cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
San Pedro de la Paz
San Pedro de la Paz is a Chilean ceety an commune locatit in the Concepción Province, Biobío Region. It haes some 80,447 inhabitants accordin tae the 2002 naitional census. In 2005, the Pedro Aguirre Cerda avenue, the main avenue in the ceety, wis completit. Maist o the inhabitants o this comuna commute daily tae Concepción - either bi caur, bus or train - ower the Biobío River. It is considerated as pairt o Greater Concepción conurbation.
San Pedro wis established durin the Conquest o Chile first as fort la Candelaria which wis destroyed follaein the daith o Govrenor Martín García Óñez de Loyola in 1599. It wis rebuilt as pairt o La Frontera bi Alonso de Ribera as fort San Pedro de la Paz in 1603. A sma settlement grew up aroond it. Durin the Chilean War o Unthirldom the toun wis burned in 1821, bi the ryalist Juan Manuel Picó on the order o Vicente Benavides durin the Battle o San Pedro. The fort wis ruined bi the 1835 Concepción earthquake.
Santa Cruz del Norte
Santa Cruz del Norte is a municipality in the Mayabeque Province o Cuba. Afore 2011 it wis pairt o La Habana Province. It is locatit on the north shore, atween the ceeties o Havana an Matanzas, at the mooth o the Santa Cruz River.
The toun wis foondit in 1800, bein a fishin commonty at that time, an achievit municipality status in 1931.
Conselheiro Lafaiete
Conselheiro Lafaiete is a ceety o the state o Minas Gerais, Brazil. It wis kent as Queluz till 1934, when it wis renamit bi decree, as a tribute tae Coonselor Lafayette Rodrigues Pereira
Santa Cruz del Norte
This is the main hame o the Havana Club rum distillery; aw daurk varieties bein producit in Santa Cruz del Norte. The distillery can be visitit as pairt o a tour.
Conselheiro Lafaiete
It is situatit 96 km sooth frae Belo Horizonte, caipital o Minas Gerais, in ane o the maist important economic auries o Brazil. The population wis 113.019 inhabitants, in 2006. It's ane o the maist populatit ceeties o MG.
Santa Cruz del Norte
Ither industries in the municipality include pouer generation, ile extraction an fishin.
Banner o Laos
The banner o Laos wis adoptit on December 2, 1975. The banner haed previously been uised bi the short-lived Lao nationalist govrenment o 1945.
Description an symbolism
The banner consists o three horizontal strips, middle blue strip is twice the heicht o the tap an bottom reid stripes. In the middle is a white disc, the diameter o the disc is 0.8 times the heicht o the blue stripe. The banner ratio is 2:3. The naitional banner o Laos wis adoptit in 1975, when the kintra became a fowkrepublic. It is ane o the few Communist flags that daes nae uise the five-pyntit star as an emblem. This banner replaced the oreeginal banner o Laos, which wis reid, wi a triple-headed white elephant on a pedestal beneath a parasol. This expressed the auncient name o the kintra, "Land o a Million Elephants," an dated frae the 19t century. Frae 1953 onward the royal govrenment waged war wi the Pathet Lao, whose banner wis blue wi a white disk an reid borders at the tap an bottom. Frae 1973-1975, the Pathet Lao formed pairt o the govrenment coalition, afore assuming power directly an prompting the abdication o the keeng. Thair banner wis adoptit as the naitional banner. In the center is a white disk seembolisin the unity o the fowk unner the leadership o the Lao Fowk's Revolutionary Pairty an the kintra's bricht future. It is an aa said to represent a full muin against the Mekong River. The reid stripes staund for the bluid shed bi the fowk in thair struggle for freedom, an the blue symbolizes thair prosperity.
Santa Cruz del Norte
Demografics
The municipality is dividit intae the barrios o Santa Cruz del Norte (the toun proper), Boca de Jaruco, Jibacoa, El Fraile, Arcos de Canasí, El Comino, La Sierra, Hershey (or Camilo Cienfuegos), Loma del Tanque, El Rubio an Paula.
Banner o Laos
Heestory
Frae 1952 until the faw o the royal govrenment in 1975 the kintra haed a reid banner, wi a white three-headed elephant (the god Erawan) in the middle. On tap o the elephant is a nine-folded umbrella, while the elephant itself stands on a five-level pedestal. The white elephant is a common royal seembol in Soothaest Asie, the three heads referred tae the three umwhile kinricks Vientiane, Luangprabang, an Champasak which made up the kinrick. The nine-folded umbrella is an aa a royal seembol, originating frae Mt. Meru in the Buddhist cosmology. The pedestal represented the law on which the kintra rested.
The Wastren heraldic blazon is A banner Gules, a Spainyie fess azure charged with a plate. This new banner haes replaced the ane uised syne 1952.
Springburn
Springburn (Gaelic: Allt an Fhuairain) is a destrict intae northren Glesga. The area is steidit juist benorth the toun. Maist fowk that bides in Springburn is wirkin-cless fowk. Thare wis 12,064 fowk bidin in Springburn in 2012. Stairtin as a wee weavin communitie, Springburn uised tae hae train-biggin in the 19t and 20t centuries that makkit Springburn growe tae be the Scots railwey metropolis it ance wis. The heid o Springburn wis etten wi Glesga in 1872, wi the lave o it follaein in 1891 alang wi Balornock an Barmulloch. Springburn haes a pairk, a hie-schuil, a college, a Hospital, a Shoppin Centre, and a Health Centre
History
The Barnhill Puirhoose wis opent in 1850. Puir fowk that coudna support thairsels wis sent here an thay wis made tae dui jobs the likes o rowin up kindlers, sinderin tar-raip fibres, an brakkin rocks. It's name wad be chynged tae Foresthauch Hospital (English: Foresthall Hospital) in 1945 an wis syne uised as a hospital and care hoose for auld fowk. It wis caaed doun in the 1980s.
