cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Alberto Fujimori
Unner Peruvian law, tho, aw the sentences must run concurrently, wi a maximum lenth o imprisonment o twintie-five year.
Araneomorphae
The Araneomorphae (cried the Labidognatha an aw) are a suborder o speeders. Thay are distinguished bi havin fangs that oppose ilk ither an cross in a pinchin action, in contrast tae the Mygalomorphae (tarantulas an thair close kin), which hae fangs that are nearly parallel in alignment.
Idstedt
On 24-25 Julie 1850, the Battle o Isted endit the First Schleswig War.
Kõue Pairish
Kõue Pairish (Kõue vald) wis a landwart municipality in Harju Coonty, Estonie.
In October 2013, Kõue Pairish wis mergit wi neebourin Kose Pairish an tharefore ceased tae exist.
The municipality haed a population o 1,685 (as o 1 Januar 2009) an covers a aurie o 295.5 km². The population densitie is. The current mayor (vallavanem) is Ott Valdma.
Admeenistrative centre o the municipality is Ardu veelage, locatit 57 km frae Tallinn on the Tallinn–Tartu heich-gate. Thare wis a total o 38 veelages in Kõue Pairish: Aela, Äksi, Alansi, Ardu, Habaja, Harmi, Kadja, Kantküla, Katsina, Kirivalla, Kiruvere, Kõrvenurga, Kõue, Kukepala, Laane, Leistu, Lööra, Lutsu, Marguse, Nõmmeri, Nutu, Ojasoo, Pala, Paunaste, Paunküla, Puusepa, Rava, Riidamäe, Rõõsa, Saarnakõrve, Sääsküla, Sae, Silmsi, Triigi, Uueveski, Vahetüki, Vanamõisa, Virla.
Betty Williams (Nobel laureate)
Betty Williams (born 22 Mey 1943 in the ceety o Belfast in Northren Ireland; deed thair, 17 Mairch 2020), is a co-recipient wi Mairead Corrigan o the Nobel Peace Prize in 1976 for her wirk as a cofoonder o Community of Peace People, an organisation dedicatit tae promotin a peacefu resolution tae the Troubles in Northren Ireland.
Villa Lugano
Villa Lugano is a neebourheid in Buenos Aires, Argentinae, locatit in the sooth o the ceety. It haes a population o approximately 114,000 fowk.
Villa Lugano wis foondit in 1908, when Swiss ceetizen José Ferdinando Francisco Soldati (foonder o Sociedad Comercial del Plata) established a dounset namit for his hametoun o Lugano.
Soldati wis born on 30 Mey 1864 in Neggio, Ticino, Swisserland, near Lugano. He bocht a ferm near the current location o Calle Murguiondo an Avenida Riestra. The lots wur subdividit an wi the sale o the first parcels, Villa Lugano wis foondit on 18 October 1908.
The Villa Lugano station o the French-awned Ferrocarril Compañía General en la Provincia de Buenos Aires wis inauguratit in 1910; aboot 40 faimilies livit in Villa Lugano bi 1912. The law-leein aurie, kent oreeginally as the Bañado de Flores ("Flores Wetlands") grew slowly till flood-control wirks wur completit alang the Cildañez Stream in the 1960s. It haed developit a wirkin cless profile bi then, an became the steid o ane o the ceety's lairgest villa miseria slums. Villa Lugano wis chosen as the steid o the General Manuel Savio hoosin development. Built bi the Municipal Hoosin Commission atween 1970 an 1973, the complex wis the lairgest public hoosin development built in Buenos Aires, includin ower 12,000 hoosin units an becomin hame tae nearly 30,000 fowk. Borderin Villa Soldati tae the east, Villa Lugano wis separatit frae the umwhile bi municipal edict in 1972. The destrict wis connectit tae the Buenos Aires Subwey bi the Pre-Metro, inauguratit in 1987.
Cosolapa
Cosolapa is a toun an municipality in Oaxaca in sooth-wastren Mexico. The municipality covers an aurie o 149.27 km². It is pairt o the Tuxtepec Destrict o the Papaloapan Region.
As o 2005, the municipality haed a total population o 14,305.
Jeff Goldblum
JeffreyLynn "Jeff" Gold blum (born October 22, 1952) is an American actor.
Guarulhos
Guarulhos is the seicont lairgest ceety in the Brazilian  state o São Paulo an a suburb o São Paulo ceety itsel. In the last few years it haes ootgrown Campinas. The population in 2006 is 1,283,253, the densitie is 4,035.26 inh./km² an the aurie is 318 km². It is 12t lairgest incorporatit ceety in Brazil.
Owerview
Ranks 8t bi GDP amang Brazilian ceeties; 2nt in São Paulo state. (soorce:IBGE, Brazil's naitional institute o statistics. GDP bi ceeties report, published in 2005 wi data frae 2002).
The name comes frae the Tupi leid, an means Eaters, big-belliet fowk; a reference tae the oreeginal indigenous indwallers o the aurie.
The per caipita income for the municipality is R$12,793.
São Paulo-Guarulhos Internaitional Airport (GRU), ane o the main Brazilian airports, is locatit thare.
Mamonas Assassinas, a 1990s satirical pop/rock group, came frae Guarulhos.
The ceety is the seat o the Roman Catholic Diocese o Guarulhos.
History
Guarulhos wis foondit on December 8t 1560 bi the Jesuit priest Manuel de Paiva an entitled Nossa Senhora da Conceição. Its oreegin is linkt tae five ither sma veelages that wur in chairge o defendin the bundaries o São Paulo de Piratininga Village against the Tamoios, a wild tribe o Indians that lived in that region.
