cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Ubutrenganzira bw'abana
Uburenganzira bw'abana cyangwa uburenganzira bw'abana ni agace k'uburenganzira bwa muntu hitawe cyane cyane ku burenganzira bwo kurengera no kwita ku bana bato. [1] Amasezerano yo mu 1989 yerekeye uburenganzira bw’umwana (CRC) asobanura ko umwana ari "umuntu uwo ari we wese uri munsi y’imyaka cumi n'umunani, keretse iyo amategeko akurikizwa ku mwana, benshi babigeraho mbere." [2] Uburenganzira bw'abana bukubiyemo uburenganzira bwabo gufatanya n'ababyeyi bombi, indangamuntu kimwe n'ibikenerwa by'ibanze mu kurinda umubiri, ibiryo, uburezi buhembwa na Leta, ubuvuzi, n'amategeko mpanabyaha akwiranye n'imyaka n'iterambere ry'umwana, kurengera kimwe uburenganzira bw'umwana, n'umudendezo wo kuvangura hashingiwe ku bwoko bw'umwana, igitsina, icyerekezo cy'imibonano mpuzabitsina, indangamuntu, inkomoko y'igihugu, idini, ubumuga, ibara, ubwoko, cyangwa ibindi biranga.
= Gusobanura uburenganzira = Uburenganzira bw'abana bitangirira ku kwemerera abana ubushobozi bwo gukora ibikorwa byigenga kugeza ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'abana badafite ihohoterwa ku mubiri, mu bwenge no mu marangamutima, nubwo icyo ari cyo "ihohoterwa" ari ikibazo cy'impaka. Ibindi bisobanuro birimo uburenganzira bwo kwita no kurera. Nta bisobanuro by'andi magambo akoreshwa mu gusobanura urubyiruko nka "ingimbi", "ingimbi", cyangwa "urubyiruko" mu mategeko mpuzamahanga, [4] ariko umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bw'abana ufatwa nk'utandukanye n'umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bw'urubyiruko. Urwego rw'uburenganzira bw'abana rurimo amategeko, politiki, idini, n'imyitwarire.
Gutsindishirizwa
Umuhungu ukora nka "umuhungu w'isaha" mumihanda ya Merida, Mexico
Hariho amategeko menshi y’uburenganzira bwa muntu, haba mu masezerano ndetse n '' amategeko yoroshye ', haba muri rusange no ku mwana, yemera imiterere itandukanye n’ibisabwa abana. [Abana], bitewe n’intege nke zabo n’akamaro kabo nk’igihe kizaza, bafite uburenganzira bwo kuvurwa bidasanzwe muri rusange, kandi, mu bihe by’akaga, bagashyirwa imbere mu kubona ubufasha n’uburinzi.
- Jenny Kuper, Amategeko mpuzamahanga yerekeye abasivili b'abana mu ntambara yitwaje intwaro (1997, Itangazamakuru rya Clarendon)
Nkabana bato n amategeko, abana ntibafite ubwigenge cyangwa uburenganzira bwo kwifatira ibyemezo ubwabo mubutegetsi buzwi bwisi. Ahubwo abarezi babo bakuze, barimo ababyeyi, abashinzwe imibereho myiza y'abaturage, abarimu, abakozi b'urubyiruko, n'abandi, bahabwa ubwo bubasha, bitewe n'ibihe. Bamwe bemeza ko iyi miterere iha abana ubushobozi budahagije ku mibereho yabo kandi bigatuma batagira intege nke. Louis Althusser yageze aho asobanura iyi mashini zemewe n'amategeko, kuko zireba abana, nk "" ibikoresho bya leta bikandamiza ".
Inzego nka politiki ya leta zakozwe na bamwe mu batanga ibitekerezo kugira ngo bahishe uburyo abantu bakuru bahohotera no gukoresha abana, bikaviramo ubukene bw'abana, kubura amahirwe yo kwiga, n'imirimo ikoreshwa abana. Kuri iki gitekerezo, abana bagomba gufatwa nkitsinda rito abantu bakeneye kugira ngo bongere gutekereza ku myitwarire yabo.
Ubushakashatsi
Abashakashatsi bagaragaje ko abana bakeneye kumenyekana nk'abagize uruhare muri sosiyete bafite uburenganzira n'inshingano bigomba kumenyekana mu myaka yose.
Ibisobanuro byamateka byuburenganzira bwabana
Umukobwa wa Farawo agirira impuhwe Mose mu gitebo kireremba. (Abana b'Abaheburayo bari barategetswe kwicwa na se.)
Sir William Blackstone (1765-9) yemeye imirimo itatu y'ababyeyi ku mwana: kubungabunga, kurinda, no kwiga. Mu mvugo igezweho, umwana afite uburenganzira bwo kubakira kubabyeyi.
Umuryango w’ibihugu wemeje Itangazo ry’i Jeneve ry’uburenganzira bw’umwana (1924), ryagaragaje uburenganzira bw’umwana bwo kubona ibisabwa kugira ngo akure neza, uburenganzira bw’umwana ushonje kugaburirwa, uburenganzira bw’umwana urwaye bwo kubona ubuzima ubwitonzi, uburenganzira bw'umwana wasigaye gusubizwa, uburenganzira bw'imfubyi zo kubamo, n'uburenganzira bwo gukingirwa gukoreshwa.
Ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku burenganzira bwa muntu (1948) mu ngingo ya 25 (2) ryemeje ko umubyeyi n’umwana akeneye "kurengera no gufashwa bidasanzwe" n’uburenganzira bw’abana bose "kurengera imibereho".
Mamane Barka
thumb|Umuhanzi Malam Mamane Barka Malam Mamane Barka (1958/1959 - 21 Ugushyingo 2018) yari umucuranzi wo muri Nigeriya, akaba n'umwe mu bakinnyi bakomeye ku isi ba biram. Yapfuye ku ya 21 Ugushyingo 2018, afite imyaka 59.
Ubutrenganzira bw'abana
Ubushakashatsi
Ubwumvikane buke mu gusobanura uburenganzira bw’abana bwarushijeho kugaragara mu myaka mirongo itanu ishize. Igitabo cyo mu 1973 cyanditswe na Hillary Clinton (icyo gihe wari umwunganira) cyavuze ko uburenganzira bw'abana ari "interuro ikeneye ibisobanuro". Nk’uko abashakashatsi bamwe babivuga, igitekerezo cy’uburenganzira bw’abana ntikirasobanurwa neza, byibuze umwe avuga ko nta bisobanuro byemewe cyangwa inyigisho imwe y’uburenganzira ifitwe n’abana. [16]
Mamane Barka
Ubuzima
Malam Mamane Barka yavutse 1958 cyangwa 1959 i Tesker, mu mujyi uherereye mu burasirazuba bwa repubulika yigenga ya Nigeri. Yakomokaga mu bantu babaizwa muri Toubou. Nkumucuranzi wa Ngurumi, igikoresho kigizwe n'imigozi y'imirya y'inanga ibiri, yamenyekanye cyane mu gihugu cye yaratuyemo ndetse no mu gihugu cy’abaturanyi cya Nijeriya. Mu 2002 yahisemo kwiyemeza kwiga Biram. Ni igikoresho cy'imigozi itanu y'imirya gikoreshwa naba Boudouma, umuryango w'abarobyi mu kiyaga cya Tchad, mu ndirimbo gakondo.
