cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
KivuWatt Power Station
Incamake
Uyu mushinga wa miliyoni 200 z'amadorali, ufitwe na Contour Global ukanashyirwa mu bikorwa ku bufatanye na Wärtsilä, biteganijwe ko uzongerera 26MW ubushobozi bwo gutanga ingufu mu cyiciro cyayo cya mbere kandi amaherezo uzagera kuri 100 MW mu myaka iri imbere. Mu gihugu cyateye imbere, 25 MW y'ubu yatanga ingufu zihagije ku bantu 45.000.
Icyiciro cya 1 cy'umushinga, gifite ubushobozi bwa 25 MW, byari biteganijwe ko kizatangira ibikorwa byubucuruzi muri 2012. Icyiciro cya 2 cyu mushinga, gifite ingufu zingana na MW 75, biteganijwe ko kizatangira kubakwa nyuma y’amezi atandatu itangiye icyiciro cya 1. Uyu mushinga urimo gutegurwa na KivuWatt Limited, ishami rya Contour Global, hashingiwe ku masezerano y’inyungu yagiranye na guverinoma y’u Rwanda muri 2009. KivuWatt Limited irateganya gukuramo zimwe muri metero kibe zigera kuri miliyari 60 za gaze metani yafatiwe munsi y’ikiyaga cya Kivu no guhindura iyo gazi amashanyarazi, ikintu kikaba kitarakozwe ku bucuruzi bunini mbere. Ubwubatsi bwarangiye muri Gushyingo 2015 kandi sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi yari irimo kugeragezwa no gukurikizwa guhera mu Gushyingo 2015 kugeza itangiye gukoreshwa muri Kamena 2016.
Urugomero rw'amashanyarazi rwa KivuWatt rwafunguwe na perezida w'u Rwanda Paul Kagame ku ya 16 Gicurasi 2016.
Ihuza ryo hanze
Ikiciro:Umuriro
Ingufu mu Rwanda
Ikoreshwa ry'ingufu mu Rwanda ririmo guhinduka vuba mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cyo muri 21. thumb|400x400px| Umusaruro w'amashanyarazi mu Rwanda
Igisekuru
Hamwe n’ibikorwa remezo by’amashanyarazi bigarukira, u Rwanda rufite urwego rwo hejuru rwo gukoresha ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu. Amashanyarazi menshi mu gihugu aturuka ku mashanyarazi. Umusaruro w'amashanyarazi wagize 4% by'ingufu zikoreshwa mu gihugu muri 2014,
Amashanyarazi
53% by'amashanyarazi bitangwa niganda nto z'amashanyarazi. Mu mpera za 2018, uruganda rw’amashanyarazi ruhuza u Rwanda rwatanze nka 221.1 MW.
Umwuka wa gaze
Umushinga wa KivuWatt ni umushinga w'ingufu zo gukuramo gaze karemano yashonze mu kiyaga cya Kivu no gukoresha gaze yakuwe mu kubyara amashanyarazi. Muri 2016, urugomero rw'amashanyarazi rwa MW 25 rushobora gutanga ingufu zihagije ku bantu 45.000 mu Rwanda. Biteganijwe ko umushinga wo kwagura ibikorwa uzongerwaho MW 26 z'a mashanyarazi mu cyiciro cyayo cya mbere, kandi amaherezo uzagera kuri MW 100 mu myaka iri imbere.
Ikigereranyo cyizuba
Umurima wa mbere ufite ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara hanze y'afurika y'Epfo ni uruganda rwa MW 8.5 ku Mudugudu w'Urubyiruko rwa Agahozo Shalom, mu Karere ka Rwamagana, Intara y'Iburasirazuba bw'u Rwanda. Yakodesheje hectare zigera 20 z'ubutaka mu mudugudu akaba ari umugiraneza wo kubakira no kwigisha abahohotewe na jenoside mu Rwanda. Uruganda rukoresha amashanyarazi 28,360 kandi rutanga 6% yu muriro w'amashanyarazi mu gihugu. Uyu mushinga wubatswe n’abahanga muri Amerika, Isiraheli, Ubuholandi, Noruveje, Finilande n’Ubwongereza.
Micro izuba
Imikoreshereze y'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba yariyongereye kuko ibiciro by'izuba byagabanutse kandi uduce twinshi ntitwiteze guhuza imiyoboro ya vuba. Imirasire y'izuba itanga amashanyarazi arenga 2% mu gihugu. Igihugu kiri mu kwaguka byihuse umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi kandi hashyizweho ibihingwa byinshi bishya cyangwa byubakwa.
Biomass
Biomass ni isoko yingenzi y'ingufu zikoreshwa hifashishijwe inkwi n'imyanda yu buhinzi mu guteka. Muri 2014, ibyo byagaragaje 85% by'ingufu zikoreshwa mu Rwanda. Peat iva mu bishanga byo mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba bw’u Rwanda bizatanga amashanyarazi abiri. Uruganda rwa MW 15 rwa mbere ruteganijwe kumurongo muri 2015 hamwe nuwa kabiri, uruganda rwa MW 80, ruteganijwe muri 2017.
Andi masoko y'ingufu
Ibikomoka kuri peteroli, cyane mu bwikorezi, byagaragaje 11% by’ingufu z’u Rwanda muri 2014. N’ubwo bivugwa ko u Rwanda rufite peteroli na gaze gasanzwe hafi y’ikiyaga cya Kivu, guhera muri 2014, nta musaruro w’umutungo wabonetse kandi ibyifuzo byatumijwe mu mahanga. Umuyoboro wa peteroli wa Kenya - Uganda - Rwanda watwara peteroli hagati yibi bihugu niyubakwa.
Reba
<references group="" responsive="1"> Ikiciro:Umuriro Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo
Imikino yokwiruka
thumb|Women 100m Four athletes Imikino yokwiruka ni itsinda ryimikino irimo kwiruka kwiruka, gusimbuka, guta, no kugenda. Ubwoko bwimikino ngororamubiri ikunze kugaragara ni kwiruka no gusiganwa, kwiruka kumuhanda, kwiruka kwambukiranya igihugu, no gusiganwa ku maguru.
bisubizo by'ibirori byo gusiganwa bigenwa no kurangiza umwanya (cyangwa igihe, aho bipimye), mugihe gusimbuka no gutera byatsinzwe numukinnyi ugera kubipimo byo hejuru cyangwa kure cyane uhereye kubigerageza. Ubworoherane bwamarushanwa, no kubura ibikoresho bihenze, bituma siporo imwe mubwoko bwa siporo ikunze kugaragara kwisi. Imikino ngororamubiri ahanini ni siporo ku giti cye, usibye gusiganwa ku marushanwa n'amarushanwa ahuza ibikorwa by'abakinnyi ku manota y'amakipe, nka cross country.mikino ngororamubiri yateguwe kuva mu mikino Olempike ya kera kuva 776 mbere ya Yesu. Amategeko n'imiterere y'ibihe bigezweho muri siporo byasobanuwe mu Burayi bw'i Burengerazuba no muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru mu kinyejana cya 19 no mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, hanyuma bikwira mu bindi bice by'isi. Amateraniro menshi yo murwego rwo hejuru agezweho abera ayobowe na World Athletisme, urwego nyobozi ku isi ya siporo yimikino ngororamubiri, cyangwa abanyamuryango bayo ku mugabane wa federasiyo ndetse n’igihugu.
Inama yimikino ngororamubiri niyo nkingi yimikino Olempike. Inama mpuzamahanga ya mbere yimikino ngororamubiri ni Shampiyona yisi yimikino ngororamubiri, ikubiyemo gusiganwa ku maguru, kwiruka muri marato no kugenda n'amasiganwa. Andi marushanwa yo ku rwego rwo hejuru mu mikino ngororamubiri arimo Shampiyona y’imikino ngororamubiri ku isi ndetse na Shampiyona yisi ya Marathon. Abakinnyi bafite ubumuga bwumubiri barushanwe mu mikino Paralympike yo mu mpeshyi na Shampiyona y’imikino ngororamubiri.
