cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Imokoda zikoresha Amashanyarazi
Politike yu Rwanda
Iyi niyo mpamvu muri iyi politike nshya u Rwanda rwihaye intego y’uko bizagera mu 2030, 20% by’imodoka zitwara abagenzi (buses) zikoresha amashanyarazi. Izi gahunda zo kunoza iyi politike nshya, u Rwanda ruri kuzifatanyamo na GGGI.
GGGI
Grobal Green Growth Institute (GGGI) yagiye itera inkunga ibikorwa bitandukanye biri muri iyi gahunda birimo ibijyanye no kubaka imijyi ibungabunga ibidukikije, gushyira uburyo bw’ingendo butifashisha ibinyabiziga bifite moteri, gushyiraho uduce tutemerewe kugendwamo n’ibinyabiziga tuzwi nka ‘Car Free Zone’ ndetse no kwimakaza imodoka na moto bikoresha amashanyarazi.
Iki Kigo cyakoze inyigo yaje kuvamo icyemezo cyo gushyira ku mihanda yo muri Kigali n’iyo mu yindi mijyi itandatu iyunganira utuyira tw’abanyamagare n’abanyamaguru, ndetse na gahunda yo gushyiraho amagare rusange ashobora gukoreshwa n’ubishatse mu Mujyi wa Kigali n’uwa Musanze, bikaba biteganyijwe ko vuba azagezwa no mu Mujyi wa Huye n’uwa Rubavu.
Squash
Umukino wa Squash ni umukino.
Imokoda zikoresha Amashanyarazi
Inyungu zirimo
Mu nyigo yakozwe na Guverinoma byagaragaye ko bizagera mu 2025 u Rwanda rumaze kuzigama arenga miliyari 20 Frw yajyaga agenda mu bikorwa byo gutumiza ibikomoka kuri peteroli mu mahanga. Imibare yerekana ko mu 2008 mu bicuruzwa u Rwanda rwatumizaga mu mahanga, ibikomoka kuri peteroli byari byihariye 3,3%. Mu 2008 iri janisha ryaje kuzamuka rigera kuri 8,1%, byageze mu 2014 ibikomoka kuri peteroli byihariye 19,5% by’ibyo u Rwanda rutumiza mu mahanga. Mu 2019 iri janisha ryari kuri 16,7%.
Imibare ya The Observatory of Economic Complexity (OEC) igaragaza kandi ko ibikomoka kuri peteroli ari bimwe mu bicuruzwa u Rwanda rukenera cyane kandi rukabishoramo akayabo, nk’aho nibura buri mwaka miliyoni 411$, amafaranga ari hejuru y’ayo rushora mu kugura imiti. Imibare y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Imisoro n’Amahoro igaragaza ko kuva mu 2018 imodoka 150 zikoresha amashanyarazi zinjiye mu Rwanda. Umubare wazo wiyongera cyane guhera mu 2021 bijyanye n’uko leta yari imaze koroshya uburyo bwo kuzitunga, binyuze mu kuzikuriraho imwe mu misoro.
Reba
Ikiciro:Imodoka Ikiciro:Ibidukikije
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro ni umujyi w'u Burezile. center|thumb|320x320px|Brasil
Sinizite
thumb|Sinizite Indwara ya Sinizite cyangwa Sinisiti ni indwara.
Isonga
thumb|Isonga Isonga (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini Ocimum americanum) ni ikimera.
Sandy the Seal
Sandy the Seal ni film yumuryango w'ubwongereza mu 1965 iyobowe na Robert Lynn ikinwamo na Heinz Drache, Marianne Koch na Gert Van den Bergh. Iyi filime yakozwe kandi afatanije na Harry Alan Towers, yafatiwe amashusho muri Afurika yepfo muri Technicolor na Techniscope II hamwe n’uruhererekane rwakorewe ku kirwa cya Seal, muri Afurika yepfo. Iyi filime yasohotse mu Bwongereza na Tigon British Film Productions mu 1969.
Umugambi
Umuzamu w'amatara asanga kashe yakomeretse yasizwe na ba rushimusi. Azana kashe k'umugore we n'abana babiri biga inshingano bareba kashe bise Sandy. Sandy aherekeza abana mubyababayeho no mubikorwa byabo maze avumbura ubwato bwaba rushimusi ba kashe bateganya gusubira ku kirwa cy'umucyo kubutaka bw'agaciro.
references
Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Afurika y’Epfo
Kosovo
thumb|Kosovo Kosovo (izina mu kinyalubaniya : Republika e Kosovës ; izina mu kinyaseribiya : Република Косово ; izina mu gituruki : Kosova Cumhuriyeti ) n’igihugu mu Burayi.
Coast of Skeletons
Coast of Skeletons ni filime yo kwidagadura yo mu Bwongereza na Afurika yo mu 1965, iyobowe na Robert Lynn ikinwamo na Richard Todd na Dale Robertson. Ni urukurikirane rwa filime yo mu 1963 y’urupfu ku Ruzi, kandi kimwe n’iyo filime, ikoresha abantu bavugwa mu gitabo cya Edgar Wallace cyo mu 1911 cyitwa Sanders of the River na Zoltán Korda yo muri 1935 ishingiye kuri roman, ariko igashyirwa mu inkuru itandukanye rwose. Coast of Skeletons yarekuwe mubudage nka Sanders und das Schiff des Todes / Sanders hamwe nubwato bwurupfu.
Nyuma y'ubwigenge, ubukoloni bw’Abongereza butavuzwe izina aho Komiseri Harry Sanders amaze imyaka myinshi akorera yirukanywe n'abapolisi b’Ubwongereza. Sanders rero asubira i Londres, aho yahise abona akazi mu isosiyete y'ubwishingizi, ishaka ko yakurikirana umushinga wo gucukura diyama mu mazi magari yo muri Afurika y'Epfo.
references
Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Afurika y’Epfo
Niyitanga Jean
thumb|Niyitanga Jean avuka mu karere ka Musanze. Niyitanga Jean uzwi ku izina rya The great sophisticated cyagwa kuri best in perfects. akaba yaravutse mu mwaka w1999, akaba ari umwana wa gatandatu mu muryango wabana 12 avukana nabo. akaba abana n'ababyeyi be mu mugi wa musanze rwagati akaba ari naho yabarizwaga mbere yo mu mwaka wa 2017.
Titus Ssematimba
Titus Ssematimba (wavutse 15 Kanama 2003) Ni umukinnyi ukina umupira w'amaguru ukomoka muri Uganda, ukinira Wakiso Giants FC muri Premier League ya Uganda ndetse n'ikipe yigihugu ya Uganda nku mukinnyi wo hagati wataka i zamu. Muri Shampiyona yo muri 2022 muri CECAFA mu bataewnge imyaka 20 yabereye, muri Sudani, Ssematimba yagizwe umukinnyi w’iri rushanwa.
Umwuga
Muri Nzeri 2021, Ssematimba yamuritswe muri Wakiso Giants FC avuye mu karere ka Black Star FC mu karere ka Kampala. Ku ya 3 Ugushyingo 2021, yatangiye gukinira ikipe ye ya Wakiso Giants FC ubwo yoherezwaga muri SC Villa ibitego 3-1 mu kigo cy’imyidagaduro cya Kavumba aho yatsindiye umupira muri uwo mukino.
Uganda U20
Ssematimba yakiniye Uganda yabatarengeje imyaka 20 mu gikombe cyo muri 2022 uri CECAFA  yabataregeje 20 cyabereye yo muri Sudani muri 2022. Yatangiye bwa mbere ku ya 29 Ukwakira 2022, ahanganye na Tanzaniya abatarengeje 20 kuri Stade ya Al-Hilal, Omdurman.
Ikipe y'igihugu ya Uganda
Ku ya 21 Nzeri 2022, Ssematimba yerekeje bwa mbere muri Uganda mu marushanwa ya Tri-national yakininye na Uganda.
