cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Intara y’Aydın
Intara y’Aydın (izina mu giturukiya : Aydın ili) n’intara muri Turukiya. Umurwa mukuru w’intara y’Aydın witwa umujyi w’Aydın. Abaturage 946,971. center|thumb|420x420px|turkey
Akarere ka Musanze
Musanze ni kamwe mu turere dutanu(5) tugize Intara y’Amajyaruguru kashyijweho n’Itegeko Nᵒ 29/2005 ryo kuwa 23 Ukuboza 2005 rishyiraho kandi rigenga Inzego z’Imitegekere y’Igihugu. center|thumb|320x320px|Rwanda thumb|Musanze town Akarere ka Musanze gakomoka ku cyahoze ari Umujyi wa Ruhengeri, Akarere ka Mutobo, Akarere ka Kinigi, Imirenge 14 y’icyahoze ari Akarere ka Bugarura n’Imirenge 3 y’icyahoze ari Akarere ka Bukamba.
Akarere ka Musanze gafite imbibi zikurikira :
Kaminuza y' ikoranabuhanga n'ubugeni ya byumba
thumb|kaminuza y'ikoranabuhanga n ubugeni ya byumba Kaminuza y ikoranabuhanga n ubugeni ya byumba  mu magambo y icyongereza ni "U niversity of Technology and Arts of Byumba (UTAB)", ni kaminuza yo mu Rwanda itanga ubumenyi butandukanye mu  mashami y' ikoranabuhanga n' ubugeni  iherere mu ntara y' amajyaruguru mu karere ka gicumbi.
Amateka
UTAB ni kaminuza y ikoranabuhanga n'ubugeni iherere mu karere ka gicumbi ikaba  yarakinguhe amarembo ya abashaka ubumenyi muri mutarama ku wa 26 mu mwaka wa bibiri ni tandatu (2006) ikaba yaritwaga "Institut Polytechnique de Byumba(IPB)".
Ku wa 25 ugushyingo 2015 icyahoze cyitwa IPB cyahindutse UTAB hiyongeramo andi masomo ajyanye ni icunga mutungo, uburezi ndetse nayandi iba kamunuza yemeywe mu Rwanda n' icyigo gishinzwe amashuri na za kaminuza mu Rwanda aricyo HEC.
UTAB ni kaminuza imaze imyaka irenga 10 gitanga ubumenyi mu ikoranabuhanga n ubugeni  ku banyeshuri babanyarwanda na abanyamahanga.
Ubuyobozi
Ubuyobozi bwa kaminuza y ikoranabuhanga n ubugeni ya byumba iyobowe na Prof. Dr Clet NIYIKIZA afatanyije na Nyiricyubahiro Musenyeri Nzakamwita Servilien, Umushumba wa Diyoseze ya Byumba ni izindi nzego za UTAB n' ubuyobozi bwa abanyeshuri.
Amasomo
UTAB itanga amasomo mu byiciro bitandukanye nka " undergraduate " icyiciro cya ambere cya kaminuza, icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza aricyo " postgraduate " mu rurimi rw' icyongereza na amaso y igihe gito "short course " mu rurimi rw' icyongereza
ikiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza hari aya masomo akurikira " postgraduate "
harimo amaosomo y uburezi, ubunzi n ibidukikije
ikiciro cya amasomo yi igihe gito na aya akurikira "short courses "
na andi menshi
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Kaminuza Ikiciro:Kaminuza mu Rwanda
Umusigiti wa Omar i Yerusalemu
thumb|umusigiti wa Omar Umusigiti wa Omar (izina mu cyarabu: مسجد عمر بن الخطاب‎‎; izina mu giheburayo: מסגד עומר‎) ni umusigiti i Yerusalemu muri Isirayeli.
Amahoro Masa
thumb|green peace muri madrid 2018 thumb|Amahoro Masa Amahoro Masa (izina mu cyongereza: Greenpeace) : Ni ikigo kidaharanira inyungu giharanira kurengera ibidukikije. Kivuga ko ibihugu bikize ari byo bibona inyungu nyinshi kurusha ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere mu bwisanzure bw’ubucuruzi. Ku bw’iki kigo ubucuruzi buza nyuma y’uko ibidukikije n’abantu byitaweho.
Antoine Rutayisire
Rutayisire Antoine wavutse 1958, ni Umushumba Mukuru wa paruwasi ya Remera mu itorero ry'Angilikani mu Rwanda, wamenyekanye cyane munyigisho zigiye zitandukanye z'iyobokamana mu Rwanda, Ni umugabo watangiye ivugabutumwa mu 1983 akimara gukizwa, Mu 1990 yaretse akazi ko kuba mwalimu umwanya we awuharira kwigisha ijambo ry'Imana, yahise ajya kuyobora umuryango w'ivugabutumwa rishingiye kuri Bibiliya w'abanyeshuri ba kaminuza, akaba ariwe wabaye umunyamabanga mukuru wawo wa mbere kugeza mu 1994. Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 yayoboye umuryango w'ivugabutumwa wa (AEE) mu 2008 ayobora paruwasi ya Biryogo mu itorero ry'Angilikani mu Rwanda, ahava ajya kuyobora paruwasi ya Remera ariyo arimo kugeza ubu.
AMASHAKIRO
Ikiciro:Abayobozi b'amadini n'amatorero
Akarere ka Kicukiro
Kicukiro ni Akarere kamwe mu Turere dutatu (3) tugize Umujyi wa Kigali. Gaherereye mu burasirazuba bw’amajyepfo by’Umujyi wa Kigali. Icyicaro cy’Akarere kiri mu Murenge wa Kagarama, mu Kagari ka Rukatsa n’Umudugudu wa Rukatsa. Akarere ka Kicukiro gahana imbibi n’uturere tune aritwo ; center|thumb|320x320px|Rwanda Akarere ka Bugesera: mu Majyepfo
Akarere ka Gasabo: mu Majyaruguru
Akarere ka Rwamagana: mu burasirazuba
Akarere ka Nyarugenge: mu burengerazuba
Imirenge icumi (10) igize akarere ka Kicukiro;
.Gahanga
.Gatenga
.Gikondo
.Kanombe
.Kagarama
.Kigarama
.Kicukiro
.Masaka
.Nyarugunga
Abazimu
Mu kwemera gakondo kwa Kinyarwanda, abazimu ni abantu bavuye mu bazima, bakajya mu isanzure bakaba bashobora kugira uruhare mu buzima bw'abazima.
Mu madini ya gikristu, abazimu ni ijambo rikoreshwa mu gusobanura imyuka mibi igamije inabi ku bazima, iyo basenga birukana abo bazimu.
Reba Aha Ikiciro:Iyobokamana
Michèle Alliot-Marie
thumb|Michèle Alliot-Marie, Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga w’ububanyi n’amahanga n’Uburayi Michèle Alliot-Marie (10 Nzeri 1946) wari Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga w’u Bufaransa.
Asmahan Boudjadar
Umwuga
Asmahan Boudjadar yarushanwe mu ishoti ryashyizwe mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga y’imikino ngororamubiri ya 2015 yabereye i Doha, muri Qatar. Yataye ikimenyetso k'umukino wanyuma, arangirira k'umwanya w'anyuma. Muri Werurwe 2016, yangije ishoti nyafurika F33 yashyizeho amateka atera 5.56 metres (18.2 ft) muri IPC Abakinnyi ba Grand Prix i Dubai. Boudjadar yateye kandi muri ku muhunda, aho yashyizeho amateka mashya ya F 33.