Ijambo siporo ryakomotse ku kigereki cya kera ( athlētēs, "umurwanyi mumikino rusange") ( athlon , "igihembo") cyangwa ( athlos , "amarushanwa"). Ku ikubitiro, ijambo ryasobanuye amarushanwa ya siporo muri rusange - ni ukuvuga amarushanwa ya siporo ashingiye cyane cyane kubikorwa byumubiri byabantu. Mu kinyejana cya 19, ijambo siporo ryabonye ibisobanuro bigufi mu Burayi kandi biza gusobanura siporo irimo kwiruka mu marushanwa, kugenda, gusimbuka no guta. Ubu busobanuro bukomeje kugaragara mu Bwongereza no mu cyahoze ari Ingoma y'Ubwongereza. Amagambo ajyanye n'indimi z'ikidage na romance nayo afite ibisobanuro bisa.
Ahenshi muri Amerika ya ruguru, siporo ngororamubiri ni kimwe na siporo muri rusange, ikomeza gukoresha amateka y'iryo jambo. Ijambo "siporo ngororamubiri" rikoreshwa gake mu kwerekana siporo ngororamubiri muri kano karere. Umukino wo gusiganwa ku maguru urakunzwe, kandi ukoreshwa muri Amerika na Kanada mu kwerekana imikino ngororamubiri, harimo kugenda n'amasiganwa no kwiruka muri marato (nubwo kwiruka mu bihugu bisanzwe bifatwa nk'imikino itandukanye).
Kera
thumb|women athletes Amarushanwa y'imikino ngororamubiri mu kwiruka, kugenda, gusimbuka no guta biri mu bya kera cyane mu mikino yose kandi imizi yabyo ni amateka. Ibirori by'imikino ngororamubiri byerekanwe mu mva za kera zo mu Misiri i Saqqara, hamwe n'amashusho yo kwiruka mu iserukiramuco rya Heb Sed no gusimbuka hejuru kugaragara mu mva guhera mu 2250 mbere ya Yesu. Imikino ya Tailteann yari umunsi mukuru wa kera w’abaselite muri Irilande, washinzwe ahagana mu 1800 mbere ya Yesu, kandi inama yiminsi mirongo itatu yarimo kwiruka no gutera amabuye mumikino yabyo. Ibirori byumwimerere kandi byonyine mumikino olempike yambere muri 776 mbere ya Yesu byari ibirori byo kwiruka kuri stade bizwi nka stadion. Ibi nyuma byaragutse birimo gushiramo no gusimbuka ibyabaye muri pentathlon ya kera. Amarushanwa y'imikino ngororamubiri yabereye no mu yindi mikino ya Panhellenic, yashinzwe nyuma ya 500 mbere ya Yesu.
Referances
Ikiciro:Imikino
Guhumana kw' Ikirere
Ubwiza bw’ikirere bufitanye isano rya hafi n’ikirere cy’isi n’ibinyabuzima ku isi. benshi mu bagize uruhare mu guhumanya ikirere na bo ni isoko y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ni ukuvuga gutwika amavuta y’ibimera.
Ihumana ry’ikirere ni ikintu gikomeye cy’indwara ziterwa n’umwanda, harimo indwara zandurira mu myanya y'ubuhumekero, indwara z'umutima, COPD, inkorora na kanseri y'ibihaha. [Ibimenyetso bigenda byiyongera byerekana ko ihumana ry’ikirere rishobora kuba rifitanye isano no kugabanya amanota ya IQ, kutamenya neza, ibyago byinshi by’indwara zo mu mutwe nko kwiheba [8] ndetse n’ubuzima bubi bwa perinatal.] bigera kure, ariko cyane cyane bigira ingaruka kumyanya yubuhumekero yumubiri hamwe na sisitemu yumutima. Umuntu ku giti cye ku myuka ihumanya ikirere biterwa n'ubwoko bwanduye umuntu ahura nazo, urugero rw'imiterere, hamwe n'ubuzima bw'umuntu ndetse na genetiki. thumb|Imyuka Ihumanya ikirere Ihumana ry’ikirere ryo hanze riterwa no gukoresha peteroli y’ibinyabuzima ryonyine ritera abantu ~ miliyoni 3.61 bapfa buri mwaka, bigatuma riba umwe mu bagize uruhare runini mu rupfu rw’abantu, [6] [13] hamwe na ozone ya antropogene na PM2.5 bitera ~ miliyoni 2.1. ] Muri rusange, ihumana ry’ikirere ritera impfu z’abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 7 ku isi buri mwaka, cyangwa ku isi hose bivuze ko umuntu yatakaje igihe cyo kubaho (LLE) cy’imyaka 2.9, [16] kandi ni cyo kibazo kinini ku isi cyangiza ubuzima bw’ibidukikije, kikaba kitaragaragaje iterambere rikomeye. kuva byibura 2015. Ihumana ry’ikirere mu ngo hamwe n’ubuziranenge bw’ikirere bwo mu mijyi byashyizwe ku rutonde rw’ibibazo bibiri by’isi byangiza isi ku isi muri raporo ya 2008 y’ikigo cya Blacksmith Institute ku isi cyanduye cyane. Umubare w’ibibazo bihumanya ikirere ni munini: 90% byabatuye isi bahumeka umwuka mubi ku rugero runaka. Nubwo ingaruka zubuzima ari nyinshi, uburyo ikibazo gikemurwa bifatwa nkibidashoboka cyangwa birengagijwe.
Gutakaza umusaruro hamwe nubuzima bwangirika bwatewe n’umwanda w’ikirere bivugwa ko bizatwara ubukungu bw’isi miliyoni 5 z'amadolari y’Amerika ku mwaka ibikorwa bya muntu, nubwo rimwe na rimwe bigengwa mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro kandi bigakurikiranwa. Uburyo butandukanye bwo kurwanya umwanda n’ingamba birahari kugira ngo ikirere kigabanuke. Hashyizweho amategeko menshi mpuzamahanga ndetse n’igihugu kugira ngo agabanye ingaruka mbi ziterwa n’ikirere. Amategeko y’ibanze, iyo akozwe neza, yatumye habaho iterambere ryinshi mubuzima rusange. Zimwe muri izo mbaraga zagenze neza ku rwego mpuzamahanga, nka Protokole ya Montreal, [33] yagabanije irekurwa ry’imiti yangiza ya ozone yangiza, na Protokole ya Helsinki yo mu 1985, [34] yagabanyije imyuka y’umwuka, [35] mu gihe izindi, nk'ibikorwa mpuzamahanga ku bijyanye n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere,ntibyagenze neza.
Ibiziba
thumb|ingaruka z'isuri thumb|230x230px|Amazi y'ibiziba Mu mwaka ushize Abaturage bo mu tugari dutandukanye tw’Umurenge wa Rweru mu Karere ka Bugesera bavuze ko bahangayikishijwe n’ikibazo cy’uko abatuye uyu murenge batagira amazi yo kwifashisha mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi.
Ingaruka ziva mumazi y'Ibiziba
Bamwe mu baganiriye bavuze ko amazi bavoma ari mabi cyane ku buryo ngo kuyatekesha umuceri usanga uhinduka umuhondo, abandi bagaragaza ko ijerekani bavomeramo, amasafuriya batekeramo n’imyenda yabo ngo usanga byarahinduye amabara bitewe n’amazi mabi bakoresha. Dukunda kurwara inzoka cyane kubera ibizi tuvoma hariya hepfo biba birimo imyanda myinshi, ubwo iyo tubivomye tukabinywa abana bacu bakabinywa turwara inzoka.Ubuyobozi bw’Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Nzangwa giherereye muri uyu Murenge wa Rweru, buvuga ko mu barwayi bwakira abarwaye indwara ziterwa n’amazi mabi bihariye ikigero kiri hejuru cyane. Umuyobozi wacyo yagize ati “Ugereranije hagati ya 50% na 60% by’indwara twakira zose uziteranyije usanga zikomoka ku mazi mabi, ni ukuvuga impiswi cyane cyane ku bana n’inzoka no ku bakuru yaba no kubasaza no ku bakecuru.