Irebenet.com
thumb|internet thumb|irebenet.com ni website yakorewe mu rwanda kandi ikaba inatangaza inkuru ziri mu kinyarwanda irebenet.com ni website yakorewe mu rwanda kandi ikaba inatangaza inkuru ziri mu kinyarwanda. iyi website yakozwe numuntu bita Niyitanga Jean muri bibiri na cumi na gatanu (2015). irebenet.com ni website yubatswe ku buryo bugoye kuko yatangiye gukorwa na Niyitanga wenyine.gusa yaje kunjyenda yongeramo abakozi bitewe nuko yari afite akazi kenshi ko gukora; kuko uko bwije nuko bukeye niko icyari igitekerezo cyo kwandika inkuru; cyagiye cyaguka atangira gukora online marketing; nyuma nko mu mwaka w2017 yaje gukora sistemu ya kaminuza yigagamo(university of Rwanda nyarugenge campus) y'itumanaho;nyuma yaho gato mu ntangiriro zumwaka w2018 nibwo yaje gukora indi system yo kwamamaza akoresheje imikino ikinirwa ku mafoto, akaba ari nawe wahanze  ubu buryo bwo kwamamaza ku isi yose. mu mwaka w2015 yigaga mu mwaka wa 5 mu mashuli yisumbuye mu ishami rya MPC mu kigo kiba i kanombe mu mugi wa kigali cyitwa efotec;akaba ari nabwo yashyize hanze urubuga rwe; yaje kurangiza mu w2016, atsinda neza kuburyo bamuhauye buruse yo kwiga muri kaminuza muri 2017/2018.
Abamasayi
thumb|Gukirana Abamaasai ( /m ɑː s aɪ, m ɑː s aɪ / )  ni  ubwoko bw' abanilotic batuye mu majyaruguru, hagati no mu majyepfo ya  Kenya no mu  thumb|Abamasayi bo muri ple Tanzania majyaruguru ya Tanzania. Bari mu baturage bazwi cyane ku rwego mpuzamahanga kubera aho batuye hafi ya parike nyinshi z’imikino yo mu biyaga bigari bya Afurika, n'imigenzo yabo n'imyambarire yabo. Abamasyai bavuga ururimi rwa Maa (ɔl Maa), rumwe mu zigize umuryango w’ururimi rwa Nilotic ufitanye isano n’indimi za Dinka, Kalenjin na Nuer. Usibye abasaza bamwe baba mu cyaro, abamasayi benshi bavuga indimi zemewe za Kenya na Tanzaniya, Igiswahiri n'Icyongereza. Abamasayi ibarura ryo muri 2019 ryagaragaje ko muri Kenya bangana na 1.189.522, ugereranyije ni 377.089 mw ibarura ryo 1989.
leta za Tanzania na Kenya byatangije gahunda yo gushishikariza abamasayi kureka gakondo yabo ubuzima burangwa no guhora bimuka, ariko aba bakomeje  imigenzo yabo yacyera. Amoko menshi ya abamasayi muri Tanzaniya na Kenya yishimira kwakira abashyitsi mu midugudu yabo kugira ngo bamenye umuco wabo, imigenzo, n'imibereho yabo, kugira ngo babone amafaranga.
Amateka
Abamasayi batuye mu karere k'ibiyaga bigari bya Afurika bahageze banyuze muri Sudani y'Amajyepfo. Benshi mu bavuga ururimi rwa Nilotic muri kariya gace, barimo abamasayi, abaTurkana na abaKalenjin, ni abashumba, kandi bazwiho igitinyiro cyane kubera ubushobozi bwabo bwo kuba indwanyi no gukirana n' amatungo. abamasayi n'andi matsinda yo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba bakiriye imigenzo n'imico bivuye mu matsinda aturanye nabo avuga ururimi   rwigi Cushitike, harimo gahunda yo gushyiraho imyaka y'amashyirahamwe mbonezamubano, gukebwa, n imvugo.
Inkomoko, kwimuka no kwivanga nandi moko
Dukurikije amateka yabo yajyiye ahererekanwa mu mvugo, Abamasayi bakomotse mu kibaya cyo hepfo ya Nili mu majyaruguru y’ikiyaga cya Turkana (mu majyaruguru y’Uburengerazuba bwa Kenya) maze batangira kwimukira mu majyepfo ahagana mu kinyejana cya 15, bagera mu gice kinini cy’ubutaka buva mu majyaruguru y' icyahoze ari Kenya kugeza ubu kikaba ari Tanzaniya hagati yikinyejana cya 17 na nyuma yikinyejana cya 18. Amoko menshi yari yaramaze gushinga imidugudu muri kariya karere yimuwe ku gahato n' Abamasayi bari bahagezee,  mugihe abandi, cyane cyane amatsinda y’Abashushitike bo mumajyepfo, yinjiye mu muryango w' Abamasayi. Abakurambere ba Nilotic baba Kalenjin nabo bakiriye bamwe mubaturage baba Cushitike.
Gutura muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba
thumb|Masayi Ifasi y' Abamasayi yageze ku bunini bwayo bushoboka hagati mu kinyejana cya 19,yaragendaga ikajyera mu kibaya kinini cya Rift ndetse n’ubutaka bwari buteganye nacyo ku musozi wa Marsabit mu majyaruguru kugera i Dodoma mu majyepfo. Muri iki gihe, Abamasayi, kimwe n'itsinda rinini ry' aba Nilotic bose babaga aho, borora inka kuva iburasirazuba ukajyenda ukagera ku nkombe za Tanga muri Tanganyika (ubu ni muri Tanzaniya). ibisambo byakoreshaga amacumu n'ingabo, ariko byari bitinyitse cyane kubera byari bizi gutera amacumu (orinka) byashoboraga kuyaterara muri metero 100 agahamya ku ntego. Mu 1852, hari raporo ivuga ko abarwanyi 800 b' abamasayi berekeje muri Kenya yubu. Mu 1857, nyuma yo kwuva mu "butayu bwa Wakuafi" mu cyahoze ari mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Kenya, abarwanyi babamasayi basatiriye Mombasa ku nkombe za Kenya. Kubera kwimuka, abamasayi ni bo bavuga cyane ururimi rw' abanyaNilotic yepfo. Igihe cyo kwaguka cyakurikiwe na Maasai "Emutai" yo mu 1883–1902. Iki gihe cyaranzwe n ibyorezo nka contegious bovine pleuropneumonia, rinderpest (reba 1890 African rinderpest epizootic ), n'ubushita. Ikigereranyo cyashyizwe ahagaragara bwa mbere n’umu liyetona w’umudage mu cyahoze ari amajyaruguru y’iburengerazuba bwa Tanganyika, ni uko 90% by’inka na kimwe cya kabiri cy’inyamaswa zo mu gasozi zazize rinderpest. Abaganga b'Abadage bo muri ako gace bavuze ko "buri segonda" umunyafurika yazanaga ibidomo kwisura biturutse k' ubushita. Iki gihe cyahuriranye n’amapfa. Mu 1897 na 1898 imvura yarabuze burundu.
Umushakashatsi wo muri Ositarariya Oscar Baumann ubutaka bw' abamasayi hagati y' 1891 ni 1893, maze asobanura ugutura kw' abamasayi mu gace ka Ngorongoro mu gitabo cyo 1894 cyitwa Durch Massailand zur Nilquelle ("through the lands of massai to the source of Nile"): " Hari abagore bashizemo ari amagufwa yanamye gusa mumaso yabo yuzuye inzara igaragara ... abarwanyi no gukururuka ntibabishoboraga, hamwe nabasaza bintejye nke batagifite na kimwe bitayeho. Ibisiga byinshi byabakurikiranye kuva hejuru, bategereje abahohotewe. " Ugereranyije, bibiri bya gatatu by' abamasayi bapfuye muri iki gihe.
