cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
São Paulo (state)
Wi ower forty million inhabitants, São Paulo is the maist populous state in Brazil an the third maist populous poleetical unit o Sooth Americae, anerlie surpassed bi that kintra an Colombie, aheid o aw ither Sooth American kintras. Its population is mair diverse descends mainly frae Brazil an Portuguese who wur the first Europeans tae set eyes on Brazil an installed the first veelages in Brazil in exactly the state o Sao Paulo an Italian immigrants, Native Americans, Africans an ither muckle migratory flows, as Arabs, Germans, Spaingie an Japanese. The caipital ceety is the saxt lairgest ceety on the planet an its metropolitan aurie, wi 19,223,897 inhabitants, is the saxt mucklest urban agglomeration in the warld.
Regions vera near the ceety o São Paulo are an aa metropolitan auries o the state, as Campinas an Santos; ither nearbi ceeties include urban auries in the conurbation process, as São José dos Campos, Sorocaba an Jundiaí. The total population o these auries coupled wi the caipital - the so-cawed Expandit Metropolitan Complex - exceeds 29 million inhabitants, approximately 75% o the population o São Paulo state-wide. The metropolitan regions o Campinas an São Paulo nou form the first macro-metropolis in the soothren hemisphere, joinin 65 kintras that thegither are hame tae 12% o the population.
Puerto Williams
Puerto Williams (Spainyie for "Port Williams") is a Chilean port, locatit on Isla Navarino facin the Beagle Channel. It is the caipital o the Chilean Antarctic Province, ane o fower provinces locatit in the Magallanes an Antártica Chilena Region an admeenisters the communes o Chilean Antarctic Territory an Cabo de Hornos. It haes a population o 2,874, includin baith naval personnel an civilians. Puerto Williams is in some contexts referred tae as the warld's soothmaist ceety.
The dounset wis namit efter John Williams Wilson, who foondit Fuerte Bulnes, the first dounset in the Strait o Magellan syne 1587. Puerto Luisa wis its oreeginal name. Syne its foondation in 1953 the dounset haes servit primarily as a naval base. But recently navy personnel livin in Puerto Williams hae decreased while civil population haes increased. In recent years tourism haes contributit tae an increase in economic activity at Puerto Williams. Universidad de Magallanes haes a varsity centre in Puerto Williams.
Puerto Williams is port o entry an major hub for scienteefic activity linkit tae Antarcticae an the islands sooth o Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego. The Universidad de Magallanes haes a varsity centre in Puerto Williams an wather stations an lichthooses in Cape Horn an Diego Ramírez Islands are suppleed frae Puerto Williams. Puerto Williams haes been instrumental for assertin sovereignty aroond Cape Horn an supportin Chile's Antarctic bases. The port is frequently visitit bi tourists goin tae Cape Horn or Antarctica an aw an haes a tourism industrie developit aroond the concept o "the warld's maist soothren ceety". The Chilean Navy runs the Guardiamarina Zañartu Airport an hospital as well as nearbi meteorological stations. Puerto Williams serves as proveesion an service centre for fishermen an aw an haes an is uised bi the Chilean navy an aw tae enforce the Chile's fishin richts in the Exclusive economic zone aroond the soothren pairt o Tierra del Fuego whaur lucrative lithodes santolla fishin is an important industrie.
History
The Yahgan fowk wur the first indwallers o the region that became kent tae Europeans in the early sixteenth century, but it wis no till the 19t century that Europeans stairtit tae be interestit in the zone an its fowks. In 1890 thare war approximately 300 goldminers in the Picton, Lennox an Nueva islands an Puerto Toro which wis foondit in 1892. Puerto Navarino, on the wast side o the Navarino island, wis foondit in Juin 1938. Puerto Williams itsel wis foondit 1953 an its naval hospital wis inauguratit in 1960 wi 463 m2 (the day 638 m2). In 2002 the electrical pouer supply wis transferred frae the Chilean Navy tae a private provide.
Accordin tae the Treaty o Peace an Friendship o 1984 atween Chile an Argentinae Puerto Williams is the stairt pynt for vessels o aw naitions in traffec atween the Straits o Magellan an Argentine ports in the Beagle Channel.
Demografie
Based on some definitions o wha a ceety is Puerto Williams coud be the soothmaist ceety in the warld. Chilean media an Puerto Williams admeenistration report it tae be the soothmaist ceety in the warld. Atween 1982 an 2002 the population o Puerto Williams grew frae 1,059 tae 2,874. Puerto Williams, syne 1982, is considered an urban entity bi Chile's Naitional Statistics Institute (INE), awtho the depairtment itsel classifees a ceety tae be an urban entity wi mair nor 5,000 residents
Local celebrations
Glorias Navales Regata: In the last week o Mey, thare is a sailin competeetion wi sailors frae aw pairts o the warld. The competeetion is on its 7t session an haes mair nor 300 pairticipants ivery year. The journey stairts frae the ceety's port an tak the fjords route. The regatta is pairt o the Chilean Navy's Month o the Sea activities that conmemorates the Naval battle o Iquique in 1879.
Fiesta de la nieve: Celebratin the winter saison on Julie, the ceety celebrates the winter wi snaw gemmes, caurs an rodeos, in a celebration that last 6 days.
Climate
The climate o Puerto Williams is a subpolar oceanic climate (Cfc) accordin tae the Köppen climate classification. The simmers are short, ceul while the winters lang, wet, but yet moderatit. Rainfaw is aroond 3000 mm a year an temperaturs are steady throuoot the year. Snawfaw can occur in simmer. The cauld an wet simmers help preserve glaciers. Exposed auries aroond Puerto Williams possess subantarctic climate teepical o tundra that maks the growthe o trees impossible. Regions in the warld wi seemilar climates tae soothren Tierra del Fuego are: Aleutian islands, Iceland, Alaska Peninsulae an Faroe Islands.
Tourism
Thare is a five day hiking circuit aroond the jaggit pinnacles kent as the Dientes de Navarino. The trail passes peaks kent as Cerro Clem an Montes Lindenmayer, namit in 2001 bi the Chilean Meenistry o Natural Resoorces for the author o the Lonely Planet guide.
