cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
MINISITERI Y'IBIDUKIKIJE YIYEMEJE KONGERA UBUSO BUTEYEHO IMIGANO MU RWEGO RWO KURWANYA ISURI NO GUTEZA IMBERE IBIKORERWA MU RWANDA
Umuganda w’uyu munsi wabaye mu gihe u Rwanda rushyira mu bikorwa gahunda yo kwirinda ikwirakwira ry’icyorezo cya Korona Virusi, ukaba witabiriwe n’abantu bake kugira ngo bishoboke kubahiriza intera nini hagati y’umuntu n’undi mu gihe bakora.
Tisserand Marcel
Marcel Tisserand, (Yavutse Ku ya 10 Mutarama 1993 i Meaux, mu Bufaransa) ni umukinnyi ukina umupira w'amaguru ari mpuzamahanga ukomaka muri congo, ukina nka myugariro wo hagati muri Ettifaq FC.
Muri ikipe
Muri 2006, yinjiye muri INF Clairefontaine, ahamara imyaka itatu yo gutangira imyitozo.
Yatorejwe muri AS Monaco aho yatwaye igikombe cya Gambardella muri 2011, yasinye amasezerano ye ya mbere ya bigize umwuga muri Kamena 2013. Nyuma yo kwitabira shampiyona hamwe nitsinda rya Claudio Ranieri, yatangiye umwuga we wa mbere tKu ya 10 Kanama kwinjira mu bihe bya nyuma by'intsinzi i Bordeaux.
Inyandiko
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo
Martin Kayongo-Mutumba
Martin Kayongo-Mutumba (yavutse yitwa Martin Mutumba, ku ya 15 Kamena 1985) yahoze ari umukinnyi ukina umupira w'amaguru w'abigize umwuga wakinaga nk'umukinnyi wo hagati mu kibuga. Yibukwa cyane kumwanya muri AIK, aho yatsindiye Allsvenskan na Svenska Cupen muri 2009. Yavukiye muri Suwede ku babyeyi bakomoka muri Uganda, yahagarariye amakipe yo muri Suwede baterengeje imyaka 17 na 19 mbere yo gukinira umukino mpuzamahanga wa mbere muri Uganda muri 2012.
Mwinuka Henry Newton
Mwinuka Henry Newton ni umugabo ukomoka muri Tanzaniya, akaba umutoza mu mukino wa Basketball mu Rwanda. Mwinuka Henry Newton yatoje amakipe nka REG BBC ( The Rwanda Energy Group Basketball Club )  akaba yaratwaye ibikombe 2 bya shampiyona mu basketball bitegurwa na federation ya basketball mu Rwanda mugihe cy imyaka 2 ndetse yanayoboye  imikino mpuzamahanga ya BAL (Basketball Africa League), yatoje kandi Patriots BBC ( Patriots Basketball Club ) mu gihe cy'imyaka 4 kugeza  Ugushyingo 2019,  yayihaye ibikombe bitatu :
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Siporo Ikiciro:Siporo ya basketball Ikiciro:Umutoza wa basket
Martin Kayongo-Mutumba
Umwuga wo hambere
Mu 2004 AIK yifuzaga ko Mutumba yakina na FC Café Opera, ikipe yakoraga nk'ikipe ntoya ya AIK. Kubwamahirwe macye, Mutumba yavunitse ukuguru mu marushanwa yo mu rugo yakinnye na bagenzi be mbere yuko shampiyona itangira kandi ntabwo yigeze ashobora gukina umukino uwo ari wo wose wa Café Opera. Yavuze ko yatakaje imbaraga zogukina umupira w'amaguru, Urukiko rw'ubucamanza rw'amuhaye amahirwe ya kabiri ahitamo gukomeza umupira.
Ubuzima bwite
Igihe yabanje gusinyana na AIK, akiri ingimbi, ise yaretse akazi maze Mutumba ukiri muto aha umuryango amafaranga yinjiza. Iyo kipe yamuretse aragenda, umuryango wahise wisanga m'ubibazo by'ubukungu.
Reba
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Uganda
Masaka Inland Container Depot
Ububiko bwa Masaka Imbere mu Gihugu ( MICD ), ni icyambu cyumye kiri mu mujyi wa Kigali, umurwa mukuru w'u Rwanda.
Aho biherereye
Ikigo giherereye mu gace ka Masaka, mu mujyi wa Kigali, nko mu kilometero 17.5 y'iburasirazuba bw'umujyi rwagati rw'ubucuruzi.
Incamake
Muri Mutarama 2016, guverinoma y'u Rwanda yasinyanye amasezerano na Dubai Ports World ( DPW ) yo kubaka icyitwa Kigali Logistics Platform ( KLP ). DPW noneho yacunga kandi igakoresha depo yumye ku myaka igera kuri 25 uhereye igihe yarangirije.
Iterambere ryicaye kuri hectare 30 z'umutungo utimukanwa. Serivise zirimo serivisi za gasutamo no kugenzura ibicuruzwa, serivisi zinjira, kubungabunga no gusana, ibikoresho bya banki nibikoresho bya IT.
Icyambu cyumye kizatanga uburyo bwo gupakurura no gupakurura amakamyo atwara abantu, ububiko, bukonje. Ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga birashobora kandi gutangwa binyuze mu bikoresho byoherejwe mu mijyi ituranye, Goma na Bukavu mu ntara ya DR Congo y'Amajyaruguru n'Amajyepfo ya Kivu. Ikigo gihujwe n’icyambu cya Dar es Salaam aho abantu binjirira umuhanda wa koridori rwagati.
Ubwubatsi
Icyiciro cya mbere cyicyambu cyimbere cyubatswe hagati ya 2016 na 2018, kuri kuri hectare 13 ku giciro cyateganijwe miliyoni 35 z'amadolari.
Icyiciro cya kabiri, biteganijwe ko kizakurikira icya mbere, gikubiyemo kubaka ibikoresho bigezweho bikonje bikonje kuri hecitare 7. Igiciro cy'ibyiciro byombi giteganijwe kuri miliyoni 80 z'amadolari.
Nyirubwite
MICD irimo gutezwa imbere na Dubai Ports World, umushinga mpuzamahanga ushinzwe iterambere ry’inyanja n’umuyobozi, ufite ama terminal arenga 70 ku isi, afite abakozi barenga 35.000. DPW izatunga kandi icunge ikigo mu myaka 25 uhereye igihe yatangiriye.
Ihuza ryo hanze
Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi
Danny Nanone
Umuraperi Ntakirutimana Danny uzwi nka Danny Nanone umuhanzi ukora injyana ya HipHop wamenyekanye cyane ubwo yakoranaga indirimbo “Akamunani” n’umuhanzi King James.
Ubuzima bwite
Yavutse ku itariki ya 28 Kanama 1990, atuye i Nyamirambo mu mujyi wa Kigali. 2009 yafashe icyemezo yinjira muri Studio bwa mbere akora indirimbo yise akamunani, iyi ikaba yarakunzwe ndetse inakirwa neza mu bantu ibi biha imbaraga uyu muraperi wari ukiri muto icyakora impano yo yaramukuriyemo. Amaze kwitabira irushwan rya Primus Guma Guma Super Star inshuro zigera kuri ebyiri nubwo atagenda agira amahirwe yo kuryegukana. Indirimbo yise ‘Narya dance’ ni imwe mu ndirimbo zatumye uyu muraperi akundwa cyane.
