cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Italic leids
History o the concept
This unitary theory haes been criticized bi, amang ithers, Alois Walde, Vittore Pisani an Giacomo Devoto, thit pit forrit thit the Laitino-Faliscan an Osco-Umbrian leids made up twa sindry brainch o Indo-European. This view got acceptit in the seicont hauf o the 20t yearhunner, tho pronents sic as Rix wad ding doun the ideae later on, an the unitary theory steys dominant in contemporary scholarship.
Classification
The follaein classification, pit forrit bi Michiel de Vaan (2008), is maistly greed on, Awtho some scholars hiv rejectit Venetic bein wi-in the Italic brainch..
Proto-Italic period
Proto-Italic wis probably uised first bi Italic tribes north o the Alps. In parteecular, early contacts wi Celtic an Germanic uisers ur pit forrit bi linguistic evidence.
Bakkum pits Proto-Italic as a "chronological stage" wioot an independent development o its ain, but stendin ower late Proto-Indo-European an the first stages o Proto-Laitin an Proto-Sabellic. Meiser's dates, 4000 BC to 1800 BC, weel afore Mycenaean Greek, are descrieved bi him, "as guid a guess as anyone's". Schrijver argies for a Proto-Italo-Celtic stage, thit he suiggests wis "aroond the first hauf or middle o the 2nt millenium BC", whaur Celtic spleet first, than Venetic, afore the lave, Italic, spleet intae Laitino-Faliscan an Sabellian.
Italic fowk likely muived taewarts the Italian Peninsula aboot the seicont hauf o the 2nd millennium BC, peice an peice muivin tae the sooth pairts. Awtho an equation atweesh archeological an linguistic evidence cannae be pinned doun certain, the Proto-Italic leid is generally associatit wi the Terramare (1700–1150 BC) an Proto-Villanovan culture (1200–900 BC).
Leids in Italy in the Iron Age
At the stairt o the Iron Age, aboot 700 BC, Ionian Greek settlers frae Euboea pit up colonies alang the coast o sooth Italy. Thay broucht the alphabet ai thaim, thit thay haed lairned frae the Phoenicians; tae be mair specific, whit we nou caw the Wast Greek alphabet. The invention spreid swift oothrou the hale peninsula, across langage an poleetical mairches. Local adaptatins (maistly wee letter shape chynges as weel as drappin or eikin twa three letter) gied ower twa three Old Italic alphabets.
The scrievins shaw thit, bi 700 BC, mony leids war uised in the region, includin memmber o twa three Indo-European breanch an twa three leids thit arenae Indo-European. The maist kenspeckle oot o the leids ootwi Indo-European wis Etruscan, attesttit bi evidence taen fae mair nor 10,000 scrievins an some short texts. Nae relation haes bin fund atweesh Etruscan an ony ither kent leid, an thare still isnae a clue aboot whaur it came fae (forby scrievins fae the island o Lemnos in the east Mediterranean). Ither possibly non-Indo-European leids aboot at the time were Rhaetian in the Alpine region, Ligurian arboot whaur Genoa is the nou, an some no kent leid(s) in Sardinia. Thae leids hiv left some detectable imprint in Laitin.
Sakis Rouvas
Anastasios "Sakis" Rouvas II (Greek: Αναστάσιος "Σάκης" Ρουβάς, ; 5 Januar 1972), aften referred tae mononymously as Sakis, is a Greek recordin airtist, film an telly airtist, entertainer, businessman, an umwhile pole vaulter who is the maist commercially successfu entertainer o aw time in Greece an Cyprus an ane o the maist influential an aw. Born in Corfu, he began his career as a member o the naitional athletics team in the 1980s, whaur he wan naitional medals, an then commencit a muisical career in 1991, acomin ane of Greece's first pop performers an popularizin several wastren muisic genres an trends. Ruitit in pop an rock muisic amang a wide array o styles adorned wi pouerful tenor vocals, he incorporatit complex choreografie, costumes, an technological advancements an haes been creditit for transformin muisic videos an live performance intae a airt form. Widely recognisit as the genres' primar representative tae this day, Rouvas is renouned for retainin a staundart o autonomie frae domestic styles an conventions an gainin unprecedentit success for a nan-laïko or éntekhno airtist an for breakin cultural, social, airtistic, an generational barriers in Greece an Cyprus.
Italic leids
Leids in Italy in the Iron Age
It hes bin pit forrit thit the Lusitanian leid haed mibbie belanged tae the Italic faimlie an aw.
Sakis Rouvas
In the early 1990s, efter signin wi PolyGram Records an winnin the Thessaloniki Song Festival, Rouvas became a dominant figur in Greek entertainment; initially emergin as a teen idol, he gained a mass fanbase an circa 1994 his appearances provokit mass hysteria aften dubbed Rouvomania, leadin tae him bein citit as a unique phenomenon in the Hellenic industrie. He quickly gained a reputation as a live performer an breuk several attendance records. Regardit as a sex symbol, Rouvas' uninhibitit performance style, coupled wi continuously pushing the boundaries of socially acceptable content wi his image an airt led tae him becomin a lichtnin rod for sociopolitical an releegious controversy. Despite releasin five commercially successfu albums, this wis furthered bi his heichly-publicisit personal struggles, includin his time in his militar service an 1997 Greek-Turkis peace concert, which damagit his public image an led tae a relatively unsuccessful period an hiatus. Rouvas signed wi Minos EMI in 1997 an returned tae the tap o muisic wi albums lik Kati Apo Mena (1998) an 21os Akatallilos (2000) which further broadened his airtistic horizons an pavit the wey for creetical acclaim intae the 21st century efter haein lang-struggled wi his image owershadaein his airtistrie. He continually gained tichter control ower his muisic an image, eventually leadin tae the end o his famed 14-year collaboration wi manager Ilias Psinakis. Rouvas became ane o the few Greek entertainers tae gain a degree of recognition abroad; haein attained notability within the Balkans syne the 1990s, Rouvas embarkit on multiple projects abroad, chairtin in a few territories, an bein involvit in the Eurovision Song Contest on three occasions. Bi the 2010s, Rouvas haed reached the hicht of his career an gained entrepreneurial control while he expanded his empire tae film, televeesion, theatre, an fashion, haein achieved creetical an commercial success in maist. His single "Shake It" remains the best-sellin staundart single o aw time in Greece, while sangs an videos sic as "1992", "Aima, Dakrya & Idrotas", "Ela Mou", "Xana", "Tora Arhizoun Ta Dyskola", "Den Ehei Sidera I Kardia Sou", "Ypirhes Panta", "Antexa", "Se Thelo San Trelos", an "+ Se Thelo hae toppit the chairts an hae become amang the maist iconic sangs in popular Greek muisic.