Ibindi Wamenya
thumb|isuru ica imihanda Mu ngendo abadepite baherutse gukorera hirya no hino mu gihugu bagaragaje ko hari imirenge iri ku rwego rwo hasi mu kugeza amazi meza ku abaturage, ku kubitiro haza uyu murenge wa Rweru kuko basanze uri ku ijanisha rya 0%, mu gihe u Rwanda rwiyemeje ko mu mwaka wa 2024 abaturage bose bazaba baragezweho n’amazi meza ku kigero cya 100%. Abaturage bo mu Karere ka Rwamagana mu Mirenge ya Gahengeri na Musha barasaba ubuyobozi kubafasha kubona amazi meza ngo kuko ayo bavoma aturuka mu miserege, bakayanywa, bakayakaraba, bakayafurisha ndetse bakayatekesha bikarangira abateye indwara zirimo inzoka n’izindi. Ibi byatangajwe n’abaturage batuye mu Murenge wa Gahengeri mu Kagari ka Rugarama mu Midugudu ya Byimana na Nyarucyamo ndetse no mu Murenge wa Musha mu Kagari ka Nyakabanda mu Midugudu ya Ruhita na Rugarama. Aba baturage baturiye umuhanda wa kaburimbo bababazwa no kutagerwaho n’amazi meza ngo ubuyobozi bubabwira ko bigoranye kuyakurura akabageraho. Ibi bibagiraho ingaruka zo kurwara indwara zirimo inzoka n’izindi.
Icyubuyobozi bubivugaho
Buri muturage yashakaga gutanga 5000 Frw ariko abayobozi batubwiye ko bitarigukunda ko amazi meza abegera, ubu iyo imvura yaguye imyanda yose imanukiramo, hari nubwo ibisimba birimo imbwa bigongerwa mu muhanda bakabijugunya muri wa muferege w’amazi bikatugiraho ingaruka kuko niyo tunywa nta yandi tugira. Umuyobozi w’Umudugudu yavuze ko amazi abaturage bose bakoresha ari ay’ingarani atemba mu gishanga, ko abagiraho ingaruka z’uburwayi bw’inzoka.Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Akarere ka Rwamagana,yavuze ko hari umuyoboro w’amazi wagejejwe mu Murenge wa Gahengeri kuri ubu ngo ikigiye gukorwa ni ukuwuvugurura akagezwa mu bindi bice.
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Ibidukikije Ikiciro:Amazi
Ndikumana Hamad
Ndikumana Hamad witwaga Katauti yavutse 5 Ukwakira 1978 – yapfuye 15 Ugushyingo 2017,  ni umukinnyi wamamaye cyane hano mu Rwanda ndetse yanakiniye ikipe y’igihugu Amavubi, akaba yarakiniye amakipe atandukanye harimo Rayon sports fc aranayitoza hamwe na Musanze Fc, nandi m'akipe menshi y'iburayi, yakoze ubukwe bw’agatangaza na Oprah bwabereye muri Tanzaniya, urugo rwabo ntirwarabye kuko aba bombi batandukanye bamaze kubyarana umwana umwe w’umuhungu bise Krish Ndikumana.
AMASHAKIRO
Ikiciro:Rwanda Ikiciro:Abatoza ba Ruhago Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Ruhago
Ubuzima Mu Rwanda
thumb|Umuganga arimo gusuzuma umurwayi indwara zitandura. Agaciro Kubuzima mu Rwanda bwabaye amateka mabi cyane, haba mbere na nyuma ya jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe abatutsi. Mu 1998, abana barenze umwe kuri batanu bapfuye mbere yimyaka 5. akenshi bazize malariya. Ariko mu myaka yashize u Rwanda rwateye imbere ku bipimo byinshi by’ubuzima. Hagati ya 2005 na 2013, icyizere cyo kubaho cyiyongereye kiva kuri 55.2 kigera kuri 64.0, impfu z’abatarengeje imyaka 5 zagabanutse ziva kuri 106.4 zigera kuri 52.0 ku bana 1.000 bavutse ari bazima, kandi indwara y’igituntu yavuye kuri 101 igera kuri 69 ku bantu 100.000. ry’igihugu mu buvuzi ryatangajwe n’ibitangazamakuru mpuzamahanga n’abagiraneza. Atlantike yahaye ingingo "Ubuzima bw’amateka y’u Rwanda". Abafatanyabikorwa mu Buzima basobanuye inyungu z’ubuzima "mu bintu bitangaje isi yabonye mu myaka 50 ishize".
Ubuzima bw'ababyeyi n'umwana
U Rwanda ruri mu nzira zo gusohoza intego z'ikinyagihumbi 4 na 5. Ukurikije umubare w'abana bapfa bapfa bavuka, wagabanutse uva ku bantu 1,400 bapfa ku 100.000 bavutse ari bazima mu 1990 ugera ku 320 bapfa ku 100.000 bavutse ari bazima muri 2013. Ibi byari bifite impuzandengo yumwaka yo kugabanuka kugera kuri 8,6 kuva 2000 kugeza 2013. Bitewe n'impamvu zitandukanye nk'ubukene, imihanda mibi kubera ubutayu bw'imisozi mu cyaro, kuyobya imyizerere gakondo ndetse n'ubumenyi budahagije ku bibazo bijyanye no gutwita, 31 ku ijana by'abagore barangiza bakabyarira mu rugo nubwo bafite gahunda y'ubwishingizi bw'ubuzima rusange. Bimwe mu bisubizo byashakishijwe ku mbogamizi zirimo amahugurwa y’abakozi benshi bashinzwe ubuzima bw’abaturage (amatsinda y’ubuzima bwo mu mudugudu) kugira ngo bakangurire abaturage, hejuru yo kubaha telefoni zigendanwa kugira ngo bavugane n’ibigo nderabuzima mu bihe byihutirwa nko kuva amaraso. Umubare wa ambilansi kuri bimwe mu bigo nderabuzima byo mu cyaro nawo wariyongereye. Raporo iheruka gukorwa na OMS benshi mu bagore batwite bapfa bazize kuva amaraso (25%), hypertension (16%), gukuramo inda na sepsis (10% buri umwe) kandi umubare muto bapfa bazize embolisme (2%).
Icyifuzo cyo kuboneza urubyaro cyujujwe kuri 71% muri 2010; umubare w’abagore bagiye gusura mbere yo kubyara inshuro enye cyangwa zirenga wazamutse ugera kuri 35% mu mwaka wa 2010, bikaba bishobora kuba byaratumye ubwiyongere bugaragara bw’umubare w’abagore batwite bashaka umufasha w’inzobere mu kubyara uva kuri 26% mu 1992 ugera kuri 69% muri 2010. Mu rwego rwo gukumira virusi itera SIDA ku babyeyi kugeza ku mwana, mu mwaka wa 2010 ijanisha rya virusi itera sida n'abagore batwite bahabwa imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA ryazamutse riva kuri 67% rigera kuri 87% muri 2012. 45 ku ijana by'abagore bari hagati y’imyaka 15 na 49 koresha uburyo bwo kuboneza urubyaro. Ugereranyije, abagore bo mu Rwanda, babyara abana 4,6 mu buzima bwabo bwose (RDHS 2010).