In the 16t Century, Guarulhos wis a strategic location: bordered the futur São Paulo’s Caipital an surroondit bi the rivers Tietê (sooth), an Cabuçu (east). On that same period wis established, for seemilar purposes, São Miguel Veelage, cried nouadays São Miguel Paulista Destrict.
In 1880, Guarulhos wis emancipatit frae São Paulo an namit Nossa Senhora da Conceição dos Guarulhos. Its current name, Guarulhos wis adoptit later, efter the enactment o the law # 1.021, on 6 November 1906.
The early twintiet century the ceety wis remarkt bi the dounset o railroads an the pouer electricity seestem (Licht & Power C.O.), bi numerous requests for the implantation o a telephone seestem, industrial biggins permits, bi commercial activities an public transportation.
Durin the 30’s the ceety witnessed the actions o the Federal Intervention, an the Constitutional Muivement (Reflections o the Revolution that markt the end o the "Auld Republic" durin the 30’s in Brazil).
In 1940 the Monteiro Lobato Municipal Library is foondit, in 1941 the first Health Center o the ceety, an ten year efter that the Holy Hoose o Mercy o Guarulhos is established. On that decade arrive in the municipality, industries frae different sectors: electricity; metallurgy; plastics; fuid; rubber; fuitwear; vehicles; clocks an leather.
In 1945 the São Paulo’s Air Base (BASP) wis transferred frae the Campo de Marte, a little airport in São Paulo, tae Cumbica neighborhood in Guarulhos.
In 1958 the Rotary Club establishes a branch in the ceety.
In 1963 The Commercial & Industrial Association o Guarulhos is foondit, nouadays the institution is cried Commerce & Business Association o Guarulhos (Associação Comercial e Empresarial de Guarulhos- ACE).
Wi the big buim o the Industrial sector, a lairge nummer o manpouer wis drawn. This new population established thairsels in urban aurie on a continuous process o land occupation. At this rate the population grew frae 35,000 in 1950 tae 101,000 in 1960, frae 237,000 in 1970 tae 532,726 in 1980. Maist o thir ceetizens devotit thairsels tae Industrial activities in Guarulhos (that hosts aroond 2,000 establishments), an São Paulo.
In 1985 the Cumbica Airport wis opened. The day it is cried “International Airport of São Paulo-Guarulhos Governor André Franco Montoro” (Aeroporto Internacional de São Paulo-Guarulhos Governador André Franco Montoro), the 2nt biggest Airport in Latin Americae.
Atween 2000 an 2006 its population grew three times as hintle as the state o São Paulo. Accordin tae IBGE, Guarulhos is the seicont maist populous ceety in the State efter the ceety o São Paulo. Maist o its population is economically active an evenly distributit in terms o gender.
Thomas the Tenk Engine an Friends
Thomas the Tank Engine & Friends (simply referred tae as Thomas & Friends or Thomas the Tank Engine) is a Breetish children's television series. In the U.K. it haed its first broadcast on the ITV network in Great Britain in 1984. In the U.S. it haed its first broadcast on Shining Time Station in 1989. It is based on The Railway Series of books bi the Reverend Wilbert Awdry and his son, Christopher Awdry.
Thir books follae the adventures o a group of anthropomorphised locomotives and road vehicles who live on the fictional Island of Sodor. The books war based on stories Wilbert told tae entertain his son, Christopher, during his recovery frae measles. Mony of the stories frae the first fower series are based on events frae Awdry's personal experience.
Precursors
Afore the airing of the first episode of Thomas & Friends in 1984, previous attempts haed been made tae adapt Awdry's stories for television, but nae all attempts war successfu. The first wis in 1953, when the editor of the Railway Series books, Eric Marriott, wis approached bi the BBC, who wished tae uise live-action model trains tae re-creaut twa stories frae Awdry's first beuk, The Three Railway Engines.
The engines war portrayed bi 00 gauge Hornby Dublo models and driven on authentic sets in the style of the oreeginal illustrations. The first episode, based on "The Sad Story of Henry", wis broadcast live on the evening of Sunday 14 Juin 1953 frae Lime Grove Studios. The live broadcast did nae fare well. Reportedly, a failure tae switch the pynts caused the model of Henry tae derail and viewers of the live broadcast witnessed a human haund, said tae be the ane o a crew member, picking him up and placin him back on the rails. Models moved jerkily, an all effects and muisic haed tae be superimposed.
Bi 23 Juin, news of the broadcast hit the front pages of the Daily Telegraph and the Daily Mail. Awdry himsel branded the episode as "unprofessional", and the pynt-switching debacle as an "elementary mistake". As a result, the seicont episode scheduled for 28 Juin 1953 wis put on haud, an then later cancelled. Efter the "Sad Story of Henry" fiasco, the BBC did attempt tae rescue the project bi offerin tae gie Awdry and the Railway Series publishers greater creative control ower the production of the episodes, but the publishers declined the offer, preferring tae focus on publishing new books for the series.
Hakkâri Province
Hakkâri Province (Hakkâri ili) is a province in the sootheast corner o Turkey. The admeenistrative centre is locatit in the ceety o Hakkâri (Colemêrg). The province covers an aurie o 7,121 km² an haes a population o 251,302 (2010 est). The province haed a population o 236,581 in 2000.
Thomas the Tenk Engine an Friends
Precursors
Nearly twinty years later, the BBC incorporated Awdry's stories ance again. Fourteen years afore Thomas and Friends wis aired, Ted Ray, sitting in a stationmaster's office, read oot five Railway Series books atween 20 September tae 2 October 1970 on the popular television story-telling shaw Jackanory.
