cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Turku
Govrenment an politics
The ceety cooncil an ceety buird hae lang been dominatit bi the Social Democratic Pairty (SDP) an the Naitional Coaleetion Pairty (Kokoomus/Samlingspartiet), wi approximately equal representation. Currently, the cooncil haes 67 members, wi 19 frae Kokoomus an 14 frae SDP. The ither major pairties in the cooncil are the Green League (10 seats), the Left Alliance (9 seats) an The Finns (6 seats). The current chair o the ceety buird is Minna Arve frae Kokoomus.
Results o the Finnish parliamentary election, 2011 in Turku:
Transport
fir a ceety o hits size, Turku haes a moderate public transport network o bus routes, which is comparable tae bus network o seemilar-sized Tampere. The bus network is managed an supervised bi the Ceety o Turku Public Transport Office (Turun joukkoliikennetoimisto, Åbo kollektivtrafikkontor), an is operatit mainly bi private companies. Regional buses are operatit bi private companies, maist importantly TLO, wi very frequent services especially tae the neighbourin ceeties o Naantali, Raisio, an Kaarina.
Rail traffeck tae an frae Turku is handled bi the Finnish naitional carrier, VR. The nummer o services haes fallen an anly the railways towards Tampere an Helsinki are nou in uise. The railway stations currently uised fir passenger traffeck are the Turku Central railway station in Pohjola, an twa smawer stations in Kupittaa an the Port o Turku.
Thare is no local rail traffeck at the moment, as the ceety's popular tram services war discontinued in 1972, an the various local railway lines tae neighbourin towns an municipalities war aw abolished during the late 20t century. Houever, thare are plans fir a licht rail seestem in the Turku region in the near future. This seestem wad mair ably serve major suburbs o the ceety sic as Varissuo an Runosmäki, as well as the neighbourin ceeties.
The Turku Bus Station an the Turku Central Railway Station are currently locatit in different places. The Ceety o Turku is plannin tae combine thir twa in a new greater station complex in the near future. This new traivel centre will conseest o a hotel an several shoppin estates. This centre will connect aw public transportation frae commuter trains tae lang distance buses.
Turku Airport is locatit 8 km tae the north o the ceety centre, partly in the neighbourin municipality o Rusko.
Thare are an aa daily ferry services frae the Port o Turku tae Swaden an the Åland Islands, operatit i Silja Line, Viking Line an SeaWind Line. Thir are something o a Finnish cultural tradeetion (see ruotsinlaiva), an fowk eften traivel lang distances across Finland tae Turku juist tae tak a cruise across the Gulf o Bothnie.
The archipelago sea boat traffeck is handled bi, amang others, S/S Ukkopekka, an auld steamship that cruises on the route Turku-Naantali-Turku.
Turku is the anly ceety in Finland tae hae three lang-distance railway stations: Turku Central, Port o Turku, an Kupittaa.
Demographics
At the end o 2004 the Turku region (includin the economic destricts o Turku an Åboland) haed a population o 319,632, oot o which 174,824 fowk lived in the ceety o Turku. The ceety's population density is 718 indwallers per square kilometre.
89.4% o Turku's population speak Finnish as thair Roushie (1.3%), Arabic (0.6%), Albanie (0.5%). 95.8% o the population are Finnish ceetizens, an the maist sizeable minorities are frae Roushie, Estonia, Iraq, an Iran. Lik aw ither Finnish ceeties, Turku daes nae collect information aboot the ethnic an releegious makeup o hits population.
Estelí Depairtment
Estelí is a depairtment o Nicaragua. It covers an aurie o 2,335 km² an haes a population o 215,400 (2005 census). Its caipital is the ceety o Estelí.
Turku
Notable fowk
Famous fowk frae the ceety o Turku include: The Turku region haes an aa brought forth mony prominent personalities, includin the marshal, Carl Gustaf Mannerheim.
Economy
The business destrict in the ceety's economy is centred on the Port o Turku an ither service-orientit industries. The ceety is an aa a renowned high-tech centre – the Turku Science Park aurie in Kupittaa hosts ower 300 companies frae the fields o biotechnology an information technology, as well as several institutions o heicher learnin that wirk in closely wi the business sector. This cooperative element is seen as a parteecularly important factor wi regards tae the ceety's expectit future economic development, as outlined in the Turku Strategy that is published annually bi the ceety cooncil. At least the follaein major Finnish companies hae thair corporate headquarters in Turku: HKScan an Hesburger. Ither major companies which hae operations in Turku include Bayer, Fläkt Woods, Meyer Werft, Orion Corporation an Wärtsilä.
As o 2007, the ceety's unemployment rate is 9.4%. The problem o unemployment is houever troublesome in the destricts o Pansio, Lauste, an Varissuo, whaur hit hovers at aroond 16%.
Education
Turku haes a langer eddicational history than ony ither Finnish ceety – the first schuil in the ceety, the Cathedral School, wis foondit alang wi the Cathedral o Turku in the late 13t century. The first varsity in Finland, the "The Ryal Academy o Turku" (nou Varsity o Helsinki), wis established in the ceety in 1640. In 1820, the first school in Finland conformin tae the Bell-Lancaster method wis foondit in Turku wi the aim o makin primary eddication mair inclusive tae the lawer classes.
Turku is home tae aboot 35,000 higher eddication students. Thare are twa varsities an several "polytechnics" in the toun.
The Finnish Varsity o Turku is the seicont lairgest varsity in Finland (18,000 students), as measurt bi student enrollment, an ane o the auldest as well, havin been foondit in 1920. Åbo Akademi, foondit 1918 as the seicont varsity o Finland, is Finland's anly Swedish-leid varsity. Turku School o Economics merged wi The Varsity o Turku in 2010, an Åbo handelshögskola, hits Swedish counterpart, wi Åbo Akademi 1980. The central hospital o Turku, Turku Varsity Hospital, is affiliatit wi the Varsity an hit is uised as a teachin hospital.
Turku Varsity o Applee'd Sciences is the seicont lairgest polytechnic in Finland efter Metropolia Varsity o Applee'd Sciences. An aa Novia Varsity o Applee'd Sciences an Diaconia Varsity o Applee'd Sciences hae campuses in the toun.
