cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Umukororombya
Umukororombya uzenguruka ntugomba kwitiranwa nicyubahiro, ni gito cyane mumurambararo kandi cyakozwe nuburyo butandukanye bwa optique. Mugihe gikwiye, icyubahiro numukororombya (umuzenguruko) cyangwa umuheto wibicu birashobora kugaragara hamwe. Ikindi kintu cyo mu kirere gishobora kwibeshya ngo "umukororombya uzenguruka" ni halo 22 °, iterwa na kirisiti ya barafu aho kuba ibitonyanga by'amazi, kandi ikaba ikikije izuba (cyangwa ukwezi), ntabwo bihabanye.
Umukororombya ndengakamere
Ifoto nini cyane ifoto yumukororombya hamwe nandi matsinda ndengakamere imbere yumuheto wibanze
Mubihe bimwe, imirongo imwe cyangwa myinshi ifunganye, ibara ryoroshye rishobora kugaragara rihana imbibi zumukororombya; ni ukuvuga, imbere umuheto wibanze cyangwa, gake cyane, hanze ya kabiri. Iyi bande yinyongera yitwa umukororombya ndengakamere cyangwa bande ndengakamere; hamwe n'umukororombya ubwawo phenomenon nayo izwi nkumukororombya wa stacker. Imiheto ndengakamere itandukanijwe gato n'umuheto mukuru, igenda ihindagurika buhoro buhoro hamwe n'intera yayo, kandi ifite amabara ya pastel (agizwe ahanini n'umuhondo, ibara ry'umuyugubwe n'icyatsi kibisi) aho kuba imiterere isanzwe. Ingaruka igaragara iyo ibitonyanga byamazi are uruhare rufite diameter ya mm 1 cyangwa munsi yayo; ntoya ibitonyanga ni bito, nini nini ya bande ndengakamere iba nini, kandi amabara yabo ntiyuzura. Bitewe n'inkomoko yabyo mu bitonyanga bito, imirwi ndengakamere ikunda kugaragara cyane mu gihu.
Umukororombya Werekanwe, umukororombya ugaragaza
Kugaragaza umukororombya (hejuru) n'umukororombya usanzwe (hepfo) izuba rirenze
Iyo umukororombya ugaragara hejuru yumubiri wamazi, imiheto ibiri yuzuzanya irashobora kugaragara munsi no hejuru ya horizon, ikomoka kumihanda itandukanye. Amazina yabo aratandukanye gato.
Umukororombya ugaragara urashobora kugaragara hejuru y'amazi munsi ya horizon. Imirasire y'izuba ibanza guhindurwa nigitonyanga cyimvura, hanyuma ikagaragarira mumubiri wamazi, mbere yo kugera kubarebera. Umukororombya ugaragara ukunze kugaragara, byibuze igice, ndetse no mu byuzi bito.
Imiheto igera ku munani itandukanye irashobora gutandukanywa niba umukororombya wigaragajwe kandi ukagaragaza bibera icyarimwe: Ubusanzwe (butagaragaza) umuheto wibanze nuwa kabiri hejuru ya horizon (1, 2) hamwe na bagenzi babo bagaragara munsi yacyo (3, 4), no kugaragariza umuheto wibanze nuwa kabiri hejuru ya horizon (5, 6) hamwe na bagenzi babo bagaragara munsi yacyo (7, 8). [42] [43]
Umukororombya wa Monochrome
Ingingo nyamukuru: Umukororombya wa Monochrome
Ifoto idahwitse yumukororombya utukura (monochrome)
Umukororombya wohejuru
Usibye umukororombya rusange wibanze nuwakabiri, birashoboka kandi umukororombya wurwego rwo hejuru gushiraho. Itondekanya ry'umukororombya ugenwa n'umubare w'urumuri rwerekana imbere mu bitonyanga by'amazi birema: Imitekerereze imwe itanga igisubizo cya mbere cyangwa umukororombya wibanze; ibitekerezo bibiri birema urwego rwa kabiri cyangwa umukororombya wa kabiri. Ibitekerezo byinshi byimbere bitera umuheto wurwego rwo hejuru - mubyukuri bitagira iherezo. Nkuko urumuri rwinshi rwatakaye hamwe na buri kintu cyerekana imbere, icyakora, buri muheto ukurikiraho ugenda uhinduka buhoro buhoro bityo bikagorana kubibona. Iyindi mbogamizi mu kwitegereza umukororombya wa gatatu (cyangwa wa gatatu) nuwa kane (quaternary) umukororombya ni aho uherereye werekeza ku zuba (hafi 40 ° na 45 ° biturutse ku zuba), bigatuma barohama. urumuri rwarwo.
Kubera izo mpamvu, mubisanzwe umukororombya ugaragara kurutonde ruri hejuru ya 2 ntibikunze kugaragara kumaso. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, harabonetse iyerekwa ry'umuheto wo mu cyiciro cya gatatu muri kamere, kandi mu 2011 ryarafotowe ku nshuro ya mbere. [47] Nyuma gato, umukororombya wo mu cyiciro cya kane nawo wafotowe, [49] [50] naho muri 2014 hasohoka amashusho yambere yumukororombya wa gatanu (cyangwa quinary). Umukororombya wa Quinary uryamye mubice hagati yumukororombya wibanze nuwakabiri kandi uracogora cyane kuruta uwakabiri. Mugihe cya laboratoire, birashoboka gukora imiheto yibicuruzwa byinshi. Felix Billet (1808–1882) yerekanaga imyanya y'inguni kugeza umukororombya wo ku murongo wa 19, icyitegererezo yise "roza y'umukororombya".
2] [53] Kugera kuri 200-umukororombya watanzwe na Ng et al. mu 1998 ukoresheje uburyo busa ariko argon ion laser beam. [55]
Umukororombya munsi y'izuba
Ingingo nyamukuru: Ukwezi
Kimwe nibintu byinshi byo mu kirere optique, umukororombya urashobora guterwa numucyo uturuka ku zuba, ariko nanone ukomoka ku Kwezi. Mugihe cyanyuma, umukororombya uvugwa nkumukororombya ukwezi cyangwa ukwezi. Ntibisanzwe kandi ntibisanzwe kurusha umukororombya wizuba, bisaba ko ukwezi kuba hafi-yuzuye kugirango babone. Kubwimpamvu imwe, ukwezi kwakunze gufatwa nkumweru kandi birashobora gutekerezwa nka monochrome. Ikirangantego cyuzuye kirahari, ariko, ariko ijisho ryumuntu ntirisanzwe ryumva bihagije kugirango ribone amabara. Amafoto maremare yerekanwe rimwe na rimwe azerekana ibara muri ubu bwoko bw'umukororombya.
Igicu
Ingingo nyamukuru: Umuheto
Igicu n'icyubahiro.
Ibicu bikora muburyo bumwe nkumukororombya, ariko bigizwe nigicu gito cyane nigitonyanga cyibicu bitandukanya urumuri cyane. Hafi yumweru ifite umutuku ucyeye hanze nubururu imbere; akenshi imirongo imwe cyangwa myinshi yagutse ndengakamere irashobora gutahurwa imbere yimbere. Amabara arijimye kuko umuheto muri buri bara ni mugari cyane kandi amabara aruzuzanya. Ibicu bikunze kugaragara hejuru y'amazi iyo umwuka uhuye namazi akonje akonje, ariko urashobora kuboneka ahantu hose mugihe igihu ari gito kuburyo izuba ryaka kandi izuba rikaba ryaka cyane. Ninini cyane - hafi nini nkumukororombya kandi mugari cyane. Rimwe na rimwe bagaragara bafite icyubahiro hagati y'umuheto.
