cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Universidad ning Pilipinas
Amlat
Kanitang dekadang 1950, elilan na ning U.P. ing kayang paralan king pamagaral a katlung lebel o kolehiyu kapamilatan ning pamitátag kareng bayung departamentu o unit ampong payung programa. Mika bayung kapanumanan o reporma kanitang 1959, ing programa ning Pangkabilugan a Pamagaral (General Education Program). Ing G.E. program megi yang serie o pamituki-tuki da reng core courses (kursung pang-pundasiun) para kareng eganaganang magaral king lebel a kolehiyu o undergraduate. Miyayampang la reng keraklan kareng kursung deti king lumang a College of Liberal Arts. Uli na niti, pepalyari nang Pamuntuk Vicente Sinco ing pamibayu ning kolehiyu king metung a University College a miyampang kareng core subject king mumunang aduang banua ning kolehiyu. Samantala, miyampang ne mang major course humanidades, natural a siensia ampong siensiang pang-sosiedad king College of Arts and Sciences ampo king Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. Mitátag la kanitang terminu nang Pamuntuk Sinco deng karagdagang kolehiyu ampong instituto. Kayabe la kareti deng Institute of Public Administration (1952), Statistical Center (1953), Labor Education Center (ing salukuyan a School of Labor and Industrial Relations, a mitátag kanitang 1954), Asian Studies Institute (ing salukuyan a Asian Center, a mitátag kanitang 1955), Institute of Library Science (1961), ampo ing College of Home Economics (1961). King lalam ning pamanibala nang Carlos P. Romulo, mitátag la reng Population Institute, Law Center ampo ing Applied Geodesy and Photogrammetry Training Center kanitang 1964, Institute of Mass Communications, College of Business Administration, ampo ing Institute of Planning kanitang 1965, Computer Center, Institute for Small-Scale Industries kanitang 1966, Institute of Social Work ampo ing Community Development kanitang 1967 ampo ing Asian Center kanitang 1968.
Aniang panaun ning leyi militar (martial law), sibukan ning kapanibalan ning U.P. ing pamanatili kareng bageng dirinan nang ulaga (priorities) king pamagaral, ampo ing kayang pamagsarili antimong metung a institusion. Aniang panaun a masikan ing aktibismu king unibersidad, tikian ning Pamuntuk ning U.P., i Salvado P. Lopez, ing metung a sistema ning demokratikung pamaniad usuk (democratic consultation), nung nu maki papil la king pamagpasiya kareng pamanuldu (apppointment) ampong pamagtas ranggu (promotion) deng talaturu ampong empleadung administratibu. Kanitang Noviembre 1972, minuna yang mibulalag a dakeng magsarili o autonomous unit lalam ning chancellor ing campus ning Los Baños. Mirinan yang Php150 million a grant ibat king pondung pambangsa ing Infrastructure Development Program ning U.P. Menibat ya king pondung iti ing ginamit da king pamanikdo kareng bayung gusali kareng College of Business Administration ampong Zoology, Institute of Small-Scale Industries, Transport Training Center, ampo ing Coral Laboratory ning Marine Sciences Institute. Mitikdo la murin deng Kalayaan Residence Hall ampo reng tuknangan da reng empleadung mababa sueldu.
Aniang panaun nang Onofre D. Corpuz, mibulalag yang autonomous unit ing U.P. Manila, a ausan dang Health Sciences Center kanita, ampo ing U.P. Visayas. Mitátag ya murin ketang panaun a ita ing Asian Institute of Tourism (AIT) uli ning pamamie ulaga king turismo antimong industria ning bangsa. Mitátag la murin deng bayung sentru ning pamanyaliksik ampong unit a magkalub titulu antimo ing Third World Studies Center (1977), Creative Writing Center, National Engineering Center (1978), U.P. Extension Program king San Fernando, Pampanga (1979), a atyu na ngeni king Clark Field, Angeles Lakanbalen, Institute of Islamic Studies (1973), ampong U.P. Film Center, National Center for Transportation Studies (1976). Pigmasusian ne ning U.P. ing kayang kapitumpulu’t limang (75) banua kanitang 1983.
Lalam ning Diamond Jubilee project nang Edgardo Angara, mekatipun yang walumpulung miliung pesus (P80 million) ing unibersidad, at megamit iti king pamaglalang kareng bayung professorial chair ampong pamagkalub kareng talaturu (faculty grants). Tetag no murin deng Management Review Committee (MRC) ampong Committee to Review Academic Programs (CRAP) bang sumuri ampong magmunikala dikil king pamipalakad ning unibersidad. Uli ning ulat ning MRC, mika maleparan a pamagbayu o pamag-reorganisa ning U.P. System, ing karagdagang decentralizatin o pamirake king pamanibala ning U.P., ampo ing pamibulalag ning U.P. Diliman antimong autonomous campus kanitang Marzo 23, 1983. Mibili ya ing U.P. Baguio lalam ning pamanibala ning U.P. Diliman. Samantala, mika reorganisasiun ning College of Arts and Sciences, a mepitna karing atlung bayung kolehiyu: ing College of Science, College of Arts and Letters, ampo ing College of Social Sciences and Philosophy. Antimong manimunang unibersidad (flagship university), manimuna ya ing U.P. Diliman king degulan. Kanitang Abril 26, 1982, pormal yang mekilala antimong metung a unibersidad a kayanib (constituent university), alus metung a dekada kaibat ning pamagbayu king pamamalakad (reorganization). Lipat ning pangasentru na ning pamanibala/administrasiun ning U.P. king Diliman, e ya tambing mitatag kaibat ning 1972, dapot panibalan de iti, kayabe da reng unit king Menila bayu ing pamiyagum da reti king Health Sciences Center, antimong unibersidad a de facto.