Italic leids
Laitin Timeline
In the history o Laitin in auncient times, thare are twa three period:
Sakis Rouvas
Aften citit as the maist attractive man in entertainment, a title for which he has receivit hivy attention, Rouvas haes attained a record nummer o endorsement deals an is the maist popular Greek celebrity on combined social media. Syne 2003, he haes been in a relationship that haes attractit widespread media attention wi model Katia Zygouli, wi whom he haes three childer. Apairt frae his entertainment career, Rouvas is heichlie involvit in social issues an haes receivit praise for his dedication tae several several filanthropic organisations, namely as the ambassador o the ELPIDA foundation.
Italic leids
Laitin Timeline
As the Roman Republic stendit its political dominion ower aw the Italian peninsula, Laitin went dominant ower the ither Italic leids, thit stappit bein uised, aiblins sometime in the 1st yearhunner AD. Frae Vulgar Laitin, the Romance leids kythed.
Sakis Rouvas
Rouvas' influence went ayont the airts as he became nationalisit intae a cultural icon. Amangst his ither achievements, he is Greece's maist awairdit entertainer, includin sax Arion Music Awards, 15 Pop Corn Music Awards, 17 MAD Video Music Awards —baith mair nor ony ither male airtist—, fower Status Men of the Year Awards, an MTV Europe Music Award, an a World Music Award; several nummer-ane albums an singles that hae aw achievit certifications o gowd or heicher; an sales o an estimatit twa million albums as o 2008, makkin him ane o Greece's best-sellin muisic airtists in history. Aften polarisit bi critics, Rouvas is acknawledgit for his widespread appeal, career langevity, an for retainin a staundart o autonomie athin the industrie. Rouvas' distinct muisical, vocal, fashion, an performance style haes influencit several ither airtists, while his contributions tae muisic hae made him a prominent pairt o popular cultur for ower twa decades. In 2009, Down Town namit him "Entertainer of the Decade", while in 2010 Forbes leetit him as the third maist pouerful an influential celebrity in Greece an tap rankit sangster.
Easins
The easins (frae Greek orizein, tae leemit) is the line that spleets the yird frae the lift. But at mony airts the true easins canna be seen as thare are trees, biggins, muntains an sae furth. The line is than cried the veesible easins.
Sakis Rouvas
Discografie
Studio albums
Live albums
Notes
Ειδήσεις http://www.rodacino.gr/article.jsf?id=4B927664EBD387D470383F4FD38B5649&at=1Ο Σάκης και η Αναστασία του!
Zliten
Zliten (زليتن Zlītan) is a toun in the Misrata Destrict o Libie. It is locatit on the soothren coast o the Mediterranean Sea wast o the Gulf o Sidra. It wis the caipital o the umwhile Zlitan Destrict.
Nuclear Death
Nuclear Death (Scots: Nuclear Deith) wis a daith metal baund formed in 1986 in Phoenix, Arizona. Thay wis ane o the twa-three bands in the genre wi a female sangster, Lori Bravo.
Zliten
Location
The name Zliten is gien tae baith the toun an the whole aurie. As a toun, Zliten is situatit 160 km east o the caipital, Tripoli, an aboot 35 km east o the auncient Roman ceiety o Leptis Magna. It is aboot 60 km wast o the ceety o Misrata an 40 km east o Al Khums. It haes spread ower an aurie o aboot 8 km2. The destrict o Zliten is widespread an covers an aurie o 3000 km2. It is surroondit bi the Mediterranean frae the north, Misrata frae the east, Bani Walid frae the sooth an Khoms frae the wast.
Nuclear Death
Thair style wis compared tae baunds like Impetigo, Blasphemy, Autopsy, Deceased, an Repulsion.
Zliten
History an cultur
Thare are mony auncient Roman steids in Zliten, such as the Villa o Omira ('Darbuk Omira' ), an the Castle in Al-Jumaa. The toun an aw contains the Mausoleum an Mosque o Sidi Abd As-Salam Al-Asmar, a revered Islamic saunt who livit an dee'd in Zliten durin the 15t century. Thare is some fine Arabic calligraphy in saundstane on tap o the ooter pillars o the biggin sayin al-mulk-'illah ("Iverything tae Allah"). The toun is famous for its olives, palm trees an citrus fruits alang bonnie coastal shores. The Slat Abn Shaif Synagogue (בית הכנסת צלאת בן שאיף) in Zliten is a historic synagogue an Lag Ba'omer pilgrimage steid for Libie Jews. It is ower 900 year auld.
Italic leids
Laitin Timeline
The Litin leid spreid ayont Rome piece an peice, alang wi the growth o the pouer o this state, jeein, stairtin in the 4t an 3rd yearhunners BC, the leids bi ither Italic tribes, alang wi Illyrian, Messapian an Venetic, etc. The Romanisation o the Italian Peninsula wis basicaly duin bi the 1st century BC; forby the sooth o Italy an Sicily, whaur the dominance fae Greek wis kept. The attribution o Ligurian is controversial.
San Benedetto Val di Sambro
San Benedetto Val di Sambro is a comune (municipality) in the Province o Bologna in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, locatit aboot 35 km soothwast o Bologna.
Italic leids
Origin theories
The main flyte concernin the origin o the Italic leids is sib tae the Greek leids' origins, forby the fact thit thaere isnae ony record o ony "early Italic" to play the role o Mycenaean Greek.
