cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Umugezi wa Perkerra
Gufata
Uruzi rufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 1,207 (466 sq mi). Irazamuka mu ishyamba rya Mau ku rukuta rwo mu burengerazuba bw'ikibaya cya Rift kuri metero 8000 (m 2,400), ikamanuka ikagera kuri metero 3200 ku munwa ku kiyaga. Agace kafashwe gafite imisozi ihanamye kumusozi, igororotse hepfo hepfo. Amazi menshi ava mumisozi, aho imvura yumwaka iba kuva kuri milimetero 1100 (43 in) kugeza kuri milimetero 2700 (110 muri). Agace gakikije ikiyaga ni igice cyumukindo, imvura igwa buri mwaka ya milimetero 450 (18 muri) hamwe n’umwuka uhumeka wa milimetero 1,650 (65 muri) kugeza kuri milimetero 2300 (91 muri).[5]
Guhindura imikoreshereze yubutaka
Mu mpera z'imyaka ya 1800, ikibaya cya alluvial hafi y'ikiyaga cyigaruriwe n'abantu ba Njemps, ubwoko bufitanye isano na Maasai. Bakoresheje inzitizi ya brushwood kugirango bazamure urwego rwinzuzi bareke amazi atemba hejuru yubutaka. Inzitizi yari gusenywa numwuzure wigihe, ukeneye gusimburwa, ariko sisitemu yari ihamye. Umushakashatsi w’Ubwongereza Joseph Thomson yasuye Perkerra mu kinyejana cya cumi n'icyenda hamwe na karwi ye maze agura ingano mu baturage baho, akura akoresheje uburyo bwabo bwo kuhira akoresheje ibase n'imigezi.[7]
Hamwe n’Abanyaburayi binjiye muri ako karere, abantu n’amatungo bariyongereye. Ibyatsi byo hejuru byafashwe byaragiye, isuri yiyongera kandi igipimo cyo gutemba nacyo cyiyongera, bituma imyuzure rimwe na rimwe. Sisitemu ya bariyeri ya brushwood ntishobora guhangana numwuzure maze Njemps ihinduka abashumba. Kurisha cyane, amapfa no gutera inzige byateje ikibazo cyibiribwa mu mpera za 1920. Mu myaka ya za 1930, ubuyobozi bwa gikoloni bwatangiye gutekereza ku kuhira imyaka, kandi ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 1936, nubwo nta kintu cyakozwe mu myaka runaka.[8]
Gahunda yo kuhira Perkerra
Gahunda yo kuhira Perkerra yatangijwe mu 1952 mugihe cyihutirwa. Kubaka byatangiye mu 1954.> Abafunzwe bakoze umuhanda bategura ubutaka bwo kuhira. Umushinga wihuse, uhenze kubishyira mubikorwa no kubungabunga, hamwe nibisubizo bike. Habayeho ingorane zo guhinga ibihingwa no kubigurisha. Benshi mu bahinzi bakodesha batuye umushinga nyuma baragenda. Kugeza 1959 hafashwe umwanzuro wo gufunga gahunda, yari ifite imiryango 100 gusa, ariko ibi byahinduwe bikomeza ibikorwa bike. Mu 1962, gahunda yaguwe, kandi mu 1967 hari amazu 500 yo guhinga, nubwo hakenewe inkunga [3]
Gahunda yo kuhira Perkerra ubu ifasha ingo zigera kuri 670. Ubuso bwose bwo kuhira ni hegitari 2,340 (hegitari 5.800) ariko hegitari 810 gusa (hegitari 2000) nizo zatejwe imbere yo kuhira imyaka kandi muri hegitari 607 (hegitari 1.500) zirahingwa kubera kubura amazi. Kera ibihingwa nyamukuru byari ibitunguru, chili, garizone, pawpaws na pamba. Ibigori byatangijwe mu 1996 kandi byagaragaye ko byoroshye ku isoko. Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi cya Kenya gifite ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi mu Mujyi wa Marigat cyuzuza gahunda yo kuhira [10]
Ibibazo n'ibikorwa
Hamwe n'ibiti bito bitwikiriye igice kinini cyo hasi, ubutaka burashonga byoroshye kandi imyanda myinshi ishyirwa mukiyaga cya Baringo. Hagati ya 1972 na 2003 ubujyakuzimu bw'ikiyaga bwaragabanutse buva kuri metero 26 (metero 26) bugera kuri metero 2,5 (8 ft 2 muri). Ikiyaga cyagabanutse kuva kuri kilometero kare 160 (62 sq mi) mu 1960 kugeza kuri kilometero kare 108 (42 sq mi) mu 2001. Igenda iba umunyu, kandi amafi aragabanuka. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu mwaka wa 2010 bwerekanye ko uruzi rwabaye ibihe. Ubushakashatsi bwasabye gushyira mubikorwa ikigega giteganijwe, cyangwa ibidukikije. Byatekerezwaga ko umushinga w’urugomero rwa Chemususu kuri umwe mu masoko akomeye ya Perkerra, ugomba gutangizwa mu 2011, uzagabanya ingaruka z’ikigega ku bakoresha amazi mu gihe uruzi rutuma rwose. Urugomero ruzaba rufite metero kibe 11,000,000 (390.000.000 cu ft) kandi ruzatanga litiro 35.000.000 (7.700.000 imp gal; 9.200.000 gal gal Amerika) buri munsi, bihagije kubantu 200.000. [14]
Amashyirahamwe y’abakoresha amazi yinzuzi mu turere two hejuru yinzuzi za Perkerra na Molo yagiye atera ingemwe z'ibiti, arinda inkombe z'umugezi kandi asana uduce twangiritse bitewe no gusarura umucanga na kariyeri. Perkerra RWUA nayo yarinze amasoko, impungenge zihariye kuva amasoko 30 kuri 72 muri kariya gace yaretse gutemba[14]
Akamaro k'ibihumyo
thumb|ishusho y'inihumyo byeze mbese bikwiye gusarurwa Ibihumyo nubwo ari ibyokurya twashyira mu itsinda ry’ibimera, ariko mu by’ukuri byo si ibimera kuko ntibikora ikizwi nka photosynthese akaba riyo mpamvu bitagira ibara ry’icyatsi muri byo, ahubwo biba bisa n’umweru. Gusa nanone ntitwabishyira ahandi kuko bikurwa mu butaka muri macye biramera.
Dusangamo
thumb|ibihumyo birimo kumera bitarageza igihe k'isarurwa
Igipimo cya cholesterol.
Ibihumyo muri byo nta binure ahubwo harimo poroteyine izwi nka lean. Fibre zirimo na za enzymes zinyuranye bituma igipimo cya cholesterol kigabanuka. Si ibyo gusa kuko ya lean protein ifasha umubiri gutwika cholesterol iyo yinjiye. Twibutseko kugira cholesterol mbi (LDL) mu mubiri byongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara zinyuranye z’umutima.
Isereri
Ubusanzwe isereri iterwa no kugira ubutare bucye mu mubiri. Umurwayi w’isereri arangwa n’umunaniro uhoraho, umutwe, imikorere mibi y’imitsi n’urwungano ngogozi. Ibihumyo rero ni isoko nziza y’ubutare (fer/iron) umubiri ukenera, bifasha mu ikorwa ry’insoro zitukura bityo umubiri ugakora uko bikwiye.
Kanseri y'amabere ni iya prostate
Kuba mu bihumyo dusangamo beta-glucans na linoleic acid, bibiha ingufu zo gufasha umubiri wacu guhangana nizo kanseri. By’umwihariko linoleic acid ifasha mu gukuraho ingaruka za estrogen yabaye nyinshi. Ubwiyongere bw’uyu musemburo nibwo buza ku isonga mu gutera kanseri y’ibere ku bagore bari mu gihe cyo gucura, naho beta-glucans zo zikabuza ikura ry’uturemangingo dutera kanseri cyane cyane kuri prostate.
