cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Ubutayu bwa sahara
Abanya Teneri
Gobero yavumbuwe mu 2000 mu rugendo rw’ubucukuzi rwari ruyobowe na Paul Sereno, washakaga ibisigazwa bya dinozore. Imico ibiri itandukanye yabayeho mbere yamateka yavumbuwe aho hantu: umuco wa mbere wa Holocene Kiffian, n'umuco wo hagati wa Holocene Tenerian. Kiffians bari abantu babanjirije amateka babanjirije abanya Teneriya baza kuzimira hashize imyaka 8000, ubwo ubutayu bwashyuhaga cyane. Kuzimira byarakomeje kugeza mu 4600 mbere ya Yesu, ubwo ibihangano bya mbere bifitanye isano na Teneriya byandikwaga. I Gobero havumbuwe ibigazwa byabantu bagera kuri 200. Abanya Teneriya bari bagufi cyane kandi ntambaraga ugereranyije nabaKiffian. Isesengura rya Craniometric ryerekana kandi ko bari batandukanye. Imva zerekana ko Abanya Teneriya bubahirije imigenzo yo mu mwuka, kuko bashyinguwe hamwe n'ibikoresho nk'imitako ikozwe mu mitsi yimvubu n'amasafuriya y'ibumba. Ikintu gitangaje cyane ni ugushyingurwa kwabantu batatu bahoberana mumva imwe, byabaye mu myaka 5300 ishize, byumugore ukuze n’abana babiri, bagereranijwe ko bari bafite imyaka itanu n umunani. Ibisigazwa byabo byerekana ko batwikiwe ku buriri bwindabyo. Bose uko ari batatu bavugwa ko bapfuye mu masaha 24 buri wese, ariko kubera ko ibisigazwa byabo bidafite ihahamuka rigaragara (ntabwo bashinyaguriwe bikabije) kandi bashyinguwe ku buryo bwiza icyabateye gupfa kiracyari amayobera.
Tashwinat Mummy
Uan Muhuggiag bigaragara ko hatigeze haturwa kuva byibuze mu kinyagihumbi cya 6 kugeza mu 2700 mbere ya Yezu, nubwo wenda hanyuzagano hagaturwa. ikintu cy'agaciro dusanga muri UAN Muhuggiag ni umubyeyi wabitse neza umwana w'umuhungu uri mukigero cy'imyaka 2 nigice. Umwana yari aryamye nkuko uruhinja ruba rumeze munda, ari mumufuka wakozwe muruhu rwimparage, uriho n'amababi. Bimwe mu bice byumubiri we byavanyweho, nkuko bigaragazwa ninkovu zo mu nda no mugatuza, hanyuma hashyirwaho imiti igabanya ubukana kugira ngo umubiri we utangirika. Urunigi rw'amagi ya ostrich narwo rwabonetse mu ijosi rye. Radiocarubone yagaragaje ko uwo mugore yari afite hafi imyaka 5600, ibyo bigatuma irusha imyaka 1000 umugore wari warabayeho imyaka myinshi muri Egiputa ya kera. Mu 1958–59, ubushakashatsi bw’ibyataburuwe byuwo mwana mu matongo buyobowe na Antonio Ascenzi bwakoze isesengura rya antropropologique, radiologue, amateka n'ubutabire kuri mummy Uan Muhuggiag bwemeje ko yari umwana w'amezi 30 nigitsina kitazwi, yari afite imiterere ya Negroid. Ibipimo byafashwe ku inda ye byerekanaga kandi ko umubiri we wabanje gutwarwa na evisceration hanyuma nyuma ugahinduka umwanda. Undi muntu mukuru, basanze kuri Uan Muhuggiag, yari yarahambwe yunamye. Ariko, umubiri ntiwerekanye ibimenyetso bya evisceration cyangwa ubundi buryo ubwo aribwo bwose bwo kuwubungabunga. Umurambo bagereranije ko ushobora kuba aruwo muri 7500 BP.
Nubians
Mu gihe cya Neolithic, mbere yuko ubutayu butangira ahagana mu 9500 mbere ya Yesu, Sudani yo hagati yari ifite ibidukikije byinshi byafashaga baturage benshi ariko ubu hose hahindutse ubutayu. Mu kinyagihumbi cya 5 mbere ya Yezu, abantu bari batuye ahahoze hitwa Nubia, nibo bakoze "impinduramatwara mu buhinzi", bari babanye neza n'ibimera n'amatungo yo mu rugo. Ubugeni bw’inka n’abashumba bo muri sahara isobanura imihango nimizizririzo y' inka dusanga muri iki gihe muri Sudani ndetse n’indi miryango y’aborozi muri Afurika. Megaliths iboneka muri Nabta Playa ifatwa nkurugero rwerekana ibikoresho bya mbere bizwi ku isi bya kera, byahanuye Stonehenge imyaka igera ku 2000. Ibi biragoye kubyumva, nkuko byagaragaye kuri Nabta Playa, kandi nkuko byagaragajwe n'inzego zinyuranye z'ubuyobozi muri sosiyete yaho, birashoboka ko ari byo byashingiweho ku miterere y'umuryango wa Neolithic i Nabta ndetse n'Ubwami bwa kera bwa Misiri.
Abanyamisiri
Ahagana mu 6000 mbere ya Yezu, Abanyamisiri bo mumajyepfo y'uburengerazuba bwa Egiputa baragiraga inka kandi bakubaka inyubako nini. Imiturire iri kumurongo kandi idahindagurika yo mu Misiri ahagana mbere yikinyejana cya 6 mbere ya Yesu yibandaga ahanini kubuhinzi bwibinyampeke nubworozi bw'amatungo: inka, ihene, ingurube nintama. Ibintu bikozwe mubyuma byasimbuye ibyari byarakozwe mamabuye. Muri icyo gihe gutunganya impu zinyamaswa, ububumbyi no kuboha nabyo byarakorwaga cyane. Ibimenyetso byerekana akazi ka Al Fayyum mugihe kirekire cyangwa gusa byigihe gito mumwaka wa 6 mbere ya Yezu, hamwe nibikorwa byibiribwa byibanda kuburobyi, guhiga no gukusanya ibiryo. Imyambi yamabuye, ibyuma nibisakuzo kuva mubihe bikunze kuboneka. Mubikozwe mwibumba bakoraga inkono, imitako,ibikoresho by'ubuhinzi nibyo guhiga, batekaga n’ibiribwa bitandukanye birimo inyama zumishijwe n'imbuto. Gushyingura mubutayu byongera imihango y'Abanyamisiri, kandi abapfuye bashyingurwaga bareba iburengerazuba.
Abanyafenisiya
Abaturage ba Fenisiya, bateye imbere kuva mu 1200-800 mbere ya Yesu, bashinze ihuriro ry'ubwami muri Sahara yose kugera mu Misiri. Muri rusange bari batuye ku nkombe za Mediterane, ndetse na Sahara, mu baturage ba Libiya ya kera, bakaba ari abasekuruza b'abantu bavuga indimi za Berber muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru na Sahara muri iki gihe, harimo na Tuareg yo muri Sahara rwagati.
Inyuguti z'Abanyafoyinike zisa n'izakiriwe n'Abanyalibiya ba kera bo muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru, kandi Tifinagh iracyakoreshwa muri iki gihe n'abashumba b'ingamiya ba Tuareg bavuga ururimi rwa Berber bo muri Sahara rwagati.
Igihe kimwe hagati ya 633 na 530 mbere ya Yezu, Hanno Navigator yashinze cyangwa ashimangira ubukoloni bwa Fenisiya mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara, ariko ibisigazwa bya kera byose byarazimanganye nta kimenyetso na kimwe gisigaye.