Imiheto y'ibihu ntigomba kwitiranwa na halos ya ice, ikunze kugaragara kwisi yose kandi igaragara cyane kuruta umukororombya (uko byagenda kose), [58] nyamara ntaho bihuriye numukororombya.
Urubura rwa Monochrome rwafashwe mu gitondo cya kare ku ya 7 Mutarama 2016 i Valparaiso, muri Leta ya Indiana.
Igituba kimeze nk'umukororombya usanzwe, usibye ko bibaho iyo urumuri runyuze mu rubura rugwa (ice pellets) aho kuba amazi meza. Iyo urumuri runyuze mu rubura, urumuri rwanze bigatuma ibintu bidasanzwe. Izi nyandiko zanditswe muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika hamwe n’igitambaro cya mbere cyanditswe ku mugaragaro kandi gifotorwa kiboneka i Richmond, muri Virijiniya ku ya 21 Ukuboza 2012. [59] Kimwe n'umukororombya usanzwe, ibi birashobora kandi kuza muburyo butandukanye, hamwe nigituba cya monochrome cyanditswe ku ya 7 Mutarama 2016 i Valparaiso, muri Leta ya Indiana.
Kuzenguruka no kuzenguruka arcs
Umuzenguruko arc (hepfo), munsi ya halo yazengurutse
Inzira ya circzenithal na circhorizontal nibintu bibiri bifitanye isano na optique isa nkaho isa n'umukororombya, ariko bitandukanye na nyuma, inkomoko yabyo iri mu gucana urumuri binyuze muri kirisiti ya hegitari esheshatu aho gutonyanga amazi. Ibi bivuze ko atari umukororombya, ahubwo ni abagize umuryango mugari wa halos.
Impande zombi ni ibara ryamabara meza yibice byerekeranye na zenith, ariko mumwanya utandukanye mwijuru: arc ya circzenithal arc iragoramye kandi iherereye hejuru yizuba (cyangwa ukwezi) uruhande rwayo rwa convex rwerekeza hepfo (bitera igitekerezo cyo "hejuru" umukororombya "); umuzenguruko arc ikora cyane hafi ya horizon, iragororotse kandi iherereye ku ntera igaragara munsi yizuba (cyangwa Ukwezi). Impande zombi zifite uruhande rutukura rwerekeza ku zuba naho igice cyazo cya violet kikaba kure yacyo, bivuze ko arc ya circzenithal itukura hepfo, naho arc izenguruka itukura hejuru. [60] [61]
Umuzenguruko arc rimwe na rimwe uvugwa nabi "umukororombya wumuriro". Kugirango tuyirebe, izuba cyangwa ukwezi bigomba kuba byibuze 58 ° hejuru ya horizon, bigatuma biba ibintu bidasanzwe mumwanya muremure. Arc ya circzenithal, igaragara gusa hejuru yizuba cyangwa ukwezi kurwego ruri munsi ya 32 °, iramenyerewe cyane, ariko akenshi irabura kuva iboneka hafi yimbere.
Umukororombya wo hanze
Peacock
PEACOCKS cyangwa PEAFOWLS
Peacock n'izina ry'inyoni y'ingabo mu muryango w'inyoni za peafowls. hariho amoko atatu yizo nyoni za peafowls ku isi:
Umukororombya
Ingingo nyamukuru: Ikirere kidasanzwe
Peacock
PEACOCKS cyangwa PEAFOWLS
izi nyoni zo mu buhinde n'ubwoko bukunze kuboneka ku isi peacock(ingabo) zizwiho kwerekana amabara yerekana amababa n'umurizo.
Umukororombya
Byagaragaye ko umukororombya ushobora kubaho ku kwezi kwa Saturne Titan, kuko ifite ubuso butose n'ibicu bitose. Iradiyo y'umukororombya wa Titan yaba hafi 49 ° aho kuba 42 °, kubera ko amazi yo muri ibyo bidukikije akonje ari metani aho kuba amazi. Nubwo umukororombya ugaragara ushobora kuba imbonekarimwe kubera ikirere cya Titan cyijimye, umukororombya wa infragre urashobora kuba rusange, ariko indorerezi yakenera indorerwamo zijoro zitagaragara kugirango zibone.
Umukororombya hamwe nibikoresho bitandukanye
Moto z’amashanyarazi
thumb|Moto z'amashanyarazi Moto zikoresha imbara ga z'umuriro zigezweho muri kigali.
Umukororombya
Itondere rya mbere umukororombya uva mumazi (ibumoso) nigisubizo cyisukari (iburyo).
Ibitonyanga (cyangwa imirima) bigizwe nibikoresho bifite ibimenyetso bitandukanye byangiritse kuruta amazi asanzwe bitanga umukororombya ufite impande zitandukanye. Kuva samazi ya alt afite igipimo cyinshi cyo kuvunika, umuheto wo gutera mu nyanja ntushobora guhuza neza n'umukororombya usanzwe, iyo ubonetse ahantu hamwe. Utubuto duto twa plastiki cyangwa ibirahuri birashobora gukoreshwa mukumenyekanisha umuhanda nkumucyo kugirango ubashe kugaragara neza nabashoferi nijoro. Bitewe nigipimo kinini cyo kwangirika, umukororombya ugaragara kuri marble ufite radiyo ntoya bigaragara. Umuntu arashobora kubyara byoroshye ibintu nkibi akanyanyagiza amazi yibice bitandukanye byangirika mukirere, nkuko bigaragara ku ifoto.
Moto z’amashanyarazi
Ampersand
izi moto zigera kuri miliyoni eshanu ziri mu karere u rwanda ruherereyemo ndetse no muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba. Ampersand ikaba ariyo izizana kandi iﬁte icyicaro i Kigali. izi moto ziteranyirizwa mu Rwanda, zirakomeye, ziﬁte isuku kandi zigenda neza.
Umukororombya
Kwimura umukororombya kubera ibimenyetso bitandukanye byangiritse birashobora gusunikwa kumupaka wihariye. Kubikoresho bifite indangantego irenze 2, nta mfuruka yujuje ibisabwa kugirango umukororombya wambere utangire. Kurugero, indangagaciro yo kugabanuka kwa diyama ni hafi 2,4, bityo sisitemu ya diyama yatanga umukororombya guhera kumurongo wa kabiri, usibye urutonde rwa mbere. Muri rusange, nkuko indangagaciro zivunika zirenze umubare n + 1, aho n numubare usanzwe, inguni yibibazo byinshuro n inshuro zerekanwe imbere imbere ihunga domaine {\ kwerekana imiterere [0, {\ frac {\ pi} {2} }]} {\ kwerekana imiterere [0, {\ frac {\ pi} {2}}]}. Ibi bivamo umukororombya wa n-gahunda igabanuka kugera kuri antisolar point ikabura.
Moto z’amashanyarazi
IGICIRO
Moto z’amashanyarazi ziri muri Kigali kubwa Ampersand iyi compani ikorera ahantu 3 ho kuzicagingira za batiri, uyishaka akaba yaza kuyitwara, batiri imwe kuyicaginga bashyiramo umuriro bishyura amafaranga 920 yu Rwanda.
