cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Ubuhinzi bw'ibitunguru
Uko bayirwanya :
– kuvanga onyo na karoti kuko karoti yirukana isazi ifata onyo, naho onyo ikirukana ifata karoti
– aho isazi yageze, nta onyo igomba gusubira muri uwo murima mbere y’imyaka 3
Ububore bw’umweru (mildiou + alternariose)
Ikiyitera : uduhumyo Peronospora scheideni + Alternaria porri Aho ifata : ku mababi no ku bijumba by’igitunguru Ibimenyetso : Onyo zikiri nto zihinduka umuhondo kandi zikarandurwa n’ubusa. Ku bitunguru haba hatwikiriwe n’utwoya tweruruka ndetse rimwe na rimwe hakabaho utuntu tw’umukara
Uko bayirwanya :
– gusimburanya ibihingwa mu murima – guhumbika no gutera onyo mu murima uhinze neza – gukoresha imiti ya kizungu : – Dithane : gr 50/L 10 z’amazi/ari 2 – Cupro-antracol : 2 Kg/ha – Milraz : 2 Kg/ha
Ububore bw’ikijuju :
Ikiyitera : uduhumyo (Aspergillus niger na Sclerotium cepivorum) Aho ifata : ibitunguru Ibimenyetso : mu gihe bibitse, ibitunguru byuzuraho amoya y’ikijuju cyangwa ibintu by’umukara kandi bikomeye. Amaherezo ibitunguru birabora neza neza
Jeannette Kagame
Jeannette Kagame (wavutse 1962) ni umugore wa Paul Kagame perezida w' u Rwanda. Jeannette Kagame niwe washinze umuryango Imbuto Foundation akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru wayo ufite intumbero yo guteza imbere abagore ndetse n' imyigire y' abana babakobwa. thumb|JeannetteKagame
Ubuhinzi bw'ibitunguru
Indwara iterwa n’inzoka y’ibimera :
Ikiyitera : inzoka yitwa Angilile (Ditylenchus dispaci) Aho ifata : amababi, ibitunguru Ibimenyetso : onyo ziranuka. Amababi aratumba. Ibitunguru birafobagana. Igitunguru kirisatura maze kikabora.
Jeannette Kagame
Amateka
Jeannette Kagame yavukiye i Burundi, yagarutse mu gihugu cye cy'Urwanda nyuma ya genoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994. yashakanye na perezida Paul Kagame mu 1989, bakaba barabyaranye abana bane, aribo Ivan Cyomoro Kagame, Ange Kagame, Ian Kagame na Brian Kagame. Kuva icyo gihe yaharaniye kuzamura ubuzima gatozi bw'abanyarwanda bari mu Rwanda, cyane cyane ubw'abapfakazi, impfubyi n'imiryango itishoboye.
Ubuhinzi bw'ibitunguru
Uko bayirwanya
– gutwikira mu mwobo onyo zafashwe – gusubiza onyo muri uwo murima nyuma y’imyaka 4-5
Jean-Bertrand Balekita
Jean-Bertrand Baleckita (Ku ya 6 Mutarama 1948) ni umukinnyi ukina umupira w'amaguru ukomoka muri Repuburika Iharanaira Demokarasi ya congo wavukiye i Brazzaville muri Afurika ekwatoriyare. Akina nka rutahizamu.
Ubuhinzi bw'ibitunguru
Iminsi zerera
Basarura onyo iyo ibibabi byazo byumye neza neza, igishishwa cy’inyuma kimeze nk’urupapuro rushaje. Bitewe n’ubwoko bw’ubutunguru n’akarere bihinzemo, ibitunguru byera nyuma y’amezi 3-4 bigemuriwe mu murima
Jeannette Kagame
Ibikorwa yakoze
Muri Gicurasi 2001, Kagame yakiriye inama ya mbere y’abategarugori ba mbere b’Abanyafurika kugirango baganire ku bana no ku kwirinda virusi itera SIDA i Kigali, mu Rwanda. Iyi nama iganisha ku ishingwa rya PACFA (Kurinda no kwita ku miryango irwanya virusi itera SIDA). Igikorwa cyibanze cyane cyane mugutanga uburyo bwuzuye bwo kwirinda virusi itera SIDA no kwita kumuryango wose. Kagame yaje gushinga Umuryango w’abategarugori ba mbere b’Abanyafurika barwanya virusi itera SIDA (OAFLA) mu 2002, aba perezida wacyo kuva 2004 kugeza 2006.
Jean-Bertrand Balekita
Abavandimwe be Serge-Simon Balekita-Nzaba na Ferdinand nabo ni abakinnyi b'umupira w'amaguru.
Ubuhinzi bw'ibitunguru
Umurumbuko
umusaruro w’ibitunguru kuri ha 1 uri hagati ya toni 30 na toni 70 bitewe n’uburemere bwa buri gitunguru.
Jeannette Kagame
Ibikorwa yakoze
Mu myaka yashize, PACFA yakuze ikubiyemo imishinga itari iyo mu rwego rwa virusi itera SIDA ndetse no mu 2007 Imbuto Foundation - bisobanura “imbuto” muri Kinyarwanda - yarashinzwe. Fondasiyo ishyira mu bikorwa imishinga itandukanye nka: gutanga ubuvuzi bw'ibanze no gutera inkunga ubukungu ku miryango yanduye virusi itera SIDA; kongera ubumenyi no guhindura imyumvire kubuzima bwimibonano mpuzabitsina ningimbi; kurinda urubyiruko kwirinda virusi itera SIDA; kwirinda malariya; gushishikariza abakobwa kuba indashyikirwa mu Ishuri; gutanga buruse ku rubyiruko rutishoboye; guteza imbere umuco wo gusoma; guhugura no guha urubyiruko ubumenyi bwo kwihangira imirimo no kuyobora. thumb|Madamu Jeannette Kagame atanga ikiganiro New York 2005-09-15 Umudamu wa mbere kandi ni umurinzi wa Rotary Club Virunga, ifite icyicaro i Kigali, yashinze isomero rya mbere rusange mu Rwanda mu 2012. Madamu Kagame kandi ni umwe mu bagize akanama k’ubuyobozi bw’imiryango itandukanye, harimo n’umuryango w’abagore barwanya virusi itera SIDA ndetse n’inshuti z’ikigega cya Afurika.
Ubuhinzi bw'ibitunguru
Guhunika
– Iyo bamaze gusarura onyo zeze, bazanika ku zuba – Izimaze kugabanukamo amazi bareba izitarwaye, izidatemye bakazibika ku mbaho cyangwa ku byatsi byumye ahantu humutse kandi hinjiramo umwuka uhagije – Bashobora no kumanika ibitunguru byiza mu gisenge
Jean-Bertrand Balekita
Ubuzima
Amaze gukura nk'umupira w'amaguru, yinjiye mu gisirikare maze aba umukoloneli kandi akora ku mwanya wa attaché wa gisirikare kuri ambasade ya Repuburika Iharanaira Demokarasi ya congo muri kuba.
Jeannette Kagame
Ibihembo yahawe
Mu mwaka wa 2010,Jeannette Kagame yakiriye impamyabumenyi y'icyubahiro yakuye muri kaminuza ya gikirisitu ya Oklahoma kubera uruhare yagize mu kurwanya virusi itera SIDA n'ubukene. Muri uwo mwaka, yagizwe uhagarariye umwihariko ku mirire y'abana na gahunda y'ibiribwa ku isi (WFP). Mu 2009, UNICEF yahaye Perezida Paul Kagame na Madamu wa Perezida Jeannette Kagame bahawe igihembo mu rwego rwo gushimira imbaraga zabo mu kuzamura imibereho y’abana mu Rwanda. Mu 2007, Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) ryamugize uhagarariye Ishami ry’Urukingo rwa Afurika muri Afurika (AAVP), kugira ngo abafatanyabikorwa ba Afurika bagire uruhare rugaragara mu nzego zose z’ubushakashatsi bw’inkingo za virusi itera SIDA.