Ubucuruzi bw’Iyakure (murandasi)
thumb|E-ubucuruz ubucuruzi bw’iyakure (ubucuruzi bwa elegitoronike) nigikorwa cyo kugura hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga cyangwa kugurisha ibicuruzwa kuri serivisi kumurongo cyangwa kurubuga rwa interineti. E-ubucuruzi bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga nk'ubucuruzi bugendanwa, kohereza amafaranga ya elegitoronike, gucunga amasoko, gucunga interineti, gutunganya ibicuruzwa kuri interineti, guhana amakuru hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga (EDI), uburyo bwo gucunga ibarura, hamwe na sisitemu yo gukusanya amakuru mu buryo bwikora. E-ubucuruzi nabwo buterwa niterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryinganda ziciriritse, kandi nigice kinini cyinganda za elegitoroniki.
Ubukerarugendo muri Eritereya
Ubukerarugendo muri Eritereya bwari bugizwe na 2% by'ubukungu bwa Eritereya mu mwaka wa 1997. Nyuma y'umwaka wa 1998, amafaranga yavuye mu bukerarugendo yagabanutse ku kigero cya kimwe cya kane mu mwaka wa 1997. Mu mwaka wa 2006 yari munsi ya 1% by'umusaruro rusange w'igihugu. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku bukerarugendo ryabaze ko amafaranga yinjira mu bukerarugendo mpuzamahanga mu gihugu mu mwaka wa 2002 yari miliyoni 73 z'amadolari y'Amerika. Amakuru aturuka mu mwaka wa 2015 avuga ko ba mukerarugendo nyamukuru ari abanya Eritereya baba mu bihugu byamahanga. Hariho kandi abubatsi bake bafite amatsiko basura igihugu. Icyakora, sosiyete y'indege ya Eritereya yitwa Eritrean Airlines, ntiyemerewe gutwara indege mpuzamahanga kubera guhungabanya umutekano kimwe n’ibihano byatumye abashyitsi mpuzamahanga bashingira ku ndege nka Ethiopian Airlines na Turkish Airlines kugira ngo bagere muri iki gihugu.
Ubucuruzi bw’Iyakure (murandasi)
Gusobanura ubucuruzi kuri murandasi
Iri jambo ryahimbwe kandi ryakoreshejwe bwa mbere na Dr. Robert Jacobson, Umujyanama mukuru muri komite ishinzwe ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi muri Leta ya Californiya, mu mutwe n’inyandiko y’itegeko ry’ubucuruzi bw’ikoranabuhanga rya Kaliforuniya, ryakozwe na Perezida wa Komite nyakwigendera Gwen Moore (D-L.A.) kandi ryashyizweho mu 1984.
Ubukerarugendo muri Eritereya
Guverinoma yatangije gahunda y’imyaka makumyabiri yo guteza imbere inganda z’ubukerarugendo mu gihugu. Icyakora, iterambere ry’ubukerarugendo ribangamiwe n’amapfa, igitugu cya politiki, ndetse n’intambara.
Ubucuruzi bw’Iyakure (murandasi)
Gusobanura ubucuruzi kuri murandasi
Ubucuruzi bwa e-busanzwe bukoresha urubuga byibuze igice cyubuzima bwubuzima nubwo bushobora no gukoresha ubundi buhanga nka e-imeri. Ubucuruzi busanzwe bwa e-ubucuruzi burimo kugura ibicuruzwa (nkibitabo biva muri Amazone) cyangwa serivisi (nko gukuramo imiziki muburyo bwo gukwirakwiza imibare nkububiko bwa iTunes). [1] Hariho ibintu bitatu byubucuruzi bwa e-bucuruzi: gucuruza kumurongo, amasoko ya elegitoronike, hamwe na cyamunara kumurongo. E-ubucuruzi bushigikirwa nubucuruzi bwa elegitoronike. Agaciro ko kubaho kuri e-ubucuruzi ni ukwemerera abaguzi kugura kumurongo no kwishyura kumurongo binyuze kuri interineti, bikabika umwanya numwanya wabakiriya ninganda, kuzamura cyane ibikorwa byubucuruzi, cyane cyane kubakozi bakora mubiro, ariko kandi bigatwara umwanya munini wingenzi. [3]
Ubukerarugendo muri Eritereya
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo
Ubucuruzi bw’Iyakure (murandasi)
Gusobanura ubucuruzi kuri murandasi
Ubucuruzi bwa e-bucuruzi bushobora kandi gukoresha bimwe cyangwa byose bikurikira:
Kugura kumurongo kugurisha kugurisha byerekeza kubakoresha ukoresheje imbuga za interineti na porogaramu zigendanwa, hamwe n’ubucuruzi bwo kuganira binyuze mu biganiro bizima, ibiganiro, hamwe n’abafasha mu majwi; [4]
Gutanga cyangwa kwitabira amasoko yo kumurongo, atunganya ibikorwa byabandi-bucuruzi-kubaguzi (B2C) cyangwa kugurisha-abaguzi (C2C);
Ubucuruzi-ku-bucuruzi (B2B) kugura no kugurisha; [5]
Gukusanya no gukoresha amakuru ya demokarasi ukoresheje imbuga nkoranyambaga;
Mateso Jean de Dieu
Mateso Jean de Dieu wamenyekanye cyane mu kazi ko gutoza ubwo yegukanaga igikombe cy’Amahoro mu Rwanda ari kumwe A.S Kigali muri 2019 atsinze S.C Kiyovu Sports, ubu akaba ari mu ikipe ya Mukura Victory Sport ibarizwa mu karere ka Huye.
AMASHAKIRO
Ikiciro:Rwanda Ikiciro:Abatoza ba Ruhago
Ubucuruzi bw’Iyakure (murandasi)
Gusobanura ubucuruzi kuri murandasi
Kwamamaza kubashaka kandi bashizweho nabakiriya kuri e-imeri cyangwa fax (urugero, hamwe nibinyamakuru);
Kwishora mubikorwa byo gutangiza ibicuruzwa na serivisi bishya;
Hariho ibyiciro bitanu byingenzi bya E-ubucuruzi: [6]
Ubucuruzi Kubucuruzi
Ubucuruzi kuri Guverinoma
Umuguzi ku Muguzi
Ifishi
Usibye e-ubucuruzi gakondo, ijambo m-Ubucuruzi (ubucuruzi bugendanwa) kimwe (hafi ya 2013) t-Ubucuruzi [8] nabwo bwakoreshejwe.
Amabwiriza ya Leta
Muri Amerika, itegeko ry’ubucuruzi bwa elegitoroniki rya Kaliforuniya (1984), ryashyizweho n’Inteko ishinga amategeko, n’itegeko ryerekeye uburenganzira bw’ibanga rya Kaliforuniya riheruka (2020), ryashyizweho binyuze mu cyifuzo cy’amatora kizwi cyane, rigenzura neza uburyo ubucuruzi bwa elegitoronike bushobora gukorwa muri Californiya. Muri Amerika muri rusange, ibikorwa by'ubucuruzi bwa elegitoronike bigengwa cyane na komisiyo ishinzwe ubucuruzi (FTC). Ibi bikorwa birimo gukoresha imeri yubucuruzi, kwamamaza kumurongo hamwe n’ibanga ry’abaguzi. Itegeko rya CAN-SPAM ryo mu 2003 rishyiraho amahame yigihugu yo kwamamaza ibicuruzwa biturutse kuri e-imeri. Itegeko rya komisiyo ishinzwe ubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi rigenga uburyo bwose bwo kwamamaza, harimo no kwamamaza kuri interineti, kandi rivuga ko kwamamaza bigomba kuba ukuri kandi bidashuka. Yifashishije ububasha bwayo mu gika cya 5 cy’itegeko rya FTC, ribuza ibikorwa bidakwiye cyangwa uburiganya, FTC yazanye imanza nyinshi kugira ngo zubahirize amasezerano mu masezerano y’ibanga ry’ibigo, harimo n’amasezerano yerekeye umutekano w’amakuru bwite y’abaguzi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, politiki y’ibanga y’ibigo ijyanye n’ibikorwa bya e-ubucuruzi irashobora gukurikizwa na FTC.
