cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Uko Intambara yambere y’isi yakuye abakoroni babadage mu rwanda
Iyo ntumwa yageze Uvira ubu ni muri (Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo) ibwirwa ko igisubizo cya nyuma kuri icyo kibazo kizaturuka i Leopoldville [Kinshasa]. Gusa muri iyo minsi yo gutegereza igisubizo, Ababiligi bamushyize ahantu bamushyiraho abarinzi ku buryo byafashwe nko gufungwa.
Abadage bo mu Rwanda bari bayobowe na Captain Wintgens wari warasigariyeho Kandt, nabo bahereyeho batera Ababiligi kugira ngo bigarurire Kivu yose.
Bifashishije ubwato bwabo bwari i Musaho (Kibuye), bafata ikirwa cy’Idjwi ndetse barazamuka batera Goma barahatwika birukana Ababiligi, barangije bashinga ibirindiro byabo ku Gisenyi.
Mu 1915, Ababiligi bakomeje kugerageza gutera mu Rwanda no mu Burundi, ariko Abadage bari i Bujumbura, Cyangugu cyane cyane ku Gisenyi bababera ibamba.
Intambara ku musozi wa Rubavu
Iyo uhagaze ku musozi wa Rubavu uri mu bilometero bibiri uvuye mu mujyi wa Gisenyi, uba ureba uwo mujyi na Goma munsi yawe, kuko ni umusozi umeze neza mu bijyanye na gisirikare.
Abadage bakimara kuvumbura umugambi wa Colonel Molitor, umwe mu bagaba b’ingabo z’Ababiligi zari muri Congo, wo kubatsinsura bakava i Gisenyi kugira ngo ashobore gutera Kigali na Nyanza, badanangiye urugerero rwaho ndetse baca n’indake ku musozi wa Rubavu bashingamo imbunda zikomeye, izindi bazishinga ku Nyundo bakwirakwiza abasirikare hafi aho, ku buryo umwanzi wese wari buturuke i Goma atari bubacike.
Icyo gihe intoki zose z’Abagoyi barazitemye bazivanaho, ndetse n’inzu barazisenya kugira ngo umwezi ugaragare neza. Abagoyi batafashwe ngo bajye bagemura ibikoresho n’ibitunga abasirikare bari bahunze bavanyemo akabo karenge, kuko uwari gutinda aho yari gufatirwa hagati y’amasasu y’abarwanyi.
Nubwo Ababiligi bari benshi kuruta Abadage n’Abanyarwanda ku Gisenyi, bagerageje gutera inshuro zirenga eshanu ariko basubizwa inyuma ndetse ku nshuro ya nyuma abasirikare babo 21 bahasiga ubuzima.
Byatumye Ababiligi babona ko badashobora gutsinsura Abadage banyuze i Gisenyi, mu ntangiriro za 1916 biga amayeri yo guca inyuma y’ibirunga bagatera baturutse mu Mutara na Ndorwa, bakabona kwerekeza i Kigali.
Ibi byarabahiriye kuko ku wa 6 Gicurasi 1916 bari bamaze gufata Kigali.
Abadage bari ku Gisenyi bumvise ko byakomeye bazinga utwabo berekeza mu Majyepfo bahura na benewabo bari baturutse mu Burengerazuba berekeza Tabora muri Tanzania. Hari amakuru avuga ko hari Abanyarwanda bajyanye nabo, bamwe bagarukira mu nzira abandi bagerana i Burayi.
Umusozi wa Rubavu ubumbatiye amateka akomeye kuko uretse indake ebyiri zihari, mu birenge byawo unahasanga irimbi ry’abazungu bahashyinguye, yaba Abadage n’Ababiligi bakomeje no kuhashyingurwa nyuma y’intambara.
Indangamurongo
https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/uko-intambara-ya-mbere-y-isi-yose-yakuye-abadage-mu-rwanda
Ikirere
thumb|Ikirere
Ubushobozi
Imbaraga n’amikoro abaturage aba n’aba bafite cyangwa sosiyete iyi n’iyi ifite cyangwa umuryango uyu n’uyu ufite bishobora gukoreshwa mu kugabanya ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Mu bushobozi hashobora kuba harimo uburyo bufatika, urwego uru n’uru, uburyo bw’imibereho y’abaturage cyangwa uburyo bw’ubukungu ndetse n’abantu bafite ubumenyi cyangwa se bafite ibintu ibi n’ibi byihariye muri byo tukaba twavuga uburyo bw’ubuyobozi n’imicungire. Ubushobozi bushobora no kuba imbaraga. thumb|Imyuka yoherezwa mu kirere igira uruhare mukwangira ikirere dutuyemo
Imihindagurikire y’ikirere
Uburyo ubushyuhe bwo ku isi bigenda bwiyongera bitewe n’imyuka yoherezwa mu kirere ikacyangiza. Muri iyo myuka twavuga diyogiside ya karuboni na metani. Iri jambo rikunda gukoreshwa bashaka kugaragaza impinduka ziza nyuma y’igihe kirekire muri izo mpinduka kakaba harimo ubwiyongere bw’imiyaga n’ubw’ubushyuhe bw’inyanja ndetse no kuzamuka kw’amazi y’inyanja. thumb|Imihindagurikire y'ikirere mu Rwanda
Ihinduka ry’ibihe
Ibihe bidasanzwe byigaragaza muri byo tukaba twavuga imiyaga ya El Niño na La Nina iva mu majyepfo (itera amapfa mu Rwanda). Nubwo hari ibigaragazako ihinduka ry’ibihe rizarushaho kwiyongera bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, haracyariko gushindikanya cyane. Gukora ikintu gishya cyangwa gitandukanye n’icyo wowe ubwawe cyangwa abo mu gace utuyemo mwakoze mu bihe byashize kugira ngo muhangane n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Hachim Ndiaye
Hachim Ndiaye (wavutse ku ya 28 Ukwakira 1963) ni umukinnyi wo gusiganwa ku maguru ukomoka muri Senegali watwaye imidali muri metero 400.
Azwi mu kwiruka ku mwanya wa kane mu kwiruka metero 4 × 400 mu mikino Olempike yo mu 1996, hamwe na Moustapha Diarra, Aboubakry Dia na Ibou Faye. Ikipe yirutse mu gitabo cya Senegali.
kugiti cye yegukanye umudari wa bronze muri Shampiyona nyafurika yo mu 1989, umudari wa bronze muri Jeux de la Francophonie yo mu 1989, n’umudari wa feza muri 1994 na 1997. Yitabiriye amarushanwa y'isi ya 1995 na 1997 atageze ku mukino wa nyuma.
Ibihe byiza yagize ni amasegonda 45.44 (1994).
Reba
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi w'iruka na maguru
Night Heron
thumb thumb|Igikona Inyoni ya heron ifite, 58-65 cm, muri genera Nycticorax, Nyctanassa , na Gorsachius. Izina ryitwa Nycticorax rikomoka mu kigereki ryitwa "igikona.
Night heron ikaba ikunda kuba ahant mubiti cg mwishyamba, cyangwa hasi ahantu harinzwe nko mu birwa cyangwa urubingo. ikaba itera amagi hagati ya 3-8.
Night heron ikaba ikunda guhagarara kukombe y'amazi, bagategereza, cyane cyane nijoro. igakunda kurya amafi mato, igikona, ibikeri, udukoko two mu mazi, n’inyamabere nto.
kugeza ubu hakaba hariho amoko arindwi ya Night Heron. Ubwoko bwa Nycticorax bwagize ibibazo byinshi kurusha ubundi bwoko bwa Pelecaniformes butazimangana, bitewe ahanini n'ubushobozi bwabo bwo gukoroniza ibirwa bito byo mu nyanja bitagira inyamaswa, kandi bikunda guhinduka bikagenda.
