cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
UBUHANZI
Amateka
Mu burasirazuba, ibihangano bya kisilamu kwanga amashusho byatumye hibandwa ku buryo bwa geometrike, imyandikire, hamwe n’ubwubatsi. Iburasirazuba, idini ryiganje muburyo bwubuhanzi. Ubuhinde na Tibet byibanze cyane ku bishushanyo bishushanyije n'imbyino, mu gihe amadini yashushanyaga amakoraniro menshi mu bishushanyo kandi yerekanaga amabara atandukanye cyane yibanda ku murongo. Ubushinwa bwabonye iterambere ryubuhanzi bwinshi: kubaza jade, gukora umuringa, ububumbyi (harimo ningabo za terracotta zitangaje zumwami w'abami Qin [43]), imivugo, imyandikire, umuziki, gushushanya, ikinamico, ibihimbano, nibindi. gihe kandi buriwese yitiriwe ingoma y'ubutegetsi. Nkurugero, amashusho yingoma ya Tang ni monochromatic kandi ni gake, ashimangira ahantu nyaburanga, ariko ibishushanyo by’ingoma ya Ming birahuze kandi bifite amabara, kandi byibanda ku kuvuga inkuru ukoresheje imiterere n'ibihimbano. Ubuyapani bwita imiterere yabyo nyuma yingoma yubwami nabwo, kandi bwabonye imikoranire myinshi hagati yuburyo bwo kwandika no gushushanya. Gucapa ibiti byabaye ingirakamaro mu Buyapani nyuma yikinyejana cya 17. [45]
Igishushanyo cyabashinwa cyumuhanzi wingoma yingoma Ma Lin, c. 1250. 24.8 × 25.2 cm
Modernism, gushakisha ibitekerezo byukuri, byatanze igice cyanyuma cyikinyejana cya 20 kugirango tumenye ko bidashoboka. Theodor W. Adorno mu 1970, yagize ati: "Ubu byafashwe nk'ukuri ko nta kintu na kimwe kireba ubuhanzi gishobora gufatwa nk'ikindi: haba ubuhanzi ubwabwo, cyangwa ubuhanzi bufitanye isano na bose, ndetse n'uburenganzira bw'ubuhanzi bwo kubaho." [50] Relativism yemerwa nkukuri kudashobora kwirindwa, kwatumye habaho ibihe byubuhanzi bugezweho no kunengwa nyuma ya postmodern, aho imico yisi ndetse namateka bigaragara ko ihinduka ryimiterere, ishobora gushimwa no gukururwa gusa no gushidikanya no gushinyagura. Byongeye kandi, gutandukanya imico biragenda bisobanuka kandi bamwe bavuga ko ubu ari byinshi bikwiye gutekereza ukurikije umuco wisi yose, aho gutekereza kumarere.
Amateka, ubuhanzi nubuhanzi nubuhanga nibitekerezo byakwirakwijwe mubucuruzi. Urugero rwibi ni Umuhanda wa Silk, aho Abagiriki, Abanyayirani, Abahinde n'Abashinwa bashobora kuvanga. Ubuhanzi bwa Budisti ya Greco nimwe murugero rugaragara rwimikoranire. Ihuriro ryimico itandukanye nuburyo isi nayo yagize uruhare mubuhanzi. Urugero rwibi ni urugero rw’imico itandukanye ya Trieste mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, aho James Joyce yahuye n'abanditsi baturutse mu Burayi bwo hagati ndetse n'iterambere ry'ubuhanzi mu mujyi wa New York nk'inkono ishonga umuco. [52] [53] [54]
Ingaruka zose zubushyuhe.
Ingaruka zose zububushyuhe ni ukuvuga ko uretse igipimo gishoboka cy' ubushyuhe bw'isi gikoreshwa mugusobanura ibitera ubushuhe bw'isi.
UBUHANZI
Imiterere, injyana, itangazamakuru, nuburyo
Napoleon I ku ntebe ye ya cyami na Ingres (Igifaransa, 1806), amavuta kuri canvas
Ingaruka zose zubushyuhe.
Nukuvuga ko uruvange rw’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere muburyo buziguye (ibikomoka kuri petoroli) n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere muburyo butaziguye (gutwika ibidukikije) bitanga ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.
UBUHANZI
Imiterere, injyana, itangazamakuru, nuburyo
Ingingo nyamukuru: Ubuhanzi
Adjeiwaa Nyamekye
Ishakiro
Ikiciro:Afurika Ikiciro:Iterambere rya Afurica Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika Ikiciro:Ubuzima Bwiza Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo
UBUHANZI
Imiterere, injyana, itangazamakuru, nuburyo
Muri rusange hariho amashuri atatu ya filozofiya yerekeye ubuhanzi, yibanda ku miterere, ibirimo, n'imiterere. Gukabya gukabije ni ukureba ko ibintu byose byiza byubuhanzi byemewe (ni ukuvuga igice cyubuhanzi). Abafilozofe hafi ya bose banze iki gitekerezo kandi bemeza ko imiterere n'ubwiza bw'ubuhanzi bitarenze ibikoresho, tekiniki, n'imiterere. Kubwamahirwe make, hari ubwumvikane buke kuri terminologiya kuriyi mitungo idasanzwe. Bamwe mu banditsi bavuga ku ngingo n'ibirimo - ni ukuvuga, ibisobanuro n'ibisobanuro - mu gihe abandi bakunda amagambo nk'ubusobanuro n'akamaro.
Intentionalism ikabije ivuga ko intego zemewe zigira uruhare rukomeye mugusobanura umurimo wubuhanzi, gutanga ibirimo cyangwa igitekerezo cyingenzi, mugihe ibindi bisobanuro byose bishobora gutabwa. Irasobanura isomo nkabantu cyangwa igitekerezo bahagarariwe, [60] nibirimo nkubunararibonye bwumuhanzi kuriyi ngingo. Kurugero, ibihimbano bya Napoleon I ku ntebe ye ya cyami yatijwe igice cya shusho ya Zewusi muri Olympia. Nkuko bigaragazwa n’umutwe, ingingo ni Napoleon, kandi ibiyikubiyemo ni Ingres igereranya Napoleon nka "Umwami-Mana birenze igihe n'umwanya". Mu buryo nk'ubwo, uburyo bukabije, abahanga mu bya filozofiya banze ubushake bukabije, kubera ko ubuhanzi bushobora kuba bufite ibisobanuro byinshi bidasobanutse kandi intego y'ubutegetsi irashobora kutamenyekana bityo bikaba ntaho bihuriye. Ubusobanuro bwayo bukumira "ni ubuzima butameze neza, filozofiya idashoboka, na politiki idafite ubwenge".
Hanyuma, ibitekerezo byiterambere byubaka nyuma yubuyobozi byiga akamaro k'ubuhanzi mubijyanye n'umuco, nk'ibitekerezo, amarangamutima, n'ibisubizo biterwa n'umurimo. [62] Imiterere yumuco akenshi igabanuka kubuhanga nintego zumuhanzi, aho isesengura rikorwa kumurongo usa nubusambanyi nubushake. Ariko, mubindi bihe, amateka n'amateka bishobora kuba byiganje, nk'imyizerere ishingiye ku idini na filozofiya, imibereho ya politiki n'ubukungu, ndetse n'ikirere na geografiya. Kunegura ibihangano bikomeje kwiyongera no gutera imbere hamwe nubuhanzi.
Ubuhanga n'ubukorikori
Iremwa rya Adamu, ibisobanuro birambuye kuri fresco ya Michelangelo muri Chapel ya Sistine (1511)
Ubuhanzi bushobora guhuza imyumvire yubushobozi bwatojwe cyangwa ubuhanga bwikigereranyo. Ubuhanzi bushobora kandi kwerekeza ku gukoresha neza kandi neza gukoresha ururimi kugirango utange ibisobanuro byihuse cyangwa ubujyakuzimu. Ubuhanzi bushobora gusobanurwa nkigikorwa cyo kwerekana ibyiyumvo, ibitekerezo, no kwitegereza.
