cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
SIDA
Ubumenyi n'ubucukumbuzi bujyanye na Virusi
Virusi itera SIDA ubu yamenyekanye ko ikwirakwira iciye mu basirikare barinda umubiri bawuha ubudahangarwa ba "CD4 + T" biciye mu nzira ebyiri zibangikanye: gukwirakwiza mu imbere muri "cells" ubwayo aribyo byitwa "cell-free spread" cyangwa gukwirakwizwa yanduza za "cells" zitandukanye ku bwinshi ari nabyo byitwa "cell-to-cell spread". Mu gukwirakwiza biciye mu buryo bwa "cell-free spread" virusi ziva mu ngirabuzimafatizo "virus particles bud" zituruka mu basirikare banduye ba "T cells", zinjira mu maraso/nandi matembabuzi avanze namaraso hanyuma zikanduza utundi dusirikare turinda umubiri kwandura twa "T cells" uko zijyenda zihura nazo gutyo gutyo kugeza zikwirakwiye mu mubiri hose. Iri kwirakwizwa rya virusi mu mubiri uko rigenda ryikoramo kopi nyinshi biri mu bintu birwanya bigaca inege imiti n'ubuvuzi bujyanye no kuvura amavirusi
HABIMANA Jean de Dieu
thumb|HABIMANA Jean Dieu n'inzobere mubyubwubatsi bw'amashuri mu Karere ka Gakenke. HABIMANA Jean Dieu School Construction Engineer in Gakenke District Bsc in Civil Engineering From National University of Rwanda Born on 8th/10/1983 in Cyabingo sector/Gakenke District From 1990 to 1999 Kamisave Primary School From 1999 to 2002 O' level Kagogo Secondary School From 2002 to 2005 A' level in Math-Phys at Musanze Sciences School From 15/04/2006- 2/10/2006 Teacher of physics and mathematics in Kagogo Secondary school From January 2007 to September 2007 EPLM In National University of Rwanda From January 2008 to October 2011 Applied Sciences in National University of Rwanda where I got bsc in Civil Engineering from December 2012 to July 2015 work in Rwanda Education Board as school Construction Engineer in Burera District under contract From October 2015 to August 2016 work in Burera District as School Construction Engineer under Contract From 1/09/2016 up now work in Gakenke  District as School Construction Engineer under status
SIDA
Ubumenyi n'ubucukumbuzi bujyanye na Virusi
Ubwoko bubiri bwa virusi itera sida bwaranzwe na virusi y'ubwoko bwitwa "VIH-1" na "VIH-2". Virusi ya "VIH-1" ni virusi yavumbuwe bwa mbere (kandi yabanje kwitwa "LAV" cyangwa "HTLV-III"). Ni virusi ifite ubukana kandi yandura cyane, kandi niyo nyirabayazana w'ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA ku isi yose ugereranije na virusi yo mu bwoko bwa "VIH-2" izwiho kwandurwa n'abantu bake. Kubera ubushobozi buke ugereranije bwo kwandura, ubwoko bwa virusi ya "VIH-2" igarukira muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba.
Itegeko ngenga rirengera ibidukikije mu Rwanda
b.​Ikibaya ni ahantu harambuye harangwamo amazi make n’igabanuka ry’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima;
Umusigiti wa Abuja Collage
thumb|Abuja Collage mosque thumb|Umusigiti wa Abuja collage Umusigiti wa Abuja collage (izina mu Icyongereza: Abuja Collage Mosque) mu igihugu cya Nijeriya
SIDA
Indwara ya Pathophysiology
Iyo virusi imaze kwinjira mu mubiri habaho igihe cyo gutubuka kwayo zikaba nyinshi mu buryo bwo kujyenda zikoramo kopi nyinshi byihuse, biganisha kuri virusi nyinshi mumaraso "VIRAL LOAD". Mu ikubitiro ryo kwandura virusi, urwego rwa virusi itera sida rushobora kugera kuri miliyoni nyinshi za virusi kuri mililitiro yamaraso mu mubiri. Iki gisubizo kijyana nigabanuka ryagaragaye mumibare y'abasirikare barinda umuburi indwara bitwa "CD4 T". Virusi ikomeza kugira ubukana kubera imiterere yayo yo gutuma havuka utundi dusirikare "cells" twitwa "CD8 T" tuza twica burundu twa dusirikare turinda umubiri kutandura indwara tukabyara za "antibody" zirwanya umubiri ziwuca intege, cyangwa "seroconversion". Igisubizo gifatika mu isuzuma ryutwo dusirikare twa "CD8 + T" nicyo cyerekana uko ubwandu bw'indwara bujyenda bugabanyuka cyangwa bwiyongera mu mubiri nubwo bitarinda burundu virusi itera SIDA.
Amaherezo, virusi itera SIDA irwanya ba basirikare barinda umubiri indwara ikajyenda ibica ibagabanya ubwinshi bakaba bakeya mu mubiri "CD4 + T" kugeza ubwo umubiri ubura ubudahangarwa bigatera indwara z'ibyuririzi kwibasira umubiri muburyo buzorohereye. Abasirikare ba "T Cells" ni ingirakamaro mubisubizo byubudahangarwa bw'umubiri kandi bitabaye ibyo, umubiri ntushobora kurwanya indwara cyangwa kwica udusirikare twamaze kuba kanseri mu mubiri. Uburyo abasirikare ba "CD4 + T cells" bagenda bashira mu mubiri bugiye butandukanye yaba mu ikubitiro umubiri ukinjiramo virusi itera SIDA ikikoramo kopi nyinshi ndetse no mu bihe bwo kurwaragurika cyane mu byiciro bitandukanye. Mu cyiciro cy'ibanze cyo kwandura virusi itera SIDA, hifashishwa udusirikare twanduye twabaye kanseri mu mubiri twa "CD8 + T" ari natwo tugira uruhare mu kugabanuka k'udusirikare turinda umubiri twa "CD4 + T", nubwo umubiri ubwawo wabigiramo uruhare mu gihe wirwanaho wica udukoko turi mu mubiri mu buryo bwitwa "apoptose" nayo ishobora kubitera. Iyo virusi ziyongereye mu mubiri; umurwayi akagera mu cyiciro cyo kuremba bikabije no kurwaragurika indwara z'ibyuririzi zitandukanye bituma habaho gutakaza buhoro buhoro ubushobozi bwimikorere yubudahangarwa bwo kubyara abasirikare bashya ba "T cells" ari nabyo bituma bagabanyuka cyane"CD4 + T".