Turku is ane o anly twa ceeties in Finland tae hae an established international school (the ither ceety bein Helsinki). Turku International School, locatit in the eastren destrict o Varissuo, haes been operatin syne 2003. Bi an agreement signed atween the ceety o Turku an the Varsity o Turku, Turun normaalikoulu takes care o the teachin in the international school.
Media
The first Finnish newspaper Tidningar Utgifne Af et Sällskap i Åbo, in Swedish, wis stairtit in Turku in 1771, as well as the first Finnish-leid newspaper Suomenkieliset Tieto-Sanomat which wis stairtit in 1775.
The newspaper, Turun Sanomat, an aa operates a regional televeesion station, cried Turku TV. The Finnish naitional broadcaster, Yleisradio, screens local news, daily frae Monday tae Friday, fir the Soothwast Finland (includin the regions o Finland Proper an Satakunta) residents. Aw Finnish naitional TV channels are viewable an naitional radio channels audible in the Turku aurie. In addeetion, a nummer o local radio stations, e.g. Auran Aallot, Radio Sata an Radio Robin Hood are operational. Local public service radio stations are YLE Turun Radio in Finnish leid (the regional version o YLE Radio Suomi) an YLE Radio Vega Åboland in Swadish leid (the regional version o YLE Radio Vega).
Cultur
Cultural venues in Turku include several theatres, cinemas, an airt galleries, an a ceety philharmonic orchestra. The ceety's cultural centre organises a nummer o regular events, maist notably the Medieval Mercat in Julie each year. Turku is an aa the offeecial Christmas ceety o Finland, an 'Christmas Peace' in Finland is declared on every 24 December frae the Brinkkala Hall balcony. The Turku Music Festival an the rock festival Ruisrock (held on the island o Ruissalo) are amang the auldest o hits kynd in Scandinavie. The ceety an aa hosts anither rock festival, Down bi the Laituri, an ane o the lairgest electronic music festivals in Northren Europe, UMF (Uuden Musiikin Festivaali, "New Music Festival"), in addition tae a vibrant nightlife, centred on the Market Square.
Thare are an aa numerous museums, sic as the Turku Airt Museum an the Wäinö Aaltonen Museum o Airt. The Åbo Akademi Varsity maintains the Sibelius Museum, which is the anly museum in Finland specialisin in the field o miusic. Apart frae thir, thare are an aa several historical museums that display the ceety's medieval period, sic as the Turku Castle, which haes been a functional historical museum syne 1881, an the Aboa Vetus museum, biggit in the late 1990s ower the 14t century archaeological site. The Luostarinmäki handicrafts museum, convertit frae residential biggins that survived the Great Fire o Turku in 1827, wis the first Scandinavian venue tae receive the "Golden Apple" tourism awaird.
Turku is European Capital o Culture in 2011, an the ceety cooncil haes approved numerous projects tae boost the ceety's image in preparation fir that status.
The Declaration o Christmas Peace haes been a tradeetion in Finland frae the Middle Ages every year, except in 1939 due tae the Winter War. The declaration takes place on the Old Great Squerr o Turku, Finland's offeecial 'Christmas Ceety', at noon on Christmas Eve. The declaration ceremony begins wi the hymn Jumala ompi linnamme (Martin Luther's Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott) an continues wi the Declaration o Christmas Peace read frae a pairchment row in Finnish an Swadish.
Sports
The ceety haes twa fitbaa teams playin at the tap naitional level, the Veikkausliiga: FC Inter an TPS, which is playin in seicont heichest level Ykkönen, but TPS is ane o the auldest fitbaa clubs in Finland. Baith teams play thair home matches at Veritas Stadion in the destrict o Kupittaa.
HC TPS o Turku is ane o the maist successfu teams in Finnish ice hockey history. hit plays in the Finnish tap league, SM-liiga. HC TPS haes won the naitional championship 11 times, the latest bein frae saison 2009-2010. HK Arena, locatit in the Artukainen destrict, is uised as the venue fir HC TPS gemmes.
The Paavo Nurmi Marathon is an annual sportin event in Turku, named efter the warld-famous runner Paavo Nurmi, who wis born an raised in the ceety.
Finland's maist successfu tennis player, Jarkko Nieminen, wis born an lifes in the neighbourin coonty o Masku
Turku Titans is a lacrosse club based in Turku wi a relevantly successfu history wi three siller medals an ane gowd medal in the naitional lacrosse league in Finland. The Titans weemen's team haes forby haed a successfu history. The FIL U19 2012 World Lacrosse Championships are an aa held in the ceety.
Twin touns — Sister ceeties
Turku is twinned wi:
James Buchanan
James Buchanan, Jr. (, an aa ; April 23, 1791 – Juin 1, 1868) wis the 15t Preses o the Unitit States (1857–61), servin immediately prior tae the American Ceevil War. He representit Pennsylvanie in the Unitit States Hoose o Representatives an later the Senate, then served as Meenister tae Roushie unner Preses Andrew Jackson. He wis named Secretar of State unner Preses James K. Polk, an is the last umwhile Secretar o State tae serve as Preses o the Unitit States. Efter Buchanan turned doun an offer tae sit on the Supreme Coort, Preses Franklin Pierce appyntit him Ambassador tae the Unitit Kinrick, in which capacity he helped draft the Ostend Manifesto.
Kurgan (disambiguation)
Kurgan is a tumulus or burial moond in Eurasie, but especially in Roushie an Ukraine.
Kurgan mey refer tae an aw:
Digora
Digora (Дигора́; Дигорӕ, Digoræ) is a toun an the admeenistrative center o Digorsky Destrict o the Republic o North Ossetie-Alanie, Roushie, locatit 49 km northwast o Vladikavkaz on the Ursdon River (left tributary o the Terek). Population:
Foondit in 1852 as the aul o Volno-Khristianovsky (Во́льно-Христиа́новский), an later renamit the selo o Novokhristianovskoye (Новохристиа́новское) an Khristianovskoye (Христиа́новское), it wis feenally gien its present name in 1934. It wis grantit toun status in 1964.
