cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Uburenganzira bw'umugore
Ikinyejana cya 18 na 19 Uburayi
Abagore batatu bicaye kumeza ntoya, umwe adoda, umwe anywa igikombe cyicyayi. Byose uko ari bitatu byashushanijwe kugirango bisa nkaho biteye ubwoba. Umugore wa gatatu asa nkaho afite imitwe ibiri, ariko birashoboka ko hari abagore bane. Imitwe y'abagore ntabwo isa nkaho yorohewe kumubiri. Amabara ni umutuku wijimye, umukara, umukara, na almond.
Uburusiya
Abagore b'Abarusiya bari bafite inzitizi zo gutunga umutungo kugeza mu kinyejana cya 18 rwagati. Uburenganzira bw'umugore bwariyongereye nyuma y’uko Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti zimaze kwiyongera ku butegetsi bwa Bolsheviks.
Kanada
Andi makuru: Igihe cyuburenganzira bwumugore muri Amerika (usibye gutora)
Australiya
Amateka y’uburenganzira bw’umugore muri Ositaraliya ni ayavuguruzanya: mu gihe Ositaraliya yayoboye isi mu burenganzira bwo gutora bw’abagore mu kinyejana cya 19, ntiyatinze cyane kumenya uburenganzira bw’umugore ku mwuga - kugeza mu 1966 ni bwo hakuweho akabari k’abashakanye. 142] Ku rundi ruhande, ivugurura ryemerera abagore gutora no guhagararira umwanya muri Ositaraliya y'Amajyepfo mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 ryabaye umusingi w'uburenganzira bwa politiki bw'umugore mu bindi bice by'isi. Ni muri urwo rwego, Ositaraliya itandukanye n’indi mico, kubera ko gutora kw'abagore muri Ositaraliya byari imwe mu ntego za mbere z’umuryango w’abagore bahari (guhera muri Ositaraliya yepfo na Ositaraliya y’Uburengerazuba) bitandukanye n’indi mico, nk’imico y’uburayi bw’iburasirazuba, aho na yo igeze. cyo mu kinyejana cya 20 umutwe w’abagore wibanze ku burenganzira bw’umurimo, kubona imyuga n’uburezi, aho guharanira uburenganzira bwa politiki. Kugeza magingo aya, Ositaraliya ifite umubare muto w’abagore mu nshingano z’ubucuruzi ugereranije n’ibindi bihugu bifite ibigo bisa. [143]
Ibyingenzi
Uburenganzira ku kazi ku bagore burimo kutavangura abagore ku mirimo no guhembwa kimwe. Uburenganzira bw'umugore n'abagabo bwo guhembwa kimwe n'inyungu zingana ku kazi kangana na leta ya Hong Kong y'Ubwongereza kugeza mu ntangiriro ya za 70. Leslie Wah-Leung Chung (鍾華亮, 1917–2009), Perezida w’ishyirahamwe ry’abakozi ba Leta mu Bushinwa muri Hong Kong 香港 政府 華 員 會 [144] (1965–68), yagize uruhare mu ishyirwaho ry’imishahara ingana ku bagabo n’abagore, harimo uburenganzira ku bagore bubatse kuba abakozi bahoraho. Mbere yibi, imiterere yumurimo wumugore yahindutse kuva kumukozi uhoraho aba umukozi wigihe gito amaze gushyingirwa, bityo atakaza amafaranga ya pansiyo. Bamwe muri bo ndetse babuze akazi. Kubera ko abaforomo ahanini bari abagore, uku kuzamura uburenganzira bw’abagore bubatse byasobanuye cyane umwuga w’ubuforomo. [61] [145] [146] [147] [148] [149] Mu bihugu bimwe by’Uburayi, abagore bubatse ntibashoboraga gukora batabanje kubiherwa uruhushya n’abagabo babo kugeza mu myaka mike ishize, urugero nko mu Bufaransa kugeza mu 1965 [151] [152] no muri Espanye kugeza mu 1975. [153] Byongeye kandi, utubari twashyingiranywe, umuco watangiye kuva mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 kugeza mu myaka ya za 70 mu bihugu byinshi, harimo Otirishiya, Ositaraliya, Irilande, Kanada, n'Ubusuwisi, wabuzaga abagore bubatse akazi mu myuga myinshi. [154] [155]
Amatora y'abagore
Ibihugu bitari bike bya Nordic byahaye abagore uburenganzira bwo gutora mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20 - Finlande (1906), Noruveje (1913), Danemarke na Islande (1915). Intambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose irangiye ibindi bihugu byinshi byakurikiranye - Ubuholandi (1917), Otirishiya, Azerubayijani, [161] Kanada, Cekosolovakiya, Jeworujiya, Polonye na Suwede (1918), Ubudage na Luxembourg (1919), Turukiya (1934), na Amerika (1920). [162] Abatinze mu Burayi ni Ubugereki mu 1952, Ubusuwisi (1971 ku rwego rwa federasiyo; 1959–1991 ku bibazo byaho ku rwego rwa canton), Porutugali (1976 ku buryo bungana n'abagabo, bibujijwe kuva 1931) ndetse na microstate ya San Marino muri 1959, Monaco mu 1962, Andorra mu 1970, na Liechtenstein mu 1984. [133] [134]
Ubwisanzure bwo kugenda
Ibihugu byinshi byo mu burasirazuba bwo hagati na byo bikurikiza gahunda yo kurera abagabo mu bihe bya none, aho abagore basabwa gusaba uruhushya umuryango w’umugabo kubintu byinshi, harimo no kujya mu bindi bihugu. Muri Kanama 2019, Arabiya Sawudite yarangije amategeko yayo yo kurera abagabo, yemerera abagore kugenda bonyine.
Uburenganzira
Uburenganzira bw'imyororokere ni uburenganzira n’ubwisanzure bijyanye n’imyororokere n’ubuzima bw’imyororokere. Uburenganzira bw'imyororokere bwemejwe na gahunda y’imyaka makumyabiri y’ibikorwa bya Cairo yemejwe mu 1994 mu nama mpuzamahanga y’abaturage n’iterambere (ICPD) yabereye i Cairo, ndetse n’itangazo rya Beijing hamwe n’urubuga rwa Beijing rwibikorwa mu 1995.
Kuringaniza imbyaro
Komisiyo ishinzwe guca ivangura rikorerwa abagore ibona ko icyaha cyo gukuramo inda ari "ihohoterwa ry’ubuzima bw’imyororokere n’imyororokere y’abagore n’uburenganzira" n’uburyo bw’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina; igika cya 18 cy’icyifuzo rusange cyacyo No 35 ku ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina rikorerwa abagore, rivugurura icyifuzo rusange No 19 kivuga ko: "Ihohoterwa ry’ubuzima bw’imyororokere n’imyororokere y’abagore n’uburenganzira, nko kuboneza urubyaro ku gahato, gukuramo inda ku gahato, gutwita ku gahato, icyaha cyo gukuramo inda, guhakana cyangwa gutinda gukuramo inda neza no kwita ku gukuramo inda, gukomeza ku gahato ku gahato, guhohotera no gufata nabi abagore n’abakobwa bashaka amakuru y’ubuzima bw’imyororokere n’imyororokere, ibicuruzwa na serivisi, ni uburyo bw’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, bitewe n’ibihe, rishobora kuba ryinshi kwica urubozo, ubugome, ubumuntu cyangwa gutesha agaciro. " abagore, harimo [...] amategeko ahana gukuramo inda ". [185]
Kiliziya Gatolika n'andi madini menshi ya gikirisitu, cyane cyane ababonaga ko ari uburenganzira bwa gikristo, kandi Abayahudi benshi ba orotodogisi babona ko gukuramo inda atari uburenganzira, ahubwo ko ari bibi kandi ko ari icyaha cyica. [228]
Amategeko yumuryango
amashusho ya videwo Ibyiringiro byabantu hamwe na Eleanor Roosevelt; Bimeze bite ku bagore?, 59:07, 1962.