Nubwo ibimenyetso byo kubura ubudahangarwa biranga SIDA bitagaragara imyaka myinshi nyuma yuko umuntu yanduye, igice kinini cyo gutakaza abasirikare ba CD4 + T kibaho mugihe cyicyumweru cya mbere cy'ubwandu, cyane cyane mumitsi yo munda, kibamo uturemangingo turwanya indwara zo mu mubiri twita "lymphocytes" mu mubiri. Impamvu virusi itera SIDA yibanda cyane kuri ako gace ko munda "intestinal mucosa" ni ukubera ko virusi itera SIDA ikora za poroteyine z'ubwoko bwa "CCR5" ikoresha mu kwibasira yinjira ihungabanya abasirikare barinda umubiri indwara ba "CD4 + T" kandi ako gace k'imitsi yo munda kagizwe cyane nizo poroteyine kuruta za poroteyine ziba mu maraso. Imihindagurikire yihariye ihindura imiterere ya za poroteyine za "CCR5" iyo ziboneka mu buryo bwombi bwa "chromosomes" birinda cyane kwandura virusi y'ubwoko bwa VIH-1.
Virusi itera SIDA ishakisha kandi ikarandura byimazeyo CCR5 zigaragaza mudusirikare turinda umubiri twa CD4 + T mu ikubitiro ryo kwandura iyo virusi kuko nibwo iba ifite ubukana bwinshi. Abasirikare barinda umubiri ba CD4 + T ni nako batangira kurwanya iyo virusi itera SIDA ari nako irushaho kubica bikihutisha kujya mu cyiciro cya kabiri cyo kuremba no kurwaragurika buri kanya bidakira "clinical latent phase". Uko virusi itera SIDA irushaho kwikoramo kopi nyinshi ikibasira umubiri wose ni nako umubiri ubura ubudahangarwa kurushaho. Ibyo byose bigateza uruvangitirane rw'ibibazo byo mu mubiri bituma habaho gusohoka kwa "pro-inflammatory cytokines". Ni nabyo ndetse bifitanye isano mu guteza indwara zo munda nk'igifu kubera urububi/igisenge kigize amara gikomeza kujyenda cyangirika cyane iyo habayeho kuremba cyane.
Itegeko ngenga rirengera ibidukikije mu Rwanda
c.​Umubande ni ahantu hari hagati y’imisozi ibiri harangwa isoko y’amazi y’imusozi cyangwa y’ikuzimu;
d.​Igishanga ni ahantu harambuye hagati y’imisozi harimo amazi menshi n’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima hamera urufunzo cyangwa urukangaga cyangwa ibimera byo mu muryango wabyo;
e.​Ahantu hahehereye ni ahantu hagizwe n’imibande,  ibibaya n’ibishanga.
SIDA
Kwipimisha virusi itera SIDA
Abantu benshi banduye virusi itera SIDA bakunze kurangwa n'imisemburo mu mubiri yabo irwanya ibice by'umubiri "antibodies" (ni ukuvuga seroconvert) bibaho mu byumweru bitatu kugeza kuri cumi na bibiri nyuma yo kwandura bwa mbere. Gupima virusi itera sida mbere ya seroconversion bikorwa mugupima HIV-RNA cyangwa p24 antigen. Ibisubizo bigaragaza ubwandu (positive) byabonetse nyuma yo gupima za "antibodies" cyangwa ibizamini bya PCR byemezwa na "antibody" itandukanye cyangwa na PCR.
Itegeko ngenga rirengera ibidukikije mu Rwanda
60 Ahantu nyaburanga ni ahantu hatoranyijwe kubera uburanga kamere bw’aho cyangwa amateka yihariye aharanga.
70  Inyubako karemano ni  ahantu harangwa n’ibintu byiremye bitigeze byubakwa n’umuntu.
B. Ibidukikije biva ku bikorwa bya muntu
Ibidukikije biva ku bikorwa by’umuntu ni imitunganyirize y’ahantu ijyanye n’imibereho ye.
Ruth Ndulu Maingi
Ruth Ndulu Maingi (yavutse 22 Gicurasi 1983), ni umukinnyi wa filime wo muri Kenya. Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime 18 hours,The Distant Boat na Midlife Crisis.
Umusigiti wa Laleli
Umusigiti wa Laleli (izina mu gituruki: Laleli Camii) ni umusigiti i Istanbul muri Turukiya.
Ruth Ndulu Maingi
Ubuzima bwite
Yavutse ku ya 22 Gicurasi 1983 i Machakos, muri Kenya nk'uwa kane mu muryango hamwe na bavandimwe be batandatu. Yize mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Kathiani na Township School Primary School i Machakos. Yarangije impamyabumenyi mu bwishingizi nyuma y'amashuri yisumbuye.
Tayanna
Tayanna (29 Nzeri, 1984, Chernivtsi, USSR)
Ruth Ndulu Maingi
Umwuga
Yatangiye umwuga we wo kubyina. Ariko, nyuma yaje kwimukira mu buhanzi kugira ngo akore umwuga maze yinjira mu ishuri ry’imyidagaduro ry’igihugu cya Kenya imyaka ibiri. Muri 2007, yinjiye mu bitaramo bya Kigezi Ndoto. Hanyuma muri 2008, yimukiye mu Buhinde akinira Sauti Kimya na Githaa.
Muri 2011 yakinnye bwa mbere muri firime na Marshal yo muri Finlande. Muri uwo mwaka, yatoranijwe kugira ngo ayobore muri televiziyo Lies that Bind, byatangiye kuri televiziyo. Muri uruhererekane, yakinnye 'Salome', umugore wa gatatu n'urukundo nyarwo rwa Richard Juma, n'umugore wa gatatu. Noneho muri 2013, yakinnye mu ikinamico izwi cyane ya Swahili Mama Duka afite uruhare runini. Ku ruhare rwe, yaje guhabwa icyubahiro muri 2014 Magic Magic Viewers Choice Awards 2014.
Yagize uruhare runini nk'umutoza muri serivise ya tereviziyo The Team, hamwe na Media Focus kuri Afrika yakozwe na Dreamcatcher. Muri 2014, yakinnye muri firime ebyiri: The Next African Film Maker na Orphan. Muri 2018, yakinnye bwa mbere muri Nollywood muri firime Family First iyobowe na Lancelot Imasuen.
references
Ikiciro:Abanyakenya Ikiciro:Filimi Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime Ikiciro:Afurika
SIDA
Kwipimisha virusi itera SIDA
Gusuzuma no gupima "antibody" ku bana bari munsi y'amezi 18 bikunze gutanga ibisubizo bitari bya nyabyo kubera za "antibodies" bakomora ku babyeyi babo ziba zikiri mu mibiri yabo bana. Kubw'izo mpamvu, ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA bishobora gupimwa gusa hifashishije gupima PCR za HIV-RNA cyangwa ADN, cyangwa binyuze mu gupima antigen p24. Henshi ku isi hari icyuho n'ibura ry'ibikoresho bihagije byo gupima ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA hifashishijwe agakoresho ka PCR yizewe, kandi abantu mu bihugu byinshi bitishoboye bategereza kugeza ibimenyetso byigaragaje cyangwa umwana akuze bihagije kugirango bapimwe neza za "antibody". Muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara hagati ya 2007 na 2009, abaturage bari hagati ya 30% na 70% bari bafite amakuru ahagije kuri virusi itera SIDA. Muri 2009, hagati ya 3,6% na 42% by'abagabo n'abagore bo mu bihugu byo munsi y'ubutayu bwa Sahara nibo babashije kwisuzumisha; ibi byagaragaje ubwiyongere bugaragara ugereranije nimyaka yashize.