Ubu bwoko bw'izinyoni bwororoka nijojo cyane cyane mu majyepfo y'uburayi kandi yimukira hakurya ya Sahara mu gihe cy'itumba muri Afurika yo hagati no mu burengerazuba.
Imyotsi
thumb|Imyotsi Imyotsi y’imodoka n’iyo gutekesha inkwi ku isonga mu bihumanya ibidukikije n'ikirere cy’u Rwanda.
Ubushakashatsi
Nyuma y’uko ubushakashatsi bugaragaje ko imyuka isohorwa n’imodoka ndetse n’imyotsi ikomoka ku gutekesha inkwi n’amakara bigize 80% by’imyanda yanduza umwuka mu kirere cy’u Rwanda, Abanyarwanda basabwe kubahiriza amabwiriza yashyizweho agamije kubungabunga ikirere no kwita ku bidukikije muri rusange ariko na Leta igafasha mu gukuraho imbogamizi zihari. thumb|Imyotsi nayo iri mubihumanya ikirere dutuye kuko yangiza umwuka duhumeka
ikirere
Ubushakatsi bwakozwe bugaragaza ko imyuka yanduza ikirere cy’u Rwanda ikunze kuboneka ku bwinshi mu gihe cy’impeshyi hava izuba ryinshi, ikagabanuka mu gihe cy’itumba hagwa imvura kuko iyo iguye isukura ikirere.
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Ibidukikije Ikiciro:Ibiti Ikiciro:Ikirere Ikiciro:Amashyamba
Ali Ghribi
Ali Ghribi ni umukinnyi wa mugaye ukomoka muri Tuniziya uhatanira mu mikino ya P 58.
Yitabiriye imikino Paralympike yo mu 2000 yabereye i Sydney, muri Ositaraliya. aho yatsindiye umudari wa zahabu mu bagabo P 58. Yitabiriye kandi imikino Paralympike yo mu 2004 yabereye muri Atenayi, mu Bugereki, yarangije umunani mu guta umuhunda mu bagabo bafite ibirori bya F 58, yarangije ku mwanya wa karindwi mu bagabo ba tera umuhunda batera F 58 irangiza ari iya kane mu bagabo bakora P 54 kugeza 58
Ihuza ryo hanze
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa tuniziya
Mahdi Afri
Mahdi Afri (wavutse ku ya 1 Mutarama 1996) ni umukinnyi wo gusiganwa ku maguru wo muri Maroke ufite ubumuga, yitabira amarushanwa ya T 12. Yaserukiye Maroke mu mikino Paralympike ya 2016 yabereye i Rio de Janeiro, muri Burezili yegukana imidari ibiri: umudari wa feza muri metero 400 mu bagabo ndetse n’umudari wa feza muri metero 200.
Muri Shampiyona yisi ya 2017 yatsindiye imidari ya zahabu muri metero 200 yabagabo na metero 400. Nyuma yimyaka ibiri, muri Shampiyona yisi 2019, yegukanye umudari wa feza muri metero 400.
Isesengura
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Maroke
Azeddine Nuri
Azeddine Nouiri (wavutse ku ya 21 Nyakanga 1986) ni umukinnyi ubana nu bumugaukomoka muri Maroke uhatanira siporo yo gushira. Yatsindiye ibyiciro bya bafite F 34 mu mikino Paralympike ya 2012 na 2016, ashyiraho agahigo muri metero 13,10 muri 2012. Mu gutaumuhunda, yarangije icya cumi n'icya karindwi. Yabaye nku wimbere muri Maroke mu mikino Paralempike yo mu 2016. thumb|Azeddine Nuri Mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga y’imikino ngororamubiri ya 2013, Nouiri yaje ku mwanya wa kane mu ishoti maze atakaza agahigo ke ku isi.
Abasesenguzi
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Maroke
Mike Mampuya
Mike Mampuya-Mawawu Willems (yavutse Ku ya 17 Mutarama 1983 i Verviers, mu Bubiligi) ni umukinnyi ukina umupira w'amaguru ukomoka muri congo.
Akina nka myugariro w'iburyo. Muri Gicurasi 2014, yasigaye nta masezerano afite na makipe ye ya nyuma, ariyo Livingston Football Club.
Mu ikipe y'igihugu
Mike Mampuya yatoranijwe rimwe gusa mu ikipe y'igihugu ya congo, Ku ya 9 Gashyantare 2011 ku mukino wa gicuti na Gaboni.
amahuza yo hanze
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo
Emeka Mamale
Emeka Esanga Mamale (yavutse Ku ya 21 Ukwakira 1977  muri Zayire, ubu muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo arapfa Ku ya 25 Kamena 2020 i Kinshasa ) ni umukinnyi wari mpuzamahanga ukina umupira w'amaguru ukomoka muri congo (DRC), wakinaga nka rutahizamu.
Umwuga wo guhitamo
Hamwe n'ikipe ya Zayire ubu ni DRC, yakinnye hagati yo muri  1996 na 2001.
Ari mu itsinda ryatoranijwe mu gikombe cya Afurika cy’ibihugu muri 1996, 2000 na 2004. Yashyize ku mwanya wa gatatu mu marushanwa yo muri 1998.
Yakinnye kandi imikino ine ibara imikino ibanza y'igikombe cy'isi cyo muri 1998
Mbayo Kibemba
Marcel Mbayo (yavutse Ku ya 23 Mata 1978 i Lubumbashi) ni umukinnyi ukina umupira w'amaguru ukomoka muri congo (DRC)
Yitabiriye igikombe cy’Afurika muri 2006 hamwe n’ikipe ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo.
Gahunda yoguca Amashashi
Igihugu cy’u Rwanda cyafashe icyemezo cyo guca amasashi burundu bituma hongerwa isuku mu gihugu ndetse n’ibidukikije birabungwabungwa.
Ibyo Wamenya
Hatowe itegeko nimero 17/2019 ryo ku wa 10 Kanama mu mwaka 2019 ryerekeye kubuza ikorwa, itumizwa mu mahanga, ikoreshwa n’icuruzwa ry’amasashi n’ibikoresho bikoze muri pulasitike bikoreshwa inshuro imwe.By’umwihariko ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu buvuzi, ubuhinzi n’amashyamba, itwarwa ry’imyanda n’isukura, ubwubatsi, ibikoresho by’inganda n’ibikorwa by’amacapiro ni byo byemerewe gusaba urushushya rwo gukoresha amasashi cyangwa pulasitike zikoreshwa inshuro imwe. Nyuma y’umwanzuro wo guca amasashi mu gihugu, u Rwanda rwatangiye na gahunda yo kubyaza umusaruro ibikoresho bikoze muri pulasitike, aho hatangiye imishinga yo kubibyazamo ibindi bikoresho aho kubijugunya ngo byangize ibidukikije.Nyuma y’uko Leta y’u Rwanda ifashe gahunda yo guca ikoreshwa ry’amashashi mu Rwanda mu rwego rwo kubungabunga ibidukikije, haracyari abavuga ko amashashi atazacika burundu ngo bikunde.Ibi bigaragarira no mu mirimo itandukanye abantu bakora, aho usanga hakiri udusigisigi tw’ikoreshwa ry’amashashi cyane cyane mu bucuruzi buciriritse nubwo hari n’ibicuruzwa biza bipfunyitse mu mashashi. Hashize igihe kinini mu Rwanda abantu bapfunyika ibyo bahashye cyangwa ibyo batwaye mu bitwarwamo (envelops) bikoze muri palasitiki ari byo byitwa amashashi. Nyuma yo kubona ko amashashi menshi yandagaraga bikabangamira ibidukikije kuko yabuzaga amazi gucengera mu butaka no mu bundi buryo, Leta y’u Rwanda yafashe icyemezo ko gukoresha amashashi bitemewe hatangira gukoreshwa ‘emballage’ zikoze mu mpapuro kuko zo zibora mu gihe amashishi yo ataboraga kandi akagenda aniyongera.Nubwo ariko amashashi yaciwe ntibibuza ko agikoreshwa, cyane cyane mu bacuruzi baciriritse no mu binjiza ibintu mu Rwanda biva aho bikorerwa bipfunyitse mu mashashi. Igikwiye kumvikana neza ni uko amashsashi afite ingaruka mbi nyinshi ku bidukikije, icyakora na none hari abakiyakoresha.