Guhera ku masezerano yo mu 1904, akurikirwa n'andi yo mu 1911, ubutaka bwa abamasayi muri Kenya bwagabanutseho 60% igihe Abongereza babirukanaga kugira ngo babone aho bubakira abimukira, nyuma babashyira ahitwa samburu Samburu, Laikipia, Kajiado n' Uturere twa Narok. abamasayi muri Tanganyika (ubu ni Tanzaniya) bimuwe mu butaka burumbuka hagati y'umusozi wa Meru n'umusozi wa Kilimanjaro, ndetse n'imisozi miremire irumbuka hafi ya Ngorongoro mu myaka y' 1940. bambuwe ubutaka bwinshi bujyirwa ibyanya byo kubungabunga ibinyabuzima  na parike z’igihugu: Parike y’igihugu ya Amboseli, Parike ya Nairobi, Maasai Mara, Ikigo cy’igihugu cya Samburu, Pariki y’ikiyaga cya Nakuru na Tsavo muri Kenya; n'ikiyaga cya Manyara, Agace ko kubungabunga ibinyabuzima ka Ngorongoro, Tarangire  na Parike y'igihugu ya Serengeti ahahoze ari Tanzaniya.
abamasayi ni aborozi kandi banze icyifuzo cya guverinoma ya Tanzaniya na Kenya cyo kubahindurira ubuzima. Basabye uburenganzira bwo kuragirira muri parike nyinshi z’igihugu mu bihugu byombi.
Abamasayi barwanyije ubucakara kandi babana ninyamaswa nyinshi zo mu gasozi ntabwo bahiga cyangwa ngo barye inyoni. Ubutaka bw' abamasayi ubu bufite uduce twiza two guhingiramo muri Afrika yuburasirazuba. Umuryango w' abamasayii ntiwigeze wihanganira igurishwa ry' abantu, kandi abantu bashakaga abacakara birinze abamasayi.
Mubyukuri hari imirenge makumyabiri n' ibiri cyangwa amoko mato yumuryango w' abamasayi, buri umwe ufite imigenzo, isura, ubuyobozi n'imvugo yawo. Iyi mitwe izwi ku izina ry' 'ishyanga' cyangwa 'iloshon' mu rurimi rwa Maa: aba Keekonyokie, Damat, Purko, Wuasinkishu, Siria, Laitayiok, Loitai, Kisonko, Matapato, Dalalekutuk, Loodokolani, Kaputiei, Moitanik, Ilkirasha, Samburu Laikipia, Loitokitoki, Larusa, Salei, Sirinket na Parakuyo.
jenetike
thumb|masayi Iterambere ryagezweho mu isesengura rishingiye kuri jenetike ryafashije mu kumenya iremwa ry'amok yabamasayi. jenetike ishingiye ku bisekuruza, igikoresho gikoresha gene z'abaturage b' ubu kugirango bakurikirane ubwoko bwabo n’ igice cy' Isi bakomokamo, byafashije kandi gusobanura ahahise h' abamasayi bubu.
ADN ya Autosomal
ADN ya autosomal y' abamasayi yasuzumwe mubushakashatsi bwuzuye bwakozwe na Tishkoff n'abandi. (2009) mu kujyereranya jenetike y' abaturage batandukanye bo muri Afurika. Nk’uko abanditsi b’ubwo bushakashatsi babitangaza ngo abamasyi "bagumyek' umuco wabo imbere y’iterambere ryinshi ry imiterere y ibinyabuzima". Tishkoff n'abandi beerekanye kandi ko: "Benshi mu baturage bavuga ururimi rwa Nilo-Sahara muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, nk' abamasayi, berekana imirimo myinshi iva muri Nilo-Sahara [...] na Cushitike [. . . ] AACs, hajyendewe ku bimenyetso by' indimi kenshi abaNilotic b' injije Abanyakushi kuva mu myaka 3000 ishize kandi ku kigero cyo  hejuru bahuje imihindagurikire y' umubiri yabanyafurica y' iburasirazuba yo kwihanganira ikinyabutabire cyo mu mata cyitwa lactose. "
Y-DNA
Ubushakashatsi kuri Y chromosome  bw' akozwe na Wood et al. (2005).ku baturage batandukanye bo munsi y' ubutayu bwa sahara,harimo abamasayi 26 b' abagabo bo muri kenya bapima amasano y' ibisekuruza by' ababyeyi babagabo. Abanditsi barebeye hamwe haplogroup (amatsinda y' abantu bahuje igisekuruza) E1b1b -M35 (ntabwo M78) muri 35% y' abamasayi bapimwe,. E1b1b-M35-M78 muri 15%, abakurambere babo higanjemo abagabo benshi bo majyaruguru ya Cushitike,  babayeho hashize imyaka irenga 13 000. Igisekuru cya kabiri cyakanza cyane mubamasyi ni Haplogroup A3b2, ikunze kuboneka mu baturage ba baNilotic, nka Alur ;  byagaragaye muri 27% by'abagabo ba abamasayii. Ikimenyetso cya gatatu cy iganza cyane ku turemanyjingo ADN kubabyeyi babagabo mu bamasayi ni E1b1a1-M2 (E-P1), ikunze kugaragara cyane mu karere ka Sahara; yabonetse muri 12% by' ibipimo byafashwe mu bamasayi. Haplogroup B-M60 yagaragaye mu bamasayi 8%, nayo iboneka muri 30% (16/53) yabanyaNilote bo muri Sudani y'Amajyepfo.
ADN ya mitochondial
Nkurikije ubushakashatsi bwa mtDNA bwakozwe na Castri n'abandi. (2008), hapimwe abamasayi muri Kenya, mu gisekuruza cy' ababyeyi babagore babamasayi basanze harimo uruvangitirane cyane, ariko nta tandukaniro rinini nandi moko y' abaturage babaNilo-Hamitic mu karere, nkaba Samburu .mu bamasayi benshi bapimwe bari abo mu matsinda atandukanye ya macro-haplogroup L sub-clade, harimo L0, L2, L3, L4 na L5. tumwe mu turemanjyingo tw' ababyeyi babagore duturuka muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru n'Amajyaruguru y'Uburasirazuba natwo baratubonye, cyane cyane ko hari ubwoko bw' ijyisekuruza mtDNA haplogroup M hafi ya 12.5% by'ibipimo byafashwe muba masayii.
Umuco
Umuryango w' abamasayi umugabo niwe uba ari umutware muri kamere, aho nabasaza, rimwe na rimwe bifatanya nabasaza bacyuye igihe, bagahitamo ibikorwa byingenzi kuri buri tsinda rya abamasayi. Imbumbe y' amategeko nyamvugo akubiyemo ingingo nyinshi z' imyitwarire. ntabwo bizwi niba hari igihano cyo kwicwa bajyira, kandi mubisanzwe kwishyura inka nibyo bicyemura amakimbirane. Inzira yo hanze yurukiko nayo irakoreshwa yitwa amitu, 'gushaka amahoro' birimo gusaba imbabazi. basenga imana imwe yitwa Enkai cyangwa Engai. Engai ifite kamere ebyiri: Engai Narok (Imana Yirabura) ni umugwaneza, naho Engai Na-nyokie (Imana Itukura) n iman y' ihorera. Hariho kandi inkingi ebyiri za societe ya abamasayi: Oodo Mongi, Inka itukura na Orok Kiteng, Inka yumukara igabanijwemo imiryango itanu cyangwa. abamasayi kandi bajyira inyamaswa baziririza, ikaba ntare; ariko, iyo nyamaswa ishobora kwicwa. Uburyo abamasyi bica intare butandukanye no guhiga hagamijwe kwishimisha kuko bikoreshwa mumihango yo kuva mu cyiciro cyimwe ujya mukindi. "Umusozi w'Imana", Ol Doinyo Lengai, uherereye mu majyaruguru ya Tanzaniya kandi ushobora kuwubona uri ku kiyaga cya Natron mu majyepfo ya Kenya. Umukuru mu myizerere ya kiMasayi ni laibon mu nshingano ze harimo ubuvuzi bwa gihanga, kuragura no guhanura, no kwemeza intsinzi mu ntambara cyangwa imvura ihagije. Uyu munsi, bafite uruhare rwa politiki rwiyonger kuri izo nshingano zindi kimwe kubera abayobozi. Imbaraga zose laibon yarafite zari zishingiye ku oko yabaga ateye ku giti cye aho gushingira kuri uwo mwanya. Benshi mu bamasayi bayobotse ubukristu nubuyisilamu. abamasayi kujyira  imitako itoroshye kandi mu myaka mirongo, bagurishije uwo mutungo kuri  ba mukerarugendo nkubucuruzi. Umubare wo hejuru w’impfu z’abana mu bamasayi watumye abana batamenyekana rwose kugeza bageze ku mezi 3 ilapaitin. Kwigisha abagore ba bamasayi gukoresha amavuriro n'ibitaro mugihe batwite byatumye impinja nyinshi zibaho.cyeretse mu bice biri kure cyane. Ku bamasayi kubaho ubuzima gakondo, iherezo ryubuzima usanga rwose nta mihango, kandi abapfuye babarecyera aho bakaribwa n' inkongoro. Umurambo wanzwe n' inkongoro ufatwa nkaho ufite imiziro, kandi ufatwa nk' uwateza umwaku; kubwibyo rero,nibisanzwe ko imibiri itwikirwa ibinure n'amaraso bivuye ku kimasa cya kinjwe. Gushyingura mu bihe byashize byahariwe abatware bakomeye, kubera ko bakekaga ko byangiza ubutaka.