Kurwanya diyabete
Ibihumyo nkuko twabibonye nta binure bigira, nta cholesterol, bifitemo ibinyasukari bicye cyane, ahubwo bikize kuri protein, amavitamini n’imyunyu ngugu. Bifite kandi amazi menshi na fibre. Ikirenze kuri ibyo, bifite insulin y’umwimerere na enzymes  zibifasha gushwanyaguza isukari iri mu byo turya. Kandi binafasha impindura, umwijima n’izindi mvubura mu mikorere yazo. Si ibyo gusa kuko binafite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya indwara ziterwa na mikorobi zikunze kuzahaza abarwayi ba diyabete.
Ubuzima bwamagufa
Kuba bikungahaye kuri  calcium bifasha mu gukorwa no gukomera kw’amagufa. Si ibyo byonyine kuko binafasha mu kurinda no kurwanya indwara zo kubabara mu ngingo, rubagimpande, goute, n’indwara zose zitera guhinamirana.
Kwinjiza intungamubiri
Ibihumyo nicyo kimera cya mbere dusangamo vitamin D. iyi vitamin akamaro kayo harimo gufasha umubiri gukurura intungamubiri zaje mu byo turya, by’umwihariko calcium na phosphore. Kuba byo ubwabyo bikungahaye kuri iyo myunyungugu, bikagira na vitamin D muri byo, bibigira ifunguro ry’agaciro. thumb|ibihumyo
Kongera ubudahangarwa
Ergothioneine, iboneka mu bihumyo izwiho guhangana no gusohora imyanda n’uburozi mu mubiri. Iboneka kandi mu bihumyo gusa, ikaba ubwayo irimo soufre; umunyu ngugu udakunze kuboneka mu byo kurya byinshi.
Kurwanya mikorobe
Ibihumyo  byifitemo antibiyotike z’umwimerere zimeze nk’izo dusanga mu miti yo mu bwoko bwa penicillin (twavuga amoxicillin, cloxacillin, ampicillin, n’izindi), kandi ni mu gihe kuko nubundi penicillin ikorwa mu miyege. Ibi bituma bifasha umubiri guhangana n’indwara ziterwa na bagiteri na zimwe mu ziterwa n’imiyege, bigafasha ibisebe gukira ntibinazane amashyira.
umuvuduko udasanzwe w'amaraso
Ibihumyo bikize ku munyu ngugu wa potassium. Uyu munyu uzwiho gufasha mu gutuma imitsi y’amaraso yaguka bityo bigafasha mu guhangana n’indwara y’umuvuduko udasanzwe.
Selenium
Uyu munyu ngugu uboneka cyane mu bikomoka ku matungo, unaboneka ku gipimo cyiza mu bihumyo. Uyu munyu utuma amagufa, amenyo, inzara n’imisatsi bikomera ndetse bikaramba. Si ibyo gusa kuko unafasha mu gusohora imyanda mu mubiri.
Ikindi kandi ibihumyo ni ifunguro ryiza ku bifuza gutakaza ibiro ariko bakaba bakomeye bitewe na lean protein ibonekamo.
Icyitonderwa
Ibihumyo biraribwa ariko biri mu muryango w’ibyo twakita imiyege, birimo ibiribwa n’ibitaribwa. Ibitaribwa habamo n’ibifite uburozi bwica.
Mu kubitegura rero banza umenye neza ko ibyo ufite biri mu biribwa. Akenshi ibyo tuzi mu Rwanda biribwa harimo ibyobo, intyabire, imegeri, ibihepfu n’ibindi bitewe nuko mu karere runaka babyita.
Niba utabisobanukiwe neza, mbere yo kubyica (niko kubisarura byitwa), wabaza umuntu ubimenyereye niba ibyo wabonye biribwa.
Ibitica nabyo kandi bishobora gutera indwara zimwe na zimwe nk’ibihushi, ibifaranga (ibikoroto), ibimeme, n’izindi ndwara ziterwa n’imiyege.
Twongereho ko ibihumyo bitekwa bigisarurwa, waba utari bubiteke ukabyanika cyangwa ukabibika muri frigo. Gusa iyo uhisemo kubishyira muri frigo urabironga noneho ugacamo udusate ukavangamo amavuta, ukabona kubishyiramo. Iyo bitinze birabora, kandi bikaba byazana muri byo uburozi.
Uruzi Kafu
thumb|Uruzi rwa Kafu Umugezi wa Kafu ni uruzi ruri muri Uganda, muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba. Ku ikarita imwe ya kera, uruzi rwanditseho Uruzi Kabi.
Aho biherereye
Umugezi wa Kafu uherereye mu burengerazuba bwa Uganda. Bitangirira mu gishanga hafi kirometero 12, mu majyaruguru yu burasirazuba bwu mudugudu wa Kitoma, mu Karere ka Kibaale, Uburengerazuba bwa Uganda. Itemba iburasirazuba ubanza, hanyuma ihindukirira amajyaruguru, kugirango isigare muri Nili ya Victoriya, hafi kilometero 8, hejuru yumujyi wa Masindi Poriti, mu Karere ka Masindi, no muburengerazuba bwa Uganda.
Incamake
Igishanga, kiva mu ruzi Kafu, nacyo kinyuzwa mu rundi ruzi rwitwa Uruzi Nkusi. Umugezi Nkusi ariko, uva ahandi ukanyura mu gishanga cyavuzwe hanyuma ugatembera mu burengerazuba ugana ubusa mu kiyaga cya Albert, ku mupaka mpuzamahanga uhuza Uganda na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Inkomoko yacyo, Uruzi Kafu ni ubutumburuke bwa metero 1,100. Aho yinjirira mu ruzi rwa Nili, ubutumburuke bugera kuri metero 1,040.
Uburebure bw'Uruzi Kafu ni hafi metero 180, kuva isoko kugeza ku iherezo.
Reba
Ikiciro:Imigezi
Michael Okantey
Michael Okantey (wavutse 30 Ukwakira 1939) ni umukinnyi ukomoka muriGana wahoze yiruka mu marushanwa ya Olempike yo mu 1960 ndetse no mu mikino Olempike yo mu 1964.
Reba
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Gana
Imboga rwatsi
thumb|Imboga rwatsi Imboga rwatsi ni mboga zose ziri mu itsinda ry’ibimera byitwa Amaranth species mu cyongereza, zikaba imboga zirimo amoko agera muri 80. Muri yo harimo izo duhinga, iza kimeza ndetse no mu kinyarwanda amazina aratandukanye. Izo mboga twavuga imbwija nyirizina, dodo, imbogeri, imiriri. Izi mboga kuri ubu ku mafunguro menshi uzisangaho zaba zitetse ukwazo cyangwa zitekanywe n’ibindi byo kurya, Izi mboga ni isoko nziza ya poroteyine, imyunyungugu inyuranye na calcium, potassium, na za vitamini nka vitamini A, C na K. Ibi rero bituma zigirira akamaro kanyuranye ubuzima bwacu.
Imbwija ni isoko ya poroteyine
Icyo ni cyo kintu cya mbere wamenya kuri ubu bwoko bw’imboga, kuko ni umwihariko wazo. Poroteyine ni ingenzi mu mikurire yacu, mu ikorwa ry’uturemangingo dushya no mu gusana utwangiritse. Si ibyo gusa kuko poroteyine zinafasha mu mikorere y’umubiri no mu gukora kw’inzungano zinyuranye.
Gusohora uburozi mu mubiri
thumb|265x265px|Imboga Rwatsi Kimwe na soya, izi mboga zifite muri zo ubushobozi bwo gusohora uburozi mu mubiri bityo bikawurinda kurwara kanseri zinyuranye. Si ibyo gusa kuko binagabanya uric acid bityo bikarinda kurwara indwara zinyuranye zo kubyimba no kuribwa mu ngingo.
Gukura kw’amagufa
Mu mbwija harimo imyunyungugu inyuranye by’umwihariko harimo calcium. Kubona izindi mboga zikize kuri calcium nk’imbwija biragoye. Calcium ifasha mu gutuma amagufa akomera, amenyo agakomera bityo bikakurinda kugaragaza ubusaza burangwa no gukuka amenyo no kumungwa amagufa.