Ubutrenganzira bw'abana
Ubushakashatsi
Amategeko y’uburenganzira bw’abana asobanurwa nk ingingo aho amategeko ahuza ubuzima bwumwana. Ibyo bikubiyemo ubugizi bwa nabi bw’abana, inzira ikwiye ku bana bagize uruhare mu butabera mpanabyaha, kubahagararira bikwiye, na serivisi zita ku buzima busanzwe; kwita no kurengera abana barera leta; kwita ku burezi ku bana bose hatitawe ku bwoko bwabo, igitsina, icyerekezo cy'imibonano mpuzabitsina, indangamuntu, inkomoko y'igihugu, idini, ubumuga, ibara, ubwoko, cyangwa ibindi biranga, kandi; ubuvuzi no kunganira.
= Ibyiciro = Abana bafite ubwoko bubiri bwuburenganzira bwa muntu hakurikijwe amategeko mpuzamahanga y’uburenganzira bwa muntu. Bafite uburenganzira rusange bw’ikiremwamuntu nk’abantu bakuru, nubwo uburenganzira bwa muntu, nk’uburenganzira bwo gushyingirwa, businzira kugeza bageze mu za bukuru, Icya kabiri, bafite uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu bukenewe mu kubarinda mu gihe gito. ] Uburenganzira rusange bukorera mu bwana burimo uburenganzira bw’umutekano w’umuntu, umudendezo wo gufatwa nabi n’ubumuntu, ubugome, cyangwa gutesha agaciro, n’uburenganzira bwo kurindwa bidasanzwe mu bwana. By'umwihariko uburenganzira bwa muntu bw’abana harimo, mu bindi burenganzira, uburenganzira bwo kubaho, uburenganzira ku izina, uburenganzira bwo gutanga ibitekerezo bye mu bibazo bireba umwana, uburenganzira bwo kwisanzura mu bitekerezo, umutimanama n’idini, uburenganzira bwo kwivuza, uburenganzira bwo gukingirwa mu bukungu no mu mibonano mpuzabitsina, n'uburenganzira bwo kwiga.
Uburenganzira bw'abana busobanurwa muburyo butandukanye, harimo n'uburenganzira butandukanye bw'abaturage, politiki, ubukungu, imibereho myiza n'umuco. Uburenganzira bukunda kuba muburyo bubiri: abunganira abana nkabantu bigenga bakurikiza amategeko nabatanga ikirego muri societe kugirango bakingire ibibi byakorewe abana kubera ko batunzwe. Ibi byashyizweho nk'uburenganzira bwo kongererwa imbaraga n'uburenganzira bwo kurindwa.
Ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryigisha abana ryashyize mu bikorwa uburenganzira buvugwa mu Masezerano y’uburenganzira bw’umwana nka "3 Zab": Gutanga, Kurengera, no Kugira uruhare. Bashobora gusobanurwa gutya:
Ibiteganijwe: Abana bafite uburenganzira bwo kubaho neza, ubuzima, uburezi na serivisi, no gukina no kwidagadura. Ibi birimo indyo yuzuye, uburiri bushyushye bwo kuryama, no kubona amashuri.
Kurinda: Abana bafite uburenganzira bwo kurinda ihohoterwa, kutitabwaho, gukoreshwa no kuvangura. Ibi birimo uburenganzira bwahantu hizewe abana bakinira; imyubakire yubaka abana yubaka, no kwemeza ubushobozi bwabana.
= Uburenganzira = Abana bafite uburenganzira bwo kwitabira abaturage kandi bafite gahunda na serivisi ubwabo. Ibi birimo uruhare rwabana mumasomero na gahunda zabaturage, ibikorwa byijwi ryurubyiruko, no kugira uruhare mubana nkabafata ibyemezo.
Mu buryo busa, umuyoboro mpuzamahanga uharanira uburenganzira bw'umwana (CRIN) ushyira uburenganzira mu matsinda abiri: [22] [23]
Uburenganzira mu bukungu, imibereho myiza n’umuco, bujyanye n’ibihe bikenewe kugira ngo abantu babone ibyo bakeneye nk’ibiribwa, aho kuba, uburezi, ubuvuzi, n’akazi keza. Harimo n'uburenganzira ku burezi, amazu ahagije, ibiryo, amazi, urwego rwo hejuru rw’ubuzima rushoboka, uburenganzira bwo gukora n’uburenganzira ku kazi, ndetse n’uburenganzira bw’umuco bw’abantu bake n’abasangwabutaka.
Uburenganzira ku bidukikije, umuco n’iterambere, rimwe na rimwe byitwa "uburenganzira bwo mu gisekuru cya gatatu", kandi harimo n’uburenganzira bwo gutura ahantu hizewe kandi hafite ubuzima bwiza kandi ko amatsinda y’abantu afite uburenganzira bwo kwiteza imbere mu muco, politiki, n’ubukungu.
Amnesty International iharanira ku mugaragaro uburenganzira bune bw’abana, harimo no guhagarika ifungwa ry’abana bato nta gufungurwa by’agateganyo, guhagarika kwinjiza mu gisirikare abana, kurangiza igihano cy’urupfu ku bantu bari munsi y’imyaka 21, no gukangurira uburenganzira bwa muntu mu ishuri. ] Umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu Human Rights Watch, urimo imirimo mibi ikoreshwa abana, ubutabera bw’abana, impfubyi n’abana batereranywe, impunzi, abana bo mu muhanda n’ibihano by’umubiri.
Kwiga intiti muri rusange byibanda kuburenganzira bwabana muguhitamo uburenganzira bwa buri muntu. Uburenganzira bukurikira "butuma abana bakura neza kandi bafite umudendezo": [ukurikije nde?] [24]
Ubwisanzure mu bitekerezo
Umudendezo wo gutinya
Ubwisanzure bwo guhitamo n'uburenganzira bwo gufata ibyemezo
Gutunga umubiri wawe
Raporo ya komite ishinzwe imibereho myiza y’abaturage, ubuzima, n’iterambere rirambye ry’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’Inama y’Uburayi yagaragaje ibice byinshi Komite yari ihangayikishijwe, harimo n’uburyo nka "gutema igitsina gore, gukebwa ku bahungu bato kubera impamvu z’idini, kwivuza hakiri kare mu bwana mu bijyanye n’abana bahuje ibitsina no kuyoboka cyangwa guhatira abana mu gutobora, kwishushanya cyangwa kubaga plastique ". Inteko yemeje imyanzuro idahwitse mu 2013 isaba ibihugu 47 bigize uyu muryango gufata ingamba nyinshi zo guteza imbere ubusugire bw’umubiri bw’abana.
Ingingo ya 19 ya amasezerano y’uburenganzira bw’umwana ategeka amashyaka "gufata ingamba zose zikwiye zishinga amategeko, iz'ubutegetsi, imibereho myiza n’uburezi kugira ngo arinde umwana ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose ry’umubiri cyangwa ryo mu mutwe, gukomeretsa cyangwa guhohoterwa, kutita ku bintu cyangwa kwirengagiza, gufata nabi cyangwa gukoreshwa nabi". Komisiyo ishinzwe uburenganzira bw’umwana isobanura ingingo ya 19 ibuza ibihano by’umubiri, igira icyo ivuga ku "nshingano z’ibihugu byose kwihutira kubuza no gukuraho ibihano byose by’umubiri." [28] Komite y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu nayo yasobanuye ingingo 7 mu Masezerano Mpuzamahanga yerekeye Uburenganzira bwa Muntu na Politiki abuza "gufata nabi cyangwa guhohotera, ubumuntu cyangwa gutesha agaciro" ibihano ku bana, harimo no guhana abana ku mubiri.
