ancestry. Anither 14% is mulatto, or o mixed black African an European ancestry, while 4% is o black African ancestry an 3% are zambos, o mixed black African an Amerindian ancestry. Pure indigenous Amerindians comprise 1 percent o the population. Thare are 101 leids leetit for Colombie in the Ethnologue database, o which 80 are spoken the day as livin leids. Thare are aboot 500,000 speakers o indigenous leids in Colombie the day.
Lynn Howells
Lynn Howells (born 29 Mey 1950) is a Welsh rugby union coach.
Colombie fowk
Indigenous fowks
Afore the Spainyie colonization o the region that wad acome the kintra o Colombie, the territory wis the hame tae mony different indigenous fowks. The day mair nor fifty different indigenous ethnic groups inhabit Colombie. Maist o thaim speak leids belangin tae the Chibchan an Cariban leid faimilies.
Eskişehir Province
Eskişehir Province (Eskişehir ili) is a province in northwastren Turkey. Its adjacent provinces is Bilecik (norwastlins), Kütahya (wastlins), Afyon (soothwastlins), Konya (soothlins), Ankara (eastlins), an Bolu (norlins). The provincial caipital is Eskişehir. Maist o the province is laid doun in Central Anatolie Region. Northren pairts o Mihalıççık destrict an anes o Mihalgazi an Sarıcakaya o her remained in Black Sea Region an Han ane o her remained in Aegean Region.
Colombie fowk
Indigenous fowks
Historically thare are establisht 567 reserves (resguardos) for indigenous fowks an thay are inhabitit bi mair nor 800,000 fowk; the 1991 constitution establisht thair native leids as offeecial in thair territories, maist o thaim hae bilingual education (Native an Spainyie). Some o the lairgest indigenous groups are the Wayuu, the Arhuacos, the Muisca, the Kuna fowk, the Witoto, the Páez, the Tucano an the Guahibo. The departamentos wi the biggest Indian population are Cauca, La Guajira an Guainia.
6 Julie
The 6t o Julie is the 187t day o the year (188t in lowp years) in the Gregorian Calendar, wi 178 days ti come.
Eskişehir Province
Eskişehir is an auld, culturally developit province o Turkey. It haes a population o 755,427. Eskişehir haes 2 universities, Eskişehir Osmangazi University ESOGU, an Anadolu Üniversitesi, that is the lairgest university in Turkey an haes some branch offices in Europe.
Colombie fowk
Releegion
The Naitional Admeenistrative Depairtment o Statistics (DANE) daes no collect releegious statistics, an accurate reports are haurd tae obtain. Based on various studies, mair nor 95% o the population adheres tae Christianity, in which a huge segment o the population, atween 81% an 94%, practices Roman Catholicism an 4% follae Protestanism. Aboot 1% o Colombies practice indigenous religions.
Eskişehir Province
Destricts
Eskişehir province is dividit intae 14 destricts twa o which are actually includit in the greater municipality o Eskişehir (shown in bauldface letters).
Colombie fowk
Releegion
Unner 1% practice Islam, Hinduism, an Buddhism. Despite strang nummers o adherents, aroond 60% o respondents tae a poll bi El Tiempo report that thay dae no practice thair faith actively.
Eskişehir Province
Eskişehir's Fowk
Eskişehir's population haes a heich literacy level for Turkey at aboot 99%. Mony universities an military installations is locate in an aroond the ceety. Turkis technical students is concentrate in the Eskişehir universities. Infrastructural problems haes been partially solvit in 2004 wi the construction o a tram seestem.
Colombie fowk
Releegion
The Colombie constitution guarantees releegious freedom, but states that the State "is no atheist or agnostic, nor indifferent tae Colombies' releegious sentiment." Releegious groups are readily able tae obtain recognition as organisit associations, but some smawer anes face difficulty in obtainin recognition as releegious entities, which is required tae affer chaplaincy services in public facilities.
Eskişehir Province
Eskişehir's Fowk
Eskisehir an neiborin ceeties wis the major settlement aurie for the descendants o the foonders o the Ottoman empire, about 1000 year syne. Mony veelages in the province cairry the names o the Turkis tribes/clans frae thae times. Some fowk in the ceety o Eskişehir trace their faimily oreegin back tae Crimea an the Caucasus; some come frae surroondin auncient touns; like Sivrihisar; an some is Turkifeed indigenous fowk o the region frae the auncient times [Phrygians(Alarian/Albanian), an Galatians (Celtic) Oreegins]
Meerschaum
Eskişehir is internaitionally kent as the source o Meerschaum, a white foamy stane that is uised for smokin pipes wi detailed carvins. It is cried lületaşı in Turkis.