Aw thit is kent the nou aboot the linguistic landscape o Italy is frae scrievins pit thegither efter the introduction o the alphabet in the peninsula, in aboot 700 BC efterwids, an frae Greek an Roman scrievers twa three yearhunner later. The auldest kent saumples come frae Umbrian an Faliscan scrievins from the 7th century BC. Thair alphabets clearly came frae the Etruscan alphabet, thit itsel came frae the Wast Greek alphabet no much earlier. Thare isnae ony reliable information aboot the leids uised afore that time. Some claims can be haed based on toponyms, but thay cannae be verified.
Thare isnae a guarantee thit the intermediate phases atweesh thae auld Italic an Indo-European leids will be fund. Whether or no Italic stairtit ootside Italy or developed bi assimilation o Indo-European an ither elements ben Italy, aboot on or ben its current range thare, steys pit.
An extreme view o some linguists an historians is thit thare isnae sic a thing as "the Italic brainch" o Indo-European. Namely, thare wis nivver a sindry "Proto-Italic", thit's sindryness resultit in thae leids. Some linguists, sic as Silvestri an Rix, argie faurer thit a common Proto-Italic cannae be reconstructit sic thit:
Thae linguists insteid pit forrit thit the ancestors o the 1st millennium Indo-European leids o Italy war twa or mair different leid, thit descendit separate frae Indo-European in a mair remote past, an got intae Europe separate, possibly bi different routes an/or in different epochs. That view stems pairtly frae the difficulty in pyntin oot a common Italic hameland in prehistory, or reconstructin an ancestral "Common Italic" or "Proto-Italic" leid thit thae leids coud hiv descendit frae. Some common featurs thit seem tae connect the leids thegither micht juist be a sprachbund phenomenon – a linguistic git-thegither due tae contact over a long period, as in the maust uised accepit version o the Italo-Celtic hypothesis. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template " style="white-space:nowrap;">]
Nuclear Death
Biography
In 1991, the baund set furth thair mair controversial wark, caaed Carrion for Worm, an it haes a lot o sangs thocht tae be in bad taste, siclike as "The Human Seed", "Lurker in the Closet: A 'Fairy' Tale", an "Greenflies". Carrion for Worm featured vocals bi Chris Reifert, sangster frae kenspeckle daith metal baund Autopsy, on twa sangs, "Cathedral of Sleep" an "Vampirism".
On May 23, 1992, Nuclear Death played a notorious concert in Puerto Rico, wi label pairtners Impetigo. Later that year thay set furth For Our Dead (Scots: For Oor Deid), a fower-track single that haes a rerecordit version o 1987's "The Third Antichrist" frae Welcome to the Minds of the Morbid.
Italic leids
Phonology
The maist sindry featur o the Italic leids is the development o the PIE vyced aspiratit staps. In stairtin poseetion, *bʰ-, *dʰ- an *gʷʰ- pit thegither wiu /f-/, while *gʰ- turns intae /h-/, awtho Laitin haes *gʰ- > /v-/ an /g-/ an aw, in special environs.
In medial poseetion, aw vyced aspiratit staps hiv a sindry reflex in Laitin, wi different oootcomes for -*gʰ- an *gʷʰ- gin pit efter a nasal. In Osco-Umbrian, thay generally hiv the same reflexes like in stairtin position, awtho Umbrian kythes a special development gin follaein a nasal, juist as in Laitin. Maist likely, the vyced aspiratit staps went throu an intermediate stage *-β-, *-ð-, *-ɣ- an *-ɣʷ- in Proto-Italic. The vyceless an plain vyced staps (*p, *t, *k, *kʷ; *b, *d, *g, *gʷ) steyed unchynged in Laitin, forby the minor shift o *gʷ > /v/. In Osco-Umbrian, the labiovelars *kʷ an *gʷ turnt intae the labial staps /p/ an /b/, e.g. Oscan pis 'wha?' (cf. Laitin quis) an bivus 'alive (nom.pl.)' (cf. Laitin vivus).
Grammar
In grammar thare are basically three innovations skaret bi the Osco-Umbrian an the Latino-Faliscan leids:
Lexical comparison
Amang the Indo-European leids, the Italic leids aw hiv a heicherer percentage o lexicon wi the Celtic an the Germanic yins, three oot the fower tradeetional "centum" brainches o Indo-European (together with Greek).
The follaein table kythes a lexical comparison o twa-three Italic leids: The asterisk is tae say thit reconstructit forms based on indirect linguistic evidence an no forms attestit direct in ony scrievin. Frae the Proto-Indo-European pynt o view, the Italic leids are fairly conservative. In phonology, the Italic leids are centum leids bi pittin thegither the palatals wi the velars (Latin centum has a /k/) but haudin ontae the combined group separate frae the labio-velars. In morphology, the Italic leids haud ontae sax cases in the noon an the adjective (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative, vocative) wi traces o a sevent (locative), but the dual o baith the noon an the verb haes halely disappeared. Frae the poseetion o baith morphological innovations an uniquely skaret lexical eetems, Italic kythes the maist muckle seemilarities wi Celtic an Germanic, wi some o the skaret lexical correspondences bein fund in Baltic an Slavic an aw.
P-Italic an Q-Italic leids
Sib tae the Celtic leids, the Italic leids are spleet into P- an Q-brainches an aw, dependin on the reflex o Proto-Indo-European *kʷ. In the leids o the Osco-Umbrian brainch, *kʷ gave p, whereas the leids fae the Latino-Faliscan brainch kept it (Latin qu ).
Fremmit airtins
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Amatitlán
Amatitlán is a toun in the Guatemala depairtment o Guatemala. The main industrie o the toun durin colonial times wis the preparation o cochineal. Nouadays, it haes the lairgest duty-free zone in Guatemala, an a lot o maquila (garment assembly) factories, employin thoosans o fowk, mainly weemen.
The toun lees bi the side o Loch Amatitlán an it is a popular place for the middle class frae Guatemala Ceety tae visit on weekends. Typical Guatemalan candy is uisually bocht bi visitors.