Yitabiriye imikino Paralympike ye ya mbere mu 2016 i Rio de Janeiro, muri Burezili, nyuma yuwo mwaka. Yagize uruhare mu kurasa F33 mu bagore, yegukanye umudari wa zahabu afite amateka mashya ya Afurika afite metero 5.72, imbere ya Qatar Sara Hamdi Masoud na Sara Alesanaani wo muri Leta zunze ubumwe z'Abarabu ku mwanya wa kabiri n'uwa gatatu. Boudjadar yagize icyo avuga nyuma yibi birori, avuga ko yumva ari ukumwihorera nyuma y’ibyavuye mu marushanwa yabanjirije aya. Mu birori bya mbere bya Grand Prix yo muri 2017, yongeye kwandika amateka ya javelin ku isi, atera 12.82 metres (42.1 ft).
Ihuza ryo hanze
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Gana
Umusigiti wa Maungu
thumb|Mosque. Maungu - panoramio Umusigiti wa Maungu (izina mu Icyongereza: Maungu mosque) uherereye mu igihugu cya Kenya
BWIZA JOLIE
UBUZIMA BWITE
Bwiza Jolie ni umwe mu bakobwa n'abagore b'abanyarwandakazi bari bari guhatanira ikamba rya nyampinga wa Washington America rya bereye Olympia ho muri USA wari usanzwe ari umunyamideli. Uyu mukobwa wavukiye muri Repubulika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Congo (RDC) ariko akaza gukurira mu Rwanda, yahavuye muri 2016 yerekeza muri Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.Uyu wiyita Jolie Africa ni umunyeshuri muri kaminuza aho ageze mu mwaka wa gatatu yiga "Political  sciences"
Umusigiti wa Fazl
thumb|umusigiti wa Fazl 2010 thumb|Umusigiti wa Fazl imbere Umusigiti wa Fazl (izina mu cyongereza: Fazl Mosque) ni umusigiti i London mu Bwongereza.
Umusigiti wa Juma
thumb|Juma mosque (Malindi) thumb|Umusigiti wa Juma ( Juma Mosque ) Umusigiti wa Juma ( izina mu icyongereza: Juma Mosque) uri mu igihugu cya Kenya
Kanada
Kanada (izina mu Cyongereza no mu Gifaransa : Canada ) ni igihugu kinini cyane giherereye mu gice cyo mu majyaruguru y’umugabane wa Amerika ya Ruguru. Gikikijwe n’inyanja ya Atalantika mu burasirazuba, inyanja ya Pasifika mu burengerazuba n’inyanja ya Arikitika mu majyaruguru. Nicyo gihugu cya kabiri kinini ku isi mu buso nyuma y’u Burusiya, aho gifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 9,984,670. Kanada ihana imbibe na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika mu majyepfo no mu majyaruguru y’uburengerazuba, ukaba ariwo mupaka muremure ku isi.
Ubusanzwe Kanada yari ituwe n’abasangwabutaka kugera mu kinyejana cya 15 ubwo Abafaransa n’Abongereza bazaga kureba uko hameze. Nyuma baje kuhatura rero, mu nkengero za Atalantika. Abo basangwabutaka baje gushegeshwa bikomeye n’indwara zari ziturutse i Burayi, ubu hasigaye mbarwa.
Kuri ubu, iki gihugu gituwe n’abaturage basaga miliyoni 31. Nicyo gihugu abantu bajya guturamo cyane, bikaba akenshi biterwa n’impamvu z’ubukungu cyangwa hakaba hari ababa basanzeyo abo bafitanye isano.
Amateka
Mu mwaka wa 1763 Abafaransa baretse colonies zose bari bafite muri Amerika ya Ruguru, nyuma y’intambara yiswe '"Guerre de sept ans". Mu mwaka wa 1867, Kanada yahinduwe intara ifite ubwigenge bucagase, icibwamo intara 4, aha ni naho hatangiriye ukwigenga gusumbyeho, byatumye Kanada itacyometse cyane ku Bwongereza. Mu mwaka wa 1919, Kanada yinjiye muri Société des Nations nk’igihugu ukwacyo kitari mu Bwongereza, naho mu mwaka wa 1945, Kanada iba kimwe mu bihugu byashinze Loni.
Intara na teritwari
Kuri ubu Kanada igizwe n’intara 10 arizo: Ontario, Québec, Alberta, Nova Scotia, Nouveau Brunswick, Manitoba, Colombie Britannique, Ile du Prince Edouard, Saskatchewan na Terre Neuve na Labrador. Kanada kandi igizwe na teritwari 3 (territoires)
Québec niyo ntara nini kurusha izindi, ikaba ari nayo ituwe cyane nyuma ya Ontario. Ikaba ivugirwamo igifaransa cyonyine nk’ururimi rwemewe, mawe mu mashyaka yahoo akaba anifuza ko iyo ntara yakwikura kuri Kanada ikigenga.
Ibendera rya Kanada
Ibendera rya Kanada rizwi cyane, rikaba ari umweru n’umutuku. Hagati harimo ishusho ry’ikibabi cy’igiti cyitwa érable ushobora gusanga henshi muri icyo gihugu, kikaba cyinatanga umutobe uryoshye (sirop d'érable).
Ururimi
Kanada ni igihugu kivugirwamo indimi 2 zemewe: Igifaransa n’Icyongereza. Ubwo uwo Gouverneur Général yageraga mu Rwanda, bamwe mwumvise ko yavugaga ijambo mu rurimi rumwe, akongera akabivuga mu rundi. Ibi bikaba biterwa n’iyo politiki yo kubahiriza izo ndimi zombi (bilinguisme).
Leta
Kanada iyoborwa nk’ubutegetsi bushingiye ku nteko ishinga amategeko, aho kuba ku mukuru w’igihugu nk’uko bimeze ahandi henshi ku isi.
Muri iyi minsi twagiye twumva intiyo “Gouverneur Général”, aho kumva perezida. Ibi biterwa n’uko ubundi Kanada iyoborwa n’umwamikazi w’u bwongereza, akaba gusa yoherezayo Gouverneur Général wo kumuhagararira. Kuri ubu Gouverneur Général ni Madamu Mary Simon.
Minisitiri w’intebe ni nk’aho ariwe mutegetsi ukomeye uba uri muri Kanada. Aturuka mu ishyaka ryatsinze amatora yo mu nteko, kandi niwe ushyiraho guverinoma ankanayihindura.
Kanada ni kimwe mu bihugu bikize kandi bikomeye ku isi. Ubukungu bwayo bushingiye cyane cyane ku mutungo kamere n’ubuhahirane na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika bituranye. Kanada ifite amashyamba arimo ibiti bikenerwa cyane, ikungahaye kandi kuri peteroli na gaz. Hari amabuye y’agaciro atandukanye kandi akenerwa nka zinc, uranium, n’ayandi.
Umusigiti wa Green Lane
thumb|umusigiti wa Green Lane Umusigiti wa Green Lane (izina mu cyongereza: Green Lane Mosque) ni umusigiti i Birmingham mu Bwongereza.
Ikigega Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Umutungo Kamere
thumb|Ikigega mpuzamahanga gishinzwe umutungo kamere Ikigega Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Umutungo Kamere (WWF ; World Wide Fund for Nature). Giharanira kurengera ibidukikije; cyemera ko ubucuruzi ari kimwe mu bituma amajyambere agerwaho ariko kandi bugomba gukorwa ku buryo butabangamira ibidukikije kuko kurengera ibidukikije, ubutaka, abantu n’ibihangano byabo ari rwo rufunguzo rw’iterambere. thumb|Kwita kubidukikije birimo ubutaka ndetse n'ubusitani thumb|Abashinzwe gushyingura inyandiko z'umutungo kamere no kurerengera ibidukikije
Senbere Teferi
thumb|Senbere Teferi Senbere Teferi (yavutse ku ya 3 Gicurasi 1995) ni Umunyetiyopiya wa bigize umwuga wiruka hagati na intera ndende wiruka cyane muri metero 1500 no kwambukiranya igihugu. Yabonye umudari wa feza muri Shampiyona yisi ya IAAF muri 2015. Yaserukiye igihugu cye mu marushanwa y’isi yo muri 2013 kandi yegukana imidari, ari ku murongo ndetse n’abato ku isi ndetse n’urwego rw’abato ku isi.