Deng Kayagum a Unibersidad
King salukuyan, bibilugan deng pitung Kayagum a Unibersidad o Constituent Universities (a keraklan dang papakuyad antimong C.U.) ing University of the Philippines System, a mayayakit kareng maigit apulung campus king mabilug a Filipinas.
Ing U.P. Diliman ing manimunang campus (flagship campus) ning unibersidad, at dakal yang dili yampang a kursu. Makipanayus ya murin ing Unibersidad king kapamahalan ning Makati Lakanbalen para king pamangamit ning University of Makati.
Panibalan ne ning chancellor ing balang kayagum a unibersidad ning U.P. Yalal ne ning Board of Regents king terminung atlung banua. E anti king pamuntuk a maki terminung anam a banuang alang pamanulit, malyari yang miyayal king metung pang terminung atlung banua ing chancellor, agpang king pamagpasiya da reng kayanib ning Board of Regents.
Deng Pamuntuk ning Unibersidad ning Filipinas
Miyayalal ya ing Pamuntuk ning Unibersidad ning Filipinas king metung a terminung anam a banua kapamilata’ning Board of Regents a maki labing aduang kayanib. Aniang 2005, adua nong Americanu ampong labing pitung Filipinu deng sinuyu (migsilbi) antimong Pamuntuk ning Unibersidad ning Filipinas.
Ing salukuyan a pamuntuk ning U.P. yapin i Dr. Emerlinda R. Román, metung a propesor ning business administration a migsilbing chancellor ning U.P. Diliman bayu ya miyalal antimong pamuntuk. I Roman ing mumunang babaing pamuntuk ning Unibersidad ning Filipinas. Ya ing manibala king unibersidad king pamagmasusi king kadinala’nang banua (sentenial) king 2008.
Lupung da reng Rehenti (Board of Regents)
Ing Board of Regents (Lupung da reng Rehenti king Kapampangan, Lupon ng mga Rehente king Filipino at keraklan dang papakuyad a B.O.R.) ing matas diling lupung a magpasiya ning Unibersidad ning Pilipinas. Bibilugan de reng labing aduang (12) galame o kayanib. Yutus ning charter ning Unibersidad ing pamitátag king Lupung, a yang bukud a maki upaya king pamipairal ning upaya ning Unibersidad da panglupung ampong pang-kapanibalan (corporate and administrative powers).
Ing Talapamuntuk ning Commission on Higher Education ing magsilbi antimong salukuyan a Talapamuntuk (acting Chairperson), kabang Kaduang Talapamuntuk (Vice Chairperson) ing Pamuntuk ning Unibersidad ning Filipinas. Kayanib la king Lupung da reng Rehenti ning UP deng Talapamuntuk da reng Komite ning Matas a Pamagaral ning Senadu ampo ning Kamara da reng Pekakatawan kaugne ning karelang obra antimong talapamuntuk ning karelang komite.
Tutuldu lang Rehenting Magaral o Student Regent deng magaral ning UP, kapamilata’ning General Assembly of Student Councils (Pangkabilugan a Kapulungan da reng Sanggunian da reng Magaral). Atin la muring Rehenting Talaturu deng talatur ning mabilug a unibersidad. Itang pekakatawan da reng miyari (alumni) ya pin ing Pamuntuk ning U.P. Alumni Association. Deng aliwang galame ning Lupung da reng Rehenti, tutulduan no ning pamuntuk ning Filipinas.
Ing Kalihim ing Unibersidad (Secretary of the University) ampo ning Lupung da reng Rehenti yapin i Dr. Loudes E. Abadingo, propesor ning Political Science king Department of Social Sciences, U.P. Manila.
Atin yang pamikasundu king Boston University School of Public Health king Boston, MA, USA ing School of Public Health king UP Manila. Paintulutan nong gawang course work king UP Manila kilub ning metung a semestri ampong international field practicum king Filipinas deng mapilang magaral ibat king Boston University.
Programang Akademiku
Miyayampang yang aduang dalan apat a pulu’t anam (246) a kursung king kolehiyu ing unibersidad, at atlung dalan anam a pulu’t aduang (362) kursung graduadu, ing maragul dili karen ngang unibersidad ning bangsa. Ing sentrung campus king Diliman ing dakal dili programang akademiku, kabang kilala no man kareng partikular a kursu o programa o kursu. Atin yang limampulu’t pitung (57) unit a magkalub titulu (degree-granting unit) king mabilug a sistema ing Unibersidad. Malyari yang maging kolehiyu (college), eskuela (school) o instituto (institute) iti a miyayampang kursung pang-kolehiyu o graduadu. King campus ning Los Baños, ating makakawaning Graduate School para kareng programang pang-graduadu king agriculture, forestry, basic sciences, mathematics ampong statistics, development economics and management, agrarian studies ampong human ecology. The University has 4,135 faculty, trained locally and abroad with 75% having graduate degrees. Atin yang apat a libu, dinalan atlung pulu’t limang (4,135) a talaturu ing Unibersidad, a mituru king Filipinas at kilual na niti, at 75% kareti, maki titulung graduadu (graduate degrees). Metung ya kareng aduang unibersidad king Filipinas a kayanib king ASEAN University Network, at ya kabud a unibersidad king Filipinas a makaugne king ASEAN-European University Network ampo king Association of Pacific Rim Universities. Maki ranggu yang pang aduang dalan siyam a pulu’t siyam (299) ing Unibersidad king Times Higher Education Supplement Rankings kanitang 2006, at pang apat a pulu’t walu (48) king Asiaweek's Best Universities in Asia a taulingmilimbag kanitang 2000, at uli na niti, maliaring sabiang iti ing matas dili ranggu kareng unibersidad ning Filipinas kareng aduang talaan, dapot mababa ya ranggu karas king pamanyaliksik ampo king pibandian a pinansial (financial resources). Pepabalu ning Unibersidad, kapamilatan nang Pamuntuk Emerlinda Román, a e na kaburian ing makiabe king THES Ranking.