Iterambere mumijyi
Iterambere mu mujyi, Garamantes, ryatangiye ahagana mu mwaka wa 500 mnere ya Yezu muri Sahara rwagati, mu kibaya cyitwa Wadi al-Ajal i Fezzan, muri Libiya. Garamantes yageze kuri iryo terambere mu gucukura imiringoti kure cyane yimisozi ihanamye kugirango ikure amazi mu kibaya hanyuma uyizane mumirima yabo. Garamantes yarakuze cyane kandi irakomera, yigarurira abaturanyi bayo kandi ifata abacakara besnhi (bashyizwe mubikorwa byo kwagura imiyoboro). Abagereki ba kera n'Abaroma bari bazi abanyagaramantes kandi bakabafata nk'abimukira badafite umuco. Icyakora, bakoranaga ubucuruzi nabo, kandi mu murwa mukuru wa Garamantes wa Garama habonetse ubwogero bw'Abaroma. Abacukumbuzi b'ibya kera basanze imijyi umunani minini hamwe n'indi midugudu myinshi ikomeye mu karere ka Garamantes. Iterambere rya Garamantes ryaje gusenyuka nyuma yo gutakaza amazi aboneka muri aquifers ntibaba bagishoboye gukomeza kwagura iyo miyoboro kugera ku misozi.
Hagati y'ikinyejana cya mbere mbere ya Yesu n'ikinyejana cya kane nyuma ya Yesu, ingendo nyinshi z'Abaroma muri Sahara zakozwe n'itsinda ry'imitwe ya gisirikare n'ubucuruzi y'Abaroma.
Berber
Abaturage ba Berber bigaruriye igice kinini cya Sahara. Garamantes Berbers yubatse ingoma ikize rwagati mu butayu. Aborozi babaTuareg bakomeje gutura no kwambukiranya ubuso bunini bwa Sahara kugeza nubu.
Kwaguka kwa isilamu nicyarabu
Ingoma ya Byzantine yategekaga inkombe zo mu majyaruguru ya Sahara kuva mu kinyejana cya 5 kugeza mu cya 7. Nyuma yuko abayisilamu bigaruriye Arabiya, cyane cyane mu gice cy’Abarabu, banigaruriye Afurika y’Amajyaruguru kuva hagati mu kinyejana cya 7 kugeza mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 8 kandi imbaraga za kisilamu zagutse vuba muri Sahara. Mu mpera za 641 Misiri yose yari mu maboko y’abayisilamu. Ubucuruzi bwambukiranya ubutayu bwarushijeho kwiyongera, kandi nubucuruzi bukomeye bwabacakara bwanyuraga mubutayu. Byagereranijwe ko kuva mu kinyejana cya 10 kugeza mu cya 19 abacakara bagera ku 6.000 kugeza ku 7.000 batwarwaga mu majyaruguru buri mwaka.
Igihe cya Turukiya
Mu kinyejana cya 16, mu majyaruguru ya Sahara,muturere two ku nkombe muri Alijeriya na Tuniziya y'ubu, ndetse no mu bice bimwe na bimwe bya Libiya y'ubu, hamwe n'ubwami bwigenga bwa Misiri, bwigaruriwe n'ubwami bwa Ottoman. . Kuva mu 1517 Misiri yari igice cy’u Bwami bwa Ottoman, ibyo byatumaga Ottomani igenzura ikibaya cya Nili, uburasirazuba bwa Mediterane na Afurika y'Amajyaruguru. Inyungu y'Ubwami bwa Ottoman nuko abaturage bakoraga bambukaga imipaka biboroheye kandi bagakora n'ubucuruzi hagati yabo. Abacuruzi bifashishije inzira y'ubutaka bwa Ottoman kugira ngo bagemure ibirungo, zahabu na silike biva mu burasirazuba,hamwe n'ibicuruzwa biva mu Burayi, ariko hanakorerwaga nicuruzwa ritemewe ryabacakara na zahabu biva muri Afurika. Icyarabu cyarakomeje maze ururimi n'umuco wa kisilamu birashimangirwa cyane. Uturere twa Sahel n’amajyepfo ya Sahara twarimo ibihugu byinshi byigenga hamwe n'imiryango ya Tuareg.
Ubukoloni bw'i Burayi
Ubukoloni bw’i Burayi muri Sahara bwatangiye mu kinyejana cya 19. Ubufaransa bwigaruriye ubutegetsi bwa Alijeriya kuva muri Ottomani mu 1830, maze ubutegetsi bw’Abafaransa bukwira mu majyepfo kuva muri Alijeriya bwerekeza iburasirazuba muri Senegali kugera muri Nijeri, Tchad, Mali, Sudani y'Abafaransa yari igizwe na Timbuktu (1893), Mauritania, Maroc (1912), Nigeriya, na Tuniziya (1881). Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, ubucuruzi bwambukiranya Sahara bwari bwaragabanutse kubera ko ubucuruzi bwakorwaga binyuze mu buryo bugezweho kandi bunoze, nk'indege, aho kwambuka ubutayu.
Ingoma y'Abakoloni b'Abafaransa niyo yari yiganje muri Sahara. yashyizeho imiyoboro isanzwe iva i Toulouse yerekeza, i Oran no hejuru ya Hoggar kugera Timbuktu no mu Burengerazuba i Bamako na Dakar, ndetse na bisi zitwara abagenzi zambukiranya Sahara ziyobowe na companyi Transsaharienne (est. 1927). Filime idasanzwe yakozwe na Kapiteni René Wauthier uzwi cyane mu gutwara indege yerekana imodoka nini y’ikamyo yambutse sahara bwa mbere iva muri Algiers yerekeza Tchad.
Igihugu cya Misiri, kiyobowe na Muhammad Ali n'abamusimbuye, bigaruriye Nubiya mu 1820-22, bashinga Khartoum mu 1823, bigarurira Darfur mu 1874. Igihugu cya Egiputa, harimo na Sudani, cyakolonijwe n'ubwongereza mu 1882. Misiri n'Ubwongereza byatakaje Sudani kuva 1882 kugeza 1898 biturutse ku ntambara ya Mahdist. Nyuma yo gufatwa n’ingabo z’Abongereza mu 1898, Sudani yabaye agakingirizo k’Abongereza n'Abanyamisiri.
Espagne yigaruriye Sahara y’iburengerazuba nyuma ya 1874, nubwo Rio del Oro yayobowe na Sahrawi. Mu 1912, Ubutaliyani bwafashe ibice by'icyagombaga kwitwa Libiya muri Ottomani. Muguteza imbere idini Gatolika y’Abaroma mu butayu, Papa Piyo wa IX yohereje intumwa muri Sahara na Sudani mu 1868; nyuma mu kinyejana cya 19 ububasha bwe bwongeye guhindurwa muri Vicariate Apostolique ya Sahara.
Gusenyuka kwingoma na nyuma yaho
Byinshi mu bihugu bya Sahara byabonye ubwigenge nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose : Libiya mu 1951; Maroc, Sudani, na Tuniziya mu 1956; Cadi, Mali, Moritaniya, na Nijeri mu 1960; na Alijeriya mu 1962. Espagne yavuye mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara mu 1975, maze sahara igabanywa Moritaniya na Maroc. Moritaniya yavuyemo mu 1979; Maroc niyo ikomeje kwigarurira ako karere.