Umukororombya
Umukororombya muri Tokiyo, 2021
Moto z’amashanyarazi
AMASHAKIRO
Ikiciro:Ibidukikije
Umukororombya
Amateka yubumenyi
Intiti ya kera y’Abagereki Aristote (384–322 mbere ya Yesu) yabanje kwita cyane ku mukororombya. Nk’uko Raymond L. Lee na Alistair B. Fraser babivuze, "N'ubwo hari inenge nyinshi kandi ko yitabaza imibare ya Pythagorean, ibisobanuro byujuje ubuziranenge bwa Aristote byerekanaga ko byavumbuwe kandi bihuzagurika bitagereranywa mu binyejana byinshi. Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Aristote, inyigisho nyinshi z'umukororombya zari zigizwe no kubyitwaramo. umurimo we, nubwo ibyo byose atari byo byari binegura. "[66]
Mu gitabo cya I cya Naturales Quaestiones (nko mu mwaka wa 65 nyuma ya Yesu), umuhanga mu bya filozofiya w’Abaroma Seneca Nyamwasa avuga ku nyigisho zitandukanye zerekeye ishyirwaho ry'umukororombya cyane, harimo n'iya Arisitote. Abona ko umukororombya ugaragara buri gihe utandukanye n'izuba, ko bigaragara mu mazi yatewe n'umukinnyi, mu mazi yacishijwemo amazi yuzuye imyenda irambuye ku nkoni cyangwa n'amazi yatewe mu mwobo muto mu muyoboro waturika. Ndetse avuga umukororombya ukorwa ninkoni nto (virgulae) yikirahure, ategereje ibyabaye kuri Newton hamwe na prism. Yita ku nyigisho ebyiri: imwe, ko umukororombya ukorwa n'izuba ryerekana muri buri gitonyanga cy'amazi, ikindi, ko cyakozwe n'izuba kigaragarira mu gicu kimeze nk'indorerwamo ifatanye; atonesha aba nyuma. Yaganiriye kandi ku bindi bintu bifitanye isano n'umukororombya: "virgae" y'amayobera (inkoni), halos na parhelia. [67]
Ku bwa Hüseyin Gazi Topdemir, umuhanga mu bya fiziki w’abarabu akaba na polymath Ibin al-Haytham (Alhazen; 965-1039), yagerageje gutanga ibisobanuro bya siyansi ku bijyanye n’umukororombya. Mu gitabo cye cyitwa Maqala fi al-Hala wa Qaws Quzah (Ku mukororombya na Halo), al-Haytham "yasobanuye ishyirwaho ry'umukororombya nk'ishusho, ukora ku ndorerwamo ifatanye. Niba imirasire y'umucyo ituruka ku isoko ya kure yerekana Kuri Ingingo iyo ari yo yose ku murongo w'indorerwamo ihanamye, bakora uruziga rwibanze muri iyo ngingo. Iyo bivugwa ko izuba ari isoko y’umucyo wa kure, ijisho ry'abareba nk'ikintu kiri ku murongo w'indorerwamo n'igicu nk'ubuso bugaragaza, noneho birashobora kugaragara ko uruziga rwibanze ruri kumurongo. " igeragezwa rishoboka. [68] Ibi bisobanuro byagarutsweho na Averroes, [citation yari ikenewe] kandi, nubwo atari byo, byatanze urufatiro rwibisobanuro nyabyo nyuma byatanzwe na Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī mu 1309, kandi, yigenga, na Theodoric wa Freiberg (nko mu 1250 - c. 1311).
Ibihe bya Ibin al-Haytham, umuhanga mu bya filozofiya w’Abaperesi na polimath Ibin Sīnā (Avicenna; 980-1037), yatanze ubundi busobanuro, yandika "ko umuheto utakozwe mu gicu cyijimye ahubwo ko ari mu gihu cyoroshye cyane kiri hagati y’igicu na Izuba . [71]
Mu ndirimbo y’ingoma y’Ubushinwa (960–1279), umuhanga mu bumenyi-bwa polimath witwa Shen Kuo (1031–1095) yabitekereje - nk'uko Sun Sikong (1015-1076) yabimubanjirije - ko umukororombya wakozwe n'ikintu cy'urumuri rw'izuba gihura n'ibitonyanga. y'imvura mu kirere. Paul Dong yanditse ko ibisobanuro Shen yasobanuye umukororombya nkikintu cyo kugabanuka kwikirere "ahanini bihuye nubumenyi bugezweho prabigishwa. "[73]
Umushinga w’amashanyarazi akomoka kuri Nyiramugengeri
Ugeze ku ruganda rwa nyiramugengeri kuri ubu ahasanga indundo z’igitaka cy’umukara, ari cyo nyiramugengeri, bateguye gutangira kwifashisha bakora amashanyarazi.Bituma umuntu yibaza ngo ese iki gitaka numvise ko gishobora gucanwa, gitanga amashanyarazi gute?
Umukororombya
Mu Burayi, Igitabo cya Optics cya Ibin al-Haytham cyahinduwe mu kilatini kandi cyizwe na Robert Grosseteste. Ibikorwa bye ku mucyo byakomeje na Roger Bacon, wanditse mu gitabo cye cya Opus Majus cyo mu 1268 ku bijyanye n'ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n'umucyo urabagirana muri kristu no ku bitonyanga by'amazi byerekana amabara y'umukororombya. Mubyongeyeho, Bacon niwe wambere wabaze ingano yimfuruka yumukororombya. Yavuze ko umusozi w’umukororombya udashobora kugaragara hejuru ya 42 ° hejuru yizuba. Theodoric ya Freiberg izwiho kuba yaratanze ibisobanuro nyabyo byerekana umukororombya wibanze nuwakabiri mumwaka wa 1307. Yasobanuye umukororombya wibanze, avuga ko "iyo urumuri rwizuba ruguye kumatonyanga yubushuhe, imirasire ikuramo ibice bibiri (iyo yinjiye na egress ) hamwe no gutekereza kimwe (inyuma yigitonyanga) mbere yo kwanduza ijisho ryindorerezi. "[76]
Umushinga w’amashanyarazi akomoka kuri Nyiramugengeri
Gahunda yokubaka uruganda
Rwatangiye kubakwa muri Gicurasi mu mwaka 2017 Urwo ruganda rwubatwe na Sosiyete yigenga ya Quantum Power mu gishanga cy’Akanyaru giherereye mu Murenge wa Mamba.Umuyobozi mukuru wari ushinzwe imirimo yo kubaka urwo ruganda, GUBBINI Dominique, yavuze ko muri Werurwe 2021 rwagombaga gutanga megawati 40 noneho nyuma muri Kamena uwo mwaka rwongere gutanga izindi megawati 40. Uwaruyoboye umushinga yanasobanuye ko mbere yo gutangira uyu mushinga bapimye bagasanga ubuso bw’igishanga bazakuraho nyiramugengeri bugera kuri hegitari ibihumbi bine na 200 (4200ha) kandi nyiramugengeri ishobora kuba igera ku bujyakuzimu bwa metero 100 (100m), n’ubwo bo ubu bari kuyicukura kugarukira kuri metero 20 (20m) z’ubujyakuzimu. Uruganda rwararangiye, hari hasigaye kurugerageza kugira ngo barebe ko ibintu byose bikora neza. Ntabwo birenga igihembwe cya mbere cyumwaka washize kurugerageza bitarangiye, kugira ngo bamenye ahakiri ikibazo ngo kibe cyakosorwa.
Umukororombya
Igishushanyo cya René Descartes cyerekana umukororombya wibanze nuwakabiri
Inkeri
thumb|Inkeri thumb|igiti Inkeri ni utubuto duto dutukura cyane, turyohera twera ku gihingwa gifite indabo z’umweru. Inkeri ziba mu bwoko bw’imbuto zifite utubuto duto cyane twinshi (muri uyu muryango izindi zizwi ni Blueberry na raspberry).