Newell (1993) yavuze ko "... igitutu cyo kurengera ubusugire bw’umubiri bw’abana kigomba kuba kimwe mu bigize igitutu cy’uburenganzira bw’abana." [30]
Judith Allen Heard
thumb|Judith Heard and Natasha Sinayobye Judith Allen Heard bakunze kwita Judith Heard (wavutse ku ya 13 Werurwe 1986) ni umunyamideli wo muri Uganda kandi wateguye ibirori. Yambitswe ikamba rya Miss Africa muri Miss Elite Awards 2021 avuye mu Misiri na Miss Environment International Africa 2022 i Mumbai, mu Buhinde.
Ubutrenganzira bw'abana
Ubushakashatsi
Komite ishinzwe ibinyabuzima byo mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Abanyamerika ryita ku bana (AAP) (1997), ishingiye ku Masezerano yerekeye uburenganzira bw’umwana (1989), yemeza ko "buri mwana agomba kugira amahirwe yo gukura no kwiteza imbere nta burwayi cyangwa ibikomere byakumirwa. "[31]
Ibindi
, kugura inzoga, gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina, cyangwa gukora akazi gahembwa. Mu muryango uharanira uburenganzira bw'urubyiruko, bemeza ko itandukaniro nyamukuru riri hagati y’uburenganzira bw’abana n’uburenganzira bw’urubyiruko ari uko abaharanira uburenganzira bw’abana muri rusange bashyigikira ishyirwaho n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’uburinzi bw’abana n’urubyiruko, mu gihe uburenganzira bw’urubyiruko (umuryango muto cyane) rushyigikira kwaguka y'ubwisanzure ku bana na / cyangwa urubyiruko n'uburenganzira nko gutora.
Judith Allen Heard
Amavu n'amavuko
Yavutse mu 1986 i Gulu, muri Uganda kugeza kuri John Musana  Judith yize mu ishuri ribanza Parents Primary School, Kigali Parents School, Ishuri ryisumbuye rya Fawe Girls Secondary School and later Ndera Secondary School in Kigali Rwanda.
Ubutrenganzira bw'abana
Ibindi
Ububasha bw'ababyeyi
Judith Allen Heard
Umwuga
Judith Heard nicyitegererezo kubwumwuga. Ashingiye ku ibyanditswe na Bryan Morel Publications, Judith yimukiye muri Uganda atangira gukorana n’isosiyete ikora imideli ya Sylivia Owori maze aba isura y’ikinyamakuru African Woman Magazine mu 2002. Yagiye mu nzira zitandukanye nko mu cyumweru cy’imyambarire ya New York,  cy’imyambarire ya Paris,. Muri Nzeri 2020, Judith Heard yatumiwe guhagararira Uganda mu marushanwa ya Miss Elite 2020 mu Misiri.
Ubutrenganzira bw'abana
Umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bw'ababyeyi
Ababyeyi bahabwa imbaraga zihagije zo gusohoza inshingano zabo ku mwana.
Ababyeyi bigira ingaruka mubuzima bwabana muburyo budasanzwe, kandi nkuruhare rwabo muburenganzira bwabana rugomba gutandukanywa muburyo runaka. Ibibazo by’umwihariko mu mibanire y’abana n’ababyeyi harimo kutita ku bana, guhohotera abana, umudendezo wo guhitamo, igihano cy’umubiri no kurera abana. [33] Hariho ibitekerezo byatanzwe biha ababyeyi ibikorwa bishingiye ku burenganzira bikemura amakimbirane hagati y’uburere rusange n’uburenganzira bw’abana. Iki kibazo kirakenewe cyane cyane mu manza zigira ingaruka ku irekurwa ry’abana bato, ndetse no mu gihe abana barega ababyeyi babo.
Uburenganzira bw'umwana ku mibanire n'ababyeyi babo bombi buragenda bumenyekana nk'ikintu gikomeye cyo kumenya inyungu z'umwana mu gutandukana no kurera abana. Guverinoma zimwe na zimwe zashyizeho amategeko ashyiraho igitekerezo kidashidikanywaho ko kurera abana ari inyungu z’abana.
Judith Allen Heard
Ubuzima bwite
Judith Heard yashakanye na Richard Heard mu 2003 baratandukana muri 2014. Ni nyina w'abana 3; Brandon Richard Yumvise, Branda Jolie Yumvise na Briana Bella Yumvise.
Ubutrenganzira bw'abana
Umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bw'ababyeyi
Imipaka yububasha bwababyeyi
Ababyeyi ntabwo bafite imbaraga zuzuye kubana babo. Ababyeyi bagengwa n'amategeko mpanabyaha abuza gutererana, guhohoterwa, no kutita ku bana. Amategeko mpuzamahanga y’uburenganzira bwa muntu ateganya ko kwerekana idini ry’umuntu bishobora kugarukira mu nyungu z’umutekano rusange, kurengera umutekano rusange, ubuzima cyangwa imyitwarire, cyangwa kurengera uburenganzira n’ubwisanzure by’abandi. [19] [38]
Judith Allen Heard
Ibindi wareba
Muri Gashyantare 2019, Judith yatangije umunsi wa mbere ku isi umuryango uharanira inyungu ushaka gukumira ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina no gufata ku ngufu mu bagore. Yakoranye nabana ba Sanyu murugo i Kampala.
Ubutrenganzira bw'abana
Umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bw'ababyeyi
Inkiko zashyizeho izindi mbibi kububasha nibikorwa byababyeyi. Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwo muri Amerika, mu rubanza rw'igikomangoma aburana na Massachusetts, rwemeje ko idini ry'ababyeyi ritemerera umwana gushyira mu kaga. Ba nyir'ubujurire mu Bisanzwe basanze, ku bijyanye na Gillick na West Norfolk na Wisbech Area Health Authority n'ikindi, ko uburenganzira bw'ababyeyi bugabanuka uko imyaka igenda yiyongera ndetse n'ubushobozi bw'umwana, ariko ntibicike burundu kugeza igihe umwana azaba ageze ku bwinshi. Uburenganzira bw'ababyeyi bukomoka ku nshingano z'ababyeyi ku mwana. Mugihe adafite inshingano, nta burenganzira bwababyeyi bubaho. [40] [41] Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwa Kanada rwemeje, ku byerekeye E (Madamu) na Eva, ko ababyeyi badashobora gutanga uburenganzira bwo gusambanya uburenganzira bwo kuboneza urubyaro. Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwa Kanada rwemeje, mu rubanza B. (R.) aburana na Sosiyete ifasha abana ba Metropolitan Toronto: [43]
Judith Allen Heard
Refarances
Ikiciro:Entertainment
Trade Union Centre of Workers of Rwanda
Trade Union Centre of Workers of Rwanda ni ikigo cy’igihugu cy’abakozi mu Rwanda. Yashinzwe muri 1985 nk'ikigo cyonyine cy'igihugu.
Kuva muri 1991 hashyirwaho gahunda ya politiki y'amashyaka menshi CESTRAR yatangaje ubwigenge bwa politiki.
Ubutrenganzira bw'abana
Umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bw'ababyeyi
Mu gihe nta gushidikanya ko abana bungukirwa n'Amasezerano, cyane cyane mu kurengera uburenganzira bwabo ku buzima no ku mutekano w'umuntu wabo, ntibashobora kwemeza ubwo burenganzira, kandi sosiyete yacu rero ivuga ko ababyeyi bazakoresha umudendezo wabo wo guhitamo mu buryo. ibyo bitabangamira uburenganzira bw'abana babo.
