cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Imirire y'ingurube
Ibiryo bisanzwe bigaburirwa ingurube ariko bidatuma zikura vuba
3. Ibisigazwa byo mu nganda zitunganya ibikomoka ku buhinzi: ibisigazwa by’ingano n’iby’ibigori, ariko kubera ko bikomera cyane, bikoreshwa inshuro nke, bivangwa mu biryo ku rugero rwa 1/3.
Ibiryo bifite intungamubiri zuzuye
Ibinyampeke: ibigori, umuceri…;
Ibigize iyo ndyo muri rusange :
Hashobora gukoreshwa ishwagara n’amagufa n’ibishishwa by’amagi bimaze gutwikwa kandi biseye, cyane ku bibwana. Iyo ifu y’amaraso n’amafi bibuze, hakoreshwa ibyatsi bikungahaye mu ntungamubiri. Ni yo mpamvu gutera uduti nka Kaliyandara (Calliandra calothyrsus), Sesibaniya (Sesbania), lesena (Leucaena leucocephala) mu murima bigira akamaro.
Ibishishwa by’imyumbati, by’ibijumba bigomba guhabwa ingurube bitetse.
Kuva ingurube igejeje ku biro 70 igipimo cy’ibiryo ntikigomba kurenza ibiro 2,4 kugira ngo idakomeza kwiyongera ibinure.
Reba
Ikiciro:Ingurube Ikiciro:Ubworozi Ikiciro:Ubworozi bw'umwuga
Bikira Mariya w'Ikibeho
thumb|Ishusho ya Bikiramariyya w '' Ikibeho Bikira Mariya w'IKibeho ni izina ryahawe amabonekerwa ya Mariya yerekeye ingimbi nyinshi, mu myaka ya za 1980 i Kibeho, mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bw'u Rwanda. Niyo mabonekerwa yonyine yemewe Vatikani kumugabane wa Afrika.
Biboneka ko amabonekerwa yamenyesheje ubutumwa butandukanye abanyeshuri, harimwo iyerekwa rya apocarite w'U Rwanda rumanuka mu ihohoterwa n'inzangano, bikaba bishoboka ko byahanuye itsembabwoko ryo mu Rwanda ryo mu 1994. Mu 2001, umwepiskopi waho wa Kiliziya Gatolika yemeye ku mugaragaro iyerekwa ry’abanyeshuri batatu b’ishuri ko ari ukuri.
Amabonekerwa
Kibeho ni umudugudu muto uherereye mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bw'u Rwanda. Ibonekerwa ryavuzwe ko ryatangiye ku ya 28 Ugushyingo 1981, muri iki gihe amakimbirane yariyongereye hagati y’imitwe y’abatutsi n’abahutu. Byabereye mu ishuri rya Kibeho, mu ishuri ryisumbuye ry’abakobwa, kandi harimo umwijima mu Rwanda rwinjira mu ihohoterwa n’inzangano benshi bemeza ko byahanuye jenoside yo mu Rwanda mu 1994. Mu myaka ya za 1980, Bikira Mariya nibwo yabonekeye abakobwa batatu bakiri bato, yiyita Nyina wa Jambo, bikaba byari bihwanye na Umubaye W' »(“ Nyina w'Imana "). Ababonye ibi batangaje ko Mariya yasabye abantu bose gusenga kugirango birinde intambara iteye ubwoba. Mu iyerekwa ryo ku ya 19 Kanama 1982, bose bavuze ko babonye urugomo, imirambo yatemaguwe, ndetse no kurimbuka.
Urutonde rurerure cyane rwerekanwe na Alphonsine Mumureke, wari wabonye iyerekwa rya mbere nyuma gato yo kwinjira mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Kibeho mu Kwakira 1981 nyuma y’amashuri abanza, naho irya nyuma ku ya 28 Ugushyingo 1989. Anathalie Mukamazimpaka niwe wakurikiyeho kugira iyerekwa, ryatangiye kuva muri Mutarama 1982 kugeza ku ya 3 Ukuboza 1983. Aba bashimangiye amasengesho adashira n’impongano, Mariya ndetse yategetse Mukamazimpaka gukora penetensiya binyuze mu gupfa umubiri. Marie Claire Mukangango, wabanje gutoteza Mumureke ku ishuri kubera iyerekwa, we ubwe yagize ibonekerwa ryabaye kuva ku ya 2 Werurwe kugeza ku ya 15 Nzeri 1982. Mariya yabwiye Mukangango ko abantu bagomba gusenga ishapure y'ububabare burindwi kugirango babone kwihana.
Aberekwa batemewe
Abandi bavugaga ko bafite iyerekwa nk'iryo ni Stephanie Mukamurenzi, Agnes Kamagaju, Vestine Salima, na Emmanuel Segatashya, uwanyuma muri bo mbere yari umupagani maze aba umuvugabutumwa wa gikristo mu barokore. Segatashya yeretswe mu iyerekwa harimo guhura na Kristo bimuha umunezero.
Gusobanura
Iri yerekwa rishobora gufatwa nk'ikimenyetso cyerekana itsembabwoko ryo mu Rwanda, cyane cyane ubwicanyi bwa kabiri bwa Kibeho mu 1995. Ishuri ryabereyemo iyerekwa ryabaye ahantu hiciwe abantu benshi mu gihe cya Jenoside kuko abana benshi barashwe bakanicwa n’iterabwoba ry’Abahutu. Aberekwa bari bahunze urugomo cyangwa bari mu bahitanwe na Jenoside mu Rwanda.
Kwemeza
Umwepiskopi wa Gikongoro, Augustin Misago, yemeje ubwitange rusange bufitanye isano n’ibonekerwa ku ya 15 Kanama 1988 ( Umuhango wo gufata icyemezo cya Mariya ) maze atangaza ko ari ukuri ku ya 29 Kamena 2001. Yashinjwaga mu 1999 kuba yaragize uruhare muri Jenoside mu Rwanda, maze agirwa umwere ku ya 24 Kamena y'umwaka ukurikira.
Ingoro ya Bikira Mariya
Ingoro ya Marian i Kibeho yiswe "Ingoro ya Bikira Mariya w'akababaro " mu 1992. Ibuye rya mbere ryashyizweho ku ya 28 Ugushyingo 1992. Mu masezerano yo mu 2003 hagati y’abasanzwe baho n’umuryango wa Apostolate Gatolika (Pallotine), umuyobozi w’urusengero rwa Bikira Mariya wa Kibeho yahawe inshingano za ba Padiri ba Pallotine. Umuyobozi mukuru ashyirwaho na musenyeri waho hamwe numuyobozi wa Pallottine.
Umuco
Umwanditsi w'amakinamico w'umunyamerika Katori Hall yakinnye ibintu byabereye mu kibonekerwa rya Bikira Mariya wa Kibeho, byakorewe i New York mu 2014.
The Constant Gardener (film)
The Constant Gardener ni filim iri ituruka muri England and German yasohotse muri 2005 iyoborwa na Fernando Meirelles. Amashusho yakozwe na Jeffrey Caine ashingiye ku gitabo cya John le Carré cyo mu 2001 cyitwa The Constant Gardener. Iyi nkuru ikurikira Justin Quayle ( Ralph Fiennes ), umudipolomate w’Ubwongereza muri Kenya, ubwo yageragezaga gukemura ikibazo cy’iyicwa ry’umugore we Tessa ( Rachel Weisz ), uharanira Amnesty, asimburana n’ibintu byinshi byerekana amateka y’urukundo rwabo.
