cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Ferrari F40
Oreegin
As early as 1984, the Maranello factory haed begun development o an evolution model o the 288 GTO intendit tae compete against the 959 in FIA Group B. Housomeivver, when the FIA brocht an end tae the Group B category for the 1986 saison, Enzo wis left wi five 288 GTO Evoluzione development caurs, an nae series in which tae campaign them. Enzo's desire tae leave a legacy in his final supercaur alloued the Evoluzione program tae be further developed tae produce a caur exclusively for road uise.
Drivetrain an suspension
Pouer came frae an enlairged, 2.9 L (2936 cc) version o the GTO's twin IHI turbochairged V8 developin 478 PS (352 kW; 471 hp) unner 110 kPa (16 psi) o boost. The F40 did athoot a catalytic converter till 1990 when US regulations made them a requirement for emissions control raisons. The flankin exhaust pipes guide exhaust gases frae each bank o cylinders while the central pipe guides gases released frae the wastegate o the turbochairgers.
The suspension setup wis seemilar tae the GTO's double wishbone setup, tho mony pairts wur upgradit an settings wur chynged; the unuisually law grund clearance promptit Ferrari tae include the ability tae raise the vehicle's grund clearance when necessar.
Body an interior
The body wis an entirely new design bi Pininfarina featurin panels made o kevlar, carbon fiber, an aluminum for strength an law wecht, an intense aerodynamic testin wis employed (see belaw). Wecht wis further minimized throu the uise o a plastic windshield an windaes an nae carpets, soond seestem, or door handles wur installed awtho the caurs did hae air conditionin. The first 50 caurs produced haed slidin Lexan windaes, awtho newer windaes that coud be rolled doun wur installed intae later caurs.
Aerodynamics
The F40 wis designed wi aerodynamics in mynd, an is vera muckle a creation o its time. For speed the caur relied mair on its shape than its pouer. Frontal aurie wis reduced, an airflow greatly smoothed, but stability rather than terminal velocity wis a primary concern. Sae too wis coolin as the forced induction ingine generatit a great deal o heat. In consequence, the caur wis somewha lik an open-wheel racin caur wi a body. It haed a partial unnertray tae smooth airflow beneath the radiator, front section, an the cabin, an a seicont ane wi diffusers ahint the motor, but the ingine bay wis no sealed. Nanetheless, the F40 haed an impressively law Cd o 0.34 wi lift controlled bi its spoilers an wing.
Racin
The factory niver intendit tae race the F40, but the caur saw competeetion as early as 1989 when it debuted in the Laguna Seca roond o the IMSA, appearin in the GTO category, wi a LM evolution model driven bi Jean Alesi, finishin third tae the twa faster spaceframed fower wheel drive Audi 90 an beatin a host o ither factory backed spaceframe specials that dominatit the races. Despite lack o factory backin, the caur wad suin hae anither successfu saison thare unner a host o guest drivers sic as Jean-Pierre Jabouille, Jacques Laffite an Hurley Haywood takin a tot o three seicont places an ane third.
Performance
The F40's licht wecht o 1,100 kg (2,425 lb) an heich pouer ootput o 478 PS (352 kW; 471 hp) at 7000 rpm gae the vehicle tremendous performance potential. Road tests hae produced 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) times as law as 3.8 seconds (while the track anerlie version came in at 3.2 seconds), wi 0–160 km/h (0–99 mph) in 7.6 seconds an 0–200 km/h (0–120 mph) in 11 seconds givin the F40 a slicht advantage in acceleration ower the Porsche 959, its primary competitor at the time.
The F40 wis the first road legal production caur tae break the 200 mph (320 km/h) barrier. Frae its introduction in 1987 till 1989 its anerlie competitors wur the Porsche 959 an the 1988 Lamborghini Countach (it wis later owertaken bi the Lamborghini Diablo, it held the record as the warld's fastest production caur, wi a tap speed o 200 mph (320 km/h). Durin the 2006 Bonneville Speed Week, Amir Rosenbaum o Spectre Performance managed tae tak his F40 wi sma boost an air intake modifications tae 226 mile per oor (364 km/h).
Seiko Matsuda
Seiko Matsuda (松田 聖子) is a Japanese pop sangster-sangwriter. Due tae her popularity in the 1980s an her lang career, she haes been dubbit the "Eternal idol" bi the Japanese media.
Personal life
Matsuda haes been marriet three times. She wis marriet tae actor Masaki Kanda frae 1985 tae 1997, Matsuda haes a dochter, Sayaka Kanda, who is a sangster an aw. Her seicont husband wis a dentist whom she marriet in 1998. They divorcit in 2000. On 13 Juin 2012, she annooncit her marriage tae a university associate professor on her offeecial wabsteid.
Leninism
In Marxist philosophy, Leninism is the body o poleetical theory for the democratic organisation o a revolutionary vanguard pairty, an the achievement o a direct-democracy dictatorship o the proletariat, as poleetical prelude tae the establishment o socialism. Developit bi, an namit for, the Roushie revolutionary Vladimir Lenin, Leninism comprises political an socialist economic theories, developit frae Marxism, an Lenin’s interpretations o Marxist theory, for practical application tae the socio-political conditions o the agrarian Roushie Empire (1721–1917) o the early 20t century. In Februar 1917, Leninism wis the Roushie application o Marxist economics an poleetical philosophy, effectit an realised bi the Bolshevik pairty, the vanguard pairty who led the fecht for the poleetical unthirldom o the wirkin class. Functionally, the vanguard pairty providit the poleetical education, an the revolutionary leadership and organisation necessary to depose capitalism in Imperial Roushie. Efter the October Revolution o 1917, Leninism wis the dominant version o Marxism in Roushie, an then the offeecial ideology o Soviet democracy (bi wirkers’ cooncil) in the Roushie Socialist Federal Soviet Republic (RSFSR), afore its unitary amalgamation intae the Union o Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), in 1922. As a poleetical-science term, Leninism entered common uisage in 1922, anerlie efter infirmity endit Lenin’s participation in govrenin the Roushie Communist Pairty. Twa years later, in Julie 1924, at the fift congress o the Communist International (Comintern), Grigory Zinoviev popularized the uise o the term Leninism tae denote “vanguard-pairty revolution”.