Culross
Culross (pronoonced "Coo-ros", Gaelic: Cuileann Ros)is a clachan locate on the Firth o Forth aboot 5 mile east o Kincardine. The clachan is thocht tae hae been foondit bi Saunt Serf an tae hae been the birthplace o Saunt Mungo.
It uisst tae be a muckle centre o coal minin an the first mine wis foondit bi George Bruce o Carnock, that biggit hissel a muckle hoose that he cried a pailace (Culross Pailace is aye open tae the public, unner the care o the National Trust for Scotland). The mine wis the first mine in the warld that gaed oot unner the sea. The ither heidmaist industry in the clachan wis pannin for saut.
Thare's mony ither braw biggins unner the care o the NTS, includin The Study an Culross Abbey.
Volga (disambiguation)
The Volga is a river o Roushie.
Volga mey refer tae an aw:
Great Bernera
Great Bernera (Scots Gaelic: Bearnaraigh Mòr) is a wee island, by Lewis.
Ford Verona
The Ford Verona wis a caur sauld in Brazil in the 1990s. It wis a locally designed twa-door saloon version o the European Ford Orion Mk 1, intendit tae cater tae Brazilian demand for twa-door sedans (nae twa-door Orion wis available in Europe). It an aa featurt the vera efficient CHT 1.6 ingine an, in the tap version, the Volkswagen AP 1.8 liter ingine (same that wis an aa uised in the Audi 80). It wis an aa slichtly different frae the Ford Orion mechanically.
In 1993 came a new generation, based on the European Ford Orion Mk 3 (the last o European Orion). This version wis pouered bi the classic Volkswagen AP ingine insteid o the traditional CHT ingine an the gearbox frae the Volkswagen Jetta. Thare wis a successfu fower-door sedan version as well.
Ivanhoe
Ivanhoe is a novel bi Walter Scott. It wis set furth in 1819 an set in 12t-century Ingland, an ensample o historical fiction. Ivanhoe is whiles gied credit fer hulpin tae heize up popular intress in the middle eilds in 19t-century Europe an Americae.
Ford Verona
The Verona wis available till 1996, when it wis nae langer produced.
Ivanhoe
The story is anent a Saxon knicht, Wilfred o Ivanhoe, ane o the hinmaist Saxons in the Inglis nobility, that's maistly Norman French at the time o the novel. Ithir chairacters include Robin Hood - the wey Scott wrate aboot him in this novel wis tae hae a muckle influence on hou fowk wis tae see this canty outlaw in later leeteratur an films.
The novel haes been adaptit monie times for televeision, wi sic actors as Roger Moore, Errol Flynn an Anthony Andrews playin the heid pairt.
Boaco Depairtment
Boaco is a depairtment in Nicaragua. It wis formit in 1938 oot o pairt o Chontales Department. It covers an aurie o 4,244 km² an haes a population o 171,000 (2006, est.). The caipital is the ceety o Boaco. Indigenous peoples are the Nuhuas an Sumos.
Volzhsky
Volzhsky (masculine), Volzhskaya (feminine), or Volzhskoye (neuter) mey refer tae:
Pulkovo Airport
Pulkovo Airport (Аэропо́рт Пу́лково, Aeroport Pulkovo) is an internaitional airport servin Saunt Petersburg, Roushie. It consists o twa terminals, Pulkovo-1 (serving mostly domestic flights) an Pulkovo-2 (internaitional flichts), which are locatit aboot 20 km an 17 km sooth o the ceety centre, respectively. The airport serves as a hub for Rossiya Airlines (umwhile Pulkovo Aviation Enterprise), and as focus ceety for Nordavia. In 2012 roughly 11.2 million passengers travelled throu Pulkovo airport, makkin it the 3rd busiest airport in Roushie.
Cúcuta
Cúcuta is a Colombie ceety, caipital o Norte de Santander.
Yamaha DT
The Yamaha DT is a series o mopeds an motorcycles produced bi the Yamaha Motor Company. Models in the DT series feature an ingine displacement o 50 tae 400 cc (3.1 tae 24 cu in). The first DT model, the DT-1, wis released in 1968 an quickly sold through its initial 12,000 production run.
The DT series wis creatit bi Yamaha in the late 1960s when the Unitit States motorcycle market wis doun. Market research bi Yamaha indicatit that, despite slow motorcycle sales, there wis a lairgely untapped market for off-road motorcycles. At the time, anerlie a few specialty European manufacturers such as Bultaco an Husqvarna made motorcycles specifically for off-road uise. Instead, mony awners purchased road motorcycles an modified them for off-road uise, typically bi raisin the muffler. Such modifications wur commonly kent as creatin scramblers. The first DT model, the DT-1, wis released in late 1967 an quickly sold oot. The DT series, an the DT-1 in particular, hae been creditit wi inventin the trail bike category o motorcycle.
Batken
Batken (an aa cawed Batkent) is a sma toun o aboot 12,000 population, in soothwastren Kyrgyzstan, on the soothren fringe o the Fergana Valley. Its geographical location is 40.06667°N, 70.83333°W. It is the caipital o the Batken Province.
History
The name Batkent is frae the Iranian leid o Sogdian an means "The ceety o wind".
Batken became the administrative heidquarters o the yungest o Kyrgyzstan's seiven oblasts, creatit frae the three wastrenmaist raions o the umwhile Osh oblast in 1999, efter concerns ower radical Islamist activities in neighborin Tajikistan an Uzbekistan led tae demands for a mair direct an visible governmental presence in this remote an muntainous region. There is a sma airport an, since 2000, a sma university as well.
Kars
Kars (Կարս Kars or Ղարս Ghars, Qars) is a ceety in northeast Turkey an the caipital o the Kars Province.
History
As Chorzene, the toun appears in Roman historiography (Strabo) as pairt o auncient Armenie. For the etymological oreegin o the name "Kars", some sources claim it is derived frae the Georgian wird ყარსი ("kari"), meanin "the gate" while ither sources claim it is frae the Armenian wird "հարս" ("hars") which means bride.
