cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Ubucuruzi bw'ibiyobyabwenge muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba
Mu byukuri, gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge muri Afrika y'uburasirazuba byiyongereye cyane mu myaka mike ishize. Kubera ko ako karere gafite ubushobozi buke bwo kwiyongera kw'ibiyobyabwenge, ibihugu bya Afurika y'Iburasirazuba byagize uruhare mu gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge mpuzamahanga. Bitewe n'inzira zizwi cyane zo gucuruza zijya mu Burayi no muri Amerika nka Umuhanda wa Balkan uhura n’ubugenzuzi, ibiyobyabwenge biva muri Aziya byanyuze mu bihugu bya Afurika y'Iburasirazuba muri Afurika cyangwa amaherezo bikagera mu Uburayi no muri Amerika. Ikinyamakuru cy’ububanyi n’amahanga cyatangaje mu mwaka wo muri 2012 ko UNODC yatangaje ko inshuro enye zafashwe na kokayine muri Afurika y’iburasirazuba hagati y'umwaka wa 2005 n'umwaka wo muri 2010. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, umubare w'ifatwa rya heroyine ku byambu bikomeye byo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba wiyongereyeho inshuro icumi hagati y'umwaka wa 2009 n'umwaka wa 2013. Amakuru nk'aya yerekana ko ubucuruzi bwo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba buhora bwiyongera, kandi ko ibihugu byagiye bitabira gucuruza ibiyobya bwenge bitemewe.
Abdullahi Hamoud
Ibikorwa mpuzamahanga
Ku ya 28 Nyakanga 2022, umutoza Hicham Dmii yamutumiye mu myitozo hamwe n’ikipe ya Maroc A, agaragara ku rutonde rw’abakinnyi 23 bazitabira imikino y’ubufatanye bwa kisilamu muri Kanama 2022.
Ubucuruzi bw'ibiyobyabwenge muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba
Amateka
thumb|398x398px| II karita y'afurika y'Iburasirazuba Bitewe n'amateka na jewogarafi, Afurika y'Iburasirazuba ni icyambu cyiza cyo kwinjiza ibiyobyabwenge muri Aziya. Inzira z'ubucuruzi z'amateka zinyuze mu nyanja y'u Buhinde zerekeza muri Aziya no muri Afurika yo munsi y'ubutayu bwa Sahara byorohereje ibicuruzwa byemewe n'amategeko mu myaka myinshi. Mu myaka ya za mi 70, ariko, kubera ingaruka mbi z’ikibazo cy’imyenda ny'afurika hamwe na gahunda zijyanye no guhindura imiterere, inzira z’ubucuruzi zemewe zagiye ziba umuyoboro w’ibintu bitemewe n’ubuyobozi bwivanze.
Abdullahi Hamoud
Ibikorwa mpuzamahanga
Ku ya 15 Nzeri 2022, Hicham Dmii yamutumiye hamwe na Maroc mu mikino Olempike guhatana na Senegali mu rwego rwo kwitegura kwitabira imikino Olempike yo mu 2024.
Ubucuruzi bw'ibiyobyabwenge muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba
Amateka
Imibereho ya politiki y’ibihugu byinshi byo muri afurika y’iburasirazuba yarushijeho gushishikariza gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge mu buryo butemewe. Ibikorwa bidahwitse byo kubahiriza amategeko no kugereranya gushya mu bucuruzi bw’ibiyobyabwenge mu karere kose byahaye leta ibikoresho byo gukumira magendu. Byongeye kandi, ruswa yashishikarije ibikorwa bitemewe n'amategeko, kubera ko amatora yo mu bihugu nka Kenya yatewe inkunga n’inyungu ziva mu bucuruzi bw’ibiyobyabwenge bitemewe kugira ngo zongere ingufu za politiki. Byongeye kandi, ruswa yo kwirengagiza ibikorwa by'ubugizi bwa nabi yabaye ikibazo gikomeye mu karere mu myaka icumi ishize.
Ku ikubitiro, ubucuruzi bw'ibiyobyabwenge butemewe binyuze muri afurika y'Iburasirazuba bwacuruzaga cyane ibiyobyabwenge bibiri: marijuwana n' isukari yirabura heroyine. Iya nyuma yari ubwoko bwa heroyine yasutswe mu myuka ihumekwa cyangwa igahuzwa na marijuwana igafatwa nko kanywa itabi. Kubera ko isukari yijimye ya heroine yatanzwe idafite urushinge, imiterere yarwo nk’ubuzima rusange bwaragabanutse. Ibiyobya bwenge mu bucuruzi bw’ibiyobyabwenge byo muri Afurika yo hambere byari bimaze kwinjizwa mu bihugu by’iburengerazuba kandi byari bihari ahantu hakorerwa iby’ubukerarugendo muri afurika y'iburasirazuba.
Mu mpera z'imyaka ya za muri 90, isukari ya heroyine yasimbuwe mu bucuruzi bw'ibiyobyabwenge ku isi n'ubwoko bushya bwa Heroyine. Cristine yera ya crest, izwi kandi nka puderi yera ya heroyine, yari ikomeye cyane kurenza ubundi bwoko bwa heroyine kandi yaterwa mu inshinge. Bitandukanye na sukari y'umukara wa heroyine, ntabwo byasabye uburyo bwo gushyushya ibintu bigoye bityo rero byari byoroshye gukoresha. Guhera mu ntangiriro y'umwaka wa 2000, heroyine crest yamenyekanye cyane muri Afrika y'uburasirazuba ubwayo kubikoresha mu gihugu ndetse no gucuruza mpuzamahanga, cyane cyane muri Kenya na Tanzaniya.
Gukoresha mu rugo no gucuruza marijuwana na heroyine crest byakomeje mu myaka ya za 2000. Methamphetamine nayo yabaye ibiyobyabwenge bisanzwe bidatinze; ifatwa ryabo rya mbere ryabaye mu 2008. Hano harabura amakuru n'ubushakashatsi bw'ubumenyi bukubiyemo methamphetamine muri Afrika y'uburasirazuba, nubwo umubare w'abanyagicuri ugenda wiyongera kuva uwambere yandikwa. Kokayine ni undi muti wiganje mu bucuruzi bw’ibiyobyabwenge muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba vuba aha.
Isoko
Ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika ntibifite ibikorwa remezo bihagije ibikoresho n'ubumenyi  kugirango bikore ubucuruzi mu gihugu imbere ibiyobyabwenge bihuye n'ibisabwa mpuzamahanga ndetse n’imbere mu gihugu. Urumogi ni umwe mu miti yonyine yagiye ikorerwa mu gihugu imbere. Ariko, n’umusaruro w’urumogi muri Afurika y’iburasirazuba ntiwari uhagije kugira ngo uhuze ibyifuzo by’Uburayi, Amerika, ndetse n’ibihugu bya Afurika y’iburasirazuba kubera ishyirwaho ry' amategeko bibuza umusaruro no kubura uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro andi mahirwe. Ibura nk'iryo mu gihugu mu gutanga ibiyobyabwenge bitemewe byatumye ibihugu by'Afurika y'Iburasirazuba byishingikiriza ku bicuruzwa mpuzamahanga.