Gucibwa kwa Amashashi icyo byafashije
Nyuma y’umwanzuro wo guca amasashi mu gihugu, u Rwanda rwatangiye na gahunda yo kubyaza umusaruro ibikoresho bikoze muri pulasitike, aho hatangiye imishinga yo kubibyazamo ibindi bikoresho aho kubijugunya ngo byangize ibidukikije. Guca amasashi byanafashije abaturage kumenya guhanga imirimo muri iki gikorwa kuko bavuga ko uruganda rukusanya amasashi menshi kandi rwanatanze imirimo ku bakozi 70 bakora muri uru ruganda.Buri mwaka uruganda rutangira abaturage 210 batishoboye bo mu Murenge wa Mageragere ubwisungane mu kwivuza.
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Ibidukikije
Grebe nto
thumb|Grebe nto. Grebe ntoya,cyangwa se dabchick, ni umwe mu bagize umuryango wa grebe w'inyoni zo mu mazi. Izina ryubwoko ryakomotse kuri takhus ya kera yikigereki "yihuta" ikaba ikomoka, mu kilatini " ijosi ".
iyi nyoni ikaba arimwe muzigize umuryango muto wo mu Burayi mu muryango wacyo. Bikunze kuboneka mumazi afunguye hafi yuburinganire bwayo.
Amatagisi
Grebe ntoya yasobanuwe numudage Peter Simon Pallas mu 1764 ahabwa izina rya binomial Colymbus ruficollis. Grebe ya tricolored yabonwaga ko idasobanutse,bamwe mu bayobozi bashinzwe ibidukikije
hari ibintu bitandatu bitandukanye
Grebe akaba ari inyoni nto ikunda kuboneka mumazi cyane,yiganjemo umwijima hejuru hamwe nijosi ryayo, rinini, ijosi n'impande, hamwe n'umuhondo wera. Rufous isimburwa nicyatsi cyijimye cyijimye cyinyoni zitororoka ninyoni.
Greb ikaba ari inyoni ifite ibara ry'umukara n'umweru byera ku matama no ku mpande z'ijosi nkuko bigaragara hepfo.
Ikwirakwizwa
Iyi nyoni yororoka muri koloni ntoya mu bimera byinshi by’ibiyaga by’amazi meza mu Burayi. Inyoni nyinshi zimukira mumazi menshi yuguruye cyangwa yinyanja mugihe cyitumba, ariko irimuka gusa muribice bigize aho amazi akonja. Hanze yigihe cyubworozi, yimukira mumazi afunguye, rimwe na rimwe akanagaragara ku nkombe mu biyaga bito.
Imyitwarire
Grebe ntoya ni inyoni nziza kandi ikayobora kandi ikurikirana amafi yayo ninyamaswa zo mu mazi zidafite ubuzima. Ikoresha ibimera ubuhanga nkahantu hihishe.
Kimwe na grebes zose, ziba ku nkombe y'amazi, kubera ko amaguru yayo yashizwe inyuma cyane kandi ntashobora kugenda neza. Ubusanzwe itera amagi 4-7. Iyo inyoni ikuze ivuye mucyari mubisanzwe yitondera gupfuka amagi. Ibi bituma bidashoboka kumenyekana ninyamanswa. Abakiri bato bava mucyari kandi bashobora koga nyuma yo kubyara. Mu Buhinde, ubwoko bwororoka mu gihe cy'imvura.
Babacar Niang
Babacar Niang (wavutse ku ya 9 Nzeri 1958) ni Umunyasenegali uri mukiruhuko cy'izabukuru- Umufaransa wiruka mu ntera yo hagati wazobereye muri metero 800. Akomeje kugira agahigo mu gihugu muri metero 1000 guhera mu 1983. Mu 1995, yatwaye muri make master ya M35 ku isi muri metero 800, yamaze ukwezi gusa mbere yuko Johnny Gray wo mu gihe cye akuraho ako gahigo.
Ihuza ryo hanze
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi w'iruka na maguru
Muamba Musasa
Guhitamo
Yitabiriye igikombe cya Afurika muri 2002 ndetse n’igikombe cy’Afurika cyo muri 2004 hamwe n’ikipe ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo.
Umwuga
Yabanje gukinira Orlando Pirates, TP Mazembe na Roan United yo muri Zambiya.
Musasa yabuze byinshi muri shampiyona ya mbere na Black Aces, agaruka muri Premier Soccer League nyuma yo guhagarikwa imikino umunani ashinjwa imyitwarire idahwitse ndetse no gukubita, nyuma yu mukino yavunitse ukuguru kwa mukeba we Oupa Ngulube mu gihe cy'umukino wo kwishyura wa Carara Kicks. Ku ya 24 Gicurasi 2009.
Azwiho kwambara uturindantoki twera mugihe cy'imikino.
Notes et références
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo
Yoane Wissa
Yoane Wissa, (yavutse Ku ya 3 Nzeri 1996 muri Villeneuve-Saint-Georges muri Val-de-Marne ), ni umukinnyi uri mpuzamahanga ukin umupira w'amaguru ukina nku mukinnyi w’ibumoso cyangwa hagati mu kibuga muri Brentford FC.
Chateauroux (2012-2016)
Muri kamena 2012 ubwo yakinaga na munis yabarengeje imwaka 17 muri  FC Épinay Athlético mu karere ka Paris, Yoane Wissa yagenzurwaga na bashakisha bo muri La Berrichonne de Châteauroux m'ugihe cy anyuma cyi gikombe cya Essonne yatsinzwe na Fleury kuri penariti. (1-1 | 3-1 tab ). Amanota, yemeza kandi ko amaherezo ahuza ikigo cya mahugurwa cya Châteauroux muri Kanama nyuma yi geragezwa ryuzuye. Yahise azamurwa mu ntera na munsi yabafite imyaka 19 maze yinjira mu itsinda rya bo icyo gihe mu gihugu muri shampiyona ya 2015-2016. Mu masezerano y'abatoza muri gihe ye ya mbere hamwe n'itsinda rya babigize umwuga, yakinnye imikino 26 atsinda ibitego umunani, bihagije kugirango ashimishe amakipe yo murwego rwo hejuru.
Inyandiko
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo
Umurenge sacco
Umurenge Sacco ni ishyirahamwe rishyirwaho n'itsinda runaka ryábantu bafite icyo bahuriyeho kugirango babashe kwizigamira no kugurizanya bakishyura barengejeho inyungu bemeranyijweho
Amateka y'umurenge Sacco
nk'uko byatangajwe n'ikigo cy[igihugu gishinzwe amakoperative, umurenge ni ikigo cy[imari cyashyizweho na Leta y'u Rwanda kugirango ikibazo cy'uko abagera kuri 52% batari bafite ibigo by'imari bakorana nabyo
Ubuzima bwiza bwibidukikije ni Ubuzima bwiza bwa muntu.