Jean-Bertrand Balekita
Reba
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo
Ubuhinzi bw'ibitunguru
Guhunika
N.B. : Ibitunguru bishobora kubikwa mu gihe kiri hagati y’amezi 4 na 6. Ibyo aribyo byose ibigomba gupfa muri icyo gihe ntibigomba kurenga 30% y’ibyabitswe. Iyi nyandiko ushobora kuyihuza n’igihe bitewe n’ubushakashatsi bugenda bugerwaho mu buhinzi bw’ibitunguru bityo imibare imwe nimwe ikagenda ihinduka bitewe n’aho uri kubihinga.
Jeannette Kagame
Ibihembo yahawe
Jeannette Kagame afite impamyabumenyi mubigendanye n'ubukungu n'icungamutungo.
kuwa 17 ugushyingo 2017 i amsterdsm mubuholandi, Madam Jeannette Kagame yahawe ibihembo bibiri na "the voice magazine" harimo icyo kuba Umugore w' indashyikirwa muri Afurika nicyo kuba umugore wakoze ibikorwa by' ubutwari kubera guharanira imibereho myiza y' abaturage cyane cyane abatishoboye. thumb|Madamu Laura Bush ari mu biganiro na Madamu Jeannette Kagame
Ihuza ryo hanze
Ikiciro:Rwanda Ikiciro:Umugore Ikiciro:Igifaransa Ikiciro:UBUREZI
Cédric Bakambu
Cédric Bakambu (yavutse ku ya 11 Mata 1991) ni umukinnyi ukina umupira w'amaguru wa bigize umwuga ukina nk'umukinnyi ukina imbere mu ikipe ya Olympiacos yo muri shampiyona yo Bugereki ya Super League ndetse n'ikipe y'igihugu ya Repuburika Iharanaira Demokarasi ya congo.
Yatangiye gukinira by'umwuga muri Sochaux mu mwaka wa 2010, anabakinira imikino 107 yemewe mu bihe bitanu, atsinda ibitego 21. Nyuma yi mukiye i Bursaspor kuri miliyoni 1.8 zamayelo, arangiza ari we watsinze ibitego byinshi kuko ikipe ye yaje ku mwanya wa kabiri mu gikombe cya Turukiya, mbere yo gusinyira Villarreal nyuma yumwaka.
Yavukiye mu Bufaransa, yabahagarariye ku rwego mpuzamahanga ubyiruko kugeza ku batarengeje imyaka 20, atsinda ibitego umunani mu mikino 38 anatsindira Shampiyona y’Uburayi yo muri 2010 mu batarengeje imyaka 19. Muri 2015, yatangiye gukinira ikipe ye y'igihugu ya Repuburika Iharanaira Demokarasi ya congo.
Umwuga wa ikipe
Bakambu yavukiye i Vitry-sur-Seine, yatangiye umwuga we muri Ivry waho afite imyaka 10 mbere yo kwimukira i Sochaux nyuma yimyaka ine.
Bakambu yatangiye umwuga we ku ya 7 Kanama 2010 mu mukino wafunguye wa Sochaux wo muri shampiyona ya Ligue 1 na Arles-Avignon, agaragara nk'umusimbura ku munota wa 83 wasimbuye Modibo Maïga ku ntsinzi y'ibitego 2–1 kuri Stade Auguste Bonal. Ukwezi kwakurikiyeho, yasinyanye amasezerano ye yambere yumwuga yemera amasezerano y'imyaka itatu niyi kipe kugeza muri Kamena 2013. thumb| Bakambu mu bikorwa bya Villarreal mu Kuboza 2015.
Reba
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo
Umugezi wa Songwe
Umugezi wa Songwe ni uruzi rugize imbibi mpu zamahanga hagati ya Malawi na karere ka Songwe muri Tanzaniya. Agace ka songwe muri Tanzaniya yitiriwe uruzi.
Amazi meza ya Songwe niho imipaka ya Malawi, Tanzaniya, na Zambiya ihurira. Itemba mu majyepfo yuburasirazuba kugirango yubake mu kiyaga cya Nyasa. Amasomo yo hagati atandukanya imisozi ya Misuku ya Malawi n'umusozi wa Umalila mu karere ka Songwe muri Tanzaniya. Inzira yo hepfo inyura mu kibaya cya Kyela, ikibaya kirumbuka giherereye mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'ikiyaga cya Malawi ikibaya cya Rifuti yo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba. Ikibaya cya Kyela gihingwa n'umuceri n'ibindi bihingwa.
Reba
Ikiciro:Umugezi wa Tanzaniya
Yannick Bangala
Yannick Bangala Litomba,(yavutse Ku ya 14 Mata 1994) i Kinshasa, ni umukinnyi ukina umupira w'amaguru waRepuburika Iharanaira Demokarasi ya congo. Akina nka myugariro cyangwa umukinnyi wo hagati urinda izamu, kuri ubu akinira Young Africans.
Ubuzima
Hamwe no gutoranya Abanyekongo batarengeje imyaka 20, yitabiriye igikombe cy’ibihugu by’Africa cyo muri 2013 cyateguwe muri Alijeriya. Hamwe n’abatoranijwe nyamukuru, yaje kwitabira amarushanwa y’ibihugu bya Afurika muri 2014 na 2016. Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo yatsindiye ku nshuro ya 2016 yabereye mu Rwanda, itsinze Mali ku mukino wa nyuma n'amanota 3-0.
Vital Nsimba
Vital Manuel Nsimba, (yavutse Ku ya 8 Nyakanga 1993 muri Cacuaco muri Angola ) ni umukinnyi ukina umupira w'amaguru ukomoka muri congo ukina nka myugariro w'ibumoso kuri Girondins de Bordeaux.
Yannick Bangala
Inyandiko
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo
Vital Nsimba
Ubuzima
Vital Manuel Nsimba yavukiye muri Angola aho babaga, kugeza afite imyaka itandatu. Umuryango we uzaa guhungira muri Angola nyuma yuko se aregwa ubujura mu gisirikare. Bahaguruka berekeza mu Bufaransa na Toulouse aho nyirarume yari atuye, ku ruhande rwa se mbere yo kwimukira i Bordeaux mbere i Villenave-d'Ornon hanyuma atura i La Bastide ku nkombe iburyo bw'icyambu cya port de la Lune. Mu Bufaransa, yakinnye umupira w'amaguru muri Sporting Club de la Bastidienne nyuma mu ikipe ya Villenave-d'Ornon aho yagaragaye muri Girondins de Bordeaux. Yinjiye mu kigo cyamahugurwa cyaho afite imyaka 16.
Muri club
Yatojwe muri Girondins de Bordeaux, yerekeza muri EA Guingamp muri 2013. Yabaye umukinnyi mukuru wa bigize umwuga, akina muri CFA 2. Yagurijwe muri shampiyona yo muri 2014-2015 na Luçon, akina muri National.
Nyuma yasinyanye amasezerano ye yambere y'umwuga na Bourg-en-Bresse 01 muri 2015 avumbura Ligue 2.