VIH / SIDA
thumb|Ikirango cy'ubukangurambaga bwo kwirinda no gukumira ubwandu bwa sida. Mu bihe bya nyuma ya jenoside, Ikigega cy’isi gishinzwe kurwanya SIDA, Igituntu na Malariya (Global Fund) hamwe na gahunda yihutirwa ya Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika ishinzwe kurwanya SIDA (PEPFAR) byakoreshejwe cyane cyane muri gahunda za virusi itera SIDA mu Rwanda. Muri Kamena 2012, abantu 113 barwaye virusi itera SIDA mu Rwanda bahawe imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA, bituma u Rwanda (hamwe na Botswana ikize cyane) ruba kimwe mu bihugu bibiri byo muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara kugira ngo bigere ku ntego z'umuryango w'abibumbye zo kugera kuri bose imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA. . Icyorezo cya SIDA mu Rwanda cyagumye ku kigero cya 3% mu myaka irindwi ishize. Kubyerekeranye nigishushanyo cya gapminder, igereranya hagati yicyizere cyo kubaho numubare wabantu banduye virusi itera sida (umubare, imyaka yose). Irerekana ko hagati ya 1989 na 1990, umubare w'ababana na virusi itera SIDA wari 181.838 bafite icyizere cyo kubaho imyaka 48. Muri jenoside yo mu 1994, umubare wariyongereye ugera ku 200.000 ufite imyaka 6 yo kubaho. Mugihe cya nyuma ya jenoside, 1995 imibare yari ikiri imwe ariko icyizere cyo kubaho cyariyongereye kugeza ku myaka 40 kuko ubu gahunda ya sida yari yatangiye buhoro buhoro. Muri 2011, imibare yari ikiri imwe ariko icyizere cyo kubaho cyarashwe kugeza ku myaka 63 yerekanaga ko umubare wabantu bahabwa anti-virusi kandi wariyongereye bigatuma abantu benshi babaho igihe kirekire.
Malariya
thumb|Udukoresho twifashishwa mu gupima malariya. baturage bose b'u Rwanda bafite ibyago byo kurwara malariya. Kwandura ni mesoendemic (kugira kwanduza ibihe bisanzwe) mubibaya kandi bikunze kwibasirwa n'ibyorezo mubibaya birebire n'imisozi. Mu turere tw’icyorezo, kwandura malariya bibaho umwaka wose hamwe n’ibihe byinshi muri Gicurasi - Kamena na Ugushyingo - Ukuboza. U Rwanda rwateye intambwe ishimishije mu kurwanya malariya kuva mu 2005 kugeza 2012, muri icyo gihe hagabanutseho 86% by’abanduye malariya naho 74% by’impfu za malariya. Icyakora, hagati ya 2012 na 2016, u Rwanda rwiyongereyeho inshuro zirenga 8 ubwandu bwa malariya. Ubwiyongere bwagaragaye mu gihugu cyose ariko bunini mu ntara z’iburasirazuba n’Amajyepfo. Nubwo indwara ya malariya yiyongereye ku buryo bugaragara, ubwiyongere buke bwonyine bwagaragaye mu bantu bakomeye no mu rupfu, aho byagabanutse cyane ku bipimo by’impfu byerekana imicungire ikomeye ya malariya.
Igituntu
Kwagura no kuzamura uburyo bwo kuvura butaziguye Amasomo magufi (DOTS) mu ngingo esheshatu zo guhagarika igituntu (TB) zasobanuwe na Laserson na Wells zashyizwe mu bikorwa mu Rwanda na gahunda ihuriweho na minisiteri y’ubuzima gahunda yo kurwanya ibibembe n’igituntu kuva mu 1990. Ibi byatumye ibipimo byo gutsinda bivura biva kuri 58% (2003) bigera kuri 81% mu mpera za 2006. Mu 2005, ijanisha ryo kwandura igituntu ryari 24%, rikaba riri munsi y’intego yo gutahura indwara.
Patrick Epaphra Ngowi
Patrick Epaphra Ngowi ni rwiyemezamirimo wo muri Tanzaniya, umucuruzi, ibidukikije, umuyobozi w’ukuri ku bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ya Al Gore akaba na SDG 7 Pioneer. Patrick yashinze kandi ayobora imishinga myinshi mugihe cyumwuga we. thumb|Patrick ngowi
Umwuga
Ngowi yatangiye ubucuruzi bwe bwa mbere afite imyaka 15 ubwo yatangiraga kugurisha inyemezabuguzi zo hejuru kuri terefone zigendanwa mu mashuri yisumbuye. Nyuma yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi, Ngowi yakoze ingendo hagati y'Ubushinwa na Tanzaniya maze agarura terefone zigezweho kandi zihenze, atangira kugura terefone zidahenze ku bakora inganda zihenze no kuzigurisha ku isoko rya Tanzaniya. Yiyandikishije muri kaminuza ya Denzhou mu Bushinwa, yiga ingufu zishobora kubaho.
Patrick Ngowi yashinze Helvetic Solar mu 2007 kugira ngo itange kandi ishyire ibikoresho by'izuba muri Tanzaniya no muri Amerika. Isosiyete yahawe igihembo cya mbere cya KPMG mu masosiyete 100 ya mbere akomeye yo muri Tanzaniya mu mwaka wa 2012. Kuva icyo gihe ikigo cyahindutse itsinda ry'ubucuruzi butandukanye, ayoboye.
Indanganturo
Ikiciro:Afurika Ikiciro:Tanzaniya Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo Ikiciro:Abikorera Ikiciro:Iterambere rya Afurica Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika Ikiciro:Imibereho myiza Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi
Gutera ishyamba
Gutema amashyamba manini byashyizweho nk'uburyo bwo guhangana n' imihindagurikire y’ikirere, nubwo imikorere yayo igarukira ku ngaruka za albedo. thumb|ishyamba rikuze
Richard Bbaale
Richard Bbaale ni rwiyemezamirimo w’imibereho ukomoka muri Uganda washinze BanaPads mu mwaka wa 2010, isosiyete ikoresha imyanda ya pseudostem y’igitoki, ubusanzwe isigara ibora nyuma yo gusarura, ikora igitambaro cy’isuku. BanaPads ni igihembo cyatsindiye ikigo cy’imibereho cyanditswe muri Uganda na Tanzaniya hagamijwe gukora ibikoresho by’isuku bihendutse kandi bitangiza ibidukikije (100% biodegradable) kugira ngo abakobwa bo mu mudugudu bige ku ishuri kandi bihangire imirimo ku bagore baho. Amapaki nayo yegeranijwe kugirango akoreshwe nkifumbire kandi bivuze ko imyanda ijya mumyanda yaho izagabanuka kuva igitoki pseudo-stem nigicuruzwa gishobora gukoreshwa.
Amashuri
Afite Master mu bucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi kandi ni na we washinze SOVHEN UGANDA - umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta utera inkunga Imfubyi n’abana bafite intege nke ku buzima bwiza, uburezi n’imirire. Mu mwuga we yibanze ku gushushanya, gukora no gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa byita ku buzima bihendutse binyuze mu bikoresho bikomoka mu karere.
Mosunmola Abudu
Mosunmola Abudu azwi kandi ku izina rya Mo Abudu, (yavutse ku ya 11 Nzeri 1964), ni umuhanga mu itangazamakuru muri Nijeriya, umugiraneza, akaba n'umujyanama mu micungire y'abakozi. Forbes yavuze ko ari "Umugore Watsinze kurusha abandi muri Afurika" thumb|Mo Abudu & Hillary Clinton thumb|Mosunmola Abudu 1
Ubuzima bwa mbere
Mo Abudu yavukiye Hammersmith, mu Burengerazuba bwa London. Se yari injeniyeri na nyina yari umugabuzi. Inkomoko y'umuryango we iri mu mujyi wa Ondo, mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bwa Nijeriya. Ni imfura muri bashiki bacu batatu mu muryango. Mosunmola Abudu yimukiye muri Nijeriya afite imyaka 7 yo kubana na sekuru, asubira mu Bwongereza afite imyaka 11. thumb|Mosunmola Abudu 3
Akazi
Ku myaka 19, Mo Abudu yatorewe kuba ambasaderi w’ikirango cya AVON Cosmetics ku isoko rya Afurika. Abudu yatangiye umwuga we nk'umujyanama mu gushaka abakozi mu 1987 mu kigo cya Atlas Recruitment Consultancy mu Bwongereza, aho yimukiye muri Starform Group mu 1990. Yagarutse muri Nijeriya mu 1993, ahigwa bukware na Arthur Andersen kugira ngo ayobore abakozi. n'amahugurwa ku gihangange cya peteroli, ExxonMobil. Niwe washinze Vic Lawrence & Associates Limited. Yakomeje gukora, gukora no kwerekana ibihe hamwe na Mo, nyuma ashinga televiziyo (Ebony Life Televiziyo) kandi kugeza ubu akora ibintu by'imyidagaduro.