Yevgeny Adamov
Yevgeny Olegovich Adamov (Евге́ний Оле́гович Ада́мов, born 28 Aprile 1939) wis the heid o the Roushie atomic energy meenistry, MinAtom. He wis appointit bi Preses Boris Yeltsin in 1998 an oostit bi Preses Vladimir Putin in 2001.
Adamov, a nuclear pheesicist, than jyned the Dollezhal Institute.
In 2005, he wis reestit in Bern, Swisserland, on fraud chairges. The reest wis makkit at the request o the Unitit States. The US accuised Adamov o divertin up tae $9 million whilk the US Energy Department gied Roushie tae help impruive security at its nuclear facilities. Extradition requests war filed first bi the USA an than bi Roushie, whilk haes actively protestit the muive bi the US. Adamov wis finally extraditit tae Roushie. The muive wis widely covered as a successfu ploy bi the Roushie govrenment tae prevent Adamov frae tellin US authorities state secrets (an mebbes some creeminal secrets) that he ken.
On Februar 20, 2008, he wis convictit bi the Zamoskvoretsky court in Moscow o fraud an misuiss o pouer an sentenced tae 5.5 years o imprisonment.
He wis released frae jyle whan his sentence wis suspendit bi a heicher-level court on Aprile 17, 2008.
La Palma Airport
La Palma Airport is a airport locatit in Breña Baja an Villa de Mazo, 8 km sooth o the ceety o Santa Cruz de La Palma on La Palma in the Canary Islands. It is operatit bi Aeropuertos Españoles y Navegación Aérea, who operate the vast majority o ceevil airports in Spain. The airport is servit mainly bi Binter Canarias an CanaryFly wi island-hoppin flichts frae Tenerife an Gran Canaria.
Leet o municipalities in Piauí
This is a leet o the municipalities in the state o Piauí (PI), Brazil.
Charles IX o Fraunce
Charles IX (27 Juin 1550 – 30 Mey 1574) wis a monarch o the Hoose o Valois who ruled as Keeng o Fraunce frae 1560 till his daith.
Belaroushie leid
The Belaroushie leid (беларуская мова, BGN/PCGN: byelaruskaya mova, Scientific: belaruskaja mova, łac.: biełaruskaja mova) is the leid o the Belaroushie fowk. It is the offeecial leid o Belarus, alang wi Roushie, an is spoken abroad, chiefly in Roushie, Ukraine, and Poland. Prior tae Belaroushie gainin its unthirldom frae the Soviet Union in 1992, the leid wis kent in Scots as Byeloroushie or Beloroushie, transliteratin the Roushie name, Белорусский язык, or alternatively as White Roushie or White Ruthenian. Follaein unthirldom, it wis an aa cawed Belarusan.
Belarusian is ane o the East Slavic leids, an shares mony grammatical an lexical features wi ither members o the group. Its predecessor stage is kent as Auld Belaroushie (14t tae 17t centuries), in turn descendit frae Auld East Slavic (10t tae 13t centuries).
San Felipe Tejalapam
San Felipe Tejalapam is a toun an municipality in Oaxaca in south-wastren Mexico. The municipality covers an aurie o 76.55 km². It is pairt o the Etla Destrict in the Valles Centrales region.
As o 2005, the municipality haed a total population o 6221. The municipality includes part of the Benito Juárez National Park.
Buenos Aires Province
The Province o Buenos Aires (, Provincia de Buenos Aires) (Inglis: Fair Winds) is the lairgest an maist populous Argentinie province. It taks the name frae the city o Buenos Aires, which uised tae be the provincial caipital till it wis federalisit in 1880. The current caipital o the province is the city o La Plata, foondit in 1882.
The province borders Entre Ríos tae the north; Santa Fe tae the wast; Córdoba, La Pampa an Río Negro tae sooth an east; an the Atlantic Ocean. The entire province is pairt o the Pampas geografical region.