Umwuga
Yavutse Senbere Teferi Sora, yegukanye umudari we wa mbere mpuzamahanga mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga y’urubyiruko muri 2011 yaberaga mu mikino ngororamubiri, akaza ku mwanya wa kabiri muri metero 1500, kuri Kwizera kwa Kipyegon. Yazamutse hejuru y'igihugu cyose hamwe na metero 1500 gutsinda muri Shampiyona y imikino ngororamubiri ya Etiyopiya. Yafashe igihanga gikomeye mu buryo bwa Tiki Gelana muri Women First 5K, i Addis Abeba muri Werurwe muri 2012. Mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga y’ingimbi muri 2012 muri irushanwa, yageze ku byiza bye ku minota 4: 08.28 muri metero 1500 ku mukino wa nyuma, ariko yongeye gutsindwa na Kipyegon ndetse na Amela Terzić, amusigira umuringa muto.
irushanwa rya Cross country niyo y'ibandaga nyuma yi gihembwe cyo gukurikirana. Yatsindiye Cross de l'Acier mu Bufaransa muri Gushyingo 2014. Yatoranijwe mu ikipe nkuru ya Etiyopiya mu marushanwa ya IAAF muri 2015 kandi, nubwo yagize ikibazo cy’imvune mu cyumweru cyabanjirije iki gikorwa, yajyanye mu gikombe cy’imbere hamwe na Agnes Jebet Tirop maze bombi baba aba ubwoko, hamwe na Tirop yaje gutsinda Senbere muri metero 200 z'anyuma, gusiga Umunyetiyopiya n'umudari wa feza. Umukinnyi wa mbere wa Senbere kandi yabonye umutwe we w’abagore bo muri Etiyopiya ku gikombe cy’ikipe, afashijwe na mugenzi we (ndetse n’umudari wa bronze) Netsanet Gudeta.
Reba
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa etiyopiya
Umusigiti wa Takwa Ruins
thumb|Umusigiti wa Takwa Ruins biragaragaza ko ukuze cyane thumb|umusigiti wa Takwa Umusigiti wa Takwa Ruins ( izina mu icyongereza: Takwa Ruins mosque) uherereye mu igihugu cya Kenya
Manzi Thierry
Manzi Thierry w’imyaka 24 y’amavuko, yari Kapiteni w’ikipe y’ingabo z’igihugu APR FC, akaba yarakiniye amakipe atandukanye hano mu Rwanda harimo Marrine, Rayon Sports Fc na APR FC, ku umugabane w'Africa ndetse no kumugabawe w'iburayi yakinnye mu igihugu cya  Georigiya mu ikipe nshya ya Fc Dila Gori agiye gukinira mu gihe cy’imyaka ibiri iri imbere, AS FAR yo Muri Marroc.
Umusigiti wa Makam el Nabi Sain
thumb|umusigiti wa Makam el Nabi Sain Umusigiti wa Makam el Nabi Sain (izina mu cyarabu: ?; izina mu giheburayo: מקאם אלנבי סעין‎) ni umusigiti i Nazareth muri Isirayeli.
Manzi Thierry
AMASHAKIRO
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Ruhago
Umusigiti wa Al-Abyad i Nazareth
thumb|umusigiti wa Al-Abyad i Nazareth Umusigiti wa Al-Abyad (izina mu cyarabu: المسجد الأبيض‎‎‎; izina mu giheburayo: המסגד הלבן) ni umusigiti i Nazareth muri Isirayeli.
Umusigiti wa Mondhry
thumb|Umusigiti wa Mandhry (Mandhry mosque (Mombasa) thumb|Mandhry mosque (Mombasa) 02 thumb|umusigiti wa Mandhry  Umusigiti wa Mandhry ( izina mu icyongereza: Mandhry mosque) uri mu igihugu cya Kenya mu mujyi wa Mombasa
Oxfam
Oxfam ni ikigo mpuzamahanga giharanira kurwanya ubukene, akarengane no gutotezwa. N’ubwo Oxfam ishyigikiye ko ubucuruzi n’ishoramari mpuzamahanga byakorwa, yemeza ko ari nabyo bitera ubukene. Ishyigikiye cyane ikitwa Fair trade kurusha Free trade (koroherana kurusha kwisanzura). Oxfam iharanira ko uburenganzira bw’abafite intege nke bwakwitabwaho cyane mu masezerano mpuzamahanga, yaba ay’ubucuruzi, ingendo n’ibindi. center|thumb|320x320px|free trade
Umusigiti wa Paris
thumb|umusigiti wa   Paris Umusigiti wa Paris (izina mu gifaransa: Grande Mosquée de Paris) ni umusigiti i Paris mu Bufaransa.
1988
thumb|karendari y'umwaka 1988 thumb|zimwe mu inyandiko za kera
Yimenashu Taye
Yimenashu Taye (yavutse 1979) ni umunyetiyopiya wiruka intera ndende muri marato.
1988
Mata
Genocide mu Rwanda
Yimenashu Taye
Mu 1998 yatsindiye isiganwa ryabato muri Shampiyona yisi ya Cross Cross Country kandi yegukana imidari ya feza muri metero 1500 na metero 3000 muri Shampiyona yisi yabato. Muri Shampiyona ny'afurika muri uwo mwaka yatsindiye umudari wa bronze muri metero 3000.
Mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga y’o kuzenguruka w’isi muri 2000 yarangije ku mwanya wa gatandatu mu isiganwa rigufi, mu gihe ikipe ya Etiyopiya Taye ya bigizemo uruhare yegukanye umudari wa feza mu marushanwa y'amakipe.
Ihuza ryo hanze
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa etiyopiya
Tatu (film)
Tatu ni filimi yasohotse 2017  muri Nigeria  iyoborwa na Don Omope. Yanditswe na Jude Idada kandi yahinduwe mu gitabo "Tatu", cyanditswe na Abraham Nwankwo mu 2014. Filime yakiriye ibihembo byinshi muri 2018 Magic Magic Viewers Choice Awards. Iyi filime kandi yahawe ibihembo byinshi muri Afurika Magic Choice Awards 2018.
Inyandiko
Muri Tatu, tubona ubuzima bw'umubyeyi no kugerageza gukiza igitekerezo cy'umukobwa we w'ikinege watanzwe nk'igitambo cyo guhongerera ibyaha.
Umusaruro
Tatu yarasiwe ahantu muri Lagos, na Abuja. Yafashwe amashusho mu gihe cy'amezi 12.
Umusigiti wa Gedi Ruins
thumb|Gedi Ruins Mosque Door thumb|umusigiti wa Gedi Umusigiti wa Gedi Ruins (Izina mu icyongereza: Gedi Ruins Mosque) uri mu igihugu cya Kenya
Tatu (film)
Kurekura
Tatu yarekuwe bwa mbere mu ikinamico muri Nyakanga 2017 muri Nijeriya, kandi yerekanwe bwa mbere muri Eko Hotel Convention Centre, ku kirwa cya Victoria. Muri 2019, iyi filime yongewe ku rutonde rwa Netflix mu gihe iyi sosiyete yakomeje gushora imari mu nganda nyafurika.
