cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Ingufu zidahumanya
Inama ya SEforAll Forum [Sustainable Energy for All] yabaye hagati ya tariki 17-19 Gicurasi 2022, yahurije hamwe abarenga 1000 bari bateraniye mu Mujyi wa Kigali mu gihe hari n’abandi basaga 1000 bayikurikiye mu buryo bw’Iyakure.
Abashoramari bashishikarijwe kuyishora mu gusazura amashyamba
Ati ‘‘Ubu amashyamba ya Leta arimo aregurirwa abikorera ku giti cyabo.’’
Rurangwa avuga ko bitewe n’uko amashyamba ya Leta adafite umuntu uyitaho kandi akangizwa, ari yo mpamvu Leta yahisemo kuyegurira abashoramari kugira ngo bayiteho ndetse bayabyaze umusaruro.
Ingufu zidahumanya
Abitabiriye
Abayitabiriye barimo Perezida Paul Kagame, Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, António Guterres, abayobozi muri za Guverinoma z’ibihugu byo hirya no hino ku Isi, Ibigo by’iterambere, abikorera mu rwego rwo gukwirakwiza ingufu, urubyiruko ndetse n’abahagarariye za Sosiyete Sivile.
Abashoramari bashishikarijwe kuyishora mu gusazura amashyamba
Nsekuye Elysé, umuturage wo mu Kagari ka Mabare, mu Murenge wa Rukomo wo mu Karere ka Gicumbi, wasazuriwe ishyamba binyuze mu Mushinga Green Gicumbi, avuga ko afite icyizere cy’uko ishyamba rye rizamuha umusaruro kuruta mbere.
Ingufu zidahumanya
Abitabiriye
Perezida Kagame yavuze ko kubera ko gukwirakwiza ingufu bigomba kujyana n’ingamba zo kurinda iyangirika ry’ikirere, ibihugu bikize bigomba gutanga inkunga muri urwo rugamba kuko ari byo byohereza imyuka myinshi ihumanya ikirere.
Ati “Muri uko kwinjiza iby’ingufu zirambye muri gahunda yo kuzahura ubukungu nyuma y’icyorezo cya Covid-19, dushobora kwihutisha ibijyanye no kwimukira ku gukoresha ingufu zisubira zitangiza ibidukikije ariko ibyo bigakorwa neza nta busumbane.”
Abashoramari bashishikarijwe kuyishora mu gusazura amashyamba
Ati ‘‘Turebye ku bwiza bifite (ibiti), tuzagira umusaruro kuruta uko mbere twawubonaga.’’
Undi muturage wo muri ako gace wasazuriwe ishyamba, Mukakaboyi Emilienne, avuga ko mbere bagitema ibiti uko biboneye ubuzima bwari bworoshye, ariko bagakuramo amafaranga make.
Ingufu zidahumanya
Abitabiriye
Umukuru w’Igihugu yavuze ko mu gihe ibikorwa by’inganda zikora amashanyarazi bikomeje kwanduza ikirere no kwangiza ibidukikije mu buryo bumwe cyangwa ubundi, Afurika idakwiye kwikorera umutwaro yonyine kuko n’imyuka ihumanya ikirere usanga ahanini yoherezwa n’ibihugu bikize.
Ati “Afurika ntiyakwikorera uwo mutwaro yonyine kubera ko imyuka yohereza mu kirere atari yo yatumye habaho imihindagurikire y’ibihe. Ariko nanone uko byamera kose Afurika iri mu bagomba gushaka igisubizo.”
Abashoramari bashishikarijwe kuyishora mu gusazura amashyamba
Ati ‘‘Bwari bworoshye ariko tukabona make. Ntabwo twabonaga umusaruro mwiza nk’uwitezwe ubu’’.
Zimwe mu mpamvu zituma Leta ikomeje gushyira imbaraga mu kwita ku mashyamba, ni ugukomeza kubungabunga ibidukikije no kwirinda ingaruka mbi zituruka ku mihindagurikire y’ibihe, ariko hakabamo n’impamvu yo kuyabyaza umusaruro ku kigero gikwiriye.
Impamvu yo kuyabyaza umusaruro ni uko kugeza ubu u Rwanda rugitumiza mu mahanga ibiti byo gukoramo amapoto ndetse n’imbaho, mu gihe narwo ruramutse rwitaye ku mashyamba yarwo ibiti bigakura neza ndetse ntibitemwe mbere y’igihe, rwakoresha ibyarwo.
Ibiti byatewe neza bigakurikiranwa uko bikwiriye, bishobora gusarurwa hagati y’imyaka irindwi n’icyenda.
Ni mu gihe igiti cyeze neza ku buryo gishobora gukorwamo ipoto, kigurwa amadolari 100, ni asaga ibihumbi 100 by’amafaranga y’u Rwanda.
Inyigo yakozwe n’Umushinga Green Gicumbi, igaragaza ko ishyamba iyo risazuwe, nibura hegitari imwe isarurwaho hagati y’amasiteri 200 na 300, mu gihe ishyamba rishaje risarurwaho amasiteri hagati ya 20 na 30.
Ingufu zidahumanya
Ibyavuyemo
Muri aya mafaranga harimo miliyoni $242 yatanzwe n’Umuryango Nterankunga Bloomberg Philanthropies ufite icyicaro i New York muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
Amafaranga watanze azafasha mu kugeza ingufu zirimo amashayarazi ariko zitangiza ibidukikije mu bihugu 10 bya Afurika birimo Mozambique, Kenya na Nigeria.
Abashoramari bashishikarijwe kuyishora mu gusazura amashyamba
amashakiro
http://mobile.igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/abashoramari-bashishikarijwe-kuyishora-mu-gusazura-amashyamba
Ingufu zidahumanya
Ibyavuyemo
Nibura abagera kuri miliyoni 800 ku Isi ntibagerwaho n’amashanyarazi, benshi ni abo muri Afurika. Abagera kuri miliyari 2,5 biganje muri Afurika na Aziya ntibagerwaho n’ingufu zifashishwa mu guteka ariko zitangiza ibidukikije.
Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, António Guterres, yavuze ko hakenewe ingamba zihariye kugira ngo Isi izabashe kugera ku ntego z’Icyerekezo 2030, ziteganya ko abaturage bose b’Isi [100%] bazaba bagerwaho n’amashanyarazi.
Reba
Ikiciro:Ibidukikije
Umunyungugu wa silcon
Uyu munyungugu uretse kuba ari ingirakamaro mu mubiri w’umuntu ni na rimwe mu mabuye y’agaciro akomeye ku isi dore ko ubu ibikoresho byose bikoresha tekinoloji yo hejuru ariyo iba irimo.
Mu mubiri w’umuntu ikaba ikenerwa mu gutuma tugira amagufa akomeye, isura nziza, n’ibindi. Tuyibona inyuze mu byo turya, aho yinjira mu mubiri ari silanate cyangwa silisic acid.
René Djédjémel Mélédjé
René Djédjémel Mélédjé (wavutse ku ya 5 Kamena 1958) ni umukinnyi w'imikino y'inzitizi ya Kote Divuwari.
Muri Shampiyona nyafurika yo mu 1985 yatsinze metero 110 yiruka arangiza ari uwa gatatu muri metero 400. Yatsindiye imidari ya bronze muri metero 400 yirukanka muri Summer Universiade ya 1985 no mu kwiruka metero 110 mu mikino yabereye muri Afurika 1987.
Yitabiriye metero 4 × 400 mu marushanwa y'isi ya 1983, imikino Olempike yo mu 1984, Shampiyona y'isi 1987 na Olempike yo mu 1988.
Igihe cye cyiza ni amasegonda 48,94, yageze muri Kanama 1986 i Zürich. Nibikorwa byubu byigihugu.