Ibyiciro
Uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura bukoreshwa mu gushyira mu byiciro indwara zanduye virusi itera SIDA n'indwara zifitanye isano na virusi itera SIDA hagamijwe gukurikirana abanduye: gahunda y'ikigo mpuza mahanga gikurikirana ubuzima "WHO" gikurikirana umunsi kuwundi imiterere ya virusi itera SIDA n'indwara zigashamikiyeho, n'ikigo gikurikirana kinakakumira indwara zandura cya "CDC" uburyo gishyira mu byiciro ibirebana na virusi itera SIDA. Kubera ko gahunda y'ikigo cya "WHO" idasaba ibizamini bya laboratoire, ikwiranye n’imiterere y’imikoreshereze ihura n’ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere, aho ishobora no gukoreshwa mu gufasha kuyobora imiyoborere y’amavuriro. Nubwo zi gahunda zitandukanye, sisitemu zombi zemerera kugereranya intego zimibare.
Itegeko ngenga rirengera ibidukikije mu Rwanda
Bigizwe n’ibyangiza n’ibitangiza.
B.1 Ibyangiza :
Bigizwe n’ibihumanya, imyanda, imyanda iteza impanuka, inyubako n’ubuhumane.
1° Ibihumanya ni ibintu byose byatawe, byaba bikomeye, bitemba, cyangwa se gazi, imyanda yose, umunuko, ubushyuhe, urusaku rukabije rw’ibinyabiziga, rw’imiziki imena amatwi, kurangira, imirasire cyangwa uruvange rwa byose rushobora kwangiza.
2° Imyanda ni ibintu byose byaba bikomeye, bitemba cyangwa ari umwuka bikomoka ku mirimo yo mu rugo, yo mu nganda, cyangwa umutungo wose wimukanwa n’utimukanwa wajugunywe kandi ushobora  kwangiza.
3° Imyanda iteza impanuka ni ibintu byose byaba bikomeye, bitemba cyangwa ari umwuka byangiza ku buryo buteye impungenge ubuzima bw’abantu, umutekano  n’ibindi binyabuzima hamwe n’ubuziranenge bw’ibidukikije.
4° Inyubako ni ikintu cyose gishinze ahantu hamwe cyangwa se cyahavanwa gishobora guhungabanya ibidukikije, hatitaweho nyiracyo ndetse n’agaciro kacyo.
5° Ubuhumane ni ubwandu  buterwa n’imyanda, imiti y’ubutabire mibi iva ku bikorwa by’umuntu bishobora guhindura aho umuntu aba bikagira ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije nko ku mibereho y’umuntu, inyamaswa, ibimera n’isi atuyeho. Ubuhumane bushobora kuba:
SIDA
Ibyiciro
Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima ryatanze icyifuzo cya mbere ku gisobanuro kirebana na SIDA mu 1986. Kuva icyo gihe, OMS yakomeje gahunda yo kuvugurura ibyiciro bitandukanye inshuro nyinshi, igisobanuro giheruka cyemeranyijweho ku isi hose ubu OMS ikaba iheruka kugisohora mu 2007. Sisitemu ya OMS ikoresha ibyiciro bikurikira:
Umusigiti wa Tekkiye
thumb|250x250px| Umusigiti wa Tekkiye thumb|umusigiti wa Tekkiye Umusigiti wa Tekkiye (izina mu cyarabu: جامع بني أمية الكبير; izina mu giturukiya: Tekkiye Camii) ni umusigiti i Damasiko muri Siriya.
SIDA
Ibyiciro
Ikigo cyo muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara (CDC) nacyo cyashyizeho uburyo bwo gushyira mu byiciro virusi itera SIDA, kandi byavuguruwe mu 2008 na 2014. Ubu buryo bushyira mu byiciro virusi itera SIDA hakurikijwe kubara abasirikare baha umubiri ubudahangarwa "CD4 count" no kugenzura ibimenyetso byigaragaza, kandi busobanura ubwandu mu matsinda atanu. Mu barengeje imyaka itandatu ni:
Mu rwego rwo kugenzura, isuzuma rya SIDA rikomeje gukorwa nubwo nyuma yo kuvurwa, umubare wa wabasirikare barinda umubiri ba "CD4 + T" wazamutse ukagera kuri 200 kuri µL yamaraso cyangwa izindi ndwara zishamikiye ku bimenyetso bigaragaza SIDA ziba zamaze gukira
Guhuza ibitsina
Gukoresha agakingirizo mu buryo buhoraho kandi igihe kirekire bigabanya amahirwe yo kwandura virusi itera SIDA ku kigereranyo kingana na 80%. Iyo agakingirizo gakoreshwa buri gihe n’abashakanye muri bombi umwe ariwe wanduye undi ari atanduye bigabanya amahirwe yo kwandura virusi itera SIDA ku kigereranyo kiri kuri 1% ku mwaka. Hariho ubushakashatsi bushimangira ko agakingirizo k'abagore gashobora gutanga urwego rumwe rwo kurinda. Gukoresha imiti yifashishwa mu gutuma mu gitsina hazamo ububobere yitwa "gel" nka "tenofovir"(yifashishwa mu kuvura indwara ya SIDA rimwe na rimwe indwara y'umwijima ya hepatitis B) igakoreshwa mbere yo gukora imibonano mpuza bitsina bijya bigabanya amahirwe yo kwandura virusi itera SIDA kugera ku kigereranyo kingana na 40% mubagore bo muri Afrika. Binyuranye no gukoresha imiti yica intanga ngabo nka "nonoxynol-9" kuko iyo izwiho kongera ibyago byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA bitewe nuko ituma mu gitsina no mu nnyo hazamo udusebe.
Gusilamura (abagabo) muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara "bigabanya kwandura virusi itera sida ku bagabo badahuje igitsina hagati ya 38% na 66% mu gihe cy'amezi 24". Kubera ubwo bushakashatsi, Ishami ry’Umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku buzima ndetse na UNAIDS bashishikarije abagabo kwisiramuza muri 2007 mu rwego rwo gukumira virusi itera SIDA binyuze ku bwandu buturuka ku mugore wanduye yanduza umugabo utanduye mu turere twa Afurika twiganjemo umubare munini wabanduye virusi itera SIDA. Icyakora, ntibivugwaho rumwe ku bijyanye nimba kwisilamuza birinda umugore utanduye virusi itera SIDA iyo aryamanye n'umugabo wanduye virusi itera SIDA usilamuye, ndetse nta mibare izwi cyangwa ifatika ivuga ko byarinda abahuje ibitsina b'abagabo bakora imibonano kwandura virusi itera SIDA mu bihugu byateye imbere. Umuryango mpuzamahanga urwanya virusi, urasaba ukanashishikariza ko abagabo bose bakora imibonano nabo badahuje igitsina bagomba kwisilamuza ndetse nabakora imibonano mpuzabitsina nabo bahuje igitsina ko byaganirwaho nkuburyo bwo guhitamo kwirinda virusi itera SIDA. Abahanga bamwe batinya ko hashobora kuvuka imyumvire ituma umubare munini wabantu wakwitabira ibikorwa byo gukora imibonano mpuza bitsina idakingiye bitwaje ko gusilamurwa ari urukingo rubarinda ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA.