Ku ya 8 Kamena 2018, yinjiye muri Auvergne na Clermont Foot aho yagize ibihe byiza muri Ligue 2 ndetse yegera no kuzamuka muri shampiyona yo muri 2019-2020. Ibi birahagarikwa kubera icyorezo cya Covid-19 mu gihe Clermont Foot ari 5 muri Ligue 2. Amaherezo yaje kuvumbura Ligue 1 mu gihe cy'ingengo yimari yo muri 2021-2022 m'ugihe cya mbere mu mateka ya CF63 mu byamamare.
amahuza yo hanze
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo
Yoga
Umukino wa Yoga ni umukino.
Yoga imaze koko kwamamara, nubwo inkomoko yayo ari mu Buhinde, ntibyayibujije gushinga ibirindiro mu Bushinwa, mu Buyapani, Amerika, mu Burayi ndetse no muri Afurika.
Mu Rwagasabo naho ntiyahatanzwe uretse ko itaramenyekana byimazeyo. Kutamenyekana ahanini bigaragarira mu bisubizo abanyarwanda batanga iyo babajijwe icyo bazi kuri Yoga.
Bamwe bagira bati: «Yoga ni nk’umikino nka za karate» abandi bati:«Itera imbaraga zirenze iza muntu bityo ikaba iri “satanique” », hari n’abavuga ko Yoga ari ukujya mu mwuka maze ntihagire ikintu na kimwe utekereza (concentration totale) abandi bati: «Ni idini ry’abahinde».
Yoga ni ijambo riri mu rurimi rw’igisansikiriti rikaba rivuga “guhuza”.
Yoga igizwe n’imyitozo itandukanye y’umubiri, yo guhumeka, yo gutekereza ndetse n’iyo gukora no kuvuga.
Yoga rero ni imyitozo ifasha umuntu mu buzima bwa buri munsi, kuko imufasha kuyobora gatekerezi ye (mind control). Iyo rero amaze kumenya neza gatekerezi ye, aba noneho ashobora kubaho, guhumeka, gutekereza, kuvuga, gukora no gukunda bya nyabyo. center|thumb|480x480px|yoga
Josette komezusenge
Josette komezusenge ni umunyarwandakazi ndetse yihangiye n'umurimo wo kwita kuri drede mu buryo bworoshye.
Ubuzima bwo hambere
Josette komezusenge ni umwana wa cumi na rimwe mu bana cumi na babiri akaba ku myaka cumi nitanu yaragiye mu bubiligi gutangira amashuri yisumbuye
muri College St Andre de Tournai ndetse akomereza i Burundi mu mwaka wa kane gusa nyuma yaho asubira mu Bubiligi ndetse abona Bachelors Degree in Accounting.
Umwuga
amaze imyaka makumyabiri nibiri akora mu bijyanye no gutunganya imisatsi.
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Rwanda Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi
Yvonne Umulisa
Yvonne Umulisa inzobere mu by'ubushakashatsi akaba ni umwarimu w’ubukungu muri kaminuza yu Rwanda mu ishami ry’ubukungu.
Amashuri
Afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'ubukungu mpuzamahanga n'iterambere yakuye muri Académie Universitaire Louvain, mu Bubiligi na PhD mu by'ubukungu yakuye muri kaminuza ya Jönköping, Suwede (mu cyongereza: International and Development Economics from Académie Universitaire Louvain, Belgium and a PhD in Economics from Jönköping University, Sweden)
Akazi
Yakoze muri MINECOFIN nk'umukozi ushinzwe Isesengura rya Politiki yiterambere ninzobere mubushakashatsi (mu cyongereza: Development Policy Analyst and Research Expert
MINECOFIN) Oct 2012 - Oct 2014. Kanama 2016 - Kugeza ubu ni umwarimu muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda.
Ibitabo yanditse
Umulisa, Y. (2016). Ingaruka z'ifaranga rusange ku bucuruzi hagati y'akarere muri Afurika (Mu icyongereza: Effects of a Common Currency on Intra-Regional Trade in Africa)"Ibitekerezo byubumwe bwumuryango wibihugu bya Afrika yuburasirazuba. Muri Almas Heshmati (Iv.) Kwishyira hamwe mu bukungu, Ihuriro ry’ifaranga, hamwe n’iterambere rirambye kandi ryuzuye muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba (p. 77-96). Gusohora mpuzamahanga. DOI: 10.1007 / 978-3-319-30432-8_5."Umulisa, Y., & Habimana, O. (2018). Inzira yubucuruzi Guhuza hamwe na Core-Periphery Ibishushanyo mubihugu bya Afrika yuburasirazuba: (mu icyongereza: Business cycle Synchronization and Core-Periphery Patterns in the East African Community)"A wavelet approach, Journal of Economic Integration, 33(4). 629-658. DOI : 10.11130/jei.2018.33.4.629"Umulisa, Y. (2020). Kugereranya inyungu z'ubucuruzi bw'umuryango w'Afurika y'Iburasirazuba ziteza imbere ubucuruzi hagati y'akarere, Isuzuma ry'iterambere rya Afurika, 32 (1), 55-66. DOI: 10.1111 / 1467-8268.12414 (mu Icyongereza: Estimation of the East African Community’s trade benefits from promoting the intra-regional trade, African Development Review, 32(1), 55-66. DOI : 10.1111/1467-8268.12414)
Ibyo yatanze (Submissions)
Hacker, S. na Umulisa, Y., (2021). Ibisanzwe mu nzego no ku kigero cy’ibiciro by’ifaranga mu bihugu byo mu Burasirazuba bwa Afurika. Byoherejwe Kumasoko Yimari Yimari nubucuruzi Ikinyamakuru (mu Icyongereza: Commonalities in the levels and movements of inflation rates among countries in the East African Community. Submitted to the Emerging Market Finance and Trade Journal)
Isoko
Ikiciro:Rwanda Ikiciro:Ubushakashatsi Ikiciro:Abagore babanyapolitike Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi Ikiciro:Uburezi mu Rwanda Ikiciro:Amashuri makuru Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika
Ikibuga cy'indege cya Ruhengeri
Ikibuga cy'indege cya Ruhengeri ni ikibuga cy'indege giherereye muri Ruhengeri, mu Rwanda.
Aho biherereye
Ikibuga cy'indege cya Ruhengeri giherereye mu Ntara y'Amajyaruguru y'u Rwanda, mu Karere ka Musanze, mu mujyi wa Ruhengeri. Aha hantu hareshya na kilometero 227, mu kirere, mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Kigali, kuri ubu, iki kibuga nicyo kinini cy'abasivili mu gihugu. Imiterere y'ubumenyi bw'isi bwiki kibuga ni: 1 ° 30 '0.00 "S, 29 ° 38' 1.00" E (Ubunini: -1.50000; Uburebure: 29.63361).
Incamake
Ikibuga cy'indege cya Ruhengeri ni ikibuga cy'indege kiringaniye gifasha umujyi wa Ruhengeri ndetse n'abaturage bahaturiye. Ni kimwe mu bibuga by'indege umunani bya gisivili bigengwa n'ubuyobozi bw'ikigo cy'indege za gisivili. Ikibuga cy'indege cya Ruhengeri giherereye ku butumburuke bwa metero 1,860 hejuru y'inyanja. Iki kibuga cy'indege gifite inzira imwe ya asfalt ipima metero 1,480 mu burebure.
Ihuza ryo hanze
Ikiciro:Rwanda
University of Kigali
University of Kigali (UoK) izwi nka kaminuza ya Kigali iherereye mugihugu cy' u Rwanda, mumumujyi wa Kigali. University of Kigali Ikaba ibarizwa muri zimwe muri kaminuza zibarizwa mu Rwanda.