Reba
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Tuyizere Etienne
Tuyizere Etienne yavutse 12 kanama 2003, umukinnyi mu mukino w'igare, ubarizwa mu ikipe ya Benediction Ignite akaba yarabaye umwe mu bitabiriye irushanwa rya Kibugabuga race. Akaba yarabaye uwatsinze irushanwa ryingimbi muri Shampiyona nyafurika 2021.
AMASHAKIRO
Ikiciro:Rwanda Ikiciro:Igare Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa magare Ikiciro:Amarushanwa ku igare Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda
King James
Ruhumuriza Jamus
King Jamus ni umwe mubahanzi bamaze igihe kitari gito muri muzika nyarwanda kandi akaba agikunzwe kugeza magingo aya.uyu umuhanzi afite impano idasanzwe aho ijwi rye n'imitoma agira mumyandikire y'indirimbo ze byahogoje beshi mu Rwanda.
Ubundi ubusanzwe King Jamus yitwa Jamus Ruhumuriza ni umu riribyi w'ijyana y'a RnB nizindi z'izishamikiyeho nka zouk na pop
AMATEKA AMURANGA
King Jamus yatangiye ubuhanzi bwe mu mwaka wa 2006,ubwo yari mu mashuri y'isumbuye. Indirimbo ye ya mbere yayise " Intinyi" ayisohora mu mwaka wa 2009. Amashuri ye yisumbuye yayize mu kigo cya APE RUGUNGA aho yarangije mu mwaka wa 2010.
ku itariki ya 24 Ukuboza 2010 nibwo uyu muhanzi King Jamus yashyize hanze album ye yambere maze ayita " Umugisha" .iyi album ye iriho indirimbo zakumzwe cyane nka " Umugisha,  Kuko turikumwe, Naratomboye n'izindi nyishi. King Jamus kandi numwe mubahanzi bagize iyerambere rifatika mubikorwa byabo. Ubu uyumuhanzi afite inzu igaragara yujuje ya kadasiteri kandi akaba anafite arimantasiyo
Ku itariki ya 10 Ukuboza 2011 ya muritse album ye yakabiri yise "Umuvandimwe" ayimurikira mu ntara y'Amajyepfo muri Kaminuza nkuru y'urwanda ku itariki ya 13 Mutarama 2012.iyo album ye iriho indirimbo zakunzwe cyane nka "Narashize,Birandenga, Ese warikinaraga nizindi nyishi.
AMASHAKIRO
Ikiciro:Umunyarwanda Ikiciro:Rwandan artists Ikiciro:Umuziki nyarwanda Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda
Repubulika y'inkoko
Repubulika y'inkoko ni urusobe ry'ibiryo byihuta by'abanijeriya baherewe ubushobozi mubyerekeranye n'ubunararibonye mu guteka inkoko, cyane cyane inkoko zikaranze. Yashinzwe na Deji Akinyanju, naho resitora ya mbere yashinzwe i Apapa, i Lagos mu mwaka wa 2004. Resitora ya mbere y’inkoko yafunguwe i Lagos mu mwaka wa 2004, ubu ikaba icuruza ahantu hasaga 150 muri Nijeriya na Gana. thumb| Repubulika y'inkoko
Incamake
left|thumb| Resitora ya Repubulika y'inkoko muri Abuja Repubulika y'inkoko ifite icyicaro i Lagos, muri Nijeriya. Sosiyete ikora ibiryo muri Nigeriya.
Iyi sosiyete twavuga ko muri Nijeriya ariyo nini cyane muri resitora y’inkoko ifite ibyicaro bisaga 40 i Lagos hamwe n’ibindi byicaro bisaga 190 mu gihugu hose. Repubulika y'inkoko kandi yaguye serivisi mu bindi bihugu byo muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba harimo na Gana.
Ihuza ryo hanze
Ikiciro:Nijeriya
Ikiyaga cya cyabayaga
Imiterere
Ikiyaga gihangano cya Cyabayaga gifite ubuso bwa hegitari zigera kuri 40 ariko zikaba zigabanuka bitewe n’amazi iyo yabaye make. Uretse amarebe ashobora gutuma gisiba ngo n’abahinga mu nkengero zacyo nabo bahinga bashyiramo ibitaka kimwe n’amatungo acyuhirwaho.
Iki kiyaga kandi gifasha kuhira imiceri ihingwa n'ama koperative atandukanye ahaturiye.
Tenywa Bonseu
Tenywa "T-Bone" Bonseu (yavutse ku ya 28 Ukwakira 1976) ni umupira w'amaguru mu kiruhuko cy'izabukuru, ukomoka i Kampala muri uganda, w'akinnye imyaka icyenda y'umupira w'amaguru wa bigize umwuga muri Amerika.
abatabigize umwuga na kaminuza
Bonseu yatangiye umwuga we akinira Horizon FC mu gihugu cye cya Uganda, mbere yo kuza muri Amerika mu 1997 kwitabira no gukina umupira w'amaguru muri kaminuza ya Martin Methodiste College yo mu cyaro cya Tennessee nyuma yo gukora igeragezwa n'ikipe yo mu Buyapani muri shampiyona ya J.
Ababigize umwuga
Bonseu yinjiye muri Pittsburgh Riverhounds ya muri shampiyona ya A mu 1999 akinayo ibihe bibiri, mbere yo gusinyana na Shampiyona nkuru y'umupira w'amaguru wa Chicago Fire. Bonseu yagiye kumara ibihe byinshi muri MLS, akina na Columbus Crew mu 2001, Dallas Burn mu 2002 na 2003, na MetroStars yaguze Tenywa muri Dallas kwa Steve Jolley mbere ya shampiyona yo muri 2004. Mu bihe bitanu muri MLS, Bonseu yakinnye muri shampiyona isanzwe 87 n'imikino 11 yo gukina (gutangira byose uretse bitatu).
Jay Polly
Tuyishime Joshua
Jay polly yavutse mu mwaka 1988 Nyakanga tariki ya 5 yitaba Imana tariki 2 Nzeri 2021. yari umugabo w'umunyarwanda wari waramamaye cyane mujyana ya hiphop aho yari yarigaruriye imitima yabatari bake mu Rwanda kubera ubuhanga bwe mubihangano yakoraga ntiwashidikanyako we na mugenzi we Riderman ari abaraperi babahanga dufite mu Rwanda nubwo Jay we atakibarizwa ku isi. uyu mugabo yatangiye kwamamara muri 2008 aho yasukaga hanze ibihangano bye byuzuye ubuhanga bwishi aho yasohoye indirimbo zatumye amenyekana cyane nka "Ndacyariho, Umupfumu uzwi, Rusumbanzika ndetse nizindi nyishi.
Tenywa Bonseu
Mpuzamahanga
Bonseu yari umwe mu bakinnyi bato batoranijwe kugaragara mu ikipe y'igihugu ya Uganda. Afite imikino 21 muri Uganda.
Ihuza ryo hanze
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Uganda
Jay Polly
AMATEKA YARANZE JAY POLLY
Jay Polly yavutse ku wa 5 Nyakanga 1988 akaba yaritabye Imana mu mwaka wa 2021 Nzeri aguye mu bitaro bya Muhima.
Jay Polly yavukiye I Gikondo mumujyi wa Kigali nubwo haraba vugako yavukiye mu Kinigi ho mu karere ka Musanze mu ntara y'Amajyaruguru. Uyu mugabo yavukaga mumuryango w'abana batatu aho we yavukaga ari uwa kabiri kubabyeyi bombi aribo Nsabimana Pierre na Mukarubayiza Marienne.
Tuyishime Joshua yize amashuri y'incuke mukigo cy'a Kinunga, ayisumbuye ayiga mu kigo cya E. S. K giherereye mu karere ka Kicukiro mu mujyi wa Kigali mu ishami ry'ubukorikori.