Imibereho gakondo y' abamasayi ishingiye ku nka nka, zikaba ariyo soko yabo yibanze yibiryo. Ubutunzi bwumugabo bupimirwa ku nka nabana afite. Ubushyo bwinka 50 burubahwa, kandi uko abana baba benshi nibyiza. Umugabo ufite kimwe muri ibi akabura ikindi afatwa nkumucyene. Imyizerere ishingiye ku idini ya' abamasayi ivuga ko Imana yabahaye inka zose zo ku isi, biganisha ku myizerere ivuga ko gushimuta inka mu yandi moko ari uburyo bwo kwisubiza ibyabo mu nzira ziciye mu mucyo, ariko uyu umuco ntabwo umenyerewe cyane.
Ingaruka zituruka ku mico yo hanze
Imibereho gakondo yubushumba yarushijeho kuba ingorabahizi kubera gukururwa n' ibijyezweho. Inyandiko ya Garrett Hardin, igaragaza "ibyago bya rubanda rugufi bitewe nubugugu bwa bamwe", ndetse na " cattle complex" ya Melville Herskovits byafashije abashakashatsi ku bidukikije ndetse n’abafata ibyemezo ku byerekeye ingaruka mbi abashumba ba abamasayi bateza akarere ka savannah. Iki gitekerezo cyaje kugaragara ko ari ibinyoma n’abahanga mu bumenyi bwa muntu ariko kiracyashinze imizi mu bitekerezo by’ abashakashatsi mu bidukikije ndetse n’abayobozi ba Tanzaniya. Ibi byatumye abafata ibyemezo b’abakoloni babongereza mu 1951 bakura abamasayi bose muri parike y’igihugu ya Serengeti nuko babashyira mu turere two mu gace ka Ngorongoro conservation area (NCA). Gahunda ya NCA yari iyo gushyira inyungu zabamasayi hejuru y'ibindi byose, ariko iri sezerano ntiryigeze ryuzuzwa. Ikwirakwizwa rya virusi itera SIDA ryari ryinshi.
Bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'abaturage babamasayii, gutakaza umubare w'inka bitewe n indwara, no kubura aho kuziragira kubera imbibi nshya za parike ndetse no gutura mu midugudu no guhinga kw'andi moko, abamasayi bahatiwe guteza imbere uburyo bushya bwo kwibeshaho. Benshi muri bo batangiye guhinga ibigori nibindi bihingwa kugirango babeho, igikorwa bafataga nabi mu muco wabo. Guhinga byatangijwe bwa mbere mu bamasayi n’abagore ba bWaArusha na bWaMeru bimuwe mu byabo bashakanye n’abagabo babamasayi; ibisekuru byakurikiyeho byabayeho ubuzima bwo guhinga no korora. Imibereho yabo yarushijeho kugorana, mu 1975 Ngorongoro conservation area yabujije ibikorwa byo guhinga. Kugirango babeho bahatirwa kugira uruhare mu bukungu bw'amafaranga ya Tanzaniya. Bagombaga kugurisha amatungo yabo n'imiti gakondo kugirango bagure ibiryo. Kubuza guhinga byavanyweho mu 1992 kandi guhinga byongeye kuba igice cyingenzi mu mibereho ya abamasayi. Imipaka ya parike no kwegurira abikorera ku giti cyabo ubutaka byakomeje kugabanya aho barajyira,Byatumye bahinduka cyane.
Mu myaka yashize, imishinga myinshi yatangiye gufasha abayobozi b'imiryango yaabamasayi kubona uburyo bwo kubungabunga imigenzo yabo ndetse ikanahuza uburezi bw'abana babo kubw' isi ya none.
Ubwoko bushya bw' imirimo mu baturage babamasayi burimo ubuhinzi, ubucuruzi (kugurisha imiti gakondo, resitora / amaduka, kugura no kugurisha amabuye y'agaciro, kugurisha amata n' ibiyakimokaho, kudoda imitako), n' akazi k' umushahara (nk'abashinzwe umutekano / abita kubakiriya, abayobora ba mukerarugendo), n'abandi bakora ibikorwa bya leta n'abikorera.
Abamasayi benshi bavuye mu buzima bwo guhora bimuka bajya mu myanya y' ubucuruzi no muri guverinoma. Nyamara nubwo ubuzima bwo mu mijyi bugoye bashobora kuyobora, benshi bazishimira kwerekeza murugo bambaye imyenda idoze, gusa bazava murugo mu mwambaro gakondo bita shuka (umwenda wamabara), inkweto za sandari kandi bitwaje inkoni (o-rinka ) - bayakiriye. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">]
Imibanire mu muryango mugari
Igice nyamukuru cy' umuryango mugari w' abamasayi kumyaka umuntu aba afite. Abahungu bato boherezwa hamwe ninyana nintama vuba bishoboka, ariko ubwana bwabahungu ahanini babumara bakina, usibye imihango bakora kugirango bagerageze ubutwari no kwihangana byabo. Abakobwa bashinzwe imirimo nko guteka no gukama, ubuhanga bigira kuri ba nyina bakiri bato. Buri myaka 15 cyangwa irenga, hatangizwa ikiragano gishya cyaba Morans cyangwa Il-murran (abarwanyi). Haba harimo abahungu benshi bari hagati yimyaka 12 na 25, bageze mubugimbi kandi bagomba kuba batari bari mukiragano gishize. Umuhango umwe wo kuva mubuhungu ujya kumurwanyi muto ni umuhango wo gukebwa bikorwa nta kinya. Muri iki gihe cya none, abahungu batuye hafi yimijyi hamwe nabaganga bashobora kwitabira iyi mihango batekanye, ariko nyamara nta nyinya babatera nubundi kuko bagomba kwihanganira ububabare buzabageza kubugabo. Uyu muhango mubusanzwe ukorwa nabakuru, bakoresha icyuma gityaye. Umuhungu agomba kwihanganira iki gikorwa acecetse. Kugaragaza ububabare bizana igisebo.kwikanga kwose gushobora gutera ikosa muri iki gikorwa gisaba kwitonda cyane, bishobora kukuviramo inkovu ubuzima bwawe bwose, gutakaza ubushobozi, no kubabara. ukira hagati y' amezi 3-4, muri iki gihe kwihagaririka birababaza kandi bikanga rimwe na rimwe, kandi abahungu bagomba kuguma bambaye imyenda yumukara mugihe cyamezi 4-8.