Mu Bwongereza, igitekerezo rusange cy’abantu benshi bashyigikira uburinganire bw’amategeko cyariyongereye cyane, bitewe n’akazi gakomeye k’abagore mu nshingano z’abagabo gakondo mu ntambara zombi z’isi. Mu myaka ya za 1960, hashyizweho gahunda yo gushyiraho amategeko, hashingiwe kuri raporo ya komite yatoranijwe ya Depite Willie Hamilton, umushahara we ungana ku mushinga w'akazi ungana, [254] hashyirwaho akanama gashinzwe ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina, umushinga wa Lady Sear umushinga w'itegeko rirwanya ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina, guverinoma Green Impapuro zo mu 1973, kugeza mu 1975 igihe itegeko rya mbere ry’ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina ry’Abongereza, itegeko rihembwa kimwe, na komisiyo ishinzwe amahirwe angana. [255] [256] Abifashijwemo na guverinoma y'Ubwongereza, ibindi bihugu bya EEC ntibyatinze gukurikiza amasezerano yo kwemeza ko amategeko y'ivangura azavaho mu bihugu bigize Umuryango w'Uburayi.
Ishyirahamwe rirengera no kurengera uburenganzira bw’umugore muri Arabiya Sawudite ni umuryango utegamiye kuri leta wa Arabiya Sawudite washinzwe gutanga uburenganzira ku burenganzira bw’umugore. Yashinzwe na Wajeha al-Huwaider na Fawzia Al-Uyyouni, ikura mu rugendo rwo mu 2007 kugira ngo ibone abagore uburenganzira bwo gutwara. Iri shyirahamwe ntabwo ryemewe na guverinoma ya Arabiya Sawudite, kandi ryasabwe kudatera imyigaragambyo. [262] Mu kiganiro 2007, al-Huwaider yasobanuye intego: "Ishyirahamwe rizaba rigizwe na shampiyona nyinshi, buri shyirahamwe rikurikirana ikibazo cyangwa uburenganzira butandukanye ... guhagararira abagore mu nkiko za shariya; gushyiraho imyaka [ntarengwa] ku bashakanye b'abakobwa; kwemerera abagore kwita ku bibazo byabo bwite mu bigo bya Leta no kubemerera kwinjira mu nyubako za leta; kurinda abagore ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo, nk'ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina cyangwa mu magambo, cyangwa kumubuza kwiga, akazi, cyangwa gushyingirwa, cyangwa kumuhatira gutandukana ... "[263]
Mu nama ya kane y’isi ku bagore i Beijing (1995), hashyizweho umukono ku ihuriro ry’ibikorwa. Harimo kwiyemeza kugera ku "buringanire no guha ubushobozi abagore". [267] [268] Imihigo imwe yongeye gushimangirwa n’ibihugu byose bigize Umuryango w’abibumbye mu nama y’ikinyagihumbi mu 2000 kandi byagaragaye mu ntego z'ikinyagihumbi zizagerwaho muri 2015.
Mu mwaka wa 2010, Umuryango w’abibumbye washinzwe binyuze mu guhuza Ishami rishinzwe guteza imbere abagore, Ikigo mpuzamahanga cy’ubushakashatsi n’amahugurwa kigamije guteza imbere abagore, ibiro by’umujyanama wihariye cyangwa ibibazo by’uburinganire biteza imbere abagore n’ikigega cy’umuryango w’abibumbye gishinzwe iterambere. Abagore ku cyemezo cy'Inteko rusange 63/311.
Uburenganzira bwa muntu
Ishiraho kandi gahunda y'ibikorwa byo gukuraho ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina aho ibihugu byemeza ayo masezerano bisabwa gushyiraho uburinganire hagati y’amategeko y’imbere mu gihugu, kuvanaho ingingo zose z’ivangura mu mategeko yabo, no gushyiraho ingingo nshya zo kwirinda ivangura rishingiye ku ivangura. abagore. Bagomba kandi gushyiraho inkiko n’ibigo bya Leta byemeza ko abagore barinda ivangura, kandi bagafata ingamba zo gukuraho ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose rikorerwa abagore ku giti cyabo, imiryango, n’inganda. [274]
Itangazo rya Vienne na Gahunda y'ibikorwa
Ku ya 31 Ukwakira 2000, Inama y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe umutekano yemeje ku mwanzuro w’inama y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe umutekano 1325, inyandiko ya mbere yemewe n’amategeko yatanzwe n’akanama gashinzwe umutekano ku isi isaba ibihugu byose kubahiriza byimazeyo amategeko mpuzamahanga arengera ikiremwamuntu n’amategeko mpuzamahanga y’uburenganzira bwa muntu akoreshwa mu burenganzira. no kurengera abagore n’abakobwa mu gihe na nyuma y’intambara yitwaje intwaro.
Ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore
Ingingo ya kabiri:
Gufata ku ngufu n'ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina
Umusore ukomoka mu Bushinwa w’amoko wari muri imwe muri "bataillon ihumuriza" yingabo z’Ubuyapani, abazwa n’umusirikare w’ubumwe (reba abagore bahumuriza).
Itsembabwoko ryo mu Rwanda
Mu 1998, Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rw’u Rwanda rwashyizweho n’umuryango w’abibumbye rwafashe ibyemezo by’ingenzi ko gufata ku ngufu ari icyaha cya jenoside hakurikijwe amategeko mpuzamahanga. Urubanza rwa Jean-Paul Akayesu, umuyobozi wa komini ya Taba mu Rwanda, rwemeje ko gufata ku ngufu ari kimwe mu bigize icyaha cya jenoside. Urubanza rwa Akayesu rurimo gusobanura no gusaba bwa mbere urukiko mpuzamahanga rw’amasezerano yo mu 1948 yo gukumira no guhana icyaha cya jenoside. Urugereko rwa Mbere rw'Iremezo rwemeje ko gufata ku ngufu bisobanura ko ari "igitero cy’umubiri cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina cyakozwe ku muntu ku gahato ku gahato", kandi ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina rikaba ari ibikorwa bya jenoside mu gihe byakozwe hagamijwe kurimbura, muri rusange cyangwa igice, itsinda rigenewe. Yasanze ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ryagize uruhare rukomeye mu bikorwa byo gusenya ubwoko bw’abatutsi kandi ko gufata ku ngufu byari gahunda kandi ko byakorewe abagore b’abatutsi gusa, bikagaragaza intego yihariye isabwa kugira ngo ibyo bikorwa bibe jenoside. [290]
Akamaro k’Imigano
Uwitwa Mico Oscar Nzeyimana ufite ikigo cyitwa Mon Bamboo mu Karere ka Rubavu, avuga ko ashobora gutegura imigano ikavamo divayi yo kunywa cyangwa ibyo kurya nka Salades, ifiriti, makaroni cyangwa inyama zo kurisha andi mafunguro.
Nzeyimana yashinze ishuri ry’abantu 30 yigisha gukora ibintu bitandukanye mu migano, akaba azabahugura mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu mbere y’uko na bo batekereza gushinga inganda zabo.
Umugezi wa Lese
Umugezi wa Lese ni uruzi ruherereye mu majyaruguru ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Itembera mu Ntara ya Aketi mu Karere ka Bas-Uwele.
Ishyamba rya Achimota
Reba
<references group="" responsive="1"> Ikiciro:Amashyamba yo muri Afurika Ikiciro:Amashyamba yo muri Gana
Ibrahima Wade
Ibrahima Wade (wavutse ku ya 6 Nzeri 1968) ni umukinnyi wa bigize umwuga w'umufaransa wiruka cyane muri metero 400. Yahinduye ubwenegihugu avuye mu gihugu cye cya Senegali mu 2000.
