cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Franck Waota
Kwitabira muri metero 200 mu mikino Olempike yo mu 1996, yasoreje muri kimwe cya kane kirangiza. Yarangije ku mwanya wa kabiri muri metero 200 muri Shampiyona yimikino ngororamubiri ya bereye m'Ubufaransa muri uwo mwaka.
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi w'iruka na maguru
Ihuriro rya Indoneziya rishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije
Ihuriro rya Indoneziya rishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije ( Wahana Lingkungan Hidup Indoneziya, WALHI) ni umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta ukomoka mu gihugu cya Indoneziya udaharanira inyungu, ukaba uri mu ihuriro ry’inshuti z’isi mpuzamahanga.
uyu muryango washinzwe mu mwaka w'1980 yinjira muri Itsinda ry'inshuti z'isi mu 1989. WALHI ni umuryango utegamiye kuri leta uharanira inyungu z’ibidukikije muri Indoneziya. WALHI ihuza imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta irenga 479 n’abantu 156 mu birwa binini bya Indoneziya, hamwe n’ibiro byigenga hamwe n’intara zo mu nzego z’ibanze ziri mu ntara 27 muri 31 z’igihugu. Akanyamakuru kayo kasohotse mu Cyongereza no mu rurimi kavukire. WALHI ikora ku bibazo byinshi, birimo amakimbirane ashingiye ku buhinzi ku bijyanye no kubona umutungo kamere, uburenganzira bw’abasangwabutaka n’abahinzi, inkombe n’inyanja, ndetse no gutema amashyamba. WALHI ifite kandi ibibazo byinshi byo guca imipaka nk'imihindagurikire y’ikirere, abagore no gucunga ibiza.
Ingano yacyo ni ngari kuruta kwita ku bidukikije gusa: "Risobanura impinduka mu mibereho, ubusugire bw'abaturage, no kuramba kw'ubuzima n'imibereho." Uru rubuga ruvuga kandi ko abakorerabushake ba WALHI bafashije nyuma y’umutingito wa Yogyakarta mu 2006 muri Yogyakarta.
Issama Mpeko
Djo Issama Mpeko (yavutse Ku ya 30 Mata 1989 i Kinshasa, Zaire (ubu ni DR Congo )) ni umukinnyi ukina umupira w'amaguru ukina ari mpuzamahanga ukomoka muri congo  ukina iburyo  inyuma kuri TP Mazembe. Yitoje mu ikipe ya Lumières Mbandaka no muri DC Motema Pembe. Muri 2011 yimuriwe muri As Vita Club yakinnye imikino 115 mu myaka 2 atsinda igitego kimwe. Muri shampiyona yo muri 2013, yasinyanye na Kaburscorp, muri Angola. Akina imikino 17 mu myaka 2 ariko azagu komereka. Muri 2015 yasinyanye na TP Mazembe.
amahuza yo hanze
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo
Sam Bugri
Sam Bugri (wavutse ku ya 2 Mata 1943) ni umukinnyi wabigize umwuga wo gusiganwa ku maguru ukomoka muri Gana. Yarushanwe muri metero 400 mu mikino Olempike yo mu 1968 na Olempike yo mu 1972.
Reba
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Gana
Ikipe
thumb|Ikipe Ikipe y’umupira w’amaguru ni uruganda,ikipe igizwe n’inzego zitandukanye zuzuzanya, hazamo gukorana neza kandi kinyamwuga kuri buri mukozi uri muri izo nzego harimo abayobozi, abatoza, abakinnyi, abashinzwe umutungo, abategura amafunguro y’abakinnyi, abakora isuku, abashinzwe umutekano, abashoferi niwo musaruro mubona mu kibuga no hanze yacyo mu makipe akomeye.
inzego za ikipe
Peresida wa ikipe hagakurikiraho Inama y'ubutegetsi hagakurikiraho Ushinzwe ikipe ( CEO ) hakaza abashizwe umutungo, abashizwe ibya tekinike, abashizwe abakozi, abashizwe kumenyekanisha ibikorwa n;ubucuruzi.
Inyungu za ikipe
Amafaranga ikipe ibona aturuka ahantu hatandukanye, haba abaterankunga, haba amafaranga ava ku bibuga, kugurisha uburenganzira bwo kwerekana amashusho y’ikipe kuri television, kugurisha bimwe mubice bigize stade ku bafatanyabikorwa, kugurisha abakinnyi ahandi, umusanzu w’abafa ni nkunga.
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Siporo Ikiciro:Umuyobozi muri Siporo
Farumasi
Ibikorwa Bya Farumasi
thumb|Ishusho igaragaza ibyiciro bitanu by'ibanze by'ubushakashatsi mu bumenyi bwa farumasi. Ibikorwa bya farumasi bikubiyemo inshingano gakondo nko guhuza no gutanga imiti, kandi ikubiyemo serivisi zigezweho zijyanye no kwita ku buzima, harimo serivisi z’amavuriro, gusuzuma imiti y’umutekano n’ingirakamaro, no gutanga amakuru y’ibiyobyabwenge. Abafarumasiye rero, ni inzobere mu kuvura ibiyobyabwenge kandi ni inzobere mu buzima bw’ibanze zitezimbere gukoresha imiti ku nyungu z’abarwayi.
Ababigize umwuga
Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima rivuga ko ku isi hari byibuze miliyoni 2.6 z'aba farumasi n'abandi bakozi ba farumasi.
Abafarumasiye
thumb|Umufarumasiye ari muri laboratwari ya farumasi. Abafarumasiye ni inzobere mu by'ubuzima zifite uburezi n’amahugurwa yihariye bakora imirimo itandukanye kugira ngo abarwayi babo babone umusaruro mwiza binyuze mu gukoresha imiti neza. Abafarumasiye barashobora kandi kuba ba rwiyemezamirimo bato, bafite farumasi bakoreramo. Kubera ko abafarumasiye bazi uburyo bwimikorere yibiyobyabwenge runaka, ningaruka za metabolisme ningaruka za physiologique kumubiri wumuntu kuburyo burambuye, bigira uruhare runini mugutezimbere imiti ivura umuntu.
Abatekinisiye ba farumasi
Abatekinisiye ba farumasi bashyigikira umurimo w’aba farumasi n’abandi bahanga mu buzima bakora imirimo itandukanye ijyanye na farumasi, harimo gutanga imiti yandikiwe n’ibindi bikoresho by’ubuvuzi no kubigisha kubikoresha. Barashobora kandi gukora imirimo yubuyobozi mubikorwa bya farumasi, nko gusuzuma ibyifuzo byandikirwa mubiro byubuvuzi hamwe n’amasosiyete yubwishingizi kugirango imiti ikwiye itangwe kandi ubwishyu bwakiriwe.
Referances
Ikiciro:Health Ikiciro:Ubuzima
Urubaho runini (filime y'uruhererekane)
Big Timber ni filime ishingiye ku nkuru mpamyo yerekeye ubucuruzi bw'biti ku kirwa cya Vancouver, muri Kanada. Igihembwe cya mbere cyafashwe amashusho kuva muri Nzeri 2019 kugeza Mutarama 2020 hanyuma gitangwa bwa mbere n’umuyoboro w’amateka ya Kanada ku ya 8 Ukwakira 2020. Kuva yagurwa kandi ikwirakwizwa ku isi yose binyuze kuri Netflix, wafashaga gutera inkunga igihembwe cya kabiri kubera ko yakiriwe neza kurubuga. Igihembwe cya kabiri cyafashwe amashusho muri 2021 cyongera gusohoka ku mateka. Urukurikirane rwasohotse kandi rwose ku ya 18 Nyakanga 2022 kuri Netflix. [1]
Tampungu Dikete
Dikete Tampungu (Yavutse Ku ya 16 Mata 1980) ni umukinnyi ukina umupira w'amaguru wa congo,.