Itegeko rirengera abaguzi ba farumasi ya Ryan Haight ryo mu 2008, ryatangiye gukurikizwa mu 2008, rihindura itegeko rigenga ibintu kugira ngo rikemure farumasi zo kuri interineti.
Amakimbirane y'amategeko mu mbuga za interineti ni inzitizi ikomeye yo guhuza amategeko agenga ubucuruzi bwa e-bucuruzi ku isi. Mu rwego rwo guha uburinganire amategeko y’ubucuruzi ku isi hose, ibihugu byinshi byemeje itegeko ry’icyitegererezo UNCITRAL ryerekeye ubucuruzi bwa elegitoronike (1996).
Ku rwego mpuzamahanga hari Ihuriro mpuzamahanga rishinzwe kurengera no kubahiriza umuguzi (ICPEN), ryashinzwe mu 1991 riva mu muyoboro udasanzwe w’imiryango ya leta y’ubucuruzi ikwiye. Intego yavuzwe nko gushaka uburyo bwo gufatanya mu gukemura ibibazo by’umuguzi bifitanye isano n’ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka haba mu bicuruzwa na serivisi, no gufasha guhanahana amakuru hagati y’abitabiriye inyungu no kumvikana. Kuva ibi byaturutse kuri Econsumer.gov, gahunda ya ICPEN kuva muri Mata 2001. Ni portal yo kumenyesha ibirego bijyanye n’ubucuruzi kuri interineti n’ibikorwa bifitanye isano n’amasosiyete y’amahanga.
Hariho kandi ubufatanye bwubukungu bwa Aziya ya pasifika. APEC yashinzwe mu 1989 ifite intego yo kugera ku mutekano, umutekano n’iterambere ry’akarere binyuze mu bucuruzi n’ubucuruzi bwisanzuye kandi bwisanzuye. APEC ifite itsinda rishinzwe ubucuruzi bwa elegitoronike kimwe no gukora ku mabwiriza rusange y’ibanga mu karere ka APEC.
Muri Ositaraliya, ubucuruzi bukubiye mu gitabo cy’ububitsi bwa Ositarariya cy’ubucuruzi bwa elegitoronike kandi komisiyo ishinzwe amarushanwa n’umuguzi muri Ositaraliya igenga kandi ikanatanga inama z’uburyo bwo guhangana n’ubucuruzi kuri interineti, [14] kandi butanga inama zihariye ku bigenda iyo ibintu bitagenze neza.
Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi wakoze iperereza ryimbitse ku bucuruzi bwa e-bucuruzi mu mwaka wa 2015-16 bwagaragaje iterambere rikomeye mu iterambere ry’ubucuruzi bwa e-bucuruzi, hamwe n’iterambere ryateye impungenge, nko kongera uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa byatoranijwe, bituma ababikora bagenzura inzira ku isoko, no "kongera imikoreshereze y’amasezerano kugirango igenzure neza igabanywa ryibicuruzwa". Komisiyo y’Uburayi yumvise ko imikorere imwe n'imwe ishobora kuvuka ishobora kuba ifite ishingiro niba ishobora kuzamura ireme ry’ibicuruzwa, ariko "izindi zishobora kubuza abakiriya kungukirwa n’ibicuruzwa byinshi ndetse n’ibiciro biri hasi mu bucuruzi bwa e-bucuruzi bityo bikaba byemeza ko Komisiyo ikora" kugira ngo guteza imbere kubahiriza amategeko agenga amarushanwa y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi.
Mu Bwongereza, ikigo gishinzwe serivisi z’imari (FSA) [17] cyahoze ari cyo kigo gishinzwe kugenzura ibintu byinshi by’amabwiriza y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (PSD), kugeza igihe cyasimbuwe mu 2013 n’ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura imikorere n’ikigo gishinzwe imyitwarire y’imari. 18] Ubwongereza bwashyize mu bikorwa PSD binyuze mu mabwiriza agenga serivisi yo kwishyura 2009 (PSR), bwatangiye gukurikizwa ku ya 1 Ugushyingo 2009. PSR igira ingaruka ku bigo bitanga serivisi zo kwishyura ndetse n'abakiriya babo. Muri ibyo bigo harimo amabanki, abatanga amakarita yinguzanyo atari banki hamwe nabacuruzi badafite amabanki, abatanga e-amafaranga, nibindi. PSR yashizeho icyiciro gishya cyibigo byigenga bizwi nkibigo byishyura (PIs), byujuje ibisabwa mubushishozi. Ingingo ya 87 ya PSD isaba Komisiyo y’Uburayi gutanga raporo ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa n’ingaruka za PSD bitarenze ku ya 1 Ugushyingo 2012. [19]
Mubuhinde, itegeko ryikoranabuhanga ryamakuru 2000 rigenga ishingiro ryibanze rya e-ubucuruzi.
Mu Bushinwa, Amabwiriza y’itumanaho ya Repubulika y’Ubushinwa (yatangajwe ku ya 25 Nzeri 2000), yateganyaga Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho (MIIT) ko ari ishami rya leta rigenga ibikorwa byose bijyanye n’itumanaho, harimo n’ubucuruzi bwa elegitoroniki. Kuri uwo munsi, hashyizweho ingamba z’ubutegetsi kuri serivisi zishinzwe amakuru kuri interineti, amabwiriza ya mbere y’ubuyobozi agamije gukemura ibibazo bibyara inyungu byakozwe binyuze kuri interineti, anashyiraho urufatiro rw’amabwiriza azaza agenga ubucuruzi bwa e-bucuruzi mu Bushinwa. Ku ya 28 Kanama 2004, inama ya cumi na rimwe ya komisiyo ihoraho ya NPC ya cumi yemeje itegeko ry’umukono wa elegitoronike, rigenga ubutumwa bwamakuru, kwemeza umukono wa elegitoronike n’ibibazo by’amategeko. Ifatwa nk'itegeko rya mbere mu mategeko agenga ubucuruzi bw'Ubushinwa. Byari intambwe ikomeye mu rwego rwo kunoza amategeko agenga ubucuruzi bw’ikoranabuhanga mu Bushinwa, kandi binagaragaza ko Ubushinwa bwinjiye mu iterambere ryihuse ry’amategeko agenga ubucuruzi bw’ikoranabuhanga.