Jacques Maghoma
Inyandiko
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo
Imisozi ya Ngong
Imiterere
Mu myaka y'ubutegetsi bw'abakoloni b'Abongereza, agace gakikije imisozi ya Ngong kari agace gakomeye ko guhinga, kandi amazu menshi ya gikoroni aracyagaragara muri ako gace. Muri filime yitwa Hanze ya Afurika yakinnywe mu mwaka wa 1985, impinga enye z’imisozi ya Ngong zigaragara inyuma y’amashusho menshi hafi y’inzu ya Karen Blixen. Abaturage baho baracyavuga ko babonye intare k'umusozi mu myaka ya za 90. Imva yonyine ya Denys Finch Hatton, iherereye mu burasirazuba bw'imisozi ya Ngong, yitegeye parike y'igihugu ya Nairobi.
Hafi y'imisozi ni umujyi wa Ngong. Sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi ya Ngong Hills yarangiye kubakwa mu mwaka wa 2015.
Giant kingfisher
Iyo ugize amahirwe yo gutembera ahantu hari amazi atemba cyangwa adatemba ushobora kuhasanga inyoni zitandukanye ziri kuhashakira amafunguro.
Zimwe mu zo uzahabona ni inyoni zigenda zihagarara hejuru y’amazi zabonamo icyo zishakamo zikamanuka ku muvudoko mwinshi zigahita zigifata cyangwa se ku bw’amahirwe macye ntibizihire.
Ibibangamira Giant Kingfisher
Giant Kingfisher ikunda kuboneka mu byanya bikomye. Nubwo bimeze bityo ishobora no kuboneka ahandi hantu hatandukanye, bityo rero zishobora kugirwaho ingaruka zikomeye n’imiti yica udukoko iva mu mirima y’ubuhinzi igatembera mu mazi. Ikindi kizibangamira ni ukubura aho zitera no kubura aho kuba.
Ibyo wamenya kuri Marabou stork
Waba ubizi cyangwa utabizi burya hari ibisiga bikora akazi katoroshye ko gukora isuku ahantu hatandukanye haba aho dutuye cyangwa kure y’aho dutuye.
Impyisi
Andi moko
Muri aya moko yose impyisi zidomaguye ni zo nini kuruta izindi, kuko zishobora kugeza kuri metero 2 z’uburebure ukongeraho umurizo wa santimetero 30.
Imibereho
Mu bijyanye n’imibanire hagati yazo, izi nyamaswa zibaho nk’izindi nyamabere zitandukanye.
Imirire
Izi mpyisi zifite ibidomo ku ruhu ni indyabyose kuko zitungwa n’ibintu bitandukanye nko guhiga no kurya ibisigazwa byasigajwe n’izindi ndyanyama ndetse n’amagi n’imbuto.
Iyo iyi mpyisi igiye guhiga iri yonyine ihiga inyamabere nto nk’inkwavu, imbwebwe, inguzu, inyoni n’ibisiga, amafi, inzoka n’amayezi. Iyo zigiye guhiga ari nyinshi zihiga inyamabere nini nk’amoko y’isha atandukanye, impala, impalage, inkorongo, isatura n’ibindi.
Mutarama 2012 Umwuzure wa Fiji
thumb|Mutarama 2012 Umwuzure wa Fiji Itariki: ya 21 Mutarama - 12 Gashyantare 2012 Ahantu: Viti Levu (cyane cyane mu burengerazuba), Vanua Levu
Umugezi wa Kwilu
Ibiranga
Ni uruzi rutemba. Hafi yumunwa wacyo ni metero 950 z'ubugari. Ibikoresho byo kuryama ni umucanga. Uruzi rufite kilometero 965 zu burebure. Mugihe cyi zuba ahantu huzuye umwuzure ufite kilometero 1,550. Amazi y’umugezi azamuka ku butumburuke buri hagati ya metero 1,000 na 1,800 mu misozi miremire ya Angola. Bamanuka cyane mu kibaya cyo hagati cya Kongo hagati ya 500 metres (1,600 ft) na 300 metres (980 ft) hejuru yinyanja. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu mwaka wa 2011 bwerekanye amoko 113 y’amafi mu miryango 21 hamwe n’ibicuruzwa umunani. [4]
Mutarama 2012 Umwuzure wa Fiji
Imyiteguro n'ingaruka
Ibiro bishinzwe imicungire y’ibiza byatangaje ko uduce twa Nadi na Lautoka (imijyi ya kabiri n’iya gatatu mu gihugu), Ba, Sigatoka, na Rakiraki ari byo byibasiwe cyane, byose bikaba byatangajwe ko biri mu byago.
Umugezi wa Kwango
Amateka
Abanya Portigale bakolonije ikibaya cy'umugezi wa Kwango bigarurira ubwami bwa Kasanje. Umugezi wa Kwango wasinywe n’amasezerano y’igiportigale i Lisbonne ku ya 25 Gicurasi 1891, n’itangazo ryo ku ya 24 Werurwe 1894.
Ikiraro cya Rusumo
Ubukungu
Ubukungu bwa EAC bwazamutse ku kigero kiri hagati ya 7 na 8% biturutse cyane ku bwiyongere bw’urujya n’uruza bw’ibicuruzwa.
Steve Zakuani
Steve Zakuani, (Yavutse Ku ya 9 Gashyantare 1988 i Kinshasa, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo) ni umukinnyi ukina Umupira w'amaguru mu bongereza ukomoka mu banyekongo. Yatoranijwe bwa mbere n’igihugu cye mu mukino wa gicuti na Mali muri Gushyingo 2010. Murumuna we, na Gabriel nawe ni umunyamahanga wa congo.
Umugezi wa Yala
Imiterere y'Umugezi wa Yala
Igishanga cya Yala ku nkombe z'umugezi gifite kirometerokare 175 ku nkombe y'amajyaruguru y'Ikiyaga cya Victoria. [1] Igishanga kirimo hegitari 1,500. Ikiyaga cya Kanyaboli, igishanga cy’amazi meza ya deltaic gifite ubujyakuzimu bwa metero 3 metres, igaburirwa n’amazi y’inzuzi za Nzoia na Yala hamwe n’amazi atemba ava mu kiyaga cya Victoria. Ikiyaga gitanga ubuhungiro bw' amoko menshi y’amafi atakiboneka mu kiyaga cya Victoria. [6]
Igisiga cya African openbill stork
Imyororokere
Ibyari byabyo bibyubaka ahantu hari ibindi bisiga birimo ibiyongoyongo, African spoonbill (igisiga gifite umunwa umeze nk’ikiyiko), African darter (igisiga kimeze bk’inzoka) n’bindi.
Umusozi wa Meru
Ubumenyi bw'isi
Abashakashatsi benshi bagaragaza umusozi wa Meru cyangwa Sumeru hamwe na Pamirs, mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa Kashmir.
Tristan M'Bongo
Guhitamo igihugu
Yubaha cape ye yonyine hamwe na congo, Ku ya 21 Gicurasi 2010 kurwanya Arabiya Sawudite. Umukino warangiye batsinzwe ibitego 2-0.
SQUACCO HERON
IMYOROROKERE
iyi nyoni kandi ikaba isangiye imico nandi moko ya HERON nka pond heron
Umugezi wa Kibali
right|thumb|300x300px| Ikarita yerekana uruzi rwa Kibali mu kibaya cy'amazi ya Ubangi Umugezi wa Kibali ni uruzi rw'uruzi rwa Uwele muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Ikomoka mu misozi yegereye ikiyaga cya Albert kandi itemba igana iburengerazuba nko mu kilometero 1,000 kwifatanya n'u mugezi wa Dungu ahitwa Dungu aho uruzi rwa Uele rushingwa. Uele ni uruzi rwuruzi rwa Ubangi, hanyuma rukinjira mu ruzi runini rwa Kongo. Ikiciro:Umugezi wa congo
Kidumu Mantantu
Ubuzima
Ni umukinnyi uri umunyamahanga wa Zayire. Yakinnye ibikombe 3 by'Afurika: muri 1968 (uwatsinze, ibitego 2), 1972 ( 4 ) na 1974 (uwatsinze, igitego 1). Yakinnye kandi mu gikombe cyisi cyo mu 1974 ( mu cyiciro cy'ambere, imikino 3, ibitego 0, ikarita 1 y'umuhondo).