Transport
Access is bi daily air service providit bi Aerovías DAP or bi weekly ro-ro ferry 'Bahía Azul' frae Punta Arenas, 350 km tae the north. Thare is nae regular link wi Argentinae an connection tae Ushuaia is restrictit.
Naval base
Puerto Williams is ane o the principal naval bases o the Chilean Navy. The base is uised as stairt pynt for patrol, reconnaissance missions an rescues in the auries o Beagle Channel, Cape Horn, Drake's Passage an the Antarctic Peninsulae. The Chilean Navy operates Guardia Marina Zañartu Airport an the Naval Hospital of Puerto Williams in Puerto Williams. Navy personnel maks up a considerable portion o the population awtho the navy personnel population haes diminished in recent years. The follaein patrol boats an ships are stationed at Puerto Williams:
The bow section o the Yelcho, the tug uised bi Ernest Shackleton tae rescue men strandit on Elephant Island can be seen at the front o the Naval heidquairters.
Zapotiltic
Zapotiltic is a municipality an toun in Jalisco, Mexico.
Toponimia
Zapotiltic come frae the Nahuatl wirds, "Tzápotl" (zapote) y "tlíitic" (black); that means: "place o the black zapotes". This name wis adoptit due tae the abundance o this fruit on the aurie in the past.
San Gabriel
San Gabriel, Spaingie for Saunt Gabriel, mey mean:
Zapotiltic
Toponimia
Park y reservs
Kolkata
Kolkata served as the caipital o Indie durin the Breetish Raj till 1901. It is said that the Breetish coud no cope up wi the lang lastin monsoons in Eastren Indie an fled tae northren Indie, an merked New Delhi as the new Naitional Caipital. The ceety is notit for its revolutionary history, rangin frae the Indian struggle for unthirldom tae the leftist an trade union movements. Ance the centre o modren eddication, science, cultur an politics in Indie, Kolkata witnessed economic stagnation in the years follaein Indie's unthirldom in 1947. Housomeivver, syne the year 2000, an economic rejuvenation haes led tae an acceleration in the ceety's growthe. Lik ither metropolitan ceeties o Indie, Kolkata continues tae struggle wi urbanisation problems lik poverty, pollution an traffic congestion.
Sister ceeties
Kolkata haes sister ceety relationships wi the follaein ceeties o the warld.
Santa Cruz de Salinas
Santa Cruz de Salinas is a municipality in the northeast o the Brazilian state o Minas Gerais. Its population in 2007 wis 5,192 inhabitants in a total aurie o 587 km².
The main economic activities are cattle raisin an fermin. The GDP wis R$11,710,000 (2005). There wur nae bankin agencies in 2006. In aw the municipality thare wur 63 automobiles in 2007, a ratio o ane automobile for ivery 80 inhabitants. In the rural aurie thare wur 808 ferms wi aroond 2,500 fowk involvit in the agricultural sector. There wur 2 tractors, a ratio o ane tractor for ivery 400 ferms. The main crops wur coffee, citrus fruits, sugarcane, beans, manioc, an corn. In the health sector thare wur 4 health clinics an nae hospitals. The score on the Municipal Human Development Index wis 0.599 (2000). This rankit Rubelita 836 oot o 853 municipalities in the state, wi Poços de Caldas in first place wi 0.841 an Setubinha in last place wi 0.568. See Frigoletto for the complete leet.
Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a membrane boond organelle foond in maist eukaryotic cells (the cells that mak up plants, ainimals, fungi, an mony ither forms o life). Some cells in some multicellular organisms mey houiver lack them (for emsaumple, matur mammalian reid bluid cells). A nummer o unicellular organisms, sic as microsporidia, parabasalids, an diplomonads, hae an aa reduced or transformed thair mitochondria intae ither structurs. Tae date, anerly ane eukaryote, Monocercomonoides, is kent tae hae completely lost its mitochondria. The wird mitochondrion comes frae the Greek μίτος, mitos, "threid", an χονδρίον, chondrion, "granule" or "grain-lik". Mitochondria generate maist o the cell's supplee o adenosine triphosphate (ATP), uised as a soorce o chemical energy.
Mitochondria are commonly atween 0.75 an 3 μm in diameter but vairy conseederably in size an structur. Unless speceefically steened, thay are nae veesible. In addeetion tae suppleein cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in ither tasks, sic as signalin, cellular differentiation, an cell daith, as weel as mainteenin control o the cell cycle an cell growthe. Mitochondrial biogenesis is turn aboot temporally coordinatit wi thir cellular processes. Mitochondria hae been implicatit in several human diseases, includin mitochondrial disorders, cardiac dysfunction, hert failyie an autism.
The nummer o mitochondria in a cell can vairy widely bi organism, tishie, an cell teep. For instance, reid bluid cells hae na mitochondria, whauras liver cells can hae mair nor 2000. The organelle is componed o compartments that cairy oot specialised functions. Thir compairtments or regions include the ooter membrane, the intermembrane space, the inner membrane, an the cristae an matrix.
Awtho maist o a cell's DNA is conteened in the cell nucleus, the mitochondrion haes its awn independent genome that shaws substantial seemilarity tae bacterial genomes. Mitochondrial proteins (proteins transcrived frae mitochondrial DNA) vairy dependin on the tishie an the species. In humans, 615 distinct teeps o protein hae been identifee'd frae cardiac mitochondria, whauras in rats, 940 proteins hae been reportit. The mitochondrial proteome is thocht tae be dynamically regulatit.
Ayn al-Bayda, Sirie
Ayn al-Bayda (عين البيضة) is a toun in northwastren Sirie, admeenistratively pairt o the Latakia Govrenorate, locatit north o Latakia. Nearbi localities include Al-Shamiyah an Burj Islam tae the wast, al-Bahluliyah an Mashqita tae the east an Mushayrafet al-Samouk tae the soothwast. Accordin tae the Sirie Central Bureau o Statistics, Ayn al-Bayda haed a population o 1,629 in the 2004 census.