Indanganturo
Ikiciro:Isi Ikiciro:Afurika Ikiciro:Nijeriya Ikiciro:Rwiyemeza mirimo Ikiciro:Umugore Ikiciro:Iterambere rya Afurica Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi Ikiciro:Imibereho myiza Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n'isakazabumenyi mu majyambere
Kanku Mulekelayi
Kanku Mulekelayi,(Yavutse Ku ya 1 Mutarama 1980) i Lubumbashi, niumukinnyi ukina umupira w'amaguru ukomoka muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo ukina nku mukinnyi wo hagati wa TP Mazembe.
amahuza yo hanze
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo
Kirasa Alain
Kirasa Alain yavutse mu mwaka 1975 ni umugabo akaba umutoza w'umupira w'amaguru wavukiye mu igihugu cy’u Burundi,  Arubatse afite umugore umwe n’abana bane b’abahungu bose, Kirasa avuka ku babyeyi batandukanye ku bwene gihugu, kuko mama umubyara ni umunyarwandakazi, mu gihe papa we ari umurundi.
AMASHURI YIZE
Kirasa Alain Amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye, uyu mutoza yayigiye mu gihugu cy’u Burundi. Mu mashuri yisumbuye yize ibijyanye n’Ubutabire (Biochimie) hanyuma ageze muri Kaminuza yiga ibijyanye no kuvura amatungo n’ibindi bijyana na byo (Agronomy Faculty), Aya mashuri yisumbuye yayize mu gihugu cy’u Burundi, ariko nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1995, ni bwo Kirasa n’umuryango we baje mu Rwanda hanyuma uyu mutoza ahita akomereza amasomo ye muri Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda.
MU MUPIRA WAMAGURU
Kirasa yatangiye gukina umupira w’amaguru igihugu cy’u Burundi, Atangira mu yitwaga Fantastic, azamukira mu yitwaga Rumuri FC ubu yabaye LLB yigeze kuba ikipe ya Kaminuza Nkuru y’i Burundi, Uyu mutoza yakiniye amakipe arimo Prince Louis FC y’i Burundi mbere y’uko aza mu Rwanda mu 1995, yahise ajya mu ikipe y’Intare FC icyo gihe yabarizwaga mu Karere ka Huye ikayoborwa na Gen. Kazura Jean Bosco, Mu 1996, ni bwo Kirasa yatangiye gukinira ikipe ya Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda  yakinaga mu Cyiciro cya Mbere ndetse we n’ikipe ye banakora amateka yo gutsinda Rayon Sports FC icyo gihe, Nyuma y’umyaka  ahita yerekeza mu kipe ya Mukura V.S mu mwaka wa 1998-1999, nyuma yahise yerekeza muri APR FC yatozwaga na Haribakare Bodouin (Ndindi) ahatwara ibikombe, kubera ikibazo cy’amikoro cyatumye abakinnyi benshi  bakerekeza mu yandi m'akipe Kirasa Alain, yahise yerekeza mu ikipe ya Les Citadins FC (AS Kigali FC) ndetse bitewe n’uko yari yarasoje kwiga Kaminuza ahita ahabwa akazi mu Umujyi wa Kigali kandi akomeza no gukina, yahatwaye Igikombe cy’Amahoro ari kumwe n’umutoza Sogonya Hamiss Cyishi, ari naho yahagarikira no gukina umupira w’amaguru.
MU IKIPE Y'IGIHUGU
Kirasa Alain Ubwo yakinaga mu gihugu cy’u Burundi akiri muto, yagize amahirwe yo guhamagarwa mu makipe y’abakiri bato y’igihugu cy’u Burundi uhereye ku kipe ya U17, U20, ariko ntagire amahirwe yo kujya mu bakinnyi 18 bakina umukino, Kirasa kandi, yavuze ko mu Rwanda naho atabonye amahirwe yo gukinira Ikipe y’Igihugu, Amavubi ariko amakipe y’abato yose yagiye amuhamagara ariko ntabone umwanya mu bakinnyi 18 ba nyuma, ahanini bitewe n’amasomo ye, Ubwo u Rwanda rwakiraga imikino ya Cecafa y’Ibihugu, hari amakipe abiri arimo: Rwanda A na Rwanda B, icyo gihe uyu mutoza yahamagawe muri Rwanda B ariko ntiyabona umwanya wo kujya ku rutonde rw’abakinnyi bakoreshejwe, Icyo gihe Rwanda B yatozwaga n’umutoza Rudasingwa Longin wanatoje Rayon Sports FC.
MU GUTOZA
Kirasa Alain Mu mwaka 2010, ni bwo uyu mutoza yajyaga mu ikipe ya KIST FC icyo gihe yakinaga mu Cyiciro cya Mbere yatozwaga n’umutoza Muhire Hassan, Icyo gihe Kirasa yahise atangira kungiriza Hassan ariko uwo mwaka ntabwo umutoza mukuru yawusoreje muri iyi kipe kubera ibyo atumvikanyeho n’Ubuyobozi, hanyuma Kirasa ayisigarana atyo nk’umutoza mukuru, Uwo mwaka, basoje bafite amanota meza yabemereraga kuguma mu Cyiciro cya Mbere, Umwaka wakurikiyeho, ni bwo Ubuyobozi bwa KIST bwahise bukura ikipe mu Cyiciro cya Mbere kubera ikibazo cy’amikoro, hanyuma uyu mutoza na we ahitamo kujya gukora ibindi aba ahagaritse ibyo gutoza, Nyuma y’indi myaka itatu atari mu butoza, ni bwo yaje kongera gutangira gutoza amakipe y’abana i Kinyinya afatanya n’umugabo witwa Samuel wigeze kuyobora Vitalo’o FC y’i Burundi ndetse na Gakuba Andrew, ahatoza imyaka igera kuri itatu, Nyuma y’aho, uyu mutoza yaje kujya  mu kipe ya Heroes FC ikina mu Cyiciro cya Kabiri, Icyo gihe yayoborwaga na Fidèle ukiyiyobora kugeza magingo aya, bageze mu mikino ya ¼ cy’irangiza basezererwa n’ikipe ya Rwamagana Fc, nyuma yo kuva mu kipe ya Heroes FC, yahise ahabwa icyizere cyo kujya kungiriza umutoza Cassa Mbungo Andre muri Kiyovu Sports yavuyemo yerekeza muri Rayon Sports ubu ari muri Police Fc.
IMPAMYABUSHOBOZI AFITE
Kirasa Alain yagiye akora amahugurwa atandukanye ari ku rwego rwa CAF na FIFA, Kugeza ubu ni umutoza uri ku rwego rwa License  C CAF yabonye mu 2015, Yagiye mu mahugurwa ya FIFA yo kongerera abakinnyi ingufu (Physical trainer) n’andi mahugurwa atandukanye yagiye akora nyuma y’aho yari amaze kujya mu Ishyirahamwe ry’Abatoza mu Rwanda.
AMASHAKIRO
Ikiciro:Rwanda Ikiciro:Abatoza ba Ruhago Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Ruhago
URUTEJA
thumb URUTEJA ni icyatsi kirandaranda hasi nk'urwiri gifite amababi kikagira ururenda muguhe ugikase. uruteja runi zikunda kumera mu byobo, cyangwa mu ntoki, ngo hari ubwoko bw’amahumane zivura, hari n’ibibyimba zivura ndetse n’amasekera, umuntu avuna uruteja, agasiga umushongi cyangwa ururenda warwo aharwaye hagakira.
AMABABI
Kurya ibyakwangiza umubiri (intoxications alimentaires): umukamato w’amababi uyanike yume, ikiyiko 1 cy’ifu yayo ukivange n’amazi y’akazuyaze mu kirahure 1 mu gitondo, 1 ku manywa, 1 nijoro, unywa.