IRUSHANWA YEGUKANYE RIKOMEYE
Jay Polly yamenyekanye ari mu itsinda (crew) rya " tough Gang "ryatangiye kumenyekana muri muzikanyarwanda kuva muri 2008 kugeza muri 2014. Uyu muhanzi mu mwaka wa 2014 yegukanye irushanwa ryari rikomeye mu Rwanda ryitwaga Primus Guma Guma Super star
INKURU Y'URUPFU RWA JAY POLLY
Tuyishime Joshua uzwi kwizina rya Jay Polly ubwo yarafungiwe muri gereza ya Nyarugenge mu murenge wa Mageragere we nabagenzibe babiri basangiye uruvange rwa alcohol yifashishwaga ni pfungwa/abagororwa biyogoshesha, amazi n'isukari byavanzwe nabo ubwabo. Uyumugabo yaje kuremba bamujya ku ivuriro ry'iyo gereza ahagana muma SAA kumi n'ebyeri z'umugiroba aho yahise yitabwaho nabaganga. Bimaze kugaragarako akomeje kuremba yaje kujyanwa ku ibitaro bya Muhima aho yaje kwitabwaho nabaganga gusa biza kurangira y'itabye Imana.
AMASHAKIRO
Ikiciro:Umunyarwanda Ikiciro:Umuhanzi Ikiciro:Rwandan artists Ikiciro:Umuziki nyarwanda
KCB Group
KCB Group Limited, ( KCB), ni serivisi y’imari ifite isosiyete ikora mari ikorera mu karere ka Afurika y'Ibiyaga Bigari. Icyicaro cy’iryo tsinda kiri i Nairobi, muri Kenya, amashami yayo akaba ari KCB Bank Kenya Limited, KCB Bank Burundi Limited, KCB Bank Rwanda Limited, KCB Bank y'Amajyepfo Sudani Limited, KCB Bank Tanzania Limited, KCB TMB Congo na KCB Bank Uganda Limited.
Incamake
Kugeza muri Kuboza 2017, Itsinda ryari rifite umutungo wa Miliyari 6.47 z'amadolari ya Amerika (nka KSh: Miliyari 646.7) hamwe n’abanyamigabane bangana na Miliyari 1.06 z'amadolari (KSh: miliyari 105.97 z'amadolari). Muri Nyakanga 2015, ibitangazamakuru by'amakuru byatangaje ko iryo tsinda rikurikirana gahunda yo kwagura muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, Etiyopiya, na Mozambike.
Amateka
Amateka ya Banki y’ubucuruzi ya Kenya Limited yatangiye guhera muri Nyakanga 1896, igihe uwayibanjirije, Banki nkuru y’Ubuhinde (NBI), yafunguye ishami i Mombasa kugira ngo akore ubucuruzi icyo cyambu cyari gikurura icyo gihe.
Muri 1958, Banki ya Grindlays yifatanije na NBI ishinga Banki nkuru y’igihugu na Grindlays (NGB). Nyuma y'ubwigenge, guverinoma ya Kenya yaguze imigabane 60% muri NGB mu rwego rwo kurushaho kwegera amabanki hafi ya benshi mu Banyakenya. Mu 1970, guverinoma yaguze 100 ku ijana by'imigabane muri NGB kugira ngo igenzure neza banki nini y'ubucuruzi muri Kenya. NGB yaje kwitwa Banki y'Ubucuruzi ya Kenya, (KCB). Mu 1972, KCB yaguze Savings & Loan Kenya Limited, izobereye mu bijyanye n’imari y’inguzanyo.
Muri 1988, 20 ku ijana bya mbere by’imigabane ya guverinoma muri iyo sosiyete byagurishijwe binyuze mu Isoko rya mbere ryatangiwe ku isoko ry’imigabane rya Nairobi. Guverinoma mu myaka yashize yagabanije imigabane yayo igera kuri 23,6 ku ijana. Mu kibazo cy’uburenganzira bw’umwaka wa 2010, guverinoma yakomeje kugabanya imigabane yayo igera kuri 17.31 ku ijana.
Nyirubwite
Umugabane witsinda rya KCB urutonde kurutonde rwimigabane ya Nairobi munsi yikimenyetso KCB. Imigabane yitsinda ry'ambukiranya urutonde rwimigabane ya Dar es Salaam, Isoko ry’imigabane mu Rwanda, n’ivunjisha rya Uganda.
Kugeza ku ya 31 Ukuboza 2017, abanyamigabane icumi bakomeye mu itsinda rya KCB bari ku rutonde rukurikira:
Imiyoborere
Umuyobozi w'inama y'ubutegetsi ya banki ni Andrew Wambari Kairu. Paul Russo ni umuyobozi mukuru akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru w'itsinda rya banki.
Muscal Mvuezolo
Muscal Mvuezolo-Musumbu (yavutse Ku ya 30 Werurwe 1979 i Kinshasa ) ni umupira w'amaguru ukina ari mpuzamahanga ukomoka muri congo. Akina nk'umukinnyi wo hagati.
KCB Group
Amashami y'ishami
Banki y’ubucuruzi ya Kenya Burundi Limited ni banki y’ubucuruzi n’ishami ry’itsinda rya KCB muri Burundi, byemewe na Banki ya Repubulika y’U burundi, umugenzuzi w’amabanki mu gihugu. KCB Burundi igizwe 0,6 ku ijana by'u mutungo wose wa KCB. Biteganijwe ko umutungo wa banki wose wari hafi miliyoni 33.6 z'amadolari ya Amerika ( KSh 3.34), guhera muri Kuboza 2015.
Muscal Mvuezolo
Ubuzima
Muskarl Mvuezolo akina mu Bubiligi, Turukiya, Ubugereki na Romaniya.
KCB Group
Amashami y'ishami
Muri Gashyantare 2012, Itsinda rya KCB ryemerewe amabwiriza yo gushinga ishami mu Burundi. Ku ya 8 Gicurasi 2012, KCB Burundi yatangiye gutanga serivisi z’amabanki, imaze guhabwa uruhushya rw’amabanki y’ubucuruzi ku ya 18 Mata 2012. Ishinzwe, KCB ibaye itsinda rya mbere rya serivisi zimari yashinze amashami mubihugu byose byumuryango wibihugu bya Afrika yuburasirazuba.
Ihuza ryo hanze
Ikiciro:Banki Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi
Muscal Mvuezolo
Ubuzima
Yatsindiye bwa mbere mpuzamahanga mu ikipe y'igihugu ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo mu mukino yakinnye na Gaboni Ku ya 25 Werurwe 2008.
amahuza yo hanze
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo
Madebeats
Mucyo David uzwi nka Madebeats mu gisata cy'Imyidagaduro mu Rwanda ni umunyarwanda ukora umwuga wo gutunganya indirimbo. Uyu mwuga akaba yarawutangiye amaze gusoza amashuri yisumbuye mu ishami rya Electrical engeneering mu ishuri rya SOS Technical High School riherereye i Kagugu mu karere ka Gasabo
Ubuzima Bwite
Madebeats w’imyaka 26, ni umuhanga mu gutunganya indirimbo. Muri iyi minsi ni umwe mu bakoranye n’abahanzi bafite amazina akomeye mu muziki w’u Rwanda no mu karere. Yinjiye muri uyu mwuga abifashijwemo na Producer Nicolas afata nk’umusingi w’ibikorwa bye. Muri iyi minsi ni umwe mu basore bamaze kubaka izina mu mitima y’abakunzi ba muzika mu Rwanda cyane mu batunganya indirimbo ni umusore mu muziki umaze igihe gito amaze gukora indirimbo nyinshi zamamaye hano mu Rwanda kandi z’abahanzi b’ibyamamare.