Trade Union Centre of Workers of Rwanda
CESTRAR ifatanije n’umuryango mpuzamahanga w’abakozi.
Ubutrenganzira bw'abana
Umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bw'ababyeyi
Kwimuka
Umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bwabana
Reba kandi: Igihe cyuburenganzira bwurubyiruko mubwongereza hamwe nigihe cyuburenganzira bwurubyiruko muriLeta zunz'ubumwe
Trade Union Centre of Workers of Rwanda
Ihuza ryo hanze
Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi
Ubutrenganzira bw'abana
Umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bwabana
Igitabo cyasohowe mu 1796 cy’uburenganzira bw’impinja cya Thomas Spence kiri mu byanditswe mbere y’icyongereza byerekana uburenganzira bw’abana. Mu kinyejana cya 20, abaharanira uburenganzira bw'abana bateguye uburenganzira bw'abana batagira aho baba ndetse n'uburere rusange. Igitabo 1927 cyasohowe n’uburenganzira bw’umwana cyubahwa na Janusz Korczak cyashimangiye ubuvanganzo bukikije umurima, kandi uyu munsi imiryango mpuzamahanga mpuzamahanga irakora ku isi hose mu rwego rwo guteza imbere uburenganzira bw’abana. Mu Bwongereza hashyizweho umuryango w’abashinzwe uburezi, abarimu, abashinzwe ubutabera mu rubyiruko, abanyapolitiki n’abaterankunga b’umuco witwa Ibitekerezo bishya mu nama y’uburezi [44] (1914–37) byashimangiye agaciro ko 'kubohora umwana' kandi bifasha mu gusobanura ishuri ryibanze 'ryiza' mu Bwongereza kugeza muri za 80. Inama zabo zashishikarije umuryango UNESCO, Uburezi bushya.
A.S. Igitabo cya Neill cyo mu 1915 cyitwa A Dominie's Log (1915), cyanditswe n’umuyobozi w’ishuri ahindura ishuri rye rishingiye ku kwibohora n’ibyishimo by’umwana, dushobora kubibona nkigicuruzwa cy’umuco cyishimira intwari z’uyu mutwe.
Abatavuga rumwe na leta
Kurwanya uburenganzira bw'abana kuva kera byerekana ko ibintu byose bigenda bigaragara muri sosiyete, hakaba haranditswe inyandiko zerekeye uburenganzira bw'abana bo mu kinyejana cya 13 na mbere yaho. Abatavuga rumwe n'uburenganzira bw'abana bemeza ko urubyiruko rugomba kurindwa isi ikuze, harimo ibyemezo n'inshingano by'iyo si. Muri societe yiganjemo abantu bakuru, ubwana bwifuzwa nkigihe cyo kuba umwere, igihe kitarangwamo inshingano namakimbirane, nigihe cyiganjemo gukina. Abenshi mu batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bakomoka ku mpungenge zishingiye ku busugire bw’igihugu, uburenganzira bw’ibihugu, umubano w’ababyeyi n’umwana. Haravuzwe kandi imbogamizi z’amafaranga n '"indangagaciro zishingiye ku muco gakondo zirwanya uburenganzira bw’abana". Igitekerezo cy’uburenganzira bw’abana nticyitabweho cyane muri Amerika.
Andi makuru: Gushimuta abana mpuzamahanga
Ingingo nyamukuru: Itangazo ryuburenganzira bwumwana
Itangazo mpuzamahanga ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu rifatwa nk’ifatizo ry’amategeko mpuzamahanga y’uburenganzira bw’abana muri iki gihe. Hano hari amasezerano menshi namategeko yerekeye uburenganzira bwabana kwisi yose. Inyandiko nyinshi ziriho n’amateka zigira ingaruka kuri ubwo burenganzira, harimo n’itangazo ry’uburenganzira bw’umwana, [11] ryateguwe na Eglantyne Jebb mu 1923, ryemejwe n’umuryango w’ibihugu mu 1924 kandi ryongera gushimangirwa mu 1934. Hafashwe icyemezo cyagutse gato. n'Umuryango w'Abibumbye mu 1946, hakurikiraho verisiyo yagutse yemejwe n'Inteko rusange mu 1959. Nyuma yaje kuba ishingiro ry'amasezerano yerekeye uburenganzira bw'umwana.
Amasezerano mpuzamahanga ku burenganzira bwa muntu
Umuryango w’abibumbye wemeje amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’uburenganzira bwa muntu n’ubwa politiki (ICCPR) mu 1966. ICCPR n’amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’ibihugu byinshi yemejwe cyangwa yemerwa n’ibihugu hafi ya byose ku isi. Ibihugu byahindutse ibihugu-by’amasezerano birasabwa kubahiriza no kubahiriza uburenganzira bwatanzwe n’amasezerano. Aya masezerano yatangiye gukurikizwa ku ya 23 Werurwe 1976. Uburenganzira bwatanzwe na ICCPR ni rusange, bityo bukoreshwa kuri buri wese nta kurobanura kandi harimo n'abana. Nubwo abana bafite uburenganzira bwose, uburenganzira bumwe nkuburenganzira bwo gushyingirwa nuburenganzira bwo gutora butangira gukurikizwa ari uko umwana amaze gukura.
Uburenganzira rusange bukoreshwa kubana harimo:
uburenganzira bwo kubaho
uburenganzira ku mutekano w'umuntu
uburenganzira bwo kwidegembya
uburenganzira bwo kwidegembya kubihohoterwa, ubumuntu cyangwa gutesha agaciro
uburenganzira bwo gutandukana n'abantu bakuru iyo bakurikiranyweho icyaha, uburenganzira bwo guca imanza vuba, n'uburenganzira bwo kuvurwa bujyanye n'imyaka yabo [19]
Ingingo ya 24 yerekana uburenganzira bw’umwana bwo kurindwa bidasanzwe kubera ubwinshi bwe, uburenganzira ku izina, n’uburenganzira ku bwenegihugu.