Locharbriggs
Locharbriggs is a veelage in the historical coonty o Dumfriesshire in Dumfries an Gallowa, Scotland. It is locatit near the Lochar Watter, 2.7 mile nor'nor'east o the toun o Dumfries. It wis ane o several veelages that stuid on the edge o Lochar Moss that wis lairgely reclaimt in the 19t century. Accordin til the 2011 Census, the Locharbriggs quarter (that includes neebourin Heathhall) was 6,031.
Locharbriggs is kent for the quarrelin o kenspeckle reid saundstane that his been uised for biggins in touns and ceetys includin Dumfries, Glesga, an Edinburgh. The stane his an aw been exportit forder afield, includin for the biggin o the steps o the Statue o Leeberty in New York Ceety in the Unitit States. Anely ae quarrel noo remeens acteeve.
The veelage's amenities include bus services, three local shaps, a public hoose (the Lochar Inn), a social club, a Chinese cairy-oot, a fish an chip shap, hairdressers, a community center. a leebrary, and a primary schuil.
Auld Norse
Auld Norse is a North Germanic leid that wis spoken bi indewllers o Scandinavie an indewllers o thair owerseas settlements in the Viking Age, till aboot 1300.
The chyngin processes that distinguish Auld Norse frae its aulder form, Proto-Norse, wis maistly concludit aroond the 8t century, an anither transitional period that led up til the modren descendants o Auld Norse (i.e., the modren North Germanic leids) stairtit in the mid- tae late 14t century, wi that endin the leid phase kent as Auld Norse. Thit dates, housomeivver, arenae absolute. For insaumple, a bodie can still fin written Auld Norse weel intae the 15t century.
The first major dialectal distinctions in the leid arose in the Auld East Norse, Auld Wast Norse, an Auld Gutnish byleids. Thare nae clear geographical boundary atween the Eastren an Wastren byleids. Auld East Norse traits wis foun in eastren Norawa an Auld West Norse traits wis foun in wastren Swaden. Maist speakers o Auld Norse byleids spak the Auld East Norse dialect haein springheid in whit is present-day Denmark an Swaden. Auld Gutnish, the mair obscure dialectal branch, is whiles includit in the Old East Norse dialect due tae geographical associations. It skares traits wi baith Auld Wast Norse an Auld East Norse but haed developed on its ain an aw.
The 12t century Icelandic Gray Goose Laws state that Swedes, Norses, Icelanders an Danes spak the same leid, dǫnsk tunga. Speakers o the eastren dialect, spoken in Swaden an Denmark, wad hae said dansk tunga ("Dens tongue") or norrønt mál ("Nordic leid") tae name thair leid. Gradually, Old Norse splintered intae the modren North Germanic leids: Icelandic, Faroese, Norse, Dens an Swadish; but mutual intelligibility hisnae fully sauntit.
In some instances the term Auld Norse mey refer speceifically tae whit is here cawed Auld Wast Norse.
Crassulaceae
Crassulaceae, or the orpine faimily, are a faimily o dicotyledons. They store watter in their succulent leafs. They are foond warldwide, but maistly occur in the Northren Hemisphere an soothern Africae, teepically in dry an/or cauld auries whaur watter mey be scarce. The faimily includes aboot 1,400 species in 33 genera.
Owerview
Nae memmer o this faimily is an important crop plant, but mony are popular for horticultur; mony memmers hae a bizarre intriguin appearance, an is quite hardy, teepically needin anly minimal care. Familiar species include the Jade plant or "friendship tree", Crassula ovata an "Florists' Kalanchoe", Kalanchoe blossfeldia.
Classification athin the faimily is difficult acause mony o the species hybridise readily, baith in the wild an in cultivation. Some aulder classifications included Crassulaceae in Rosales, but newer schemes treat them in the order Saxifragales.
Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM photosynthesis) is named efter the faimily, acause the paithwey wis first discovered in crassulacean plants.
Yerazgavors
Yerazgavors (Երազգավորս, an aa Romanized as Erazgavors; umwhile, Aralykh) is a toun in the Shirak Province o Armenie. In 892, King Smbat I wis crouned at Yerazgavors. The new toun wis relocatit a few km further east frae its oreeginal location.
Etymology
See Erazgawors for etymology.
Corrientes Province
Corrientes (, Currents or Streams; Taragui Tetãmini) is a province in northeast Argentinae, in the Mesopotamie region. It is surroondit bi (frae the North, clockwise): Paraguay, the province o Misiones, Brazil, Uruguay, an the provinces o Entre Rios, Santa Fe an Chaco.
Poleetical diveesion
The province is dividit intae 25 depairtments (departamentos):
Depairtment (Caipital)
Riga
Riga (Rīga, ) is the caipital an lairgest ceety o Latvie, a major industrial, commercial, cultural an financial centre o the Baltics, an an important seaport, situatit on the mouth o the Daugava. Wi 706,413 inhabitants (2010), it is the lairgest ceety o the Baltic states an third-lairgest in the Baltic region, ahint Saunt Petersburg an Stockholm (coontin residents athin the ceety limits). Riga's territory covers 307.17 km2 (118.60 sq mi) an lies atween 1 an 10 metres (3.3 an 33 ft) abuin sea level, on a flat an sandy plain.
Etymology
Ane theory for the oreegin o the name Riga is that it is a corruptit borraein frae the Liv ringa meanin luip, referrin tae the auncient natural harbour formed bi the tributary luip o the Daugava. The ither is that Riga awes its name tae this awready-established role in commerce atween East an Wast, as a borraein o the Latvian rija, for threshin barn, the "j" becomin a "g" in German—notably, Riga is cried Rie bi Inglis geographer Richard Hakluyt (1589), an German historian Dionysius Fabricius (1610) confirms the oreegin o Riga frae rija. Anither theory coud be that Riga wis named efter Riege, the German name for the River Rīdzene, a tributary o the Daugava.