Yitabiriye igikombe cy’Afurika muri 2006 hamwe n’ikipe ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo.
amahuza yo hanze
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo
Richard Kasagga
Richard Juuko Kasagga (yavutse ku ya 4 Nyakanga 1993) ni umukinnyi ukina umupira w'amaguru muri Uganda ukina nka myugariromu ikipe ya Olympique Béja muri shampiyona ya Tuniziya.akaba akinira ikipe y'igihugu ya Uganda.
Umwuga wambere
Kasagga yatangiye umwuga wo gukina mu makipe yo muri shampiyona ya Uganda muri Kiira Young FC muri 2013 aho yakinnye kugeza 2015.
Tugarutse muri Uganda
Muri 2016, yasinyiye umujyi wa Uganda mu ikipe ya  Kampala City Authority aho yakinnye shampiyona ebyiri  mbere yo kwimukira muri Uganda Revenue Authority SC. Kasagga yagaragaye muri shampiyona ya Uganda  hamwe na URA kuva 2017 kugeza 2018.
Reba
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Uganda
Tajudeen Abdul-Raheem
Tajudeen Abdul-Raheem, impirimbanyi y' ubumwe bw' Afurika yavutse 1961 atabaruka 2009, ni umunyafurika wavukiye muri Nigeria.
Paul-José M'Poku
thumb|Paul-José M'Poku Paul-José M'Poku Ebunge, bakunze kwita Paul-José Mpoku akitwa kandi Polo Mpoku, (yavutse Ku ya 19 Mata 1992 i Kinshasa, muri Zayire) ni umukinnyi ukina ari mpuzamahanga w'umupira w'amaguru ukomoka muri Kongo, Akina nk'umukinnyi wo hagati muri Incheon United.
Tajudeen Abdul-Raheem
AMATEKA
Uyu mugabo yavutse muri 1961, yabaye impirimbanyi y' ubumwe bw' Afurika mubyerekeranye na politike, ubukungu n' uburezi. yabaye umunyamabanga mukuru wa Pan- African movement ndetse n' umuyobozi mukuru muri Afurika yunze ubumwe ushinzwe ubutabera. yitabye Imana mu kwezi kwa gatanu 24 muri 2009 mu murwa mukuru wa Kenya azize impanuka y' imodoka ubwo, yerekezaga ku kibuga cy' indege, yari agiye mu rugendo mu Rwanda aho yari aje guhura na Nyakubahwa perezida wa repubulika y' u Rwanda Paul KAGAME. Tajudeen Abdul-Raheem yari umunyamakuru n' uwanditse w' umwuga.
Paul-José M'Poku
Ubuzima
Atangira umupira w'amaguru abatarabigize umwuga, muri Cornesse. Hamwe na Luis Pedro Cavanda runaka mu makipe ye.
Paul-José M'Poku yatangiye imyitozo muri Standard de Liège muri 2004. Mu 2008, yavuye mu Bwongereza yinjira mu kigo cy'amahugurwa cya Tottenham Hotspur. Nyuma y'ibihe bibiri hamwe nu rubyiruko rwiyi kipe, yatijwe umwaka umwe muri Leyton Orient.
Ku ya 19 Nyakanga 2011, yasubiye muri Standard de Liège aho yasinye amasezerano 4  y'umwuga.
Ku ya 23 Ugushyingo 2012, yatsinze igitego cya mbere ku mutuku m'ugihe cya Standard de Lierse, umukino Standard yatsinze ibitego 3-0
Ku ya 26 Gicurasi 2013, yasinyiye ibitego bitatu ye yambere yatsinze 7-0 na La Gantoise kumukino wibizamini byi Burayi.
Muri shampiyona yo muri 2013-2014, yaturikiye rwose mu ikipe ya Liégeois, yitabira imikino hafi ya yose yo mu cyiciro cya mbere cy’Ababiligi, maze aba umunyembaraga mu ikipe ye, hamwe n’abakinnyi nka Michy Batshuayi by'umwihariko. Mu mpera zuyu mwaka wuzuye amarangamutima, M'poku azatsinda 12  mu mikino 49  yitabiriye. Standard izarangiza shampiyona ukurikira wu bubiligi, gusa ibuze umutwe.
Ubuzima bwite
Ni musaza wa Albert Sambi Lokonga, nawe umukinnyi wumupira wamaguru wa bigize umwuga.
Reba
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo
George Daniels (umukinnyi)
George Kofi Daniels (8 Werurwe 1950 - 13 Kanama 2005) yari umukinnyi wa bigize umwuga mu gusiganwa ku maguru ukomoka muri  Gana witabiriye imikino Olempike yo mu 1972.
Reba
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Gana
Tobias Kouendolo
Tobiya Badila Kouendolo, uzwi ku izina rya Tobiya Badila, (yavutse Ku ya 12 Gicurasi 1993 muri Dijon) Ni umukinnyi ukina umupira w'amaguru ari mpuzamahanga ukomoka muri congo. Yakinnye ibumoso.
Umwuga
Muri 2006, Tobias Badila yinjiye mu kuzamurwa ba mbere bari m'ubyiringiro bya pole ya Dijon, mu myaka ibiri yabanjirije imyitozo.
Nyuma yo gukoranywa na Dijon FCO, yasinyanye amasezerano ya mbere n’umwuga na Nancy mu mpeshyi yo muri 2013, nyuma y’uko ikipe ye imanuka muri Ligue 2.
Kuva icyo gihe, yahinduye imitungo itimunwa, aho yakuyemo impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu biganiro bitimukanwa. Yaje kuba umufatanyabikorwa wa Univers Viager Bourgogne-Franche-Comté muri Mata 2021.
Ibingwi
Yatsinze muri Ligue 2 muri 2016 hamwe na AS Nancy-Lorraine.
amahuza yo hanze
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo
Es mutunda wfc
Es mutunda wfc (Ecole Mutunda Women Football Club)  ni ikipe y’umupira wa maguru wa babigize umwuga. Ni ikipe igaragaramo abagore n’abakobwa mugukina shampiyona y’igihugu I tegurwa na FERWAFA, Ishyirahamwe ry’umupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda ndetse n’igikombe cy’amahoro cy’igihugu cyu Rwanda. Es mutunda wfc ikina mu shampiyona y’icyiciro cya mbere cyu mu mupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda mu bagore.
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Siporo Ikiciro:Ikipe ya bagore
Inzu Ndangamurage ya Comoros
thumb| Inzu Ndangamurage ya Comoros Inzu Ndangamurage ya Comoros ni inzu ndangamurage y'igihugu mu murwa mukuru wa Moroni ku kirwa cya Grande Comore mu gihugu cya Comoros, yerekana umurage ndangamuco w'igihugu.
Iyi nzu ndangamurage iri mu kigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe inyandiko n’ubushakashatsi mu bumenyi (CNDRS). Iyi nzu ndangamurage ifitanye isano n'inzu ndangamurage ebyiri nto zo mu karere ku birwa bya Anjouan na Mohéli.