The Blocks wis a curn raws biggit in 1865 for fowk wirkin tae the nearby Coulairs warks an Eastfield rinnin sheds. As weel as factorie wirkers, thay wis hame tae drivers, firemen, signalmen an gairds. The fowk that bade in the Blocks likit thaim, tho the Blocks wis like tae be fluidit. The Blocks wis caaed doun in 1967, an wis replaced wi five an sax fluir deck-access blocks that wis biggit atween 1971 an 1976. Thir new deck-access blocks wis pairt o the Fernbank schame. Thay wad come tae hae tairible biggin fauts as weel as social iesues, an wis shutten in 1988. Wark got stairtit tae dui up the biggins in 1989, duiin awa wi the deck-touers an biggin slopin ruifs.
The Public Haa wis biggit in the early 1900s, efter fowk bidin in Springburn haed been campaignin for a haa that coud haud big public gaitherins. Whan the foond stane wis layed, Baillie Samuel Chisholm lat licht that "Springburn is the petted and spoiled child of the Corporation". He wad syne open the biggin offiecial-like as Lord Provost on the 16 Mey 1902. The reid saundstane biggin wis designed by William B Whitie, the bodie that designed the public librar an aa. The Reid faimilie peyed for it, as pairt o a greement that the Corporation wad big some winter gairdens in Springburn Pairk. The public haa wis on the thrive, tho it's prices wis dear. It wad bide a public haa til the 1960s whan it becam a sports centre. The Public Haa wis shutten in the mid 1980s. The Public Haa wis caaed doun in December 2012 ower the heid o the structur no bein sauf. New flats is bein biggit in room o't the nou.
A lot o Springburn wis biggit ower in the 1960s til the 1980s. A lot o the auld biggins wis caaed doun. Springburn Road wis re-aligned and makkit intil a expresswey in the 1980s. The Librar and sports centre that's thare the nou wis biggit in the 80s & 90s whaur the Kay Street Baths uised tae be.
The Railweys
The Glesga an Garnkirk railwey opent in 1831 an wis peyed for by Chairles Tennant & Companie o the St. Rollox chemical warks. This wis the stairt o the railwey industrie that wad later see Springburn come tae be the biggest ingine bigger in Europe.
Springburn Railwey Station wis biggit frae 1885 til 1887 on the Ciety o Glesga Union Line, wi trains rinnin tae an frae St Enoch doun the toun. The station haes twa throu platforms, an twa bay platforms.
The train-biggin companies o Springburn melled wi ither in the early 1900s, becomin the North British Railwey Company.
Efter the Seicont Warld War, Springburn's train-biggin cam tae be aff the thrive. Ower the heid o financial losses, as weel as diesel and electric ingines that's design wis puir, the NBL wis bankruptit in the early 1960s. Aboot 4,500 wirkers wis oot o wark ower the heid o it. St Rollox wis modernised in 1965, at a cost o £1.5 million. Coulairs wad shut doun, maugre o the protests that haed been ettelt at saufin the warks.
Springburn Pairk
The Glesga Corporation got the laund for Springburn Pairk in 1892. Back syne, the laund wis uised for fairmin, an thare wis whit wis left o a auld quarrel an a airnstane pit. The pairk wad get mair laund in 1900 whan Hugh Reid bocht a bit o nearby Cockmuir an gied it tae the ciety sae's thay coud mak the pairk bigger. The hiechest pynt in Glesga is the hill in the pairk, at 107 metre (351ft) abuin sea level. The hill is actually whit's left o a auld waste bing, a byproduct o the naurby auld airnstane mine. Cockmuir Reservoir, that wis on the heid o the hill in the pairk, wis a pairt o Glesga's watter supply. Thare wis a white watter touer that wis biggit in 1939. It wis caaed doun in 1978. The watterwarks in the pairk nou haes a reservoir that's serred by the mains supply frae Milngavie, an can haud five million gallon, aboot a day's watter supply.
The Winter Gairdens, a Grade A-listit biggin, wis biggit by the Corporation as a condietion for acceptin a gift o £12,000 aff Hugh Reid tae pey for biggin the Springburn Public Haas. The Winter Gairdens wis shutten in the mid 1980s an haes layen unuised sin syne. Storm winds blew aff whit wis left o the ruif's gless panes in the mid 1990s. The'r a ongaun campaign tae sauf the Winter Gairdens. Essential structural repairs wis cairit oot in 2017.
Rail transport
Springburn haes twa railwey stations; Springburn, and Barnhill. Trains rins tae the Toun, Dennistoun, Pairtick, Clydebank, Dalmuir, Robroyston, Cummernaud, Fawkirk, Powemont, Lithgae, and Edinburgh. Thare uised tae be a line frae Mairyhill Central and Possil that gaed til Stobhill Hospital, and gaun by the Reid Road doun tae Dalmarnock efterhaund.
Buses
Springburn haes a curn bus services that gangs tae places the likes o Beeshop Rigs, Riddrie, Pairkheid, Kirkintilloch, Possilpairk, Mairyhill, Pairtick, Govan and the Toun.
Scottish Field
Scottish Field is a Scottish monthly magazine that covers tradeitional, leisure, an historical interests.
History an profile
The magazine wis foondit bi umwhile railwey beuking clerk an advertisin executive John MacMurtie in Glesga in Mey 1903, follaeing the model o the field sports magazine The Field in Ingland.
In 1931 the ootdoors jurnal wis taen ower bi Henry Munro, then bocht oot in the 1960s bi Sir Hugh Fraser's Universal Investments group whan it cam unner the weeng o George Outram & Co.. In the 1960s the magazine haed a circulation o 68,000.
Unner the editorship of Roddy Martine in 1976 the magazine wis based, for a brief time, in Edinburgh, shiftin back tae Glesga efter a management buyoot. Unner the editorship o Archie Mackenzie frae 1994 to 2010, the magazine enjoyed its hunnerd year in 2003 and in 2007 wis named Consumer Magazine of the Year at the Scottish Magazine Awards. Syne November 1994 Scottish Field haes been awnt bi Howard Bennett. Its editor syne 2010 is Richard Bath.
Weel-kent contreibutors hae includit Edwin Muir, Bud Neill, Lewis Spence, Neil Gunn, David Daiches, Maurice Lindsay, George Mackay Brown an Marion Chesney, that wis fashion editor.
Hermann Hesse
Hermann Karl Hesse (2 Julie 1877 – 9 August 1962) wis a German-born Swiss poet, novelist, an penter.