The province haes a population o aboot 15.6 million fowk, or 39% o Argentinae's total population. Nearly 10 million fowk live in Greater Buenos Aires, the metropolitan area surroondin the Autonomous City o Buenos Aires. The area o the province, 307571 km2, maks it the lairgest in Argentinae wi aroond 11% o the Kintra's total area.
Clarencefield
Clarencefield is a smaw veelage in Rival Pairish in the historical coonty o Dumfriesshire in Dumfries an Gallowa, Scotland. It is atween Dumfries an Annan. It wis aince served bi Ruthwell railwey station.
History
This teepical veelage wis biggit tae service the nearby Comlongon Castle an tae provide accommodation for its employees an thair faimilies. The castle wis aince haudit bi the Yerls o Mansfield, an it is noo a hottle.
A saw mill wis locatit nearby at Hope Cottages, pouert bi a mill pownd uisin watter fae the Brow or Raffles Burn. The McFarlan Memorial Haw provides various faceelitys for the local commmunity.
Association wi Robert Burns
In Julie 1796, likely tholin subacute bacterial endocarditis, the poet Robert Burns medical freends Dr William Maxwell and Dr Alexander Brown suggestit that he shoud gang tae Brow whaur he wis prescrived drinkin o the watter o the mineral wall, sea bathin, ridin, an the kintra air. He steyed for 3 week, ludgin at the inn. John Burney o the inn at Clarencefield wis the guidson o the hostler at Brow, an Burs wis advised tae mak his wey til the veelage tae get some port wine that hid been prescrived as pairt o his treatment.
Burns arrived, pit the empie bottle on the coonter an ordert the port wine, houiver he hid no siller an made tae gie Burney his personal seal that cairit his "armorial device" that he wis sae prood o as a cation until he coud pey wi coin. He had informt the hostler that "the muckle deil had got into his pouch and was its only occupant." The leddy hostler hertent her guidman tae gie Burns the medicinal wine withoot siller or pledge. The in is said tae hae been locatit in the ferm on the route fae Brow.
Gunpouder
Gunpouder, kent as black pouder an aw, is a chemical explosive—the earliest kent.
Sakarya Province
Sakarya is locatit in the Marmara Region. Its adjacent provinces are Kocaeli tae the wast, Bilecik tae the sooth, Bolu tae the sootheast, an Düzce tae the east. The caipital o Sakarya is Adapazarı. The climate is oceanic due tae its close proximity tae the Black Sea.
Sakarya is situatit on the Ankara-Istanbul Heich-gate. It is connectit throu baith road an rail. Sakarya is servicit bi Istanbul's Sabiha Gökçen Internaitional Airport airport. The current mayor o Sakarya is Zeki Tocoglu (AKP).
History
Sakarya dates back tae 378 BC. Auncient settlers included Phrygiens, Bithyniens, Cimmerians, Lydians an Persies, but Sakarya got its identity frae the Romans an Byzantine rulers. Ane o the maist important remains o historical significance is the Justinianus Brig (Beş Köprü) biggit bi Byzantine Emperor Justinian in 533 CE.
Westside (Gibraltar)
Westside is an urban aurie o the Breetish owerseas territory o Gibraltar. It lees atween the wastren slopes o the Rock of Gibraltar an the eastren shores o the Bay of Gibraltar an contains ower 98% o the territory's population.
It is split intae 6 main residential auries:
Clayton
Clayton mey refer tae:
Villeurbanne
Villeurbanne is a commune in the Rhône depairtment in eastren Fraunce.
It is situated northeast o Lyon, wi which it forms the hert o the seicont-lairgest metropolitan aurie in Fraunce efter that o Paris. Villeurbanne is the seicont-lairgest ceety in the depairtment.
History
The current location o downtown Villeurbanne is kent tae hae been inhabited as far back as 6000 BC. Its current name comes frae a Gallo-Roman farming aurie, established at aboot the same time as Lyon (then Lugdunum) an kent as the Villa Urbana ("town house"). It wad then acome Urbanum, then Villa Urbane an, ultimately, Villeurbanne.
Villeurbanne haes belonged tae the kinrick o Fraunce syne 1349. It wis then separated frae Lyon bi the river La Rize, a umwhile branch o the Rhône River.
Until the 19t century, the ceety wis merely a patchwork o distinct villages separated bi fields an undeveloped land. Thir villages hae maistly survived, an nowadays form the neighborhoods o Charpennes, Cusset, Croix-Luizet, Maisons-Neuves, etc.