Umushinga w’amashanyarazi akomoka kuri Nyiramugengeri
Tumenye iby'uruganda rw'amashanyarazi ya Nyiramugengeri
Sosiyete y’abanyaturukiya niyo yubakaga uruganda ari yo Power Yumn Ltd, yarumvikanye na Leta y’u Rwanda ko izarwubaka ikanarubyaza amashanyarazi, hanyuma nyuma y’imyaka 26 ikarwegurira Leta.Bamwe bati “Ese nyuma y’iyo myaka 26 iyo nyiramugengeri izaba ishize burundu?” Abandi na bo bati “Ese ko kubaka ruriya ruganda bizatwara amamiriyari menshi, nyiramugengeri ishizemo mu myaka 26 buriya ntihaba hari igihombo. Umuyobozi mukuru w’uru ruganda asubiza iki kibazo agira ati “Inyigo yagaragaje ko mu gishanga cy’Akanyaru tuzacukuramo nyiramugengeri, hari ishobora kwifashishwa mu gihe cy’imyaka irenze 50. Ni ukuvuga ko ibyo kwibaza ngo bizagenda gute nishira, bizatangira kwibazwa nyuma y’imyaka 50.Umukozi wari ushinzwe guhuza umushinga wo kubaka urwo ruganda n’inzego bwite za Leta ndetse n’abaturage, Gatera yavuze ko kuva rwatangira kubakwa imibereho y’abaturage yahindutse myiza kuko abenshi bahahawe akazi ndetse begerezwa n’ibindi bikorwa remezo.Yavuze ko muri ako gace kahoze mu cyaro hari ubwigunge, kuri ubu hasigaye hasusurutse kubera umuhanda werekezayo wakozwe, ndetse n’amashanyarazi hamwe n’amazi meza byahagejejwe.
Umukororombya
Descartes '1637, Disikuru kuri Method, yarushijeho gutera imbere ibi bisobanuro. Kubera ko yari azi ko ingano y’imvura idasa nkaho igira ingaruka ku mukororombya wabonetse, yagerageje kunyuza imirasire yumucyo mu kirahure kinini cyuzuye amazi. Mu gupima inguni imirasire yagaragaye, yashoje avuga ko umuheto wibanze watewe no gutekereza imbere imbere imbere yimvura kandi ko umuheto wa kabiri ushobora guterwa no gutekereza imbere. Yashyigikiye uyu mwanzuro akomoka ku itegeko ryo kuvunika (nyuma, ariko atisunze, Snell) kandi abara neza impande zombi. Ibisobanuro bye ku mabara, ariko, yari ashingiye ku buryo bwa tekinike y’imyumvire gakondo ivuga ko amabara yakozwe no guhindura urumuri rwera. [78] [79]
Aziz Kayondo
Aziz Abdu Kayondo (wavutse ku ya 6 Ukwakira 2002) ni umukinnyi ukina umupira w'amaguru ukomoka muri Uganda ukina nka myugariro mu ikipe y'igihugu y'umupira w'amaguru ya Uganda.
Umukororombya
Isaac Newton yerekanye ko urumuri rwera rugizwe nurumuri rwamabara yose yumukororombya, prism yikirahure yashoboraga gutandukana mubice byose byamabara, yanga igitekerezo cyuko amabara yakozwe no guhindura urumuri rwera. Yagaragaje kandi ko itara ritukura ryangiritse munsi y’urumuri rwubururu, ibyo bikaba byaratumye habaho ibisobanuro bya mbere bya siyansi ku bintu nyamukuru biranga umukororombya. Igitekerezo cy’umucyo cya Newton nticyashoboye gusobanura umukororombya ndengakamere, kandi ibisobanuro bishimishije ntibyabonetse kugeza igihe Thomas Young yamenyeye ko umucyo witwara nkumuhengeri mubihe bimwe na bimwe, kandi ushobora kwivanga.
Inkeri
Uko wazitegura
Inkeri zigomba kuribwa nyuma y’igihe gito zisaruwe, rya izo ubona zitukura neza kuko iyo zitarashya neza zisharira. Ugomba kuzoza neza witonze mu mazi akonje mbere yo kuzirya, ushobora no kuzibika muri frigo.
Aziz Kayondo
Reba
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Uganda
Umukororombya
Igikorwa cya Young cyatunganijwe mu myaka ya za 1820 na George Biddell Airy, wasobanuye ko imbaraga z’amabara y’umukororombya zishingiye ku bunini bw’ibitonyanga by’amazi. Ibisobanuro bya kijyambere byerekana umukororombya bishingiye ku gutatanya kwa Mie, igitabo cyanditswe na Gustav Mie mu 1908. [82] Iterambere muburyo bwo kubara hamwe na optique ya optique ikomeje kuganisha ku gusobanukirwa neza umukororombya. Kurugero, Nussenzveig atanga incamake igezweho.
Umushinga w’amashanyarazi akomoka kuri Nyiramugengeri
Uko uruganda rw'Ashanyarazi ya Nyiramugengeri rumeze
Rwatangiye ruri kuri megawati eshanu, birazamuka bigera ku 10, ubu rugeze kuri 30. Kugeza mu mugihe kirimbere bizaba bimaze gufata ku buryo ibyo gukosora byose bizaba byarangiye.Amashanyarazi iyo avuye ku ruganda rw’i Mamba ngo anyura kuri sitasiyo ntoya ya Mamba, hanyuma akajya Rwabusoro, agakomereza i Bugesera ku kibuga cy’indege kiri kubakwa, ndetse akagera no kuri sitasiyo ntoya ya Shango, i Nduba mu Karere ka Gasabo. Amashanyarazi yoherezwa i Burundi ngo azajya aturuka kuri iyi sitasiyo ntoya ya Mamba aturutse i Kigoma, kandi biteganyijwe ko imirimo yo kuyubaka yagombaga kuba yarangiye muri Mata mu mwaka 2022. Uko rugenda rugeragezwa kandi, ni na ko rugenda rurekura amashanyarazi, ku buryo ubungubu ruri gutanga megawati 30 zifashishwa mu gihugu, kuri 80 rwiteze kuzajya rutanga, hanyuma rukohereza 70, rwo rugasigarana 10.
Inkeri
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Ibidukikije Ikiciro:Ibiti Ikiciro:Imbuto Ikiciro:Ibimera
Umukororombya
Ubushakashatsi
Umushinga w’amashanyarazi akomoka kuri Nyiramugengeri
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Ibidukikije Ikiciro:Inganda zo mu Rwanda Ikiciro:Inganda
Umukororombya
Ikigeragezo cyo hasi cya flask umukororombya werekana - Johnson 1882
Ubushakashatsi kuri phenomenon yumukororombya ukoresheje imvura yimvura, ni ukuvuga flasque yuzuye amazi, isubira byibuze kuri Theodoric ya Freiberg mukinyejana cya 14. Nyuma, na Descartes yize kuri phenomenon akoresheje flask ya Florence. Ubushakashatsi bwa flask buzwi ku izina ry'umukororombya wa Florence buracyakoreshwa muri iki gihe nk'igeragezwa ryerekana kandi ryoroshye kandi ryerekana uburyo bwo kwerekana umukororombya. [84] [85] [86] Igizwe no kumurika (hamwe n’urumuri rwera rubangikanye) flask yuzuye amazi yuzuye umwobo muri ecran. Umukororombya uza kugaragara inyuma / uteganijwe kuri ecran, mugihe ecran ari nini bihagije. Bitewe nuburebure bwurukuta rugarukira hamwe na macroscopique iranga imvura yimvura, sitandukaniro rya ubtle rirahari ugereranije nibintu bisanzwe, [87] [88] harimo umukororombya wahinduwe gato no kugabana umukororombya.
Ubushakashatsi busa cyane bugizwe no gukoresha icyombo cya silindrike cyuzuye amazi cyangwa silinderi ikomeye ibonerana kandi ikamurikirwa haba ibangikanye nuruziga (nukuvuga imirasire yumucyo isigara murwego rurerure mugihe banyuze kuri silinderi) [89] [90] cyangwa munsi Inguni Kuri Shingiro. Muri ibi bihe byanyuma, umukororombya uhinduka ugereranije nibintu bisanzwe kuva igipimo cyiza cyo kugabanya ihinduka ryamazi (indangagaciro ya Bravais yo kugabanuka kumirasire ihindagurika ikoreshwa). [87] [88]
Ubundi bushakashatsi bukoresha ibitonyanga bito bito, [53] [54] reba inyandiko hejuru.