= amashakiro = https://web.archive.org/web/20220922043635/https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/producer-madebeats-agiye-kwimukira-mu-bwongereza Ikiciro:Imyidagaduro Ikiciro:Entertainment Ikiciro:Abahanzi Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda Ikiciro:Rwandan artists
Kassim Basma
Kassim Basma (wavutse mu 1960 mu mujyi wa Koidu, muri Siyera Lewone ) ni umuherwe w’umucuruzi wo muri Siyera Lewone kandi akaba uwa kabiri mu bihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa bya diyama hanze y'igihugu muri Siyera Lewone, bingana na 38% by’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa na diyama byo muri Siyera Lewone. Basma yavukiye mu Karere ka Kono mu burasirazuba bwa Siyera Lewone. Yavukiye mu muryango ukomoka mu gihugu cya Libani ukomoka mu mudugudu wa Ain Baal wo mu majyepfo ya Libani. Ni umwe mu bagize umuryango wa Basma, umwe mu miryango ya cyera cyane ikomoka muri Libani mu gihugu cya  Siyera Lewone.
Amateka ya lucky dube
Lucky Dube yavutse tariki 3 Kanama 1964 avukira mu Mujyi wari uri hafi y’ikirombe cy’amabuye y’agaciro cya Ermelo, mu ntara ubu yitwa Mpumalanga. Sarah Dube, nyina umubyara ni we wamwise “Lucky” bivuga ’Umunyamahirwe’, iri zina ryaturutse ahanini ku bihe bitoroshye by’uburwayi bukomeye Lucky Dube yanyuzemo nyuma y’amezi make avutse, ariko akaza kubaho.
Inkomoko
Inkomoko y’iri zina yavuzweho byinshi, aho televiziyo ya CNN yo ivuga ko “Lucky” byaturutse ku kuvuka kwe mu buryo bugoranye, kuko yavutse ari inda ivuyemo itagejeje igihe, ariko akabaho.
Hamwe n’abavandimwe be 2, Thandi na Patrick, Dube yarezwe cyane na nyirakuru mu gihe nyina umubyara yamaraga igihe kinini atari kumwe na we yagiye gushaka imibereho. Mu kiganiro yatanze mu mwaka w’1999, Dube yavuze ko nyirakuru yamubereye umuntu w’igitangaza, akaba ari nawe afata nk’uwatumye aba uwo yabaye we.
Uko yakuze
Ageze ku ishuri, yinjiye muri Kolari hamwe n’inshuti bari bahuriye ku ishuri, bakoze itsinda bise The Skyway Band. Ari ku ishuri yamenye ibijyanye n’umuryango wa Rastafari, maze yiyemeza kuba umurasta.
Ku myaka 18 Dube ubwo yigaga mu mashuri yisumbuye yategerezaga ko ibiruhuko bigera kugira ngo ajye gukoresha indirimbo ze za mbere, icyo gihe yakoranaga n’itsinda rya The Love Brothers, ari naryo ryamufashije kugera kuri Album ye ya mbere yise “Lucky Dube and The Supersoul ", mu mwaka wa 1982.
Imico yamuranze
Lucky Dube yagiye arangwa no kwibanda kuri bimwe mu bihe yanyuzemo akiri muto mu gihugu cye mu ndirimbo ze, cyane cyane akibanda ku buzima bwa politiki avuga kuri Afurika muri rusange, ivanguraruhu ryari ritsikamiye abirabura ku isi by’umwihariko Afurika y’epfo, ibibazo bijyanye na politiki, imibanire y’abantu, ndetse no ku buzima bw’ikiremwamuntu.
Indirimbo zigize Album ya mbere Dube ntyigeze aziyandikira, uretse Album zindi zakurikiye iya mbere, kuri Album nka Rastas Never Die yasohotse mu mwaka w’1984, niho yagaragarije uruhare runini ku itegurwa ryayo bitandukanye n’iya mbere.
Lucky Dube watabarutse ku myaka 43, yari amaze kubaka izina mu muziki w’injyana ya Reggae, yagiye yegukana ibihembo bikomeye bya muzika ku rwego rwa Afurika ndetse no ku Isi yose; nka “Ghana Music Awards” yahawe mu mwaka wa 1996, nk’umuhanzi mpuzamahanga w’umwaka (Artiste International de l’Année) n’icya “World Music Awards de Monte Carlo”, icya “Serious Reggae Business” yahawe nk’umuhanzi ufite Album yagurishijwe neza ndetse n’ibindi. Mu myaka 25 yamaze aririmba yegukanye ibihembo byose hamwe 20.
Lucky Dube yagiye agaragaza gukunda no guha agaciro ikiremwamuntu cyane, bitari ibyo mu ndirimbo gusa ahubwo no mu buzima bwe busanzwe, kuko yababazwaga n’akarengane abantu bamwe bagirira abandi. Ubwo yasuraga u Rwanda, akigerera ku rwibitso rushyinguwemo inzirakarengane za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Kigali ku Gisozi, yasohotse atabasha kuvugana n’itangazamakuru kubera ikiniga cyinshi ahubwo yahise asuka amarira, kwihangana biramunanira kubera uburyo yabonye inzirakarengane zishwe.
Ibyo yakoze
Lucky Dube yakoreye ibitaramo bitandukanye mu Rwanda birimo igitaramo cya FESPAD ndetse n’ibindi yakoraga mu buryo bw’umwimerere. Yaje mu Rwanda inshuro eshatu :muri 1996, muri 2003 ndetse no mu iserukiramuco rya FESPAD ryabaye mu mwaka w’2006 umwaka umwe mbere y’uko atabaruka tariki 18/10/2007.
Lucky Dube yavugaga ko yemera Imana imwe gusa, ku bamuzi neza ntiyanywaga itabi ndetse n’ibindi bisindisha. Yubahaga imyemerere ndetse n’umuco bya buri muntu. Yakundaga kugira ati: “Niba ndi umu rasta, nkumva ko kugira imisatsi itendera (Dreadlocks), kunywa urumogi cyangwa gusinda, mu by’ukuri ntabwo naba ndi umu rasta. Ndi umu rasta niba mfite imyemerere ikwiriye, mbega uwo nkwiriye kuba we utunganye”.
Ibyo yakundaga
Lucky Dube yakundaga kuvuga ko atemeranywa n’abitwa ko basenga ariko bagashyikira ibikorwa by’ihohoterwa. Yakundaga bidasubirwaho umuhanzi w’injyana ya Reggae Bob Marley, dore ko hari ubwo yajyaga ahera ku ndirimbo ze ubwo yaririmbaga mu bitaramo, cyane cyane bitewe n’indirimbo ze nka “One Love” n’izindi zatumaga amukunda, yakundaga kuririmba ashyigikiwe n’abaririmbyi babiri iruhande rwe nk’uko Bob Marley yabigenzaga.
Umwanda wo mu mazi (Water pollution)
Inkomoko y’umwanda w’amazi ni isoko y’amasoko cyangwa isoko idahwitse. Inkomoko y'ingingo ifite impamvu imwe yamenyekana, nk'umuyaga w'amazi, uruganda rutunganya amazi mabi cyangwa isuka rya peteroli. Inkomoko zidafite aho zihurira ni nyinshi, nko gutemba mu buhinzi. Umwanda nigisubizo cyingaruka ziterwa nigihe. Umwanda urashobora gufata ibintu byuburozi (urugero, amavuta, ibyuma, plastiki, imiti yica udukoko, imyanda ihumanya ibidukikije, imyanda iva mu nganda), ibintu bitesha umutwe (urugero, ihinduka rya pH, hypoxia cyangwa anoxia, ubushyuhe bwiyongereye, umuvuduko mwinshi, ihinduka ryumunyu ), cyangwa kwinjiza ibinyabuzima bitera indwara. Abanduye barashobora gushiramo ibintu kama nibidasanzwe. Impamvu ikunze gutera umwanda ni ugukoresha amazi nkigikonjesha n’inganda n’inganda.