Wi the industrial era, Villeurbanne's economy soared: the textile industry wis the first tae bloom, followed bi mechanical an chemical ones. The factories lured in numerous immigrants, maist notably frae Italy. Transforming frae a rural community tae an industrial toun, Villeurbanne underwent a tremendous demographic boom in the late 1920s. Frae 3,000 indwallers in 1928, its population rocketed tae 82,000 in 1931. Mayor Lazare Goujon (elected 1924) engaged the ceety in a vast public works initiative. Arguably the maist visible heritage o this program is the Gratte-Ciel, a housing complex made up o twa Art Deco touers an annex smawer buildings, lining up alang the Avenue Henri Barbusse. Thir structures are the work o architect Môrice Leroux, an ane o the maist notable Art Deco structures in Fraunce. Haein undergone thorough renovation, the 19-story twin touers hae acome an emblem o the ceety.
Education
Mony colleges an varsities o the Lyon metropolitan aurie are locatit in Villeurbanne. Mony o thir are locatit on the La Doua campus, home tae the Claude Bernard Varsity (Lyon I), CPE Lyon an the Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon.
Transport
Villeurbanne is well served bi the Lyon aurie public transit seestem, the TCL (Transports en Commun Lyonnais). The east branch o subway line A runs throu the ceety hert, an the new tramway line T1 connects the La Doua campus tae the Lyon business an commercial destrict o La Part-Dieu an the Presqu'île downtown.
Twin touns — Sister ceeties
Villeurbanne is twinned wi:
Demography
In terms o nummer o indwallers, the ceety o Villeurbanne is the seicont ceety o the Rhône depairtment, the fowert ceety o the region Rhône-Alpes, the 27t ceety o Fraunce. It is an aa the biggest ceety o Fraunce tae be anerlie a chef-lieu o a canton an no tae be a prefecture.
Notable fowk
The leet o notable native Villeurbannais includes:
See an aa
Guillaume Bottazzi airt wirk on a skyscraper
Durrës
Durrës is the seicont lairgest ceety o Albanie. It is the maist auncient an ane o the maist economically important ceeties o Albanie. It is locatit on the central Albanian coast, aboot 33 km (21 mi) wast o the caipital Tirana. It is situatit at ane o the narrower pynts o the Adriatic Sea, opposite the Italian ports o Bari (300 km/186 mi away) an Brindisi (200 km/124 mi away). It haes a population o aroond 202,000 (2009). The ceety o Durrës is hame tae Albanie's newest public varsity, the Aleksander Moisiu University. In addition, it is the meetin pynt o naitional roads SH2 an SH4.
Names
In the past few decades, the Albanie name o the ceety, Durrës (Durrësi), haes gradually replaced the widespread uise o the Italian name Durazzo.
The ceety haes been kent bi mony ither names in different leids due tae its varied colorful history, includin the Greek names Epidamnos (Επίδαμνος) an Dyrrhachion (Δυρράχιον), the Laitin Dyrr(h)achium, the Slavonic Drač (Драч), the Ottoman Turkis Dıraç an the Italian Durazzo.
Auncient
Tho survivin remains are minimal, as ane o the auldest ceeties in Europe, the ceety wis foondit as Epidamnos in the auncient region o Illyrie in 627 BC bi auncient Greek colonists frae Corinth an Corcyra. The general vicinity o Epidamus wis cried Epidamnia. The ceety's geographical poseetion wis heichlie advantageous, as it wis situatit aroond a naitural rocky harbour which wis surroondit bi inland swamps an heich cliffs on the seaward side, makin the ceety vera difficult tae attack frae aither land or sea.
For Catullus, the ceety wis Durrachium Hadriae tabernam, "the taberna o the Adriatic", ane o the stoppin places for a Roman travelin up the Adriatic, as Catullus haed done hissel in the sailin saison o 56.
