cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
James Clerk Maxwell
Algebraic mathematics wi elements o geometry is a featur o a hantle o Maxwell's wark. Maxwell shawed that eletric an magnetic forces is twa complementar aspecks o eletromagnetism. He shawed that eletric an magnetic fields traivels throu space, in the form o waves, at a steady velocity o 3.0 × 108 m/s. He proponed forby that licht wis a form o eletromagnetic radiation.
The scienteific compound derived CGS unit meisurin magnetic flux (aften shortent til f), the maxwell (Mx), is named in his honour. A reenge o muntains on Venus, Maxwell Montes, is named efter him, as weel as the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, the mucklest sub-mm astronomical prospect in the warld, wi a diameter o 15 metres, whit wis 30 year auld in 2017. A science biggin at the Varsity o Edinburgh is named efter him, kent as the JCMB biggin. In 2007 a new science biggin at Edinburgh Academy wis named efter him an haed his equations carvit intae the lobby waw. In 2008, a fou-size statue o him wis pitten up in George Street, Edinburgh.
Alnus glutinosa
Alnus glutinosa (aller, arn) is a species in the faimily Betulaceae, hamelt in maist o Europe, includin aw o the Breetish Isles an Fennoscandie an locally in soothwest Aisie.
Al Jahra
Al Jahra (جهراء) is a ceety locatit 32 kilometres (20 mile) north-wast o Kuwait Ceety in Kuwait. Al Jahra is the caipital o the Al Jahra Govrenorate as well as the surroondin Al Jahra Destrict which is agriculturally based. Encyclopædia Britannica recordit the population in 1980 as 67,311. Housomeivver, syne the Gulf War, the population haes appeared tae hae declined, wi a population o 14,658 fowk recorded in 1995 an an estimate o 24,281 as o 2009.
History
Al Jahra was ance dominatit bi agricultural land an began as a sma oasis veelage. Historically it became kent as a notable tradin point for camels an a stoppin place on the wey tae Kuwait Ceety. It gradually grew intae a toun an the historic Red Fort (Qasr Al-Ahmar) o Al Jahra wis built. Al Jahra wis the steid o the Battle o Jahra in 1920, a conflict atween Kuwaiti an Saudi forces. The day there is a naitional monument commemoratin the battle. The conflict wis settled in 1922 when King Abdul Aziz al-Saud recognized the unthirldom o Kuwait in exchynge for territory.
Transport
Al Jahra is locatit 32 kilometres (20 mile) north-wast o Kuwait Ceeity an is connectit bi a series o ring roads. Heich-gate 80 connects the ceety tae Abdaly on the Iraqi border. The heich-gate haes become kent as "The Heich-gate o Daith" due tae its involvement in the Gulf War when the Allee'd troops destroyed an Iraqi convoy. The road wis repaired durin the late 1990s, an wis uised in the initial stages o the 2003 invasion o Iraq bi U.S. an Breetish forces. The day there is a blue sign at the Multa'a Ranch turnaff readin, "God Bless U.S. Troops". The surroondin aurie is desert but tents are aften seen locatit alang the heich-gate. The nearest airport is at Kuwait Internaitional Airport.
Sport
The main fitbaa team is Al Jahra (fitbaa club). They play at the 25,000 capacity Al Shabab Mubarak Alaiar Stadium. They hae wan the Kuwaiti league, unner the auld name o Kuwaiti Premier League ance in 1990. They pairticipatit in the Kuwaiti Premier League 21 times durin the 2007-2008 saison. Al Jahra hae reached the Kuwait Emir Cup Feenal twice in 1996 an 2002, when they lost tae Al Arabi 1-2 an Kuwait Club 0-1 respectively.
Khaima Mall in Al Jahra an aa contains a notable fish mercat.
Coat o airms o Lithuanie
The coat o airms o Lithuanie, consisting o an airmour-clad knight on horseback hauldin an olden swuird an shield, is forby kent as Vytis ("the Chaser"). The Lithuanian coat o airms is ane o the auldest naitional coat o airms in Europe.
Airticle 15 o the Constitution o Lithuanie, approved bi naitional referendum in 1992, stipulates, "The Coat o Airms o the State shall be a white Vytis on a red field". Heraldic shield features the field Gules (red) wi an airmoured knight on a horse salient Argent (white). The knight is holding in his dexter haund a swuird Argent abuin his heid. A shield Azure hangs on the sinister shoulder o the knight wi a dooble cross Or (yellow) on it. The horse saddle, straps, an belts are Azure. The hilt o the swuird an the fastenin o the sheath, the stirrups, the curb bits o the bridle, the horseshoes, as well as the decoration o the harness, are Or (gowd).
The blazon is the follaein:
Gules, a knight airmed cap-à-pie mounted on a horse salient argent, brandishin a swuird proper an maintainin a shield azure chairged wi a cross o Lorraine Or.
Donald Pleasence
Donald Henry Pleasence, OBE (October 5, 1919 – Februar 2, 1995) wis an Inglis actor. Pleasence wis born in Worksop, Nottinghamshire, Ingland. He wis raisit in Lincolnshire, Ingland. Ootthrou his career, Pleasence wis nominatit for fower Tony Awairds. He wan a BAFTA TV Awaird for Best Actor in 1959. In his hale career, Pleasence appearit in ower 200 films.
He made his first film The Dybbuk in 1952. It wis a televeesion film. He actit in several films, lik You Only Live Twice an The Great Escape. Pleasence is kent for his role as Dr. Samuel Loomis in John Carpenter's Halloween. Syne then, he appearit in five oot o the sax films o the Halloween film series. Pleasence didna appear in Halloween III: Season o the Witch acause it wis a different story frae the last twa films.
Pleasence deit at the age of 75 in Saint-Paul-de-Vence, Fraunce, frae complications o hert failur. It wis followin a hert valve replacement surgery.
Early life
Pleasence wis born Donald Henry Pleasence in Worksop, Nottinghamshire, Ingland on October 5, 1919. His parents war Alice an Thomas Pleasence. Pleasence wis raised as a Methodist. He wis raisit in Lincolnshire, Ingland. Pleasence studit at the Ecclesfield School in Yorkshire, Ingland.