Riquewihr
Ing Riquewihr, (Reichenweiher king German), metung yang barangay at commune king Alsace a bantug kareng turista pauli ning makuleng  architecture. Ing populasyun ning Riquewihr inyang 1999,  1,212 ya.
Common bile duct
Ing Bile, nung nu misasamut ya keng ate, midadala ya keng wanan at kaili ning hepatic ducts, nung nu misasalubung la para mialkus la at maging common hepatic duct. Karin, malyari lang lungub keng superior a wakas ning common bile duct at magisan ya keng duodenum, o kaya lungub ya keng cystic duct para misimpan ya keng atdu (gallbladder).
Ing inferior a sepu ning common bile duct sasalubung ya keng maragul Kundilat a  duct (duct ning Wirsung) manibat keng kundilat, papuntang ampulla ning Vater. Karin, deng aduang ducts makapadurut lang laman ausan dang hepatopancreatic sphincter (sphincter ning Oddi) nung nu mapipisil ya, at sasabagkalan ne ing bile para e lungub keng malating bituka.
Malta
Ing Malta (Maltese: Malta), ing peka-yaus Republika ning Malta, metung yang malati at siksik pulung bangsa a bubuu keng kapuluan ning pitung pulu king libutad ning Dayat malat ning Mediterranean. Ing Malta atsu mismu keng mauling diretsu ning Sicily, aslagan ning Tunisia at pangulu ning Libya, at ing peka-amanu ning bangsa ilapin ding Maltese at English. Ing peka karinana ning pulu a bubuu keng Maltesea a nasyun, ding miyayaliwang miki-upaya ilang menungkulan at pilaban da karing dilanwa. Ing Malta kayanib ya keng Pisanmetung a Europa manibat inyang Mayu 1 2004. Ing Malta iya ing peka-malating kaynib keng Pisanmetung a Europa karas keng populasyun at lapad ning gabun. Ing Malta iya kabud a bangsa nung nu ing kayang bandera bandera a nugn nu ing dekorasyun na binie ne ning metung a dayung bangsa.
Tianmen
Ing Tianmen metung yang lakanbalen a kadaneng sub- prefecture (sub-prefecture-level city) king kalibudtan nang dake ning lalawigan ning  Hubei, Maldang Republika ning Tsina.
Atyu king albugan ning Wuhan ampo king aslagan ning Jingzhou. Formerly known as Jingling (竟陵) ing sadya nang lagyu, oneng mialilan ya king Tianmen (天门) kanitang 1726 anyang Qing Dynasty. Ibat ya ing lagyung Tianmen kareng bunduk a Tianmen king pangulung albugan ning lakanbalen.
Ban Ki-moon
I Ban Ki-moon (mibait 13 Junio 1944) ing kawalu ampong kasalungsungang Pangkabilugang Kalihim ning Misasanmetung a Bangsa, kaybat neng elilan i Kofi Annan anyang 2007. Bayu ya meging Pangkabilugang Kalihim, metung yang kareristang diplomatikung king Ministeriu ning Pisasabyang Panglwal ampo king Misasanmetung a Bangsa. Linub ya king serbisyung diplomatiku anyang banwang miyari ya king unibersidad, at tinggap ne ing mumuna nang puestu king New Delhi, India. King ministeryung panglwal, miglakwan yang reputasyun ning kababan lub ampong beluan king obra.
Languyan
Ing Languyan metung yang balen king lalawigan ning Tawi-Tawi, Filipinas. Agpang keng ning sensus, atin yang populasyun a  a katau kareng  a pamimalemale.
Deng Barangay
Ing Languyan atin yang 20ng barangay.
Limasawa
Deng Barangay
Ing Limasawa atin yang 6 a barangay.
Ebolusyon
King biologia, ing ebolusyon ing prosesu nung nukarin manikwa lang kauryan (trait) deng populasyon da reng mabibye at pámana do reti kareng tutuking henerasyun o dai. I Jean-Baptiste Lamarck ing migmunikala (proposed) king metung kareng mumunang teorya ning ebolusyon anyang umpisa ning kalabingsyam a siglu (19th century). Inukul (speculate) nang deng tunggal-tunggal a organismu o lelangan (individual organisms) manikwa lang kauryan kabang mabye la, at pamana do reti kareng supling da. Agyang mipatunayan neng e tutu ing teoryang iti, miyapag ing pekamaulagang dake ning makabayung teorya ketang artikulung dang adwang Charles Darwin ampong Alfred Russell Wallace (1858), ampo ketang libru nang Darwin a en:The Origin of Species (1859).
Agpang king teorya ning evolution kapamilatan ning natural selection a pepamunikala da ri Darwin at Wallace, malilyari ing evolution uling lalaganap ya ing metung a kauryan a makaragdag king pamikatagun (chance) a magparakal ya ing metung a mabibye, kapamilata’ning pamagmana, kareng tutuking dai o henerasyun. Makanyan murin, lumagad ya ing metung a kauryan a makabawas king pamikatagun a magparakal ya ing metung a mabibye. Kanitang dekadang 1930], menigobra la reng siyentipiku ba reng piyabe ing metuklas pasibayung teorya ning [[:en:heredity|puli – a pepamunikala nang Mendel – ampo ing natural selection nang Darwin, at milalang ya ing makabayung pamisanib ning teoryang ebolusyon, a metung kareng pekamaulagang (fundamental) teorya ning ciencia ning makabayung biologia. King makabayung pamisanib a iti, ing “ebolusyon” mangabaldugan yang pamanaliwa king pangalaganap (frequency) ning metung a allele kilub ning metung a gene pool kareng tuki-tuking henerasyun o dai.  Myayaliwa la reng kaparalanan a lunto ing pamanaliwang iti: natural selection, genetic drift o pamanaliwa king (gene flow) ning balangkas ning populasyun (population structure gene flow).