Hakkâri Province
The province wis creatit in 1936 oot o pairt o the Van Province. Its adjacent provinces are the Şırnak tae the wast an the Van tae the north.
Thomas the Tenk Engine an Friends
Thomas the Tank Engine & Friends and its success
In 1979, Breetish television producer Britt Allcroft wis producin a documentary on the Bluebell Railway, a heritage railway in Sussex which actually featurt in the Railway Series beuk Stepney the Bluebell Engine. As pairt of her research afore filmin, Allcroft read some books in The Railway Series and wis heichly entertained and impressed with the stories which Awdry haed written, later remarking that "there was something in the stories that I felt I could develop that would connect with children. I saw a strong emotional content that would carry with little children's experiences with life."
Allcroft worked tae convince Awdry that she coud, with funding, convert the stories intae a successfu television shaw. Her efforts war successfu, an she purchased the television rights frae the publishers of The Railway Series at a cost of what wis then £50,000 ($74,000 in U.S. dollars at the time). Allcroft still haed tae work tae raise the money tae finance production and, despite shawin a keen interest, wanted a level of creative control which she did nae want tae forego. In the end, efter several years of searching and haein tae place a seicont mortgage on her home, Allcroft raised sufficient funding frae her local bank manager.
Hakkâri Province
Destricts
Hakkâri province is dividit intae 4 destricts (caipital destrict in bauld):
History
The aurie haes been ruled bi Akkadians, Hittites, Assyrians, Babylon, Persians, Greeks, Armenians, Parthians, Roum, Byzantium, the Sassanids, Arabs, Kurds, an Mongols in its lang history.
Thomas the Tenk Engine an Friends
Thomas the Tank Engine & Friends and its success
Bi 1981, Allcroft haed secured the finances tae produce the shaw, she stairtit tae assemble the crew, includin producer and director David Mitton, an aa the founder of Clearwater Features Ltd.; crew member Steve Asquith; American-born producer Robert D. Cardona; and the selected team of composers and songwriters Mike O'Donnell and Junior Campbell.
The series stairtit production in 1984 bi Allcroft's production company, The Britt Allcroft Company; Clearwater Features Ltd. (Mitton and Cardona's company); and the ITV company Central Independent Television. The series wis oreeginally shot and produced with live action models at the Clearwater in hoose studio in Battersea, a suburb of Lunnon, for Series 1. It later relocated tae Shepperton Studios, Middlesex, southwest of Lunnon for subsequent series. The uise of muivin models wis seen at the time of the series' conception as an effective method of animating the stories. Locomotives and ither vehicles war operated bi radio, while humans and animals war static figures. Stop-motion wis occasionally employed for instances in which a human or ainimal character wad muive. Haund-drawn animation wis uised in Series 3 tae creaut bees.
The first series (1984) uised stories frae the first aicht books, alang with ane specially written bi the Rev. W. Awdry, Thomas's Christmas Party. The seicont series (1986) uised stories frae Beuk 9 (Edward the Blue Engine) tae Beuk 30 (More About Thomas the Tank Engine). This beuk wis unusual, as it wis written specifically bi Christopher Awdry tae be adapted bi the shaw. At that time, it wis a contractual obligation that the series coud anly adapt stories that appeared in prent. The series an aa uised a story frae a Thomas Annual, "Thomas and Trevor", and a specially written staund-alone story, Thomas and the Missing Christmas Tree. The seicont series wis actually a 27-episode series, as a single (unaired) episode ("The Missing Coach") wis in the process of bein filmed, but despite bein filmed it wis never shawn acause Allcroft decidit it wis too confusing for young viewers. The production team went on tae uise "Thomas, Percy and the Coal" instead.
Series fower wis broadcast in 1994 on Cartoon Network. The producers planned tae introduce some new female characters, includin motor car Caroline, Nancy, and The Refreshment Lady. Some commentators teuk this as a response tae accusations of sexism levelled against the series twa years earlier. In reality, thir war nae "new" characters, but creations of Awdry frae the oreeginal Railway Series books. Series fower wis awmaist entirely based on The Railway Series. The narrow gauge engines war introduced, an war the focus o a nummer of episodes. Anly ane oreeginal story ("Rusty to the Rescue", written bi Allcroft and Mitton) wis uised, but this teuk certaint elements of plot and dialogue frae Stepney the "Bluebell" Engine.
The fift series (1998), an aa broadcast on Cartoon Network, wis a radical shift, as all episodes war written bi Allcroft and Mitton with no faur stories bein adapted frae the "Railway Series". This series saw the introduction of new characters, sic as Cranky, The Horrid Lorries and Old Slow Coach. It an aa focused on more dramatic and edgy plot-lines, with more severe accidents, than in the earlier seasons. Efter series 5, Angus Wright stepped doun as executive producer.
Thomas and the Magic Railroad wis released in Julie 2000 in the UK, Canadae, an the United States. It featurt new characters creatit bi Allcroft, alang with characters frae the shaw that introduced Thomas tae the U.S., Shining Time Station. Despite high production values and the popularity of the shaw, the film wis criticised bi Breetish reviewers who war unfamiliar with Shining Time Station. The movie wis well received bi young children on baith sides of the Atlantic, but made anly $19.7 million at the box office, against a cost of The film wis broadcast on BBC1 on 1 Januar 2004 and again on 29 December 2008.