Melena del Sur
Melena del Sur is locatit sooth o the Mayabeque Province in Cuba. Bordered on the north an northwast bi San José de las Lajas, on the east bi the municipality o Güines an wast bi Batabano an bi the sooth bi the Guwf o Batabanó. In the sooth shore it is locatit the anerlie beach in the toun whose name is Mayabeque Beach. In this beach it is the auld ootlet o the Mayabeque river (called Antiguo Mayabeque).
The municipality is dividit intae 5 popular cooncils, namit efter the maist important touns, which are: Melena del Sur, Mañalich, Guara, Lechuga an Monte-Zapote. Its population exceeds 20 000 inhabitants o whom aboot hauf live in the toun.
Aleppo Govrenorate
Aleppo Govrenorate (محافظة حلب ) is ane o the fowerteen govrenorates o Sirie. It is the maist populous govrenorate in Sirie wi a population o mair nor 4,507,000 (2009 estimate), amaist 23% o the total population o Sirie. The governorate is the fift in aurie wi an aurie o 18,482 km², aboot 10% o the total aurie o Sirie. The caipital is the ceety o Aleppo. The govrenorate is representit bi 52 deputies in the parliament (oot o 250), o whom 20 come frae the ceety o Aleppo. The govrenor syne 2009 is Ahmad Ali Mansoura.
Thegither wi the Idlib Govrenorate (an the disputit Sanjak o Alexandretta), the Govrenorate o Aleppo mak up the Northren Region o Sirie. Historically, the Northren Region wis the maist fertile an the maist densely populatit in Sirie; this explains why the Govrenorate o Aleppo haes bi far the lairgest number o touns (32 touns), veelages (1430 veelages), an ferms (1424 farms) in Sirie (compare tae 28 touns, 190 veelages, an 82 ferms in the Rif Dimashq Govrenorate). It an aa explains why the Northren Region haes a muckle lairger number o airchaeological steids an remains than elsewhaur in Sirie.
Ceeties
The lairgest ceeties in Aleppo Govrenorate are:
Destricts
The govrenorate haes 10 destricts (Mintaqa's) in 2011:
The destricts are dividit intae 42 sub-destricts (Nāḥiyas).
Sant Pere
Sant Pere (Catalan for Saunt Peter) mey refer tae:
Dumfries (disambiguation)
Dumfries is the name gien ti a nummer o places:
28 Januar
The 28t o Januar is the 28t day o the year in the Gregorian Calendar, wi 337 days ti come (338 in lowp years).
Carina Moberg
Carina Moberg (17 Aprile 1966 – 15 August 2012 ) wis a Swaddish politeecian, an a member o the kintra's pairlament in Stockholm. She represented the Social Democratic pairty (Socialdemokratiska Arbetarpartiet) in the Riksdag.
Yu So-chow
Yu So Chow ( Yale Cantonese:yū sou chāu; 9 Julie 1930 - 12 Mey 2017) wis a Cheenese actress born in Beijing tae a Peking opera faimily. She is the dochter o late Maister Yu Jim-yuen who ran the China Drama Academy, a Peking Opera School in Hong Kong, an teacher o mony well-kent actors.
She stairtit her actin career in 1948 an made ower 240 films in the wuxia, kung fu, action, detective an Cantonese opera genres. Her films wur successfu at the box-office an she wis ane o the maist popular superstarns o the 1960 in Asie an Hong Kong.
Career
Yu learned Peking Opera at the age o aicht an made her stage debut at the age o nine. She specialisit in playin female warrior roles in which she coud skillfully demonstrate her fuitwirk bi continuously jugglin an kickin back twal reid-tasselled tuo shou (脫手) spears, as seen in ane o her famous stage Peking operas, The White Snake (白蛇傳), an in the 1951 film Amazon on the Sea (海上女霸王).
Her first movie wis made in 1948, a Mandarin wuxia film cried The Kung Fu Couple (宏碧緣 ). She wis ane o the three actresses in the 1950s who really ken mairtial airts. Aff the screen, she wis virtually a heroine: at the age o saxteen, she alane successfully focht aff a group o gangsters wi anerly a silky belt on the streets o Shanghai. She wis able tae dae aw the stunts, punches an acrobatic skills bi hersel in aw her action films.
Her early wuxia picturs frae 1948 tae 1957 wur in baith Mandarin an Cantonese dialogue, wi stories intendit tae increase cooperation o the Northren Style an Soothren Style o mairtial airts, as seen in The heroine of deadly darts (女俠響尾追魂鏢) in 1956. Thir remarkable wuxia films wur maistly based on kung fu novels, e.g. Burning of the Red Lotus Monastery Pt 1 & Pt 2 (火燒紅蓮寺) in 1950, The Golden Hairpin Pt 1 & Pt 3 (碧血金釵) in 1963, Buddha’s Palm Pt 1 tae Pt 4 (如來神掌) in 1964 an The Burning of Pingyang City'' (火燒平陽城) in 1965.
Her performances in Cantonese opera wur quite different; she brocht in a mixtur o Peking Opera, in which she performit a lot o fuitwirk, as in Suet Ting Shan an Fan Lai Hua - Meetin on the Weedy River (蘆花河會母) in 1961, Giein birth on the brig – the White serpent (斷橋產子) in 1962 an How Zhong Wuyan Conquered the West (鍾無艷掛帥征西) in 1962. She played a male lead as seen in movies Execution of Lui Po at Pak Moon Lau (白門樓斬呂布) in 1961 an aw, Twa hunters in a pursuit (文武狀元爭彩鳳) in 1962 an The beauties (陣陣美人威) in 1964. Apairt frae action films, she did a few rare contemporar an melodrama films, for example Midsummer nicht’s romance (夏夜之戀) in 1953, Bachelors beware (溫柔鄉) in 1960 an Twa mouthy ladies frae the north an sooth (南北鐵咀雞) in 1965.