Kwakira
Tatu yakiriwe neza na rubanda. Kuri benshi mubareba, firime yari ifite ubushobozi butujujwe. Kuri Nollywood Reinvented, firime yari ifite amanota 52%.
references
Ikiciro:Filimi Ikiciro:Afurika
Umusigiti wa Sea Breeze
thumb|Malindi - Mosque Sea Breeze - panoramio thumb|umusigiti wa Sea Breeze Umusigiti wa Sea Breeze ( Izina mu Icyongereza: Sea Breeze mosque) uri mu igihugu cya Kenya
Umusigiti wa Palermo
thumb|umusigiti wa Palermo Umusigiti wa Palermo (izina mu gitaliyani: Moschea di Palermo) ni umusigiti i Palermo mu Butaliyani.
Umusigiti wa Nabulusi
thumb|Umusigiti wa Nablus Umusigiti wa Nabulusi (izina mu cyarabu: اجامع نابلس الكبير‎ cyangwa الجامع الصلاحي الكبير) ni umusigiti i Nabulusi muri Palestine.
BAGIRINSHUTI Joseph
Yari icyamamare mu muziki gakondo nyarwanda by'umwihariko mu gucuranga inanga. Azwi mu nanga ya Maguru ya Sarwaya.
Reba Aha Ikiciro:Entertainment
Faustin Mugenzi
Faustin Mugenzi Wavutse Taliki:12/10/1994
Faustin Mugenzi Umunyamakuru wimikino m'URwanda Akora Ibiganiro bya sport Aho yatangiye Itangazamakuru Atangirira kuri Contact FM Akora amakuru yasi sport azanzwe Akanogeza Imipira yiburayi Akanakora kuri televiziyo naho akora Ibiganiro bya sport
Radiyo yakozeho
1.Contact FM 2.Isango star 3.Radio & Tv10
Televiziyo yakozeho
1.Contact Tv 2.Isango Tv https://www.imirasiretv.com/abanyamakuru-10-bogeza-umupira-wamaguru-babahanga-kurusha-abandi-mu-rwanda-amafoto/== Aho Akora == Radio & Tv10
Ibirambuye
https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171039/https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/umunyamakuru-wa-radio-10-yanywereye-igikoma-muri-studio-kubera-gutsindwa-intego
Incuti z’Isi
center|thumb|480x480px|incuti
Incuti z’Isi (FOEI ; izina mu cyongereza: Friends of the Earth International) ni impuzamiryango irengera ibidukikijeikaba irwanya ikomatanyabukungu ritagira imipaka kuko ubucuruzimpuzamahanga bugirwamo inyungu n’abifite, rubanda rugufi ikahagwa.
Thabo Mbeki
thumb|Thabo Mbeki Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki (soma mu kigisosa: tʰaɓɔ mbɛːkʼi ; 18 Kamena 1942) ni Perezida w’Afurika y’Epfo.
Umusigiti wa Segrate
thumb|umusigiti wa Segrate Umusigiti wa Segrate (izina mu gitaliyani: Moschea di Segrate) ni umusigiti i Segrate mu Butaliyani.
Inguge
Dore amwe mu moko y’inguge ziri muri Pariki ya Nyungwe: icyondi (Cercopithecus lhoesti), igihinyage, inkomo (Colobus angolensis ruwenzori), inkima (Cercopithecus mitis doggetti & kandti ), inyenzi, impundu (Pan troglodytes schweinfurtii). thumb|Inguge
Niyitegeka Gratien
Gratien yabyawe na Ngarukiye thacien na Mukarusharaza Bernadethe ,akaba afite impamyabumenyi y'ikiciro cyakabiri cya kaminuza. akaba yaravukiye Mukarere ka
Rurindo.
Yiga ibinyabuzima nubutabire murwunge rwamashuri rwa Rurima. Gratien mubuzima busanzwe yaje kwihangira imirimo, akora ibinubyinshi ariko, byose bijyanye nubuhanzi
Itangiriro ry'e
yatangiye guhanga ibihanganobye yiga mu wagatandatu wa mashuri abanza nibwo yatangiye guhimba imivugo nabyenda gusetsa. agezemuwakane w,amashuri y'isumbuye nubwo yakinye ikinamico yitwa"sirikoreye",ariwe wakinye yitwa gutyo,
yarushwanaga kubumwe n'ubwiyunge.
icyogihe yaratsinze ahebwa kurwego rw'igihugu .yakuze afite inzozi zokuzambara tigana[inkweto zarizingezweho kera] nokuzaba uwambere kuberako  ababyeyibe bahoraga babimubwira kenshi.
umuryangowe yarawufashije arihira amashuri bashikibe.
Gratien azwi cyane nka Seburikoko ,Sekaganda, Papa sava na Ngagi. ibi byamuteje imbere nditse abona nibihembo bitandukanye
Amashuri yize
yize amashuri yibyiciro rusange muri ESI-rutongo,ayisumbuye muri college ya rurima mu karere ka bugesera mwi shami ryubutabire,kaminuza ayiga muri KIE mu ishami rya BIO-GEO nuburezi.
akaba afite impamyabumenyi yikiciro 2 cyahoze ari Kaminuza ya KIE.
IKORANABUHANGA (ubusobanuro)
thumb|technology center|thumb|420x420px|window 10
Ikoranabuhanga
Uburyo bworoshye bwikoranabuhanga niterambere no gukoresha ibikoresho byibanze. Ubuvumbuzi bwa kera bwuburyo bwo kugenzura umuriro na Revolution ya Neolithic nyuma byongereye isoko ibiryo, kandi kuvumbura uruziga byafashaga abantu gutembera no kugenzura ibidukikije. Iterambere mu bihe byamateka, harimo imashini icapa, terefone, na interineti, byagabanije inzitizi z’umubiri ku itumanaho kandi bituma abantu basabana mu bwisanzure ku isi yose. thumb|Inzobere mu ikoranabuhanga thumb|Mudasobwa,Telefoni n'ibikoresho byifashishwa n'abenshi ku isi kugirango bakoreshe ikoranabuhanga mu bucuruzi cyangwa mu manama Ikoranabuhanga rifite ingaruka nziza ndetse nimbi kubizima bwa bantu, Ku bukungu bwisi ndetse no muri politike. Impaka za filozofiya zavutse ku ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga, hamwe no kutumvikana niba ikoranabuhanga ryongera imibereho y'umuntu cyangwa rikarushaho kuba bibi. Neo-Luddism, anarcho-primitivism, hamwe n’ibikorwa bisa n’ibitekerezo byerekana kunenga ikwirakwizwa ry’ikoranabuhanga, bavuga ko byangiza ibidukikije kandi bitandukanya abantu; abashyigikiye ingengabitekerezo nka transhumanism na techno-progressivism babona ko iterambere ryikoranabuhanga rikomeje kugirira akamaro.muntu.
Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ryatumye habaho impinduka zikomeye muri sosiyete. Ikoranabuhanga rya mbere rizwi cyane ni igikoresho cyamabuye, cyakoreshejwe mugihe cyabanjirije amateka, gikurikirwa no kugenzura umuriro, wagize uruhare mu mikurire yubwonko bwabantu no guteza imbere ururimi mugihe cyibarafu. Guhimba ibiziga mugihe cya Bronze byatumye ingendo nini no gukora imashini zigoye. Ibintu bishya byavumbuwe mu ikoranabuhanga, harimo icapiro, terefone, na interineti, byagabanije inzitizi zitumanaho kandi bitangiza ubukungu bw’ubumenyi.
Nubwo ikoranabuhanga rigira uruhare mu iterambere ry’ubukungu no kuzamura iterambere ry’abantu, rishobora kandi kugira ingaruka mbi nko guhumana cyangwa kugabanuka kw’umutungo, cyangwa rishobora guteza ingaruka mbi ku mibereho nk’ubushomeri bw’ikoranabuhanga buturuka ku kwikora. Kubera iyo mpamvu, hakomeje kubaho ibiganiro mpaka bya filozofiya na politiki bijyanye n'uruhare n'ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga, imyitwarire y'ikoranabuhanga, n'inzira zo kugabanya ingaruka mbi zishobora kubaho.