REMA
REMA ni ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe kwita kubidukikije mu Rwanda. kuwa 13 kanama 2018, ikigo cy'igihugu kirengera ibidukikije mu Rwanda cyashyize hanze igazeti ku ibidukikije. iy'igazeti ikaba ikubiyemo imitwe itandukanye harimo kubungabunga no kurengara ibidukikije kamere, amahame remezo agenga kibungabunga ibidukikije, kubungabunga no kurengera ibidukikije biva mubikorwa bya muntu, ibikorwa bibujijwe n'ibihano nibindi.
Uruhare rwa Leta
Leta ifite inshingano rusange zo kwita, kubungabunga no kugenzura ibidukikije, no gufatanya n'izindi Leta mu gufata ibyemezo birwanya ubuhunyanye burenze imipaka. Buri rwego mu nzego za leta, imiryango itegamiye kuri leta n'abantu ku giti cyabo bagomba kubugabunga ibidukikije.
Uruhare rw'ibidukikije mwiterambere ry'ubukungu
57 ku ijana by'Abanyarwanda higajemo abagore bari mubukene bukabije mu mwaka 2009.Gushyira mu bikorwa imigambi y’igihugu n’imigambi mpuzamahanga y’iterambere rirambye n’ ibikorwa byo kugabanya ubukene bisaba ko u Rwanda rushyira ibidukikije n’amahame yumwimerere yo gucunga neza umutungo mu rwego rw’igenenamigambi ry’igihugu ryerekeranye n’iterambere mu bukungu. Ubukungu na bwo bujyana n’ibidukikije mu buryo bwinshi bugaragara. Ibikorwa ngengabukungu byose harimo Kubyaza umusaruro, kuwukoresha no gutaba imyanda bibera mu bidukikije. Ibidukikije n’umutungo kamere ni byo musingi w’ibikorwa byo mu nzego zose.
Ihuzwa ry'ibidukikije n'uburenganzira bwa muntu
Umwuka mwiza uturuka mu bidukikije bisukuye, bikaba ari uburenganzira bwa muntu,guhumeka umwuka mwiza bikaba byaratangajwe n' Akanama Gashinzwe Uburenganzira bwa muntu mu Muryango w’Abibumbye. Uyu mwanzuro utowe hashize imyaka irenga 20, kuko wazanywe ahagana 1990 ariko ibihugu bimwe nabimwe bikanga kuwutora.
Ibigize ibidukikije kamere
thumb|300x300px|Ifoto yerekana imisozi n'amashyamba ( nkibidukikije kamere).
Ibidukikije kamere bivugwako ari ibidukikije karemano, harimo; imisozi, ibishanga, amazi, ubutaka namashyamba kimeza.
Charles-Louis Seck
Charles-Louis Seck (wavutse ku ya 11 Gicurasi 1965) ni umukinnyi ukomoka muri Senegali uri mu kiruhuko  cy'izabukuru wakinnye imikino itandukanye witabiriye metero 100.
Ihuza ryo hanze
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi w'iruka na maguru
Ndew Niang
Ndew Niang (wavutse ku ya 20 Kanama 1954) ni umukinnyi w'umunyasenegali wiruka hagati. Yitabiriye metero 800 mu bagore mu mikino Olempike yo mu 1976. Niwe mugore wa mbere wahagarariye Senegali mu mikino Olempike.
Niang kandi yari umukinnyi w'umupira w'amaguru, kandi yari kapiteni w'ikipe ya Gazelles ya Dakar, ikipe y'abagore iyoboye Senegal. Muri Nzeri 1977, yasinyishijwe n’ikipe yababigize umwuga y’Abafaransa Red Star de Champigny Cœully; iminsi mike mbere yaho, yari yatsindiye umudari wa zahabu metero 1500 mumikino ya Afrika yuburengerazuba yabereye i Lagos.
Reba
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi w'iruka na maguru
Kene Ndoye
Kéné Ndoye (20 Ugushyingo 1978 - Gashyantare 2023) yari umukinnyi wabigize umwuga wo mugihugu cya senegali. Yabaye uwa 14 mu gusimbuka gatatu mu mikino Olempike yo mu 2004 yabereye muri Atenayi, mu Bugereki.
Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe iteganyagihe
Intangiriro
Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe iteganyagihe (Meteo Rwanda) cyatangaje ko mu Rwanda hateganyijwe ibihe by’imvura nyinshi hagati ya tariki 10 n’iya 20 Ugushyingo 2022, ishobora kuzatera kwangirika kw’ibikorwaremezo bitabungabunzwe neza.
Kene Ndoye
Yatsindiye umudari we mbere mu gihugu cya Senegal ubwo yatwaraga umuringa mu gusimbuka gatatu mu marushanwa yo mu nzu yo mu 2003. Yatsindiye kandi muri Shampiyona nyafurika aho yegukanye imidari icumi mu mikino ngororamubiri (Zahabu eshatu, Ifeza eshatu na Bronze enye). Yari afite imidari itatu y’imikino yose yo muri Afurika (imwe ya Zahabu, ibili y'Umuringa) yegukana undi wa Zahabu nk'umukinnyi ukomeye wa Senegali mu 2003. Yari afite buruse hamwe na gahunda ya Solidarite ya Olempike guhera mu Gushyingo 2002. Kéné Ndoye yapfuye ku ya 13 Gashyantare 2023 afite imyaka 44.
Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe iteganyagihe
Imvura
thumb|Izuba igihe rirengera ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe iteganyagihe (Meteo Rwanda), iki kigo kivuga ko imvura nyinshi iteganyijwe mu ntara y’Amajyaruguru, Iburengerazuba n’Amajyepfo ukuyemo agace k’Amayaga. Inateganyijwe kandi mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba n’Umujyi wa Kigali, aho bizaterwa ahanini n’isangano ry’imiyaga ihehereye ituruka mu Nyanja ngari ya Atlantique n’iy’u Buhinde.
Kene Ndoye
Ihuza ryo hanze
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi w'iruka na maguru
Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe iteganyagihe
Ibipimo
ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe iteganyagihe kivugako Iyi mvura nyinshi iteganyijwe iri hagati ya milimetero 80 na 240 mu minsi 10. Meteo Rwanda, yavuze ko imvura nyinshi iteganyijwe izagira ingaruka zirimo; imyuzure hafi y’imigezi n’ibishanga, inkangu ahantu hatarwanyijwe isuri.
Ibinyabiziga
ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe iteganyagihe kivugako imvura Izatera kandi kutareba neza imbere ku batwaye ibinyabiziga, bikaba bishobora guteza impanuka. Hari ingaruka ziterwa n’umuvuduko mwinshi w’imivu y’amazi no kwangirika kw’ibikorwaremezo bitabungabunzwe neza n’ibindi.
Mohammed Lahna
thumb|Mohammed Lahna Mohamed Lahna (wavutse ku ya 11 Werurwe 1982) ni umukinnyi wo gusiganwa ukomoka muri Maroke. Lahna yatsindiye umudali wu muringa muri marushanwa ya bagabo ya PT2 mu mikino Paralympike ya 2016
Amashusho
Mohamed Lahna yavutse adafite nyina umubyara; kubwibyo, ntabwo yashoboye guhangana muri triatholo ye yambere kugeza 2008. Yatangiye ari koga cyane abasha koga hakurya ya Gibaralitari. Yakomeje guhagararira Maroke kugeza mu 2016.