Muri iki gihe, abasore bashya bakebwe batura muri "manyatta", "umudugudu" wubatswe na ba nyina. Manyatta nta bariyeri iyizengurutse yo kuyirinda, ishimangira uruhare rw'indwanyi rwo kurinda abaturage. Nta kraal y'imbere yubatswe, kubera ko abarwanyi batagira inka cyangwa ngo bakore imirimo y'ububiko. bisaba Indi mihango mbere yo kugera ku rwego rwindwanyi nkuru, bikarangirara mu birori bya eunoto, "ukuza kwimyaka".
Iyo hatangijwe igisekuru gishya cy'abarwanyi, Il-murran irihoizamurwa mu cyiciro cyisumbuyeho, bagashingwa ibyemezo bya politiki kugeza igihe bazagera ku kiciro cyabakuru. Iyu muhango wo kuva kumurwanyi ujya  kumukuru muto ibera mu muhuro munini witwa Eunoto. abahoze ari indwanyi bakata umusatsi wabo muremure ; abakuru bo baba bafite agasatsi gacyei. Indwanyi ntizemerewe kuryamana nabagore bakebwe,ariko bashobora gucudika n' abakobwa bataracyebwa. Kuri Eunoto, abarwanyi bashoboye kubahiriza iri tegeko barashimirwa byumwihariko.
Abarwanyi bamara umwanya munini ubu bagenda hirya no hino kubutaka bw' abamasayi, no kurenga imbibi zabo. Bagira uruhare runini mu gucuruza inka kuruta uko byari bisanzwe, guteza imbere ubucuruzi no guhahirana aho kwiba nk'uko byahoze.
hari imyizerere yo gukabya ko buri musore wumumasayi agomba kwica intare atarakebwa. Guhiga intare byari igikorwa cyahise, ariko byarabujijwe mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Afurika - nyamara intare ziracyahigwa iyo zishe amatungo yabamasayi, kandi abarwanyi bato bishora mu kwica intare mu migenzo gakondo ntibagira ingaruka zikomeye. Kwiyongera kw impujyenjye kubijyanye nubuzima bw'intare byatumye byibura habaho gahunda yo kwaka indishyi iyo intare yishe amatungo, aho guhiga no kwica intare yabikoze. Nubwo bimeze bityo, kwica intare biha agaciro gakomeye nubwamamare uwabikoze mubaturage.
Abakobwa bakiri bato nabo bahura nikibazo cyo gukebwa kw'abagore, "emorata"mu rwego rwo gukora umuhango urambuye w'imihango yiswe "Emuatare," umuhango winjiza abakobwa babamasayi mu kiciro cyabakuze binyuze mu mihango yo  gukebwa  hanyuma bagashyingirwa bakiri bato. abamasayi bemeza ko gukebwa kwabagore ari ngombwa kandi abagabo babamasayi bashobora kwanga umugore uwo ari we wese utarigeze abikora kuko adashyingirwa cyangwa agakobwa ibyagaciro gake. Muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, abagore batakebwe, ndetse n'abadepite bize cyane nka Linah Kilimo, barashobora gushinjwa kuba badakuze bihagije ku buryo badahabwa agaciro. Ku bandi umuco wo gukebwa kw'abagore uzwi nko guca imyanya ndangagitsina y'abagore, kandi ukanengwa cyane haba mu mahanga ndetse n'abagore benshi babikorewe, nk'umuntu uharanira inyungu zabamasayii, Agnes Pareyio. muri iki gihe bisigaye bikorwa mu magambo aho birangwa no kuririmba no kubyina mu mwanya wo gukebwa. Nyamara, iki gikorwa gikomeza gushinga imizi kandi kigahabwa agaciro numuco. Ijambo rya Maa ryo gukebwa, "emorata," rikoreshwa ku gukebwa kwigitsina gore nigitsina gabo. Gukata imyanya ndangagitsina y'abagore ntibyemewe muri Kenya na Tanzaniya. Uku gukebwa mubusanzwe bikorwa nuwatumiwe udakunze kuba ari umumasayi, akenshi aba avuye mumatsinda yaba Dorobo. Ibyuma bakoresha biba byatatswe n'abacuzi, Kimwe nabasore, abakobwa bazakebwa bambara imyenda yijimye,bakishushanyaho ibimenyetso bakoresheje amarangi, hanyuma bagapfuka mu maso iyo imihango irangiye.
Abagore bubatse batwite basonewe imirimo yose iremereye nko gukama no gutashya. Imibonano mpuzabitsina nayo irabujijwe kandi hari amategeko yihariye akoreshwa ku bagore batwite. abamasayi mubisanzwe batunga abagore benshi ; ibi bikekwa ko babikora kubera umubare munini wimfu z’abana bato n’abarwanyi. Polyandry nayo irakorwa. Ariko, muri iyi minsi ibi byarahagaze. Umugore ntabwo arongora umugabo we gusa ahubwo itsinda ry ikiciro kimyaka. Abagabo biteganijwe ko batanga uburiri bwabo ku mushyitsi uri mukiciro cyimwe cyimyaka nawe; ariko ibi nabyo ntibigikorwa. Umugore niwe wihitiramo niba ararana numugabo wasuye. Umwana uwo ari we wese ushobora kuvamo ni umwana wumugabo nabazamukomokaho. ubwoko bwa gatanya burashoboka iyo umugore yahukaniye kwa se, ubusanzwe kubera gufata nabi umugore cyane. Kwishura inkwano, kurera abana, nibindi, byumvikanyweho.
Umuziki n'imbyino
Umuziki wabamasayi usanzwe ugizwe ninjyana zitangwa n' ibitero byabaririmbyi baririmba bahigima mugihe umuyobozi windirimbo, aririmba ijwi ryingenzi. umuolaranyani mubusanzwe numuririmbyi ushobora kuririmba neza iyo ndirimbo, nubwo abantu benshi bashobora kuyobora indirimbo. umuolaranyani atangira aririmba umurongo cyangwa umutwe (namba) windirimbo. Itsinda rikikiririza rimwe, kandi umuolaranyani aririmbirambana nabandi ariko akabasimbya ijwi. Buri ndirimbo ifite imiterere yihariye ya namba ishingiye kumuhamagaro-no-kwitaba. Injyana isanzwe ni itandukaniro rya 5/4, 6/4 na 3/4 umukono wigihe. indirimbo iba yanditse ishingiye ku ngingo runaka kandi amagambo aguma yisubiramo. Kugenda kw'ijosi biherekeza kuririmba. Iyo uhumeka umutwe wegamiye imbere. Umutwe bawuhengekera inyuma kujyira basohore umwuka imbere. Muri rusange iyo bari rimba uba wumva ari amajwi menshi ajyenda asimburana. Bitandukanye nandi moko menshi yo muri Afrika,abamasayi bakoresha cyane drone polyphony.
Kimwe mubidasanzwe kumiterere yijwi ryumuziki wa abamasayi nugukoresha ihembe rya greater kudu kugirango uhamagare abamorans mumihango ya Eunoto.
Kuririmba no kubyina byombi rimwe na rimwe bibera hafi ya manyattas, kandi usanga harimo no gureshyanya. Abasore bakora umurongo kandi bakaririmbe mu injyana, "Oooooh-yah", bijyana no guhigima no gukorora hamwe no  kuzunguza igice cy umubiri cyo hepfo. Abakobwa bahagarara imbere yabagabo bakabyinisha igice cyo hepfo banaririmba "Oiiiyo..yo" mukajwi ko hejuru bitandukanye nabagabo. Nubwo imibiri yegerana cyane, ntabwo ikoranaho.