Thomas & Friends and its recent developments
The Britt Allcroft Company (which changed its name tae Gullane Entertainment in 1999) wis purchased bi HiT Entertainment in September 2003, a company specialising in children's entertainment.
The saxt and seivent series (baith broadcast on CITV) continued tae introduce action-packed storylines and new characters, an saw the introduction o a writing staff. The saxt series in 2002 wis notable for its attempt tae creaut a spin-off based on the successfu "Bob the Builder" series. Twa episodes introduced a group of construction machine characters kent as "The Pack". The spin-off didn't materialise for some time. Eventually, in 2006, thirteen episodes war released straucht tae DVD as a collection cried On Site with Thomas.
The fact that aulder sets war uised and the episodes war shot on 35mm camera (as opposed tae the digital camera uised at the time of the episodes' release) suggest it wis filmed some time afore Series 8. In Series 7 (2003) the programme title wis offeecially shortened tae Thomas & Friends, this name haein been uised on merchandise and video covers for three years previously. Phil Fehrle replaced Allcroft and Mitton as producer, tho Mitton remained as the director. Executive producer Angus Wright wis replaced bi Peter Urie and Allcroft as executive producers for Series 6.
In 2003, Allcroft stepped doun as executive producer, makin Urie the sole executive producer for Gullane Entertainment, and Jocelyn Stevenson wis the executive producer for HiT Entertainment.
The aicht series (2004) wis the first released directly tae VHS and DVD as fower episodes in the US and sax in the UK war released afore airing on television on Nick Jr. in the UK and PBS in the US. It introduced a nummer of significant changes tae the shaw. Mony of the oreeginal founding team involved in the oreeginal shaw syne 1984 left the production, notably Britt Allcroft, director and writer David Mitton, an oreeginal composers Mike O'Donnell and Junior Campbell. The latter twa haed been embroiled in a protracted legal dispute with HiT afore thair departure. Steve Asquith, who wis pairt of the oreeginal production team syne 1984, teuk ower as director, while Simon Spencer replaced Phil Fehrle as producer.
HiT Entertainment wis itself then acquired bi Apax Partners, a private equity company, in Mairch 2005.
A straucht-tae-video film, Calling All Engines!, wis released shortly afore Series 9 in 2005. While featurin characters frae Thomas and the Magic Railroad, it wis nae a direct sequel. It proved successfu, which resulted in more direct-tae-video specials bein produced.
Series 9 (2005) and 10 (2006) saw the expansion of the supporting cast with new and auld characters. Frae Series 9 the narrator wad caw oot the episodes' names and frae Series 11 the theme sang wis sung stairtin with the sound o a train whistle. Series 10 aired with twinty-aicht episodes rather than the twinty-sax of previous years. The eleventh series (2007) wis filmed in high definition format. Twinty episodes aired in the oreeginal broadcast, while sax war released directed tae DVD as Engines and Escapades. Jocelyn Stevenson haed stepped doun as executive producer efter Series 10, with Christopher Skala takkin her place as executive producer for Series 11. Sharon Miller became the script editor frae Series 9 tae 11.
Series 12 (2008) saw the introduction of CGI effects (providit bi HiT Entertainment's subsidiary Hot Animation), with the intent of producin the shaw entirely in CGI the follaein year. The traditional models and sets war still uised, but with computer animatit faces superimposed on the models tae allou for changing facial expressions. Humans and animals war fully computer animatit tae allou for walkin movement. Anly twinty episodes war broadcast (the U.S. broadcast featurt sax additional episodes frae Engines and Escapades). Sharon Miller became the head writer, stairtin with Series 12.
HiT annoonced multiple changes tae the shaw beginnin in 2009. Ane new aspect wis the introduction of live-action host segments tae Thomas' home video releases. The host teuk the form o a character who worked on The Fat Controller's (Sir Topham Hatt's) railway, who wad instruct viewers in craft projects. For the final 2 DVDs released for Saison 12 in 2009, the host wis named Mr. Arkwright (played bi Robert Slate). In 2010, beginnin with the DVD Splish splash splosh, the host wis named Mr. Perkins (played bi Ben Forster) and haes remained host ever syne.
For budgetary reasons, the ither major changes war a muive tae production in CGI, rather than uisin physical models, an the addition o a voice cast tae support the established narrator. The DVD featur, Hero of the Rails, wis the first Thomas & Friends production tae shaw thir changes, an Series 13 wis the first television series in the new format. The CGI animation for the series wis providit bi Nitrogen Studios of Vancouver.
In September 2010, Apax wis preparing tae sell off HiT Entertainment and its franchises, includin Thomas – regarded as the single maist valuable asset – in order tae help clear HiT's debts,  an in Februar 2012, sauld the company, alang with the Thomas properties, tae US toy giant Mattel.
During production of Series 16 (2012), Sharon Miller stepped doun as head writer, an Andrew Brenner, who haed written some Thomas stories in the third series, assumed the role efter serving as script editor for "Blue Mountain Mystery". Additionally, Sam Barlow stepped doun as story executive efter the sixteenth series, an the production of the CGI animation wis moved frae Nitrogen Studios (of Vancouver) tae Arc Productions (of Toronto). King of the Railway and Series 17, baith released during 2013, serve as the first special and series developed bi the new animation and production team respectively.