Twin touns — Sister ceeties
Riga maintains sister ceety relationships wi the follaein ceeties:
Saunt Philip
Saunt Philip, São Filipe, or San Felipe mey refer tae:
Fowk
Institutions
Places in the Americas
Places elsewhaur
Metalcore
Metalcore is a fusion genre combinin various elements o extreme metal an hardcore punk. The name o it is a portmanteau o the names o the twa genres. The term teuk on its current meanin in the mid-1990s, describing baunds sic as Earth Crisis, Deadguy an Integrity. The earliest o thir groups, Integrity, began performin in 1988; some modren practitioners o the genre include Killswitch Engage, Underoath, All That Remains, As I Lay Dying an The Devil Wears Prada. Metalcore is distinguished frae ither punk metal fusions bi its emphasis on breakdowns: slower, intense passages conducive tae moshin. The genre haes haed a saturation o baunds in the last five years. Sepultura haes been creditit tae "lay the foundation" for the genre.
16 Juin
The 16t o Juin is the 167t day o the year (168t in lowp years) in the Gregorian Calendar, wi 198 days ti come.
Kleve (destrict)
Kleve or Kreis Kleve (Cleves in umwhile Inglis uise) is a Kreis (local-govrenment destrict) in northwastren North Rhine-Westphalie, Germany. Neeebourin destricts are Borken, Wesel, an Viersen in Germany, an the Dutch provinces o Limburg an Gelderland.
History
The destrict in its present borders wis creatit in 1975 when the umwhile destrict o Kleve an Geldern wis mergit wi the Rees Destrict touns o Emmerich an Rees an the Moers Destrict municipality o Rheurdt.
The twa precursor destricts haed been creatit in 1816 when the whole o the Rhineland became a province o Prussia. Territorially they corresponded roughly tae the historic duchies o Cleves an Guelders.
Geography
The district is located in the lower valley of the Rhine, in the region where that river flows into the Netherlands.
Coat o airms
The coat o airms, which wis grantit in 1983, combines the shields o the twa constituent duchies.
The dexter side depicts the emblem o the dukes o Cleves: On a red (gules) field a white (argent) escutcheon (shield shape) wi an aichtfauld fleur-de-lys (escarbuncle/metal shield reinforcement). The sinister side shows a gowden (or) lion (in rampant position) on a blue (azure) field (backgrund): the emblem o the dukes o Geldern.
Córdoba Province, Argentinae
Córdoba is a province o Argentinae, locatit in the centre o the kintra. Neebourin provinces are (clockwise frae the north): Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, Buenos Aires, La Pampa, San Luis, La Rioja an Catamarca. Thegither wi Santa Fe an Entre Ríos, the province is pairt o the economic an poleetical association kent as the Center Region.
Córdoba is the seicont maist populous Argentine province, wi 3,308,876 inhabitants, an the fift bi size, at aboot 165,321 km². Amaist 41% o its inhabitantes reside in the caipital ceety, Córdoba, an its surroondins, makkin it the seicont maist populous metro aurie in Argentinae.
Poleetical diveesions
The province is dividit in 26 regions or depairtments (departamentos) here leetit wi their regional caipitals.
Bau-Bau
Baubau is the main ceety on Buton island, Indonesie. Baubau reached the ceety status on 21 Juin 2001, based on the Indonesian law nummer 13, year 2001. A port cried Murhum serves the ceety sea transportation wi a ferry terminal (jetty) operatit bi the Indonesian state-awned sealiner, Pelni.
Zapotitlán, Puebla
Zapotitlán is a toun an municipality in Puebla in sooth-eastren Mexico.
Bau-Bau
History
Durin the fifteent century (1401—1499), Bau-Bau wis the centre o the Buton (or Wolio) kinrick. Thare wur nae historical records kent frae this kinrick, except frae a description in the Nagarakretagama text, an Auld Javanese eulogy written bi Mpu Prapanca durin the Majapahit Kinrick. Mpu Prapanca describit a veelage cawed Buton or Butuni wi its gairden an irrigation seestem, an thare wis a keeng ruled in the aurie.
The kinrick o Buton firstly established bi Mia Patamiana, a fower musketeer actit as a chieftain. The fower musketeer wut kent as Sipanjonga, Simalui, Sitamanajo an Sijawangkati, based on a historical record Semenanjung Tanah Melayu (or the Malay peninsula record) written in the thirteent century. Thay arrived on the island an foondit a veelage cawed Wolio an appointit smaw destrict leaders kent as Limbo. Later, thay unitit intae the kinrick o Button an appointit Wa Kaa Kaa as the first queen in 1332; she wis the wife o ane o descendants o the Majapahit ruler.
In 1542, the kinrick o Button transformed itsel intae sultanate when Islam entered the aurie. The first sultan o Button wis Lakilaponto, entitled as the Sultan Murhum Kaimuddin Khalifatul Khamis. The last sultan (the 38t) wis Muhammad Falihi Kaimuddin in 1960.
Geography
Geographically, Bau-bau lies atween lattitute 5.21°S–5.33°S an langitude 122.30°E–122.47°E, or lies on the soothren pairt o sooth east Sulawesi region. Bau-Bau is bordered at the north bi the Buton strait, the east bi the Kapontori subdistrict, the sooth bi the Pasarwajo subdestrict an the wast bi the Kadatua subdestrict. The aurie o the ceety is aboot 221–km2, wi the sea aurie aroond 30–km2
The topographical condeetion o Bau-Bau mainly consists o muntain an hills. Lang coasts an lang hills stretch abuin the surroondin terrain wi the variation o altitude atween 0–100 meters abuin mean sea level. Bau-bau haes land slope atween 8–30%.
Demographics
The population o the ceety is estimatit at 120,000 fowk, consistin mainly o the Butonese, Buginese, Moluccan, Javanese, Sundanese an Chinese fowk. The ceety economy lies on the service industry sic as hotel (30%), tred (20%) wi maistly sea tred, agricultural (20%) wi main coconut production, an the rest are in public transportation business. Bau-Bau is an' a' a major fishin centre in Sulawesi aurie producin trepang (sea cucumber).