Guhindura umubiri
Gupfumura no gukwedura amatwi nubintu bisanzwe mubamasayi nandi moko. Bakoresha ibikoresho bitadukanye muri iki gikorwa harimo amahwa mugupfumura, ibiti, amabuye, amenyo yinzovu nakabindi. abamasayi bacye bacye cyane cyane abahungu nibo bakora uyu muhango. abagore bambara imitako yamasaro kumatwi bapfumuye.
gukura yamabwene abana bato bikorwa nabamasayi bo muri Kenya na Tanzaniya. abamasayi bafite imyizerere ikomeye ivuga ko impiswi, kuruka nizindi ndwara zoroheje zo mu bwana ziterwa no kubyimba kwishinya yo kumabwene, bakeka ko haba harimo inzoka. Iyi myizerere n'imikorere ntabwo byihariye mubamasayi. Mu cyaro cya Kenya hasuzumwe itsinda ry’abana 95 bafite hagati y’amezi atandatu n’imyaka ibiri mu 1991/92. 87% wasangaga barakuwe amabwene. Mu itsinda ryabafite hagati yimyaka 3-7, 72% mubana 111 basanze nabo barayakuwe.
Indyo
Ubusanzwe, indyo yabamasayi yari igizwe n'inyama mbisi, amata adatetse, n'amaraso by' inka. Menya ko inka zabamasayi ziri mubwoko bwa Zebu. Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1935, Dr. Weston A. Price yasuye abamasayi maze avuga ko nk'uko Dr. Anderson wo mu bitaro by’ubutegetsi bw’ibanze muri Kenya yabibinye amoko menshi adafite indwara. Benshi nta burwayi nabucye bwamenyo bari bafite. By'umwihariko abamasayi bari hasi ya 0.4% nibo bari bafite ikibazo cyo kubora kw' amenyo. Yavuze ko biterwa nimirire yabo mirire yabo igizwe (ukurikije ingano) amata adatetse, amaraso, inyama mbisi n'imboga n'imbuto zimwe na zimwe, nubwo mu midugudu myinshi batarya imbuto cyangwa imboga na gato. Yavuze ko buri mwana ukura ndetse n’umugore utwite cyangwa wonsa bahahabwa buri munsi amaraso iyo ahari. Dr. Weston A. Price yavuze kandi ko guverinoma yashyizeho ingufu mu 1935 kugira ngo abamasayi bajye mubuhinzi. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na ILCA (Nestel 1989) bugira buti: "Uyu munsi, indyo yuzuye yabamasayi igizwe n'amata y'inka n' ibigori. Igikoma gikomeye kizwi nka ugali kandi kiribwana n'amata; bitandukanye n' igikoma cy'amazi, ugali ntabwo itegurwa n'amata. Amavuta yinyamanswa akoreshwa muguteka, cyane cyane igikoma, ibigori, nibishyimbo. Amavuta kandi ni ibiryo byingenzi by'uruhinja. "
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n'ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ubworozi muri Afurika (Bekure et al. 1991) bwerekana impinduka nini cyane mu mirire yabamasayi aho basigaye bakoresha nibindi bidakomoka kumatungo kn'ibigori bigize  12-39 ku ijana n' isukari 8–13 ku ijana; umuntu umwe anywa hafi litiro imwe y'amata ku munsi. Amenshi mu mata akoreshwa nk'amata avuze cyangwa amavuta. mu bipimo byose bakoresha amata ku rwego rwo hejurui.ibi bituma bobonamo ibyubaka umubiri bihajyije. Nyamara, fer, niacin, vitamine C, vitamine A, thiamine nibitanga ingufu ntabwo babibona mumata gusa. Bitewe nuko ibintu bigenda bihinduka, cyane cyane ibihe amata abonekera n amapfa akunze kubaho kenshi, abashumba benshi, harimo nabamasayi, ubu basigaye barya ibiryo nibihajyije ingano.
Ubushyo bwihene nintama zabamasayi, harimo intama zitukura zabamasayi, hamwe ninka zagaciro. Ibizamini bya Electrocardiogram byakoreshejwe ku basore 400 bakuze babamasayi basanze nta kimenyetso na kimwe cy’indwara z'umutima, ubumuga cyangwa imikorere mibi yumubiri. Ubundi bushakashatsi bwakozwe kuri karubone-ya14 bwerekanye ko impuzandengo ya cholesterol iri hafi ya 50 ku ijana ugereranije niyumunyamerika. Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bigaragaza ko umubiri muzima bafite ari ukubere morans.
Isupu birashoboka ko bwo bwiza kuruta ibindi abamasayi babinye bwo kurya ibimera. Acacia nilotica nikimera gikoreshwa cyane. Igishishwa cyumuzi cyangwa uruti birabizwa mumazi hanyuma umazi avuyemo bakanywa yonyine cyangwa bakayavanga nisupu. abamasayi bakunda gufata iki kinyobwa nkumuti, kandi kizwiho kubatera imbaraga no kudatinyuka. abamasayi barya isupu ivanze n'ibishishwa bisharira n'imizi irimo saponine igabanya cholesterol; abo mu mijyibadafite ibimera bisharira bakunda kurwara umutima. imbuto zigize igice kinini cyibiryo biribwa nabana nabagore baba bacunze inka kimwe na mabamorani.
Kuvanga amaraso yinka, aboneka mugutobora imitsi yazo, n'amata bikorwa mugutegura ikinyobwa cyimihango muminsi mikuru idasanzwe kandi nkintungamubiri kubarwayi. Ariko, gukoresha amaraso mumirire gakondo biragenda bigabanuka kubera kugabanuka kwamatungo. muri iki gihe abamasayi basigaye batunzwe cyane nibiryo biturutse ahandi  nk'ibigori, umuceri, ibirayi, amashu n'ibindi. abamasayi batuye hafi y'abahinzi-borozi nabo bayobotse ubuhinzi nkuburyo bwibanze bwo kubaho. Muri utu turere, ingano yikibanza ntabwo iba ari nini kuburyo yakwirwaho amashyo yinyamaswa; bityo abamasayi bahatirwa guhinga.
Amazu
Nkabantu bazwiho guhora bimuka mumateka, abamasayi basanzwe bashingira kubikoresho byaho, byoroshye kuboneka hamwe nikoranabuhanga kavukire kugirango bubake amazu yabo. Inzu gakondo yabamasayi yubakagwa hagendewe ko bahora bimuka bityo ntabwo yamaraga igihe.aya mazu yabaga yenda kumera nkurukiramende, kandi yubatswe nabagore babishoboye. yabaga afite inkingi zibiti zishinze mubutaka kandi hasobekeranyijemo udushami duto tw' ibiti,nyuma bagahomesha imvange yicyondo, inkoni, ibyatsi,amase, inkari zabantu, n' ivu. Amase y'inka atuma inzu itava. Enkaj cyangwa engaji ni nto, ipima nka 3 kuri 5 m na metero1.5 gusa mu buhagarike.haba haromo aho, umuryango utekera, urira, uryama, usabanira, kandi ubika ibiryo,ibicanwa, nibindi bintu byo murugo. Amatungo mato nayo akenshi arara muri enkaji. Imidugudu iab ikikijwe n'uruzitiro rwa acacia (enkang) rwubatswe nabagabo. Mwijoro, inka zose, ihene n'intama byose bishyirwa mu kigo hagati, kure yinyamaswa zagasozi.
Imyenda
Imyambarire ihinduka bitewe n' imyaka n'ahantu. Urugero, abasore bambara umukara amezi menshi nyuma yo gukebwa kwabo. Nyamara, umutuku niwo ukunzwe. haba nimyenda y'ubururu, umukara, iyamabara. abamasayi batangiye gusimbuza uruhu rwinyamaswa, uruhu rwinyana nuruhu rwintama, imyenda yubudodo mu myaka ya za 1960.
Shúkà ni ijambo ryo mururimi rwa Maa numwitero wa gakondo bambara bawizingiyeho.Mubisanzwe iba itukura, nubwo imwe iba ifite andi mabara (urugero ubururu ) nibishusho. iroza, ndetse nimyenda iriho indabyo, indwanyi zirayirinda. Imyenda imwe izwi nka kanga, ijambo ryigiswahiri, irasanzwe. abamasayi baba hafi y' inkombe bashobora kwambara kikoi, ubwoko bw' imyitero iza mu amabara atandukanye n' ibitambaro Nyamara, benshi bakunda iyimirongo.