Guhera mu kinyejana cya 19, Abanyaburayi bo ku mugabane wa Afurika batangiye gukoresha ijambo Technik (Ikidage) cyangwa tekinike (Igifaransa) bashaka kuvuga 'inzira yo gukora', ikubiyemo ibihangano byose bya tekiniki, nko kubyina, kugenda, cyangwa gucapa, niba atari byo ibikoresho cyangwa ibikoresho bisabwa. y'ubuhanzi n'ubukorikori. "[2]: 117 Kubera ko itandukaniro riri hagati ya Technik na Technologie ridahari mu Cyongereza, byombi byahinduwe nk'ikoranabuhanga. Iri jambo mbere ntiryari risanzwe mu Cyongereza kandi ahanini ryerekezaga ku myigire y'amasomo, nko mu Ishuri Rikuru ry'ikoranabuhanga rya Massachusetts.
Ikoranabuhanga rya kera
Ibikoresho byabanje gukorwa na hominide binyuze mu kwitegereza no kugerageza no kwibeshya. Hafi ya 2 Mya (mu myaka miriyoni ishize), bamenye gukora ibikoresho byambere byamabuye bakoresheje inyundo zometse ku ibuye, bakora ishoka y'intoki ityaye. Iyi myitozo yatunganijwe kya 75 (imyaka ibihumbi ishize) kugirango ihindagurika, ituma akazi keza cyane.
Umusigiti wa Kismayo
thumb|Umusigiti wa Mambrui - Jumaa - panoramio thumb|umusigiti wa Kismayo Umusigiti wa Kismayo (izina mu Icyongereza: Kismayo mosque) uri mu igihugu cya Kenya
IKORANABUHANGA (ubusobanuro)
Ikoranabuhanga rya kera
Ivumburwa ry'umuriro Charles Darwin yavuze ko "bishoboka ko ari ikintu gikomeye kuruta ibindi byose byakozwe n'umuntu". Ibyataburuwe mu matongo, imirire, n'imibereho byerekana "gukoresha umuriro-muntu" byibuze 1.5 Mya. Umuriro, ushyizwemo ibiti n'amakara, watumaga abantu bo hambere bateka ibiryo byabo kugira ngo bongere igogorwa ryabyo, bongere agaciro kintungamubiri ndetse no kwagura ibiryo byashoboraga kuribwa. Igitekerezo cyo guteka kivuga ko ubushobozi bwo guteka bwateje ubwiyongere bw'ubwonko bwa hominid, nubwo abashakashatsi bamwe basanga ibimenyetso bidafite ishingiro. Ibimenyetso byubucukuzi bwamatara byanditswe kuri 790 kya; abashakashatsi bemeza ko ibyo bishoboka ko byakajije umurego mu mibanire y'abantu kandi bishobora kuba byaragize uruhare mu kuvuka kw'ururimi. [15]
Umusigiti wa Palm
thumb|Palm Mosque ( Umusigiti wa Palm) Umusigiti wa Palm (izina mu Icyongereza: Palm Mosque) uherereye mu igihugu cya Kenya
IKORANABUHANGA (ubusobanuro)
Ikoranabuhanga rya kera
Izindi terambere ryikoranabuhanga ryakozwe mugihe cya paleolithique zirimo imyenda nuburaro. Nta bwumvikane bubaho mugihe cyagereranijwe cyo kwifashisha ikoranabuhanga, ariko abahanga mu bucukumbuzi bw'ibyataburuwe mu matongo bavumbuye ibimenyetso bya kera byerekana imyambaro 90-120 kya [18] hamwe n’ubuhungiro 450 kya. Mugihe ibihe bya Paleolithique byagendaga bitera imbere, amazu yarushijeho kuba meza kandi arambuye; nko muri 380 kya, abantu bubakaga utuzu twibiti byigihe gito. [19] Imyambarire, yakuwe mu bwoya no guhisha inyamaswa zahigwaga, zafashaga ikiremwamuntu kwaguka mu turere dukonje; abantu batangiye kwimuka bava muri Afrika hafi 200 kya, babanza kwimukira muri Aziya. [21] [22] [23]
Umusigiti wa Putra
Umusigiti wa Putra (izina mu kimalayi: Masjid Putra) ni umusigiti i Putrajaya muri Malesiya.
IKORANABUHANGA (ubusobanuro)
Neolithic
Ibikoresho byinshi bya Neolithic, harimo ibikomo, imitwe, ishoka, nibikoresho byo gusya
Impinduramatwara ya Neolithic (cyangwa Impinduramatwara ya mbere y’ubuhinzi) yazanye umuvuduko wo guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, ndetse no kwiyongera kw’imibereho. Uwitekaguhimba ishoka yamabuye isennye yari intambwe ikomeye yemerera gutema amashyamba manini no guhinga. Uku gukoresha amashoka yamabuye yashegeshwe byiyongereye cyane muri Neolithique ariko mu ntangiriro byakoreshwaga muri Mesolithique yabanjirije mu bice bimwe na bimwe nka Irilande. Ubuhinzi bwagaburiye abaturage benshi, kandi kwimukira mu bwigunge byatumaga kurera icyarimwe abana benshi, kubera ko impinja zitagikenewe gutwarwa ninzererezi. Byongeye kandi, abana bashoboraga gutanga umusanzu mu guhinga ibihingwa byoroshye kuruta uko bashobora kwitabira ibikorwa byo guhiga abahigi. [27]
Hamwe n'ubwiyongere bw'abaturage no kuboneka kw'abakozi byaje kwiyongera mu bijyanye n'umurimo. Icyateye iterambere kuva mu midugudu ya Neolithic yo hambere kugera mu mijyi ya mbere, nka Uruk, hamwe n’umuco wa mbere, nka Sumeri, ntabwo bizwi neza; icyakora, havutse inzego z’imibereho n’inzego z’imirimo yihariye, y’ubucuruzi n’intambara hagati y’imico yegeranye, kandi hakenewe ingamba rusange zo gukemura ibibazo by’ibidukikije nko kuhira imyaka, byose bikekwa ko byagize uruhare.
Gukomeza kunonosora byatumye itanura n'inzogera kandi bitanga, ku nshuro ya mbere, ubushobozi bwo gushonga no guhimba zahabu, umuringa, ifeza, na sisitemu - ibyuma kavukire biboneka mu buryo busa neza muri kamere. [31] Ibyiza by'ibikoresho by'umuringa kuruta amabuye, amagufwa n'ibiti byagaragaye vuba ku bantu bo hambere, kandi umuringa kavukire ushobora kuba warakoreshejwe kuva mu ntangiriro z'ibihe bya Neolithic (hafi 10 ka). Umuringa kavukire ntusanzwe ubaho kubwinshi, ariko amabuye yumuringa arasanzwe kandi amwe murimwe atanga ibyuma byoroshye mugihe yatwitswe mubiti cyangwa mumakara. Amaherezo, gukora ibyuma byatumye havumburwa ibivangwa nk'umuringa n'umuringa (ahagana mu 4000 BGC). Gukoresha bwa mbere ibivangwa n'ibyuma nk'ibyuma byatangiye nko mu 1.800 MIC. [33]
Ikoranabuhanga rya kera
Uruziga rwavumbuwe ahagana mu 4000 MIC.