Kuva mu 2017, Lahna yagiye mu marushanwa ya Triathnlo ku Isi nyuma yo gusaba ko hahindurwa abahagarariye kuva muri Maroke bakajya muri Amerika.
Félix Musasa Mwamba
Félix Mwamba Musasa uzwi nka Muamba Musasa (yavutse Ku ya 25 Ugushyingo 1982) ni umukinnyi wa congo ukina umupira w'amaguru uvuka i Lubumbashi muri congo (DRC).
Mohammed Lahna
Umwuga
Lahna yatsindiye umudali wu muringa mu cyiciro cya PT2 mu mikino Paralempike ya 2016 yabereye i Rio, imikino Paralympike ya mbere irimo imikino ya triyatholo. Lahna yatsinze mu isaha 1, iminota 13 n'amasegonda 35, amasegonda 46 imbere y'umukinnyi w’umwongereza Andy Lewis.
African finfoot
thumb iyi nyoni yitiriwe ibirenge bya afrika iboneka mu muryango wa Helionithidae
Mohammed Lahna
Isesengura
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Maroke
Félix Musasa Mwamba
Guhitamo
Yitabiriye igikombe cya Afurika muri 2002 ndetse n’igikombe cy’Afurika cyo muri 2004 hamwe n’ikipe ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo.
Umwuga
Yabanje gukinira Orlando Pirates, TP Mazembe na Roan United yo muri Zambiya.
Musasa yabuze byinshi muri shampiyona ya mbere na Black Aces, agaruka muri Premier Soccer League nyuma yo guhagarikwa imikino umunani ashinjwa imyitwarire idahwitse ndetse no gukubita, nyuma yu mukino yavunitse ukuguru kwa mukeba we Oupa Ngulube mu gihe cy'umukino wo kwishyura wa Carara Kicks. Ku ya 24 Gicurasi 2009.
Azwiho kwambara uturindantoki twera mugihe cy'imikino.
African finfoot
ubu bwoko bukunda gutura mu bishanga no munzuzi n'ibiyaga byo muri
Gukingira amatungo yo murugo
Gukingira inyamaswa ni gukingira urugo, amatungo cyangwa inyamaswa zo mu gasozi. Imyitozo ijyanye nubuvuzi bwamatungo. Urukingo rwa mbere rw’inyamanswa rwavumbuwe ni urwa kolera y’inkoko mu 1879 na Louis Pasteur. Umusaruro w'inkingo uhura n’ibibazo bijyanye n’ubukungu bw’abantu ku giti cyabo, guverinoma n’amasosiyete. Amabwiriza yo gukingira inyamaswa ni make ugereranije n’amabwiriza yo gukingira abantu.
Inkingo zashyizwe mu nkingo zisanzwe n'iz'igihe kizaza. [5] Inkingo z’inyamaswa byagaragaye ko aribwo buryo buhenze kandi burambye bwo kurwanya indwara z’amatungo yanduye. Muri 2017, inganda z’inkingo z’amatungo zahawe agaciro ka miliyari 7 z’amadolari y’Amerika kandi biteganijwe ko zizagera kuri miliyari 9 z'amadolari ya Amerika mu 2024. thumb|Urukingo rw’inkoko thumb|Urukingo rw’uburenge
Amateka
Urukingo
Inyamaswa zabaye izakira ninkomoko yinkingo. Binyuze mu gupima laboratoire, urukingo rwa mbere rw’inyamaswa rwakozwe ni urwa kolera y’inkoko mu 1879 na Louis Pasteur. Pasteur yahimbye kandi urukingo rwa anthrax ku ntama n'inka mu 1881, n'urukingo rw'ibisazi mu 1884. [8] Inkende n'inkwavu byakoreshwaga mu gukura no kwanduza virusi y'ibisazi. Guhera mu 1881, ibikoresho by'umugongo byumye bivuye ku nkwavu zanduye byahawe imbwa kugira ngo zibakingire ibisazi. Umubiri wanduye wanduye wumye kugirango virusi igabanuke.
Nyuma yaho, mu 1885, urukingo rwahawe umuhungu w’imyaka 9 wanduye indwara y’ibisazi, Joseph Meister, warokotse igihe nta muntu n'umwe wari ufite mbere.
Ishuri rikuru ry’ubuvuzi ry’Abafaransa ndetse n’isi babonye ko iki gikorwa ari intambwe, bityo abahanga benshi batangira gufatanya no guteza imbere umurimo wa Pasteur.
Uburyo butaziguye bwo gukingira inyamaswa bugaragara binyuze mu bicurane. Ni ukubera ko urukingo rwahawe abantu rwashingiye ku nyamaswa. Indwara y'ibicurane yari indwara yica izwi cyane kubera guhubuka no gupfa cyane kwa 30% iyo byanduye.
Binyuze mu bikorwa byo kurandura umuryango w’ubuzima ku isi, byibuze 80% by’abantu bakingiwe muri buri gihugu.
Red knobbed coot
thumb Red knobbed coot ni imwe mubagize umuryango w'inyoni za crake na Rallidae.
Gukingira amatungo yo murugo
Amateka
Nyuma yaho, hakoreshejwe ubushakashatsi hanyuma hakingirwa urukingo rw'impeta, bituma ibicurane biba burundu indwara ya mbere binyuze mu gukingirwa mu 1980.
Ibibazo
Ibibazo nyamukuru bijyanye no gukingira inyamaswa ni ukubona no kuboneka. Inkingo nizo ngamba zihenze cyane mu gukumira indwara mu baturage b’amatungo, nubwo ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza inkingo ku baturage bahejejwe inyuma bikiri ikibazo.
African finfoot
africa y'iburengerazuba hagati no mumajyepho.
Gukingira amatungo yo murugo
Kuboneka
Indwara zaranzwe nindwara zitera igihombo cyubukungu, indwara zigenzurwa na leta, nindwara zititaweho, ibyo byose bifitanye isano no kuboneka. Icyiciro cy'igihombo cy'ubukungu gikubiyemo inkingo zikenewe mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere ubusanzwe bikozwe n'abikorera ku giti cyabo bidafite inyungu nkeya, ibyo bigo bisaba inkunga y'abaturage kugira ngo bikomeze gutanga umusaruro. Mu gihe, indwara zigenzurwa na leta zigenzurwa na politiki ya leta, ikibazo nyamukuru hano ni niba urukingo ruhenze bityo ntiruboneka ku bahinzi bakennye.
Red knobbed coot
no mu mazi meza, yubaka icyari mu rubingo hafi y'inkombe yamazi
African finfoot
African finfoot ni inzobere mu mazi, ifite ijosi rirerire, umunwa utyaye
Gukingira amatungo yo murugo
Kuboneka
Byongeye kandi, hari indwara zimwe na zimwe z’inyamaswa zirengagijwe kuko ahanini zigira ingaruka ku baturage bakennye gusa, bityo ntizabyara inyungu. Ni ukubera ko abaproducer bibanda kumasoko manini mbere kugirango barebe inyungu zabo mubushoramari (ROI).
African finfoot
kandi utangaje, ikagira ibirenge bitukura ingabo iba yijimye cyane
Red knobbed coot
cyangwa bireremba hejuru y'amazi itera amagi agera kuri 7 cyangwa se
akarenga mubihe byiza.
Gukingira amatungo yo murugo
Kuboneka
Kurugero, impamvu ituma imbwa yanduza ibisazi bifata igihe cyo kurandura ni ukubera ko bigira ingaruka gusa mubihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, bityo ntibishobora kubyazwa umusaruro munini kandi byunguka.