Hariho gusobanukirwa kugerwaho nibikoresho nkibisubizo byo kubikemura, byorohereza ibitekerezo byumuntu. Igitekerezo rusange ni uko ibihangano bya epithet, cyane cyane muburyo bwayo bwo hejuru, bisaba urwego runaka rwubuhanga bwo guhanga umuhanzi, byaba ibi byerekana ubushobozi bwa tekiniki, umwimerere muburyo bwa stylistic, cyangwa guhuza ibi byombi. Ubusanzwe ubuhanga bwo kwicwa bwari bifatwa nkubuziranenge budashobora gutandukana nubuhanzi bityo bukenewe kugirango bigerweho; kuri Leonardo da Vinci, ubuhanzi, butarenze cyangwa butari munsi y'ibindi bikorwa bye, bwari uburyo bwo kwerekana ubuhanga. Igikorwa cya Rembrandt, ubu cyashimiwe imico myiza yacyo, cyashimiwe cyane nabari mu gihe cye kubera ubuhanga bwacyo. [65] Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, ibitaramo bya adroit byakozwe na John Singer Sargent byongeye gushimwa no kurebwa no gushidikanya kubera kuvuga neza intoki, [66] nyamara icyarimwe icyarimwe umuhanzi uzaba ikirangirire muri iki gihe cyamenyekanye cyane kandi cyitwa peripatetic, Pablo Picasso, yarangizaga imyitozo gakondo yamasomo yatsindiye. [67]
Ibisobanuro birambuye kuri Mona Lisa ya Leonardo da Vinci, c. 1503–1506, yerekana tekinike yo gushushanya ya sfumato
Kunengwa muri iki gihe kunenga ibihangano bimwe na bimwe bigezweho bibaho kumurongo wo kwanga kugaragara nkubuhanga cyangwa ubushobozi busabwa mugukora ibintu byubuhanzi. Mu buhanzi bw'ibitekerezo, Isoko ya Marcel Duchamp iri mu ngero za mbere z'ibice aho umuhanzi yakoresheje ibintu byavumbuwe ("biteguye") kandi nta buhanga yari asanzwe azwi. [69] Uburiri bwanjye bwa Tracey Emin, cyangwa Damien Hirst's Ntibishoboka Urupfu Mubitekerezo byumuntu ubaho ukurikiza uru rugero kandi ukanayobora itangazamakuru. Emin yararaga (kandi akora ibindi bikorwa) mu buriri bwe mbere yo gushyira ibisubizo mubitabo nkibikorwa byubuhanzi. Hirst yazanye igishushanyo mbonera cyibikorwa byubuhanzi ariko asiga ibyinshi mubikorwa byahimbwe nibikorwa byinshi kubanyabukorikori bakoreshwa. Icyamamare cya Hirst gishingiye gusa ku bushobozi afite bwo gutanga ibitekerezo bitangaje. Umusaruro nyirizina mubikorwa byinshi byubuhanzi nibigezweho ni ikibazo cyo guteranya ibintu byabonetse. Ariko, hariho abahanzi benshi bigezweho kandi bigezweho bakomeje kuba indashyikirwa mubuhanga bwo gushushanya no gushushanya no guhanga ibihangano byamaboko.
Intego
Igitambaro cya Navajo cyakozwe c. 1880
Mozarabic Beatus miniature. Espanye, mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 10
Ubuhanzi bwagize umubare munini wimirimo itandukanye mumateka yarwo, bigatuma intego yayo igora gukuramo cyangwa kugereranya igitekerezo kimwe. Ibi ntibisobanura ko intego yubuhanzi "idasobanutse", ariko ko ifite impamvu nyinshi zidasanzwe, zitandukanye zo kurema. Bimwe muribi bikorwa byubuhanzi bitangwa murutonde rukurikira. Intego zitandukanye zubuhanzi zishobora guhurizwa hamwe ukurikije izidafite intego, nizitera (Lévi-Strauss). [72]
Imikorere idashishikajwe
Intego zidashishikajwe nubuhanzi nizo zifite uruhare runini mu kuba umuntu, kurenga umuntu, cyangwa kutuzuza intego yihariye yo hanze. Ni muri urwo rwego, Ubuhanzi, nk'ubuhanga, ni ikintu abantu bagomba gukora bitewe na kamere yabo (ni ukuvuga ko nta yandi moko arema ibihangano), bityo bikaba birenze akamaro. [72]
Intangiriro yibanze yumuntu kubwumvikane, kuringaniza, injyana. Ubuhanzi kuri uru rwego ntabwo ari igikorwa cyangwa ikintu, ahubwo ni ugushimira imbere kuringaniza no guhuza (ubwiza), bityo rero ni ikintu cyo kuba umuntu birenze akamaro.
Kwigana rero, ni instinzi imwe ya kamere yacu. Ibikurikira, hariho ubushake bwo 'guhuza' nindirimbo, metero zigaragara mubice byinjyana. Abantu rero, bahereye kuriyi mpano karemano yatejwe imbere na dogere ubuhanga bwabo bwihariye, kugeza ubwo imitekerereze yabo idahwitse yabyaye Ibisigo. - Aristote [73]
Inararibonye z'amayobera. Ubuhanzi butanga uburyo bwo kwibonera umuntu mubijyanye n'isi. Inararibonye irashobora kuza kenshi idashishikajwe, nkuko umuntu ashima ubuhanzi, umuziki cyangwa ibisigo.
Kugaragaza ibitekerezo. Ubuhanzi butanga uburyo bwo kwerekana ibitekerezo muburyo butari ikibonezamvugo butajyanye nuburyo bwo kuvuga cyangwa kwandika. Bitandukanye n'amagambo, aje akurikirana kandi buri kimwe gifite ibisobanuro bisobanutse, ubuhanzi butanga urutonde rwimiterere, ibimenyetso nibitekerezo bifite ibisobanuro byoroshye.
Inkukuma ya Jupiter [nk'urugero rw'ubuhanzi] ntabwo, imeze nk'ibintu byumvikana (estetique) biranga ikintu, igitekerezo cyo gukomera no gukomera kurema, ahubwo ni ikindi kintu - ikintu giha igitekerezo cyo gushishikariza gukwirakwiza indege yacyo hejuru ya urugo rwose rwabavandimwe bahagarariye bitera ibitekerezo byinshi kuruta kwemerera imvugo mubitekerezo byagenwe namagambo. Batanga igitekerezo cyiza, gikora igitekerezo cyumvikana cyavuzwe haruguru nkigisimbuza ibitekerezo byumvikana, ariko hamwe numurimo ukwiye, ariko, wo guhindura ibitekerezo mugukingurira ibyiringiro mubice byerekana ubuvandimwe burenze ken. - Immanuel Kant [75]
Imikorere yimihango nikigereranyo. Mu mico myinshi, ubuhanzi bukoreshwa mumihango, ibitaramo n'imbyino nk'umutako cyangwa ikimenyetso. Nubwo akenshi usanga bidafite intego yihariye (motifike), abahanga mubya antropropologiste bazi ko akenshi bakora intego kurwego rwibisobanuro mumico runaka. Ubu busobanuro ntabwo ari ubwoya nishingwe numuntu uwo ari we wese, ariko akenshi ni ibisubizo byibisekuru byinshi byimpinduka, nubusabane bwikirere mumico.