Colón, Buenos Aires
Colón is a toun in Buenos Aires Province, Argentinae. It is the heid toun o the Colón Partido.
The toun is locatit in a agricultural aurie, the main auries o employment are in agricultur, the production o agricultural machinery an textiles.
The museum is locatit in the auld Ferrocarril General Bartolomé Mitre railwey station an haes a display o auld photographs an airtifacts.
San Miguel Peras
San Miguel Peras is a toun an municipality in Oaxaca in sooth-wastren Mexico. The municipality covers an aurie o 121.2 km². It is pairt o the Zaachila Destrict in the wast o the Valles Centrales Region
As o 2005, the municipality haed a total population o 3126.
Cáceres, Spain
Cáceres is the caipital o the same name province, in the autonomous community o Extremadura, Spain. Its population wis 91,131 inhabitants in 2009. The municipio haes a land aurie o 1,750.33 km², an is the lairgest in geographical extension in Spain.
There hae been settlements near Cáceres syne prehistoric times. Evidence o this can be foond in the caves o Maltravieso an El Conejar. The ceety wis foondit bi the Romans in 25 BC.
The auld toun (Ciudad Monumental) still haes its auncient waws; this pairt o toun is an aa weel kent for its multitude o storks' nests. The waws contain a medieval toun settin wi nae ootward signs o modrenity, which is why mony films hae been shot there. The Universidad de Extremadura, an twa astronomical observatories are situatit in Cáceres. The ceety is an aa a seat o the Roman Catholic Diocese o Coria-Cáceres.
Cáceres wis declared a Warld Heritage Ceety bi UNESCO in 1986 acause o the ceety's blend o Roman, Islamic, Northren Gothic an Italian Renaissance airchitectur. Thirty touers frae the Muslim period still staund in Cáceres, o which the Torre del Bujaco is the maist famous.
Maxcanú Municipality
Maxcanú is a municipality (municipio) in the wastren/soothwastren section o Mexican state o Yucatán. Its seat is the toun o Maxcanú. The municipality covers a aurie o approximately 1,321 km² an haes a total population o ower 18,800 inhabitants.
The municipality shares borders wi the follaein adjacent municipalities: Celestún, Samahíl, an Kinchil to the north, Chocholá, Kopomá, an Opichén tae the east, an Halachó tae the sooth. A smaw portion o its soothren border is shared wi the State o Campeche an aw.
Commonties
Those considered the mair important are, Chunchucmil, Kanach, Cochol, Paraiso, Santa Rosa an Santo Domingo. An the Haciendas o Simón, Xlam Riti, Crucero Copop, Ché, Canzote, Memu y Xamail. The minor touns in the municipality are: San Rafael, San Fernando, Granada, Chactún, Sombrilla, Chan Chocholá an Coahuilá.
Airchaeological
A temple dedicatit tae Oor Lady o Munt Caramel that wis built in the seiventeent hunderyear an twa chapels, the first in honor o St. Michael the Airchangel an the seicont at the Three Crosses; an three umwhile haciendas Kochol cried Santo Domingo, Grenada an Santa Rosa.
Prehispanic
Thare is an airchaeological steid locatit near Chunchucmil, bearin the same name.
Saint-Siméon, Seine-et-Marne
Saint-Siméon is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne depairtment in the Île-de-France region in north-central Fraunce.
Pairkgait, Dumfries an Gallowa
Pairkgait (Parkgate) is a smaw veelage in the historical coonty o Dumfriesshire in Dumfries an Gallowa, Scotland. The veelage centre is locatit juist til the east o the A701 road, aboot 8 mile north o Dumfries and a wheen o miles east o the Forest o Ae. The're a smaw primary schuil locatit ae mile til the east o the veelage.
Pairkgait umwhile hid a post office an a inn, bit thay is noo closed. The veelage is situatit in the umwhile pairish o Kirkmichel, an Kirkmichel Kirk is aboot ae mile til the wast. Services conteena tae be haudit in the kirk, awtho no ilka week. The veelage is hame tae twa main businesses: Clark Tracks, an ingineerin business focused on the forestry sector; an James Glen, Motor Ingineers. Forby, immediate til the east o the veelage is the umwhile Barony College, noo Barony Campus, ane o fower campuses comprisin Scotland's Rural College (SRUC),
The veelage is served bi busses that rin atween Dumfries, Moffat, an Glesga. The bus service fae Dumfries til Edinburgh via Moffat serves the veelage an aw.
Santa María Huatulco
Santa María Huatulco  is a toun an municipality in Oaxaca in sooth-wastren Mexico. It is pairt o the Pochutla Destrict in the east o the Costa Region. The meanin o Huatulco, or Guatulco Coatulco is, "whaur they wirship the tree", referrin tae a auncient legend.
The municipality covers a aurie o 579.22 km² at a average o 220 metres abuin sea level. The Magdalena an Cruz rivers combine in the municipality tae form the Huatulco river. Its ecoseestem is lawland deciduous an includes mahogany, cedar, cashew an mony ither species o tree. Wildlife includes squirrel, opossum, skunk, raccoon, coati, ringtail, armadillos, ocelots an white-tailed deer.
Tourism development is concentratit in the commonties o Santa Cruz, La Crucecita an Tangolunda, wi nine bays (Santa Cruz, Chahue, Tangolunda, Conejos, Chacahual, Cacaluta, San Agustín, El Órgano an Maguey) an 36 beaches, as well as ecological reserves that conteen diverse nestin birds an reptiles. The municipality is the hame o Huatulco Naitional Pairk.
The aurie is servit bi Bahías de Huatulco Internaitional Airport.
Leet o ceeties in Germany bi population
This is a leet o ceeties in Germany bi population. In Germany, a ceety (Großstadt) is offeecially defined as an admeenistration unit wi a population greater than 100,000. The federal caipital is shown in yellae, state caipitals (except Schwerin, which does no meet the leet criterion) in licht blue.