In Warld War II, Pleasence wis sent tae ser in the Royal Air Force. He servit wi 166 Squadron, RAF Bomber Command. His war plane wis shot doun in August 1944, in a raid on Agenville. He wis placit in the German prisoner-of-war camp. Pleasence wis releasit afore the war's end in 1945.
Career
In 1939, Pleasence startit wirkin on stage as an assistant stage manager. He made his actin debut as Hareton in the play version o Wuthering Heights. He workit in theatres in Birmingham an Bristol. Later, Pleasence muivit tae Lunnon. Thare, Pleasence appearit as Valentine in Twelfth Night in 1942.
Pleasence made his big-screen debut wi the 1954 film The Beachcomber. Some early roles include Parsons in 1984 (his seicont Orwell film). He appearit in minor roles lik in Barnacle Bill an in The Wind Cannot Read an aa. In Tony Richardson's film, Look Back in Anger, he plays a mercat inspector.
In his later years, he appearit as Lucas Deranian in Walt Disney's Escape to Witch Mountain, Dr. Loomis in Halloween, Dr. Kobras in The Pumaman an the Preses in Escape frae New York. He reprisit his Dr. Loomis role in Halloween II, Halloween 4: The Return o Michael Myers, Halloween 5: The Revenge o Michael Myers an Halloween: The Curse o Michael Myers. Pleasence's actin career endit when he died in 1995.
Awairds
Pleasence wis nominatit fower times for the Tony Awaird. He wis nominatit for Best Performance Bi a Leadin Actor in a Broadway Play. He wis nominatit in 1962 for Harold Pinter's The Caretaker, in 1965 for Jean Anouilh's Poor Bitos, in 1969 for Robert Shaw's The Man in the Glass Booth, an in 1972 for Simon Gray's Wise Child.
Personal life
In the early 1960s, Pleasence recordit several childer's-story records. Thay wur releasit in the Unitit States as Tale Spinners For Children bi Unitit Artists. The stories includit Don Quixote an the Brave Little Tailor. Pleasence made the vyce-ower for the British Public Information Film, The Spirit o Dark an Lonely Water in 1973. He wis the author o the 1977 childer's beuk Scouse the Mouse.
Pleasence wis marriit fower times. Pleasence marrit Miriam Raymond in 1941. Thair marriage endit in divorcit in 1958. Then, Pleasence marrit Josephine Crombie in 1959. Thair marriage endit in divorcit in 1970. Pleasence marrit Meira Shore in 1970. Thair marriage endit in divorcit in 1988. Pleasence wis last marrit to Linda J. Kentwood in 1988. Pleasence wad remain marrit wi Kentwood in 1995.
Pleasence hed five dauchters. He haed twa dauchters wi Raymond. Thay wur Angela an Jean Pleasence. He haed twa dauchters wi Crombie. Thay wur Polly Jo an Lucy. Pleasence haed ae dauchter wi Shore. Her name wis Miranda.
Death
Pleasence deit frae hert failyie efter hert surgery in Saint-Paul-de-Vence, Fraunce on Februar 2, 1995, agit 75. His remains wur later crematit. His last fou film, Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers wis dedicatit in his memory.
Smidovich
Smidovich (Смидович) is an urban locality (an urban-teep dounset) an the admeenistrative centre o Smidovichsky Destrict o the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Roushie. Population:
Kangru (disambiguation)
Kangru mey refer tae several places in Estonie:
Taj Mahal
The Taj Mahal ( eften ; ताज महल, frae Persie/, ultimately frae Arabic, "crown of pailaces", ; an aw "the Taj" ) is a white marble mausoleum locatit in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, Indie. It wis biggit bi Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory o his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal. The Taj Mahal is widely recognised as "the jewel o Muslim airt in Indie an ane o the universally admired masterpieces o the warld's heritage".
Battle o Fawkirk
The Battle o Fawkirk wis ane o the major stramashes o the First Scots Weir o Unthirldom, an wis a veectory for the Kinrick o Ingland. The Battle wis focht on the 22t o Julie 1298 in Fawkirk, in the middlins lawlands o Scotland atween the airmies o the Kinrick o Scotland- wha were led bi William Wallace an the Kinrick o Ingland wha were led bi Edward I o Ingland.
The battle
The Scots airmy wis 6,000 strang an wis makkit up o 5,000 fitmen an 1,000 horse, monie of the Scots fitmen haed lang spears cawed schiltrons that were uised tae fend aff the Inglis horse. The Inglis airmy wis makkit up o 12,500 fitmen an 2,500 horse, an inouth the Inglis airmy were monie airchers - maist o wham were Welsh, forby the airmy haed lairge nummers o hivy horse that were rid bi sodgers wi lang lances.
Coat o airms o Latvie
The Latvian naitional coat o airms wis formed efter the proclamation o an independent Republic o Latvie on November 18, 1918, an wis offeecially adoptit on Juin 16, 1921. It wis especially creatit for its independent statehuid. The naitional coat o airms combines seembols o Latvian naitional statehuid as well as seembols o auncient historical destricts.
The sun in the upper pairt o the coat o airms seembolizes Latvian naitional statehuid. A stylized depiction o the sun wis uised as a seembol o distinction an naitional identity bi the Imperial Roushie Airmy's Latvian Riflemen durin Warld War I. Durin the war the sun figure wis fashioned wi 17 rays that seembolised the 17 Latvian-inhabitit destricts. The three stars abuin the coat o airms embody the idea o the inclusion o historical destricts (Vidzeme, Latgale an combined Courland-Semigalie (Kurzeme-Zemgale) intae the unitit Latvie.
Culturally historical regions are an aa characterized bi aulder heraldic figures, which awready appeared in the 17t century. Courland an Semigalie (Wastren Latvie) are seembolised bi a reid lion, which appears as early as 1569 in the coat o airms o the umwhile Duke o Courland an Semigalie. Vidzeme an Latgale (Eastren Latvie) are seembolised bi the legendary winged siller creature wi an eagle's heid, a griffin. This seembol appeared in 1566, when the territories kent the day as Vidzeme an Latgale haed come unner Lithuanian control.
