cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
ᱵᱚᱲᱡᱳᱲᱟ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ
ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ
ᱵᱚᱲᱡᱳᱲᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ (᱔,᱐᱐᱐+ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱟᱜ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ (᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ): ᱢᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱟ (᱗,᱙᱑᱘), ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱯᱩᱨ (᱔,᱔᱕᱐), ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ (᱕,᱒᱐᱑) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱛᱞᱥᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ (᱔,᱕᱐᱕) ᱾
ᱵᱚᱳᱡᱳᱲᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ (᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ): ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱚᱨ (᱑,᱗᱗᱖), ᱯᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱᱱᱟ (᱓,᱕᱘᱘), ᱥᱚᱨᱡᱚᱲᱟ (᱓,᱘᱖᱒), ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱨᱟᱨᱤ (᱒,᱐᱕᱒) ᱟᱨ ᱵᱨᱤᱱᱫᱟᱵᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ (᱑,᱐᱓᱑) ᱾
ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ
᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱵᱚᱲᱡᱳᱲᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒᱘,᱔᱔᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ (᱗᱑.᱖᱗%) ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱗᱔,᱕᱕᱑ (᱘᱑.᱐᱑%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱕᱓,᱘᱙᱒ (᱖᱑.᱘᱑%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ (ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ) ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙.᱒᱐% ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ
᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ, ᱙᱘.᱔᱑% ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ, ᱑.᱒᱔% ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾
ᱦᱮᱡ ᱥᱮᱱ
ᱵᱟᱸᱠᱩᱲᱟ-ᱢᱟᱥᱟᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱸᱠᱩᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱥᱟᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱮᱢᱩ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱴᱳᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱘ (ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱰᱤᱦ (ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱚᱡᱷᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ (ᱱᱟᱫᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ) ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱙ (ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ) ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱨᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ (ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱭᱟᱜᱨᱟᱢ (ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ) ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ
᱒᱐᱑᱓-᱑᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱚᱲᱡᱳᱲᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱑,᱙᱕᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ, ᱓᱑ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱱᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱓,᱖᱒᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ, ᱑᱑ ᱩᱱᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱗,᱙᱒᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ, ᱑᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱩᱱᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱑,᱓᱗᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱵᱚᱲᱡᱳᱲᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱑᱘᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱓᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱓᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱔᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱛᱟᱱᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱛᱟᱱᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱡᱟᱢᱤᱱᱤ ᱨᱚᱭ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱘᱖ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱴᱳᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾
ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ
᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱚᱲᱡᱳᱲᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱫᱮᱦᱟᱛ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ, ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱱᱤᱡᱮ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱖᱓ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱓᱖ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱬ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱬ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱵᱚᱲᱡᱳᱲᱟ ᱫᱮᱦᱟᱛ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ, ᱵᱚᱲᱡᱳᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱐ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱲᱡᱳᱲᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱴᱳᱨ (᱑᱐ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱟᱜ), ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱚᱨ (᱔ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱟᱜ), ᱜᱳᱫᱟᱨᱰᱤᱦᱟ (ᱡᱚᱜᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷᱯᱩᱨ) (᱔ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱟᱜ) ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱᱱᱟ (᱑᱐ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱟᱜ) ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱵᱮᱢᱮᱛᱚᱨᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ
ᱵᱮᱢᱮᱛᱚᱨᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱓ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱚᱢᱚᱬ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱩᱰᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱥᱨᱩᱛᱩ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱸᱰᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ (Collector) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱟᱡᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱴ (Magistrate) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱥᱚᱵᱽ-ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ : ᱵᱮᱢᱮᱛᱚᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ (Saja) ᱾
ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ
ᱵᱮᱢᱮᱛᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱥᱵᱟᱥ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱘᱐% ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱥᱵᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱑᱐ % ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱟᱹᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ, ᱯᱟᱴᱟᱱ,PWD ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱚᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ (FCI) ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱐% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱳ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱷᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱴᱷᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱩᱛ ᱥᱟᱺᱦᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱱᱤᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞᱤᱴᱤ (municipality) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱕ ᱠᱚᱨᱚᱲ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱢᱴᱟᱣ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ
ᱵᱮᱢᱮᱛᱚᱨᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫ ᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱛᱚᱦᱥᱤᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱶᱟᱜᱟᱲ, ᱵᱮᱢᱮᱛᱚᱨᱟ, ᱥᱟᱡᱟ, ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱢᱦᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱵᱮᱨᱞᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ
ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ
ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱸᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ (᱖᱔᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ) ᱜᱮᱞ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱠᱚᱴᱚᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱷᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱥᱤᱞᱯᱤᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ । ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱑᱑᱑ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ (᱓᱔ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ) ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱣᱟ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱞ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ, ᱵᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱡᱷᱤᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱦ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱸᱧᱮᱼᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱦᱚᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱫᱩᱨᱜᱽ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱣᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱭᱥᱤᱝ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱥᱟᱞᱟ, ᱡᱚᱱᱛᱚᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱚᱨ, ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ
ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱰᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱭᱚᱡᱱᱟ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱮᱢᱯᱞᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱨᱟᱱᱜᱮᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱭᱟᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱪᱤᱴᱮᱠ ᱵᱷᱤᱫᱽᱭᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱴᱟᱪᱟᱨᱭ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱚᱥ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱪᱷᱣᱟᱦᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱠ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑,᱓᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱓,᱓᱔,᱓᱑᱙ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱩᱫᱷᱚᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ, ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱢᱟᱨᱢᱟᱨ, ᱞᱩᱜᱽᱲᱤ ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ, ᱦᱟᱱᱰᱼᱟᱨᱴ, ᱧᱮᱞ ᱡᱚᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ, ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱟᱵᱼᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ:
ᱯᱚᱸᱪᱚᱭᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱛᱤ (ᱵᱞᱚᱠ)
ᱛᱟᱦᱥᱤᱞ
ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ
᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱖,᱖᱖᱓,᱙᱗᱑ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱞᱤᱵᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱣᱟᱥᱤᱸᱜᱴᱚᱱ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ (ᱜᱩᱴ ᱖᱔᱐) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱸᱠᱤᱝ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱕᱙᱘ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱨᱟ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑,᱕᱕᱐ ᱫᱚᱦᱨᱟ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱒᱐᱐᱑-᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱒᱖.᱙᱑% ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱑᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱙᱐᱙ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱗᱖.᱔᱔% ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ, ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱙᱔.᱗᱕% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ, ᱒.᱗᱔% ᱩᱨᱫᱩ, ᱑.᱒᱑% ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱤ, ᱐.᱔᱒ ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱐.᱔᱑% ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱮᱭᱟ ᱾
ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ
ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ  ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ
ᱢᱩᱨᱥᱤᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ
ᱢᱩᱨᱥᱤᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱽᱞᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱯᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱨᱚᱢᱯᱩᱨ ᱱᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱱᱤᱭᱟ. ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱵᱷᱟ.ᱴᱤᱭᱟ. ᱴᱷᱟ.ᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱩᱨᱥᱤᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱞᱫᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱮᱱ ᱦᱟ.ᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱤᱨᱚᱛᱷᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱕,᱓᱔᱑ ᱪᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ : ᱗,᱑᱐᱓,᱘᱐᱗ ᱡᱚᱱᱟ, ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ᱾
ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱝᱜᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱧᱡᱟᱭᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱲᱟ ᱖᱖% ᱦᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱨᱮᱡ ᱓᱓.᱒᱑% ᱦᱩᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱧᱡᱟᱭᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱭᱟ. ᱢᱩᱨᱥᱤᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱩᱛᱟ.ᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾
ᱠᱟ.ᱣᱰᱤ ᱟ.ᱨᱤ
᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱧᱪᱟᱪᱚᱛ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱟᱱᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱕0 ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱨᱥᱤᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱢᱤᱞᱟ.ᱣ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱢᱩᱴ ᱖᱔᱐ ᱡᱤᱞᱟ. ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ । ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱟᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱽ ᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ Backward Region Grant Fund Programme (BRGF) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟ.ᱣᱰᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱟ।
ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ
᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱩᱨᱥᱤᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱗,᱑᱐᱓,᱘᱐᱖ ᱡᱚᱱᱟ, ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱦᱤᱥᱟ.ᱵᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱵᱩᱞᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱟ.ᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱣᱟᱥᱤᱝᱴᱚᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱩᱱᱟ.ᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟ. ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱖᱔᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱙ ᱮᱞᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟ.ᱣᱠᱟ. ᱠᱤᱞᱚ ᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑,᱓᱓᱔ ᱡᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱤᱨᱟ.ᱵᱟᱥ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢᱮᱱ ᱜᱮ-ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ - ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱦᱟ.ᱵᱤᱡ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟ.ᱰᱚᱜ ᱦᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱒᱑.᱐᱗%᱾ ᱢᱩᱨᱥᱤᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ- ᱥᱟᱭ ᱦᱮᱨᱮᱞ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱙᱕᱗ ᱡᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱭᱡᱤᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱖᱗.᱕᱓%᱾
ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ
ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱛ
ᱞᱤ ᱥᱤᱭᱮᱱ ᱞᱩᱝ
ᱞᱤ ᱥᱤᱭᱮᱱ ᱞᱩᱝ (ᱤᱝᱨᱟᱹᱡᱤᱺ Lee Hsien Loong; ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱺ লি সিয়েন লুং, ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢᱺ ᱑᱐ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ, ᱑᱙᱕᱒) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲ ᱨᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ| ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱤᱯᱚᱞᱥ ᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ (PAP) ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱯᱨᱤᱢᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱝ ᱢᱚ ᱠᱤᱭᱚ ᱡᱤᱹᱟᱨᱹᱥᱤᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱝᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮᱭᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ| ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱜᱚᱦ ᱪᱚᱠ ᱴᱚᱝᱜᱽ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤᱭᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮᱭᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ|
ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ
ᱞᱤ ᱥᱤᱭᱮᱱ ᱞᱩᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱐ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱙᱕᱒ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱹᱮᱠᱮᱹ ᱢᱟᱭᱡᱤᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ| ᱩᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱯᱟᱛ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱤ ᱠᱩᱣᱟᱱ ᱭᱩ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱝᱜᱟᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱣᱟ ᱡᱽᱭᱚᱠ ᱞᱩ ᱪᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ| ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱞᱤ ᱠᱩᱣᱟᱝ ᱭᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱦᱤᱞ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤᱭᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ| ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱦᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱩᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ-ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ| ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱸᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱵᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ| ᱩᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱵᱩᱰᱤ, ᱪᱩᱣᱟ ᱡᱤᱢ ᱱᱤᱭᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱱᱭᱚᱱᱭᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱯᱲᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱚᱝᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ| ᱞᱤ ᱠᱩᱣᱟᱝ ᱭᱮᱣ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ, ᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱣᱤ ᱞᱤᱯᱤᱭᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱜᱮ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱛᱷᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ, ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱥᱚᱝᱜᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱰᱟᱹᱱᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ|
ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ
᱑᱒ ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱞᱤ ᱥᱤᱭᱮᱱ ᱞᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱜᱚᱦ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱮ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱭᱤᱠ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ| ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱤᱠ ᱵᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱨᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ| ᱞᱤ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱥᱚᱞᱦᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱮᱱᱢ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱦᱩᱰᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟᱹᱣ ᱚᱴᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱦ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱥᱚᱞᱦᱟᱭᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ|
ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ
ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱡᱱᱮᱛᱟ
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱤᱥᱴᱤ
ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ (citizen) ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱤᱥᱴᱤ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱾ {{legend|#E6E6AA|Denotes Vice-President acting as President}}
ᱥᱚᱭᱞᱚᱡᱟᱱᱚᱱᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟᱜ
ᱯᱩᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱢᱤᱫᱱᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱡᱮᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱛᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱜᱚᱵᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ, ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱢ ᱜᱷᱩᱴᱩ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ, ᱑᱙᱔᱗ ᱥᱟᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱒᱔ ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱯᱟᱛ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱥᱩᱵᱚᱞ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱠᱽᱱᱤ ᱾
ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱱ
ᱵᱤᱥᱱᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱟᱢᱟ ᱱᱚᱱᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱖᱖ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ B.Sc ᱯᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱚᱯᱚᱥᱤᱞᱤ ᱡᱟ.ᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟ.ᱫᱤᱵᱤᱥᱤ ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱟ.ᱭ ᱰᱤᱯᱟᱨᱰ ᱢᱤᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱯᱲᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ I 2002 ᱥᱟ.ᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟ.ᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱤᱨᱟ.ᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱡᱮᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱥᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱨᱟ.ᱵᱟᱥᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ I ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟ.ᱢᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱤᱨᱟ.ᱣ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱪᱟᱨᱪᱟᱣ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ I " ᱥᱟ.ᱜᱩᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ " ᱯᱟᱛᱷᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟ.ᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ I ᱟᱡᱟᱜ " ᱠᱷᱮᱣᱟᱡᱷᱟ.ᱲᱤ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ " ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱱᱚᱲᱦᱮ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤᱭ ᱩᱪᱷᱟ.ᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ 2004 ᱥᱟ.ᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ I
ᱱᱚᱵᱤᱱ ᱵᱮᱥᱨᱟ
ᱯᱩᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱠᱩᱲᱟᱸ ᱡᱮᱞᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱰᱳᱥᱚᱞ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱠ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱮᱝᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱠᱟᱹ ᱛᱚᱯᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱾ ᱟᱯᱟᱛ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱯᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱵᱮᱥᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱠᱩᱞᱢᱚᱱᱤ ᱛᱟᱠᱤᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱛᱚᱢ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱝᱨᱟᱡᱤ ᱑᱙᱕᱕ ᱥᱟᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱑᱕ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱩᱯᱷᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱟ ᱾
ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ
ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱚᱢᱤᱠ ᱦᱟᱵᱤᱡ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱦᱤᱢ ᱫᱚᱥᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱪᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱦᱤᱞ ᱵᱟᱠᱩᱞ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱬᱮ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱚᱞ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱟᱫᱚᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱛᱮ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟᱭ ᱟᱹᱫᱟ ᱥᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱪᱟᱨᱪᱟᱣ ᱦᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟᱹᱣ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱞ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ ᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱵᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱯᱩᱨᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱯᱩᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱢ ᱧᱩᱢᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱜᱮᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱤᱫᱩᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱭ ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱘᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱯᱩᱪᱷᱤ "ᱜᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ" ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱩ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ (᱑) ᱜᱟᱞᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ (᱒) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱚᱝᱵᱟᱫᱽ (᱓) ᱯᱩᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ (᱔) ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱛᱷᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱜᱩ ᱟᱞᱟᱫᱟ ᱾
ᱵᱚᱭᱤᱥᱟᱞᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ
ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱒᱐᱑᱕-᱑᱖ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱥᱯᱷᱚᱨᱰ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮᱮᱞᱥᱤ ᱮᱥᱳᱥᱤᱭᱮᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱜᱽᱞᱚᱵᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱮᱞᱳ ᱾
ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ
ᱵᱚᱭᱥᱟᱞᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ, ᱑᱙᱙᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴ, ᱚᱱᱚᱲᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱱᱥᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱵᱤᱱᱳᱫᱽ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ, ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱪᱩᱴ ᱳᱯᱷ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱳᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱠᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾
ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱽᱞᱤᱰ ᱥᱮᱭᱠᱨᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴᱳ ᱩᱱᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮ ᱟᱭ. ᱟᱭ. ᱴᱤ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ, ᱵᱷᱩᱵᱽᱱᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱰᱤ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ, ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱱᱮᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ-ᱟ ᱾
ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱣᱠᱞᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱰᱤᱯᱞᱚᱢᱮᱥᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱳᱫᱷ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱥᱯᱷᱚᱨᱰ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱚᱨ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤᱭ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ-ᱟ ᱾
ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ
ᱵᱚᱭᱤᱥᱟᱞᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱤ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱥᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱪᱮᱛ ᱯᱚᱫᱽᱢᱚ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱜᱚᱝᱜᱟᱫᱷᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱤ ᱢᱟᱪᱮᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱤᱭᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱯᱚᱫᱽᱢᱚ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱤᱴᱤᱥᱴᱤᱠ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱤᱭᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱥᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱛᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱢᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱤ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱚᱨ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤᱭ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ-ᱟ ᱾
ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱚᱨᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ "ᱵᱚᱭᱤᱥᱟᱞᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ" ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱜᱮᱢᱚᱬ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱾
ᱫᱟᱨᱚᱡᱤ ᱤᱨᱳᱢᱟ
ᱫᱟᱨᱳᱡᱤ ᱤᱨᱳᱢᱟ  ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱩᱨᱨᱟᱠᱚᱛᱷᱟ ᱤᱨᱟᱢᱢᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱱᱟᱝ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ (᱑᱙᱓᱐-᱑᱒ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱑᱔) ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱨᱨᱟᱠᱚᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱰᱚᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱣᱚᱛᱥᱚᱣᱚ ᱨᱮᱠᱚᱢᱮᱱᱰᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱦᱟᱞᱟᱝ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱᱤ
ᱤᱨᱚᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱓᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱫᱷ ᱜᱩᱢᱚᱸᱛᱩ ᱵᱩᱜᱟᱜᱟ ᱡᱚᱱᱜᱟᱢᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱩᱥᱩᱪᱤᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱚᱱᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱞᱟᱞᱚᱯᱯᱟ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱨᱨᱟᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱰᱚᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱚᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱨᱩᱠ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱑᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝᱚᱦᱬᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱠᱟᱵᱽᱭᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱟᱹᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱗,᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱦᱬᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨᱨᱟᱢᱟ, ᱵᱟᱵᱩᱞᱤ ᱱᱟᱜᱤᱨᱮᱰᱰᱤ, ᱵᱟᱞᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱢᱢᱟ, ᱡᱚᱭᱥᱤᱝ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱚᱦᱬᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱞᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚᱵᱚᱨᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱵᱽᱭᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾
Recognition
ᱫᱟᱨᱚᱡᱤ ᱤᱨᱚᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚᱛᱥᱚᱣᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱚᱥᱛᱤ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱰᱨᱹ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽ ᱟᱢᱵᱮᱫᱽᱠᱚᱨ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱪᱟᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱰᱚᱦᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱓ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱸᱰᱚᱥᱟ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ ᱮᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱦᱟᱞᱟᱝ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱢ ᱯᱚᱲᱯᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱫᱟᱹ, ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱰ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ, ᱦᱚᱢᱯᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱒᱐᱐᱓ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱫᱳᱡᱟ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱦᱟᱞᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱟᱰᱚᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱦᱟᱞᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱱᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱾
ᱦᱮᱢᱚᱱᱛᱚ ᱦᱮᱢᱵᱨᱚᱢ
ᱦᱮᱢᱚᱱᱛᱚ ᱦᱮᱢᱵᱨᱚᱢ: ᱯᱩᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱡᱤᱞᱟ. ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱭᱢᱟ ᱟᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ 1957 ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ I ᱯᱩᱪᱶᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱞ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟ.ᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱩᱛᱟ.ᱨ ᱪᱟᱫᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟ. ᱯᱟᱛᱷᱟᱢ " ᱥᱤᱠᱟ.ᱨ ᱥᱟᱠᱣᱟ " ᱡᱩᱜ ᱡᱟᱨᱯᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱵᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ I ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨᱥᱟ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱤᱱᱤᱠᱮᱛᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ I
ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱝ ᱫᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱭᱩᱣ, ᱫᱟᱫᱨᱟ-ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱦᱟᱵᱷᱮᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ  ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ  ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱭᱚ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ᱾ ᱔ ᱠᱳᱴᱤ ᱙ ᱞᱟᱠᱷ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ-ᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ (ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ, ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ, ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ,ᱩᱜᱟᱱᱰᱟ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ,ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ, ᱪᱤᱱ, ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ, ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ,ᱵᱟᱦᱚᱨᱟᱭᱤᱱ, ᱱᱤᱭᱩᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ) ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱛᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱦᱚᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱡᱤᱱᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱹᱠᱤᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱚ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱠᱤᱱᱟ ।
ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ
ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ
ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮᱼᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱞᱯᱮᱴᱴᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱭᱥᱩᱨ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱱᱴᱤᱱᱭᱩᱚᱴᱤ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚᱠᱠᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱗᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱑᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ, ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱨᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱡᱷᱤᱠᱚᱰ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒,᱓᱓᱙ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱣᱟᱣᱩᱞ, ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱘᱐ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱡᱷᱤᱠᱚᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱮᱪᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱒ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱘᱘᱕.᱙᱒ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱼ ᱠᱚᱞᱯᱮᱴᱴᱟ, ᱢᱚᱱᱚᱝᱛᱷᱟᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱛᱷᱮᱨᱤ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱥᱣᱟᱫᱮᱥᱤ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱵᱤᱱᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱟᱵᱮᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱸᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾  ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱨᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱲᱥᱤ ᱱᱤᱞᱟᱝᱵᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ (ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱨᱟᱱᱟᱰ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ) ᱨᱮ ᱪᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱴᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ, ᱯᱨᱟᱠᱨᱤᱛᱤᱠ ᱥᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱱᱤᱞᱜᱤᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱭᱚᱥᱯᱷᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱨᱤᱡᱚᱨᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱪᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱸᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮᱼᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ (ᱠᱚᱰᱟᱜᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱭᱥᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ), ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ (ᱱᱤᱞᱜᱤᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ), ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱡᱷᱤᱠᱚᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮᱼᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱩᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱖᱔᱐ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱕᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱪᱷᱟᱞᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱞᱤᱥᱴᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱔᱗.᱒% ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱮᱢ ᱓.᱙% ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱠᱚᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱙᱐% ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ, ᱯᱚᱞᱚᱠᱠᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱾
ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ
᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱘᱔᱖,᱖᱓᱗ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱨᱚᱥ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱘᱒ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ (ᱜᱩᱴ ᱖᱔᱐ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ) ᱾ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱙᱗ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑,᱐᱓᱐/ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ᱼ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱜᱨᱚᱛᱷ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱔.᱖% ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱣᱟᱭᱵᱟᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱑᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐᱓᱕ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱘᱙.᱓᱒% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐% ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ
ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:Minority Concentrated Districts in India ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱘᱐ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ
ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱩᱢᱤᱛᱟ ᱨᱟᱣᱳᱛ
ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱩᱢᱤᱛᱟ ᱨᱟᱣᱳᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱠᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱩᱲᱤᱥᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱡᱥᱤᱞᱯᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ-ᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱢᱚᱛᱟ ᱠᱷᱩᱱᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱫᱷᱚᱨ ᱨᱟᱣᱳᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱕᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱩᱲᱤᱥᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱠᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱲᱦᱟ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵᱽ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱟᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱭᱚᱱᱛᱤᱠᱟ ᱥᱚᱢᱚᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱫᱷᱚᱨ ᱨᱟᱣᱳᱛ ᱩᱲᱤᱥᱥᱟ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱵᱤᱫᱫᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱤᱠᱱᱟᱸᱛ ᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾
ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ
ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱩᱢᱤᱛᱟ ᱨᱟᱣᱳᱛ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱪ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱲᱜᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱦᱚᱱ ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱩᱢᱤᱛᱟ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱩᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ᱾
ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱥᱠᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ
ᱨᱟᱣᱳᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱥᱠᱟᱨᱠᱚᱭ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ:
ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱱᱫᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱛ
ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱱᱫᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱛ (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱗ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱕᱗) ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱢᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱴ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱱᱮᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱢᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱴ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ (ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥᱣᱟᱫᱤ)‌ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱑᱑ ᱟᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱫᱩ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱛ ᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱯᱚᱞᱤᱛ ᱵᱽᱭᱩᱨᱳ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱱᱵᱟᱫᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱴᱤ ᱮᱰᱣᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱑᱙᱙᱓ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱦᱟ ᱥᱚᱪᱤᱵᱽ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱩᱛᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱰᱣᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱩᱯᱟᱫᱷᱭᱳᱪᱷ ᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾
ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ
ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱱᱫᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱛ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱚᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱥᱩᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱞ ᱫᱟᱥ ᱞᱟᱦᱳᱣᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱱᱤᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱱᱫᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱨᱩᱠᱳᱱᱟ ᱢᱤᱛᱨᱟ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱟᱡ ᱞᱮᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱱᱫᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱢᱤᱥᱮᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱱᱫᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱮᱦᱨᱟ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱣᱤᱠᱦᱚᱬ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱤᱠᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱰᱤᱯᱞᱳᱢᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱨᱟᱱᱰᱟ ᱠᱳᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱑᱙᱗᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱱᱟᱛᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱮᱦᱨᱟ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾
ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱧᱡᱽ
ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱱᱫᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱥᱚᱪᱤᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱜᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱠᱟᱥ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱥᱮᱨᱟ ᱨᱟᱫᱷᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱮᱱ ᱰᱤ ᱴᱤᱵᱷᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱪᱮᱭᱱᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱚᱫᱷᱤᱥᱟᱥᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱬᱚᱭᱚ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱱᱫᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱘᱔ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱠᱷ ᱫᱚᱝᱜᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱚᱢᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱳᱱᱟᱞᱤ ᱵᱚᱥᱠᱳᱠᱬᱟ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱯᱟᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ‌ ᱟᱭ ᱾
ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ
The Provinces of India, earlier Presidencies of British India and still earlier, Presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance in India. Collectively, they were called British India. In one form or another, they existed between 1612 and 1947, conventionally divided into three historical periods:
ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ (᱑᱗᱙᱓–᱑᱙᱔᱗)
In 1608, Mughal authorities allowed the English East India Company to establish a small trading settlement at Surat (now in the state of Gujarat), and this became the company's first headquarters town. It was followed in 1611 by a permanent factory at Machilipatnam on the Coromandel Coast, and in 1612 the company joined other already established European trading companies in Bengal in trade. However, the power of the Mughal Empire declined from 1707, first at the hands of the Marathas and later due to invasion from Persia (1739) and Afghanistan (1761); after the East India Company's victories at the Battle of Plassey (1757) and Battle of Buxar (1764)—both within the Bengal Presidency established in 1765—and the abolition of local rule (Nizamat) in Bengal in 1793, the Company gradually began to formally expand its territories across India. By the mid-19th century, and after the three Anglo-Maratha Wars the East India Company had become the paramount political and military power in south Asia, its territory held in trust for the British Crown.
Company rule in Bengal (after 1793) was terminated by the Government of India Act 1858, following the events of the Bengal Rebellion of 1857. Henceforth known as British India, it was thereafter directly ruled as a colonial possession of the United Kingdom, and India was officially known after 1876 as the Indian Empire. India was divided into British India, regions that were directly administered by the British, with Acts established and passed in British Parliament, and the Princely States, ruled by local rulers of different ethnic backgrounds. These rulers were allowed a measure of internal autonomy in exchange for recognition of British suzerainty. British India constituted a significant portion of India both in area and population; in 1910, for example, it covered approximately 54% of the area and included over 77% of the population. In addition, there were Portuguese and French exclaves in India. Independence from British rule was achieved in 1947 with the formation of two nations, the Dominions of India and Pakistan, the latter including East Bengal, present-day Bangladesh.
The term British India also applied to Burma for a shorter time period: beginning in 1824, a small part of Burma, and by 1886, almost two thirds of Burma had been made part of British India. This arrangement lasted until 1937, when Burma was reorganized as a separate British colony. British India did not apply to other countries in the region, such as Sri Lanka (then Ceylon), which was a British Crown colony, or the Maldive Islands, which were a British protectorate. At its greatest extent, in the early 20th century, the territory of British India extended as far as the frontiers of Persia in the west; Afghanistan in the northwest; Nepal in the north, Tibet in the northeast; and China, French Indochina and Siam in the east. It also included the Aden Province in the Arabian Peninsula.
ᱞᱤᱥᱟ ᱰᱮᱞ ᱡᱤᱭᱳᱠᱳᱱᱰᱳ
ᱞᱤᱥᱟ ᱰᱮᱞ ᱡᱤᱭᱳᱠᱳᱱᱰᱳ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱞᱤᱥᱟ ᱜᱷᱮᱨᱟᱨᱰᱤᱱᱤ (ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱕, ᱑᱔᱗᱙ – ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱑᱕, ᱑᱕᱔᱒) ᱫᱚ ᱤᱴᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱧᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱤᱥᱟ.ᱬ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ  ᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱮᱱᱥ (Florence) ᱟᱨ ᱴᱩᱥᱠᱟᱱᱤ (Tuscany) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱮᱨᱟᱨᱰᱤᱱᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱡᱟᱶᱟᱭ ᱢᱳᱱᱟ ᱞᱤᱥᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱤᱭᱳᱱᱟᱨᱰᱳ ᱫᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱪᱤ (Leonardo da Vinci) ᱱᱩᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱱᱟ.ᱢ ᱪᱤᱛᱟ.ᱨ ᱤᱴᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱩᱱᱚᱨᱡᱟᱜᱚᱨᱚᱬ (Renaissance) ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢᱜᱮ ᱞᱤᱥᱟ ᱦᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱮᱱᱥ (Florence) ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱩᱜᱽᱲᱤ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟ. ᱥᱟᱶᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ,ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱰᱮᱱ ᱞᱳᱠᱟᱞ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱳᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱤᱫᱟ.ᱨᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱞ-ᱠᱞᱟᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱰᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱞᱤᱥᱟ ᱦᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱱᱟ.ᱢ ᱪᱤᱛᱟ.ᱨ (ᱢᱳᱱᱟ ᱞᱤᱥᱟ) ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟ. ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱚᱥ ᱯᱮᱱᱴᱤᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱫᱟ. ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱸᱫᱤᱭᱟᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱩ.ᱱᱟ.ᱨ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱠᱚᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱞᱤᱥᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱳᱱᱟ ᱞᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱰᱮᱞ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱟᱬᱜᱟᱛ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ
ᱞᱤᱥᱟ ᱛᱮᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱮᱱᱥ,ᱤᱴᱟᱞᱤ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱤᱥᱴᱚᱠᱨᱟᱴᱤᱠ (aristocratic) ᱠᱷᱩᱴ ᱨᱤᱱ,ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱠᱷᱟ.ᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟ.ᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱞ-ᱠᱞᱟᱥ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱠᱤᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱟ.ᱥᱩᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱾ ᱯᱞᱳᱨᱮᱱᱥ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱟ.ᱣᱰᱤ-ᱟ.ᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟ.ᱰᱤᱜᱮ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱚᱠ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾
ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱦᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱱᱴᱳᱱᱢᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱰᱤ ᱱᱳᱞᱫᱮ ᱜᱷᱮᱨᱟᱨᱰᱤᱱᱤ (Antonmaria di Noldo Gherardini) ᱯᱟ.ᱦᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱳᱜᱽᱜᱤᱭᱳ (Poggio)  ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱ ᱫᱳᱛᱟᱱᱟ (San Donato) ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱮᱜᱮ  ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ  ᱯᱞᱳᱨᱮᱱᱥ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱩᱪᱟ.ᱲ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱱᱴᱳᱱᱢᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟ/ᱜᱷᱮᱨᱟᱨᱰᱤᱱᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱮᱨᱟᱠᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱤᱥᱟ ᱰᱤ ᱜᱤᱭᱳᱵᱷᱟᱱᱱᱤ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱳ ᱫᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱰᱩᱠᱠᱤ(Lisa di Giovanni Filippo de' Carducci),ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱔᱖᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨᱤᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱴᱮᱨᱤᱱᱟ ᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱭᱳᱴᱴᱳ ᱨᱩᱞᱞᱟᱭ (Caterina di Mariotto Rucellai),ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱔᱗᱓ ᱥᱟᱞᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨᱜᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱟ.ᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱠᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱤᱥᱟ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱭᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱩᱠᱨᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟ ᱰᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱠᱥᱤᱭᱟ (Lucrezia del Caccia),ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱤᱭᱮᱨᱟ ᱥᱯᱤᱱᱮᱞᱞᱤ (Piera Spinelli) ᱭᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮᱨᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱮᱨᱟᱨᱰᱤᱱᱤ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱟ.ᱦᱩ ᱾
ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ
ᱞᱤᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱕, ᱑᱔᱙᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱨᱮ,ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱑᱕ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱮᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱟᱱᱥᱮᱥᱠᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱨᱛᱳᱞᱳᱢᱮᱣᱳ ᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱱᱳᱵᱤ ᱰᱮᱞ ᱡᱤᱭᱳᱠᱳᱱᱰᱳ (Francesco di Bartolomeo di Zanobi del Giocondo) ᱥᱟᱶᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱳᱠᱳᱱᱰᱳ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱮᱨᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾
ᱤᱞᱟᱹᱢᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱪᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱳᱞᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱷᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱩᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱞᱟᱹᱢᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱡᱚᱭ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱲᱮᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱭᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
ᱠᱚᱵᱤ ᱡᱚᱭᱫᱮᱵᱽ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱵᱤᱫᱽᱭᱟᱞᱚᱭ
ᱠᱚᱵᱤ ᱡᱚᱭᱫᱮᱵᱽ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱵᱤᱫᱽᱭᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱤᱞᱟᱹᱢᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱚᱦᱤ (ᱟᱨᱴᱥ) ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱠᱚᱵᱤ ᱡᱚᱭᱫᱮᱵᱽ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱵᱤᱫᱽᱭᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱗.᱖᱒ ᱮᱠᱚᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱮᱢᱯᱟᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱟᱨᱮᱼᱱᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱷᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱭᱩ.ᱡᱤ.ᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱟᱸᱰᱮᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱘᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾
ᱢᱟᱹᱱ
ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱢᱟᱹᱧᱡᱩᱨ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ (ᱭᱩ.ᱡᱤ.ᱥᱤ) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾
ᱦᱮᱡᱼᱥᱮᱱ
ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱞᱟᱹᱢᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱠᱷᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱪᱳᱶᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱳᱞᱯᱩᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱗ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱤᱞᱟᱹᱢᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱳᱞᱯᱩᱨ, ᱫᱩᱨᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱣᱲᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾
ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ
ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱵᱤᱨᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ
ᱨᱟᱸᱜᱟ, ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ
ᱨᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱢᱚᱦᱚᱞ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱛᱷᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
ᱴᱷᱟᱶ
ᱨᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ 24.85623°N, 87.68797°W᱾
ᱪᱚᱜᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ
ᱪᱚᱜᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱜᱷᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱞᱩᱪᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ, ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱠᱚᱬ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱤᱱᱳᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢ ᱵᱤᱟᱭᱵᱤᱯᱤ ᱠᱳᱵᱷᱤᱰ-᱑᱙ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ
ᱥᱤᱱᱳᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢ ᱵᱤᱟᱭᱵᱤᱯᱤ ᱠᱳᱵᱷᱤᱰ-᱑᱙ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱤᱵᱤᱟᱭᱵᱤᱯᱤ-ᱠᱳᱨᱵᱦ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱱᱳᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱱᱤᱥᱠᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱳᱵᱷᱤᱰ-᱑᱙ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱥᱮᱡ ᱖᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱨᱡᱮᱱᱴᱤᱱᱟ, ᱵᱟᱦᱚᱨᱟᱭᱤᱱ, ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱨ, ᱢᱚᱨᱚᱠᱠᱳ, ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ, ᱯᱮᱨᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱟᱢᱤᱨᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱳᱨᱤᱠᱠᱷᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱤᱵᱤᱟᱭᱵᱤᱯᱤ-ᱠᱳᱨᱵᱷᱤ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱳᱨᱳᱱᱟᱵᱷᱮᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱵᱤᱵᱷᱤ᱑᱕᱒ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱚᱠᱚᱢ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱤᱥᱠᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱛᱤᱠ ᱠᱳᱵᱷᱤᱰ-᱑᱙ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
ᱨᱟᱸᱜᱟ, ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ
ᱴᱷᱟᱶ
ᱨᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱐᱔ ᱦᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ (᱒᱖᱐ ᱮᱠᱚᱨ) ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾
ᱪᱚᱜᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ
᱑᱙᱙᱘ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱫᱟᱞᱵᱚᱱᱫᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱯᱷᱛᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ, ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ (%) ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱞᱚᱪᱤ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱤᱱᱳᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢ ᱵᱤᱟᱭᱵᱤᱯᱤ ᱠᱳᱵᱷᱤᱰ-᱑᱙ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ
ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱟᱢᱤᱨᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱙ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱠᱳ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱳᱵᱷᱤᱰ-᱑᱙ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱘᱖% ᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱟᱭ᱾ ᱵᱤᱟᱭᱵᱤᱯᱤ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱨᱢᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱯᱢᱟᱛᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱮᱢ ᱛᱮᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾
ᱨᱟᱸᱜᱟ, ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ
ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱮᱱᱮᱞ
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱢᱚᱦᱚᱞ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱝᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ 'ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠᱠᱟ' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ᱾ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱢᱚᱦᱚᱞ ᱠᱩᱭᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾
ᱪᱚᱜᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ
ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ
ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:Project-706 ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱞᱚᱪᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ, ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ
ᱥᱤᱱᱳᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢ ᱵᱤᱟᱭᱵᱤᱯᱤ ᱠᱳᱵᱷᱤᱰ-᱑᱙ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ
ᱵᱤᱟᱭᱵᱤᱯᱤ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ, ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ, ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱱᱳᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱰᱳᱡᱽ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾
ᱨᱟᱸᱜᱟ, ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ
ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤ
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱨᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱖᱖᱓ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱓᱒᱗ (᱔᱙%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱓᱓᱖ (᱕᱑%) ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱐-᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱔᱔ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱨᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱔᱒ (᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱖᱕.᱙᱐%) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
ᱥᱤᱱᱳᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢ ᱵᱤᱟᱭᱵᱤᱯᱤ ᱠᱳᱵᱷᱤᱰ-᱑᱙ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ
ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱗ ᱢᱮ ᱥᱤᱱᱳᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢ ᱠᱳᱵᱷᱤᱰ-᱑᱙ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭ ᱮᱢᱟᱫᱤ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾
ᱨᱟᱸᱜᱟ, ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ
ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ
ᱨᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱛᱷᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱵᱟᱭ ᱮᱢᱟ᱾
ᱥᱤᱱᱳᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢ ᱵᱤᱟᱭᱵᱤᱯᱤ ᱠᱳᱵᱷᱤᱰ-᱑᱙ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ
ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ
ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱳᱵᱷᱤᱰ-᱑᱙ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ
ᱨᱟᱸᱜᱟ, ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ
ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ
ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ
ᱨᱟᱭᱮᱱ ᱟᱭᱰᱚᱞ
ᱨᱟᱭᱮᱱ ᱟᱭᱰᱚᱞ (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱐ ᱟᱜᱟᱥᱴ ᱑᱙᱖᱖) ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱢᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱯᱳᱨᱱᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱯᱟᱯᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢᱛᱮ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱛᱚᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱮᱨᱥᱚᱱ 'ᱟᱭᱨᱤᱥ' ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱢᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱩᱢᱟᱹᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ  ᱟᱭᱰᱚᱞ ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱴᱚᱱᱤ ᱰᱳᱱᱟᱭᱤᱥ ' ᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾
ᱡᱤᱣᱱᱤ
ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱨᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱫᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱡᱳᱜᱟᱡᱳᱜ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱦᱟᱭᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱟᱭᱰᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱤᱱ ᱡᱩᱠᱛᱚᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱵᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱳᱡᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱭᱤᱴᱠᱞᱵᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱴᱨᱟᱯᱤᱝ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ "ᱯᱞᱮᱜᱟᱨᱞ" ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱩᱱᱰ ᱞᱚᱭᱮᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱘᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱵᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ "ᱢᱟᱨᱠ ᱮᱱᱴᱚᱱᱤ ᱰᱳᱱᱟᱭᱥ" ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ  "ᱢᱮᱱ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱛᱷ" ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱯᱷᱳᱞᱰ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾  ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱤᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱨᱟᱭᱮᱱ ᱟᱭᱰᱚᱞ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱜᱤᱞᱮ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ 50,000 ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱤᱱ ᱡᱩᱠᱛᱚᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱭᱮ ᱠᱞᱮᱵᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱮᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱖ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱼᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾
᱒᱐ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ 1998 ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱭᱩᱭᱚᱨᱠ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱳᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱮᱯᱟᱨᱴᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱞᱦᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱚᱯ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱰᱚᱞ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱰᱩᱵᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ " ᱥᱩᱨᱼᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱩᱡᱩᱱ " ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱟᱭᱰᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱯ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ " ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱞᱠᱳᱦᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾
ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱳᱜᱽᱥᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱰᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ " ᱤᱧ ᱤᱧᱟᱹᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱼᱟ ᱾ᱫᱚ ᱾ᱫᱚ ᱾ᱫᱚ᱾ ᱤᱧ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱤᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱧᱟᱹᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱾ ᱤᱧ ᱢᱤᱫᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ
᱑᱙᱘᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱳᱱᱟᱭᱥ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱭᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱤ ᱤᱭᱩᱴᱤᱥ ᱱᱟᱵᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱑᱑ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱳ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱨᱵᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱨᱯᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾  ᱰᱳᱱᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱨᱤᱜᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱵᱷᱤ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱼᱥᱟᱛᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱤᱝᱦᱟᱢᱼᱟᱞᱵᱟᱢᱟ ᱢᱚᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱝᱯᱷᱳᱨᱰ ᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱞᱯ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱰᱥ ᱪᱮᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱼᱵᱚᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷᱥᱟᱣᱛᱷ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱰᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱟᱭᱰᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱕,᱐᱐᱐ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱕,᱐᱐᱐ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱠᱳᱯᱳᱨᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱮᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱴᱳᱯᱳᱰᱤᱥ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱤ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ , ᱟᱭᱰᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱦᱤᱴ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱮᱢ ᱯᱨᱳᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱰᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱹᱵᱩᱫ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ, ᱑᱙᱙᱘ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱞᱚᱠ ᱚᱡᱮᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ " ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱼᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱚᱞᱚᱠᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱢᱟᱞᱫᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ
ᱢᱟᱞᱫᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱯᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱞᱫᱟ ᱱᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱱᱤᱭᱟ. ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱵᱷᱟ.ᱴᱤᱭᱟ. ᱴᱷᱟ.ᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱟᱞᱫᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱞᱫᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱮᱱ ᱦᱟ.ᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ  ᱩᱞ ᱡᱚ, ᱢᱮᱥᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱩᱢᱟ.ᱝ ᱥᱩᱛᱟ.ᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ᱾ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱓,᱗᱓᱓ ᱪᱟ.ᱣᱠᱟ. ᱠᱤᱞᱚ ᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ : ᱓,᱙᱙᱗,᱙᱗᱐ ᱡᱚᱱᱟ, ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ᱾
ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ
ᱢᱟᱞᱫᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱨᱥᱤᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱠᱚᱭᱮ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱛᱛᱟ.ᱨ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱽ ᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱽ ᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱜᱽᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱢᱟ. ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱯᱟᱪᱷᱮ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱨᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾
ᱠᱟ.ᱣᱰᱤ ᱟ.ᱨᱤ
᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱧᱪᱟᱪᱚᱛ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱟᱱᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱕0 ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱞᱫᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱢᱤᱞᱟ.ᱣ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱢᱩᱴ ᱖᱔᱐ ᱡᱤᱞᱟ. ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ । ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱞᱫᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ Backward Region Grant Fund Programme (BRGF) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟ.ᱣᱰᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱟ।
ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ
ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:Minority Concentrated Districts in India ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:1813 establishments in British India
ᱤᱥᱯᱟᱛ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ
ᱤᱥᱯᱟᱛ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱫᱽᱨᱟ-ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ ᱤᱥᱴᱤᱞ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱯᱩᱠᱷᱩᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ, ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱫᱚ IPTN ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ ᱤᱥᱴᱤᱞ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱪᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱛᱤᱸᱜᱩᱭᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱟᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ
ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱜᱟᱢᱟ
ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱜᱟᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱰᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱰᱰᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱜᱟᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
ᱩᱨᱡᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ
ᱩᱨᱡᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱞᱟᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨᱱ ᱠᱚᱞᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰᱥ ᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱮᱰ, ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱠᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱑᱔᱔᱑ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱳᱯᱤᱝ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱞᱮᱠᱥ, ᱨᱟᱡᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱥᱴᱮᱰᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤ.ᱮ.ᱵᱷᱤ. ᱯᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱰᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱜᱚᱰᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ, ᱯᱟᱨᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ-ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾
ᱴᱷᱟᱶ
ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱜᱟᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱕.᱐᱓° ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱘᱗.᱓᱒° ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖᱙ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱒᱒᱖ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱜᱟᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱷᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱥᱚᱨᱤ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱴᱮᱨᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱜᱟᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱳᱦᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱜᱟᱢᱟ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱜᱟᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱜᱟᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱰᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱕.᱘᱘ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱗᱘ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱜᱟᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱒.᱒᱑ ᱪᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱐.᱘᱕ ᱪᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱞ)
ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱮᱱᱮᱞ
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱚᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱢᱚᱦᱚᱞ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ 'ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠᱠᱟ' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱽᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ᱾ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱢᱚᱦᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱞ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾
ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱸᱥᱤᱫ
ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱜᱟᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ, ᱡᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱘᱐°F ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱙᱐°F (᱓᱐-᱓᱒°C ᱜᱟᱱ) ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ-ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱖᱐°F ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱗᱐°F (᱒᱐-᱒᱒°C) ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱩᱨᱤ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱵᱷᱟᱱᱰᱳ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱲᱦᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾
ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤ
᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱜᱟᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐,᱙᱖᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱕,᱗᱗᱑ (᱕᱓%) ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱕,᱑᱙᱘ (᱔᱗%) ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ᱾ ᱐-᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱘᱓᱔ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱜᱟᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱒᱖᱘ (᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱗᱙.᱕᱖%)᱾
ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱟᱴᱷᱟᱢᱳ
᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱦᱮᱱᱰᱵᱩᱠ ᱜᱳᱰᱰᱟ, ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱜᱟᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒.᱒᱑ ᱪᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ। ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱯᱚᱴᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱲᱟ ᱰᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱮᱸᱰ ᱯᱟᱢᱯ, ᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱴᱚᱢ ᱠᱩᱸᱧ, ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱴᱮᱝᱠᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱑,᱔᱕᱑ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱔᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱒ ᱭᱟ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ, ᱒ ᱭᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ, ᱒ ᱭᱟ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱚᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ (ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟᱱ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ, ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱚᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱢ/ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱼᱚᱯᱨᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾
ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ
ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱜᱟᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱜᱟᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾
ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ
ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱜᱚᱰᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱜᱚᱰᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ
ᱯᱤᱡᱩᱥ ᱦᱟᱡᱚᱨᱤᱠᱟ
ᱯᱤᱡᱩᱥ ᱦᱟᱡᱚᱨᱤᱠᱟ (ᱤᱝᱺ Pijush Hazarika) ᱫᱚ ᱵᱦᱟᱨᱟᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱛᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱜᱤᱨᱚᱰ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱦᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱢ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ-ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱚᱪᱚᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ
ᱯᱤᱡᱩᱥ ᱦᱟᱡᱚᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱜᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱦᱚᱛ ᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱟᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟᱣᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱥᱩᱨᱟᱢ ᱦᱟᱡᱚᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱝᱜᱟᱛᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱤᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱡᱚᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱣᱟᱦᱟᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱽᱭᱟᱯᱤᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱤᱹᱮᱹ ᱭᱮ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾
᱑ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱑, ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱤᱥ ᱱᱟᱭᱤᱠᱟ ᱟᱭᱢᱤ ᱵᱚᱯᱨᱩᱣᱟ ᱛᱩᱞᱩᱡ-ᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ
ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ
ᱱᱟᱹᱜᱚᱭᱟ
᱑ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱟᱹᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱓,᱒᱗,᱕᱕᱗ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
᱑᱖᱑᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱚᱨᱰ ᱴᱚᱠᱩᱜᱟᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱭᱟᱥᱩ,‌‌ᱚᱰᱟ ᱱᱚᱵᱩᱱᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ,‌ ᱚᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱤᱱᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜᱽ ᱨᱟᱡᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱤᱭᱚᱥᱩ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱹᱜᱚᱭᱟ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱹᱜᱟᱭᱟ ᱠᱤᱞᱟ‌ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜᱽ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱽ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱡ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱹᱜᱚᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱘᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱭᱡᱤ ᱨᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱡᱷᱚᱜᱽ ᱥᱟᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜᱽ ᱢᱟᱱᱭᱚᱛᱟ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜᱽ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱤᱱᱰᱟᱹᱥᱴᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱴᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱴᱨᱟᱰᱤᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱠᱚᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱾ ᱚᱠᱛᱚᱠᱷᱩᱸᱰᱤ, ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱟᱹᱞ ᱠᱚ,‌‌ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱞᱮᱭ ᱢᱮᱥᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱯᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱥᱴᱤᱻᱞ ᱠᱚ, ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ, ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱴᱨᱚᱠᱮᱢᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱴᱚᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ, ᱮᱣᱤᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱡᱽ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱥᱴᱴᱨᱭ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱱᱚᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱛ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱹᱜᱟᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ World War II ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱢᱟᱢᱟᱲᱚ ᱦᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ, ᱟᱠᱟ‌ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱ ᱡᱷᱚᱜ‌ US ᱦᱟᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱣᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱚᱢ ᱵᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱹᱜᱚᱭᱟ ᱦᱟᱸ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱚᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱣᱟᱣ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱡᱽ ᱾
ᱭᱩᱫᱽᱷᱚ ᱯᱚᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱹᱜᱚᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱚᱨᱜᱟᱦ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱚᱨᱴ ᱥᱮᱸᱴᱚᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱱᱠᱟᱱᱥᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱥᱯᱤᱻᱰ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱚᱠᱭᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱥᱟᱠᱟ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱠᱟᱣᱟᱹᱨ‌ᱟᱭ ᱱᱟᱹᱜᱟᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ‌ ᱾
ᱱᱟᱹᱜᱚᱭᱟ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ‌ ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱯᱚᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱺ ᱪᱤᱵᱩ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱮᱟᱹᱨ ᱤᱱᱴᱚᱨᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱯᱚᱨᱴ, ᱴᱚᱠᱚᱱᱮᱢ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱱᱟᱹᱜᱚᱭᱟ ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱯᱷᱤᱞᱼᱰ‌ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱛᱥᱩᱵᱤᱥᱤ ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱠᱨᱟᱯᱷᱼᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱚᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜᱽ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱨᱩᱛᱷ ᱣᱚᱱᱤᱛᱟ
ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ
ᱣᱚᱱᱤᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤ ᱮ, ᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱤ ᱮᱪ ᱰᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾
ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ
᱑᱙᱙᱔ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱣᱚᱱᱤᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟᱡᱤ ᱛᱷᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱱᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱢᱳᱸᱴᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟᱡᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱬ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱩᱠᱷᱤᱬ - ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱳ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱮᱫ - ᱟ ᱾
᱑᱙᱗᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ, ᱣᱚᱱᱤᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱟᱱᱩᱥᱤ ᱮ ᱡᱚᱨᱱᱚᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱣᱤᱢᱮᱱ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱥᱳᱥᱟᱭᱴᱤ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱛᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱲ -‌ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱥᱤᱠᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱚᱱᱩᱥᱚᱸᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱛ ᱥᱛᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱠᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱮᱫ -‌ᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱑᱙᱗᱙ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱑ ᱢᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱛᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱣᱭᱛᱤᱠ, ᱥᱶᱟᱭᱝ ᱥᱮᱵᱚᱠ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱟᱫᱚᱠ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱟᱭ ᱾
ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ
• ᱑᱙᱙᱔: ᱭᱟᱫᱚᱣ, ᱨᱟᱡᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ: ᱨᱩᱛᱷ ᱣᱚᱱᱤᱛᱟ, ᱯᱮᱭᱝᱜᱩᱭᱤᱱ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱑᱙᱙᱔ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱪᱷᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ (ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱩᱫᱽᱛᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱠᱚᱨᱚᱬ)
ᱡᱭᱳᱛᱥᱱᱟ ᱥᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱᱛᱷ
ᱡᱭᱳᱛᱥᱱᱟ ᱥᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱᱛᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱳᱞᱤᱱ ᱨᱩ-ᱨᱩ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱜᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱩ ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾
ᱨᱩᱥᱤᱠᱟ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ
ᱡᱭᱳᱛᱥᱱᱟ ᱟᱡ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱞᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱭᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠᱤ ᱨᱩ ᱚᱨᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱢ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱠᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱚᱨᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱛᱮᱫ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱨᱩ ᱚᱨᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱚᱦᱤ ᱜᱩᱬ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱬᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾
ᱟᱡ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱱᱱᱟᱠᱩᱰᱤ ᱵᱷᱚᱭᱫᱭᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷᱚᱱ ᱴᱷᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱳᱞᱤᱱ ᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱩ ᱨᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱛᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱳᱞᱤᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱥᱚᱵᱷᱚ ᱢᱩᱨᱛᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱳᱞᱤᱱ ᱨᱩᱭ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱳᱞᱳ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱚᱨᱴ ᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ।ᱡᱭᱳᱛᱥᱱᱟ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱳ᱿ᱤᱱ ᱨᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱢᱯᱩᱨᱩᱱᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱛᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱝᱜᱟᱞᱳᱨ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱢᱭᱩᱦᱡᱤᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱚᱱᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱪᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱰᱮ ᱥᱚᱞᱳ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱳᱞᱚᱱᱤᱥᱴ ᱵᱷᱤ ᱮᱥ ᱱᱚᱨᱚᱥᱤᱢᱟᱸ ᱴᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱨᱚᱥᱤᱢᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱞᱟᱭᱟᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱨᱮᱰᱤᱝ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱳᱭᱟᱞ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱢᱭᱩᱡᱤᱠ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾
ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱠᱚ
ᱡᱭᱳᱛᱥᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱢ ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱡᱜ ᱯᱩᱞᱩ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱢ ᱜᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱢᱥᱟᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱞᱟᱤᱭᱟᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱦᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱞᱩᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱥᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱢ ᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱡ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱰᱮ ᱣᱳᱢᱟᱰ, ᱨᱮᱰ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱳᱞᱤᱱ ᱯᱷᱮᱥᱴᱤᱵᱷᱟᱞ, ᱠᱞᱮᱵᱷᱞᱟᱸᱰ ᱢᱭᱩᱡᱤᱠ ᱯᱷᱮᱥᱴᱤᱵᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱵᱤᱥᱤ ᱯᱨᱳᱢᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱰᱤᱥᱠᱳᱵᱷᱚᱨᱭ, ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱡᱤᱭᱳᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱪᱮᱱᱮᱞ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱨᱩ-ᱚᱨᱚᱝ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱᱨᱮ ᱰᱚᱠᱩᱢᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱢ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾
ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ
ᱡᱭᱳᱛᱥᱱᱟ ᱯᱟᱛᱷᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤᱥᱴ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱠᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱟᱞᱳᱨ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱡᱚᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢᱵᱤᱵᱤᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱞᱤᱱᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱛᱷᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱳᱥᱴ ᱜᱨᱟᱡᱩᱭᱮᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱠᱮ ᱵᱷᱤ ᱥᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱᱛᱷ ᱥᱚᱨᱢᱟ ᱴᱷᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱡᱟᱶᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱹᱠᱤᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱨᱟᱹ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱪᱟᱨᱞᱮᱥ ᱰᱟᱨᱣᱤᱱ
ᱪᱟᱨᱞᱮᱥ ᱨᱚᱵᱚᱨᱴ ᱰᱟᱨᱣᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱝᱜᱽᱞᱤᱥ ᱱᱮᱪᱩᱨᱟᱞᱤᱥᱴ (naturalist), ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ-ᱤᱭᱟᱹ (geologist) ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱭᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤᱥᱴ (Biologist) ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱞᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱪᱤ, ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱣᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱟᱨᱣᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱞᱯᱷᱨᱮᱰ ᱨᱚᱥᱮᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱮᱥ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱱ  ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ, ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱪᱩᱨᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱞᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ (natural selection) ᱤᱫᱩ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱕᱙ ᱥᱟᱞᱮᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵᱼᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱭᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱ ᱫᱤ ᱚᱨᱤᱡᱤᱱ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱯᱮᱥᱤᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱸᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱟᱨᱣᱤᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱰ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱯᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱚᱡᱽ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾
ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ
ᱰᱟᱨᱣᱤᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱘᱐᱙ ᱥᱟᱞᱮᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱹᱬ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱡᱽ, ᱤᱝᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱟᱯᱟᱛ ᱨᱚᱵᱚᱨᱴ ᱰᱟᱨᱣᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱥᱟᱱᱟ ᱰᱟᱨᱣᱤᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱹᱠᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱵᱩᱦᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱬᱮᱭᱟᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟᱯᱟᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱠᱛᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱨᱞᱥ ᱰᱟᱨᱣᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱪᱩᱨᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱨᱚᱡᱽ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱒᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮᱨᱮ ᱟᱯᱟᱛᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱠᱛᱚᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱠᱛᱚᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱰᱟᱠᱛᱚᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱮᱲᱟ ᱭᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱾  ᱮᱪ. ᱮᱢ. ᱮᱥ. ᱵᱤᱜᱽᱨᱮᱞ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱛᱨᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱩᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱠᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱴᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱨᱮᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱽᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱫ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱓᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱚᱨᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱱᱮᱪᱩᱨᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱞᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾
ᱮᱪᱮᱢᱮᱥ ᱵᱤᱜᱚᱞᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱛᱨᱟ
ᱰᱟᱨᱣᱤᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱛᱨᱟ ᱒᱗ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱘᱓᱑ ᱥᱟᱞᱮᱨᱮ ᱮᱦᱮᱵ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱛᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱨᱚᱸᱫ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾  ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱ ᱫᱤ ᱚᱨᱤᱡᱤᱱ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱯᱮᱥᱤᱥ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱛᱨᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱟᱹᱨᱩ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾
ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱸᱫ
ᱤᱝᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱺᱱ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱴᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱓᱖ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱠᱮᱢᱵᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱛᱷᱟᱢ ᱚᱞᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱰᱟᱨᱣᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱜᱨᱯᱷᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱚᱥᱟᱭᱴᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾  ᱰᱟᱨᱣᱤᱱᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱪᱤ, "ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ" ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱠᱨᱚᱪᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱪᱤ, "ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ (environment) ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ" ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱚ ᱜᱚᱞᱟᱯᱟᱜᱚᱥ ᱦᱚᱨᱚ, ᱢᱚᱠᱤᱝᱜᱚᱵᱚᱨᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱢᱡᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ "ᱚᱱ ᱫᱤ ᱚᱨᱤᱡᱤᱱ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱯᱮᱥᱤᱥ" ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱠᱥᱮᱥ (success) ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾
ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ
᱑᱘᱘᱒ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱨᱣᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱴ-ᱟᱴᱟᱠ (heart attack) ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱨ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱑᱙ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱘᱘᱒ ᱥᱟᱞᱮᱨᱮ "ᱰᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ" ᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱨᱣᱤᱱ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱨᱣᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱣᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱰᱟᱨᱣᱤᱱᱤᱡᱽᱢ ᱮᱠᱞᱤᱯᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱤᱝᱜᱩ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱓᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱕᱐ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱰᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱯᱩᱞᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠᱥ  ᱱᱮᱪᱩᱨᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱞᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾
ᱠᱚᱭᱞᱟᱥ ᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱠᱟᱛᱡᱩ
ᱠᱚᱭᱞᱟᱥ ᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱠᱟᱛᱡᱩ (᱑᱗ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱘᱘᱗ - ᱑᱗ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱙᱖᱘) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱱᱮᱛᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱡᱚᱯᱟᱲ, ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱭᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ, ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱵᱷᱹᱠᱷᱩᱞ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱩᱠᱤᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ riveting ᱢᱟᱢᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ INA ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱨ. ᱠᱟᱛᱡᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱩᱞᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱚᱴᱟᱣ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱮᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱢᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱩᱱᱤᱛᱟ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱞ
ᱥᱩᱱᱤᱛᱟ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱞ (ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ:ᱥᱩᱱᱤᱛᱟ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱞ)ᱠᱟᱴᱷᱢᱟᱱᱰᱩ, ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱚᱥ ᱟᱱ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ ᱞᱚᱠ ᱜᱟ.ᱭᱱᱟ.ᱦᱟᱨ (ᱡᱚᱞᱵᱤᱨ,ᱥᱤᱸᱫᱷᱩᱞᱯᱟᱞᱪᱚᱠ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱭ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟ.ᱛᱩ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ)ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢᱮᱱ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ ᱞᱚᱠ ᱜᱤᱛ, ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱟ.ᱥᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱸᱫᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾
ᱠᱚᱭᱞᱟᱥ ᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱠᱟᱛᱡᱩ
ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ
ᱠᱚᱭᱞᱟᱥ ᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱠᱟᱛᱡᱩ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱗ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱘᱘᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱣᱨᱟ (ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱭᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱥᱢᱤᱨᱤ ᱯᱚᱸᱰᱤᱛ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱣᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱛᱨᱤᱵᱷᱩᱵᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱡᱩ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱵᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ
ᱠᱚᱭᱞᱟᱥ ᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱣᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱨ ᱩᱱᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱛᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱳᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱝᱜᱚᱢᱚᱦᱚᱞ ᱩᱱᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱑᱙᱐᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱨᱮᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ, ᱞᱟᱦᱳᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱱᱮᱨ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱰ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱞᱟᱦᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱭᱤᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱐᱗ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱞᱟᱦᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱩᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤᱭ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱐᱘ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱚᱨ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤᱭ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱑᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱞᱟᱦᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱩᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨᱮᱴ ᱤᱱ ᱞᱚ, ᱮᱞᱮᱞᱵᱤᱭ ᱥᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱑᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱞᱟᱦᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, ᱑᱙᱒᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱩᱠᱤᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱤᱞᱟᱦᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱩᱱᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱫᱚᱨᱵᱟᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