I Buhanga kwa Gihanga
thumb|ishyamba rya Buhanga
Ishyamba
thumb|Ishyamba Ukimara kwinjira muri aka gace kagizwe ahanini n’ishyamba, utungurwa n’umutuzo udasanzwe uhagaragara ndetse n’ibiti byo mubwoko butandukanye budakunze kugaragara hirya no hino mu Rwanda. Hirya y’amoko atandukanye y’ibiti hamwe n’umutuzo urangwa muri kariya gace, unahabona ibimenyetso byifashishwaga mu kwimika abami mu myaka yatambutse ukabasha kubisobanukirwa ubifashijwemo n’umukozi w’ikigo cy’igihugu cy’iterambere (RDB) uhakorera buri munsi.
Marie Hanitra
Ihuza ryo hanze
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Morise
Inyoni ya Spur-winged goose
Imiterere ya Spur-winged goose
Iki gishuhe kiboneka muri Afurika mu gice cyo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Africa. Spur-winged goose igice kinini cy’umubiri wayo hasa n’umukara n’akabara k’icyatsi kibisi gashashagirana gusa mu maso ni umweru kandi no ku mababa hagaragaraho ibara ry’umweru.
Kongo Nili
Kongo Nili
Kongo Nili cyangwa congo nili ni uruhererekane rw’imisozi ifite ubutumburuke buri hagati ya m 2500 na 3000, Iryo sunzu ricuramiye ikiyaga cya Kivu, rigabanya amazi y’u Rwanda mu bice bibiri amazi yisuka mu kibaya cy’uruzi rwa Kongo mu burengerazuba n’amazi yisuka mu kibaya cya Nili mu burasirazuba, Isunzu rya Kongo Nili, mu majyaruguru hashyira i burengerazuba, higanje uruhererekane rw’imisozi y’ibirunga bitanu harimo ikirunga kibisumba byose aricyo Karisimbi gifite ubutumburuke bungana na m 4507.
Larrys Mabiala
Paris Saint Germain
Kugira ngo yungukire ku gihe kinini cyo gukina, yatijwe muri shampiyona yo muri 2007-2008 muri Plymouth ( Shampiyona ), ariko uburambe bwo mu Bwongereza bwa ragabanutse kuko yakomeretse ivi umunsi umwe mbere y’umukino wa mbere wa shampiyona ya gombaga kwitabira. Abakozi b'ubuvuzi bahise bifuza ko yabazwe ariko abigishije inama na muganga wa PSG, yahisemo k ubyanga akurikiza ubuvuzi no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe mu Bufaransa. Mu gihe yakiriye i Paris, umuyobozi wa Plymouth Ian Holloway yimukiye mu mujyi wa Leicester. Yasimbuwe na Paul Sturrock,  maze ahitamo kubanza guhagarika inguzanyo ye. Mabiala yahise yi njira mu bakozi mu myitozo maze akina imikino ibiri n'ikipe yabigenewe bituma umuyobozi ahindura ibitekerezo, amaherezo ashaka kumugumana. Bibabaje Mabiala ariko ahitamo gusubira i Paris. Yarekuwe mu masezerano ye Ku ya 20 Ukuboza 2007 kandi ntazakina umukino uwo ariwo wose n'ikipe ya mbere.
Inyoni ya Black crake
Ahantu Black crake ikunda kuba
Iyi nyoni ikunda kuba ahantu hari amazi kandi hakaba hari ibyatsi n’ibiti kuri ayo mazi. Ahantu hari amazi atemba cyangwa adatemba iyi nyoni ishobora kuhaba.
Joel Kimwaki
amahuza yo hanze
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Gana
Inyoni ya Black crake
Imibereho yayo iki gihe
Black crake muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara ziracyagaragara. Mu gihugu cya Malawi na Nigeria izi nyoni abaturage baho barazihiga kugira ngo bazirye cyangwa bazikoreshe mu buvuzi bwabo bwa gakondo.
Bijou Kisombe Mundaba
Bijou Kisombe Mundaba (yavutse Ku ya 29 Nzeri 1976 ho muri Zayire, ubu muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo ) ni umukinnyi ukina ari mpuzamahanga w'umupira wamaguru ukomoka muri congo (DRC), wakinnye nka myugariro.
Papy Kimoto
Ibiranga tekinike
Kugenda neza, birashobora no gukoreshwa nkikintu cyo hagati.
Intermediate Egret
itandukaniro nizindi Egret
n'uburebure bw'ijosi munsi gato y'uburebure bw'umubiri ikagira
Imyitwarire ya Egret
gifite igishishwa cyoroshye, iyo ziteye amagi zituraga nyuma 12, igice cya kabiri
Arsene Zola
Umwuga w'ikipe y'igihugu
Ku ya 29 Werurwe 2021, yakiriye bwa mbere mu majonjora ya CAN muri 2021 na Gambiya (intsinzi, 1-0).
GOLIATH HERON
GOLIATH HERON
sahara,hamwe n'umubare muto uboneka mu majyepfo thumb|KAGOMA y'ubungerazuba bwa aziya y'Epfo.
Imiterere
Uburebure bwayo ni (120-152 cm (3 ft 11in 5 ft 0 )
Ibitare bya Nyarubuye
Imiterere
Aya mabuye agaragara mu Murenge wa Nyarubuye n’uwa Nasho ahagaragara imisozi ibereye ubukerrugend bushingiye ku kurira imisozi, moto zo mu misozi n’ibindi bikorwa bitandukanye umuntu ashobora gukorera mu misozi myiza yaho.
Inyoni ya Rüppell’s Starling
Aho ikunda kuboneka
Ushobora kandi kunyarukira ku gishanga kiri mu Rubirizi hafi ya RAB, ushobora kandi gutambika umuhanda w’igitaka uva kuri Ruliba clays ugana Mwendo ubashije kugera aho hose n’ahandi henshi kubona izi nyoni byakorohera.
Andre Ngole Kona
Ubuzima
Yatangiye gukina umupira w'amaguru mu gihugu cye kavukire kandi akurikirana amakipe ya Lubumbashi ( FC Lubumbashi Sport ) na Barumbu ( SM Bibicha ). Hanyuma yagiye mu kigo cyigisha imyitozo cya Jomo Cosmos muri Afurika y'Epfo.
Imyitwarire ye myiza yaje muri shampiyona ya 1993–94, ubwo yatsindaga ibitego 21 byose mu cyiciro cya mbere cya Turukiya
Thievy Bifouma
Amahugurwa muri RC Strasbourg no kugenda muri Espanye
Afite Inkomoko y'Abanyekongo, Thievy yatangiriye muri CS Meaux mbere yo kwinjira mu kigo cy'amahugurwa cyo muri RC Strasbourg muri 2006. Muri 2009, yatangiriye mu basimbura muri CFA, akina imikino icyenda atsinda igitego kimwe. Nyuma yuko iyi kipe imanuka muri Gihugu, Thievy yimukiye mu ikipe ya Iberian Espanyol de Barcelona hari 2010. RC Strasbourg na CS Meaux bahise bajuririra FIFA kugira ngo bamagane uburyo bwo kugenda, butagombaga kwishyurwa indishyi z'indezi ( ibihumbi 90 000  ku mwaka bya mayero). Uyu mukinnyi amaze gusinyira uruhushya rwo gukinira muri esipanye, ikipe yaba Katolika amaherezo yaje gusonewe kwishyura izo indishyi.
Distel Zola
Distel Zola, (yavutse Ku ya 5 Gashyantare 1989 i Paris) ni umukinnyi ukina umupira w'amaguru ari mpuzamahanga ukomoka muri congo ukina nku mukinnyi wo hagati urinda.