The Latvian naitional coat o airms wis designed bi the Latvian airtist Rihards Zariņš.
The proper uise o the Latvian coat o airms is firmly regulatit. Three types o seembol are uised - the muckle coat o airms, the sma enhanced coat o airms an the sma coat o airms.
When Latvie wis pairt o Soviet Union, the coat o airms o the Latvian SSR wis uised, this wis replaced bi the 1918 airms again in 1990.
Julius Caesar
In 60 BC, Caesar entered intae a poleetical alliance wi Crassus an Pompey that wis tae dominate Roman politics for several years. Thair attempts tae amass pouer for themselves throu populist tactics wur opposed athin the Roman Senate bi the conservative elite, amang them Cato the Younger wi the frequent support o Cicero. Caesar's conquest o Gaul extendit Roum's territory tae the North Sea, an in 55 BC he conductit the first Roman invasion o Breetain. Thir achievements grantit him unmatched military pouer an threatened tae eclipse Pompey's standin. The balance o pouer wis faur upset bi the daith o Crassus in 53 BC. Political realignments in Roum finally led tae a staund-aff atween Caesar an Pompey, the latter haein taken up the cause o the Senate. Ordered bi the senate tae staund trial in Roum for various chairges, Caesar mairched frae Gaul tae Italy wi his legions, crossin the Rubicon in 49 BC. This spairked a civil war frae which he emerged as the unrivaled leader o the Roman warld.
Efter assumin control o govrenment, he began extensive reforms o Roman society an govrenment. He centralised the bureaucracy o the Republic an wis eventually proclaimed "dictator in perpetuity". A group o senators, led bi Marcus Junius Brutus, assassinatit the dictator on the Ides o Mairch (15 Mairch) 44 BC, hopin tae restore the constitutional govrenment o the Republic. Housomeivver, the result wis a series o civil wars, which ultimately led tae the establishment o the permanent Roman Empire bi Caesar's adoptit heir Octavius (later kent as Augustus). Muckle o Caesar's life is kent frae his awn accoonts o his military campaigns, an ither contemporary soorces, mainly the letters an speeches o Cicero an the historical writins o Sallust. The later biographies o Caesar bi Suetonius an Plutarch are an aa major soorces.
Aram Khachaturian
Aram Il'yich Khachaturian (Арам Ильич Хачатурян; Արամ Խաչատրյան, Aram Xačatryan, ; 6 Juin 1903 – 1 Mey 1978) wis a Soviet Armenie componer an conductor.
Ribosome
The ribosome (frae ribonucleic acid an the Greek soma, meanin "body") is a muckle an complex molecular machine, foond within aw livin cells, that serves as the primary steid o biological protein synthesis (translation). Ribosomes link amino acids thegither in the order specifee'd bi messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules. Ribosomes conseest o twa major components: the smaw ribosomal subunit, that reads the RNA, an the muckle subunit, that jynes amino acids tae form a polypeptide cheen. Ilk subunit is componed o ane or mair ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules an a variety o ribosomal proteins (r-protein or rProtein  ). The ribosomes an associatit molecules are forby kent as the translational apparatus.
Coat o airms o Slovakie
The coat o airms o Slovakie consists o a reid (gules) shield, in early gothic style, chairged wi a silver (argent) double cross staundin on the middle peak o a daurk blue muntain consistin o three peaks. Extremities o the cross are amplificatit, an its ends are concaved.
This seembol represents the Slovak kintra an history. The double cross is a seembol o its Christian faith an the hills represent three seembolic muntain ranges: Tatra, Fatra an Mátra (the last ane is in northren Hungary)
Sergei Rachmaninoff
Sergei Vasilievich Rachmaninoff (Roushie: Серге́й Васи́льевич Рахма́нинов; ; 1 Aprile 1873 – 28 Mairch 1943) wis a Roushie componer, pianist, an conductor.
Gene
A gene is a sequence o DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function. In gene expression, the DNA is first copied intae RNA. The RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for a protein that performs a function. The transmission o genes tae an organism's affspring is the basis o the inheritance o phenotypic traits. Thir genes mak up different DNA sequences cried genoteeps. Genoteeps alang wi environmental an developmental factors determine whit the phenoteeps will be. Maist biological traits are unner the influence o polygenes (mony different genes) as well as gene–environment interactions. Some genetic traits are instantly veesible, sic as ee colour or nummer o limbs, an some are nae, sic as bluid teep, risk for speceefic diseases, or the thoosands o basic biochemical processes that constitute life.
Genes can acquire mutations in thair sequence, leadin tae different variants, kent as alleles, in the population. Thir alleles encode slichtly different versions o a protein, that cause different phenoteepical traits. Uissage o the term "haein a gene" (e.g., "guid genes," "hair colour gene") teepically refers tae conteening a different allele o the same, shared gene. Genes evolve due tae naitural selection or survival o the fittest o the alleles.
The concept o a gene conteenas tae be refined as new phenomena are diskivert. For ensaumple, regulatory regions o a gene can be faur remuived frae its codin regions, an codin regions can be split intae several exons. Some viruses store thair genome in RNA instead o DNA an some gene products are functional non-codin RNAs. Tharefore, a braid, modren wirkin defineetion o a gene is ony discrete locus o heritable, genomic sequence that affect an organism's traits bi bein expressed as a functional product or bi regulation o gene expression.
The term gene wis introduced bi Dens botanist, plant pheesiologist an geneticist Wilhelm Johannsen in 1905. It is inspired bi the auncient Greek: γόνος, gonos, that means affspring an procreation.
Georges Bizet
Georges Bizet (25 October 1838 – 3 Juin 1875), registered at birth as Alexandre César Léopold Bizet, wis a French componer o the romantic era. Best kent for his operas in a career cut short bi his early daith, Bizet achieved few successes afore his feenal wark, Carmen, that haes acome ane o the maist popular an frequently performed warks in the enteer opera repertoire.