It deals exclusively wi the auries athin ceety admeenistrative bundaries The Ruhr, mair accurately cried the Ruhr destrict or Ruhr region (German Ruhrgebiet, colloquial Ruhrpott, Kohlenpott, Pott or Revier), is an urban aurie in North Rhine-Westphalie, Germany. Wi 4,435 km² an a population o some 5.2 million (2009), it is the lairgest urban aurie in Germany. It isna in the leet acause it isna a single admeenistrative unit, but makkit up o ceeties like Essen an Dortmund.
For a leet o aw touns (i.e. places wi populations unner 100,000), as well as ceeties, see: Leet o ceeties an touns in Germany.
Leet
Whaur a ceety haes different names in Scots an German, the Scots name is gien first.
Penpont, Dumfries an Gallowa
Penpont is a veelage aboot 2 mile wast o Thornhill in the historical coonty o Dumfriesshire, in Dumfries an Gallowa, Scotland. It is near the infaw o the Shinnel Watter an the Scaur Watter rivers in the fithills o the Soothren Uplands. It his a population o aboot 400 people.
Archaeology
The're several archaelogical sites nearby, includin Late Bronze Age hill fots on Tynron Doun an on Grennan Hill, an a lang cairn at Capenoch Loch datin fae the 2t or 3d century.
History
The toponym Penpont means "brig-heid" in the Cumbric leid aince spoken in the region.
The A702 road passes throu Penpont. Wast o Thornhill is crosses the River Nith on a twa-airched stane brig in Penpont pairish. It wis built in the 1760s efter the presbytery o Penpont raised £680 taewart the cost. Wark startit aboot 1774, bit in 1776 the brig clytit. The brig wis completit in 1778 an strenthent in 1930-31. The brig is a Category A leetit biggin.
Penpont's Kirk o Scotland pairish kirk is a Gothic Revival biggin completit in 1867. It is a Category B leetit biggin. It his an Art Nouveau Communion table made in 1923.
Penpont's war memorial wis made bi Glesga sculptor William Kellock Brown an instawed in 1920. It is a bronze statue o an infantryman wi his rifle pyntin dounwart, his haunds restin on the butt an his heid slicht boued.
Catholic Kirk
The Roman Catholic Kirk is the lairgest Christian denomination in aw the warld. Ane oot o ilka sax humans belangs this kirk. It is lead bi the Pape an it haes ower ae billion follaers un da auld t'eeder. Accordin tae Catholics, the verra first Pape wis St. Peter that wis made Pape bi Jesus himsel. Sae the Roman Catolick kirk can follae its line aw the wey back tae St. Peter, in a direct line o succession throu the Papes (the Haily Faithers or Bishops o Roum). The Pape the nou is Pape Francis. In Scotland thare's ower 800,000 Catolick fowk.
Prokaryote
A prokaryote is a single-celled organism that lacks a membrane-boond nucleus (karyon), mitochondria, or ony ither membrane-boond organelles.
Camille
Camille mey refer tae:
Neuquén Province
Neuquén is a province o Argentinae, locatit in the wast o the kintra, at the northren end o Patagonie. It borders Mendoza Province tae the north, Rio Negro Province tae the sootheast, an Chile tae the wast. It meets La Pampa Province at its northeast corner an aw.
Poleetical diveesion
The province is dividit intae 16 depairtments (departamentos).
Freeport, Bahamas
Freeport is a ceety an free trade zone on the island o Grand Bahama, locatit approximately 100 mile (160 km) east-northeast o Fort Lauderdale, Florida an is a destrict o the Bahamas.
In 1955, Wallace Groves, a Virginian financier wi lumber interests on the island, wis grantit 50,000 acres (200 km2) o pineyard wi substantial auries o swamp an scrubland bi the Bahamian govrenment wi a mandate tae economically develop the aurie. The ceety of Freeport wis built, which haes grown tae be the second maist populous ceety in The Bahamas (26,910 in 2000) efter the caipital, Nassau. The main airport servin the ceety is the Grand Bahama International Airport.
The Grand Bahama Port Authority (GBPA) operates the free trade zone, unner the Hawksbill Creek Agreement signed in August 1955 whaurbi the Bahamian Govrenment agreed that businesses in the Freeport aurie will pay nae taxes afore 2054. The aurie o the land grants haes been increased tae 138,000 acres (558 km²).
Newtoun Wamfrey
History
The veelage is near the A74(M) motorwey, near Annandale Watter, aboot haufwey atween Moffat and Lockerbie, an his for centurys been clase til the direct Glesga-tae-Cairl route that aroond 1776 wis made intil a towl road suitable for mail coaches traivelin atween England an Glesga. Newtoun is on the main railwey line sooth fae Glesga, an fae aboot 1847 hit is ain station cried Wamphray, bit this closed in the 1960s.
The're various historic an prehistoric sites near Newtoun Wamfrey, includin staundin stanes an the remeens o a motte-an-bailey. A feid atween local reeivin faimilies in the 16t century is myndit in the ballant The Lads o Wamfrey.
Ane o the mair kenspeckle residenters wis John Broun o Wamfrey, a Kirk o Scotland theologian that served as the meenister o the local pairish durn the mid-17t century. He flittit tae Wamfrey tae begin servin the pairish at an unkent date (estimates vary fae 1637 until 1655) an remeent in residence until 1662, whan he wis preesont lat late fleme't fil the Netherlands for his public opposeetion til the ryal imposeetion o bishops on the Kirk.
Afore the 20t century the veelage wis wiles cried Newton, or Newtoun, o Wamphray and descrived as bein in Annandale. Newtoun suggests "new veelage o fermtoun", a placename derive't fae Auld English niwe' (new) + tun'' (ferm). Scots toun meant a ferm sattlement afore it cam tae mean a 'toun'. The etymology o Wamfrey isna certaint; some suggestions link 'Wam' tae Gaelic Uamh (cove). Aulder spellins include Wamfry o Wamfray.
Governance
Newtoun Wamfrey is in the UK pairlamentary constituency o Dumfriesshire, Clydesdale and Tweedale. David Mundell is the praisent Scots Conservative Pairty Member o Pairlament.