Iyi filime yafatiwe amashusho ahitwa Loiyangalani no mucyaro cya Kibera, igice cya Nairobi, muri Kenya. Ibintu muri kariya gace byagize ingaruka ku bakinnyi ndetse no ku bakozi ku buryo bashizeho Constant Gardener Trust kugira ngo batange uburezi bw'ibanze kuri iyo midugudu. Uyu mugambi washingiye ku buryo budasobanutse ku rubanza rwabayeho i Kano, muri Nijeriya. Impapuro za DVD zasohotse muri Amerika ku ya 1 Mutarama 2006 no mu Bwongereza ku ya 13 Werurwe 2006. Ubwitonzi bwa Justin ariko bwitondewe kubihingwa bye ninsanganyamatsiko yagarukaga, aho ishusho ya firime yakomotse. Hubert Koundé, Danny Huston, Bill Nighy, Pete Postlethwaite, na Donald Sumpter bakoranye. Iyi filime yagenze neza kandi yinjiza amafaranga menshi kandi yegukana ibihembo bine bya Oscar, yegukana umukinnyi wa filime witwaye neza muri Rachel Weisz.
refrences
Ikiciro:Filimi Ikiciro:Afurika
Trojany
Trojany ni umujyi w'u Polonye. thumb|Trojany
Umuzo
thumb|Teclea nobilis thumb|Umuzo Umuzo (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini Teclea nobilis ) ni ubwoko bw’igiti.
Kituo Cha Katiba
thumb|africa Kituo Cha Katiba (KcK) yatangijwe mu mwaka wa 1997 itangirana umugambi wo kwinjiza amatwara yo gukora amategeko nshinga na n’imiyoborere ya demokarasi mu karere ka afurika y’iburasirazuba. KcK itanga ubwisanzure ku baharanira inyungu zitandukanye, abari mu by’amashuri n’abanyapolitiki mu kwitabira ibiganiro, mu bitekerezo byo kwisuzuma ku bibazo by’ingutu bitandukanye bifite akamaro muri iki gihe. Imurongo wa KcK n’uguharanira ko imiryango itegamiye kuri leta yakwitabira imitunganyirize y’imiyoborere ikanigisha umuco wa demokarasi ihuje n’ibyifuzo n’ibyo rubanda rusanzwe rukeneye kandi ikanakrurikirana y’uko imiyoborere ya demokarasi ikoreshwa mu buzima bwa buri munsi,guhera mu rugo, bigakomereza ku kazi, mu kagali, lmu gihugu no muri Afurika yo hagati muri rusange. KcK iyoborwa n’inama y’ubutegetsi igizwe n’banya Kenya, Uganda, Tanzaniya ndetse na Zanzibar. Ubunyamamabanga bwayo ubu ubukaba bukorera I Kampala muri Uganda.
Muri iyi myaka itatu ishize, KcK yakoze misiyo z’ubushakashatsi muri Zanzibar, Kenya na Uganda. Misiyo yo muri Kenya yari iyobowe n’Umukuru wa komisiyo ya Uganda ishinzwe ivugurura ry’Itegekonshinga, Prof. Frederick Ssempebwa, Misiyo yo muri Uganda yari iyobowe n’uwari Umujyanama w4umuryango w’Abibumbye muri Liberia, Prof. Haroub Othman wo muri Zanzibar; Miyiyo yo muri Zanzibar yari iyobowe na Hon. Abubaker Zein, umwe mu bagize komisiyo yo kuvugurura itegekonshinga rya Kenya.Raporo z’izo misiyo zose zarafashije cyane mu mirimo irimo gukorwa yo guteza imbere Amategeko nshinga. Misiyo yo mu Rwanda nayo yari muri urwo rwego.
Abagize misiyo bwa mbere baje mu Rwanda kva ku itariki ya 21 kugeza ku ya 26 Kamena 2004. Misiyo ikurikira yabaye kuva ku itariki ya 20 kugeza ku ya 26 Nyakanga 2004.Impanvu ya misiyo ya kabiri yari iyo kuganira nabo bireba bose misiyo ya mbere itari yabashije kubona ku nshuro ya mbere, cyane cyane imiryango ishinigye ku kwemera n’izindi minisiteri z’ifatizo. Misiyo yo kwimenyereza no kubonana n’abantu batandukanye yari yakozwe ishingiye kuko uretse ko hari imipakaisanzwe, u Rwanda rwari rumwe na Afurika y’iburasirazuba, urebeye ku misanire y’imico, indimi n’imigenzo y’abatuye Afurika y’iburasirazuba n’abanyarwanda. Kubera izo mpanvu, ibibazo by’u Rwanda ni ibibazo bya Afurika y’I Ubrasirazuba bikbba bikeneye igisubizo kimwe nka Afurika y’I burasirazuba.
Icya gatatu, Jenoside mu Rwanda yazahaje cyane abaturage b’u Rwanda inasiga ingaruka zikomeye mu mibereho y’abanyarwanda. Nubwo habayeho imbaraga zishimishije mu gusana u Rwanda nk’igihugu, KcK yasanze ari ngombwa gushimangira kurushaho umugambi wo kurusana.
Ubuhinzi bw'urutoki
thumb|Urutoki buhinzi bw’urutoki bumwinjiriza asaga igice kireenga cya miliyoni mu kwezi.dufite ibitoki biribwa, ibyengwamo imitobe n'inzoga, ibyikuzwa n'imishabi. Amoko y'insina zihingwa arimo aya gakondo atanga umusaruro muke, n'amoko ya kijyambere atanga umusaruro mwiza kandi akihanganira indwara n'ibyonnyi.
1. Amoko y'insina za kijyambere
2.  Amoko ya gakondo
Gutegura umurima w'ibitoki
thumb|ubuhinzi bw'urutoki
Gutegura umwobo wo guteramo nk'uko byavuzwe haruguru
Niba umubyare warononekaye hafi ya wose, ushyirwa kure y'indi hanyuma bagashaka ibindi bikoresho by'ubuhinzi. thumb|Gusukura Insina
Gusukura insina yo gutera no kuyitera:
Kuzuza ubutaka bwiza mu mwobo. Gusiga umwanya wa sentimetero nkeya hejuru kugira ngo amazi yinjiremo.
Kubagara:
Gukuramo ibimera cyangwa ibindi byatsi bibi byimejeje mu murima, kureba neza niba ifumbire  yakoreshejwe ku gihingwa yaragize umumaro, kurwanya ibisambo n'indwara.
thumb|Imirima
Kwicira:
Gukuraho amakoma yapfuye n'insina zapfuye,  kubicamo uduce bigakikizwa ku bihingwa bizima. Ibindi bisigazwa byo mu murima n'ivu ry`ibiti nabyo bishobora kongerwaho bikongerera ubutaka uburumbuke.
Gufumbira urutoki
Gukoresha inyongeramusaruro, ikimoteri, imborera cyangwa imvan'ge yibi byose. Kongeramo inyongeramusaruro ako kanya nyuma yo gutera ku muzenguruko umwe w` igihingwa cy'insina icyo gikorwa kigasubirwamo buri kwezi.
thumb|KUHIRA
Kuhira:
Amakoma afasha kurwanya gutota bikabije ni yo mpamvu ugomba kwitonda ntutose igihingwa kikiri gito kitarazana amakoma.
Gusasira:
Gusasira ni ugukoresha ibikoresho byumutse mu gutwikira ubutaka. Bifasha kugumisha  ububobere mu butaka, bikagabanya isuri y'ubutaka, bigakuraho kumera kw'ibyatsi bibi bikanazanira ubutaka ifumbire igihe bimaze kubora.