Transportation
Port Murhum serves the ceety's, an an' a' the island's, main access for transportation. Direct sea connections include Jakarta an Kendari. The follaein passenger ships o the Indonesian state-awned sealiner company PT Pelni serve Bau-Bau: KM Bukit Siguntang, KM Ciremai, KM Dorolonda, KM Kelimutu, KM Sinabung, an KM Lambelu (2008 sailing schedule ). Transportation bi air plane can be done three times a week throu the Makassar
Mark Zuckerberg
Mark Elliot Zuckerberg (born 14 Mey 1984) is an American computer programmer an Internet entrepreneur. He is the foonder an CEO o Meta Platforms, an wis named Time magazine's "Person o the Year" in 2010.
Germans
The Germans (Deutsche) are a Germanic ethnic group native tae Central Europe. The Inglis/Scots term Germans haes referred tae the German-speakin population o the Holy Roman Empire syne the Late Middle Ages. Legally, Germans are ceetizens o the Federal Republic o Germany.
O approximately 100 million native speakers o German in the warld, aboot 66–75 million consider thairsels Germans. Thare are an additional 80 million fowk o German ancestry mainly in the Unitit States, Brazil, Canadae, Argentinae, Fraunce, Roushie, Chile, Poland, Australie an Romanie (who maist likely are no native speakers o German). Sicweys, the tot nummer o Germans warldwide lees atween 66 an 160 million, dependin on the criteria appleed (native speakers, single-ancestry ethnic Germans, pairtial German ancestry, etc.).
The day, fowks frae kintras wi a German-speakin majority or significant German-speakin population groups ither than Germany, sic as Austrick, Swisserland, Liechtenstein an Luxembourg, hae developit thair awn naitional identity an uisually dae no refer tae thairsels as "Germans" in a modren context.
Native speakers
Global distribution o native speakers o the German leid:
Geographic distribution
Some groups mey be classifeed as Ethnic Germans despite nae langer haein German as thair mither tongue or belangin tae a destinct German cultur. Till the 1990s, twa million Ethnic Germans livit throughoot the umwhile Soviet Union, pairticularly in Roushie an Kazakhstan.
In the Unitit States 1990 census, 57 million fowk wur fully or pairtly o German ancestry, formin the lairgest single ethnic group in the kintra. States wi the heichest percentage o Americans o German strynd are in the northren Midwast (especially Wisconsin, Minnesota, North Dakota, Sooth Dakota, Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan) an the Mid-Atlantic state, Pennsylvania. But Germanic immigrant enclaves existit in mony ither states (e.g., the German Texans an the Denver, Colorado aurie) an tae a lesser extent, the Paceefic Northwast (i.e. Idaho, Montana, Oregon an Washington state).
Notable Ethnic German minorities exist in ither Anglosphere kintras sic as Canadae (approx. 10% o the population) an Australie (approx. 4% o the population) an aw. As in the Unitit States, maist fowk o German strynd in Canadae an Australie hae amaist completely assimilatit, culturally an linguistically, intae the Inglis-speakin mainstream.
Distribution o German ceetizens an fowk claimin German ancestry:
Derbentsky Destrict
Admeenistrative an municipal status
Derbent serves as the admeenistrative centre o the destrict, awtho it is no admeenistratively a pairt o it an is incorporatit separately as a ceety—an admeenistrative diveesion equal in status tae that o the destricts. Municipally, Derbent is separate frae the destrict an aw an is incorporatit as Derbent Urban Okrug.
Santa Coloma de Gramenet
Santa Coloma de Gramenet (informally simply kent as Santa Coloma; historically kent as Gramenet del Besòs an aw) is a ceety in Catalonie, Spain. It is seetiatit on the sooth-east side o the Litoral range, wi the Puig Castellar (299 m) as its heichest point, on the left bank o the Besòs river: the municipalities o Sant Adrià de Besòs an Badalona separate it frae the coast. It is essentially a banlieue (or suburb) o Barcelona.
In November 2008, the ceety made warldwide news bi pittin solar panels on tap o crypts in the local cemetery, in an ettlin tae help fecht aff climate change.
Magaramkentsky Destrict
Magaramkentsky Destrict (Магарамкентский райо́н) is aan administrative and municipal district (raion), ane o the forty-ane in Dagestan, Roushie. It is locatit in the sootheast o the republic. The area o the diestrict is 654.6 km2. Its admeenistrative centre is the landwart locality (a selo) o Magaramkent. Population: 58,694 (2002 Census);  The population o Magaramkent accoonts for 11.2% o the destrict's total population.
La Compañia
As o 2005, the municipality haed a total population o 3367.
Cascais
Cascais is a coastal toun an municipality in Portugal, 30 kilometres wast o Lisbon, wi aboot 35,000 residents. It is a cosmopolitan suburb o the Portuguese caipital an ane o the richest municipalities in Portugal. The umwhile fishin veelage gained fame as a resort for Portugal's ryal family in the late 19t century an early 20t century. Nouadays, it is a popular vacation spot for baith Portuguese an foreign tourists. It is locatit in the Estoril Coast (named efter Estoril, a ceevil parish), in the Greater Lisbon subregion. It haes an airport for general aviation servin the Lisbon Region in Tires (S. Domingos de Rana), Aeroporto Municipal de Cascais.
History
The coastal dounset o Cascais oreeginatit in the 12t century, dependin admeenistratively on the toun o Sintra, locatit tae the north. In its humble beginnins, Cascais lived frae the products o the sea an land, but aaready in the 13t century, its fish production served the caipital Lisbon, locatit nearbi. Durin the 14t century, the population increased tae the ootside o the waws o its castle. Its prosperity led tae the admeenistrative unthirldom frae Sintra in 1364. The veelage an its surroondins wur awned bi a feudal laird; the maist famous o them wis João das Regras (dee'd 1404), a lawyer an professor o the University o Lisbon that wis involved in the ascension o Keeng John I tae pouer as the first King o the Hoose o Aviz.