It is pairt o the Sooth Scotland (Scots Pairlament electoral region in the Scots Pairlament, bein in the constituency o Dumfriesshire. Oliver Mundell o the Scots Conservative Pairty is the MSP.
Afore Brexit, for the European Pairlament its residenters votit tae elect MEPs for the Scotland constituency.
22 Juin
The 22nt o Juin is the 173rd day o the year (174t in lowp years) in the Gregorian Calendar, wi 192 days ti come.
Gulzar
Sampooran Singh Kalra, kent as Gulzar (born 18 August 1936) is a sangwriter, poet an movie director frae Indie. He haes written sangs for mony Hindi movies.
Edward II o Ingland
Edward II (25 Aprile 1284 – 21 September 1327), cried Edward o Caernarfon an aw, wis King o Ingland frae 1307 till he wis deponed in Januar 1327.
Viladecans
Viladecans (Auld Catalan for toun o dugs) is a muckle toun vera close tae Barcelona, Spain. It is locatit atween Sant Boi de Llobregat, Sant Climent de Llobregat, an borderin the coast o the Mediterranean Sea atween El Prat de Llobregat an Gavà.
Viladecans haes 13 or 14 schuils an 30 tae 40 sport teams in fitbaa, basketbaw, basebaw, softbaw, gymnastics an mair.
Demografie
This is a table o Viladecans' population demography syne 1900.
Unthank, Dumfries an Gallowa
Unthank is a veelage in the historical coonty o Dumfriesshire in Dumfries an Gallowa, Scotland. It is north o Langham.
Colón Partido
Colón Partido is a partido locatit on the northren mairch o Buenos Aires Province in Argentinae.
Hjälmared, Alingsås
Hjälmared is a locality situatit in Alingsås Municipality, Västra Götaland Coonty, Swaden. It haed 260 inhabitants in 2010.
Simca 8
The Simca 8 wis a Frainch caur biggit atweesh 1938 an 1951 (includin wartime), available as a sedan, coupé or cabriolet. It wis a Fiat 508C "nuova Balilla" made at Fiat's Simca plant in Nanterre Fraunce.
It didnae hae a specialized ingine or chassis. The '8' in its name didnae staund for an aicht-cylinder ingine; it haed fower cylinders. At launch the caur featurt a 1,089 cc ingine wi a claimed ootput o 32 hp at 4,200 rpm.
Ower the coorse o twa three year it haed some grille chynges, while the ingine size an pouer ootput grew modest.
The Frainch caur mercat in the early 1950s wis concentratit, wi just three model atweesh thaim accoontin for twa thirds o domestic sales in 1950. Ninvertheless, as the fowert best sellin caur o 1950 the Simca 8 wi unit sales o 17,705 in that year achieved a respectable 10.2% mercat share.
Bi the time it wis replaced in 1951, the Simca 8 haed acquired the Fiat 1,221 cc ingine thit wad be pit intae its successor an aw, the popular Simca 9 Aronde.
Sayaka Kanda
Career
She made her Kōhaku Uta Gassen debut in the 62nt Kōhaku Uta Gassen (12/31/2011) singing Ue wo muite arukō alangside her mither, Seiko Matsuda.
Leyla Mammadbeyova
Leyla Alasgar qizi Mammadbeyova, née Zeynalova (Azerbaijani: Leyla Məmmədbəyova; 1909, Baku – 1989, Baku), wis the first Azerbaijani female aviator. She wis the first female pilot in Caucasus, Soothren Europe an in Wastren Aisie an aw.
Career
Mammadbeyova's faither Alasgar Zeynalov wis the cousin o ane o Azerbaijan's pioneer film actors Huseyn Arablinski. Her faimily wis airts-orientit, so as a teenager, the futur aviator coud play the piano an the tar. At age 14, she marriet umwhile laundawner Bahram Mammadbeyov o Kurdakhany, who wad go on tae become chief o the Profeesional Unions Bank in Baku.
Mammadbeyova wis trained as a profeesional aviator at the Baku Airclub and performed her first flicht in 1931. She continued her education at an aviators schuil in Moscow in 1932. On 17 Mairch 1933, Mammadbeyova became the seicont parachutist wumman in the Soviet Union (efter Nina Kamneva) haein jumpit aff the Polikarpov Po-2 plane at Moscow's Tushino Airfield. In 1934 she wan the parachute jump competition held amang representatives o the Sooth Caucasus naitions. Bi 1941 she wis Squadron Leader o the Soviet Airmy.
Mammadbeyova continued her career as a pilot an instructor at the Baku Airclub. She wis refused tae fecht in Warld War II as at the time she wis raisin fower childer (she haed sax oweraw). Despite the Baku Airclub closin doun due tae war condeetions, Mammadbeyova managit tae launch glider an parachutist courses o her awn, whaur she trained hunders o combat pilots an aroond 4,000 paratroopers. Twa ofher students later became Heroes o the Soviet Union. Mammadbeyova performit her last flicht in 1949 an wirkit as Vice-Chair of the DOSAAF's Baku branch till 1961.
Mammadbeyova's elder son Firudin focht in Warld War II, an her younger son Khanlar teuk pairt in the Nagorno-Karabakh War, baith as combat pilots.
Leyla Mammadbeyova became a livin icon while still in her twinties. Her courage an skills wur celebratit throu media an the airts. Her character inspired the literary wirks o Mikayil Mushfig (Afshan, 1933 an Shoyla, 1934) an Samad Vurgun (Leyla, 1935), as well as the movie Ismat (dir. Mikayil Mikayilov, 1934). In the latter, Mammadbeyova appeared as a stuntwumman, haein performit in plane operatin scenes. In 1995 a documentar on Mammadbeyova's life an career entitled Leyla an directit bi Nazim Rza Israfiloglu wis released bi Azerbaijantelefilm.
Gräfsnäs
Gräfsnäs is a locality situatit in Alingsås Municipality, Västra Götaland Coonty, Swaden. It haed 367 inhabitants in 2010.