REBA
Ikiciro:Urutoki Ikiciro:Ubuhinzi Ikiciro:Ibidukikije Ikiciro:Ibiti Ikiciro:Ibiribwa
Ntajorwa
Vedaste BAKUNDUKIZE;{<UTUYE: GAKENKE, WIGA:KAYONZA>) Washatse Kutwereka k'udukurikirana,tubanj ekugushimira. Ibibazobyawe bikomeye Kubyihutira Ariko Niba abagurishije Imitungo Yawe Ubazineza Ndetse kabone niyobaba aribo baribashinzwe Kukwitaho,gerageza Ubigeze Mubutabera,kdi Ubonye Inararibonyebazi ibyawerwose zisunge Amategeko Bagufashe Bizakemuka kdi mumahoro.Naho Mukwiga Ntuza Tekerezebibaho Guta Amasomo Yawe Ahubwo Shaka Umuntu Ukwegere Cg Ibigo Byita Kumfubyi Bikwishingire Wige Uzarangiza Rwose. Ukene Izindi nama Waduhamagara Kuri;0787372240/0722372240/0784902916/0726634276. Murakoze Kdi Muza Tumeshe Ukobyakugekeye .AMATUS PACIS ~DAGAZA'GAHARA-KIREHE. center|thumb|320x320px|abana bara basuhuza
Umusekera
thumb|Umusekera thumb|Umusekera Umusekera cyangwa Umusasa (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini Ximenia caffra) ni ubwoko bw’igiti n’urubuto. thumb|Umusekera
Perezidansi y’Amerika
Perezidansi y’Amerika cyangwa Perezidansi ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika (izina mu cyongereza: White House )
Iyo nzu mwumva bita “White House”, tugenekereje mu kinyarwanda ni ukuvuga Ingoro y’umweru. Ni ingoro irimo ibiro n’ahantu ubaye Perezida wese wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (USA) agomba gukorera akanaturamo we n’umuryango we. Iriya ngoro iri mu mujyi wa Washington DC (District of Columbia) irimo n’ibiro by’abandi bakozi bakora muri Perezidansi, ibibuga, ubusitani, pisine, aho barebera amacinamico, amafirimi n’ibindi byiza byinshi. Ku isi yose babona iyo ngoro nk’ikimenyetso gikomeye cy’ubutegetsi bwa USA n’igitinyiro cy’igihugu urebye ukuntu umutekano wayo ucunzwe dore ko hari impuguke zivuga ko hari ibyogajuru bikora gusa akazi ko gucunga umutekano wayo.
thumb|american flag Amateka y’iriya nzu atangirana n’igihe Perezida wa mbere wa USA, Bwana George Washington yajyaga ku butegetsi mu 1789. Icyo gihe yakoreraga muri Hotel 2 zari mu Mujyi wa New York. Izo hotel ni iyitwaga Samuel Osgood, yayibayemo kuva muri Mata 1789 kugeza muri Gashyantare 1790 ndetse n’indi yitwaga Alexander Macomb yakoreyemo kuva muri Gashyantare ukageza muri Kanama 1790. Mu kuboza 1790, perezida George Washington yasinye itegeko ry’Inteko ryavugaga ko icyicaro cy’ubutegetsi cya Leta ya USA kigomba kuba mu mujyi wa Philadelphia by’agateganyo mu gihe cy’imyaka 10. Ubwo bateganyaga ko iyo myaka ihagije kugira ngo icyicaro gikuru cya Leta y’Amerika kibe kirangiye kuzura i Washington DC. Umujyi wa Philadelphia wamukodeshereje Hotel yihariye yo gukoreramo yitwaga Robert Morris. Kuva muri Nzeri 1970 kugeza mu Werurwe 1979 perezida George Washington yabaye muri Hotel yitwaga Market Street. Iyo Hotel ngo yaje kuyikorera ivugurura ryamuhaye igitekerezo cy’uko White House izaba isa. George Washington afatanyije n’umuhanga we wari ushinzwe gutunganya imijyi witwa Pierre L’Enfant nibo bahisemo aho White House(Perezidansi y’Amerika) yubatse ubu ngubu.
Notes
Ikiciro:Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika‏‎
Umusozi wa Gitwa
Mu karere ka Rutsiro, umusozi ka Gitwa kahinduriwe izina witwa umusozi wa Nyamagumba.
UMUSOZI GITWA
Agasozi ka Gitwa mu Karere ka Rutsiro mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 hari Chapelle ndetse ikoreshwa n’abakirisitu. Ni agasozi kitaruye ikiyaga cya Kivu, ariko gafasha abakariho kureba indi misozi ikitegeye ndetse bikorohera buri wese kuba yakwirwanaho mu gihe atewe.
GITWA UBU NI NYAMAGUMBA
Agasozi ka Gitwa mu Karere ka Rutsiro kahinduwe umusozi wa Nyamagumba kubera kuhicira Abatutsi muri Mata 1994. Umusozi wa Nyamagumba uzwi nk’umusozi mu Rwanda wari wegereye gereza ya Ruhengeri, imwe mu zafungiwemo abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Habyarimana.
Masedoniya ya Ruguru
Masedoniya ya Ruguru cyangwa Icyahoze ari Repubulika ya Yugosilave ya Masedoniya (izina mu kimasedoniyani: Република Северна Македонија) n’igihugu mu Burayi. Umurwa mukuru wa Masedoniya ya Ruguru witwa Skopje.
Umusozi wa Gitwa
Reba
Ikiciro:Umusozi Ikiciro:Jenocide yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994
Icyuyuyu
thumb|Icyuyuyu Icyuyuyu (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini Pavonia urens) ni ikimera.
Indwara ya Ebola
Indwara ya Ebola (EVD) or Ebola irangwa no kuvira imbere no guhinda umuriro (EHF) ni indwara abantu barware bayitewe n’ Agakoko ka Ebola. Ibimenyetso nyir'izina byayo bitangira kugaragara guhera ku minsi ibiri kugera ku byumweru bitatu umuntu yandujwe n'ako gakoko, akagira umuriro, akababara mu muhogo, akaribwa mu mitsi, no kurwara umutwe. By’umwihariko agira iseseme, akaruka, kandi agahitwa hakurikiraho, gucika intege k’ umwijima n’ impyiko. Iyo indwara igeze kuri urwo rwego, abantu bamwe batangira kuvirirana amaraso.
Ako gakoko gashobora kwandurira mu maraso cyangwa amatembabuzi ava mu mubiri w’inyamaswa yanduye (akenshi kaboneka mu nkende cyangwa mu ducurama). Ikwirakwizwa n’umwuka ikanyanyagira ahantu hadukikije n’ubwo nta nyandiko iriho ibinononsora. Bakaba bakeka ko yazanywe n’Uducurama noneho tukayikwirakwiza kandi two ikaba yari itaratangira kutugaragaraho. Iyo umuntu amaze kwandura, na we atangira kuyikwirakwiza mu bandi bantu. Abagabo bayanduye mu gihe bakiriho bashobora kuyanduza biciye mu masohoro mu gihe nk’icy’amezi abiri. Kugira ngo babashe kuyisuzuma, kuko ibimenyetso byayo nyir’izina bisa nk’iby’izindi ndwara nka malariya, kolera n’izindi ndwara ziterwa n’agakoko zirangwa no kuva amaraso no guhinda umuriro zigomba kubanza gutandukanywa na yo. Kugira ngo ibivuye mu isuzuma byemezwe amaraso yafashwe apimwamo udukoko ndwanyamubiri, udukoko RNA, cyangwa ako gakoko ubwako. center|thumb|320x320px|Virusi ya Ebola Kuyirinda bisaba kuyibuza gukwirakwira iva mu nkende zanduye no mu ducurama twanduye yinjira mu bantu. Kugira ngo ibyo bikorwe ni ugusuzuma izo nyamaswa niba zaranduye izanduye zikicwa kandi imibiri y'izishwe igatwikirwa cyane ku buryo bwabigenewe. Guteka inyama zigashya ku buryo bwabigenewe kwambara imyenda ikingira umubiri mu gihe umuntu akorakora inyama nabyo byafasha kwirinda, kimwe n’uko wakwambara imyenda ikingira umubiri ugomba no gukaraba intoki mu gihe wegeranye n’umuntu wanduye. Ibipimo by'amatembabuzi n'iby'uruhu rw'umubiri by'abantu banduye bigomba gukorwaho mu bwitonzi budasanzwe.