Igogorwa
Imbwija zikize kuri fibre. Fibre zizwiho gufasha igifu mu mikorere yacyo bityo kikabasha gukamura intungamubiri mu byo twariye. Ikindi cyiza ni uko imbwija nta gasukari na gacye kabamo, bituma ntawe utemerewe kuzirya.
Umutima n’imiyoboro y’amaraso
Ziriya fibre tumaze kuvuga zifasha mu kuringaniza igipimo cya cholesterol mu mubiri hasohorwa imbi. Mu mbwija dusangamo kandi vitamini K ifasha mu mikorere myiza y’umutima dore ko ifasha amaraso kuvura iyo ukomeretse. Potasiyumu irimo nayo ifasha mu kurwanya umuvuduko udasanzwe w’amaraso. thumb|Imbwija nazo ni ubwoko bw'imboga
Kubyimbura imiyoboro y’amaraso
Ku bantu bamwe cyane cyane abageze mu zabukuru imitsi yabo cyane cyane iyo ku maguru no ku maboko ihora yareze ndetse inaryana. Mu mbwija rero dusangamo ikinyabutabire cyitwa rutin, kikaba kizwiho guhangana n’icyo kibazo. Ndetse no kuba harimo vitamini C bifasha muri ubu burwayi kuko iyi vitamini ituma hakorwa collagen, ikomeza imitsi y’amaraso.
Kurinda umwana uri mu nda
Imbwija zirimo kandi vitamini B9 izwi ku izina rya folic acid cyangwa folate. Iyi vitamini ni ingenzi ku mugore utwite kuko irinda umwana uri mu nda kuzavukana ubusembwa cyangwa ubumuga.
Kurwanya umubyibuho
Kuba izi mboga zirimo poroteyine nyinshi bituma kuzirya mbere y’andi mafunguro bitera igihagisha nuko ukaza kurya bicye bityo ibiro ntibyiyongere ahubwo bikaba byagabanyuka. thumb|imboga
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Ibidukikije Ikiciro:Ibiti Ikiciro:Imboga Ikiciro:Ibimera
Umwuzure wa Bihar mu wa 2004
Umwuzure wa Bihar mu mwaka wa 2004 ni umwe mu myuzure ikabije yabereye i Bihar, mu Ubuhinde mu myaka icumi ishize. Abantu 885 n’inyamaswa 3272 bahasize ubuzima kandi abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 21,299 barahohotewe. Uturere 20 twa Bihar twagize ingaruka. Ubwiyongere bukabije bw’amazi kubera imvura nyinshi yuzuye mu turere dushya mu karere ka Bhagalpur, akarere ka Begusarai, akarere ka Katihar, akarere ka Darbhanga, akarere ka Samastipur n’akarere ka Khagaria. Nk’uko byatangajwe na komisiyo ishinzwe amazi hagati Bagmati, Budhi Gandak, Kamla Balan, Adhwara, Kosi na Mahananda imigezi yatembaga hejuru y’ikimenyetso gitukura ahantu hatandukanye, mu gihe Ganges yambutse akaga ku nshuro ya mbere kuri Barrage ya Farakka.
Umugezi wa Lugogo
right|thumb|345x345px| Inzuzi n'ibiyaga bya Uganda hamwe n'umugezi wa Lugogo (hagati) Umugezi wa Lugogo ni uruzi rwa Uganda mu burasirazuba bwa Afurika. Iherereye hagati mu gihugu cya Uganda kandi itemba yerekeza mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba uva ku ruzi rwa Kabi.
Sandy Osei-Agyemang
Sandy yazamutse mu cyiciro cya kabiri muri metero 100 z'abagabo na metero 4 × 100 z'abagabo mu mikino Olempike yo mu 1972.
Reba
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Gana
Uruganda rwa SOSOMA
Uruganda rwa SOSOMA ni uruganda rwa ba rwiyemezamirimo ruherereye mu Karere ka Kicukiro mu Mujyi wa Kigali, aho rufite ubunararibonye mu gukora ifu zitandukanye kandi zifite intungamubiri zidasanzwe ku buzima bw’ikiremwamuntu.
Intangiriro
Uru ruganda rya Sososma rwatangiye mu mwaka wa 2008, rufite umwihariko udasanzwe kuko rukora ifu z’igikoma zitandukanye zirimo intungamubiri zikenerwa n’abana bato n’abarengeje imyaka ibiri, abasheshakanguhe n’abandi bose.
Ibigize Sososma
Ubusanzwe ubundi Sosoma ni imvange iringaniye ya soya n’amasaka ndetse harimo n’ibigori, akomoka ku bihingwa bya Kinyarwanda by'ibinyampeke Sosoma ya 2 Fortified, yo iba yongewemo intungamubiri n’imyunyungugu bitandukanye, n’ifu ya MSB ikozwe n’ibigori na soya n’amata n’izindi vitamine nyinshi zirimo Vitamine B1, Vitamine b2 na vitamine 6 ndetse vitamine 12 na Vitamine C.
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo Ikiciro:Ifu
Umunsi Ngarukamwaka wa Reykjavík itoshye
thumb|Reykjavík séð úr Hallgrímskirkju Icyatsi cya Reykjavík ni ibirori ngarukamwaka bibera i Reykjavík, muri Islande. Iki gikorwa cyatangijwe n'itsinda ry'abanyeshuri bo muri kaminuza ya Islande muri gahunda yo kurengera ibidukikije n’umutungo kamere.
"Gaia", nk'uko iryo tsinda rizwi, rifite intego yo gukangurira abaturage, abacuruzi, imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta, abayobozi bo mu nzego z'ibanze ndetse n'abandi bakozi bo mu mijyi kuzamura ireme ry'ibidukikije bashyira mu bikorwa imyitwarire iganisha ku mpinduka.
Bifatwa nk'inama Njyanama y'umujyi wa Reykjavík muri gahunda yo kwigisha kubungabunga ibidukikije ishishikariza abafatanyabikorwa bose gufata ingamba zo kurushaho kubungabunga ibidukikije.
iki gikorwa yateguwe n’ishyirahamwe rya SEED Iceland ku bufatanye n’ibindi bigo bito byaho. Abakozi bagizwe nabantu bafite ubwenegihugu 9 bityo ibirori byabaye ubukerarugendo bukurura ba mukerarugendo. Ikintu cyingenzi cyabaye mu gitabo cya 2009 ni misa ikomeye ya Reykjavík, mu byukuri yari iyambere muri Islande.
Umugezi w'amavugurura
Umugezi wo Kuvugurura: Inkuru mpimbanon'amateka mu kibaya cya Klamath ni igitabo cyanditswe mu mwaka w' 2006 cyandikwa na Stephen. Byinshi bisobanura imbogamizi mu guhuza ibibazo by’ubukungu n’ibidukikije mu karere ka Klamath muri Amerika. Igitabo cyerekana amakimbirane hagati y’inzego za leta zunze ubumwe, amoko y’Abahinde b’Abanyamerika, abakora urugomero rw’amashanyarazi, n’inganda z’ubuhinzi n’ubucuruzi bw’uburobyi, zisobanura imbogamizi n’impaka zijyanye no kuhira imyaka y’imirima no kubungabunga abaturage batuye muri salmon.
Igitabo gikubiyemo kandi amateka y’ikibaya cya Klamath, harimo abaturage bo mu bwoko bwa Yurok, Hupa, na Karuk, umuryango w’amacakubiri ya Leta ya Jefferson, hamwe n’imigani ya Bigfoot yo mu karere.
Filime ya 2008
Yahinduwe muri filime yo mu 2008 itari iy'impimbano, umugezi w'amavugurura, yahawe igihembo cya Documentaire nziza mu iserukiramuco rya Filimi ry’Abanyamerika. byananyujijwe ku itangazamakuru ryaPBS.