Ibindi bibazo
Ibindi bibazo bimwe birimo ariko ntibigarukira gusa: inzitizi zubukungu, inzitizi za politiki, inzitizi za tekiniki na siyansi, inzitizi zigenga amategeko, inzitizi zikoreshwa mu murima, n’imbogamizi z’imibereho n’imyumvire.
Ibisubizo bishoboka
Hariho ibisubizo bishoboka mubijyanye nibibazo biri murwego rwo gukingira inyamaswa. Harimo udushya haba mubumenyi ndetse no kugenzura. Hasabwe ko amabwiriza ahuza uturere kandi inkingo zose z’inyamaswa zishobora kugereranywa hamwe na RNA cyangwa umugongo wa ADN. Byagaragaye ko hagomba kubaho ubwumvikane bwiza hagati yubuyobozi, amasomo ninganda Bimwe mubindi bisubizo birimo: gahunda yo gukingira ibisazi byubusa, inkunga nkuko bikenewe, gushiraho ubufatanye mu turere twose (cyane cyane mubijyanye na banki zinkingo), kugabanuka kwimisoro ya leta, gutanga uburyo bwiza bwo kwandika indwara, no kubaka ubufatanye hagati yinganda n’isi yose.
Ubuzima bwabantu
Umusaruro w’inkingo ku nyamaswa n’abantu wahoranye isano, iyi mibanire yahimbwe 'Ubuzima bumwe', kuko byibuze 61% by’indwara zose zitera abantu zikomoka ku nyamaswa. Ingero ebyiri zingenzi ziyi link ni urukingo ninkingo zindwara. Kenshi na kenshi gukingiza inyamaswa ntabwo ari ingenzi kubuzima bwinyamaswa gusa ahubwo no mubuzima bwabantu no gutera imbere. Ijambo indwara ya zoonotic risobanura indwara ishobora kwimurwa mu nyamaswa ikajya ku bantu.
Félix Musasa Mwamba
Notes et références
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo
Gukingira amatungo yo murugo
Indwara
ibisazi thumb|Imbwa ifite ibisazi
Urugero rwubu kandi rugaragara rwindwara zoonotic ni ibisazi. Ikwirakwizwa mu nyamaswa ikagera ku bantu no ku yandi matungo binyuze mu macandwe, kurumwa no gushushanya. Inyamaswa zo mu rugo ndetse n’ishyamba zirashobora gufata indwara yibisazi. Buri mwaka abantu barenga 59.000 bapfa bazize iyo ndwara, aho 99% byanduye kubera kurumwa n'imbwa. Habayeho ibibazo bitageze kuri 20 byanditse byerekana ko ibisazi byabayeho bitavuwe kugeza ubu. Umubare munini w'abantu bapfa bapfa muri Afurika no muri Aziya, bitewe n'ubuvuzi buke.
Urukingo rw’ibisazi rushobora gutangwa mbere cyangwa nyuma yo kwandura, bitewe nigihe kirekire cyo kwandura indwara.
Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) ryashyizeho ubukangurambaga bwa 'Zeru kuri 30', kugira ngo rigabanye umubare w'abantu bapfa bazize indwara y’imbwa kugeza kuri 2030.
Ubuzima bumwe
Mu myaka icumi ishize, 75% by'indwara zandura mu bantu zari zikomoka ku nyamaswa. Rero, igitekerezo cyahimbye 'Ubuzima bumwe' cyaremewe, aho ubuzima bwabantu n’inyamaswa bugaragara nk’ingirakamaro kimwe. Urugero rw'urukingo rwa 'One Health', aho rushobora gukwirakwizwa ku bantu no ku nyamaswa, kuri ubu ruri mu bigeragezo bivura ni Rift Valley Fever. Umwarimu wungirije Warimwe wo muri kaminuza ya Oxford avuga ko ubu buryo bwihutisha igishushanyo mbonera n'iterambere ry'urukingo, kandi bikanatwara igihe n'amafaranga.
Kugena inkingo zinyamaswa ugereranije ninkingo zabantu
Iterambere ryinkingo zinyamanswa rifite ibisabwa bike ugereranije ninkingo zabantu. Ibi byatumye igihe gito n'amafaranga bigira uruhare mugushinga no gukora inkingo zinyamaswa. Gahunda yo guteza imbere urukingo rwabantu muri rusange ifata imyaka 10 kugeza kuri 15, mugihe gahunda yo gukingira inyamaswa itwara impuzandengo yimyaka 5 kugeza kuri 7 kugirango itange. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, ubushobozi bwo gushyira imbere intego zishobora gukingirwa no gukoresha ubushakashatsi mu gupima umutekano ni bike mu musaruro w’inkingo z’amatungo ugereranije n’inkingo z’abantu.
Gushyira imbere inkingo zishobora kuba
Amatungo yakuze ku buryo bwihuse uko ibihe bigenda bisimburana kuko ba nyir'ubwite bahangayikishijwe n'ubuzima bw'inyamaswa bagenzi babo. Bitandukanye ninkingo z’amatungo zororerwa muri rusange zikorwa gusa iyo hari indwara ya zoonotic cyangwa yagize ingaruka zikomeye mubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Aho kubyara kubwimpamvu yonyine yo kwita ku nyamaswa nko mu matungo, amatungo yororerwa arakingirwa kubera umutekano w’abantu n’ubukungu.
Ibi bihuza neza na farumasi (gukurikirana ingaruka zibiyobyabwenge byemewe). Ububikoshingiro bunini ni Ubuvuzi bw'amatungo (VMD) mu Bwongereza. Nubwo, umubare munini wavuzwe wari mubijyanye ninyamaswa ziherekeza.
Nta bipimo ngenderwaho bisanzwe byo kugereranya umutwaro w’indwara z’inyamaswa ku isi, nta buryo busanzwe bwo kugena igiciro cy’urukingo runaka rw’inyamaswa, kandi nta mbibi zikoreshwa muri rusange. Rero, birashobora kugorana gushyira imbere iterambere ryinkingo zinyamaswa.
Umusaruro w'inkingo
Inkingo zisanzwe
Inkingo nyamukuru zisanzwe ni Live-yitiriwe kandi idakora. Inkingo zibaho neza zikoresha uburyo bwa virusi cyangwa bagiteri zitera indwara. Ubu buryo bwo gukingira ni bwo bwegereye ubwandu nyirizina, bityo bikaba byagaragaye ko bugira ingaruka zikomeye kurusha ubundi bwoko bw'inkingo zisanzwe. [26] Nubwo, hari ibibazo byumutekano bijyanye ninkingo zifatika. Harashobora kubaho ibisubizo bitateganijwe niba ikindi kintu kitari ubwoko bwibigenewe gifata urukingo, kandi harigihe wasangaga ibi ubwoko bw'inkingo butera ibyiza mu gihe inyamaswa zapimwe bityo zigakuraho igihugu cy’indwara zidafite ubwisanzure (nkuko byagaragaye binyuze mu ndwara zo mu birenge no mu kanwa, FMD). [6] Byongeye kandi, inkingo zidakozwe zigizwe na bagiteri zo mu bwoko bumwe cyangwa bwinshi bwa bagiteri, cyangwa zishe virusi. Kudakora bibaho binyuze mubuvuzi bwa chimique cyangwa physique bwerekana proteine cyangwa byangiza aside nucleic. Ubu bwoko bw'inkingo burahagaze neza kandi buhenze kuruta inkingo zanduye, nubwo zidatanga uburyo bwiza bwo kurinda igihe kirekire kuko virusi idashobora kwigana.