Ihuza ryo hanze
Ikiciro:Komore Ikiciro:Amateka Ikiciro:Iterambere rya Afurica
Umushinga wa Green Gicumbi
thumb| Ibidukikije bya Gicumbi Gushimangira guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’abaturage bo mu cyaro mu majyaruguru y’u Rwanda, bakunze kwita umushinga wa Green Gicumbi, ni umushinga wa leta uzamara imyaka itandatu, watangijwe ku ya 26 Ukwakira 2019 na Guverinoma y’u Rwanda, ubinyujije muri Minisiteri y’ibidukikije n’ikigega cy’ibidukikije cy’u Rwanda (FONERWA) ) hagamijwe kongera ubudahangarwa ku mihindagurikire y'ikirere bimyuze mu baturage bo mu cyaro mu majyaruguru y'u Rwanda, cyane cyane mu Karere ka Gicumbi .  thumb| ikirere cya gicumbi
Amavu n'amavuko
Umushinga ugomba gushyirwa mu bikorwa n'ikigega cy'igihugu gishinzwe ibidukikije. Jean Marie Vianney Kagenza ni Umuyobozi wumushinga.
Ibigize Umushinga
Minisiteri y’ibidukikije mu Rwanda ivuga ko umushinga wa Green Gicumbi urimo ibice bikurikira:
Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'umushinga
Muri Mutarama 2022, Guverinoma y'u Rwanda, ibinyujije mu mushinga wa Green Gicumbi, yatangiye kubaka amazu 200 atanga umusanzu mu kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere ahanini ku baturage ba Gicumbi, abaturage benshi bimuwe bazaba bari mu cyiciro cya mbere n'icya kabiri cy'Ubudehe batuye mu manegeka, ahantu hashobora kwibasirwa cyane. Umuyobozi w’umushinga yatangaje ko umushinga w’imiturire igezweho uherereye mu mirenge ya Rubaya na Kaniga, ukaba ufatwa nk’umudugudu w’icyitegererezo aho abagenerwabikorwa bazahabwa izindi nkunga nk’inka ndetse n’umutungo wo kwikenura harimo imirima y’imboga  mu mudugudu, nk'uko byatangajwe n’umuyobozi w’umushinga.
Ubuvuzi rusange
thumb|Ibirango by'ubuvuzi Ubuvuzi cyangwa ubuvuzi rusange ni ugutezimbere ubuzima binyuze mu gukumira, gusuzuma, kuvura, gukiza cyangwa gukiza indwara, indwara, ibikomere, n’ubundi bumuga bw’umubiri n’ubwenge mu bantu. Ubuvuzi butangwa ninzobere mu buzima hamwe n’ubuzima bufatanije. Ubuvuzi, amenyo, farumasi, umubyaza, ubuforomo, optometrie, audiologiya, psychologiya, kuvura akazi, kuvura umubiri, imyitozo ngororamubiri, n'indi myuga y'ubuzima byose bigize ubuvuzi. Harimo imirimo ikorwa mugutanga ubuvuzi bwibanze, ubuvuzi bwisumbuye, nubuvuzi bwa kaminuza, ndetse no mubuzima rusange.
Igishushanyo cy’ibitanda by’ibitaro ku bantu 1000 ku isi mu 2013, ku isonga; Ku ifoto thumb|Ikirango cy'ubuzima ku rwego mpuzamahanga ni ikigo cya Weill-Cornell (ikigo cyera hagati)
Kubona ubuvuzi birashobora gutandukana mubihugu, abaturage, nabantu ku giti cyabo, bitewe n’imibereho n’ubukungu ndetse na politiki y’ubuzima. Gutanga serivisi z'ubuvuzi bisobanura "gukoresha igihe cya serivisi z'ubuzima ku giti cyawe kugira ngo tugere ku musaruro mwiza w'ubuzima". Ibintu bigomba kwitabwaho mubijyanye no kwivuza harimo imbogamizi zamafaranga (nko kwishingira ubwishingizi), inzitizi z’imiterere n’ibikoresho (nk'amafaranga y’inyongera yo gutwara abantu ndetse no gufata igihe cyo kuruhuka ku kazi kugira ngo ukoreshe izo serivisi), ibyifuzo by’umuco, hamwe n’imipaka bwite; (kubura ubushobozi bwo kuvugana nabashinzwe ubuzima, kutamenya gusoma no kwandika, amafaranga make). [4] Imipaka kuri serivisi zita ku buzima igira ingaruka mbi ku mikoreshereze y’ubuvuzi, ingaruka z’ubuvuzi, hamwe n’ibisubizo muri rusange (imibereho myiza, impfu).
Sisitemu yubuzima nimiryango yashizweho kugirango ihuze ibyifuzo byubuzima bwabaturage. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) rivuga ko gahunda y’ubuvuzi ikora neza isaba uburyo bwo gutera inkunga, abakozi bahuguwe neza kandi bahembwa bihagije, amakuru yizewe ashingiraho ibyemezo na politiki, hamwe n’ibigo nderabuzima bibungabunzwe neza kugira ngo bitange ubuziranenge imiti n'ikoranabuhanga.
Sisitemu nziza yubuzima irashobora kugira uruhare runini mubukungu bwigihugu, iterambere, ninganda. Ubuvuzi busanzwe bufatwa nkigikorwa cyingenzi mugutezimbere ubuzima rusange bwumubiri nubwenge ndetse n'imibereho myiza yabantu ku isi. Urugero rwibi ni ukurandura burundu ibicurane ku isi mu 1980, byatangajwe na OMS, ko ari indwara ya mbere mu mateka y’abantu yakuweho n’ubuzima nkana. [6]
Gutanga
Hindura
Reba kandi: Inzobere mu buzima
Ubuvuzi bwibanze bushobora gutangwa mubigo nderabuzima byabaturage.
Gutanga ubuvuzi bugezweho biterwa nitsinda ryinzobere zahuguwe hamwe naba paraprofessional bahurira hamwe nkamakipe atandukanye. Ibi birimo inzobere mu buvuzi, psychologiya, physiotherapie, abaforomo, amenyo, ababyaza n’ubuzima bufatanije, hamwe n’abandi benshi nk’abashinzwe ubuzima rusange, abashinzwe ubuzima bw’abaturage n’abakozi bafasha, batanga gahunda ku buryo bwihariye bwo kwita ku gukumira, kuvura no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe; serivisi.
Icyumba cyihutirwa akenshi ni ikibanza cyambere cyo gutanga ubuvuzi bwibanze.
Ubuvuzi bwibanze
Ingingo nyamukuru: Ubuvuzi bwibanze
Reba kandi: Ubuvuzi bwibanze, ubuvuzi bwa Ambulatory, nubuvuzi bwihutirwa
Gari ya moshi y'ibitaro "Therapist Matvei Mudrov" i Khabarovsk, mu Burusiya [9]
Ubuvuzi bw'ibanze bivuga imirimo y'inzobere mu buzima zikora nk'ingingo ya mbere yo kugisha inama abarwayi bose bari muri gahunda z'ubuzima. [8] Umunyamwuga nkuyu yaba umuganga wibanze, nkumuganga rusange cyangwa umuganga wumuryango. Undi munyamwuga yaba umwuga wigenga wemewe nka physiotherapiste, cyangwa umuganga wibanze utari umuganga nkumufasha wumuganga cyangwa umuforomo. Ukurikije aho gahunda yubuzima ihagaze, umurwayi ashobora kubanza kubona undi mwuga wubuzima, nka farumasi cyangwa umuforomo. Bitewe n'imiterere y'ubuzima, abarwayi barashobora koherezwa kwa kabiri cyangwa kaminuza.
Ubuvuzi bwibanze bukunze gukoreshwa nkijambo rya serivisi zita kubuzima zigira uruhare mubaturage. Irashobora gutangwa muburyo butandukanye igenamiterere, nkibigo byita ku Byihutirwa bitanga umunsi umwe gahunda cyangwa serivisi mukugenda.