In a brilliant student career at the Conservatoire de Paris, Bizet wan mpny prizes, includin the prestigious Prix de Rome in 1857. He wis recognised as an ootstaundin pianist, tho he chuise nae tae capitalise on this skill an rarely performed in public. Returnin tae Paris efter awmaist three years in Italy, he foond that the main Parisian opera theatres preferred the established clessical repertoire tae the warks o newcomers. His keybuird an orchestral composeetions war likeweys lairgely ignored; as a result, his career stawed, an he earned his leevin mainly bi arrangin an transcrivin the muisic o others. Restless for success, he begoud mony theatrical projects in the 1860s, maist o that war abandoned. Naither o his twa operas that reached the stage in this time—Les pêcheurs de perles an La jolie fille de Perth—war immediately successfu.
Metsküla
Metsküla mey refer tae several places in Estonie:
Georges Bizet
Bizet's mairiage tae Geneviève Halévy wis intermittently happy an produced ane son. Efter his daith, his wark, apairt frae Carmen, wis generally neglectit. Manuscripts war gien awey or lost, an published versions o his warks war frequently revised an adaptit bi ither haunds. He foondit na schuil an haed na obvious disciples or successors. Efter years o neglect, his warks began tae be performed mair frequently in the 20t century. Later commentators hae acclaimed him as a componer o brilliance an oreeginality that's prematur daith wis a signeeficant loss tae French muisical theatre.
Kangru, Rapla Coonty
Kangru is a veelage in Märjamaa Pairish, Rapla Coonty in wastren Estonie.
Kangru
Kangru is a smaw burgh (alevik) in Kiili Pairish, Harju Coonty, in northren Estonie, locatit aboot 10 km sooth frae the centre o Tallinn. It haes a population o 431 (as o 2009).
Kangru gained its smaw burgh status on 18 August 2008, afore that it wis a veelage.
Speed o licht
The speed o licht is the speed o aw electromagnetic waws in a vaccuum. This is 299,792,458 metre per seicont (or awmaist 186,282.397 mile per seicont). A photon (pairticle o licht) traivels at this speed in a vaccuum.
Antenna (radio)
An antenna is an electrical component that receives or transmeets electromagnetic waws. Antennas convert electrical seegnals intil electromagnetic waws for tae transmeet, an the contrair for tae receive seegnals.
Banner o Slovakie
The current form o the banner o Slovakie wis adoptit bi Slovakie's Constitution, which came intae force on 3 September 1992. The banner, in common wi ither Slavic naitions, uises the white, blue an reid colours.
Slovakie's banner in its current form (but wi anither coat o airms on it or athoot ony airms) can be datit back tae the revolutionary year 1848 (see: The Revolutions o 1848 in the Habsburg auries). It wis an aa uised semi-offeecially in Czechoslovakie afore Warld War II, bi the Slovak Republic durin WWII, an finally adoptit (athoot the coat o airms) on 1 Mairch 1990 as the banner o the Slovak Republic athin Czechoslovakie. The coat o airms wis addit on 3 September 1992 an a special law describin the details o the banner follaed in Februar 1993.
The blue triangle in the current banner o the Czech Republic, wi which Slovakie formed Czechoslovakie up tae the dissolution o Czechoslovakie, wis taken ower frae the blue strip o Slovakie's banner in 1920 intae the banner o Czechoslovakie. The banner o Czechoslovakie wis taken ower bi the Czech Republic in late 1992 in direct violation o the 1992 Act on the Diveesion o Czechoslovakie explicitly forbiddin state seembols tae be uised bi the twa successor states.
Syne the Slovak banner athoot the coat o airms is identical tae that o the modren banner o Roushie an it can an aa be compared tae the modren bannero Slovenie, the Constitution o Slovakie addit the naitional coat o airms in September 1992.
Processor resistor
A reseestor is a twa-endit electronic component that maks a voltage ower its ends evenly tae the circuit's voltage by Ohm's Law.
Itapúa Depairtment
Itapúa is a depairtment in the soothren region o Paraguay. The caipital is the ceety o Encarnación. It is dividit intae 30 destricts, makkin it the depairtment wi the maist destricts in the kintra.
Dublin
Dublin (or Blaklyn in Ulstèr-Scotch; Baile Átha Cliath in Erse) is the lairgest ceety an the caipital o Republic o Ireland. The ceety is locatit neer the central point o the Oriental coast o Ireland an is in the centre o the Dublin coonty. Dublin is the biggest Iris ceety in importance an number o indwallers, syne Hie-Middel-Eige. It is the 10t ceety in the list o muckle important financiary places o the warld an is ane o the european ceety that develops itself the mair speedy. Dublin is the historical centre, politic awso, artistic, cultural, economist an industrial o whol Ireland.
Karl Philipp, Prince o Schwarzenberg
Karl Philipp, Prince o Schwarzenberg 18/19 Apryle 1771 – 15 October 1820) wis an Austrick field marshal.
References
Attribution:
Milly Carlucci
Camilla Patrizia "Milly" Carlucci (born 1 October 1, 1954) is an Italian televeesion presenter, actress an sangster. Carlucci played the role o Urania in the 1985 film The Adventures of Hercules. In 1996 she became a Goodwill Ambassador for UNICEF. Syne 2005 she haes been the sole host o the Italian version o Strictly Come Dancing. In 2009 she became the first wumman tae host the Miss Italia beauty pageant.
2002
2002 (MMII) wis a common year that stairtit on a Tysday. In the Gregorian calendar, it wis the 2002nt year o Anno Domini, the 2nt year o the 3rd millennium an o the 21st century, an the 3rd o the 2000s decade. The year 2002 wis a palindrome, the first syne 1991, which bi coincidence, wis an aa a common year that stairtit on a Tysday.
2002 wis designatit the:
Speaker
A speaker is an ootpit component that converts electrical seegnals intil soond swaws. Conter gates, a meecrophone maks electrical seegnals fae soond swaws. The frequency o a electric seegnal is in proportion tae a pitch made; hechter frequencies mak hechter soonds.