Murungi Sabin
Murungi Sabin ni umunyamakuru uzwi cyane muruhando rw'itangaza makuru mu Rwanda aho amazina ye bwite yitwa "Munyengabe Murungi Sabin" uyu umunyamakuru amaze imyaka irenga icumi mu mwuga w'ubunyamakuru hano mu Rwanda akaba kandi anakorera ibinyamakuru birimo "Inyarwanda,  Igihe.com ubu akaba ari we muyobozi wa Isimbi Tv hamwe na Isimbi.rw.
URUTEJA
AMABABI
Ufata ikiyiko 1 ukakivanga n’ikirahure 1 cy’amazi y’akazuyaze buri nshuro, 3 ku munsi.
Murungi Sabin
AMASHAKIRO
Ikiciro:Rwandan artists Ikiciro:Umunyarwanda Ikiciro:Itangazamakuru
URUTEJA
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Ibidukikije Ikiciro:Ibiti Ikiciro:Ubuhinzi
Rwandan Epic
Rwandan Epic irushanwa mpuzamahanga ry’amagare yo mu misozi, itegurwa na Rwanda Alternative Riding Events (RAR Events) ku bufatanye n’Ishyirahamwe ry’Umukino w’Amagare mu Rwanda (FERWACY), ubu ryari rigizwe n’uduce dutanu aho ryatwawe n'umunyarwanda HABIMANA Jean Eric ndetse n’umudage Karl Platt.
AMASHAKIRO
Ikiciro:Igare Ikiciro:Amarushanwa ku igare Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa magare Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda
Muhayimpundu Ratif
Muhayimpundu Ratif ni umugore w’umunyarwanda akaba akinira ikipe y’abagore yo mu Cyiciro cya Kabiri ya Youvia WFC akaba yarabigize umwuga.
AHO AKINA
Muhayimpundu Ratif akaba akina mu kibuga hagati, akaba yarazamukiye mu ishuri ry'umupira wamaguru, akinisha amaguru yombi intgo akaba ari uko bafasha kuba bazamutse mucyiciro cyisumbuyeho. Muhayimpundu Ratif yagize ikibazo cyoguta ubwenge ubwo ikipe akinanira itabashije kuzamutse mu cyiciro cyisumbuyeho.
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Siporo
Knob billed duck
Knob Billed Duck
thumb Ni inyoni yo muri afrika iboneka mu bishanga byo muturere dushyuha nko
Tobias Kouendolo Badila
Tobiya Badila Kouendolo, uzwi ku izina rya Tobiya Badila, (yavutse Ku ya 12 Gicurasi 1993 muri Dijon) Ni umukinnyi ukina umupira w'amaguru ari mpuzamahanga ukomoka muri congo. Yakinnye ibumoso.
Knob billed duck
Knob Billed Duck
muri africa yo munsi y'ubutayu bwa sahara, madagascar.no kumugabane
Tobias Kouendolo Badila
Umwuga
Mu 2006, Tobias Badila yinjiye mu kuzamura bwa mbere ibyiringiro bya pole ya Dijon, mu myaka ibiri yabanjirije imyitozo.
Gutura mumanegeka
thumb|Leta ikomeje kwimura abatuye muu manegeka
Gregory V. Jones
Gregory V. Jones ni umugabo ukomoka ku mugabane wa amerika mu bushakashatsi bwi kirere akaba ari nzobere mu bijyanye ni kirere cyu buhinzi bwi mbuto, yibanda ku kuntu imihindagurikire yi kirere igira ingaruka ku mikurire yi mizabibu, umusaruro wa divayi, ndetse nu bwiza bwa divayi ikorwa. Jones akaba ari umuyobozi mukuru wa Abacela Vineyards na Winery i Roseburg, Oregon. Mbere yahoze akora nku muyobozi wi kigo gishinzwe kwigisha divayi kandi ni umwarimu mu bushakashatsi bwi bidukikije muri kaminuza ndetse anaba umuyobozi wi shami ryu bucuruzi, itumanaho ni bidukikije muri kaminuza y’amajyepfo ya Oregon muri Oregoni kandi yari Porofeseri muri gahunda yu bumenyi ni bidukikije muri kaminuza.
Ubushakashatsi
Ubushakashatsi bwa Jones bwasobanuwe kandi ubuhanga bwe bwagaragaye mu bitabo by’ubucuruzi bwa divayi no ku mbuga za interineti harimo: Ikinyamakuru muri Gicurasi 2015,   cya Oregoni muri  Gicurasi 2015, [ 3  Divayi nini yo mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba  Mata 2015,   ( Ukuboza 2014), Nzeri 2013),  Ikinyamakuru  mu gushyingo 2012),  n'ikinyamakuru Mail Tribune (Kamena 2009).
Gutura mumanegeka
Gutura Mumanegeka bita Mukajagari
Tariki 15 Nzeri mu mwaka 2022,Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Kigali bwatangiye igikorwa cyo kwimura imiryango yari imaze igihe yarinangiye kwimuka mu midugudu ya Kangondo na Kibiraro mu murenge wa Remera, berekeza mu Busanza mu karere ka Kicukiro aho bubakiwe umudugudu w’icyitegererezo.
Gregory V. Jones
Icyubahiro n'ibihembo
Mu mwaka wa 2016, Jones yahawe igihembo cy'icyubahiro na Ranki na Conifirariya kubera akazi yakoranye n'inganda zikora divayi muri Porutugali.
Gutura mumanegeka
Abari batuye Mumanegeka
Hakozwe igikorwa cyo kwimura mu buryo rusange bitandukanye n’uko byari bisanzwe bikorwa aho uwashakaga kwimuka yegeraga ubuyobozi bukamufasha akaba yakwimuka wenyine.Aba baturage bari baratsimbaraye ku cyemezo cyo kwimukira mu Mudugudu w’Icyitererezo wa Busanza kuri ubu bamaze kwimukirayo basangayo bagenzi babo bahamaze igihe. Bahamya ko kutagira amakuru ari bimwe mu byatumaga binangira kuri iyi gahunda ya leta yo kubatuza heza. Ni igikorwa cyagizwemo uruhare n’inzego zitandukanye zirimo iz’ibanze n’iz’umutekano kugira ngo hatagira ikibazo na kimwe kivuka. thumb|Relocation of people from Risk to Safe Place
Uko byari byfashe mukwimura Abaturage
Ni urugendo rumaze imyaka itanu aho ikibazo cyanagejejwe mu nkiko abaturage bamwe bagaragaza ko batishimiye ingurane bahawe, ariko Leta ikomeza kwerekana ko aribwo buryo bwiza kandi buhamye. Umuvugizi Wungirije wa Guverinoma y’u Rwanda,yavuze ko kwimura abo baturage bikomeza gukorwa nta muvundo.yagize ati Gutura heza kandi neza ni uburenganzira bwa buri munyarwanda kandi ni inshingano za leta kubishyira mu bikorwa,Kwimura abaturage bava Kibiraro na Kangondo bajya mu Busanza byarateguwe nta n’uzahutazwa.Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Kicukiro bwahaye ikaze aba baturage buvuga ko bagiye kwakira aba baturage nk’uko bagenzi babo bahatuye mbere bakiriwe ndetse abazakenera gufashwa mu buryo bw’umwihariko nk’ababyeyi bafite abana biga n’abandi bafite ibibazo bitandukanye, bazafashwa.
Tobias Kouendolo Badila
Umwuga
Nyuma yo gukoranywa na Dijon FCO, yasinyanye amasezerano ya mbere n’umwuga na Nancy mu mpeshyi yo muri 2013, nyuma y’uko ikipe ye imanuka muri Ligue 2.
Gutura mumanegeka
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Ibidukikije
Tobias Kouendolo Badila
Umwuga
Muri Mutarama 2019, byabaye ngombwa ko ahagarika umwuga afite imyaka 25 gusa, nyuma yo kuvumbura indwara ya autoimmune (genetique) yamuteye gutakaza igice kinini cy'ubushobozi bw'umubiri.
Ibingwi
Yatsinze muri Ligue 2 muri 2016 hamwe na AS Nancy-Lorraine.
amahuza yo hanze
Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo
Knob billed duck
Knob Billed Duck
w'ubuhinde kuva mu majyaruguru y'ubuhinde kugera laos no mumajyepfo
y'ubushinwa.