Intiti nyinshi zivuga ku bicapo cyangwa ibintu byakuwe mu bihe byabanjirije amateka bidashobora gusobanurwa mu magambo akoreshwa bityo bikaba byashyizwe mu rwego rwo gushushanya, imihango cyangwa ibimenyetso, bazi umutego watewe n'ijambo 'ubuhanzi'. - Silva Tomaskova [76]
Imikorere ishishikajwe
Intego yibikorwa byubuhanzi bivuga ibikorwa nkana, byitondewe byabahanzi cyangwa abaremye. Ibi bishobora kuba kuzana impinduka za politiki, gutanga ibisobanuro kubintu bimwe na bimwe bya societe, kwerekana amarangamutima cyangwa imyumvire yihariye, gukemura imitekerereze ya muntu, kwerekana indi disipuline, (hamwe nubuhanzi bwubucuruzi) kugurisha ibicuruzwa, cyangwa gukoreshwa muburyo y'itumanaho. [72] [77]
Itumanaho. Ubuhanzi, muburyo bworoshye, nuburyo bwo gutumanaho. Nkuko uburyo bwinshi bwitumanaho bufite intego cyangwa intego yerekeza kubandi bantu, iyi niyo ntego. Ubuhanzi bushushanya, nkibishushanyo bya siyansi, ni uburyo bwubuhanzi nkitumanaho. Ikarita ni urundi rugero. Ariko, ibirimo ntibigomba kuba siyanse. Amarangamutima, imyumvire n'amarangamutima nabyo bigaragazwa binyuze mubuhanzi.
Avant-Garde. Ubuhanzi bwo guhindura politiki. Imwe mu mikorere isobanura ibihangano byo mu kinyejana cya 20 kwari ugukoresha amashusho agaragara kugirango habeho impinduka za politiki. Ibikorwa byubuhanzi byari bifite iyi ntego - Dadaism, Surrealism, Uburusiya bwubaka, hamwe na Abstract Expressionism, hamwe nabandi - hamwe hamwe bita ubuhanzi bwa avant-garde.
Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, imyifatire ifatika, yatewe inkunga na positivisme, kuva kuri Mutagatifu Tomasi Aquinas kugeza muri Anatole y'Ubufaransa, biragaragara ko kuri njye nanga iterambere iryo ari ryo ryose ry’ubwenge cyangwa umuco. Ndabyanga, kuko bigizwe na mediocrite, urwango, no kwiyemera. Iyi myifatire niyo uyumunsi ibyara ibi bitabo bisekeje, iyi ikinamico itukana. Ihora igaburira kandi ikura imbaraga mubinyamakuru kandi igashimangira siyanse nubuhanzi mugushimangira gushimisha hasi cyane; gusobanuka bihana imbibi, ubuzima bwimbwa. - André Breton (Surrealism) [80]
Ubuhanzi nka "zone yubuntu", yakuwe mubikorwa byo kwamagana imibereho. Bitandukanye n’imigendekere ya avant-garde, yashakaga gukuraho itandukaniro ry’umuco hagamijwe kubyara indangagaciro nshya ku isi hose, ubuhanzi bwa none bwongereye kwihanganira itandukaniro ry’umuco kimwe n’imirimo ikomeye kandi ibohora (iperereza ry’imibereho, ibikorwa, guhirika ubutegetsi, kubaka, n'ibindi). ), kuba ahantu hafunguye ubushakashatsi no gukora ubushakashatsi.
Shushanya irangi graffiti kurukuta i Roma
Ubuhanzi bwa Graffiti nubundi bwoko bwubuhanzi bwo mumuhanda ni ibishushanyo n'amashusho bishushanyijeho irangi cyangwa byanditseho inkuta zishobora kugaragara kumugaragaro, inyubako, bisi, gariyamoshi, n'ibiraro, mubisanzwe nta ruhushya. Ibikorwa bimwe byubuhanzi, nka graffiti, birashobora kandi kutemewe mugihe barenze ku mategeko (muriki gihe kwangiza).
Ubuhanzi kubwimpamvu. Ubuhanzi burashobora gukoreshwa mukuzamura imyumvire kubintu byinshi bitandukanye. Ibikorwa byinshi byubuhanzi byari bigamije gukangurira abantu kumenya autism, [82] [83] [84] kanseri, [85] [86] [87] gucuruza abantu, [88] [89] nizindi ngingo zitandukanye, nko kubungabunga inyanja, [90] uburenganzira bwa muntu i Darfur, [91] bishe kandi babura abagore b’abasangwabutaka, [92] guhohotera abasaza, [93] n’umwanda. Imyanda, gukoresha imyanda mugukora imideri, ikorwa nabahanzi nka Marina DeBris nurugero rumwe rwo gukoresha ibihangano mukuzamura imyumvire kubyerekeye umwanda.
Ubuhanzi bugamije imitekerereze no gukiza. Ubuhanzi bukoreshwa kandi nubuvuzi bwubuhanzi, psychotherapiste naba psychologue clinique nkubuvuzi bwubuhanzi. Igishushanyo cyo Gusuzuma Igishushanyo, nk'urugero, gikoreshwa mu kumenya imiterere n'imikorere y'amarangamutima y'umurwayi. Igicuruzwa cyanyuma ntabwo intego nyamukuru muriki kibazo, ahubwo hashakishwa inzira yo gukira, binyuze mubikorwa byo guhanga. Igicapo c'ibisubizo gishobora kandi gutanga ubushishozi kubibazo byugarije isomo kandi birashobora kwerekana uburyo bukwiye bwakoreshwa muburyo busanzwe bwo kuvura indwara zo mumutwe.
Daniel Isiagi Opolot
Umwuga wa ikipe
Daniel yakinnye umupira wamaguru muri kaminuza ya SC Victoria, no muri Kampala city Council, Proline FC, Al Nasr kuri ubuari Jomo Cosmos FC muri Afrika yepfo.
UBUHANZI
Shushanya irangi graffiti kurukuta i Roma
Ubuhanzi bwo kwamamaza, cyangwa ubucuruzi. Ubuhanzi bukunze gukoreshwa nkuburyo bwo kwamamaza, bityo bukaba bushobora gukoreshwa muburyo bwihishe mubitekerezo cyangwa imyumvire ikunzwe. Muburyo busa, ubuhanzi bugerageza kugurisha ibicuruzwa nabwo bugira ingaruka kumutima no mumarangamutima. Muri ibyo bihe byombi, intego yubuhanzi hano ni ugukoresha mu buryo bwihishe abareba mubisubizo byamarangamutima cyangwa imitekerereze t kubera igitekerezo cyangwa ikintu runaka.
Daniel Isiagi Opolot
Proline FC
Yinjiye muri Proline FC mu 2016 avuye mu <a href="./Ubuyobozi_bukuru_bwa_Kampala" rel="mw:WikiLink" data-linkid="141" data-cx="{&quot;adapted&quot;:false,&quot;sourceTitle&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Kampala Capital City Authority FC&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;Ugandan football club&quot;,&quot;pageprops&quot;:{&quot;wikibase_item&quot;:&quot;Q2311898&quot;},&quot;pagelanguage&quot;:&quot;en&quot;},&quot;targetFrom&quot;:&quot;mt&quot;}" class="cx-link" id="mwFw" title="Ubuyobozi bukuru bwa Kampala">Kampala city Council</a> muri shampiyona ya 2017/2018 yatsinze ibitego 10 mu mikino 17.
UBUHANZI
Shushanya irangi graffiti kurukuta i Roma
Ubuhanzi nkikimenyetso cyerekana imyitozo ngororamubiri. Byaganiriweho ko ubushobozi bwubwonko bwumuntu burenze kure ibyari bikenewe kugirango tubeho mubisekuruza. Igitekerezo kimwe cyubwihindurize busobanura ibi nuko ubwonko bwumuntu nibiranga isano (nkubushobozi bwubuhanzi no guhanga) aribyo bihwanye numurizo wimpyisi. Intego yumurizo wimpyisi wigitsina gabo byavuzwe ko ari ugukurura igitsina gore (reba kandi guhunga abarobyi n’ihame ry’ubumuga). Dukurikije iki gitekerezo, gushyira mu bikorwa ibihangano byari ngombwa mu bwihindurize kuko byakururaga abo mwashakanye.
Daniel Isiagi Opolot
Al Nasr
Muri Nyakanga 2018 Dan yinjiye muri Al nasr.