A speaker's electrical circuit haes a electromagnetic coil. Whan this is sneckit on, a cap middlins the "drum" muives til it. Whan sneckit aff, the drum muives awa.
Mongolic leids
The Mongolic leids are a group o leids spoken in Central Asie, notably includin Mongolian. Mongolic is whiles grouped wi Turkic an Tungusic as pairt o the lairger Altaic faimily.
Classification
Mongolic
This classification is ae ane amang mony. Notably, thare is a tendency amang Mongolian linguists tae include Central Mongolic, Wastren Mongolic an Northren Mongolic intae ane "Mongolian leid" as opposed tae the rest o the leids which are then labelled as "Mongolic". This mey depend on Mutual intelligibility, but an analysis based on a tree diagram sic as the ane abuin faces ither problems due tae the close contacts aetween e.g. Buryat an Khalkh Mongols durin history sicweys creatin or preservin a dialect continuum. Anither problem lies in the sheer comparability o terminology as Western linguists uise leid an dialect, while Mongolian linguists uise the Grimmian trichotomy leid (kele), dialect (nutuγ-un ayalγu) an Mundart (aman ayalγu).
Auld Mongolian
The first survivin Mongolian text is the Stele o Yisüngge, a report on sports in Mongolian script on stane, that is maist aften datit tae aboot 1224 or 1225. Ither early soorces are written in Mongolian, Phagspa (decrees), Cheenese (the Secret history), Arabic (dictionaries) an a few ither wastren scripts. Thir comprise the sae-cried Middle Mongolian leid that wis spoken frae the 13t tae the early 15t or late 16t century. The documents in Mongolian script show some distinct linguistic characteristics an are therefore aften distinguisht bi termin thair leid Preclassical Mongolian. The next distinct period is Classical Mongolian that is datit frae the 17t tae the 19t century. It is a written leid wi a heich degree o staundartization in orthography an syntax that sets it quite apairt frae the subsequent Modren Mongolian. The maist notable documents in this leid are the Mongolian Kanjur an Tanjur as well as a nummer o chronicles. Middle Mongolian includes mony Turkic loanwirds an aw, especially frae Auld Turkic, which are still uised in modren Mongolian leid.
Metsaääre
Metsaääre mey refer tae several places in Estonie:
Tolyatti
History
It wis foondit in 1737 as a fortress cried Stavropol (Ста́врополь) bi the Roushie statesman Vasily Tatishchev. Informally it wis aften referred as Stavropol-on-Volga (Ста́врополь-на-Во́лге, Stavropol-na-Volge) tae distinguish frae Stavropol, a lairge ceety in soothwast Roushie.
The construction o the Kuybyshev Dam an Hydroelectric Station on the Volga River in the 1950s creatit the Kuybyshev Reservoir, which covered the existin location o the ceety, an it wis completely rebuilt on a new steid. In 1964, the ceety wis renamit Tolyatti (efter Palmiro Togliatti, the langest-servin secretary o the Italian Communist Pairty).
Admeenistrative an municipal status
Tolyatti serves as the admeenistrative center o Stavropolsky Destrict, awtho it is no admeenistratively a pairt o it. Admeenistratively, alang wi twa rural localities, it is incorporatit as the ceety o oblast significance o Tolyatti—an admeenistrative unit wi the status equal tae that o the destricts. Municipally, the ceety o oblast significance o Tolyatti is incorporatit as Tolyatti Urban Okrug.
Ceety diveesions
Thare are three destricts in the ceety:
Economy
The ceety's main claim tae fame haes been automobile manufacturin bi AvtoVAZ's Lada (Zhiguli) caur plants, employin some 110,000 fowk: in cooperation wi Italy's Fiat syne 1970 an wi General Motors syne 2001.
Ither industries hae muivit intae Tolyatti acause it is close tae abundant supplees o electricity an watter. Petrochemicals are well representit in the ceety. Amang the significant enterprises based thare are "TogliattiAzot" (Roushie's biggest ammonia manufacturer) an "KuybyshevAzot" (a nitrogen fertilizer producer). Ither industries include biggin materials production, ship repair an electrical equipment an electronics.
October 2007 bomb attack
Durin the fore-nuin rush oor o 31 October 2007, a bomb explodit on a passenger bus in the ceety, killin at least aicht fowk an injurin aboot 50 in wha Irina Doroshenko, a spokeswumman for the investigative wing o the local prosecutor’s office, said coud be a terrorist attack. At the beginnin o the investigation, it wis believit tae be the wirk o terrorists frae the North Caucasus. Early reports indicatit possible involvement o Chechen terrorist Doku Umarov. Housomeivver, the offeecials later namit a 21-year-auld Evgeny Vakhrushev, who dee'd in the blast an aw, as the anerlie person tae be responsible for the tragedy.
Organizit creeme
The ceety haes a reputation for gang violence atween groups vyin for control o the caur business an aw.
Violent creemes
The ceety haes witnessed a mafia killin spree - thare hae been 550 commissioned killins in Togliatti ower 1998-2004, five o thae murthert wur journalists.
Three chief airchitects o Togliatti wur victims o violent creemes: Valery Lopatin wis shot tae daith on 7 Julie 2004, Mikhail Syardin an Aleksander Kiryakov war an aa injured in violent attacks.
A umwhile ceety mayor (1994–2000), Sergey Zhilkin (Сергей Жилкин), wis murdered on 15 November 2008.
Corruption
The ceety's mayor in 2000-2007, Nikolay Utkin (Николай Уткин), wis sentencit tae seiven years in preeson on corruption charges.
Twin touns an sister ceeties
Tolyatti is twinned wi:
Kasti, Rapla Coonty
Kasti is a veelage in Märjamaa Pairish, Rapla Coonty in wastren Estonie.