Her gowden age o filmin wis aetween 1963 an 1966, when she made at least thirty movies in a year. Despite her fame an her leadin position, she did tak pairt in movies as a villainous wumman, a role uisually rejectit bi ither actresses who wur afraid o damagin their image. Housomeivver, Yu pruivit that her talent in actin wis no limitit tae action films. Her surprise roles in The big revenge pairt 1 an 2 (灕江河畔血海仇) (1963) an Heaven, Hell an Crystal Palace (天堂地獄水晶宮) (1965) did no destroy her popularity nor upset her fans; insteid they wan the herts o the audience.
She marriet famous Cantonese opera actor, Mak Bing Wing, in 1966. Her last major movie wis filmit in Taiwan (Decree o the fire dragon (血火龍令) in 1968) an she made a guest appearance in Secret agent no.1 (神探一號) in 1970. Suin efter that she wis completely retired frae the limelicht. She is nou settled in San Francisco wi her five childer.
Anneli Särnblad
Anneli Särnblad, born 1968, is a Swaddish politeecian, an a member o the kintra's pairlament in Stockholm. She represents the Social Democratic pairty (Socialdemokratiska Arbetarpartiet) in the Riksdag.
Yu So-chow
Career
In 2004, Yu wis ane o the celebrities honoured on the Avenue of Stars, Hong Kong. Tae date, Yu still haulds the record amang actresses o makkin mair nor 170 wuxia movies. Tho she did no gain any internaitional awairds afore her retirement (acause Hong Kong wuxia picturs wur acceptit internaitionally only recently), she is recognisit as a "queen" o mairtial airtists an actresses bi her fans for her devotion tae, an excellence in, wuxia films.
Sharqia Govrenorate
Sharqia Govrenorate (محافظة الشرقية Muḥāfaẓa aš Šarqīya, Eastern Governorate) is ane o the govrenorates o Egyp. It is locati in the north o the kintra. Its caipital is the ceety o Zagazig.
Municipality o Škocjan
The Municipality of Škocjan (Občina Škocjan) is a municipality in the tradeetional region o Lawer Carniola in sootheastren Slovenie. The seat o the municipality is Škocjan. The Municipality o Škocjan is nou includit in the Sootheast Slovenie Statistical Region.
Bipolar disorder
Bipolar disorder, previously kent as manic depression, is a mental disorder that causes periods o depression an periods o elevatit muid.
Robert Lewandowski
Robert Lewandowski (born 21 August 1988) is a Pols fitbawer who plays as striker for Barcelona an the Pols naitional team.
Harrislee
Harrislee (Harreslev) is a municipality in the destrict o Schleswig-Flensburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situatit on the border wi Denmark an directly beside Flensburg.
Narciso Campero Province
Narciso Campero is a province in the Cochabamba Depairtment, Bolivie. Its caipital is Aiquile. Aiquile lees on ane transportation route atween the ceeties o Cochabamba, Sucre an Santa Cruz.
Subdiveesion
The province is dividit intae three municipalities which are further subdividit intae cantons.
1998 Earthquake
The earthquake caused widespread damage ower an aurie o approximately 100 km in diameter. The major touns affectit wur Hoyadas (100% o the biggins destroyed), Aiquile (75% o the biggins destroyed) an Totora (70% o the biggins destroyed).
Nikos Papadopoulos
Nikos Papadopoulos (born 1939), is a Swaddish politeecian, an a member o the kintra's pairlament in Stockholm. He represents the Social Democratic pairty (Socialdemokratiska Arbetarpartiet) in the Riksdag.
Geltinger Bucht
Geltinger Bucht is an Amt ("collective municipality") in the destrict o Schleswig-Flensburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Its seat is in Steinbergkirche. It wis fuirmit on 1 Januar 2008 frae the umwhile Ämter Gelting an Steinbergkirche.
The Amt Geltinger Bucht consists o the follaein municipalities:
Elbeyli
Elbeyli (Eliyê Mentarê) is a destrict o Kilis Province o Turkey.
Elbeyli wis controlled bi the Seljuk Turks atween 1040 an 1157, then the Anatolie beyliks of Ilkhanate leaders an then the Dulkadirids afore being brocht intae the Ottoman Empire bi Selim I in 1517, follaein the Battle o Mercidabık.
Villa Elisa
Villa Elisa mey refer tae several places:
United
United can refer tae:
San Agustín Chayuco
San Agustín Chayuco is a toun an municipality in Oaxaca in sooth-wastren Mexico. The municipality covers an aurie o 107.2 km². It is locatit in the Jamiltepec Destrict in the wast o the Costa Region.
As o 2005, the municipality haed a total population o 4514.
Nueva Italia
Nueva Italia (New Italy) is the name o touns in the follaein kintras;
Quezon Ceety
Quezon Ceety (Filipino:Lungsod Quezon; Quezon City) is the umwhile caipital (1948–1976) an the lairgest ceety in the Philippines. Locatit on the island o Luzon, Quezon Ceety (popularly kent tae Filipinos as simply QC) is ane o the ceeties an municipalities that mak up Metro Manila, the Naitional Caipital Region. The ceety wis named efter Manuel L. Quezon, the umwhile preses o the Commonwealth o the Philippines who foondit the ceety an developed it tae replace Manila as the kintra's caipital. Quezon Ceety is no locatit in an shoud no be ramfeeselt wi Quezon province, which wis an aa named efter the preses.
Haein been the umwhile caipital, mony govrenment offices are locatit in the ceety, includin the Batasang Pambansa, the seat o the Hoose o Representatives, which is the lawer chamber in the Philippine Congress. The main campuses o twa noteworthy varsities, the Ateneo de Manila University an the kintra's Naitional University—the University o the Philippines, Diliman—are locatit in the ceety.
Geografie
The ceety lies on the Guadalupe plateau which is a relatively heich plateau on the northeast corner o the metropolis atween the lawlands o Manila tae the soothwast an the Marikina River valley tae the east. The soothren portion is drained bi the vera narrae San Juan River an its tributaries tae Pasig River, while runnin in the northren portions o the ceety is the equally narrae Tullahan River.
Quezon Ceety is bordered bi Manila tae the soothwast, bi Caloocan an Valenzuela, Philippines tae the wast an northwast. Tae the sooth lies San Juan an Mandaluyong while Marikina an Pasig borders Quezon Ceety tae the sootheast. Tae the north athort Marilao River lies San Jose del Monte in the province o Bulacan an tae the east lies Rodriguez an San Mateo, baith in the province o Rizal.