Umugezi wa Yorodani
Yorodani izwi nka “Nahr Al Sharieat”, ni umugezi ufite uburebure bwa kilometero 251. Dufashe urugero rwa hafi aha, waba utangirira i Kigali ukagera i Rusizi, ku wanyuze inzira ya Huye-Nyungwe na Nyamasheke.
Aho iherereye
Unyura mu bice bitandukanye mbere yo kugera mu Nyanja ya Galilaya no mu y’Umunyu [cyangwa se Ipfuye].
Umubande
Inyamaswa mu mubande
thumb|Umusambi Ubundi hari inyamaswa zibera mu gishanga, Nku  musanbi, rero umusambi ukunze kuba munsi y’urugo ahantu hakonje, cyangwa ahegereye igishanga, cyangwa mu bishanga birimo amavomo aho mucyaro yitwa kano. Imisambi isigaye iba hamwe, kuko ubusanzwe muri kamere yayo itungwa n’udukoko two mu gishanga, ikogoga umubande wose ishaka ibyo kurya kuburyo yashoboraga kuva mu murenge umwe ikirirwa mu gishanga cy’undi murenge ikaza gutaha igihe cy’izuba rya Kiberinka, hari imisambi yabaga mu mubande wegereye igishanga cya Kanyonyomba.
Inyoni y'Umusure
Umusure (Speckled mousebird) ni inyoni muzakunda kubona mu gitondo irambuye amababa irimo kota akazuba cyangwa se yerekeje agatuza aho izuba ryarasiye. Mbese ni ukubera iki? Muri rusange umusure ukora ibyo byose kugira ngo umubiri wawo ugumane ubushyuhe buhagije kuko ubusanzwe ibyo urya ni ibihingwa bifite ibivumbikisho biri ku rwego rwo hasi.
Ibyatsi bifata ubutaka
thumb|Ibtatsi bifata ubutaka Ubu ni uburyo bwifashishwa mu buhinzi aho batera ibyatsi bifite imizi miremire bigafata ubutaka bushobora kugenda bitewe ni isuri aha twavuga nka tiribusakumu, sitariya, mukuna, urubingo.
Inyoni y'Umusure
Imiterere y’umusure
Umunwa w’umusure ku gice cyo hejuru ni umukara ariko ku gice cyo hasi hajya gusa n’umweru. Amaso y’umusure ni ikijuju kijimye kandi ku ruhu rukikije amaso nta bwoya buriho kandi hasa n’umukara. Amaguru n’amano by’umusure bijya gutukura. Ikindi twavuga ku musure ni uko ikigabo n’ikigore byose biba bisa.
Uko imisure yororoka
thumb|Imyororokere y'inyoni y'umusure. Umunyarwanda yaciye umugani ngo “Ntiwakubakira umusure umusure ngo wishingire n’imirizo yawo”. Nubwo ibyo hari ikindi bivuze ariko mu buryo busanzwe iyo ubonye umusure uri mu cyari ubona imirizo yose yibereye hanze ku buryo ushobora kuwufata bitakugoye nubwo ibyo ntawe twabishishikariza kuko byaba ari ukwangiza.
Inkoko zo mu mazi
Aho ziba
Inkoko zo mu mazi amasaha agize amanywa ziyamara zirimo koga mu mazi cyangwa zikavangamo kugendagenda hafi y’amazi. Ibyo kurya zibishaka mu mazi cyangwa ku nkengero z’amazi.
Zola Kiaku Arsène
Umwuga w'ikipe y'igihugu
Ku ya 29 Werurwe 2021, yakiriye bwa mbere mu majonjora ya CAN muri 2021 na Gambiya (intsinzi, 1-0).
Umugezi wa Yorodani
Ikoranabuhanga
Uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga yifashisha burimo n’ubukoresha igitonyanga cy’amazi [Drip irrigation], nibura iri rizigama 60% by’amazi ndetse rigafasha gukura neza kw’ibihingwa.
Uburenganzira bwa muntu n' ibidukikije
Abantu bose bashingiye kubidukikije dutuyemo. Ibidukikije bifite umutekano, bisukuye, bifite ubuzima bwiza kandi birambye ni ntangarugero mu kwishimira byimazeyo uburenganzira bwa muntu butandukanye, harimo uburenganzira ku buzima, ubuzima, kubyo kurya, amazi n’isuku. Nta bidukikije bifite ubuzima bwiza, ntidushobora gusohoza ibyifuzo byacu. Ntidushobora kugera no ku gipimo gito cy'icyubahiro cya muntu.
Kubungabunga ibidukikije birengera uburenganzira bwa muntu.
Ibihugu byinshi ubu byinjije uburenganzira ku bidukikije bisukuye mu itegeko nshinga ryabyo. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku isano riri hagati y’uburenganzira bwa muntu n’ibidukikije bigenda byiyongera muri iyi myaka. Inshingano z’uburenganzira bwa muntu n’ibidukikije, zashyizweho muri Werurwe 2012 zaguka muri 2018, zisuzuma inshingano z’uburenganzira bwa muntu kuko zijyanye n’ibidukikije bitekanye, bifite isuku, ubuzima bwiza kandi burambye.
Inkoko zo mu mazi
Ibindi
Umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku bidukikije utangaza ko muri iki gihe ku rwego rw’Isi habarurirwa izi nkoko zo mu mazi ziri hagati ya 2.900.000-6.200.000 Ibyo bigatuma izi nyoni zishyirwa ku rutonde rw’inyoni zitageramiwe cyane.
Marie Roilya
Yitabiriye amarushanwa menshi ya Shampiyona y'isi yo guterura ibiremereye. Yitabiriye imikino ya bavuga icyongereza muri 2014 mu birori bya bapima ibiro 58.
COP26
Imiterere nuko ikora
Inama iheruka kuba ku nshuro ya 25 yabereye muri Espagne mu mujyi wa Madrid mu Gushyingo 2019.
Ibindi
By’amahire, nta rirarenga ngo hakorwe impinduka zishobora kurokora ubuzima bw’abatuye isi ndetse zigakumira iyangirika rikomeye ry’umubumbe dutuye.
Thievy Guivane Bifouma Koulossa Gouombas
Amahugurwa muri RC Strasbourg no kugenda muri Espanye
Afite Inkomoko y'Abanyekongo, Thievy yatangiriye muri CS Meaux mbere yo kwinjira mu kigo cy'amahugurwa cyo muri RC Strasbourg muri 2006. Muri 2009, yatangiriye mu basimbura muri CFA, akina imikino icyenda atsinda igitego kimwe. Nyuma yuko iyi kipe imanuka muri Gihugu, Thievy yimukiye mu ikipe ya Iberian Espanyol de Barcelona hari 2010. RC Strasbourg na CS Meaux bahise bajuririra FIFA kugira ngo bamagane uburyo bwo kugenda, butagombaga kwishyurwa indishyi z'indezi ( ibihumbi 90 000  ku mwaka bya mayero). Uyu mukinnyi amaze gusinyira uruhushya rwo gukinira muri esipanye, ikipe yaba Katolika amaherezo yaje gusonewe kwishyura izo indishyi.
Mu gihe cyo muri 28 umunsi wa shampiona ya Esipanye muri 2010-2011, yatangiye gukina umwuga we na Deportivo La Coruna yinjira mu mikino habura iminota ibiri. Yagaragaye ku mukino wa nyuma w'igikombe cya Katolika, atsinda ibitego bitatu na FC Barcelona B.
Mons Bassouamina
Amahugurwa
Yasinye amasezerano ye yambere y'umwuga muri 2018. Hamwe na AS Nancy, Bassouamina yatangiye gukinira ikipe ya mbere iyobowe na Didier Tholot mu mukino wa Coupe de la Ligue na Red Star Football Club. Ubwo yatsinze igitego cye cya mbere cy'umwuga.
amahuza yo hanze
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo
Mons Rogeani André Bassouamina
Amahugurwa
Yasinye amasezerano ye yambere y'umwuga muri 2018. Hamwe na AS Nancy, Bassouamina yatangiye gukinira ikipe ya mbere iyobowe na Didier Tholot mu mukino wa Coupe de la Ligue na Red Star Football Club. Ubwo yatsinze igitego cye cya mbere cy'umwuga.