Abidjan
Abidjan is the economic an umwhile offeecial caipital o Côte d'Ivoire, while the current caipital is Yamoussoukro. As o 2011, it is the lairgest ceety in the naition an the third-largest French-speakin ceety in the warld, efter Paris an Kinshasa, but afore Montreal. It haes, accordin tae the authorities o the kintra in 2006, 5,068,858 residents in the metropolitan aurie an 3,796,677 residents in the municipality. Anerlie Lagos, the umwhile caipital o Nigerie, haes a lairger nummer o inhabitants in this region. Considered a cultural hub o Wast Africae, Abidjan is characterisit bi a heich level o industrialisation an urbanization. The ceety staunds in Ébrié Lagoon, on several convergin peninsulaes an islands, connectit bi brigs.
The ceety grew efter the construction o a new wharf in 1931 an its designation as the caipital o the then French colony in 1933. The completion o the Vridi Canal in 1951 enabled it tae become an important sea port. In 1983, Yamoussoukro wis designatit as the naition's caipital, but maist govrenment offices an foreign embassies are still in Abidjan.
Shoubak
Shoubak (الشوبك) is a municipality that lees at the north wastren edge o the Ma'an Govrenorate, bordered wi Tafilah Govrenorate an Aqaba Govrenorate. It haes a population o 12500. At ane o the heichest elevations abuin sea level in Jordan, this municipality is famous for aiple an fruit farms.
History
Shoubak wis first settled bi the Edomites who haed thair caipital in Busaira in neighborin Tafilah Govrenorate. It wis then settled bi the Nabateans.
Shoubak became a Nahia in 1894, an wis admeenistratively belangin tae the then-Ottoman Kerak depairtment. In 1973, it wis ranked up tae a Qadaa, in the 31st Admeeniastrative Diveesions Seestem o 1995, Shoubak became a full depairtment athin Ma'an Govrenorate benefitin frae the decentralization program.
Shoubak is kent for the Montreal (Crusader castle). Alang wi Petra an Aqaba, Shoubak forms the third heid o this triangle that lees on the cross road atween Sirie, Arabie an Egyp. Its unique heich elevation (1330m abuin sea level) gae it a strategic importance.
The importance o Shoubak reached its peak efter Baldwin I o Jerusalem teuk control o it, cuttin the ruits atween Egyp an Sirie, the famous Montreal castle wis biggit on tap o a hill thare in 1115. Shoubak wis then annexed tae the Ayyubid sultanate bi Saladin in 1187.
Geography an climate
Shoubak is locatit at an aurie borderin Tafilah Govrenorate tae the north an Aqaba Govrenorate tae the wast. It is admeenistrativley in Ma'an Govrenorate. Due tae its heich elevation, Shoubak is famous for its cauld freezin winters, an due tae its location at the borders o the Arabie desert, it haes a dry simmer saison. The average annual rainfaw in Shoubak is in the range 150-350mm.
Demographics
The Naitional census o the year 2004 showed that the tot population o Shoubak wis 12590 persons, o whom 5666 wur males (45%) an 6924 are females constitutin 55% o the tot population. Thare wur 1663 households wi an average o 5 persons/household. Awmaist the entire population are Muslims.
Economy
Agricultur forms the major soorce o income for Shoubak, follaeed bi tourism. Benefitin frae its heich altitude o mair nor 1300 m abuin sea level, the kintraside o Shoubak extends tae aboot 189 km2 o olive, vegetable an fruit ferms, mainly aiple ferms surroondin an athin the toun o Shoubak, resultin in the ceety spannin a relatively lairge aurie. Thare are 129 honey bee ferms in the toun's kintraside, makkin it a major producer o honey.
Education
The college o agricultur o Balqa Applied University is locatit in Shoubak. The Regional Center o Agricultural Research an Technology Transport is locatit in Shoubak an aw.
Famous fowk frae Shoubak
Dr. Eid Dahiyat, Meenister o Eddication
Misiones Depairtment
Misiones is a depairtment locatit in the soothren region o Paraguay. Its caipital is San Juan Bautista. The aicht o Paraguay's 17 depairtments, it wis creatit in 1906, then kent as the San Ignacio Depairtment, an wis no gien its present name till 1945. Its current name reflects its status as hame tae several Jesuit Reductions, or missions.
Locatit in a relatively isolatit pairt o the kintra, far frae the iceety o Asunción an ither important population centers sic as Ciudad del Este an Encarnación, Misiones haes remained ane o the least developit an poorer depairtments in the kintra.
Misiones borders the depairtments o Paraguarí an Caazapá tae the north, Itapúa tae the east, Ñeembucú tae the wast, an the Corrientes Province o Argentinae tae the sooth.
RNA interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression, teepically bi causin the destruction o speceefic mRNA molecules.
Maria Rita
Maria Rita Camargo Mariano (born in São Paulo, 9 September 1977) is a Brazilian sangster an muisicker, dochter o sangster Elis Regina an arranger an pianist Cesar Camargo Mariano.
Maria Rita began her career in 2001, despite wantin tae sing syne fowerteen. The wicht o her mither's career, quite famous in Brazil, influencit the postponement o her wirk. Afore becomin a profeesional sangster, she did an internship at a magazine for teenagers, haein graduatit in social communication an Laitin American Studies at New York University, in the United States. Success came at the hicht o her talent an establisht hersel as a new icon o MPB, it seemit that the warld awaitit her decision tae surrender tae its mission touched bi the voice an interpretation.
Ignacio Manuel Altamirano
Ignacio Manuel Altamirano Basilio (1834 – 13 Februar 1893) wis a Mexican writer, jurnalist, teacher an politeecian.
Altamirano wis born in Tixtla, Guerrero, o pur indigenous Nahua heritage. His faither wis the mayor o Tixtla, this alloued Ignacio tae attend schuil thare. He later studiet in Toluca thanks to a scholarship that wis grantit him bi Ignacio Ramírez, o whom he wis a disciple. He foondit several newspapers an magazines includin El Correo de México ("The Mexico Post"), El Renacimiento ("The Renaissance"), El Federalista ("The Federalist"), La Tribuna ("The Tribune") an La República ("The Republic").