Porogaramu zishishikariza kwifata no kurinda ubusugi n'ubumanzi ku bakobwa n'abahungu ntabwo bigaragara ko zigira umusaruro mwiza uhagije kandi ufatika mu kwirinda virusi itera SIDA. Hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko umusaruro wizo nyigisho udahagije habe namba. Inyigisho zihagije zitangwa ku bumenyi bw'imyororokere mu mashuri zishobora kugabanya imyitwarire ishobora guteza ibyago byinshi byo kwijandika no kwiyandarika mu bikorwa by'ubusambanyi. Umubare munini wurubyiruko rukomeje kwishora mubikorwa byinshi bishobora guteza ibyago byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA nubwo bahabwa inyigisho zihagije kuberana n'ubwandu bwiyo virusi, kuko babitesha agaciro ko kumva ko nabo bashobora kwandura. Ubujyanama butangwa no gupima kubizana kubihabwa ku bushake ntabwo bigabanya ibikorwa byo kwijandika no kwiyandarika mu busambanye kubamaze gupimwa bagasanga batanduye ahubwo bituma abapimwe bagasanga banduye bakunda gukoresha udukingirizo n'imibare ikazamuka mu buryo bwigaragaza. Serivisi zinoze zo kuboneza urubyaro bigaragara ko byongera umubare wo gukoresha imiti yo kuboneza urubyaro mu bagore bamaze kumenya ko bafite ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA. Nta makuru agahije azwi niba kuvura izindi ndwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina bifite akamaro mu gukumira virusi itera SIDA.
Kwirinda mbere yo kwandura virusi itera SIDA
Gufata imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA mu bantu babana n'ubwandu bafite abasirikare barinda umubiri "CD4 count" bagejeje kuri 550 / µL ni uburyo bwiza cyane bwo kurinda kwanduza abo baryamana nabo (ingamba zizwi nko kuvura bisa nko kwirinda, cyangwa TASP). TASP ifitanye isano no kugabanuka inshuro 10 kugeza kuri 20 ibyago byo kwandura. Imiti irinda kwandura virusi itera sida yitwa "profhylaxis (PrEP)" ikoreshwa mbere yo gukora imibonano mpuza bitsina hamwe numuti ukoreshwa buri munsi wa "tenofovir", hakoreshejwe cq hatanakoreshejwe umuti wa "emtricitabine", bigabanya ibyago byinshi byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA hagati y'abantu bafite amahirwe menshi yo kwandura nk'abagabo bakora imibonano nabo bahuje igitsina ndetse n'abaryamana umwe abizi ko yanduye undi abizi ko atanduye ndetse no murubyiruko rwo muri Afurika. Bene ubu buryo bushobora kurinda nabakoresha inshinge bitera imiti/ibiyobyabwenge babicishije mu mitsi, nyuma y'ubushakashatsi bwakoze bukagaragaza ko habayeho kugabanyuka ku kigereranyo kivuye kuri 0.7 kugeza kuri 0.4 ku gipimo cy'imyaka 100 y'abantu "100 person years". Ikigo cy'Amerika gishinzwe gahunda zo kwirinda indwara gishishikariza ko abantu bafite ibyago byinsho byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA ko bakwiye gukoresha imiti ya PrEP.
Uburyo rusange bwo kwirinda muri gahunda z'ubuzima no kubwitaho bifite ingaruka nziza mu kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA. Gahunda zishyirwaho mu gukumira kwitera ibiyobyabwenge biciye mu mitsi hakoreshejwe inshinge no kuzisangira no gahunda zo gufasha kuvura abakoresha ibiyobyabwenge bagahabwa ingurane nziza zo kubavura "rehabilitation therapy" biri mu bintu bihambaye bigabanya ibyago by'ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA.
Kwirinda nyuma yo gukeka ko wandujwe virusi itera SIDA
Imiti irinda ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA ifatwa mu masaha ari hagati ya 48 na 72 ku muntu ukeka ko cyangwa wahuye n'amaraso arimo ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA cq amavangiro yo mu gitsina yanduye; iyo miti yitwa "prophylaxis (PEP)". Gukoresha umuti ufata rimwe wa "zidovudine" bigabanya ibyago byo kwandura virusi itera sida inshuro eshanu nyuma yo gukomeretswa n'urushinge. Kugeza mu 2013, gahunda yo gukoresha imiti irinda kwandura virusi itera SIDA muri Leta z'unze ubumwe z'Amerika yashyizeho imiti y'ubwoko butatu bwo kwifashisha ari bwo - "tenofovir, emtricitabine na raltegravir" - kuko ibyo bishobora kugabanya ingaruka kurushaho.
Imiti ya "PEP" ishishikarizwa gufatwa byihutirwa cyane iyo habayeho igikorwa cyo gufatwa ku ngufu cq gusambanya umwana cyane iyo ukekwaho icyo cyaha akekwaho kuba yanduye virusi itera SIDA, ariko bikunze gutera impagarara no kutavugwaho rumwe cyane ukekwaho icyaha ubuzima bwe busanzwe butazwi nimba yaranduye cyangwa se ari muzima. Igihe cyo kwivuza gikunze kuba ibyumweru bine kandi bikunze kuba bifitanye isano n'ingaruka zizahaza uyikoresheje aho imiti ya "zidovudine" ikoreshwa, hafi 70% bagirwaho ingaruka yo kugira isesemi (24%), umunaniro (22%), guhangayika kumutima (13%) no kubabara umutwe (9%).
Itegeko ngenga rirengera ibidukikije mu Rwanda
guhindura ibara n’imiterere  yayo, bituma yatera indwara umuntu n’inyamaswa biyakoresha, ibinyabuzima biyabamo, ibimera, ahantu nyaburanga, imibande n’ibishanga bihegereye;
SIDA
Kurinda umubyeyi kwanduza umwana
Gahunda yo kurinda umubyeyi kwanduza umwana virusi itera SIDA zishobora kugabanya ibyaho byo kwandura ku kigereranyayo kiri hagati ya 92-99%. Ibi ahanini bikubiyemo gukoresha imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA mugihe umubyeyi atwite na nyuma yo kuvuka k'umwana no gushyiraho gahunda yo gusimbura ibere umwana akagaburirwa hakoreshejwe insimbura bere nka bebelo aho kumwonsa. Iyo gahunda yo kwifashisha insimbura bere ishoboka, byoroshye kubigeraho, hari ingurane ndetse ari nta mabura kindi abikumira kandi kubigeraho bikaba byoroshye, umubyeyi usanganywe ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA agomba kwirinda byimazeyo konsa umwana we; ariko konsa umwana ni ibintu byingenzi muri ya mezi y'ibanze kugirango umwana abashe gukura neza iyo biri ngombwa. Iyo bibaye ngombwa ko umwana yonswa muri ayo mezi y'ibanze ni ngombwa ko umwana akomeza gufata imiti ya "prophylaxis" kugirango arindwe kwandura virusi itera SIDA ayanduzwa na nyina binyuze mu kumwonsa. Mu mwaka wa 2015, igihugu cya Cuba cyabaye icya mbere mu gukumira no kurinda umubyeyi kwanduza umwana virusi itera SIDA.