Amasezerano yerekeye uburenganzira bw’umwana
Amasezerano yerekeye uburenganzira bwumwana
Amasezerano y’umuryango w’abibumbye yo mu 1989 yerekeye uburenganzira bw’umwana, cyangwa CRC, ni cyo gitabo cya mbere cyemewe n'amategeko mu rwego rwo kwinjiza uburenganzira bwose bwa muntu - uburenganzira bw’abaturage, umuco, ubukungu, politiki ndetse n’imibereho. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo rikurikiranwa na komite ishinzwe uburenganzira bw'umwana. Guverinoma z'igihugu zemeza ko ziyemeje kurengera no guharanira uburenganzira bw'abana, kandi zemera ko zizabazwa ibyo ziyemeje imbere y'umuryango mpuzamahanga. CRC ni amasezerano yemejwe cyane n’uburenganzira bwa muntu yemejwe 196; Amerika nicyo gihugu cyonyine kitigeze kibyemeza. [53]
CRC ishingiye ku mahame ane y'ingenzi: ihame ryo kutavangura; inyungu z'umwana; uburenganzira bwo kubaho, kubaho no kwiteza imbere; no gusuzuma ibitekerezo byumwana mu byemezo bibareba, ukurikije imyaka yabo n'ubukure bwabo. CRC, hamwe n’uburyo mpuzamahanga bwo kubazwa ibyaha nk’urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha, inkiko za Yugosilaviya n’u Rwanda, n’urukiko rwihariye rwa Siyera Lewone, bivugwa ko byongereye cyane uburenganzira bw’abana ku isi hose. [55]
Itangazo rya Vienne na Gahunda y'ibikorwa
Itangazo na gahunda y'ibikorwa bya Vienne birasaba, mu gice cya II igika cya 47, ibihugu byose gufata ingamba ku buryo bushoboka bwose umutungo waboneka, ku nkunga y'ubutwererane mpuzamahanga, kugira ngo bigere ku ntego muri gahunda y'ibikorwa by'inama mpuzamahanga ku isi. Kandi irahamagarira ibihugu kwinjiza Amasezerano y’uburenganzira bw’umwana muri gahunda z’ibikorwa by’igihugu. Hifashishijwe iyi gahunda y'ibikorwa by'igihugu kandi binyuze mu mbaraga mpuzamahanga, hagomba gushyirwaho cyane cyane kugabanya umubare w'abana bapfa bapfa bavuka n'ababyeyi, kugabanya imirire mibi no kutamenya gusoma no kwandika no kubona amazi meza yo kunywa ndetse n'uburezi bw'ibanze. Igihe cyose byasabwe, hakwiye gutegurwa gahunda y’ibikorwa by’igihugu kugira ngo irwanye ibihe byihutirwa bituruka ku mpanuka kamere n’amakimbirane yitwaje intwaro ndetse n’ikibazo gikomeye kimwe cy’abana bafite ubukene bukabije. Ikindi, igika cya 48 kirasaba ibihugu byose, ku nkunga y’ubufatanye mpuzamahanga, gukemura ikibazo gikaze cy’abana mu bihe bigoye cyane. Gutoteza no guhohotera abana bigomba kurwanywa cyane, harimo no gukemura intandaro yabyo. Harasabwa ingamba zifatika zo kurwanya impinja z’umugore, imirimo mibi y’abana, kugurisha abana n’ingingo, uburaya bw’abana, porunogarafiya y’abana, n’ubundi buryo bwo gusambanya abana. Ibi byagize ingaruka ku iyemezwa rya Porotokole ku bushake ku ruhare rw’abana mu makimbirane yitwaje intwaro ndetse na protocole idahwitse ku igurishwa ry’abana, uburaya bw’abana na porunogarafiya y’abana.
Gushyira mu bikorwa
Imiryango itandukanye nuburyo bukoreshwa burahari kugirango uburenganzira bwabana bugerweho. Harimo Inteko ishinga amategeko y’umuryango w’abibumbye y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe uburenganzira bw’abana. Yashyizweho hagamijwe guteza imbere ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryuzuye no kubahiriza Amasezerano y’uburenganzira bw’umwana, no guharanira ko uburenganzira bw’umwana bwashyizwe imbere mu nama idasanzwe y’Inteko rusange y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe abana n’imyiteguro yayo. Akanama k'umuryango w’abibumbye gashinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu kashyizweho "twizeye ko hashobora kuba intego, kwizerwa no gukora neza mu kwamagana ihohoterwa ry'uburenganzira bwa muntu ku isi kuruta Komisiyo ishinzwe politiki y’uburenganzira bwa muntu." Itsinda ry’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta y’amasezerano y’uburenganzira bw’umwana ni ihuriro ry’imiryango mpuzamahanga itegamiye kuri Leta yashinzwe mu 1983 kugira ngo ryorohereze ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano y’umuryango w’abibumbye y’uburenganzira bw’umwana.
Amategeko y'igihugu
Ibihugu byinshi ku isi bifite uburenganzira bw’umuvunyi cyangwa abakomiseri b’abana bafite inshingano za leta, guhagararira inyungu z’abaturage mu gukora iperereza no gukemura ibibazo byatanzwe n’abaturage ku giti cyabo bijyanye n'uburenganzira bw'abana. Abavunyi b'abana barashobora kandi gukorera ikigo, ikinyamakuru, umuryango utegamiye kuri leta, ndetse no kubaturage muri rusange.
Amategeko ya Amerika
Andi makuru: Igihe cy’uburenganzira bw’urubyiruko muri Amerika, gushimuta abana mpuzamahanga muri Amerika, n’amategeko agenga imirimo mibi ikoreshwa abana muri Amerika.
Muri rusange abana bahabwa uburenganzira bw'ibanze bukubiye mu Itegeko Nshinga, nk'uko biteganywa n'ivugururwa rya cumi na kane ry'Itegeko Nshinga rya Amerika. Ingingo yo Kurinda Kuringaniza y'iryo vugurura ni ukurikizwa ku bana, bavutse mu bashakanye cyangwa batabyaye, ariko ukuyemo abana bataravuka. Ibi byashimangiwe nicyemezo cyingenzi cyurukiko rwikirenga rwo muri Amerika rwa In re Gault (1967). Muri uru rubanza Gerald Gault w'imyaka 15 wo muri Arizona yajyanywe gufungwa n’abapolisi baho nyuma yo gushinjwa guhamagara kuri telefoni iteye isoni. Yarafunzwe kandi yiyemeza mu ishuri ry’inganda rya Leta ya Arizona kugeza ageze ku myaka 21 azira guhamagara telefoni iteye isoni umuturanyi ukuze. Mu cyemezo cya 8–1, Urukiko rwemeje ko mu iburanisha rishobora kuvamo kwiyemeza ikigo, abantu bari munsi y’imyaka 18 bafite uburenganzira bwo kubimenyesha no kunganirwa, kubaza abatangabuhamya, no kwirinda kwikomeretsa. Urukiko rwasanze uburyo bwakoreshejwe mu iburanisha rya Gault butujuje na kimwe muri ibyo bisabwa.
Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwo muri Amerika rwemeje mu rubanza rwa Tinker aburana na Des Moines Akarere k'ishuri ryigenga ry’abaturage (1969) ko abanyeshuri biga bafite uburenganzira bw'Itegeko Nshinga.
Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwo muri Amerika rwemeje mu rubanza Roper aburana na Simmons ko abantu badashobora kwicwa bazira ibyaha byakozwe igihe bari munsi y’imyaka cumi n'umunani. Rwemeje ko iyicwa nk'iryo ari igihano cy'ubugome kandi kidasanzwe, bityo ni ukurenga ku Ivugurura rya munani ry'Itegeko Nshinga rya Amerika. [60]
Hariho izindi mpungenge muri Amerika zerekeye uburenganzira bw'abana. Ishuri Rikuru ry’Abanyamerika bashinzwe kurera abana ryita ku burenganzira bw’abana ku miryango itekanye, ishyigikiwe kandi ihamye. Umwanya wabo ku burenganzira bw'abana mu manza zo kurera uvuga ko, "abana bafite uburenganzira bwo kwishyira ukizana bushingiye ku itegeko nshinga mu kurengera imiryango yabo yashinzwe, uburenganzira nibura bungana, kandi twizera ko burenze, uburenganzira bw'abandi basaba 'gutunga' 'inyungu muri aba bana. " Ibindi bibazo byavuzwe mu guharanira uburenganzira bw’abana muri Amerika harimo uburenganzira bw’abana bwo kuzungura mu bashakanye bahuje ibitsina ndetse n’uburenganzira bwihariye ku rubyiruko.