Medieval period
Little is kent o the early history o Kars ayont the fact that it haed its awn dynasty o Armenian rulers an wis the caipital o a region kent as Vanand. Medieval Armenian historians referred tae the ceety bi a variety o names, includin "Karuts' K'aghak'" (Kars ceety), "Karuts' Berd", "Amrots'n Karuts'" (baith meanin Kars Fortress) an "Amurn Karuts'" (Sturdy Kars). At some pynt in the nint century (at least bi 888) it became pairt o the territory o the Armenian Bagratunis. For a short time (frae 928 tae 961) Kars became the caipital o thair kinrick. It wis durin this period that the toun's cathedral, later kent as the Kirk o the Holy Apostles, wis biggit.
In 963, shortly efter the Bagratuni caipital wis transferred tae Ani, Kars became the caipital o a separate independent kinrick, again cried Vanand. The extent o its actual unthirldom frae the Kinrick o Ani is uncertain: it wis aye held bi relatives o the rulers o Ani, an efter Ani's captur bi the Byzantine Empire in 1045 the Bagratuni title Keeng o Keengs held bi the ruler o Ani wis transferred tae the ruler o Kars. In 1064, juist efter the captur o Ani bi the Seljuk Turks, the Armenian keeng o Kars, Gagik-Abas, peyed hamage tae the victorious Turks, sae that thay wad no lay siege tae his ceety. In 1065 Gagik-Abas cedit control o Kars tae the Byzantine Empire, but suin efter thay lost it tae the Seljuk Turks.
In 1206/1207 the ceety wis captured bi the Georgians an gien tae the same Zakarid faimily who ruled Ani. Thay retained control o Kars till the late 1230s, efter which it haed Turkis rulers. In 1387 the ceety surrendered tae Timur (Tamerlane) an its fortifications wur damaged. Anatolian beyliks followed till 1534, when the Ottoman airmy captured the ceety. The fortifications o the ceety wur rebuilt bi the Ottoman Sultan Murad III an wur strang eneuch tae athstand a siege bi Nadir Shah o Persie, in 1731. It became the heid o a sanjak in the Ottoman Erzurum Vilayet.
Russian admeenistration
In 1807 Kars successfully resistit an attack bi the Roushie Empire. Efter anither siege in 1828 the ceety wis surrendered on Juin 23, 1828 tae the Roushie general Count Ivan Paskevich, 11,000 men acomin prisoners of war. Awtho it later returned tae Ottoman control, the new mairch atween the Ottoman Empire an Roushie wis nou much closer tae Kars. During the Crimean War a Ottoman garrison led bi Breetish officers includin General William Fenwick Williams kept the Roushies at bay durin a protracted siege; but efter the garrison haed been devastated bi cholera an fuid supplies haed failed, the toun wis surrendered tae General Mouravieff in November 1855.
The fortress wis again stormed bi the Roushies in the Battle o Kars during the Russo-Turkish War, 1877-78 unner generals Loris-Melikov an Ivan Lazarev. Follaein the war, Kars wis transferred tae Roushie bi the Treaty of San Stefano. Kars became the caipital of Kars Oblast (province), comprising the districts of Kars, Ardahan, Kaghisman, an Olti.
Frae 1878-1881 mair nor 82,000 Muslims frae formerly Ottoman-controlled territory migrated tae the Ottoman Empire. Amang thae thare war mair nor 11,000 people frae the ceety of Kars. At the same time, mony Armenians an Pontic Greeks migrated tae the region frae the Ottoman Empire an ither regions of Transcaucasia. Accordin tae the Roushie census data, bi 1892 Roushies formed 7% o the population, Greeks 13.5%, Kurds 15%, Armenians 21.5%, Turks 24%, Karapapakhs 14%, an Turkmen war 5% o the population of Kars Oblast of Roushie Empire.
Warld War I
In the First Warld War, the ceety wis ane o the main objectives o the Ottoman airmy durin the Battle o Sarikamish in the Caucasus Campaign. Roushie cedit Kars, Ardahan an Batum tae the Ottoman Empire unner the Treaty o Brest-Litovsk on Mairch 3, 1918. Housomeivver, bi then Kars wis unner the effective control o Armenian an non-Bolshevik Roushie forces. The Ottoman empire captured Kars on Aprile 25, 1918, but unner the Armistice o Mudros (October 1918) wis required tae athdraw tae its 1914 frontier. The Ottomans refused tae relinquish Kars, its military govrenor insteid constituting a proveesional govrenment, the Proveesional Naitional Govrenment o the Soothwastren Caucasus, led bi Fahrettin Pirioglu, that claimed Turkis sovereignty ower Kars an the Turkis-speakin an Islamic neighborin regions as far as Batumi an Alexandropol (Gyumri). Muckle o the region fell unner the admeenistrative control o Armenie in Januar 1919 but the pro-Turkis govrenment remained in the ceety till the arrival o the Breetish troops, who dissolved it on Aprile 19, 1919, arrestin its leaders an sendin them tae Maltae. In Mey 1919 Kars came unner the full admeenistration o the Armenian Republic an became the caipital o its Vanand province.
Skirmishes atween Turkish revolutionaries an Armenian mairch troops in Olti led tae an invasion o the Armenian Republic bi fower Turkish divisions unner the command of General Kâzım Karabekir, triggering the Turkish-Armenian War. The war led tae the captur o Kars bi Turkis forces on October 30, 1920. The terms o the Treaty o Alexandropol, signed bi the representatives o Armenie an Turkey on December 2, 1920, forced Armenie tae cede mair nor 50% o its pre-war territory an tae gie up aw the territories grantit tae it at the Treaty o Sèvres.
Efter the Bolshevik advance intae Armenie, the Alexandropol treaty wis supersedit bi the Treaty o Kars (October 23, 1921), signed atween Turkey an the Soviet Union. The treaty allowed for Soviet annexation of Adjara in exchange for Turkis control o the regions o Kars, Igdir, an Ardahan. The treaty established peaceful relations atween the twa naitions, but as early as 1939, some Breetish diplomats notit indications that the Soviet Union wis no satisfee'd wi the established border. On mair nor ane occasion, the Soviets attemptit tae renegotiate wi Turkey tae at least allou the Armenians access tae the auncient ruins o Ani. Housomeivver, the govrenment in Ankara refused thir attempts.