Nta muti wihariye wo kuvura iyi ndwara; imbaraga zo gufasha abantu bayanduye zishyirwa mu kuba wabaha nk’ ibinyobwa bibarinda umwuma ( amazi yo kunywa arimo agasukari gake n'umun thumb|Epidemia del ebola muri Afrika yuburengerazuba yu) cyangwa kubatera serumu mu mutsi. Iyi indwara ifite igipimo cyo hejuru cy’abantu ihitana: akenshi ihitana hagati ya 50% na 90% y'abanduye agakoko kayitera. Indwara ya Ebola EVD yabonetse bwa mbere muri Sudani no muri Repuburika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. T Iyi ndwara ku bw'umwihariko iboneka mu bihugu by'akarere k'ibihugu bikikije koma y'isi byo Muri Afurika yo munsi ya Sahara. Kuva muri 1976 (ubwo yagaraga bwa mbere) muri 2013, abantu benda kugera ku 1,000 buri mwaka baranduye. Kugeza ku munsi wa none igihe yabonetse cyane kuruta indi myaka ni muri iyi minsi Ebola yagaragaye muri 2014 muri Afurika y’Uburengerazuba, ubwandu bwagaragaye muri Gineya, Sierra Leone, Liberiya bukanagaragara muri Nigeriya. Kugera mu kwezi kwa munani 2014 abantu barenga 1600 banduye bamaze kuboneka. Imbaraga kuri ubu zirimo zirashyirwa mu gushaka urukingo; ariko rero byumvikane, nta rukingo na rumwe rwari rwaboneka.
Nijeriya
Nijeriya cyangwa Nigeriya, Repubulika ya Nijeriya (izina mu cyongereza : Federal Republic of Nigeria ; izina mu kigibo : Njíkötá Óchíchìiwù Naíjíríà ; izina mu gifurahe : Republik Federaal bu Niiseriya ; izina mu kiyoruba : Àpapọ̀ Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà ; izina mu gihawusa : Jamhuriyar Tarayiar Nijeriya ) n’igihugu muri Afurika. Umurwa mukuru wa Nijeriya witwa Abuja. thumb|Coat of arms of Nigeria Indimi nkuru za Nijeriya ni ikigibo, ikiyoruba, igihawusa, n’icyongereza.
Nijeriya yabayemo ibihugu byinshi by’abasangwabutaka mbere y’abakoloni n’ubwami kuva mu kinyagihumbi cya kabiri mbere ya Yesu, aho umuco wa Nok mu kinyejana cya 15 mbere ya Yesu wabaye ubumwe bwa mbere muri icyo gihugu. Intara ya kijyambere yatangiriye ku bukoloni bw’Abongereza mu kinyejana cya 19, ifata imiterere y’akarere kayo hamwe n’ubuyobozi bwa Nijeriya y'Amajyepfo na Protekate ya Nijeriya y'Amajyaruguru mu 1914 na Lord Lugard. Abongereza bashizeho inzego z’ubuyobozi n’amategeko mu gihe bakurikiza amategeko ataziguye binyuze mu batware gakondo bo mu karere ka Nijeriya. Nijeriya yabaye federasiyo yigenga ku ya 1 Ukwakira 1960. Yahuye n’intambara y’abenegihugu kuva 1967 kugeza 1970, ikurikirwa n’ubutegetsi bwa gisivili bwatowe binyuze mu nzira ya demokarasi hamwe n’igitugu cya gisirikare, kugeza igihe habaye demokarasi ihamye mu matora y’umukuru w’igihugu ya 1999; amatora yo mu 2015 bwari bwo bwa mbere perezida uriho atsinzwe amatora.
Nijeriya nimbaraga zo mukarere muri Afrika, imbaraga zo hagati mububanyi n’amahanga, kandi ni imbaraga zigaragara ku isi. Ubukungu bwa Nijeriya ni bunini muri Afurika, ku mwanya wa 25 ku isi ku musaruro rusange, na 25 muri PPP. Nijeriya bakunze kwita Igihangange cya Afurika bitewe n’abaturage benshi n’ubukungu [19] kandi ifatwa nkisoko rigenda ryiyongera na Banki yisi. Icyakora, igihugu kiri hasi cyane ku rutonde rw’iterambere ry’abantu kandi gikomeza kuba kimwe mu bihugu byononekaye cyane ku isi. [20] Nijeriya ni umunyamuryango washinze Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika kandi ni umunyamuryango w’imiryango mpuzamahanga, harimo Umuryango w’abibumbye, Umuryango w’ibihugu bigize Umuryango, NAM, [22] Umuryango w’ubukungu w’ibihugu bya Afurika y’iburengerazuba, na OPEC. Numunyamuryango witsinda rya MINT ridasanzwe ryibihugu kandi ni kimwe mubukungu bukurikira.
References
Ikiciro:Afurika Ikiciro:Ibihugu
18 Hours
alt=Ifoto yagaragaza umuburo ko 18 Hours igiye gusohoka.|thumb|Ifoto yagaragaza umuburo ko 18 Hours igiye gusohoka. 18 Hours ni film yikinamico yo muri Kenya 2017 yanditswe kandi iyobowe na Njue Kevin kumugaragaro bwa mbere. Abakinnyi barimo Nick Ndeda, Sue Wanjiru, Brian Ogola, Isaya Evans na Shirleen Wangari. Iyi filime "ikurikira inkeragutabara ya rookie irokoka amasaha 18 muri ambulance ubuzima bw'impanuka yo mu muhanda yangiwe kwinjira mu bitaro ." Iyi filime, yakoze amateka nk’ifoto ya mbere yo muri Kenya yatowe muri Filime Nziza Muri rusange muri Afurika Magic Viewers Choice Awards ( AMVCA ) yegukana ibindi 4 bahatanira ibihembo muri 2018.
Umusaruro
Igitekerezo cya firime cyatangiye mu 2015 ubwo Njue Kevin, umwanditsi & diregiteri, yasomaga inkuru ku kinyamakuru. Ninkuru yahumetswe namakuba yabayeho, aho umugabo yavuye ambulance mumasaha 18 kuko ibitaro byigihugu bya Kenyatta(Kenyatta National Hospital) byavugaga ko bidafite uburiri bwa ICU(ICU bed). Nibwo twatangiye gukina hirya no hino twibwira ko iyi idashobora kuba film ikomeye; twibwira ko ari firime yo kwishimisha ariko ikanakoreshwa muguhindura imibereho. Producer, Phoebe Ruguru yahise yomekwa hanyuma iterambere ryimyandikire ritangirana no kuvugana nabaganga benshi nabatekinisiye byihutirwa bari barinjiye rwose kandi bafite uruhare mumushinga hose. Njue yabitangaje, kubwibyo twagombaga kuba abizerwa mubuvandimwe, nkuko Njue yabitangarije BBC Gahuzamiryango.
Igikorwa cyo gukina cyari cy'itabiriwe nabantu kandi cy'itabiriwe n'abakinnyi ba Kenya nubwo umusaruro wakiriye ibyifuzo by'abakinnyi kwisi yose harimo bamwe bo muri LA, Hollywood, London, nu Budage. Ihamagarwa rya casting ryashyizwe k'umurongo kandi ryakiriye abasaba 1000 hanyuma 25 gusa binjira muri firime. Nyuma yo kwandika, Njue yahaye akazi umuhanzi w'inkuru maze akambika ibyumweru 4 mu nzu ye i Nairobi aho bakoze ibishushanyo n'amashusho kugira ngo basobanure inkuru.