Kigali Leather Ltd
Ibikoresho
Uruganda Kigali Leather Ltd rwatangiye rutunganya impu rukazohereza mu gihugu cyo muBushinwa. Nyuma Leta y’u Rwanda irusaba ko rwashinga uruganda rukora ibikomoka ku mpu mu Rwanda, akaba ari nayo mpamvu rwatangiye, rukazakora inkweto, imikandara, amasakoshi n’ibindi.
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo
Muriaé
Muriaé ni komine mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa leta ya Minas Gerais, Berezile.
Les Afriques (Ikinyamakuru)
Les Afriques n'ikinyamakuru cyo muri Afurika cy'ubukungu n'imari gisohoka buri cyumweru. Mu mwaka wa 2007, kivuga ko aricyo kinyamakuru cya mbere cy’imari Pan-African. Gitangazwa buri cyumweru kandi kiboneka hafi mubihugu byose bivuga igifaransa.
Intego
Mu rwego rwo guhuza ibitekerezo ''by' umugabane wa kera", abanyamakuru bafite icyicaro mu bihugu bya Afurika aribyo (Maroc, Senegali na Alijeriya ) kandi bubahwa cyane mu muryango w’imari nyafurika.
Chérif Elvalide Seye, Senegali
Yabaye umujyanama wihariye mu itumanaho rya perezida Abdoulaye Wade mu mwaka wa 2000 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2002 kandi yashinze cyangwa acunga ibitangazamakuru byinshi mu gihugu cye. Chérif Seye yapfuye ku ya 18 Kamena 2012 i Nairobi muri Kenya
Jean Serge Essous
Jean Serge Essous yavutse mu mwaka wa 1935 avukira mu mujyi wa Brazzaville mu gihugu cya Kongo, yapfuye ku itariki ya 25 Ugushyingo 2009 mu mujyi wa Brazzaville yari umucuranzi wa saxophone w’umunyekongo, umukararinetisite, akaba n’umwe mubashinze ikipe ya Afrika muri Paris mu Bufaransa, itsinda rya Bantous de la Capital muri Brazzaville, muri Kongo, OK Jazz, na Orchester Rock a Mambo.
Ku ya 11 Ukwakira 2006, UNESCO yashyizeho Jean Serge Essous nk'umuhanzi wa UNESCO ushinzwe amahoro ashyirwho n’umuyobozi mukuru wa UNESCO, Koïchiro Matsuura.
Ikiyaga cya Naivasha
thumb| Ishusho ya satelite yikiyaga cya Naivasha thumb| Aho Naivasha iherereye muri Kenya Ikiyaga cya Naivasha ni ikiyaga cy’amazi meza muri Kenya, hanze yumujyi wa Naivasha mu Ntara ya Nakuru, giherereye mu majyaruguru y’iburengerazuba bwa Nairobi. Ni igice cyikibaya kinini cya Rift. Iri zina rikomoka ku izina rya Maasai ryaho ɛnaɨpɔ́sha, risobanura "ikizunguruka," ijambo risanzwe rya Maasai risobanura imibiri y'amazi manini bihagije ku buryo ryagira ibikorwa byo kuzunguruka iyo ari umuyaga cyangwa umuyaga. Naivasha yavutse mugihe abongereza bagerageza kuvuga izina rya Maasai. Ubusanzwe, ikiyaga cya Naivasha bisobanura "Ikiyaga cy'ikiyaga."
Aho biherereye
thumb| Iyo bwije ku kiyaga cya Naivasha Ikiyaga cya Naivasha kiri ku butumburuke buri hejuru y’ikibaya cya Rift cya Kenya kuri metero 1.884 (metero 6.181) mu buryo bugoye bwa geologiya ihuza urutare rw’ibirunga hamwe n’ibimera biva mu kiyaga kinini cya Pleistocene Era. Usibye imigezi yinzibacyuho, ikiyaga kigaburirwa ninzuzi za Malewa na Gilgil. Nta soko igaragara, ariko kubera ko amazi yikiyaga ari meza ugereranije hafatwa ko afite amazi yo munsi
Ikiyaga cyari gifite ubuso busanzwe bwa kilometero kare 139 (54 sq mi) mbere ya 2010 kandi cyariyongereye kugera kuri kilometero kare 198 (76 sq mi) muri 2020. Ikikijwe nigishanga gifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 64 (25 sq mi), ariko ibi birashobora gutandukana ahanini bitewe nimvura. Iherereye ku butumburuke bwa metero 1.884 (6,181 ft). Ikiyaga gifite ubujyakuzimu bwa metero 6 (20 ft), ahantu harehare cyane ni ku kirwa cya Crescent, ku burebure bwa metero 30 (98 ft). Njorowa Gorge yigeze gukora ikiyaga, ariko ubu iri hejuru yikiyaga kandi ikora umuryango winjira muri parike yigihugu yumuriro. Umujyi wa Naivasha (ahahoze hitwa Nakuru) uherereye mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'ikiyaga.
Ibidukikije
Hariho ibiyaga bibiri bito hafi yikiyaga cya Naivasha: Ikiyaga cya Oloiden n'ikiyaga cya Sonachi (ikiyaga kibisi kibisi). Ikibuga cy’imikino cya Crater Lake kiri hafi, mu gihe inkombe y’ikiyaga izwiho kuba ituye abimukira b’abanyaburayi n’abimukira.
Amateka
Hagati ya 1937 na 1950, iki kiyaga cyakoreshejwe nk'ahantu hagwa amato aguruka ku modoka itwara abagenzi na Imperial Airways n'inzira zoherejwe na Southampton mu Bwongereza zerekeza muri Afurika y'Epfo. Yahujije Kisumu na Nairobi. Joy Adamson, umwanditsi wa Born Free, yabaga ku nkombe z'ikiyaga hagati ya za 1960. Ku nkombe z'ikiyaga hari Oserian ("Ingoro ya Djinn"), yamenyekanye cyane mu minsi y'Ikibaya Cyiza hagati y'intambara zombi z'isi. Ubu igize igice cyumurima windabyo wa Oseriya. Mu 1999, Ishyirahamwe ry’imigezi y’ikiyaga cya Naivasha ryabonye igihembo cyo kubungabunga igishanga cya Ramsar kubera ibikorwa byo kubungabunga ibidukikije bijyanye n’ikiyaga cya Naivasha Ramsar.
Ubuhinzi n'inganda
left|thumb| Ikiyaga cya Naivasha Ubuhinzi bw'indabyo bugize inganda nyamukuru zikikije ikiyaga. Icyakora, gukoresha cyane amazi y’ikiyaga mu kuhira bigabanya urwego rw’ikiyaga kandi ni byo biteye impungenge muri Kenya. Uburobyi mu kiyaga nabwo ni isoko yakazi kandi yinjiza abaturage baho. Ikiyaga kiratandukanye kurwego kandi hafi yumye rwose muri 1890. Urwego rwikiyaga muri rusange rukurikiza imiterere yimvura ahantu hafashwe.
Ikiyaga cya Naivasha, cyigeze kuvugwa ko ari Umutako mu ikamba ry’ibiyaga byose byo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, mu myaka ya vuba aha cyahuye n’ingutu zangiza abantu, tutibagiwe n’inganda nini n’ubuhinzi n’ubuhinzi n’ubuhinzi ku nkombe zacyo, ariko kandi kwiyongera kwintungamubiri ziva mu kuyungurura, imyanda n’indi myanda ituruka ku baturage b’ibiyaga bigari ubu yegera abantu miliyoni..