Recent history
Efter Warld War II, the Soviet Union attemptit tae annul the Kars treaty an regain the Kars region an the adjoinin region o Ardahan. On Juin 7, 1945, Soviet Foreign Meenister Vyacheslav Molotov tauld the Turkis ambassador tae Moscow Selim Sarper that the regions shoud be returned tae the Soviet Union, in the name o baith the Georgian an Armenian republics. Turkey foond itsel in a difficult poseetion: it wantit guid relations wi the Soviet Union, but at the same time thay refused tae gie up the territories. Turkey itsel wis in nae condeetion tae fecht a war wi the Soviet Union, which haed emerged as a superpouer efter the seicont warld war. Bi the hairst o 1945, Soviet troops in the Caucasus wur awready assemblin for a possible invasion o Turkey. The Breetish prime meenister Winston Churchill objectit tae thir territorial claims, while Preses Harry S. Truman o the Unitit States felt that this matter shouldna concern ither pairties. The Cauld War wis juist beginnin.
Sister ceeties
The municipality o Kars haes developit sister ceety relationships wi follaein ceeties at hame an abroad:
Gantofta
Gantofta is a locality situatit in Helsingborg Municipality, Skåne Coonty, Swaden wi 1587 inhabitants in 2011.
Sports
The follaein sports clubs are locatit in Gantofta:
Hansen
Hansen mey refer tae:
Badiraguato Municipality
Badiraguato is a municipality in Sinaloa in northwastren Mexico. The seat o the municipality is in the sma toun o Badiraguato. It is the birthplace o Joaquín Guzmán Loera, Mexico's maist pouerful drug laird.
San Benedetto del Tronto
San Benedetto del Tronto (Sammenedèttë in the local dialect) is a ceety an comune in the province o Ascoli Piceno, Marche, Italy.
Hansen
Fowk wi the surname Hansen:
San Benedetto del Tronto
Twin towns – Sister cities
San Benedetto del Tronto is twinned wi:
Hansen
Ither:
Ripollès
Ripollès is a comarca (coonty) in Catalonie, Spainie. It is locatit in the Ribes an Camprodon river valleys. In 2001, its population wis 25,744, aboot 40% o whom livit in the caipital, Ripoll.
Ripollès borders the comarques o Cerdanya (comarca)Baixa Cerdanya, Berguedà, Osona, Garrotxa, an – athort the border in Fraunce – Vallespir, Conflent, an Alta Cerdanya.
Stephanie Salas
Stephanie Salas Pasquel (born 5 Februar 1970) is a Mexican sangster an actress. Salas wis born intae ane o the maist famous showbusiness faimilies in aw o Mexico. Her mither is actress Sylvia Pasquel; her grandmither is legendar actress Silvia Pinal; her grandfaither wis the actor an director Rafael Banquells; an her aunts are actress Viridiana Alatriste an sangster Alejandra Guzmán. She haes a dochter, Michelle Salas (b. 1989), wi sangster Luis Miguel.
NPO Mashinostroyeniya
NPO mashinostroyeniya (Cyrillic: "НПО машиностроения") is a rocket design bureau based in Reutov, Roushie. Durin the cauld war it wis responsible for several major wappens seestems, includin the SS-19 Intercontinental ballistic missile an the militar Almaz space station program.
Indie is NPO's seicont lairgest customer efter Roushie for sale o P-70 Ametist, BrahMos, P-800 Oniks an possibly the P-500 Bazalt
Gait
The gait (Capra aegagrus hircus) is for ordinar kent as a hamelt breed o the wild gait frae soothwast Asie an Eastren Europe. The gait is aucht the Bovidae faimlie an is gey sib tae the sheep, baith bein pairt o the gait an antelope subfaimlie Caprinae.
Górnik Zabrze
Górnik Zabrze is a fitbaw team frae the ceety o Zabrze, Poland. Thay war foondit in 1948. They play thair gemmes at the Ernest Pohl Arena in Zabrze. The Ernest Pohl Arena haes 718,000 seats.
Gran Morelos
Gran Morelos is ane o the 67 municipalities o Chihuahua, in northren Mexico. The municipal seat lees at San Nicolás de Carretas. The municipality covers an aurie o 424.2 km².
James M. Buchanan
Buchanan deit on 9 Januar 2013, in Blacksburg, Virginia. He wis 93 an he deit frae naitural causes.
Volzhsky Destrict
Volzhsky Destrict is the name o several admeenistrative an municipal destricts in Roushie. The destricts are generally namit efter the Volga River, a major river in Roushie.
Scots Leid Associe
The Scots Leid Associe (kent in Inglis as the Scots Language Society) is a bodie that warks for the furdal o the Scots leid in "leiterature, drama, the media, education an ilka day uiss". It wis foundit in 1972, an haes about 350 memmers the nou.
The SLA sets furth a bi-annual journal, Lallans, that's nou a 144-page magazine wi prose, musardrie, reviews, news etc. aw in Scots. It's furthset wi help by the Scottish Arts Council. Lallans is postit free tae memmers o the SLA, an it is estimate that it haes a readership o about a thousan, syne copies is also postit tae libraries an siclike.
As weil as thon, the SLA hauds its "Annual Collogue" a meetin wi writin competeitions for fowk o aw ages, talks, muisic etc. This last aw day, for ordinar.
The SLA sees itsel as pairt o a "faimily" o Scots organisations, an is pairt o the Scots Leid Cross-Pairty Group at the Scots Pairlament.
Armenie leid
Armenie (հայերեն լեզու, hayeren lezu or hayeren) is a Indo-European leid. It is the naitional leid o the Republic o Armenie an is spak in pairts o Georgie an aw. It haes aboot sieven million speakers athort the warld.
Sinaloa Municipality
Sinaloa is a municipality in Sinaloa in northwastren Mexico.
References
Sinaloa (Sinaloa)
Camila Sodi
Camila Sodi (born 14 Mey 1986 in Mexico Ceety) is a Mexican actress, model an sangster. She is the niece o actress an sangster Thalía an pairt o the Sodi faimily.
Biografie
Camila Sodi's mither is Ernestina Sodi, an editor. She began her career as a model an wis the host o a muisic video show on the Mexican cable network TeleHit. She actit in the telenovela Inocente de Ti with Valentino Lanús an Helena Rojo in 2004–2005.