Novak Djokovic
Novak "Nole" Đoković (Serbie: Новак Ђоковић or Novak Đoković, born 22 Mey 1987) is a Serbie professional tennis player an current Warld No. 1. Lood athort the warld, he is sae namely for his pleyin nor monie deykens regaird him as the wale o aa hard court players in historie.
Cervelló
Cervelló is a municipality o the Baix Llobregat in Catalonie, Spain. It is locatit at the fuit o Serra d'Ordal.
Teotitlán de Flores Magón
Teotitlán de Flores Magón is a toun an municipality in the Cañada region o Oaxaca in sooth-wastren Mexico. It is pairt o the Teotitlán Destrict in the north o the Cañada Region.
Municipality
The municipality covers a aurie o 95.69 km². As o 2005, the municipality haed a total population o 8,675 o whom 1,610 speak a indigenous leid.
Muslim
Muslims is the name waled bi them that follaes the releegion cried Islam. The wird comes fae the Arabic leid an means approximately "ane that wales tae submeet tae the will o God" (or Allah as he's cried in Arabic). There are said tae be aiblins 1,000,000,000 Muslims in the warld, an it is claimed tae be the fastest growin releegion at present on the planet.
Robert Walpole
Robert Walpole, 1st Yerl o Orford (26 August 1676 – 18 Mairch 1745), kent afore 1742 as Sir Robert Walpole, wis a Breetish statesman that is generally regairdit as the first Prime Meenister o Great Breetain.
Awtho the exact dates o Walpole's dominance, dubbed the "Robinocracy", are a maiter o scholarly debate, the period 1721–1742 is eften uised. He dominatit the Walpole–Townshend meenistry, as weel as the subsequent Walpole meenistry, and haulds the record as the langest-servin Breetish prime meenister in history. W. A. Speck wrat that Walpole's uninterruptit rin o 20 years as Prime Meenister "is richtly regairdit as ane o the major feats o Breetish poleetical history... Explanations are uisually offered in terms o his expert haundlin o the poleetical seestem efter 1720, an his unique blendin o the survivin pouers o the croun wi the increasin influence o the Commons".
He wis a Whig frae the gentles cless that wis first electit tae Pairlament in 1701 an held mony senior poseetions. He wis a kintra squire an leukit tae kintra gentlemen for his poleetical base. Historian Frank O'Gorman says his leadership in Pairlament reflected his "raisonable an perswasive oratory, his abeelity tae muive baith the emotions as weel as the mynds o men, an, abuin aw, his by-ordinar sel-confidence". Hoppit says Walpole's policies socht moderation: he wirkit for peace, lawer taxes an growin exports an alloued a little mair tolerance for Protestant Dissenters. He maistly avydit controversy an heich-intensity disputes as his middle wey attractit moderates frae baith the Whig an Tory camps, but his appointment tae Chancellor o the Exchequer efter the Sooth Sea Bubble stock-mercat creesis drew attention tae a perceived pertection o poleetical allies bi Walpole.
H. T. Dickinson sums up his historical role bi sayin that "Walpole wis ane o the greatest politeecians in Breetish history. He played a signeeficant role in susteenin the Whig pairty, safegairdin the Hanoverian succession, an defendin the principles o the Glorious Revolution (1688)....He established a stable poleetical supremacy for the Whig pairty an tocht succeedin meenisters hou best tae establish an effective wirkin relationship atween Croun an Pairlament". Scholarts rank him heichly amang aw Breetish prime meenisters.
Aleppo
Aleppo (حلب Ḥalab, ither names) is the lairgest ceety in Sirie an the caipital o Aleppo Govrenorate, the maist muckle Sirie govrenorate. Wi a population o 2,301,570 (2005 offeecial estimate), it is an aa the lairgest ceety in the Levant.
Aleppo is ane o the auldest continuously inhabitit ceeties in the warld; it haes been inhabitit syne aiblins as early as the 6t millenium BC. Excavations at Tell Qaramel (25 km north o Aleppo) shaw the aurie tae hae been inhabitit syne the 11t millenium BC, which maks it the auldest kent human dounset in the warld. Excavations at Tell as-Sawda an Tell al-Ansari, juist sooth o the auld ceety o Aleppo, shaw that the aurie wis occupee'd syne at least the latter pairt o the 3rd millennium BC; an this is an aa whan Aleppo is first mentioned in cuneiform tablets unearthed in Ebla an Mesopotamie, in which it is notit for its commercial an military proficiency. Sic a lang history is probably due tae its bein a strategic tradin pynt midway atween the Mediterranean Sea an Mesopotamie.
For centuries, Aleppo haes been Greater Sirie's lairgest ceety an the Ottoman Empire's third, efter Constantinople an Cairo. Awtho relatively close tae Damascus in distance, Aleppo is distinct in identity, airchitectur an cultur, aw shaped bi a markedly different history an geography.
The ceety's significance in history haes been its location at the end o the Silk Road, which passed throu central Asie an Mesopotamie. When the Suez Canal wis inauguratit in 1869, trade wis divertit tae sea an Aleppo began its slow decline. At the faw o the Ottoman Empire efter Warld War I, Aleppo cedit its northren hinterland tae modren Turkey, as well as the important railwey connectin it tae Mosul. Then in the 1940s it lost its main access tae the sea, Antioch an Alexandretta (Iskenderun), an aa tae Turkey. Feenally, the isolation o Sirie in the past few decades further exacerbatit the situation, awtho aiblins it is this vera decline that haes helped tae preserve the auld ceety o Aleppo, its mediaeval airchitectur an traditional heritage. Aleppo is nou experiencin a noticeable revival an is slowly returnin tae the spotlicht. It recently wan the title o the "Islamic Caipital o Cultur 2006", an haes an aa witnessed a wave o successfu restorations o its treasured monuments.