Umuco n'imigani
Ingingo z'ingenzi: Umukororombya mu muco n'umukororombya mu migani
Reba kandi: Ibendera ry'umukororombya (LGBT)
Kwerekana umukororombya mu gitabo cy'Intangiriro
Umukororombya uboneka kenshi mumigani, kandi wakoreshejwe mubuhanzi. Igitabo cya mbere kibaye umukororombya kiri mu gitabo cy'Intangiriro igice cya 9, mu rwego rw'inkuru y'umwuzure ya Nowa, aho ari ikimenyetso cy'isezerano ry'Imana ryo kutazongera kurimbura ubuzima bwose ku isi hamwe n'umwuzure ku isi. Mu migani ya Norse, ikiraro cy'umukororombya Bifröst gihuza isi y'abantu (Midgard) n'ubwami bw'imana (Asgard). Cuchavira yari imana y'umukororombya kuri Muisca muri Kolombiya y'ubu kandi igihe imvura yagwaga kuri savanna ya Bogotá yarangiye, abantu bamushimiye ko yatanze zahabu, udusimba na zeru. Bumwe mu buryo bw'Ababuda bo muri Tibet cyangwa Dzogchen bivuga umukororombya. Ubusanzwe leprechaun yo muri Irilande yihishe inkono ye ya zahabu mubisanzwe bivugwa ko ari ku musozo wumukororombya. Aha hantu ntibishoboka kuhagera, kuko umukororombya ningaruka nziza idashobora kwegerwa. Mu migani y'Abagereki, ikigirwamana Iris ni ishusho y'umukororombya, imana y'intumwa, kimwe n'umukororombya, uhuza isi ipfa n'imana binyuze mu butumwa.
Umukororombya ugaragara mubutumwa bwiza - mubutumwa bwiza umukororombya ukwiye ugizwe n'imirongo 4 y'amabara (Cyangwa, Gules, Vert, Arijantine) impera ihagaze ku bicu. Ingero rusange mu ikoti ry'intwaro zirimo iy'imijyi ya Regen na Pfreimd, haba muri Bavariya, mu Budage; ya Bouffémont, mu Bufaransa; no mu mutwe wa 69 w'ingabo (New York) w'ingabo z’Amerika zirinda igihugu.
Ibendera ry'umukororombya ryakoreshejwe mu binyejana byinshi. Cyari ikimenyetso cy’umutwe wa Koperative mu ntambara y’abahinzi b’Abadage mu kinyejana cya 16, amahoro mu Butaliyani, n’ubwibone bw’abahuje ibitsina ndetse n’imibereho ya LGBT kuva mu myaka ya za 70. Mu 1994, Arkiyepiskopi Desmond Tutu na Perezida Nelson Mandela bavuze ko Afurika y'Epfo ishingiye kuri demokarasi nyuma ya apartheid ari igihugu cy'umukororombya. Umukororombya wakoreshejwe kandi mubirango byibicuruzwa byikoranabuhanga, harimo ikirango cya mudasobwa ya Apple. Ihuriro ryinshi rya politiki rishingiye ku mashyaka menshi ya politiki biyise "Ihuriro ry'umukororombya".
Kwerekana umukororombya byafashwe nka kirazira mu mico myinshi.
Muri Arabiya Sawudite (no mu bindi bihugu bimwe na bimwe), abayobozi bafashe imyenda y'abana b'umukororombya n'ibikinisho (nk'ingofero, imisatsi, n'amakaramu, ntabwo ari amabendera gusa)
kanda aha ukurikirane aho byaturuts
Zaba Missed Call
Niyonkuru Clinton ni umunyarwenya uzwi kw'izina rya Zaba Missed call.
Amateka
Niyonkuru Clinton uzwi kw'izina rya Zaba Missed call ni umunyarwenya, akaba asetsa abantu binyuze mu ma filime zisetsa cyane cyane kuri Afrimax.
Indian hause crow
HAUSE CROW
Igikona cyo munzu kizwi kw'iza ry'abahinde Cleyon colombo afashijwe no kohereza, thumb thumb ari hagati ya jadaw igikona cya karrion cya cm40 mubunini mu burebure akaba ari 16.
Uruhanga ikamba umuhogo n'amabere, umurizo n'amaguru birirabura.
Taxenomy
Ubwoko bw'abatoranijwe muri C.S iboneka muri pakisitani, ubuhinge na bangaradeshi.
Ndetse na nepali kandi ifite ijosi rw'ijimye ubwoko buto C S ZUGMEYER iboneka mubice.
Bimwe byo mu majyepfo ya aziya.
Ikwirakwiza naho ziba
Umubare munini w'inyoni ziri hagati ya 200 na 400 waragaragaye muri shan shuii muri Hong kong.
Etop Ikpe
Amateka
Etop Ikpe ni rwiyemezamirimo utwarwa na tekinoroji ashishikajwe no gushakisha ibisubizo bishya kubibazo byubuzima. Ni Umuyobozi mukuru wa Autochek Africa, isosiyete iteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ry’imodoka yubaka ibisubizo bigamije kuzamura ubucuruzi mu rwego rw’imodoka.
Iminsi imvura yagwagaho murwanda yagabanuyseho 45
Inzobere mu bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ndetse n’ibidukikije zagaragaje ko iminsi u Rwanda rwagushagaho imvura yagabanutse, hagati ya 35 na 45 kubera ubwiyongere bw’ubushyuhe ku Isi buterwa n’ibikorwa bya muntu biteza imihangagurikire y’ibihe.
Raporo
Raporo y’Ihuriro ry’ibihugu ryita ku mihindagurikire y’Ikirere rishamikiye kuri Loni, IPCC [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] yasohotse ku itariki 9 Kanama 2021, yerekanye ko ubushyuhe bw’u Rwanda burenze impuzandengo ya 1.09 Celsius 0.29 ku rwego rw’isi ndetse ugereranyije na Raporo yaherukaga yo mu 2013 ubushyuhe bwiyongereyeho dogere Celsius 0.29.
Etop Ikpe
Ishakiro
Ikiciro:Afurika Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika Ikiciro:Iterambere rya Afurica Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n'isakazabumenyi mu majyambere Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo Ikiciro:Nijeriya
Iminsi imvura yagwagaho murwanda yagabanuyseho 45
Raporo
Uyu mubare ushobora kumvikana nk’aho ari muto ariko inararibonye zivuga ko ari munini cyane kuko uko umwuka w’Isi ushyuha ari ko umwuka uva mu Nyanja ugira uruhare mu kugwa kw’imvura ubura imbaraga, maze bimwe mu bice by’Isi bikabura imvura, ahandi amashyamba agashya cyangwa se ubutaka bukumagara.
Ingamba
Zimwe mu ngamba u Rwanda rwafashe ni ukugabanya imyuka mibi yoherezwa mu kirere, birimo gushishikariza abaturage gutera amashyamba no kwirinda kuyatema batwika amakara ahubwo bagakoresha gaz bateka.
Ikindi ruri gushyiramo imbaraga ni ikoreshwa ry’imodoka na moto zitanywa ibikomoka kuri peteroli ahubwo bikoresha umuriro w’amashanyarazi n’ibindi rukaba rufite gahunda yo kugabanya imyuka yoherezwa mu Kirere ku rugero rwa 38% kugeza mu 2030.
Benjamin Mokulu
thumb|Benjamin Mokulu Benjamin Mokulu (yavutse Ku ya 11 Ukwakira 1989 i Buruseli) ni umukinnyi ufite ubwenegihugu bw'umubiligi, umukinnyi w'umupira w'amaguru ukomoka muri congo Yahindutse muri ravenna calcio.