Teorya king ciencia
Atlu la reng manimuna nang aspetu ning teoryang nung nu ya makabasi ing makabayung pamisanib”
mabibye.
Metung yang teorya ning ciencia ing makabayung pamisanib, kalupa da retang penibatan nang teoryang ibat kang Mendel ampong Darwin. Ing metung a teorya ning ciencia, anti neng salamin ning yatu (o metung a dake na niti). Manibat kaniti, malyaring gawang hypothesis a malyaring pabulanan o patutwan kapamilatan ning empirical observation. Nung paglalaweng anti kaniti, e la misasalungat ding katayang “teorya” (theory) ampong “katutwan” (fact), nun e anti mong mipaglibe o mipanablas (reciprocal) ing pamiugnayan da reti — alimbawa, metung a “katutwan” a matulid yang mabaldug papunta king libutad ning yatu ing metung a mansanas a nikbag ra king gabun, at ing “teorya” a mag-isplika kaniti, yapin ing salukuyan a teorya ning gravitation. Ing bayung pamisanib ing pekamasikan a teoryang mag-isplika king pamiyaliwa-liwa da reng mabibye ampong pamanalto da reng bayung uri da reng mabibye, at kilub ning ciencia ning biologia, lubusan na nong ayalilan deng minunang pamag-isplika king penibatan da reng uri da reng mabibye.
Ing penibatan (ancestry) da reng mabibye
Malyaring masabing metung ya penibatan ing metung a grupu da reng mabibye nung para-pareu la pipumpunan. Sasabyan ning theory of universal common descent ning biologia a ibat la king metung a pipumpunan o metung a gene pool kanitang minuna deng eganaganang mabibye king yatu.
Patune lang metung la mu penibatan deng eganaganang mabibye detang kauryan (traits) a atyu kareng eganagana kareti. Kanitang panaun nang Darwin, makabasi mu king pamagumasid kareng pamilupa ning pangabalangkas da reng mabibye, antimo itang deng ayup — agyang e la makasulapo — atin lang pakpak. Ngeni, mika masikan a pamipatune para king ebolusyon ibat king ciencia ning DNA genetics. Alimbawa, gagamit yang nucelic acid antimong genetic material (itang sangkap a magdala kareng kauryan anti ing itsura o kule tamu kareng tutuking henerasyun o dai). Deta muring adwang pulung amino acid ing gagamitan dang building block da reng protina. Metung ya mung genetic code ing genetic code a gagamitan da reng eganaganang mabibye (bukud mu kareng mangalagad a alimbawa) ba rong ilikas deng pamituki-tuki da reng nucleic acid papunta kareng protina. Uling antimong mikatagun ing pamamili kareng kauryan a reti, mapalyaring tanda ne ning metung la mu penibatan deng eganaganang mabibye itang pangkabilugan lang mayayakit deti.
abiogenesis — ing pamaglalang king bye manibat king sangkap a e mabye — a mangabaldugang misnang lagad ing pamaglalang ning bye ibat king kayalang-bye, o malilyari mu iti lalam da reng kabilyan a aliwang- aliwang kareng atyu king yatu tamu ngeni. Anti na mong sasabyan ning eksperimentung Miller-Urey a malilyari ing abiogenesis lalam ning kabilyan kanitang minunang panaun king yatu.
Uling misna yang lambat ing prosesu ning ebolusyun, kaylangan a matwa neng tutu ing yatu bang lunto ing e mu nanung pamiyaliwa-liwa at panga-komplikadu ning bye ngening panaun tamu; mapalyaring bilyun-bilyun neng banwa katwa. Makabage iti king katibayan ibat king geologia a migit-kumulang 4.6 neng bilyung banwa. Lon ya ing Timeline of evolution.) Kayabe king balu tamu tungkul king ebolusyun itang datos ibat kareng larangan ning geologia ampong planetary science. Babye lang impormasyun tungkul king kasalesayan ning Yatu ampo reng pamanaliwang bunga ning bye.  Dakal king impormasyun tungkul king Yatu kanitang minuna ing mewala uling kareng geological processes king pangalabas ning panaun.
Ing katibayan ibat king pangabalangkas da reng mabibye
Maulaga la reng fossil neng tatantyan tamu nung kapilan la linto reng myayaliwang lahi. Uling e karaniwang malilyari ing fossilization, a mangaylangang mangasyás a parti (antimo ing butul) at ing pangamate lele ning metung a lugal nung nukarin mititipun ing banlik, e kumpletu at malagad ing impormasyun a bibye na niti tungkul king ebolusyun ning bye. Malagad mu ing katibayan para kareng sadyang mabibyeng alang mangasyas a dake antimo reng kapsa, talukab, butul ampong ipan, pero ating ditak kaniti, alimbawa itang kareng microfossil o mangalatiktik a fossil ibat kanitang minuna pang panaun, ampo ing pamagi rang fossil deng kilkulan da reng minunang animal (ancient burrows) ampo reng ditak a mabibye kanitang mangalambut katawan.