Umusigiti wa Dolmabahçe
thumb|umusigiti wa Dolmabahçe Umusigiti wa Dolmabahçe (izina mu gituruki: Dolmabahçe Camii) ni umusigiti i Istanbul muri Turukiya.
SIDA
Urukingo
Kugeza ubu nta rukingo ruraboneka rwa virusi itera SIDA. Kugeza amagingo aya; urukingo rukiri mu igeragezwa ruhari rukoreshwa kandi rugaragaza ko rufite uburyo rugabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA ni urwitwa "RV 144", rwavumbuwe mu mwaka wa 2009 ndetse rugaragaza ko rugabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA kugeza ku kigereranyo kingana na 30%, ibi bikaba bitera ibyiringiro byejo hazaza mu muryango wubushakashatsi bwo gukora urukingo rukora neza kurushaho. Haracyakorwa izindi nkingo zigerageza zishingiye ku rukingo rwa "RV 144" ndetse birakomeje.
Umuti/Ubuvuzi
Kugeza ubu nta muti uhari, nta rukingo rurinda virusi itera SIDA. Umuti uyivura uhari ni ugizwe n'imiti ikomeye yizewe ku kigero kinini igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA yitwa (HAART - highly active antiretroviral therapy) ufasha kurinda ko indwara ya SIDA yihuta gukura no gukomera cyane ikwirakwiza ubukana buzahaza umuburi/ubuzima. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2010 abantu barenga miliyoni 6,6 bakiriye bene iyi miti mu bihugu bikennye n'ibiciriritse. Uyu muti ukubiyemo imiti ikumira ikanavura indwara z'ibyuririzi bya SIDA. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2020 mu kwezi kwa Werurwe, abarwayi babiri bari banduye virusi itera SIDA niba bamaze kuyikira burundu. Kwihutira gukoresha imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA mu cyumweru cya mbere nyuma yo kwisuzumisha bigaragaza ko bitanga amahirwe menshi n'icyizere cyiza mu kuyivura yaba mu bantu barangwa n'ubukene nabafite ubuzima buciriritse.
Imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA
Imiti ikomeye yizewe ku kigero kinini igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA yitwa (HAART) ifatwa mu buryo bwo kuyivanga/gukomatanya bikunze kwitwa "cocktails" bukubiyemo imiti igera ku moko atatu iri mu byiciro bibiri by'imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi "antiretroviral agents". Mu ikubitir ryo kuvura habanza gukoreshwa uburyo bwa "non-nucleoside revers transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)" hiyongereyeho ubundi buryo bubiri bwa "nucleoside analog analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTIs)". NRTI zisanzwe zirimo: imiti ya zidovudine (AZT) cyangwa tenofovir (TDF) na lamivudine (3TC) cyangwa emtricitabine (FTC). Uhereye muri 2019, dolutegravir / lamivudine / tenofovir yashyizwe ku rutonde n’umuryango w’ubuzima ku isi nk’umurongo wa mbere uvura abantu bakuru, hamwe na tenofovir / lamivudine / efavirenz mu bundi buryo bwakwifashisha kuvura abantu bakuru. Gukomatanya imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi nka "protease inhibitor (PI)" bikoreshwa mu gihe imiti ifatwa mu buryo buvuzwe haruguru bitarimo gutanga umusaruro mwiza ufatika ku murwayi wanduye.
Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika batanga amabwiriza ashishikariza abantu gufata imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA (harimo n'abagore batwite) bakayitangira kuyifata byihuse bakimara gupimwa, hatitawe ku mubare wabasirikare barinda umubiri "CD4 count". Iyo uwanduye atangiye gufata imiti ni byiza ko yirinda kuyihagarika cyangwa kurambirwa kuyifata. Abantu benshi bapimwa bagasanga baranduye bikunze kubaho byaratinze gutangira imiti kubera kwipimisha bakererewe. Uburyo bwiza bwo kwivuza ni uburyo bw'igihe kirekire bukoresha "Plasma HIV-RNA count" ibara munsi ya kopi 50 kuri buri mL. Ikigero gifatirwaho kumenya nimba ubuvuzi bwa virusi itera SIDA burimo gukora neza bupimwa mu gihe cy'ibyumweru bigera kuri bine (4) igisubizo cyaza kiri munsi ya kopi 50 kuri buri mL hakurikiraho gufata ibizamini buri mezi atatu cyangwa atandatu kandi ibyo biba bihagije. Igenzura ridahagije rifatwa ko za "plasma HIV-RNA count" rirenze kopi 400 kuri buri mL. Ukurikije ibi bipimo mu kuvura virusi itera SIDA bitanga icyizere mu kurwanya ubukana bwa bwayo mubantu barenga 95% mumwaka wambere wo kwisuzumisha no kwivuza.
Inyungu zo kwivuza zirimo kugabanuka kw'ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA mu mubiri kuburyo bitagera aho bizahaza ubuzima ku kigero cyo kubura ubudahangarwa mu mubiri ari nacyo cyiciro byitwa ko umuntu arwaye SIDA ndetse no kugabanya ibyaho byo gupfa vuba. Mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, abantu bavurwa mu buryo bwiza kandi hakiri kare bibatera kugira ubuzima buhagaze neza bw'umubiri no mu mitekerereze. Muzindi nyungu ziri mu kwivuza hakiri kare; bigabanya 70% by'ibyago byo kwandura igituntu ku banduye virusi itera SIDA. Izindi nyungu ziri mu kwivuza no gutangira imiti kare; bigabanya ibyaho byo kwanduza abaryamana n'uwanduye n'ibyago by'uko umubyeyi yakwanduza umwana atwite cyangwa mu gihe cyo kubyara cyangwa ku mwonsa. Kugirango umurwayi arusheho kumererwa neza biterwa n'uburyo yiha gahunda yo gufata imiti bijyanye n'imyifatire ye agomba guhindura mu mabwiriza ahabwa na muganga. Zimwe mu mpamvu zituma hatubahirizwa gahunda zo gufata imiti neza kandi ku gihe harimo; kubura uburyo bwo guhabwa imiti n'ibigo by'ubuvuzi/ubuzima, kubura gahunda zirimo gufasha abarwayi kwiyakira no kubaganiriza, uburwayi bw'imitekerereze no gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge. Amoko atandukanye y'ubuvuzi n'umubare mwinshi w'imiti ifatwa igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA n'ingaruka zo kubikoresha nabyo biri mu bintu bituma abanduye bacika intege zo kubahiriza no gukomeza gufata imiti ku gihe. Hamwe n'uko igiciro cy'iyo miti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA byabigiramo uruhare, 47% byabari bakeneye iyo miti bayibonaga kandi baturuka mu bantu babayeho mu bihugu bikennye n'ibiri mu buzima buciriritse mu mwaka wa 2010 ndetse ubwitabire bwo gufata imiti usanga bungana yaba mu bihugu bikennye ndetse n'ibihugu byateye imbere.