Ubuzima
Amaze gukina mu makipe atandukanye y'urubyiruko mu Bubiligi, amaherezo yahisemo igihugu cye, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Ihitamo  rya mbere ryabonetse  Ku ya 9 Gashyantare 2011 gukina na Gaboni. Yatsindiye Ballon d'or muri 2012, 2013 na 2015.
Gatanya
thumb|Ishusho igaragaza umugore numugabo murukiko basaba gatanya Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwatangaje ko imanza za gatanya zaciwe mu gihugu cyose mu 2017 zari 69 mu gihe muri uyu mwaka wa 2018 zimaze kwikuba inshuro 19 kuko zigeze ku 1311.
Imibare y’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga igaragaza ko imanza za gatanya zakiriwe hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga mu 2016 zari 21, 2018 ziba 69 naho 2018 zigera 1311.
Byatangajwe kuri uyu wa Gatanu mu kiganiro n’abanyamakuru kivuga ku cyumweru cyahariwe ubucamanza kizatangira tariki 26 Ugushyingo kikarangira tariki 30 Ugushyingo 2018.
Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, Prof. Sam Rugege yagize ati “ Uko bigaragara, imibare yarazamutse mu nkiko z’ibanze, mu 2016 hari imanza 21, mu 2017 ni 69, mu 2018 ni 1311. Ni ukuvuga ko zimaze kwiyongera cyane mu muri uyu mwaka wa 2018.”
Rugege yavuze ko akenshi bigera ku rwego rwo gutandukanya abashakanye nta yindi nzira ishoboka, asaba abaturage kujya bakumira mbere bifashisha ibisubizo biri mu muco nyarwanda mu kunga abashakanye.
Ati “Aho abantu bananiranywe, nta kuntu wabigenza bagomba gutandukana ariko hakabayeho uburyo bwo gukurikirana umuryango igihe hagaragayemo ibibazo kugira ngo bitagera aho bagomba gutandukana cyangwa kwicana.”
Kubungabunga Ikirere
Kubungabunga ikirere ni filime mbarankuru ihuriweho na  Robert Alstead hamwe na Joanna Clarke wo muri icycle.ca Productions Ltd. Iyi filime yibanda ku gikorwa cy’ amatora mu 2013 y’umuhanga mu bumenyi bw’ikirere Andrew J. Weaver nk’umunyamuryango wa mbere w’ishyaka rya Green Party mu Nteko ishinga amategeko muri Columbiya y’Ubwongereza, muri Kanada.
Gatanya
Mu 2018, Nyamagabe niho hamaze kugaragara gatanya nke kuko ari ebyiri, naho muri Rubavu ni eshanu.
KVC
KVC ( Kigali Volleyball Club ) ni ikipe yabigize umwuga mu mukino w'amaboko wa volleyball, KVC ikina shampiyona itegurwa n 'Ishyirahamwe ry'umukino wa Volleyball mu Rwanda (The Rwanda Volleyball Federation, FRVB). KVC igira amakipe abili, ikipe  ya bagabo ndetse ni kipe bagore na bakobwa.
Umwuzure k'umugezi Utukura mu wa 1897
thumb|Ikibaya cy'amazi y'umugezi utukura, hamwe n'Uruzi rutukura rwerekanwe.Itariki ya 1 Mata - 24 Mata Umwuzure w’umugezi utukura mu mwaka wa 1897 wabaye muri Mata 1897, ku nkombe y’Uruzi rutukura byangiza cyane umujyi wa Fargo, mu majyaruguru ya Dakota. Ibintu byateje umwuzure wo mu 1897 byari bisa n’ibihe byabaye nyuma y’umwuzure wo mu 2009, nyamara umwuzure wo mu mwaka wa 1897 wari utandukanye ukurikije uko abantu babyitwayemo. Nubwo igipimo cy’umugezi kitashyizwe ku mugezi utukura kugeza mu mwaka wa 1901, andi masoko yerekana ko inkombe y’umwuzure wabaye mu mwaka wa 1897 ahantu hareshya 1.5 miles (2.4 km) kumanuka uva muri iki gihe cya Fargo igipimo cyaba 40.10 ft (hamwe nigipimo cyo gusohora 25.000 ft 3 / s ) ukurikije imibare iriho.
Gatanya
Indangamurongo
https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/uyu-mwaka-gatanya-zariyongereye-cyane-kicukiro-iri-ku-isonga
Umwuzure k'umugezi Utukura mu wa 1897
Kugeza ku mwuzure wo mu 2009, umwuzure wo mu 1897 niyo mazi maremare yanditswe mu gace ka Fargo-Moorhead kandi kuva icyo gihe ni cyo cyabaye igipimo cyapimwe n’indi myuzure myinshi yo mu ruzi rutukura.
Impamvu
Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1897 RM Probesfield yafashe igipimo cya 5 feet (1.5 m) cy'urubura hasi mu gace katarangwamo kugenda; agaciro ka 2 feet (0.61 m) hejuru yimwe yafashwe mbere y'umwuzure wa 1861. Bitewe n'urwego rwa shelegi yapimwe umwuzure wari uteganijwe.
Kubungabunga Ikirere
Kwiruka kw'ibihe yerekanwe bwa mbere mu iserukiramuco rya Filime DOXA ryabereye i Vancouver muri Gicurasi 2015.
KVC
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Siporo Ikiciro:Siporo ya volleyball
Gukuza ibimera byo mu mashyamba
Gukuza ibimera byo mu mashyamba (FVS) ni ikuza ry’amashyamba n’icyitegererezo cy’umusaruro cyakozwe n’ishami ry’amashyamba muri Amerika kandi rikoreshwa n’abashinzwe umutungo kamere n’abashakashatsi. FVS ihindagurika kubice byihariye bya geografiya kandi ikoresha icyitegererezo cyo kwigana kugirango hamenyekane amashyamba n'imiterere.
FVS ikoresha amakuru y'ibarura ryamashyamba kugirango isobanure uko ibintu byifashe mbere kandi bisaba ibisobanuro byerekana igishushanyo mbonera, ibiranga igihagararo, nurutonde rwibiti byihariye. Kwagura FVS birahari kugirango hamenyekane ingaruka z’udukoko n’indwara, umuriro, na karubone.
uburyo bugezweho buzakoreshwa
FVS nicyitegererezo cyo gukura kwamashyamba gishingiye kubibanza byamashyamba nisesengura (FIA). Irerekana imikurire yibiti kugiti cye nkigikorwa cyo kugereranya ibiranga. Buri cyiciro cyo mukarere gishingiye kubibanza bya FIA mukarere. Icyitegererezo cyashizweho kugirango habeho igereranya ryukuri ryikura ryamashyamba ryemeranya na -3/2 itegeko ryo kunanuka hamwe nubutaka bwibanze ntarengwa.
Meteo Rwanda
thumb|Imvura iri kugwa Meteo Rwanda ni Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubumenyi bw’Ikirere mu Rwanda.
Meteo Rwanda
Meteo Rwanda ni Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubumenyi bw’Ikirere mu Rwanda, gicungwa hakurikijwe amategeko agenga ibigo bya leta kuko kibarizwa mu bigo bya Leta kibarizwa muri Minisiteri y’Ibidukikije.
Igihe cyatangiriye
Mu Rwanda ibipimo bya by’imvura n’ubushyuhe byatangiye gufatwa ahagana mu mwaka wa 1930 gusa  bwa mbere bukaba bari barashyizeho uko bazajya bapima  mu mwaka wa 1906 mu Ntaray’Amajyepfo I Save.
IMVURA
Meteo-Rwanda ivugako ibihe by'imvura byahindutse ndetse n'ibipimo birahinduka, ivugako Imvura iruta izindi ngo izaba iri hagati ya milimetero 40 na 60 mu burengerazuba ndetse n'imvura iri hagati ya milimetero 20 na 40 mu intara y'amajyauguru.