Nanupata, ating katibayan tungkul kareng mabibye kanitang minunang panaun kareng fossil a mayayakit king mabilug a Yatu. Keraklan, malyari yang ulan ing katwa da reng fossil king kabilyan da at kauryan deng batu (geologic context) nung nu la meyakit; at ita mismung idad da malyari yang makwa kapamilata’ning radiometric dating. Kawangis do reng aliwang fossil deng mabibye ngeni, samantalang atin namang aliwang-aliwa. Gagamitan do reng fossil ba rang abalu nung kapilan ya linto ing metung a lahi, at gagamitan do reng transitional fossil ba rang ipakit ing pamisuglung o pamiugnayan da reng adwang lahi. Panigaralan da reng paleontologist ing ebolusyun, keraklan king kapamilatan ning pamanyuri kareng fossil.
Katibayan ibat king genetic sequence
Papakit ning metung a pamiyanti da reng genetic sequence da reng mabibye a mas milulupa la sequence deng mabibyeng mikanlapit basi king phylogeny kesa karetang mikandayu. Alimbawa, manga 1.2% ing pamiyaliwa (basi king substitution) ning neutral DNA sequence da reng tau kareng pekamalapit dang kamaganak, deng chimpanzee, 1.6% kareng gorilla [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstr act&list_uids=11170892], at 6.6% kareng baboon. Mituturing yang masikan (robust enough) a panyukad ing sequence comparison a malyari yang gamitan ba lang samasan deng pamagkamali king phylogenetic tree nung kulang la reng aliwang katibayan.
Atin pang karagdagang katibayan para king metung mung penibatan da reng mabibye ibat kareng genetic detritus (detang “basurang” gene) atni reng pseudogene, o rehiyon ning DNA a orthologous king metung a gene king aliwang klasing mabibye, dapot e no magagamit at anti lang taglus- taglus a mimina at mababawas (degeneration) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstr act&list_uids=10833048].
Uling e la maglakwan fossil deng prosesung metaboliku, mararapat ing pamanyaliksik kareng pekamaulagang kaparalanan da reng cell kapamilatan ning pamiyanti (comparison) kareng lelangan a mabibye ngeni. Uling myayaliwa lang panaun mikawa-kawani deng lahi, malyari tamung abalu nung kapilan ya linto ing metung a prosesung metaboliku nung piyanti (o ikumpara) ta la reng kauryan da reng paliping (descendant) ibat king metung a pipumpunan (common ancestor).
Ing penibatan ning bye
Ditak mu ing balu tamu tungkul king pamagumpisa ning bye. Nanupata, atin lang pamilupa king kauryan deng eganaganang mabibye ngeni, kayabe no reng pamibalangkas ning cell (cellular structure) ampo ing genetic code. Para kareng keraklan kareng siyentipiko, mangabaldugan iting metung la mu pipumpunan deng eganaganang mabibye ngeni, at atyu no king pipumpunan a ita deng pekamaulagang prosesu ning cell. Nanupata, ala lang pamikasundu deng siyentipiku king pamisuglung-suglung da reng atlung domain ning bye, deng (Archea, Bacteria, at Eukaryota), o ing penibatan ning bye. Keraklan, makatutuk king pamangimut (behavior) da reng macromolecule, lalu na ing RNA, ampo kareng komplikadung sistema, deng tangkang manigaral king mumuna nang kasalesayan ning bye.
Ing kasalesayan ning bye
Agyang e malino ing penibatan ning bye, balu ta lang mayap deng aliwang maulagang milyari king kasalesayan ning bye. Malyari ta yang tukyan ing pamanalto ning photosynthesis a gagamit king oxygen (manga atlung bilyung banwa na ing milabas) ampo ing pamaniral ning atmosperang dakal oxygen (lipat ning “reducing” a atmospera) kapamilatan ning pamanalkus (formation) da reng depositu ning banded iron, at kaybat deng mangalutung sapin a gawa king iron oxide. Kaylangang dumalan king anti kaniti bayu mika aerobic en:cellular respiration, a paniwalan dang linto adwang bilyung banwa na ing milabas. Ketang milabasan a metung a bilyung banwa, linto la kareng kadayatan deng simpling tanaman at animal a multicellular (gawa king dakal a cell). E miglwat kaybat ning pamanalto da reng minunang animal, milyari ing Cambrian explosion (metung a panaun ning alang kapante at makapagmulala, dapot saguli mung, pamanalto da reng asnang karakal a uri da reng mabibye a mitatak kareng fossil ning Burgess shale), nung kapilan la milalang deng eganaganang balangkas ning katawan, o phylum, da reng mabibye ngeni; paniwalan dang ing pamanalto ning Box gene ing megi nang sangkan ning pamikatagung iti. Manga limang dalan a milyun (500 million) a banwa ing milabas, sekupan de reng tanaman ampong fungi ing gabun, at e miglwat, tikyan do reng en:arthropod ampo reng aliwang aniamal. Ini ing pigmulan ning pamanalkus (development) ning ecosystem king gabun a balu tamu ngeni.
Ing mutation
E na balung Darwin ing panibatan da ning pamanaliwa (variations) kareng indibidwal a mabibye, pero apansinan nang balamu mikatagun mu iti. Kalabas ning panaun, ing mutation ing tiru rang sangkan king keraklan kareti. Deng mutation, permanenti lang pamanaliwa king genetic material (keraklan ing DNA o RNA ning metung a cell. Malyari lang manibat king pamagkamali king pamangopya (copying error) king genetic material neng mararapat ing cell division, ampo king “pangabilad” king radiation, at kareng chemical, kareng virus, o malyaring sasaryan a lunto lalam ning pamanibala ning cell neng meiosis o hypermutation.  Kareng lelangan a multicellular, malyari lang uryan deng mutation kareng germline mutation, a malyaring mipamana kareng supling, ampo reng somatic mutation, a (nung e la sasaryan) keraklan mumuli king pangasira na palakad o pangamate ning cell, at malyari nang panibatan ning kanser.