Syne the Middle Ages, Cascais lived frae fishin, maritime commerce (it wis a stap for ships sailin tae Lisbon), an frae agricultur, producin wine, olive ile, cereals, an fruits. Due tae its location close tae the Tagus estuary, it wis an aa seen as a strategic post in the defence o Lisbon. Aroond 1488, Keeng John II biggit a sma fortress in the veelage, locatit bi the sea. This medieval fortress wis no enough tae repel the invasion an in 1580, Spainyie troops led bi the Duke o Alba teuk the veelage durin the conflict that led tae the union o the Portuguese an Spainyie crouns. The fortress wis enlairged towards the end o the 16t century bi Keeng Philip I (Philip II o Spain), turnin it intae a teepical renaissance citadel wi the characteristic flat profile an starn-shaped floorplan. Various fortresses wur biggit on the coast aroond Cascais durin the 17t century, an mony o them still exist.
In 1755, the great Lisbon earthquake destroyed a lairge portion o the veelage. Aroond 1774, the Marquis o Pombal, prime-meenister o Keeng José I, teuk protective measures for the commercialisation o the wine o Carcavelos an established the Ryal Factory o Oo in the veelage, which existit till the early 19t century. Durin the invasion o Portugal bi Napoleonic troops in 1807, the citadel o Cascais wis occupee'd bi the French, wi General Junot stayin some time in the veelage.
This situation o decadence stairtit tae chynge when Keeng Luís II decidit tae turn the citadel o Cascais intae his simmer residence. Frae 1870 tae 1908, the Ryal Family came tae Cascais tae enjoy the sea, turnin the somnolent fishin veelage intae a cosmopolitan address. The citadel gained electric licht in 1878, the first in the kintra, thanks tae King Luís. The veelage gained better roads tae Lisbon an Sintra, a casino, a bullfecht rin, a sport club, an impruivements in the basic infrastructure for the population. The railwey arrived in 1889. Mony noble families biggit bonnie manions in Cascais, as can still be seen in the centre an surroondins o the toun.
In 1896, Keeng Carlos I, a lover o aw maritime activities, instawed in the citadel the first oceanographic laboratory in Portugal. The King hissel led a tot o 12 scienteefic expeditions tae the coast, anerlie endit in 1908 wi his assassination in Lisbon.
Anither important step in the touristic development o the aurie wis gien in the first hauf o the 20t century in neighbourin Estoril, in which a casino wis biggit an the infrastructur for luxury vacations wis creatit aroond Monte Estoril.
Due tae Portugal's neutrality in Warld War II an the toun's elegance an ryal past, Cascais became hame tae mony o the exiled ryal families o Europe, includin those o Spain, Italy, Hungary an Bulgarie.
Nouadays, Cascais an its surroondins are a famous vacation spot for the Portuguese an foreigners, aimin at baith the "jet-set" an normal tourism, who seek tae enjoy its beaches.
Tourism
The day, thare is a lairge yacht harbour an several sma saund beaches in an aroond toun. Cascais is easily reached frae Lisbon bi caur, (A5 Lisboa-Cascais heich-gate), or bi frequent inexpensive commuter trains. It haes the ruins o a castle, an airt an sea museum, as well as pairks an the chairmin cobbled streets o the historic centre. The toun haes mony hotels an tourist apairtments as well as mony guid restaurants o varyin cost. It is a fine base tae uise for those visitin Lisbon an its environs who prefer tae stay ootside o the ceety yet in an equally urban an sophisticatit environment.
Cascais is surroondit bi popular beaches, sic as Guincho Beach tae the wast, an the lush Sintra muntains tae the north. Some o its shoreline is cliff-y, attractin tourists for its seascapes an ither naitural sichts sic as the Boca do Inferno. It is an aa becomin a popular golf destination, wi ower 10 gowf courses nearby. Surfin, sailin, windsurfin, an kitesurfin are an aa popular in the region aroond Cascais due tae favourable wather, wind, an sea conditions. In 2007, Cascais wis the offeecial host o the ISAF Warld Championship in sailin for dinghies an racin yachts.
The municipality an aa hosts internaitional tennis an motorcyclin events an hostit for mony years the FIA F1 Portugal Grand Prix. The famous Estoril Casino is ane o the lairgest in Europe. Near the casino is the "Hotel Palácio" (Palace Hotel), a 5-star hotel whaur scenes o the James Bond movie On Her Majesty's Secret Service wur shot.
Twin touns — Sister ceeties
Cascais is twinned wi:
Louis Bonaparte
Louis Napoléon Bonaparte (2 September 1778 – 25 Julie 1846), Keeng o Holland (1806–10), kent as Lodewijk Napoleon in Dutch, wis the fift survivin bairn an the fowert survivin son o Carlo Buonaparte an Letizia Ramolino. His brither wis the first Emperor o the French, Napoleon I, an his son wis the last, Napoleon III.
Mairiage
Louis was married on 4 Januar 1802 he mairit Hortense de Beauharnais, the dochter o Alexandre de Beauharnais, Viscoont o Beauharnais an his wife Josephine Tascher de La Pagerie. Josephine was the first wife of Louis's brither Napoleon. Thus Hortense was also Louis's step-niece.
Federal subjects o Roushie
Roushie is a federation which, syne 1 Mairch 2008, consists o 83 federal subjects (субъект федерации, subyekt federatsii). They are kent as the constituent entities o the Roushie Federation. In 1993, when the Constitution o Roushie wis adoptit, there wur 89 federal subjects leetit. Bi 2008, the number o federal subjects haed been decreased tae 83 acause o several mergers.
The federal subjects are o equal federal richts in the sense that they hae equal representation— ilka ane haes twa delegates —in the Federation Cooncil (upper hoose o the Federal Assembly). They do, housomeivver, differ in the degree o autonomy they enjoy.
Types
Ilka federal subject belangs tae ane o the follaein types:
List
b. Accordin tae Airticle 13 o the Chairter o Leningrad Oblast, the govrenin bodies o the oblast are locatit in the ceety o St. Petersburg. Houiver, St. Petersburg is nae offeecially named tae be the admeenistrative centre o the oblast.
c. According to Article 24 o the Chairter o Moscow Oblast, the govrenin bodies o the oblast are locatit in the ceety o Moscow an ootthrou the territory o Moscow Oblast. Houiver, Moscow is nae offeecially named tae be the admeenistrative centre o the oblast.
d. Nae recognised internaitionally as a pairt o Roushie.
e. In Februar 2000, the umwhile code o 20 for the Chechen Republic wis cancelled an replaced wi code 95. License plate production wis suspendit due tae the Chechen Wars, causin numerous issues, that in turn forced the region tae uise a new code.