Kurekura
18 Hours yafunguriwe mu nzu y'imikino muri Afrika y'uburasirazuba ku ya 10 Ugushyingo 2017 kuri premier yagurishijwe. Abanyamakuru benshi bishimiye itangizwa ryabo barimo umukinnyi ukomoka mu gihugu cya Kenya, David Rudisha,  wagize uruhare mu gikorwa cyo kwamamaza kugira ngo baharanire ubutabazi bwihuse muri Kenya. Filime yakiriwe neza muri Kenya hamwe nibisobanuro byerekana ubutwari bwa Njue Kevin nitsinda rye gukora firime 18 Hours
references
Ikiciro:Filimi Ikiciro:Afurika
Umuganzacyaro (Ziziphus mucronata)
thumb|Umuganzacyaro thumb|Umuganzacya thumb|Umuganzacya Umuganzacyaro (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini Ziziphus mucronata) ni ubwoko bw’igiti n’urubuto.
Adamu
thumb|213x213px|Adamu na Eva ni abantu bavugwa muri bibiliya yera bahoze batuye mu bwami bwa edeni thumb|Adamu ''Iy'ingingo iragaruka kunkuru ndetse no kwishusho rusange rya bibiliya. Kubindi bikoreshwa, Ukeneye ibisobanuro byimbitse ndetse no gusobanukirwa birushijeho, reba Adamu na Eva.''
Adamu ni ishusho mu gitabo cy'Itangiriro muri Bibiliya y'Igiheburayo, no muri Korowani no mu myizerere ya gikristo. Dukurikije imigani y'irema [1] y'amadini ya Aburahamu, niwe muntu wa mbere. Mu Itangiriro na Korowani, Adamu n'umugore we birukanwe mu busitani bwa Edeni bazira kurya imbuto z'igiti cy'ubumenyi bw'icyiza n'ikibi.
Uburyo butandukanye bwo kurema no gusobanura Bibiliya buvuga ko Adamu ari umuntu wamateka. Ibimenyetso bya siyansi ntibishyigikira igitekerezo cy'uko abantu bose bakomoka ku muntu umwe. center|thumb|320x320px|bibiliya Ijambo adam rikoreshwa kandi muri Bibiliya nk'izina, umuntu ku giti cye nk '"umuntu" kandi mu buryo rusange nk "abantu". Adamu wo muri Bibiliya (umuntu, abantu) yaremewe kuva adamah (isi), kandi Itangiriro 1-8 ryerekana uruhare runini rwubucuti hagati yabo, kuko Adamu yatandukanijwe nisi kubwo kutumvira kwe.
Indanganturo (Reference)
Byahinduwe mu Kinyarwanda https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam
Ikiciro:Isezerano rya Kera
House of Lungula
House of Lungula ni filime yo gusetsa yo muri Kenya yasohotse 2013 iyobowe na Alexandros Konstantaras. Yibanze ku mibonano mpuzabitsina y'Abanyakenya basanzwe. Ijambo "lungula" risobanura "igitsina" mu mvugo ya Kenya, Sheng. Muri filime hagaragaramo Gerald Langiri, Lizz Njagah na Ian Mbugua. Langiri akina ari umugabo ukora cyane ukeneye amafaranga kugirango yishyure inkwano y'umukunzi we, naho Njagah akina ari umugore wahisemo gukina umukino wa tit-tat-tat amenye ko umugabo we afite ihabara. Mbugua afitanye umubano wihishe nundi mukoba muto wakinnye yitwa Sara Hassan, akaba yikundira abagabo b'inararibonye bafite amafaranga. Filime yagenewe abarengeje imyaka 18+ nishyirahamwe ry'ubuyobozi bwa firime muri Kenya.
Igitabo
thumb|Ibitabo Igitabo (ubuke: Ibitabo)
House of Lungula
Umuziki
House of Lungula yagaragayemo ibikorwa byinshi bya muzika byari byakozwe n'abahanzi bo muri Kenya. Ni Sisi Band yakoze "(Give it all to me) Inzu ya Lungula", niyo yari amajwi nyamukuru ya firime. Muri iyi filime kandi hagaragayemo Chuom 32 hamwe na Doreen Nyawira akora "House of Lungula OST". ".
references
Ikiciro:Afurika y'iburasirazuba Ikiciro:Afurika y’Epfo Ikiciro:Filimi
Afurika
thumb| Ingano ya Afrika ugereranije nindi migabane. Afurika ni umugabane wa kabiri ku isi nini kandi wa kabiri utuwe cyane, nyuma ya Aziya mubice byombi. Kuri kilometero zigera kuri 30.3 km2 (kilometero kare miliyoni 11.7) harimo ibirwa byegeranye, bifite 20% byubutaka bwisi na 6% byubuso bwose. Hafi ya miliyari 1.4 kugeza mu 2021, bingana na 18% by'abatuye isi. Abatuye Afurika ni bato mu migabane yose; imyaka yo hagati muri 2012 yari 19.7, mugihe isi yo hagati yisi yari 30.4. Nubwo umutungo kamere utandukanye, Afurika nu mugabane ukize cyane ku mugabane wa buri muntu kandi uwa kabiri ukize cyane ku butunzi bwose, inyuma ya Oseyaniya. Intiti zabyitiriye ibintu bitandukanye birimo geografiya, ikirere, amoko, ubukoloni, Intambara y'ubutita, neocolonialism, kubura demokarasi, na ruswa. Nubwo ubwo butunzi bwibanze cyane, kwagura ubukungu vuba hamwe n’abaturage benshi n’urubyiruko bituma Afurika iba isoko ry’ubukungu ku isi hose.
Umugabane uzengurutswe n'Inyanja ya Mediterane mu majyaruguru, Isthmus ya Suez n'Inyanja Itukura mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba, inyanja y'Ubuhinde mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba n'inyanja ya Atalantika iburengerazuba. Umugabane urimo Madagasikari n'ibirwa bitandukanye. Irimo ibihugu 54 byigenga byemewe, intara umunani n’ibihugu bibiri byigenga bifite aho bigarukira cyangwa bitamenyekana. Alijeriya nicyo gihugu kinini muri Afurika ku karere, na Nijeriya nicyo kinini mu baturage. Ibihugu by'Afurika bifatanya binyuze mu ishyirwaho ry’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika, rifite icyicaro i Addis Abeba..
Afurika ikurikirana ekwateri na meridian yibanze. Numugabane wonyine urambuye uva mu majyaruguru yubushyuhe ugana mu majyepfo yubushyuhe. Igice kinini cyumugabane n’ibihugu byacyo biri mu gice cy’amajyaruguru, gifite igice kinini n’umubare w’ibihugu byo mu majyepfo y’isi. Igice kinini cy'umugabane kiri mu turere dushyuha, usibye igice kinini cya Sahara y'Uburengerazuba, Alijeriya, Libiya na Misiri, mu majyaruguru ya Mauritania, n'uturere twose twa Maroc, Ceuta, Melilla, na Tuniziya na byo bikaba biri hejuru ya tropic ya Kanseri, mu majyaruguru yubushyuhe. Mu bundi buryo bukabije bw’umugabane, amajyepfo ya Namibiya, Botswana y’amajyepfo, uduce twinshi twa Afurika yepfo, intara zose za Lesotho na Eswatini hamwe n’amajyepfo ya Mozambike na Madagasikari biherereye munsi y’ubushyuhe bwa Capricorn, mu majyepfo y’ubushyuhe. thumb|Africa (orthographic projection) Afurika ni ibinyabuzima bitandukanye; ni umugabane ufite umubare munini w’amoko ya megafauna, kubera ko utagize ingaruka cyane ku kuzimangana kwa megafauna ya Pleistocene. Icyakora, Afurika nayo yibasiwe cyane n’ibibazo byinshi by’ibidukikije, birimo ubutayu, gutema amashyamba, ibura ry’amazi n’umwanda. Izi mpungenge zishingiye ku bidukikije ziteganijwe kwiyongera kubera ko imihindagurikire y’ikirere igira ingaruka muri Afurika. Itsinda ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku mihindagurikire y’ibihe ryagaragaje ko Afurika ari umugabane wibasiwe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere
Amateka ya Afrika ni maremare, aragoye, kandi yakunze gushimwa n’umuryango w’amateka ku isi. Afurika, cyane cyane Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, yemerwa cyane nk'ahantu abantu bakomoka ndetse no mu bwoko bwa Hominidae (inguge nini). Hominide ya mbere na basekuruza babo yanditswe mu myaka igera kuri miliyoni 7 ishize, harimo Sahelanthropus tchadensis, Australopithecus africanus, A. afarensis, Homo erectus, H. habilis na H. ergaster - ibisigazwa bya Homo sapiens ya mbere (abantu ba none), biboneka muri Etiyopiya, Afurika y'Epfo, na Maroc, guhera mu myaka 233.000, 259.000, na 300.000 mu myaka yashize, kandi bivugwa ko Homo sapiens yakomotse muri Afurika mu myaka 350.000-226.000 ishize. Afurika nayo ifatwa naba antropropologiste ko ari umugabane utandukanye wa genetike bitewe no kuba utuwe cyane.