Maria Rita
Discografie
Rita appeared wi Milton Nascimento on his CD "Pieta" singing a duet on "Tristesse", which wan a Latin Grammy in 2003 an aw. She recently appeared wi Uruguayan 2004 Grammy Award Winner Jorge Drexler on his CD "12 Segundos de Oscuridad" singin a duet on "Soledad". She is a big fan o an haes appeared live in cameo wi the Brazilian rap/hip-hop group O Rappa.
Awairds an nominations
Latin Grammy Award
Ignacio Manuel Altamirano
Altamirano wrote several beuks which haed considerable success in his time; amang them wur:
His leeterary wirk portrays the Mexican society o the time. He dee'd in San Remo, Italy, in 1893.
Maria Rita
Awairds an nominations
Prêmio Multishow de Música Brasileira
Marble
Marble or merble or marrabale or marbae or marval or marvel is a non-foliate metamorphic rock componed o recrystallised carbonate minerals, maist commonly calcite or dolomite. Geologists uise the term "marble" fur tae refer tae metamorphosed limestane; housomever, stanemasons uise the term braidly tae encompass unmetamorphosed limestane. Marble is commonly uised for marble sculpturs an as a biggin material. It can conteen clay minerals, micas, quartz, pyrite, iron oxides an graphite.
Valdemoro
Valdemoro is a municipal destrict, located in the Southern zone o the Commonty o Madrid, Spain. Locatit 27 kilometres frae the caipital, Valdemoro is offeecially pairt o the comarca o La Sagra, tho it is generally includit in the Madrid metropolitan aurie an aw.
Ar'ara
'Ar'ara (عرعرة; ) ("juniper tree" ), is an Arab toun in the Wadi Ara region in northren Israel. It is locatit sooth o Umm al-Fahm juist northwast o the Green Line an is pairt o the Triangle. In the population wis.
History
Burial complexes frae the Roman period bi Ar'ara hae been excavatit, revealin clay lamps an gless vessels an beads, commonly uised in the 1st tae 4t century C.E.. A few clay fragments frae the Mamluk period hae been foond at the same location.
In the Crusader period, the place wis kent as "Castellum Arearum". In the land-allocation made bi sultan Baybars in 663 H. (1265-1266 C.E.), Ar'ara wis shared atween his amirs Ala' al-Din an Sayf al-Din Bayhaq al-Baghdadi.
Ar'ara, lik the rest o Palestine, wis incorporatit intae the Ottoman Empire in 1517, an in 1596, Ar'ara appeared in Ottoman tax registers as bein in the Nahiya o Shara o the Liwa o Lajjun. It haed a population o 8 Muslim hoosehaulds an peyed taxes on wheat, barley, summercrops, olives, an goats or beehives.
Bi the aichteent century, the veelage remained in the admeenistrative destrict o Lajjun, but the revenue o the place wis fermit for the Mutasarrıf o Jaffa. In the late nineteent century, the steid wis describit as:"A veelage o moderate size on heich grund, wi a spring tae the east, a seicont tae the wast an a well tae the sooth. Thare are rock cut tombs near. The population is statit bi Consul Rogers (1859) as 400, the cultivation then bein 30 feddans."
At the time o the 1931 census, Ar'ara haed 150 occupee'd hooses an a population o 971 Muslims.
Ar'ara wis transferred frae Jordanian tae Israeli jurisdiction in 1949 unner the Rhodes airmistice greements. The neebourin veelage o ʿAra wis mergit wi Ar'ara in 1985.
In 1945, Ar'ara an Arah haed a population o 2,290 an a laund aurie o 29,537 dunums. Bi 1962 the aurie haed been reducit tae 7,269 dunums, pairtly due tae expropriations o 8,236 dunums bi the Israeli govrenment in 1953–54. Ane case o expropriation frae a private laundawner namit Younis became a test case afore the Heich Court o Israel in 1953. The laund haed been confiscatit bi the govrenment athoot notifyin the awner. In 1954 the court ruled that the law did no require the awner tae be notifee'd an did no provide a richt for the awner tae contest the confiscation in advance. This rulin an ane ither effectively endit the possibility o laund awners uisin the courts tae contest the confiscation o thair laund.
Maqam Shaykh Khalaf
Maqam Shaykh Khalaf is the anerlie biggin which wis notit bi the antiquities authorities in the Mandate aurie, an it is locatit on a slope bi the heichest pynt in the veelage, set in the middle o extensive graveyards. The Maqam is a single rectangular chamber, covered bi a dome. The twa tap courses are chamfered towards the dome. On the north side is a doorwey, an dooble windae set inside shallae airches. Thare is a set o windaes on the wast side an aw. Inside thare are three cenotaphs, locatit east-wast, close tae the wast waw. A mihrab is locatit on the sooth waw. The date o the biggin is no kent, but accordin tae A. Petersen (who inspectit the place in 1994), the airchitectur indicate an aichteent or early nineteent century date.
Sierra Sur de Oaxaca
Sierra Sur  is a region in the state o Oaxaca, Mexico. It includes the destricts o Putla, Sola de Vega, Miahuatlán an Yautepec. Miahuatlán de Porfirio Díaz is the lairgest ceety. The region haes 70 municipalities, some vera poor, such as Zanizá, Amoltepec an Los Loxichas.
Geografie
The region is muntainous, alang the soothren edge o the Sierra Madre del Sur, an includes Quiexoba, the seicont heichest muntain in the state. Forest resources are still important, in maugre o haein suffered ower-exploitation for decades, an include pines, mixed forests o aik an pine, fir, an auries o hormiguillo cacti. Fauna include opossums, armadillos, deer, rabbit an gopher.
The climate is variet, rangin frae het an humid tae temperate humid. The average temperatur is 10°C tae 22°C atooer the region. Average rainfaw ranges frae 800 tae 2000mm annually.
Economy
Forestry is the main economic activity, wi ilka commonty managin their forests an sellin the logs tae private mills. Agricultural production includes maize an beans, succarcane an coffee. Livestock fermin maistly consists o backyard breedin o chickens, gaits, pigs an mules. Sma factories produce castor ile an process mica. The region haes deposits o iron an magnetite. Craft products include spirits an mezcal, palm products an cotton guids.