Leswalt
Leswalt is a veelage an ceevil pairish in the historical coonty o Wigtounshire in Dumfries an Gallowa, Scotland. It lies atween Portpaitrick and Stranrawer, in the Rhins o Gallowa. The pairish kivers aboot 8 square miles.
History
'Leswalt' is a name o unkent oreegins. Possible derivations for its name include the Welsh llys gwellt, meanin "gress court" or mebbe Scots Gaelic lios uillt, meanin "fort o the glen", referin tae Lochnaw Castle.
In the Middle Ages, the aurie wis likely dividen intae feudal baronys, ilk controlt bi a Baron o the Coort, unner the oweraw control o the Shirra o Wigtounshire. In auncient times it belangt tae the monks o Tongland Aibey.
In 1390, Archibald Douglas, 3rd Yerl o Douglas grantit launds at Leswalt tae his illegeetimate son or kin, William Douglas o Leswalt. William Douglas wis sel-styled "Laird o Leswalt", an Shirra o Wigton, bit wis dimitit bi Margaret, Duchess o Touraine, dochter o Keen Robert III o Scotland an guidwife o Archibald Douglas, 4t Yerl o Douglas, as a pairt o a pouer struggle in soothwast Scotland. Unner fear he transfert launds at Lochnaw til Andrew Agnew, constable o Lochnaw Castle, receivin Cruggleton Castle in exchange.
Andrew Agnew hid been made hereditary constable o Lochnaw Castle bi William Douglas o Leswalt in 1426. He received several chairters fae King James I o Scotland, includin ane o 31 Januar 1431, confirmin tae him an his heirs the office o heritable constable o Lochnaw, an the hale launds and "Barony o Lochnaw". In 1451 Andrew Agnew wis confirmt as Hereditary Shirra o Wigtounshire. In 1458 he wis peyed as shirra.
In 1463 whan George Douglas o Leswalt (son o William Douglas o Leswalt an Katherine Maxwell) dee'd, the launds o Leswalt and Cruggletoun revertit til the Croun, as a consequence o the forfietur o aw the houdins o William Douglas, 8t Yerl o Douglas in 1456. Thay wis appropriatit bi Mary o Guelders, the Queen Mither, weedae o King James II o Scotland, an wis subsequent claimt bi Gilbert Kennedy, 1st Laird Kennedy, a hauf-brither tae George Douglas, for his son, John Kennedy, 2t Laird Kennedy. Thir anes passt tae his son, David Kennedy, 1t Yerl o Cassilis.
Saut wis produce't at Salpans Bay in Leswalt fae 1637.
Pairish kirk
The Auld Kirk o Leswalt, noo ruint, is o medieval oreegin, haein been gien tae the monks o Tongland Aibey in the 14t century. The neebourin Agnew Aisle dates fae the 17t century. In 1828 the praisent kirk wis built an the auld ane abandont.
Lochnaw Castle
Lochnaw Castle wis hame til the Agnew Faimily. The ruins o the Auld Castle staund on an island in Lochnaw Loch, and date til the 13t century. The praisent castle incorporates a 16t century tour hoose, bit is maistly the upshot o remodelin in the 18t century.
Uspantán
Uspantán is a municipality in the Guatemalan depairtment o El Quiché. It is ane o the lairgest municipalities o El Quiché an stretches frae the muntainous heichlands in the sooth tae the tropical lawlands in the North. The municipal seat is in Villa de San Miguel Uspantán wi a population o 2,800. The birthplace o Nobel Peace Prize winner Rigoberta Menchú, a commonty namit Laj Chimel, is locatit Uspantán no far frae the municipal seat. Completion o pavin on the road in frae Chichicastenango haes brocht a sma tourist boom tae the toun.
Jrarat
Jrarrat or Jrarat or Djrarat or Dzhrarat mey refer tae:
Uspantán
The municipality includes the pre-Columbie Maya airchaeological steid o Chitinamit, believit tae be Jakawitz, the first caipital o the K'iche' Maya.
Hankavan
Hankavan (Հանքավան, an aa Romanized as Hank’avan, Ankavan an Hanqavan; umwhile, Mikhaylovka an Miskhana) is a toun in the Kotayk Province o Armenie alang in the Marmarik River belaw the Pambak Muntain Range. It is notit for its mineral springs, which wur uised as pairt o a sanitarium industry durin the Soviet period.
Zacualpa
Zacualpa is a municipality in the Guatemalan depairtment o El Quiché.
Hankavan
Demografics
Hankavan is ane o the last Greek commonties in Armenie. Afore you are in the veelage itsel, you can see a kirk an graveyard belaw you tae the left. The kirk wis biggit bi Greeks who escaped the 1827 genocide. Graves date back tae that early time. Aw aroond you can see Greek hames an gardens. Oreeginally 7 families immigratit tae this veelage, a number that grew tae a thrivin veelage o 250 families. Wha remains are aboot 50 families who trace their ancestry tae the Greek mainland.
Jerez de la Frontera
Jerez de la Frontera is a municipality in the province o Cádiz in the autonomous community o Andalusie in soothwastren Spain, situatit midway atween the sea an the mountains. As o 2008, the ceety the lairgest ceety in the province, haed 205,364 inhabitants; it is the fift lairgest in Andalusie. It haes become the transportation an communications hub o the province, surpassin even Cadiz, the provincial caipital, in economic activity. Jerez de la Frontera is an aw, in terms o land aurie, the lairgest municipality in the province, an its sprawlin ootlyin auries are a fertile zone for agricultur. There are an aw mony cattle ranches an horse-breedin operations, as well as a warld-renouned wine industry.
Kirkinner
Kirkinner is a veelage in the Machars, in the historical coonty o Wigtounshire, in Dumfries an Gallowa, Scotland. It is aboot 3 mile soothwast o Wigtoun, an it is boondit on the east bi Wigtoun Bay. alang whit is stends for aboot 3 mile, an on the north bi the River Blaidnoch.