Mu 1981, uruganda rwa mbere rwa geothermal ku kiyaga cya Naivasha rwatangijwe kandi kugeza mu 1985, amashanyarazi muri MW 45 yose muri ako karere
Ubuso bw'ikiyaga bwariyongereyeho hejuru ya 50% muri 2020 bituma abantu benshi bimurwa bava mubice bituwe cyane bikikije ikiyaga
Joel Kitamirike
Joel Derick Kitamirike (wavutse 5 Mata 1984) yahoze ari umukinnyi ukina umupira w'amaguru wa bigize umwuga w'akinnye nka myugariro. Yakiniye ikipe y'umupira w'amaguru ya mbere ya Brentford muri shampiyona ya 2003–04 ndetse no muri Dundee yo muri shampiyona ya Sikotishi muri 2005. Ikipe ye aheruka ni Chelmsford City. Yavukiye muri Uganda, yimukira mu Bwongereza akiri umwana kandi afite ubwenegihugu bw'Ubwongereza.
Ugushyingo 2008 yakatiwe igifungo cy’amezi 20 azira gutanga ibiyobyabwenge byo mu rwego rwa A.
Umwuga wa ikipe
Kitamirike yavukiye i Kampala, muri Uganda, mu 1984 aza mu Bwongereza afite imyaka itandatu. Yatangiye umwuga we nk'umukinnyi mu bana ba Chelsea, aho yagaragaye inshuro imwe munsi yabafite imyaka 17, ahagarara mu gikombe cya UEFA na Hapoel Tel Aviv, ubwo abakinnyi benshi batagiye muri Isiraheli kubera guhungabanya n'umutekano. Yinjiye muri Brentford ku ntizanyo muri Nzeri 2003, yongera ngutizwa mu Gushyingo 2003 mu gihe gisigaye cya shampiyona yo muri 2003–04, aho yakinnye imikino 25 ya shampiyona ndetse n’igikombe muri Brentford. Yarekuwe na Chelsea mu mpera za shampiyona ya 2003–04, nyuma yi geragezwa n’ikipe yo mubuholandi Willem II Tilburg na Walsall,  yinjira mu mujyi wa Mansfield mu Kuboza 2004 nta masezerano yagiranye. Yakiniye Mansfield inshuro ebyiri mbere yo kwinjira muri Dundee muri Mutarama 2005 ku masezerano y'imyaka ibiri. Yatangiye gukina mukibuga muri Dundee inshuro zirindwi, muri shampiyona yo muri 2004–05 ubwo iyi kipe yasezererwaga muri shampiyona y’icyiciro cya mbere cya Sikotishi ndetse ikongera kugaragara inshuro ebyiri mbere yo kuva muri iyi kipe mu Gushyingo 2005 nyuma yo kwemeranya gusesa amasezerano. Nyuma y'amezi abiri, yinjiye mu ikipe nkuru yo muri majori, mu ikipe ya Columbus Crew.
Yagaragaye rimwe muri Crew mbere yo kugwa mu mupira w'amaguru utari shampiyona yu Bwongereza no gukinira Fisher Athletic na Weymouth. Yarekuwe na Weymouth muri Gashyantare 2008 yinjira mu ikipe ya Chelmsford City,  akaba yarigaragaje rimwe mbere yo kuva muri iyi kipe mu mpera za shampiyona yo muri 2007–08.
Ugushyingo 2008 yakatiwe igifungo cy’amezi 20 azira gutanga ibiyobyabwenge byo mu rwego rwa A.
Umwuga mpuzamahanga
Kitamirike yari ahagarariye Ubwongereza ku rwego rw’abatarengeje imyaka 15 muri 2004, ikipe y’umupira w'amaguru y’igihugu cya Uganda yamushyize mu ikipe yabo mu majonjora y’igikombe cy’isi ndetse n’igikombe cy’ibihugu muri 2006 yakinnye na DR Congo muri Kamena 2004, akoresha  amategeko mashya ya FIFA bituma yemererwa gukinira igihugu cye cy'amavuko kurwego mpuzamahanga rwose. Nubwo Kitamirike yari ashishikajwe no gukina, amategeko y’abinjira muri Uganda ntiyemeraga ubwenegihugu bubiri. Kitamirike ntiyashakaga kureka ubwenegihugu bw'Ubwongereza kugira ngo abone pasiporo ya Uganda bityo abura umukino.
Ibibabi by'umwembe
thumb|Ibibabi by'umwembe umwembe ni igiti kigira amababi afasha muri byinshi haba mu ibidukikije, buvuzi, hari imwe mu ndwara zihangayikisha abazirwaye dore ko nta n’umuti uhamye uyivura burundu ni indwara ya diyabete. Iyi ndwara iterwa nuko igipimo cy’isukari mu maraso cyazamutse cyangwa we ikorwa rya insulin ryagabanyutse itera uyirwaye guhora afata imiti umunsi ku wundi cyangwa yitera inshinge buri munsi Bumwe mu buryo bwo guhangana na yo ni uguhindura imirire no gukora siporo.
ibibabi by’imyembe bikagufasha kugabanya uburemere bw’indwara. Ibi biterwa nuko muri byo harimo amoko anyuranye ya anthocyanidins zifasha mu guhangana na yo.
Ibidukikije:
ibibabi by’imyembe afasha mu gukora ifumbire nziza kandi ifite ibicyenewe byose.
Uko bikorwa
Ibi ubikora buri munsi mu gihe byibuze cy’amezi abiri. Utabashije kujya ubona ibibabi buri munsi, urabyanika ugakoramo ifu, ukajya ukoresha ibiyiko bibiri byayo muri Litiro y’amazi. Uretse kandi kurwanya diyabete bizanafasha.
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Ibidukikije Ikiciro:Ibiti Ikiciro:Ibimera Ikiciro:Imbuto
Itsinda ry'abajyanama ku myuka ihumanya ikirere
Itsinda ry'abajyanama ku myuka ihumanya ikkirere, ryashinzwe mu 1986, ryari  itsinda  rikora ubushakashatsi ku ngaruka z' imyuka ihumanya ikirere.. Iri tsinda ryashyizweho n’inama mpuzamahanga y’'abahanga bibumbiye hamwe, gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe ibidukikije, n’umuryango w’ubumenyi bw’ikirere ku isi kugira ngo bakurikirane ibyifuzo by’inama mpuzamahanga y’isuzuma ry’uruhare rwa carubone dioxide n’i ndi myuka ihumanya ikirere mu’ mihindagurikire y’ikirere n'ingaruka zijyanye nabyo, yabereye i Villach, muri Otirishiya, mu Kwakira 1985.
Itsinda rigizwe n’abantu barindwi barimo umuhanga mu bumenyi bw’ikirere w' umunyaSuwede Bert Bolin hamwe n’umunyakanada wumuhanga muby'ikirere witwa Kenneth Hare.
Itsinda ryakoze inama yanyuma mu 1990. yagiye isimburwa buhoro buhoro n'akanama gashinzwe guverinoma zihuje ku bijyanye n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere.
Reba
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Tokala Kombe Paulin
Paulin Tokala Kombe (yavutse Ku ya 26 Werurwe 1977 i Kinshasa, icyo gihe hari muri Zayire, ubu muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo ) ni umukinnyi ukina umupira w'amaguru ukina ari mpuzamahanga ukomoaka muri Kongo (DRC), ukina nk'umuzamu.
Umwuga wo guhitamo
Hamwe n'ikipe ya Zayire ubu ni DRC, yakinnye hagati yo muri 1996 na 2004. yari mu ikipe yakinnye imikino nya furika muri 1988, no muri 2002 ndetse no muri 2004.
Yakinnye kandi imikino itatu ibara, n'imikino ibanza y'igikombe cy'isi.
amahuza yo hanze
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo
Igishanga cya Nyarububa
Igishanga cya Nyarububa gihuza Umurenge wa Cyungo na Rukozo mu Karere ka Rulindo.