UBUHANZI
Shushanya irangi graffiti kurukuta i Roma
Imikorere yubuhanzi yasobanuwe haruguru ntabwo itandukanye, kuko inyinshi murizo zishobora guhuzagurika. Kurugero, ubuhanzi bugamije kwidagadura bushobora nanone gushaka kugurisha ibicuruzwa, ni ukuvuga firime cyangwa umukino wa videwo.
Daniel Isiagi Opolot
URA FC
Muri Nzeri 2019, Daniel yinjiye muri URA FC.
Ikipe y'igihugu
Daniel yatangiye gukinira ikipe y'igihugu ya Uganda na Sudani y'Amajyepfo ku ya 8 Ukuboza 2017.
Imibereho
Daniel ni umuhungu wa Isiagi Patrick Opolot na Josephine Pedune.
Ihuza ryo hanze
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Uganda
Isaac Isinde
Amateka yumwuga
Isaac yakinnye umupira w'amaguru mu Nama Iganga Town Council, Simba, Victors yo muri Uganda, Saint George muri Etiyopiya, Buildcon FC muri Zambiya, na TRAU FC mu Buhinde.
Kubaka FC
Isaac yerekeje muri Buildcon FC nyuma yo kurangiza amasezerano yagiranye na St. George yo muri Etiyopiya, iminsi mike kugeza ku mukino w'anyuma w'igikombe cya Afurika cy’ibihugu aho yari muri Uganda, Isaac yatangiye gukinira Buildcon FC na TP Mazembe. Sitade Mwanawasa, Ndola, Isinde igaragara inyuma iburyo. Yatangiye bwa mbere muri shampiyona ya Zambiya ku ya 8 Mata 2017 na Real Nakonde FC maze umukino urangira banganyije 0-0.
Umwuga mpuzamahanga
Isinde yakinnye umukino we wa mbere mpuzamahanga n'ikipe nkuru y'igihugu ku ya 3 Werurwe 2010 muri Tanzaniya (2–3), aho yakinnye umukino wose. Ubu asanzwe mu ikipe y'igihugu yashyizweho kuva mu 2013 kandi ku myaka 25 y'amavuko yahamagawe mu ikipe y'igihugu inshuro 55.
Intego mpuzamahanga
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Uganda
Mary Wambui
Mary Wambui ni umunyakenya uzwi mu mwuga w'ubucuruzi ndetse akaba ari n'umunyapolitiki. Yasimbuye uwahoze ari perezida Mwai Kibaki nk'umudepite mu Nteko ishinga amategeko kubwa Othaya kandi akora izo nshingano mu gihe cya manda imwe gusa yabaye guhera mu mwaka wa 2013 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2017.
Wambui yagirizwa kuba yari umugore wa kabiri wa Kibaki nubwo nta gihamya ihari. Umuryango wa Wambui wemezako Mwai yashakanye na Mary mu mwaka 1972 imbere y'amategeko yo mu migenzo ya Kikuyu ndetse ngo bombi banafitanye umwana w'umukobwa, witwa Wangui Mwai. Mu mwaka wa 2004 itangazamakuru ryatangaje ko bivugwako Kibaki afite umugore wa kabiri bashyingiranywe mu mategeko, Mary Wambui, n'umwana wabo w'umukobwa, witwa Wangui Mwai. Nyuma yuko ayo makuru yasakaye hanze, Ibiro bya perezida byasohoye itangazo ridasinyeho rivuga ko umuryango wa Kibaki ugizwe gusa n'umugore we, Lucy n'abana babo bane. Mu mwaka wa 2009, Kibaki, aherekejwe n'umugore we Lucy Kibaki, batumije ikiganiro bari kumwe n'itangazamakuru bagirango bahamirize isi ko afite umugore umwe rukumbi.
Mu kiganiro hamwe n'igitangazamakuru cyitwa The Standard cyanditswe ku ya 5 Mata 2007, Winnie yavuze ko we na Artur Margaryan, ukekwaho kuba ari umucuruzi ukomoka muri Arumeniya, bagamije kuzashyingiranwa mu gihe cy'ahazaza.
Mu kiganiro aherutse kugirana n’itangazamakuru ryo muri Kenya, Wambui yavuze ko afite abana batanu ariko yanze gutangaza amazina yabo bana.
Ibyo Yakoze
Mary Wambui Mungai yari umuyobozi w'ikigo gishinzwe itumanaho muri Kenya, aho yorohewe cyane mu rubanza yarafite ubwo u rukiko nyuma yuko umucamanza yemereye abashinjacyaha gukuraho urubanza rwa miliyari 2 nigice. Ibi byabaye nyuma y ukwezi nyuma y’ubushinjacyaha ( nka DPP) ahagaritse kandi urundi rubanza ruregwamo Madamu Mungai rurimo gutunga intwaro ndetse n’amasasu mu buryo butemewe n'amategeko. Ndetse Kwamamaza Yinjiye mu rutonde rwagutse rw’ibikorwa bya guverinoma, ndetse imanza zari inshinjabyaha zaje gusenyutse mu bihe byari byashize.
Reba
Ikiciro:Umuntu Ikiciro:Umugore Ikiciro:Umunyafrica Ikiciro:Umunyamategeko Ikiciro:Umunyapolitike
Ibyago byo kugira Imisemburo itaringaniye
Ibyo kurya bitera kutaringanira kw’imisemburo
Imisemburo itaringaniye ni kimwe mu bibazo biri kugenda byiyongera, ndetse abahanga bavuga ko abantu benshi ubu bafite urugero runaka rw’imisemburo itaringaniye. Kenshi ibi biterwa n’imihindagurikire y’ibidukikije ndetse n’imibereho yacu kuruta uko byaterwa n’uburwayi runaka.
Bimwe mu bitera kutaringanira kw’imisemburo
Inyama y’inkoko ni nziza ku mikorere y’umutima nyamara niba ufite ikibazo cy’imisemburo itaringaniye si nziza kuri wowe. Bikaba akarusho iyo zitwa iza kijyambere kuko nubwo zidahabwa imisemburo ariko mu byo zigaburirwa by’ibanze harimo soya n’ibiyikomokaho bikaba byongera estrogen muri zo.Rero niba wifitiye iki kibazo izi nyama wazisimbuza amafi Atari ayorowe, cyangwa inyama z’inka zitunzwe no kurisha.Soya ni kimwe mu biribwa biri gukoreshwa cyane dore ko amavuta yayo azwiho kuba meza. Ndetse tofu ikomokamo nayo ikaba ishobora gusimbuzwa inyama.Muri soya harimo ibinyabutabire byikora nka estrogen ndetse bikanagabanya ikora ry’imvubura ya thyroid izwiho kuba ariyo iyobora imikorerwe n’imikoresherezwe y’imisemburo mu mubiri. Gukoresha soya cyane bigira ingaruka mu kubura ubushake bwo gukora imibonano, kwiheba no kwigunga, umunabi, ubugumba, no kubyibuha bidasanzwe.Niyo mpamvu atari byiza gukoresha soya n’ibiyikomokaho kenshi, ndetse noneho niba ufite ikibazo cy’imisemburo itaringaniye ni byiza kubireka ukaba wasimbuza ayo mavuta ay’ubunyobwa, aya coconut, naho poroteyine zo muri soya ukazisimbuza izo mu muceri.