Mágsilbi lang magdalang pamanaliwa kareng gene (genetic variation) deng mutation, a malyari nang impluwensyan ning natural selection (o mapalyaring ali; lon ya ing Neutral mutations). Ala lang epektu king tsansa o pamikatagun nang kumabye ning lelangan king kayang paligid deng neutral mutations, at malyari lang mitipun deti king pangalabas ning panaun.
Deng kaparalanan ning pamagmana (Mechanisms of inheritance)
Kanitang panaun nang Darwin, e la mikakasundu reng siyentipiku nung makananu lang amamana deng kauryan. Ngeni, yugne ta la reng kauryan a amamana (inherited traits) kareng makakawani (discrete) at lulwat (persistent) a bageng awsan dang gene, tuglung-tuglung kareng tela-gulis (linear) a molecule a awsan dang DNA. Lipat ning keraklan eksaktu ing pamamgopya kaniti, atin yang pamiyaliwa ing DNA ning balang metung a mabibye, at dadalan ya king prosesu ning pamanaliwa o mutation a ma-isplika king lalam. Nanupata, atin muring paralan ning pamagmana ning pamiyaliwang e makabasi king DNA. E miyayapektwan ing impormasyun kareng gene kareting prosesung deti, at keraklan, malyari lang ibalik king sadya (reversible). Epigenetic inheritance ing aus kareti, nung nu la kayabe deng alimbawang anti ing DNA methylation, prion, ampong structural inheritance. Taglus-taglus pa murin ing pamanyaliksik nung malyari kareti ing “specific heritable variation” antimong ablas kareng sinyal ibat king paligid. Nung ini pin ing mararapat, mapalyaring ating mapilang alimbawa ning ebolusyon a e na sakup ning karaniwan a balu tamung balangkas ning teorya nang Darwin, a lilisya king pamiugne kareng sinyal ibat king paligid ketang pamipalyari ning pamiyaliwang amamana (production of heritable variation).
Universidad de Zamboanga
Ing Universidad de Zamboanga (UZ) metung yang privadung universidad king Zamboanga Lakanbalen, Filipinas, a tetag nang Arturo Eustaquio, Sr. kanitang Octubri 12, 1948. Sadia, Zamboanga A.E. Colleges ing kayang lagiu, bayu ya miyalilan king Universidad de Zamboanga aniang 2005 ing banua nung kapilan ya meging universidad. King UZ la magaral deng 25% kareng magaral king Labuad/Region 9 o Albugang Mindanao. Maki walu yang campus a makakalat king leparan a maigit 130 ektarea kilub ampong kilual ning lakanbalen o ciudad. Kayabe la kareti deng Main Campus king barangay Tetuan, City Campus, Cabatangan Campus, Pasonanca Campus, Veterans Campus, San Jose Campus, Canelar Campus ampo ing Ipil Campus king Ipil, Zamboanga Sibugay. Atin yang aduang escuelang secundaria ing UZ, ing Arturo Eustaquio Memorial Science Highschool ampo ing UZ Technical Highschool.
Ebolusyon
Deng kaparalanan ning pamagmana (Mechanisms of inheritance)
Ating mapilan a sangkan a mamapektu king frequency da reng allele a atyu na. Uli da reng sangkan a reti, malyari lang mas marlas lunto deng mapilan a kauryan, kabang mabawas no man o taglus-taglus nong mawala detang aliwa. Atlu la reng balu tamung prosesung mamapektu king pamanatili ning metung a kauryan; o, bang lalung partikular, ing frequency na ning allele:
Universidad de Zamboanga
Tala da reng colehiu
Atin lang miayaliwang cursu deng anam nang colehiu ning Universidad de Zamboanga, manibat bachelor anggang postgraduate.
Ebolusyon
Ing natural selection
Ing natural selection ing pangabye (survive) pamiparakal uling king kapaligiran. Ing differential mortality ing kaugnayan ning dalas ning pangabye da reng lelangan king karelang idad a malyari nong mikasupling (reproductive age) Ing differential fertility ing pangkabilugan a ambag a amamana (total genetic contribution) king tutuking dai o henerasyun. Uli ning pekamaulaga nang papil (central role) ning natural selection king teorya ning ebolusyon, mika maragul a pamisuglung king larangan a ita ampo ing pamanigaral king ecologia.
Universidad de Zamboanga
Tala da reng colehiu
College of Engineering and Information Technology (CEIT) Degree Programs
College of Business Management (CBM) Degree Programs
Ebolusyon
Ing natural selection
Malyari yang pitnan ing natural selection kareng adwang kategorya: miraragdagan la reng gene da reng lelangan a mabibye at darakal kumpara karetang e ra ikwang kinabye. la ambag king gene pool deng lelangan a mas abuburi da reng kasumangid a kasarian (opposite sex) uling king karelang itsura o kauryan, at uli na niti, mas masikan lang dakal.
Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines
Ing Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines (German: Markirch) metung yang commune ning Haut-Rhin département, king France.
Ing sundalus a U.S. Eddie Slovik berilan de keti kapamilatan ning firing squad uli ning kinurul ya mal;apit king balen inyang Eneru 31, 1945.
Arandilla
Ing Arandilla metung yang balen atiu king lalawigan ning Burgos, Castile ampong León, Espanya. Agpang keng 2004 census (INE), ing balen atin yang populasiun a 191 a pakatuknang.