Umubare munini wo gutanga ibiyobyabwenge bitemewe gucuruzwa muri Afrika yuburasirazuba ukomoka muri Aziya. Abanyafurika y'Iburasirazuba batanga ibiyobyabwenge bibiri, Afuganisitani na Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba, na bo ni bo batanga ibiyobyabwenge bitemewe ku isi. Mu mwaka wa 2020, umusaruro wa opium wo muri Afuganisitani wagize hafi 85% by’umusaruro w’ibihumyo ku isi kimwe na 80% by’abakoresha opium ku isi yose, igice cyacyo kikaba cyaragurishijwe muri Afurika y’iburasirazuba.
Ibikenewe
Icyifuzo gitera ubucuruzi bw’ibiyobyabwenge muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba gituruka mu mahanga ndetse no mu gihugu imbere. Mu mateka, ibyifuzo byaturutse ahanini mu bihugu by’iburengerazuba, ariko mu myaka yashize ibihugu bya Afurika y'Iburasirazuba byigaragaje nk'abakoresha ibiyobyabwenge bitemewe. Urugero, Tanzaniya cyane cyane mu birwa bya Zanzibar yabonye ubwiyongere bukabije mu gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge mu ngo. Igitangaje cya 7% byabaturage ba Zanzibari bafatwa nkibiyobyabwenge. Kwiyongera kw'ibiyobyabwenge n'ibiyobyabwenge mu bihugu bya Afurika y'Iburasirazuba byerekana ko ibikenerwa mu gihugu nabyo byagiye byiyongera ukkurikije mu gihe cyashize.
Inkomoko y’ibihugu by’iburengerazuba ituruka mu bigo by’ubukerarugendo byakozwe mbere y'umwaka wa 1980. Ibiruhukon'ubukerarugendo byo ku nkombe zo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba byazanye ba mukerarugendo b'Abanyaburayi, Abanyafurika y'Epfo, n'Abanyamerika, bituma muri kariya karere hakenerwa marijuwana na heroyine cyane. Guhera mu myaka ya za 1980, intambara yo kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge muri Amerika yashimangiye cyane Afurika y'Iburasirazuba nk'igice cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge mpuzamahanga kubera ko ibikorwa byo guhangana na magendu muri Amerika yo hagati no mu majyepfo byafunzwe cyangwa bikabangamirwa cyane.
Mu kirere
Umujyi wa Nairobi wo muri Kenya n'umujyi wa Addis Abeba wo muri Etiyopiya byahindutse ingingo z'ingenzi zinjira mu biyobyabwenge bitemewe ku mugabane wa magendu binyuze mu bwikorezi bwo mu kirere. Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Jomo Kenyatta i Nairobi cyahawe impamyabumenyi yo mu cyiciro cya mbere n’ikigo cy’Amerika gishinzwe iby'indege muri Amerika, mu mwaka wa 2017, cyemerera abagenzi baturutse muri Amerika guhaguruka berekeza i Nairobi aho kugira ngo bimure i Amsterdam cyangwa Heathrow. Ihinduka ryimiterere ryatumye Kenya ihinduka cyane, cyane cyane mu ndege ziva mu bihugu bituranye n’ibihugu bya Afurika y’iburasirazuba nka Uganda, Tanzaniya, Etiyopiya, nu Rwanda. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ubwinshi bwindege zubucuruzi ziguruka no gusohoka i Nairobi byatumye Nairobi iba ikintu cyingenzi mumihanda. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Bole i Addis Abeba kibamo abagenzi barenga miliyoni 22 buri mwaka, kikaba kimwe mu bibuga by’indege byinshi ku mugabane wa Afurika. Hagati ya 2019 na 2020, abapolisi ba Etiyopiya bata muri yombi abacuruza ibiyobyabwenge bagera ku 100 ku kibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Bole. Byongeye kandi, komisiyo ishinzwe igipolisi cya leta, gufata ibiyobyabwenge mu myaka itatu ishize bingana n'ibiro 402 bya kokayine yo muri Amerika y'Epfo n'ibiro 1377 by'urumogi. Gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge binyuze ku kibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Bole ni byinshi cyane kubera ko ishami rishinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge rifite ibibazo by’ibikorwa remezo. Iri shami ntirifite abapolisi bahuguwe, tekinoroji yo gusikana ku mbuga, imbwa zihumura, aho zipimisha ku rubuga, cyangwa sisitemu y’ubutasi yibasira indege zihariye.
Inyanja
Inzira izwi cyane ishinzwe gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bitemewe na Afuganisitani ni inzira y'inyanja. Ibiyobyabwenge bipfunyitse ubushishozi, birimo opium, heroine, na methamphetamine biva muri Afuganisitani bigenda ku byambu byo ku nkombe ya Makran, biherereye ku mbibi za Irani na Pakisitani. Ku byambu byo ku nkombe ya Makran, ibiyobyabwenge bigabanywa mu bwato bwo kuroba mu bikoresho bito kuva ku kilo 3 kugeza ku kilo 6. Kuva aho, amato yo kuroba anyura mu nyanja y'Abahinde, akagera ahantu nyaburanga hazwi cyane muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba nka Zanzibar muri Tanzaniya, cyangwa Pemba n'ibirwa bya Quirimbas muri Mozambike. Mugihe cyanyuma, ubukana buke bwumuraba wamazi hamwe numusenyi mugari muri kariya gace bituma ibidukikije byorohereza magendu kwirinda gushakisha. Umubare munini wa heroine nawo ucuruzwa hifashishijwe inzira imwe, ariko uhishwa mu bikoresho bitwara ibinyabiziga bifite moteri, ibikoresho, n’ibikomoka ku buhinzi biva muri Pakisitani. Kokayine nayo icuruzwa muri Berezile imbere mu bikoresho.
Ibi biyobyabwenge noneho bigera ku mugabane wa Afurika, kandi byinjizwa mu mahanga mu bindi bihugu bya Afurika nka Afurika y'Epfo. Ibiyobyabwenge kandi byinjizwa mu nyanja kuva Dar Es Salaam kugera muri Comoros.
Ubwoko bw'ibiyobyabwenge
Mu biyobyabwenge bitandukanye bigurishwa muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba no hanze yacyo, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga cyane birimo heroine, marijuwana, kokayine, methamphetamine, na khat.
Heroyine
Kuva mu 2006, ikoreshwa rya heroyine muri Afurika ryiyongereye vuba kurusha iyindi migabane yose. Kuva uyu munsi, Afurika muri iki gihe ifite ubwiyongere bukabije mu gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge, bikarushaho kwiyongera kuri heroine. Ku bijyanye no gukoresha, Afurika y'Iburasirazuba yakira hafi 9% by'ubucuruzi bwa heroyine ku isi. Ifatwa ryinshi rya heroine n’ingabo z’ingabo zirwanira mu mazi (CMF) ryerekana ko Afurika y’iburasirazuba igira uruhare runini mu bucuruzi bw’ibiyobyabwenge ku isi. Hafi ya kg 674 muri 2012, heroine ntikigurishwa ku bwinshi. Uyu muti woherezwa cyane cyane muri Afuganisitani na Pakisitani unyuze mu nyanja no mu kirere mu bihugu bya Afurika y'Iburasirazuba nka Kenya na Etiyopiya. Byongeye kandi, Ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge (INCB) cyerekana ko akarere ka Afurika y'Iburasirazuba ari umuyoboro uzwi cyane wo kwinjiza magendu ya heroine kuva mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bwa Aziya kugera mu bindi bice by'isi.