Abantu, umuco, n'indimi
Imvugo zicyarabu ni indimi zivugwa cyane muri Sahara. Icyarabu, Berber nizindi indimi zizishamikiyeho zose zahurijwe hamwe  ku ijambo Amazigh (rikubiyemo ururimi rwa Guanche ruvugwa n’abaturage ba mbere ba Berber batuye mu birwa bya Canary),indimi za Beja nazo ziri mu muryango wa Afro-Aziya cyangwa Hamito-Semitike. Mu bihugu bya Afurika y'uburengerazuba niyo hagati ubariyemo na Sahara, bakoreshaga ururimi rw'igifaransa mu biganiro bwite no ubucuruzi bwo mu karere, abantu baho bari barafashe uwo muco wa kinyapolitike ndetse niyo bavuganaga na Tuareg na Berber. Umurage w'ubutegetsi bw'abakoloni b'Abafaransa ugaragarira cyane cyane mu ivugurura ry'ubutaka ryashyizweho na repubulika ya gatatu n'iya kane, ryateje amacakubiri ya politiki mu buryo bw'ubukorikori mu karere kitaruye kandi kegeranye. Diplomacy hamwe nabakiriya kavukire yakorwaga cyane cyane mucyarabu, akaba arirwo rurimi gakondo rwakoreshwaga no munzego z'ubuyobozi. Gukemura amakimbirane no gutumanaho hagati y’ibigo byakorwaga n’abasemuzi bagiranye amasezerano na guverinoma y’Ubufaransa, nk'uko Keenan akomeza abivuga, mu nyandiko yise "ahantu h’umuhuza w’imico itandukanye," ibi byagize uruhare runini mu kubungabunga indangamuntu gakondo z’akarere.
Umugezi wa Ulindi
thumb|Umugezi w'Ulindi, muri DRC Umugezi wa Ulindi ni uruzi rw'umugezi wa Lualaba muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (DRC). hakaba hariho icyifuzo cyo k'ubaka urugomero rw'amashanyarazi kuri uri ruzi kugira batangize umushinga wo gucukura zahabu.
Inkomoko
Ikiciro:Umugezi wa congo
Indwara yibasiye ibiti by’Imyembe
thumb|Imyembe Bamwe mu baturage batuye mu Murenge wa Nzinge basobanukiwe uburyo bwo kurwanya akamatirizi,Umuhinzi ufite ibiti 300 byose byibasiwe n’akamatirizi, yemeza ko yari yarihebye kugeza ubwo yashakaga kubisimbuza agateramo avoka.
Uburyo bwo kurwanya Akamatirizi
Uburyo bwa mbere bwo kurwanya akamatirizi ni ugukonorera igiti abandi babyita kwicira igiti cyangwa kugikorera nk’uko bakorera ikawa, ni uburyo bwo kugabanya amashami y’igiti kirwaye kugira ngo izuba ryinjire mu giti rigabanye ubuhehere kuko ubuhehere bufasha akamatirizi kororoka. Uburyo bwa kabiri abahinzi bagirwamo inama yo kurwanya akamatirizi ni ukugira isuku ahari igiti cy’umwembe, iyo hari imyanda utumatirizi tuyihishamo tugakomeza kwangiriza igiti, n’aho uburyo bwa gatatu ni ugutera imiti munsi y’amababi ikica utumatirizi muri iyo miti harimo izwi nka Roketi.
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Ibidukikije Ikiciro:Ibimera
Lyès Bouyacoub
thumb|Lyès Bouyacoub Lyès Bouyacoub (wavutse ku ya 3 Mata 1983) ni umukinnyi ukina umukino wa jido ukomoka muri Alijeriya wegukanye igikombe cya Afurika muri 2014 na 2015, akaza ku mwanya wa kabiri muri 2013 na 2016. Yitabiriye imikino Olempike ya 2016, ariko asezererwa mu cyiciro cya gatatu.
Infection sexuellement transmissible
thumb|Ishusho igaragaza virus yandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye. Indwara yandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina ( STI ) cyangwa indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina ( STI ) muri Kanada ni indwara yandura hagati y’abafatanyabikorwa mu buryo butandukanye bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina. Iyi ndwara irashobora kubyara indwara yanduye, yahoze yitwa indwara ziterwa na virusi, izina rikomoka kuri Venusi, imana y'urukundo.Imibonano mpuzabitsina yose irimo guhuza igitsina cyangwa umunwa-guhuza igitsina nundi muntu, cyangwa amazi yimyanya ndangagitsina, bifatwa nkibyago byo kwandura indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina. Buri STI ifite ibyago bitandukanye nurwego rwuburemere. Urebye kwandura buco-faecal, guhuza umunwa-anal byoroheje bitera ibyago byo kwandura parasitike Indwara irashobora kuba myinshi (ibintu byinshi byanduza icyarimwe). Bikunze kugaruka mugihe gitoBitewe n'ubwoko bw'ubwandu, ibyago byo kwandura birashobora kugabanuka no gukingirwa, bikagabanya umubare w'abafatanyabikorwa no gukoresha uburinzi bukwiye harimo, cyane cyane agakingirizo k'abagabo n'abagore ku ndwara zandurira mu myanya ndangagitsina no mu gitsina ndetse n'intanga ngabo.
Lyès Bouyacoub
Ihuza ryo hanze
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Aligeriya
Infection sexuellement transmissible
Amagambo
Kugeza mu ntangiriro ya za 1980, imvugo y'Igifaransa " indwara zifata imyanya ndangagitsina ibyo bisigo byerekanaga imana ya kera ya migani ya Venusi . Kuva mu myaka ya za 90, izina MST (kuri " indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina ”) Cyangwa MTS (kuri“ indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina ”) Bakoreshwa. Kuva mu 1999, ijambo MST ryagiye risimburwa buhoro buhoro n'iri IST na ITS, (“ indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina » na« indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina "), kubera ko ijambo" kwandura "aho kuba" indwara »Ifata neza neza ko indwara zimwe na zimwe zidafite ibimenyetso (nta bimenyetso bigaragara, zishobora kutamenyekana, ntizitabe ibisobanuro byijambo ryindwara mururimi rwa buri munsi). Indwara zimwe zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina zishobora kwandura binyuze mu maraso (hepatite B) cyangwa amata yonsa (SIDA). Noneho, muri Kanada, turavuga cyane cyane kuri STBBIs : “ kwandura mu mibonano mpuzabitsina no kwandura amaraso »
Kwirinda
Amahirwe yo kwandura indwara binyuze mubikorwa byimibonano mpuzabitsina aratandukanye cyane na patologi yandi kandi biterwa nubusambanyi. Imikorere imwe n'imwe itarimo guhuza igitsina cyangwa umunwa (urugero, kwikinisha, gutunga urutoki cyangwa gukubita), hamwe no gukoresha agakingirizo, ingomero z'amenyo cyangwa gants, bigabanya ibyago byo kwandura. Iyi myitozo ivugwa nkimibonano mpuzabitsina itekanye.
Agakingirizo
thumb|Agakingirizo k'abagabo. Bitewe n'indwara ireba, inzobere mu buzima ziragira inama imibonano mpuzabitsina ikingiwe n'udukingirizo mu gihe cyo kuryamana n'abantu bashobora kwandura. Agakingirizo kagaragaza ko ari ingirakamaro cyane mu gukumira kwanduza indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina no mu gitsina ndetse n'amasohoro, ariko ntizirinda indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina zigaragara ku ruhu rw'igitsina. Agakingirizo rero gakoreshwa neza mugihe cyimibonano mpuzabitsina no kwinjira, niyo yonyine yo kuboneza urubyaro irinda kwandura virusi itera sida na hepatite B. Icyakora, ntabwo irinda neza izindi ndwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina itera abantu benshi bapfa, nka sifilis cyangwa papillomavirus ya muntu, ishinzwe ubwoko butandukanye bwa kanseri harimo na kanseri y'inkondo y'umura kandi ikingira gusa. Hanyuma, ntirinda kandi imyanya ndangagitsina ishinzwe ingaruka zikomeye zo mumitekerereze n’imibereho y’umuntu wanduye kandi kwanduza akayoya mu gihe cyo kubyara, bita neonatal herpes, bitera impfu zikomeye hamwe n’urukurikirane rukomeye.