Ibigezweho ku isi
Mu mwaka wa 2013, ubucuruzi bwa e-bucuruzi muri Burezili bwariyongereye vuba mu gihe ibicuruzwa byo kuri interineti byacururizwaga biteganijwe ko biziyongera ku mibare ibiri kugeza mu 2014. Kugeza mu 2016, eMarketer yari yiteze ko igurishwa rya e-ubucuruzi muri Brezili rizagera kuri miliyari 17.3 z'amadolari. Kuva mu Kuboza 2017, Ubuhinde bufite abakoresha interineti bagera kuri miliyoni 460. Nubwo ari iya gatatu mu bakoresha benshi ku isi, kwinjira kuri interineti ni bike ugereranije n’amasoko nka Amerika, Ubwongereza cyangwa Ubufaransa ariko biragenda byiyongera ku buryo bwihuse cyane, hiyongeraho abinjira bashya bagera kuri miliyoni 6 buri kwezi. bikenewe] Mu Buhinde, amafaranga yo gutanga ni bwo buryo bwo kwishyura bwifuzwa cyane, akusanya 75% by'ibikorwa byo kuri interineti. [34] . [35]
Ibizaza mu bihugu bya GCC bizaba bisa n’ibihugu by’iburengerazuba. Nubwo imbaraga zitera ubucuruzi guhuza e-ubucuruzi nkuburyo bwo kugurisha ibicuruzwa nibicuruzwa, uburyo abakiriya bagura burasa mubihugu biva muri utwo turere twombi. Kurugero, habayeho gukoresha imikoreshereze ya terefone igendanwa ije ijyanye no kwiyongera kwabantu bose kuri interineti baturutse mu turere. Yuldashev yanditse ko abaguzi barimo kwiyongera ku ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryemerera ibicuruzwa bigendanwa. Nyamara, ijanisha ryabakoresha telefone na interineti bagura kumurongo biteganijwe ko ritandukanye mumyaka mike ya mbere. Bizaba byigenga kubushake bwabaturage bwo gufata iyi nzira nshya (Urubuga rwibarurishamibare). Kurugero, UAE ifite telefone nini cyane yinjira muri 73.8% kandi ifite 91.9% byabaturage bayo bafite interineti. Ku rundi ruhande, telefoni yinjira mu Burayi bivugwa ko igera kuri 64.7 ku ijana (Urubuga rw’ibarurishamibare). Tutitaye kubyo, itandukaniro ryijanisha hagati yuturere riteganijwe kuzagerwaho mugihe kizaza kuko ikoranabuhanga rya e-ubucuruzi riteganijwe kwiyongera kugirango ryemeze abakoresha benshi.
Ubucuruzi bwa e-ubucuruzi muri utwo turere twombi bizavamo amarushanwa. Inzego za Leta ku rwego rw’igihugu zizamura ingamba n’ingamba zo guharanira iterambere rirambye no kurengera umuguzi (Krings, et al.). Izi ngamba ziyongereye zizamura ibipimo by’ibidukikije n’imibereho myiza mu bihugu, ibintu bizagaragaza intsinzi y’isoko rya e-ubucuruzi muri ibi bihugu. Kurugero, kwemeza ibihano bikaze bizagora ibigo kwinjira mumasoko ya e-ubucuruzi mugihe ibihano byoroheje bizorohereza ibigo. Nkibyo, ibizaza hagati y’ibihugu bya GCC n’ibihugu by’iburengerazuba bizaba bitigenga kuri ibyo bihano (Krings, et al.). Ibi bihugu bigomba gufata imyanzuro ifatika mugutanga ibihano bifatika.
Umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’umubare w’abakoresha interineti mu bihugu by’abarabu wihuse - 13.1% muri 2015. Igice kinini cy’isoko rya e-bucuruzi mu burasirazuba bwo hagati kigizwe n’abantu bari mu kigero cy’imyaka 30-34. Igihugu cya Egiputa gifite umubare munini w’abakoresha interineti mu karere, gikurikirwa na Arabiya Sawudite na Maroc; ibyo ni 3 / Icya 4 cy'umugabane w'akarere. Nyamara, interineti yinjira ni mike: 35% muri Egiputa na 65% muri Arabiya Sawudite.
Ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka e-ubucuruzi nabwo ni igice cyingenzi kubucuruzi bwa e-ubucuruzi. Yashubije inzira yisi. Irerekana ko ibigo byinshi byafunguye ubucuruzi bushya, bwagura amasoko mashya, kandi bunesha inzitizi z’ubucuruzi; ibigo byinshi kandi byinshi byatangiye gushakisha urwego rwubufatanye bwambukiranya imipaka. Byongeye kandi, ugereranije nubucuruzi gakondo bwambukiranya imipaka, amakuru kuri e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka arahishwa. Mugihe cyisi yisi yose, e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka kumasosiyete ahuza ibigo bisobanura ibikorwa, imikoranire, cyangwa imibanire myiza yibigo bibiri cyangwa byinshi bya e-bucuruzi. Nyamara, intsinzi ya e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka iteza imbere iterambere ryibigo bito n'ibiciriritse, kandi amaherezo byahindutse uburyo bushya bwo gucuruza. Yafashije ibigo gukemura ibibazo byubukungu no kumenya kugabana umutungo neza. Ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse (imishinga mito n'iciriritse) irashobora kandi guhuza neza n'ibisabwa ku isoko, kugira urwego runini mu nganda no kwinjiza amafaranga menshi ku masosiyete.
Mu mwaka wa 2012, kugurisha e-ubucuruzi byinjije miriyoni imwe y'amadorari ku nshuro ya mbere mu mateka.
Ibikoresho bigendanwa bigira uruhare runini mu kuvanga e-ubucuruzi, ibi nabyo byitwa ubucuruzi bugendanwa, cyangwa m-ubucuruzi. Muri 2014, igereranya rimwe ryaguzwe ku bikoresho bigendanwa bingana na 25% by'isoko muri 2017. [41]
Ku bucuruzi gakondo, ubushakashatsi bumwe bwavuze ko ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n’ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka ari amahirwe meza yo kwihuta no kuzamura imishinga. Ibigo byinshi byashora imari nini mu ishoramari rya porogaramu zigendanwa. Umunyamideli DeLone na McLean bavuze ko ibintu bitatu bigira uruhare mu bucuruzi bwa e-bucuruzi: ubuziranenge bwa sisitemu, ireme rya serivisi ndetse no kunyurwa kw'abakoresha. Nta karimbi kerekana umwanya n'umwanya, hariho amahirwe menshi yo kwegera abakiriya kwisi yose, no kugabanya imiyoboro mfatakibanza idakenewe, bityo kugabanya igiciro, kandi irashobora kungukirwa numwe kumurongo umwe munini wo gusesengura amakuru kubakiriya, kugirango ubigereho urwego rwo hejuru rwa gahunda yihariye yo kwihererana, kugirango hongerwe byimazeyo irushanwa ryibanze ryibicuruzwa muri sosiyete.
Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rya 3D rishushanyije, nka Facebook ya 3D Post, rifatwa nabamwe mubamamaza imbuga nkoranyambaga ndetse n’abamamaza nk'inzira nziza yo kuzamura ibicuruzwa by’abaguzi kuruta amafoto ahamye, kandi ibirango bimwe na bimwe bya Sony bimaze guha inzira ubucuruzi bwiyongera. Wayfair noneho igufasha kugenzura verisiyo ya 3D yibikoresho byayo murugo mbere yo kugura.
Ibikoresho
Beatrice Gyaman
Beatrice Gyaman (wavutse ku ya 17 Gashyantare 1987) ni umukinnyi uvuka muri Gana wa kinaga amasiganwa ku maguru uzobereye mu gu siganwa ku maguru. Yatsindiye imidari mu kwiruka metero 4 × 100 muri Shampiyona eshatu nya furika, ndetse n'imikino ya bavuga icyongereza muri 2010.
Uburezi
Gyaman yize uburezi bwibanze muri kaminuza ya Cape Coast.