Roman an Byzantine rule
Efter the Illyrian Wars wi the Roman Republic in 229 BC endit in a decisive defeat for the Illyrians, the ceety passed tae Roman rule, unner which it wis developed as a major military an naval base. The Romans renamed it Dyrrachium (Greek: Δυρράχιον / Dyrrhachion). Thay considered the name Epidamnos tae be inauspicious acause o its wholly coincidental similarities wi the Laitin wird damnum, meanin "loss" or "harm". The meanin o Dyrrachium ("bad spine" or "difficult ridge" in Greek) is unclear, but it haes been suggestit that it refers tae the imposin cliffs near the ceety. Julius Caesar's rival Pompey made a staund thare in 48 BC afore fleein sooth tae Greece. Unner Roman rule, Dyrrachium prospered; it became the wastren end o the Via Egnatia, the great Roman road that led tae Thessalonica an on tae Constantinople. Anither lesser road led sooth tae the ceety o Buthrotum, the modren Butrint. The Roman emperor Caesar Augustus made the ceety a colony for veterans o his legions follaein the Battle o Actium, proclaimin it a civitas libera (free toun).
In the 4t century AD, Dyrrachium wis made the caipital o the Roman province o Epirus nova. It wis the birthplace o the emperor Anastasius I in circa 430. Some time later that century, Dyrrachium wis struck bi a pouerful yirdquauk which destroyed the ceety's defences. Anastasius I rebuilt an strengthened the ceety waws, sicweys creatin the strangest fortifications in the wastren Balkans. The 12 m (36 ft)-heich waws wur sae thick that, accordin tae the Byzantine historian Anna Komnene, fower horsemen coud ride abreast on them. Significant portions o the auncient ceety defences still remain, awtho thay hae been muckle reduced ower the centuries.
Lik muckle o the rest o the Balkans, Dyrrachium an the surroondin Dyrraciensis provinciae suffered considerably frae barbarian incursions during the Migrations Period. It wis besieged in 481 bi Theodoric the Great, keeng of the Ostrogoths, an in subsequent centuries haed tae fend off frequent attacks bi the Bulgarians. Unaffected bi the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the ceety continued unner the Byzantine Empire as an important port an a major link atween the Empire an wastren Europe.
Middle Ages
The ceety an the surroondin coast became a Byzantine province (the Theme o Dyrrhachium) in the early 9t century. Byzantine rule wis contestit bi the Bulgarians unner Simeon the Great, but it remained in Byzantine haunds till the late 10t century, when Samuel o Bulgarie conquered the ceety an held it till ca. 1005.
Dyrrachium wis lost in Februar 1082 bi the emperor Alexios I Komnenos tae the Normans unner Robert Guiscard an his son Bohemund in the Battle o Dyrrhachium. Byzantine control wis restored a few years later but the ceety wis lost again in 1185, this time tae the Norman Keeng William II o Sicily. In 1205, efter the Fowert Crusade, the ceety wis transferred tae the rule o the Republic o Venice. It passed intae the haunds o Manfred o Sicily an then Charles I o Sicily (Charles o Anjou) in 1268.
Five years later, in ca. 1273, it wis wrecked bi a devastatin yirdquauk (accordin tae George Pachymeres; R. Elsie, Early Albania (2003), p. 12), but suin recovered an became an independent duchy unner the rule o Charles' grandson John o Anjou. It later came unner the rule o Philip I o Taranto. In 1333 it wis annexed tae the Frankish Principality o Achaea afore fawin tae the Serbian Tsar Stefan Dušan in 1336. When Dušan dee'd in 1355, the ceety passed intae the haunds o the Albanian faimily o Thopias.
The Republic o Venice regained control in 1392 an retained the ceety, kent as Durazzo in those years, as pairt o the Venetaian Albanie. It fendit aff a siege bi the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II in 1466 but fell tae Ottoman forces in 1501.
Durrës became a Christian ceety quite early on; its bishopric wis creatit aroound AD 58 an wis raised tae the status o an airchbishopric in 449. It is an aa the seat o a Greek Orthodox metropolitan bishop. Unner Turkis rule, mony o its indwallers convertit tae Islam an mony mosques wur erectit. This ceety wis renamed as Dıraç, the ceety did no prosper unner the Ottomans an its importance declined greatly. Bi the mid-19t century, its population wis said tae hae been anerlie aboot 1,000 fowk livin in some 200 hoosehaulds. Its decrepitude wis notit bi foreign observers in the early 20t century: "The walls are dilapidated; plane-trees grow on the gigantic ruins of its old Byzantine citadel; and its harbour, ance equally commodious and safe, is gradually becoming silted up." It wis a sanjak centre in İşkodra Vilayet afore 1912.
20t century
Durrës wis an active ceety in the Albanian naitional leeberation movement in the periods 1878-1881 an 1910-1912. Ismail Qemali raised the Albanian banner on November 26, 1912. The ceety became Albanie's seicont naitional caipital (efter Vlora) on 7 Mairch 1913 unner the brief rule o Prince William o Wied.