2014 saw Tale of the Brave and Series 18, the seicont special and series animatit bi Arc, respectively. 2015 saw The Adventure Begins, a special coinciding with the 70th anniversary of the franchise, an Sodor's Legend of the Lost Treasure; Series 19 began airing that same year. 2016 saw some changes; longtime composers Robert and Peter Hartshorne, faither and son team, left the series and Chris Renshaw and Oliver Davis teuk ower. 2016 an aa saw Thomas & Friends: The Great Race and Series 20 began airing the same year. Series 20 wis the last series of the shaw tae air on PBS Kids; when series 21 began airing in 2017, the American broadcast of the shaw wis moved tae Nick Jr., endin a period of awmaist 30 years of The Railway Series on American public television.
Home video history
Ower the history of the programme, the TV episodes and specials hae been released for home viewing in a variety of compilations, formats and leids, bi a variety of publishing houses.
Storytelling
Up until Series 12, narration and dialogue war performed bi a single storyteller. This wis the choice of Allcroft, who wanted the television stories tae be an extension of the wey thay wad be told at home in a comforting environment. All character emotions wad come frae the nuances of the storyteller's voice, in conjunction with facial expressions, muisic, an actions on-screen.
Models
The oreeginal live action models war filmed on an extensive model railway layout biggit at the studios. The models war biggit tae the 1:32 scale, kent in model railway circles as "Gauge 1". The locomotives uised chassis made bi Märklin with specially made bodies. Alang with the muivin-ee and eyelid mechanisms and clay faces, thir bodies an aa included smoke generators. Coaches and trucks war made uisin Tenmille kits. Later models war biggit entirely frae scratch. Some of the models frae the sister television series Tugs war reused in later episodes of the series.
Frae Series 5 tae 12, some lairger-scale models war uised for the narrow gauge characters, tae more easily fit the complex mechanisms intae them while retaining a sufficient level of detail. In Series 6, the characters kent as "the Pack" (construction machines) war an aa biggit on a lairge scale, an lairger models of Thomas and Percy war made tae interact with them. In the ninth series, anither lairger Thomas model wis biggit tae the same scale as the narrow gauge engines tae provide greater possibilities for interaction. It wis jynt bi a lairge version of James in the tenth series. In 2009, some of thir models war put on display in a special exhibit at Drayton Manor Theme Park's Thomas Land. Nitrogen Studios, who providit the animation for the series frae series 12 tae 16, an aa haes some of the oreeginal models on display.
Face movements
At the shaw's conception in 1984, live action model animation wad nae deliver lip sync, but shaw co-creautor Britt Allcroft and model director David Mitton did nae see this as an inhibition. About 20 years later houiver, with advancement in technology, the shaw saw the introduction of CGI bi HIT Entertainment's subsidiary HOT Animation. At first this wis uised tae generate smoke and ither effects, but later, HIT (the current owners of Thomas) annoonced its intent tae introduce a fully CGI series in 2009. With Series 12, CGI bi Nitrogen Studios wis uised tae animate characters' faces and tae mak fowk and animals mobile within the stories. The follaein series saw a transition tae full CGI animation.
Music
Mike O'Donnell and Junior Campbell componed the shaw's oreeginal main title theme, incidental muisic and sangs, which war uised for series 1–7 comprising 182 episodes atween 1984 and 2003.
In 2004, Robert Hartshorne teuk O'Donnell and Campbell's place as composer, while Ed Welch became the shaw's songwriter frae Series 8 tae The Great Discovery, and Welch left efter The Great Discovery. Hartshorne teuk his place as songwriter frae Series 12 and onwards. Frae Day of the Diesels/2011-2016, Robert's son Peter Hartshorne helped him with the muisic.
In 2016 the Hartshornes left the series and Chris Renshaw and Oliver Davis teuk thair places.
Head writer
Syne series 12, thare haes been a head writer for the series. Prior tae the introduction o a head writer, the script editor performed seemilar duties. Sharon Miller served as head writer frae series 12–16 and stepped doun efter series 16 and wis replaced bi Andrew Brenner, who haed written mony "Thomas" stories for various magazines as well as his ain oreeginal stories, several of which war later adapted for television episodes for Series 3 and Series 5, for which he haed remained uncredited. Brenner haed been a writer of several ither children's animatit series, sic as Angelina Ballerina, Tractor Tom, Fireman Sam, The Amazing Adrenalini Brothers, Spot, Poppy Cat, and Binka, as well as bein the creautor of Caribou Kitchen, and Humf and writer for several magazines featurin children's characters sic as The Real Ghostbusters, Fireman Sam, Scooby-Doo, Tom and Jerry, and Thomas's sister series Tugs and haes written scripts and teuk ower as head writer for Thomas for King of the Railway and onwards. Sharon Miller haes an aa been the voice director syne the seicont CGI animatit film Misty Island Rescue, and continues tae work on the series in this capacity.
Broadcast
In the United Kinrick, Thomas the Tank Engine & Friends wis oreeginally broadcast on ITV until 1992. In the United States, the series premiered on PBS Kids in 2004. The series haed first appeared anly as sequences on Shining Time Station during the program's run frae 1989 tae 1995. The sequences of the series later aired in 1996 on Mr. Conductor's Thomas Tales. The series aired on Storytime with Thomas on Fox Family (nou Freeform) frae 1998 tae 2001. When Thomas & Friends premiered on PBS, it wis first distributed frae 2004 tae 2007 bi Connecticut Public Television and bi WNET frae 2008 tae 2017. The program airs in Australia on ABC Kids and on FOUR in New Zealand. In Canadae, it plays on TVO, Family Jr., and Knowledge Kids. The rights of PBS tae broadcast this series expired in December 2017; this ended a period of awmaist 30 years of programming relatit tae The Railway Series on American public television.