Guivane Bifouma Koulossa
Thievy Guivane Bifouma Koulossa Gouombas, (yavutse Ku ya 13 Gicurasi 1992 muri Saint-Denis) ni umukinnyi ukina umupira w'amaguru ari mpuzamahanga ukomoka muri congo, ukina nka rutahizamu muri OFI Crete.
Gouombas Thievy
Amahugurwa muri RC Strasbourg no kugenda muri Espanye
Afite Inkomoko y'Abanyekongo, Thievy yatangiriye muri CS Meaux mbere yo kwinjira mu kigo cy'amahugurwa cyo muri RC Strasbourg muri 2006. Muri 2009, yatangiriye mu basimbura muri CFA, akina imikino icyenda atsinda igitego kimwe. Nyuma yuko iyi kipe imanuka muri Gihugu, Thievy yimukiye mu ikipe ya Iberian Espanyol de Barcelona hari 2010. RC Strasbourg na CS Meaux bahise bajuririra FIFA kugira ngo bamagane uburyo bwo kugenda, butagombaga kwishyurwa indishyi z'indezi ( ibihumbi 90 000  ku mwaka bya mayero). Uyu mukinnyi amaze gusinyira uruhushya rwo gukinira muri esipanye, ikipe yaba Katolika amaherezo yaje gusonewe kwishyura izo indishyi.
Mons Rogeani
amahuza yo hanze
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo
Rogeani Bassouamina
Mons Bassouamina, yavutse Ku ya 28 Gicurasi 1998) ni umukinnyi w' Umufaransa - Umukinnyi wumupira ukomoka muri congo, ukina nka rutahizamu muri Pau FC  . Mons Bassouaina ni umuhungu w'uwahoze ari umukinnyi mpuzamahanga wa Kongo André Michel.
FC Pau
Muri Kamena 2022, Bassouamina yasinye muri Ligue 2 i Pau. Mubyukuri, ibyiringiro byo kongera guhinduka ukurikije amabwiriza ya Didier Tholot yemejwe umunsi wo gusinya.
Umwuga mpuzamahanga
Bassouamina yavukiye mu Bufaransa, akomoka muri Kongo. Numukinnyi mpuzamahanga muto m'ubufaransa. Yahamagariwe guhagararira ikipe y'igihugu ya Congo mu mukino wa gicuti muri Werurwe 2022.
Yatangiye gukina muri Congo mu mukino wa gicuti batsinzwe na Zambiya ku ya 25 Werurwe 2022.
Baudry Marvin
amahuza yo hanze
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo
Ikoranabuhanga mu Rwanda
Nubwo iterambere rigaragarira buri wese ariko haracyari urugendo niyo mpamvu U Rwanda rwagiye rutera inkunga amarushanwa ashingiye kw'ikoranabuhanga ndetse hatangwa namahugurwa hirya no hino mubaturage hagamije kubakundisha ikoranabuhanga.
Rogeani André
FC Pau
Muri Kamena 2022, Bassouamina yasinye muri Ligue 2 i Pau. Mubyukuri, ibyiringiro byo kongera guhinduka ukurikije amabwiriza ya Didier Tholot yemejwe umunsi wo gusinya.
Komisiyo ishinzwe amashyamba yo muri Afurika yo hagati
OFAC
ni ishami ryashinzwe mu mwaka w'2007, ishami ry’amashyamba yo muri Afurika yo hagati (OFAC) n’ishami ryihariye rya COMIFAC, ritanga amakuru agezweho kandi ajyanye n’amashyamba n’ibinyabuzima byo mu karere, hagamijwe kumenyesha ibyemezo no guteza imbere imiyoborere myiza no gucunga neza umutungo kamere.
Amashuri y’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro mu Rwanda
Ese uburyo bwo kwiga imyuga mu Rwanda bugeze he?
Rwanda Development board n'iki?
~ubushoramari buteye imbere
Mons André
Mons Bassouamina, yavutse Ku ya 28 Gicurasi 1998) ni umukinnyi w' Umufaransa - Umukinnyi wumupira ukomoka muri congo, ukina nka rutahizamu muri Pau FC  . Mons Bassouaina ni umuhungu w'uwahoze ari umukinnyi mpuzamahanga wa Kongo André Michel.
FC Pau
Muri Kamena 2022, Bassouamina yasinye muri Ligue 2 i Pau. Mubyukuri, ibyiringiro byo kongera guhinduka ukurikije amabwiriza ya Didier Tholot yemejwe umunsi wo gusinya.
Ubuzima bwite
Bassouamina ni umufana wu muziki wo muri congo, harimo rumba, ndombolo, coupé-décalé na soukous.
Igishanga cya Cyaruhogo
Tumenye Igishanga cya Cyaruhogo
Igishanga cya Cyaruhogo cyatangiye guhingwamo umuceri mu mwaka wa 1973.Igishanga cyari gifite amazi ahagije ariko yagiye akama kubera imiterere y'intara y'iburasirazuba ikunze kwibasirwa n'izuba.Akenshi mugihe cy'impeshyi usanga hadakunze kugaragara ibikorwa by'ubuhinzi muri icyo gishanga kubera ko nta mazi aba akirimo.Igishanga cya Cyaruhogo gihingwamo umuceri mu mwaka wa 2020 abahinzi bamaze umwaka bararaje imirima yabo kubera ko hari gahunda yogusana ibyuzi bihangano bifasha abahinzi kuhira imyaka, Icyifuzo cyabafite ubuhinzi munshingano bifuzako kuri hegitari imwe yubutaka havaho toni umunani z'umuceri.Igishanga gihuriweho n'abahinzi bo mu karere ka Rwamagana bahuriye mu makoperative ndetse nabo mukarere ka Ngoma bahuriye muyandi makoperative.
Umugezi wa Ngezi
Umugezi wa Ngezi ni umugezi wo hagati muri Zimbabwe.
Ibishanga numwuka duhumeka
Uruhare rwa leta mu kubungabunga ibishanga nibinyabuzima biba mu bishanga
byagaragaye ko iyo kubungabunga ibidukikije ndetse n'umutungo kamere bidakozwe hakiri kare
Parike y'igihugu cya komoro yo ku musozi wa Ntringui
Parike y'igihugu mu birwa bya komore iherereye mu misozi ya ya Ntringui ni parike yigihugu ku kirwa cya Anjouan muri komore. Ifite ubuso bwa kilometerokare 79.14 hagati yizinga. Iyi parike yatangijwe mu mwaka wa 2010. thumb|410x410px|ikiyaga cya dzialandze Iyi parike irimo umusozi wa Ntringui, impinga ndende ya Anjouan, hamwe n’ikiyaga cya Dzialandzé, ikiyaga cya crater nicyo kiyaga kinini cya Anjouan, n’ishyamba rya Moya, ishyamba rinini risigaye rya Anjouan.
Jan-Willem Breure
Azwi kandi nka producer numuyobozi wa documentaire ya 2012 ivuga ku mibonano mpuzabitsina yitwa Are All Men Pedophiles?. na documentaire ye Do Women Have A Higher Sex Drive?.
Tony Marvin
amahuza yo hanze
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo
Umugezi wa Insiza
Reba
Insiza Ikiciro:Zimbabwe
Barbara Minishi
Ubuzima bwamuranze
Ubu nsanze ndi ahantu hafunguye, nishora hamwe no guhora uhinduranya ibiganiro byerekanwe kumashusho, inkuru zubushakashatsi bwubumenyi bukubiyemo, ubumana bwumugore nibibazo byo gutekereza.