Ibyiza bye bwite
Hanze
Ubucuruzi bw’Iyakure (murandasi)
Gusobanura ubucuruzi kuri murandasi
Ingaruka
Beatrice Gyaman
Reba
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Gana
Ubucuruzi bw’Iyakure (murandasi)
Gusobanura ubucuruzi kuri murandasi
Ingaruka ku masoko n'abacuruzi
Ubike ibendera rifunga ibikinisho R Twe muri Deptford, New Jersey. Nubwo ishoramari, urunigi rwarwaniye gutsindira isoko mugihe cyubucuruzi bwa digitale.
Amasoko ya e-ubucuruzi arimo kwiyongera ku gipimo kigaragara. Biteganijwe ko isoko rya interineti riziyongera 56% muri 2015–2020. Muri 2017, kugurisha e-ubucuruzi ku isi hose byageze kuri tiriyari 2,3 z'amadolari y'Amerika kandi biteganijwe ko amafaranga yinjira mu bucuruzi azagera kuri tiriyari 4.891 z'amadolari ya Amerika mu 2021. [46] Amasoko gakondo ateganijwe kwiyongera 2% mugihe kimwe. Abacuruza amatafari na minisiteri biragoye kubera abadandaza kumurongo bafite ubushobozi bwo gutanga ibiciro biri hasi kandi neza. Abacuruzi benshi binini barashobora kugumya kuboneka kumurongo no kumurongo muguhuza amaturo kumubiri no kumurongo.
E-ubucuruzi butuma abakiriya barenga inzitizi z’imiterere kandi ikabemerera kugura ibicuruzwa igihe icyo ari cyo cyose n'ahantu hose. Amasoko kumurongo na gakondo afite ingamba zitandukanye zo gukora ubucuruzi. Abacuruzi gakondo batanga ibicuruzwa bike kuberako umwanya wabigenewe aho, abadandaza kumurongo akenshi badafite ibarura ariko bohereza ibicuruzwa byabakiriya mubikorwa. Ingamba zo kugena ibiciro nazo ziratandukanye kubacuruzi gakondo no kumurongo. Abacuruzi gakondo bashingira ibiciro byabo mumodoka yububiko nigiciro cyo kubika ibarura. Abacuruzi kumurongo bashingira ibiciro kumuvuduko wo gutanga.
Umutekano nikibazo cyibanze kuri e-ubucuruzi mubihugu byateye imbere niterambere. Umutekano wa e-ubucuruzi urinda urubuga rwabakiriya n’abakiriya kwinjira, gukoresha, guhindura, cyangwa gusenya. Ubwoko bw'iterabwoba burimo: code mbi, porogaramu udashaka (ad ware, spyware), kuroba, kwiba, no kwangiza cyber. Urubuga rwa e-ubucuruzi rukoresha ibikoresho bitandukanye kugirango wirinde guhungabanya umutekano. Ibi bikoresho birimo firewall, software ya encryption, ibyemezo bya digitale, hamwe nijambobanga.
Ingaruka ku micungire yo gutanga amasoko
Ingingo nyamukuru: Gutanga urunigi
Kuva kera, ibigo byari byarahangayikishijwe no gutandukanya inyungu tekinoloji itanga amasoko ifite nigisubizo cyo gutanga izo nyungu. Nyamara, kugaragara kwa e-ubucuruzi byatanze uburyo bufatika kandi bunoze bwo gutanga inyungu zikoranabuhanga rishya ryo gutanga amasoko.
E-ubucuruzi bufite ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibikorwa byose hagati yisosiyete nisosiyete ikora hagati yisosiyete, bivuze ko ibintu bitatu (gutembera kumubiri, amafaranga yimari namakuru atemba) murwego rwo gutanga isoko nabyo bishobora guterwa na e-ubucuruzi. Urukundo rwimikorere yumubiri rwatezimbere uburyo bwibicuruzwa nu rwego rwo kubara urwego rwibigo. Ku makuru agenda, e-ubucuruzi bwateje imbere ubushobozi bwo gutunganya amakuru kurusha amasosiyete yahoze afite, naho ku bijyanye n’imari, e-ubucuruzi butuma ibigo bigira uburyo bunoze bwo kwishyura no gukemura ibibazo.
Byongeye kandi, e-ubucuruzi bufite urwego ruhanitse rw’ingaruka ku masoko yatanzwe: Icya mbere, ikinyuranyo cy’imikorere kizakurwaho kubera ko ibigo bishobora gutandukanya icyuho kiri hagati y’inzego zinyuranye zitangwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa elegitoronike; Icya kabiri, nkibisubizo bya e-ubucuruzi bugaragara, ubushobozi bushya nko gushyira mubikorwa sisitemu ya ERP, nka SAP ERP, Xero, cyangwa Megaventory, byafashije ibigo gucunga ibikorwa nabakiriya nabatanga isoko. Nyamara ubwo bushobozi bushya buracyakoreshwa neza. Icya gatatu, amasosiyete yikoranabuhanga yakomeza gushora imari kubisubizo bishya bya e-ubucuruzi kuko bategereje inyungu zishoramari. Icya kane, e-ubucuruzi bwafasha gukemura ibibazo byinshi ibigo bishobora kumva ko bigoye guhangana nabyo, nkinzitizi za politiki cyangwa impinduka zambukiranya ibihugu. Hanyuma, e-ubucuruzi butanga ibigo uburyo bunoze kandi bunoze bwo gufatanya murwego rwo gutanga amasoko.
Ingaruka ku kazi
E-ubucuruzi bufasha guhanga amahirwe mashya yakazi kubera serivisi zijyanye namakuru, porogaramu ya software n'ibicuruzwa bya digitale. Bitera kandi gutakaza akazi. Uturere dufite byinshi byahanuwe-gutakaza akazi ni ibicuruzwa, amaposita, hamwe n’ibigo by’ingendo. Iterambere rya e-ubucuruzi rizatanga imirimo isaba abakozi bafite ubuhanga buhanitse bwo gucunga amakuru menshi, ibyo abakiriya bakeneye, nuburyo bwo gukora. Ibinyuranye, abantu bafite ubumenyi buke bwa tekinike ntibashobora kwishimira imishahara. Kurundi ruhande, kubera ko e-ubucuruzi busaba ububiko buhagije bushobora kugezwa kubakiriya mugihe, ububiko buhinduka ikintu cyingenzi. Ububiko bukeneye abakozi benshi kugira ngo bayobore, bagenzure kandi batunganyirize hamwe, bityo imiterere y’ibidukikije izita ku bakozi.
Ingaruka kubakiriya
E-ubucuruzi buzana korohereza abakiriya kuko batagomba kuva murugo kandi bakeneye gusa kureba kurubuga rwa interineti, cyane cyane kugura ibicuruzwa bitagurishwa mumaduka yegeranye. Irashobora gufasha abakiriya kugura ibicuruzwa byinshi no kubika umwanya wabakiriya. Abaguzi nabo bunguka imbaraga binyuze mukugura kumurongo. Bashoboye gukora ubushakashatsi kubicuruzwa no kugereranya ibiciro mubacuruzi. Bitewe n’imyitozo yatanzwe n’abakoresha n’ibisubizo byatanzwe n’amasosiyete nka Bazaarvoice, Trustpilot, na Yelp, abakiriya barashobora kandi kubona icyo abandi bantu batekereza ku bicuruzwa, bagahitamo mbere yo kugura niba bashaka kubikoresha. [51] 52] Na none, kugura kumurongo akenshi bitanga ibicuruzwa byamamaza cyangwa kugabanya kode, bityo bikaba byiza cyane kubakiriya. Byongeye kandi, e-ubucuruzi butanga ibicuruzwa 'amakuru arambuye; ndetse n'abakozi bo mu iduka ntibashobora gutanga ibisobanuro birambuye. Abakiriya barashobora kandi gusuzuma no gukurikirana amateka yatumijwe kumurongo.