Ikigo
ikigo cya University of Kigali cyatangiye ibikorwa byacyo mu kwakira umwaka wa 2013 nyuma yo guhabwa ibyangombwa na leta y' u Rwanda byemerera ikigo gutangira imikorere yacyo nka kimwe mubigo byigenga by' amashuri mu Rwanda. University of Kigali ikaba ifite amashami abiri aho ishami rikuru riheherereye mumujyi wa Kigali, irindi shami rikaba riherereye mu Akarere ka Musanze mu ntara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda.
Ibyiciro
University of Kigali ikaba ifite ibyiciro bitandukanye aho batanga ubumenyi butandujkanye mubyiciro bitatu, harimo icyiciro cyitwa Undergraduate, Graduate studies ndetse na Professional courses. intego nyamukuru ya University of Kigali ni ugutanga ubumenyi buhanutse buzafasha abanyeshuri baho ku isoko ry' imirimo.
Icyiciro cya Undergraduate Program
Icyiciro cya Undergraduate Program gikubiyemo amashami ane (5) aho abanyeshuri bahabwa impamyabushobozi ziri mubyiciro bitandukanye aribyo:
Umwali Sylvie
Me Umwali Sylivie ni rwiyemezamirimo, n'umunyamategeko w'umunyarwandakazi, akaba ari mu bashinze M.ABAYO LAW FIRM LTD urugaga rwabavoka bikorera mu Rwanda bakaba batanga serivise mu gufasha gukemura Imanza cyangawa Ubundi buryo bwo gukemura amakimbirane, ubujyanama mu by'amategeko & Ubujyanama mu by'umutungo w'ikoranabuhanga, Umutungo utimukanwa, Ibikorwa Remezo n'ingufu karemano, amasosiyete ,Amabanki n’ubucuruzi, kimwe na serivise za Noteri. Me Sylivie nk'umunyamategeko kugiti cye yagiye agaragara mu manza nyinshi nk'umwunganizi akenshi akora ku manza zijyanye n'ubucuruzi
University of Kigali
Icyiciro cya Graduate Studies
Icyiciro cya Graduate Studies kizwi cyane nka Masters Program gikubiyemo amashami atandukanye ariyo:
School of Professional and Executive Programs
School of Professional and Executive Programs zikubiyemo:
Umwali Sylvie
references
Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi Ikiciro:Rwanda
University of Kigali
Ikoranabuhanga
University of Kigali ifite uburyo butangaje cyane bw' ikoranabuhanga kuburyo byorohera abashaka kumenya amakuru yose ajyanye na kaminuza ndetse n' abanyeshuri bahiga bakoresheje urubuga rwabo uok.ac.rw ushaka kumenya amakuru cyangwa service zijyanye n' ibikorwa bya University of Kigali harimo ibisabwa mukugirango umuntu yemerwe kwiga muri University of kigali, uburyo bwo kwiyandikisha kwiga muri University of Kigali, Aamafaranga y' ishuri kubanyeshuri ba East Africa, Amafaranga y' ishuri yishyurwa n' abanyeshuri babanyamahanga cyangwase International Students.
University of Kigali ifite uburyo rwikoranabuhanga kuburyo abanyeshuri babona inyigisho muburyo buzwi nka E-Learning ndetse abanyeshuri bakaba babasha gukora ubushakashatsi bwo mubitabo bitandukanye bakoresheje uburyo bugezweho bwa online Library Services
Ihuza ryo hanze
Kigali Ikiciro:Kigali
Jacky N'Tazambi
Manunu Jacky N'Tazambi (yavutse Ku ya 28 Ukwakira 1969 i Kinshasa ) ni umukinnyi ukina umupira w'amaguru uri mpuzamahanga ukmoka muri Zayire, ubu ni congo wakinnye nka myugariro wo hagati.
amahuza yo hanze
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo
Urutonde rwa katedrali mu Rwanda
Uru nirwo rutonde rwa katedrali zibarizwa mu igihugu cy'u Rwanda rwatandukanijwe n’amadini.
Gatolika
thumb|145x145px| Isura ya Katedrali Gatolika - Huye (Butare) - Rwanda - 01 (9009757636) Katedrali za Kiliziya Gatolika ya Roma mu Rwanda :
Angilicani
Katedrali z'Itorero ry'Abangilikani mu Rwanda :
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Rwanda Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo
Habyarimana Béata
Habyarimana Béata ni umunyarwandakazi ndetse n’umucuruzi w'umunyamwuga mu bijyanye n’imicungire y’imari akaba n’umunyapolitiki. Ni Minisitiri w’ubucuruzi n’inganda(MINICOM) muri guverinoma y’abaminisitiri, kuva ku ya 15 Werurwe 2021.
Ubuzima
Habyarimana yavukiye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ariko impamvu yatumye ariho avukira byatewe n’akazi ababyeyi be bakoraga. Ababyeyi be bakoraga muri Ambasade y’u Rwanda muri icyo gihugu. We n'ababyeyi be bagiye baba mu bihugu bitandukanye birimo Amerika, u Bubiligi n’u Burusiya. Mumibereho ye yakoze mu bijyanye no gufasha abantu batandukanye kugera kuri serivisi z’imari hanyuma akora no mu bijyanye no kubafasha kwiga iyo mishinga yabo ku buryo yavamo ubucuruzi cyangwa ibikorwa bibyara inyungu.
Amashuri
Hon. Habyarimana yakurikiranye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye n'imari no kuyicunga.muri kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda kuva 1996 kugeza 2000,nanone kandi afite impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya Masters mu miyoborere mu by’imari yakuye muri Kaminuza ya Maastricht mu Buholandi. Yayibonye hagati y’umwaka wa 2009 na 2011. Bitewe nuko we umuryango bagiye baba mu bihugu bitandukanye, igice kimwe cy’amashuri ye yakize mu Bubiligi, ikindi akigira mu Rwanda aho yizei Kanombe, mu gihe amashuri yisumbuye yayize muri Economic Rwamagana izwi kwizina rya Groupe Scolaire St Aloys Rwamagana.
Umwuga
Hon. Habyarimana ni umuhanga mu bukungu ufite uburambe bwimyaka irenga 16 mu bijyanye n’imari kuko mbere yuko ashyirwaho yakoraga nk'umuyobozi wungirije muri Banki ya Afurika. Yakoraga kandi nk'umuyobozi mukuru muri Agaseke Bank, Yakoze muri Banki y'abaturage y'u Rwanda (BPR) mu myanya ikomeye. Yabanje kandi gukorera ikigo cya Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation,mu bijyanye no gufasha abantu kugera kuri serivisi z’imari ariko ku bantu bafite ubukene bwihariye (Access to Finance for Poor). Yakoze no mu kindi kigo cy’Abanyamerika cyari gifitanye imikoranire na Banque Populaire kandi akomeza imikoranire myiza. Ni umwe kandi mu bashinze Umuryango Nyafurika wa New Faces, New voices, uhuza abari n’abategarugori ukanabafasha kugera kuri serivisi z’imari.
Teta Gisa Rwigema
Teta Gisa Rwigema Umukobwa wa Maj Gen Fred Rwigema umuyobozi w'ishami ry'umuryango wa Afrika yunze ubumwe muri Minisiteri y'ubumwe n'amahanga n'ubutwererane yu Rwand a   akaba yari aherutse gukora ubukwe nu mugabo we bakundanye kuba mu bwana witwa Marvin Manzi. Ubukwe bwitabiriwe na Peresida wu rwanda Paul Kagame.