Wonji-dong
Wonji-dong is a dong, neebourheid o Seocho-gu in Seoul, Sooth Korea. It is a legal dong (법정동 ) admeenistered unner its admeenistrative dong (행정동 ), Yangjae 2-dong.
Usuli
Usulis (الاصولية) are the majority Twaler Shia Muslim group. They differ frae their nou hintle smawer rival Akhbari group in favorin the uise o ijtihad i.e. raisonin in the creation o new rules o fiqh; in assessin hadith tae exclude traditions they believe unreliable; in considerin it obligatory tae obey a mujtahid when seekin tae determine Islamically correct behavior.
Syne the crushin o the Akhbaris in the late 18t century, it haes been the dominant schuil o Twaler Shia an nou forms an owerwhelmin majority athin the Twaler Shia denomination.
Backgrund
The Usuli believe that the Hadith collections contained traditions o vera varyin degrees o reliability, an that creetical analysis wis necessary tae assess their authority. In contrast the Akhbari believe that the sole sources o law are the Qur'an an the Hadith, in pairticular the Fower Beuks acceptit bi the Shia: iverything in these sources is in principle reliable, an ootside them there wis nae authority competent tae enact or deduce further legal rules.
In addition tae assessin the reliability o the Hadith, Usuli believe the task o the legal scholar is tae establish intellectual principles o general application (Usul al-fiqh), from which pairticular rules mey be derivit bi wey o deduction: accordinly, legal scholarship haes the tuils in principle for resolvin ony situation, whether or no it is specifically addressed in Quran or Hadith (see Ijtihad).
The dominance o the Usuli ower the Akhbari came in last half o the 18t century when Muhammad Baqir Behbahani led Usulis tae challenge Akhbari dominance an "completely routit the Akhbaris at Karbala an Najaf," so that "anerlie a haundful o Shi'i ulama hae remained Akhbari tae the present day."
Taqlid
An important tenet o Usuli doctrine is Taqlid or "imitation", i.e. the acceptance o a releegious rulin in matters o wurship an personal affairs frae someane regardit as a heicher releegious authority (e.g. an 'ālim) athoot necessarily askin for the technical proof. These heicher releegious authorities can be kent as a "source o imitation" (Arabic marja taqlid مرجع تقليد, Persie marja) or less exaltitly as an "imitatit ane" (Arabic مقلَد muqallad). Housomeivver, his verdicts are no tae be taken as the anerlie source o releegious information an he can be aaways correctit bi ither muqalladeen (the plural o muqallad) which come efter him. Obeyin a deceased taqlid is forbidden in Usuli.
Taqlid haes been introducit bi scholars who felt that Quranic verses an traditions wur no enough an that ulama wur needit no anerlie tae interpret the Quran an Sunna but tae mak "new rulins tae respond tae new challenges an push the bundaries o Shia law in new directions." Creetics anaw say a major motive ahint introducin this wis tae collect Islamic taxes.
Copala (municipality)
Copala is ane o the 81 municipalities o Guerrero, in sooth-wastren Mexico. The municipal seat lees at Copala. It is kent for its beach, Playa Ventura. The municipality covers a aurie o 344.4 km².
As o 2005, the municipality haed a tot population o 11,896.
Ait cake
An ait cake (kent as havercakes or haverbread forby) is a flatbreid akin tae a cracker or biscuit,  bit can be a pan scone an aw. Thay are makkit wi aitmeal (havermeal) as the formaist ingredient, an can hae plain or halemeal floor forby. Ait cakes are cuiked on a girdle or baked in an uin.
History
Ait cakes haes been screived anent in Scotland sin lang syne (at least syne the the Roman conquest in AD 43) an aiblins existit afore than. Thay'v bin said tae be the mainstey o Scots breids fur hunners o years; Jean Le Bel c. 1357-60 AD describes Beguine nuns makin "little pancakes rather like communion wafers". This is thocht tae be an earlie descreive o an ait cake.
In Scotland
In Scotland, ait cakes ur makkit on a girdle or by bakin roonds o aitmeal on a tray. Gin the roonds is muckle, thay'r scliced intae farls afore bakin. Aits is grains that graws weel in norlan Scotland an wur, till the 20t yearhunner, the staple grain uised.
Scots sodgers in the 14t yearhunner carried a metal plate an a sack o aitmeal. Eildins accoonts say that a sodger wid heat the plate ower fire, moisten a bit o aitmeal an mak a cake tae "comfort his stomach. Hence it is no marvel that the Scots should be able to make longer marches than other men".
Samuel Johnson kenspeckle referred tae this in his dictionar definition fur oats (aits):
Lord Elibank wis said bi Sir Walter Scott to hae reponed;
The texture kin vary fae reuch tae fine dependin on hou the aits is grund. Ait cakes kin be a wee chawy or solid, dependin on the watter content an fur hou lang thay'r cuikit. Ait cakes wis tradeetionally etten wi ilka meal as a muckle soorce o carbohydrate in the diet. Fae the 19t yearhunner onward, thay wur commonly sert tae accompany broths, meat, an fish dishes. Thay'r affen eten as an alternative tae breid or toast at brakfast thir days.
Ireland
Scots-style ait cakes is forby cuikit in Ireland.
Ahmad Shah Durrani
Ahmad Shāh Durrānī (c. 1722 – 16 October 1772) (Pashto: احمد شاه دراني), kent as Ahmad Khān Abdālī (احمد خان ابدالي) forby, wis the foonder o the Durrani Empire an is regairdit as the foonder o the modren state o Afghanistan.
Thomas Mann
Paul Thomas Mann (6 Juin 1875 – 12 August 1955) wis a German novelist, short story writer, social creetic, filanthropist, essayist, an the 1929 Nobel Prize in Leeteratur laureate. His heichly seembolic an ironic epic novelles an novellas are noted for thair insicht intae the psychology o the airtist an the intellectual.
Subirats
Subirats is a municipality in the comarca o Alt Penedès, Barcelona, Catalonie, Spain.