On 5 Februar 2008, Sodi marriet Mexican actor Diego Luna. Sodi gave birth tae her son namit Jerónimo Luna on 12 August 2008. Sodi gave birth tae her dochter Fiona Luna on 1 Julie 2010. She is namit efter Diego Luna's mither, who wis killed in a caur accident whan he wis two.
Badiraguato
Badiraguato - sma ceety an seat o the Badiraguato Municipality in the Mexican state o Sinaloa. It staunds at 25.15833°N, -106.97361°W.
The ceety reportit 3,562 an the municipality 37,757 indwallers in the year 2005 census. It is the birthplace o Joaquín Guzmán Loera, Mexico's maist pouerful drug laird.
Badiraguato is locatit near the municipality o Culiacán, the Sierra Madre Occidental which cross Badiraguato gies tae the municipality temperate forest ecoseestems.
Clan Calder
Oreegins o the Clan
The name Calder is believed tae derive frae the Scots name for a sma stream. Hugh de Cadella, a French knicht wis creatit Thane o Calder, later tae be kent as Cawdor in Nairn, Scotland. Hugh de Kaledouer wis a witness tae a chairter o land near Montrose in aroond 1178.
Badiraguato
Badiraguato haes a variet climate an aw, sae it haes frae het an arid, tae snawy forests in his heicher pairts, some climates variate frae the hettest (44.5 celsius degrees) tae the cauldest(9 degrees belaw zero)
Clan Calder
History
The Calders wur great nobles an held lands aroond the ceety o Inverness frae the 14t century onwards. The touer that stands at the centre o Cawdor Castle wis biggit bi the Calders in aroond 1454.
The Calders mairit intae ither local families parteecularly the Clan Rose who wur Barons o Kilravock.
Unfortunately thair ascendancy came tae an end when Archibald Campbell, Earl o Argyll wis alang wi Hugh Rose o Kilravock appointit guardians tae the infant female heir o the Calder faimily. Campbell tried tae tak the infant female tae Inverary tae be educated. This wis opposed bi her uncles Alexander an Hugh Calder who chased them tae Strathnarin but efter considerable loss o life she wis safely delivered tae Inverary. She wis brocht up as a Campbell an mairit Sir John Campbell o Argyll.
Muriel the last o the Calders dee'd aroond 1575 but her descendent John Campbell o Cawdor wis raised tae the peerage as Lord Cawdor in 1796, an his son wis creatit first Earl o Cawdor in 1827. The name Calder did no dee oot, housomeivver, an the Calders o Asswanly received lands near Elgin in 1440. Margaret Calder the dochter o Sir William Calder o Calder mairit John Munro o Foulis, Chief o the Clan Munro. The Calders o Asswanly received a baronetcy o Nova Scotia in 1686.
Ardon, North Ossetie-Alanie
Ardon (Ардо́н; Ӕрыдон) is a toun an the admeenistrative center o Ardonsky Destrict o the Republic o North Ossetie-Alanie, Roushie, locatit in the central pairt o the republic on the wast bank o the Ardon River, 39 km northwest o the republic's caipital Vladikavkaz. Population:
Gerald Edelman
Gerald Maurice Edelman (1 Julie 1929 – 17 Mey 2014) wis an American biologist. He sharit the 1972 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine wi Rodney Robert Porter. Thay won the awaird for thair wirk on the immune system. Edelman's Nobel Prize-winnin research concernit discovery o the structur of antibody molecules.
Ardon, North Ossetie-Alanie
It wis foondit in 1824 an wis grantit toun status in 1964.
The toun is an important road an rail junction at the heid o a branch line tae the soothren toun o Alagir. Till 1964, it wis anerlie a veelage, afore it wis transformit intae an industrial-agricultural hub wi a cannery, hemp processin factory, an ither facilities for fuid an agricultural processin.
Cerdanya (comarca)
Cerdanya is a comarca in northren Catalonie, north-eastren Spain, in the Pyrenees, on the border o Catalonie wi Fraunce an Andorrae. Athin Catalonie. Cerdanya is dividit atween Catalonie provinces o Lleida an Girona. Cerdanya's neebourin comarques are Alt Urgell, Berguedà, an Ripollès.
Cerdanya is in the "vegueria" o Alt Pirineu (or Alto Pirineo), accordin tae "Vegueries o Catalonie law".
The aurie is sometimes cried Baixa Cerdanya (literally "Lower Cerdanya") tae distinguish it from Alta Cerdanya ("Upper Cerdanya") which wis cedit tae Fraunce bi the Treaty o the Pyrenees in 1659.
Can be distinguished the "subcomarques" or "subcomarcas" o la Batllia or petita Cerdanya, an el Baridà.
Lapland
Lapland micht can refer tae:
Innocenti De Tomaso
The Innocenti De Tomaso wis a automobile producit bi Nuova Innocenti frae 1976 tae 1992. The 4-cylinder version wis producit atween 1976 an 1982, the 3-cylinder Turbo version wis producit atween 1983 an 1989.
Innocenti, unner the awnership o the British Leyland Motor Corporation (BLMC) developit reboukit versions o the Mini, the Innocenti Mini 90L ad 120L, which wur released in 1974. Housomeivver, athin a year o the caur's launch, BLMC went bankrupt an Innocenti wis sauld tae the Italian sports caur maker, De Tomaso, in 1975.
Follaein the sale tae De Tomaso, an updatit version o the Mini 120L wis launched in 1976, producin a uiseful 71 bhp (74 bhp frae 1978 onwairds); kept simply as the Innocenti De Tomaso, this version featurt moulded plastic bumpers (in place o the oreeginal chrome items), wi integral front foglamps an a go-faster air intak muntit on the bonnet.
In 1982, the caur was renamit the 3C as the company replacit the Mini unnerpinnins wi the chassis an straicht-3 cylinder ingines sourcit frae the Daihatsu Charade. The base model wis nou cried the Innocenti 990, whilk the Innocenti De Tomaso nou receivit a turbochairgit version o the 993 cc pouer plant, a diesel variant wis available.
Freemit airtins
Innocenti Mini
Kubinka
Kubinka (Ку́бинка) is a toun in Odintsovsky Destrict o Moscow Oblast, Roushie, locatit on the Setun River, 63 km wast o Moscow. Population:
Kubinka wis the location o the Soviet Union's tank pruivin grunds, an the day is the hame o the Kubinka Tank Museum. It is the location o the MAPO aircraft Maintenance Factory an the Kubinka air base an aw.