Ubuvuzi bwibanze bukubiyemo ubuvuzi bwagutse cyane, harimo imyaka yose y’abarwayi, abarwayi bakomoka mu mibereho n’ubukungu n’imibereho yose, abarwayi bashaka kubungabunga ubuzima bwiza, n’abarwayi bafite ibibazo byose by’ubuzima bukabije kandi budakira bw’umubiri, bwo mu mutwe ndetse n’imibereho, harimo byinshi indwara zidakira. Kubwibyo, umuganga wibanze agomba kuba afite ubumenyi bwagutse mubice byinshi. Gukomeza ni ikintu cy'ingenzi kiranga ubuvuzi bw'ibanze, kubera ko abarwayi bakunze guhitamo kubaza umuganga umwe kugira ngo basuzume buri gihe kandi babone uburyo bwo kwirinda, uburezi ku buzima, kandi igihe cyose bakeneye inama ya mbere ku kibazo gishya cy'ubuzima. Ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga ry’ubuvuzi bwibanze (ICPC) ni igikoresho gisanzwe cyo gusobanukirwa no gusesengura amakuru yerekeye ibikorwa by’ubuvuzi bwibanze hashingiwe ku mpamvu yo gusura umurwayi.
Indwara zidakira zikunze kuvurwa mubuvuzi bwibanze zishobora kubamo, urugero, hypertension, diyabete, asima, COPD, kwiheba no guhangayika, kubabara umugongo, arthrite cyangwa imikorere ya tiroyide. Ubuvuzi bwibanze burimo kandi serivisi zingenzi zita kubuzima bw’ababyeyi n’abana, nka serivisi zo kuboneza urubyaro no gukingira. Muri Amerika, Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku rwego rw’ubuzima mu mwaka wa 2013 bwerekanye ko indwara z’uruhu (42.7%), osteoarthritis hamwe n’indwara zifatika (33,6%), ibibazo by’umugongo (23.9%), indwara ziterwa na metabolisme ya lipide (22.4%), n’indwara zo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero yo hejuru; (22.1%, usibye asima) nizo mpamvu zikunze kugaragara kwa muganga.
Muri Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika, abaganga bambere bambere batangiye gutanga ubuvuzi bwibanze hanze yubuvuzi bucungwa (ubwishingizi-bwishyuza) binyuze mubuvuzi bwibanze butaziguye aribwo buryo bwo kuvura imiti isanzwe. Abaganga muriki cyitegererezo bishyuza abarwayi serivisi zitaziguye, haba mbere yishyuwe mbere, buri gihembwe, cyangwa buri mwaka, cyangwa fagitire kuri buri serivisi mubiro. Ingero zubuvuzi bwibanze burimo Ubuzima bwibanze muri Colorado na Qliance i Washington.
Icyiciro cya kabiri
Ibitaro by’Urwibutso rwa Jackson i Miami, ibitaro by’ibanze byigisha by’ishuri ry’ubuvuzi rya Leonard M. Miller wo muri kaminuza ya Miami ndetse n’ibitaro binini muri Amerika bifite ibitanda 1.547 [15]
Mu bihugu bikorera muri gahunda y’ubuvuzi ivanze n’isoko, abaganga bamwe bagabanya imyitozo yabo ku buvuzi bwa kabiri basaba abarwayi kubanza kubona ubuvuzi bwibanze. Iri tegeko rishobora gushyirwaho hakurikijwe amasezerano yo kwishyura muri gahunda yubwishingizi bwubuzima bwigenga cyangwa mumatsinda. Mu bindi bihe, inzobere mu buvuzi zishobora kubona abarwayi bataboherejwe, kandi abarwayi bashobora guhitamo niba boherejwe ubwabo.
Mu bindi bihugu, abarwayi biyitirira inzobere mu buvuzi kugira ngo bavurwe mu cyiciro cya kabiri ntibisanzwe kuko kubanza koherezwa ku wundi muganga (yaba umuganga w’ibanze cyangwa undi muhanga) bifatwa nkenerwa, hatitawe ku kuba inkunga ituruka muri gahunda z’ubwishingizi bw’abikorera cyangwa ubwishingizi bw’ubuzima bw’igihugu;.
Inzobere mu by'ubuzima zifatanije, nk'abavuzi b'umubiri, abavuzi b'ubuhumekero, abavuzi babigize umwuga, abavuga imvugo, n'abashinzwe imirire, na bo muri rusange bakora mu buvuzi bwa kabiri, baboneka binyuze mu kohereza abarwayi ubwabo cyangwa bakohereza abaganga.
Ubuvuzi bwa gatatu
Ibitaro by’igihugu bishinzwe ubuvuzi bw’imyororokere na Neurosurgie i Londere, mu Bwongereza ni ibitaro by’inzobere mu bijyanye n’imitsi.
Ubuvuzi bwa Tertiary ni ubuvuzi bwihariye bwo kwita ku buzima, ubusanzwe ku barwayi no koherezwa n’inzobere mu buzima bw’ibanze cyangwa yisumbuye, mu kigo gifite abakozi n’ibikoresho byo gukora iperereza ry’ubuvuzi n’ubuvuzi, nka kaminuza.
y ibitaro byoherejwe.
Urugero rwa serivisi zita ku barwayi bo mu rwego rwa gatatu ni imicungire ya kanseri, kubaga indwara zo mu mutwe, kubaga umutima, kubaga plasitike, kuvura inkongi y'umuriro ikabije, serivisi zita ku barwayi ba neonatologiya, palliative, ndetse n'ibindi bikorwa bigoye byo kuvura no kubaga.
Kwita kuri kane
Ijambo kwita kuri quaternary rimwe na rimwe rikoreshwa nko kwagura ubuvuzi bwa kaminuza mu rwego rwo hejuru rw’ubuvuzi bwihariye kandi butagerwaho cyane. Ubuvuzi bw'igeragezwa hamwe nuburyo bumwe na bumwe budasanzwe bwo gusuzuma cyangwa kubaga bifatwa nk'ubuvuzi bwa kane. Izi serivisi zitangwa gusa mu mubare muto w’ibigo nderabuzima byo mu karere cyangwa by’igihugu. [20]
Murugo no kwita kubaturage
Reba kandi: Ubuzima rusange
Ubwoko bwinshi bwubuvuzi butangwa hanze yibigo nderabuzima. Harimo ibikorwa byinshi bifasha inyungu zubuzima rusange, nko kugenzura umutekano wibiribwa, gukwirakwiza udukingirizo na gahunda yo guhana inshinge hagamijwe gukumira indwara zanduza.
Harimo kandi serivisi zinzobere mumiturire n’abaturage mu rwego rwo gushyigikira kwiyitaho, kwita ku rugo, kwita ku gihe kirekire, ubufasha bufasha, kuvura indwara ziterwa n’ibiyobyabwenge mu bundi bwoko bwa serivisi zita ku buzima n’imibereho myiza.
Serivisi ishinzwe gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe abaturage irashobora gufasha mu kugenda no kwigenga nyuma yo gutakaza ingingo cyangwa gutakaza imikorere. Ibi birashobora kubamo prothèse, orthotics, cyangwa intebe yimuga.
Kubera ko imibare yerekana ko Abanyamerika barenga miliyoni 80 bakuye igihe ku mirimo yabo y'ibanze kugira ngo bita ku muntu ukunda, [23] ibihugu byinshi byatangiye gutanga porogaramu nka Porogaramu ishinzwe ubufasha bw’umuguzi yemerera abagize umuryango kwita ku bo bakunda. imwe idatanze amafaranga yose yinjiza.