Referances
Ikiciro:Health
Joseph Amoah (kwiruka)
thumb|Joseph Amoah Joseph Paul Amoah (wavutse ku ya 12 Mutarama 1997) ni umukinnyi wo gusiganwa ku maguru ukomoka muri Gana kabuhariwe muri metero 100 na metero 200. Yitabiriye amarushanwa yi mikino ngororamubiri muri 2019 muri metero 100 na metero 4x100, na muri Shampiyona nyafurika ya 2019 yegukana umudali wa zahabu muri Metero 100. Yabaye uwa kane muri metero 100  muri Shampiyona nyafurika ya 2019.
Amoah afite ibihe byiza byamasegonda 9.94 namasegonda 20.08 muri 100m na 200m. Ubutwari bwe mu kwiruka metero 200 bwarangije amateka ya Gana na Emmanuel Tuffour bari bayifashe inshuro eshatu mbere n'amasegonda 0.07.
Ubuhanzi bwa Afurika
Ubuhanzi nyafurika (Mu icyongereza: Africa art) busobanura ibishushanyo bigezweho n'amateka, ibishushanyo, ibyubatswe, hamwe nundi muco ugaragara uhereye kubanyafurika kavukire cyangwa kavukire ndetse numugabane wa Afrika. Igisobanuro gishobora kandi kuba gikubiyemo ubuhanzi bwa diaspora nyafurika, nka: Abanyafurika-Abanyamerika, Karayibe cyangwa ubuhanzi mu bihugu byo muri Amerika yepfo byatewe n'imigenzo ya Afurika. Nuburyo butandukanye, hariho insanganyamatsiko zubuhanzi zihari iyo urebye ubwinshi bwumuco ugaragara kuva kumugabane wa Afrika thumb|Sand art of Ratha Yatra by Sudarsan Pattnaik Umubumbyi, ibyuma, ibishushanyo, ubwubatsi, ubuhanzi bwimyenda nubukorikori bwa fibre nuburyo bukomeye bwubuhanzi bugaragara muri Afrika kandi bushobora gushyirwa mubushakashatsi bwubuhanzi bwa Afrika. Ijambo "ubuhanzi nyafurika" ntabwo risanzwe rikubiyemo ubuhanzi bwakarere ka Afrika ya ruguru kuruhande rwinyanja ya Mediterane, kuko utwo turere twari tumaze igihe kinini mumigenzo itandukanye. Mu myaka irenga igihumbi, ibihangano by'uturere nk'ibyo byari bigize igice cy'ubuhanzi bwa Berber cyangwa Ubuyisilamu, nubwo bifite imiterere yihariye yaho
Joseph Amoah (kwiruka)
Ubuzima bwo hambere
Amoah yavutse ku ya 12 Mutarama 1997 avuka kuri Thomas Amoah na Alberta Antwi i Greater Accra, muri Gana, arerwa na nyirarume Dr. Victor Antwi kuva mu mashuri yisumbuye. Siporo yakundaga gukura ni umupira w'amaguru, ariko yerekeje muri siporo ubwo yiga muri Prempeh College i Kumasi ahavumbuwe impano ye yo kwiruka. Afite imyaka 19, yagaragaye nkuwizeye imikino Olempike kuri Gana muri metero 100 akoresheje amasegonda 10.08 muri Shampiyona yabagabo ya Gana 2016.
Ubuhanzi bwa Afurika
indanganturo
Ikiciro:Afurika Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo
Joseph Amoah (kwiruka)
Abasesenguzi
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Gana
Umuzimu
Mu kwemera gakondo kwa Kinyarwanda, umuzimu ni umuntu wavuye mu bazima, akajya mu isanzure akaba ashobora kugira uruhare mu buzima bw’abazima
Mu madini ya gikristu, umuzimu ni ijambo rikoreshwa mu gusobanura imyuka mibi igamije inabi ku bazima, iyo basenga birukana abo bazimu
= Amashakiro = Ikiciro:Imyemerere Ikiciro:Belief Ikiciro:Amateka y’u Rwanda
Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi
Ishuri rya Tekinike rya Murambi, ubu rizwi ku izina rya Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Jenoside, ruherereye hafi y'umujyi wa Murambi mu majyepfo y'u Rwanda.
Ibisobanuro
uru rwibutso ni rumwe mu nzibuto esheshatu zizwi cyane mu Rwanda bibukiraho Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu w' 1994 mu Rwanda. Ahandi ni Urwibutso rwa Kigali ku Gisozi, Urwibutso rwa Ntarama,Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata, Urwibutso rwa Bisesero na Nyarubuye. left|thumb| imibiri y'abazize jenoside. (ifoto yafashwe mu 2001) Panorama of Schoolgrounds Murambi Genocide Memorial Site.jpg Aha niho habereye ubwicanyi mu gihe cya jenoside yo mu Rwanda yo mu 1994. Igihe ubwicanyi bwatangiraga, abatutsi bo muri ako karere bagerageje kwihisha mu rusengero rwaho. Icyakora, umwepiskopi n'umuyobozi w'akarere babashukishije umutego babohereza mu ishuri rya tekiniki, bavuga ko ingabo z'Abafaransa zizabarindira. Ku ya 16 Mata 1994, impuzandengo y'abatutsi 65.000 bagiye mu ishuri. Abatutsi bamaze kuhagera, nta mazi cyangwa ibiryo byatanzwe. Ibi byakozwe kugirango abaturage bafite intege nke zo kwirwanaho. Nyuma yo kwirwanaho iminsi mike bakoresheje amabuye, abatutsi barengewe ku ya 21 Mata. Abasirikare b'Abafaransa baburiwe irengero maze ishuri ryibasirwa n’intagondwa z’Abahutu Interahamwe . Abatutsi bagera ku 20.000 biciwe kuri iryo shuri, kandi abashoboye gutoroka hafi ya bose bishwe bukeye ubwo bagerageza kwihisha mu rusengero rwegereye. Umubare w'abantu bapfuye bagera ku 50.000 watanzwe na guverinoma utabariyemo n'umubare w'imibiri yataburuwe, ndetse n'abatarashyinguwe mu cyubahiro. Nk’uko umuyobozi w’urwibutso abitangaza, Abafaransa bazanye ibikoresho biremereye byo gucukura ibyobo byinshi aho hashyizwe imibiri ibihumbi. Bahise bashyira ikibuga cya volley ball hejuru yimva rusange kugirango bagerageze guhisha ibyabaye  . Mu mibiri yerekanwe ubu harimo iy'abana n'impinja.
Abantu 34 gusa ni bo bitekerezwa ko barokotse ubwo bwicanyi bwabereye i Murambi.
Urwibutso rwashinzwe ku ya 21 Mata 1995. rukaba rurimo imva 50.000. Inyubako y'ishuri ubu ni inzu ndangamurage ya jenoside yerekana amagufwa hamwe n'imibiri ya bamwe mu bihumbi by'abantu biciwe mu Ntara ya Gikongoro mu 1994. Mu bushakashatsi yakoze ku nzibutso za jenoside yakorewe Abanyarwanda, Timothy Longman avuga ko nubwo imirambo yerekanwa i Murambi itangwa nk'iy'abantu biciwe aho, mu byukuri ko ari imirambo yazanywe i Murambi iturutse mu turere tuyikikije. Abiciwe i Murambi bashyinguwe mu mva rusange aho bari mu 1996.
Reba
Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994
Antoinette Gasongo
Antoinette Gasongo (wavutse 1994 cyangwa 1996)  ni umukinnyiwa jido ukomoka mu Burundi.