Ibindi Wamenya
Nibyo koko amata aduha calcium na vitamin D nyamara kandi kuyanywa buri munsi cyane cyane ku bagore si byiza. Ubushakashatsi buri gukorwa burashaka kwerekana niba nta sano iri hagati yo kunywa amata cyane no kurwara kanseri zatewe na estrogen nyinshi dore ko kuba amata azamura igipimo cya estrogen byo byamaze kugaragazwa.Uramutse ubirebye wasanga ibihugu birimo abantu banywa amata cyane ari nabyo bibonekamo abagore benshi barware kanseri y’amabere cyangwa ibindi bice by’imyibarukiro. Nicyo gihe rero ngo niba ubona imisemburo yawe idakora neza utangire ugabanye amata wanywaga kuko nayo abigiramo uruhare.licorice Iki nubwo atari ikiribwa gifatwa ukwacyo akenshi ariko nayo ni kimwe mu bitera imikorere mibi y’imisemburo. Iyi licorice ishobora gukoreshwa nk’ikirungo ndetse inganda nyinshi zikora itabi ziyivangamo ngo rigire impumuro runaka.Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza yuko ndetse iyi licolice ifite muri yo ibikora nka estrogen birenze ibiri mu miti yo kuboneza urubyaro. Ndetse kuri ubu hari gushakwa uburyo licolice yakoreshwa nayo nk’umuti wo kuboneza urubyaro. Niba rero wakudaga licolice cyangwa ibyo yashyizwemo nicyo gihe ngo uhindure.Ibi si byo gusa bitera imikorere mibi no kutaringanira by’imisemburo gusa ni bimwe mu biribwa byongera ibyago.Kubigabanya no kubisimbuza ibidateje akaga niyo nama.
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Ibidukikije Ikiciro:Imiti
Imirire
thumb|umugati Imirire (uhereye ku ntungamubiri z'ikilatini : kugaburira) ni urutonde rwibikorwa nuburyo ibinyabuzima bikira kandi bigahindura ibintu (atome, ion, molekile, birimo cyangwa bitari mubiribwa ) kugirango bikore neza. Imirire nubumenyi butandukanye, hamwe namashoka abiri yingenzi. Ku ruhande rumwe, physiologie yimirire ivuga uburyo umubiri ukora uburyo bwo guhindura ibiryo, nukuvuga inzira ya metabolike. Ibi bikubiyemo kwiga ku ruhare rwa macronutrients na micronutrients kurwego rwa mikorobe ya biohimiki ya selile, ningaruka ku ngingo zubusumbane hagati yingufu zinjizwa ningufu zikoreshwa n’ibinyabuzima. Kurundi ruhande, psychologiya yimirire isesengura imyitwarire yo kurya kumuntu cyangwa itsinda. Yibanze ku bibazo nka " Kuki turya ? "Aho?" twahitamo dute ibiryo byacu ? ". Mu bantu, ibyo bibazo bifitanye isano n’imibereho n’ibidukikije nkibidukikije byubatswe, itangazamakuru na politiki y’ubuzima, ndetse n’umwihariko wabo nk'ibyo binjiza cyangwa umuco wabo.
Ibisobanuro by'ibiryo
Kubera ko imirire ijyanye isano iri hagati y’ibinyabuzima n’ibiribwa byayo, ni ngombwa gusobanura ibifatwa nkibiryo. Hano hari ibisobanuro bibiri, bitewe nuburyo bwa physiologique cyangwa psychologique. Mubwa mbere, ibiryo birimo ibintu byose bifite intungamubiri, ni ukuvuga, muri byo. " kuribwa birakenewe kugirango ubeho, ubuzima bwiza no gukura kwabana » . Uburyo bwo mu mutwe burakumirwa, urebye ko " ibintu bifite intungamubiri nyinshi ntibishobora kubarwa nkibiryo niba ntawe ubiriye [kuko] abantu badakunze gutekereza kubyo barya mubijyanye nintungamubiri ». Muyandi magambo, ibiryo muburyo bwubuzima bwa buri munsi biterwa numuco : nk'urugero, amaso ya baleine afite intungamubiri kubera ko arimo proteyine na vitamine A ariko umuntu ku giti cye ntashobora kubifata nk'ibiryo byemewe.
Referances
Ikiciro:Health
Kugenzura Ibidukikije mu buhinzi
Ikigo gishinzwe ubuhinzi bugenzura ibidukikije (CEAC) ni ikigo cyu bushakashatsi mu buhinzi muri kaminuza ya Arizona muri America. Imishinga yubushakashatsi yibanda ku ikoranabuhanga ryangiza parike, ifumbire, na hidoroponike. thumb|Ubuhinzi bugezweho
Benjamin Mushayija Gisa
Ishakiro
Ikiciro:Afurika Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda Ikiciro:Iterambere ry'u Rwanda Ikiciro:Iterambere rya Afurica Ikiciro:Ubuzima Bwiza Ikiciro:Imibereho myiza Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo
Isoko ry’Imari n’Imigabane
Rwanda Stock Exchange Limited yashinzwe ku ya 7 Ukwakira 2005 hagamijwe gukora ibikorwa by’isoko ryimigabane n'imigabane. Isoko ry'imigabane ryatandukanijwe kuva ryatangira kuko ryanditswe nka sosiyete igarukira ku migabane. Iyi sosiyete yatangijwe ku mugaragaro ku ya 31 Mutarama 2011.
Amateka
Imiryango y'ivunjisha yafunguye ubucuruzi ku ya 31 Mutarama 2011. Uwo munsi wahuriranye n’umunsi wa mbere w’ubucuruzi mu bubiko bw’uruganda rukora inzoga rukumbi mu Rwanda, Bralirwa, rucuruza munsi y’ikimenyetso cya BLR. Isoko ry’imigabane mu Rwanda ryasimbuye Rwanda Over The Counter Exchange kuva muri Mutarama 2008, hamwe n’amasosiyete abiri yashyizwe ku rutonde, ari yo Itsinda iry’Ubucuruzi rya Kenya (KCB) ryashyizwe ku ya 18 Kamena 2009 n’itsinda ry’itangazamakuru (NMG) ryashyizwe muri 2 Ugushyingo 2010.
Kwaguka
Amaze gutangiza Bralirwa nk'intangarugero yatangiriye kumugaragaro (IPO), ya kabiri ya RSE ni Banki ya Kigali, yatangijwe ku ya 31 Kamena 2011. Ku ya 14 Mata 2015, haje Crystal Ventures yatangaje ko ifite umugambi wo gutanga ku mugaragaro (IPO) ku Isoko ry’imigabane mu Rwanda ry’ishami ryayo ryuzuye, Crystal Telecom. Crystal Telecom yari ifite imigabane 20% muri MTN Rwanda, yari isosiyete ikora ibijyanye n’itumanaho mu gihugu.
Muri Gashyantare 2011, Banki Nkuru y’igihugu cy’u Rwanda,, yagiranye amasezerano n’ikigo gishinzwe kubitsa no gutuza (CDSC), kizana isosiyete yo muri Kenya, kugira ngo ikorere isoko ry’imigabane mu Rwanda umwaka umwe no guhugura abakozi b’u Rwanda kugeza igihe u Rwanda rushobora gutangira no gukora igitabo cyihariye. Ku ya 7 Ukuboza 2012, RSE yashyize ahagaragara urutonde rw’imigabane y’imigabane mu Rwanda (RSESI), ibarwa mu giye yigenga, ishingiye ku mategeko, imari shingiro y’isoko iremereye ibipimo ngenderwaho by’imigabane y’imigabane mu Rwanda.
Esther Akin-Ajayi
Esther yifuza kuba umwubatsi na rwiyemezamirimo ukomoka muri Nijeriya. Numunyeshuri muto wiga Ubwubatsi muri kaminuza yamasezerano. Afite ishyaka ryo gushushanya no gukora ibikoresho byo mu nzu.
Esther niwe washinze Jemai Interiors igurisha ibikoresho byo mu nzu bimara igihe kirekire nibikoresho byubaka. Batanga kandi ibishushanyo mbonera kandi batanga serivise ya 3D iyerekwa kubindi bigo byubwubatsi nabantu kugiti cyabo. Ibicuruzwa 3 byingenzi ni: Ibiro byakazi, Ikaramu y Inkera nigitanda. Bagurisha ibyinshi mubikoresho byo mu nzu bakora i Lagos hamwe nibikoresho byabo byububiko muri leta ya Ogun. Jemai kandi ni ikirango kubanyeshuri bubaka gushushanya ibikoresho. Agurisha ibikoresho byo gutegura abanyeshuri bubaka ku giciro cyiza.