Kubera ko umubyibuho ukabije mu bana uhita uhangayikishwa cyane, serivisi z'ubuzima zikunze gushyiraho gahunda mu mashuri zigamije kwigisha abana ibijyanye no kurya indyo yuzuye, bigatuma uburezi bw’umubiri busabwa ndetse no kwigisha ingimbi n'abangavu kugira isura nziza.
Ibipimo
Ingingo nyamukuru: Ibipimo byubuzima
Ibipimo byubuzima ni amanota cyangwa isuzuma ryubuvuzi bukoreshwa mugusuzuma inzira yubuvuzi n'inzego zita ku buzima hamwe na / cyangwa ibisubizo bya serivisi z'ubuzima. Aya makuru yahinduwe mu makarita ya raporo atangwa n’imiryango ifite ireme, idaharanira inyungu, amatsinda y’abaguzi n’itangazamakuru. Iri suzuma ryubuziranenge rishingiye ku ngamba za:
ubuziranenge bwibitaro
gahunda yubuzima bwiza
ubuvuzi bwiza
ubuziranenge kubandi bashinzwe ubuzima
bw'uburambe bw'abarwayi
Inzego zijyanye
Ubuvuzi ntiburenze gutanga serivisi ku barwayi, bukubiyemo imirenge myinshi ifitanye isano, kandi bushyirwa mu ishusho nini y’imari n’inzego z’imiyoborere.
Sisitemu yubuzima
Ingingo z'ingenzi: Sisitemu yubuzima na sisitemu yubuzima byigihugu
Sisitemu yubuzima, rimwe na rimwe nanone yitwa sisitemu yubuzima cyangwa sisitemu yubuzima, ni imitunganyirize yabantu, ibigo, nubutunzi butanga serivisi zita kubuzima kubantu bakeneye ubufasha.
Inganda zita ku buzima
Reba kandi: Inganda zita ku buzima nubukungu bwubuzima
Inganda zita ku buzima zirimo imirenge myinshi igamije gutanga serivisi zita ku buzima n’ibicuruzwa. Mu rwego rw’ibanze mu gusobanura urwego, Umuryango mpuzamahanga w’umuryango w’abibumbye ushyira mu byiciro urwego rw’ubuvuzi rushyira mu bikorwa ubuvuzi nko muri rusange ibikorwa by’ibitaro, ibikorwa by’ubuvuzi n’amenyo, ndetse n’ibindi bikorwa by’ubuzima bw’abantu. Icyiciro cyanyuma kirimo ibikorwa by, cyangwa bikurikiranwa nabaforomo, ababyaza, physiotherapiste, laboratoire yubumenyi cyangwa isuzumabumenyi, amavuriro ya patologiya, ibigo nderabuzima bituye, abunganira abarwayi [24] cyangwa indi myuga ifitanye isano n’ubuzima.
Byongeye kandi, ukurikije inganda n’ibyiciro by’isoko, nkibipimo ngenderwaho by’inganda ku rwego rw’isi hamwe n’ibipimo ngenderwaho by’inganda, ubuvuzi burimo ibyiciro byinshi by’ubuvuzi, ibikoresho na serivisi birimo ibinyabuzima, laboratoire yo gusuzuma n’ibintu, gukora ibiyobyabwenge no kubitanga.
Kurugero, imiti nibindi bikoresho byubuvuzi nibyo biza ku isonga mu ikoranabuhanga ryoherezwa mu Burayi no muri Amerika.
[26] Amerika yiganje mu bijyanye n’ibinyabuzima, bingana na bitatu bya kane by’amafaranga yinjira mu ikoranabuhanga ku isi. [25] [27]
Ubushakashatsi ku buzima
Ingingo z'ingenzi: Ubushakashatsi mu by'ubuvuzi n'ubushakashatsi bw'abaforomo
Kubisobanuro byingenzi, reba siyanse yubuzima.
Ubwinshi nubwiza bwibikorwa byinshi byita ku buzima byanozwa binyuze mu bisubizo bya siyansi, nko gutera imbere binyuze mu buryo bw’ubuvuzi bw’ubuzima bwibanda ku kurandura indwara binyuze mu gusuzuma no kuvura neza. Iterambere ryinshi ryingenzi ryatewe nubushakashatsi bwubuzima, ubushakashatsi bwibinyabuzima nubushakashatsi bwa farumasi, aribwo shingiro ryubuvuzi bushingiye ku bimenyetso hamwe n’ibikorwa bishingiye ku bimenyetso mu gutanga ubuvuzi. Ubushakashatsi bwita ku buzima bukunze guhura n’abarwayi, kandi nkibibazo nkibi abo bagomba kwishora hamwe nuburyo bwo kubana nabo biba ngombwa kubitekerezaho mugihe ushaka kubishyira mubikorwa. Nubwo imyitozo imwe myiza itabaho, ibisubizo by'isuzuma rifatika ku bijyanye no gusezerana kw'abarwayi byerekana ko uburyo bw'ubushakashatsi bwo guhitamo abarwayi bugomba kubarwa ku kuba abarwayi bahari ndetse n'ubushake bwo kwishora.
Amafaranga yo kwivuza
Reba kandi: Sisitemu yubuzima, politiki yubuzima, hamwe nubuvuzi rusange
Reba cyangwa uhindure amakuru yinkomoko.
Amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu buzima yose ni agace ka GDP.
Muri rusange hari uburyo butanu bwibanze bwo gutera inkunga sisitemu yubuzima: [32]
Umusoro rusange kuri leta, intara cyangwa komine
Ubwishingizi bw'ubuzima
Ubwishingizi bw'ubuzima ku bushake cyangwa bwigenga
Kwishura hanze
Impano ku miryango nterankunga
Mu bihugu byinshi, hariho imvange yuburyo butanu, ariko ibi biratandukana mubihugu ndetse nigihe kinini mubihugu. Usibye uburyo bwo gutera inkunga, ikibazo cyingenzi kigomba guhora ari amafaranga yo kwivuza. Mu ntumbero yo kugereranya, ibi bikunze kugaragazwa nkijanisha rya GDP ryakoreshejwe mubuvuzi. Mu bihugu bya OECD kuri buri $ $ 1000 yakoreshejwe mu kwivuza, icyizere cyo kubaho kigabanuka ku myaka 0.4. Isano nk'iryo igaragara mu isesengura ryakozwe buri mwaka na Bloomberg. Ikigaragara ni uko ubu bwoko bw'isesengura bufite amakosa kubera ko igihe cyo kubaho ari igipimo kimwe gusa cy'imikorere ya sisitemu y'ubuzima, ariko kimwe, igitekerezo cy'uko inkunga nyinshi ari nziza ntabwo gishyigikiwe.
Mu mwaka wa 2011, inganda zita ku buzima zatwaye impuzandengo ya 9.3 ku ijana bya GDP cyangwa US $ 3,322 (PPP-yahinduwe) kuri buri muntu mu bihugu 34 bigize ibihugu bya OECD. Amerika (17.7%, cyangwa US $ PPP 8,508), Ubuholandi (11.9%, 5.099), Ubufaransa (11,6%, 4.118), Ubudage (11.3%, 4.495), Kanada (11.2%, 5669), n'Ubusuwisi (11) %, 5,634) ni bo bakoresheje amafaranga menshi, icyakora icyizere cyo kubaho mu baturage bose bavutse cyari kinini mu Busuwisi (imyaka 82.8), Ubuyapani n'Ubutaliyani (82.7), Espagne na Isilande (82.4), Ubufaransa (82.2) na Ositaraliya (82.0), mugihe impuzandengo ya OECD irenga imyaka 80 kunshuro yambere muri 2011: imyaka 80.1, inyungu yimyaka 10 kuva 1970. Amerika (imyaka 78.7) iri kumwanya wa 26 gusa mubihugu 34 bigize OECD, ariko ifite ibiciro byinshi kugeza ubu . Ibihugu byose bya OECD byageze ku buzima rusange (cyangwa hafi ya byose), usibye Amerika na Mexico. [35] (reba no kugereranya mpuzamahanga.)