The toun is linkit bi the suburban rail tae Moscow's Belorussky railwey station.
The veelage wis foondit in the 15t century an mey hae been namit efter Prince Ivan Kubensky, a prominent local laund awner. It grew in importance efter mid-19t century whan the Moscow-Smolensk railwey passed throu the aurie. The militar test range for tanks wis opened in 1931 an the militar airbase opened suin efterwairds. Toun status grantit tae Kubinka in 2004.
Centre for the Scots Leid
The Centre for the Scots Leid (CSL) is a curn that wirks tae promote the uiss o Scots an gie information an wittins aboot whit's gaun on in the Scots leid warld.
History
The CSL wis stairtit in 1994, unner the name o The Scots Language Resource Centre. It cam about frae an ineetiative begoud by the Scots Leid Associe. They got support frae the Perth Cooncil an a space wis fund for thaim tae hae an office in the AK Bell Librar in Perth, that wis bein biggit at thon time, the office is aye in the same steid the day. The first director o the Centre wis Stuart McHardy. The Buird Convenor wis Chairlie Jones frae the Varsity o Edinburgh.
Privolzhsky
Privolzhsky (masculine), Privolzhskaya (feminine), or Privolzhskoye (neuter) mey refer tae:
Centre for the Scots Leid
Wabsite
The CSL's wark is tae gaither in an pit oot information aboot Scots an maist o this wark is duin on their wabsite, that haes wittins, airticles, spoken wird recordins, blogs an ithir featurs. Maist o the site is in baith Scots an Inglis, tho pairts o it is juist in ane o thir leids, sic as the blogs, that's juist in Scots. Ane o the featurs is the Scots Wurd o the Week, that's taen frae the Herald Newspaper, an can be heard in a wee soondclip file read by sic fowk as actress Joyce, makar Rab Wilson an Alasdair Allan MSP.
Mair oot ower the CSL rins an annual programme o its ain online events an featurs.
Fowk that's wantin wittins o whit's gaun on in the warld o the Scots leid can sign up tae a mailin list frae the Centre on the wabsite, that sends oot emails ilka month tellin fowk whit's comin in the near an furder aff future, sic as the SLA's Collogue, scrievin compeetitions, talks etc.
Relationship wi ither Scots leid groups
Syne the CSL gies a space whaur fowk can gie wittins an find oot whit's gaun on, it haes richt freendly relationships wi ither groups an single bodies that's aye dargin tae gie the leid mair o a staundin in ilka day life. Mair speceefically, the CSL wirks wi a reenge o pairtners, amang them can be coontit the National Library of Scotland, the Scottish Poetry Library, the Herald an the Lorimer Trust.
Choix Municipality
Municipality o Choix is a municipality in Sinaloa in northwastren Mexico.
Pashto leid
Pashto (Naskh: پښتو ; forby transliteratit Pakhto, Pushto, Pukhto, Pashtu, or Pushtu), cried Afghani an aa, is a member o the Eastren Iranian leids group which is spoken primarily bi the Pashtun fowk in Afghanistan an Pakistan, as well as bi the Pashtun diaspora athort the globe.
Quaiker
The Religious Society of Friends (or Quaikers ) bes a releegious muivment foondit in the 1640s bi an Inglesman cawed George Fox. Wereldwide, the Society has near a million memmers, maist notablie in the Unitit Kinrick, the Unitit States an Bolivia. The releegion is baist aroond the thocht that the revelaitioun o God can come tae anyan wha beleefs an waits in the spirit o God in stillness. In Britain, maist Quaikers warstle wi keepin tae thems "testimonies", whit be:
Maynooth
Maynooth is a varsity toun in Coonty Kildare.
Berrechid
Berrechid is a ceety in wastren Morocco, locatit 36.77 km (22.85 mi) frae Casablanca.
Magadan Oblast
Magadan Oblast (Магада́нская о́бласть, Magadanskaya oblast) is a federal subject o Roushie (an oblast) in the Far Eastren Federal Destrict. Its admeenistrative center is the ceety o Magadan. Population: 156,996 (2010 Census).
The oblast borders in the north wi Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, in the east wi Kamchatka Krai, in the sooth wi Khabarovsk Krai, an in the wast wi the Sakha Republic.
Bella Vista Norte
Bella Vista is a border toun in northeast o Paraguay, borderin the Brazilian toun o Bela Vista. Baith touns ar dividit bi the Apa River, ae connectit bi a borderbridge. Sma toun in bonnie northren region o Amambay. Gettin thare is possible bi way o Brasil or ower a red earth road frae the Paraguayan kintra-side.
Buckinghamshire
Buckinghamshire ( or ; airchaically the Coonty o Buckingham; abbreviatit Bucks) is a ceremonial an nan-metropolitan hame coonty in Sooth East Ingland. The coonty toun is Aylesbury, the lairgest toun in the ceremonial coonty is Milton Keynes an lairgest toun in the nan-metropolitan coonty is High Wycombe.
The aurie unner the control o Buckinghamshire County Council, or shire coonty, is dividit intae fower destricts—Aylesbury Vale, Chiltern, South Bucks an Wycombe. The Borough of Milton Keynes is a unitary authority an forms pairt o the coonty for sindry functions such as Laird Lieutenant but does no come unner coonty cooncil control.
Zavolzhsky
Zavolzhsky (masculine), Zavolzhskaya (feminine), or Zavolzhskoye (neuter) mey refer tae:
Šibenik
Šibenik (Sebenico in Italian) is a historic toun in Croatie, locatit in central Dalmatie whaur the river Krka flows intae the Adriatic Sea.
Internaitional relations
Šibenik is twinned wi:
Windsor
Windsor mey refer tae (aw derivin frae Windsor, Berkshire):
Alba Iulia
Alba Iulia (Karlsburg, Carlsburg or Weißenburg, Gyulafehérvár, Apulum in the Roman period, later Alba Iulia or Alba Yulia; Ottoman Turkish: Erdel Belgradı or Belgrad-ı Erdel) is a ceety locatit on the Mureş River in Alba Coonty, Transylvanie, Romanie, wi a population o 58,681.