Marijuana
Marijuana yatangijwe bwa mbere muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba mu gihe cyo hagati n'abacuruzi b'Abayisilamu baturutse mu Misiri no mu gace k'Abarabu. Marijuana yarushijeho kwitabwaho nk’ubushakashatsi bw’ubuvuzi ku mugabane wa Afurika, kandi ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika byatangiye kuganira ku bijyanye n’ibiyobyabwenge. Malawi ni umwe mu bakora ibiyobyabwenge binini, kandi guverinoma yayo muri iki gihe yemerera umusaruro w’urumogi rwo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Guverinoma ya Malawi ibaye iya mbere muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba yemereye guhinga, kugurisha no kohereza mu mahanga marijuwana muri Gashyantare 2020. Nyamara, guhinga no gucuruza marijuwana mu buryo butemewe biracyagaragara muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba kuko ubwiyongere bw'ibi bihingwa butuma abahinzi bahura n'inzitizi z'amafaranga bakurikirana inzira nshya z'ubukungu.
Kokayine
Gucuruza kokayine bikunze kugaragara muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru, ariko ibiyobyabwenge byagiye byiyongera muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba nubwo ari akarere kari kure y'inzira zisanzwe za magendu. Guhera mu 2004, muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba habaye gufatwa cyane. Kuva mu 2005 na 2010, gufata kokayine muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba byariyongereye inshuro enye. Kubera ko icyiciro cyo hagati kigaragara muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba kigira uruhare runini mu gukenera kokayine, leta nyinshi zo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba zihangayikishijwe no kwiyongera kwa kokayine no kwiyongera muri ako karere. Hamwe na heroine, kokayine yagize uruhare mu matora mu bihugu nka Kenya, aho inyungu yavuye mu igurishwa ryayo yakoreshejwe mu gutera inkunga ubukangurambaga no kongera ingufu za politiki.
Ingaruka
Ubushakashatsi ku ngaruka z’ubucuruzi bw’ibiyobyabwenge ku bihugu n’abaturage bo muri Afurika y’iburasirazuba ntibusanzwe cyane ugereranije n’utundi turere two ku mugabane wa Afurika, ariko bugaragaza ko ingaruka z’ubucuruzi bw’ibiyobyabwenge muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba zikwirakwira mu nzego nyinshi. Inzego za polisi nyafurika zifite amikoro make nubushobozi buke bwo kwandika imibare y'ibyaha; ariko iyo babikoze, akenshi ntibatandukanya ibikorwa by'ubugizi bwa nabi busanzwe n’amahanga. Byinshi muri bourse ivuga ku ngaruka z’ubucuruzi bw’ibiyobyabwenge byo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba bikomoka ku mibare mike yujuje ubuziranenge, hamwe n’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe butagira imibare ifatika kugira ngo yemeze ibyo basaba.
Ruswa
Ubucuruzi bw’ibiyobya bwenge butemewe n’umushinga winjiza amafaranga muri ruswa. Ibihugu byibasiwe na ruswa hamwe n’ibihugu bidakomeye n’inzego zidahagije zo kubahiriza amategeko. Nk’uko ikinyamakuru mpuzamahanga cy’ibiyobya bwenge kibitangaza, hari ibimenyetso byinshi byerekana isano iri hagati yo gucuruza ibiyobya bwenge n’uruhare rw’abayobozi ba leta. Ruswa itera impungenge zikomeye muri afurika y'Iburasirazuba kubera ko intege nke mu bukungu no mu nzego zishobora guteza ruswa mu bayobozi ba Leta n'abakozi bafite umubare muto w'amafaranga. Byongeye kandi, kutagira ibipimo by’ibyaha bifitanye isano n’ibiyobya bwenge mu nzego z’ubutabera mpanabyaha bitera ikibazo uruhare rw’abayobozi bagize uruhare. Ituma ibiyobyabwenge byiyongera muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba hamwe n’ubumuga bwo kurwanya ibiyobya bwenge, amaherezo bigashimangira inzego zishinzwe gucuruza ibiyobya bwenge. Ikinyamakuru mpuzamahanga kivuga cy’ibiyobyabwenge kivuga ko icuruzwa ry’ibiyobya bwenge rishobora kubangamira iterambere ry’ubukungu kuko ari gake inyungu z’ibiyobya bwenge zitemewe zinjira mu shoramari rirambye. Ruswa itesha agaciro ubushobozi bwa leta guteza imbere inzego zikomeye zikenewe mu kugendera ku mategeko n’ubukungu bukomeye. Ikinyamakuru cy’ububanyi na mahanga kivuga ko impungenge z’uko Kenya ikomeje kugaragara muri ruswa mu gihe umubare wi mitwe yitwara gisirikare ugenda waguka.
Tanzaniya
left|thumb|208x208px| ibendera rya Tanzaniya Inteko shingamategeko ya Tanzaniya yari yashyizeho ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura no gukumira ibiyobya bwenge binyuze mu itegeko rishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira ibiyobya bwenge kugira ngo bikemure ikoreshwa ry’ibiyobya bwenge n’icuruzwa ry’ibiyobya bwenge bivuye mu buryo bunoze kandi bwibanze. Ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira ibiyobyabwenge cyakoranye n’umushinga w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’uburayi ACT mu kwakira inama ebyiri zikomeye abitabiriye amahugurwa ni abayobozi b’inzego zubahiriza amategeko muri afurika no mu Burayi. Muri izo nama, abitabiriye amahugurwa baganiriye cyane ku buryo bwo kuzamura no gusangira ubumenyi bwakeye ibyo mu nyanja. Ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira ibiyobyabwenge nacyo cyorohereza umushinga witwa jodari, ugamije kuroba no gucuruza ibiyobya bwenge bitemewe ku nkombe za Tanzaniya hakurikijwe ibyifuzo bya unodc Mu mwaka wa 2021, Ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira ibiyobya bwenge cyahawe ishimwe ku isi hose kubera ko ari cyo kigo cyiza kigenzura icuruzwa ry’ibiyobya bwenge kuko gahunda zacyo zo guhugura ziyongera ku mubare munini w’ifatwa ryamenyekanye. N’ubwo intsinzi iherutse kumenyekana, Ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya no kurwanya ibiyobya bwenge kirateganya kwagura ingamba zacyo kugira ngo ikibazo cy’ibiyobya bwenge n’icuruzwa rya marijuwana byiyongera muri Tanzaniya. thumb| ibendera rya Uganda
Uganda
Guverinoma y'Uganda yari yemeye itegeko ry’ibiyobyabwenge mu mwaka wa 2016 hagamijwe gusobanura ingamba zifatika kandi zihana ibihano by’ibiyobya bwenge. Iri tegeko rikubiyemo ingamba nyinshi zo guhana kugira ngo ihagarikwa ry’izamuka ry' ibiyobya bwenge bitemewe muri Uganda. Ku rugero, gutunga ibiyobya bwenge bitemewe bishobora kuviramo igifungo kuva ku myaka 10 kugeza ku myaka igera 25, gucuruzwa bisobanurwa ko harimo n’amafaranga make ya magendu bishobora guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu, kandi kudatangaza imiti y’ibiyobya bwenge bishobora kuvamo 5 interuro y'umwaka.
Reba
<references group="" responsive="1"> Ikiciro:Afurika y'iburasirazuba Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations
Ali Fathy
Ali Fathy Omar Ali (wavutse 2 Mutarama 1992) ni umukinnyi wu mupira wa maguru wumunya Misiri wabigize umwuga mu ikipe ya Egiputa ya Zamalek SC. Akina mu ikipe yi gihugu yu mupira wa maguru ya Misiri ndetse yanitabiriye imikino Olempike yabaye muri 2012.