Ebolusyon
Ing natural selection
Kikimut ya murin ing natural selection king myayaliwang paralan: selection|background selection]] lalako no reng mutation a makasira king populasyon. frequency ning metung a mutation a makasaup. pamiyaliwa (variation) kilub ning metung a populasyon, kapamilatan ning mapilan a kaparalanan (mechanism), alimbawa: advantage|heterozygote advantage]], nung nu ing heterozygote mas masikan ya o bage (fit) kesa king sanuman kareng anyung puru (homozygous forms) (alimbawa king sickle cell anemia kareng tau a babye resistensya king malaria) nu mas matas la “fitness” o pangabage deng uring malagad mu (rare variants). uryan a karaniwan king populasyun, anya mibabawasan ing pamiyaliwa at manatili ya ing mean o kasantingan metung a sepu o sikoti ning metung a uryan; uli na niti, dudusug ya ing mean o kasantingan papunta ketang sepung ita. misusumangid o mingatbang sikoti, at magbunga king bimodal distribution ning gene frequency. Malyari yang malis o malyari yang ali ing mean o kasantingan.
antimong animal a maki kalinangan o kultura, agyu rang mabyasa [symbolic (extrasomatic) learning], at uli na niti, agyu reng alilan ing karelang paligid, o ing paligid ning sanumang aliwang uri ning lelangan, at iti panibatan da reng bayung selective forces o sangkan a mamapektu king pamamili.
Ing gene flow
Ing gene flow (o gene admixture o pamisamut da reng gene) ing bukud o magdilidiling kaparalanan o mechanism nung nukarin malyari lang mikanlapit (king aspetung genetic o king puli/pamamuli) deng populasyun kabang daragul ya la reng gene pool. Ing gene flow ing magbunga nung malis ya ing metung a populasyun da reng lelangan king lugal nung nukarin atin nang sadyang makatuknang a aliwang populasyun. Malilyari ing gene flow operates nung e la sumbagal deng geografia (lugal) o kalinangan/kultura.
Universidad de Zamboanga
Tala da reng colehiu
School of Allied Medicine (SAM) Degree Programs Non-Degree Programs
Ebolusyon
Ing genetic drift
Lalarawa’na ning genetic drift ing pamanaliwa king dalas o frequency ning metung a allele manibat king metung a henerasyun o dai papunta king tutuki uli ning sampling variance. Manaliwa ya ing dalas ning metung a allele kareng supling agpang king probability distribution ning frequency ning allele king dai da reng pengari.
Universidad de Zamboanga
Tala da reng colehiu
School of Criminal Justice (SCJ) Degree Programs
Aranda de Duero
Ing Aranda de Duero meutng yang Espanyol a balen king mauli na ning lalawigan ning Burgos. Atin populasiun a mga 32,000 a kataupeople.
Ebolusyon
Ing genetic drift
Ing ulaga da ring natural selection ampong genetic drift kumpara king pangkabilugan magdependi mu naman king sukad ning populasyun ampo king sikan ning selection: alimbawa, nung malati ya ing N times s (population size times strength of selection), ing genetic drift ing mimiral (predominates). Nu namang maragul ya ing N times s, ing selection ing mimiral. Uli na niti, ‘mas matalab’ ya ing natural selection kareng mangaragul a populasyun, samantalang ing genetic drift ing mas masikan kareng mangalating populasyun. Katatawlyan, magdependi king sukad ning metung a populasyun ing kaba ning panaun bayu ya manatili kaniti ing metung a allele (fixation) kapamilata’ning genetic drift (ing buri nang sabyan, bayu la magdala king allele deng balang metung a kayanib ketang populasyun); mas malagwa ing fixation nung malati ya mu ing populasyun.
Pamakibage
Lalu lang mibabage king karelang paligid deng species o uri da reng lelangan kapamilatan ning prosesu ning natural selection. Adaptation ing aus king sanumang prosesu ning ebolusyun a makaragdag king pangabage ning balang metung (individual), o neng kayi, ing kauryan (trait) a babye karagdagang pamibage (fitness), alimbawa ing mas masikan a iking agagamit king pamanalan (prehensile tail), o mas malinong panakit (greater visual acuity). Dapat linawan a magdependi ya ing pamibage king kontekstu o paligid (context-sensitive); mapalyaring ing metung a kauryan a makaragdag king pamibage king metung a lugal, makabawas ne man king aliwa.
Maniwala la reng keraklan kareng biologist a malilyari ing adaptation o pamakibage kapamilatan’ning pamitipun kareng dakal a mutation a balang metung kareti malati mu epektu. Nanupata, metung yang prosesung kaliwas o alternatibu king adaptation ing macromutation, nung nukarin metung ya mu dapot maragul yang maragul ing metung a mutation.
Ing pamanalto da reng bayung uri ampo ing pangawala da reti
Ing speciation ing pamaglalang kareng adwa o migit pang uri o species manibat king metung. Myayaliwa la reng kaparalanan nung makananun malyari iti. Malilyari ing place ing allopatric speciation neng mikakawani la lugal deng subpopulation (dake ning pangkabilugan a populasyun) king metung at metung, alimbawa uli ning habitat fragmentation o pamipitna-pitna ning karelang tutuknangan o pamanalis king aliwang lugal (migration). Malilyari naman ing sympatric speciation neng ating laltong bayung uri king pareung lugal. Atyu king pilatan da reng misusumangid a allopatry ampong sympatry ing awsan nang peripatric speciation Ernst Mayr. Ing peripatric speciation ing maulagang (critical) pun o batayan ning teorya ning punctuated equilibrium.
Ing evolutionary biology
Ing evolutionary biology dake ne ning biologia a tungkul king penibatan da at kasalesayan deng species, ampo ing karelang pamanaliwa king pangalabas ning panaun. Anti ya mong meta field ing evolutionary biology uling kayabe la keti deng siyentipiku ibat kareng myayaliwang tradisyunal a dake ning ciencia a maki kaugnayan king taxonomy. Alimbawa, kayabe la keti deng siyentipikung espesyalista kareng partikular a mabibye antimo reng manigaral mammalogy, ornithology, o herpetology, pero gagamitan no reng mabibyeng deti antimong sistema ba lang pakibatan deng pangkabilugan a kutang (general questions) tungkul king evolution.