Muri Amerika, aho hafi 18% bya GDP bikoreshwa mu kwivuza, [34] Isesengura ry’ikigega cya Commonwealth cy’imikoreshereze n’ubuziranenge ryerekana isano iri hagati y’imiterere mibi n’ikoreshwa ryinshi.
Ubuyobozi n'amabwiriza
Ubuyobozi nubuyobozi bwubuvuzi nibyingenzi mugutanga serivisi zubuzima. By'umwihariko, imikorere y’inzobere mu buzima n’imikorere y’ibigo nderabuzima ubusanzwe bigengwa n’ubuyobozi bw’igihugu cyangwa leta / intara binyuze mu nzego zibishinzwe zibishinzwe hagamijwe kwizeza ubuziranenge. Ibihugu byinshi bifite abakozi bafite ibyemezo mu nama ngenzuramikorere cyangwa mu ishami ry’ubuzima bandika ibyemezo cyangwa impushya z’abakozi b’ubuzima n’amateka y’akazi.
Andi makuru: Ikoranabuhanga ryamakuru yubuzima, gucunga amakuru yubuzima, informatics yubuzima, eUbuzima, nikoranabuhanga ryubuzima
Ikoranabuhanga ryamakuru yubuzima (HIT) ni "ikoreshwa ryogutunganya amakuru arimo ibyuma bya mudasobwa hamwe na software ikora mububiko, kugarura al, gusangira, no gukoresha amakuru yita ku buzima, amakuru, n'ubumenyi mu itumanaho no gufata ibyemezo. "[40]
Ubuzima bwa elegitoroniki (EHR) - EHR ikubiyemo amateka y’ubuvuzi yuzuye y’umurwayi, kandi irashobora gushiramo inyandiko z’abatanga serivisi nyinshi.
Ubuvuzi bwa elegitoroniki (EMR) - EMR ikubiyemo amakuru asanzwe y’ubuvuzi n’ubuvuzi yakusanyirijwe mu biro by’umuntu utanga serivisi.
Ubuzima Bwihariye (PHR) - PHR ni amateka y’ubuvuzi bw’umurwayi abikwa wenyine, kugira ngo akoreshwe ku giti cye.
Porogaramu yubuvuzi yubuvuzi (MPM) - yashizweho kugirango yorohereze imirimo ya buri munsi yo gukora ikigo nderabuzima. Azwi kandi nka progaramu yo gucunga imyitozo cyangwa sisitemu yo kuyobora imyitozo (PMS).
Guhana amakuru ku buzima (HIE) - Guhana amakuru ku buzima bituma inzobere mu buvuzi n’abarwayi bashobora kubona neza kandi bagasangira neza amakuru y’ingenzi y’ubuvuzi y’umurwayi hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga.
Jamil Kasirye
Jamil Kasirye (wavutse 1954) ni umunyezamu mu mupira w'amaguru uri mu kiruhuko cyizabukuru wakiniye Uganda mu gikombe cy’ibihugu by’Afurika muri 1978.
Umwuga
Yavukiye i Kasubi mu nkengero za Kampala, Kasirye yakinnye umupira w'amaguru muri Lint FC, Kampala City Council FC, SC Villa na Bank of Uganda FC. Yatsindiye ibikombe bibiri bya shampiyona y'icyiciro cya mbere muri Uganda hamwe na Villa, yegukana igikombe cya Uganda inshuro eshatu kabiri na KCC rimwe na Villa, anayobora ikipe ya Villa yageze muri kimwe cya kane kirangiza mu gikombe cya Afurika cyo muri 1983.
Kasirye yagiye agaragara inshuro nyinshi mu rubyiruko rwa Uganda ndetse n'amakipe akomeye y'igihugu. Umukino we wa nyuma yatsinzwe na Zambiya ibitego 0-3 muri Nyakanga muri 1984.
Reba
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Uganda
Fatima wfc
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Siporo Ikiciro:Ikipe ya bagore
Imihindagurikire y’ibihe mu Rwanda
thumb|Imihindagurikire y’ibihe Imihindagurikire y’ibihe bivuga ihinduka rirambye ry’ubushyuhe n’imiterere y’ikirere. Ihindagurika rishobora kuba karemano, nko muburyo butandukanye bwizuba. Ariko guhera mu myaka ya 1800, ibikorwa byabantu nibyo byabaye intandaro y’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, ahanini kubera gutwika ibicanwa nka makara, peteroli na gaze.
Impamvu y'Imihindagurikire y'Ibihe
Siyanse yemeje ko ibikorwa byabantu byongereye imyuka ya parike mu kirere. Urugero, gutwika ibicanwa biva mu bwikorezi, gutema amashyamba, gutwika amakara, peteroli cyangwa gaze mu kubyara amashanyarazi, amatungo magufi, ibikorwa byubuhinzi nko gukoresha cyane ifumbire mvaruganda, nibindi. Uku kwiyongera kwa gaze ya parike byatumye ubushyuhe bwiyongera ku isi, ari nabwo butera imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Nigute ibikorwa byabantu byateye ubushyuhe bwisi?
Ibikorwa by'iterambere byakomeje kwiyongera kuva impinduramatwara mu nganda yatangiraga mu mwaka wa 1870. Inganda zakoresheje ibicanwa bitandukanye, birimo amakara, gaze, n’ibikomoka kuri peteroli, byose bisohora gaze ya parike. Ibi bimaze igihe kinini mbere yuko abantu bakanguka ngo bibagiraho ingaruka. Byongeye kandi, kubera ubwinshi bwimijyi, ubwubatsi, guteka, nibindi, amashyamba yaraciwe, kandi nyamara ashobora gukuraho dioxyde de carbone (CO2) mukirere. Iyo amashyamba yangiritse, dioxyde de carbone isohoka mu kirere, kandi ibyo byatumye imyuka myinshi ya karuboni ihumanya.
Tubwirwa n'iki ko abantu bafite uruhare mu bushyuhe bw'isi?
Abahanga bakoze ubushakashatsi ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere kugira ngo basobanukirwe n’ibintu bishobora gutera umubumbe gushyuha cyangwa gukonja. Ibinini ni impinduka zingufu zizuba, kuzenguruka inyanja, ibikorwa byibirunga, nubunini bwa gaze ya parike mukirere kandi buriwese yabigizemo uruhare mugihe kimwe.
Mu kugerageza kumenya icyateye imihindagurikire y’ikirere muri iki gihe, abahanga barebye ibyo bintu byose. Ibice bitatu bya mbere byagiye bitandukana gato mu binyejana byashize kandi birashoboka ko byagize ingaruka nke ku kirere, cyane cyane mbere ya 1950. Ariko, ntibashobora kubara ubushyuhe bwiyongera kumubumbe iyo bwihuse cyane cyane mugice cya kabiri cyikinyejana cya 20, mugihe izuba ryagabanutse mubyukuri kandi kuruka kwikirunga byagize ingaruka zikonje.
Ubwo bushyuhe busobanurwa neza no kuzamuka kwa gaze ya parike. Imyuka ya parike igira ingaruka zikomeye ku kirere. Byongeye kandi, kuva Impinduramatwara mu inganda, abantu bagiye bongera byinshi muri byo mu kirere, cyane cyane mu gucukura no gutwika ibicanwa biva mu kirere nk’amakara, peteroli, na gaze bisohora karuboni ya dioxyde.