Cultural Groups
The region's inhabitants are Zapotec, Mixtec, Chatinos, Amuzgo, Triques an mestizos, as weel as emigrants frae ither pairts o Mexico. Syne pre-Hispanic times, thare haes been conflict atween rival ethnic groups.
General Obligado Depairtment
The General Obligado Depairtment (Departamento General Obligado) is a admeenistrative subdiveesion (departamento) o the province o Santa Fe, Argentinae. It is locatit in the northeast o the province. It haes aboot 166,000 inhabitants as per the. Its heid toun is the ceety o Reconquista (population 66,000).
The depairtment is locatit on the northeastren "corner" o Santa Fe, bordered bi the Vera Depairtment in the wast an the San Javier Depairtment in the sooth. In the north it limits wi the province o Chaco, an in the east, wi the Paraná River, which is the natural border wi the province o Corrientes.
The touns an ceeties in this depairtment are (in alphabetical order): Arroyo Ceibal, Avellaneda, Berna, El Arazá, El Rabón, El Sombrerito, Florencia, Guadalupe Norte, Ingeniero Chanourdie, La Sarita, Lanteri, Las Garzas, Las Toscas, Los Laureles, Malabrigo, Reconquista, San Antonio de Obligado, Tacuarendí, Villa Ana, Villa Guillermina, Villa Ocampo, Nicanor Molinas.
San Juan Bautista Valle Nacional
San Juan Bautista Valle Nacional is a toun an municipality in Oaxaca in sooth-wastren Mexico. The municipality covers an aurie o 394.23 km² athin the Sierra Juárez muntains. It is pairt o the Tuxtepec Destrict o the Papaloapan Region. The toun lees on the north bank o the Valle Nacional River, a tributar o the Papaloapan River.
As o 2005, the municipality haed a total population o 21,189.
Dutch East Indies
The Dutch East Indies (or Netherlands East Indies; Nederlands-Oost-Indië; Hindia-Belanda) wis a Dutch colony that acame modren Indonesie follaein Warld War II. It wis furmed frae the naitionalised colonies o the Dutch East Indie Company, which came unner the admeenistration o the Dutch govrenment in 1800 till 1950 while Indonesie declared Unthirldom frae the Netherlands tae Commemorate the 5t Anniversary o Unthirldom frae Japan as Unrecognised State efter Unitit Indonesian States Dissolved.
Kaluga
Kaluga (Калуга) is a ceety an the admeenistrative centre o Kaluga Oblast, Roushie, locatit on the Oka River 150 km soothwast o Moscow. Population:
Twin touns an sister ceeties
Kaluga is twinned wi:
1995
1995 (MCMXCV) wis a common year that stairtit on a Sunday o the Gregorian calendar. The year 1995 wis the 1995t year o Anno Domini, the 995t year o the 2nt millennium, the 95t year o the 20t century, an the 6t year o the 1990s.
This wis the year that the Internet entered public consciousness an an aa the year it wis completely privatized. In Aprile the NSFNET wis retired.
Polar coordinate seestem
In mathematics, the polar coordinate seestem is a twa-dimensional coordinate seestem in which each pynt on a plane is determined bi a distance frae a fixed pynt an an angle frae a fixed direction.
İskenderun
İskenderun is a ceety an urban destrict in the province o Hatay on the Mediterranean coast o Turkey. The current mayor is Yusuf Hamit Civelek (CHP).
Names
The antique ceety wis namit Alexandretta (in Auncient Greek Ἀλεξανδρέττα) at its foondin in honour o Alexander the Great which it retained durin the Roman period. This later mutatit tae al-ʼIskandarūn (Arabic الإسكندرون) wi the Islamic period an then tae İskenderun in Turkis.
Geography
İskenderun is locatit on the Mediterranean coast on Gulf o İskenderun at the fuit o the Nur Muntains (Amanos Mountains).
İskenderun is a busy commercial centre, the lairgest ceety in the Hatay Province, surpassin the Hatay provincial seat o Antakya. The ceety is ane o Turkey's lairgest ports on the Mediterranean an an important industrial centre hame tae the İsdemir steelwirks, ane o Turkey's lairgest. İskenderun haes an active, modren life wi guid hotels, restaurants an cafes alang the palm-lined sea front, an thare is a variety o accommodation for visitors. İskenderun is an aw an important naval trainin base.
Climate
The climate on this stretch o the Mediterranean is het an humid in simmer, when fowk escape tae the kintraside or tae the beach. At certaint times o the year the toun is swept bi the strang wind cried 'Yarıkkaya'. The kintraside conteens lairge auries o fruit groves, important producers o oranges, tangerines an leemons, an even tropical fruits sic as mangoes. Winters are mild an wet.
Antiquity
İskenderun preserves the name, but probably no the exact steid, o Alexandria ad Issum (İskender bein the Arabic renderin o Alexander). The dounset wis foondit bi Alexander the Great in 333 BC tae supersede Myriandrus as the key tae the Sirie Gates, aboot 23 mile sooth o the scene o his victory at the Battle o Issus. The importance o the place iver syne haes derived frae its relation tae this pass, the easiest approach tae the open grund o Hatay Province an o Northren Sirie, an the Romans continued tae fecht wi Persie for control o this aurie during thair era o dominance.
Alexander campit at the heich-lands o İskenderun, aroond Esentepe, an then ordered the ceety tae be established an namit "Alexandria". İskenderun is ane o mony ceeties foondit bi Alexander's orders, includin Alexandria.
Ottoman Era
The aurie wis still a scene o fechtin unner the Ottomans, as it wis here in 1606 that the airmy o general Kuyucu Murat Pasha suppressed the rural uprisin o Celali Canbulatoğlu. The Ottomans continued tae fortifee the ceety an the remains o early 17t century Ottoman castle waws can still be seen, (whaur the Güzün stream crosses the Varyant road). The ceety wis well describit in 1675 bi the Inglis naval chaplain Henry Teonge in his diary. The next airmy tae cross the Pass o Belen an attack Anatolie throu here wur the Egyptians o Muhammad Ali in 1832.