Christine Murebwayire
Murebwayire Christine (yavutse 10 ukwakira 1967)ni umugore akaba ari umunyarwandakazi, aho yabaye rwiyemezamirimo, akaba yarashinze copetaive ya COPROVIBA(Co-operative de Production du Vin de Banane) mu Rwanda. Murebwayire Christine ni umuyobozi mukuru ari chairperson wa Chamber of Rwanda Farmers ndetse akaba kandi nu muyobozi mukuru w'ungirije w'ishyaka rya PSF mu Rwanda.
Teta Gisa Rwigema
Reba
Ikiciro:Abagore
Christine Murebwayire
Amashuri yize
Murebwayire Christine yize amashuri makuru ya kaminuza, aho yize ibijyanye n'iterambere ryi cyaro (Bachelors' degree in Rural development).
Mukagahima Marie Ange
Mukagahima Marie Ange ni Rwiyemezamirimo w'umunyarwandakazi wibanda mu kubungabunga umusaruro ukomoka kubihingwa byatumye muri 2016 ashinga Zima Enterprise, ikigo cyongerera agaciro igihingwa cy'ibihaza kuko bagikuramo ifu, amavuta yo guteka n'ibisuguti  , muri 2017 yitabiriye amarushanwa atandukanye akoresheje uyu mushinga maze yose arayatsinda bituma akuramo ubufasha bumwemerera gutangira uruganda rukra ibyo yateguraga. Bimwe mu bihembo yatwaye harimo YouthConnect Innovation muri 2017 ahembwa 5 million na Urumuri Initiatives yari yateguwe na Banki ya Kigali.
Christine Murebwayire
Akazi
Murebwayire Christine ni umuyobozi uzwi wakoze imirimo itandukanye :
Mukagahima Marie Ange
references
Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi muri Business Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi Ikiciro:Rwanda
Christine Murebwayire
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Umugore Ikiciro:Umuyobozi Ikiciro:Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda Ikiciro:Inteko ishinga amategeko Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi
Ubukungu bw'U Rwanda
thumb|Ibirunga Ubukungu bw' U Rwanda thumb|money Ubukungu bw'u Rwanda bwagize inganda zihuse kubera politiki ya guverinoma igenda neza. Kuva mu ntangiriro ya 2000, u Rwanda rwabonye ubukungu bwiyongera mu mibereho y'abanyarwanda benshi. Icyerekezo cya Guverinoma cyo guteza imbere ubukungu cyabaye umusemburo w'ubukungu bwihuta. Perezida w'u Rwanda, Paul Kagame yavuze ko yifuza guhindura u Rwanda " Singapore of Africa". Singapore ya Africa
Nyuma y'intambara y'abenegihugu na jenoside yakorewe abatutsi
Mu myaka ya za 1960 na 1970, politiki y’imari y’ubukungu y’u Rwanda, hamwe n’imfashanyo zituruka hanze ndetse n’ubucuruzi bugereranyije, byatumye ubwiyongere bukabije bw’umuturage n’igipimo gito cy’ifaranga bikomeza kwiyongera nabyo. Ariko, mu gihe ibiciro bya kawa ku isi byagabanutse cyane mu myaka ya za 1980, iterambere ryabaye ribi. thumb|GDP Capital development in Rwanda Ugereranije n'ubwiyongere bwa GDP buri mwaka bwa 6.5% kuva 1973 kugeza 1980, ubwiyongere bwaragabanutse kugera ku kigereranyo cya 2,9% ku mwaka kuva 1980 kugeza 1985 kandi bwahagaze kuva 1986 kugeza 1990. Iki kibazo cyageze mu 1990 igihe ingamba za mbere za gahunda yo guhindura imiterere ya IMF zikorwa. Mu gihe gahunda itashyizwe mu bikorwa mbere y’intambara, hashyizweho ingamba z’ingenzi nko guta agaciro kabiri kifaranga no gukuraho ibiciro byemewe. Ingaruka ku mishahara n'imbaraga zo kugura byarihuse kandi bitangaje. Iki kibazo cyibasiye cyane cyane intiti zize, abenshi muri bo bakaba barakoraga mu bakozi ba Leta cyangwa mu bigo bya Leta.
Mu myaka 5 y’intambara y’abenegihugu yarangiye muri jenoside yo mu 1994, GDP yagabanutse mu myaka 3 kuri 5, bituma igabanuka ryihuse rirenga 40% mu 1994, umwaka wa jenoside. Ubwiyongere bwa 9% muri GDP nyayo mu 1995, umwaka wa mbere nyuma y'intambara, byerekana ko ibikorwa by'ubukungu byongeye kubaho.
Itsembabwoko ryo mu 1994 ryasenye ubukungu bw’u Rwanda,bwasize ubukene cyane mu abaturage, cyane cyane abagore, kandi byangiza ubushobozi bw’igihugu bwo gukurura ishoramari ry’abikorera ndetse n’amahanga. Icyakora, u Rwanda rwateye intambwe igaragara mu gukomeza no kuvugurura ubukungu bwarwo. Muri Kamena 1998, u Rwanda rwasinyanye n'Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy'Imari gishinzwe Kunoza Imiterere. U Rwanda rwatangiye kandi gahunda yo kwegurira abikorera ku giti cyabo bafatanyije na Banki y'Isi.
Mu gihe cya nyuma y'intambara - hagati ya 1994 kugeza 1995 - imfashanyo zihutirwa z’amadolari arenga miliyoni 307.4 z'amadolari ahanini zerekejwe mu bikorwa byo gutabara mu Rwanda no mu nkambi z'impunzi zo mu bihugu duturanye aho abanyarwanda bahungiye mu gihe cy'intambara. Mu 1996, imfashanyo z’ubutabazi zatangiye kwimukira mu kwiyubaka no gufasha mu iterambere.
Amerika, Ububiligi, Ubudage, Ubuholandi, Ubufaransa, Repubulika y’Ubushinwa, Banki yisi, gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe iterambere n’ikigega cy’iterambere ry’ibihugu by’i Burayi bizakomeza kubara inkunga nyinshi. Kuvugurura ibikorwa remezo bya leta, cyane cyane inzego z’ubutabera, byashyizwe imbere n’amahanga, ndetse no gukomeza gusana no kwagura ibikorwa remezo, ibigo nderabuzima, n’ishuri.
Ikawa itanga toni 14,578.560 mu 2000 ugereranije n’intambara yabanjirije intambara hagati ya toni 35.000 na 40.000 . Kugeza mu 2002 icyayi kibaye u Rwanda rwohereza ibicuruzwa byinshi mu mahanga, aho ibyoherezwa mu mahanga biva mu cyayi bigera kuri miliyoni 18 US $ bingana na toni 15.000 z'icyayi cyumye. Umutungo kamere w'u Rwanda ni muto. Inganda ntoya zitanga hafi 5% yinjiza amadovize. Habayeho kwibanda ku mabuye yagaciro aremereye nka cassiterite (isoko yambere ya tin ), na coltan (ikoreshwa mugukora imashini za elegitoronike, zikoreshwa mu bicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi nka terefone ngendanwa, imashini ya DVD, sisitemu yimikino ya videwo na mudasobwa ).
Hagati mu 1997, inganda zigera kuri 75% zikora mbere y’intambara zisubira mu musaruro, ku kigereranyo cya 75% by’ubushobozi bwabo. Ishoramari mu rwego rwinganda rikomeje kuba rike gusa ku gusana inganda zisanzwe. Ubucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa, bwangijwe n’intambara, bwongeye kubyuka vuba, hamwe n’ubucuruzi bushya bushya bwashyizweho n’abatahuka bava mu Rwanda baturutse muri Uganda, mu Burundi, no muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo.