Ikoranabuhanga rya e-ubucuruzi ryagabanije ibiciro byubucuruzi byemerera ibicuruzwa n’abaguzi gusimbuka binyuze mu bahuza. Ibi bigerwaho binyuze mukwagura agace k'ishakisha ibicuruzwa byiza no kugura amatsinda. Intsinzi ya e-ubucuruzi murwego rwimijyi no mukarere biterwa nuburyo ibigo byaho n'abaguzi bemeye kuri e-ubucuruzi.
Nyamara, e-ubucuruzi ntibubura imikoranire yabantu kubakiriya, cyane cyane bakunda isura -ku guhuza amaso. Abakiriya nabo bahangayikishijwe numutekano wibikorwa byo kumurongo kandi bakunda gukomeza kuba abizerwa kubacuruzi bazwi. Mu myaka yashize, abadandaza imyenda nka Tommy Hilfiger batangiye kongeramo urubuga rwa Virtual Fit kurubuga rwabo rwa e-bucuruzi kugirango bagabanye ibyago byabakiriya bagura imyenda minini itariyo, nubwo ibyo bitandukanye cyane muburyo bukwiye. [54] Iyo umukiriya yicujije kugura ibicuruzwa, bikubiyemo gusubiza ibicuruzwa hamwe nuburyo bwo gusubiza. Iyi nzira ntiyoroshye kuko abakiriya bakeneye gupakira no kohereza ibicuruzwa. Niba ibicuruzwa bihenze, binini cyangwa byoroshye, bivuga ibibazo byumutekano.
Ingaruka ku bidukikije
Muri 2018, E-ubucuruzi bwinjije toni miliyoni 1,3 ngufi (1,2 megatonnes) yikarito ya kontineri muri Amerika ya Ruguru, ikiyongera kuva kuri miliyoni 1.1 (1.00)) muri 2017. 35% byonyine byubushobozi bwo gukora amakarito yo muri Amerika ya Ruguru ni byo biva mu bicuruzwa bitunganijwe neza. Igipimo cyo gutunganya ibicuruzwa mu Burayi ni 80 ku ijana naho Aziya ni 93 ku ijana. Amazon, ukoresha cyane udusanduku, afite ingamba zo kugabanya ibikoresho byo gupakira kandi yagabanije ibikoresho byo gupakira bikoreshwa na 19 ku ijana kuburemere kuva 2016. Amazon irasaba abadandaza gukora ibicuruzwa byabo bipakira muburyo budasaba koherezwa mubindi gupakira. Amazon kandi ifite itsinda ryabantu 85 bakora ubushakashatsi kuburyo bwo kugabanya no kunoza ibikoresho byo gupakira no kohereza.
Kwihuta kwingingo zipakirwa kwisi yose bikubiyemo kwihuta kwimuka yibinyabuzima, hamwe ningaruka zabyo zose. Ibyatsi bibi, ibyonnyi n'indwara byose rimwe na rimwe bigenda mu bipfunyika by'imbuto. Bimwe muri ibyo bipfunyika ni bimwe mu byo gukaraba e-ubucuruzi busubirwamo.
Ingaruka ku bicuruzwa gakondo
Niyibizi Sulyeman
Niyibizi Sulyeman ni umutoza mukuru w’iyi Kipe Amagaju FC ikina mu Cyiciro cya Kabiri akaba yaratoje kandi Miroplast Fc.
Ubucuruzi bw’Iyakure (murandasi)
Gusobanura ubucuruzi kuri murandasi
E-ubucuruzi bwavuzwe ko ari imbaraga zikomeye zo kunanirwa kw’abacuruzi bakomeye bo muri Amerika mu buryo bakunze kwita "gucuruza apocalypse." gukurura abakiriya kububiko bwabo no guhatira ibigo guhindura ingamba zo kugurisha. Ibigo byinshi byahinduye ibikorwa byo kugurisha no kongera ingufu za digitale mu kureshya abaguzi mu gihe bahagarika amatafari n'amatafari. Icyerekezo cyatumye bamwe mu bacuruzi gakondo bahagarika amatafari n'amatafari.
Niyibizi Sulyeman
AMASHAKIRO
Ikiciro:Rwanda Ikiciro:Abatoza ba Ruhago
Ibirunga byo ku isi
thumb|Ibirunga ku isi Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga, ibarizwa mu Majyaruguru y’u Rwanda. Iyo Pariki ifatiye benshi runini kuko uretse kuba Abanyarwanda bayivomamo ubukungu buturuka ku byiza nyaburanga biyibamo, ni n’isoko y’ibyishimo ku banyamahanga batari bacye bayisura ngo birebere bimwe mu bigize urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima rwaho.
Ibirunga ku Isi:
thumb|Ikirunga Le Vésuve cyo mubutaliyani Ikirunga Le Vésuve ni ikirunga cyo mubutaliya ni gifite metero zubutumburuke 1281. thumb|Ikirunga Le Brumo Ikirunga Le Brumo : ni ikirungo kiri muburunga byiza ku isi, kiri kuri metero z'ubutumburuke 800 kikaba kiri kumugabane w'aziya muri indonesiya. thumb|Ikirunga cya Fugi Ikirunga Fugi : ni ikirunga cyo mu buyapani gifite metero 3776 z'ubutumburuke kikaba kiri mu birunga binini ku isi, giheruka kuruka mu 1707.
Ikirunga Nyirangongo : ni ikirunga cyo muri Congo kiri kuri metero 3470 kiri muri parike y'ibirunga giheruka kuruka muri 2002.
Ibihugu bwiza kubera ibirunga
Raporo nshya y’ibihugu bifite ubwiza nyaburanga ku isi yashyize Tanzaniya ku mwanya wa 4 mu bihugu byiza ku isi n’amanota 6.90 ku icumi mu gihe na Kenya yaje mu bihugu 10 bya mbere byiza ku isi. Raporo y’ibihugu bya mbere ku isi bifite ubwiza nyaburanga buhebuje yakozwe n’Ikinyamakuru Money.co.uk yashyize Kenya ku mwanya wa gatandatu n’amanota 6.7 ku manota 10. Binyuze kuri raporo, Kenya ifite ibirunga umunani, imisozi itanu ihambaye cyane, ahantu 411 harinzwe, kilometero kare 170.887 z’amashyamba akurura imvura n’ibindi. Ku rundi ruhande, Tanzaniya iri imbere ya Kenya,iyirusha ibirunga 3, imisozi cumi minini, ahantu 836 harinzwe, kilometero kare 387.944 z’amashyamba n’ibindi.
Ibihugu uko bikurikirana
Guhera ku mwanya wa 11 hari:
Ecuador (6.09)
United States (6.03)
Vanuatu (6.02)
Japan(6.00)
Solomon Islands (5.97)
Italy (5.87)
Philippines (5.80)
Peru (5.66)
Australia (5.65)
Costa Rica (5.65)
U Rwanda kimwe na Brazil ntibyaje muri 50 bya mbere mu gihe Uganda yaje ku mwanya wa 42 n’amanota asaga 4.