Alain Gee
MUHIRE Guy Alain usanzwe uzwi nka Alain Gee ni umuyobozi wo kuramya mu itorero rya New Life Bible Church. Afite umugore bashyingiranwe witwa Lynca AKACU.
Ubuzima bw'ishuri
Afite impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza mu ishami ry'ibinyabuzima yakoreye muri kaminuza y'u Rwanda.
Ubuzima busanzwe
Alain akunda kuririmba no kwandika indirimbo.
Reba Aha
Ikiciro:Entertainment Ikiciro:Imyidagaduro Ikiciro:Iyobokamana
Ibyiciro Byubutaka
Incamake
Gutondekanya ubutaka ni ikintu gifite imbaraga, uhereye kumiterere ya sisitemu, kugeza kubisobanuro byamasomo, kugeza kubisabwa mumurima. Gutondekanya ubutaka birashobora kwegerwa ukurikije ubutaka nkibintu nubutaka nkibikoresho.
Ibyanditswe ku rusengero rwa Horus ahitwa Edfu byerekana ibyiciro byubutaka bwakoreshejwe na Tanen kugirango hamenyekane urusengero rwubaka ahazabera. Intiti za kera z'Abagereki zashyize mu byiciro zishingiye ku mico itandukanye y'ubutaka.
Ubwengeniyeri
Ba injeniyeri ba geotechnique bashyira mubutaka ukurikije imiterere yubuhanga bwabo nkuko bifitanye isano no gukoresha inkunga yishingiro cyangwa ibikoresho byubaka. Sisitemu yubuhanga bugezweho yashizweho kugirango yemere guhinduka byoroshye kuva kwitegereza kumurima kugera kubintu byibanze byubutaka bwubutaka nimyitwarire.
Sisitemu ikunze gutondekanya mubutaka muri Amerika ya ruguru ni Sisitemu ihuriweho n'ubutaka (USCS). USCS ifite amatsinda atatu yingenzi yo gutondekanya: (1) ubutaka bworoshye (urugero: umucanga na kaburimbo ); (2) ubutaka bwiza cyane (urugero: ibumba n'ibumba ); na (3) ubutaka kama cyane (byitwa " umutaka "). USCS iragabanya ibyiciro bitatu byingenzi byubutaka kugirango bisobanurwe. Itandukanya umucanga na kaburimbo nubunini bwingano, ishyira bamwe nka "amanota meza" naho ayandi "afite amanota mabi". Amashanyarazi n'ibumba bitandukanijwe nubutaka bwa Atterberg, bityo ubutaka bugabanywa mubutaka bwa "plastike nyinshi" na "plastike nkeya". Ubutaka buciriritse buringaniye bufatwa nkigabanywa ryumucyo nibumba kandi bitandukanijwe nubutaka budasanzwe nimihindagurikire yimiterere ya plastike (nimbibi za Atterberg) kumisha. Sisitemu yo gutondekanya ubutaka bwiburayi (ISO 14688) irasa cyane, itandukanye cyane cyane mukwandika no kongeramo "intera-plastike" hagati ya silitike nibumba, no muburyo burambuye.Ubundi buryo bwo gutondekanya ubutaka bwububiko muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika burimo sisitemu yo gutondekanya ubutaka bwa AASHTO, itondekanya ubutaka hamwe nuburinganire ugereranije nuburyo bukwiye bwo kubaka kaburimbo, hamwe na Modified Burmister sisitemu ikora kimwe na USCS ariko ikubiyemo code nyinshi kubutaka butandukanye bwubutaka.
Ubumenyi bw'ubutaka
thumb Kubutunzi bwubutaka, ubunararibonye bwerekanye ko sisitemu karemano yuburyo bwo gutondekanya, ni ukuvuga guteranya ubutaka kubintu byabo bwite ( morphologie yubutaka ), imyitwarire, cyangwa genesi, bivamo amasomo ashobora gusobanurwa kubintu byinshi bitandukanye. Gutandukanya imyumvire ya pedogenezi, no gutandukanya mubisobanuro byimiterere ya morphologique kumikoreshereze itandukanye yubutaka birashobora kugira ingaruka muburyo bwo gutondeka. Nubwo hari itandukaniro, muri sisitemu yubatswe neza, ibipimo ngenderwaho byerekana itsinda bisa kugirango ibisobanuro bidatandukanye cyane. Ibi bitandukanye nuburyo bwa tekiniki yuburyo bwo gutondekanya ubutaka, aho ubutaka buteranijwe hakurikijwe ubushobozi bwabwo bwo gukoresha bwihariye nibiranga edaphic.
References
Ikiciro:Ibidukikije
Umuhati
thumb|Umuhati thumb|Umuhati Umuhati ni igiti kigera kuri m 15 z'uburebure, umubyimba wa cm 25-35 z'umurambararo ufite amashami menshi mu bushori shori, hamwe n'inkovu z'amababi zigaragara mu gihe gihagaze cyonyine. amababi ya cyo arabyibushye kandi ni manini, amababi agaragara cyane icyatsi kibisi cyaka iyo amurutseho izuba, cyanga akagaragara nkama babi yi rose, imeze nkinkota,  ifashe kugeza kuri cm 130 zu burebure ndetse na cm 16 z'ubugari. Umuhati ugaragara neza iyo utondeka neza, indabyo nyinshi kugeza kuri cm 100 z'uburebure na cm 70-150 z'ubugari. indabyo za grenish z'umuhati yera kugeza kuri cm 1.5 z'uburebure imbuto imbuto zijimye zigera kuri cm 1,5 kugeza kuri 2 z'uburebure na 1.5. kugeza kuri cm 3 z'ubugari.
Huye: Bizihije umunsi w’Ibihugu bihuriye ku rurimi rw’Icyongereza batera ibiti
Abasaga 500 biganjemo urubyiruko, kuri uyu wa 11 Werurwe 2023, bakoze umuganda wo gutera ibiti mu ishyamba rikikije ishami rya Kaminuza y’u Rwanda ry’i Huye, rizwi ku izina rya Arboretum, mu rwego rwo kwizihiza umunsi w’Ibihugu bihuriye ku rurimi rw’Icyongereza (Commonwealth).
Ni ibiti bise ‘Ibiti by’uburambe’ (Seeds of Sustainability), nk’uko byavuzwe na Minisitiri w’Ibidukikije, Dr Jeanne d’Arc Mujawamariya.
Minisitiri Mujawamariya atera igiti Minisitiri Mujawamariya atera igiti Yaboneyeho gusaba Abanyarwanda bose ndetse n’urubyiruko muri rusange kugira uruhare mu kubungabunga ibidukikije.
Yunzemo ati “Iri shyamba dufata nk’igihaha cya Huye, iri shyamba rikorerwamo ubushakashatsi ku mbuto zitandukanye z’ibiti, dukomeze turibungabunge, turirinde twirinda, kuko u Rwanda rukwiye ibyiza.”
Urubyiruko rwitabiriye iki gikorwa cyo gutera igiti, rwatahanye umugambi wo kurushaho gutera ibiti no kubishishikariza bagenzi babo.
Eric Ruhamya Kamanzi wiga ibijyanye n’ubuhinzi muri IPRC-Huye yagize ati “Gutera igiti ni ukubungabunga ibidukikije, ni ukubaka igihugu. Njyewe ku giti cyanjye ngiye gukangurira abanyeshuri bagenzi banjye gutera ibiti, byaba ibisanzwe bikura bikaduha n’inkwi n’imbaho, byaba iby’imbuto biduha izo turya hanyuma tukagira ubuzima bwiza.”