Iyongera ryihuse rya gaze ya parike yatumye ikirere gishyuha bitunguranye. Mubyukuri, imiterere yikirere yerekana ko ubushyuhe bwa parike bushobora gusobanura hafi y’imihindagurikire y’ubushyuhe kuva mu 1950. Ibi byemejwe n’akanama mpuzamahanga k’imihindagurikire y’ibihe (IPCC) kuri raporo yacyo ya mbere y’isuzuma.
Ikiciro:Imihindagurikire y’ibihe mu Rwanda
Ishami rymuryango wabibumbye rishinzwe abana
UNICEF (/ / [3] Iki kigo kiri mu miryango ikwirakwizwa kandi izwi cyane ku mibereho myiza y'abaturage ku isi, ikaba ihari mu bihugu n'intara 192. Ibikorwa bya UNICEF birimo gutanga inkingo no kwirinda indwara, gutanga ubuvuzi ku bana na ba nyina banduye virusi itera sida, kongera imirire y’abana n’ababyeyi, guteza imbere isuku, guteza imbere uburezi, no gutanga ubutabazi bwihuse mu guhangana n’ibiza. [5]
Ikigega cy’umuryango w’abibumbye
Amagambo ahinnye
UNICEF
Andika
Ikigega
Dissociative identity disorder (DID)
thumb|Dissociative identity disorder Dissociative identity disorder (DID)' izwi nka disikuru nyinshi (MPD), kandi abantu benshi bavuga ko ari indwara itandukanijwe, ni indwara yo mu mutwe irangwa no kubungabunga byibuze imiterere ibiri itandukanye kandi ihoraho. Akajagari kajyanye no kubura kwibuka cyane kurenza uko byasobanurwa no kwibagirwa bisanzwe. Imiterere ivuga ubundi buryo bwerekana mumyitwarire yumuntu ariko, kwerekana imvururu biratandukanye. Ibindi bintu bikunze kugaragara ku bantu barwaye DID harimo ihungabana ry’ihungabana nyuma y’ihungabana, ihungabana ry'umuntu (cyane cyane imipaka no kwirinda ), kwiheba, gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge, indwara yo guhindura ibintu, indwara ziterwa na somatike, kurya nabi, kurya nabi, guhungabana, no kubura ibitotsi. Kwikomeretsa, gufatwa na epileptic, flashback hamwe na amnesia kubintu bikubiyemo flashback, guhungabana, no kwiyahura nabyo birasanzwe.
Ishami rymuryango wabibumbye rishinzwe abana
Ubuzimagatozi
Gikora 11 Ukuboza 1946; Imyaka 76 irashize (nk’umuryango w’abibumbye mpuzamahanga yihutirwa y’abana)
Dissociative identity disorder (DID)
Incamake
Ibice bitatu bikurikira bikurikira biratanga incamake muncamake yimpamvu yatanzwe yo guhungabanya indangamuntu (DID) nuburyo yamenyekanye; ubuvuzi busanzwe bwa DID, nuburyo bukunze kubaho; hanyuma amaherezo uko byumvikana mumico yuburengerazuba. Ingingo zose zifatwa muburyo burambuye mubice bikurikira.
Ishami rymuryango wabibumbye rishinzwe abana
Icyicaro gikuru
Dissociative identity disorder (DID)
Kuvura na epidemiologiya
thumb|personality awareness symbol Ubuvuzi muri rusange burimo ubuvuzi bufasha hamwe na psychotherapi. Ubusanzwe indwara ikomeza kutavurwa. Bikekwa ko bigira ingaruka ku 1.5% by'abaturage muri rusange (hashingiwe ku cyitegererezo gito cy'abaturage bo muri Amerika) na 3% by'abinjira mu bitaro bafite ibibazo byo mu mutwe mu Burayi no muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru. DID isuzumwa inshuro zigera kuri esheshatu kubagore kurusha abagabo. Umubare w'imanza zanditswe wiyongereye cyane mu gice cya nyuma cy'ikinyejana cya 20, hamwe n'umubare w'indangamuntu zavuzwe n'abagize ingaruka.
Ishami rymuryango wabibumbye rishinzwe abana
Umujyi wa New York, New York, Amerika
Abubakar Kasule
Abubakar Muhammad Kasule uzwi cyane ku izina rya Abubakar Kasule ni umukinnyi ukina umupira w'amaguru muri Uganda ukinira ikipe ya Express FC yo muri shampiyona ya uganda.
Dissociative identity disorder (DID)
Sosiyete n'umuco
DID ntivugwaho rumwe murwego rwubuvuzi bwo mu mutwe ndetse n’amategeko. Ibirego bya DID byakoreshejwe gake cyane kugirango impaka zasaze mu rukiko. Ntibisobanutse niba ubwiyongere bw’ibipimo by’ihungabana biterwa no kumenyekana neza cyangwa ibintu by’umuco nk’ibitangazamakuru rusange. Ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso mubice bitandukanye byisi birashobora kandi gutandukana bitewe numuco, urugero guhindura indangamuntu zifata uburyo bwo gutunga imyuka, imana, abazimu, cyangwa imibare yimigani mumico aho usanga ibihugu bitunze bisanzwe. Gutunga uburyo bwo gutandukanya indangamuntu ntibishaka kandi birababaje kandi bibaho muburyo bunyuranyije n’umuco cyangwa idini.
Ishami rymuryango wabibumbye rishinzwe abana
Catherine M. Russell
Kalisa Francois
Kalisa Francois yabaye umutoza wa Kirehe FC na Gasogi United.
Ishami rymuryango wabibumbye rishinzwe abana
Ishirahamwe ryababyeyi
Inteko rusange y’umuryango w’abibumbye
Inama y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe ubukungu n’imibereho myiza
Urubuga
www.unicef.org
Kayonza Distribution Company Ltd
Kayonza Distribution Company Ltd ni campanyi muri sosiyete zitunganya amavuta yo kurya. ni ishoramari ndetse rituma n’abandi bashishikarira gushora imari yabo mu itunganywa ry’amavuta kuko inganda zisanzwe ziyatunganya mu Rwanda zidahaza isoko ryaho.
Kalisa Francois
AMASHAKIRO
Ikiciro:Rwanda Ikiciro:Abatoza ba Ruhago
Kayonza Distribution Company Ltd
Umusaruro
Kayonza Distribution Company Ltd ni ishoramari ry’iyi sosiyete mu itunganywa ry’amavuta yo gutekesha, aho ruherereye mu karere ka kayonza, aho ruzagabanya amafaranga i gihugu rutanga mu kuyatumiza kuko urwo ruganda ruzajya rutunganya toni 100.000 z’amavuta ku munsi.
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo
Ishami rymuryango wabibumbye rishinzwe abana
UNICEF ni we wasimbuye ikigega mpuzamahanga cy’umuryango w’abibumbye cyihutirwa cy’abana, cyashinzwe ku ya 11 Ukuboza 1946, i New York, n’ikigo cy’umuryango w’abibumbye gishinzwe gutabara ababana n’ubutabazi kugira ngo gitange ubutabazi bwihuse ku bana na ba nyina bahuye n’intambara ya kabiri y'isi yose. Muri uwo mwaka, Inteko rusange y’umuryango w’abibumbye yashyizeho UNICEF mu rwego rwo kurushaho gushyira mu bikorwa ibikorwa by’ubutabazi nyuma y’intambara. Mu 1950, inshingano zayo zongerewe kugira ngo gikemure ibibazo by'igihe kirekire abana n'abagore bakeneye cyane cyane mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere. Mu 1953, iryo shyirahamwe ryabaye igice gihoraho cya gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye, hanyuma izina ryaryo rihinduka uko ryifashe ubu, nubwo rigumana amagambo ahinnye. [1]
UNICEF ishingiye cyane ku misanzu ku bushake itangwa na guverinoma n'abaterankunga bigenga. Amafaranga yinjije yose kugeza muri 2020 yari miliyari 7.2 z'amadolari; muri bo abafatanyabikorwa mu nzego za Leta batanze miliyari 5.45 z'amadolari. Igengwa ninama nyobozi igizwe nabanyamuryango 36 ishyiraho politiki, yemeza gahunda, ikanagenzura gahunda zubutegetsi n’imari. Inama y'ubutegetsi igizwe n'abahagarariye guverinoma batowe n'akanama k'umuryango w'abibumbye gashinzwe ubukungu n'imibereho myiza y'abaturage, ubusanzwe manda y'imyaka itatu.