Nyuma yo gukoresha umuriro, abantu bavumbuye ubundi buryo bw'ingufu. Ikoreshwa rya mbere ryimbaraga zumuyaga nubwato bugenda; amateka ya mbere yubwato munsi yubwato ni ubw'ubwato bwa Nili bwanditswe nko mu 7000 MIC. Kuva mu bihe byabanjirije amateka, Abanyamisiri birashoboka ko bakoresheje imbaraga z’umwuzure w’umwaka wa Nili mu kuhira ubutaka bwabo, buhoro buhoro biga kugenzura byinshi muri byo binyuze mu nzira zo kuhira nkana no "gufata". Abasumeriya ba kera muri Mezopotamiya bakoresheje uburyo bugoye bw'imiyoboro n'imigezi kugira ngo bavomye amazi mu ruzi rwa Tigiri na Efurate kugira ngo bavomere.
Abacukuzi b'ibyataburuwe mu matongo bavuga ko uruziga rwavumbuwe mu bwigenge kandi icyarimwe muri Mezopotamiya (muri Iraki y'ubu), Caucase y'Amajyaruguru (umuco wa Maykop), n'Uburayi bwo hagati. [38] Ikigereranyo cyigihe kiri hagati ya 5.500 na 3000 BGC hamwe nabahanga benshi babishyira hafi 4000 MIC. Ibicuruzwa bya kera cyane bishushanyije bishushanya amakarito y’ibiziga byatangiye ahagana mu 3.500 MIC. Vuba aha, ibiziga bya kera bizwi cyane ku isi byabonetse mu gishanga cya Ljubljana cyo muri Siloveniya.
Ivumburwa ryibiziga ryahinduye ubucuruzi nintambara. Ntibyatinze kubona ko amagare afite ibiziga ashobora gukoreshwa mu gutwara imitwaro iremereye. Abasumeriya ba kera bakoreshaga uruziga rw'umubumbyi kandi bashobora kuba barabihimbye. Uruziga rw'ibumba rwabonetse mu mujyi-wa Ur rwatangiye ahagana mu 3,429 MIC, [43] ndetse n'ibice bishaje by'ibibumbano byajugunywe ibiziga byavumbuwe mu gace kamwe. Ibiziga byihuta (bizunguruka) byafashaga kubyara hakiri kare ububumbyi, ariko ni ugukoresha uruziga nka transformateur yingufu (binyuze mumuzinga wamazi, imashini yumuyaga, ndetse no gukandagira) byahinduye ikoreshwa ryamashanyarazi adafite ubumuntu. Amagare ya mbere y’ibiziga bibiri yakomotse kuri travois [44] kandi yakoreshejwe bwa mbere muri Mezopotamiya na Irani ahagana mu 3.000 MIC.
Umuhanda wa kera uzwi cyane wubatswe ni umuhanda wubatswe namabuye yumujyi wa leta yumujyi wa Ur, guhera nko mu 4000 MIC, [45] hamwe n’imihanda y'ibiti inyura mu bishanga bya Glastonbury, mu Bwongereza, guhera mu gihe kimwe. Umuhanda wa mbere muremure, watangiye gukoreshwa ahagana mu 3.500 MIC, [45] wanyuze mu birometero 2,400 uvuye mu kigobe cy'Ubuperesi kugera ku nyanja ya Mediterane, [45] ariko ntiwubatswe kandi washyizweho igice gusa. [45] Ahagana mu mwaka wa 2000 MIC, Abamino ku kirwa cya Kirete cy'Ubugereki bubatse umuhanda wa kilometero 50 uva ku ngoro ya Gortyn mu majyepfo y'icyo kirwa, unyuze ku misozi, ugana ku ngoro ya Knossos mu majyaruguru y'icyo kirwa. 45] Bitandukanye n'umuhanda wambere, umuhanda wa Minoan washyizweho kaburimbo.
Amazu ya kera ya Minoan yari afite amazi atemba. Ubwiherero busa nubwa kijyambere bwavumbuwe mu ngoro ya Knoss. [47] Amazu menshi yigenga ya Minoan nayo yari afite ubwiherero, bwashoboraga gutwarwa no gusuka amazi kumugezi. Abanyaroma ba kera bari bafite ubwiherero rusange bwogejwe, [48] busohoka muri sisitemu yimyanda ihebuje. Umuyoboro wibanze i Roma ni Cloaca Maxima; kubaka byatangiye kuri yo mu kinyejana cya gatandatu MIC kandi n'ubu biracyakoreshwa.
Abanyaroma ba kera na bo bari bafite gahunda igoye y'amazi, [46] yakoreshwaga mu gutwara amazi mu ntera ndende. Umuyoboro wa mbere w’Abaroma wubatswe mu 312 MIC. Umuyoboro wa cumi na rimwe kandi wanyuma wubatswe n’Abaroma wubatswe mu 226 IC. Dushyize hamwe, imiyoboro y'Abaroma yaguye hejuru ya kilometero 450, [46] ariko munsi ya kilometero 70 zibi byari hejuru yubutaka kandi ishyigikiwe ninkuta.
Ikoranabuhanga ryo mu gihe cyo hagati hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga rya Renaissance
Udushya twakomeje mu gihe cyo hagati hamwe no gutangiza umusaruro w'ubudodo (muri Aziya no mu Burayi nyuma), umukufi w'amafarashi, hamwe n'amafarashi. Imashini zoroshye (nka lever, screw, na pulley) zahujwe mubikoresho bigoye cyane, nka gare yimodoka, imashini yumuyaga, nisaha. Sisitemu ya kaminuza yateje imbere kandi ikwirakwiza ibitekerezo n'ibikorwa bya siyansi, harimo Oxford na Cambridge.
Igihe cya Renaissance cyatanze udushya twinshi, harimo no kwinjiza imashini yimashini yimuka i Burayi, byorohereza itumanaho ry'ubumenyi. Ikoranabuhanga ryarushijeho guterwa na siyanse, ritangira uruziga rwo gutera imbere.
Impinduramatwara mu nganda
Guhera mu Bwongereza mu kinyejana cya 18, kuvumbura ingufu z'amashanyarazi byatangije impinduramatwara mu nganda, aho byagaragaye ko hari ibintu byinshi byavumbuwe mu ikoranabuhanga, cyane cyane mu bijyanye n'ubuhinzi, inganda, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, metallurgie, n'ubwikorezi, ndetse no gukoreshwa cyane. sisitemu y'uruganda. Ibyo byakurikijwe nyuma yikinyejana na Revolution ya kabiri yinganda zatumye habaho kuvumbura siyanse byihuse, kubisanzwe, no kubyara umusaruro. Hakozwe ikoranabuhanga rishya, harimo sisitemu y’imyanda, amashanyarazi, amatara, moteri y’amashanyarazi, gari ya moshi, imodoka, n’indege. Iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ryatumye habaho iterambere rikomeye mu buvuzi, ubutabire, ubugenge, n’ubuhanga. Baherekejwe n’imihindagurikire y’imibereho, hashyizweho ibishushanyo mbonera biherekejwe n’imijyi yihuse. Itumanaho ryateye imbere hifashishijwe telegraph, terefone, radiyo na televiziyo.