Etymology
Aleppo wis kent tae antiquity as Khalpe, Khalibon, an tae the Greeks as Beroea (Βέροια). Durin the Crusades, an again durin the French Mandate for Sirie an the Lebanon, the name Alep wis uised: "Aleppo" is an Italianised version o this. Housomeivver, the auncient name o the ceety, Halab, is o obscure oreegin. Some hae proposed that Halab means 'iron' or 'copper' in Amorite leids syne it wis a major soorce o thir metals in antiquity. Halaba in Aramaic means white, referrin tae the colour o soil an marble abundant in the aurie. Anither proposed etymology is that the name Halab means "gave oot milk," comin frae the auncient tradeetion that Aubraham gae milk tae travelers as thay muivit throughoot the region. The colour o his cous wis ashen (Arab. shaheb); therefore the ceety is an aa cawed Halab ash-Shahba ("he milked the ash-coloured").
Internaitional relations
The ceety o Aleppo is the caipital o Aleppo Govrenorate an the centre o Jabal Semaan destrict. Aleppo Ceety Cooncil is the govrenin body o the ceety, but the govrenor in his turn, enjoys the heichest authority in the ceety as well as the whole govrenorate.
Twin touns — sister ceeties
Currently, Aleppo haes fower sister an pairtner ceeties:
Charles van Lerberghe
Charles van Lerberghe (21 October 1861 at Ghent, Belgium, dee'd 26 October 1907 in Brussels) wis a Belgian Flemish seembolist poet writin in French.
His poetry wis set bi Gabriel Fauré in the sang cycles La chanson d'Ève an Le jardin clos.
Templand
Templand is a veelage in the historical coonty o Dumfriesshire in Dumfries an Gallowa, Scotland. It is a wheen o miles nor'wast o Lockerbie. Templand wis built durin the Industrial Revolution. Whan the nearby saundstane quarrel (Corncockle Quarrel wis built it became hame tae mony quarrel wirkers. Stane fae the quarrel wis uised in the biggin o the Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum in Glesga and wis quarrelt for the replenishment o the gailerie that wis completit in 2006. At the heicht o acteevity up til the 1930s it hid its ain mineral lien fae whit is noo the West Coast Main Line an up tae sax trains per week o stane wis muived tae Glesga an ootthrou Scotland.
Templand lies atween the Corncockel wuidland, a sump, an the Kinnel Watter. Geographical it is believed that the enteer Templand auries is on a gey muckle leck o saundstane, acause o the River Annan cairyin saund doun fae the Moffat aurie.
Sanheid
Sanheid (English: Sandhead) is a smaw veelage in the historical coonty o Wigtounshire in Dumfries an Gallowa, Scotland. It leuks oot ower Luice Bay, 7 mile sooth o Stranrawer. The auld main road, name't "Main Street", rins throu the veelage, bit noo teh A716 road passes by it wi a narrae an twistin cairiagewey. The veelage developit as a strip veelage wi a smiddy an a schuil bi 1850, and the bay wis uised for laundin lime an later coal.
The veelage schuil is situatit abuin the veelage, an a bit north o the schuil is Balgreggan Motte that staunds abuin the A716. The motte wis the first in a line o early castles alang the eastren shore o the Rhins. The tap wis uised bi the Ryal Observer Corps durin Warld War II as a leukoot pynt, bit in earlier times the castle wis made fae wuid and wis inevitable burnt doun til the grund bi spulyin forces. The veelage is locatit near RAF West Freugh.
In 1902 the first wireless telegraph station wis estaiblisht atween Sagar Island in Indie an Sanheid.
Incheon Internaitional Airport
Incheon Internaitional Airport (IIA) (인천국제공항) is the lairgest airport in Sooth Korea, the primar airport servin the Seoul Naitional Caipital Aurie, an ane o the lairgest an busiest airports in the warld. For seeven year in a row (2005–2012), it wis ratit the best airport warldwide bi Airports Council International. The airport haes a gowf coorse, spa, private sleepin ruims, ice skeitchin rink, a casino, indoor gairdens an a Museum o Korean Cultur. Airport authorities claim that average depairtur an arrival taks anerly 19 minutes (60 minutes warld-wide industry average) an 12 minutes (45 minutes) respectively, significantly lawer than the rest o the warld, makkin it ane o the fastest airports in the warld for customs processin. Its duty-free shopping mall has been rated the world's best for three year in a row in 2012 by Business Traveler. Incheon Internaitional Airport claims that it haes anerly a 0.0001% baggage mishandlin rate an aw.
Locatit 48 km wast o Seoul, the caipital an lairgest ceety o Sooth Korea, Incheon Internaitional Airport is the main hub for Korean Air, Asiana Airlines, Jeju Air, an Polar Air Cargo. The airport serves as a hub for internaitional ceevilian air transportation an cargo traffec in East Asie. Incheon Internaitional Airport is currently Asie's aicht busiest airport in terms o passengers, the warld's fowert busiest airport bi cargo traffec, an the warld's nint busiest airport in terms o internaitional passengers in 2013. In that year, 40,785,953 internaitional passengers uised the airport.
The airport opened for business in early 2001 tae replace the aulder Gimpo Internaitional Airport, which nou serves maistly domestic destinations plus shuttle flichts tae alternate airports in Cheenae, Japan, an Taiwan.
Guadalajara, Jalisco
Guadalajara is the caipital o the Mexican state o Jalisco, an the seat o the municipality o Guadalajara. The ceety is locatit in the central region o Jalisco in the wastren-paceefic area o Mexico. Wi a population o 1,564,514 it is Mexico's seicont maist muckle municipality. The Guadalajara Metropolitan Area includes seiven adjacent municipalities wi a reportit population o 4,328,584 in 2009, makin it the seicont maist populous metropolitan area in Mexico, ahint Mexico Ceety. The municipality is the seicont maist densely populatit area in Mexico; the first being Ciudad Nezahualcóyotl in Estado de México.
Ituzaingó
Ituzaingó is a wird o Guaraní oreegin meaning approximately "watterfaw, cascade". It mey refer tae:
La Palma de Cervelló
La Palma de Cervelló is a municipality in the comarca o Baix Llobregat, Barcelona Province, Catalonie, Spain. It locatit no far frae Barcelona ceety, close tae the Llobregat river.