Reba
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wo mu misiri
Ilongo Ngansania
Ilongo Ngansania, uzwi ku izina rya Saddam, (Yavutse Ku ya 8 Kanama 1984 i Kinshasa) ni umukinnyi w'umupira w'amaguru muri Kongo (DRC) Akina nk'umukinnyi wo hagati muri Forest Rangers Football Club ya Zambiya.
Ubuzima
Yitabiriye igikombe cya Afurika muri 2006 hamwe n’ikipe ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Yiswe izina kubera uburyo bwe bwo gukina. Afite icyerekezo cyiza cy'umukino, tekiniki nziza nu buhanga bw'umubiri hamwe n'ikirenge cy'ibumoso kidasanzwe. Nyuma yo guhungira muri katari, yasubiye mu gihugu cye, muri DC Motema Pembe agamije gushaka abatoranijwe. Nyuma yo kwitwara neza, yibutswe bwa mbere kuva muri 2008 na Robert Nouzaret na Morice muri Werurwe 2011.
amahuza yo hanze
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo
Ubwikorezi bwa Gari ya moshi mu Rwanda
Hariho inzira nyinshi za gari ya moshi ziteganijwe mu Rwanda, harimo n'umuyoboro ugana muri Tanzaniya. Mu mateka hari Gari ya moshi y'amateka aho hari inganda eshatu zikora gari ya moshi.
Politiki imwe yo mu Bushinwa
Umuryango Belt and Road Initiative, washyizwe ahagaragara na Xi Jinping mu mpera z'umwaka wo muri 2013, hanyuma uzamurwa mu ntera na Minisitiri w’intebe wi Li Keqiang ubwo yasuraga leta muri Aziya n’Uburayi. Hazashyirwaho umuhanda wa gari ya moshi uhuza Kigali, umurwa mukuru w'u Rwanda, n'icyambu cya Mombasa muri Kenya.
Amateka
U Rwanda rwigeze kugira batatu 600 mm nka gari ya moshi ntoya, Nta n'umwe muri ho bigeze batanga serivisi zitwara abagenzi muri gale ya Moshi.
Gari ya moshi z'inganda zakozwe mbere na:
Kugeza muri 1988, ubwo bucuruzi ko ari butatu bwunze ubumwe nka Régie d'Exploitation et de Développement des Mines (RÉDEMI), nayo yakoraga gari ya moshi eshatu. Icyakora, mu myaka 20 yakurikiyeho gari ya moshi yangiritse cyane kubera intambara y'abenegihugu yo muri Rwanda na jenoside yo mu Rwanda. Birashoboka ko batagikora.
Ibyifuzo
Kuva mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cyo muri 21, hari ibyifuzo byinshi byerekeranye na gari ya moshi ihuza u Rwanda n'ibihugu duturanye. Imiyoboro ya gari ya moshi isanzwe iri hafi ya Uganda, Kenya na Tanzaniya ikoresha nka 1,000 mm
Nko mu myaka ya za muri 1980, Umuryango w’ibibaya bya Kagera wakoze ubushakashatsi bushoboka bw’ubukungu muri gahunda ya gari ya moshi ya KBO ihuza u Burundi, u Rwanda na DRC, ariko ubwo buryo bwateganijwe ntabwo bwigeze busohora.
Muri 2000, Isoko Rusange rya Afurika y'Iburasirazuba n'Amajyepfo (COMESA) ryatangije umushinga wa gari ya moshi wo mu biyaga bigari birimo ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi n'amazi ku biyaga bya Tanganyika, Kivu, na Edward bihuza u Burundi, DRC, u Rwanda, Uganda, na Zambiya. Intego yuwo mushinga kwari ukunoza umubano hagati yibiyaga bigari nu majyepfo ya Afrika 3 hamwe 6 mu miyoboro ya gari ya moshi. COMESA yahaye komisiyo ishinzwe ubwubatsi muri Afurika yepfo, Makhosi Holdings, gukora ubushakashatsi bushoboka mu nzira nyabagendwa za gari ya moshi zo mu biyaga bigari byemeranijwe n’abanyamuryango ba COMESA.
Icyarimwe, irindi tsinda ryaba injeniyeri bo muri Afrika yepfo ryasezeranijwe na COMESA gukora ubushakashatsi bushoboka bwo guhuza indi gari ya moshi mu Rwanda, ikora 150 km mu majyepfo yuburasirazuba kuva Kigali kugera Isaka, aho yaba yarahujwe na metero isanzwe ya gari ya moshi ya Tanzaniya. Kimwe na sisitemu ya gari ya moshi ya KBO, ariko, ibyifuzo bya COMESA ntabwo byashyizwe mubikorwa.
Kugeza muri 2004, ikigo gishya gishinzwe guhuza no gutwara abantu n'ibintu mu majyaruguru, gifite icyicaro i Mombasa, muri Kenya, cyateje imbere umushinga wo guhuza Kisangani na Mombasa ukoresheje umurongo mushya uva Kasese ugana Kisangani, hamwe n'imirongo yo kugaburira ihuza Kasese na Goma hanyuma ikanyura Bukavu kugera Kigali na Bujumbura. Nyuma y'imyaka ibiri, mu nama yabereye muri Kanama 2006 n’abanyamuryango b’Urwanda rwo gukunda igihugu cy’u Rwanda, Guanzheng, wo mu ishyaka rya gikomunisiti ry’Ubushinwa, yemeje ko Repubulika y’Ubushinwa ishaka gutera inkunga ubushakashatsi ku bishoboka ko hubakwa gari ya moshi ihuza umuhanda wa gari ya moshi wa Tanzaniya ahitwa Isaka, unyura muri Kigali mu Rwanda unyura mu Burundi.
Gahunda ya gari ya moshi yo mu Burundi nu Rwanda yo mu 2000
Muri 2000, u Burundi n'u Rwanda byatangaje gahunda yo kubaka umuhanda wa gari ya moshi uhuza ibihugu byabo n'umuyoboro wa gari ya moshi wa Tanzaniya, bityo ukajya ku cyambu cya Dar es Salaam cyo muri nyanja y'Abahinde.
2006 gutinda
Nkuko ibiro ntaramakuru by'u Rwanda bibitangaza ngo Banki Nyafurika itsura amajyambere niyo yagize uruhare mu gutinda muri 2006 kugenzura inzira y'umuhanda wa gari ya moshi iva Isaka unyura mu murwa mukuru w'u Rwanda Kigali ugana Bujumbura. Ubushakashatsi bwambere bushoboka bwagombaga gutwara miliyoni 2.7 Nk’uko ibiro ntaramakuru by'u Rwanda bibitangaza ngo Banki Nyafurika itsura amajyambere yagombaga kuguriza 90% by'igiciro cya gari ya moshi, asigaye ikishyurwa na Tanzaniya n'u Rwanda.
Ibiro ntaramakuru by'u Rwanda byatangaje ko biteganijwe ko isosiyete y'Abahinde yitwa RITES izatwara amasezerano yo gucunga umurongo wa Isaka.