Ikinyejana cya 20 cyazanye udushya twinshi. Muri fiziki, kuvumbura ibice bya kirimbuzi mugihe cya Atome byatumye haba intwaro za kirimbuzi ndetse nimbaraga za kirimbuzi. Mudasobwa zavumbuwe hanyuma zihindurwa ziva mubigereranyo zijya kuri digitale muri Digital Revolution. Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho, cyane cyane fibre optique hamwe na optique ya optique yatumye havuka interineti, yatangije mugihe cyamakuru. Ikirere cyo mu kirere cyatangiranye no gutangiza Sputnik 1 mu 1957, nyuma haza gutangizwa ubutumwa bw’abakozi ku kwezi mu myaka ya za 1960. Imbaraga zateguwe zo gushakisha ubwenge bw’isi bwakoresheje telesikopi ya radiyo kugira ngo imenye ibimenyetso byo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga, cyangwa tekinoroji, itangwa n’abanyamahanga. Mu buvuzi, hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rishya mu gusuzuma (CT, PET, na MRI scanning), kuvura (nka mashini ya dialyse, defibrillator, pacemaker, hamwe n’imiti myinshi y’imiti mishya y’imiti), n’ubushakashatsi (nka clon ya interferon na microarray ya ADN). [56]
Inganda zinganda n’ubwubatsi n’amashyirahamwe birakenewe kugirango dukore kandi tubungabunge ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, kandi inganda zose zaravutse kugirango zitezimbere ibisekuruza bizaza byibikoresho bigoye cyane. Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rigenda ryishingikiriza ku mahugurwa n’uburezi - ababishushanya, abubatsi, ababungabunga, n’abakoresha akenshi bakeneye amahugurwa akomeye kandi yihariye. Byongeye kandi, tekinoroji imaze kuba ingorabahizi kuburyo imirima yose yateye imbere kugirango ibashyigikire, harimo ubwubatsi, ubuvuzi, na siyanse ya mudasobwa; n'indi mirima imaze kuba ingorabahizi, nk'ubwubatsi, ubwikorezi, n'ubwubatsi.
=Akamaro k'ikoranabuhanga=
Ikoranabuhanga na societe
Guhindura ikoranabuhanga nimpamvu nyamukuru itera ubukungu bwigihe kirekire. [58] Mu mateka ya muntu, umusaruro w’ingufu nizo mbogamizi nyamukuru mu iterambere ry’ubukungu, kandi ikoranabuhanga rishya ryemereye abantu kongera cyane ingufu ziboneka. Ubwa mbere haje umuriro, watumaga ibiryo byinshi byokurya bitandukanye, kandi bigatuma bidasaba umubiri kubisya. Umuriro kandi watumaga gushonga, no gukoresha amabati, umuringa, nicyuma, bikoreshwa muguhiga cyangwa gucuruza. Nyuma haje kubaho impinduramatwara mu buhinzi: abantu ntibagikeneye guhiga cyangwa guterana ngo babeho, maze batangira gutura mu mijyi no mu migi, bashinga imiryango igoye, ifite ingabo ndetse n’amadini atunganijwe neza.
Ikoranabuhanga ryagize uruhare mu mibereho ya muntu binyuze mu gutera imbere, kuzamura ihumure nubuzima bwiza, niterambere ryubuvuzi, ariko birashobora kandi guhungabanya urwego rwimibereho isanzweho, bigatera umwanda, kandi bikangiza abantu cyangwa amatsinda.
Imyaka yashize yazanye imbuga nkoranyambaga mu muco, hamwe n'ingaruka zishobora kubaho kuri demokarasi, ndetse n'ubukungu n'imibereho myiza. Kera, interineti yabonwaga nk "" ikoranabuhanga ryo kwibohora "ryahindura ubumenyi bwa demokarasi, guteza imbere uburezi, no guteza imbere demokarasi. Ubushakashatsi bugezweho bwahinduye gukora iperereza ku mbogamizi za interineti, zirimo disinformation, polarisation, imvugo yanga, na poropagande.
Kuva mu myaka ya za 70, ingaruka z'ikoranabuhanga ku bidukikije zaranenzwe, bituma ishoramari ryiyongera mu zuba, umuyaga, n'ubundi buryo bw'ingufu zisukuye.
Imodoka y'amashanyarazi ya Volkswagen irimo kubakwa na tekinoroji ya Siemens
Kuva havumburwa uruziga, tekinoroji yafashije kongera umusaruro wubukungu bwabantu. Automatisation yashize yasimbuye kandi yuzuza imirimo; imashini zasimbuye abantu ku mirimo imwe ihembwa make (urugero nko mu buhinzi), ariko ibi byishyuwe no guhanga imirimo mishya, ihembwa menshi. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko mudasobwa zitakoze ubushomeri bukomeye mu ikoranabuhanga. [63] Bitewe nubwenge bwubuhanga bushoboye cyane kuruta mudasobwa, kandi bikiri mu ntangiriro, ntibizwi niba bizakurikiza inzira imwe; ikibazo cyagiye impaka ndende mubukungu nabafata ibyemezo. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2017 bwerekanye ko nta bwumvikane busobanutse mu bahanga mu bijyanye n’ubukungu niba AI yakongera ubushomeri burambye. Nk’uko bigaragazwa n’ihuriro ry’ubukungu ku isi "Kazoza k’akazi ka Raporo 2020", AI biteganijwe ko izasimbura imirimo miliyoni 85 ku isi hose, ikazatanga imirimo mishya miliyoni 97 mu 2025. [65] [66] Kuva mu 1990 kugeza 2007, ubushakashatsi bwakorewe muri Amerika bwakozwe n’umuhanga mu bukungu wa MIT, Daron Acemoglu, bwerekanye ko kwiyongera kwa robo imwe ku bakozi 1.000 byagabanije umubare w’abakozi ku baturage 0.2%, cyangwa abakozi bagera kuri 3.3, kandi umushahara wagabanutseho 0.42%. [67] [68] Impungenge zijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga risimbuza imirimo y'abantu ariko ziraramba. Nkuko perezida wa Amerika, Lyndon Johnson yabivuze mu 1964, “Ikoranabuhanga ririmo gutanga amahirwe mashya n'inshingano nshya kuri twe, amahirwe yo kongera umusaruro no gutera imbere; inshingano yo kumenya neza ko nta mukozi, nta muryango ugomba kwishyura ikiguzi kidakwiye kugira ngo utere imbere. ” amaze gushyira umukono kuri komisiyo y'igihugu ishinzwe ikoranabuhanga, Automation, n’iterambere ry’ubukungu. [69] [70] [71] [72] [73]
Umutekano
Hamwe no kwishingikiriza ku ikoranabuhanga, habaye ibibazo by’umutekano n’ibanga hamwe na byo. Abantu babarirwa muri za miriyari bakoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo kwishyura kuri interineti, nka WeChat Pay, PayPal, Alipay, nibindi byinshi kugirango bafashe kohereza amafaranga. Nubwo hashyizweho ingamba z'umutekano, abagizi ba nabi bamwe na bamwe barashobora kubarenga. Muri Werurwe 2022, Koreya ya Ruguru yakoresheje Blender.io, ivanga ryabafashaga guhisha ivunjisha ryabo, kugira ngo binjize amadolari arenga miliyoni 20.5 y’amadolari, muri Axie Infinity, kandi bibye nyir'imikino amafaranga arenga miliyoni 600. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Ishami ry’imari ya Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika ryemereye Blender.io, bikaba bibaye ku nshuro ya mbere ifata ingamba zo kuvanga imvange, kugira ngo igerageze no guhashya ba hackers bo muri Koreya ya Ruguru. [75] [76] Ibanga ryibanga ryibanga ryaganiriweho. Nubwo abakiriya benshi bakunda ubuzima bwite bwibanga, benshi bavuga kandi ko bikeneye gukorera mu mucyo no gushikama.
Ibidukikije
Ikoranabuhanga ryagize ingaruka ku isi n'ingaruka mbi kandi nziza ku bidukikije, ubusanzwe bikaba bihindura ibyangiritse byambere, nka; ishyirwaho ry’umwanda no kugerageza gukuraho umwanda wavuzwe, [77] gutema amashyamba no guhindura amashyamba, [78] n’amavuta yamenetse. Ibi byose byagize ingaruka zikomeye kubidukikije byisi. Nkuko ikoranabuhanga ryateye imbere, ni nako bigira ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije, hamwe no kurekura imyuka ihumanya ikirere, nka metani na dioxyde de carbone, mu kirere, bigatera ingaruka za pariki, bigashyushya isi buhoro buhoro kandi bigatera ubushyuhe ku isi. Ibi byose byarushijeho kuba bibi hamwe n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga.