Inganda zabonye ubufasha buke bwo hanze kuva intambara irangiye kugeza 1995. Guhera mu 1996–97, guverinoma yarushijeho kugira uruhare mu gufasha urwego rw’inganda kugarura umusaruro binyuze mu bufasha bwa tekiniki n’imari, harimo ingwate z’inguzanyo, kwishyira ukizana mu bukungu, no kwegurira abikorera ibigo bya Leta. Mu ntangiriro za 1998, guverinoma yashyizeho ikigo cyo guteza imbere ishoramari rimwe kandi ishyira mu bikorwa amategeko mashya y’ishoramari yashyizeho ibyorohereza abashoramari bo mu mahanga ndetse n’abenegihugu. Ikigo cyigenga gishinzwe ibyinjira nibisohoka nacyo cyatangiye gukora, no kunoza icyegeranyo no kubazwa.
Umusaruro wa Cassiterite wageze kuri toni 1.000 mu 1990, ariko munsi ya toni 700 mu 2000. Umusaruro wa coltan wanditsweho wazamutse uva kuri toni 147 mu 1999 ugera kuri toni 1,300 mu 2001, naho coltan niyo yinjije amafaranga menshi mu gihugu mu 2001. Nibura igice cyo kongera umusaruro ni ukubera ibirombe bishya byafunguwe mu Rwanda. Icyakora, ni ukuri, nkuko byakunze kugaragara, ko kwiyongera nanone biterwa n'uburiganya bwo kohereza mu mahanga coltan ya coltan. Usibye uruhare rwamenyekanye neza muri ubu bucuruzi bw’ingabo z’u Rwanda (RDF), ikindi kintu gikomeye mu kongera kohereza mu mahanga coltan ni uko abacuruzi mpuzamahanga bahatirwa kutagura muri DRC, bityo bikongerera imbaraga DRC coltan kongera koherezwa mu mahanga nk'u Rwanda. U Rwanda kandi ruvuga ko rucuruza mu buriganya zahabu na diyama bivanywa muri DRC.
Ubukungu bw'ubu nubukungu buteganijwe
Igihugu cyinjiye mu gihe kinini cy’iterambere ry’ubukungu mu 2006, kandi umwaka wakurikiyeho cyashoboye kwandikisha 8% by’ubukungu, kikaba ari amateka yakomeje kuva aho, gihinduka kimwe mu bihugu byihuta cyane muri Afurika. Iterambere ry’ubukungu rirambye ryashoboye kugabanya ubukene ndetse no kugabanya igipimo cy’uburumbuke, aho kwiyongera hagati ya 2006 na 2011 byagabanije ijanisha ry’abatuye igihugu babayeho mu bukene bava kuri 57% bagera kuri 45%. Ibikorwa remezo by'igihugu na byo byazamutse vuba, aho amashanyarazi yavuye ku 91.000 mu 2006 agera kuri 215.000 muri 2011.
Ishoramari ry’amahanga ririho ryibanda mu bigo by'ubucuruzi, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, icyayi, ikawa, n'ubukerarugendo. Umushahara muto ntarengwa n’amabwiriza y’ubwiteganyirize bw'abakozi urakurikizwa, kandi ihuriro ry’amashyirahamwe ane y’abakozi yigenga yongeye kugaruka. Ihuriro rinini, CESTRAR, ryashinzwe nkurwego rwa guverinoma ariko ryigenga byimazeyo n’ivugurura rya politiki ryashyizweho n’itegeko nshinga ryo mu 1991. Mu gihe umutekano mu Rwanda ugenda utera imbere, urwego rw’ubukerarugendo ruvuka muri iki gihugu rugaragaza amahirwe menshi yo kwaguka ndetse nk’isoko ry’ivunjisha.
Nyamara, ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa mu kinyamakuru cy’ubumenyi bwa politiki bushingiye ku Bwongereza, Isubiramo ry’ubukungu bwa politiki muri Afurika, bwerekana ko ubukungu bushobora kugenda buhoro ugereranije n’uko imibare yemewe ibigaragaza. Abashakashatsi bavuze ko impuzandengo ikoreshwa kuri buri rugo yakurikiraniraga hafi izamuka ry’umusaruro rusange w’umuturage kuva mu 2000 kugeza 2005, ariko nyuma ikaza gutandukana nyuma y’uko impuzandengo y’ikigereranyo kuri buri rugo ihagaze nubwo iterambere ry’umusaruro rusange w’umuturage kuva 2005 kugeza 2013.
Bamwe mu bashakashatsi mpuzamahanga na bo bibajije uburyo guverinoma y'u Rwanda yakoresheje kandi bavuga ko imibare igaragaza ko izamuka ryinshi muri GDP rishobora kuzamuka.
Ubuhinzi n'ubutunzi bwibanze
Muri 2012 ubuhinzi bwagize 33% by'ubukungu bw'u Rwanda.
U Rwanda rumaze igihe rushingiye ku ikawa nk'igihingwa cy'amafaranga. Kugabanuka kw'ibiciro bya kawa mu 1989 byatumye igabanuka rikomeye ry'ubushobozi bwo kugura, kandi byongera n'amakimbirane yo mu ngo.
Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bwagize ibibazo byinshi muri Jenoside yo mu 1994, hapfa abantu benshi, kutita ku bikorwa remezo, gusahura, no kutita ku bihingwa by’amafaranga. Ibi byatumye igabanuka ryinshi rya GDP kandi ryangiza ubushobozi bwigihugu mu gukurura ishoramari ryigenga n’amahanga. [21] Ubukungu Kuva gukomera, na buri-capita GDP ( PPP ) bagera ku $ 2.225 mu 2018, [22] ugereranyije $ 416 mu 1994. [23] Amasoko akomeye yoherezwaho ibicuruzwa mu mahanga arimo Ubushinwa, Ubudage, na Amerika. [21] Ubukungu bucungwa na Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda kandi ifaranga ni amafaranga y’u Rwanda ; muri Kamena 2010, igipimo cy’ivunjisha cyari amafaranga 588 ku madorari y’Amerika. [24] U Rwanda rwinjiye mu muryango w’Afurika y’iburasirazuba mu 2007 kandi hari gahunda y’amashiringi rusange yo muri Afurika y’iburasirazuba, yari yizeye ko azashyirwaho mu 2015, [25] ariko akaba ataragera ku musaruro (2020).
U Rwanda ni igihugu gifite umutungo kamere, [26] kandi ubukungu bushingiye ahanini ku buhinzi butunzwe n’abahinzi baho bakoresheje ibikoresho byoroshye. [27] Ikigereranyo cya 90% by’imirima y’abaturage ikora, n’ubuhinzi bigizwe na 42.0% bya GDP mu mwaka wa 2010. [21] Kuva mu myaka ya za 1980 rwagati, ingano y’imirima n’umusaruro w’ibiribwa wagabanutse, bitewe n’uko bimuwe abantu bimuwe. [28] [29] Nubwo u Rwanda rufite urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima birumbuka, umusaruro w’ibiribwa akenshi ntujyana n’ubwiyongere bw’abaturage, kandi birasabwa gutumizwa mu mahanga. [21]
Ibihingwa bihingwa mu gihugu birimo ikawa, icyayi, pyrethrum, ibitoki, ibishyimbo, amasaka n'ibirayi. Ikawa n'icyayi nibyo bihingwa binini by'amafaranga yoherezwa hanze, hamwe nubutumburuke buke, ahantu hahanamye hamwe nubutaka bwibirunga bitanga ibihe byiza. Kwishingikiriza ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bituma u Rwanda rwibasirwa n’imihindagurikire y’ibiciro byabo. [30]
Amatungo y’ubuhinzi yororerwa mu Rwanda arimo inka, ihene, intama, ingurube, inkoko, ninkwavu, ndetse n'amafi hamwe n’imiterere ya geografiya mu mibare ya buri tungo. [31] umusaruro ahani ni gakondo, nubwo hari bake babona amata ndetse bagahinga imirima hirya Kigali. [31] Ibura ry’ubutaka n’amazi, ibiryo bidahagije kandi bidafite ubuziranenge, hamwe n’ibyorezo by’indwara bisanzwe hamwe na serivisi z’amatungo bidahagije ni inzitizi zikomeye zibuza umusaruro. "Gira Inka imwe muri gahunda za letamu gufasha imiryango ikennye" (Girinka), yashyizwe mu bikorwa mu 2006, yatanze inka 341.065 muri 2018.