Vincent Kayizzi
Vincent Kayizzi (wavutse 6 Werurwe 1984) ni umukinnyi uri mpuzamahanga ukina umupira w'amaguru ukomoka muri Uganda ukinira ikipe OC Bokavu Dawa.
Meteo Rwanda
AMASHAKIRO
Ikiciro:Ibidukikije
Vincent Kayizzi
Umwuga wa ikipe
Kayizzi yatangiye gukina muri ikipe yo muri shampiyona ya Uganda muri Kampala City Council FC. Muri shampiyona 2006/07 yagize amahirwe aza mu ikipe y'umupira w'amaguru yo mu Rwanda yitwa APR FC. Muri Mutarama 2009, yimukiye i Burayi gukina mu gikombe cya mbere muri Seribiya (icyiciro cya kabiri cyo muri Seribiya) FK Srem, iyi kipe ikaba iyambere mu Burayi mu kuzana bakinnyi baturutse Uganda, nka Nestroy Kizito na Phillip Ssozi. Nyuma yaje kugira ikindi gihe mu Burayi, ubwo yakinaga na Motor Lublin muri Shampiyona ya kabiri ya Polonye 2012–13.
Umwuga mpuzamahanga
Kayizzi akina mu ikipe y'umupira w'amaguru ya Uganda kuva 2004, kugeza muri 2014, afite imipira 40 n'ibitego 4 yatsinze.
Reba
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Uganda
Umushinga wa Green Dam muri Alijeriya
Umushinga wa Green Dam muri Alijeriya watangiriye muri Alijeriya mu myaka ya 1960 ufite intego zo gutera ibiti miliyoni kugira ngo uhagarike ubutayu ; byumwihariko, bwarimo bugana mu majyaruguru yubutayu bwa Sahara.
Umushinga wateye imbere kandi uhinduka kuva muri za 1970, 80, 90, no muri 2000.
Ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bwasohotse mu 2021 bwanzuye ko ibice Umushinga wa Green Dam wa Alijeriya ugenda wangirika kubera impamvu nyinshi, harimo no kuragira amatungo. Ubushakashatsi bwanzuye ko gahunda iriho yogusigasira umushinga wa Green dami kwitabwaho.
Kugeza mu 2021, guverinoma ya Alijeriya yateganyaga ibikorwa byo gusana bigomba kumara imyaka myinshi kandi birimo ishoramari rya miliyoni 128.
Inkeri za Bravura
thumb|Inkeri za Bravura Ubuhinzi bw’inkeri mu Rwanda, busa n’aho ari bushya kuko si igihingwa wabona muri buri gace, kuko muri iyi myaka ya vuba, ubuhinzi bw’inkeri bugenda bwiyongera, muri 2021, nibwo haje ingemwe 70,000 z’inkeri mu Rwanda, izo nkeri zikaba ari izo mu bwoko bwitwa Bravura ziturutse mu Buholandi. ubwo buhinzi bw’inkeri butangaje ni uko izo nkeri zitanga zitanga umusaruro nyuma y’iminsi 90 (amezi atatu), kandi zikaba zishobora kumara umwaka zisoromwa inshuro ebyiri buri cyumweru. thumb|umurima w'inkeri Inkeri za Bravura Dutangira kuzihinga twari dufite amakenga ko zishobora kwanga ubutaka bwacu, ariko si ko byagenze ahubwo izo nkeri zishimiye ubutaka bwacu, mbese bigaragara ko zizatanga umusaruro kurusha ibindi bihingwa dufite. Ubu tumaze gusarura inshuro eshatu, kandi ntizirera ijana ku ijana, ariko zizera ijana ku ijana, nko kuri ‘Ari’ 25 twaziteyeho, tumaze ibyumweru bibiri dutangiye gusarura ubu tugeze ku mpuzandengo y’ ibiro 60 ku cyumweru. Ku isoko ikilo kiragura 1500 Frw ku barangura, naho ujyana dukeya agura ku 2000Frw. Kandi dufite isoko ryizewe.
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Ibidukikije Ikiciro:Ibiti Ikiciro:Imbuto Ikiciro:Ibimera
Rwanda Over The Counter Exchange
Rwanda Over The Counter Market ( ROTCE ), ryari isoko ry'imari n'imigabane mu Rwanda. Yashinzwe ku ya 31 Mutarama 2008 ikorera mu mujyi wa Kigali, umurwa mukuru w'u Rwanda. Isoko ryayoborwaga na guverinoma yu Rwanda, rifite intego yo kwigenga. Ku ikubitiro kuvunja byagurishijwe gusa rimwe yatanzwe na banki nkuru y'igihugu; Banki nkuru y'u Rwanda n'indi Banki y'Ubucuruzi y'u Rwanda. Nyuma muri 2009, imigabane yatangiye gushyirwa ku rutonde.Mu Ukubuza 2010 imigabane ihwanye no kuvunja nkuko byavuzwe mu mbonerahamwe ikurikira.
Guhagarika ibikorwa no kubisimbuza
Ku ya 31 Mutarama 2011, ibikorwa by'u Rwanda hejuru y’ivunjisha byafashwe n’ivunjisha ry’u Rwanda, ibikorwa byacyo bigenzurwa n’inama ngishwanama y’imari y’imari ( CMAC ).
Reba
Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi
Rahma Bajun
Bajun, ni umuyobozi wa MnM Clothing Line, ikirango kizwi cyane cya Afro-centre yimyenda yo muri Tanzaniya ikora imyenda ihendutse, igikapu nibindi bikoresho byimyambarire kubagabo nabagore bakoresheje imyenda izwi cyane yo muri Afrika yuburasirazuba bwa Kitenge. Isosiyete ifite abakozi 7 bigihe cyose kandi igurisha ibicuruzwa byayo muri Afrika yuburasirazuba.
Ishakiro
Ikiciro:Afurika Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika Ikiciro:Iterambere rya Afurica Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo
Obinna Okwodu
Obinna Okwodu, yavutse mu 1991 muri Amerika, akuriye i Lagos, muri Nijeriya, akaba n'uwahoze ari umusesenguzi wa Banki ishoramari ya Morgan Stanley, ni we washinze Fibre, itangizwa ry’imitungo itimukanwa i Lagos ryemerera abapangayi binjiza amafaranga yo kwishyura buri kwezi. Gukodesha amazu atimukanwa i Lagos, muri Nijeriya birashobora kuba ikibazo. Ntabwo amazu ahenze gusa, ba nyirinzu basaba abashobora gukodesha kwishyura kugeza kumezi 24 yubukode imbere. Nkigisubizo, Fibre iratera imbere byihuse kandi igenda ikundwa nabantu benshi binjiza hagati muri Lagos.
Uburinganire
thumb| Ibimenyetso byibyiyumvo kubitsina bifatanye. Umutuku (ibumoso) ni ikimenyetso cya [[Umubumbe wa Venus|Venusi . Ubururu (iburyo) bugereranya ikimenyetso cya Mars .]] Uburinganire bukubiyemo imibereho, imitekerereze, umuco n’imyitwarire yo kuba umugabo, umugore, cyangwa iikindi kikuranga. Ukurikije imiterere, ibi birashobora kubamo imiterere ishingiye ku mibonano mpuzabitsina ishingiye ku mibonano mpuzabitsina (ni ukuvuga uruhare rw’uburinganire ) no kwerekana uburinganire bwuko wiyumva. Imico myinshi ikoresha uburinganire, aho uburinganire bugabanijwemo ibyiciro bibiri, kandi hari abantu bafatwa nkigice kimwe cyanzwe ( abahungu / abagabo nabakobwa / abagore );    abari hanze yaya matsinda barashobora kuba munsi yumutaka utari ibinyabibiri. Sosiete zimwe zifite igitsina cyihariye kitari "umugabo" n "" umugore ", nka hijras yo muri Aziya yepfo ; ibi bikunze kuvugwa nkuburinganire bwa gatatu (nuburinganire bwa kane, nibindi. ). Intiti nyinshi zemeza ko uburinganire aricyo kintu nyamukuru kiranga imibereho . Uburinganire bushobora gutekerezwa nkibinyabuzima, kuko bikubiyemo imibereho, imitekerereze, ibinyabuzima, umuco n’imyitwarire.