Gahunda za UNICEF zishimangira guteza imbere serivisi z’abaturage mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ubuzima n’imibereho myiza y’abana. Ibyinshi mubikorwa byayo biri murwego, hamwe numuyoboro urimo ibiro byigihugu 150, icyicaro gikuru nibindi bigo, hamwe na "komite zigihugu" 34 zisohoza inshingano zazo binyuze muri gahunda zateguwe na guverinoma zibakira. Ibiro birindwi byo mu karere bitanga ubufasha bwa tekiniki ku biro by’igihugu mu gihe bikenewe, mu gihe ishami ryabyo ritanga amasoko - rifite icyicaro mu mijyi ya Copenhagen na New York - rifasha gutanga miliyari zisaga 3 z’amadolari y’imfashanyo na serivisi zikomeye.
Ibendera rya UNICEF
Muri 2018, UNICEF yafashije mu kuvuka kw'abana miliyoni 27, itanga inkingo za pentavalent ku bana bagera kuri miliyoni 65.5, itanga uburezi ku bana miliyoni 12, ivura abana miliyoni enye bafite imirire mibi ikabije, kandi isubiza ibibazo 285 byihutirwa by’ubutabazi mu bihugu 90. 9] UNICEF yahawe igihembo kubera ibikorwa byayo, harimo igihembo cy’amahoro cyitiriwe Nobel mu 1965, igihembo cya Indira Gandhi mu 1989 ndetse n’igihembo cy’umwamikazi wa Asturias mu 2006. Mu cyorezo cya COVID-19 2020, UNICEF, hamwe n’umuryango w’ubuzima ku isi n’ibindi bigo. , yatangajwe ubuyobozi bujyanye no kurera neza.
Amateka
Hindura
Kurema
Nko muri Nzeri 1943, inzobere mu buzima bwo muri Polonye, Ludwik Rajchman, yatanze igitekerezo mu kiganiro cyasohotse mu Isi Yigenga cyitwa "Ishami ry’ubuzima ry’umuryango w’abibumbye - Kuki bitabaye?" ko serivisi yubuzima igomba kwinjizwa mumuryango mpuzamahanga uzaza. Yasabye kandi "umusoro w’ubuzima" wishyurwa n’ibihugu bigize uyu muryango.
UNRRA irangiye, Rajchman yasabye gukoresha amafaranga asigaranye muri gahunda yo kugaburira abana bahabwa inkunga na Amerika. Uyu muryango washyizweho n’icyemezo cya 57 (I) cy’Inteko rusange y’umuryango w’abibumbye ku ya 11 Ukuboza 1946, cyita Ikigega mpuzamahanga cy’umuryango w’abibumbye cyita ku bana (UNICEF). Rajchman nk'umuyobozi wacyo wa mbere, yahisemo Maurice Pate wa komisiyo ishinzwe ubutabazi mu Bubiligi kuyobora iki kigo no "gutekereza ku gutegura igikorwa, ikigega kigamije inyungu z’abana, abahohotewe n’intambara." [12] Rajchman, nk'umuyobozi komite idasanzwe y’umuryango w’abibumbye kandi ku nkunga ya La Guardia, Herbert Hoover na Maurice Pate, bashyikirije inteko rusange umwanzuro. Kuva mu kigo cy’ubutabazi cy’agateganyo mu 1946 gitanga ibiryo n’imyambaro ku bana na ba nyina bavanywe mu byabo n’Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, iki kigo cyabaye Umuryango w’abibumbye uhoraho mu 1953, [12] kandi gishyira ingufu muri gahunda rusange z’imibereho myiza y’abana.
Imiyoborere
Ihema ryita kuri UNICEF muri Sudani
UNICEF yishingikirije ku biro by’igihugu kugira ngo ifashe mu bikorwa byayo binyuze muri gahunda idasanzwe y’ubufatanye yatejwe imbere na guverinoma yakiriye. Porogaramu ishaka gutegura ingamba zifatika zo kuzuza no kurengera uburenganzira bw'abana n'abagore. Ibiro by'akarere biyobora iki gikorwa kandi bitanga ubufasha bwa tekiniki kubiro byigihugu mugihe bikenewe. Muri rusange imiyoborere nubuyobozi bwumuryango bibera ku cyicaro cyayo mu mujyi wa New York.
Kuyobora no gukurikirana imirimo yose ya UNICEF ni inama nyobozi igizwe n’abanyamuryango 36 bahagarariye leta. Inama y'Ubutegetsi ishyiraho politiki, yemeza gahunda kandi igena gahunda z’ubuyobozi n’imari n’ingengo y’imari. Ibikorwa byayo bihuzwa na biro, bigizwe na perezida na ba visi-perezida bane, buri mu ofisiye uhagarariye imwe mu matsinda atanu yo mu karere. Aba ofisiye batanu batorwa ninama nyobozi buri mwaka mubanyamuryango bayo, perezida akazunguruka mumatsinda yakarere buri mwaka. Nkibisanzwe, abanyamuryango bahoraho bagize akanama gashinzwe umutekano ntibakora nkabayobozi bayobora.
Ibiro by’umunyamabanga w’inama nyobozi bifasha gukomeza umubano mwiza hagati yubuyobozi bukuru n’ubunyamabanga bwa UNICEF, kandi butegura gusurwa n’abagize inama.
Ishuri rya UNICEF mu isanduku ririmo ibintu by’ibanze byigisha umwarimu umwe n’abanyeshuri 40.
Ibiro by'akarere ka UNICEF
Ibihugu bikurikira niho hari ibiro by’akarere ka UNICEF.
Ibiro by'akarere ka Amerika na Karayibe, Umujyi wa Panama, Panama
Ibiro by'akarere ka Burayi na Aziya yo hagati, Geneve, Ubusuwisi
Aziya y'Uburasirazuba n'ibiro by'akarere ka pasifika, Bangkok, Tayilande
Ibiro by'akarere ka Afurika y'Iburasirazuba n'Amajyepfo, Nairobi, Kenya
Aziya yepfo, Kathmandu, Nepal
Ibiro by'akarere ka Afurika y'Iburengerazuba no Hagati, Senegali
Komite z'igihugu za UNICEF
Reba kandi: Urutonde rwa komite zigihugu za UNICEF
Hariho komite zigihugu mubihugu 34, buriwese washyizweho nkumuryango wigenga utegamiye kuri leta. Inshingano yabo y'ibanze ni ugukusanya inkunga mu bikorera, kubera ko UNICEF ishingiye ahanini ku misanzu ku bushake. Komite z’igihugu zishyize hamwe zigera kuri kimwe cya gatatu cy’amafaranga yinjira mu kigo buri mwaka, harimo n’amasosiyete, imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta, abaterankunga bagera kuri miliyoni esheshatu ku isi.