Yitabiriye imikino Olempike yo mu 2016 yabereye i Rio de Janeiro muri Burezile, mu bagore bapima ibiro 52 yatsinzwe agitangira na Joana Ramos mu cyiciro cya mbere.
Ihuza ryo hanze
Antoinette Gasongo muri federasiyo mpuzamahanga ya Judo
Antoinette Gasongo mumikino Olempike.com
Antoinette Gasongo muri Olympia
Reba
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi uterura ibiremereye Ikiciro:Umukinnyi witera makofe
Salimata Fofana
Salimata Fofana ni umukinnyi wa jido ukomoka muri
Kote Divuwari. Yatsindiye umwe mu midari ya bronze mu marushanwa y'abagore bapima ibiro 52 mu mikino nyafurika ya 2015 yabereye i Brazzaville, muri Repubulika ya Kongo.
Yatsindiye umwe mu midari ya bronze mu marushanwa y'abagore bapiama ibiro 52 mu marushanwa ya Afurika ya Jido yo mu 2016 yabereye muri Tuniziya, ndetse na Shampiyona yo muri Afurika ya Judo 2019 yabereye i Cape Town, muri Afurika y'Epfo.
Reba
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi uterura ibiremereye Ikiciro:Umukinnyi witera makofe
William Amakye
Wilson William Amakye (wavutse 25 Nzeri 1958) ni umukinnyi wa bigize umwuga ukina hagati mu biruka ukomoka muri Gana. Yarushanwe muri metero 800 mu bagabo mu mikino Olempike yo mu 1984.
Abasesenguzi
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Gana
Yoko River
Umugezi wa Yoko ni uruzi ruri mu majyaruguru ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. ikaba Itemba mu Ntara ya Aketi mu Karere ka Basi Uwele.
Reba
Ikiciro:Umugezi wa congo
Ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Joshua Mqabuko Nkomo
Ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Joshua Mqabuko Nkomo         ni ikibuga cy'indege giherereye muri kilometero 25 hanze ya Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.
Incamake
Ubusanzwe izwi ku Kibuga cy'Indege Mpuzamahanga cya Bulawayo, yahinduwe izina mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro nyakwigendera Dr Joshua Nkomo, umuyobozi akaba ari na we washinze Umuryango w'Afurika y'Abaturage wa Zimbabwe mu mwaka wa 2001. Dr Nkomo kandi yabaye Visi Perezida wa Guverinoma ya Zimbabwe. Iki kibuga cy'indege ni kimwe mu bibuga by'indege mpuzamahanga bya Zimbabwe. Ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Robert Gabriel Mugabe hafi y'umurwa mukuru aho ubona urujya n'uruza rw'indege.
Iki kibuga cy'indege gikora amasaha 16 kumunsi, hamwe na serivisi z’abinjira muri gasutamo ziboneka mu masaha yo gukora. Ibikoresho by'indege byatanzwe birimo parikingi y'indege, imizigo hamwe no gutwara abagenzi. Ibikoresho byinyongera birimo kurya, guhaha, amacumbi, amabanki, parikingi y'imodoka, gukodesha imodoka na serivisi zitwara abagenzi. Ikibuga gishya cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Joshua Nkomo cyafunguwe kuri tariki ya 1 ukwezi k'Ugushyingo mu mwaka wa 2013.
Ihuza ryo hanze
Ikiciro:Zimbabwe Ikiciro:Ikibuga Ikiciro:Indege
Gahunda yo kubyaza umusaruro Imyanda itabora
Kuva mu mwaka wa 2007 mu Rwanda hatangiye gahunda yo guca amasashi naho mu mwaka 2019 hatangira gahunda yo kubuza ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho bya palasitiki bikoreshwa rimwe bikajugunywa.
Feuillet Remi
Yatsindiye imidari ibiri ikurikirana ya bronze muri Shampiyona nyafurika ya Judo yaje ku mwanya wa karindwi muri Shampiyona y'isi ya Jido. Yatoranijwe kuzitabira imikino yo mu mpeshyi ya 2020 akaba yahuye na Shoichiro Mukai mu cyiciro cya mbere.
Gahunda yo kubyaza umusaruro Imyanda itabora
Ibyo Wamenya
Mu Rwanda hasanzwe sosiyete zikusanya imyanda ziyijyana mu bimoteri byabugenewe ndetse n’izibyaza umusaruro imwe muri iyi myanda cyane cyane ifumbire cyangwa ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi bivanwa muri palasitiki byakoreshejwe. Bavuga ko Imyanda itandukanye iri ku rwego rwo hejuru mu koheraza imyuka ihumanya ikirere, aho kuyibyaza umusaruro byagabanya iyi myuka ku gipimo cya 45%. Bamwe mu bitabiriye inama yiga ku bukungu bwisubiranya basanga haramutse hashowe imari mu kubyaza umusaruro imyanda, byagira inyungu nyinshi zirimo no guhanga imirimo.Ku rundi ruhande ariko abahanga basanga ibihugu cyane cyane ibyo muri Afurika bikwiye gushyira imbaraga mu gushaka amafaranga ashorwa muri uru rwego ndetse no gutanga ubumenyi buhangije ku bikorera bifuza kubishoramo imari.
Feuillet Remi
Reba
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi uterura ibiremereye
Gahunda yo kubyaza umusaruro Imyanda itabora
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Ibidukikije
Shabani juma
Djuma Shabani, wavutse16 marsKu ya 16 Werurwe 1993 i Kindu, numukinnyi mpuzamahanga wumupira wamaguru wa congo ukina nkumukinyi wiburyo ku rubyiruko rwabanyafurika.
Muri kipe
Yagiye muri Afurika Champions League ndetse n’igikombe cya Confederation inshuro nyinshi. Yageze muri AS Vita Club umukino wanyuma wigikombe cya Confederation Cup muri 2018, atsindwa na Raja de Casablanca.
Mu ikipe y'igihugu
Yakiriye bwa mbere mu ikipe yo muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo,Ku ya 24 Werurwe 2019, bakina na Liberiya. Uyu mukino batsinzwe 1-0, wari mu majonjora yo gushaka itike yo guhatanira igikombe cya Afurika muri 2019.
amahuza yo hanze
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo
Ishyirahamwe rya Isiraheli rishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije
Ishyirahamwe rya Isiraheli rishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije ( Hebrew , Adam Teva veDin, yamuritse. Umuntu Kamere namategeko ) n'itsinda ry'ibidukikije muri Isiraheli.
Ibirwa bya Tel Aviv
mu kwezi kwa 11 umwaka wa 2002 nibwo leta ya Israel yashyizeho komite y'abantu batandatu yo gutegura imbanziriza mushinga wo gushyiraho imbibi za Tel Aviv. kimwe muri ibyo birwo cyagombaga kuba ikibuga cy'indege naho ikirwa cya Kobe mu Buyapani, icyo kirwa cyagombaga kubaho amazu, ibikorwa by'ubucuruzi n'ubukerarugendo.
Ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina no gufata ku ngufu muri Espagne yari yarakoronijwe n’abafaransa mu nzibacyuho ya demokarasi
Ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina no gufata ku ngufu muri Espagne y’Abafaransa byari ikibazo cyatewe n’imyitwarire y’Abenegihugu cyateye imbere mu gihe cy’intambara yo muri Esipanye. Ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ryakunze kugaragara ku ngabo z’Abenegihugu n’abo baro bafatanije mu gihe cy’intambara y’abaturage. Ingabo z’inyuma za Falangist zasambanyaga ku gahato zikanica abagore mu marimbi, mu bitaro, mu mazu n’imirima, no muri gereza. Bafataga kungufu, bakabica urubozo bakanica abasosiyaliste, abakobwa bato, abaforomo nabandi basirikare. Abasirikare basanzwe b'Abanyagihugu bakoraga ibikorwa nk'ibi byo gufata ku ngufu, iyicarubozo n'ubwicanyi ahantu nka Maial, Callus na Cantalpino. Abavugabutumwa baba misiyoneri b'abanyamahanga bo muri Maroc bakoreshejwe mu gufata ku ngufu abagore kugira ngo bateze iterabwoba mu baturage baho, bakoresheje gufata ku ngufu nk'intwaro y'intambara. Abagore bari muri gereza nabo bafashwe kungufu, akenshi bahuraga nurupfu iyo bangaga kuryamana nababashimusi. Ingano nyayo yikibazo ishobora kutazamenyekana kuko nta nyandiko nanke zabitswe ziguga kubyakorewe abagore, kandi kugerageza kubara ahanini byatumye amateka y’umugore asibangana.
Umugezi wa Yekokora
thumb| Umugezi wa Yekokora Umugezi wa Yekokora ni uruzi ruri mu ntara ya eqateri, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Yekokora ni uruzi rw'umugezi wa Lopori. Umugezi wa Lopori ufatanya n'umugezi wa Maringa mu majyepfo, ugakora uruzi rwa Lulonga, uruzi rw'umugezi wa Kongo. Yekokora itembera mu kibaya cya Lopori muri Maringa, uzwi ku izina rya Maringa-Lopori-Wamba, ahantu h’icyanya gikomye bifite akamaro kanini mu bidukikije.
Reba
Ikiciro:Umugezi wa congo
Ubucuruzi muri afurika
thumb|Ubucuruzi bw'ibitenge nibumwe mu bucuruzi buteye imbere muri Africa thumb|ubucuruzi Afurika ni umugabane mu nini ugizwe n'ibice bitanu by'ingenzi [Amajyarugu, Amajyepfo, Africa yo hagati, Uburasirazuba, n'uburengerazuba]. Abaturage b'Afurika batunzwe n'imirimo itandukanye ariko bibanda cyane k'ubucuruzi. Muri Afurica hakorwa ubwoko bu biri bw'ubucuruzi " Ubukorerwa muri Africa (Mu icyongereza: Internal Trade) n'ubwambukiranya imbibi z'afurika (Mu icyongereza: External Trade)
Ubucuruzi bw'imbere
Ubucuruzi bw’imbere muri Afurika ntabwo bukunze kwerekana umubare ufatika w' ibicuruzwa bigurishwa bitewe n’igipimo kinini cya magendu, ibyo bigatuma umubare munini w’ubucuruzi gakondo bwambukiranya umupaka. Uretse ibyo, ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu bya Afurika ntibukorwa neza kubera ko ubucuruzi bwakomeje kwibanda mu turere dusanzwe dufite ifaranga ndetse n’ubucuruzi bwateye imbere mu bihugu bya Afurika, mu gihe cy’abakoloni, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gutwara abantu n’itumanaho bidahagije, na kubura ubuhinzi cyangwa ibindi bicuruzwa byuzuzanya, hamwe niterambere rito ryinganda zikora.
Ubucuruzi bwo hanze
Kuva Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose yatangira habayeho kwaguka cyane mu bucuruzi bwo muri Afurika muri rusange. Iterambere rigereranywa neza n'utundi turere dutera imbere, nka Amerika y'Epfo. Agaciro k’ibitumizwa mu mahanga ariko, karenze ibyoherezwa mu mahanga mu gihe runaka, bituma habaho ubusumbane bukabije mu bucuruzi mu bihugu byinshi bya Afurika. Kwiyongera kwinshi mu byoherezwa muri Afurika muri rusange biterwa no kwiyongera kw'ibicuruzwa by'ibanze mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose ndetse no mu gihe cyo kwiyubaka nyuma y'intambara. Nyuma y’ubwigenge n’ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika, cyane cyane mu ntangiriro ya za 1960, bikurikirwa no guharanira iterambere ry’ubukungu, byashimangiye gahunda yo kwagura ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Indi mpamvu yatumye ubwiyongere bwihuse bw’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa muri Afurika ni izamuka ry’agateganyo ry’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa by’ibanze, nubwo nyuma yaho icyerekezo rusange, usibye peteroli, cyerekeje ku biciro by’ibicuruzwa byihebye. Kuba iki kibazo gikomeje kuba kimwe mu byatumye ubukungu bw’ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika bumuga kubera amadeni menshi y’amahanga.
Ibyoherezwa mu mahanga
Ikintu cyingenzi cyagize uruhare mu izamuka ry’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga muri Afurika ni ukuvumbura peteroli mu bihugu byinshi, cyane cyane Libiya, Alijeriya, Nijeriya, Gabon, Angola, Repubulika ya Kongo, na Kameruni, ndetse n’izamuka ry’ibiciro ryazanywe n’umuryango w’umuryango Ibihugu byohereza peteroli mu mahanga (OPEC) mu myaka ya za 70. Ibindi bintu birimo kuvumbura no kwiyongera kwamabuye y'agaciro akenewe cyane, nka diyama - cyane cyane muri Siyera Lewone, Repubulika ya Kongo, Repubulika ya Centrafrique, na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo - no gukoresha ibindi amabuye y'agaciro, nk'amabuye ya uranium.
Ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga
Ubwiyongere bukabije bw’ubucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa biva muri Afurika bwasobanuye ko umushinga w’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu bihugu byinshi bya Afurika urenze ibyoherezwa mu mahanga; Ingaruka zabyo, leta nyinshi zashyizeho imipaka yo gutumiza mu mahanga cyangwa gutera inkunga byinshi mu bicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga. Igice kinini cy’ibitumizwa mu mahanga biva mu Burayi bw’iburengerazuba, cyane cyane ibihugu by’Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, aho umubano ukomeye w’ubucuruzi ukomeje ku murongo w’abakoloni. Habayeho ariko kwiyongera cyane mu bicuruzwa biva muri Amerika, Ubuyapani, na Afurika y'Epfo. Ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga birakenewe cyane cyane mu guteza imbere inganda, bityo rero, bigarukira ahanini ku bicanwa by’amabuye y'agaciro, ibicuruzwa byo mu nganda, imashini, ibikoresho byo gutwara abantu n'ibicuruzwa biramba.
Ishakiro
Ikiciro:Africa Ikiciro:Ubukungu bwa afurika Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi Ikiciro:Imibereho myiza
Umugezi wa Wamba
Umugezi wa Wamba ni uruzi ruri muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (DRC) na Angola. Ikomoka ku butumburuke bwa metero 3,250, ari nk'isangano ry'imigezi mito nko mu Ntara ya Lunda y'amajyaruguru ya Angola, akarere k'imisozi mito n'imigezi idakabije. Muri Angola izwi ku izina rya Uamba.
Itemba yerekeza mu majyaruguru, aho igizwe n'igice cy'umupaka wa Angola / DRC, hanyuma mu burebure bwacyo ikanyura mu Ntara ya Bandundu kugera aho ihurira n'umugezi wa Kwango ku butumburuke bwa metero 1,023.
Ikibuga cy'indege cya Kariba
Ikibuga cy'indege cya Kariba ni ikibuga mpuzamahanga gikorera Kariba, Mashonaland Intara y'Iburengerazuba,mu gihugu cya Zimbabwe. Giherereye muri kilometero 4 mu burasirazuba bw'umujyi, na kilometero 13 iburasirazuba bw'urugomero rwa Kariba, rusohokera mu kiyaga cya Kariba. Radiyo y'itumanaho y'i kariba ku cyibuga cy'indege (Indangamuntu: KB ) iherereye muri kilometero 6.7 iburengerazuba bw'umuhanda.