Inkingo zizakurikiraho
Isesengura rusange ryatewe na virusi no kurushaho gusobanukirwa nuburyo bwa virusi itera virusi byatumye havumburwa antigene ndetse n’inkingo z’amatungo ya recombinant. Kugeza ubu genome ya virusi ikurikirana, genes zitera indwara ziramenyekana, ingirabuzima fatizo zirakoronizwa, hubatswe recombinant, hanyuma hakorwa bumwe mu bwoko butatu bw'inkingo (inkingo za ADN, inkingo za Subunit, inkingo za Vectored). Urukingo rwa ADN rutera umusaruro wa antigen mubakira. Ni plasmid irimo virusi, bagiteri cyangwa parasite. Ubudahangarwa bw'inyamaswa bumenya poroteyine yagaragajwe nk'amahanga, kandi ibyo birashobora gutuma umuntu agira selile cyangwa humeral. Urukingo rwa ADN rwatsinze impungenge z'umutekano w'inkingo zuzuye. Byongeye kandi, inkingo za subunit ni ngufi, virusi zidasanzwe zidashobora kwigana. Nubwo uru rukingo rwitwa ko rufite umutekano, ntirwigana bityo ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ibibazo bijyanye numusaruro. Inkingo zatoranijwe ni urundi rukingo ruzakurikiraho. Ubu bwoko bwinkingo bukoresha vector kugirango itange proteine imwe cyangwa nyinshi muri sisitemu yumubiri yinyamaswa. Kugeza ubu, hari ubushakashatsi burimo gukorwa ku nkingo z’ibimera, biza mu cyiciro cy’inkingo za vector.
Indangamurongo
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_vaccination
Rene Makondele
René Muzola Makondele (yavutse Ku ya 20 Mata 1982 i Kinshasa) Ni umukinnyi ukina umupira w'amaguru ari mpuzamahanga ukomoka muri congo,. Akina nk'umukinnyi wo hagati mu ikipe ya Suwede Sandvikens NIBA.
Ibihembo
René Makondele yatsindiye shampiyona ya Suwede hamwe na Djurgårdens NIBA muri 2002 na 2003. Niwe kandi wegukanye igikombe cya Suwede mu 2002 na 2016.
amahuza yo hanze
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo
Jean-Marc Makusu Mundele
Jean-Marc Mundele Makusu, (Yavutse Ku ya 27 Werurwe 1992 i Kinshasa) ni umukinnyi ukina umupira w'amaguru ari mpuzamahanga ukomoka muri congo. Yakinnye nka rutahizamu hamwe n'itsinda rya Orlando Pirates muri Afrika yepfo muri 2019. Kuri ubu akinira AS Vita Club yi Kinshasa.
Ubuzima
Yatangiye umwuga we muri Ceforbel Club, nanone yitwa Bel'Or Training Center yi Kinshasa, iyobowe na Perezida Lolo Mosango Ebisa wabashije kwitoza no kuzamura umukinnyi.
Muri Mutarama 2014, yinjiye mu Burayi no mu ikipe y'Ububiligi ya Standard de Liège. Nyuma yaje gutizwa mu ikipe ya Ujpest FC yo muri Hongiriya, aho atigeze akina umukino n'ikipe ya mbere.
Jean-Marc Mundele Makusu yitabira Shampiyona y’ibihugu by’Afurika muri 2014 hamwe n’ikipe ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Yakinnye imikino 3 atsinda ibitego 2 muri iri rushanwa.
Jean-Marc Makusu Mundele niwe mukinnyi ukina hagati wa V.club wari uhari, hamwe na mugenzi we Glody Ngonda hamwe n’umunyekongo Bobo Ungenda, mu ikipe isanzwe y’amarushanwa hagati ya CAF (C1 na C2) muri 2018. Kuri ubu ari muri FC Saint Eloi Lupopo
amahuza yo hanze
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo
Ibiciro mu Rwanda
thumb|Ibicuruzwa Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare mu Rwanda (NISR), cyatangaje ko ibiciro ku masoko byiyongereyeho 20,7% muri Mutarama 2023, ugereranyije na Mutarama 2022. Ni ibiciro byakusanyijwe mu mijyi, ari nabyo bikoreshwa mu iteganyamibare ry’ubukungu mu Rwanda.
Iyi mibare yazamutse ku ijanisha ridakabije, ugereranyije n’uko mu Ukuboza 2022 byiyongereyeho 21,6%.
NISR yakomeje igira iti "Mu kwezi kwa Mutarama 2023, ibiciro byiyongereye bitewe ahanini n’ibiciro by’ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa bidasembuye byiyongereyeho 41%, ibiciro by’inzu, amazi, amashanyarazi, gaz n’ibindi bicanwa byiyongereyeho 8,3%, n’ibiciro by’ibijyanye n’ubwikorezi byiyongereyeho 12,6%."
Ni ibiciro byazamutse cyane bitewe n’ingaruka zifitanye isano n’izahuka ry’ubukungu nyuma y’icyorezo cya COVID-19, n’ingaruka zishamikiye ku ntambara y’u Burusiya na Ukraine.
Ibyo bikiyongeraho umusaruro w’ubuhinzi utarakunze kuba mwiza, kubera imihindagurikire y’ibihe.
NISR yakomeje iti "Iyo ugereranyije Mutarama 2023 na Mutarama 2022, usanga ibiciro by’ibintu bitarimo ibiribwa n’ibikomoka ku ngufu byariyongereyeho 15,2%."
Urebye mu byaro, muri Mutarama 2023 ibiciro byiyongereyeho 38,8% ugereranyije na Mutarama 2022. Ibiciro mu Ukuboza 2022 byari byiyongereyeho 39,2%.
Bimwe mu byatumye ibiciro byiyongera muri Mutarama 2023, ni ibiciro by’ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa bidasembuye byiyongereyeho 64,8% n’ibiciro by’inzu, amazi, n’amashanyarazi, gazi n’ibindi bicanwa byiyongereyeho 15%.
Iyo ugereranyije Mutarama 2023 n’Ukuboza 2022 ibiciro byiyongereyeho 2,6%.
Minisitiri w’Imari n’Igenamigambi Dr Uzziel Ndagijimana aheruka gutanga icyizere ko ibiciro ku masoko mu Rwanda byatangiye kumanuka, bitandukanye n’umwaka ushize warangiye bizamutseho 13,9%.
Yabigarutseho ku wa Gatatu ubwo yagezaga ku Nteko Ishinga Amategeko, umushinga w’ivururwa ry’ingengo y’imari, yongereweho miliyari 106,4 Frw ikagera kuri miliyari 4764,8 Frw.
Minisitiri Ndagijimana yagarutse ku biciro ku masoko byazamutse ku gipimo cya 21,6% mu Ukuboza 2022 ugereranyije na 21,7% mu Ugushyingo 2022.
Ni ibibazo byakomeje n’ingaruka za COVID-19 n’ingaruka z’intambara y’u Burusiya na Ukraine, bihurirana n’uko urwego rw’ubuhinzi rwagize umusaruro muke bitewe n’igihembwe cy’ihinga cya 2022A kitagenze neza, kubera ibura ry’imvura mu bice bimwe bw’igihugu.
Dr Ndagijimana yagize ati "Impuzandengo y’izamuka ry’ibiciro ku masoko hagati ya Mutarama - Ukuboza 2022 yageze ku gipimo cya 13,9%, icyakora ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko ibiciro bitangiye kugabanuka ku masoko yacu byatangiye kugaragara guhera mu mpera za 2022."