Emma Miloyo
Yavukiye kandi akurira i Nairobi. Yize mu ishuri ribanza rya Loreto Msongari mbere yo kwimukira mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Kenya. Yize imyubakire muri kaminuza y’ubuhinzi n’ikoranabuhanga ya Jomo Kenyatta, arangiza icyiciro cya kabiri cya Bachelor of Architecture mu 2006. Ntabwo ari we mugore wa mbere warangije muri kaminuza y’ubuhinzi n’ikoranabuhanga ya Jomo Kenyatta afite impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya mbere mu bwubatsi, ahubwo yaje no kuba perezida wa mbere w’umugore w’ishyirahamwe ry’ubwubatsi muri Kenya.
Akamaro k'ibishanga mu kuyungurura amazi
Ingaruka zo gutura mubishanga no gukoreramo ibikorwa bya muntu
ingaruka zo gutura mubishanga,guhingamo,gucamo inzira nyabagendwa,nibindi bikorwa bya muntu bitandukanye sibyiza kuko bituma ibinyabuzima bituye mu bishanga bihunga ikindi kandi byateza imyuzure kubahatuye bigahitana ubuzima bwa benshi nkuko byyagaragaye muri Leta zunze ubumwe z'amerika 1/2 k ibishanga byarangijwe mbere yuko hashyirwaho amategeko yo kurengera ibidukikije mu mwaka wi 1970 urugero nko muri leta ya Florida umujyi wa Everglades
Cecil Kenneth Baker
Ibyaranze ubuzima bwe
Bigaragara ko yabonye imyaka mike cyane y'amashuri asanzwe, kandi yiyigishaga nk'umuhanzi, ariko aterwa inkunga na se, wibeshaho nk'umushushanya inzu. Kenneth yakuriye munsi ya apartheid yo muri Afrika yepfo. Mu nkengero z'amavuko yari yibasiwe na guverinoma ya politiki y'icyo gihe yo kuvana ku gahato, aho imiryango ibihumbi n'ibihumbi yimuriwe mu tundi turere, ishingiye ku ivangura rishingiye ku moko. Umuryango wa Baker wari mu bimuwe.
Yakundaga kwamamara mu buzima bwe, akora imurikagurisha ry'umuntu umwe n'itsinda, ariko agurisha ibikorwa bye ku giciro gito ugereranyije, yishimira ko ibyo byatumye bishoboka. Kuva Kenneth apfa mu 1996, ibihangano bye byagiye bikurura abantu benshi, kandi agaragara mu byegeranyo byinshi bya Cape.
Umugezi wa Zambezi
Ikintu cyamenyekanye cyane ku mugezi wa Zambezi ni Isumo rya Victoria. Ayandi masumo twavuga harimo Isumo rya Chavuma ku mupaka uhuza Zambiya na Angola, n’isumo rya Ngonye hafi ya Sioma mu burengerazuba bwa Zambiya.
Umujyi wa i Nouakchott
Imirire
Inzoga ntabwo zemewe muri uyu mujyi, ariko ni nka bimwe byo muri Qatar uba usanga hari ahantu hamwe bazigurisha cyangwa se bikagusaba kujya muri hotel yawe aho waraye ukazihanywera.
Amafaranga akoreshwa
Amafaranga akoreshwa muri Mauritania yitwa Ouguiya, yasimbuye ama-CFA akoreshwa muri Afurika y’Uburengerazuba. Ufite 1000 Frw aba afite 35 y’Amanya-Mauritania.
Imihindagurikire y'ikirere ku isi
Ibyangiritse mu bukungu bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere birashobora kuba bikomeye kandi hari amahirwe y’ingaruka mbi. [199] Imihindagurikire y’ibihe ishobora kuba imaze kongera ubusumbane mu bukungu ku isi, kandi biteganijwe ko izakomeza. Ingaruka nyinshi ziteganijwe muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara, aho abaturage benshi baho batunzwe n'umutungo kamere n'ubuhinzi [201], na Aziya y'Amajyepfo-Uburasirazuba. [202] Banki y'isi ivuga ko imihindagurikire y’ikirere ishobora gutuma abantu barenga miliyoni 120 mu bukene mu 2030. [203]
Kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya bisaba kubyara amashanyarazi aturuka kuri karubone nkeya aho gutwika ibicanwa. Iri hinduka ririmo gukuraho amakara na gaze gasanzwe y’amashanyarazi, kongera cyane gukoresha umuyaga, izuba, n’ubundi bwoko bw’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ingufu. Amashanyarazi akomoka ku masoko adatanga imyuka ya karubone azakenera gusimbuza ibicanwa biva mu kirere kugira ngo bitwarwe n’amashanyarazi, inyubako zishyushya, n’inganda zikora inganda. [16] Carbone irashobora kandi gukurwa mu kirere, urugero nko kongera amashyamba no guhinga hakoreshejwe uburyo bufata karubone mu butaka.
Guhumanya ikirere, mu buryo bwa aerosole, bigira ingaruka ku kirere ku rugero runini. Indege ikwirakwiza kandi ikurura imirasire y'izuba. Kuva mu 1961 kugeza 1990, kugabanuka gahoro gahoro k'izuba ryageze ku isi byagaragaye. Iyi phenomenon izwi cyane ku izina rya dimming ku isi, [78] kandi iterwa na aerosole iterwa n'umukungugu, umwanda ndetse no gutwika ibinyabuzima na lisansi. [79] [80] [81] [82]
Ingamba zo kugabanya ingufu zikenerwa ziratandukanye. Mu bwikorezi, abagenzi n'imizigo barashobora guhinduka muburyo bwiza bwo gukora ingendo nka bisi na gari ya moshi, cyangwa gukoresha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi. Ingamba zinganda zo kugabanya ingufu zikenerwa harimo kunoza uburyo bwo gushyushya moteri na moteri, gukora ibicuruzwa bidakoresha ingufu nke, no kongera igihe cyibicuruzwa. [255] Mu rwego rw’ubwubatsi hibandwa ku gishushanyo mbonera cy’inyubako nshya, n’urwego rwo hejuru rw’ingufu zikoreshwa mu guhindura imikorere. [256] Gukoresha tekinoroji nka pompe yubushyuhe birashobora kandi kongera ingufu zubaka. [257]
Reba kandi: Ubuhinzi burambye na politiki y’inganda
Imiterere y’ikirere ihura n’ibihe bitandukanye byonyine bishobora kumara imyaka (nka El Niño - Oscillation y’Amajyepfo (ENSO)), imyaka mirongo cyangwa ibinyejana. Izindi mpinduka ziterwa n'ubusumbane bw'ingufu "ziva hanze" kuri gahunda y'ikirere, ariko ntabwo buri gihe zituruka ku isi. Ingero z’agahato ko hanze zirimo impinduka ziterwa nubushyuhe bwa gaze ya parike, urumuri rwizuba, kuruka kwikirunga, hamwe nuburyo butandukanye mubuzenguruka isi izenguruka izuba. [54]
Ingingo nyamukuru: Politiki y’imihindagurikire y’ikirere
Ingingo nyamukuru: Ingufu zirambye hamwe nubwikorezi burambye
Impinduka mu buhinzi. Amapfa, ubushyuhe bwiyongera, nikirere gikabije bigira ingaruka mbi mubuhinzi. Yerekanwa: Texas, Amerika (2013).
