cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
ᱦᱮᱢᱚᱱᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ
ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱚᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱮᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱤᱠᱚᱨᱰ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱚᱱᱟ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱢᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ (ᱡᱢᱢ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ JMM ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱴᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱚᱠᱚᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱴᱟᱺᱰᱤ (backgrounds) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚᱨᱵᱟᱨ (MLA) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ, ᱟᱫᱚ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱤᱡᱮᱵᱰ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱱᱟᱣ (Election) ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱩᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ JMM ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱳᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱱᱴᱮᱠᱴ ᱢᱮ ᱾
ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱗᱕ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱢᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱭᱚᱠ ᱒᱐᱐᱙–᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱭᱚᱠ ᱒᱐᱑᱔–᱒᱐᱑᱙
ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ (ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ)
ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ (ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ) ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱛ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱮᱠᱮᱰᱢᱤ ᱰᱤᱥᱤᱯᱞᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱡᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ, "ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱜᱽᱨᱚᱱᱛᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱛᱤᱛᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱥᱛᱪᱷᱮᱯ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ"᱾
ᱰᱤᱥᱴᱤᱝᱠ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ
ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱺᱦᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱝ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱟᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱤᱪᱷᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱚᱯᱮᱪᱷᱟᱠᱨᱤᱛ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱮᱠᱮᱫᱚᱢᱤ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ
ᱮᱠᱮᱫᱚᱢᱤ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱹᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱪᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱯᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾
ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ
Femme de lettres
ᱛᱚᱨᱢᱩᱡᱽ
ᱛᱚᱨᱵᱩᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱛᱚᱨᱵᱩᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱸᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱡᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱡᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱚᱸᱜᱚᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱡᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱖% ᱪᱤᱱᱤ, ᱙᱒% ᱫᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱒% ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱩᱯᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ  ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱤᱴᱟᱢᱤᱱ-ᱮ ᱡᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱪᱟᱥ ᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ
ᱛᱚᱨᱵᱩᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟ.ᱞᱤ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱥᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱫᱚᱢᱚᱭᱚᱱᱛᱤ ᱡᱚᱥᱤ
ᱫᱚᱢᱚᱭᱚᱱᱛᱤ ᱡᱚᱥᱤ (᱕ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱒᱘ ᱼ ᱑᱙ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱔) ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟᱠ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱮᱡᱤᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱑᱙᱓᱐ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱭᱰᱟᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱰᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱟ, ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨᱟᱢ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱛᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱮᱱᱮᱡᱤᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱟᱱᱮ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱟᱪᱚᱱ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱽ, ᱞᱟᱪᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱩ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱛᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱟᱰᱤᱥᱚᱱ (tradition) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱤᱭᱩᱟᱸᱥ (nuances) ᱫᱚᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱕᱐ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱖᱐ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱫᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾
ᱩᱱᱤ ᱑᱙᱗᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱫᱢᱟ ᱥᱨᱤ, ᱑᱘᱖᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱛᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱭᱩ.ᱯᱤ. ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟᱠ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱾
ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ
᱑᱙᱒᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱱᱩᱭ ᱡᱚᱱᱨᱟᱞ ᱰᱨ. ᱥᱟᱦᱤᱵᱽ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱥᱚᱠᱷᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱦᱩ ᱞᱤᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱠᱷᱤ (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱨᱳᱭ) ᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱢᱮᱰᱟᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚ ᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱤᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱟᱹ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱟᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱥᱤ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱵᱷᱟᱛᱥᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱚᱥᱤ ᱟᱡᱤᱜ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱡᱟ ᱜᱟᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱠᱷ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱰᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱰᱤᱛ ᱥᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨᱟᱢ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱛᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟ ᱪᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱰᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱑᱕ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱱᱩᱭᱫᱚ ᱭᱩᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱮᱠᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱪᱮᱭᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱢᱚᱭᱚᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱪᱟᱠᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱰᱟᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱮᱡᱤᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱡᱤᱯᱷᱫᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱨᱟᱡᱮᱥᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱚᱛ ᱱᱟᱴᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱞᱟ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱟᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱩᱱᱤᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱴᱣᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱴᱤ.ᱠᱮ. ᱾
ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ
᱑᱙᱕᱐ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱫᱚᱢᱚᱭᱚᱱᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱰᱤᱛ, ᱟᱪᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱽ, ᱞᱟᱪᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱟᱱᱮ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱷᱩ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱟᱱᱮ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱜ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱦᱤᱨᱟᱞᱟᱞ ᱛᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱮᱠᱷᱞᱟ ᱠᱚᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱮᱱᱮᱡᱤᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱡᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱚᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱷᱩ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱵᱟᱱᱫᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ "ᱥᱟᱹᱲᱤ" ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱩᱱᱤᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱸᱫᱤᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ, ᱠᱷᱮᱭᱨᱟᱜᱟᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ (᱑᱙᱖᱘) ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱫᱢᱟ ᱥᱨᱤ (᱑᱙᱗᱐) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱢᱟᱱᱤᱛ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱜᱚᱣᱛᱟᱢ ᱤᱡ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱩᱱᱤ ᱑᱙᱗᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱟᱱ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱚᱠᱭᱩᱢᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ (Documentary film) ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱠᱩᱢᱟᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱤᱱ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱤᱦ "ᱫᱚᱢᱚᱭᱚᱱᱛᱤ ᱡᱚᱥᱤ" ᱚᱦᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱑᱙᱗᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾
᱑᱙ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱫᱚᱨ, ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱥᱴᱨᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾
ᱛᱤᱥᱨᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ
ᱛᱤᱥᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱨᱤᱰᱤᱦ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱩᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾
ᱢᱟᱣᱚᱵᱟᱫᱤ ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱤᱴᱤ
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱢᱟᱣᱚᱵᱟᱫᱤ ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱤᱴᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱞᱩᱱᱥᱮᱰ (influenced) ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱵᱤᱡ, ᱜᱤᱨᱤᱰᱤᱦ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱔ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱞᱩᱱᱥᱮᱰ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱜᱤᱨᱤᱰᱤᱦ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱣᱚᱵᱟᱫᱤ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱞᱩᱱᱥᱮᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱑᱓ ᱯᱷᱚᱠᱟᱥ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱷᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱨᱮ, ᱜᱤᱨᱤᱰᱤᱦ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱟᱣᱚᱵᱟᱫᱤ, ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱞ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱦ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱕᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ
ᱛᱤᱥᱨᱤ 24.56944°N, 86.05889°W ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱛᱤᱥᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱠᱟᱣᱟᱠᱚᱞ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱣᱟᱫᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱚᱸᱧᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ, ᱫᱮᱣᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱷᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱷᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱛᱤᱥᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱔᱒᱙.᱕᱖ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ᱒ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱱᱰᱮ ᱑᱕ ᱯᱚᱧᱪᱟᱛ, ᱟᱨ ᱑᱘᱓ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱤᱥᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱠᱟᱭᱚᱬᱯᱩᱧ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱥᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱕᱘.᱘᱙% ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱛᱤᱥᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ : ᱠᱤᱩᱞ, ᱥᱟᱠᱨᱤ, ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱸᱰᱟ ᱾
ᱛᱤᱥᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱸᱪᱟᱭᱚᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ : ᱛᱷᱟᱱᱥᱤᱝᱰᱤᱦ, ᱢᱟᱸᱥᱰᱤᱦ, ᱞᱚᱠᱟᱭ, ᱵᱮᱞᱣᱟᱱᱟ, ᱯᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱩᱣᱟ, ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱷᱚ, ᱜᱩᱢᱜᱤ, ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚᱨᱤ, ᱠᱷᱟᱛᱯᱚᱸᱠ, ᱜᱟᱰᱠᱟᱨᱟ, ᱵᱟᱨᱣᱟᱰᱤᱦ, ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱟᱨᱤ, ᱵᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟᱨᱤ, ᱛᱤᱥᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱤᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱾
ᱦᱚᱲᱮᱞ
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱛᱤᱥᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱙᱕,᱐᱘᱑ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱔᱗,᱔᱒᱓ (᱕᱐%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱔᱗,᱖᱕᱘ (᱕᱐%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱖ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱑᱙,᱒᱙᱒ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱱᱩᱥᱩᱪᱤᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱑᱓,᱐᱓᱗ (᱑᱓.᱗᱑%) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱒᱑,᱑᱑᱔ (᱒᱒.᱒᱑%) ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ
᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱛᱤᱥᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱔᱑,᱘᱙᱒ (᱖ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱕᱕.᱒᱗%) ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱖,᱒᱘᱙ (᱗᱐.᱐᱕%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱕,᱖᱐᱓ (᱔᱐.᱗᱘%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱚᱱᱛᱚᱨ (ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱛᱚᱨ) ᱒᱙.᱒᱗% ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱜᱤᱨᱤᱰᱤᱦ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱓.᱑᱔% ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱖.᱔᱑% ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱔.᱐᱔% ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ
᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱤᱨᱤᱰᱤᱦ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱙᱘᱘,᱑᱙᱘ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱕᱑.᱘᱙% ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱓᱙᱒,᱒᱖᱓ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ (᱒᱐.᱖᱐%), ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱐᱙,᱙᱖᱐ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ (᱑᱑.᱒᱔%) ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱓᱐᱙,᱙᱖᱐ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ (᱑᱖.᱒᱘%) ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱮᱢ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑,᱘᱕᱖,᱒᱐᱒ (᱗᱕.᱙᱐%), ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱐᱘,᱕᱘᱖ ᱦᱚᱲ (᱒᱐.᱘᱐%), ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱔,᱖᱔᱕ ᱦᱚᱲ (᱐.᱖᱐%) ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱖,᱐᱔᱑ (᱒.᱗᱐%) ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ
ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱜᱤᱨᱤᱰᱤᱦ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱜᱤᱨᱤᱰᱤᱦ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ
ᱱᱚᱭᱟᱵᱟᱫ ᱢᱚᱥᱡᱤᱡᱪ
'ᱱᱚᱭᱟᱵᱟᱫ ᱢᱚᱥᱡᱤᱫ  ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐
ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ
ᱢᱚᱥᱡᱤᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱫᱩᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱞᱚᱠ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ
ᱯᱚᱫᱽᱢᱟᱡᱟ ᱱᱟᱭᱰᱩ
ᱯᱚᱫᱽᱢᱟᱡᱟ ᱱᱟᱭᱰᱩ ᱫᱚ (᱑᱗ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱐᱐ ᱼ ᱒ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱙᱗᱕) ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾
ᱱᱤᱡᱟᱹᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ
ᱯᱚᱫᱽᱢᱟᱡᱟ ᱱᱟᱭᱰᱩ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮᱞᱩᱜᱩ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱵᱽᱭᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱟᱨᱚᱡᱤᱱᱤ ᱱᱟᱭᱰᱩ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱛᱭᱟᱞᱟ ᱜᱚᱵᱤᱱᱫᱽᱨᱟᱡᱩᱞᱩ ᱱᱟᱭᱰᱩ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟᱼᱢᱤᱥᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱭᱥᱩᱨᱭᱟ, ᱞᱚᱞᱟᱢᱚᱬᱤ, ᱱᱤᱞᱟᱣᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱚᱬᱫᱷᱤᱨ ᱾
ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ
᱒᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱩᱢᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱨᱤᱭᱟᱥᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱼᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱔᱒ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ "ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ" ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱱᱩᱭ ᱑᱙᱕᱖ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱕᱖ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱨᱮᱰ ᱠᱨᱚᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱗᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱗᱒ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱰ ᱠᱨᱚᱥ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾
ᱯᱤᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ
ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱚᱫᱽᱢᱟᱡᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱩᱴᱤ ᱯᱮᱴᱤᱴ ᱤᱡ ᱜᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱦᱚᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱡᱤᱱᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱷᱟᱣᱱᱰᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱫᱽᱢᱟᱡᱟ ᱱᱟᱭᱰᱩ ᱟᱜ ᱱᱮᱦᱨᱩ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱵᱟᱦᱚᱨᱞᱟᱞ ᱱᱮᱦᱨᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱥᱨᱟ, ᱵᱤᱡᱚᱭ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱢᱤ ᱯᱚᱱᱰᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾
ᱞᱮᱜᱮᱥᱤ
ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱫᱽᱢᱟᱡᱟ ᱱᱟᱭᱰᱩ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭᱚᱱ ᱡᱩᱞᱚᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱨᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ
ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱐᱐ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱗᱕ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱠᱚ
ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱟᱱᱫᱷᱨᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ
ᱡᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱞ
ᱡᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱵᱷᱩᱢ, ᱵᱟᱸᱠᱩᱲᱟ, ᱢᱮᱫᱤᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱷᱳᱴᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱨᱟᱭ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾
ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ
ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱶᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱚᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱹ ᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱑᱘᱐᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱨᱮᱜᱩᱞᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱑᱘᱘᱐ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱞ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ, ᱵᱤᱨᱵᱷᱩᱢ, ᱵᱟᱸᱠᱩᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱫᱤᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱴ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱞᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱴ ᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
᱑᱘᱓᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱜᱩᱞᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱑᱓ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱞ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱮᱱᱯᱷᱟᱲᱤ, ᱥᱮᱨᱜᱚᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱱᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱴᱥ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱭᱮᱱᱟ᱾
ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱸᱠᱩᱲᱟ, ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱢᱮᱫᱤᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ "ᱡᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱞ" ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾
ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ
᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱤ.ᱡᱮ.ᱯᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱥᱚᱣᱢᱤᱛᱨᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱜᱨᱟᱢ, ᱵᱟᱸᱠᱩᱲᱟ, ᱵᱤᱨᱵᱷᱩᱢ, ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱫᱤᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱢᱮᱫᱤᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱞ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱱᱤᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ᱾
ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱤᱹᱡᱮᱹᱯᱤ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞᱢᱚᱦᱚᱞ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱭᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱨᱤᱱᱚᱢᱩᱞ ᱡᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱮᱛᱟ ᱥᱚᱣᱢᱤᱛᱨᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾
ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ
ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ
ᱥᱚᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱥᱟᱨ
ᱥᱚᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱟ.ᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱠ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱮᱢ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱟᱸᱵᱟ.ᱱᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟ.ᱵᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱡᱽ
ᱥᱚᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱥᱟᱨ ᱑᱕ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱥᱚᱦᱤᱫᱩᱞᱽᱞᱟᱦᱚ ᱠᱟᱭᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱯᱟᱱᱽᱱᱟ ᱠᱟᱭᱥᱟᱨ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱚᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱥᱝᱥᱚᱫ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱲᱟ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ-ᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱚᱢᱤᱛᱟᱵᱷᱚ ᱠᱟᱭᱥᱟᱨ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ president A.Q.M.Badruja chowdhury ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱟ.ᱦᱩ ᱢᱟᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱽᱱᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱠᱩᱨᱤ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱠᱟᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ
ᱴᱤᱵᱷᱤ ᱚᱵᱷᱤᱱᱚᱭ ᱑᱘᱘᱙ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱯᱨᱤᱪᱟᱞᱚᱠ ᱟᱛᱤᱠᱩᱞ ᱦᱚᱠ ᱪᱳᱫᱷᱚᱩᱨᱤ ᱮᱡᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱩᱨᱤ ᱛᱚᱞᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱩᱨᱤ ᱱᱚᱭᱟᱠᱷᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱲ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱮᱵᱟ ᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱵᱟ ᱯᱚᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱵᱷᱤᱱᱚᱭ ᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱨ ᱤᱢᱫᱟᱫᱩᱞ ᱦᱚᱠ ᱢᱤᱞᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱵᱫᱩᱞᱽᱞᱟᱦᱚ ᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱢᱩᱱ ᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮ ᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱵᱷᱤᱱᱚᱭ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱫᱩᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱤ ᱾ ᱟᱱᱟ ᱯᱚᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱵᱷᱤᱱᱚᱭ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱤᱯᱤᱠ-ᱟ ᱧᱤᱫᱟ., ᱞᱤᱴᱟ ᱞᱤᱴᱟ ᱰᱷᱮᱩ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ, ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱧᱤᱫᱟ., ᱠᱩᱠᱢᱩ, ᱟᱨᱦᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱵᱷᱤᱱᱚᱭ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱵᱷᱤᱱᱚᱭ
ᱥᱚᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱥᱟᱨ ᱰᱷᱟᱠᱟ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱑᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱤᱫᱩᱡᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱞᱤᱢ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱦᱟᱛ ᱠᱷᱳᱫᱟᱤ ᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱵᱷᱤᱱᱚᱭ ᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱞᱚᱱ(᱒᱐᱐᱔) ᱦᱟᱪᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱵᱷᱤᱱᱚᱭ ᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱛᱤᱠ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱠ ᱟ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱵᱷᱤᱱᱚᱭ ᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾
ᱰᱤᱨᱤᱠᱛᱳᱨ
ᱥᱚᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱥᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱛᱤᱠᱛᱳᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱤᱲᱤ production ᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾
ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ
ᱥᱚᱢᱤ ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱱᱟᱜᱨᱤᱠ ᱚᱨᱱᱚᱵ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱨᱡᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱚᱨᱱᱚᱵ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱨᱡᱤ ᱢᱭᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱵᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱨᱱᱚᱵ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱯᱟᱠ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱨᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱔ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ independent University ᱨᱮᱱ teacher ᱟᱨᱟᱯᱷᱟᱛ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱤᱢᱟ ᱟᱱᱴᱤᱞ
ᱥᱤᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱱᱴᱤᱞ (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱒᱗ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱑᱙᱘᱓) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱠᱚᱥ ᱛᱷᱨᱳ ᱪᱟᱯᱟᱫᱤᱭᱟ. ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱭ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱟᱱ ᱥᱠᱳᱨ ᱨᱮᱠᱚᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱒ᱹ᱖᱒ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱒᱐᱕ᱹ᱔ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱥᱟᱞᱤᱱᱟᱥ,ᱠᱟᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱨᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱭᱟ ᱾
ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ
ᱥᱤᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱱᱤᱯᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱣᱰᱟ ᱟ.ᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ Her sporting career began at the age of 11 years as a ᱱᱩᱭ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱨᱰᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱷᱟ.ᱞ ᱫᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱥᱠᱚᱥ ᱛᱷᱨᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ Her gold medal win at the ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱡᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱᱥᱤᱯ, ᱥᱟᱱᱴᱤᱭᱟᱜᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱰᱟᱞ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟ.ᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟᱨ 'Millennium Child' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ-ᱮ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱢᱟ ᱚᱱᱴᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ  ᱥᱳᱱᱤᱯᱟᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟ.ᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾
ᱠᱟ.ᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ
ᱥᱤᱢᱟ ᱚᱱᱴᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱡᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱᱥᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱰᱟᱞ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟ.ᱨ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱛᱚᱵᱮ pseudoephedrine ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟ.ᱛᱤᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱨᱚᱜ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱨᱮ,ᱰᱨᱚᱜ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱠᱷᱟ.ᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱰᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱨᱩᱣᱟ.ᱲ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱡᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱᱥᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱸᱥᱟ ᱢᱮᱰᱟᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾
ᱥᱤᱢᱟ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱣᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱜᱮᱢᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱩᱯᱟ. ᱢᱮᱰᱟᱞ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟ.ᱨ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱤᱫᱤᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱨᱭᱟᱬᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱒᱖ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱤᱢ ᱟᱣᱟᱰ ᱪᱟᱞ ᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱢᱥ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ steroid (stanozolol) ᱠᱷᱟ.ᱭᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱥᱤᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱯ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱮᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱯᱩᱨᱟ.ᱣ ᱞᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ ᱠᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾
ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ
ᱥᱤᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱸᱠᱩᱥ ᱯᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱶᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱢᱟ ᱤᱡ ᱠᱳᱪ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱛᱷᱮᱱᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱚᱞᱚᱢᱯᱤᱠ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱩᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱚᱢ
ᱥᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱦᱟᱱᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱚᱢ' ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱱᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱛᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱩᱥᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱱᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱩᱯᱩᱨᱩᱢ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱴᱟᱱ ᱴᱤ ᱵᱷᱤ ᱪᱮᱱᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱱᱮᱠ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱥᱩᱯᱷᱤ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱾
ᱮᱠᱞᱟᱛᱮ
ᱢᱮᱱᱰᱟ ᱤᱥᱠ ᱵᱷᱤ ᱛᱩ (ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱯᱷᱤ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱑᱙ ᱥᱟᱭᱟᱝ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱩᱯᱷᱤ ᱚᱱᱦᱚᱬᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱣᱟᱡᱟ ᱜᱷᱩᱞᱟᱢ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱤᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱱᱟᱭᱚᱛ ᱦᱩᱥᱮᱱ ᱵᱷᱚᱴᱴᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱴᱦᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱩᱱᱵᱟ –  ᱛᱩᱨ ᱢᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱᱳᱱ ᱛᱩᱱᱵᱟ ᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱛᱟᱸ ᱡᱟᱜᱱᱤ ᱟ ᱭᱟᱨ ᱛᱩ ᱠᱤᱛᱷᱮ ᱵᱮᱸ  ᱣᱮ ᱢᱮᱸ ᱪᱚᱨᱤ ᱪᱚᱨᱤ ᱛᱮᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱞ ᱞᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱟ ᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱣᱮ  (ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱡᱟᱵᱤ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱚᱱᱦᱚᱬᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱡᱩᱨ ᱦᱩᱥᱮᱱ ᱡᱷᱟᱞᱞᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱢᱡᱟᱸ ᱠᱮᱦᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱭᱟᱸ ᱢᱮᱨᱟ ᱪᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱛᱚ ᱵᱷᱩᱞ ᱡᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱤᱥᱮ ᱫᱮ ᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱭᱟᱨ ᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱭᱟᱸ ᱵᱳᱞ ᱢᱤᱴᱴᱤ ᱫᱟᱭᱟ ᱵᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟ (ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱢᱩᱲ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱞᱚᱢ ᱞᱳᱦᱟᱨ
ᱠᱳᱠ ᱥᱴᱩᱰᱤᱭᱳ (ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ)
" ''ᱪᱤᱨᱤᱭᱟᱸ ᱫᱟ ᱪᱟᱢᱵᱟ'" (᱒᱐᱑᱕) (ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱡᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱠᱥᱩᱫ ᱛᱩᱞᱩᱡ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾) ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮᱨᱟ ᱦᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱯᱟᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱮᱜᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱯᱟᱛ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ  ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱰᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚᱭ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱠᱥᱤᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱤᱸᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱮᱣᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱪᱮᱴᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱠ ᱥᱴᱩᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, " ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ-ᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱚᱢ -ᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱦᱟᱠ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾"
ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥᱵᱟᱫᱽ
ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥᱵᱟᱫᱽ (ᱤᱝᱨᱟᱹᱡᱤᱛᱮ–Marxism) ᱜᱮᱞ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱥᱤ, ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱥᱤ, ᱜᱚᱰᱤᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱨᱞ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱰᱨᱤᱠᱷ ᱮᱝᱜᱮᱞᱥ ᱛᱟᱹᱠᱤᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱤᱣᱨᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱝᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱱᱤᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱼᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱛᱚᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱛᱚᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ Dialectic ᱟᱨ Historical Materialist ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱱᱰᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱡᱤᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ criticise ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱱᱰᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱦᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ
ᱮᱢᱤᱞ ᱵᱟᱨᱱᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ, ᱡᱤᱭᱳᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤᱱ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱪᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱤ ᱛᱤᱝᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱵᱪᱷᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱵᱤᱨᱳᱫᱷ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱤᱣᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱡᱤᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱱᱤᱛᱤ ᱛᱷᱤᱣᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱛᱷᱤᱣᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱷᱤᱣᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱪᱤᱫ ᱤᱫᱤᱭᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜᱼᱜᱤ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱤᱫᱤᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱩᱱᱟᱹᱨ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ Aesthetics, Ethics, Theology, Theoretical psychology ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱦᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱥ ᱠᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱱᱤᱛᱤ ᱪᱟᱨᱪᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ Dialectical materialism ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱩᱴᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱢᱤᱱᱟᱠᱥᱤ ᱪᱤᱛᱚᱨᱚᱧᱡᱚᱱ
ᱢᱤᱱᱟᱠᱥᱤ ᱪᱤᱛᱚᱨᱚᱧᱡᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱞᱟᱥᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱨᱩᱥᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱱᱟᱴᱭᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱟᱞᱩᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱞᱟᱥᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱪᱮᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱱᱟᱴᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱟᱞᱩᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱫᱤᱠᱥᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱟᱡ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱳᱠᱠᱟᱞᱤᱸᱜᱚᱢ ᱯᱤᱞᱟᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱵᱵᱚᱨᱟᱭᱟ ᱯᱤᱞᱟᱤ, ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱯᱟᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱥᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱭᱤᱢᱟᱢᱚᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱛᱷᱚᱥᱟᱨᱚᱛᱷᱤ ᱥᱣᱟᱢᱤ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱴᱭᱚ ᱠᱟᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱨᱚᱛᱷᱤ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟᱛᱱᱟᱴᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱞᱟᱥᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ ᱥᱚᱢᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱫᱽᱢᱚᱥᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱢᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟ ᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾
ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱᱤ
ᱢᱤᱱᱟᱠᱥᱤ ᱪᱤᱛᱷᱚᱨᱚᱱᱡᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱱᱟᱭᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱱᱟᱜᱚᱭᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱟᱹᱠᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱱᱟᱠᱥᱤ ᱪᱤᱛᱷᱚᱨᱚᱱᱡᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱬᱮᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱰᱤᱧ ᱩᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱥᱟᱵᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱱᱟᱴᱭᱚᱢ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱟᱱᱟᱞᱞᱩᱨ ᱪᱳᱠᱠᱟᱞᱤᱸᱜᱚᱢ ᱯᱤᱞᱞᱟᱭᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱩᱵᱵᱚᱨᱟᱭᱟ ᱯᱤᱞᱞᱟᱭᱤ ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱱᱟᱴᱭᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱷᱽᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱱᱟᱠᱥᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱑᱙᱖᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱨᱮᱱᱜᱮᱴᱨᱚᱢ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱢᱮᱞᱟᱝᱠᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱮᱠᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾  ᱛᱤᱱᱡᱷᱚᱜ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱜᱟᱲ ᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱢᱤᱱᱟᱠᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱨᱟᱡᱜᱟᱲ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭᱤ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱵᱵᱚᱨᱟᱭᱟ ᱯᱤᱞᱞᱟᱭᱤ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱤᱛᱷᱤᱨᱟᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱨᱩᱱ ᱪᱤᱛᱷᱚᱨᱚᱱᱡᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ  ᱢᱤᱫ ᱳᱨᱛᱷᱳᱰᱳᱱᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱡᱟᱶᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱ ᱥᱚᱢᱚᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱢᱹᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱚᱵᱚᱴᱥᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱶᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱨᱤᱱᱤᱵᱟᱥᱚ ᱯᱤᱞᱞᱟᱭᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱨᱩᱻᱥᱤᱠᱟ ᱥᱟᱝ ᱨᱚᱯᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱤᱴᱚᱨᱥᱵᱚᱨᱜᱽ
ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱤᱴᱚᱨᱥᱵᱚᱨᱜᱽ (ᱨᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱᱺСанкт-Петербу́рг) ᱫᱚ ᱨᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱞᱴᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱹᱢᱩᱸᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱶ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱞᱴᱤᱠ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱾
ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱤᱴᱚᱨᱥᱵᱚᱨᱜᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱮᱨᱤᱴᱮᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ The Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ
ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱤᱴᱚᱨᱥᱵᱚᱨᱜᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱛᱥᱟᱨ (Tsar) ᱯᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱑ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱑᱗᱐᱓ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱾ ᱢᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱑᱙᱑᱘ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱥᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱤ ᱜᱨᱮᱴ ᱩᱨᱜᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱭᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱤᱴᱚᱨᱥᱵᱚᱨᱜᱽᱻᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫᱻᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱰᱷᱚᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾
ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱤᱴᱚᱨᱵᱚᱨᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱷᱟᱶ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱛᱩᱯᱩᱫ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱸᱠᱴ ᱯᱤᱴᱚᱨᱵᱚᱨᱜᱽ ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱶᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱥᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱠᱚᱞᱟᱥ ᱒, ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱓᱑, ᱑᱙᱑᱔ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱨᱩ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ "ᱯᱮᱴᱚᱨᱜᱨᱟᱰ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾᱑᱙᱑᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱞᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ, ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱥᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱞᱮᱱᱤᱜᱨᱟᱰ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱲᱦᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱤᱴᱚᱨᱵᱚᱨᱜᱽ (stᱹ petersberg) ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱑ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱩᱱᱤᱥᱴ (communist) ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱫ᱾ᱱᱟᱹᱢ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ "ᱯᱤᱴᱚᱨ" ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱠᱚ
ᱰᱤᱢᱤᱴᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱴᱨᱩᱥᱮᱵᱷ (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱙᱗᱗), ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ
ᱢᱚᱠᱥᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱨᱥᱠᱤ (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱙᱗᱔), ᱥᱤᱵᱚᱱᱫᱽᱨᱟᱥᱟᱭᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ
ᱟᱞᱮᱠᱡᱤ ᱴᱮᱭᱡᱚᱨ (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱙᱗᱙), ᱮᱱᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱯᱷᱤᱱᱟᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱨ
ᱦᱮᱭᱨᱤ ᱨᱤᱢᱥ
ᱦᱚᱨᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱡᱚᱱ ᱥᱴᱨᱮᱭᱮᱪᱚᱨ (᱒᱗ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱑᱙᱔᱗ ᱼ ᱑᱙ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱒᱐᱑᱓), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱫᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱮᱨᱤ ᱨᱤᱢᱥ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱢᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱨᱱᱳᱜᱽᱨᱚᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱯᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱤᱢᱮᱞ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱴᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱗᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱳᱨᱱᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱠᱩᱞᱴ ᱠᱞᱟᱥᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱰᱤᱯ ᱜᱽᱨᱳᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱭᱚᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱗᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱞᱟᱥᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱢᱤᱥ ᱡᱳᱱᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱤ ᱰᱤᱵᱽᱞᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱳᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱗᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱘᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟ.ᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ । ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱘᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱮᱭᱨᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾
ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ
ᱨᱤᱢᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱗ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱑᱙᱔᱗ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱨᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱡᱚᱱ ᱥᱴᱨᱮᱭᱮᱪᱚᱨ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟ. ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱰᱳᱱ ᱥᱴᱨᱮᱭᱮᱪᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱨᱳᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱚᱰᱮᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱦᱮᱭᱨᱤ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱨᱤᱱᱴᱤᱝ ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱣᱟᱥᱴᱪᱮᱥᱴᱚᱨ, ᱱᱭᱩ ᱭᱳᱨᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱱᱤᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱖᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱮᱱᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱤᱴᱥᱵᱚᱨᱜᱽ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱖᱗ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱦᱟᱴᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱳᱢᱮᱴ ᱮᱱᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱭᱮᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ (ᱱᱚᱱ-ᱯᱚᱨᱱᱳ) ᱟᱠᱴᱤᱝ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟ ᱢᱟᱢᱟ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴᱟᱞ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱮᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱞᱚᱵᱽ, ᱱᱤᱣ ᱭᱚᱨᱠ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱮᱴᱚᱨ ᱮᱱᱥᱮᱢᱵᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱠᱥᱯᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱯᱷ-ᱵᱽᱨᱚᱰᱣᱮ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