Ubusobanuro
Igisobanuro gifatika cy’umwanda w’amazi ni: "Guhumanya amazi ni ukongeramo ibintu cyangwa imbaraga zingufu zihindura mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa butaziguye imiterere y’amazi y’amazryo bigira ingaruka mbi ku mikorei ku bushereze yemewe". : 6 Kubwibyo, umwanda ujyanye nibitekerezo byitirirwa abantu, aribyo guhindura nabi no gukoresha umubiri wamazi. Amazi akunze kwitwa umwanda iyo yangijwe na antropogeneque. Bitewe nibi bihumanya ntibishobora gushyigikira ikoreshwa ryabantu, nkamazi yo kunywa, cyangwa bigahinduka cyane mubushobozi bwayo bwo gutera inkunga ibinyabuzima byacyo, nkamafi.
Indwara Ziterwa namazi yanduye
Amatsinda yingenzi yibinyabuzima bitera ni: (a) bagiteri, (b) virusi, (c) protozoans na (d) helminths. : 47 Mubikorwa, ibinyabuzima byerekana ibimenyetso byifashishwa mu gukora ubushakashatsi ku ihumana ry’amazi kuko kumenya ibinyabuzima bitera indwara mu cyitegererezo cy’amazi biragoye kandi birahenze, kubera ubwinshi bwabyo. Ibipimo ( ibimenyetso bya bagiteri ) byerekana kwanduza fecal urugero rwamazi akunze gukoreshwa ni: coliforme yuzuye (TC), fecal coliforms (FC) cyangwa colmiforme ya termotolerant, E. coli.
Indwara ya virusi irashobora kubyara indwara zandurira mumazi haba mubantu cyangwa inyamaswa. Rimwe na rimwe mikorobe iboneka mu mazi yanduye yanduye yateje ibibazo byubuzima bwabantu harimo: Burkholderia pseudomallei , Cryptosporidium parvum , Giardia lamblia , Salmonella , norovirus nizindi virusi, inyo parasitike zirimo ubwoko bwa Schistosoma.
Uwera Aline
Uwera Aline umukinnyi mu mukino w'igare, ubarizwa mu ikipe ya Bugesera cycling club akaba yarabaye uwa mbere mu bangavu mu irushanwa rya Kibugabuga race.
AMASHAKIRO
Ikiciro:Rwanda Ikiciro:Igare Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa magare Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda Ikiciro:Amarushanwa ku igare
Ivan Bukenya
thumb|Ivan Bukenya Ivan Bukenya (wavutse 1 Ugushyingo 1991) ni umukinnyi ukina umupira w'amaguru ukomoka muri Uganda. Bukenya yahoze akinira FC Linkoping City, na Erbil FC muri Iraki, Abayobozi ba Kaizer muri Afurika y'Epfo na Bengal y'Iburasirazuba FC yo mu Buhinde.
Umwuga wa ikipe
Bukenya yatangiye urugendo rwe rw'umupira w'amaguru muri Nyakanga 2007 ubwo yasuraga Rio Ferdinand. Yakiniraga ikipe ya Coca-Cola y'ahisemo urubyiruko rwatojwe na Mike Mutebi hamwe na Ibrahim Juma, Andrew Buteera na Dennis Guma aho bakinanye n'abasore ba Proline FC. Kuba ku ruhande rwa Coca-Cola byari ukwemeza inyenyeri igenda ikura ari Bukenya kandi yaje gusinyira ikipe yo muri shampiyona ya Uganda. Ferdinand yashimishijwe cyane n'impano zerekanwa kugirango akore muri Proline y'abato, Bukenya yari mu rwego rwo kujya mu Bwongereza no gukina imikino n’impande z’ishuri rya Manchester na West Ham  mu Kwakira uwo mwaka. Yatsinze ibitego burigihe muri shampiyona ya Uganda  kandi yagaragajwe nk’iterabwoba mu kirere mu gihe cyo gutera imigeri no ku busa kuri Proline FC. Umukino wa Bukenya gusoma hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo kwimurira umupira hejuru cyane twavuga ko ari imwe mu mbaraga zikomeye mu ikipe ya Mujib Kasule, aho yaciye.
Reba
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Uganda
Gael Faye
Umuhanzi w’Umunyarwanda wavukiye mu Uburundi mu mwaka 1982, se ni Umufaransa nyina akaba Umunyarwandakazi. Muri Mata mu mwaka 2014 yaje kwifatanya n’Abanyarwanda mu kwibuka abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu mwaka 1994. Garl afite indirimbo ’Petit Pays’ avugamo uRwanda n’Uburundi.
Amateka
Gaël Faye ni umuhanzi umaze kubaka izina mu kuririmba, kwandika ibitabo no mu ruganda rwa sinema by’umwihariko ku Mugabane w’u Burayi cyane cyane mu Bufaransa. Yerekeje i Paris afite imyaka 13 nyuma aza gutura mu Rwanda amaze kurushinga. Ni n’umwanditsi w’ibitabo akaba ari we wanditse agatabo kakomotseho filime ‘Petit Pays’ kamuhesheje ibihembo bitandukanye mu mwaka 2016 no mu mwaka 2017.
Ibyerekeye filime yanditse
Iyi filime ishingiye ku nkuru y’ubuzima bw’umwana Gaël Faye wavukiye mu Uburundi abyarwa n’umunyarwandakazi w’impunzi n’umuzungu w’Umufaransa. Uwo mwana avuga uko yabonaga ubuzima muri icyo gihe n’ibibazo by’amoko y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi. Nyuma y’ingendo za mbere z’ibitaramo uhereye igihe Covid-19 yadukiye, Gaël Faye yagiranye ikiganiro kirambuye na Jeune Afrique agaruka ku ngingo zitandukanye zirebana n’ibibera mu Karere muri iki gihe.
References
Ikiciro:Umuhanzi Ikiciro:Umunyarwanda
Benediction Ignite
Benediction Ignite n' imwe mu ikipe zikina zikoresheje amagare, ikaba arimwe mu makipe azahatanira irushanwa rikomeye mu gihugu-Tour du Rwanda nandi marushanwa aba mugihugu no hanze yacyo kuko ari mumakipe yemewe na UCI, bamwe mu bakinnyi ikoresha ni :  Areruya Joseph,  Byukusenge Patrick,  Munyaneza Didier,  Manizabayo Eric, Nzafashwanayo Jean Claude, Nkurunziza Ivan na Gahemba Bernabe.
AMASHAKIRO
Ikiciro:Rwanda Ikiciro:Igare Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa magare Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda Ikiciro:Amarushanwa ku igare
Umwamikazi Djazila
Umwamikazi Djazila umukinnyi mu mukino w'igare, ubarizwa mu ikipe ya Les Amis Sportif yi Rwamagana akaba yarabaye uwa kabili mu bangavu mu irushanwa rya Kibugabuga race aho yahembwe ibihumbi 80 Frw.