geopolitike y’imihindagurikire y’ikirere iragoye. Byakunze gushyirwaho nkikibazo cyo kugendera ku buntu, aho ibihugu byose byungukirwa na mituweli ikorwa n’ibindi bihugu, ariko ibihugu bitandukanye byatakaza kuva mu bukungu buke bwa karubone ubwabyo. Uku gushiraho kwamaganwe. Kurugero, inyungu zamakara ziva mubuzima rusange n’ibidukikije byaho birenze ikiguzi mu turere twose.Ikindi kandi, abatumiza ibicuruzwa biva mu kirere batsindira ubukungu mu bijyanye no guhindura ingufu zisukuye, bigatuma abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bahura n’umutungo wangiritse: ibicanwa biva mu kirere. ntibashobora kugurisha. [293]
Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ku isi hose, bishingiye kuri politiki n'imihigo guhera ku ya 21/11
Ibigize ubutaka mubutambike
Urugero rwubutaka bwubutaka
Ubutaka butambitse nigisubizo cyibikorwa byubutaka (pedogenezi). {{Tanga igitabo | umutwe = Ibyingenzi byubumenyi bwubutaka | umwanditsi = W.E.H. Blum | umwanditsi2 = P. Schad | umwanditsi3 = S. Amajyaruguru |
Imihindagurikire y'ikirere ku isi
Imyifatire ifatika yicyitegererezo igeragezwa no gusuzuma ubushobozi bwabo bwo kwigana ikirere cya none cyangwa cyahise. Ingero zashize zasuzuguye igipimo cyo kugabanuka kwa Arctique [127] kandi ntizasuzuguye igipimo cy’imvura yiyongera. Ubwiyongere bw'inyanja kuva mu 1990 ntibwigeze busuzumwa mu buryo bwa kera, ariko imiterere ya vuba iremeranya neza n’ubushakashatsi. Ishami ry’igihugu ry’Amerika ryasohoye mu mwaka wa 2017 rivuga ko "imiterere y’ikirere ishobora kuba idaha agaciro cyangwa ikabura uburyo bwo gutanga ibitekerezo".
Raporo ya gatandatu ya IPCC Isuzuma Raporo ihinduka mubushyuhe bwubutaka bushobora guhungabanya ubuhinzi nibidukikije. Kugabanuka k'ubutaka bwubutaka kubwo gutandukana bisanzwe bivuze ko impuzandengo yubutaka bwubutaka buzahuza numwaka wa cyenda wumye hagati ya 1850 na 1900 aho hantu.
Ifoto ya nimugoroba mucyaro. Skyline mumisozi iri hejuru yaka itukura kuva mumuriro.
Ibigize ubutaka mubutambike
Horizons
igikumwe | iburyo |
Imihindagurikire y'ikirere ku isi
Ikindi gitekerezo cyingenzi ni ukugabanya igifuniko cya shelegi hamwe nubura bwinyanja muri Arctique, bigabanya kugaragariza isi. [111] Ingufu nyinshi z'izuba ubu zinjiye muri utwo turere, bigira uruhare mu kongera ubushyuhe bwa Arctique. Kwiyongera kwa Arctique na byo gushonga permafrost, irekura metani na CO2 mu kirere. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe irashobora kandi gutuma metani irekurwa mu bishanga, sisitemu yo mu nyanja, hamwe n’amazi meza. Muri rusange, ibisubizo by’ikirere biteganijwe ko bizagenda neza.
Imiterere y’ikirere ntishobora kubyara ubushyuhe bwihuse bwagaragaye mu myaka ya vuba aha iyo urebye gusa itandukaniro ry’izuba n’ibikorwa by’ibirunga. Ibindi bimenyetso byerekana imyuka ihumanya ikirere itera ubushyuhe bukabije ku isi biva mu bipimo byerekana ubushyuhe bw’ikirere cyo hasi (troposse), hamwe no gukonjesha ikirere cyo hejuru (stratosifera). [101] Niba imirasire y'izuba ari yo nyirabayazana w'ubushyuhe bwagaragaye, troposse na stratosifike byombi byari gushyuha. thumb|ibihumanya ikirer Ibitekerezo by’imihindagurikire y’ibihe
Abantu
Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o
Igihe cy'fungwa
Igihe yari muri gereza, Ngũgĩ yafashe icyemezo cyo guhagarika kwandika amakinamico ye n'ibindi bikorwa mu cyongereza maze atangira kwandika ibihangano bye byose mu rurimi rwe kavukire, Gikuyu.
Ubuhungiro
Igihe Ngũgĩ yari mu buhungiro, yakoranye na komite ikorera i Londres ishinzwe kurekura imfungwa za politiki muri Kenya (1982–98). [21] [7] Muri iki gihe, Matigari ma Njiruungi (byahinduwe na Wangui wa Goro mu Cyongereza nka Matigari). Mu 1984, yasuye Porofeseri muri kaminuza ya Bayreuth, naho umwaka wakurikiyeho ni Umwanditsi-utuye mu gace ka Islington i Londres. Yize kandi filime mu kigo cya Dramatiska i Stockholm, muri Suwede (1986).
Inyandiko yasohoye
Novels Weep Not, Child (1964), ISBN 978-0143026242 The River Between (1965), ISBN 0-435-90548-1 A Grain of Wheat (1967, 1992), ISBN 0-14-118699-2 Petals of Blood (1977), ISBN 0-14-118702-6 Caitaani Mutharaba-Ini (Devil on the Cross, 1980) Matigari ma Njiruungi, 1986 (Matigari, translated into English by Wangui wa Goro, 1989), ISBN 0-435-90546-5 Mũrogi wa Kagogo (Wizard of the Crow, 2004), ISBN 9966-25-162-6 The Perfect Nine: The Epic of Gĩkũyũ and Mũmbi (2020) Short story collections A Meeting in the Dark (1974)[82] Secret Lives, and Other Stories, (1976, 1992), ISBN 0-435-90975-4[citation needed] Minutes of Glory and Other Stories (2019)[citation needed] Plays The Black Hermit (1963)[citation needed] This Time Tomorrow (three plays, including the title play, "The Rebels", "The Wound in the Heart" and "This Time Tomorrow") (1970)[83] Homecoming: Essays on African and Caribbean Literature, Culture, and Politics (1972), ISBN 0-435-18580-2[citation needed] The Trial of Dedan Kimathi (1976), ISBN 0-435-90191-5, African Publishing Group, ISBN 0-949932-45-0 (with Micere Githae Mugo and Njaka)[82] Ngaahika Ndeenda: Ithaako ria ngerekano (I Will Marry When I Want) (1977, 1982) (with Ngũgĩ wa Mirii)[citation needed] Memoirs Detained: A Writer's Prison Diary (1981)[citation needed] Dreams in a Time of War: a Childhood Memoir (2010), ISBN 978-1-84655-377-6[citation needed] In the House of the Interpreter: A Memoir (2012), ISBN 978-0-30790-769-1[citation needed] Birth of a Dream Weaver: A Memoir of a Writer's Awakening (2016), ISBN 978-1-62097-240-3[citation needed] Wrestling with the devil: A Prison Memoir (2018) [84] Other nonfiction Education for a National Culture (1981)[82] Barrel of a Pen: Resistance to Repression in Neo-Colonial Kenya (1983)[82] Mother, Sing For Me (1986)[citation needed] Writing against Neo-Colonialism (1986)[82] Decolonising the Mind: The Politics of Language in African Literature (1986), ISBN 978-0852555019 Moving the Centre: The Struggle for Cultural Freedoms (1993), ISBN 978-0852555309 Penpoints, Gunpoints and Dreams: The Performance of Literature and Power in Post-Colonial Africa (The Clarendon Lectures in English Literature 1996), Oxford University Press, 1998, ISBN 0-19-818390-9[85] Something Torn and New: An African Renaissance (2009), ISBN 978-0-465-00946-6[86] Globalectics: Theory and the Politics of Knowing (2012), ISBN 978-0231159517 Globalectics: Theory and the Politics of Knowing on JSTOR Secure the Base: Making Africa Visible in the Globe (2016), ISBN 978-0857423139 Children's books Njamba Nene and the Flying Bus (translated by Wangui wa Goro) (Njamba Nene na Mbaathi i Mathagu, 1986)[citation needed] Njamba Nene and the Cruel Chief (translated by Wangui wa Goro) (Njamba Nene na Chibu King'ang'i, 1988)[citation needed] Njamba Nene's Pistol (Bathitoora ya Njamba Nene, 1990), ISBN 0-86543-081-0[citation needed] The Upright Revolution, Or Why Humans Walk Upright, Seagull Press, 2019, ISBN 9780857426475