Tumenye Igishanga cya Nyarububa
Igishanga cya Nyarububa gikikijwe n’imisozi miremire mu kugitunganya, Leta yafatanyije n’abaturage baca amaterasi y’indinganire ku misozi ikikije icyo gishanga, amazi ntiyongera kubona aho amenera, baragikamura bakoresheje imigende y’amazi, abaturage batangira guhinga ntacyo bishisha.Abo baturage bavuga ko nta wari wigeze agerageza kugihinga ngo asarure, kubera ko imvura yagwaga amazi aturuka muri iyo misozi akakirengera.Mbere yo gutunganya iki gishanga hashyirwa amaterasi ku misozi igikikije, hashyirwa n’imiferege irinda amazi kwinjira muri icyo gishanga, nta muturage wahingaga ngo asarure. Bamaraga guhinga amazi akuzura igihingwa ushyizemo kikabora, ikibashije gushinga umuzi gitangiye gukura amazi y’imvura akava muri ya misozi byose akabirengera.Igishanga cyari cyarabahombeje, cyarabateje inzara mu buryo bukomeye, barabagobotse baragitunganya, aheraga igice cy’umufuka uraheza ibiri cyangwa itatu, ubuyobozi barabushimira cyane.Uwahingaga imigenda itanu yabonaga umusaruro w’ibiro bitarenze 15, ubu umuntu arahinga akaba yakweza nka toni y’ibigori, barashesha bakabona kawunga, barimo kurya neza, abana bameze neza nta kibazo. Ubuyobozi barabushimira cyane, icyo gishanga cyari ikibazo ariko ubu ni igisubizo.
Ibindi Wamenya ku Igishanga cya Nyarububa
Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Rulindo icyo busaba abaturage n’uko bakoresha icyo gishanga bakagihingamo ibihingwa byateganyijwe. Nk’uko babibonye mu minsi yashize, ubuyobozi bukuru bw’Igihugu bwabageneye inyongeramusaruro ya nk’unganire, ibyo byose ni bwa buyobozi bwiza buhora bwifuza ko umuturage yatera imbere. Abahinga mugishanga ubwabo barabyivugira ko mu mateka yabo icyo gishanga cyabayeho kitabafasha, ariko kubera imiyoborere myiza cyaratunganyijwe, Ubuyobozi burifuza ko bakibyaza umusaruro bagihingamo mu bihe byose by’ihinga, ntihagire igihe kibacika, ariko bahingamo ibyo bagiriwemo inama n’ubuyobozi byamaze gukorerwa ubushakashatsi, mu rwego rwo kubafasha kongera umusaruro. Ubuhinzi bube inkomoko y’ubukungu nk’uko biri mu cyerekezo Igihugu cyihaye.
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Ibidukikije Ikiciro:Ubuhinzi
Kennedy Osei
Kennedy Osei (wavutse ku ya 21 Ukwakira 1966) ni umukinnyi ukomoka muri Gana  uri mu kiruhuko cyi zabukuru wi ruka hagati ya metero 800.
Yatsindiye umudari mu mikino yo muri afurika yo mu 1991. Yitabiriye kandi amarushanwa y’isi mu 1993 na 1997 ndetse n’irushanwa ry’imbere mu nzu mu 1993 na 1997, agera muri kimwe cya kabiri kuri buri mwanya.
Ihuza ryo hanze
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Gana
Ingaruka z'ibikorwa bya Muntu ku bidukikije: Akaga n'igisubizo
Ingaruka z'ibikorwa bya muntu ku bidukikije (Catastrophe: Risk and Response): ni igitabo cyo mu 2004 cyanditswe n’umuhanga mu by'ubukungu Richard Posner, aho umwanditsi ashyigikiye ko hakoreshwa uburyo bw’inyungu-nyungu kugira ngo bikemure ibiza bishobora guterwa n’ubushyuhe bukabije bw’isi ndetse na asteroide zangiza isi.
Umuryango mpuzamahanga ureberera imiterere y'inyanja
Umuryango mpuzamahanga ureberera imiterere y'Inyanja (IPSO) yibanze ku bintu byinshi bibangamira ubuzima bw'inyanja y'isi. Uyu muryango ucungwa nkudaharanira inyungu zanditswe mu Bwongereza. Yakiriwe na Sosiyete Zoologiya y'i Londres. Dr. Alex Rogers ni Umuyobozi ushinzwe ubumenyi muri IPSO akaba na Porofeseri w’ibinyabuzima byo kubungabunga ibidukikije mu ishami rya Zoology, kaminuza ya Oxford.
Umugezi wa Mayanja
thumb|Umugezi wa Mayanja. Umugezi wa Mayanja ni uruzi ruri muri Uganda, Afurika y'Iburasirazuba.
Aho biherereye
Umugezi wa Mayanja uherereye muri Uganda rwagati. Itangirira ku misozi, mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'umujyi wa Wakiso, mu Karere ka Wakiso, Hagati ya Uganda kandi ikanyura mu cyerekezo cyo mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba igana mu ruzi Kafu, Akarere ka Nakaseke ku mupaka wacyo n'akarere ka Masindi n'akarere ka Kankwanzi.
Inkomoko y'Uruzi Mayanja iherereye i Wakiso. Umugezi wa Mayanja winjira mu ruzi Kafu hafi y'umudugudu wa Ndede, mu Karere ka Nakaseke.
Amasomo
thumb|Umugezi Mayanja Mu nzira yacyo yerekeza mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba, uruzi runyura cyangwa rugakora imipaka y'uturere dukurikira: Akarere ka Wakiso, Akarere ka Mpigi, Akarere ka Kiboga, Akarere ka Kyankwanzi n'akarere ka Nakaseke. Uburebure bw'Uruzi Mayanja, ni hafi 150 kilometres (93 mi) kuva isoko kugera kumpera.
Reba
Ikiciro:Imigezi
Kuzimira kw'ibimera
igitabo Ukuzimira kw'ibidukikije cyagize uruhare mu iterambere rya ecofeminism muri Amerika mu myaka ya za 1980, hamwe n'ibikorwa byanditswe n'abanditsi nka Margot Adler, Mary Daly, Susan Griffin, Charlene Spretnak na Starhawk. Yagize uruhare rugaragara mu bijyanye n'amateka y'ibidukikije, filozofiya, ndetse n'iy'umugore kubera ko "yitaye ku bahanga mu bya siyansi bitigeze bibaho" ku isano riri hagati y'amateka n'imiterere ya kamere y'umugore.
Fabian Kizito
Fabian Derrick Subi Kizito (yavutse 26 Nyakanga 1990) ni umukinnyi ukina umupira w'amaguru ukomoka muri Uganda ukina nk'umukinnyi w'imbere mu kibuga muri SV TEC.
Umwuga
Kizito yavukiye i Kampala, yakinnye umupira w'amaguru mu Buholandi muri DOTO Pernis, RKSV Leonidas, DCV Krimpen, Veensche Boys, BVCB Bergschenhoek na VV Hillegersberg. Muri Kanama 2019 yasinyiye ikipe ya Suwede ya Nyköpings BIS.
Yatsindiye ibitego bibiri muri Uganda muri 2012, atsinda igitego kimwe. Igitego cye cyaje ku ncuro ya mbere mu mukino wa gicuti na Misiri. Umukino we wa kabiri wari umukino wo gushaka itike yo gukina igikombe cyisi cya FIFA bakina na Angola.
Reba
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Uganda
Arab Forum for Environment and Development
thumb Arab Forum for Environment and Development (AFED) ni umuryango udaharanira inyungu wo mu karere utegamiye kuri Leta, umuryango ushingiye ku banyamuryango ufite icyicaro i Beirut, muri Libani, ufite imiterere mpuzamahanga; guhuriza hamwe impuguke hamwe na sosiyete sivile, umuryango w’ubucuruzi n’itangazamakuru, kugira ngo bateze imbere politiki na gahunda by’ibidukikije mu bushishozi mu karere k’abarabu.