Handewitt
Handewitt (Hanved) is a municipality in the destrict o Schleswig-Flensburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situatit near the border wi Denmark, approx. 7 km wast o Flensburg.
Mittelangeln (Amt)
Mittelangeln is an Amt ("collective municipality") in the destrict o Schleswig-Flensburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The seat o the Amt is in Satrup, pairt o the municipality Mittelangeln. Afore 1 Januar 2008, when the municipality Sörup jyned, the Amt wis namit Satrup.
The Amt Mittelangeln consists o the follaein municipalities:
26 Januar
The 26t o Januar is the 26t day o the year in the Gregorian Calendar, wi 339 days ti come (340 in lowp years).
Santa Fé de Minas
Santa Fé de Minas is a Brazilian municipality locatit in the north o the state o Minas Gerais. In 2007 the population wis 4,034 in a total aurie o 2,916 km². It became a municipality in 1962.
The maist important economic activities are cattle raisin an agricultur. The GDP in 2005 wis R$ 14,352,000.00. Thare wur no bankin agencies in the toun in 2007, while thare wur 33 automobiles, ane o the lawest ratios in the state. In the landwart aurie thare wur 467 establishments on a total aurie o 211,000 hectares, o which 3,500 hectares wur plantit in crops. Aroond 1,500 fowk wur wirkin in agricultur. Thare wur 44,000 heid o cattle. The main crops wur rice, beans, an corn.
In the halth sector thare wur twa halth clinics an ane hospital wi 3 beds.
Alberdi
The name Alberdi is a common Spaingie surname o Basque oreegin. It appears in:
Lviv Oblast
History
The oblast wis creatit as pairt o the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic on December 4, 1939. The territory o the umwhile Drohobych Oblast wis incorporatit intae the Lviv Oblast in 1959.
The oblast's strategic poseetion at the hert o central Europe an as the gateway tae the Carpathians haes caused it tae chynge haunds mony times ower the centuries. It wis ruled variously bi Great Moravie, Kievan Rus', Poland an bi ane o Kievan Rus' successors, the state o Galicia-Volhynie (circa 1200 tae 1340), then bi the Pols-Lithuanie Commonwalth (1340 tae 1772), the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1772 tae 1918), an Poland (1918 tae 1939), when it wis pairt o the Lwów Voivodship o the Seicont Republic o Poland. The region's historically dominant Ukrainian population declared the aurie tae be a pairt o an independent Wast Ukrainian Naitional Republic in 1918, but this endured anerlie briefly. Local autonomy wis providit in internaitional treaties but later on those wur no honoured bi the Pols govrenment an the aurie experienced hintle ethnic tension atween the Pols an Ukrainian population.
The region an its caipital ceety tak thair name frae the time o Galicie-Volhynie, when Daniel o Galicie, the Keeng o Rus' foondit Lviv, namin the ceety efter his son, Leo. Durin this time, the general region aroond Lviv wis kent as Red Ruthenie (Cherven' Rus').
The region anerlie became pairt o the Soviet Union unner the terms o the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact in 1939, when it wis annexed tae the Ukrainian SSR. It wis occupeed bi Nazi Germany frae 1941 tae 1944 an remained in Soviet haunds efter Warld War II as wis arranged durin the Teheran an Yalta conferences. Gien its historical development, Lviv Oblast is ane o the least Roushifeed an Sovietized pairts o Ukraine, wi hintle o its Habsburg heritage still visible the day.
Geography
The terrain o Lviv Oblast is heichly varied. The soothren pairt is occupeed bi the law Beskyd (ukr: Бескиди) muntain chains runnin parallel tae ilk ither frae northwast tae sootheast an covered wi seicontary coniferous forests as pairt o the Eastren Carpathians; the heichest pynt is Pikuy (1408 m). North frae thare are the wide upper Dniester river valley an hintle smawer upper San River valley. Thir rivers hae flat bottoms covered wi alluvial deposits, an are susceptible tae fluids. Atween thir valleys an Beskyd lees the Precarpathian upland covered wi deciduous forests, wi well-kent mineral spa resorts (see Truskavets, Morshyn). It's an aa the aurie o ane o the earliest industrial petroleum an gas extraction. Thir deposits are aw but depletit bi nou.
In the central pairt o the region lie Roztocze, Opillia, an pairt o the Podolie uplands. Rich sulphur deposits wur mined here durin the Soviet era. Roztocze is densely forestit, while Opillia an Podolia (bein covered wi loess on which fertile soils develop) are densely populatit an maistly covered bi arable land. In the central-north pairt o the region lies the Sma Polesia lawland, geographically isolatit frae the rest o Polesie but wi seemilar terrain an landscapes (flat plains wi sandy fluvioglacial deposits an pine forests). The far North o the region lies on the Volhynia upland, which is an aa covered wi loess; coal is mined in this aurie.
Climate
The climate o Lviv Oblast is moderately ceul an humid. The average Januar temperaturs range frae −7 °C (19 °F) in the Carpathie Muntains tae −3 °C (27 °F) in the Dniester an San River valleys while in Julie the average temperaturs are frae 14–15 °C (57–59 °F) in the Carpathians tae 16–17 °C (61–63 °F) in Roztocze an 19 °C (66 °F) in the lawer pairt o the Dniester valley. The average annual precipitation is 600–650 mm (23.62–25.59 in) in the lawlands, 650–750 mm (25.59–29.53 in) in the heichlands an up tae 1,000 mm (39.37 in) in the Carpathians, wi the majority o precipitation occurrin in simmer. Prolanged drochts are uncommon, while strang rainfaws can cause fluids in river valleys. Severe winds durin storms can an aa cause damage, especially in the heichlands. The climate is favourable for the cultivation o sugar beets, winter wheat, flax, rye, cabbitch, aiples, an for dairy fermin. It is still too cauld tae successfully cultivate maize, sunflouer, grapes, melon, watermelon or peaches in Lviv Oblast. In the Carpathians conditions are favourable for Alpine skiin 3–4 month a year.
Releegion
Fifty-sax percent o the releegious organisations active in the Lviv Oblast adhere tae the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Kirk. The Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Kirk is the seicont lairgest releegious body. The follaers o the Roman Catholic Kirk an the Ukrainian Orthodox Kirk (Moscow Patriairchate) are maistly frae the Pols, an Roushie or non-Galician Ukrainian minorities respectively.