Abamasayi benshi muri Tanzaniya bambara inkweto zudusandari, zari zisanzwe zikorwa muruhu rw' inka. ubu basigaye bazikora mu mapine cyangwa plastike. Abagabo n'abagore bambara udutako tw ibiti kumaboko. Abagore babamasayi bahora bari gukora imitako mu masaro n' utugozi. Ibi bibafasha gutaka imibiri yabo. Nubwo hariho itandukaniro mubisobanuro byamabara n' amasaro, ibisobanuro rusange kumabara make ni: umweru, amahoro ; ubururu, amazi ; umutuku, umurwanyi / amaraso / ubutwari.
Umusatsi
Kogosha umutwe biramenyerewe mumihango myinshi, byerekana intangiriro nshya izakorwa ubwo umuntu aba ava mu kiciro kimwe ajya mu kindi. abarwanyi nibo bamasayi bonyine baba bafite imisatsi miremire, bayibohesha imigozi yoroheje.
Iyo ageze ku gihe cy' "amezi" 3, umwana yitwa izina kandi yogoshwa umutwe bagasiga akazingo kamwe kumusatsi, kuva ku gikanu kugeza ku gahanga. kikaba gishasha "imiterere yubuntu" bujyirirwa uruhinja. Umugore wakuyemo inda yubushize umusatsi awushyira imbere cyangwa inyuma yumutwe, biterwa nijyitsina cy' umwana yabuze. Ibi bishushanya gukira kwe.
Abahungu bakebwa ku munsi wa kabiri, imitwe yabo ikogoshwa. Abarwanyi bato noneho bagatereka umusatsi wabo ugakura, kandi batakaza igihe kinini bita kumusatsi wabo. basigamo amavuta yinyamanswa na ocher, kandi igabanijwe hejuru yumutwe aho amatwi agarukira. Umusatsi bawuboha mu mafpude y inyabubiri. Ipamba cyangwa ubwoya bw'intama bishobora gukoreshwa mugukuza umusatsi. Umusatsi bashobora kuwureka ugatendera cyangwa bakawupfundikanya bakoresheje uruhu. Iyo abarwanyi banyuze muri Eunoto, bakaba abakuru, imisatsi yabo miremire irogoshwa.
Mugihe igitsina gabo cyogosha umusatsi iyo bava mu kiciro kimwe bajya mu kindi, uwitegura kuba umugeni yogosha umusatsi, kandi intama ebyiri zikicwa mukubahiriza uwo munsi.
Rukuruzi
thumb|rukuruzi Rukuruzi ni imbaraga ziri munda yi isi {gravitetion force} zikaba zifite ubushobozi bwo gukurura buri kintu bitewe ni ibiro gifite [mass] kugirango kigaruke kubutaka iyo gihanuka cyangwa gisimbuka. .~"G.J.B"~.
Anne Njemanze
Anne Njemanze, ni umukinnyi wa sinema muri Nigeriya. Azwi cyane ku ruhare muri filime Domitila, Tinsel, Ìrètí na Colorless.
Ubuzima bwite
Yashakanye na mugenzi we ukina filime muri Nollywood, Segun Arinze, nyuma biba ubukwe bw'igihe gito. Abashakanye bafite umukobwa umwe, Renny Morenike, wavutse ku ya 10 Gicurasi.
Nyuma gato yo gutandukana nubukwe bwa mbere, yahuye nimpanuka yabereye i Calabar, muri leta ya Cross River. Kubera iyi mpanuka, Owerri wavukiye muri leta ya Imo yangiritse cyane mu gihe Njemanze yagumye ku ngoyi imyaka 2.
Umwuga
Mu 1995 yatangiye gukina na firime yo mu rugo Rattle Snake. Nyuma yaje kuba umukinnyi w'amafirime uzwi cyane hamwe na filime gakondo yo murugo Domitilla na Domitilla II afite uruhare runini. Nyuma yaje gukina muri firime Yukuri Kwatura aho hamwe na Liz Benson.
references
Ikiciro:Filimi Ikiciro:Afurika
Sophie Alakija
Sophie Rammal Alakija (wavutse 7 Gashyantare 1985), ni umukinnyi wa sinema muri Nigeriya. Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri Halita na Assistant Madams.
Ubuzima bwite
Alakija yavutse ku ya 7 Gashyantare 1985 mu muryango wa kisilamu ukomoka muri Efik (umuryango wo mu bihugu byambukiranya igihugu cya Calabar ) ukomoka muri Libani.
Umwuga
Yagaragaye muri Holla kuri videwo y'indirimbo y'umuhungu wahoze ari umukunzi we Wizkid nk'umubyinnyi wa mbere mu mwaka wa 2010.
Yakinnye muri firime nyinshi zizwi cyane, zirimo:Drawing Strands, Getting over him, and Small Chops. Muri 2017, yakinnye muri serivise za Scandals, ni ubufatanye hagati ya Gana na Nijeriya. Muri 2019, yakinnye muri serivise ya Halita hanyuma akurikirana ibiganiro bya TV Assistant Madams. Yakinnye kandi mu mugore w’umuyisilamu wa Timini Egbuson mu 2020.
references
Ikiciro:Afurika Ikiciro:Filimi
Icyewonaviya
thumb|gallego-asturiano Icyewonaviya (izina mu cyewonaviya : gallego-asturiano cyangwa eonaviego ; izina mu cyasuturiya : gallego-asturianu cyangwa eonaviegu ) ni ururimi rwa uruzi rwa Eo na Navia i Asuturiya muri Esipanye. Itegekongenga ISO 639-3 NONE.
Alfabeti y’icyewonaviya
Icyewonaviya kigizwe n’inyuguti 23 : a b c (ch) d e f g h i l (ll) m n ñ o p q r (rr) s t u v x y z
Irimbi ry abami
Irimbi ry'abami mu Rwanda
iyo uhageze ntiwamenyako hari irimbi kuko abaturage batangiye kuhahinga no kuhatura. thumb|Irimbi ry'abami mu rwanda
Amateka
ryihariye nkuko bivugwa nabahatuye. ni irimbi bashyinguragamo abami bose bamaze gutanga
(Gupfa) ndetse abami bose bayoboye u Rwanda niho bashyinguye uretse Yuhi IV Musinga
waguye isyanga ubwo yahungiraga i Moba arinah yaguye. ndetse na Mutara IV Rudahigwa
Aho ri herereye
Irimbi ryabami riherereye mu Ntara yamajyaruguru mu Karere ka Gicumbi mu murenge
wa Rutare mu mudugudu wa Nyakavunga
Geppi Cucciari
thumb|Geppi Cucciari Maria Giuseppina Cucciari (wavutse ku ya 18 Kanama 1973), uzwi cyane ku izina rya Geppi Cucciari, ni umutaliyani uhagaze neza mu bijyanye no gusetsa, akaba umukinnyi wa filime akaba na' umunyamakuru kuri televiziyo.
Irimbi ry abami
Ikiharanga
Uretse IMva ya Kigeri IV Rwabugiir yabashije kubakirwa ikaba arinayo isigaye iharanga
mbese igaragaza ko hari irimbi izindi mva zose zarasibanganye ntizikigaragara
Geppi Cucciari
Ubuzima n'umwuga
Nyuma yo gukora kuri stage no muri gahunda nyinshi za radiyo, Cucciari yagize ikibazo mu 2003 hamwe na Zelig Off zitandukanye. Hagati ya 2005 na 2009, yari asanzwe muri sitcom Belli dentro, maze mu 2006 atangira kuba umwanditsi hamwe n’igitabo gisekeje cyitwa Meglio donna che male accompagnata. Nkumunyamakuru, yakiriye inyandiko ebyiri za Canale 5 yerekana Ubutaliyani bwabonye Talent.