Intumwa zaturutse muri gari ya moshi zo muri Amerika BNSF nazo zabonanye na Perezida Paul Kagame kugira ngo baganire ku nzira iva Kigali yerekeza Isaka kandi muri icyo gihe guverinoma yatangaje ko yahisemo isosiyete ikora ubujyanama mu Budage kugira ngo ikore imirimo y’icyitegererezo ku murongo w’iposita.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n'abashinwa muri 2007
Ubushinwa bwagize uruhare runini mu kubaka TAZARA igice cya gari ya moshi ya Tanzaniya, maze muri 2007 bukora ubushakashatsi bwo kwagura umuyoboro i Rwanda.
Gahunda yo muri 2008
Ku ya 26 Mutarama 2008, Perezida w'u Rwanda yatangaje gahunda ya Gari ya moshi ya BNSF yo kubaka umuhanda uva mu murwa mukuru w'u Rwanda Kigali n'umuhanda wa gari ya moshi wa Tanzaniya muri Isaka Tanzania. Raporo zimwe zivuga ko umurongo mushya uzaba igipimo gito, kimwe n’ibindi bikorwa bya gari ya moshi ya Tanzaniya. Andi makuru avuga ko Tanzaniya yamaze gufata icyemezo cyo kuzamura umurongo wa Isaka kugera ku gipimo gisanzwe, kandi ko Isaki Kigali ihuza nayo yaba igipimo gisanzwe. Nyamara andi makuru avuga ko ukuguru kwa Isaka Rwanda kwaba kugipimo gisanzwe kandi ko imizigo ijyanwa mu bubiko butandukanye muri Isaka.
Nkuko ibiro ntaramakuru bya Reuters bibitangaza ngo imidugararo ya politiki mu baturanyi ba Kenya yahungabanije ubwizerwe bwa serivisi z’imihanda na gari ya moshi zinyura muri Kenya. Kandi umurongo w’u Rwanda watuma ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi bwambukiranya Kenya mu gihe ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi bwahungabanywa mu gihe kiri imbere.
Biteganijwe ko gahunda iteganijwe kuzarangira muri 2013. Amafaranga ateganijwe ntaramenyekana.
Gahunda yo muri 2013
Harategurwa izindi gahunda zo guhuza Uganda.
Umuhango wo gufungura muri Gushyingo 2013 umuhanda wa gari ya moshi usanzwe uva Mombasa, Kenya unyuze i Nairobi na Kampala ugana muri Rwanda n'Uburundi.
Ingamba za tekinike zo kunesha igipimo
Ku ya 31 Gicurasi 2008, hari icyifuzo cyo guhuza gari ya moshi zo mu Misiri, hari nka 1,435 mm
Ihuza ryo hanze
Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi Ikiciro:Ingendo Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations
Taher Mohamed
thumb|Taher Mohamed Taher Mohamed Ahmed Taher Mohamed Mahmoud ( wavutse 7 Werurwe 1997) ni umukinnyi wu mupira wa maguru wabigize umwuga ukomoka mu Misiri, ukinira ikipe ya Misiri Al Ahly hamwe ni kipe yi gihugu ya Misiri nkumukinnyi wo kuruhande.
Umwirondoro
Mu 2013 umutoza mukuru w’Abarabu Contractors FC "Mountain Wolves", Mohamed Radwan, yamutoranyirije kujya mu ikipe ya mbere nkumukinnyi ukiri muto w’umupira wamaguru w’Abanyamisiri muri shampiyona yambere ya Misiri. Yakinnye umukino we wa mbere na Al Ahly FC, "African Club of the Century", maze ikipe ye iratsinda. Taher yatojwe n'umutoza wo mu Misiri Hassan Shehata.
Mpuzamahanga
Yatangiye gukinira ikipe y’umupira wamaguru y’igihugu cya Misiri ku ya 16 Ugushyingo 2018 mu majonjora y’igikombe cya Afurika cy’igikombe cy’ibihugu yakinnye na Tuniziya, nk'umusimbura w’iminota 86 asimbuye Amr Warda. Taher yari mu rutonde rwa nyuma rw'ikipe y'imikino Olempike yo mu Misiri yatwaye igikombe cya Afurika giheruka cyabereye i Cairo mu Gushyingo 2019 ikanabasha kujya muri Tokiyo 2020
Muri Nzeri 2016, US ESPN yatoranije Taher Mohamed mu bakinnyi 10 ba mbere b’umupira wamaguru ku isi bemerewe kuzamuka hamwe n’amakipe yabo mu gikombe cyisi kizabera mu Burusiya 2018.
Ihuza ryo hanze
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wo mu misiri
Manasse Mbonye
Manasse Mbonye ni umuhanga mu bumenyi bw'inyenyeri wavukiye i Gahini, mu Rwanda. Kuri ubu ni umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w’inama y’igihugu y’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga i Kigali.
Ubuzima bwambere nuburere
Ababyeyi ba Mbonye (Reuben Rwabuzisoni, papa) bari abarimu. Amashuri yisumbuye yayize mu ishuri rya Nyakasura muri Uganda. Yize muri Fourah Bay College muri Siyera Lewone, nyuma abona impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga ya kaminuza muri kaminuza ya Connecticut mu 1996. Impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga. Impamyabumenyi kuri “Gravitational Perturbations of Radiating Spacetimes” yaje gushinga no gukora muri “Rwanda Education Reconstruction Effort” (RERE) byamuhesheje impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga muri 1996. "Graduate of the Year" muri kaminuza ya Connecticut.
Ubushakashatsi
Mbonye yari afite impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga muri kaminuza ya Michigan kandi yari umwarimu mu Ishuri Rikuru ry'ikoranabuhanga rya Rochester kugeza mu 2011. Yakoze kandi ubushakashatsi mu kigo cy’indege cya NASA Goddard kiri i Greenbelt, muri Maryland nk’umwe munama nkuru y’ubushakashatsi ku rwego rw’igihugu. Mbonye yagize uruhare runini muritheoretical physicsl, harimo na Mbonye-Kazanas yerekana imyobo yumukara idasanzwe, cosmology hamwe ningufu zijimye, nicyitegererezo cyinkomoko ya M - sigma. Kugeza ubu Mbonye ni Visi-Recteur ushinzwe amasomo muri kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda, na RIT-NUR Umwarimu w’ubushakashatsi mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’ikoranabuhanga rya Rochester.
References
Ikiciro:Uburezi mu Rwanda Ikiciro:Kaminuza y'u Rwanda Ikiciro:Rwanda
Igishanga cya Base
Igishanga cya Base,ni Igishanga cya Base cyose kiri mu karere ka Ruhango, hamwe gifite ubuso bwa hegitari 110. Imibare itangwa n'akarere ivuga ko 40 muri zo ari zo zangiritse. aho amazi y’imvura menshi abangiriza aturuka ku bisenge by’inyubako zo mu Mujyi wa Ruhango n’uwa Nyanza akamanukana umuvuduko agana mu mirima yabo, hari Hegitari nyinshi z’umuceri zarengewe n’isuri ahari hahinze umuceri hagaragara umucanga.
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Ibishanga
Carlos Paulo
Carlos Paulo Simões (yavutse ku ya 11 Kamena 1951), ni umukinnyi wa filimi muri Angola akaba n'umwanditsi. Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime Operation Autumn, Konseye wa Bordeaux na Cacau da Ribeira.
references
Ikiciro:Filimi Ikiciro:Afurika Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime
Venantie Mukarivuze
Madam Venantie Mukarivuze ni rwiyemezamirimo w'umunyarwandakazi akaba ari n'umucuruzi, ni umuyobozi mukuru wa Biopharmacia Co Ltd.