Katy Garbi
Katerina 'Katy' Garbi (Κατερίνα "Καίτη" Γαρμπή, ; born 8 Juin 1961, in Egaleo, Athens) is a Greek sangster active in Greece an Cyprus, wi some popularity in Turkey. Her career haes spanned ower 20 years an is markit bi several multi-platinum releases. Garbi pairticipatit in the Eurovision Song Contest 1993 for Greece wi the sang "Ellada, Hora Tou Fotos", taking nint place. She cementit her popularity in the mid-1990s and wis ane o the maist successful airtists o the decade wi her albums Arhizo Polemo (1996) an Evaisthisies (1997) becomin twa o the best-sellin albums o the decade. She struck her biggest commercial success wi To Kati (2000) in terms o unit sales. Garbi haes wan 11 Pop Corn Music Awards, includin three for Album of the Year, an ane Arion Music Award. On 14 Mairch 2010, Alpha TV rankit her the aicht top-certifee'd female airtist in the naition's phonografic era (syne 1960).
Early life
Garbi began her singin career wi her younger sister, Liana, as the "Garbi Sisters" when she wis just 15 year auld an Liana 13. Due tae their age, their faither wis against their wirk as sangsters, but he did no want tae staund in the wey o the promisin futur that he felt their talent affered thaim. They are maist remembered for the backup vocals they providit at Yannis Floriniotis's performances in the early aichties.
Personal life
Garbi an fellae Greek sangster Dionisis Schinas datit for a lenthy period durin the early '90s, includin 1993 when Garbi pairticipatit in a duet wi him. Rumors began tae surface that the duet put thaim in something a lot deeper than a normal business collaboration, housomeivver in the comin months, they wur tae tak separate paths an continue on wi their solo careers. In the time efter they baith wur seein ither fowk, Dionisis wis seen various times wi Greek sangster Elli Kokkinou who wis enterin intae the muisic industrie. They suin breuk up an on 4 Mey 1997, (after a live wedding proposal) Garbi marriet sangster Dionisis Schinas an on 11 November 1999, the couple haed their first bairn thegither, a baby boy.
Filanthropie
Garbi haes been involvit in mony fund-raisin acts for Greece, hauldin numerous concerts for hameless childer, the "Erithros Stavros" o Greece an sick childer o Athens hospital. She held mony concerts for internaitional kintras for the Red Cross in mony kintras. She haes contributit tae Live Aid concerts alang wi ither well-kent Greek sangsters for numerous causes. This haes addit tae her popularity. Recently she haes devotit a concert tae the fire victims o Greece (2007), whaur aw the money wad be uised as charity for the victims.
Värska Pairish
Värska Pairish (Värska vald) is a landwart municipality o Estonie, in Põlva Coonty. It haes a population o 1,344 (as o 1 Januar 2009) an a aurie o 187.82 km².
Dounsets
Värska Koidula - Kolodavitsa - Kolossova - Korela - Kostkova - Kremessova - Kundruse - Litvina - Lobotka - Lutepää - Määsovitsa - Matsuri - Nedsaja - Õrsava - Pattina - Perdaku - Podmotsa - Popovitsa - Rääptsova - Saabolda - Saatse - Samarina - Säpina - Sesniki - Tonja - Treski - Ulitina - Vaartsi - Väike-Rõsna - Vedernika - Velna - Verhulitsa - Võpolsova - Voropi
Aizac
Aizac is a town and commune of the Ardèche département, in the southern part of France.
Mykolaiv Oblast
Mykolaiv Oblast (Миколаївська область, translit. Mykolayivs’ka oblast’; referred tae as Mykolayivschyna - Миколаївщина) an aw, is an oblast (province) o Ukraine. The admeenistrative center o the oblast is the ceety o Mykolayiv.
Geografie
The Mykolaiv Oblast is locatit in the soothren hauf o Ukraine. Its aurie (24,600 km²), comprises aboot 4.07% o the tot aurie o Ukraine.
The Mykolaiv Oblast borders upon the Odessa Oblast in the wast-soothwast, the Kirovohrad Oblast in the north, the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast in the northeast, an the Kherson Oblast on the sootheast.
On the sooth the obalst' is bordered bi the Black Sea an aw. On the shoreline, thare are several ports an the Mykolaiv Internaitional Airport.
Points o interest
The follaein historic-cultural steids wur nominatit for the Seiven Wanders o Ukraine.
Demographics
The oblast's population density is ane o the lawest in Ukraine – 52 fowk per 1 km². The oblast' is rankit 18 bi the percentage o the population o Ukraine, that the Mykolaiv Oblast contain, which is 2.6%.
Admeenistrative diveesions
The Mykolaiv Oblast wis formit in September 1937. It is subdividit intae: 19 raions (admeenistrative districts), an 5 o its ceeties are designatit as separate raions athin the oblast.
The follaein data incorporates the nummer o each type o admeenistrative diveesions o the Mykolaiv Oblast:
The local admeenistration o the oblast' is controlled bi the Mykolaiv Oblast Rada. The govrenor o the oblast' is the Mykolaiv Oblast Rada speaker, appointit bi the Preses o Ukraine.
Nomenclatur
Maist o Ukraine's oblasts are namit efter thair caipital ceeties, offeecially referred tae as "oblast centers" (обласний центр, translit. oblasnyi tsentr). The name o each oblast is a relative adjective, formit bi addin a feminine suffix tae the name o respective centre ceety: Mykolaiv is the centre o the Mykolayivs’ka oblast’ (Mykolaiv Oblast). Maist oblasts are an aw whiles referred tae in a feminine noun form, follaein the convention o traditional regional place names, endin wi the suffix "-shchyna", as is the case wi the Mykolaiv Oblast, Mykolayivschyna.
Koidula, Põlva Coonty
Koidula is a veelage in Värska Pairish, Põlva Coonty, in sootheastren Estonie, on the border wi Roushie. It's locatit few kilometeres northwast o Roushie toun Pechory. Koidula is the border crossin point o Karisilla–Pechory road (nr. 63), Tartu–Pechory an Valga–Pechory railweys. Currently anerly Tartu–Pechory line is open tae fricht traffic, Valga–Pechory is inactive. Syne 2008 a new railwey station is bein biggit in the neebourin Matsuri veelage. This enables the traffic atween Tartu–Pechory an Valga–Pechory lines athoot crossin the Russian border. It is theoretically possible tae be uised for traffic atween Saunt Petersburg Riga an aw.
Koidula haes anerly 1 inhabitant (as o 1 Januar 2011).