Hari ingaruka ziterwa no gufata imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA. Zimwe muri izo ngaruka harimo: umubiri kunanirwa gukora uturema ngingo dutuma umubiri ugira amavuta ahagije "lipodystrophy Syndrome", dyslipidemia, na diabete ifata urwagashya, cyane kubakoresha "protease inhibitor". Ibindi bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara harimo impiswi, hamwe n’ubwiyongere bw’indwara zifata umutima. Ubuvuzi bushya bugezweho buzwiho ingaruka nke kubafata imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA. Imiti imwe n'imwe irashobora kuba ifitanye isano no gutera ubumuga buvukanwa bityo bikaba bidakwiriye abagore bateganya kubyara kuba bayikoresha.
Imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA ihabwa abana bakiri bato itandukanye nihabwa abantu bakuze. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima rishishikariza kuvura abana bose bari munsi y’imyaka itanu; abana bari hejuru yimyaka itanu bavurwa kimwe nkabantu bakuru. Amabwiriza ya Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika ashishikariza kuvura abana bose bari munsi y’amezi 12 na buri wese ufite ibipimo bya "HIV RNA" bingana na 100.000 / mL ufite imyaka iri hagati y’umwaka umwe n’imyaka itanu.
Ikigo cy’ubuvuzi cy’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EMA) cyasabye ko habaho uruhushya rwo kwamamaza ku miti ibiri mishya igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA (ARV), rilpivirine (Rekambys) na cabotegravir (Vocabria), kugira ngo ikoreshwe hamwe mu kuvura abantu bafite virusi itera SIDA yo mu bwoko bwa (HIV -1). Ubu bwoko bw'iyi iti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA nibwo bwa mbere buje mu buvuzi bwigihe kirekire hifashishwa gutera inshinge. Ibi bivuze ko aho kuba ibinini bya buri munsi, abantu batera inshinge buri kwezi cyangwa buri mezi abiri.
Gukomatanya inshinge za Rekambys na Vocabria bigamije kubungabunga ubuvuzi ku babantu bakuru bafite virusi itera SIDA itagaragara mumaraso (ubwinshi bwa virusi itera SIDA bugaragara ku gipimo cya kopi 50 / ml) babifatanyije hamwe nubuvuzi bwabo bwa ARV, kandi mugihe virusi itigeze itera imbaraga zo kurwanya icyiciro runaka cy'imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA yitwa "non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTIs) na integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INI).
Indwara z'ibyuririzi
Ingamba zo gukumira indwara z'ibyuririzi ziratanga icyizere mu bantu benshi banduye virusi itera SIDA. Usibye kunoza indwara zubu, ubuvuzi hifashishijwe gufata imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA biri mubigabanya ibyago byo kwandura indwara z'ibyuririzi. Abakuze ndetse n'urubyiruko babana na virusi itera SIDA (ndetse no kubafata imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA) kabone no ku batagaragara ko banduye igituntu cyangwa a ashobora kuba bafite umutwaro wo kuba baranduye igituntu bagomba gufata ubuvuzi bwa "isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT); bagakorerwa ikizamini cyuruhu gipima igituntu kugirango harebwe nimba hakenewe guhabwa ubuvuzi bwa IPT. Inkingo z'indwara z'umwijima za hepatitis A na B zishishikarizwa guhabwa abanduye virusi itera SIDA mbere ko bagira ibyago byo kwandura bene izo ndwara z'umwijima. Gukoresha imiti y'ubwoko bwa Trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis bana bakivuka bari hagati yibyumweru bine na bitandatu byamavuko, no guhagarika konsa abana bavutse kubabyeyi banduye virusi itera SIDA, birashishikarizwa cyane ku badafite amikoro ahagije. Birashishikarijwe gukumira PCP mugihe abasirikare barinda umubiri ba CD4 babarwa ku gipimo kiri munsi ya 200 / uL no mubasanganywe PCP cyangwa abigeze kuyirwara. Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa mu mubiri "immunosuppression" buhagije bashishikarizwa gufata imiti ya toxoplasmose na MAC. Ingamba zikwiye zo gukumira zagabanije umuvuduko w’izi ndwara ku kigero cya 50% hagati ya 1992 na 1997. Urukingo rw’ibicurane n’urukingo rwa pneumococcal polysaccharide rukunze gusabwa ku bantu banduye virusi itera SIDA kandi bifite ingaruka nziza zigaragaza ku buzima bwabo iyo bayifashe.
Indyo
Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) ryatanze ibyifuzo bijyanye n'intungamubiri zikenewe ku bamaze kwandura virusi itera SIDA. Muri rusange indyo yuzuye ni nayo ishishikarizwa abanduye virusi itera SIDA. Gufata indyo yuzuye ifite intunga mubiri zihagije kurwego rwa RDA ku bantu bakuru banduye virusi itera SIDA ni inama nziza itangwa n'ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS); gufata cyane vitamine A, zinc, na iron bigira ingaruka zitari nziza ku buzima bwabamaze kwandura virusi itera SIDA kubantu bakuze nta nubwo ari byiza keretse niba hari ibigaragaza ko byagabanutse mu mubiri. Gufata indyo z'inyongera "diatary supplmentation" yuzuye kubantu banduye virusi itera SIDA kandi bafite imirire idahagije cyangwa indyo idahagije bifasha gushimangira ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri cyangwa kubafasha gukira indwara zimwe na zimwe; icyakora, ibimenyetso byerekana inyungu rusange muburwayi cyangwa kugabanya impfu zabazira indwara ya SIDA ntabwo bifitiwe ubushakashatsi kuri byo.
Ubundi buryo bwo kuvura
Muri Leta z'unze ubumwe z'Amerika, abagera kuri 60% banduye virusi itera SIDA bakoresha uburyo butandukanye bw’ubuvuzi bwuzuzanya cyangwa ubundi buryo bw'inyongera, imikoreshereze yayo ntabwo ifitiwe ubushakashatsi bw'imbitse bwemeza imikorere yayo neza. Nta bimenyetso bihagije byemeza ikoreshwa ry'imiti gakondo cyangwa imiti ikomoka ku bimera. Nta bimenyetso bihagije bihari bishyigikira ikoreshwa ry'urumogi mu gutera ubushake bwo kurya no kubyibuha k'umubiri.
ICYITONDERWA:
Byashyizwe mu Kinyarwanda bikuwe ku rwandiko rw'umwimerere rusangwa ku murongo ukurikira; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV/AIDS
<ul>
Itegeko ngenga rirengera ibidukikije mu Rwanda
bishakwa cyangwa bigwiririye,  gazi, umwotsi, utuntu twose cyangwa imiti ishobora guhungabanya ibinyabuzima, ubuzima bw’abantu n’umutekano wabo cyangwa kubangamira ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi, guhungabanya inyubako cyangwa imiterere y’uturere nyaburanga  n’imisozi;
c. ubuhumane burenga imipaka ni ubwandu buturuka mu gihugu kimwe bukagera mu kindi
gihugu.