AFED yatangajwe ku mugaragaro i Beirut ku ya 17 Kamena 2006, ubwo hasozwaga inama yo mu karere ku bitekerezo rusange n’ibidukikije, yateguwe na Al-Bia Wal-Tanmia ( Ikinyamakuru Ibidukikije & Iterambere ). Iyi gahunda yatangiye mu 2001 n’umwanditsi wa Al-Bia Wal-Tanmia, Najib Saab, nk’iteraniro ridasanzwe ry’abasomyi b’iki kinyamakuru mu karere kose, ryashinzwe nk’umuryango w’akarere mu rwego rwo kwizihiza imyaka icumi ishize. AFED yaje kubona umwanya w’umuryango mpuzamahanga utegamiye kuri Leta, hamwe n’ibikoresho bifitanye isano n’ubunyamabanga bwayo bufite icyicaro i Beirut. Ikinyamakuru Al-Bia Wal-Tanmia cyabaye urwego rwa AFED guhera muri Mutarama 2013, nyuma yuko Saab ayishyikirije umuryango w’Abarabu.
Inshingano
Kuva mu 2007, AFED yabaye ihuriro rusange ryunganira ibidukikije bikomeye. Mu myaka itandatu, ibaye umukinnyi ukomeye ufite imbaraga mubidukikije. AFED ikora igamije guhuza impande zose zita ku bidukikije n’iterambere mu bihugu by’abarabu kugira ngo baganire ku bibazo byo mu karere ndetse n’igihugu bijyanye n’ibidukikije, bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’ibanze ndetse n’isi yose, ishimangira uruhare rukomeye rw’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta n’abikorera. Ihuza amashyirahamwe y’ibidukikije n’inzobere hamwe n’ibigo by’amasomo akomeye, itangazamakuru n’umuryango w’ubucuruzi, ku mpaka zihuriweho kugira ngo biteze imbere ibidukikije n’iterambere rirambye.
Ihuriro rikorana n’inzego z’akarere ndetse n’amahanga, rigamije gukwirakwiza ubumenyi bw’ibidukikije binyuze mu guteza imbere gahunda zumvikana n’uburezi, ndetse no gutera inkunga imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta ikora mu rwego rw’ibidukikije.
AFED igamije gushishikariza imiryango yabarabu kurengera ibidukikije no gukoresha umutungo kamere muburyo bwumvikana bigatuma iterambere rirambye. Raporo yigenga buri gihe kuri Leta y’ibidukikije by’Abarabu (SAE) ikorwa buri mwaka na AFED, kugira ngo ishyikirizwe Inteko rusange y’Ihuriro. Ihuriro ryo ku rwego rwo hejuru ngarukamwaka ryateguwe hagamijwe gukurura abitabira kuva mu bikorera ndetse no mu nzego za Leta, amasomo, impuguke, itangazamakuru na sosiyete sivile.
Geoffrey Kizito
Geoffrey Baba Kizito (yavutse ku ya 2 Gashyantare 1993) ni umukinnyi ukina umupira w'amaguru akaba ari mpuzamahanga ukomoka muri Uganda ukinira ikipe Than Quang Ninh yo muri Vietinami, nk'umukinnyi wo hagati.
Umwuga wa ikipe
Yavukiye i Kampa, kuva muri 2012 na 2013 yari muri Vietinamu hamwe na Xuan Thanh Sai Gon. Mu ntangiriro za Mutarama 2014 yasinyanye amasezerano yo gukinira shampiyona ya Kenya mu ikipe ya Gor Mahia. Yagarutse muri Vietinamu muri shampiyona yo muri 2015, hamwe na Than Quang Ninh. Muri 2018 yinjiye muri Saigon. Yimukiye muri Than Quảng Ninh muri shampiyona yo muri 2020.
Umwuga mpuzamahanga
Yatangiye gukinira mpuzamahanga muri Uganda mu 2012.
Ubuzima bwite
Muri 2017 yabaye umuturage ufite ubwenegihugu bwa Vietnam, ku izina rya Trần Trung Hiếu.
Reba
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Uganda
Umugezi wa Gilgil
Umugezi wa Gilgil itwara igice cyubutaka bwa Great Rift Valley, Kenya na plateau muburasirazuba bwikibaya, gitemba kiva mumajyaruguru kigana mukiyaga cya Naivasha. Uruzi rujya mu burasirazuba bw'umujyi wa Gilgil, uri ku butumburuke bw'ubutaka buri hagati y'ikiyaga cya Naivasha n'ikibaya cya Elmenteita.
Uruzi rufite inkomoko hejuru ya metero 2500 (8,200 ft), aho imvura igera kuri milimetero 1100 (43 in) buri mwaka. Ifite amazi umwaka wose. Gilgil ifite amasoko atatu yingenzi. Morindati yazamutse kuri metero 2700 (8,900 ft), Kiriundu kuri metero 2.710 (8.890 ft) na Gilgil Ntoya kuri metero 2,400 (7,900 ft). Umuyoboro ntarengwa utambitse ni kilometero 60 (37 mi) naho igitonyanga kinini ni metero 873 (2.864 ft). [3]
Amajyaruguru y’ikiyaga uruzi rufungura mu kibaya kinini, aho rwacukuwe hifashishijwe uburyo bwo guhinga kuhira. Uruzi rwinjira mu kiyaga cya Naivasha rwuzuyemo Papirusi, izindi migezi na Tifa. Gilgil na Malewa nini cyane ni isoko y'amazi y'ikiyaga cya Naivasha. Byombi bitwara imyanda myinshi mu kiyaga mugihe cyimvura. Igisubizo kimwe cyasabwe kwari ugutera uruzitiro rwibyatsi bya Vetiver hakurya ya delta, byagaragaye mu tundi turere kugira ngo bigire umumaro mu gufata umutego kandi binafasha ibishanga kongera kubyara.[5]
Umuhanga mu bumenyi bwa geologiya J.W. Gregory yavumbuye umudugudu ushaje ku ruzi rwa Gilgil hamwe n'ibikoresho bya flake bitoboye hamwe n'ibibumbano bikaze, byabanjirije igihe cy'icyuma. Ibikoresho birimo ibishishwa byuruhu, borers nicyuma gito. [6]
Amashanyarazi kuri Rukarara
Aho biherereye
Sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi iherereye ku mugezi wa Rukarara, mu Karere ka Nyamagabe, mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo y'u Rwanda, kuri kilometero 182 mu majyepfo ashyira uburengerazuba bwa Kigali, umurwa mukuru wu Rwanda.
Incamake
Urugomero rw'amashanyarazi rwa 9,6 MW rw'ubatswe mu byiciro byinshi. Icyiciro cya mbere, gifite ubushobozi bwa MW 6.9, cyarangiye muri 2011. Icyiciro cya kabiri, gifite ubushobozi bwa MW 2,2 cyarangiye muri 2014. Amafaranga yo kubaka sitasiyo yose y’amashanyarazi yari miliyoni 13.12 z'amadolari, inkunga yatanzwe na guverinoma yu Rwanda, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi n’ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ry’Ababiligi.
Ibindi bitekerezo
Amashanyarazi yatanzwe yimurwa binyuze muri sitasiyo nshya i Rukarara no kunyura ku murongo mushya w'amashanyarazi mwinshi kuva Rukarara kugera Kirinda.
Inkomoko y’uwa Gatatu w’ivu
Umunsi w’uwa Gatatu w’ivu washyizweho muri 591. Ni umunsi abakristu ba Kiliziya Gatolika batangiriraho igisibo cy’iminsi mirongo ine bazirikana ibabara rya Yezu Kristu gisozwa ku munsi wa Pasika hizihizwa izuka rya Yezu.
James Owoo
James Owoo (wavutse ku ya 16 Ukuboza 1927) yari umukinnyi uvuka muri Gana. Yitabiriye gusimbuka hejuru mu bagabo mu mikino Olempike yo mu 1952.