Critical response
Common Sense Media rated the shaw a 4 oot of 5 stars statin "Parents can be assured that this series has educational aspects as well as behavioral modeling. The Thomas the Tank Engine stories were conceived by a young British boy early in the 20th century, who would listen to the trains as they chuffed through the countryside. The stories he told his son -- who has consequently passed them on to his own son -- have been documented in books and toy train models. Since the series was introduced to television viewers in the 1980s, Thomas & Friends has seen a healthy fan base sprout worldwide. Some of the expressions on the train's faces can be a tiny bit creepy, but the intention behind the animation is good, as follows the tradition of a well-told story."
References
Notes
Republics o Roushie
Republics of Russia.png
2. Altai
3. Bashkortostan
4. Buryatie
5. Dagestan
7. Kabardino-Balkarie
Princess Louise Christine o Savoy
Princess Louise Christine o Savoy (Louise Christine; 1 August 1627 – 7 July 1689) was a Savoyard Princess bi birth. Her descendants included the present Henri d'Orléans, French pretender; the Prince Napoléon; Duarte Pio, Duke o Braganza an his distant cousin Prince Luiz o Orléans-Braganza. She is also an ancestor o the ruling Felipe VI o Spain, Henri, Grand Duke o Luxembourg an Albert II o Belgium.
Taarstedt
Taarstedt (Torsted) is a municipality in the destrict o Schleswig-Flensburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Republics o Roushie
8. Kalmykie
Early Modren Inglis
Afore an efter the accession o James I tae the Inglis throne in 1603, the kythin Inglis staundard began tae moyen the spoken an written Middle Scots o Scotland.
The grammatical an orthographical pratticks o leeterar Inglis in the late 16t century an in the 17t century are aye muckle big pairts o Modren Staundard Inglis. Some modren readers o Inglis can unnerstaund gruns written in the late phase o the Early Modren Inglis, sic as the Keeng James Bible an the warks o William Shakespeare, an they hae greatly moyened Modren Inglis.
Gruns frae the earlier phase o Middle Inglis, sic as the late-15t century Le Morte d'Arthur (1485) an the mid-16t century Gorboduc (1561), mey be maire difficult for modren readers but are aye obviously closer tae Modren Inglis grammar, lexicon an phonology than are 14t-century Middle Inglis gruns, sic as the warks o Geoffrey Chaucer.
Republics o Roushie
10. Karelie
Early Modren Inglis
Transeetion frae Middle Inglis
The change frae Middle Inglis tae Early Modren Inglis wisna juist the changes tae vocables or pronunciation; a new era in the history o Inglis wis beginnin.
Republics o Roushie
11. Komi
Early Modren Inglis
Transeetion frae Middle Inglis
An era o linguistic change in a leid wi lairge variorums in deealect wis replaced bi a new era o a maire staundardised leid, wi a richer lexicon an an estaiblisht (an lestie) leeteratur.
Republics o Roushie
12. Mari El
Early Modren Inglis
Interregnum an Restoration
The Inglis Ceevil War an the Interregnum war times o social an poleetical upheaval an instabeelity. The dates for Restoration leeteratur are a matter o prattick an differ merkitly frae genre tae genre. In drama, the "Restoration" mey lest till 1700, but in poetry, it mey lest anely till 1666, the annus mirabilis (year o wunners), an prose, it lest till 1688, wi the increasing tensions ower succession an the confeerin rise in jurnalism an periodicals, or till 1700, whan thae periodicals growed maire stabilised.
Republics o Roushie
13. Mordovie
Jupiter, Florida
The toun wis cried Jupiter endue tae a misspellin o the "Jobe" watter on a cairt, an the Breetish foonders' anglicifee'in o Jove tae Jupiter.
Early Modren Inglis
Development tae Modren Inglis
The 17t-century port touns an their forms o speech gain moyen ower the auld coonty touns. Ingland experiences a new period o inner peace an relative stability, whit encourages the airts incluiding leeteratur, frae arouod the 1690s onwards.
Republics o Roushie
15. North Ossetie-Alanie
Noelia Garcia
Noelia Garcia (born 1982) is a French model that is an unco thrang member o the French human richts group, Le Treve de Dieu (God's Reprieve). She is an active Pro-Life Supporter an aw.
Early Modren Inglis
Development tae Modren Inglis
Modren Inglis can be takken tae hae kythed fou bi the beginnin o the Georgian era in 1714, but Inglis orthography remeened somewhit bree till the ootset o Johnson's Dictionary, in 1755.
Noelia Garcia
Her clients haes includit Air France an L'Oreal.
Yaracuy
Yaracuy (Estado Yaracuy, ) is ane o the 23 states o Venezuela. It is bordered bi Falcón in the north, in the wast bi Lara, in the sooth bi Portuguesa an Cojedes an in the east bi Cojedes an Carabobo.
Municipalities an municipal seats
Yaracuy is dividit intae fowerteen municipalities:
Early Modren Inglis
Development tae Modren Inglis
The tourin importance o William Shakespeare ower the ither Elizabethan authors wis the result o his reception durin the 17t an the 18t centuries, whit direct contreebutes tae the development o Staundard Inglis. Shakespeare's plays are tharefore aye fameeliar an unnerstaundable 400 years efter they war written, but the warks o Geoffrey Chaucer an William Langland, whit haed been written anely 200 years earlier, are conseederably maire difficult for the common five aichts modren reader.
Republics o Roushie
16. Tatarstan
Early Modren Inglis
Orthography
The orthography o Early Modren Inglis wis fair seemilar tae that o the day, but spelling wis unstable. Early Modren Inglis, as well as Modren Inglis, inherited orthographical pratticks predating the Great Vouel Shift.