Ishakiro
Ikiciro:Afurka Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo
Isi karemano
Isi karemano irashobora kwerekeza kuri ibi bikurikira:
Katende Joram
Katende Jerome Raymond (yavutse 29 Nzeri 1987) ni umukinnyi ukina umupira w'amaguru ukomoka muriUganda wahoze akinira ikipe ya Universiti Sains Maleziya yo muri Maleziya. Nubwo ahanini akina nk'umukinnyi w'ibumoso, ashobora gukina nka rutahizamu, umuvuduko ukaba ikimuranga nyamukuru.
Ihuza ryo hanze
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Uganda
Jérémie Mumbere
Jérémie Mumbere Mbusa ni umukinnyi ukina umupira w'amaguru ukina ari mpuzamahanga wa congo ukina nku mukinnyi ukina hagati muri AS Vita Club.
Ubuzima
Yakiriye bwa mbere mu ikipe yo muri DR Congo ku ya 18 Nzeri 2019, mu mukino wa gicuti yakinnye n'u Rwanda (batsindwa 2-3).
Hamwe na AS Vita Club, yitabiriye inshuro nyinshi muri Afrika Champions League.
Reba
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amahuza yo hanze
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo
Ikiyaga Cya Cyohoha
thumb|Cyohoha Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha giherereye mu karere ka Bugesera mu Burasirazuba bw'uRwanda. thumb|Ikiyaga cya cyohoha Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha ni ikiyaga gito muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba. Irahuza umupaka uhuza u Burundi n'u Rwanda. Mu Rwanda, izwi nka Cyohoha y'Amajyepfo kuyitandukanya na Cyohoha y'Amajyaruguru hafi y'ibirometero 10 Amajyaruguru ugana mu Rwanda. Mu Burundi, izwi nka Cohoha. Nikiyaga kigufi ariko kirekire cyane gifite amashami menshi. Ifite uburebure bwa kilometero 32 (20 mi), kandi ifite impuzandengo ya km 1 (1 mi) mubugari (ubugari ntarengwa ni 2 km (1 mi)). Igizwe ahanini n’umupaka uhuza u Rwanda n’Uburundi, ariko, igice cyacyo cyo mu majyepfo kigera no mu Burundi. Ikiyaga gifite kilometero 74 (30 sq mi), muri zo 19 km2 (10 sq mi) ziri mu Rwanda naho 55 km2 (20 sq mi) ni iz'Uburundi.
Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha ni kilometero 10 Iburengerazuba bw'ikiyaga kinini cya Rweru, ikiyaga cya kabiri ku mupaka w'u Rwanda - u Burundi.
Uburozi bwa Aflatoxins
thumb|Aflatoxin thumb|Aflatossina Aflatoxins ni itsinda ry’uburozi (toxins) bukomeye bukorwa na mikorobe zo mu bwoko bw’imiyege (fungi), bukaba buboneka mu bihingwa bitandukanye cyane cyane; ubunyobwa, ibigori n’ipamba.
Ushobora kuba warabonye ibigori, ubunyobwa cg se izindi mbuto zibitswe igihe kirekire zigatangira kuzana ibintu bimeze nk’ubwoya; icyo benshi bita uruhumbu.
Uru ruhumbu nirwo aflatoxins, rukunze kuboneka cyane cyane ahantu humutse kandi hashyushye. Imiyege ikora ubu burozi yibasira ibihingwa mu gihe cy’ihinga, isarura, ndetse no mu gihe bihunitse (storage).
Uko igera mu bantu
Ku bahinzi n’aborozi bo bashobora no kwandura nyuma yo guhumeka umwuka w’ibi bihingwa byanduye.
Ingaruka itera ku muntu
Uko umubiri ugenda winjiramo aflatoxins nyinshi byongera ku rugero rwo hejuru ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y’umwijima, bwangiza bikomeye umwijima.
Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko kanseri y’umwijima iri kwiyongera ku rugero rwo hejuru mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere ahanini bitewe n’uko abatuye ibi bihugu, bimwe mu biryo by’ibanze bya buri munsi (ibigori, ubunyobwa) byanduye ubu burozi cyane.
Kitoko
Musabwa patric bakunze kwita Kitoko yavutse tariki 12 Nzeri 1985,avukira ahitwa Kazibwa mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo mucyahoze ari Zaire. Kitoko ni umuhanzi nyarwanda w'indirimbo ufite abakunzi beshi mu Rwanda ndetse no mukarere.
AMATEKA YUBUZIMA BWE
Kitoko yatangiye amashuri y'incuke I Nimazita,Mukarere ka Nyabikere mu gihugu cy' Uburundi nyuma aza kurangiriza amashuri y'isumbuye I Nyanza muntara y'Amajyepfo mu Rwanda.akomereza amashuri y'isumbuye mu kigo cya Espanya cyo mumugi wa Nyanza mu ntara y'Amajyepfo ari naho yarangirije mu ishami ry'icunga mutungo uretse umwaka umwe wo mu wagatanu yavuzeko yagiye kwiga mucyahoze ari Cyangugu kubera impamvu ze.
Kitoko yaje gutangira muzika mu mwaka wa 2008 ubwo yarasoje kwiga amashuri y'isumbuye
. Kitoko yaje gusohora indirimbo muri uwo mwaka yitwa "Ikiragi" ariyo yamushyizw kurwego rukomeye muri muzika ny'arwanda.
UKO YATUNGUWE N'ABANYARWANDA NYUMA YOKUGARUKA MUGIHUGU
Kitoko ubundi utarusanzwe akibarizwa mu Rwanda aho yagiye mu bwongereza mu mwaka wa 2013 ahoyaragiye gukomereza ibijyanye n'amasomo ye, yaje kugaruka mu mwaka wa 2017 Nyakanga 12 ubwo yageraga ku kibuga mpuzamahanga cy'indege cya Kigali cy'a Kanombe aho yakiranywe urugwiro n'ishuti nabavandimwe ndetse nabamwe mubahanzi
URUGENDO RW'URUKUNDO RWE
Uyu muhanzi ukundawa nabatari bake mu Rwanda ariko cyane cyane igitsina gore kubera igihagararo cye ndetse nijwi ryiza afite ribereye amatwi ubu akaba aherereye mu bwongereza. bwambere nambere yerekanye amafoto asomana numukobwa bakundana kumugaragaro binavugwa ko baribafitanye u bukwe mu mwaka wa 2020
AMASHAKIRO RUSANGE
Ikiciro:Umuhanzi Ikiciro:Umuziki nyarwanda Ikiciro:Rwandan artists Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda Ikiciro:Umunyarwanda
Raporo idasanzwe ku bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe n’ubutaka
Raporo idasanzwe y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe imihindagurikire yi kirere, iyi yerekana, ubutayu, iyangirika ryu butaka, imicungire yu butaka burambye, umutekano wi biribwa, na pariki. gazi itemba mu bidukikije ku isi,  ni ubushakashatsi bwibanze kuva mu mwaka wa 2019 ni mpuguke 107 zaturutse mu bihugu 52. itanga ishusho rusange yimiterere yi kirere ku nshuro ya mbere kandi ifata icyemezo cyo kwandikisha ubutaka nku mutungo wingenzi. Isomo rya 50 ryemeje ku mugaragaro Incamake ku bafata ibyemezo kandi yemeza raporo ishingiyeho. hamwe ni nyandiko yuzuye ya Raporo idasanzwe yerekeye imihindagurikire y’ibihe n’ubutaka, mu buryo butemewe, yasohotse ku ya 8 Kanama 2019. Raporo ifite impapuro zirenga 1.300 kandi ikubiyemo imirimo yinzobere 107 zaturutse mu bihugu 52.