Imico yabantu ya mbere, nka Egiputa ya kera na Carthage byagaragaye muri Afrika yepfo. Nyuma y’amateka maremare kandi akomeye y’umuco, kwimuka n’ubucuruzi, Afurika yakiriye amoko menshi, imico n’indimi. Mu myaka 400 ishize hagaragaye uruhare rw’iburayi ku mugabane wa Afurika. Guhera mu kinyejana cya 16, ibyo byatewe n'ubucuruzi, harimo n'ubucuruzi bw'abacakara ba Trans-Atlantike, bwateje abaturage benshi ba diaspora bo muri Afurika muri Amerika. Kuva mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 kugeza mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, ibihugu by'i Burayi byakoronije hafi ya Afurika yose, bigera aho Etiyopiya na Liberiya byonyine byari abapolisi bigenga. Ibihugu byinshi biriho muri Afurika byavuye mu nzira ya decolonisation nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose.
Etymology
thumb| Ubwinshi bwa Afrika bwagaragaye nabakozi ba Apollo 17 Afri yari izina ry'ikilatini ryakoreshwaga ryerekeza ku baturage bo muri Afurika y'amajyaruguru yari azwi mu burengerazuba bw'umugezi wa Nili, kandi mu buryo bwagutse ryerekeza ku bihugu byose byo mu majyepfo ya Mediterane (Libiya ya kera). Iri zina risa nkaho ryabanje kuvuga ubwoko bwa kavukire bwa Libiya, umukurambere wa Berber ya none; reba Terence yo kuganira. Iri zina ubusanzwe ryari rifitanye isano n'ijambo ry'Abanyafenisiya ʿafar risobanura "umukungugu", ariko hypothesis yo mu 1981 yemeje ko rikomoka ku ijambo rya Berber ifri (ifran nyinshi) risobanura "ubuvumo", ryerekeza ku batuye mu buvumo. Ijambo rimwe rishobora kuboneka mu izina rya Banu Ifran ukomoka muri Alijeriya na Tripolitania, umuryango wa Berber ukomoka muri Yafran (uzwi kandi ku izina rya Ifrane) mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa Libiya, ndetse n'umujyi wa Ifrane muri Maroc.
Ku butegetsi bw'Abaroma, Carthage yabaye umurwa mukuru w'intara icyo gihe yise Africa Proconsularis, nyuma yo gutsindwa na Carthagine mu ntambara ya gatatu y'ibihano mu 146 MIC, yari irimo igice cyo ku nkombe za Libiya ya none. Umugereka w'ikilatini -ica urashobora rimwe na rimwe gukoreshwa mu kwerekana igihugu (urugero, muri Celtica kuva muri Celtae, nkuko byakoreshejwe na Julius Caesar). Agace k'abayisilamu nyuma ya Ifriqiya, nyuma yo kwigarurira ubwami bwa Byzantine (Uburasirazuba bw'Abaroma) Exarchatus Africae, nabwo bwarinze ubwoko bw'izina.
Nk’uko Abanyaroma babivuga, Afurika iri mu burengerazuba bwa Misiri, mu gihe "Aziya" yakoreshwaga yerekeza kuri Anatoliya n'ubutaka mu burasirazuba. Umurongo utomoye washyizweho hagati y’umugabane w’ibihugu byombi n’umuhanga mu bumenyi bw’isi witwa Ptolémée (85-165 GC), werekana Alegizandiriya hafi ya Meridiya ya mbere kandi bigatuma isthus ya Suez n’Inyanja Itukura umupaka uhuza Aziya na Afurika. Mugihe Abanyaburayi basobanukiwe n’urugero nyarwo rw’umugabane, igitekerezo cya "Afurika" cyagutse n'ubumenyi bwabo.
Ibindi bitekerezo bya etymologiya byashyizwe ku izina rya kera "Afurika" Ikiciro:Imigabane y’Isi Ikiciro:Afurika
Fred Kudjo Kuwornu
Fred Kudjo Kuwornu (yavutse ku ya 6 Nzeri 1971), ni Umutaliyani, umukinnyi wa filime wo muri Gana, producer, uharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu akaba n'umwarimu ufite icyicaro i New York.
Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa documentaire zizwi cyane nka Blaxploitalian Imyaka 100 Yirabura muri Sinema y'Ubutaliyani, Imbere ya Buffalo na 18 IUS SOLI. Inyandiko ze zivuga ku nsanganyamatsiko za politiki n'imibereho myiza y'abaturage, nk'ivanguramoko, umubano hagati y'amoko, ubudasa, Abanyafurika-Abataliyani ndetse n'irangamuntu ya Diaspora mu Butaliyani na diaspora ya Afurika ku isi. Niwe mutaliyani wambere ukomoka muri Afrika abaye umuyobozi.
Ubuzima bwite
Yavutse ku ya 6 Nzeri 1971 i Bologna mu Butaliyani kwa se uva Gana na nyina w’umutaliyani. Se Perviss Kuwornu akomoka mu mudugudu wo mu karere ka Volta, muri Gana, wageze mu Butaliyani mu 1965 yiga ubuvuzi. Se wize ibijyanye no kubaga umutima nubuvuzi rusange nyuma arangiza kaminuza. Nyina Alessandra Giacomelli ni Umuyahudi wo mu Butaliyani wo muri Bologna. Kuwornu yakuriye i Bologna, nyuma yimukira muri Gana, Ferrara, Roma.
Umusigiti wa Al-Salih Tala’i
thumb|umusiigiti wa Al-Salih Tala’i urebeye hejuru thumb|umusigiti wa Al-Salih Tala’i Umusigiti wa Al-Salih Tala’i (izina mu cyarabu: مسجد الصالح طلائع) ni umusigiti i Cairo muri Misiri.
Fred Kudjo Kuwornu
Umwuga
Amashuri yisumbuye mu Butaliyani no muri Amerika, yabonye impamyabumenyi ya siyanse ya politiki n'itangazamakuru, yakuye muri kaminuza ya Bologna. Ku myaka 16, Fred Kuwornu atangira ubunararibonye bwe nk'umuvugizi wa Radio Estense, radiyo yo muri Ferrara, bityo anonosora ubuhanga bwe bwo guhanga hamwe n'ishyaka rye rya muzika, mu myaka intsinzi ya Rap n'inzu mu muco w'Ubutaliyani. Umwuga we nka DJ uzakomeza kumyaka 15 iri imbere kumaradiyo atandukanye, nka "Radio Bologna International", na "Radio Jam FM." Ku izina ry'irihimbano “Freddy Ajya mu nzu” akora nka producer wa label Mantra Vibes, amenya imbyino imwe yise “Ifirimbi” (1998) na “Sun Train” (1999). Azahagarika umwuga we wa radio igihe azaba yimukiye i Roma gukora muri sinema na TV.
Amashusho
Ikiciro:Filimi Ikiciro:Afurika Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime
Ubuzima bw'Ingurube
thumb|Ubworozi bw'Ingurube Ubworozi bw'ingurube bujyana no kubungabunga ubuzima bwazo.
Kurinda ayo matungo indwara.