Republics o Roushie
17. Tuva
Early Modren Inglis
Orthography
Early Modren Inglis spelling wis seemilar tae that o Middle Inglis. Certaint changes war made, houaniver, sometimes for raisons o etymology (as wi the B|seelent b that wis added tae wirds like debt, doubt an subtle).
Republics o Roushie
18. Udmurtie
19. Khakassie
Early Modren Inglis
Orthography
Early Modren Inglis orthography haed a nummer o featurs o spelling that hivna been reteened:
Republics o Roushie
20. Chechnie
Early Modren Inglis
Orthography
Mony spellings haed aye no been staundarised, houaniver. For ensaumple, he wis spelt as baith he an hee in the same sentence in Shakespeare's plays an elsewhaur.
Republics o Roushie
21. Chuvashie
Early Modren Inglis
Consonants
Maist consonant soonds o Early Modren Inglis hae survived intae present-day Inglis; houaniver, thare are aye a few merkit differs in pronunciation:
Pure vouels an diphthongs
The following information primarily comes frae studies o the Great Vouel Shift; see the.
Republics o Roushie
]] Roushie is dividit intae 83 federal subjects (constituent units), 21 o which are republics. The republics represent auries o nan-Roushie ethnicity. The indigenous ethnic group o a republic that gies it its name is referred tae as the "titular naitionality". Due tae decades (in some cases centuries) o internal migration inside Roushie, ilka naitionality is no necessarily a majority o a republic's population.
Early Modren Inglis
Rhotic vouels
It is clear that the r soond (the phoneme ) wis probably aye pronounced wi following vouel soonds (maire in the style o the day's Wastern Inglis, Norfolk, Northern Inglis, Irish or Scots accents, an less like the day's teepical Lunnon or Received Pronunciation). Furthermore, warna necessarily merged afore, as they are in maist modren Inglis deealects. The stressed modren phoneme, whan it is spelt er, ear an aiblins or (as in clerk, earth, or divert), haed a vouel soond wi an a-like quality, aiblins aboot <span class="IPA" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɐɹ] or <span class="IPA" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[äɹ]. Wi the spelling or, the soond mey hae been backed, maire toward <span class="IPA" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɒɹ] in wirds like worth an word. In some pronunciations, wirds like fair an fear, wi the spellings air an ear, rhymed wi ilk ither, an wirds wi the spelling are, sic as prepare an compare, war sometimes pronounced wi a maire open vouel soond, like the verbs are an scar. See for maire information.
Particular wirds
Nature wis pronounced approximately as an mey hae ryhmed wi letter or, early on, even latter. One mey hae merged tae the soond o own, wi baith one an other uising the era's lang vouel, raither than the day's  vouels. Tongue merged tae the soond o tong an rhymed wi song.
Pronouns
Early Modren Inglis haed twa seicond-person personal pronouns: thou, the informal singular pronoun, an ye, the plural (baith formal an informal) pronoun an the formal singular pronoun.
"Thou" an "ye" war baith common in the early-16t century (they can be seen, for example, in the disputes ower Tyndale's translation o the Bible in the 1520s an the 1530s) but bi 1650,"thou" seems auld-fashioned or literary. It hae effectively completely disappeared frae Modren Staundard Inglis but is aye in use in some situations. In mony kirks in the Unitit Kinrick an the Unitit States, primarily those that uise the King James Bible, "thou" is aye uised tae address God in prayer an is felt tae denote reverence. "Thou" awso remains in regular uise in particular regional Inglis dialects, but its pronunciation is aft reduced tae "tha".
The translators o the Keeng James Bible o the Bible (begun 1604 an published 1611, while Shakespeare wis at the heicht o his popularity) haed a particular reason for keeping the "thou/thee/thy/thine" forms that war slowly beginnin tae fa oot o spoken uise, as it enabled them tae match the Hebrew an Ancient Greek distinction atween seicond person singular ("thou") an plural ("ye"). It wisna tae denote reverence (in the King James Bible, God addresses individual people an even Satan as "thou") but anely tae denote the singular. Ower the centuries, however, the very fact that "thou" wis dropping oot o normal uise gave it a special aura an so it gradually cam tae be uised tae express reverence in hymns an in prayers.
Like ither personal pronouns, thou an ye have different forms dependent on their grammatical case; specifically, the objective form o thou is thee, its possessive forms are thy an thine, an its reflexive or emphatic form is thyself.
The objective form o ye wis you, its possessive forms are your an yours an its reflexive or emphatic forms are yourself an yourselves.
My an thy become mine an thine before wirds beginnin with a vowel or an h. More accurately, the aulder forms "mine" an "thine" haed become "my" an "thy" before wirds beginnin with a consonant ither than h, an "mine" an "thine" war retained before wirds beginnin with a vowel or an h, as in mine eyes or thine hand. <references group="#" />
Tense an nummer
Durin the Early Modren period, the verb inflections became simplified as they evolved towards their modren forms:
Modal auxiliaries
The modal auxiliaries cemented their distinctive syntactical characteristics durin the Early Modren period. Thus, the uise o modals without an infinitive became rare (as in "I must to Coventry"; "I'll none of that"). The uise o modals' present participles tae indicate aspect (as in "Maeyinge suffer no more the loue & deathe of Aurelio" frae 1556), an o their preterite forms tae indicate tense (as in "he follow'd Horace so very close, that of necessity he must fall with him") awso became uncommon.