Andrey Arshavin
Andrey Sergeyevich Arshavin (Андре́й Серге́евич Арша́вин ; born 29 Mey 1981) is a Roushie umwhile professional fitbawer.
Maj Sjöwall
Maj Sjöwall (born 25 September, 1935 in Stockholm; deed 29 Aprile 2020) wis a Swaddish owthor an trunchman, kent for the collaborative wirk wi her husband Per Wahlöö on a series o detective novelles setten furth atween 1965 an 1975. Thegither thay scrieved ten novelles aboot the splores o Martin Beck, a polis detective in Stockholm. Thay hae screiven novelles apairt an aw.
Sjöwall mairit on Wahlöö in 1962; he deed 13 years later. Baith wis admeetit Marxists.
Umm al Kundum
Umm al Kundum is a toun in the Amman Govrenorate o north-wastren Jordan.
Vaimõisa
Vaimõisa is a veelage in Märjamaa Pairish, Rapla Coonty in wastren Estonie.
Carlo Goldoni
Carlo Osvaldo Goldoni (25 Februar 1707 – 6 February 1793) wis an Italian playwricht an librettist frae the Republic o Venice. His warks include some o Italy's maist famous an best-luved plays.
Mikhail Bakhtin
Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin (Михаи́л Миха́йлович Бахти́н, ; 17 November 1895 – 7 March 1975) wis a Roushie philosopher, leeterar creetic, semiotician an scholar wha wirked on leeterar theory, ethics, an the filosofie o leid. His writins, on a variety o subjects, inspired scholars wirkin in a nummer o different tradeetions (Marxism, semiotics, structuralism, releegious creeticism) an in disciplines as diverse as leeterar creeticism, history, filosofie, sociology, anthropology an psychology. Awtho Bakhtin wis active in the debates on aesthetics an leeteratur that teuk place in the Soviet Union in the 1920s, his distinctive poseetion did nae become weel kent till he wis rediscovered bi Roushie scholars in the 1960s.
Ajoux
Ajoux is a toun an commune o the Ardèche département, in the soothren pairt o Fraunce.
Oor (wather)
Oor (comin fae Auld Norse Ùr) is a dreich kynd o wather wi a (watter) rouk or haar an a langsome rain, thou the wird haes been uised tae descrieve cluds an aw.
Ither wey o spellin the wird Oor is Ure an Ur; the adjective heas been spelt ury, urie, Oorie, Ourie an Owrie, whilk  coud be applee'd tae a phantons, ghaists, or onie ither thing uncannie.
Juárez Cairtel
The Juárez Cairtel (Spaingie: Cártel de Juárez), kent as the Vicente Carrillo Fuentes Organisation an aw, is a Mexican drog cairtel based in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico, athort the border frae El Paso, Texas.
The Great Dictator
The Great Dictator, "the Greit Dictator" in Scots, is a pictur directit bi an starrin Charlie Chaplin. First released in 15 October, 1940, it is a satire on fascism an in parteecular Adolf Hitler an Nazism. Chaplin's pictur is kenspeckle fae this pre-Warld Weir II period (1940) for its fearless saitirisation an condemnation o Hitler an Nazism, an for its gleg shawin o the plicht o Jews in Europe. It wis Chaplin's first talkin pictur, an hauds the disteenction o bein baith his maist controversial an sonsefu pictur. Apairt fae the pictur itssel, this public confront o the maist-loued hallion o his times (Chaplin) against the maist laithed leader (Hitler) is historically unique.
Zen gairden
Ryoan-ji Temple
The stane gairden wis addit for tae provide a place for the monks tae meditate an is aften said tae hae a suithin eftercome.
Layoot
Thare haes been monie attempts tae expone the Zen gairden's layoot. Some o thir are:
It is doutfu that a Zen maister wad gree wi thae claims, houaniver.
Prince Johann Georg Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Prince Johann Georg o Mecklenburg-Schwerin (3 Mey 1629 -9 Julie 1675) wis a Prince o the Schwerin branch o the Hoose o Mecklenburg. He wis a son o Adolf Friedrich I, Duke o Mecklenburg.
Zen gairden
Layoot
A recent sugeestion bi researchers Gert van Tonder o Kyoto Varsity an Michael J. Lyons o ATR Media Information Labs is that the stanes forms the subleeminal eimage o a tree. This eimage canna be consciously perceived whan leukin at thaim; the researchers claims the subconscious mynd is able tae see a subtle association atween the stanes. Thay believe this is responsible for the suithin eftercome o the gairden.
Prince Johann Georg Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Mairiage
On 2 Februar 1675 in Wolfenbüttel, he mairit Princess Elisabeth Eleonore o Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, dochter o Anthony Ulrich, Duke o Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel an his wife Juliane o Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Norburg. Thay haed nae issue. Elisabeth Eleonore wud later mairy Bernhard I, Duke o Saxe-Meiningen.
Zen gairden
Adaptations tae laundscape design
The conceits o Zen gairden design haes been adaptit tae the makkin o a mair naturalistic plantit laundscape. This can be seen in the eimage ablo, a wee zen gairden that is a pairt o the Japanese Tea Gairden in San Francisco's Gowden Yett Pairk. Nae seen in this view is a wheen whappin boulders tae the left at the strand o the peeble bed inby bi the borderin fulyerie.
Neblina
Neblina is a hivy metal baund frae Angolae, foondit in 2001.
They released an album in 2006, Innocence Falls in Decay. In the same year, they played a number o shows in Germany, for the 2006 FIFA World Cup. In 2007, they performed at Windhoek Metal Fest in Namibie, and wur reportit tae be wirkin on a seicont album.
Thrapple
The thrapple or hause(-pipe) is the pairt o the gastrointestinal seestem atween the mooth an the painch.
Settimo
Settimo (Italian for seivent) mey refer tae several places in Italy:
Thrapple
The thrapple is lined wi muscle. This muscle pushes the baw o fuid doun intae the painch. The thrapple can contract or hove for tae allou for the passage o fuid.
Alba-la-Romaine
Alba-la-Romaine is a commune o the French département Ardèche.
Dermot Ahern
Dermot Ahern (born Februar 1955) is a politeecian in the Republic o Ireland, an a member o the Irish pairlament in Dublin, representin the pairty Fianna Fáil. He represents the Louth consteetuency in Dáil Éireann.