Twin touns — Sister ceeties
Alba Iulia is twinned wi:
Volzhsky (inhabitit locality)
Volzhsky (Во́лжский; masculine), Volzhskaya (Во́лжская; feminine), or Volzhskoye (Во́лжское; neuter) is the name o several inhabitit localities in Roushie.
Dún Laoghaire
Dún Laoghaire is a toun an sea-port in Coonty Dublin to the sootheast o Dublin.
Etymology
The name comes frae Lóegaire mac Néill, a High King o Ireland who usetit as a military base. The name in Erse means Fort o Lóegaire.
Ford Model 48
The Model 48 wis an update on Ford's V8-pouered Model 40A, the company's main product. Introduced in 1935, the Model 48 wis gien a cosmetic refresh annually, begettin the 1937 Ford afore bein thoroughly redesigned for 1941. The 1935 Ford's combination o price, practicality, an luiks vaultit the company ahead o rival Chevrolet for the sales croun that year, wi 820,000 sauld.
1935
The 1935 Ford wis a thorough refresh on the popular V8-pouered Ford. The fower-cylinder Model A ingine wis nae langer offered, leavin juist the 221 CID (3.6 L) V8 tae pouer every Ford caur an truck. The transverse leaf spring suspension remained, but the front spring wis relocatit ahead o the axle tae allaw mair interior volume. The body wis lawered an new "Center-Poise" seatin improved comfort.
Visually, the 1935 Ford wis muckle mair modren wi the grille pushed forrit an made mair prominent bi de-emphasized an mair-integratit fenders. A major advance wis a true integratit trunk on "trunkback" sedans, tho the traditional "flatback" wis an aa offered. Ootdatit body styles lik the Victoria wur an aa deletit for the year.
Twa trim lines wur offered, standard an DeLuxe, across a nummer o body styles includin a base roadster, five-windae coupe, three-windae coupe, Tudor an Fordor sedans in flatback or trunkback versions, a convertible sedan, a woody station wagon, an new Model 51 truck. Rumble seats wur optional on coupe model.
1936
Chevrolet regained the sales lead at the end o 1936, but the Ford still sauld extremely well. A new club cabriolet model wis introduced wi a fully-framed windshield an weatherproof tap, an the convertible sedan gained the popular integratit trunkback design.
The leuk wis updated wi an invertit pentagonal grille wi aw-vertical bars beneath a prominent huid an three horizontal chrome side strips (on DeLuxe models). A concealed horn, lang a prominent pairt o the Ford's design, brocht the caur intae modren times an aa. The new trucks continued wi the auld grille. Ither major changes for 1936 wur the uise o pressed steel "artillery" solit wheels insteid o wire wheels.
Madrilian dialect
Madrilian dialect (Madrileño) is a variety o the Spaingie leid that's spak in Madrid.
William Howard Taft
William Howard Taft (15 September 1857 – 8 Mairch 1930) wis the 27nt Preses o the Unitit States frae 1909 tae 1913, an aa later Chief Juistice o the Unitit States, the anerly person tae hae held baith offices. Taft wis electit preses in 1908, the chuisen successor o Theodore Roosevelt, but wis defeatit for re-election bi Woodrow Wilson in 1912 efter Roosevelt split the Republican vote bi runnin as a third-pairty candidate. In 1921, Preses Warren G. Harding appyntit Taft tae be chief juistice, a poseetion in that he served till a month afore his daith.
Taft wis born in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1857. His faither, Alphonso Taft, wis a U.S. Attorney General an Secretar o War. Taft attendit Yale an, lik his faither, wis a member o Skull and Bones. Efter acomin a lawer, Taft wis appyntit a juidge while still in his twenties. He conteena'd a fest rise, bein named Soleecitor General an as a juidge o the Saxt Circuit Coort o Appeals. In 1901, Preses William McKinley appyntit Taft ceevilian govrenor o the Philippines. In 1904, Roosevelt made him Secretar o War, an he becam Roosevelt's haund-picked successor. Despite his personal ambeetion tae acome chief juistice, Taft declined repeatit offers o appyntment tae the Supreme Coort o the Unitit States, believin his poleetical wark tae be mair important.
Wi Roosevelt's help, Taft haed little opposeetion for the Republican nomination for preses in 1908 an easily defeatit William Jennings Bryan for the presidency that November. In the White House, he focused on East Asie mair nor European affairs an repeatitly intervened tae prop up or remuive Laitin American govrenments. Taft socht reductions tae tred tariffs, then a major soorce o govrenmental income, but the resultin bill wis hivily influenced bi special interests. His admeenistration wis filled wi conflict atween the conservative weeng o the Republican Pairty, wi that Taft eften sympathized, an the progressive weeng, taewart that Roosevelt muived mair an mair. Controversies ower conservation an antitrust cases filed bi the Taft admeenistration served tae faur separate the twa men. Roosevelt challenged Taft for renomination in 1912. Taft uised his control o the pairty machinery tae gain a bare majority o delegates an Roosevelt bowtit the pairty. The split left Taft wi little chance o re-election an he teuk anerly Utah an Vermont in Wilson's veectory.
Efter leavin office, Taft returned tae Yale as a professor, conteenin his poleetical activity an wirkin against war throu the League tae Enforce Peace. In 1921, Preses Harding appyntit Taft as chief juistice, an office he haed lang socht. Chief Juistice Taft wis a conservative on business issues an unner him thare war advances in individual richts. In puir heal, he resigned in Februar 1930, an dee'd the follaein month. He wis buiried at Arlington Naitional Seemetry, the first preses an first Supreme Coort juistice tae be interred thare. Taft is generally leetit near the middle in historians' rankins o U.S. preses.
Spainish leid
Spainish (español) or Castilien (castellano) is an Iberian Romance leid. It is spak bi 580 million fowk. It is the mucklest braid spak Romance leid. It is the naitional leid o Spainie, Argenteinie, Bolivie, Chile, Columbie, Costa Rica, Cuba, the Dominicae Republict, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, European Union, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, New Mexico (Unitit States), Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Uruguay, an Venezuela, an an offeecial leid o the Unitit Nations.