The Naked Prey
Iyi filime yerekanwe bwa mbere mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya San Sebastián 1965, nyuma isohoka muri Amerika ku ya 23 Werurwe 1966. Iyi filime yakozwe ku ngengo yimari itarenga 700.000 $, iyi firime yafatiwe ahantu hose muri Afrika yepfo.
uko yakozwe
The Naked Prey yafatiwe amashusho muri Afrika yepfo. Amashusho ya firime yari afite impapuro icyenda gusa. Amazina yatangije iyi filime yaherekejwe n’ibishushanyo byerekanwe n’umuhanzi waho Andrew Motjuoadi.
references
Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Afurika y’Epfo
Rubamba
thumb|Rubamba thumb|Rubamba Rubamba (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini Sanseveria  sp.) ni ikimera.
Urandiko rwa mbere rwa Petero
thumb|Urandiko rwa mbere rwa Petero n'igitabo dusananga muri Bible yera Urandiko rwa mbere rwa Petero ni igitabo cyo mu Isezerano Rishya muri Bibiliya.
Ubuki
thumb|Organic Honey thumb|Ubuki Ubuki ni kimwe mu biribwa bitera umubiri Imbaraga. Ubuki bukomoka ku mutobe inzuki zivana mu ndabyo z’ibiti cyangwa ibimera nk’ibiryo zifashishije umushongi (nectors) zikabubika mu binyangu. Ubuki bufite ibara ryenda gusa nk’ ibihogo. Muburyo bw’ubutabire bukozwe n’ubwoko bu biri bw’ibitera imbaraga bita fructose na glucose. Mubusanzwe ubuki bugizwe n’isukari n’amazi n’inzindi ntungamubiri zitandukanye nk’imyunyu ngugu.
Ubuki n’isukari n’ubwoko bw’ibitera imbaraga bikaba bimwe mu bintu biryoherera cyane (sweeteners) kandi bikunze gukoreshwa cyane kw’isi muganda mu gukora ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa bitandukanye. thumb|ubuki Nubwo bamwe na bamwe bakunda kwitiranya isukari n’ubuki kuko bijya byenda gukora kimwe, hari itandukaniro rinini hagati ya byo. Harabakoresha ubuki mu mwanya w’isukari nk’uburyo bwo kwirinda umubyibuho ukabije cyangwa kugabanya ibiro, naho bamwe mu barwaye diyabete bakabwifashisha mu mwanya w’isukari, Urubuga Kigali Today rwagaragajeko ubuki bugira ibyiza byinshi ariko iyo budakoreshejwe mu rugero rwiza bwateza ingaruka mbi k’ubukoresha. Kuko ubuki arumwimere benshi bakunda kuvuga ko buba bwiza kurusha isukari iyo bukoreshejwe neza.
Ibidukikije
Ibidukikije bigaragara uku
Reba kandi
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi
Ubutaliyani
Ubutaliyani cyangwa Ubutariyani (izina mu gitaliyani: Italia cyangwa Repubblica italiana ) n’igihugu mu Burayi. Umurwa mukuru w’Ubutaliyani witwa Roma. Ubutaliyani ituwe n'abantu 60 507 590 birenga (2017).Yabaye inzu y’imico myinshi y’iburayi nk’umuco w’Abaroma kandi ni naho yatangiriye Ubumuntu na Renaissance, byatangiriye mu karere ka Tuscany kandi bidatinze bikwira mu Burayi mu maboko y’ibirori Leonardo Da Vinci. center|thumb|480x480px|roma
Butera Jane
thumb|Butera Butera Jane (wavutse 2 Ukwakira 1990) (Uzwi ku izina rya Knowless) Muburyo Bw'umwuga akaba ari Umuhanzikazi wu Rwanda. Butera yajyiye akora indirimbo nyinshi Zitandukanye. Indirimbo ze zikora ku nsanganyamatsiko nk'imibanire y'urukundo, ibibazo bya sosiyete n'ubuzima bwa buri munsi.
Amateka
Butera yavukiye mu Karere ka Ruhango, Akaba umwana w'ikinege wa Jean-Marie Vianney Butera na Marie Claire Uyambaje, bombi bakaba barapfuye. Nyina yahoze ari umuririmbyi wambere muri korari y'itorero ry'Abadiventisti b'umunsi wa Karindwi. Butera yize amashuri abanza ya ESCAF i Nyamirambo, APARUDE yisumbuye i Ruhango na APACE yisumbuye i Kigali Akaba yarize Ikorana Buhanga. Akaba Yari umwe muri korsri yo muri APACE .Mu mwaka wa 2012, yatangiye kwiga kaminuza muri Kigali Institute of Science and Technology. Mu mwaka 2019, nibwo yasozaga muri kaminuza ya gikirisitu ya Oklahoma. Akaba n'umubyeyi w'abakobwa babiri witwa Ora na Inzora Butera.
Umwuga wa muzika
thumb|Butera Knowless yashyize ahagaragara Umuzingo w'indirimbo we wa mbere, Komeza, mu Kuboza 2011. Album ye ya kabiri, Uwo Ndiwe, yasohotse muri Werurwe 2013. Knowless acungwa munsi ya label ya Kina Muzika.
Yakinnye mu Rwanda no mu bihugu duturanye, harimo na Uganda, kandi akorana n'abahanzi benshi, barimo Abanyarwanda Danny, Paccy, Ciney, Jay Polly, Kamichi na Urban Boyz, hamwe n'itsinda rya Vampos rya Uganda. Yise umuhanzi Cecile Kayirebwa w’umunyarwanda ukomoka mu Bubiligi n’umwanditsi w’indirimbo w’umunyamerika R&B, Brandy Norwood. muri 2021 yasohoye alubumu nshya yitwa INZORA.
Ibihembo
Knowless yatsindiye "Umuhanzi mushya mwiza" mumarushanwa ya Salax Awards 2010. Muri Kanama 2013, yegukanye umwanya wa gatatu mu marushanwa ngarukamwaka ya Primus Guma Guma Super Star, abera kuri Stade Amahoro. Muri Werurwe 2013 yatsindiye igihembo cye cya kabiri cya Salax, kuri iyi nshuro mu cyiciro cy "Umuhanzi w’umugore mwiza".
Reba
Ikiciro:Abagore Ikiciro:Imyidagaduro mu Rwanda Ikiciro:Imyidagaduro Ikiciro:Umuhanzi
Andy Amadi Okoroafor
Andy Amadi Okoroafor numukinnyi wa firime wo muri Nigeriya nkumuvugizi wa TED. Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa film ya Relentless ya 2010. Usibye gutanga icyerekezo, ni umwanditsi, producer numuyobozi wubuhanzi. Niwe washinze sitidiyo yo guhanga 'Clam'.
Michel-Ange Nzojibwami
thumb|Inzu ya Michel-Ange Nzojibwami yagene imyidagaduro cyane cyane ishingiye kuri Filimi mu Burundi. thumb|Amafoto yerekana zimwe muri filimi zakinwe n'abarundi mugihe cyo Hambere. Michel-Ange Nzojibwami numukinnyi n'umuyobozi wa filime i Burundi. Yamenyekanye cyane ku rwego mpuzamahanga kubera imikorere ye nka Coloneli Théoneste Bagosora muri filime Shake Hands With Devil, akaba yarabonye igihembo cya Genie igihembo cy'umukinnyi witwaye neza ku nshuro ya 28 yo gutanga ibihembo bya Genie Awards mu 2008.
Yabaye umuyobozi wa Tubiyage, isosiyete ikora amakinamico yo mu Burundi, ndetse na visi-perezida w’umuryango w’inganda w’amafirime COPRODAC.
Andy Amadi Okoroafor
Ubuzima bwite
Yavutse ku ya 8 Gashyantare 1966 i Bauchi, mu majyaruguru ya Nijeriya. Yari afite umwaka umwe igihe intambara yatangiraga i Biafra. Nyuma yaje kwimukira i Paris mu Bufaransa maze akora nk'umuyobozi ushinzwe ubuhanzi mu kwamamaza, imideli n'amashusho y'indirimbo. Ni na TED-Mugenzi.