Pascal Munyampenda wiga ibijyanye n’amategeko muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda, na we yiyemeje kuzana umusanzu we mu kongera ibiti mu Rwanda.
Urubyiruko rwari rwabukereye Urubyiruko rwari rwabukereye Yagize ati “Tugomba nibuze gusiga Isi imeze neza kurusha uko twayisanze, kugira ngo tuzakureho ingaruka nk’izo turi guhura na zo muri iki gihe z’ubushyuhe, inzara, n’ibindi bituruka ku ihindagurika ry’ibihe turi guhura na byo.”
Umunsi w’ibihugu bihuriye ku rurimi rw’Icyongereza ubundi wizihizwa ku itariki ya 13 Werurwe. Gutera igiti muri Arboretum ya Huye ni intangiriro y’ibikorwa byo kuwizihiza.
Ishyamba rya Arboretum ryongewemo ibiti, ryatewe mu 1933. Guhera muri 2015 ryitiriwe uwari umwamikazi w’igihugu cy’u Bwongereza, Elisabeth. Kuba ryaramwitiriwe ngo bifasha u Rwanda kubona ubufasha mu gukomeza kuribungabunga.
amashakiro
https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/huye-bizihije-umunsi-w-ibihugu-bihuriye-ku-rurimi-rw-icyongereza-batera-ibiti
Isano
Imibare.
Isano ryanyuma cyangwa <i id="mwHg">n</i> -ary isano ni n -ibisubizo. Ubwoko bwihariye bwimibanire burimo:
Isano ishobora kandi kwerekeza ku:
Sezame
thumb|sezame sezame birakize cyane mu myunyu ngugu. Manyeziyumu, ubutare, potasiyumu, Vitamines zo mu bwoko bwa A, B,C. Urugimbu rwa byo ni rwiza, bifite isukari nziza, n'inyubaka-mubiri ziri hagati ya 16-27%. Birakize mu byitwa soufre ishinzwe kwica uburozi buri mu maraso mu buryo rusange cyane cyane mu mwijima bitewe n'uko sezame n'ubunyobwa bikungahaye mu ntunga-mubiri, ni byiza kurya nkeya kuko zibaye nyinshi zaburagiza imyanya ishinzwe kunoza ibyo kurya. Mu ngano zisanzwe harimo inyubaka-mubiri 11,5%, umumero wa zo ukagira 28%.
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Ibidukikije Ikiciro:Ibiti Ikiciro:Imbuto Ikiciro:Ibiribwa
Marie-Josée Ta Lou
Umwuga
Ta Lou yabanje kwitoza gukina umupira w'amagurugusa aza guhindura akina umukino w'okwiruka abishishikarijwe na musaza we muri 2008. Yatorewe kuba umukinnyi w’umwaka wa Afurika w’umwaka wa 2015 n’ishyirahamwe rya komite z’imikino Olempike muri Afurika. Yize i Paris mu Bufaransa, yiga ubuvuzi muri Université d'Abobo-Adjamé muri Abidjan.
Ta Lou wakunda umupira wa maguru. Yakinnye ku ishuri yi gagaho, mu gace ka Koumassi, mu nkengero za Abidjan. U mandimwe we yarabyanze igihe itsinda ryabagore ryagerageje kumwinjiza muri bo, atinya ko azahinduka Akamera nka Bahungu. Inshuti z'inshuti ze zasabye ko niba mushiki we akunda siporo, agomba kwitabira siporo, kuko yari asanzwe akubita abahungu bo mu ishuri rye yiruka. Ku bw'amahirwe, Florence Olonade, ufite Umudali wa Kote Divuwari muri metro 100 muri  1988, yari umunyeshuri bigana na  Ta Lou, maze atumira Ta Lou ngo akore igeragezwa. Yatsinze abakobwa bitoreza muri Olonade mu kwiruka metero 200, yirukankaga ni birenge kandi atabonye umwanya wo kwitegura.
Mu ntangiriro, ntabwo yashoboraga kwitoza buri gihe, kubera ko yagombaga kwiga impamyabumenyi y'amashuri yisumbuye. Nyina na we yarabyanze, kubera ko yizeraga ko muri siporo harimo gushidikanya cyane, cyane cyane siporo y'abagore. Yashakaga ko Marie-Josée aba umuganga.
Ta Lou yahise atera imbere mu ikipe y'igihugu.
Mu mpera za Kamena 2007 yari mu ikipe ya Kote Divuwari miruka muri metero  4 × 100  yegukanye umudali wu muringa mu marushanwa ya Afurika y’iburengerazuba yabereye i Cotonou, muri Bénin. Nyuma yaje gukora ikipe ya Kote Divuwari mu marushanwa nyafurika y’abato yabereye i Wagadugu, Burkina Faso. Yarangijeatsinze muri metero 100, akoresheje amasegonda 13.21. Muri Nzeri 2007, yegukanye umwanya wa mbere mu rwego rw'igihugu muri metero 100 mu gihe cy'amasegonda 12.9.
Ta Lou yatangiye kwiga ubuvuzi nyuma yo kurangiza amashuri yisumbuye. Muri 2008, yatsindiye metero 100 na metero 200 muri shampiyona y'igihugu. Yabisubiyemo muri Shampiyona yigihugu ya 2009. Muri uwo mwaka, yarangije ari ku mwanya wa karindwi muri metero 200 muri Shampiyona y’Afurika y’iburengerazuba ya 2009 yabereye i Porto-Novo, muri Bénin, akoresheje 25.67 na masegonda 1.8. Kubera ko byari bigoye guhuza imyitozo ngororamubiri n'ishuri ry'ubuvuzi, yarahinduye ajya kwiga ibaruramari. Umutoza we, Florence Onolade, na we yatanze yara mukoresheje cyane, amwohereza nk'umukinnyi ukiri muto ufite ikizere ku mutoza ufite uburambe bwinshi, Jeannot Kouamé, kugira ngo Ta Lou atere imbere kurushaho.
Kuzamuka kare: 2010–2013
Mu mwaka wa 2010, Ta Lou yagize uruhare rwe rwa mbere ku ruhando mpuzamahanga, arangiza umwanya wa kabiri muri metero 100 mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga ya Gabriel Tiacoh yabereye i Abidjan mu gihe cy'amasegonda 12.10. Muri Kamena 2010, yongeye gutsinda metero 100 na 200 muri shampiyona y'igihugu. Yaje kwitabira amarushanwa akomeye muri Afurika, arangiza ku mwanya wa gatandatu muri kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza muri metero 100 akoresheje amasegonda 12.16. Yirutse kandi muri metero 200. Iyo mpeshyi irangiye, yahawe buruse yimyaka 4 ya siporo mu Bushinwa, n’ishyirahamwe ry’imikino ngororamubiri rya Kote Divuwari. Umutoza we, Jeannot Kouamé, yari yamushishikarije gusaba buruse, kubera ko yashoboraga kubona ubushobozi bwe ariko akumva ko atabishoboye aramutse agumye ku nkombe za Kote Divuwari.
Ta Lou na mugenzi we bakinanaga Wilfried Koffi (wabonye imidali nya Afrika inshuro ebyiri muri metero 100 na metero 200 muri 2014) bimukiye i Shanghai mu mpeshyi. Kubwamahirwe, buruse ntiyatsinzwe kuko amasomo yifuzaga kujyamo, physiotherapie, ntabwo yahawe abanyeshuri babanyamahanga kandi isomo ryonyine ryatangwaga kubanyeshuri bourse ni Mandarin. Abakinnyi b'abanyamahanga na bo bari bemerewe gusa kwitabira imikino ibanza y'imikino ngororamubiri.