Historical an cultural steids
The ceety o Lviv contains a well-preserved main square (Rynok) an numerous historical an bonnie kirks. Ither steids o interest are the historic Lychakivskiy Cemetery, the local museum o folklore, an the ruins o the famous Vysokyi Zamok. The name o the castle is tichtly teed wi the name o the ceety. Thare is an aa a museum o military airtifacts, the "Arsenal".
Well-preserved local widden kirks, castles, an monasteries can be foond throughoot the Oblast. Ane o them is the Olesko Castle which is first remembered in 1327. Anither castle that wis biggit at the end o the 15t century is Svirzh Castle in the veelage o Svirzh, Peremeshliany Raion. Ane mair an nae less famous castle is the Pidhirtsi Castle. Its airchitectural complex consists o the three-story palace, Kostel, an sma pairk. In Roztochia is an aa locatit the Krekhivsky monastery in the buch-pine grove at the fuit o the Pobiyna moont. The whole complex consists o the Saunt Nikola Kirk, the bell touer, numerous service structurs, an defensive waws wi touers. Anither steid worth o mentionin is the Tustan ceety-fortress which is biggit in the rock. The steid wis nominatit as the historical an as the naitural wonder o Ukraine. Thare an aw a natur complex in the valley o the Kamianka river in Skoliv Raion. Anither naitural wander o the region is the Kamin-Veleten (Rock-Giant in Inglis) which is locatit near ceety o Pidkamin in Brodivskyi Raion. The name o the local ceety means Under the Rock. A local museum o Ukrainian airt an an institution o heicher learnin (Ivan Franko State Varsity) are an aa present.
Barada
The Barada (بردى, Chrysorrhoas) is the main river o Damascus, the caipital ceety o Sirie. It flows throu the spring o `Ayn Fijah (عين فيجة), aboot 27 km north wast o Damascus in the Anti-Lebanon Muntains, but its source is Lake Barada, locatit at aboot 8 km frae Zabadani. The Barada descends through a steep, narrow gorge namit "Rabwe" afore it arrives at Damascus, whaur it divides intae seiven branches that irrigate the oasis o Ghouta (الغوطة). The 'Barada' name is thocht tae derive frae 'barid', i.e. 'cauld'. The auncient Greek name means 'gowden stream'.
Throughoot the arid plateau region east o Damascus, oases, streams, an a few interior rivers that empty intae swamps an sma lakes provide watter for local irrigation. Maist important o thir is the Barada, a river that rises in the Anti-Lebanon Muntains an disappears intae the desert. The Barada creates the Al Ghutah Oasis, steid o Damascus. This verdant aurie, some 370 square kilometers, haes enabled Damascus tae prosper syne auncient times. Frae the mid-1980s onwards, the size o Al Ghutah wis gradually bein erodit as suburban hoosin an licht industry frae Damascus encroached on the oasis.
The river haes suffered frae severe drocht in the last decades, mainly due tae the lawer rainfaw rates an the lairge increase in the population in the region. It an aw suffers frae serious pollution problems, especially in the simmer, whaur thare is amaist nae flow an little watter in the basin.
Biblical mention
Barada is identifeed as Abana (or Amanah, classical Chrysorrhoas) which is the mair important o the twa rivers o Damascus an wis mentioned in the Beuk o Keengs (2 Keengs 5:12). As the Barada rises in the Anti-Lebanon Muntains, an escapes frae the muntains throu a narrae gorge, its waters spread oot fan-lik, in canals or rivers, the name o ane o which, the Banias river, retains a trace o Abana.
John MacGregor, who gies an interestin description o them in his beuk Rob Roy on the Jordan, affirmit that as a work of hydraulic engineering, the seestem an construction o the canals, bi which the Abana an Pharpar war uised for irrigation, might be considered as ane o the maist complete an extensive in the warld. In the Bible, Naaman exclaims that the Abana an Pharpar are greater than aw the waters of Israel.
Phobia
A phobia is a teep o anxiety disorder, defined bi a persistent fear o an object or situation.
Spratly Islands
The Spratly Islands are a group o mair nor 750 reefs, islets, atolls, cays an islands in the Sooth Cheenae Sea. The archipelago lies aff the coasts o the Philippines an Malaysie (Sabah), aboot ane third o the wa frae thare tae soothren Vietnam. Thay contain less nor fower square kilometres o land aurie spread ower mair nor 425,000 square kilometres o sea. The Spratlys are ane o three archipelagos o the Sooth Cheenae Sea which comprise mair nor 30,000 islands an reefs an which complicate govrenance an economics in that region o Sootheast Asie. Such sma an remote islands hae little economic value in thairsels, but are important in establishin internaitional bundaries. Thare are nae native islanders but thare are, at least for nou, rich fishin grunds; an ineetial surveys indicate the islands mey contain signeeficant reserves o ile an naitural gas.
Gallery
<Gallery> File:Cây phong ba.JPG|An auncient Heliotropium foertherianum on Spratly Island File:Truong Sa lon.JPG|Spruatly Island File:Truong Sa Đông.JPG|Militar cemetery on Central London Reef File:Đảo An Bang.JPG|View frae Amboyna Cay File:Đảo Phan Vinh.JPG|The dock on Pearson Reef </Gallery>
Ane Satyre of the Thrie Estaitis
Ane Pleastant Satyre of the Thrie Estaitis is a sateirical morality play wrate by Scots makar David Lyndsay an first pit on i 1552 i Lithgae, though no prentit until 1602. Ane o the Satyre's disteinguishin features is is haein faircical comic, awmaist slapstick, interludes, that micht no hae been pairt o the oreiginal wark. The Satyre is the auldest survivin play i Scots, an is the ainlie survivn Scots play frae the Medieval period.
The Satyre is an attack on the Thrie Esaitis o the auld Scots Pairlament - the kirkmen, the lords and the burgesses. Thir curns is representit by the chairacters o Spiritualitie, Temporalitie an Merchand o thir, the kirkmen gets dinged the hairdest by Lindsay's pen. Wrate no lang afore the Reformation i Scotland, the wark gies a guid pictur o the social tensions that wis present at this important pynt i Scots history.