Umwanda
Umwanda, kuba hari umwanda mubidukikije bitera ingaruka mbi, washoboraga kuboneka hakiri kare ingoma ya Inca. Bakoresheje amasasu ya sulfide ayobora mu gucukura amabuye y'agaciro, hamwe no gukoresha itanura ry'ibumba ryakozwe n'umuyaga, ryarekuraga mu kirere no mu migezi y'inzuzi.
Filozofiya yikoranabuhanga
Filozofiya y’ikoranabuhanga ni ishami rya filozofiya yiga "imyitozo yo gushushanya no gukora ibihangano", n "" imiterere yibintu byaremwe. "[81] Yagaragaye nka disipuline mu binyejana bibiri bishize, kandi ikura" ku buryo bugaragara "kuva mu myaka ya za 70. [82] Filozofiya y’ikiremwamuntu yita ku "busobanuro bw'ikoranabuhanga, n'ingaruka zabyo kuri sosiyete n'umuco".
Ku ikubitiro, ikoranabuhanga ryagaragaye nko kwagura ibinyabuzima byabantu byigana cyangwa byongereye umubiri n'ubushobozi bwo mu mutwe. Marx yayigize nk'igikoresho cyakoreshejwe n'abashoramari mu gukandamiza proletariat, ariko yizeraga ko ikoranabuhanga ryaba imbaraga zibohoza mu buryo bwuzuye "nibimara gukurwa mu mibereho y'abaturage". Abafilozofe bo mu cyiciro cya kabiri nka Ortega nyuma bahinduye ibitekerezo byabo mu bukungu na politiki bajya mu "buzima bwa buri munsi no kubaho mu muco wa tekinoloji," bavuga ko ikoranabuhanga rishobora gukandamiza "ndetse n'abayoboke ba burugumesitiri bari ba shebuja kandi bafite ba nyirawo." Abafilozofe bo mu cyiciro cya gatatu nka Don Ihde na Albert Borgmann bagereranya impinduka iganisha kuri rusange no kwishyira ukizana, kandi bagatekereza uburyo abantu bashobora kwiga kubana n'ikoranabuhanga. [82] [Urupapuro rukenewe]
Bourse yo hambere kubijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga yagabanijwemo ingingo ebyiri: kugena ikoranabuhanga, no kubaka imibereho. Kugena ikoranabuhanga ni igitekerezo cy'uko ikoranabuhanga ritera impinduka mu mibereho idashobora kwirindwa. Abubaka imibereho [ninde?] Bavuga ko ikoranabuhanga ridakurikiza iterambere risanzwe, kandi rishingiye ku ndangagaciro z'umuco, amategeko, politiki, no gushimangira ubukungu. Bourse ya kijyambere yagiye yerekeza ku isesengura rya sisitemu ya tekiniki, "guteranya ibintu, abantu, imikorere, nubusobanuro", urebye imanza zagaciro zerekana ikoranabuhanga. [84] [urupapuro rukenewe]
Umunenga w’umuco Neil Postman yatandukanije societe zikoresha ibikoresho n’imiryango y’ikoranabuhanga ndetse n’icyo yise "technopolies", sosiyete yiganjemo ingengabitekerezo y’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga na siyansi byangiza indi mico, indangagaciro, ndetse n’ibitekerezo by’isi. [86] Herbert Marcuse na John Zerzan bavuga ko byanze bikunze sosiyete y’ikoranabuhanga izatubuza umudendezo n’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe.
Imyitwarire yikoranabuhanga
Imyitwarire yikoranabuhanga nisoko rinyuranye ryimyitwarire isesengura ingaruka zikoranabuhanga kandi ikanashakisha uburyo bwo kugabanya ingaruka mbi ziterwa nikoranabuhanga rishya. Hariho ibibazo byinshi by'imyitwarire ishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga, uhereye ku bice bimwe byibandwaho byibanda ku banyamwuga bakorana n'ikoranabuhanga kugeza ku mibereho migari, imyitwarire, n'amategeko mu bijyanye n'uruhare rw'ikoranabuhanga muri sosiyete no mu buzima bwa buri munsi. [88]
Impaka zikomeye zazengurutse ibinyabuzima byahinduwe mu buryo bwa geneti, gukoresha abasirikari ba robo, kubogama kwa algorithmic, n'ikibazo cyo guhuza imyitwarire ya AI n'indangagaciro z'umuntu [89]
Ikigo Gishinzwe Amategeko Mpuzamahanga Arengera Ibidukikije
thumb|Ikigo Gishinzwe Amategeko Mpuzamahanga Arengera Ibidukikije Ikigo Gishinzwe Amategeko Mpuzamahanga Arengera Ibidukikije (CIEL ; izina mu cyongereza: Center for International Environmental Law) ni umuryango udaharanira inyungu urengera ubuzimarusange n ibidukikije binyujijwe mu bigo n amategeko mpuzamahanga. Uvuga ko ubucuruzibugomba gukorwa hakurikijwe amategeko arengera abantu n ibidukikije. thumb|Ibidukikije birimo amazi ndetse n'ibyatsi biri ku butaka thumb|Ibidukikije habonekamo n'inyamaswa zitandukanye
Claire Karekezi
thumb|Dr Claire Karekezi
Umusigiti wa Imam Baqir
Umusigiti wa Imam Baqir (izina mu cyarabu: ?) ni umusigiti i Surra muri Koweti.
Intara y’Antalya
Intara y’Antalya (izina mu giturukiya : Antalya ili) n’intara muri Turukiya. Umurwa mukuru w’intara y’Antalya witwa umujyi w’Antalya. Abaturage 1,978,333.
Umusigiti wa Mambrui-Moschea
thumb|Umusigiti wa Mambrui - Moschea - panoramio thumb|umusigiti wa Mambrui Umusigiti wa Mambrui-Moschea (Izina mu Icyongereza: Mambrui -Moschea Mosque) uri mu igihugu cya Kenya
Umusigiti w’Umwami Hussain
Umusigiti w’Umwami Hussain (izina mu cyarabu: مسجد الملك حسين) ni umusigiti i Amman muri Yorudani.
IKORANABUHANGA (ubusobanuro)
Imyitwarire yikoranabuhanga
Ishami rinini ryimyitwarire yikoranabuhanga ryita kumyitwarire yubwenge bwubuhanga: rikubiyemo imyitwarire ya robo, ikemura ibibazo byimyitwarire igira uruhare mugushushanya, kubaka, gukoresha, no kuvura robo, [91] kimwe nubwitonzi bwimashini, aribyo ashishikajwe no kumenya imyitwarire yimyitwarire yubukorikori. Mu rwego rwimyitwarire ya AI, ibibazo byingenzi byubushakashatsi ariko bitarakemuka harimo guhuza AI (kwemeza ko imyitwarire ya AI ihujwe nintego zabo n’inyungu zabo) hamwe no kugabanya kubogama kwa algorithmic. Bamwe mu bashakashatsi baburiye kwirinda ingaruka ziterwa no gufata AI, banasaba ko hakoreshwa uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushobozi bwa AI hiyongereyeho uburyo bwo guhuza AI.
Izindi nzego zerekeye imyitwarire zagombaga guhangana n’ibibazo bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga, harimo imyitwarire ya gisirikare, imyitwarire y’itangazamakuru, n’imyitwarire y’uburezi.