Harold Harefit
Harold Harefit or Harold I (c. 1015 – 17 Mairch 1040) wis King o Ingland frae 1035 tae 1040.
Gold Coast, Queensland
Gold Coast ("Gowd Coast") is a coastal ceety o Australie locatit in Sooth East Queensland, 94km sooth o the state caipital Brisbane. Wi a population approximately 540,000 in 2010, it is the seicont maist populous ceety in the state, the saxt maist populous ceety in the kintra, an an' a' the maist populous nan-caipital ceety in Australie.
Gold Coast is kent as a major tourist destination wi its sunny subtropical climate, surfin beaches, canal an waterway seestems, its heich-rise dominatit skyline, nightlife, and rainforest hinterland. Gold Coast is a candidate ceety for the 2018 Commonwealth Gemmes.
Sister ceeties
Accordin tae the Gold Coast Ceety Cooncil Wabsteid, Gold Coast is twinned wi:
Cuenca
Cuenca mey refer tae:
Tenochtitlan
Tenochtitlan wis an Aztec altepetl (ceety-state) locatit on an island in Loch Texcoco, in the Valley o Mexico. Foondit in 1325, it acame the caipital o the expandin Mexica Empire in the 15t century, till captured bi the Spainyie in 1521. At its peak, it wis the laorgest ceety in the Pre-Columbian Americas. When paired wi Mexico, the name is a reference tae Mexica, forby kent as "Aztecs" altho thay referred tae themselves as Mexica. It subsequently acame a cabecera o the Viceroyalty o New Spain. The day the ruins o Tenochtitlan are locatit in the central pairt o Mexico Ceety.
Stade Français
Stade Français is a rugby union coar fae France.
21 Juin
The 21st o Juin is the 172nt day o the year (173rd in lowp years) in the Gregorian Calendar, wi 193 days ti come.
Stade Français
Heineken Kemp runner up: 2000-01, 2004-05
Chubut
Chubut (Provincia del Chubut, ; Talaith Chubut) is a province in the soothren pairt o Argentinae situatit atween the 42nt parallel sooth (formin the mairch wi the Río Negro Province) an the 46t parallel sooth (borderin Santa Cruz Province), the Andes range separatin Argentinae frae Chile, an the Atlantic Ocean. The province's name derives frae the Tehuelche wird chupat, meanin "transparent," thair description o the Chubut River.
The lairgest ceety, wi 180,000 indwallers, is Comodoro Rivadavia in the sooth o the province. The admeenistrative caipital is Rawson (40,000). Ither important ceeties are Puerto Madryn, Trelew, Esquel an Sarmiento. Gaiman is a cultural an demografic centre o the region kent as "Y Wladfa" in which Welsh-Argentines are concentratit. O the 25,000 Welsh speakers in Argentinae, mony are in the Chubut region, pairticularly in the oreeginal Welsh dounsets o Trelew an Trevelin.
History
Afore the Spaniards arrivit in Americae, nomadic indigenous fowks inhabitit the Patagonie region. In the 17t an 18t centuries, Spaingie missionars came tae the aurie, an foondit the San José Fort on Península Valdés, which wis later destroyed bi local native fowks. In 1865, Welsh fowk came tae Chubut in the Mimosa ship an wur settled in Chubut Glen aurie. The region wis disputit atween Chile an Argentinae until 1881, when Chile renooncit its claim in order tae prevent Argentinae frae enterin intae the War o the Paceefic.
As pairt o the Conquista del Desierto (Desert conquest), the Naitional Territory o Chubut wis creatit in 1884, o which Luis Fontana wis namit govrenor. At the beginnin o the 20t century, efter the Boer War, some Boer fowk settled in the toun o Sarmiento (awready foondit bi the Welsh fowk at the end o the 19t century), an in lesser nummer in ither nearbi touns.
In 1944, the soothren pairt o Chubut an northren pairt o Santa Cruz wur designatit the Comodoro Rivadavia militar zone. The zone wis dissolvit in 1955, an Chubut wis declared a province.
Population shifts o the 20t century, especially frae Buenos Aires, raised the population steadily frae 190,000 (1970), tae 357,000 (1991) an 413,237 (2001). Maist o the indwallers are in the main ceeties, or in lesser nummers alang the Chubut River, which gies maist auries a population densitie o less nor 1 inhabitant per square kilometre.
Economy
Chubut's economy, for a lang time ane o the maist prosperous in Argentinae, is ane o the kintra's least diversifee'd. Its 2006 ootput, estimatit at US$4.7 billion, is made up in amaist a fowert bi minin an petroleum. This sector's contreibution (maistly centred aroond Comodoro Rivadavia) helpit gie Chubut the naition's fowert-heichest per caipita ootput in 2011, US$25,250. Petroleum refinin is the main economic activity o the province, wi 13% o Argentine ile production (maistly aff-shore). 21% o the naition's fish catch is producit bi Chubut.
Sheep ranchin, tho less nor hauf as productive than as recently as 1990, remains important at the local level. The advent o synthetic replacements tae oo efter World War II battered the sector, further decimatit bi Argentinae's poleetical instability an naitural disasters. Oo production haes risen syne 2002, housomeivver, an totaled 71,000 tons in 2006.
Geografie an Climate
Chubut stretches frae the Atlantic tae the Andes: the coast is markit bi heich cliffs an sandy beaches, whareas the centre consists o several plateaus an depressions. The Andes are no vera heich in Chubut, wi maist peaks atween 1,500 m an 2,000 m.
The coast is exceptionally mild for Patagonia due tae wairm currents frae Brazil: daytime heichs range frae 24 °C (75 °F) tae 28 °C (83 °F) an nicht temperaturs range frae 11 °C (52 °F) tae 15 °C (59 °F) durin the simmer. Faws are pleasant wi ceul nichts, an winters are moderate, wi days rangin frae aboot 9 °C (48 °F) in the sooth tae 13 °C (55 °F) in the north, an nichts frae 1 °C (34 °F) tae 4 °C (40 °F). Precipitation is law, frae 150 mm tae 250 mm. Temperaturs belaw −10 °C (14 °F) are infrequent, as is hivy snaw.