Dramatis personae
I Pairt Ane o the play, there's twanty-seiven chairacters, an seiven mair is eikit i Pairt Twa.
The central chairacter is King Humanitie, an is influencit by twa curns o chairacters. The guid chairacters is Divyne Correctioun, Gude Counsall an Chastitie, an the bad yins is Dame Sensualitie, an the thrie vices, Faltterie, Falset an Dissait.
Pairt Ane
Set i Scotland i the 16t century, a learnit doctor cried Dilegence gies a sermon on Christian doctrine. The heidmaist chairacter, ung King Humanitie, syne kythes an gangs agley unner the influence o Dame Sensualitie an the Vices. His counsellors gar him tak a mistress, that sets aff his tynin o Christian morals. Syne he is begowkit by the thrie vices, that hae guisit thaimsels as Devotioun, Discretioun an (efter a hilarious fankle whaur Falset forleits his fauss-name an accidentally cries hissel "Thin Drink") Sapience.
The Vices tak control o the court, haein Gude Counsel incarcerate an stairtin tae control the King hissel. The King forleits his Christian vitrues an canna rule richt onie mair - aw the while the Vices tak mair an mair control, sendin Charitie an Veritie tae the jougs. They dae awa wi Chastitie an aw, leavin her hameless, an seimbolically no taen in by Spiritualitie, Temporalitie or the common fowk. Efter Chastitie is finally bein pit i the jyle hersel, Divine Correctioun taks tae the stage - the Vices ken their time is up, an tak the gate afore their caught, takkin the king's traisure kist wi thaim. Divine Correctioun lowses Gude Counsel, Chastitie an Veritie, an redes the king tae caw a pairlament, breingin an end tae Pairt Ane.
Pairt Twa
Diligence apens the pairliament an the King, Correctioun an the Virtews come ben. John Commonweal (representin the common guid o the kintra) taks speech i haun an tells o the failins o thrie estaites. The Merchand an Temporalitie get serred, an their estaites want reform, an tho Spiritualie (the kirkmen) tries tae fecht back, the chairges brocht agin him is ower monie an the kirkmen gies in. The Thrie Vices is incarcerate, deemit an execute, but no afore ilk ane o thaim haes the chance tae gie a wee speech. Syne Diligence closes the play, redin awbodie tae gang their gate an live weil, afore concludin:
Modren times
Efter no bein playit for awmaist fower hunner year, the Satyre wis revivit for the Edinburgh Festival i 1948, direcrit by Tyrone Guthrie, wi the text bein editit an prepared for an actin edition by Robert Kemp.
I the 1980s by the Scottish Theatre Company, direcit by Tam Fleming playit at the Kirk o Scotland's heidquarters on the Mound for the Festival, an toured Europe an aw, winnin the Roman Szydlowski Prize i Warsaw, 1986. The rinnin time for this production, maugre o cuts tae the text, wis aroun fower an a hauf hour.
I 1996, John McGrath adaptit it a mair contemporary morality play A Satire of the Four Estates, that wis presentit by Wildcat Theatre Company as the pairt o the Edinburgh Festival.
Olga Tañón
Olga Tañón (born 13 Apryle 1967), is a Puerto Rican recordin airtist. Ower the course o her career, she haes earned twa Grammy Awards, three Latin Grammy Awards, an 30 Premios Lo Nuestro Awards.
Early life an career beginnins
Tañón (birth name: Olga Teresa Tañón Ortíz ) is the youngest of four childer born Tae José Tañón and Carmen Gloria Ortíz in Santurce, Puerto Rico. She was raised in Levittown, Toa Baja, Puerto Rico, where she received her primary and secondary education.
Tañón's singin career began when she joined a group cried "Las Nenas de Ringo y Jossie" (Ringo and Jossie's Girls) in the 1980s. A short time later a very popular group in Puerto Rico cried "Chantelle" noticed her mezzo soprano vyce an recruited her. Thay saw in her what thay needed for their merengue style of muisic. When Tañón wis a member of Chantelle, they scored thair biggest hit, "Aunque Tú no Quieras" (Even If You Don't Want It). The song is popular in Latin America.
1990s
In 1992, Tañón signed a contract wi the WEA Latina record label tae record a solo album. Her first recordit album wis titled, "Sola" (Alane). Amang the sangs in the album war, "Me Cambio por Ella" (A chynge places wi her), an "Quiero estar contigo" (A Want Tae Be Wi You). In 1993, she recordit her seicont album for WEA Latina, "Mujer de Fuego" (Wumman o Fire). Tañón debuted as a componer wi the sang, "Presencié tu Amor" (A Witnessed Your Luve) an aw. The same year, Tañón receivit three Lo Nuestro Awards nominations in the Tropical/Salsa field: Album o the Year (Sola), Female Artist an New Artist.
In 1994, Tañón earned her first dooble platinum record an in 1995, she earned three mair platinum records wi her album, "Siente el Amor" (Feel the Luve). This album includit anither o her compositions an aw, "Unicornio" (Unicorn), which wis written tae the rhythm o Salsa an includit the Unforgettable Merengue sang, "Es Mentiroso" (He's a Liar) an aw. Tañón haed gained fame an recognition throuoot Laitin Americae.
Alabama
Alabama is a state in the sootheastren region o the Unitit States. It is mairchit bi Tennessee tae the north, Georgie tae the east, Florida an the Gulf o Mexico tae the sooth, an Mississippi tae the wast. Alabama is the 30t lairgest bi area an the 24t-maist populous o the U.S. states. Wi a tot o 1500 mi o inland watterweys, Alabama haes amang the maist o ony state. Alabama is nicknamed the Yellowhammer State, efter the state bird. Alabama is cried the "Hert o Dixie" an the "Cotton State" an aa. The state tree is the langleaf pine, an the state flouer is the camellia. Alabama's caipital is Montgomery. The lairgest city bi population is Birmingham, that haes lang been the maist industrialised city; the lairgest city bi laund area is Huntsville. The auldest city is Mobile, foondit bi French colonists in 1702 as the caipital o French Louisiana.