Edfu
Edfu (an aa spelt Idfu, or in modren French as Edfou, an kent in antiquity as Behdet) is an Egyptian ceety, locatit on the wast bank o the Nile River atween Esna an Aswan, wi a population o approximately saxty thoosan fowk. For the auncient history o the ceety, see belaw. Edfu is the steid o the Ptolemaic Temple o Horus an an auncient dounset, Tell Edfu (describit belaw). Aboot 5 km north o Edfu are remains o auncient pyramids.
Edfu Temple o Horus
The toun is kent for the major Ptolemaic temple, biggit atween 237 BCE an 57 BCE, intae the reign o Cleopatra VII. O aw the temple remains in Egyp, the Temple o Horus at Edfu is the maist completely preservit. Built frae sandstane blocks, the huge Ptolemaic temple wis constructit ower the steid o a smawer New Kinrick temple, orientit east tae wast, facin towards the river. The later structur faces north tae sooth an leaves the ruined remains o the aulder temple pylon tae be seen on the east side o the first court.
Auncient Tell Edfu
The remains o the auncient dounset o Edfu are situatit aboot 50 m tae the wast o the Ptolemaic temple  - tae the left o the oaulder temple pylon. This dounset is kent as Wetjeset-hor an the Laitin name wis Apollinopolis Magna (Auncient Greek: Apollinòpolis, Απολλινόπολις). Accordin tae Notitia Dignitatum, pairt o Legio II Traiana Fortis wis campit in Apollo superior, which wis the Roman name for the toun.
Awtho unassumin an unglamorous tae the visitin tourists, Tell Edfu is a monument that contains evidence o mair Egyptian history an is o mair airchaeological interest than the Ptolemaic temple. Awtho major pairts o the dounset shaw severe signs o erosion, cut awa or hae been exposed durin sebakh-diggin, enough is preservit tae gain information frae as far back as the Predynastic Period. The remains o the dounset (tell) provides an insicht intae the development o Edfu as a provincial toun frae the end o the Auld Kinrick till the Byzantine period. The dounset at Edfu wis the caipital o the Seicont Upper Egyp nome, an played an important role athin the region. The auldest pairt o the toun which can be datit tae the late Auld Kinrick lees on the eastren pairt o the tell, no far frae the Ptolemaic temple. Thare is evidence that the toun flourisht durin the First Intermediate Period whan it expandit extensively tae the wast. Interestingly, it is ane o few dounsets in soothren Egyp that thrivit whan it seems that the north, especially aroond the delta, wis in economic decline.
The day, the auncient moond o Tell Edfu is preservit in some auries up tae 20 m heich an contains complete airchaeological sequences o occupation datin tae the Auld Kinrick till the Graeco-Roman period, mair nor 3000 years o history, tharefore providin ideal condeetions tae study the development o a provincial toun. A central pairt o the steid wis splorit bi Henri Henne frae the Institute for Egyptology in Lille in 1921 an 1922. His team identifeed the remains o a sma sanctuar frae the Late or Ptolemaic period, possibly the Osiris chapel biggit bi Psamtek I. Henne wis follaeed bi Octave Guéraud in 1928 then bi Maurice Alliot in 1931 who each splorit an excavatit different aspects o the dounset remains. The tap layers o the dounset containin the Byzantine, Roman an Ptolemaic remains an the Auld an Middle Kinrick cemetery at the soothren wastren corner wur recordit bi a Franco-Pols mission in 1937-39, directit bi B. Bruyère, J. Manteuffel an Kazimierz Michałowski, an three elaborate reports on the airchaeologie o Tell Edfu wur publisht.
Unfortunately, syne the mid 1939's nae new detailed discoveries or thorou research haes been completit at the tell except for recent wirk done bi Barry Kemp, frae the Varsity o Cambridge. Syne 2001, the Tell Edfu project is directit bi Nadine Moeller (Oriental Institute, Varsity o Chicago). The current wirk focuses on the eastren pairt o the steid. Sae far the admeenistrative centre o the auncient toun haes been discovered wi remains o a columned haw datin tae the late Middle Kinrick as well as a lairge granar courtyard that functioned as a grain reserve for this provincial caipital. Latter dates tae the Seicont Intermediate Period (17t Dynasty). At least seiven lairge roond silos hae been excavatit here wi a diametre atween 5.5 an 6.5 metres which maks them the lairgest anes sae far discovered athin an auncient Egyptian urban centre.
Nae lairger remains datin earlier than the 5t Dynasty hae been foond at Edfu. The auncient cemetery comprised mastabas o the Auld Kinrick as well as later tombs. Afore the beginnin o the New Kinrick, the necropolis wis transferred tae Hager Edfu, tae the wast an then in the Late period tae the sooth at Nag’ el-Hassaya. The entire aurie wis cried Behedet. The god Horus wis herein worshippit as Horus Behedet.
Ane o thir mastabas belangit tae Isi, a local admeenistrator, who, it wis quotit wis the "great chief o the Nome o Edfu" in the Saxt Dynasty. Isi lived durin the reign o King Djedkare Isesi o the Fift an intae the reign o Pepi I o the Saxt Dynasties. He wis a admeenistrator, judge, chief o the ryal archives an a "Great Ane amang the Tens o the Sooth" [ref?]. Isi later became a livin god an wis sae worshippit durin the Middle Kinrick. As the Saxt Dynasty an the Auld Kinrick drew tae a close, local regional govrenors an admeenistrative nobles teuk on a lairger pouer in thair auries, awa frae the ryal central authority.
Edfu pyramid ruins
The remains o ane o seiven sma provincial step pyramids biggit alang the Nile Valley, is situatit aboot 5 km sooth o Edfu near the wast bank veelage o Naga el-Goneima. The structur wis biggit frae rough reddish sandstane an rises tae a present hicht o 5.5 m. The pyramid haes been loosely attributit tae King Huni o the Third Dynasty. The purpose o thir pyramids is unkent. Further investigations an a detailed survey are carriet oot bi the Oriental Institute, Varsity o Chicago syne 2010.