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Ibidukikije Ikiciro:Ibirunga Ikiciro:Ibirunga bya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo Ikiciro:Ibirunga bya Rwanda
Kamichi
Adolphe Bagabo umuhanzi akaba n’umunyamakuru uzwi ku izina rya Kamichi wakoraga injyana ya Afrobeat mu Rwanda, yagiye muri Leza Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika tariki 15 rishyira kuwa 16 Mata 2014 akaba ariho yimuriye n’ibikorwa bye by’umuziki.
Amateka
Kamichi ni umwe mu bahanzi bakunzwe n’abatari bake kuva yatangira umuziki mu ndirimbo zitandukanye zirimo 'Aho ruzingiye', 'Kabimye', 'Zoubeda' yakoranye na The Ben n’izindi zitandukanye.
Sibomana Jean Paul
Sibomana Jean Paul uzwi nka Mutokambali cyangwa Sibo mu volleyball ni umukinnyi wabigize umwuga muri volleyball. Mutokambali Sibomana Jean Paul yakiniye ikipe ya UTB VC mugihe cy'imyaka itatu. Sibomana Jean Paul yatangiye gukina umukino wa Volleyball ubwo yigaga mu mashuri yisumbuye muri ASPEKI i Kibungo, akina imikino ihuza amashuri ya secondaire mu mwaka wa 2013. Yahavuye akomeza yerekeza muri IPRC Huye, naho ahava yavuye yerekeza muri UTB VC yari amazemo imyaka itatu. Sibo akininira ikipe ya REG VC.
amashakiro
Ikiciro:Siporo Ikiciro:Siporo ya volleyball Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa volleyball
Bizimana Abdu
AMASHAKIRO
Ikiciro:Rwanda Ikiciro:Abatoza ba Ruhago
Rusirare Jacques
thumb|Rusirare Jacques Rwiyemezamirimo Rusirare Jaques ni Rwiyemezamirimo wavutse muri 1960, rero ubwo yigaga mu mashuri abanza, mushiki we mukuru yamuhaye ibiceri atibuka neza umubare ariko byari munsi y’amafaranga ijana y’u Rwanda ( 100FRW ), atangira gucuruza utuntu dutandukanye.
Amavuko
Rusirare Jaques ni munyemari ukomoka i Rutonde mu Karere ka Rwamagana mu ntara y'iburasirazuba akaba ari mu bakomeye mu Rwanda dore ko abarirwa mu cyiciro cy’abasoreshwa banini, avuga ko yarangije amashuri abanza muri 1963 ntashobore gukomeza mu yisumbuye kubera ibibazo by’amateka y’ivangura byaranze u Rwanda, bimutera kwishakira inzira agana iy’ubucuruzi buciriritse.
Ubucuruzi
Rusirare Jaques muri 1972, yaguye ubucuruze bwe maze afungura amagazini mu gice cy’ubucuruzi mu Mujyi wa Kigali kuri Avenu du Commerce bimuhesha kugura ikamyo ya mbere muri 1974, nyuma y’umwaka umwe gusa agura ikamyo ya kabiri ahita afata isoko ryo gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa bya BRALIRWA. Uyu mucuruzi wubatse izina mu gukora no gucuruza amarangi mu Rwanda binyuze mu uruganda rwa Ameki Color, avuga ko muri 1975 ari bwo yashoboye gusohoka mu gihugu atemberera muri Kenya i Nairobi bimufasha kubona imikorere y’abandi, ahakura igitekerezo cyo gukora amarangi.
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo Ikiciro:Amarangi
Umwuzure n'Inkangu muri São Paulo mu wa 2016
thumb|Aho leta ya São Paulo iherereye muri Berezile Umwuzure ukabije n’inkangu wibasiye São Paulo (umujyi) na São Paulo (leta), muri Burezili, nyuma y’imvura nyinshi yahitanye abantu 21. Imvura yaguye muri São Paulo no mu turere tuyikikije yasize amateka mashya y’imvura yaguye mu kwezi kwa Werurwe maze isiga imijyi itwikiriwe na metero imwe y’ibyondo n’amazi y’umwuzure. Imvura yabaye nyuma y'amezi y'amapfa.
Jabiru d’Afrique
Urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima rurimo ibintu byinshi bitangaje cyane, ariko byagera ku nyoni n’ibisiga bikaba akarusho. Nonese kuba hari imico imwe n’imwe idasanwe dusanga ku bantu tukanayisanga mu nyoni n’ibisiga biva kuki? Nonese ni abantu bigana ibidukikije cyangwa ni ibintu bipfa kwizana?
Mu muryango mugari w’abantu hari abantu twita ba nyamwigendaho baba babikora mu gushaka amahoro cyangwa kubera ikibazo runaka bagize mu mibanire n’abandi ariko ahantu henshi abantu bameze batyo babasha kuboneka.
Imiterere ya Jabiru d’Afrique (African Saddle-billed Stork)
Jabiru ni inyoni yo ku mazi ifitanye isano n’ibiyongoyongo na Nyirabarazana, kandi ikaba ari yo ndende muri uwo muryango mugari. Ikigabo gikuze kiba gifite amababa y’umukara n’umweru. Ku gice cyo hejuru ku mugongo hasa n’umweru ariko wagana inyuma hakaba ibara ry’umukara. Amababa n’imirizo ni umukara ugaragaramo icyatsi kibisi gishashagirana. Ku gice cyo hasi mu gatuza no kunda hasa n’umweru.
Iyo amababa arambuye, ukayabona inyuze hejuru yawe ubona asa n’umukara. Iyo iyi nyoni irimo kuguruka ku mpera z’amababa ubona ibara ry’umweru.
Umutwe n’ijosi ni umukara. Aho umunwa utangirira haratukuye kandi hagati hagaragaramo igice cy’umukara hanyuma hakongera kugaragaraho igice cy’umutuku.
Jabiru y’ikigabo igira amaso y’ikijuju. Amaguru n’amano arirabura kandi ikagira mu mavi hasa n’ibara rya move. Ikigore kiba ari gito ugereranyije n’ikigabo ariko bigira amabara asa nubwo ikigore kigira amaso y’umuhondo.
Iyi nyoni ishobora kugira uburebure bwa santimetero 145-150, n’ubugari bw’amababa bwa santimetero 240-270. Iyi nyoni ishobora kandi kugira ibilo 5-7.5 ku ngabo n’ibilo 5-7 ku ngore. Iyi nyoni ishobora kurama imyaka 36.
Aho ikunda kuba
Jabiru iba ahantu hari amazi nko mu bishanga, ku nkengero z’imigezi, mu bishanga birimo ibiti bigufi, ibiyaga birimo amazi arimo umunyu n’ahandi hatandukanye. Izi nyoni ntabwo zikunda ahantu h’ishyamba ariko zishobora kuboneka ahantu hatumagara cyane mu gihe cy’izuba.
Iyi nyoni ni indyanyama kuko itungwa n’amafi harimo Tilapiya, imitubu n’ibikeri. Inarya kandi ibikururanda bitoya nk’imiserebanya, ibinyamunjonjorerwa, amagi y’izindi nyoni n’ibyana byazo, inyamabere ntoya n’ibindi.
Kuberako iyi nyoni igenda mu mazi igashoramo umunwa ishakamo ibyo kurya nk’amafi n’ibindi, inshuro nyinshi amazi ashobora kwandura. Ni yo mpamvu mbere yo kurya ifi ibanza kuyoza yarangiza ikayimira bunguri ihereye ku mutwe.