B.2 Ibitangiza :
C. Andi magambo akoreshwa
1°​Amajyambere arambye ni uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha ibidukikije ubibyaza umutungo  wo
kubeshaho ibisekuru biriho no guteganyiriza ibisekuru bizaza hitaweho kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, kugira uruhare ku bigize ibinyabuzima n’isaranganya ry’inyungu zikomoka ku mikoreshereze yabyo  n’ikoranabuhanga ribikorerwaho.
2°​Inyigo z’ ingaruka ku bidukikije ni  ubusesengure bwerekana ingaruka zishobora guterwa n’ibikorwa by’umuntu cyangwa umushinga biteganijwe.
Damasiko
Damasiko cyangwa Damasi (icyarabu: دِمَشْقُ) ni umurwa mukuru wa Siriya. center|thumb|420x420px
Umusigiti wa Nabi Habeel
thumb|umusigiti wa Nabi Habeel Umusigiti wa Nabi Habeel  (izina mu cyarabu: مسجد النبي هابيل‎) ni umusigiti i Damasiko muri Siriya.
Itegeko ngenga rirengera ibidukikije mu Rwanda
3°​Isuzumamikorere ku bidukikije ni uburyo bwo gusuzuma  no kugenzura  ibikorwa byo kubungabunga ibidukikije.
4°​Ubuyobozi bw’isuzumangaruka ku bidukikije ni urwego rushyirwaho n’Ubuyobozi bubufitiye ububasha  rushinzwe gukurikirana ibijyanye n’isuzumangaruka ku bidukikije.
5°​Ubuyobozi bubifitiye ububasha ni urwego  rumwe cyangwa nyinshi  zifite ububasha buteganywa  n’amategeko.
UMUTWE WA III :  AMAHAME REMEZO
Ingingo ya 5 :
Gushyiraho politiki y’Igihugu yo kurengera, kubungabunga no guteza imbere ibidukikije ni inshingano za Guverinoma y’u Rwanda. Ni yo ishyiraho ingamba, imigambi na Gahunda y’Igihugu bijyanye no kubungabunga no gukoresha neza ibikomoka ku bidukikije.
Ingingo ya 6 :
Ingingo ya 7 :
Kubungabunga no gukoresha neza ibidukikije n’ibibikomokaho bigendera ku mahame akurikira:
10 Ihame rijyanye no kurinda
Ihame ryo kurinda ni ngombwa kugira ngo hashobore kurindwa cyangwa kugabanya ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije. Ingamba zo kurinda, kubuza no gukumira zituruka ku isuzuma rya za politiki, imigambi, imishinga, ibikorwa by’amajyambere n’imibereho y’abaturage kandi zikagaragaza ingaruka z’ibikorwa ibi n’ibi, ndetse zikanabuza itangira ryabyo mu gihe habonetse ingaruka zagaragajwe n’isuzumangaruka ku bidukikije.
Kurinda bibuza gutakaza amafaranga ndetse no kwangiza ibidukikije kenshi byatera ibibazo bidashobora gukemuka. Ibikorwa bigaragayeho cyangwa bikekwaho kuba byagira ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije ntibigomba gutangira kabone n’aho izo ngaruka zaba zitagaragazwa mu buryo bwa gihanga. Kutagaragazwa bya gihanga ntibigomba kubera urwitwazo abangizi b’ibidukikije, ahubwo kwakoreshwa mu kubungabunga ibidukikije.
20 undefinedIhame ry’uburambe bw’ibidukikije no guha ibisekuruza amahirwe angana
Abantu ni bo shingiro ry’amajyambere arambye. Bafite uburenganzira ku buzima buzira umuze kandi bukora bitabangamiye kamere. Ariko uburenganzira ku majyambere bugomba kugerwaho hitaweho ibizakenerwa n’ibisekuruza biriho ndetse n’ibizaza.
Umuntu wese ugaragaje imyitwarire cyangwa ibikorwa bitera cyangwa bishobora guteza ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije arabihanirwa cyangwa agategekwa kubiriha. Ategekwa kandi gusubiranya ibyangijwe aho bishoboka.
40 Ihame ryo kumenyesha no gushishikariza bose kubungabunga no kurinda ibidukikije
Buri muntu afite uburenganzira bwo kumenyeshwa imiterere y’ibidukikije ndetse no kwitabira ingamba zo gufata ibyemezo hagamijwe kurengera ibidukikije.
50 undefinedIhame ry’ubufatanye
Ubuyobozi, ibigo mpuzamahanga, amashyirahamwe ndetse n’abikorera ku giti cyabo basabwa kwita ku bidukikije mu nzego zose zishoboka. Muri politiki yayo yo kurengera ibidukikije, Leta y’u Rwanda yihatira guteza imbere ubutwererane n’amahanga.
UMUTWE WA IV : AHO IRI TEGEKO NGENGA RIKORESHWA
Ingingo ya 8:
2º​inganda, ibigega, ibirombe, ahakorerwa imirimo yo kubaka, kariyeri, ububiko bw’ikuzimu cyangwa ku butaka ;
3º​inzu z’ububiko na atoliye;
4º​inyubako zikoreshwa cyangwa ziri mu maboko y’umuntu uwo ari we wese cyangwa ishyirahamwe ryigenga, ikigo cya Leta; bishobora guteza ibizazane cyangwa impanuka, byaba ku gicuruzwa, ku buzima, ndetse n’umutekano ;
5º​kumena, kujugunya no guhunika ibintu bishobora guteza cyangwa kongera ubwangirike bw’ahantu bishyizwe ;
6º​imiti, ibikomoka ku butabire, uruvange rw’imiti yakozwe cyangwa ikiri kamere, bishobora, bitewe n’ubuhumane bwabyo, guteza ibizazane ku buzima bw’abantu, ku kubungabunga ubutaka n’ikuzimu, amazi, inyamaswa n’ibimera, ibidukikije muri rusange mu gihe bikoreshejwe cyangwa bimenwe ahantu hasanzwe.
Inyubako zivugwa muri iyi ngingo ntizishobora gukingurwa kandi imiti ivugwa muri iyi ngingo ntishobora gukoreshwa hatari uruhushya rutanzwe mu buryo buteganywa n’itegeko biturutse ku busabe bw’uzabikoresha.
Ingingo ya 10 :
Inyubako za Leta zirebana n’umutekano w’Igihugu zigengwa n’amategeko yihariye.
UMUTWE WA MBERE:    IBIDUKIKIJE KAMERE
Icyiciro cya mbere :  Ibyerekeye ubutaka n’ikuzimu
Ubutaka n’ikuzimu bigize umutungo kamere wo kurindwa uburyo bwose bwawuhungabanya kandi usabwa gukoreshwa mu buryo burambye.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, imikoreshereze y’ubutaka n’ikuzimu igomba kwita ku nyungu rusange zijyanye no kubibungabunga.