Apollonopolis Magna
Apollonopolis Magna or Apollinopolis Magna (Greek: πόλις μεγάλη Ἀπόλλωνος, Strabo xvii. p. 817; Agartharch. p. 22; Plin. v. 9. s. 11; Plut. Is. et Osir. 50; Aelian. Hist. An. x. 2; Ptol. iv. 5. § 70; Ἀπολλωνία, Steph. Byzant. s. v.; Ἀπολλωνιάς, Hierocl. p. 732; It. Ant. p. 160, 174; Not. Imp. Orient. c. 143; Laitin: Apollonos Superioris [urbs]). Ptolemy (l. c.) assigns Apollinopolis tae the Hermonthite nome, but it wis mair commonly regardit as the caipital toun o the nome Apollopolites. Unner the Roman emperors it wis the seat o a bishop's see, an the heid-quairters o the Legio II Trajana. Its indwallers wur enemies o the crocodile an its worshippers.
The auncient ceety derivit its principal reputation frae twa temples, which are considered seicont anerlie tae the Temple o Dendera as specimens o the sacred structurs o Egyp. The lairger temple is in guid preservation, an is bein excavatit (see Edfu). The smawer temple, whiles, but improperly, cried a Typhonium, is apparently an appendage o the latter, an its sculpturs represent the birth an eddication o the youthful deity, Horus, whose parents Noum, or Kneph an Athor, wur wirshippit in the lairger edifice. The principal temple is dedicatit tae Noum, whose seembol is the disc o the sun, supportit bi twa asps an the extendit wings o a vultur. Its sculptures represent (Rosellini, Monum. del Culto, p. 240, tav. xxxviii.) the progress o the Sun, Phre-Hor-Hat, Laird o Heiven, muivin in his bark (Bari) throu the cercle o the Oors. The local name o the destrict roond Apollinopolis wis Hat, an Noum wis styled Hor-hat-kah, or Horus, the tutelar genius o the land o Hat. This deity forms at Apollinopolis a triad wi the goddess Athor an Hor-Senet an aw. The members o the triad are youthful gods, pointin thair finger towards thair mooths, an afore the decipherment o the hieroglyphics wur regardit as figurs o Harpocrates.
The entrance intae the lairger temple o Apollinopolis is a gatewey (πυλών) 50 feet heich, flankit bi twa convergin wings (πτερά) in the form o truncatit pyramids, risin tae 107 ft. The wings contain ten stories, are piercit bi roond loop-holes for the admission o licht, an probably servit as chambers or dormitories for the priests an servitors o the temple. Frae the jambs o the door project twa blocks o stane, which wur intendit, as Ddnon supposes, tae support the heids o twa colossal figurs. This propylaeon leads intae a lairge square, surroondit bi a colonnade rooft wi squared granite, an on the opposite side is a pronaos or portico, 53 ft in hicht, an haein a triple row o columns, sax in each row, wi variously an gracefully foliagit caipitals. The temple is 145 ft wide, an 424 ft lang frae the entrance tae the opposite end. Ivery pairt o the waws is covered wi hieroglyphics, an the main court ascends gradually tae the pronaos bi broad steps. The whole aurie o the biggin wis surroondit bi a waw 20 ft heich, o great thickness. Lik sae mony o the Egyptian temples, that o Apollinopolis wis capable o bein employed as a fortress. It stuid aboot a third o a mile frae the river. The sculpturs, awtho carefully an indeed bonnily executit, are o the Ptolemaic era, the earliest portion o the temple haein been erectit bi Ptolemy VI Philometor in 181 BC.
Mytishchi (inhabitit locality)
Mytishchi (Мытищи) is the name o several inhabitit localities in Roushie.
Emblem o Ethiopie
The naitional Emblem o Ethiopie haes been in its current form syne 1996. It contains a golden pentagram radiatin rays o licht on a blue shield. The day the pentagram stands for the unity o the fowk an the naitionality o Ethiopie.
The emblem an aa appears on the centre o the Banner o Ethiopie.
In 1975, an earlier version o the emblem o Ethiopie wis adoptit, consistin o a plow on a yellae sunburst surroondit bi a wreath. It wis associatit wi the Derg regime.
Prior tae 1975, thare wis a European-heraldry influenced ryal coat o airms for the Empire o Ethiopie.
Al Mabrak
Al Mabrak is a toun in the Amman Govrenorate o north-wastren Jordan.
Noel Ahern
Noel Ahern (born December 1944) is a politeecian in the Republic o Ireland, an a member o the Irish pairlament in Dublin, representin the pairty Fianna Fáil. He represents the North-wast Dublin consteetuency in Dáil Éireann.
Casalborgone
Casalborgone is a comune (municipality) in the Province o Turin in the Italian region Piemont, locatit aboot 20 km northeast o Turin.
Casalborgone borders the follaein municipalities: San Sebastiano da Po, Lauriano, Castagneto Po, Rivalba, Tonengo, Aramengo, Berzano di San Pietro, an Cinzano.
Suurküla
Suurküla mey refer tae several places in Estonie:
Michael Ahern
Michael Ahern (born 20 Januar 1949) is a politeecian in the Republic o Ireland, an a member o the Irish pairlament in Dublin, representin the pairty Fianna Fáil. He represents the East Cork consteetuency in Dáil Éireann.
Łódź
Twin touns – sister ceeties
Łódź is twinned wi:
Urevere
Urevere is a veelage in Märjamaa Pairish, Rapla Coonty in wastren Estonie.
Monzer al-Kassar
Monzer al-Kassar (born in An Nabk, Sirie in 1945), elk-namit the "Prince o Marbella", is an Sirie airms dealer. He haes been connectit tae numerous creemes, includin the Achille Lauro hijackin an the Iran-Contra scandal. On 20 November 2008, he wis convictit in U.S. federal court as pairt o a U.S. govrenment sting, for greein tae sell airms tae unnercover agents posin as suppleers for the Revolutionary Airmit Forces o Colombie (FARC), a Colombie guerrilla organisation. He wis sentencit tae thirty years' impreesonment.
Early years
Accordin tae U.S. authorities, Monzer's mentor in the drug an airms tred wis his aulder brither, Ghassan, who haed begun sellin drugs in the late 1960s. (Ghassan remained in the airms business till his daith o naitural causes in 2009).