Uburobyi bubera ku biyaga byigihugu, ariko ububiko bwaragabanutse cyane, kandi amafi mazima atumizwa mu mahanga mu rwego rwo kubyutsa inganda. [33]
Inganda zikora ubucukuzi bw' amabuye y' agaciro bw'u Rwanda n’umuterankunga ukomeye, zinjije amadolari ya Amerika 93 miliyoni muri 2008. [34] Amabuye y'agaciro yacukuwe arimo cassiterite, wolframite, safiro, zahabu, na coltan, ikoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n'itumanaho nka terefone zigendanwa. [34] [35] Umusaruro wa metani ukomoka mu kiyaga cya Kivu watangiye mu 1983, ariko kugeza ubu ukoreshwa n’uruganda rwa Bralirwa gusa.
Ingufu n'amashanyarazi
thumb|Amashanyarazi U Rwanda rwateye intambwe nini mu kuzamura amashanyarazi mu kinyejana cya 21. Umubare munini wibice bishya byahawe amashanyarazi binyuze mu kwagura ibikorwa remezo.
Kugabanuka kw'amashyamba amaherezo bizahatira abanyarwanda guhindukirira amasoko ya peteroli bareke amakara yo gutekesha no gushyushya. Urebye ubwinshi bw'imigezi n'ibiyaga, ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi ni bwinshi. U Rwanda rukoresha umutungo kamere binyuze mu mishinga ihuriweho n'amashanyarazi n'Uburundi na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo.
Inganda
Urwego rw'inganda ruratera imbere cyane, rutanga 16% bya GDP muri 2012.
Urugaga rw'inganda mu Rwanda rwiganjemo umusaruro usimbura ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga. Ibigo binini bitanga byeri, ibinyobwa bidasembuye, itabi, amasuka, amagare y'abamugaye, isabune, matelas, umuyoboro wa pulasitike, ibikoresho byo gusakara, n'amazi mu icupa. n'indi misaruro harimo iva mu buhinzi, ibinyobwa bito bito, isabune, ibikoresho, inkweto, sima, pulasitiki, imyenda no n'itabi. [21]
Ubukerarugendo na serivisi
Urwego rwa serivisi mu Rwanda rwagize ibibazo mu mpera z'imyaka ya za 2000 kubera ko amabanki yagabanije inguzanyo ndetse n'imishinga yo gufasha mu mahanga n'ishoramari bikagabanuka. [36] Urwego rwongeye kwiyongera mu mwaka wa 2010, ruba urwego runini mu gihugu ku musaruro w’ubukungu kandi rutanga 43,6% by’umusaruro rusange w’igihugu. [21] Abaterankunga bo mu rwego rwa gatatu barimo amabanki n’imari, ubucuruzi bwinshi n’ibicuruzwa, amahoteri na resitora, ubwikorezi, ububiko, itumanaho, ubwishingizi, imitungo itimukanwa, serivisi z’ubucuruzi n’ubuyobozi bwa Leta harimo uburezi n’ubuzima. [36]
Ubukerarugendo ni bumwe mu bukungu bwiyongera cyane mu bukungu kandi bwabaye igihugu cya mbere mu kwinjiza amadovize mu mwaka wa 2011. [37] N'ubwo umurage wa jenoside, igihugu kigenda kibonwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga nk'ahantu heza; [38] Ubuyobozi bwa Abinjira n'Abasohoka bw'anditse abantu banga 405,801 basura igihugu hagati ya Mutarama na Kamena 2011; 16% muri bo baturutse hanze ya Afurika. [39] inyungu mu bukerarugendo yari US $ 115,600,000 hagati Mutarama na Kamena 2011; abakora ibiruhuko batanze 43% byinjira, nubwo ari 9% gusa. [39]
U Rwanda ni kimwe mu bihugu bibiri gusa bifite ingagi zo mu misozi zishobora gusurwa neza; gukurikirana ingagi, muri parike y’ibirunga, ikurura abashyitsi ibihumbi ku mwaka, biteguye kwishyura ibiciro biri hejuru by'impushya zo kwemererwa gusura ingagi. [40] Ibindi bintu bikurura ibyiza birimo: Ishyamba rya Nyungwe, ibamo amoko menshi y'inguge, Ruwenzori colobus n’izindi nguge harimo ibitera, amahumbezi y’ikiyaga cya Kivu, na parike y' Akagera, ikigega gito cya savanna mu burasirazuba bw’igihugu. [41]
Ubukerarugendo bw'u Rwanda bushingiye kuri pariki y'ibirunga (PNV) hamwe n'ibirunga bitandatu hamwe n'inyamanswa zirinzwe arizo Ingagi zo mu misozi zizwi cyane na Dian Fossey. Byongeye kandi, ubukerarugendo bwerekeza muri Afurika yo hagati igishanga kinini gikingiwe na pariki ya Akagera, hamwe n’abaturage ba hippopotami, inyamanswa ya cape, zebra, inzovu, eland, n’andi matungo manini y’imikino. Ubukerarugendo bujyanye n’inyoni bufite ubushobozi bwo kwiteza imbere cyane cyane muri Parike ya Nyungwe, mu mashyamba manini adacibwa muri Afurika. Pariki ya Nyungwe ibamo amoko arenga 300 y’inyoni. Kandi ubwoko butandukanye bwubuzima bwo mwishyamba nabwo. Inzibutso nyinshi zijyanye na jenoside yo mu Rwanda zatangiye kubyara ubukerarugendo bukomeye. Urugero, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gisozi mu Karere ka Gasabo ka Kigali - ahashyinguwe abagera ku 300.000 bazize jenoside - rufite ahantu hamwe n’imurikagurisha rya jenoside bifitanye isano n’isomero kandi rifite gahunda yo guteza imbere ikigo cyigisha ku mateka ya jenoside. Ikindi kigo gikomeye cy’urwibutso kijyanye na jenoside gikurura ba mukerarugendo ni Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi rwubatswe mu cyahoze ari ishuri ry’ubuhanga rya tekinike rya Murambi aho abantu 45.000 biciwe kandi skelet 850 hamwe harimo n’ibisigazwa by’imirambo by’abiciwe.
Hari izindi nzu ebyiri z’urwibutso zifitanye isano na jenoside ziri mu Karere ka Kicukiro : Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa  Rebero ahashyinguwe abazize jenoside 14.400 ndetse n’urwibutso rwa Jenocide rwa Nyanza-Kicukiro aho abantu 5000 bishwe nyuma y’uko abasirikare b’Ababiligi bakoreraga mu ngabo z’umuryango w’abibumbye zishinzwe ku bungabunga amahoro babatereranye. Mu Ntara ya Kibungo, ahabereye ubwicanyi bwa Nyarubuye niho hari Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyarubuye aho abagera ku 20.000 bishwe nyuma yo guhungira muri kiliziya Gatolika ya Roma ndetse n'inzu z'ababikira n'abapadiri bari bahatuye.