Durin the First Warld War, the ceety wis occupee'd bi Italy in 1915 an bi Austrick-Hungary in 1916-1918. It wis captured bi the Allies in October 1918. Restored tae Albanian sovereignty, Durrës became the kintra's temporary caipital atween 1918 an Mairch 1920. It experienced an economic buim due tae Italian investments an developed intae a major seaport unner the rule o Keeng Zog, wi a modren harbour bein constructit in 1927.
An yirdquauk in 1926 damaged some o the ceety an the rebiggin that follaed gae the ceety its mair modren appearance. Durin the 1930s, the Bank of Athens haed a branch in the ceety.
The Seicont Warld War saw Durrës (cried Durazzo again in Italian) an the rest o Albanie bein annexed tae the Kinrick o Italy atween 1939–1943, then occupee'd bi Nazi Germany till 1944. Durrës's strategic value as a seaport made it a heich-profile military target for baith sides. It wis the site o the initial Italian landins on 7 Aprile 1939 as well as the launch pynt for the ill-fatit Italian invasion o Greece. The ceety wis hivily damaged bi Allied bombin durin the war an the port installations wur blown up bi the retreatin Germans in 1944.
Soie
Soie is a naitural protein feebre, some forms o whilk can be wuiven intae textiles.
Durrës
20t century
The Communist regime o Enver Hoxha rapidly rebuilt the ceety follaein the war, establishin a variety o hivy industries in the aurie an expandin the port. It became the terminus o Albanie's first railwey, begun in 1947. In the late 1980s the ceety wis briefly renamed Durrës-Enver Hoxha.
Follaein the collapse o communist rule in 1990, Durrës became the focus o mass emigrations frae Albanie wi ships bein hijacked in the harbour an sailed at gunpoint tae Italy. In ane month alane, August 1991, ower 20,000 fowk migratit tae Italy in this fashion. Italy intervened militarily, puttin the port aurie unner its control, an the ceety became the centre o the European Community's "Operation Pelican", a fuid-aid programme.
In 1997, Albanie slid intae anarchy follaein the collapse o a massive pyramid scheme which devastatit the naitional economy. An Italian-led peacekeepin force wis controversially deployed tae Durrës an ither Albanian ceeties tae restore order, awtho thare wur widespread suggestions that the real purpose o "Operation Alba" wis tae prevent economic refugees continuin tae uise Albanie's ports as a route tae migrate tae Italy.
Follaein the turn o the 20t tae 21st century, Durres haes been revitalisit as mony streets wur repavit, while pairks an facades experiencit a face lift.
Economy
Durrës is still an important link tae Wastren Europe due tae its port an its proximity tae the Italian port ceeties, notably Bari, tae which daily ferries run. As well as the dockyard, it an aa possess an important shipyard an manufacturin industries, notably producin leather, plastic an tobacco products. The neebourin destrict an aa produces wine an a variety o fuidstuffs.
Climate
Durrës haes a teepical Mediterranean climate wi het, dry simmers an ceul winters. The average o watter temperatur in Durrës is frae 14 °C in Februar tae 26 °C in August. The simmer in Durrës stairts frae Mey tae middle o October.
The soothren pairt o the coastal plain is characterisit bi a relatively dry Mediterranean climate, het simmers wi an average temperatur o 26 °C. Winter is mild an wet wi an average temperatur o 9.8 °C. The average annual rainfaw amoonts tae 800-1 300 mm, but anerlie 12 percent o the tot faws in the period Juin–September. In this aurie mony crops are grown (cereals, industrial crops, vegetables, forages etc.), citrus an olive trees an aw.
Sichts
Some important biggins in Durrës include the main leebrar, the cultural centre wi the Aleksandër Moisiu Theatre, the Estrada Theatre, the puppet theatre, an the philharmonic orchestra. Thare are several museums sic as the Durrës Archaeological Museum, Ryal Villa o Durrës an the Museum o History (the hoose o Aleksandër Moisiu) an aw.
The ceety hosts the Durres Auncient Ceety Waw cried Durrës Castle an aw while the lairgest amphitheatre in the Balkans is locatit in the ceety close tae the harbour. This first-century construction is currently unner consideration for inscription as a UNESCO Warld Heritage Steid.