History
Thare is a hill fort, Ring Hill, at North Balfern, near Orcharttoun Bay.
Doon Hill fort (that isna a dun), at Capenoch Craft, wast o Barnbarroch, occupee a rocky knowe that the grund faws awa brent til the east. Aroond the rim o the knowe thare is the remeens o a substantious stane waw, parrockin an aurie some 111.5 fit nor'east tae woothwast bi 98.5 fit thort. The ingang, 13 fit wide, is in the soothwast. Thare is a ditch aroond the steid o the knowe, forby on the east, whaur there is brent sclents. It his been cut throu leevin rock til the east o the ingang, and there is hints o a coonterscarb baunk on the nor'wast.
On 21 December 1560 thare wis "a Croun Confirmation o Feu Chairter o 21 December 1560 bi James Doddis, prior; Allan Peter, Rolland Tailzeor, John Gibson an Thomas Wryt, freers predicatores o the Convent o Wigtoun wi consent o the chaipter an o (Brither) John Grierson, Provincial o the Order, in augmentation o the Rental etc an for £1,000 Scots, in fauvour o (Sir) Alexander Stewart o Garroleis (Garlies) elder, and (Dame) Katherine Stewart, marraes, thegither for thair lifes, an Roberty Stewart, thair son an his lawfu heirs male, that failin, William Stewart (o Castle Stewart, Penninghame, Wigtounshire?), brither til the said Robert, that failin Anthony Stewart thair brither an aw, o the follaein launds and annual rents, ecclesiastical an secular."
Rev. Andrew Symson wis a meenister an the personal freend an pairish clergyman o David Dunbar at Kirkinner. He wrate a peom on the mornin o the funeral o Janet Dunbar (née Dalrymple) at Kirkinner in 1669 that micht hae been readen at the funeral. Her unco deith on the nicht o her mairiage forms the steid o the plot o Sir Walter Scott's The Bride of Lammermoor.
St Kennara's Cross
Juist aff Kirkinner's main street (A746 Whithorn road) staunds the pairish kirk o St Kennera (Cinnera or Cannera an aw). The 19t century kirk staunds on the site o a 13t-14t century steid an mebbe an even earlier monastic cell whaur bade the 4t century hermitess, Saunt Kennera. Inby the kirk staunds a 4 fit heich cross-leck datin fae the 10t century. On the stane is cairved a Celtic style disc-heidit cross. The stane leck is hid apparent stuid at the wastren side o the kirk for some time afore bein brocht intil the kirk for sauftie.
The pairish
There is twa different Timothy Pont maps c. 1650s shawin the Kirkinner aurie in Wigtounshire. Kirkinner pairish can be seen at the National Leebrary o Scotland, John Ainsley Map o 1782. The pairish wis whiles kent as Kirkinner an Langcastle Pairish, the pairish o Langcastle haein been annext intae Kirkinner in 1650. It was a pairish for ceevil and releegious purposes fae the 16t century until 1975.
19t an 20t centurys
Castelcruick wis locatit at or near Creuk o Baldoon, at the end o Shell Road on the anent side o Lane Burn tae Baldoon Castle. Creuk o Baldoon his been refert tae semple as Crook (1851 census), Cruick (1841 census), Cruik, Creoch, Crioch, and Friar's Cruik. Accordin til Around the Parish of Kirkinner it wis a pairt o the Baldoon estate in the 19t century.
The flet carse launds by River Blaidnoch wis hame til a Ryal Air Force field fae Warld War II. Lane Burn seems tae hae been divertit for the Baldoon Airfield, compare't wi the 1895 an praisent OS maps.
Eintracht Frankfurt
Eintracht Frankfurt, in Frankfurt, is ae German fitbaw club, that's competin in the Fußball-Bundesliga the nou, the heichest form o competeition in Germany. The team plays aw thair hame gemmes at Deutsche Bank Park (whiles kent as Waldstadion).
Kirkinner
19t an 20t centurys
Kirkinner railwey station wis locatit on the Newtoun Stewart tae Whithorn brainch lline. the station appent on 2 August 1875, bit closed tae passengers on 25 September 1950 an tae fraucht on 5 October 1964.
Naitional ensenyie
A state ensenyie is uised for tae descrieve the ettle or motivation o the state in a cutty phrase. For ensaumple, it can be includit on a kintra's coat o airms, cunyies or baunknotes. Some kintras chuises no tae hae a naitional ensenye.
Al-Bahluliyah
Al-Bahluliyah (البهلولية) is a toun in northwastren Sirie, admeenistratively pairt o the Latakia Govrenorate, locatit north o Latakia. Nearby localities include Al-Shamiyah an Burj Islam tae the wast, Sitmarkho an al-Qanjarah tae the soothwast an al-Haffah tae the sootheast. Accordin tae the Sirie Central Bureau o Statistics, al-Bahluliyah haed a population o 4,665 in the 2004 census.
Zapotitlán de Méndez
Zapotitlán de Méndez is a toun an municipality in Puebla in sooth-eastren Mexico.
Jrarat, Kotayk
Jrarat (Ջրառատ, an aa Romanized as Jrarrat, Dzhrarat, Djararat, an Dzhararat; umwhile, R'andamal, Randomal, Randamal, Randa, Rndamal, an Rantamah) is a toun in the Kotayk Province o Armenie. The ceety wis incorporatit in 1982 an is the centre o the dairy industrie.
Central Govrenorate
The Central Governorate (المحافظة الوسطى; transliterated: al-Muhafazah al-Wustah) is ane o the five govrenorates o Bahrain. It includes pairts o the umwhile municipalities o Al Mintaqah al Wusta, Ar Rifa' wa al Mintaqah al Janubiyah, Madinat 'Isa, Sitrah an A'ali.
Napoleon III
Louis Napoléon Bonaparte (20 Aprile 1808 – 9 Januar 1873) wis the anly Preses (1848–52) o the French Seicont Republic an, as Napoléon III, the Emperor (1852–70) o the Seicont French Empire.
Miami, Queensland
Miami is a suburb on the Gold Coast in Queensland, Australie. At the 2006 Census, Miami haed a population o 6,167.