Ubukungu
Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana ibipimo ngenderwaho byubukungu muri 1980–2017.
Reba kandi
Rusange:
Umusigiti wa Sultanahmet
Umusigiti wa Sultanahmet (izina mu kinyaturukiya: Sultanahmet Camii) ni umusigiti i Istanbul muri Turukiya.
Uruhare rw'umugore muguharanira uburenganzira ahabwa n'amategeko
= Iriburiro =
U Rwanda rushishikajwe n’ibibazo by’uburinganire. Ibyo bigaragarira mu Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo ku wa 04 Kamena 2003 nk’uko ryavuguruwe kugeza ubu, ndetse no mu ngamba zinyuranye z’iterambere ry’Igihugu cyacu. Aha twavuga nk’icyerekezo cya 2020, gahunda y’igihugu yo kurwanya ubukene  n’izindi. Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo ku wa 04 Kamena 2003 nk’uko ryavuguruwe kugeza ubu, mu ntangiriro yaryo ryibutsa ko u Rwanda rugendera ku mahame remezo ndetse n’uburenganzira bw’ibanze bwa muntu. Muri urwo rwego Leta yubahiriza amasezerano mpuzamahanga harimo ayo kurwanya ivangura iryo ariryo ryose rishingiye ku gitsina. Mu gushyira mu bikorwa ayo mahame remezo, u Rwanda rwiyemeje kuba igihugu kigendera ku ihame ry’uburinganire bw’abagore n’abagabo, ibyo bigashimangirwa n’uko abagore bagira nibura mirongo itatu (30%) by’imyanya mu nzego zifatirwamo ibyemezo. Politiki y’igihugu y’uburinganire ishingiye ku ihame ry’uko abagore n’abagabo ari abanyagihugu bareshya bagomba kugira uruhare rusesuye mu iterambere ry’igihugu kandi n’inyungu zivuyemo zikabageraho ku buryo bungana.
Ibikorwa bya Leta y'U Rwanda bigamije guha umugore uburenganzira mubikorwa bitandukanye
Mu rwego rwo gukemura ibibazo by’ikandamizwa ry’umugore ryaranze igihugu cyacu mu bihe byashize, Leta y’ubumwe bw’abanyarwanda yagiye ifata ingamba zitandukanye mu rwego rwo guha umugore uburenganzira bwo gukora, gukurikirana no kugira uruhare mu bikorwa bitandukanye. Kugira ngo ibyo bigerweho hagiye hashyirwaho amategeko atandukanye agamije guha umugore uburenganzira ku bintu bitandukanye. Twavuga nk’amwe mu mategeko akurikira: 1° Itegeko ngenga n° 08/2005 ryo ku wa 14/07/2005 rigena imikoreshereze n’imicungire y’ubutaka mu Rwanda; 2° Itegeko n° 22/99 ryo ku wa 12 Ugushyingo 1999 ryuzuza igitabo cya mbere cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano kandi rishyiraho igice cya gatanu cyerekeye imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, impano n’izungura; 3° Itegeko n° 27/2001 ryo ku wa 28 Mata 2001 ryerekeye uburenganzira bw’umwana n’uburyo bwo kumurinda ihohoterwa; 4° Itegeko n°59/2008 ryo kuwa 10/09/2008 rikumira kandi rihana ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose rishingiye ku gitsina; Aya mategeko kimwe n’andi agitegurwa ashyirwaho mu rwego rwo guha umugore uburenganzira bungana n’ubw’umugabo. Nyamara ariko umugore aracyafite imbogamizi zimubuza kugera kuri ubwo burenganzira ahabwa n’amategeko. thumb|Abagore mu Rwanda bafashe iyambere mu kwiteza imbere binyuze mugukora imirimo itandukanye irimo iyubucuruzi buciriritse
Imbogamizi umugore ahura nazo muguharanira uburenganzira ahabwa n'amategeko
Umunyarwandakazi aracyafite imbogamizi zimubuza kugera ku burenganzira ahabwa n’amategeko. Twavuga nk’izi zikurikira:
1° umuco (kutagera ku mutungo w’urugo nk’amafaranga); 2° kudasobanukirwa ihame ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’umugabo n’umugore; 3° kuba umubare munini w’abagore utaragize amahirwe yo kwiga mu bihe byashize, bityo ntibyorohe kumenya n’ibyo amategeko ateganya ; 4° kutagira umuco wo gusoma, kumva radiyo no gukurikirana ibindi biganiro biba byateguwe mu rwego rwo kumenyekanisha amategeko;
Uruhare rw'umugore muguharanira uburenganzira ahabwa n'amategeko
= Ishakiro =
Umugezi wa Rufiji
Umugezi wa Rufiji uri muri Tanzaniya. Ni uruzi runini kandi ndende mu gihugu. Uruzi rugizwe no guhuza imigezi ya Kilombero na Luwegu. kilometero 600, hamwe n'inkomoko yayo mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bwa Tanzaniya n'umunwa wacyo ku nyanja y'Ubuhinde ahateganye ni kirwa cya Mafiya hakurya ya Mafia, mu karere ka Pwani. Umugezi wacyo nyamukuru ni uruzi runini rwa Ruaha. Irashobora kugenda hafi kilometero100.
Umugezi wa Rufiji ni 200 mu majyepfo ya Dar es Salama. Delita yinzuzi irimo ishyamba rinini rya mangrove mu burasirazuba bwa Afrika.
Ibindi gusoma
Ikiciro:Umugezi wa Tanzaniya
Iterambere ry'umugore mu Rwanda
= Intangiriro =
Raporo yaraye ishyizwe ahagaragara na World Economic Forum, igaragaza ko u Rwanda ruza ku mwanya wa gatanu ku isi mu bijyanye no guharanira iterambere ry’abagore. Ni mugihe mu cyegeranyo giheruka rwari rwashyizwe ku mwanya wa karindwi. Ibi ngo bikaba byarakozwe hagendewe ku byiciro bine birimo uruhare rw’abagore mu bukungu bw’igihugu, guha uburezi bukwiriye abana b’abakobwa, ku rwego rumwe n’urw’abahungu ,kubungabunga ubuzima bw’igitsina gore ndetse no kubaha imyanya mu nzego zifata ibyemezo. Bimwe mu byatumye u Rwanda ruza kumwanya wa gatanu ku isi mu bijyanye no guharanira iterambere ry’umugore ni intambwe iki gihugu kimaze gutera mu guha abagore amahirwe angana n’ay’abagabo ndetse n’impuzandengo y’imyanya abagore bafite mu nteko ishinga amategeko ugereranije n’imbindi bihugu ku isi kuko mu mutwe w’abadepite bagera kuri 51 mu badepite 80, ni ukuvuga 63.75%.Guverinoma y’u Rwanda ivuga ko izakomeza gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba yihaye mu guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ariko hibandwa ku bagabo n’abagore. Leta kandi ngo izakomeza gushora imari muri porogaramu zigamije kongera umubare w’abakobwa biga ibijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga n’ibindi.U Rwanda ruje kuri uyu mwanya nyuma ya Iceland, Finland, Norvege na Sweden.
Mariam Muganga
Mariam Muganga (wavutse 1987) ni umucuruzikazi wo mu Rwanda. Niwe washinze Academic Bridge, isosiyete itanga porogaramu ikoreshwa mu mashuri 90 yo mu Rwanda. Muri 2016 Academic Bridge yatsindiye igihembo cy’itumanaho mpuzamahanga muri e-Education kubera uruhare yagize mu kuzamura uburezi binyuze muri ICT.