Habayeho guhamagarwa n’abanyapolitiki baho n’ubucuruzi bw’ubukerarugendo kugirango ikibuga cy'indege gitunganywe bundi bushya mu buryo bwo gusiga amarangi cyangwa guhindura bimwe mubikoresho bishaje.
Fastjet Zimbabwe yatangaje ko bagiye kumenyekanisha serivisi ziteganijwe ku kibuga cy'indege cya Kariba kuva Harare na Victoria Falls, guhera mu mpera z'ukwezi kwa Werurwe mu mwaka wa 2023.
Ihuza ryo hanze
Ikiciro:Zimbabwe
Felicite Antonio
Antonio Felicité (wavutse ku ya 25 Nyakanga 1974) ni umukinnyi wa jido ukomoka muri Maurice. Yarushanijwe mu bagabo baremereye mu cyiciro cya kabiri kiremereye mu mikino Olempike yo mu 1996
Reba
Antonio Felicité kuri JudoInside.com
Antonio Felicité muri Olympia
Imbuga y'Amabonekerwa
thumb|Kiriziya ya Kibeho. imbuga y'Amabonekerwa ni agace gaherereye ku butaka butagatifu bw'i Kibeho mu karere ka Nyaruguru, Mu ntara y'amajyepfo mu Rwanda ku ngoro yitiriwe Bikira Mariya ya Kiliziya Gatolika. Iyi mbuga y’Amabonekerwa yakomotse ku Ishuri ry’abakobwa ryashinzwe mu 1968 i Kibeho aho Bikira Mariya yabonekeye agatanga ubutumwa bugenewe isi akabuha uwitwa Mukamazimpaka Nathalie,lponsine Mumureke na Mukangango Marie Claire. ako gace gaherereye neza neza imbere y'icyumba abo bakobwa bararagamo kuva tariki ya 15 Kanama 1982 kugeza kuri 28 Ugushyingo 1989
Felicite Antonio
Reba
Antonio Felicite muri federasiyo yimikino ya Commonwealth
Imbuga y'Amabonekerwa
= Amashakiro = Ikiciro:Imyemerere Ikiciro:Belief Ikiciro:Kiliziya Gatolika
Felicite Antonio
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi uterura ibiremereye
Oluwatobi Ajayi
Oluwatobi Ajayi, ni umwe mu bashinze kandi akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru wa Jetvan Automobiles Limited, umucuruzi ukomeye wa Mercedes-Benz Sprinter muri Nijeriya. Yatangiye umwuga we muri Mercedes-Benz Nigeriya aho yabaye Umuyobozi w’ishami (vans zubucuruzi) afite imyaka 24. Mu 2015, yahuje itsinda ry’abashoramari maze ashinga Jetvan igurisha imodoka zirenga 500 buri mwaka.
Indanganturo
Ikiciro:Afurika Ikiciro:Nijeriya Ikiciro:Iterambere rya Afurica Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo Ikiciro:Ubuzima Ikiciro:Imibereho myiza
Inzuzi za Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo
Uru ni urutonde rw'inzuzi ziri muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Uru rutonde ni ikibaya cy’amazi, n’imigezi ijyanye na buri zina rinini.
Inyanja ya Atalantika
thumb|550x550px| Ikarita yinzuzi n’ibiyaga bikuru bya [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo .]]
Reba
Ikiciro:Umugezi wa congo
KAMASA Peter
Kamasa Peter ni umunyamakuru wa siporo mu Rwanda aho akorera ikinyamakuru The New Times, akaba umutoza mukuru w’iyi kipe ya Kirehe Volley Ball Club nyuma yahoo yari umukinnyi wa Volley Ball mu ikipe y’ Umubano Blue Tigers.
African Goshawk
African
thumb|290x290px African Goshawk ni ubwoko bw'inyoni zituruka mu bwoko bwa Accipiter mu bwoko bw'umuryango
wa Accipitridae.
iyi nyoni bakunze kwita inyoni nya afrika ifite amaso y'ijimwe impeta y'umuhondo
Capsule (farumasi)
thumb| Capsules Mugukora imiti, encapsulation mugikonoshwa gisanzwe kizwi nka capsule, kibemerera, kurugero, gufatwa kumanwa cyangwa gukoreshwa nkibitekerezo. Ubwoko bubiri bwingenzi bwa capsules ni:
African Goshawk
African
ikagira igihanga gisa n 'imvi,amababa y''ijimye n'umurizo muremure w' umukara
Capsule (farumasi)
Ibyo byiciro byombi bya capsules bikozwe mubisubizo byamazi ya gelline, nka proteine y'inyamanswa (cyane cyane gelatine ) cyangwa polysaccharide y'ibimera cyangwa ibiyikomokaho (nka karrageenans nuburyo bwahinduwe bwa krahisi na selile ). Ibindi bikoresho bishobora kongerwaho mubisubizo bya gelling harimo plasitike nka glycerine cyangwa sorbitol kugirango bigabanye ubukana bwa capsule.
African Goshawk
African
ikagira agatuza kera n'amaguru maremare y'umuhondo ninzara zatuye zirabura.
Capsule (farumasi)
.
Igice kimwe cya gel encapsulation ("capsules yoroshye")
Mu 1833,Bakoresheje ibyuma kubikorwa byabo, bakuzuza capsules kugiti cyabo hamwe nigitonyanga cyimiti. Nyuma yaho, uburyo bwateguwe bwakoresheje amasahani hamwe nu mifuka kugirango bakore capsules. Nubwo ibigo bimwe bigikoresha ubu buryo, ibikoresho ntibigikora mubucuruzi. Ibikoresho byose bigezweho byoroshye-gel ikoresha itandukaniro ryibikorwa byakozwe na RP Scherer muri 1933. Agashya ke yakoresheje kuzunguruka kugirango atange capsules. Baca baruzuzwa no gukubitwa. Ubu buryo bwari umusaruro mwinshi, uhoraho, kandi ugabanya imyanda.
Softgels ishobora kuba uburyo bwiza bwo gutanga imiti yo mu kanwa, cyane imiti idashonga,.Ibikoresho byamazi biragoye kubishyira mubindi bikoresho byose bya dosiye nka tablet. Softgels nayo ikwiranye cyane nibiyobyabwenge bikomeye (urugero, aho ikinini ari <100 )
mu 1847. Capsules ikozwe mubice bibiri. Capsules itangwa nkibice bifunze uruganda rukora imiti.capsule yuzuyemo ifu cyangwa pellet nyinshi zisanzwe zakozwe mugikorwa cyo gusohora no guterana.
Capsile igizwe na gelatine ikozwe muri kolagen yuruhu rwinyamaswa cyangwa amagufwa.
Indabo za capsule zatangiwe mu 1987, zakozwe muri selile, ibintu bigize ibimera. Ibintu nyamukuru bigize capsules zikomoka ku bimera ni hydroxypropyl methyl selulose. Mu kinyejana cya 21.
Capsule yuzuza uburemere ni ikintu cyingenzi muri ensapsulation hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwo kuzuza uburemere,kimwe no kugenzura uburemere kumurongo, kugirango ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa. Umuti urashobora kuba mumutwe wa capsule, umubiri wa capsule cyangwa mumubiri ndetse numutwe wa capsule. Umuntu arashobora gushira imiti irenze imwe muri capsule shell matrix. Umuti urashobora kuba muburyo bwasheshwe kandi bwahagaritswe muri capsule shell matrix. Rero, umuntu arashobora gukora ubwoko butandukanye bwo gutandukana muri "capsules yashizwemo ibiyobyabwenge". Igipimo cyo kurekura ibiyobyabwenge kirashobora gutandukana ukurikije uburyo ibiyobyabwenge byinjijwe muri capsule shell matrix hamwe nibiyobyabwenge.