IMITERERE
thumb ubu bwoko busanzwe nti bushidikanywaho ni bumwe mubwoko bunini
bw'inyoni,uburebure bushobora kuva kuri (56 to 76cm (22-30in) amababa
ari hagati ya (116 to145 cm (46 to 57in) Uburebure kuva (1.03 to 2.9 kg (2.3 to 6.4in)
inyoni zikuze zifite umutwe wera wuzuyeho amababa yijimye ikagira ijosi
ryera, ifite ipfundo rinini ry'umukara nkibirango. imirire
Inzu y'amazi
Inzu y'amazi ni imwe mu nyubako zisigaye zituwemo zerekana imyubakire ya Berezile mu gihugu cya Nijeriya. Iyi nyubako iherereye mu muhanda wa Kakawa, mu mujyi wa Lagos, ku kirwa cya Lagos kandi yubatswe mu kinyejana cya 19 mu gihe cy'ubukoroni muri Lagos. Yari ifitwe kandi ituwe na Candido Da Rocha.
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Nijeriya Ikiciro:Amateka
Uruganda rwa Hippo
Uruganda rwa Hippo ni uruganda rw’amabati agezweho rwitwa rufitwe na Sosiyeti yitwa S & H industries ndtese ihuriwemo na Sisay Investment Ltd yo mugihugu cyo muri Etiopiya ndetse hamwe na Horizon group Ltd.
Mu Rwanda
Uruganda rwa Hippo ni uru ruganda rufite umwihariko wo kuba ari urwa mbere mu Rwanda ruzwiho gukora amabati aho aba atwikiriwe n’amabuye aseye akomeye ndetse mu buhanga bukomeye biyaha kuramba ndetse no gusa neza hazamono gukomera. Nkuko byatangajwe uru ruganda ni imbonekarimwe muri Afurika iri munsi y’Ubutayu bwa Sahara kuko rukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo muri Koreya y’Epfo.
Amabati
Uruganda rwa Hippo ni uruganda aho rukora amabati y’ibyiciro bitandukanye bitewe nuko abarugana bifite harimo nka Hippo tile na Hippo classic ndetse na Hippo Shingle gusa yose ahuriweho no kuba afubitswe n’amabuye aseye ndetse akoranywe na Aluminumu ndetse na Zinke.
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo
All City Rwanda Ltd
thumb|Icyicaro cy'uruganda rwa All City Rwanda Ltd. All City Rwanda Ltd ni ikigo cyangwa se uruganda ruri mpuzamahanga rukora ibikoresho byubaka. Rwabaye uruganda rukora kandi rutunganya ibikoresho bitandukanye bigaragara ku isoko mu Rwanda kuva Ukwakira 2017.
Ibikoresho
All City Rwanda Ltd Kuva rwatangira imirimo y'ubwubatsi muri mwaka wa 2017, aho rukora ibikorsho bitandukanye nkaho, Imisumali ndetse n’ibyuma bikora ibisenge, amaferabeto n’ubundi bwoko bw’ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi bitandukanye, ubu rukora amabati yo mu gusakara yiganje mu bwoko bubiri; harimo ayo bita asanzwe ariyo Garvanized iron sheet na Aluminium n’ayitwa amabara ya Pre paint iron sheet hakabamo ay’ubwoko bwatatu nka Supercovers akoreshwa cyane ku nyubako z’amashuri n’insengero. Hari kandi evertile ari mu ishusho y’amategura yifashishwa mu gukora igisenge bigezweho kandi bikomeye nka ondule, tubes.
Amashakiro
Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo
Impapuro z'isuku
thumb|impapuro z'isuku zikoreshwa n'abakobwa bari mu mihango Impapuro z'isuku zirimo impapuro zikoreshwa mu isuku yo mu bwiherero, ibitambaro by'isuku, ibitambaro byo kwihanagura mu maso maso, n'ibikoreshwa mu isuku y'abana bato. Urwo rupapuro ruba rutunganijwe kandi rworoshye.
ingano y'umusaruro ku isi mu 2013 wari toni miliyoni 30.9, wiyongereye kuva mu 1993. Umusaruro wose w'ibicuruzwa wikubye kabiri hagati ya 1993 na 2013. Umusaruro ukwirakwizwa ku isi yose hamwe na Amerika itanga hafi 40%, Aziya 31%, n'Uburayi 27%, ariko Afurika na Oseyaniya 1% gusa. Mu bihugu biza ku isonga, USA itanga 20%, Ubushinwa 13%, Ubuyapani 5%, n'Ubutaliyani 4%. Ku isi hose ibyoherezwa mu mahanga mu mwaka wa 2013 byageze kuri toni miliyoni 2.4 na miliyari 3,5 z’amadolari y’Amerika hamwe n’Uburayi nicyo kiza ku isonga mu bihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze (64%) n’abatumiza mu mahanga (58%). thumb|impapuro z'isuku zikoreshwa mu bwihererro
Ubuhinzi bw'amashaza
thumb|Amashaza
Intagiriro
thumb|Amashaza Amashaza, ikiribwa cy’ingirakamaro ku ndwara zitandukanye Amashaza agizwe n’umugabane munini w’amazi (78,9%). n’ibindi bya ngombwa bikenura umubiri: nka amidon n’isukari nke ya sakaroze. Afite proteyine (5,42%), akaba azirusha ibirayi (2,07%), ahubwo akaba asatira umuceri (6,61%). Uretse ko ari inyuma cyane y’ibishyimbo by’umweru (23,4%). Proteyine z’amashaza ziruzuye, uretse ko zikennye ku yitwa metiyonine, naho iyitwa lizine yo ikaba nyinshi cyane. Ariko bitewe n’uko ibinyampeke biba bikize cyane kuri iyo proteyine ya metiyonine, nyamara na byo bigakena kuri lizine (lysine), ni yo mpamvu kurya amashaza yatekanywe n’ibinyampeke byuzuzanya neza bigakungahaza umubiri. Harimo urusobe rwa vitamini B (nka B1, B2, B6, niacine, folates) z’ingenzi cyane mu gutuma umutima ukora neza, ndetse n’ubwonko. Harimo kandi vitamin C (40%), hafi kunganya n’indimu (53%), icyakora kapusine ikabirusha byose (285%). Amashaza atanga na vitamini A ku bwinshi, ndetse na vitamini E. Ni yo mpamvu iyo yatekanywe n’ibinyampeke aba ingirakamaro cyane ku mikorere myiza y’imyanya ishinzwe imyororokere, akagirira akamaro n’abagore batagira amahirwe yo gusama n’abagabo bafite ibibazo byo kubyara, abagore batwita zikavamo zitageze igihe. Amashaza afite n’imyunyu ngugu, nka potasiyumu (244%), uyu munyuukaba ingenzi cyane ku mikorere myiza y’umutima. Afite n’umunyu w’ubutare (fer: 1,47%), manyeziyumu, zinc na manyeziyumu, bityo agatuma ubwonko bukora neza. Abo amashaza agirira akamaro. thumb|Amashaza
Indwara n’uburyo bwo kurwanya udukoko
thumb|Ubuhinzi bw'amashaza
Ibibara bifite inguni ku mababi
Ibibara bikora inguni ku mababi (ALS, iterwa n’uduhumyo (Phaeoisariopsis griseola), bifatwa nk’indwara ikomeye cyane y’ibishyimbo mu duce twinshi. Ifata amashami y’ibishyimbo, amababi n’imisogwe.
'''Ibibara bihera ku ruhande rwo hasi rw’ikibabi bikagarurwa n’uturandaryi tw’ikibabi, bibanza kuba ikigina hanyuma bigahinduka isine. Ibibara biba bizengutswe n’urugori rweruruka. Kuba ibibara bikora inguni ni ikimenyetso cy’ingetsi kiranga uduhumyo tuyitera ('P. griseola''). Ibibara bishobora kuba byinshi cyane ku buryo amababi ahunguka imburagihe. Ibibara byo ku ruti bya by’indwara ierwa n’uduhumyo P. griseola biba ari birebire kandi ari isine. Ibibara byo ku misogwe ntibiba byinshi nko ku mababi. Biba biteye nk’igi cyangwa uruziga, bitangira biri inyuma, imirongo y’umukara hagati hijimye henda gutukura. Ibibara birutanwa mu bugari, amaherezo biba byinshi bigahura umusogwe wose ukuzura.