ᱛᱷᱚᱠ : ᱮᱰᱟᱞᱴ ᱯᱟᱯᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ : ᱮᱰᱟᱞᱴ ᱟᱢᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱯᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ
ᱮᱭᱤ ᱛᱚ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱸ
ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱟᱤᱱ-ᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱪᱤᱛᱟ.ᱨ  ᱮᱭᱤ ᱛᱚ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱸ ᱑᱙᱘᱗ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱤᱞᱤᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ।
ᱠᱚᱲᱟᱠᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ
ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱪᱤᱛᱟ.ᱨ ‘ᱮᱭᱤ ᱛᱚ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱸ’ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱲᱟᱠᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱺ
ᱛᱮᱱᱩ
ᱛᱮᱱᱩ (ᱛᱮᱱᱩᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱮᱴᱟᱨᱣᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱨᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ ᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ  ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱱᱩᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ ᱥᱴᱤᱞ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱔᱒ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱧᱚᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱴᱮᱱᱩᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱞ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱱᱩᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ
ᱛᱮᱱᱩ 23.73444°N, 85.84056°W ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱤᱠᱱᱟᱹᱛ
᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱞᱥᱚᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱛᱮᱱᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱓,᱖᱑᱙ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒,᱑᱒᱐ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱑,᱕᱙᱙ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱛᱮᱱᱩᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱰᱮᱢ
ᱛᱮᱱᱩᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱵᱟᱸᱫᱷ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱢᱚᱫᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱴᱤ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ  ᱟᱜ ᱟᱸᱫᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱑᱙᱗᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱢᱚᱫᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱴᱤ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱛᱮᱱᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ
ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ (Pron: /ˈdæmoˌdaː/) ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱟᱛᱩ ᱟᱬᱜᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱩᱱᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱮᱛ, ᱴᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱜᱤ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱰᱩᱝᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱨᱡᱽᱼᱥᱠᱮᱞ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱱᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱟᱹᱦᱤᱞ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱳᱨᱳᱣ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱫᱩᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱫᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱪᱟᱥᱟ ᱡᱟᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱛᱩᱜ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱨᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱾ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱛᱩᱜ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧᱼᱦᱟᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱞᱤᱸᱜᱤᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱰᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱚᱞ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱚᱱᱰᱮ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱤᱝᱜᱩᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ (᱒᱐᱐᱓ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ  ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱚᱡᱽᱨᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱛᱮᱱᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱱᱩ ᱰᱮᱢ
ᱛᱮᱱᱩᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱰᱮᱢ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱱᱩ ᱰᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱳ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱴᱮᱨᱣᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱱᱩᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱚᱜᱽᱨᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱟᱭᱤ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱸᱠᱨᱤᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ
ᱦᱩᱥᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱭᱤ
ᱦᱩᱥᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱩᱥᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱭᱤ ᱑᱙ ᱥᱮᱱᱪᱩᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐ ᱥᱮᱱᱪᱩᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱚᱣᱟᱭᱚᱯᱷ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱩᱢᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱰᱚᱦᱤᱭ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱭᱟᱞ, ᱴᱷᱩᱢᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱯᱯᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧᱤᱡ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱐᱐ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱥᱟᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱥᱲᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱨᱚᱱᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱛᱮᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ, ᱥᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱵᱷᱟᱠᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱰᱚᱦᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱩᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱞᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱨᱮᱨᱤᱛ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱠᱩᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱢᱤᱥᱨᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱨᱟᱝᱜᱤ ᱣᱟᱫᱚᱠ ᱯᱚᱱᱰᱮᱛ ᱥᱚᱸᱵᱷᱩᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱤᱥᱨᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱤᱠᱦᱤᱛ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟᱭ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱚᱯᱯᱟ ᱜᱚᱭᱠᱤ ᱨᱭ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱮ ᱨᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱥ ᱡᱤ ᱦᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱛ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾
ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ
ᱵᱟᱭᱤ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱛᱮᱱᱫᱩ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱥᱪᱚᱬᱝᱽᱨᱚ ᱦᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱠᱟᱞᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱯᱚᱛᱨᱟᱪᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱣᱭᱟ ᱚᱵᱷᱳᱣᱭᱟᱠᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱩᱢᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱩᱢᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱩ ᱛᱚᱨᱟᱝ (ᱥᱟᱨᱢᱟ, ᱒᱐᱑᱒) ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ᱾ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱥᱪᱚᱬᱝᱽᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱭᱫᱮᱵᱽ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱜᱤᱛ ᱜᱚᱣᱤᱱᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱪᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ᱾
ᱯᱚᱞᱤᱴᱤᱠᱚᱞ ᱤᱱᱵᱷᱚᱞᱢᱮᱱᱴ
ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱡᱮ ᱜᱟᱷᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱥᱤ (ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱟᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱨᱮ) ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱭᱛᱤᱞᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱣᱟᱱ (᱑᱙᱒᱐-᱒᱒) ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱛᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟᱭ, ᱵᱟᱭᱤ ᱡᱟᱥᱛᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱱᱫᱚᱞᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱰᱚᱦᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱤᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱪᱷᱟᱲᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱡᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢᱵᱷᱟᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱰᱚᱦᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱮᱞᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱨᱛ ᱥᱮᱠᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱚᱦᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱪᱟᱨᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱱᱫᱚᱞᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱜᱟᱷᱱᱫᱷᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱟᱭᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱚᱴᱨᱤᱱᱫᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱯᱤᱠᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱚᱣᱟᱭᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱠᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾
ᱯᱩᱞᱣᱟᱢᱟ
ᱯᱩᱞᱣᱟᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ (ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱣᱚᱝᱜᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱞᱜᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱢᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱞᱣᱟᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱴᱤᱯᱷᱤᱞᱴ ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱨᱤᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱖ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱯᱩᱞᱣᱟᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘,᱔᱔᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱐,᱐᱗᱐ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱘,᱓᱗᱐ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾. ᱖ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱚᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱓,᱑᱖᱗ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱡᱼᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱑᱗.᱑᱗% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱘᱓᱑ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱢᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱘᱘᱙ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱗᱑᱘ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ; ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱘᱖᱒ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱞᱣᱟᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱙᱑.᱑᱘% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱗.᱑᱖% ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱧᱚᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨᱤ ᱾
ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ
ᱯᱩᱞᱣᱟᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱙᱔.᱕᱙% ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟ ᱱᱟᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱔.᱖᱓% ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱚᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟ ᱱᱟᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱚᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱷ (᱐.᱓᱔%), ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ (᱐.᱑᱗%), ᱵᱚᱫᱷ ᱫᱚ (᱐.᱐᱒%) ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱭᱱ ᱫᱚ (᱐.᱐᱑%) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ;
ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱩᱞᱣᱟᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱩᱞᱣᱟᱢᱟ
ᱥᱚᱵᱤᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱛᱨᱤ
ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ
ᱥᱚᱵᱤᱛᱟ ᱥᱩᱵᱽᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱟᱣᱱ ᱪᱮᱱᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ "ᱥᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱨᱟᱡᱮᱥᱣᱚᱨᱤ ᱱᱟᱴᱭᱚ ᱠᱟᱞᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱫᱤᱨ" ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱞᱤᱝᱜᱚᱢ ᱯᱤᱞᱞᱟᱭ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱱᱟᱴᱭᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱬ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱫᱽᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱮ ᱞᱚᱠᱥᱢᱚᱬ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱱᱚᱧᱡᱚᱭ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱤᱹᱮᱥ ᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱞᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱥ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱱᱮᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾
ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱱᱟᱴᱭᱚᱢ
᱑᱙᱘᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱱᱟᱴᱭᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ 'ᱠᱨᱩᱥᱱᱚ ᱺ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱟᱦᱟᱥᱭᱚᱢᱚᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱥᱟᱨᱴᱷᱚ" ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾
ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱱᱟᱴᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱰᱷᱚᱝ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱰᱱᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱚᱯᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱝᱥ ᱵᱷᱮᱝᱠᱚᱴ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱫᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟᱭ ᱺ "ᱥᱚᱵᱤᱛᱟ ᱦᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ, ᱯᱷᱩᱴᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵ ᱜᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟᱹᱣ ᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱾" "ᱢᱩᱱᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱼᱟ", ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥᱤᱥᱠᱚ ᱮᱛᱷᱱᱤᱠ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱰᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱱᱮᱞᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱱᱟᱴᱭᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱟᱪᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾
ᱯᱮᱨᱟᱜᱩᱣᱟᱭ
ᱯᱮᱨᱟᱜᱩᱣᱟᱭ  ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱛᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ (landlock) ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱯᱮᱨᱟᱜᱩᱣᱟᱭ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱟᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ (ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ; República del Paraguay ᱨᱤᱯᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱫᱮᱞ ᱯᱮᱨᱟᱜᱩᱣᱟᱭ)᱾ ᱯᱮᱨᱟᱜᱩᱣᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ-ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱨᱡᱮᱱᱴᱤᱱᱟ, ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱵᱨᱟᱡᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱵᱚᱞᱤᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱚᱰᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱝ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱩᱱᱥᱤᱭᱚᱱ᱾
ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ
ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱹᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ
ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱡᱤ ᱥᱩᱵᱷᱟᱥ ᱟᱥᱨᱚᱢ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱵᱤᱫᱽᱭᱟᱞᱚᱭ
ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱡᱤ ᱥᱩᱵᱷᱟᱥ ᱟᱥᱨᱚᱢ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱵᱤᱫᱽᱭᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱭᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱙᱘᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱦᱩ ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱱᱰᱟᱨᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱩᱭᱮᱴ ᱠᱳᱨᱥ ᱪᱟᱞ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
ᱢᱟᱹᱱ
ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱢᱟᱹᱧᱡᱩᱨ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ (ᱭᱩ.ᱡᱤ.ᱥᱤ) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾
ᱢᱤᱨᱟᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ
ᱢᱤᱨᱟᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱭᱟᱭᱼᱜᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱨᱟᱴ ᱱᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱵᱷᱟᱹᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱨᱟᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱨᱟᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱒,᱕᱒᱒ ᱪᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ
ᱢᱤᱨᱟᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱟ.ᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱑᱘᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱭᱟᱦᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱚᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱼ ᱜᱷᱟᱡᱷᱤᱭᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ, ᱢᱤᱨᱟᱴ, ᱢᱟᱣᱟᱱᱟ, ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽᱯᱟᱛ, ᱥᱟᱨᱫᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱡᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟᱼ ᱢᱤᱨᱟᱴ, ᱜᱷᱟᱡᱤᱭᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ, ᱦᱟᱯᱩᱨ, ᱵᱟᱜᱽᱯᱟᱛ, ᱢᱩᱡᱟᱯᱷᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ, ᱵᱩᱞᱟᱱᱫᱽ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱣᱛᱟᱢ ᱵᱳᱫᱷ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱾
ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱛ
ᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱭᱮ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱡᱟᱯᱷᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱨ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱩᱞᱟᱱᱫᱽ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱡᱤᱭᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱜᱷᱯᱟᱛ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱝᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱢᱚᱨᱟᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱱᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱾ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱜᱷᱯᱟᱛ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱷᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱦᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱱᱰᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱚᱡᱽ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ, ᱟᱸᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱩᱭ ᱡᱤᱥᱩᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ
ᱢᱤᱨᱟᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱨᱟᱴ-ᱦᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱞᱚᱠ ᱥᱟᱵᱷᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱵᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
᱒᱕ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ, ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ- ᱥᱤᱣᱟᱞᱠᱟᱥ, ᱥᱟᱨᱫᱷᱟᱱᱟ, ᱦᱟᱥᱛᱤᱱᱟᱯᱩᱨ (ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱰᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱥᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ), ᱠᱤᱛᱷᱚᱨᱮ, ᱢᱤᱨᱟᱴᱠᱮᱱᱴᱚᱱᱢᱮᱱᱴ, ᱢᱤᱨᱟᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱢᱤᱨᱟᱴ ᱾
ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ
᱒00᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ, ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱚᱱᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱤᱨᱟᱹᱵᱟᱥ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱖᱕.᱙᱖% ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱖᱔.᱘% ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱡᱟ ᱗᱕.᱓᱖% ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱖.᱖᱖% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱱᱤᱡᱟᱢᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ, ᱛᱮᱞᱮᱝᱜᱟᱱᱟ
ᱱᱤᱡᱟᱢᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱞᱮᱝᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱡᱟᱢᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱡᱟᱢᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱱᱫᱷᱨᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱤᱡᱟᱢᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱱᱫᱷᱨᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱢ, ᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱞᱮᱝᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱖ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱑᱖ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱴᱭᱟᱹᱨ
ᱱᱤᱡᱟᱢᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ "ᱱᱤᱡᱟᱢ" ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱚᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ "ᱱᱤᱡᱟᱢ ᱳᱯᱷ ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ" ᱟᱨ "ᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ" ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ "ᱞᱳᱱᱜᱽ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱵᱽ" ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱠᱟᱼᱚᱠᱟ ᱡᱷᱚᱦ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ "ᱱᱤᱡᱟᱢ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ" ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱓ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, ᱱᱤᱡᱟᱢᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ, ᱱᱤᱡᱟᱢᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱡᱟᱢᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱡᱟᱢᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱫᱮᱦᱟᱛ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱟᱢᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱫᱮᱦᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱡᱟᱢᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱔᱒.᱙ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱖.᱖ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱵᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱱᱤᱡᱟᱢᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱡᱟᱢᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱱᱰᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱯᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ
᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱤᱡᱟᱢᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱑᱑,᱑᱕᱒ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱔᱙ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱑ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱱᱤᱡᱟᱢᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱘.᱕᱒ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱗᱔.᱐᱔ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ; ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱘᱕.᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱒.᱐᱒ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱡᱟᱢᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ, ᱑᱓ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱮᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱞᱮᱜᱩ (᱕᱓.᱘%) ᱟᱨ ᱩᱨᱫᱩ (᱓᱗.᱖%) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱔.᱒% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱮᱫ ᱾
ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ
ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱮ ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱔᱔ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱣᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱔᱖᱐ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱒᱙᱐ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱖᱓, ᱱᱤᱡᱟᱢᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱱᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱜᱽᱫᱚᱞᱯᱩᱨ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱗᱗᱒ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱔᱘᱐ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱜᱩᱴ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱭᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮ ᱓᱘᱗ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱒᱔᱐ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱓᱘᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱒᱓᱙ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱮᱞᱮᱝᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ( Telangana State Road Transport Corporation) ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱟᱢᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱫᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱰᱤᱯᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ
ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱛᱮᱞᱮᱝᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱛᱮᱞᱮᱝᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ
ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱸᱫᱽᱼᱤᱣᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱡᱽ ᱴᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱢᱟᱸᱥ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱩᱨᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱔᱐ ᱠᱚᱨᱚᱲ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱚᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱺ- ᱥᱯᱮᱱ, ᱟᱨᱡᱮᱱᱴᱤᱱᱟ, ᱪᱤᱞᱤ, ᱵᱚᱞᱤᱵᱤᱭᱟ, ᱯᱟᱱᱟᱢᱟ, ᱯᱚᱨᱟᱜᱩᱭ, ᱯᱮᱨᱩ, ᱢᱮᱠᱥᱤᱠᱚ, ᱠᱚᱥᱴᱟᱨᱤᱠᱟ, ᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱵᱟᱰᱚᱨ, ᱠᱭᱩᱵᱟ, ᱩᱨᱩᱜᱩᱭᱮ, ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱡᱩᱭᱮᱞ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱾
ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱖ ᱠᱚᱨᱚᱲ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱫᱮᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒ ᱠᱚᱨᱚᱲ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱣᱟᱹ ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱰᱮᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱮᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟᱭ ᱾
ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱭᱩᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱯᱷ᱾ᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱫᱮᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱜᱩᱶᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱑ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ
ᱥᱯᱮᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱮᱫ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ, ᱠᱚᱥᱴᱮᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱯᱟᱱᱚᱭᱮᱞ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ
ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱤᱥᱴ ᱞᱟᱴᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱰᱚᱠ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱑᱐ BC ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱤᱵᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥᱩᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱾ ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱲᱦᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱶ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱴᱚᱞᱮᱰᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱔᱒ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱞᱤᱭᱚ ᱟᱱᱴᱚᱱᱤᱭᱚ ᱰᱤ ᱱᱮᱵᱽᱨᱤᱡᱟ, ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱠᱟ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱢᱚᱰᱚᱨᱱ ᱤᱶᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱖ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱤᱸᱰᱤᱡᱽ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾
ᱠᱚᱱᱭᱟᱫᱟᱱ
ᱚᱨᱩᱬ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤᱼᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱪᱤᱛᱟ.ᱨ ᱠᱚᱱᱭᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱘᱘ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱤᱞᱤᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ । ᱚᱨᱩᱬ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱪᱤᱛᱟ.ᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱥᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱚ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ।
ᱠᱚᱲᱟᱠᱟᱨ
ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱪᱤᱛᱟ.ᱨ 'ᱠᱚᱱᱭᱟᱫᱟᱱ' ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱲᱟᱠᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱺ
ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱭᱟ
ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱩᱱᱟᱪᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱯᱩᱢ ᱯᱟᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱭᱩᱯᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱤᱴᱟᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱚᱛ ᱯᱚᱨᱟᱭᱱᱤ
ᱚᱛ ᱯᱚᱨᱟᱭᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱬᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱭᱳᱜᱽᱞᱚᱥᱚᱢ ᱵᱷᱩᱞᱜᱟᱴᱚᱢ (Ophioglossum vulgatum) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱷᱤᱭᱳᱜᱽᱞᱚᱥᱮᱥᱮ (Ophioglossaceae) ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱯᱷᱤᱭᱳᱜᱽᱞᱚᱥᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾
ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ
ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱴᱨᱚᱯᱤᱠ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱣᱨᱚᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ, ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱡᱚᱢᱤ, ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱥ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱵᱤᱵᱨᱚᱬ
ᱚᱛ ᱯᱚᱨᱟᱭᱬᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱐-᱒᱐ cm (ᱠᱷᱩᱵ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱓᱐ cm) ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱬᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱞ ᱦᱤᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱯᱚᱴᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱱᱦᱟ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱯᱷᱮᱱᱴᱚᱲ ᱥᱯᱟᱭᱤᱠ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱯᱟᱭᱤᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱔᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱠᱚᱢᱛᱤ
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱭᱩᱨᱚᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱛᱤ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱭᱩᱠᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱘᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱞᱚᱠᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ: ᱑᱕᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱑᱙᱘᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱘᱐ ᱼ ᱑᱒᱐, ᱑᱙᱘᱐ ᱼ ᱘ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ
ᱭᱩᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱴᱨᱟᱰᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱞᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱜᱷᱟᱣ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱟᱱᱚᱜ ᱵᱤᱱᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ "ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱ ᱚᱭᱮᱞ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱪᱟᱨᱤᱴᱤ" ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱯᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱚᱞᱠ ᱨᱟᱱᱚᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱜᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱡᱷᱚᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱾
ᱴᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱᱚᱢᱤ
ᱞᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱑᱗᱕᱓ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱯᱤᱥᱤᱥ ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱭᱱᱚᱢᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱭᱳᱜᱽᱞᱚᱥᱢ ᱵᱩᱞᱜᱟᱴᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱰᱟᱨᱥᱼᱴᱚᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾
ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ
ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱫᱟᱨᱮ
ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ
ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱵᱚᱶᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ-ᱪᱩᱢᱵᱚᱠ ᱛᱚᱨᱚᱝᱜᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ-ᱪᱩᱢᱵᱚᱠ ᱛᱚᱨᱚᱝᱜᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱧᱤᱸᱫᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱛᱚᱨᱚᱝᱜᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱛ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱱ ᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱛᱤ
ᱪᱷᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱷᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱭᱟ ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱒᱙᱙,᱗᱙᱒,᱔᱕᱘ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱟ ᱑᱘᱖,᱒᱘᱒ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱧ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱘ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱴ ᱚᱠᱛᱚᱭ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱶᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱸᱪ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱛᱤ "ᱵᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱭᱟᱝ"(᱒/᱓) ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱫᱷᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱢᱩᱞ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱩᱢᱩᱞ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱸᱪ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱩᱢᱩᱞ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱵᱟᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱢᱩᱞ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ/ᱯᱷᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱵᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱷᱟ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱵᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱵᱚ ᱧᱮᱧᱟᱢᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱵᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱮ ᱟᱲᱟᱜᱮᱫ/ᱯᱟᱹᱥᱤᱨ ᱨᱩᱶᱟᱲᱮᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱵᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹ - ᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱹᱠᱤᱡ ᱨᱩᱶᱟᱲᱟ ᱾
ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱰᱷᱮᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱯ
ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱞᱤᱧᱡᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱤᱧᱡᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱶ ᱵᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱰᱷᱮᱶ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱡᱟᱠ ᱱᱤᱣᱴᱚᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱶ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱱᱤᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱶ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱹᱠᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱥᱤᱨ ᱨᱩᱶᱟᱲᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱸᱪ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱡᱷᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱲᱵᱩᱝᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱣᱴᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱶ ᱰᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱫ ᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱛᱯᱩᱨᱩᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱽ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱣᱴᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱚᱯᱴᱤᱠᱥ (Optics) ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱣᱴᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱨᱤᱥᱴᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱭᱡᱮᱱᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮᱭ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ  ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ Do ᱰᱷᱮᱶ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱪᱮ ᱤᱛᱷᱚᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱤᱧᱡᱤᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱱᱤᱣᱴᱚᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱷᱚᱢᱟᱥ ᱭᱚᱝ (Thomas young) ᱱᱤᱡᱚᱨᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱛ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱱ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ (Double slit) ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱰ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱢᱟᱬ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱰᱷᱮᱶ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱚᱨᱚᱡᱤᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱦᱩ
ᱥᱚᱨᱚᱡᱤᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱦᱩ (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ: ᱔ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱙᱕᱖) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱫᱤ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟ, ᱫᱟ ᱱᱤᱣ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱱᱰᱮᱞ ᱯᱟᱛᱷᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱒᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱱ ᱚᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ (Exceptional) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱮᱠᱟᱫᱮᱢᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾
ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ
ᱥᱟᱦᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱰᱷᱮᱝᱠᱟᱱᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ.ᱮ. ᱟᱨ ᱯᱤ.ᱮᱭᱤᱪ.ᱰᱤ. ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱠᱚᱲ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱪᱟᱞᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱥᱩᱜᱩᱰᱟ, ᱵᱮᱞᱯᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾
ᱥᱚᱨᱚᱡᱤᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱦᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱥᱣᱚᱨ ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱥᱟᱦᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱱᱟᱞᱤᱱᱤ ᱫᱮᱵᱷᱤ ᱛᱟᱹᱠᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱜᱚᱫᱤᱥ ᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱜᱟᱢᱟᱢ
ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱢᱟᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱵᱷᱤᱨᱤ‌ ᱜᱷᱚᱨᱚ ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱢᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱫᱤ ᱧᱮᱱᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱟᱹᱣ (sexual frankness) ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟ ᱰᱟᱨᱠ ᱮᱵᱳᱨᱰ (᱒᱐᱐᱘) (ISBN 978-81-906956-2-6) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱛᱷᱭᱮ ᱜᱮᱹᱨᱳᱥᱛᱷᱟᱞᱤ (᱒᱐᱐᱗) (ISBN 984 404 287-9) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱤᱞᱟ ᱠᱮ.ᱯᱤ. ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱟᱢᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱠᱳᱰᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱩᱣᱚᱱᱚᱱᱛᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱷᱟ ᱯᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱴᱤᱱ ᱯᱷᱩᱪᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱱᱮᱥ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱞᱤ ᱮ ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱢᱟᱢ ᱯᱚᱠᱷᱤᱵᱟᱥ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱨᱮ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱟᱢᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱱᱮᱥ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱞᱤ ᱮ ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱭᱟᱥ ᱯᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ (ISBN 81-89537-45-8) ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱤᱱᱮᱥ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱞᱤ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱟᱢᱟᱢ बंद कमरा ᱟᱨ विशादेश्वरी ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱥᱚᱱᱥ, ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱭᱟᱥ ᱯᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ
ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ
ᱵᱩᱠᱟᱹ
ᱵᱩᱠᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱸᱱᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱹᱜᱽᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱜᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱜᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱤᱫᱨᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱧᱩᱭ ᱟᱛᱟᱝᱟᱸ᱾ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚᱠᱚ ᱜᱮᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱸᱪ ᱟᱹᱪᱩᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱮᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚᱠᱚ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ-ᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱡᱩᱜ ᱵᱩᱨᱩᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡᱽ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟ ᱟᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱩᱠᱟᱹ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱸ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱡᱽᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭᱮ ᱜᱟᱲᱦᱟᱸᱜᱼᱟ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ᱾
ᱵᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ
ᱤᱝᱨᱮᱡᱤ ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱠᱮᱞ ᱜᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟᱹ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱟᱵᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾
Structure
The umbilicus is used to visually separate the abdomen into quadrants.
The umbilicus is a prominent scar on the abdomen, with its position being relatively consistent among humans. The skin around the waist at the level of the umbilicus is supplied by the tenth thoracic spinal nerve (T10 dermatome). The umbilicus itself typically lies at a vertical level corresponding to the junction between the L3 and L4 vertebrae, with a normal variation among people between the L3 and L5 vertebrae.
Parts of the adult navel include the "umbilical cord remnant" or "umbilical tip", which is the often protruding scar left by the detachment of the umbilical cord. This is located in the center of the navel, sometimes described as the belly button. Around the cord remnant, is the "umbilical collar", formed by the dense fibrous umbilical ring. Surrounding the umbilical collar is the periumbilical skin. Directly behind the navel is a thick fibrous cord formed from the umbilical cord, called the urachus, which originates from the bladder.
Forms
The navel is unique to each individual due to its being a scar, and various general forms have been classified by medical practitioners.
Disorders
Outies are sometimes mistaken for umbilical hernias; however, they are a completely different shape with no health concern, unlike an umbilical hernia. The navel (specifically abdominal wall) would be considered an umbilical hernia if the protrusion were 5 centimeters or more. The diameter of an umbilical hernia is usually 1/2 inch or more. Navels that are concave are nicknamed "innies". While the shape of the human navel may be affected by longterm changes to diet and exercise, unexpected change in shape may be the result of ascites.
In addition to change in shape being a possible side effect from ascites and umbilical hernias, the navel can be involved in umbilical sinus or fistula, which in rare cases can lead to menstrual or fecal discharge from the navel. Menstrual discharge from the umbilicus is a rare disorder associated with umbilical endometriosis.
Surgery
To minimize scarring, the navel is a recommended site of incision for various surgeries, including transgastric appendicectomy, gall bladder surgery, and the umbilicoplasty procedure itself.
Fashion, society and culture
The public exposure of the male and female midriff and bare navel was considered taboo at times in the past in Western cultures, being considered immodest or indecent. Female navel exposure was banned in some jurisdictions, but community perceptions have changed to this now being acceptable. The crop top is a shirt that often exposes the belly button and has become more common among young men and women. Exposure of the male navel has rarely been stigmatised and has become particularly popular in recent years, due to the strong resurgence of the male crop top and male navel piercing. The navel and midriff are often also displayed in bikinis, or when low-rise pants are worn.
While the West was relatively resistant to navel-baring clothing until the 1980s, it has long been a fashion with Indian women, often displayed with Saris or Lehengas.
The Japanese have long had a special regard for the navel. During the early Jōmon period in northern Japan, three small balls indicating the breasts and navel were pasted onto flat clay objects to represent the female body. The navel was exaggerated in size, informed by the belief that the navel symbolized the center where life began.
In Arabic-Levantine culture, belly dancing is a popular art form that consists of dance movements focused on the torso and navel.
Buddhism refers to the chakra of the navel as the manipura. In qigong, the navel is seen as the main energy centre, or dantian. In Hinduism, the Kundalini energy is sometimes described as being located at the navel.
ᱯᱚᱴᱟᱥᱯᱩᱨ ᱒ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ
ᱯᱚᱴᱟᱥᱯᱩᱨ ᱒ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱫᱤᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱟᱯᱫᱤᱜᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ
ᱯᱚᱴᱟᱥᱯᱩᱨ ᱒ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱯᱟᱸᱪᱟᱭᱟᱛ ᱚᱨᱜᱳᱞ 21.96667°N, 87.63335°W ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱯᱚᱴᱟᱥᱯᱩᱨ ᱒ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱴᱟᱥᱯᱩᱨ ᱑ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱚᱜᱽᱵᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱒ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱑ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱢᱮᱫᱤᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱸᱛᱚᱱ ᱒ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱷᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱛᱚᱢᱞᱩᱠ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱘ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱯᱚᱴᱟᱥᱯᱩᱨ ᱒ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱑.᱗᱔ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ᱒ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱯᱟᱸᱪᱟᱭᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱛᱤ, ᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱸᱪᱟᱭᱟᱛ, ᱑᱒᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱚᱫᱽ (ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱤ), ᱑᱕᱑ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱣᱡᱟ, ᱑᱔᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱴᱟᱥᱯᱩᱨ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾
ᱯᱚᱴᱟᱥᱯᱩᱨ ᱒ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ/ᱯᱟᱸᱪᱟᱭᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱸᱪᱟᱭᱟᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: ᱚᱨᱜᱳᱞ, ᱠᱷᱟᱨ, ᱢᱚᱛᱷᱩᱨᱟ, ᱯᱟᱸᱪᱮᱛ, ᱯᱚᱴᱟᱥᱯᱩᱨ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱨᱤᱨᱟᱢᱯᱩᱨ ᱾