Ihuza ryo hanze
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Gana
Inkomoko y’uwa Gatatu w’ivu
Tumenye Inkomoko y’uwa Gatatu w’ivu
Kuri uyu munsi wa none benshi mu bizihiza uyu muhango wo kwisiga Ivu ni Abakristu ba Kiliziya Gatolika aho benshi muri bo bizera ko uyu muhango wo kwisiga cyangwa kwicara ku ivu wahozeho.Ku wa 22 Gashyantare niwo munsi wa gagatu w’ivu. Imyemerere ni ikintu kimwe gihatse ibindi ku Isi ndetse iyi ngingo benshi mu batuye Isi ntabwo bajya bayihurizaho bitewe n'uburyo bimwe biba bisa n'ibifite urujijo. Mu ntangiriro z’ ikinyejana cya 11 ni ho ibikorwa byakorwaga kuri uyu munsi usanga bidatandukanye cyane n’ibyo muri iki gihe. Kuri ubu uwa Gatatu w’ivu urangwa n’isigwa ry’ivu rishushanyije mu musaraba ku gahanga ku bakristu bikorwa mu gitambo cya Missa, iryo vu rikaba riva mu mashami y’imikindo y’umunsi wa Mashami y’umwaka ushize. Kuri uyu munsi wa none birasa n'ibigoye ndetse kikaba n'ikibazo kuko mu bihugu byinshi kubera icyorezo cya Covid-19 muri za Kiziliya Gatolika nyinshi ntabwo uyu muhango uri kugira uburemere nk'ubwo wari usanzwe ugira mu minsi yo ha mbere.
Ibyo Bashingiraho
Bavugako Mu isezerano rya kera, ivu ryari ikimenyetso cyo kwihana cyangwa cy’agahinda.Mu gihe cyo ha mbere umuhango wo gusigwa ivu ntabwo wahise uhuzwa n’itangira ry’igisibo. Wahujwe n’itangira ry’igisibo ahagana mu mwaka wa 300. Muri Kiliziya zinyuranye wabaga umunsi wo gufungira amasakaramentu abakristu banyuranye, no guca abakoze ibyaha byafatwaga nk’ibikomeye.Ahagana mu Kinyejana cya 7, ku wa Gatatu w’ivu, Abakristu bahabwaga Penetensiya, hanyuma bagashyirwa ku mugaragaro na Musenyeri mu bihannye, bakitegura kwakira imbabazi ku wa Kane Mutagatifu.Nyuma yo kubarambikaho ibiganza n’ivu boherezwaga mu miryango yabo. Abihanaga babaga mu nkengero z’imiryango yabo mu minsi mirongo ine bakisiga ivu, bakitwikira imifuka, bakiyiriza, bakanabuzwa ibintu bitandukanye nko koga cyangwa kogosha umusatsi, hari Diyosezi zimwe zivuga ko hari Penetensiya zamaraga imyaka myinshi cyangwa ubuzima bwose.
Amasomo nyuma yogusigwa ivu
Ivugururamategeko 30,15-20 Dore uyu munsi nshyize imbere yawe ubugingo n’amahirwe, urupfu n’ibyago; kuko uyu munsi ngutegeka gukunda Uhoraho Imana yawe, kugenda mu nzira ze, kwita ku mategeko ye, ku mabwiriza ye no ku migenzo ye. Nukora utyo uzagira ubugingo, uzororoka ugwire, kandi uhoraho Imana yawe azaguhera umugisha mu gihugu ugiyemo kugira ngo ucyigarurire. Ariko umutima wawe nuraruka, ntumwumvire, ukemera kujya kunamira imana zindi kandi ukazikorera, uyu munsi nkubwiye neruye yuko muzarimbuka, muzime rwose, mwoye kubaho igihe kirekire mu gihugu ugiye kwinjiramo umaze kwambuka Yorudani, kugira ngo ucyigarurire. Ivanjili ya Mutagatifu Luka 9,22-25 Yungamo avuga ko umwana w’umuntu agomba kuzababara cyane, agacibwa n’abakuru b’umuryango, n’abatware b’abaherezabitambo, n’abigishamategeko, akicwa, kandi akazazuka ku munsi wa gatatu. Nuko akabwira bose, ati"Niba hari ushaka kunkurikira, yiyibagirwe ubwe, aheke umusaraba we, maze ankurikire! Kuko uzashaka gukiza ubugingo bwe, azabubura; naho uzahara ubugingo bwe ari jye agirira, azabukiza. Umuntu watunga iby’isi yose, ariko akabura ubugingo bwe, cyangwa akabwangiza, byaba bimumariye iki?.
Ishakiro
Ikiciro:Ibidukikije
Amashanyarazi kuri Rukarara
Ihuza ryo hanze
Ikiciro:Umuriro
Umurenge wa Kazo
UMURENGE WA KAZO NI UMWE MU YIGIZE AKARERE KA NGOMA. KAZO YAMENYEKANYE CYANE MU MATEKA YO HAMBERE KUKO HASHYIZWE URUKIKO RWA MBERE MU GISKA CYATWARAGA NA GACINYA KA NYIRINKWAYA. IZINA KAZO RIKOMOKA KU KUBA KU GASOZI K'INYAMBO(AGASOZI KAAZO). UYU MURENGE UHEREYE MU NTANZI Z'UMUJYI WA KIBUNGO UFITE SENTERE ZIZWI NKA KIBIMBA, GAHULIRE, KARAMA, KAZO, MUSAMVU-GITURUSU, RUGENGE, NYAMAGANA.(BYANDITSWE NA TUYISHIME JEAN DE DIEU( JADO-FILS).
Biofuelwatch
Biofuelwatch ni umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta w’ibidukikije ukorera mu Bwongereza no muri Amerika, ukora mu rwego rwo gukangurira abantu kumenya ingaruka mbi z’ibikomoka kuri peteroli na bioenergy. Irwanya kwaguka kw’inganda zishingiye ku nganda ziterwa no gukenera bioenergy, ahubwo iharanira ubusugire bw’ibiribwa, ubuhinzi bw’ubuhinzi-mwimerere, urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima no kurengera urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima n’uburenganzira bwa muntu.
Mu Bwongereza, ifite ubukangurambaga bugamije kurwanya amashanyarazi ya bioliquid na biomass hamwe n’inkunga (Renewable Obligation Certificat) iboneka kuri abo. Muri Amerika, Biofuelwatch ikorana cyane nurusobe rwamatsinda hamwe n’abakangurambaga kurwanya iterambere ry’ibinyabuzima na politiki. Ku rwego mpuzamahanga, uyu muryango ukorana n’amatsinda atandukanye hamwe n’urusobe kandi ni ihuriro ry’iburayi ry’ibihugu by’amashyamba ku isi. Byinshi mubikorwa bya Biofuelwatch biherutse kwibanda ku gutanga icyerekezo gikomeye kuri biochar. Irakangura kandi kurwanya ibisubizo bishingiye ku isoko ku bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, cyane cyane gushyiramo ubutaka n’amashyamba ya karuboni.
Abashinze Biofuelwatch
Almuth Ernsting yafashije gushinga umuryango, Biofuelwatch mu 2006. Yakoze ubushakashatsi anashyira ahagaragara raporo zitandukanye ku bibazo nyamukuru ku muryango, nka bioenergy, ikirere, imibereho n’ibinyabuzima ingaruka z’ibinyabuzima na biyomasi ishingiye ku biti. Rachel Smolker ni umuyobozi wa Biofuelwatch akaba n'umuteguro muri Network Justice Network. Ni umukobwa w'umwe mu bashinze Ikigega cyo Kurengera Ibidukikije kandi afite impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga. muri ecologiya / ibinyabuzima byo muri kaminuza ya Michigan.
Nyiransengiyumva Valentine
Nyiransengiyumva Valentine uzwi ku izina ry’ubuhanzi rya Vava, ni umuhanzi w'umunyarwandakazi wamenyekanye mu ndirimbo yasakaye ku mbuga nkoranyambaga yitwa "Dore Imbogo"
= Amashakiro =
Ibikomoka ku buhinzi byoherezwa mu mahanga
Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe guteza imbere iyoherezwa mu mahanga ry’ibikomoka ku buhinzi n’ubworozi,NAEB, cyatangaje ko mu gihembwe cya kabiri cyu mwaka 2022 nu mwaka 2023, ibikomoka ku buhinzi byoherezwa mu mahanga byinjije arenga miliyoni zirenga $260.