– Umworozi agomba kurwanya inzoka n’udukoko two ku mubiri;
– Ingurube zigomba gusasirwa hakoreshejwe ishinge cyangwa ibarizo. Aho iryama hagomba kuba hacuramye kugira ngo amaganga amanuke yoye kureka aho iryama.
1. Udukoko ku ruhu
dutera ingurube kwishima cyane ku buryo yikuba cyangwa yishima cyane kugeza aho ikomerekeye. Iyo ndwara irandura cyane, igomba kuvurwa ikigaragara. Iyo ndwara iterwa n’udukoko twitwa «Psoroptes» cyangwa «Sarcoptes». Mu kuvura iyo ndwara, hakoreshwa cyane umuti witwa «Amitix» cyangwa «Ivermectine».
2. Inzoka z’imbere mu mubiri:
inzoka mbi ni asikarisi na teniya.
Uburyo bwo kuzirwanya
Asikarisi
Imiti ikunze gukoreshwa ni «Albendasol», «Ivermectine», ni yo miti ivura inzoka nyinshi icya rimwe, ariko hari n’indi nka «Piperazine» (ivura asikarisi gusa), «Mebendazol» (ivura asikarisi, n’inzoka zitwa strongle).
Kuri teniya
Imiti ikoreshwa ni «Ivermectine», «Albendasol» na «Yomezan».
3. Rouget (soma ruje) :
Iyo ndwara iterwa na mikorobi, ishobora
kwanduza umuntu n’ayandi matungo rimwe na rimwe.
Ibimenyetso byayo ni ibi bikurikira: ingurube igira umuriro mwinshi, kugeza kuri dogere 42; iraryama ntiyongere kurya.
Mu bice by’umubiri byoroha nk’amatwi, ku matako no ku nda, hazaho ibiziga by’amaraso, n’amabara atukura, ayo mabara asibangana gato iyo bayakanze n’urutoki. Ingurube iyo itavuwe ipfa nyuma y’iminsi 2-4. Iyo babaze ingurube yishwe n’iyo ndwara imbere mu nda hose haba hari utudomo dutukura.
Mu mpeshyi, iyo ndwara igaragaza ibimenyetso by’umweru aho gutukura. Iyo ngurube ipfa nyuma y’amasaha 12-24. Ingurube n’iyo yaba ikize ishobora kurwara indwara y’umutima cyangwa igakomeza kubyimba amaguru.
Icyitonderwa:
iyo ndwara ntikunda gufata ibibwana, ifata ingurube zifite hagati y’amezi atatu n’imyaka ibiri.
Uko umworozi abyifatamo: iyo indwara igaragaye, umworozi akoresha «Penicilline», akenshi iba ihagije. Imiti igizwe na Kalisiyumu na yo ni ngombwa kuko ifasha mu kongera gukomeza amagufa yahungabanyijwe n’indwara. Habaho kandi n’urukingo kuva ku mezi 2. Inyagazi buri gihe uko icukije igomba gukingirwa, imfizi ikingirwa buri mezi 6. Umworozi yirinda gukingira inyagazi zihaka.
4. Guhitwa kw’ibibwana by’ingurube
Uko guhitwa guterwa n’impamvu zikurikira :
– Kurya nabi,Kororera habi, Mikorobi
Uburyo bwo kurwanya impiswi :
Guha inyagazi umuti w’inzoka kugira ngo itazanduza ibibwana byayo.
Gutuganya akazu k’ibibwana gashyushye, aho byaba mu gihe cy’iminsi 15.
Gutera ibibwana urushinge rwa «infero» ku munsi wa 15, «ferkobsang » ku munsi wa 15 kugira ngo babifashe gurwanya ibihe bibi igihe cy’icyumweru cya kabiri n’igihe cy’icuka. Kugaburira neza inyagazi kugira ngo ibibwana bibone amagurubegurube ahagije.
Kudahubukira gucutsa ibibwana :
– Gukura ingurube mu nzu ibibwana bikayisigaramo
– Kudashyira ibibwana by’ingurube byinshi mu nzu imwe.
Igikombe cy’Afurika cy’Ibihugu (CAN 2010)
Igikombe cy’Afurika cy’Ibihugu
Igitangaje ni uko ubuyobozi bwa CAF bwo buvuga ko igikombe cya Afurika bidasubirwaho kizatangira kuri iki cyumweru tariki 10 Mutarama 2010. center|thumb|420x420px|South Africa Football
Ubuhinzi bw'imigano mu Rwanda
thumb|Igihingwa cy'umugano Umugano ni igihingwa gikura vuba cyane kwisi. Ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwimigano bushobora gukura kurenza metero 1 kumunsi, nibura cm 4 ku isaha imwe. Politiki yo mu Rwanda yemeje ko ibiti by'imigano byakongerwa mu mashyamba n'ingamba z'iterambere muri rusange, ariko igice kimwe cya societe kiracyumva ko hakitatabwa cyane kubyerekeranye nubushobozi bwimigano no gutanga ibisubizo kubibazo byakazi mu igihugu. Imigano mu Rwanda ihinze k'ubuso bwa hegitari 4382 z'ubutaka, bingana na 1.82 ku ijana by'amashyamba yose y’igihugu. Mu Rwanda, hari amoko atandukanye y'imigano, harimo Bambusa vulgaris, Arundinaria alpine na Oxythenanthera abyssinica. Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe muri Ruhande Arboreum bwerekanye ko Dendrocalamus giganteus ari ubundi bwoko bukura neza mu Rwanda.
Amateka
thumb|Ibikoresho bikozwe mu gihingwa cy'umugano Umuyobozi mukuru wa Bambousa Ltd, Jean Bosco Uwizeyimana, avuga ko ubufatanye bwa Leta n’abikorera mu micungire y’ibihingwa by’imigano mu Rwanda butazashimangira gusa icyifuzo cya guverinoma cyo kongera icyatsi kibisi, ahubwo kizafasha kugera ku mibereho myiza n'inyungu z'ubukungu ndetse inyungu z’ibidukikije.
Mu nama yabereye i Kigali, yakiriwe na Minisiteri y'Umutungo Kamere Dr Vincent Biruta, yavuze ko iyi nama yahamagariwe gusangira ubunararibonye hagati y’abafata ibyemezo n’abikorera ku giti cyabo mu gutunganya imigano, kunoza ubufatanye no kuganira ku buryo bwo guteza imbere igihingwa cy'imigano. Kuva mu mwaka wa 2010, minisiteri yazamuye imigano kugira ngo ikoreshwe nka zone buffer ku nkombe z'umugezi, harimo Akanyaru, Sebeya na Nyabarongo. Icyakora, abashoramari bake bahisemo gushishikarira iki gikorwa, kiganisha ku gusarura amashyamba yimigano “yeze”. Biruta yagize ati " dukeneye abantu bashobora gusarura ibiti by'imigano no kubikoresha mugutunganya amenyo, ubukorikori, nibindi.
Akazi
thumb|kubyaza umusaruro igihingwa cy'umugano U Rwanda rukwiranye no gukoresha imigano kandi inyungu zayo zirashobora kugerwaho haba ku bidukikije ndetse no ku bantu. Urebye imiterere y’imirima itatanye hirya no hino mu Rwanda, hari amahirwe yo gushinga inganda zikomeye z’imigano zidasaba ikoranabuhanga rinini ariko zongerera agaciro ibicuruzwa bitoshye. Guverinoma irashaka gukorana cyane n’abikorera kugira ngo ibyo bigerweho, byatanga akazi kandi bikazamura amafaranga mu cyaro,
Akamaro k'imigano
Kuberako imigano ishobora gukura kubutaka butandukanye, imigano irashobora guhingwa neza mubihugu byinshi bikunda kwangizwa n'ibiza ndetse n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere. Kongera igihingwa cy'Imigano ni uburyo bwiza bwo kugabanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere hamwe n’ibihingwa bikurikirana, bikurura toni ziri hagati ya 100 na 400 za karubone kuri hegitari. Mu 1997, hashyizweho umuryango mpuzamahanga uhuriweho na leta hagamijwe guteza imbere ubuhinzi bw’imigano, Umuryango mpuzamahanga w’imigano na Rattan. Ubusanzwe imigano isarurwa nkibikoresho byo kubaka, ibiryo, ubukorikori nibindi bicuruzwa byakozwe
Inganturo
Ikiciro:Ibidukikije Ikiciro:Ubuhinzi Ikiciro:Inganda zo mu Rwanda
Yinsi
center|thumb|520x520px|ibihugu
Umupira w’amaguru
thumb|Umukino w'umupira wamaguru ubamo urukundo thumb|Umukino Utuma abana bagirana ubushuti. Umupira w’amaguru (izina mu cyongereza Football ) ni umukino.