Muri 2011, muri Kanama, yitabiriye imikino ya kaminuza y'isi yabereye i Shenzhen mu Bushinwa, muri metero 100 na 200. Yagize ibihe byizaakoresheje amasegonda 11.87 n'amasegonda 24.17. Yabaye kandi uwarangije mu mikino ibiri muri Afurika yabereye muri Mozambike. Yashyizeho agahigo muri metero100 akoresheje amasegonda 11.56
Muri 2012, yatsindiye umuringa muri Shampiyona nyafurika yabereye i Porto-Novo, muri Bénin muri metero 200 (23.44) no muri metero 4 × 100. Yabaye kandi uwa kane muri metero 100. Yashyizeho ibihe byiza muri kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza, amasegonda 23.26. Ibi bivuze kandi ko yageze ku rwego rwa B mu mikino Olempike. Yashyizwe mu ikipe ya Kote Divuwari ariko yimurwa igihe Murielle Ahouré yabonaga umwanya umujyana mu marushanwa.
Amarushanwa mpuzamahanga: 2013–2015
Muri 2013 yatsinze muri metero 100 na 200 muri Gabriel Tiacoh ari imbere y'imbaga y'iwabo i Abidjan. Yitabiriye imikino ya kaminuza yisi yabereye i Kazan muri Nyakanga, agera muri kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza muri metero 100 arangiza umunani ku mukino wa nyuma wa metero 200 akoresheje ibihe ccy'amasegonda 23.63. bitewe na n'Igihe yarwaye malariya, bivuze ko igihe cye cya 11.58 cyashyizwe mu nama ya Gabriel Tiacoh kizakomeza kuba cyiza muri shampiyona. Yakoraga guhuza imyitozo ngororamubiri n’amasomo ye muri Shanghai bityo muri Kanama, ahitamo gusubira muri Kote Divuwari.
Abahoze ari abatoza be, Onolade na Kouamé bamufashije kugerageza kwiyandikisha muri kimwe mu bigo byigisha imyitozo ngororamubiri muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba i Lomé muri Togo cyangwa Dakar  muri Senegali. Yashyizwe kurutonde rwabategereje gusiganwa. Umwanya wafunguwe mu gihe cyizuba igihe umukinnyi umwe yahisemo kutazafata umwanya wabo muri Senegali. Umutoza w'ikipe ya Dakar HPTC, Anthony Koffi, umutoza wa Amantle Montsho, yasunikiraga Ta Lou kuba umusimbura. Ta Lou yabonye umwanya we mu Kuboza 2013.
Amahugurwa mashya yatanze ibisubizo byihuse. Mu nama ya Gabriel Tiacoh, irushanwa rye rya mbere yakinnye na Ahouré kuva yimuka, yarangije ku mwanya wa kabiri n'ibihe byiza w'amasegonda 11.24. Yatsinze kandi metero 200 mu gihe cya masegonda 23.43. Yasinyanye kandi n’ikipe y’Abafaransa (Paris 'Stade Français) kugira ngo ashobore guhatanira umwanya w’imikino ngororamubiri mu Bufaransa. Muri Kanama 2013 yitabiriye amarushanwa ya Afurika muri Kanama i Marrakech. Muri metero 100 yegukanye umudari w'umuringa muri 11.20, Mugisha Okagbare adahari, yaje ku mwanya wa kabiri muri metero 200, ku giti cye akoresheje amasegonda 22.87, kwiruka kwe bwa mbere munsi yamasegonda 23. Yatsindiye undi mudali wa feza hamwe na metero 4 × 100.
Bitewe n'ibisubizo bye, yatoranijwe mu ikipe ya Afurika mu gikombe cya IAAF ku mugabane wa Nzeri, aho yaje ku mwanya wa kane muri metero 100 muri 11.28 na gatanu muri metero 200 muri 22.78, undi mudali ku giti cye.thumb| Ta Lou numudari we wa metero 200 muri silver mumikino yisi ya 2017 Nyuma y’umusaruro mwiza yagize muri 2014, yahawe buruse ya Solidarity olempike yo kwitegura imikino Olempike 2016. Yabonye kandi umufasha, umutaliyani Federico Rosa, wamufashije kubona umwanya we kumurongo wo gutangira mumikino mpuzamahanga. Ibi bivuze ko yashoboye kwitabira ibirori byinshi muri 2015, kugirango yitegure Shampiyona yisi muri uwo mwaka. Yirukanye metero 100 akoresha amasegonda 11.08 yatsindiye Dakar World Challenge muri Gicurasi 2015. Yatkoresheje ibihe byiza amasegonda 11.06 mu nama ya Paris Diamond League ku ya 4 Nyakanga, yinjiye bwa mbere muri Diamond League. Yirutse munsi yamasegonda 23 inshuro eshatu muri 2015. Umutoza we yashyizeho intego yo kugera muri kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza muri Shampiyona yisi. Yaratsinze, kandi ntiyabura gukora umukino wa nyuma, kuko yabaye uwa 3 muri kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza muri metero 100 na 200. Yashyizeho agahigo muri metero  100 ku masegonda 11.04. Yashyizeho igihe amasegonda 10.95 ariko ibyo byari birenze urugero rwo gufasha ubufasha. Muri metero 200, yakoresheje igihe nabi maze akoresha 22.73 kugirango atsinde irushawa, nubwo yirukanaga afite ubumenyi yahawe ni nshuti ye Cynthia Bolingo. Yirutse cyane muri kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza, 22.56, ariko ikibabaje ni amasegonda magana atatu ya gatatu ya kabiri mugihe gito cyo gushaka itike.
Muri iyo mikino nyafurika muri uwo mwaka, yatsindiye inshuro ebyiri, mu bihe byiza mugihe abo bakinana bombi Blessing Okagbare na Murielle Ahouré badahari. Muri metero 100, yirukanye umuntu mwiza hamwe nigihe gishya cyo gukina imikino ya 11.02. Yahawe igihembo cy'umukinnyi witwaye neza mu bagore mu mikino yo muri Afurika yose kandi ahabwa igihembo muri ANOC Awards i Washington mu Gushyingo.
Yitabiriye amarushanwa yo mu nzu yaberaga mu 2016. Yageze kumukino wanyuma ariko gutangira nabi kumukino wanyuma byatumye metero 60 zi mbi cyane muri bihe byose. Nyuma yaje mu ihuriro muri Doha Diamond League, amukomeretsa ibumoso kandi ajyanwa mu nzira n’abamurwanyaga. Imvune yamubujije imyitozo ukwezi. Yagarutse mu marushanwa muri Birmingham Diamond League ku ya 5 Kamena.
Godfrey Kateregga
Godfrey Kateregga (5 Gicurasi 1960 - 13 Werurwe 1999) yari rutahizamu wakinaga umupira w'amaguru wakiniye ikipe y'ihugu y'umupira w'amaguru ya Uganda.
Marie-Josée Ta Lou
Amarushanwa mpuzamahanga: 2013–2015
Yatangiye nabi muri metero 100 muri Monaco Diamond League ku ya 15 Nyakanga. Ligue ya Diamond League yagenze neza kuri Ta Lou, kuko yirutse 10.96, yerekeza mumutwe, inshuro ebyiri gutsinda metero 100.