"Ibicuruzwa bimwe nk’umuceri, ibishyimbo, inyanya, amavuta yo guteka, byatangiye kumanuka. Twizeye ko iki gihembwe cy’ihinga cya 2023A na cyo kizagira uruhare mu kugabanya ibiciro ku masoko, by’ibiribwa."
Igipimo fatizo cy’izamuka ry’ibiciro mu Rwanda kibarirwa kuri 5%, naho icyo hejuru cyane ni 8%.
Intangiriro z’uyu mwaka zitandukanye n’iz’umwaka ushize, kuko na mbere y’uko intambara yo muri Ukraine itangira, byagaragaraga ko ibiciro bizamuka cyane.
Byatumye Inama ngarukagihembwe ya Komite ya Politiki y’Ifaranga yateranye ku wa 15 Gashyantare 2022, itangaza ko isesengura ryerekanye ko ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa fatizo birimo kuzamuka cyane ku masoko mpuzamahanga, bitewe n’izahuka ry’ubukungu ku Isi.
Byatumye Banki Nkuru z’ibihugu zitekereza gukaza ingamba za politiki y’ifaranga mu rwego rwo gukumira izamuka rikabije ry’ibiciro rusange ku isoko.
Yemeje ko mu mu Rwanda hateganyijwe ko igipimo mpuzandengo cy’ihindagurika ry’ibiciro ku isoko, kizaba hejuru y’igipimo fatizo cya 5% Banki Nkuru igenderaho ndetse kikaba cyajya hejuru y’urubibi ntarengwa rwa 8% mu mpera z’umwaka.
Byatumye BNR itangaza ko inyungu yayo yari isanzwe iri kuri 4.5% yazamutse igera kuri 5%, bitewe n’igipimo mpuzandengo cy’ihindagurika ry’ibiciro ku isoko.
Kuri ubu igipimo fatizo cyayo kigeze kuri 6.5%. Ni ibyemezo biba bishishikariza abantu kuzigama amnafaranga aho kuyasohora, kuko ari byo bituma ibiciro bizamuka.
Ni ibyemezo kandi byakomeje kugenda byunganirwa n’ingamba zirimo gutanga Nkunganire ku bintu by’ingenzi nk’ibikomoka kuri peteroli byari bihenze cyane, ndetse n’inyongeramusaruro.
Ibiciro by’ibikomoka kuri peteroli mu Rwanda biheruka kumanuka. thumb|Ibiciro byiyongereyeho 20.7% Ku wa 31 Mutarama 2023, Urwengo Ngenzuramikorere rwatangaje ko mu mezi abiri ari imbere, lisansi iva ku 1580 Frw kuri litiro, igashyirwa ku 1544 naho mazutu litiro iva ku 1587 Frw, ishyirwa kuri 1,562 Frw.
Indangamurongo
https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukungu/article/ibiciro-ku-isoko-mu-rwanda-byiyongereyeho-20-7
Félix Mwamba
Félix Mwamba Musasa uzwi nka Muamba Musasa (yavutse Ku ya 25 Ugushyingo 1982) ni umukinnyi wa congo ukina umupira w'amaguru uvuka i Lubumbashi muri congo (DRC).
Guhitamo
Yitabiriye igikombe cya Afurika muri 2002 ndetse n’igikombe cy’Afurika cyo muri 2004 hamwe n’ikipe ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo.
Umwuga
Yabanje gukinira Orlando Pirates, TP Mazembe na Roan United yo muri Zambiya.
Azwiho kwambara uturindantoki twera mugihe cy'imikino.
Notes et références
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo
Félix Musasa
Félix Mwamba Musasa uzwi nka Muamba Musasa (yavutse Ku ya 25 Ugushyingo 1982) ni umukinnyi wa congo ukina umupira w'amaguru uvuka i Lubumbashi muri congo (DRC).
Guhitamo
Yitabiriye igikombe cya Afurika muri 2002 ndetse n’igikombe cy’Afurika cyo muri 2004 hamwe n’ikipe ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo.
Umwuga
Azwiho kwambara uturindantoki twera mugihe cy'imikino.
Notes et références
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo
Ibangamirwa umusaruro atangwa n’amashyamba
thumb|Kubungabunga amashyamba
Intangiriro
thumb|284x284px|gutema Amashyamba N’ubwo urwego rw’amashyamba rutanga amahirwe menshi mu birebana n’imizamukire y’ubukungu bw’igihugu, rufite zimwe mu ngorane zikwiriye gukemurwa kugira ngo u Rwanda rushobore kwifashisha ayo mahirwe. Ibangamirwa ry’ibanze ry’amashyamba ni cyane cyane ibibazo bijyanye n’imitegekere, urwego rw’amategeko rudahwitse n’ingufu nyinshi cyane zisabwa n’ubwiyongere bw’abaturage bigatuma gusatira no gutema amashyamba kubera imiturire, ubuhinzi n’inzuri.
Ingamba
Irindi bangamirwa ry’amashyamba ryamenyekanye mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe: hagati ya 1996 na 2003, inkongi z’umuriro mu mashyamba zangije ahantu hahwanye na 12.800 ha, cyangwa hafi 13 ku ijana by’ubuso rusange bw’iryo shyamba (ORTPN 2005). Inkongi z’umuriro zivugwa nanone kenshi muri Pariki y’Igihugu y’Akagera mu mpeshyi.
Ibindi
N’ubwo urwego rw’amashyamba rutanga amahirwe menshi mu birebana n’imizamukire y’ubukungu bw’igihugu, rufite zimwe mu ngorane zikwiriye gukemurwa kugira ngo u Rwanda rushobore kwifashisha ayo mahirwe. Ibangamirwa ry’ibanze ry’amashyamba ni cyane cyane ibibazo bijyanye n’imitegekere, urwego rw’amategeko rudahwitse n’ingufu nyinshi cyane zisabwa n’ubwiyongere bw’abaturage bigatuma gusatira no gutema amashyamba kubera imiturire, ubuhinzi n’inzuri.
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Ibidukikije Ikiciro:Ibiti Ikiciro:Amashyamba
Ubushobozi rw’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima
thumb|Ibinyabuzima
Intangiriro
thumb|Urusobe U Rwanda rufite urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ku bwinshi; ni ngombwa rero ko hashyirwaho amateko ihamye yo kurwitaho, harimo n’amategeko y’imikoreshereze y’umutungo w’umwimerere, bitari ukwihuza n’ibisabwa n’amahanga gusa, ahubwo kubera y’uko urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ari umusingi w’ibitunga Abanyarwanda kandi rutanga amahirwe y’iterambere mu bukungu.
Uko kurinda urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima
thumb|Murusobe Uru rusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ruhanitse rurindiwe cyane cyane mu turere dukumiwe (za pariki z’igihugu 3, amashyamba cyimeza, ahantu hahehereye). Utu turere tugize hafi 10 ku ijana by’igihugu mu gihe ahasigaye hatuwe cyane. Bitewe n’ubucucike bw’abaturage burusha ahandi muri Afurika hakiyongeraho kubogamira ku buhinzi, ingorane z’ibanze ku rusobe rw’ibinyabuzima no ku murungo w’umwmimerere mu Rwanda zijyanye cyane cyane n’imbaraga nyishi cyane zisabwa n’ubwiyongere bw’abaturage n’ikibazo cyibura ry’ubutaka. Izindi ngorane urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ruhura na zo zikomo ku bikorwa bya muntu nko gutakaza ahantu hatuwe bitewe n’imindagurikire y’imiturire, ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, ubuhinzi no kuzana amoko y’ibintu by’ahandi.
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Ibidukikije Ikiciro:Ibiti Ikiciro:Ikirere