Obinna Okwodu
Amateka
Obinna ni we washinze Fibre akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru wa Fibre, imitungo itimukanwa yo muri Nijeriya yashinzwe mu 2016 kugira ngo itange abapangayi binjiza amafaranga yo hagati mu buryo bworoshye bwo kwishyura amazu akikije Lagos.
Amabati ya Karuruma
Amabati ya Karuruma ni uruganda rukora amabati mu murwa mukuru w’u Rwanda, Kigali, kuri ubu rukoreshwa na sosiyete ya LuNa Smelter Ltd. Uru ruganda rwakoranaga mbere na Phoenix Metal Ltd.
Obinna Okwodu
Ishakiro
Ikiciro:Afurika Ikiciro:Nijeriya Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika Ikiciro:Iterambere rya Afurica Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo Ikiciro:Itumanaho Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n'isakazabumenyi mu majyambere
Amabati ya Karuruma
Amabati ya Karuruma yubatswe mu ntangiriro zo muri 1980 kugira ngo atange amabati avuye muri concentéte yaturutse muri Société des Mines du Rwanda ( SOMIRWA ). SOMIRWA yayoboye urugamda kugeza muri 1985 igihe yahombye. Uruganda rwongeye gufungura mu mpera zo muri 1990 n’isosiyete yitwa ALICOM ariko yongera gufungwa muri Mata 1994 ubwo itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ryatangiraga ryokwica abatutsi. Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yari ifite uruganda rukora ibicuruzwa, yarayigurishije muri gahunda yo kwegurira abikorera ku giti cyabo. Uruganda ruherereye hafi ya Kigali, umurwa mukuru wu Rwanda.
Amateka yisosiyete munsi ya NMC Metallurgie
Muri 2002 Tin Smelter yaguzwe na NMC Metallurgie. Kugeza mu mpera z'umwaka wo muri 2003 amatsinda ya tekiniki yakoraga ku ishoramari no kuyitaho mu rwego rwo gusana uruganda, gutumiza no gushyira imashini zabuze, gutangira ibikorwa byo gushonga hamwe no kunoza imikorere. Muri Kamena na Ukuboza 2003 ibizamini byakozwe neza kandi umusaruro w’inganda wari witeguye gutangira mu mpera za 2003. Muri 2005 isosiyete yafashe icyemezo cyo guhindura izina ryisosiyete ikitwa Phoenix Metal no guhindura n’amasezerano y’ishyirahamwe. Igiciro cy'amashanyarazi, kugabanuka kwamashanyarazi nikibazo cyibintu byinshi by'umurongo byari byategetse guhagarika ibikorwa byo gushonga.
Muri 2006, isosiyete yagerageje inzira nshya ishingiye kubikorwa bidasanzwe. Ibyo bizamini byagenze neza mu buhanga ariko izamuka rya kabiri ry’igiciro cy’amashanyarazi mu Kuboza 2005 n’ikibazo gisigaye cy’ibikoresho fatizo nticyagaragajwe n’ibintu byiza byakozwe muri gahunda nshya. Nyuma y'imyaka itanu abikorera ku giti cyabo, ubugenzuzi bwuzuye bwa tekiniki n’imari bwakozwe na Privateatisation kugira ngo harebwe niba amasezerano yubahirijwe n’impande zombi. Hafashwe umwanzuro hagati y’ababuranyi, ko Phoenix Metal itagifite inshingano. Phoenix Metal yasezeranije kuzirikana gushonga kandi izakora ibishoboka bidasanzwe kugirango utangire gushonga mumahirwe y'ambere.
Muri 2017, isosiyete yinjiye mu kwakira abantu kandi yaguzwe na guverinoma y'u Rwanda kuri miliyari 1.2 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda.
Uruganda
Uruganda rufite ibyuma 2 by'amashanyarazi. Ubushobozi bw'itanura buri hagati ya toni 10 na 15 zo kuvanga kumunsi. Amatanura atatu yo gutunganya ni ayo kugenzura umwanda. Amatanura abiri yo gutandukanya akoreshwa mugutunganya ibisigazwa.
Umuti
Bamwe mu bakora ibicuruzwa byo mu Rwanda ntibafite ibikoresho cyangwa ubumenyi bwo gusukura amabuye y'agaciro. Phoenix Metal ibasaba koza no gutegura amabuye y'agaciro yoherezwa hanze harebwa ibisobanuro byamasezerano yohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Kubwibyo, Phoenix Metal ifite nka Crusher, Mills, Spirals, Shacking Table yumye kandi itose, Magnetique separation.
Gucuruza
Hamwe nibikorwa byo gushonga bidakora, Phoenix Metal yatangiye igikorwa cyubucuruzi. Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro na Phoenix Metal ni:
1. Cassiterite
2. Wolfram
3. Tantalite
4. Beryl
5. Amabati
Ihuza ryo hanze
Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo
Ingaruka Zitabi
thumb|Igishushanyo cy'umubiri w'umuntu cyerekana kanseri n'indwara zidakira ziterwa no kunywa itabi Kunywa itabi bigira ingaruka mbi cyane kubuzima bwabantu no guhangayikishwa ningaruka zubuzima bwitabi bifite amateka maremare. Ubushakashatsi bwibanze ahanini ku kunywa itabi. Umwotsi w'itabi urimo imiti irenga 70 itera kanseri. Itabi ririmo kandi nikotine, ikaba ari ibiyobyabwenge byangiza cyane psychoactive. Iyo itabi rinyweye, nikotine itera kwishingikiriza kumubiri no mubitekerezo. Itabi rigurishwa mu bihugu bitaratera imbere usanga rifite ibipimo byinshi, kandi ntibishobora kuyungurura, bikaba byongera ingaruka ziterwa n’itabi ry’indwara ziterwa n’itabi muri utwo turere. Kunywa itabi nimwe mu mpamvu zikomeye zitera urupfu rushobora kwirindwa ku isi. Hafi ya kimwe cya kabiri cyabantu bakoresha itabi bapfa bazize ingorane zo gukoresha itabi. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) rivuga ko buri mwaka itabi ritera impfu zigera kuri miliyoni 6 (hafi 10% by'impfu zose) hamwe 600.000 muri zo zikaba ziboneka mu batanywa itabi kubera umwotsi w’itabi. Bivugwa ko itabi ryahitanye abantu miliyoni 100 mu kinyejana cya 20. Muri ubwo buryo, Ikigo cyo muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara kivuga ko ikoreshwa ry’itabi ari "imwe mu ngaruka zikomeye zishobora kwirindwa ku buzima bw’abantu mu bihugu byateye imbere ndetse n’impamvu ikomeye y’urupfu rutaragera ku isi." Kugeza ubu, umubare w'abantu bapfa imburagihe muri Amerika bazize kunywa itabi ku mwaka uruta umubare w'abakozi bakoreshwa mu nganda z'itabi kuri 4 kugeza kuri 1. Nk’uko byagaragajwe mu mwaka wa 2014 mu kinyamakuru cyitwa New England Journal of Medicine, itabi rizahitana abantu bagera kuri miliyari imwe mu kinyejana cya 21 niba ubu itabi rikomeje, kimwe cya kabiri cyabo mbere y’imyaka 70.