AMASHAKIRO
Ikiciro:Rwanda Ikiciro:Igare Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa magare Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda Ikiciro:Amarushanwa ku igare
Amazi muri Afrika
right|thumb|300x300px| Mu bihugu byinshi byo muri Afurika, amabati ya jerry akoreshwa mu gutwara no kubika amazi ni uburyo bwiza bwo kubika neza Amazi muri Afurika ni ikibazo cyingenzi gikubiyemo amasoko, gukwirakwiza no gukoresha ubukungu umutungo wamazi kumugabane. Muri rusange, Afurika ifite hafi 9% by'amazi meza ku isi na 16% by'abatuye isi. Mu nzuzi zayo harimo Congo, Nili, Zambezi, Niger n'ikiyaga cya Victoria, gifatwa nk'ikiyaga cya kabiri kinini ku isi. Nyamara umugabane niwo wa kabiri wumye ku isi, aho miliyoni z'Abanyafurika ziracyafite ikibazo cyo kubura amazi umwaka wose. thumb|247x247px| Abana babiri bato muri Kameruni banywa amacupa y'amazi ya plastike. Mu bice bya Afurika, aho ibikorwa remezo byizewe by’isuku bidahari, abaturage benshi bashingira ku macupa cyangwa amazi meza yatwarwa mu bundi buryo, nk’amasakoshi y’amazi. Ibi akenshi bivamo umwanda wa pulasitike nta gutunganya neza plastiki cyangwa gukusanya imyanda Uku kubura guterwa nibibazo byo gukwirakwiza kutaringaniye, ubwiyongere bwabaturage no gucunga nabi ibikoresho bihari. Rimwe na rimwe, hari umubare muto wabantu baba aho hari amazi menshi. Urugero, 30 ku ijana by'amazi yo ku mugabane wa Afurika ari mu kibaya cya Kongo gituwe gusa 10 ku ijana by'abatuye Afurika. Hariho itandukaniro rikomeye muburyo bwimvura igaragara ahantu hamwe nigihe. Hariho kandi igipimo kinini cyo guhumeka mu bice bimwe na bimwe by'akarere bigatuma habaho ijanisha rito ry'imvura ahantu nk'aha. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, hari itandukaniro rikomeye hagati y’umwaka n’imbere y’imiterere y’imiterere y’ikirere n’amazi, ku buryo mu gihe uturere tumwe na tumwe dufite amazi ahagije, Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara ihura n’ibibazo byinshi bifitanye isano n’amazi bibangamira iterambere ry’ubukungu kandi bikabangamira imibereho y’abaturage bayo. . Ubuhinzi bwo muri Afurika bushingiye ahanini ku buhinzi bugaburirwa n’imvura, kandi munsi y’ubutaka buhingwa ku mugabane wa 10%. Ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere n’imihindagurikire iragaragara cyane. Isoko nyamukuru y'amashanyarazi ni hydropower, igira uruhare runini mubushobozi bwashyizwemo ingufu. Urugomero rwa Kainji ni umutungo w'amashanyarazi usanzwe utanga amashanyarazi mu mijyi minini yose yo muri Nijeriya ndetse n'igihugu baturanye, Nigeriya. Niyo mpamvu, ishoramari rihoraho mu myaka icumi ishize, ryongereye ingufu zituruka
Gukemura ibibazo by’amazi y’ingufu n’umutekano w’ibiribwa bibangamiwe n’ibitagenda neza mu bikorwa remezo by’amazi, iterambere, n’ubushobozi bwo gucunga kugira ngo abaturage babashe kwiyongera vuba. Ibi byiyongereyeho kuba Afrika ifite igipimo cyimijyi yihuta kwisi. Iterambere ry’amazi n’imicungire biragoye cyane kubera ubwinshi bwumutungo w’amazi arenga imipaka (inzuzi, ibiyaga n’amazi). Hafi ya 75% bya Afrika yo munsi yubutayu bwa Sahara biri mubice 53 by’ibibaya by’imigezi byambukiranya imipaka myinshi. Izi mbogamizi zihariye nazo zirashobora guhinduka mumahirwe mugihe ubushobozi bwubufatanye bwambukiranya imipaka bwakoreshejwe mugutezimbere umutungo wamazi yakarere. Isesengura ry’imirenge myinshi y’umugezi wa Zambezi, urugero, ryerekana ko ubufatanye bw’inzuzi bushobora gutuma 23% by’umusaruro w’ingufu ziyongera nta shoramari ry’inyongera. Inzego nyinshi n’inzego zemewe n’ubufatanye bw’imipaka zirahari, nk’Ubuyobozi bw’Uruzi rwa Zambezi, Amasezerano y’umuryango w’iterambere ry’Afurika yepfo (SADC), Ubuyobozi bw’Uruzi rwa Volta na Komisiyo y’ikibaya cya Nili. Icyakora, harasabwa izindi mbaraga kugira ngo turusheho guteza imbere ubushake bwa politiki, hamwe n’ubushobozi bw’imari n’inzego zikenewe mu bikorwa by’amakoperative yunguka-inyungu hamwe n’ibisubizo byiza ku nkombe zose.
Aho amazi Aturuka
right|thumb|300x300px| Ikibaya cya Congo nicyo kibaya cya kabiri kinini ku isi kibamo imigezi irenga 12% byumugabane wa Afrika
Amazi yo munsi y'ubutaka
thumb| Kanda rusange (standpost) yo kunywa amazi muri Soweto, Johannesburg, Afrika yepfo. Gicurasi 2005 Amazi yo mu butaka agira uruhare runini mu gukomeza gutanga amazi n’imibereho muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara cyane cyane kubera kuboneka kwinshi, muri rusange ubuziranenge bwo hejuru, ndetse n’ubushobozi bw’imbere bwo gukumira ibice by’amapfa no kongera imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Nyamara hari amasoko make ahari yo gutanga amazi meza yo kunywa muri Afurika, bumwe mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2007 bwerekanye ko Abanyafurika barenga 40% bakoresha amazi y’ubutaka nk’isoko nyamukuru y’amazi yo kunywa, cyane cyane mu bihugu byo muri Afurika y’Amajyaruguru n’Amajyepfo.
Amazi meza aracyari isoko yingenzi yo kunywa amazi (39%) mumijyi, nyamara ibyobo bigenda biba ngombwa (24%). OMS (2006) yavuze ko, mu 2004, abantu 16% bonyine bo muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara ari bo babonaga amazi yo kunywa binyuze mu rugo (igikoni cyo mu nzu cyangwa igikanda mu gikari). Ndetse iyo hari amazi ahari aha hantu, usanga haboneka amazi meza yo kunywa byoroshye kuko hari ingaruka zo kwandura bitewe nimpamvu nyinshi. Ibintu nko gufata nabi bitewe nubushobozi buke bwimari, umwanda nisuku nke rimwe na rimwe bitewe nubushobozi buke bwamafaranga. Iyo amariba yubatswe kandi hagashyirwaho ibikoresho by’isuku y’amazi, rimwe na rimwe gupima ubuziranenge bw’amazi ntibikorwa kenshi nkibikenewe, no kubura uburezi mubantu bakoresha isoko y'amazi
Ubuhinzi buterwa inkunga n'abaturage
thumb|urusobe rw'imbuto
Abafatabuguzi bakira agasanduku k'icyumweru cyangwa kabiri-icyumweru cy'umusaruro cyangwa ibindi bicuruzwa. Ibi birimo imbuto, imboga, kandi birashobora kwaguka kubicuruzwa byumye, amagi, amata, inyama, nibindi. Ubusanzwe, abahinzi bagerageza gutsimbataza umubano nabafatabuguzi bohereza amabaruwa ya buri cyumweru yibibera kumurima, kubatumira gusarura, cyangwa gukora ibirori byo guhinga. CSA zimwe zitanga imisanzu yumurimo mu mwanya wigice cyamafaranga yo kwiyandikisha.
Ijambo CSA rikoreshwa cyane muri Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika na Kanada, ariko uburyo butandukanye busa nubuso butandukanye hamwe nubukungu bukoreshwa kwisi yose,
Amateka
Ijambo "ubuhinzi bushyigikiwe n’abaturage" ryahimbwe mu majyaruguru y’amajyaruguru y’Amerika mu myaka ya za 1980, ryatewe n’ibitekerezo by'ubuhinzi bw'ubunyabuzima by’iburayi byashyizweho na Rudolf Steiner. Abahinzi babiri b’abanyaburayi, Jan Vander Tuin ukomoka mu Busuwisi na Trauger Groh ukomoka mu Budage, bazanye Amerika muri Amerika ibitekerezo by’ubuhinzi bw’ibinyabuzima mu myaka ya za 1980.. Izi ngaruka zatumye habaho CSAs zitandukanye kandi icyarimwe. Ubusitani bwa CSA ahitwa Great Barrington bwakozwe muri Massachusetts na Jan Vander Tuin, Susan Witt, na Robyn Van En. Isambu y'Urusengero-Wilton yashinzwe muri New Hampshire na Anthony Graham, Trauger Groh, na Lincoln Geiger. alt=Field of lettuce and other vegetables at Mustard Seed Farms, an organic CSA in Oregon|thumb| Imirima y'imbuto ya sinapi, umurima wa CSA muri Oregon Ubusitani bwa CSA kuri Great Barrington bwagumye hamwe kugeza 1990 ubwo abanyamuryango benshi bavaga gushinga Mahaiwe Ibisarurwa CSA. Umwe mu bashinze umwimerere, Robyn Van En, yagize uruhare rukomeye mu mutwe wa CSA muri Amerika maze ashinga CSA Amerika y'Amajyaruguru mu 1992. Ubusitani bw'urusengero-Wilton bwagenze neza kandi buracyakora nka CSA muri iki gihe.