Consulates in Durrës
Thir kintras hae the follaein honorary consulates in Durrës:
Eshera
Eshera (Ешыра; ეშერა; Эшера) is a village in the Sukhumi Destrict in the pairtly recognizit republic o Abkhazie, considered tae be a pairt o Georgie bi maist UN member states. It is a climatic-balneotherapeutic resort on the Black Sea coast, at the richt side o Gumista river. Its altitude abuin sea level is aroond 30 m, the distance tae Sukhumi is 16 km. Ance a pairt o the Georgie SSR, Eshera is controlled bi the de-facto unthirlt republic o Abkhazia syne 1993.
The Abkhaz census o 2011 reportit that Eshera haed a population o 2,141. The ethnic makup wis 40.9% Abkhaz, 40.8% Armenies an 10.9% Roushies. Ither minorities includit Georgians (1.9%), Ukrainians (1.2%) an Greeks (0.6%).
Çanakkale Province
Çanakkale Province (Çanakkale ili) is a province o Turkey, locatit in the northwastren pairt o the kintra. It takes its name frae the toun o Çanakkale.
Destricts
Çanakkale province is dividit intae 12 destricts (caipital destrict in bauld):
Breña Baja
Breña Baja (Spainyie for Lawer Breña) is a municipality on the eastren side o the island o La Palma, in the province o Santa Cruz de Tenerife, in the Canary Islands. The ayuntamiento (municipal office) is in the toun o San José wi a elevation o 300 m. Till the 17t hunderyear the aurie wis kent as Breña, but wis then dividit intae Breña Alta an Breña Baja.
La Palma's seicont lairgest resort, Los Cancajos, is on the coast. Pairt o La Palma Airport (umwhile Mazo Airport) is locatit in the municipality.
Subdiveesions
The municipality haes 8 subdiveesions, or "pairishes" (population figurs frae 2005):
Cardiff Blues
Cardiff Blues is a Welsh rugby union team, whit plays their gemmes in the Celtic League.
Thay play at Cardiff Airms Pairk, an hae ne'er wan a cup.
Aosta
Aosta (French: Aoste, Aoûta) is the principal ceety o the bilingual Valle d'Aosta in the Italian Alps, 110 km north-northwast o Turin. It is situatit near the Italian entrance o the Mont Blanc Tunnel, at the confluence o the Buthier an the Dora Baltea, an at the junction o the Great and Little St. Bernard routes. Aosta is no the caipital o the province, as these functions are shared bi the region an the communes.
History
Aosta wis settled in proto-historic times an later became a centre o the Salassi, mony o whom wur killed or sauld intae slavery bi the Romans in 25 BC. The campaign wis led bi Marcus Terentius Varro, who then foondit the Roman colony o Augusta Praetoria Salassorum, hoosin 3,000 retired veterans. Efter 11 BC Aosta became the caipital o the Alpes Graies ("Grey Alps") province o the Empire. Its position at the confluence o twa rivers, at the end o the Great an the Little St Bernard Pass, gave it considerable military importance, an its layoot wis that o a Roman military camp.
Efter the faw o the Wastren Empire, the ceety wis conquered, in turn, bi the Burgundians, the Ostrogoths, the Byzantines. The Lombards, who haed annexed it tae their Italian kinrick, wur expelled bi the Frankish Empire unner Pepin the Short. Unner his son, Charlemagne, Aosta acquired importance as a post on the Via Francigena, leadin frae Aachen tae Italy. Efter 888 AD it wis pairt o the renewed Kinrick o Italy unner Arduin o Ivrea an Berengar o Friuli.
In the 10t century Aosta became pairt o the Kinrick o Burgundy. Efter the faw o the latter in 1032, it became pairt o the lands o Coont Humbert I o the Hoose o Savoy. Efter the creation o the coonty o Savoy, wi its caipital in Chambéry, Aosta led the unification o Italy.
Unner the Hoose o Savoy, Aosta wis grantit a special status that it maintained when the new Italian Republic wis proclaimit in 1948.
Transport
Aosta railway station, opened in 1886, forms pairt o the Chivasso–Aosta railwey, an is an aw a junction station for a branch line tae nearbi Pré-Saint-Didier, in the Valdigne, on the wey towards Courmayeur.
Aosta Airport is a short distance tae the east o the ceety.
Internaitional relations
Aosta is twinned wi: