cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Sofia Coppola
Sofia Carmina Coppola (born Mey 14, 1971) is an American screenwriter, director, producer an actress. In 2003, she received the Academy Awaird for Best Oreeginal Screenplay for the comedy-drama Lost in Translation, an acame the third woman tae be nominatit for an Academy Awaird for Best Director. In 2010, wi the drama Somewhere, she acame the first American woman (an fowert American filmmakker) tae win the Gowden Lion, the tap prize at the Venice Film Festival. Her faither is director, producer an screenwriter Francis Ford Coppola.
Florence and the Machine
Florence and the Machine (stylisit as Florence + the Machine) are an Inglis indie rock baund that formit in Lunnon in 2007, consistin o vocalist Florence Welch, keybuirdist Isabella Summers, an a collaboration o ither airtists.
Han River
Han River mey refer tae:
Tourcoing
Tourcoing is a ceety in northren Fraunce.
Twin touns – Sister ceeties
Tourcoing is twinned wi:
Lost in Translation (film)
Lost in Translation is a 2003 American-Japanese romantic comedy-drama film written an directit bi Sofia Coppola. It wis her seicont featur film efter The Virgin Suicides (1999). It starns Bill Murray as agin actor Bob Harris, wha befriends college graduate Charlotte (Scarlett Johansson) in a Tokyo hotel.
Pauline Bonaparte
Pauline Bonaparte (Maria Paola; 20 October 1780 – 9 Juin 1825) wis an Italian noblewoman, the first sovereign Duchess o Guastalla in Italy, an imperial French Princess an the Princess consort o Sulmona an Rossano. She wis the sixth child o Letizia Ramolino and Carlo Buonaparte, Corsica's representative tae the coort o Keeng Louis XVI o Fraunce. She wis the favourite sister o her elder brither, Napoleon. She mairit Charles Leclerc, a French general, a union ended bi his daith in 1802. Later, she mairit Don Camillo Borghese (6t) Prince o Sulmona. Her only child, Dermide Leclerc, born frae her first mairiage, died in childhood. She wis the anly Bonaparte sibling tae visit Napoleon in exile on his principality, Elba. She is also kent as Pauline Borghese. She wis a subject o a sculpture bi Antonio Canova. She also haed a suite o rooms at the Palazzina di caccia o Stupinigi.
E (mathematical constant)
[[File:hyperbola E.svg|thumb|237px|right|Graph o the equation
y = 1/x
. Here, e is the unique nummer lairger nor 1 that maks the shadit aurie equal tae 1.]] The nummer e is a mathematical constant that is the base o the naitural logarithm: the unique nummer that's naitural logarithm is equal tae ane. It is approximately equal tae 2.71828, an is the leemit o
(1 + 1/n)n
as n approaches infeenity, an expression that arises in the study o compoond interest.
Dobong-gu
Dobong-gu is ane o the 25 destricts (gu) o Seoul, Sooth Korea. It is locatit on the north side o the Han River.
Muntain
Mt. Dobong is nearbi an actually its aurie is in chairge o dobong-gu. Dobongsan, which provides a restin place tae Dobong-gu residents, is locatit in the northeast o Mt. Bukhan.
Admeenistrative diveesions
Dobong-gu is componit o fower dong.
Seicont Chechen War
The Seicont Chechen War wis launched bi the Roushie Federation, stairtin 26 August 1999, in response tae the Invasion o Dagestan bi the Islamic Internaitional Brigade (IIB).
Camillo Borghese, 6t Prince o Sulmona
Don Camillo Borghese, 6t Prince o Sulmona (Camillo Filippo Ludovico; 19 Julie 1775 – 9 Mey 1832) wis a member o the Hoose o Borghese, best kent for bein a brither-in-law o Napoleon. He wis suceeded bi his brither o Francesco Borghese. He wis creatit a Prince o the First French Empire bi Napoleon.
Mairiage
On 6 November 1803 he mairit Pauline Bonaparte Duchess o Guastalla, thay haed nae issue. She wis the subject o a sculpture bi Antonio Canova.
Van der Waals radius
The van der Waals radius, rw, o an atom is the radius o an eemaginary haurd sphere representin the distance o closest approach for anither atom. It is named efter Johannes Diderik van der Waals, winner o the 1910 Nobel Prize in Physics, as he wis the first tae recognise that atoms war nae simply pynts an tae demonstrate the physical consequences o thair size throu the van der Waals equation o state.
Alexandria, Virginie
Alexandria, cried The City of Alexandria an aw, is an independent ceety in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As o the 2010 census, the population wis 139,966, an in 2014, the population wis estimatit tae be 155,810. Locatit alang the wastren bank o the Potomac River, Alexandria is approximately 7 mi sooth o downtown Washington, D.C.
Ignition coil
An ignition coil (cried a spark coil an aw) is an induction coil in an automobile's ignition system that transforms the battery's law voltage tae the thousands o volts needed tae creaut an electric spark in the spark plugs tae ignite the fuel. Some coils hae an internal resistor, while others rely on a resistor wire or an external resistor tae leemit the current flowing intae the coil frae the car's 12-volt supply. The wire that goes frae the ignition coil tae the distributor an the heich voltage wires that go frae the distributor tae each o the spark plugs are cried spark plug wires or heich tension leads. Oreeginally, every ignition coil system required mechanical contact breaker pynts an a capacitor (condenser). Mair recent electronic ignition systems uise a power transistor tae provide pulses tae the ignition coil. A modren passenger automobile mey uise ane ignition coil for each ingine cylinder (or pair o cylinders), eliminating fault-prone spark plug cables an a distributor tae route the heich voltage pulses. Ignition systems are nae required for diesel ingines which rely on compression tae ignite the fuel/air mixture.
Kite (geometry)
In Euclidean geometry, a kite is a quadrilateral whose fower sides can be grouped intae twa pairs o equal-length sides that are adjacent tae ilk ither. In contrast, a parallelogram haes twa pairs o equal-length sides an aw, but thay are opposite ilk ither rather nor adjacent. Kite quadrilaterals are named for the wind-blown, flyin kites, which eften hae this shape an which are in turn named for a bird. Kites are kent as deltoids an aw, but the wird "deltoid" mey refer tae a deltoid curve an aw, an unrelatit geometric object.
Duno
Duno is a comune (municipality) in the Province o Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, locatit aboot 60 km northwast o Milan an aboot 14 km northwast o Varese. As o 31 Dizember 2004, it haed a population o 163 an a aurie o 2.5 km².
Duno borders the follaein municipalities: Brissago-Valtravaglia, Casalzuigno, Cassano Valcuvia, Cuveglio, Mesenzana, Porto Valtravaglia.
Nonagon
In geometry, a nonagon (or enneagon ) is a nine-sidit regular polygon.
The name "nonagon" is a prefix hybrid formation, frae Laitin (nonus, "ninth" + gonon), uised equivalently, attestit already in the 16t century in French nonogone an in Inglis frae the 17t century. The name "enneagon" comes frae Greek enneagonon (εννεα, "nine" + γωνον (from γωνία = "corner")), an is arguably mair correct, tho somewhit less common nor "nonagon".
A regular nonagon haes internal angles o 140°. The aurie o a regular nonagon o side length a is gien bi
Surfactant
Surfactants are compoonds that lawer the surface tension (or interfacial tension) atween twa liquids or atween a liquid an a solit. Surfactants mey act as detergents, wettin agents, emulsifiers, foamin agents, an dispersants.
Eurofighter Typhoon
The Eurofighter Typhoon is a twin-ingine, canard-delta weeng, multirole fechter.
Maybach
Maybach-Manufaktur is a German caur buist that the day exists as a pairt o Mercedes-Benz.
Distributor
A distributor is an enclosed rotating shaft uised in spark-ignition internal combustion ingines that hae mechanically-timed ignition. The distributor's main function is tae route seicontar, or heich voltage, current frae the ignition coil tae the spark plugs in the correct firing order, an for the correct amount o time. Except in magneto seestems, the distributor an aa houses a mechanical or inductive breaker switch tae open an close the ignition coil's primary circuit.
The first reliable battery operated ignition wis developed bi Dayton Engineering Laboratories Co. (Delco) an introduced in the 1910 Cadillac. This ignition wis developed bi Charles Kettering an wis considered a wonder in its day. Atwater Kent invented his Unisparker ignition seestem aboot this time in competeetion wi the Delco seestem. Bi the end o the 20t century mechanical ignitions war disappearing frae automotive applications in favour o inductive or capacitive electronic ignitions, fully controlled bi ingine control units (ECU), rather than directly timed tae the ingine's crankshaft speed.
Louis Alexandre de Bourbon, Prince o Lamballe
Louis Alexandre de Bourbon, Prince o Lamballe (Louis Alexandre Joseph Stanislas; 6 September 1747 – 6 Mey 1768) wis the anly surviving son an sicweys heir o Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke o Penthièvre, grandson o Keeng Louis XIV bi the king's legitimised son bi Madame de Montespan; Louis Alexandre de Bourbon, Coont o Toulouse. He wis kent as the Prince o Lamballe (Prince de Lamballe) frae birth. He died afore his faither, an haed no childer. Dying as a result o venereal disease in 1768, his sister Louise Marie Adélaïde inherited thair faither's vast fortune. He wis buried at the Ryal Chapel in Fraunce.
Mairiage
His faither chose his bride, the Italian Maria Luisa Teresa o Savoy "Mademoiselle de Carignan".
Princess Maria Luisa wis a dochter o Louis Victor o Savoy, Prince o Carignano (himsel descended frae Keeng Victor Amadeus II o Sardinie) Princess Maria Luisa's mither wis Princess Christine o Hesse-Rotenburg (hersel a sister o Queen Polyxena o Sardinie)
The wedding celebration lasted from 17 Januar 1767, until 27 Januar However after three month o happiness, Louis Alexandre soon tired o his young wife an resumed his life o débaucherie. He eloped with Mademoiselle de La Chassaigne, an opera dancer, five month intae his mairiage.
Warlord Era
The Warlord Era wis a period o time i the history o Cheenae, follaein the faw o the Qing Dynasty an precedin the establishment o the Nanjing Government bi Chiang Kai-Shek. It is characterised bi mony wars an coalitions atween sindry warlairds, maistlins i the North o Cheenae. Mony see this period as endin i 1928, efter the Northern Expedition, i that the Kuomintang unifee'd maist o the warlairds unner thaim nominallie. The warlaird era wis an important pairt o the Chinese Civil War, aften kent as the first stage o the weir.
Oreigins
Mony warlairds drew their strenth frae new airmies that haed been creatit durin or efter the Taiping Rebellion, the maist weel kent o that wis the Beiyang Army. This airmy wis the main predecessor o the Beiyang warlairds, that ringit ower china nominallie frae Beijing until the capital changed tae Nanjing efter the Northern Expedition. Thewarts the stairt o the 20t yeirhunner, mony quaistens wis bein askit aboot the future o Cheenae. The damage duin bi Empress Dowager Cixi wis irreversible, an mony tried tae quick mak reforms i the empire. On the ither side, mony turnt tae revolution as a possibilitie an aw, includin republican heidyin Sun Yat-sen, nou regairdit as the "Faither o Cheenae". Sun creatit the republican group o the Tongmenghui, a merger o ither republican groups, that eventual became the Kuomintang. The Qing Dynasty, that haed ringit ower Cheenae sin 1644, wis owerthrawn i the Xinhai Revolution, stairtin wi the Wuchang Uprisin. Yuan Shikai, that wis wirkin tae pit doon the revolutionaries, decidit tae wirk wi thaim an negotiate fur thaim wi the Qing. This caust the Xuantong Emperor (fir ordinar kent as Puyi) tae abdicate an fur a new republic tae be established. The Provisional President o the Republic o Cheenae haed bin Sun Yat-sen, but Yuan Shikai teuk his place an shiftit the caipital tae Beijing agin Sun's wishes.
Anhui Dominance
Wi Li Yuanhong replacin Yuan Shikai as President efter his daith, the political pouer fawed intae the haunds o Premier Duan Qirui. The govrenment wirkit close wi the Zhili clique unner Vice President Feng Guozhang tae maintain stability.
Duan teuk the Nishihara loans, that he uised tae biggin an airmy. He debatit jynin the First Warld War wi li, leadin tae baith Li an Duan askin fur General Zhang Xun tae step i an restore stability i Beijing. Houaniver, whan Zhang entert the city on 1 Julie, he dissolvit the pairlament an proclaimt the restorin o the Qing dynasty i the Manchu restoration. Duan quickly returnt frae Tianjin wi reinforcements, crushin the Manchu restoration. Diveesions atween the Zhili an Anhui cliques got waur til the eventual Zhili-Anhui War, i that a coalition atween the Zhili clique an the Manchurian Fengtian clique led tae the exile o the Anhui clique tae Shanghai an Zhejiang.
Zhili Dominance
Efter the Zhili-Anhui war, Beijing wis jyntly occupied bi the Zhili an Fengtian cliques. Feng Guozhang deed i 1919, bein replacit as leader o the clique bi Cao Kun. War brakit oot atween Zhili an Fengtian i 1922 i the First Zhili-Fengtian War, endin i Fengtian bein driven back tae Manchurie. The Zhili returnit Li Yuanhong tae the position o President an restorit the National Assembly. They drove Sun Yat-sen oot o Guangzhou. Cao teuk up the position o President i 1923, despite opposition frae rival warlairds an the folk o Cheenae. I 1924, a brakit treaty atween Jiangsu govrener Qi Xieyuan an Zhejiang govrener Lu Yongxiang led tae the Jiangsu-Zhejiang War, pittin the Zhili amang the remnants o the Anhui clique. A coalition involvin the Fengtian clique, the Anhui clique an the Kuomintang stairtit fechtin the Zhili, leadin tae the Second Zhili-Fengtian War. Sun Chuanfang, govrener o Fujian, helpt Qi i takin Nanjing, whiles tae the north, battles wis bein focht tae pass throu the Great Waw, wi Fengtian forces finally findin a pass thewarts the end o the war. Zhili general Feng Yuxiang betrayit the Zhili clique, leadin tae the eventual loss o the Zhili i the weir i 1925.
Watter cycle
The watter cycle, forby kent as the hydrologic cycle or the H2O cycle, describes the conteenous movement o watter on, abuin an ablo the surface o the Yird. The mass watter on Yird remains fairly constant ower time but the pairtitionin o the watter intae the major reservoirs o ice, fresh watter, saline watter an atmospheric watter is variable dependin on a wide range o climatic variables. The watter moves frae ane reservoir tae anither, sic as frae river tae ocean, or frae the ocean tae the atmosphere, bi the pheesical processes o evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, runaff, an subsurface flow. In sae daein, the watter gangs throu different phases: liquid, solit (ice), an gas (vapour).
Refraction
Refraction is the chynge in direction o a wave due tae a chynge in its transmission medium.
Phase (maiter)
In the physical sciences, a phase is a region o space (a thermodynamic system), atouer whilk aw physical properties o a material is essentially uniform. Insaumples o physical properties include density, index o refraction, magnetization an chemical composeetion. A semple description is that a phase is a region o material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, an (eften) mechanically separable. In a system consistin o ice an watter in a gless jaur, the ice cubes is ae phase, the watter is a seicont phase, an the humid air ower the watter is a third phase. The gless o the jaur is anither separate phase.
Instagram
Instagram is a mobile photo-sharin application an service that allaes uisers tae share picturs an videos aither publicly or privately on the service, as well as throu a variety o ither social networkin platforms, sic as Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, an Flickr.
90377 Sedna
90377 Sedna (seembol: ) is a lairge minor planet in the ooter reaches o the Solar System that wis,, at a distance o aboot 86 astronomical units (AU) frae the Sun, aboot three times as far as Neptune.
Moon Jae-in
Moon Jae-in (born 24 Januar 1953) is a Sooth Korean politeecian wha is the Preses o Sooth Korea.
Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis o Pombal
Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis o Pombal 1st Coont o Oeiras (13 Mey 1699 – 8 Mey 1782), popularly cried the Marquis o Pombal (Marquês de Pombal, wis an 18t-century Portuguese statesman. He wis Secretary o the State o Internal Affairs o the Kinrick (the equivalent o a Prime Minister today) in the government o Joseph I o Portugal frae 1750 tae 1777. Undoubtedly the most prominent. He mairit wice an haed childer wih his second wife. The Marquis o Pombal Square in Lisbon is named in his honour. He wis in power at the time o the 1755 Lisbon yirdquauk.
Tõnis Mägi
Tõnis Mägi (born 18 November 1948 in Tallinn) is an Estonie sangster, guitarist, componer an actor. He is ane o the maist influential an remarkable names in the Estonie rock muisic for the past 40 years.
He grew up in a muisical faimily, muisic became interestin in his early bairnheid. While attendin in the Tallinn 22nt Heich Schuil (nou Jakob Westholm Gymnasium) he stairtit performin as the choir's soloist in the early grades. Efter learnin tae play guitar, Mägi stairtit his muisicial career as a guitarist in schuil baunds Juuniorid (1965) an Rütmikud (1966). Efter serving in the compulsory Soviet Army he became the vocalist o Baltika. Later he sang in the baunds Kärjed, Laine, Muusik Seif, 777 an Ultima Thule.
Syne 1996 he haes been wirkin in Vanemuine theatre in Tartu.
Poleetical activity
In Januar 2007 Mägi became a member o the poleetical pairty Estonie Greens. He stuid as a candidate in the Estonie pairliamentar election in 2007.
Personal
Tõnis Mägi met his first wife Virve while still a student. In 1988 he divorcit his seicont wife actress Laine Mägi, wi whom he haed a dochter Liis-Kartin wis born (1983). In the same year he met his third wife Piia, wi whom he suin emigratit tae Swaden. Efter her daith Tõnis haed tae raise thair dochter Maarja (1992) bi hissel. Currently Tõnis Mägi is marriet tae sangster Kärt Johanson. Thay hae twa dochters: Liidia (born 1999) an Mirt (born 2004). Mägi's dochter frae his seicont marriage Liis-Katrin is marriet tae actor Märt Avandi.
Augustin-Jean Fresnel
Augustin-Jean Fresnel (10 Mey 1788 – 14 Julie 1827), wis a French ingineer an pheesicist wha contreibutit signeeficantly tae the establishment o the theory o wave optics. Fresnel studied the behaviour o licht baith theoretically an experimentally.
He is aiblins best kent as the inventor o the Fresnel lens, first adoptit in lichthooses while he wis a French commissioner o lichthooses, an foond in mony applications theday. His Fresnel equations on waves an reflectivity an aa form the basis for mony applications in computer graphics the day — for instance, the renderin o watter.
Banner o Cape Verde
The naitional banner o Cape Verde wis adoptit on 22 September 1992, replacin the banner adoptit durin Cape Verdean unthirldom, focht for wi Guinea-Bissau, anither umwhile Portuguese colony on mainland Wast Africae.
Proportions
The Constitution o the Republic daes no specifee wha the offeecial proportions for the hicht an the width o the banner are. The dimensions o the pairts that mak up the banner are gien proportionally tae the dimensions o the sides, athoot specifyin those dimensions. Housomeivver, the proportion maist widely uised is 2:3, which is the same proportion that wis uised in the banner prior tae 1992. Consequently, 2:3 is the de facto (but no de jure) proportion.
Colour shades
The Boletim Oficial gies the offeecial shades o the banner's colours (as well as the colours o the Airms o the Republic): The Pantone, CMYK an RGB are offeecial as published in the bulletin. The ither colour shades (Wab an HSV) are interpretations o the Pantone staundarts.
History
Afore unthirldom frae Portugal, Cape Verde did no hae a offeecial banner, an the Portuguese naitional banner wis uised. In the late 1960s, a banner for the Portuguese owerseas province o Cape Verde wis proposed, consistin o the banner o Portugal defacit wi the shield frae the provincial airms in the lawer flee. Housomeivver, this banner wis niver adoptit.
T-72
The T-72 is a Soviet seicont-generation main battle tank that entered production in 1971.
Banner o Cape Verde
History
The oreeginal naitional banner o Cape Verde wis introducit on unthirldom in 1975, an wis based on the banner o the Partido Africano para a Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde (PAIGC). It uised the common African colours o reid, green an yellae, an wis identical tae the Banner o Guinea-Bissau except for the chairge in the hoist-side stripe. Thair similarity evokit the plans tae unite baith kintras, which, housomeivver, wur abandoned shortly efter unthirldom. Guinea-Bissau gained unthirldom on 10 September 1974.
Refractive index
In optics the refractive index or index o refraction n o a substance (optical medium) is a dimensionless nummer that describes hou licht, or ony ither radiation, propagates throu that medium. It is defined as whaur c is the speed o licht in vacuum an v is the speed o licht in the substance. For ensaumple, the refractive index o watter is 1.33, meanin that licht traivels 1.33 times slawer in watter nor it daes in vacuum.
Belgian Airmed Forces
The Belgian Defence Forces (Defensie; La Défense) is the naitional militar o Belgium. The Belgian Airmed Forces wis established aifter Belgium became independent in October 1830. Syne that time Belgian airmed forces hae fought in Warld War I, Warld War II, the Cauld War (Korean War an airmy o occupation o the Federal Republic o Germany), Kosovo, Somalie an Afghanistan. The ParaCommando Brigade intervened several times in Central-Africae, for maintainin public order an evacuation o Belgian citizens. The Airmed Forces comprise fower braniches: the Laund Component, the Air Component, the Naval Component an the Medical Component.
Establishment
When Belgium broke awey frae the Netherlands in 1830 it wis initially expectit that a neutral buffer state, wi its mairches guaranteed bi Fraunce, Breetain an Proushie, caud avoid the need for an expensive permanent militar force, relyin insteid on the pairt-time militia o the existing Garde Civique (Ceevil Gaird). The need for a regular airmy wis houaniver soon acknowledged. The basis for recruitment wis ane o selective conscription unner which exemptions caud be purchased bi obtainin substitutes. In practice this meant that anelie aboot a quarter o each year's eligible intak actually servit, wi the burden fawin on the poorer clesses.
Early history
As pairt o the naitional policy o even-haundit neutrality, the 19th century Belgian Airmy wis deployed as an essentially defencive force in fortifications facing the Dutch, German an French mairches. Mobilisation plans simply requirit reservists tae report tae thair depots, withoot arrangements bein made in advance for deployment in a pairticular direction or against a pairticular enemy. Recruitment difficulties caused the airmy tae remain below its intendit strenth o 20,000 men, awtho new legislation in 1868 tightened the basis for conscription. The Franco-Proushie War o 1870 required full mobilisation for nearly a year, a process which shawed up serious training an structural weaknesses. The presence o Belgian forces in strength alang the kintra's mairches, supportit bi intelligence providit bi the Belgian ceevil security service, did houaniver ensure that the combat at nae time spilled owed intae Belgian territory.
Daniel Wanjiru
Daniel Kinyua Wanjiru (born 26 Mey 1992) is a Kenyan long-distance runner. He wan baith the 2016 Amsterdam Marathon an the 2017 Lunnon Marathon. His personal best time for the marathon is 2:05:21, set in Amsterdam in 2016.
Belgian Airmed Forces
Early history
As late as the 1890s the Belgian Airmy still retained a seestem o selective service, at a time when maist European states wur muivin tae a principle o universal obligation, accordin tae the Proushie model. In Belgium conscripts wur selectit throu the drawing o ballots, but individuals caud escape service bi paying for substitutes. This seestem favoured the weel-off an haed been discardit elsewhere as inefficient an unpatriotic. For those conscriptit the terms o service requirit aicht years in the regular airmy (o which pairt micht be spent on "unlimitit leave"), follaed bi five years as a reservist. Various categories o volunteer enjoyed sic privileges as bein able tae specify thair brainch o service, boonties an heicher pay.
The Papal Airmy based in Rome includit frae 1860 a battalion-sized unit kent as the Tirailleurs Franco-Belges (Franco-Belgian Sharpshooters). Recruitit amangst volunteers frae baith kintras, this became the Pontifical Zouaves in 1861 an fought as an alleed force on the French side in 1871 during the Franco-Proushie War.
In 1864 a Corps Expeditionnaire Belge (Belgian Expeditionary Corps) wis raised for service in Mexico. Oreeginally intendit tae serve as the Gaird o the Belgian-born Empress Charlotte this 1,500 strang force wis lairgely drawn frae volunteers seicontit frae the Belgian Airmy. Kent popularly as the Belgian Legion, it saw active service in Mexico as pairt o the Imperial forces, afore returnin tae Belgium for disbandment in Mairch 1867.
Frae 1885 the Force Publique wis established as the militar garrison an polis force in the Belgian Congo, then unner the direct rule o Keeng Leopold II. Initially led bi a variety o European mercenaries, this colonial force wis subsequently offeecered bi Belgian regulars aifter 1908.
Frae December 1904 a smaw detachment o Belgian truips wis permanently based in Cheenae as the "Gaird o the Belgian Legation in Peking".
Reforms unner in the early years o the 20th century includit the abolition in 1909 of the seestem o drawing lots for the selection of the annual intak o conscripts. In 1913, compulsory an universal military service for men wos established in Belgium. While this enablit actual peacetime strength tae be increased tae 33,000 men (increased tae 120,500 on mobilisation), this wis anelie sufficient tae provide a basis for the creation o seiven unner-strenth diveesions (ane o cavalry) plus artillery an fortress truips. The Belgian militar wis awso affectit bi poleetical an popular reliance on the suppositly certain protection o the kintra's internaitionally gairanteed neutrality. In the words o the historian Barbara W. Tuchman "the airmy wis conseedert superfluous an slichtly absurd". Trainin an discipline wur slack, equipment inadequate an even field uniforms wur auld fashioned an impractical.
Awtho improvements in the Belgian Airmy haed been uneven durin the 19t an early 20t centuries, ane aurie o successful reform haed been that o increasing the professionalism o the officer corps. The Ryal Militar Academy haed been established in 1834, tae be follaed bi the Ecole d'Application for technical trainin, an the Ecole de Guerre for staff trainin in 1868. The Belgian Airmy pioneerit the practice o training a corps o finance, personnel an general admeenistration specialist officers insteid o leaving sic functions tae ceevil servants withoot militar experience or inadequately prepared line officers. Thare wis houaniver a serious shortage o trained officers in the rapidly expanding airmy o 1913.
Airmy in 1914
On the eve o Warld War I, the Belgian Airmy comprised 19 infantry regiments (line, Chasseurs à pied, Grenadier and Carabinier), 10 cavalry (Guides, Lancers an Chasseurs à cheval) an 8 artillery (moontit, field an fortress). Support forces includit ingineers, gendarmerie, fortress truips, train an ceevil gairds. The seiven divessions o the Field Airmy were intendit tae provide a mobile force while the 65,000 fortress truips providit garrisons for the substantial forts constructit aroond Antwerp, Liège an Namur. These fortifeecations haed been biggit in seiveral stages beginnin in 1859, thou a nummer wur still incompletit in 1914. While weel-designed and built by 19th century standards, these fixed defences wi thair sunken artillery turrets haed been renderit obsolete bi recent advances in heivy siege artillery howitzers.
Warld War I
At the stairt o Warld War I in August 1914, the Belgian airmed forces wur bein restructurit, due tae this measure an the rapid occupation o Belgium anelie 20% of men wur mobilised and incorporated into the airmed forces. Ultimately, 350,000 men wur incorporatit intae the Belgian airmed forces, awtho ane thirt o these did nae pairticeepate directly in combat.
Invadit bi surprise bi the Imperial German Airmy, which wi approximately 600,000 men strang, the smaw, ill-equippit, 117,000-strang Belgian airmy succeedit, for ten days, in hauldin the German airmy in front o Liège in 1914. Thay fought atween the emplacit forts in the aurie an wi thair support. This strategy wis based on the Napoleonic concept o fechtin the advance force an preventin a portion o the enemy forces jynin the main body. At the time, the authorities an the public celebratit a determinit Belgian resistance that the Germans did nae expect.
For fower years, unner the command of King Albert I, the Belgian Airmy gairdit the important sector o the Alleed left weeng atween Nieuwpoort, on the coast, an Ypres wi the help o the forces o the Entente but did nae pairticeepate in ony o the major Alleed offencives, which wur deemed unnecessarily expensive in terms o cost an manpouer bi the King o the Belgians.
In 1916, a body o Belgian airmourit cars wur muived frae the IJzer front tae help the Roushie Empire. The force foond itsel alangside an identical body sent bi the Breetish on the Eastren Front.
In Belgium, aifter fower years o war, as o 26 Mey 1918, the airmy haed 166,000 men o which 141,974 wur combatants, furmin twal infantry diveesions an ane cavalry diveesion. It haed 129 aircraft an 952 guns o aw calibres. Frae September, the Belgian Airmy wis involvit in the Alleed offencive until the final victory o 11 November 1918.
Atween the Wars
After the Airmistice wi Germany o 1918, the Belgian govrenment socht tae retain the strategy o 1914. Little effort wis made tae acquire tanks an aircraft for the Belgian airmed forces, while insteid the Govrenment strenthenit the fortifeecations o Liege an Antwerp. This wis despite the fact that durin Warld War I the forts haed pruivit ineffective despite strang support frae artillery an infantry. Until 1936, Belgium remained alleed tae Fraunce an the Unitit Kinrick.
The Belgian Airmy unnerwent a series o reductions frae 12 diveesions in 1923 tae anelie fower aifter 1926. The rank an file conseestit awmaist entirely o conscripts servin full-time for anelie 13 month, afore enterin the reserves.
Warld War II
On 1 September 1939, when the Wehrmacht invadit Poland, King Leopold III o Belgium orderit a general mobilisation, in which 600,000 Belgians wur mobilised. Despite wairins frae the French an Breetish govrenment, the King refused an alliance. Belgium wis invadit, defeatit, an occupeed in an 18 Days' Campaign aifter 10 Mey 1940. Later, 163 Belgian truips wir rescued durin the Dunkirk evacuation, an Belgium's new navy, the Corps de Marine, anelie refurmit in 1939, awso pairticeepatit.
Aifter the defeat in 1940, signeeficant nummers o Belgian sodgers and civilians escaped to Breetain tae Jyne the Belgian forces in exile. The Belgian govrenment, under Hubert Pierlot, evacuated tae Lunnon where it remained until the liberation in 1944.
Belgian sodgers furmed the 1st Belgian Infantry Brigade (which awso includit an artillery battery o sodgers frae Luxembourg) mair eften kent as the Brigade Piron aifter its commandin officer, Jean-Baptiste Piron. The Brigade Piron wis involvit in the Normandy Invasion an the battles in Fraunce an the Netherlands until liberation. Belgians awso servit in Breetish special forces units durin the war, forming a truip o No.10 Commando which wis involvit in the Italian Campaign an Laundins on Walcheren. The Breetish 5th Special Air Service (SAS) wis entirely made up o Belgians.
Twa Belgian fechter units, the 349t and 350t Squadrons, wur formit in the Ryal Air Force, wi ower 400 pilots. The 350th Squadron alone claimed ower 50 "kills" atween its formation in November 1941 an the end o the war.
Twa corvettes an a group of minesweepers wur awso operatit the Belgians durin the Battle o the Atlantic, nummerin some 350 men by 1943. Maist militar Belgian vessels o the Belgian navy wur internit in Spain, except for the patrol craft P16, which managit tae escape tae the Unitit Kinrick, where it became HMS Kernot</i>.
The Force Publique awso pairticeepatit in the East African Campaign an wur instrumental tae forcin the Italian surrender in Abyssinie.
Post 1945
The hairsh lessons o Warld War II made collective security a priority for Belgian foreign policy. In Mairch 1948 Belgium signed the Treaty of Brussels, an then jyned NATO in 1948. Houaniver the integration o the airmed forces intae NATO did nae begin until aifter the Korean War, tae which Belgium (in co-operation wi Luxembourg) sent a detachment kent as the Belgian Unitit Naitions Command. Later Belgium contreibutit a corps tae NATO's Northren Airmy Group. Defence expenditure grew alang wi the force size. In 1948 the airmy wis 75,000 strang which grew tae 150,000 bi 1952. A major defence review in 1952 set a target o three active an twa reserve diveesions, a 400-aircraft air force an a fifteen-ship navy. Fowerty anti-aircraft defence battalions wur creatit, linked wi radar an a centralised command-an-control seestem.
As a safegaird against Belgium bein invadit again, twa major bases, Kitona an Kamina, wur established in the Belgian Congo. Thay wur awmaist viewed as a 'naitional redoubt,' permittin the survival an rebiggin o forces if Belgium wur again invaded.
Follaein a chynge in govrenment in 1954 conscript service wis reducit tae 18 month. The Belgian Airmy gained nuclear capability in the 1950s with Honest John missiles initially an then wi nuclear-capable tube artillery. It awso adoptit the U.S. Pentomic organisation, but then switched tae a triangular diveesion structure bi the early 1960s. Juist aifter unthirldom in the Congo, a Metropolitan Command (Cometro) wis active tae control the Belgian forces thare.
Marie Françoise de Bourbon
Marie Françoise de Bourbon, Légitimée de France, Granddochter o Fraunce bi mairiage (4 Mey 1677 – 1 Februar 1749) wis the youngest legitimised dochter o Keeng Louis XIV an his mistress Madame de Montespan. Placed in the care o Madame de Maintenon along with her brither the Coont o Toulouse. Like her half-sister Marie Anne, she wis nown as Mademoiselle de Blois frae November 1681. She would remain close to both o her brithers the Coont o Toulouse an their elder brither the Duke o Maine. In Februar 1692, alledgedly with the influence o her fomer governess Madame de Maintenon, Mademoiselle de Blois would mairit her first cousin Philippe, d'Orléans, then-the Duke o Chartres
Mairiage
On 18 Februar 1692, in the Ryal Chaipel o the Palace o Versailles Mademoiselle de Blois mairit her first cousin Philippe, d'Orléans, The "Duke o Chartres". He wis the only surving son o Philippe o Fraunce, Duke o Orléans, "Monsieur" an his second wife Elisabeth Charlotte o the Palatinate, "La Princesse Palatine". As a result o her mairiage she wis entitled to the style o address o Her Ryal Highness.
Leonor, Princess o Asturias
Leonor, Princess o Asturias (born 31 October 2005) is the elder dauchter o Keeng Felipe VI an Queen Letizia o Spain. Leonor is first in the line o succession tae the throne.
Dumyat
Dumyat is a hill near Stirlin, Scotland. It is neer Logie Kirk an Sherifmuir.
Cittiglio
Cittiglio is a comune (municipality) in the Province o Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, locatit aboot 60 km northwast o Milan an aboot 15 km northwast o Varese. As o 31 Dizember 2004, it haed a population o 3,817 an a aurie o 11.5 km².
Cittiglio borders the follaein municipalities: Brenta, Caravate, Castelveccana, Gemonio, Laveno-Mombello.
The elite weemen's profeesional road bicycle racin event Trofeo Alfredo Binda-Comune di Cittiglio is held annually here.
Deodápolis
Deodápolis is a municipality locatit in the Brazilian state o Mato Grosso do Sul. Its population wis 9,870 (2005) an its aurie is 831 km².
Princess Luise o Proushie
Princess Luise o Proushie (Luise Marie Elisabeth; 3 December 1838 – 23 April 1923) wis the second child and only dochter o German Emperor Wilhelm I and Augusta o Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach. She wis the younger sister o Frederick III o Germany an aunt o Wilhelm II o Germany. Louise was seven years younger than Frederick and two years aulder than his wife, Victoria, Princess Ryal.
Issue
Princess Sophia Maria Victoria o Baden (7 August 1862 - 4 Aprile 1930) mairit Gustaf V o Swaden an haed issue.
Casalzuigno
Casalzuigno is a comune (municipality) in the Province o Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, locatit aboot 60 km northwast o Milan an aboout 14 km northwast o Varese.
Arcumeggia, a frazione o the municipality o Casalzuigno haes, on the external waws o the hooses, some paintins, performit wi the technique o the fresco, bi Italian airtists o the 20t century.
Alfa Romeo
Alfa Romeo Automobiles S.p.A. is an Italian caur manufacturer. Foondit as A.L.F.A. (Anonima Lombarda Fabbrica Automobili, Lombard Automobile Factory, Public Company) on 24 Juin 1910, in Milan, the company haes been involvit in caur racin syne 1911. It wis awned bi Italian state haudin company Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale atween 1932 an 1986, when it became a pairt o the Fiat group. In Februar 2007 the Alfa Romeo buist wis transformit intae the current Alfa Romeo Automobiles S.p.A., a subsidiar o FCA Italy S.p.A..
Iguatemi
Iguatemi is a municipality locatit in the Brazilian state o Mato Grosso do Sul. Its population wis 15,194 (2005) an its aurie is 2,947 km².
Castelveccana
Castelveccana borders the follaein municipalities: Brenta, Casalzuigno, Cittiglio, Ghiffa, Laveno-Mombello, Oggebbio, Porto Valtravaglia.
Palmares
Palmares mey refer tae:
Kremenchuk
Kremenchuk (Кременчу́к, Кременчу́г, translit. Kremenchug), an important industrial ceety in central Ukraine, stands on the banks o the Dnieper River.
Twin touns – Sister ceeties
Kremenchuk is twinned wi 13 ceeties:
El Rosal
El Rosal mey refer tae:
Magneto
A magneto is an electric generator that uses permanent magnets tae produce periodic pulses o alternatin current. Unlik a dynamo, a magneto daes nae contain a commutator tae produce direct current. It is categorized as a form o alternator, awtho it is uisually considered distinct frae maist ither alternators, which uise field coils rather than permanent magnets.
Haund-cranked magneto generators war uised tae provide ringing current in telephone seestems. Magnetos war an aa adapted tae produce pulses o heich voltage in the ignition seestems o some petrol ingines tae provide power tae the spark plugs. Uise o sic ignition magnetos for ignition is nou leemitit mainly tae the follaein kinds o engines:
Anna Rita Del Piano
Anna Rita Viapiano (born 26 Julie 1966), professionally kent as Anna Rita Del Piano is an Italian actress an theatre director
Metropolitan Ceety o Roum Caipital
The Metropolitan Ceety o Roum Caipital (Città metropolitana di Roma Capitale) is a metropolitan ceety in the Lazio region, Italy. Its caipital is the ceety o Roum. It replacit the Province o Roum an comprises the ceety o Roum an ither 121 municipalities (comuni). It wis firstly creatit bi the reform o local authorities (Law 142/1990) an then established bi the Law 56/2014. It haes been offeecially operative syne 1 Januar 2015.
The Metropolitan Ceety o Roum Caipital is heidit bi the Metropolitan Mayor (Sindaco metropolitano) an bi the Metropolitan Cooncil (Consiglio metropolitano).
Linear algebra
Linear algebra is the branch o mathematics concernin vector spaces, eften finite or coontably infinite dimensional, as well as linear cairtins atween such spaces. Such an investigation is initially motivatit bi a seestem o linear equations containin several unkents. Such equations are naiturally represented uisin the formalism o matrices an vectors.
Introduction
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• Murty, Katta G. (2014) Computational and Algorithmic Linear Algebra and n-Dimensional Geometry, World Scientific Publishing, ISBN 978-981-4366-62-5. Chapter 1: Systems of Simultaneous Linear Equations
Advancit
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Scottish Premiership
The Scottish Premiership (Scots Premiership), kent for sponsorship reasons as the Cinch Premiership for sponsorship reasons, is the tap diveesion o the Scottish Professional Football League, the league competeetion for men's perfaisional fitbaw clubs in Scotland.
Clubs
The clubs listit ablo hae competit in the Scottish Premiership syne it wis formed in 2013.
T-90
The T-90 is a third-generation Roushie battle tank that entered service in 1993.
Dungal MacDouall
Dungal MacDouall (Duncan Macdowall, Dugald Macdowall), wis a 13t–14t-century noble, that wis a key feegur against Robert de Brus, later King Robert I of Scotland, in Gallowa, Scotland.
Chechens
Chechens (Нохчий Nokhchiy; Auld Chechen: Нахчой Nakhchuoi) are a Caucasian ethnic group o the Nakh fowks oreeginatin in the North Caucasus region o Wastren Asie.