Yinsi
C
Canada - Central African Republic - Chad - Chile - People's Republic of China - Republic of China (Taiwan) - Colombia - Comoros - Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire) - Republic of the Congo - Costa Rica - Côte d'Ivoire - Croatia - Cuba - Cyprus - Czech Republic
Umupira w’amaguru
Muri iki gihe hari byinshi bivugwa ku buryo amategeko y’umupira w’amaguru asigaye ateye, ibi akenshi bigaragara iyo igitego cyanzwe, nibwo abafana bava ku kibuga bijujuta bikomeye cyane bavuga ko bibwe, maze bakishyiriramo abasifuzi nyamara abasifuzi baba barengana kuko akenshi iyo babonye ibyabereye mu kibuga neza bitabacitse baba bakurikije amategeko ya FIFA nkuko abivuga.
Yinsi
D
Denmark - Djibouti - Dominica - Dominican Republic
E
Ecuador - Egypt - El Salvador - England (see Royaume-Uni) - Equatorial Guinea - Eritrea - Espania - Estoni - Ethiopia
Umupira w’amaguru
Iyo witegereje neza ukareba itegeko rya 11 rivuga amakosa, hari byinshi ritwereka nko mu gika cyaryo cya mbere aho basobanura ikosa icyo ari cyo.
Kugaruka kw'intare muri parike akagera
alt=Intare ziri muri parike ya Akagera|thumb|221x221px|Intare ziri muri parike ya Akagera.kugarura intare mu kagera
Yinsi
G
Gana - Gambia - Georgia - Gelesi - Grenada - Guatemala - Guinea - Guinea-Bissau - Guyana
Umupira w’amaguru
Abantu bakunda umupira w’amaguru.
Kugaruka kw'intare muri parike akagera
Bigaragaza ko u Rwanda ruza
Umupira w’amaguru
Uko bigenda ahantu hose ku isi hari coach (umutoza) ushinzwe ibyo mu kibuga hakaba Team manager (umyobozi ushinzwe kumenya ibibazo by’abakinnyi ndetse n’uburyo bahagaze ku mikinire), coach (umutoza) afite ushinzwe kumenya Forme manager (ushinzwe kumenya uko abakinnyi bahagaze) z’abakinnyi akamenya ni ba coach (umutoza) atanga imyitozo, akanahuza coach (umutoza) na Direction (ubuyobozi) nk’iyo hari ikibazo.
Rubaya community gene banki
thumb|Aho batunganyiriza imbuto zo guhinga Rubaya community gene Bank iherereye mu murenge wa Rubaya mu karere ka Gicumbi gaherereye mu majyaruguru yu Rwanda, iyobowe na koperative Kundisuka. Yatangiye igihe umuhinzi witwa Mpoberabanzi Silas na agronome ukorera mu murenge wa Rubaya bari bamaze kumenya ko bikenewe kubika neza imbuto zabimwe mubihingwa kuko hari bimwe bigenda bibura mu akarere (urugero: ubwoko bwinshi bwibishyimbo, amashaza, ibigori, ingano n'amasaka). Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'umushinga ryatewe inkunga n'abakozi b'ikigo k'igihugu gishinzwe ubuhinzi (RAB) ku bufatanye na Bioversity International (Plate 18). Komite icunga ndetse ikanareberera umutungo w'ishyirahamwe yashinzwe muri Nzeri 2012 kandi igizwe n' abanyamuryango bagera ku icumi hamwe na Mpoberabanzi Silas nka perezida. Ububiko bwa Rubaya community gene banki bwubatswe n'abanyamuryango ku inkunga ya Vision 2020 umurenge program na Minisiteri yubutegetsi bw'igihugu. thumb|Rubaya agricultural
Umupira w’amaguru
Ariko mu guhamagara abakinnyi ni coach (umutoza) ubahamagara, ariko team manager (ushinzwe kureba uburyo abakinnyi bahagaze) aba yararangije kumubwira abafite forme (abahagaze neza), donc (ni ukuvuga) by’umvikana ko ari ibintu bitatu bitandukanye kandi team manager (ushinzwe abakinnyi) hari n’abatamushaka bagashyiraho directeur technique (umuyobozi ushinzwe tekinike).
Kugaruka kw'intare muri parike akagera
Kwisonga muduteza imbere
Rubaya community gene banki
Intego nyamukuru
Intego yabo nyamukuru nukubika ibihingwa byibanze mukarere (ibigori, ingano, ibishyimbo n'ibirayi), ariko abahinzi bafite uburenganzira bwo gukoresha ibikoresho n'imbuto zibitse muri sitoke no kubungabunga izindi mbuto n'ibikoresho byifashishwa byifashishwa mu gutera. The community gene banki ntiragira uruhare rugaragara mubaturage, urugero, mugutanga imbuto cyangwa kuzamura umusaruro, kuko ikiri mucyiciro cyayo cyambere. Ariko, icyerekezo cyabanyamuryango ni ugushora imari mu kugwiza imbuto, gukora imbuto nziza zizajya zihabwa abaturage bo mukarere,n'amabanki. Ibi bizafasha guhindura uruganda rw'ubuhinzi gushingira kubucuruzi mu ma koperative nkuko byemejwe na RAB.
Yinsi
M
Masedoniya ya Ruguru - Isle of Man - Madagascar - Malawi - Malaysia - Maldives - Mali - Malta - Marshall Islands - Mauritania - Mauritius - Mexico - Federated States of Micronesia - Moldova - Monaco - Mongolia - Monte Negro - Morocco - Mozambique - Myanmar
Kugaruka kw'intare muri parike akagera
Ubukera rugendo.
Rubaya community gene banki
Imikorere n'ibikorwa
The community gene bank ifite inshingano eshatu: kubungabunga imbuto z'ibihingwa byayo; gutanga amahugurwa y'ubuhanga mu buhinzi; no gukwirakwiza ubwoko bw'imbuto z'ibihingwa biri hafi kuzimangana cyangwa bigenda biba bikeya kuko abahinzi bahindukirira ubwoko bw'ibihingwa bwiza. Banki yabaturage ya gene yatangiye gukusanya imbuto
Yinsi
N
Namibia - Nauru - Nepal - The Netherlands - New Zealand ( <i id="mwsA">Aotearoa</i> ) - Ngabu - Nicaragua - Niger - Nigeria - Niue - Norway - Nzadi -
Kugaruka kw'intare muri parike akagera
parike nasiyonari Akagera niyo
Rubaya community gene banki
Imikorere n'ibikorwa
ihereye kubahinzi mumidugudu ibegereye no kuvugurura ibikoresho by'ibimera ishobora kubikwa mu kigega cyayo. Mu ntangiriro, yakoreraga mu ibibanza bitatu bito byose hamwe bingana na 0,30ha, ariko ubu byaragutse kugeza kubibanza 15 (0.85ha) byatewemo ubwoko bw'imbuto zitandukanye zirimo iz'ibishyimbo, ibigori, amashaza, amashaza yinka, ibirayi, ibijumba n'amasaka