Yororoka ite?
Jabiru ntabwo buri mwaka yororoka ahubwo imishwi imaze umwaka umwe cyangwa ibiri ikomeza kubana n’ababyeyi bayo kugeza ikindi gihe cyo kororoka kw’ababyeyi bayo. Umushwi umaze imyaka itatu uba ukuze ku buryo uba ushobora kororoka na wo.
Iyi nyoni ikunda gutangira kororoka iyo igihe cy’imvura kirangiye, ni ukuvuga ko yororoka mu gihe cy’impeshyi. Ingabo n’ingore bibana ubuzima bwabyo bwose kuko bikora umuryango udacana inyuma (Monogamie). Jabiru yubaka icyari ahantu ha yonyine mu giti kirekire hafi y’amazi. Izi nyoni kandi zikunda gukoresha icyari inshuro zirenze imwe.
Ingabo n’ingore bifatanya kubaka icyari gikoze mu byatsi bikurungiye n’ibyondo. Iyo icyari kimaze kubakwa ikigore gitera amagi abiri cyangwa atatu. Igihe cyo kurarira ayo magi ni iminsi iri hagati ya 30-35 kandi bigakorwa n’ingabo n’ingore.
Imishwi ikimara kuvuka iba isa n’umweru kandi igaburirwa n’ababyeyi bombi. Imishwi imaze iminsi iri hagati ya 70-100 iba imaze gukura bihagije.
Aho wayisanga
Muri rusange ibi bisiga biracyagaragara ahantu henshi akaba ariyo mpamvu Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku bidukikije ubishyira ku rutonde rw’ibitageramiwe, nubwo muri iki gihe birimo kubangamirwa cyane no kubura ibishanga byo kubamo ndetse n’imiti myinshi ikoreshwa mu kwica udukoko.
Mu Rwanda, iyi nyoni isigaye muri parike y’Akagera gusa. Mu myaka 30 ishize, yanabonekagaga ku biyaga byo mu Bugesera.
White backed vulture
White backed vulture( Gyps africanus ) n'inyoni ya Kera mumuryango Accipitridae, kirimo na kagoma, inyenzi, ibisimba hamwe ninyoni. Nubwoko bwibisimba bikunze kugaragara kumugabane wa Afrika.
Ibisobanuro
thumb| Kwerekana kuri Parike ya Kgalagadi Inyoni ishyigikiwe ifite amababa hepfo gusa kumutwe no mumajosi, amababa yagutse cyane n'amababa magufi. Ifite ijosi ryera. Umugongo wera utandukanye nubundi umwijima wijimye. Abana bato ni umwijima. Ni inyoni iciriritse; umubiri wacyo ni 4.2 kugeza 7.2 kg (9.3–15.9 lb), ni 78 to 98 cm (31 kugeza 39 muri) ndende kandi ifite 1.96 to 2.25 m (6 ft 5 kugeza kuri 7 ft 5 in) amababa.
Umwuzure w'umugezi w'Umuhondo mu wa 1897
Umwuzure w’umugezi w’umuhondo mu mwaka wa 1897 wabaye ibiza karemano mu gihe cy’ingoma ya nyuma ya Qing mu Ubushinwa. thumb| Umugezi w'umuhondo uyu munsi Nyuma y'imyaka igihumbi yo kuzerera mu majyaruguru no mu majyepfo y’igice cya Shandong, umwuzure wo mu mwaka wa 1897 watumye inzira y’umugezi w’umuhondo ukurikizwa kugeza na nubu.
Robert Hackman
Robert Hackman (1 Mutarama 1941 - 23 Werurwe 2018) yahoze ari umukinnyi wu bagabo ukomoka muri Gana. Yahagarariye Gana muri metero 3000 mu kwiruka mu mikino Olempike yo mu 1972.
Reba
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Gana
Amag The Black
= amashakiro =
Safi Madiba
NIYIBIKORA Safi uzwi ku mazina ya Safi Madiba ni umuhanzi nyarwanda wamenyekanye cyane ubwo yaririmbaga mu itsinda rya Urban Boys
= Amashakiro =
Patrick Kibagendi Osero
Patrick Kibagendi Osero wahoze ayobora ikigo cy’imari y’ubuhinzi, ubu ni Visi Perezida William Ruto bafitanye ubucuti budasanzwe.
Inganda nini mu Rwanda
U Rwanda ni igihugu cya Afurika gifite ubukungu bwihuta cyane. Ahagana mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 20, ubukungu bw'u Rwanda bwagize ingaruka zikomeye bitewe na jenoside yahungabanije igihugu. Mbere ya jenoside, ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bwagize iterambere rikomeye, kandi nyuma ya jenoside, guverinoma yashyizeho politiki nyinshi kugira ngo iki gihugu kigere ku nzira yo kuzamuka mu bukungu. Politiki ya guverinoma y'u Rwanda yemezaga ko umutungo kamere w'igihugu ukoreshwa mu buryo buhagije mu kuzamura ubukungu bw'igihugu. Ubukungu bw'u Rwanda bushingiye ku nganda nyinshi nk'ubuhinzi, ubukerarugendo, n'inganda za sima mu zindi.
Patrick Kibagendi Osero
Ntabwo akora ku biro bya Annex House ya DP ya Harambee. Uzamubona, rimwe na rimwe, yinjira mu cyumba cy'inama aho uwa kabiri mu buyobozi ayoboye inama afite impapuro nyinshi mu ntoki; uwamwakiriye azahita yiregura.
Inganda nini mu Rwanda
Ubukerarugendo
Hafi yikinyejana cya 21, inganda zubukerarugendo mu Rwanda nimwe mu nganda zikomeye mu gihugu. Nk’uko thumb|Resort in Karongi byatangajwe na guverinoma y'u Rwanda mu mwaka wa 2010, abantu barenga 660.000 basuye iki gihugu. Muri icyo gihe, inganda z’ubukerarugendo zinjije igihugu amafaranga arenga miliyoni 200 z'amadolari y’Amerika akaba yariyongereyeho hafi 14% bivuye ku musaruro w’umurenge mu 2009. Muri 2017, urwego rw’ubukerarugendo rwatanze hafi 13% by’umusaruro rusange w’igihugu kandi ukoresha abarenga 130.000. abantu. Nyuma ya jenoside, guverinoma y'u Rwanda yakoze ibishoboka byose ngo iteze imbere igihugu nk'ahantu nyaburanga hasurwa ku isi. Imwe mu ngamba guverinoma y'u Rwanda yashyizeho mu rwego rwo kuzamura urwego rw'ubukerarugendo bw'igihugu ni ugufatanya na Arsenal, ikipe y'umupira w'amaguru yo mu Bwongereza. Amasezerano hagati yu Rwanda na Arsenal azamara imyaka itatu, kandi iki gihugu kizashobora kwifashisha icyamamare muri Arsenal ku isi hose kugira ngo ba mukerarugendo basuye iki gihugu. Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yatangaje ko kubera amasezerano yagiranye na Arsenal, abashyitsi baturutse mu Bwongereza bariyongereyeho hejuru ya 20%. Ba mukerarugendo bakurura cyane u Rwanda n’ibinyabuzima byo muri iki gihugu, cyane cyane imvubu n’ingagi zo mu misozi. Mu Rwanda hashyizweho amahoteri menshi mpuzamahanga mu rwego rwo kwifashisha umubare munini wa ba mukerarugendo basura iki gihugu.