Some verbs ceased tae function as modals durin the Early Modren period. The present form o must, mot, became obsolete. Dare awso lost the syntactical characteristics o a modal auxiliary an evolved a new past form (dared), distinct frae the modal durst.
Perfect an progressive forms
The perfect o the verbs haedna yet been staundardised tae uise anely the auxiliary verb "to have". Some took as their auxiliary verb "to be", sic as this example frae the King James Bible: "But which of you... will say unto him... when he is come frae the field, Go and sit down..." [Luke XVII:7]. The rules for the auxiliaries for different verbs war similar tae those that are aye observed in German an French (see unaccusative verb).
The modren syntax uised for the progressive aspect ("I am walking") became dominant bi the end o the Early Modren period, but ither forms war awso common sic as the prefix a- ("I am a-walking") an the infinitive paired wi "do" ("I do walk"). Moreover, the to be + -ing verb form could be uised tae express a passive meaning without ony additional merkers: "The house is building" could mean "The house is being built".
Vocabulary
A nummer o wirds that are aye in common uise in Modren Inglis have undergone semantic narrowing.
Twin Peends
The Twin Peends are blate-sized munts approximately 100 fit heich, an tae the soothwast o the Maurs Pathfinder's laundin steid. Thay are juist ower a mile awa an can be seen frae orbeit.
The Maurs Pathfinder laundin steid is at the mooth o Ares Vallis, a lairge ootflowe lade 930 mile lang that tuimt frae the maurtian hielands intil the Chryse Bossie. Vast fluidwatters, sib tae thaim that cairved Ma'adim Vallis, jawed ower this steid several billion year syne. The roondit stanes in the foregrund micht hae been transportit an eroded throu thir fluids. Twin Peends micht hae been eroded bi thir fluidwatters forby.
Early Modren Inglis
Vocabulary
Awso, this period reveals a curious case o ane o the earliest Russian borrowings tae Inglis (which is historically a rare occasion itself, either research sources are yet scarce ), in example – at least as early as year 1600, the wird "steppe" (rus. степь), that haes first appeared in Inglis in William Shakespeare's comedy "A Midsummer Night's Dream". It is believed that this is a possible indirect borrowing via either German or French.
References
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Harju, Emmaste Pairish
Harju is a veelage in Emmaste Pairish, Hiiu Coonty in northwastren Estonie.
Konuvere
Konuvere is a veelage in Märjamaa Pairish, Rapla Coonty in wastren Estonie, on the north side o the Konuvere River.
Roushie general Paul von Rennenkampf (1854–1918) wis born in Konuvere Manor.
Anne Hathaway
Anne Jacqueline Hathaway (born November 12, 1982) is an American actress. Her brakthrou debut film role wis as Mia Thermopolis in the Disney comedy The Princess Diaries (2001). Hathaway made a transeetion tae adult roles in box office an creetically acclaimed films sic as Brokeback Mountain (2005), The Devil Wears Prada (2006), as Jane Austen in Becoming Jane (2007), Rachel Getting Married (2008), Bride Wars (2009), Valentine's Day (2010), as the White Queen in Tim Burton's Alice in Wonderland (2010), Love & Other Drugs (2010), as DC Comics femme fatale Catwoman in Christopher Nolan's The Dark Knight Rises (2012), as Fantine in Tom Hooper's Les Misérables (2012), Interstellar (2014), The Intern (2015) an Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016).
Hera Björk
Hera Björk Þórhallsdóttir (born 29 Mairch 1972) is an Icelandic sangster.
Biografie
Hera pairticipatit in Dansk Melodi Grand Prix 2009 wi the sang "Someday", placin seicont, and won the OGAE Second Chance Contest 2009. She representit Iceland at Eurovision Song Contest 2010 wi the sang "Je ne sais quoi" ("A daena ken wha").
Hera wis a memmer o the backin choir for Eurobandið in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008 an for Yohanna in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 in Moscow. She haes toured wi Björk an Sigur Rós.
Tostão
In his prime, he wis considered ane o the best players in the warld, while contributin wi mony assists thanks tae his passin abilities an aw. He played maist o his 11-year career wi Cruzeiro.
Tostão representit Brazil in twa Warld Cups, winnin the toornament in 1970.
Fitbaa career
Born in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Eduardo Andrade receivit, lik the vast majority o Brazilian fitbawers, a elk-name early intae his fitbaw career, bein dubbit 'Tostão' (little coin). Legend haes it that as a sax-year auld schuil boy he nettit 47 goals in ane gemme for his primar schuil fitbaw team.
Tostão made his profeesional debuts agit anerly 15, for local América Futebol Clube (MG), returnin efter twa years tae Cruzeiro Esporte Clube, whaur he haed stairtit his youth career. Awtho bein a centre midfielder, he wis crouned the Campeonato Mineiro's tapscorer on three consecutive occasions, the first in 1966, an left the club as its aw-time scorer, wi a tot o 242 league goals.
In the 1970 FIFA Warld Cup, improvisit as a forward, Tostão scored twa o his 32 goals for Brazil, as the naitional team wan its third trophy, whilst fyndin the net on 19 occasions. The previous year, efter bein hit in the face bi a baw durin a match against Sport Club Corinthians Paulista, he suffered a detached retina frae which he niver fully recovered. In Apryle 1972, he signed for CR Vasco da Gama for a then record fee in the kintra but, efter guid oweraw displays, wis forcit tae retire frae the geme at anerly 27, efter his sicht problems resurfacit.
Weary o fitbaw an fame, Tostão became a medical doctor, but ultimately rejyned the fitbawin warld, wirking as a jurnalist an pundit on TV.