Urutonde rw'inzuzi za Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo
Uru ni urutonde rw'inzuzi ziri muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Uru rutonde ni ikibaya cy’amazi, n’imigezi ijyanye na buri zina rinini.
Inyanja ya Atalantika
thumb|550x550px| Ikarita yinzuzi n’ibiyaga bikuru bya [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo .]]
Reba
Ikiciro:Umugezi wa congo
Fanta Keita
Fanta Keita (yavutse 8 Gicurasi 1981 - 30 Ukwakira 2006) ni umukkinyi wa jido wo muri Senegali. Yabaye uwambere muri shampiyona ya Afurika mu 2005, aba shampiyo wa Senegali kabiri mu myaka wa 2000 na 2005.
Keita yapfuye azize impanuka y'omunyitozo.
Reba
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi uterura ibiremereye
Urubyiruko rwateye ibiti gakondo 3000 kuri hegitari zirindwi mu kubungabunga ibidukikije
Urubyiruko ruri kwiga ibijyanye n’ibidukikije rwibumbiye mu muryango GreenGoal Rwanda Initiative (GGRI) n’abaturage bo mu Karere ka Gasabo mu Mujyi wa Kigali, bateye ibiti 3000 kuri hegitari zirindwi z’ahantu hakundaga kwibasirwa n’isuri n’inkangu.
Ibi biti byatewe kuri uyu wa Gatandatu tariki 26 Ugushyingo 2022, mu muganda usoza ukwezi wibanze ku gutera ibiti no gucukura imirwanyasuri. Byatewe mu mudugudu wa Uwaruraza, Akagari ka Ngara, Umurenge wa Bumbogo no mu gace kegereye ikigo cya gisirikare cya Kami.
Ahatewe ibiti ni ahantu hanyura amazi menshi y’imvura ndetse hamwe yanahaciye inkangu. Iyo uhitegereje ubona ko ibiti bike byari bihari birimo gucika ku buryo hatagize igikorwa hakomeza guteza ibyago abahatuye birimo isuri n’inkangu.
Paul Kihiko
Paul Kihiko ni we washinze Wing It Nairobi, resitora ya mbere ya Kenya kandi yonyine amababa-gusa Serivise yihuse. Isoko ryayo rya mbere muri Galleria Shopping Mall muri Kenya ryagenze neza cyane kandi rikora imibare 6 buri mwaka. Umwaka ushize, Wing Yakusanyije $ 75.000 mu bashoramari babiri ku mugabane muto muri Kenya ya Dragons 'Den. Uyu mwaka, Kihiko yiteguye gufungura ibindi bicuruzwa.
Indanganturo
Ikiciro:Afurika Ikiciro:Iterambere rya Afurica Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi Ikiciro:Inganda
ISIMBI Christella
ISIMBI Christella ni umutegarugoro akaba umunyamakurukazi  wa siporo mu mupira w’amaguru kuri radio Fine FM.Isimbi mubuzima busazwe ubundi ni umunyeshuri muri kaminnuza aho yiga mu ishami ry’ itangazamakuru.
MURI SIPORO
ISIMBI Christella akora mu cy’iganiro cya siporo cyitwa Urukiko rw’ubujurire rw’imikino (siporo), ni ikiganiro gitangira kuva saa yine zamanywa kugeza saa 1:00’ kuri Fine FM. Isimbi Christella kandi akora mu kiganiro cya siporo n’imikino cyitwa Bench ya Sport cy’inyura kuri Televisiyo yitwa Isibo TV.
Ezzine Wail
Ezzine Wail (yavutse 5 Mata 1996) ni umukinnyi wa Jido wabigize umwuga,ukomoka muri Alijeriya. Yarushanwe mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga ya Judo 2021 mu bafite ibiro 66.
Yatsindiye imudali wa zahabu mu gikombe cya Afurika cya 2019 mu bafite ibiro 66.
Muri Shampiyona yo muri Afurika 2021 yabereye i Dakar, muri Senegali, yegukanye umudari wa feza mu bagabo bafite ibiro 66.
Abasesenguzi
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi uterura ibiremereye
Sosiyete y'Abayapani ishinzwe kubungabunga inyoni
Izwi ku izina rya Japanese Society for Preservation of Birds: rimwe na rimwe "Ishyirahamwe ry’Abayapani rishinzwe kubungabunga inyoni", ryashinzwe mu 1947, rishyiramo nyuma yimyaka icumi, kandi iharanira Inyungu Rusange yashinzwe muri 2012. Intego y'Umuryango ni "kurengera inyamaswa cyane cyane inyoni, guteza imbere kubungabunga, no kugira uruhare mu kubungabunga urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima ".
African Goshawk
African
mugihe ingabo zazo zipima (150-340 g (3.5-12.oZ) Amababa yikubye inshuro
ingabo ni (540-700MM (21.1-27.5 In) Mu ngore.
Hagumamahoro Isaac
AMASHAKIRO
Ikiciro:Rwanda Ikiciro:Umuririmbyi w'indirimbo z'Imana Ikiciro:Amadini n'amatorero
WHO
Inteko yubuzima ku isi
Inteko y’ubuzima ku isi n’urwego rukuru rufata ibyemezo bya OMS. Ubusanzwe iteranira i Geneve muri Gicurasi buri mwaka kandi ikagira intumwa ziturutse mu 194 États,. Buri munyamuryango afite ijwi rimwe. Inshingano zayo nyamukuru ni ukwemeza ingengo yimishinga ya OMS yimyaka ibiri ikurikira no guhitamo icyerekezo nyamukuru cya politiki cyumuryango. Aya mabwiriza yatowe n’Inteko y’ubuzima ku isi ku bwiganze bwa benshi kandi atangira gukurikizwa ku bihugu byose bigize Umuryango keretse iyo banze cyangwa bagashyiraho umwanzuro mu gihe giteganijwe kubimenyeshwa. Yemejwe na bibiri bya gatatu byamasezerano mpuzamahanga mashya yubuzima kugirango yuzuze icyuho mubice bitandukanye. Amasezerano yose agomba kwemezwa na buri gihugu kugirango gitangire gukurikizwa. Kurugero, rwemeje Amasezerano ya OMS yerekeye kurwanya itabi, 6 États gusa ntizemeza. Inteko ishyiraho politiki n'ingengo y'imari ya OMS.
References
Ikiciro:Health
Nthabiseng Mosia
Abakozi
Isosiyete ifite abakozi 35 n'abakozi 40, ifite amanota yo kugurisha mu turere 8 two muri Siyera Lewone. Kugeza ubu, Easy Solar imaze gukusanya inkunga kuva nka, Acumen, Gaia Impact Fund, Cordaid, Ikigega Nyafurika gishinzwe ibibazo, MasterCard n'Ikigega cya SIMA.
Uburezi
Mosia yavukiye muri Gana, nyuma yimukira muri Afurika y'Epfo. Nkumuyabaga rimwe na rimwe yahuye numuriro kubera amashanyarazi yizewe, byabanje kumushishikaza ingufu. Mosia yabonye impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya kabiri cya siyansi y’ubucuruzi mu bijyanye n’imari n’ubukungu yakuye muri kaminuza ya CapeTown, arangiza afite impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya mbere kandi atandukana, nyuma akora nk'umujyanama mu micungire muri Afurika.
Mu mwaka wa 2016 yize icyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza cyibanze ku bijyanye n’imari n’ingengo y’imari isukuye mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Imibereho Myiza n’Imibereho Myiza y'Abaturage, Kaminuza ya Columbiya, aho yahuriye n’abashinze Easy Solar, Eric Silverman na Alexandre Tourre.