Mu Buyapani nko hagati ya 1960. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, Dr. Booker T. Whatley, umwarimu w’ubuhinzi muri Alabama, yunganiraga clubs z’abanyamuryango ba Clientele guhera mu myaka ya za 1960.
Kuva mu myaka ya za 1980, imirima ifasha abaturage yateguwe muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru - cyane cyane mu Bwongereza bushya, Amajyaruguru y'Uburengerazuba, inyanja ya pasifika, Upper-Midwest na Kanada. Amerika ya ruguru ubu ifite nibura imirima 13.000 ya CSA muri yo 12.549 iri muri Amerika nk'uko ishami rishinzwe ubuhinzi muri amerika yabitangaje mu 2007. Ubwiyongere bwa CSAs busa nkaho bufitanye isano no kongera ubumenyi bwimikorere y’ibidukikije muri Amerika. Kimwe mu byandikwa cyane CSAs ni Capay Inc mu gace ka Capay Valley, muri Californiya aho mu mwaka wa 2010 yatangaga agasanduku ku bakiriya 13.000 mu cyumweru kimwe no kugurisha ku masoko 15 y’abahinzi, gukora iduka ricuruza, no gutanga ibicuruzwa bidasanzwe muri resitora.
ishami ifite icyicaro mu Bufaransa, rifasha guhuza abaguzi n'abayikora mu Burayi, Mediterane, na Afurika y'Iburengerazuba.
CSA mu Bushinwa. Babaye imbaraga zikomeye mu iterambere ry’ubuhinzi-mwimerere n’ibidukikije mu Bushinwa. Abahinzi, abashakashatsi n’imiryango itegamiye kuri leta mu Bushinwa bateranira buri mwaka mu nama nyunguranabitekerezo ya CSA yabaye kuva mu 2009.
Mpuzamahanga
Mu Budage no muri Otirishiya amatsinda ya CSA yashinze Bundesnetzwerk Solidarische Landwirtschaft (Federal Network of CSA-imirima) mu 2011.
Icyitegererezo cy'imibereho n'ubukungu
CSA itanga umubano utaziguye hagati yabatunganya n'abaguzi binyuze mu masoko asanzwe. Intego z'icyitegererezo cya mbere cya CSA muri Amerika kwari ukugira ngo uwukora n'abaguzi binjire ku isoko bingana kandi bahanahana ibiciro byiza n'umushahara ukwiye.
Abahinzi bakora muri CSA babikora kugirango bagere ku ntego uretse kwinjiza kandi ntibahabwa ingurane ikwiye muri ubwo buryo bwo kungurana ibitekerezo. Ubu bwoko bwisoko bufite " ubukode bw'ubukungu " aho amafaranga asagutse yabaguzi aturuka kubushake bwabaguzi bwo kwishyura ikintu kirenze ibicuruzwa kimwe nibicuruzwa ubwabyo.
Sisitemu ya CSA
Muri rusange CSA yibanda ku musaruro w’ibiribwa byujuje ubuziranenge ku baturage baho,hamwe n’abanyamuryango bahura n’ingaruka - Ubu bwoko bw'ubuhinzi bukorana uruhare runini rw’uruhare rw’abaguzi n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa kuruta uko byari bisanzwe - bikavamo umubano ukomeye n’abaguzi. Sisitemu ifite itandukaniro ryinshi kuburyo ingengo yimirima ishyigikirwa nabaguzi nuburyo abayikora noneho batanga ibiryo. Igitekerezo cya CSA gisobanura ko uko umurima wakira umurima wose, inkunga yingengo yimari yose, niko ushobora kwibanda ku bwiza no kugabanya ingaruka z’imyanda.
Imiterere
ubwoko bune bwingenzi bwa CSA bwatejwe imbere:
Itsinda ry'ibanze ry'abanyamuryango ryabayeho. Iri tsinda ryibanze ryabanyamuryango ryafashe gufata ibyemezo bijyanye no kuyobora CSA harimo kwamamaza, gukwirakwiza, ubuyobozi, nibikorwa byumuryango. mu 1999, 72 ku ijana bya CSA ntabwo bari bafite itsinda ryibanze ryabanyamuryango.
Ingengabitekerezo
CSA yumwimerere hamwe na CSA zindi zigezweho ziracyafite icyerekezo cya filozofiya, CSA nyinshi muri iki gihe zishingiye ku bucuruzi kandi ubuhinzi buterwa inkunga n’abaturage bugaragara nk’ingamba nziza zo kwamamaza. Ibi byatumye habaho ubwoko butatu bushingiye kubitekerezo bya CSAs. Ubwoko bwa mbere ni ingirakamaro, CSA ifatwa nkisoko muburyo gakondo, aho kuba ubundi buryo bwubukungu nubusabane. Ubwoko bwa kabiri burakora; hari isano y'ubufatanye hagati yumuhinzi nabafatabuguzi, ariko ibi bigera ahanini mubikorwa byimibereho, ntabwo ari ibikorwa byubuyobozi cyangwa ubuyobozi. Ubu ni ubwoko busanzwe bwa CSA. Ubwoko bwa nyuma burafatanya; iyi niyo yegereye intego zambere za CSAs aho umubano hagati yumuhinzi nabafatabuguzi ugaragara nkubufatanye.
Shamim Nabuuma Kaliisa
Shamim Nabuuma Kaliisa n’umuyobozi mukuru wa Chil Artificial Intelligence Lab
Ubuhinzi buterwa inkunga n'abaturage
Uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza no kwamamaza
Mu myaka yashize, imigabane yagiye itandukana kandi ikubiyemo ibicuruzwa bidatanga umusaruro birimo amagi, inyama, indabyo, ubuki, amata nisabune. Ibiciro byimigabane biratandukanye kuri CSA na CSA. Imigabane igurishwa nkimigabane yuzuye, igaburira abantu 2 kugeza kuri 5, nigice cyimigabane, igaburira abantu 1 kugeza kuri 3. Ibiciro biri hagati y $ 200 kugeza $ 500 muri buri gihembwe. Imigabane yuzuye igurishwa hagati ya $ 400 naho igice kimwe kigurishwa hagati ya $ 250. Ibiciro byimigabane ahanini bigenwa nigiciro cyo hejuru cyumusaruro
Shamim Nabuuma Kaliisa
Shamim Nabuuma Kaliisa ni technopreneur yavukiye muri Uganda, afite amateka mu bijyanye n'ubuvuzi. Yashinze isosiyete ya Chil Artificial Intelligence Lab kubera ishyaka n'uburambe ku giti cye nyuma yo kubura nyina wahitanwe na kanseri y'inkondo y'umura ubwo yari afite imyaka 13.
Ubuhinzi buterwa inkunga n'abaturage
Uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza no kwamamaza
CSA nyinshi zemerera imigabane gufata kumurima. Umugabane utangwa kandi binyuze mu guta akarere, guta urugo cyangwa ibiro, amasoko y'abahinzi, hamwe n’umuganda / guta amatorero. Kurugero, "Isoko rishya rya Farmie" ryo mu majyaruguru ya New York rifata ibyemezo kumurongo kandi bifite abahinzi benshi bohereza ibicuruzwa byicyumweru murwego rwagati mukarere gato.