The wast becomes wetter as we approach the Andes, an some spots attain 4,000 mm o rainfaw. Simmers are ceul an windy, at 20 °C tae 22 °C (68 tae 74 °F) durin the day an 5 °C tae 7 °C (41 tae 45 °F) at nicht. Winters are vera stormy, wi rain, sleet an snaw, heichs frae 4 °C tae 8 °C (39 tae 47 °F) at law altitudes, an laws frae 0 °C (32 °F) tae −4 °C (25 °F). Temperaturs rarely dip belaw −20 °C (−4 °F) but hivy snaw mey occur.
Altitudes ower 1,000 m hae constant winter snaw civer, an ower 2,000 m, the snaw remains till midsimmer. Heicher peaks are hivily glaciatit.
Newspapers
Thare are a nummer o prent newspapers includin:
Online jurnalism
Online jurnalism haes a sma, growin presence in Chubut. The sax prent newspapers hae online edeetions; but thir are anerlie updatit ivery 24 oors. Some new digital proposals mak a better uise o wab's potential. Ane case is Infochubut.com, a recent publication that wirks wi audio, video, text an photographs for its news an affers forums for public pairticipation. Some radio stations in northwast Chubut began tae publish online some o the interviews thay mak in thare radio studies.
Radio
The maist populous ceeties are served bi AM radio stations lik Chubut Radio an Three Radio in Trelew, Golfo Nuevo's Radio in Puerto Madryn, National Radio in Comodoro, Rivadavia an Esquel. Thare are several FM radio stations which broadcast programs frae a naitional central office an aw.
Televeesion
The provincial govrenment runs a TV netwirk that covers the province. In Trelew, Comodoro Rivadavia, Esquel, Puerto Madryn an in some sma touns thare are ither local TV stations producin local programmin tae supplement the programmin receivit frae the Buenos Aires netwirks. In 2004 mony Welsh Argentines asked the Welsh Govrenment for access tae Welsh-leid channel S4C.
Tourism
Tourism is a growin industrie an aw. The main attractions are Peninsula Valdés an ither marine wildlife reservoirs sic as Punta Tombo an Punta Ninfas, wi richt whales, eared seals, elephant seals, penguins, orcas an mony ither ainimals. At the Punta Tombo steid thare is ane o the lairgest breedin auries for the Magellanic penguin.
Further sooth, on the sparsely populatit beaches o the Golfo San Jorge, is the anerlie place in the warld whaur the peculiar, flichtless Chubut Steamer Duck can be observit. In the Andean region, the Los Alerces National Park, impressive lakes an hikes near Esquel are visitit ivery year bi mony tourists. The 'Old Patagonian Express' (ketn as La Trochita an aw), the auld steam train made famous bi Paul Theroux, attracts mony tae Esquel, as daes the La Hoya ski center. The petrifeed forest near Sarmiento is a 150 km² pairk wi some o the lairgest fossilisit trees in the warld.
Transport
The Ruta Nacional 3 runs alang the coast line up tae Buenos Aires, an doun tae Tierra del Fuego. The Ruta Nacional 25 crosses Chubut frae east tae wast, connectin Trelew an Esquel, but hauf o it haes no yet been pavit. Regular lang distance buses run several times a day tae Buenos Aires, an tae mony locations in the Santa Cruz Province. Short range buses tae touns in Chubut run at least ance a day. Thare are daily simmer buses on the route #25 an aw. The Trelew airport (IATA REL) serves regular flichts tae/frae Buenos Aires an El Calafate. Airports are maintained at Comodoro Rivadavia, Rawson an Esquel an aw.
Fower ither roads traivel wast tae Chile's Aysén Region, includin Balmaceda an Coihaique Alto, an twa tae Chile's Los Lagos Region frae Corcovado tae Palena an frae Esquel via Trevelin tae Futaleufu.
Poleetical diveesions
The province is dividit intae 15 depairtments (Spainyie: departamentos).
Institutions
Chubut is covered bi the Roman Catholic Diocese o Comodoro Rivadavia. The Cathedral, dedicatit tae San Juan Bosco is in Comodoro Rivadavia an the Bishop syne 2005 is Virginio Domingo Bressanelli. Ither faiths are active in Chubut, principally amangst the Welsh chapels as well as Lutheran an Muslim places o wirship in Comodoro.
The varsity—Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco—is based in Comodoro Rivadavia wi campuses at Esquel, Trelew an Puerto Madryn, as well as in Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego.
Robgill Tour
Robgill Tour is a tour hoose near Ecclefechan in the historical coonty o Dumfriesshire in Dumfries an Gallowa in Scotland on the baunks o the Kirtle Watter. It wis ane o a nummer o tours built alang the mairch as pertection again incursions bi the Breetish.
The tour wis awnt for centurys bi Clan Irvine, spelt as Irving an aw, bit a report fae 1834 shaws that it was awnt bi James Smail bi that time. He hid acquire'd it fae Sir Emelius Iriving.
Politics
Politics is the wey that groups maks deciesions. Aatho the term is for ordinar applee'd tae haivins athin guvernments, politics is obserred in aw human (an a wheen nae-human) group interactions, includin corporate, academic, an reliegious institutions.
Robgill Tour
Etymology
The name is fae the Auld English personal name Hreodbeorht (modren name: Rabert) an the Auld Norse gil(gill). The name wis recordit as Redbeilgill in 1125.
Mendoza Province
The Province o Mendoza is a province o Argentinae, locatit in the wastren central pairt o the kintra in the Cuyo region. It borders tae the north wi San Juan, the sooth wi La Pampa an Neuquén, the east wi San Luis, an tae the wast wi the republic o Chile; the internaitional limit is marked bi the Andes muntain range. Its caipital ceety is the homonymous ceety o Mendoza.
Coverin an aurie o 148.827 km², it is the seivent biggest province o Argentinae wi 5.35% o the kintra's total surface. The population for 2010 is 1.741.610 inhabitants, which maks it the fift lairgest populatit province o the kintra, or 4.35% o the total naitional population.