Ascochyta ku mababi n’ibibara ku misogwe
Indwara y’ibibara ku mababi no ku misogwe irakomeye ku amashaza. Ibimenyetso bigaragara ku mababi, amashami no ku misogwe ku gihingwa cyafashwe bishobora kwitiranywa iyo ikiri mu ikiciro cya mbere aho ibibara biba bias n’ikigina. Ku mababi, utubara duto tw’uruziga tw’igaju ni two tubanza kuza. Buhoro buhoro uko indwara ikwira, ibibara biba bigari kandi bikeruruka, hanyuma bikagenda byijima. Bitangira gufata iforomo ndinganire, bigafatana bigakwira igice kinini k’ikibabi. Igice kegereye ibibara bishobora guhinduka umukara hameze nk’ ahaboze. Mu bibara hagati hazamo utundi tudomo tw’umukara tungana n’umutwe w’urushinge (pycnidia). Ibi biboeneka mu duce tubamo ubuhehere bwinshi kandi tuba turi ku mirongo iteye nk’uruziga ikurikiranye. Ku mashami ibibara biba ari birebire, bigera imbere cyane byijmye cyane kurusha ku mababi kandi hariho bene twa tudomo (pycnidia) tunyanyagiye. Amashami ashobora kwisatura byagera aharwaye akavunika, bigatera igihingwa kugwa. Ku misogwe, ibibara byinjira imbere hagati hijimye n’imirongo yo ku mpande yijimye. Hashobora kuzaho utudomo (pycnidia) twinshi. Ibibara byakuze bishobora kwinjira imbere mu misogwe bigafata imbuto zikanyunyuka zigahindura n’ibara. Imbuto zafashwe zigira utudomo tw’umuhondo wijimye ku ruhu rw’inyuma, ibyo bigabanya cyane agaciro kabyo ku isoko. Iyo indwara ya Ascochyta yaje mu bihingwa itinze imbuto z’ibishyimbo zizana amabara, icyo gihe indwara iba yari ku rwego rwo hasi bivugako gutera imiti byari bikenewe. thumb|Amashaz ni bimwe mubwoko bw'imboga
Kurwanya iyo ndwara Ascochyta
Mu kurwanya iyi ndwara bahuriza hamwe ibikorwa bitandukanye: guhitamo neza umurima, guhitamo imbuto zihanganira indwara, gutera neza imiti ku mababi no gusarura kare imbuto z’amashaza zitarahindurwa ibara n’indwara.
Umugese
Kuyirwanya:
Indwara y’ububembe bw’amashaza (BCMV) n’indwara y’ibibara biterwa na virusi (BCMNV)
zitera kubemba no kubora (imizi iba umukara) ku amashaza. Ibimenyetso byazo bihinduka bitewe n’ubwoko bwa virusi izitera, ubushyuhe n’imiterere karemano y’ubwoko bw’ibishyimbo byafashwe. Ibimenyetso bijyanye no kubemba birimo kwikunja cyangwa hakaza udufuka (utubumbe), ibibara byeruruka n’icyatsi cyijimye ku mababi, imirongo y’uturandaryi ifite ibara ryihariye, ibipande byikunje by’umuhondo no kugwingira igihingwa ntigikure naza. Ibibabi byikunje byahinduye ibara bikizamuka byerekana ko urubuto rwatewe arirwo rwari rurwaye. Igihingwa rero gishobora kubemba bisanzwe bizwi kikazana ibibara cyangwa kigahinduka umukara.
Inzira zishoboka zo kurwanya BCMV/BCMNV harimo:
Inda zangiza amashaza
thumb|Ubuhinzi bw'amashaza bujyezweho Inda z’amashaza zanduza virusi kuva ku gihingwa kimwe ujya ku kindi, imboga n’ibiti by’imirimbo. Inzuzi z’ibihaza, konkombure, situruye, wotameloni, amashaza, ibirayi, leti, beterave ni ibihingwa bifatwa na virusi zizanwa n’ubuhunduguru. Virusi zihindura ibara ry’ikimera, biba umuhondo cyangwa ababi akikunja ikimera kikadindira mu gukura. N’ubwoinda z’amashaza zica umusaruro cyane, biragogoye kuzirwanya, kuberako n’iyo zaba nke mu murima zironona cyane; inda ikwirakwiza virusi mu minota mike mu gihe bitwara igihe kinini ngo uyicishe umuti wica udukoko.
Umushinga w’igihugu cya Costa Rica wo gutera imigano
Umushinga w’imigano w’igihugu cya Costa Rica watangijwe mu mwaka w'1986 ufite intego ebyiri zawo ni ukugabanya ibikorwa byo gutema amashyamba ahubwo hagaterwa ibiti by'imigano bigasimbuzwa ibyatemwe nk’ibikoresho by’ibanze byubaka no bifasha kubona amazu ahendutse ku bakene bo mu cyaro cya Costa Rica. Mu guhinga no kubaka hamwe n’imiterere kavukire y’imigano minini yitwa Guadua, Umushinga w’imigano w’igihugu washoboye gukusanya amazu ibihumbi n’ibihumbi ku bakene, ugirira akamaro ibidukikije, ndetse no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rishingiye ku migano.
Ubuhinzi bw'amashaza
Kurwanya indwara z’amashaza
N’ubwo inda z’amashaza zica rimwe na rimwe igihingwa cyakuze, ibyorezo zitera n’umushongi zishyira ku bihingwa bituma biba ngombwa kuzirwanya. Rimwe na rimwe imiti yica udukoko yica n’udusimba dufite umumaro hamwe n’ibyonnyi icyarimwe.
Umushinga w’igihugu cya Costa Rica wo gutera imigano
Mu mwaka w'1995, umushinga w’imigano w’igihugu washyikirijwe Fondasiyo ya FUNBAMBU ishinzwe kubungabunga no gukomeza inshingano z’umushinga wo kubaka amazu y’imigano ihendutse. thumb|ibiti by'imigano
Ubuhinzi bw'amashaza
Kugenzura umurima kenshi
Ni byiza kugenzura umurima buri gihe (nibura 2 mu cyumweru), ukareba niba ibihingwa byatewe bikura  vuba ugahita utangira kurwanya utu dukoko kakiri kare utwica, umenaho umuti cyangwa amababi yafashwe uyavanaho. Inda z’amashaza zikunze gutera ibyorezo mu gihe hari ubushyuhe ariko ntibwabishobora kuri degere 65-80 F. Iyo inda z’amashaza zamaze gufata amababi akikunjakunja biragoye kuzicisha imiti yica udukoko kuko bwihisha mu mababi yikunje akaburinda kugerwaho n’imiti ndetse n’ibindi byabuhiga.
Indwara ziterwa na bagiteri mu amashaza
Kubabuka bitewe na bagiteri, uruhumbu n’ibibara byijimye biterwa na bagiteri zose ni indwara ziterwa na bagiteri zifata ibibabi by’ibishyimbo. Ibimenyetso zerekana n’igihe uburwayi bumara byenda gusa kuri izo ndwara uko ari 3. Kubera izo mpamvu, gusuzuma ngo umenye ndwara iyo ariyo biragoye. Kubw’amahirwe izo ndwara zishobora kurwanywa mu buryo bumwe. Akenshi uburwayi butewe na bagiteri ku mababi bubanza kuza ari utudomo bufite inguni cyangwa ari uruziga twuzuyemo amazi (icyatsi kijimye). Uko indwara igenda ikwira, biba ibibara byeruruka kandi byumye, ikindi gika kikazenguruka cya kibara. Amababi yafashwe cyane ahinduka umuhondo agashwanyagurika iyo ayo mababi akuze cyangwa aguye hasi.
Kurwanya Indwara ziterwa na bagiteri mu amashaza