Raporo ni iya kabiri muri Raporo eshatu zidasanzwe muri raporo y’isuzuma rya gatandatu (AR6) yatangiye muri 2015 ikazarangira mu 2022. Iya mbere yari Raporo idasanzwe ku bushyuhe bwa 1.5, naho iya gatatu ni Raporo idasanzwe ku nyanja na koroyosifera mu bihe by’i mihindagurikire y’i bihe yasohotse ku ya 25 Nzeri 2019. Inzira ya AR6 ifatwa na IPCC ko ari yo irarikira cyane kuva itsinda ryashingwa mu 1988.
Isuzuma ryambere ryizunguruka na raporo zidasanzwe
Kuva yashingwa mu 1988, IPCC iha guverinoma z’ibihugu 195 bigize uyu muryango, incamake y’incamake y’isuzuma ry’ubumenyi ku bashoramari b’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, harimo ingaruka ziriho ndetse n’ingaruka zishobora kubaho. Raporo kandi yashyize ahagaragara ibisubizo bishoboka mubijyanye no kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere. IPCC yasohoye Raporo eshanu z’isuzuma, na raporo y’isuzuma rya mbere rya IPCC mu 1990 ( FAR), bizwi nk’imihindagurikire y’ibihe 2007, na Raporo ya gatanu yo gusuzuma. Buri raporo ikubiyemo kandi "isuzuma ryuzuye rya siyansi na tekiniki ry’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, muri rusange mu bitabo bitatu, imwe kuri buri tsinda ry’imirimo ya IPCC, hamwe n’incamake y’abafata ibyemezo, na Raporo ya Synthesis."
Igice cya 1: Imiterere n'imiterere
Ubuyobozi bwa siyansi bwa SRCCL bwarimo impuguke 107 zaturutse mu bihugu 52 nku guhuza abanditsi bayobora hamwe n’abanditsi bayobora mu matsinda atatu ya IPCC hamwe na Task Force ishinzwe ibarura rya parike y’igihugu ku nkunga yatanzwe n’ishami rishinzwe ubufasha bwa tekinike mu itsinda rya III. 53% by'abanditsi ba raporo bakomoka mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere naho mirongo ine ku ijana by'abanditsi bayobora ni abagore.
Ibisubizo
The Economist yavuze ko raporo "irasa indi miburo irasa ku miterere y'isi ndetse n'uburyo abantu bahinduka hafi ya buri mugabane wa buri mugabane. Ibikorwa by'abantu bigira ingaruka kuri bitatu bya kane by'ubutaka butagira urubura ku isi, bikagira ingaruka zikomeye ku kirere. " BBC yasohoye urukurikirane rw'ingingo zijyanye no gutangaza raporo. Roger Harrabin, umusesenguzi w’ibidukikije kuri BBC, yavuze ko iyi raporo "izaba raporo yemewe nyamara mu buryo dukoresha no gukoresha nabi ubutaka." Ingingo yo ku ya 8 Kanama 2019 yanditswe na New York Times (NYT) yagaragaje ukuri ko SRCCL "yateguwe n'impuguke zirenga 100 zaturutse mu bihugu 52" kandi ko yasanze "igice cya miliyari igice cy'abantu basanzwe baba ahantu hahindutse ubutayu, kandi ubutaka burimo gutakara hagati y’incuro 10 na 100 kurenza uko bumeze. " NYT yerekanye kandi ko umubare w’abimukira wiyongereyeho gatanu ku mupaka w’Amerika na Mexico uva El Salvador, Guatemala na Honduras "uhurirana n’igihe cyumye cyasize benshi badafite ibiryo bihagije." Bamwe mu bahanga "basabye ko ari ikimenyetso cy’imihindagurikire y’ikirere." Ingingo yo muri Atalantike yari ifite umutwe ugira uti: "Iki Gihugu Nicyo gihugu cyonyine gihari". Iyo ngingo yavuze ari intambwe ikomeye kuko ivuga ko ubutaka butarangwamo urubura ubwabwo, abantu bakeneye gukura mu biribwa, "ari buke kandi bufite agaciro". Iyi ngingo yerekanye bamwe mu bahanga mu bumenyi bw’ikirere n’abashakashatsi bafite, mbere ya SRCCL, rimwe na rimwe bagaragaje ko ubutaka ari "isuku" itagira umupaka "yoza isi", mu buryo bwo kongera ibiti bihagije byagabanya cyane umutwaro wa CO. Ikinyamakuru ubushakashatsi bwibanze.
Reba
Ikiciro:Ibidukikije
Urubyiruko Mu Ubuhinzi
Uruhare rw'Urubyiruko Mu Ubuhinzi
Mu mwaka 2021 Ikigo cy’urubyiruko gikora iyamamazabuhinzi mu Rwanda YEAN (Youth Engagement in Agriculture Network), ku bufatanye na Mastercard Foundation basabye urubyiruko gushora imari mu buhinzi buteye imbere.
Ibyo Wamenya k'Urubyiruko mu buhinzi
Guverineri w’Intara y’Iburengerazuba,yavuze ko atumva ukuntu hakiri urubyiruko rudafite imirimo kandi ubuhinzi bw’icyayi ari isoko y’amafaranga, itabyazwa umusaruro uko bikwiye.Yavuzeko usanga nk’uruganda rumwe rukoresha abantu 5000 ku kwezi, urumva ushyizemo n’imiryango batunze ni abantu benshi bafatika ku buryo twifuza kongera ubuhinzi bw’icyayi mu Ntara yabo, tukongera n’abakozi bakoramo, ariko kandi tukanongera umusaruro kuri hegitari kuko tugifite amahirwe yo kuzamura uwo musaruro.Icyakora, uruhare rw’urubyiruko rw’uRwanda mu bikorwa by’ubuhinzi no gutunganya umusaruro bisa nk’aho bikiri hasi. Mu Rwanda haboneka umusaruro wa kawa uri hagati ya toni ibihumbi 16 n’ibihumbi 21 ku mwaka, zihingwa ku buso bungana na hegitari ibihumbi 42. Ubuhinzi kandi butanga akazi ku bajya kungana na bibiri bya gatatu by’abaturage bose bageze igihe cyo gukora.Kuri ubu Intara y’Iburengerazuba ihinga kuri hegitari zikabakaba 16,158, ku musaruro mpuzandengo wa toni 6 n’ibiro 600 by’amababi kuri hegitari.
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Ibidukikije
Ikiyaga Cya Ruhonda
Ikiyaga cya Ruhondo giherereye hagati y’uturere twa Burera na Musanze mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru, ni kimwe mu mitungo kamere y’Intara y’Amajyaruguru itavugwa.
Amateka
Ikiyaga cya Burera kirohwamo n’umugezi wa Rugezi, Burera ikavamo umugezi wisuka mu kiyaga cya Ruhondo, Muri Ruhondo hagasohokamo umugezi wa Mukungwa utanga amazi yifashishwa mu gutanga umuriro w’amashanyarazi ku rugomero rwa Mukungwa II.
Ukigera kuri icyo kiyaga, uhasanga amafu n’umuyaga uhehereye umanuka hejuru y’ikirunga cya Muhabura. Hari kandi ishusho nziza cyane y’uruhererekane rw’ibirunga bitanu bitandukanya u Rwanda, Uganda na Congo Kinshasa. Ni agace kadasanzwe k’ubukerarugendo.
Icyo kiyaga gifasha abagituriye kuko kibonekamo amafi ndetse n’amazi yacyo akifashishwa n’abahinzi mu gihe buhira imyaka yabo.
Ben Youssef Meite
Ben Youssef Meïté (11 Ugushyingo 1986) ni umukinnyi wo gusiganwa ku maguru muri Kote Divuwari. Mu 2010 yitabiriye amarushanwa nyafurika ya 2010 yabereye i Nairobi, yegukana umudari wa zahabu akoresheje amasegonda 10.08. Yakomeje kwitabira imikino Olempike yo mu mpeshyi ya 2016 yabereye i Rio de Janeiro, muri Burezili yaje ku mwanya wa gatanu mu kwiruka metero 100 n'umuntu ku giti cye ndetse n'igihugu cye 9.96.