Ingingo ya 12 :
Ubutaka bugomba gukoreshwa hitaweho imiterere yabwo. Imikoreshereze y’ahantu  ituma hatisubira, igomba kwirindwa, byaba bibaye ngombwa aho hantu hagakoreshwa ku buryo buboneye bushoboka.
Ingingo ya 13 :
Ingingo ya 14 :
Gutanga uruhushya ruvugwa mu ngingo ya 13 y’iri Tegeko Ngenga bikurikiza :
1º​ubwihutirwe n’ubushobozi bw’ingingo zibuza ubuhungabane bw’ibidukikije biturutse ku mirimo y’ubushakashatsi, imikoreshereze no gucukura amabuye y’agaciro byateganyijwe ;
2º​kwita kwa nyirubwite ku nyungu z’abaturage;
3º​inshingano yo gusubiranya ahangijwe, mu buryo bwose bushoboka, kugira ngo hasubireho ubwiza bwariho mbere cyangwa se imiterere kamere yahindutse bitewe n’imirimo, hakurikijwe umushinga wo gusubiranya wemejwe n’ubuyobozi bubifitiye ububasha.
Icyiciro cya 2:  Ibyerekeye  amazi
Ingingo ya 15 :
Imigezi, ibiyaga byakozwe n’abantu, amazi y’ikuzimu, amasoko, ibiyaga karemano biri mu bigize umutungo rusange wa Leta. Imikoreshereze yabyo iri mu burenganzira bwa buri wese hakurikijwe amategeko.
Ingingo ya 16 :
Ahavomerwa amazi agenewe kunyobwa hagomba kubakirwa urugo ruharinda nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 51 y’iri Tegeko Ngenga.
Ingingo ya 17:
Ibikorwa byose bireba umutungo w’amazi nko kuvomerera imyaka, gukoresha ibishanga n’ibindi bigomba kubanza gukorerwa isuzumangaruka ku bidukikije.
Ingingo ya 18 :
Amazi rusange yakoreshejwe ndetse n’amazi mabi yose, agomba gushyirwa mu ruganda ruyasukura hanyuma agatunganywa mbere yo kumenwa mu ruzi, mu mugezi, mu kiyaga cyangwa mu kizenga.
Ingingo ya 19 :
Ibishanga bihoramo amazi bigomba kurindwa by’umwihariko. Mu kubirinda, hitabwaho uruhare rwabyo ndetse n’agaciro kabyo mu kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima.
Icyiciro cya 3 : Ibyerekeye urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima
Ingingo ya 20 :
Kuzana mu Rwanda, gutumiza no kohereza mu mahanga inyamaswa iyo ari yo yose cyangwa ikimera bigengwa n’amategeko yihariye.
Ingingo ya 21 :
Ingingo ya 22 :
Gutunga inyamaswa zo mu gasozi cyangwa ibiva ku nyamaswa zo mu gasozi bitangirwa uruhushya n’ubuyobozi bubifitiye ububasha.
Ingingo ya 23 :
Kubunza, kugurisha, kugurana, gucuruza inyamaswa zo mu gasozi bisabirwa uruhushya rwihariye rutangwa n’ubuyobozi bubifitiye ububasha.
Ingingo ya 24 :
Icyiciro cya 4 :  Ibyerekeye  umwuka wo mu kirere
Ingingo ya 25 :
Inyubako zashyizwe mu nzego, amamodoka n’ibigendeshwa na moteri, ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi, ubukorikori n’ubuhinzi, bitunzwe n’umuntu uwo ari we wese cyangwa ishyirahamwe, bigomba gukoreshwa hakurikijwe amahame ya tekiniki yashyizweho n’ubuyobozi bubifitiye ububasha mu rwego rwo kubungabunga umwuka wo mu kirere.
Ingingo ya 26 :
Ibikorwa byose bishobora kwanduza umwuka wo mu kirere, bigengwa n’Iteka rya Minisitiri ufite Ibidukikije mu nshingano ze. Gutwika ibishingwe, imyanda cyangwa ikindi kintu icyo ari cyo cyose  (amapine, pulasitiki, amasashe n’ibindi) bikurikiza amabwiriza y’ubuyobozi bubifitiye ububasha.
Ikoreshwa ry’ibintu bihumanya umwuka wo mu kirere, bihungabanya akayunguruzo k’imirasire y’izuba cyangwa se ibyatuma ibihe bihinduka  rigengwa n’Iteka rya Minisitiri ufite Ibidukikije mu nshingano ze.
UMUTWE WA II :  IBIKORWA BY’ABANTU
Ingingo ya 28 :
Inyigo z’imitunganyirize y’ubutaka bw’Igihugu, iz’imitunganyirize y’umujyi cyangwa imyubakire y’imidugudu, ibishushanyo mbonera hamwe n’izindi nyandiko zirebana n’imitunganyirize y’ubutaka bw’Igihugu, zigomba kwita ku kubungabunga ibidukikije mu guhitamo aho bishyirwa ndetse n’ahajya ibikorwa bibyara inyungu, inganda, gutura no kwidagadura.
Ingingo ya 29 :
Umuyobozi ubifitiye ububasha, agendeye ku mategeko, ntashobora gutanga uruhushya rwo kubaka mu gihe bigaragara ko izo nyubako zishobora kwangiza ibidukikije.
Ingingo ya 30 :
Imirimo y’ubwubatsi ya Leta cyangwa iy’abikorera ku giti cyabo nk’imihanda, ingomero z’amazi igomba kubanzirizwa n’isuzumangaruka ku bidukikije.
Ingingo ya 31 :
Buri mushinga wa Leta cyangwa ibikorwa by’abantu ku giti cyabo ntibishobora gukorwa iyo binyuranyije n’imitegurire yabyo, kandi bigomba kwita ku ngamba zo kubungabunga ibidukikije nk’uko biteganywa n’amategeko.
Ingingo ya 32 :
Nta muntu wemerewe gushyira imyanda ahantu hatabigenewe, uretse  aho bayiyongesha, cyangwa se mu ruganda itunganyirizwamo kandi byemejwe  n’ubuyobozi bubifitiye ububasha.
Ingingo ya 33 :
Imyanda yose, cyane cyane ituruka mu bitaro, mu nganda n’indi yose mibi,  igomba kurundwa hamwe, igatunganywa hanyuma igahindurwa ku buryo budahungabanya ibidukikije kugira ngo hirindwe, havanweho cyangwa hagabanywe ingaruka mbi ku buzima bw’abantu, ku mutungo kamere, ku nyamaswa, ku bimera no ku miterere y’ibidukikije.
Ingingo ya 34 :
Gutaba ikuzimu imyanda ihumanya bikorwa gusa iyo hari uruhushya kandi hakurikijwe amabwiriza yihariye ateganywa n’Iteka rya Minisitiri ufite Ibidukikije mu nshingano ze.
Ingingo ya 35 :
Gukuraho imyanda bigomba gukurikiza amategeko ariho kandi aho bishoboka bigakorwa mu rwego rwo kuyibyaza umusaruro.
Ingingo ya 36 :