Umwuga
Mukarivuze ni umuforomo watojwe akaba umubyeyi wabana batatu. Yakoze mu cyumba cy' ibitaro imyaka itanu arinaho yatangiye kwitegereza ibikoresho ibitaro byabaga byakiriye, rimwe na rimwe akababazwa nuko hari ibikoresho babaza bakabona babazaniye ibintu bidakwiriye,nyuma yaje gutekereza ko hari aho bigomba kunozwa kandi ko ari we ushobora kubikora. Urugendo rwe kuva mubuvuzi kugeza kuri rwiyemezamirimo rwavuye mubyifuzo byo gukorera abarwayi be uko ashoboye no gushaka ibicuruzwa byiza mubuvuzi ashinga sosiyete ye nto. Yabaye rwiyemezamirimo wegukanye ibihembo bitumiza mu mahanga no gukwirakwiza imiti binyuze muri sosiyete ye Biopharmacia, ifite icyicaro i Kigali, mu Rwanda. Biopharmacia yatsinze amasezerano akomeye yo gutanga ibikoresho byubuvuzi mugisirikare cy'u Rwanda ariko ntabwo yashoboye kubona inkunga yo guca icyuho kiri hagati yo kugura ibikoresho no kwakira ubwishyu. Mukarivuje yagaragaje ibibazo byubukungu bwubucuruzi bwibigo bito nuburyo sosiyete ya Kountable yabigabanya,agirana amasezerano yubufatanye na sosiyete ya Kountable bamugurira ibicuruzwa kandi bamufasha nomuburyo bwo gutanga amasoko yose.
References
Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi Ikiciro:Rwanda
Igishanga cya Mirayi
Igishanga cya Mirayi gikora ku mirenge ya Muganza na Gishubi abagihingamo umuceri ubu bari gusarura ariko umusaruro wabo wagabanutse ku rwego rwa kimwe cya kabiri. Impamvu ngo ni imirimo yo gutunganya urundi ruhande rw’iki gishanga yatumye ahahinze hakama. Abahinzi muri aka gace ubuzima bwabo bushingiye ku gihingwa cy’umuceri ariko bavuga ko kubera iki kibazo ubu aho basaruraga 250Kg z’umuceri hari abari kuvanamo 100Kg gusa. Igishanga cya Mirayi n'Igishanga cya Nkunamo bihuza Gishubi na Mamba usanga umusaruro ari mukeya kuko ni Ibishanga byakamye, hasabwa ko byubakwaho ingomero zigezweho zigafasha kubyuhira bigahingwa hakabaho kuboneka k'umusaruro kuko ibishanga ni bimwe mu bifasha abaturage benshi kubona imirimo bakabona uko bahinga bakiteza imbere bakabona ibyo kudya bivuye mubuhinzi cyane ko mubishanga akenshi hakorwamo ubuhinzi bw'imiceri cyangwa se hagakorwa ubuhinzi bw'ibigori.
Amashairo
Ikiciro:Ibishanga Ikiciro:Ibidukikije Ikiciro:Ubuhinzi
Kasongo Ngandu
Isaac Ngandu Kasongo, (Yavutse Ku ya 6 Ukuboza 1979 i Kinshasa ( Zayire )), ni umukinnyi umupira w'amaguru ukomoka muri congo. Yakinnye henshi mu mwuga we muri TP Mazembe.
Umwuga wa ikipe
Kasongo yatangiye umwuga we mu mupira w'amaguru muri 1997 muri ikipe ya kabiri ya SC Cilu. Muri shampiyona yo muri 2001, hamwe niyi kipe, yabaye shampiyo wa LIFBACO kandi yi tabira icyiciro cya nyuma cya shampiyona y'igihugu muri 2002, aho ikipe ya Lukala yarangije ku mwanya wa kane.
Muri 2002, yaburaniye TP Mazembe. Mu gihe cye cya mbere hamwe'ibikona“, Yageze ku mukino wa nyuma w'igikombe cy'igihugu kandi yari umuyobozi w'irushanwa rya Lubumbashi kugeza rihagaritswe. Muri shampiyona yo muri 2004, Kasongo yabaye visi-kapiteni w’igihugu kandi yitwara neza i Lumbumbashi. Nyuma yaho, Kasongo na Mazembe begukanye igikombe cya shampiyona inshuro enye (2006, 2007, 2009 na 2011) ndetse batwara inshuro ebyiri igikombe cya Shampiyona ny'afurika ( 2009, 2010 ). Yakinnye muri CAF Supercup muri 2010 na 2011. Hagati aho, Kasongo yatsinze igitego mu mukino wa mbere wa Champions League 2010 na Espérance.
Umwuga mpuzamahanga
Kasongo Ngandu yari mu ikipe ya DR Congo kuva 2004. Yari umwe mu bagize ikipe ya Kongo mu gikombe cy’Afurika cyo muri 2006, cyaje kugera muri kimwe cya kane kirangiza, aho yakuwemo na Misiri, yaje gutsinda irushanwa. Muri CHAN yo muri 2011 no mu marushanwa ya gicuti ya Nil Basin, yabereye i Cayiro muri Mutarama 2011. Mu mukino wo guhatanira umwanya wa gatatu mu marushanwa ya Cayiro, Abanyekongo batsinze Abanyakenya ku manota make. Kasongo yabaye umwanditsi w'igitego cy'onyine, bityo afungura amazamu y'ibitego bye kurwego rw'ikipe y'igihugu.
Ubuzima bwite
Arubatse, afite abahungu babiri n'umukobwa.
Reba
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo
Igishanga cya Jeredi
Igishanga cya Jeredi, Igishanga cya Jeredi cyaratunganyijwe kugira ngo kirusheho kubyazwa umusaruro.
Imiterere
Igishanga gito cyitiriwe Jeredi gifite ubuso bwa hegitari 5  giherereye hagati y'Utugari twa Cubi na Nyamiramba mu Murenge wa Kayenzi, kuri uyu wa kane tariki ya 27 Nzeri 2018 nibwo hakiriwe by'agateganyo imirimo yo kugitunganya, kugira ngo kizabyazwe umusaruro mu buryo bufatika.
Igishanga
Kwakira imirimo yakozwe muri iki gishanga, byakozwe ku bufatanye n'Urwego rw'Inkeragutabara (Reserve Force) ari nabo batunganyije igishanga, muri iki gikorwa cyo kwakira imirimo yakozwe hari kandi tsinda ry'abakozi baturutse ku cyicaro cy'Akarere riyobowe n'Umuyobozi w'Agateganyo w'Ishami ry'ubuhinzi n'umutungo kamere bwana Mukiza Justin, itsinda ryaturutse ku Murenge ndetse n'Umufatanyabikorwa w'Umushinga RWAARI. Bimwe mu byakozwe mu gutunganya igishanga harimo ku gukora inziza(imiyoboro) z'amazi kugira ngo birinde ko isuri ya hato na hato, ikindi kandi imirima nayo yaratunganyijwe.