Alternator
An alternator is an electric generator that converts mechanical energy tae electrical energy in the form o alternatin current. For reasons o cost an simplicity, maist alternators uise a rotating magnetic field wi a stationary armature. Occasionally, a linear alternator or a rotating armature wi a stationary magnetic field is uised. In principle, ony AC electric generator can be cried an alternator, but uisually the term refers tae smaw rotating machines driven bi automotive an ither internal combustion ingines. An alternator that uses a permanent magnet for its magnetic field is cried a magneto. Alternators in pouer stations driven bi steam turbines are cried turbo-alternators. Large 50 or 60 Hz three phase alternators in pouer plants generate maist o the warld's electric power, which is distributed bi electric power grids.
Cable
A cable is twa or mair weirs runnin side bi side an bondit, twistit, or braidit thegither tae furm a single assembly. The term oreeginally referred tae a nautical line o speceefic length whaur multiple raips, each laid clockwise, are then laid thegither anti-clockwise an shackled tae produce a strang thick line, resistant tae watter absorption, that wis uised tae anchor lairge ships. In mechanics, cables, otherwise kent as weir raips, are uised for liftin, haulin, an towin or conveyin force through tension. In electrical ingineerin cables are uised tae carry electric currents. An optical cable contains ane or mair optical feebres in a protective jacket that supports the fibers.
Steel
Steels are alloys o airn an carbon, widely uised in construction an ither applications acause o thair heich tensile strenths an law costs.
Bila Tserkva
Bila Tserkva (Біла Церква, Biała Cerkiew, Белая Церковь, Belaya Tserkov, leeterally White Kirk) is a ceety in central Ukraine, the lairgest ceety in Kiev Oblast.
Gangbuk-gu
Gangbuk-gu is ane o the 25 gu which mak up the ceety o Seoul, Sooth Korea. Its name is derivit frae the fact that it is locatit at the north o Han river. It wis creatit frae neebourin Dobong-gu (도봉구) in 1995.
Crawford
Crawford mey refer tae:
Loch Toba
Loch Toba is a loch in the caldera o a supervolcano. The loch is 100 kilometre lang an 30 kilometre wide, an 505 metre (1,666 ft) at its deepest pynt.
The Loch is in the middle o the northren pairt o the Indonesian island o Sumatra wi an elevation o aboot 900 m. The loch streek frae 2.88°N, 98.52°W to 2.35°N, 99.1°W. It is the muckle maist loch in Indonesia an the muckliest volcanic loch in the warld.
Helicopter
A helicopter is a teep o rotorcraft in which lift an thrust are supplee'd bi rotors.
Iron Man (2008 film)
Iron Man is a 2008 American superhero film featurin the Marvel Comics chairacter o the same name, produced bi Marvel Studios an distributit bi Paramount Pictures.
Doge's Pailace
The Doge's Palace (Palazzo Ducale; Pałaso Dogal) is a palace biggit in Venetian Gothic style, an ane o the main laundmerks o the ceety o Venice in northren Italy. The palace wis the residence o the Doge o Venice, the supreme authority o the umwhile Republic o Venice, openin as a museum in 1923. The day, it is ane o the 11 museums run bi the Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia.
Kronstadt
Kronstadt (Кроншта́дт), an aa spelled Kronshtadt, Cronstadt (Krone for "crown" an Stadt for "ceety"; Retusaari, Kroonlinn), is a municipal toun in Kronshtadtsky Destrict o the federal ceety o St. Petersburg, Roushie, locatit on Kotlin Island, 30 km wast o St. Petersburg proper near the heid o the Gulf o Finland. Population:
El Rosal, Cundinamarca
El Rosal is a municipality an toun o Colombie in the depairtment o Cundinamarca.
Kronstadt
One of the first Governors o Kronstadt was a veteran o the Ryal Scots Navy, Admiral Thomas Gordon who wa a refugee in Roushie from the Treaty o Union wi Ingland and became Commander-in-chief o the Kronstadt base from 1727 to 1741.
Twin touns an sister ceeties
Kronstadt is twinned wi:
Aurora, Illinois
Aurora, a suburb o Chicago, is a ceety predominantly in Kane Coonty an DuPage Coonty, wi portions extendin intae Kendall an Will coonties.
Zipacón
Zipacón is a municipality an toun o Colombie in the depairtment o Cundinamarca.
Trecase
Trecase is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan Ceety o Naples in the Italian region Campanie, locatit aboot 15 km sootheast o Naples. As o 31 Dizember 2004, it haed a population o 9,117 an a aurie o 6.1 km².
Trecase borders the follaein municipalities: Boscotrecase, Ercolano, Ottaviano, Torre Annunziata, Torre del Greco.
Max Vasmer
Max Julius Friedrich Vasmer (28 Februar 1886 – 30 November 1962) wis a Roushie-born German lingueest who studiet problems o etymology o Indo-European, Finno-Ugric an Turkic leids an wirkit on history o Slavic, Easter, Iranian, an Finno-Ugric fowks.
The Roushie translation o Vasmer's dictionar wi extensive commentars bi Oleg Trubachyov wis printit in 1964–73. It is the maist authoritative soorce for Slavic-leids etymology tae this day. The Roushie version is available on Sergei Starostin's Touer o Babel wab steid.
Anither monumental wirk led bi Max Vasmer wis the compilation o a multi-volume dictionar o Roushie names o rivers an ither bouks o watter. He wis the initiator o a even mair major project, completit bi a team o wirkers efter his daith: the creation o a monumental (11 volumes) gazetteer that includit virtually aw names o populatit places in Roushie foond baith in pre-revolutionar an Soviet soorces.
Gemonio
Gemonio is a comune (municipality) in the Province o Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, locatit aboot 60 km northwast o Milan an aboot 14 km northwast o Varese. As o 31 Dizember 2004, it haed a population o 2,702 an a aurie o 3.7 km².
Gemonio borders the follaein municipalities: Azzio, Besozzo, Brenta, Caravate, Cittiglio, Cocquio-Trevisago.
In Gemonio lives Umberto Bossi
Matt Dillon
Matthew Raymond "Matt" Dillon (born Februar 18, 1964) is an American actor an film director.