Al-Kassar attendit law schuil in the late 1960s.
Unitit Kinrick
In 1972, he wis arrestit in Copenhagen for sellin hashish. He then muivit tae the Unitit Kinrick. He livit in Sloane Square in Lunnon, whaur he teuk pairt in an operation that importit heroin an hashish frae Lebanon, then bocht airms wi the profits an smuggled them back tae Lebanon. In aither 1974 or 1977 (soorces conflict), al-Kassar wis arrestit an jailed in the UK for sellin hashish. He served less nor twa years in jyle.
In 1981, he marriet Raghdaa Habbal, who wis seiventeen year auld at the time, an who came frae a well-connectit Sirie faimily in Beirut.
In 1984, al-Kassar wis expelled frae the UK for drug an airms traffickin.
"The Prince o Marbella"
Efter his expulsion frae the UK, al-Kassar muivit, alang wi his wife an bi then twa childer, tae Marbella, Spain. Thare he bocht a mansion, that he namit "Palacio de Mifadil" ("Palace o Ma Virtue", in a combination o Spainyie an Arabic), an quickly developit a reputation as a walthy, ostentatious businessman. The European press suin began tae caw him "The Prince o Marbella". In 1985 he wis the subject o a profile in the French magazine Paris Match, which wrote, "in a few years, this Sirie merchant became ane o the maist pouerful businessmen in the warld."
The Spainyie govrenment alleges that in 1985, al-Kassar sauld airms tae the hijackers o the Achille Lauro cruise ship, an that efterwards he flew the hijackers' leader, Abu Abbas, tae safety in ane o his private airplanes. Al-Kassar haes deneed the chairge.
In 1987, investigations intae the Iran-Contra scandal foond that al-Kassar haed been peyed 1.5 million pounds bi someane in the U.S. govrenment tae sell airms tae Nicaraguan Contras; accordin tae an airticle in The New Yorker, the money came frae "a Swiss bank account controlled bi Oliver North an his co-conspirators."
In 1992, al-Kassar made airms sales valued in the millions o dollars tae Croatie, Bosnie an Somalie, violatin Unitit Naitions airms embargoes tae aw three countries. That same year, al-Kassar obtained an Argentine passport, wi the allegit plan tae muive thare, wi the assistance o then-preses Carlos Menem, whose parents wur frae the same toun in Sirie as those o al-Kassar, an who mey hae been a relative. (In 2000, he wis indictit in Argentinae for "obtainin documents unner false pretences".) In 1992 an aw, the Spainyie govrenment arrestit him for his allegit earlier involvement in the Achille Lauro hijackin, alang wi "falsification o documents" an "possession o illegal weapons an vehicles". He spent mair nor a year in jyle afore bein released on bail. The trial came in 1995, an he wis foond no guilty on aw chairges.
Up tae 2002 he collaboratit wi Pols Military Information Services in illegal airms tradin.
In Julie 2006, the govrenment o Iraq placit him at #26 on thair "maist wantit" leet, cawin him "ane o the main sources o financial an logistics support" for the Iraqi insurgency.
DEA sting
Efter the 11t September attacks in 2001, thare wis renewed interest in the Unitit States in apprehendin those connectit tae terrorism, as well as new laws that gae greater power for "extraterritorial jurisdiction", or the ability o the U.S. govrenment tae investigate an arrest fowk suspectit o committin creemes ootside the Unitit States. In 2006, the Drug Enforcement Agency decidit tae put thegither a sting tae trap al-Kassar, code-namit "Operation Legacy" an led bi Jim Soiles an the DEA's Special Operations Diveesion. Thay enleetit a 69-year-auld Palestinian umwhile member o the Black September Organization, referred tae publicly anerlie as "Samir", who wis then bein held in a U.S. preeson. Samir spent hintle o 2006 tryin tae arrange a meetin wi al-Kassar, an wis feenally able tae in December 2006.
In Februar 2007, the DEA haed Samir arrange a meetin atween al-Kassar an twa Guatemalan informants posin as FARC insurgents who wantit tae purchase wappens tae uise against American military forces. The group met several mair times, an at later meetins the informants wur wearin hidden video cameras, which recordit al-Kassar greein tae the terms o the deal.
The informants, at the request o the DEA, then treed tae lur al-Kassar tae Romanie, ostensibly in order tae collect his payment for the sale, whaur he coud be easily arrestit bi U.S. agents; but al-Kassar refused. Thay instead convincit him tae buiard a flicht tae Madrid for the same purpose. In Juin 2007, the Cuerpo Nacional de Policía (Spainyie Naitional Polis) at the Barajas Airport in Madrid arrestit him efter he got aff the plane. He wis chairgit wi conspirin tae kill Americans, supplyin terrorists, obtainin anti-aircraft missiles an money launderin.
On 13 Juin 2008, al-Kassar wis extraditit tae the Unitit States for trial; he arrived in New York in shackles the follaein day. On 20 November 2008, he wis convictit in federal court o five chairges, amang them money launderin an conspirin tae sell airms tae suppleers for FARC. Sentencing for al-Kassar an co-defendant Luis Felipe Moreno Godoy wis scheduled for Februar 18. The relatives o Leon Klinghoffer, the man murdered in the Achille Lauro incident, war in court for the verdict. Al-Kassar wis representit bi Ira Sorkin.
A New Yorker airticle aboot the sting speculatit that al-Kassar haed been unuisually lax in his behaviour wi the fake airms buyers, an that this mey hae been caused bi financial desperation on al-Kassar's pairt, syne, due tae a decrease in warld conflicts, the internaitional airms tred wis slawer than it haed been durin the late 20t century.
Villa Canales
Villa Canales is a municipality in the Guatemala depairtment o Guatemala, situatit 22 km sooth o Guatemala Ceety. As o the 2002 census, the ceety haed a population o 77,638, makkin it the aicht lairgest ceety in Guatemala.
History
Due tae a govrenment decision, Pueblo Viejo Petapa became a municipality on 3 Juin 1912. Efterwairds, its name chyngit tae San Joaquin Villa Canales an later shortened tae Villa Canales.