Ibindi
Muri iki gishanga ubusanzwe hari hasanzwe hakoreramo amatsinda mato mato y'abahinzi agera kuri 3, ngo ariko nkuko umukozi ushinzwe ubuhinzi mu Murenge abitangaza, biteganyijwe ko ayo matsinda yazakorwamo itsinda rimwe kugira ngo bifashe muri gahunda ya "smart Nkunganire. Nubwo n'ibindi bihingwa nk'ibigori n'ibishyimbo bigomba kwibandwaho kuko iki gishanga ari cyiza, u wari ukuriye itsinda rya mu gikorwa cyo kwakira iyi mirimo yakozwe mu gutunganya igishanga, yasabye abahinzi ko bashishikarira guhingamo n'imboga kugira ngo bashobora kubona amafaranga kuko imboga zitanga umusaruro mu buryo bwihuse.
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Ibishanga
Nirere Madeleine
Nirere Madeleine (Wavutse 1968) ni Umuvinnyi Mukuru
Ubuzima Bwite
Nirere yize kaminuza akaba afite imanyabushobozi ya Bachelor mu mategeko  hamwe na    Mastazi muri   Public Administration. Nirere afite burambe mu by'amategeko, mu burenganzira bwa muntu no mu buyobozi kimwe n'ishyaka ryo guharanira guteza imbere no kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu byampaye ubuhanga bwo gusaba kuba umwe mu bagize itsinda ry’imirimo ku kibazo cyo kuvangura abagore mu mategeko no mubikorwa, Ibihugu bya Afrika. akunda ibibazo byuburenganzira bwa muntu. afite uburambe burenga 5 mubikorwa byuburenganzira bwa muntu nkorera kurwego rwigihugu, kurwego rwakarere ndetse no kurwego mpuzamahanga. Byongeye kandi, yumva Sisitemu y'Uburenganzira bwa Muntu. yagize uruhare mu biganiro byo hejuru ku burenganzira bwa muntu byateguwe na ICC ubu GANHRI na OHCHR. Mubyongeyeho, ameze neza mu magambo no mu Cyongereza no mu Gifaransa .Ibi byose byongereye ubumenyi bwee mu makuru no kunganira. Mfite impamyabumenyi ya Bachelor mu by'amategeko, impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu buyobozi bwa Leta kandi yabonye muri kanama 2017 akaba afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'amategeko mpuzamahanga arengera uburenganzira bwa muntu n'ubutabera mpanabyaha, aho ubu ndimo gukora isomo ryanjye ku “kurengera mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko abagore bahohotewe. urugomo mu Rwanda “. Ni umuryango cyane muburenganzira bwa muntu kandi nkagira uruhare mu kurengera abagore.
Referances
Ikiciro:Umugore Ikiciro:Rwanda Ikiciro:Politiki y'urwanda
Igishanga cya Bahimba
Igishanga cya Bahimba ni igishanga gihingwamo n'abaturage b'imirenge ya Bushoki, Tumba ,Mbogo na Base na Rusiga yose yo mu karere ka rulindo mu intara y'ajyaruguru. Igishanga cya Bahimba kiri mu karere ka Rulindo, kuwa mbere tariki 08/10/2012, Minisitiri w’Intebe, yasuye ibikorwa bitandukanye bijyanye n’ubuhinzi bikorerwa mu gishanga cya Bahimba asanga icyo gishanga kitabyazwa umusaruro nk’uko bikwiye,.
Abayobozi
abayobozi b’akarere ka Rulindo yasabye gukoresha ingufu zose, bafatanyije n’abaturage, bagashaka imbuto ikwiranye n’icyo gishanga maze kigahingwa bakakibyaza umusaruro ku buryo bugaragara. Kimwe muri ibyo bibazo ni amazi yireka ahantu hamwe ntagere mu mirima y’abaturage yose. Ngo hari imiyoboro y’amazi yagombaga gutunganywa itaratunganywa ariko barimo gushaka uburyo yatunganywa bafatanije na MINAGRI.
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Ibishanga
Theo Baloyi
Theo Baloyi ni rwiyemezamirimo wo muri Afurika yepfo, akaba yarashinze akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru wa kompanyi ya Bathu Shoes. Yatangije iyi kompanyi ye y'inkweto mu mwaka wa 2015, mbere akaba yarabaye umunyamabanga mukuru muri PwC i Dubai. Yagaragaye ku rutonde rwa Forbes 30 Abatarengeje imyaka 30 muri 2019. Muri 2021, yatsindiye igihembo cya GQ nk'umuyobozi w'ubucuruzi wumwaka.
Ubuzima bwo hambere
Baloyi yavukiye kandi anakurira i Hammanskraal, Gauteng ari naho yamaze ubuzima bwe. Se, Solly Baloyi, yaretse akazi k'ubuforomo kugira ngo abe rwiyemezamirimo mu bijyanye n'umutungo utimukanwa kandi yapfuye mu 2014 Nyina, Tshidi Baloyi, akomoka mu bazulu. Afite mushiki we witwa Goitsimang Baloyi. Baloyi yize amashuri akiri muto mu ishuri ribanza rya Shalom, nyuma yiyandikisha mu mashuri yisumbuye. Mu 2009, Baloyi yimukiye i Johannesburg maze yiga ibaruramari rya BCom muri kaminuza ya Afurika y'Epfo.
Umwuga
Mbere yo kuva muri kaminuza ya Afurika y'Epfo, Baloyi yatangiye urugendo rwo kwihangira imirimo ashora mu kugurisha imibavu yo guhumuza umubiri inzu ku nzu. Baloyi yahise atoranyirizwa gukorera muri PwC Afrika yepfo muri gahunda yabo barangije amaherezo arenza urugero bituma isosiyete imuha akazi igihe cyose maze yimurirwa muri PwC Middle East i Dubai.
Muri 2015 Baloyi yashinze Bathu, isosiyete ikora inkweto. Isosiyete ifite kandi ikora amaduka arenga 30 muri Afrika yepfo no mukarere ka SADC. Yagizwe umwe mu bagize inama y’inama y’ubucuruzi y’ubucuruzi muri Afurika yepfo (SACSC) muri Nyakanga 2022
Ubuzima bwite
Baloyi atuye mu Ijisho rya Afurika, I Johannesburg.
Umuvugizi (ikinyamakuru)
Umuvugizi: The Voice of Rwanda center|thumb|480x480px|umuvugizi wigisirikare Umuvugizi is a Rwandan satiric news source. It is a Kinyarwanda bi-monthly newspaper and instant publishing website in both Kinyarwanda and English featuring satirical and sensational articles almost exclusively on political issues and events in Rwanda. Umuvugizi started as a highly critical newspaper but became increasingly erratic and satirical against the Rwandan government, its leadership and the president.
Together with its sister newspaper, Umuseso, the main focus of their articles was that there was going to be another genocide soon, that Rwanda was undermining the security of its neighbours, that military coups in the country were eminent and so on. It was temporarily suspended in 2010 by the Rwandan Media High Council for "inciting public disorder" and defamation in breach of the media law, and its editor was sentenced to 2 and a half years in prison by the Supreme Court on the same charges.
Since last year (2010) Umuvugizi publishes its satirical articles mostly on its website and its English page started in June 2011. Umuvugizi articles mix both fictional, imagined and real events in and about Rwanda or any world news and information and uses them to justify its claims about leadership failure in the country, conspiracies about leadership corruption, murders and attempted murders by the country's political and military leadership, calls for civil war to change the regime, instilling fear among its readers encouraging Rwandans to flee the country, dissuading Rwandan refugees from returning to their country especially those who live in Europe and the USA etc.
It prefaces all its articles as information from "credible sources". It has recently started to post fictional audio recordings on its website about assassination attempts by the government against its opponents and claims it sources the audio records and other stories from anonymous Rwandan "intelligence agents" and other sources it always does not name "for security reasons."