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi w'iruka na maguru
Western African Ebola virus
Incamake
thumb|Ikarita yerekana imibare y'urupfu guhera 2014 icyorezo cya virusi ya Ebola (bakunze kwita "Ebola") yavuzwe bwa mbere mu 1976 mu byorezo bibiri icyarimwe muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo n'icya Sudani y'Amajyepfo. Icyorezo cya 2013–2016, cyatewe na virusi ya Ebola (EBOV), ni cyo cya mbere ku isi yose kitagenzuwe neza Ibyorezo byabanje byari byaragenzuwe mugihe gito cyane. Ubukene bukabije, gahunda zita ku buzima zidakora neza, kutizera guverinoma nyuma y’intambara imaze imyaka myinshi, no gutinda kwitabira amezi menshi, byose byagize uruhare mu kunanirwa kurwanya iki cyorezo. Ibindi bintu, nkuko byatangajwe mu bitangazamakuru, harimo imigenzo yo gushyingura yaho yo koza umurambo ndetse no gukwirakwira kwa Ebola mu mijyi ituwe cyane.
Igihe iki cyorezo cyagendaga gitera imbere, ibitangazamakuru bivuga ko ibitaro byinshi, bifite abakozi bake ndetse bifite n'ikibazo cy'ibikoresho bike, byarengewe kandi bigafungwa, bituma bamwe mu bahanga mu by'ubuzima bavuga ko kutabasha kuvura. ibindi bikenerwa mu buvuzi bishobora kuba byarateje "umubare w’abandi bantu bapfa. ni] birashoboka kurenza icyadutse ubwacyo ". Abakozi b'ibitaro, bakoranye cyane n’amazi yanduye cyane y’abahohotewe, bibasiwe cyane na virusi; muri Kanama 2014, OMS yatangaje ko 10% icumi ku ijana by'abapfuye bari abakozi b'ubuzima. Muri Nzeri 2014, byagereranijwe ko ubushobozi bw’ibihugu byibasiwe no kuvura abarwayi ba Ebola bidahagije bihwanye n’ibitanda 2,122; ariko, mu Kuboza 2014 hari ibitanda bihagije byo kuvura no gutandukanya imanza zose zavuzwe, nubwo ikwirakwizwa ry’imanza ridahwitse ryateje ikibazo gikomeye mu turere tumwe na tumwe.
Icyorezo
thumb|Icyorezo cya Ebola ku isi hose thumb|Ukwezi guteranya indwara ya Ebola mu cyorezo cya Afurika y'Iburengerazuba 2014–15 Muri rusange abantu bemeza ko umuhungu w'umwaka umwe cyangwa ibiri, nyuma yaje kwitwa Emile Ouamouno, wapfuye mu Kuboza 2013 mu mudugudu wa Méliandou, Perefegitura ya Guéckédou, muri Gineya, ni cyo cyerekezo cyerekana cy'icyorezo cya Afurika y'Iburengerazuba. Nk’uko ibitangazamakuru bibitangaza, abahanga mu bya siyansi bavuze ko ibibabi bigira uruhare mu ikwirakwizwa rya virusi, kandi, ku bw'impanuka, urugo rw’umuhungu rwari hafi y’abakoloni nini b’ibibabi by’umurizo by’ubusa Angola. Nyina, mushiki we, nyirakuru, nkuko byatangajwe mu bitangazamakuru nyuma yaje kurwara ibimenyetso nk'ibyo arapfa; abantu banduye izi ndwara zambere bakwirakwiza indwara muyindi midugudu. Muri Côte d'Ivoire hari ubumenyi bwa virusi ya Tai Forest, bikaba byaratumye umuntu yandura umuntu mu 1994. Ni yo mpamvu, izi ndwara zo hambere zasuzumwe nk'izindi ndwara zikunze kugaragara muri ako gace kandi indwara yari ifite amezi menshi yo gukwirakwira mbere yuko imenyekana nka Ebola.
Referances
Ikiciro:Health Ikiciro:Ubuzima Ikiciro:Ibyorezo
Inkomoko y'izina ry'ikiyaga cya Kivu
Kivu ni ijambo rikomoka kuri KEFI iryo jambo mu Misiri risobanuye “ibere” cyangwa “isoko y’amayobera” nk’uko n’ubusanzwe ibere ari isoko itagaragara y’amashereka. Ibi bikaba byerekeza ku kuntu mu buryo bumeze nk’amayobera, ikiyaga cya Kivu bibwiraga ko ari cyo soko ry’ikiyaga cya Tanganyika bibeshyaga ko ari yo mazi ari mu majyepfo cyane akoze isoko ya Nile biturutse kuri Rusizi isohoka mu Kivu. Abashakashatsi bo muri Misiri ya kera bagomba kuba bari baratangajwe no kumenya ko isoko ya Nile ari Kivu binyuze mu mugezi wa Rusizi usohoka mu Kivu werekeza mu majyepfo ukiroha muri Tanganyika aho kwerekeza mu majyaruguru nk’indi migezi yose ijya muri Nile.
Victoire Bakunzi
Victoire Bakunzi ni rwiyemezamirimo ukiri muto ukomoka i Goma mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (DRC). Amaze kubona intambara n’urugomo kuva akiri muto, Victoire yiyemeje kwerekana ko urubyiruko nka we rushobora gutsinda kandi rukabera abandi urugero. Bitewe n'ubukomezi bw'abamukikije, imyizerere ya Victoire ku bushobozi bw'urubyiruko yatumye akunda imyambarire kandi bituma agira uruhare mu kwihangira imirimo. Ubu afite imyaka 23, urukundo rwa Victoire kumugabane rugaragara binyuze mumyenda ye yimyenda Baruvi itanga ibishushanyo mbonera byabigenewe bituma abakiriya be bumva ari beza kandi beza.
Amateka
Muri 2018, yatangiye ubucuruzi bwe, Baruvi ikora amakoti yo muri afurika yambaye amakanzu. Arimo kuzamura ikizere cyimyenda nyafurika binyuze mubishushanyo bye. Nka sosiyete, Baruvi aha agaciro umwuka wubuhanzi no guhanga kurwego rwibanze. Iremeza neza. Victoire yizeye kubona Baruvi yaguka mu tundi turere hirya no hino muri DRC hanyuma amaherezo akura akaba ikirango mpuzamahanga kizwi.
Indanganturo
Ikiciro:Afurika Ikiciro:Kongo Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n'isakazabumenyi mu majyambere Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo Ikiciro:Iterambere rya Afurica
Ibijumba bya mauve
Ibijumba bya mauve bifite inkomoko mu gihugu cya Peru ariko ubu byarasakaye ku isi yose no mu gihugu cyacu birahahingwa. Ni ibijumba bifite ibara rya mauve imbere naho igishishwa cyabyo kikaba cyenda gusa umukara kuko ni mauve yijimye cyane gusa hanabaho ibigira igishishwa gitukura cyangwa cyenda gusa umweru.
Ibara rya mauve dusanga muri ibi bijumba rituruka ku kuba bikungahaye kuri anthocyanins, iri rikaba itsinda ry’ibisohora uburozi n’imyanda mu mubiri tunasanga mu mizabibu aribyo bituma divayi igira rirya bara. Ibi bijumba kuba bifite iri bara bituma bigira akamaro kihariye ku buzima ugereranyije n’ibindi bijumba nk’uko tugiye kubibona.
Umuvuduko w’amaraso
Kuba bikungahaye kuri potasiyumu bituma biba ingenzi mu kuringaniza umuvuduko w’amaraso. Ibi bigafasha mu kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara umutima n’indwara zose zijyana n’imikorere yawo
Gusohora uburozi n’imyanda
Ibijumba bya mauve dusangamo ibisohora imyanda mu mubiri byo mu matsinda ya anthocyanins na flavonoids. Ibi bikaba bifite akamaro kanyuranye mu mubiri harimo kurinda indwara za karande ndetse n’indwara zitera umubiri kubyimbirwa.