Shamim Nabuuma Kaliisa
Icyifuzo cya nyuma cya nyina kwari ukugira ngo umukobwa we abe umuganga kandi akorere aho atuye kandi yongere serivisi z'abagore babuze serivisi zingenzi zo gusuzuma. Shamin rero yiyemeje kubikora, nyamara mu mwaka wa kabiri w'ubuvuzi, amenya ko arwaye kanseri y'ibere.
Ubuhinzi buterwa inkunga n'abaturage
Inzitizi ku bahinzi
Abahinzi benshi ba CSA barashobora kubyaza umusaruro umubano wa hafi hagati yabakiriya nibiribwa byabo, kubera ko abakiriya bamwe bazishyura byinshi niba bazi aho biva, ninde ubifitemo uruhare, na bafite uburyo bwihariye bwo kuyigeraho. Icyakora, abahinzi bamwe bitabira ubuhinzi buterwa inkunga n’abaturage ntibabona inyungu z’ubukungu babona ko bazabona bitabira ubundi buryo bushingiye ku baturage. Ubu bushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abahinzi bashobora kwishyuza amafaranga make ugereranije n’ibyo bakeneye kugira ngo babone umushahara ukwiye bitewe no kudaha agaciro amafaranga yabo no kugabanya ibicuruzwa byinshi by’ibicuruzwa bya CSA kandi bikorohereza abakiriya; reba ubukungu bw'imyitwarire.
Shamim Nabuuma Kaliisa
Ibihembo
Shamim ni we wegukanye igihembo cya Forbes nyafurika cy’urubyiruko rw’urubyiruko Icon Award 2023, yiswe Bloomberg New Economy Catalyst kandi yagaragaye kuri Forbes 30 Abatarengeje imyaka 30.
Guhumanya ikirere(Air pollution)
thumb|Guhumanya ikirere kiva mu ziko thumb|2016 Ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ibidukikije - amabara yoroshye afite politiki nziza y’ibidukikije. Guhumanya ikirere ni kwanduza ikirere bitewe no kuba hari ibintu byangiza ikirere byangiza ubuzima bw’abantu n’ibindi binyabuzima, cyangwa bikangiza ikirere cyangwa ibikoresho. Nukwanduza no murugo cyangwa hanze kuzengurutse haba mubikorwa bya shimi, ibintu byumubiri cyangwa ibinyabuzima bihindura ibintu biranga ikirere. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwimyuka ihumanya ikirere, nka gaze (harimo ammoniya, monoxide ya karubone, dioxyde de sulfure, okiside ya nitrous, metani, dioxyde de carbone na chlorofluorocarbone ), uduce (haba kama n’ibinyabuzima), na molekile y’ibinyabuzima. Ihumana ry’ikirere rishobora gutera abantu indwara, allergie, ndetse n’urupfu ku bantu; irashobora kandi kwangiza ibindi binyabuzima nkibikoko n’ibihingwa by’ibiribwa, kandi irashobora kwangiza ibidukikije (urugero, imihindagurikire y’ikirere, kugabanuka kwa ozone cyangwa kwangirika kw'imiturire ) cyangwa ibidukikije byubatswe (urugero, imvura ya aside ). Guhumanya ikirere birashobora guterwa nibikorwa byabantu nibintu bisanzwe.
Ubwiza bw’ikirere bufitanye isano rya hafi n’ikirere cy’isi n’ibinyabuzima ku isi. benshi mu bagize uruhare mu guhumanya ikirere nabo ni isoko y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ni ukuvuga gutwika amavuta y’ibimera.
References
thumb|Kugenzura gutwika umurima hanze ya Statesboro, Jeworujiya, mu rwego rwo kwitegura gutera thumb|Kunywa itabi hejuru yumuriro ufunguye muri Gana, 2018
Munyanshoza dieudonne
= Ubuzima bwite = Munyanshoza Dieudonne yavutse ku wa 25 Nzeri mu mwaka 1975 yavukiye ahitwa Kimbogo mu ntara y'iburengerazuba, yize amashuri abanza i Mibirizi, nyuma ahabwa amahugurwa y'ububaji mu kigo cya Kibogora. atangira kubikora nk'umwuga mu mwaka 1989.
Mu mwaka 1993 nibwo yinjiye mu gisirikare cy'Inkotanyi afite imyaka 17 y'Amavuko. aza gusezererwa mu mwaka 2016 kubera imyaka y'ubukure
Munyanshoza Dieudonne ubu arubatse afite umugore n'abana
= Amashakiro = Ikiciro:Umuhanzi Ikiciro:Umunyarwanda
Thobo Khathola
Thobo ni umuturage wa Botswana, akaba ariwe washinze Kampani ya Lion tutorial technology ikoreshwa cyane mu burezi mu igihugu cya Botswana.
Amateka
Urugendo rwo kwihangira imirimo rwa Thobo rwatangiye muri 2015, nyuma yuburambe nkumwarimu wabanyeshuri ba kaminuza. Thobo yari ashishikajwe no kuzamura igipimo cy’abanyeshuri muri Botswana, bityo atangira gukora kuva muri boot yimodoka ye murugo rwababyeyi be kugirango atange serivise zo kwigisha urubyiruko muri Botswana. Yatangije Lion Tutoring, ikora nka 'Uber kubarezi' none ifite ibiro muri Botswana na Afrika yepfo. Ikimutera imbaraga ni ukunoza uburyo bwo kwiga no kuzamura amanota y'abanyeshuri mu gihugu cye ndetse no ku mugabane wose.
Thobo yavuzwe mu gitabo cy’imigabane ya Botswana nk'umwe mu ba rwiyemezamirimo ba mbere mu rubyiruko bagomba kureba. Yagizwe kandi umwe mu rubyiruko 30 rwa mbere rukomeye muri Botswana n'ikinyamakuru cy'urubyiruko cya Botswana.
Ishakiro
Ikiciro:Afurika Ikiciro:Botswana Ikiciro:Iterambere rya Afurica Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n'isakazabumenyi mu majyambere Ikiciro:Uburezi
Kombucha
Kombucha, Bamwe banayita kambuca. Iki kinyobwa cyabaye gikwira bamwe bati ni umuti, abandi bati itera akanyabugabo mu buriri, n’ibindi byinshi biyisingiza.
Imiterere
Mu bindi bihugu bayita icyayi (tea). Nta mugayo kuko ibyo ikorwamo by’ibanze harimo amajyani y’icyayi.
Mbere yo gukora kombucha uba ufite icyitwa ikinyabuzima. Icyo kinyabuzima ni uruvange rwa bagiteri n’imiyege (bacteria and yeasts /bacteries et champignons).
Nyuma yo gucanira amajyani n’isukari, uvanga na cya kinyabuzima ugatereka (ugatara).
Nyuma y’igihe runaka gihera ku cyumweru kuzamura, uramimina ugasigarana ikinyabuzima cyawe na kombucha.
Ibiyikoze
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwerekanye ko kombucha iba irimo:
Vinegar (vinaigre)
Vitamins B zitandukanye
Caffeine nyinshi bitewe na ya majyani
Alukolo igenda yiyongera uko uyibika igihe. Ubu muri USA bayishyize mu byo kunywa bisembuye kuko iyo bakiyarura iba ifite 0.5% alukolo. Kandi iba yatunganyirijwe mu ruganda. Mbwira rero zimwe zo mu ngunguru uko biba byifashe!
Ibindi binyabutabire byinshi binyuranye (chemical compounds/composés chimiques)
Imiyege na bagiteri biba muri kambuca
Yaba ari umuti?
Oya rwose peeee!! Nubwo kubyemeza uwayinyoye bigoye, gusa kombucha nta ndwara n’imwe bizwi ko ivura cyangwa irinda.
Icyakora, kuko n’umunywi w’itabi akubwira ibyiza byaryo kandi akanaguha ubuhamya, ntitwahakana ko abayinywa ntacyo ibamarira kuko inarimo utuvitamini.