Umuvugizi articles capitalise on "analysis" - explaining and predicting news and events in Rwanda and never revisits its false claims when the events it tries to link to each other later prove untrue as is always the case. The reach of its current readership is not known, but the news source is ALWAYS critical of the Rwandan government and ALWAYS promotes the views and agenda of foreign and local critics, opposition groups and individuals against Rwanda, and most especially its leadership and politics. It is also not known if its Rwandan and foreign readership are aware of its highly satirical nature that is saturated with overt elements of rogue political mobilisation.
Aurore kayitesire
Aurore Kayitesire ni rwiyemezamirimo wo mu Rwanda, washinze Weya Creations Ltd, uruganda rukora imyenda.
Pariki y’Ibirunga ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo
Pariki y’Ibirunga ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo
Hillal Soudani
El Arabi Hilal Soudani ( wavutse 25 Ugushyingo 1987) ni umukinnyi w'umupira w'amaguru ukomoka muri Alijeriya ukina nk'umukinnyi ukina imbere mu ikipe ya Damake yo mu gihugu cya  Arabiya Sawudite ndetse n’ikipe y'igihugu ya Alijeriya. thumb|Hillal Soudani Soudani yagaragaye bwa mbere ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu mwaka wa 2010, agaragara mu marushanwa ya 2013, 2015 na 2017 mu gikombe cy’Afurika cy’ibihugu, ndetse no mu gikombe cy’isi cya FIFA cy'abereye muri Burezili 2014. Kugeza mu Gushyingo 2019, yatsindiye imipira 54 mpuzamahanga ndetse atsinda ibitego 24, bituma aba umunyalijeriya w'atsinze ibitego bitandatu mu mateka.
ASO Chlef
Soudani wavukiye muri Chlefe, yatangiye umwuga we mu ntera ntoya y’ikipe yavukiyemo Chlef. Muri Gicurasi 2006, afite imyaka 19, yatangiye gukinira ikipe ye ya mbere muri iyi kipe asimbuye USM Annaba mu cyiciro cya 28 cya <a href="./2005–06_Alijeriya_Championnat_Igihugu" rel="mw:WikiLink" data-linkid="228" data-cx="{&quot;adapted&quot;:false,&quot;sourceTitle&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;2005–06 Algerian Championnat National&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;Football league season&quot;,&quot;pageprops&quot;:{&quot;wikibase_item&quot;:&quot;Q2948884&quot;},&quot;pagelanguage&quot;:&quot;en&quot;},&quot;targetFrom&quot;:&quot;mt&quot;}" class="cx-link" id="mwKA" title="2005–06 Alijeriya Championnat Igihugu">shampiyona</a> yo muri Alijeriya 2005 kugeza 06, yaje gukinira Samir Zaoui ku munota wa 72.
Muri 2008, Soudani yatorewe kuba umukinnyi w’umwaka wa 2008  nyuma yo gutsinda ibitego 11 mu mikino 24 muri shampiyona ya 2007–08.
Muri Kamena 2011, Soudani yagiye mu igeragezwa n'ikipe y'Abafaransa <a href="./Ligue_2" rel="mw:WikiLink" data-linkid="232" data-cx="{&quot;adapted&quot;:false,&quot;sourceTitle&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Ligue 2&quot;,&quot;thumbnail&quot;:{&quot;source&quot;:&quot;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Ligue_2_logo.svg/80px-Ligue_2_logo.svg.png&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:80,&quot;height&quot;:117},&quot;description&quot;:&quot;Football league&quot;,&quot;pageprops&quot;:{&quot;wikibase_item&quot;:&quot;Q217374&quot;},&quot;pagelanguage&quot;:&quot;en&quot;},&quot;targetFrom&quot;:&quot;mt&quot;}" class="cx-link" id="mwMA" title="Ligue 2">shampiyona</a> 2 muri Le Mans FC.
Vitória de Guimaraes
Ku ya 8 Kanama 2011, Soudani yasinyanye amasezerano y’imyaka itatu n’ikipe ya Victoriya yo muri Porutugali. Amafaranga yo kwimura byavuzwe ko mu mayelo 800.000. Ku ya 25 Kanama 2011, Soudani yatangiye gukinira Vitória ku mugaragaro nk'umusimbura w’iminota 66 mu mukino wo kwishyura wa shampiyona <a href="./Olympiacos_F.C." rel="mw:WikiLink" data-linkid="572" data-cx="{&quot;adapted&quot;:false,&quot;sourceTitle&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Olympiacos F.C.&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;Greek association football club&quot;,&quot;pageprops&quot;:{&quot;wikibase_item&quot;:&quot;Q19628&quot;},&quot;pagelanguage&quot;:&quot;en&quot;},&quot;targetFrom&quot;:&quot;source&quot;}" class="cx-link" id="mwAcU" title="Olympiacos F.C.">yiburayi</a> 2011 muri 12 na Atletico Madrid. Ku ya 16 Ukwakira 2011, Soudani yafunguye konti ye muri iyi kipe akoresheje igitego mu cyiciro cya gatatu cya Taca yo muri Poritugale 2011 kugeza 12 na Moura Atlético Clube. Nyuma yo gutsinda igitego 1-0, Soudani yatsinze igitego cyo kunganya ku munota wa 89 wumukino wohereza umukino kumwanya winyongera, mbere yo gutsinda uwatsinze kumunota wa 117. Ku ya 1 Mata 2012, yatsinze igitego cye cya mbere muri Primeira Liga itsinze Pacos ya Ferreira ibitego 3-1. Ku ya 21 Mata, yatsinze igitego 3-2 yatsinze Uniayo ya Leiria.
Ku ya 26 Gicurasi 2013, Soudani yafashije Vitória gutsinda umukino wa mbere wa Taça de Portugal yatsinze Benfica ibitego 2–1 ku mukino wa nyuma, atsinda igitego cyo kunganya ku munota wa 79 mbere yuko Ricardo Pereira atsinda igitego nyuma yiminota ibiri. Bukeye, yagiye muri Korowasiya kugira ngo arangize ubuvuzi mbere yo kwimurirwa i Dinamo Zagreb.
Icyubahiro
ASO Chlef
Vitória Guimarães
Umuntu ku giti cye
Ihuza ryo hanze
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Aligeriya
Jacqueline Musiitwa
Uburezi
Musiitwa yabonye impamyabumenyi ye ya mbere, Impamyabumenyi y’ubuhanzi mu bumenyi bwa politiki n’ubushakashatsi mpuzamahanga, yakuye muri kaminuza ya Davidson, i Davidson, muri Leta ya Carolina y’Amajyaruguru, muri Amerika, arangiza mu 2003. Yimukiye muri kaminuza ya Melbourne, i Melbourne, muri Ositaraliya, arangiriza aho afite impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga ya Juris mu 2006. Yabonye kandi Impamyabumenyi mu by'amategeko, yakuye muri Australian National University, i Canberra.
Yabonye kandi amahugurwa y’ubucamanza n’ubucuruzi yakuye mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’i La Haye (Impamyabumenyi mu Mategeko Mpuzamahanga Yigenga, mu 2009), Ishuri ry’Ubucuruzi rya Oxford Said (Porogaramu ya Archbishop Tutu Leadership Fellowship Program, muri 2011) na  Harvard Kennedy School of Government (Uburezi Nshingwabikorwa mu Isesengura rya Politiki rusange, muri 2012).