Mekilala yang pormal a paksa ning pamanigaral ing evolutionary biology kaybat ning makabayung pamisanib king teorya ning evoluton (modern evolutionary synthesis) kanitang dekadang 1930 ampong 1940. Nanupata, e la míka departamentung talagang maki lagyung evolutionary biology deng dakal kareng unibersidad angga kanitang dekadang 1970 ampong 1980.
Aranda de Duero
Kambal lakanbalen
🇵🇹 Miranda do Douro (Portugal) 🇫🇷 Salon-de-Provence (France) 🇩🇪 Langen (Germany) 🇪🇸 Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Spain) Roseburg, Oregon (United States)
Ebolusyon
Ing evolutionary developmental biology
Metung yang bayung dake (subfield) ning evolutionary biology ing evolutionary development biology. Tungkul ya iti kareng gene da reng mabibyeng mikamaganak ampo retang ali. Malyaring yang abalu at tukyan kapanaunan (trace timelines) ing pamanalkus ning metung a uri (species development) kapamilata’ning pamag- eksperimentu nung ikumpara la o piyanti deng pamitukituki da reng nucleotide (nucleotide sequence) ning DNA/RNA. Alimbawa, mamayun o susuporta la reng gene sequence king konklusyon a a deng chimpanzee ing pekamalapit a kamaganak da reng tau, at saka deng arthropod (alimbawa, deng insektu) ampo reng vertebrate (deng maki galugud, alimbawa deng tau) metung la mu pipumpunan.
Ing kasalesayan ning evolutionary thought
Kanita pang minuna (ancient times), ati’nang mekaisip king ideya ning biological evolution o evolution da reng mabibye. Kayabe ya kareti i Epicurus, metung a philosopher a Hellenist. Nanupata, e linto ing makabayung teorya angga kanitang kalabingwalu at kalabingsyam a siglu (18th and 19th centuries), kapamilatan da reng siyentipikung kalupa da ri Jean- Baptiste Lamarck ampo i Charles Darwin. Agyang tatanggapan da ne reng marakal-dakal a siyentipiku ing pamanaliwa da reng species bayu ing 1859, yapin itang pamilimbag ning The Origin of Species ing minyeng masikan at kapani-paniwalang kaparalanan (cogent mechanism) tungkul king pangapalyari ning pamanaliwang bunga ning evolution: ing kayang teorya ning natural selection. Meyagyag yang maglimbag i Darwin king sinulat na anyang kaybat nang tinanggap sulat kang Alfred Russell Wallace, nung nu ne pepabalu ing sarili nang pamanuklas king natural selection. Uli na niti, neng kayi kikilalanan da murin ing inambag nang Wallace king teorya ning evolution.
Agyang ikwa ning teorya nang Darwin a ugunan ing palage da reng siyentipiku tungkul king pamanalkus ning bye (development of life), e na agyung isplika ing panibatan ning pamiyaliwa-liwa kilub ning metung a species, at e makaing makakumbinsi itang pepamunikala nang Darwin a kaparalanan a hereditary, itang pangenesis.
Anyang “metuklas yang pasibayu” ing obra nang Gregor Mendel tungkul king pamagmana kanitang kalabingsyan a siglu, ya ing penibatan ning gulu pilatan da reng Mendelian (I Charles Benedict Davenport) ampo reng biometrician (di Walter Frank Raphael Weldon ampo i Karl Pearson), a mamilit a e la tutuki king sistema nang Mendel deng keraklan kareng kauryan (trait), at magpalto la reting continuous variation. E miglwat, pikasundu da la at pisanib deting adwang teorya, at utak ing keraklan kaniti king obra ning biologist at statistician a i R.A. Fisher. Meyaus yang makabayung pamisanib ning teorya ning evoluton (modern evolutionary synthesis) kanitang dekada 1930 ampong 1940 ining pamisanib a iti, nung nu gemitanan deng rigorous a statistical model kareng teorya nang Mendel tungkul king pamagmana, king kapamilatan da reng gene.
Kaybat ning eksperimentu nang Griffith kanitang 1940, pepatunayan de ri Griffith's experiment, Avery, McCleod at McCarty a ing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ing “transforming principle” a magdala king genetic information (impormasyon tungkul king magi rang itsura deng supling). Ketang en:1953, pepalimbag de ri Francis Crick ampo i James Watson ing sikat dang artikulu tungkul king pangabalangkas ning DNA, a makabasi king pamanyaliksik nang Rosalind Franklin ampo I Maurice Wilkins. Dening pamikatagun a reti ing migumpisa king panaun ning molecular biology, at pepabayu de ing panintindi tamu king evolution antimong prosesung molecular: ing mutation da rang dake ning DNA (lon ya ing molecular evolution.
Tanda ne ning pamidayu king teorya ning group selection papunta ketang makabayung paglalawe king gene antimong unit of selection ing sinulat nang George C. Williams a ''Adaptation and natural selection: A Critique of some Current Evolutionary Thought'' kanitang 1966.
Kanitang kalibudtan ning dekada 1970, pepamunikala neng Motoo Kimura ing neutral theory of molecular evolution, at
Taglus-taglus pa murin ing dibati king pamanigaral a iti. Metung ya kareng pekamaulagang publikung dibati itang tungkul king teorya ning punctuated equilibrium, a pepamunikala da reng paleontologist a i Niles Eldredge ampo i Stephen Jay Gould kanitang 1972 ba yang isplika o ustan ing kakulangan da reng fossil a transitional o atyu king pilatan da reng myayaliwang phylum.
Deng pikwanan
means of Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life''. London: John Murray, Albemarle Street. 502 pages. Reprinted: Gramercy (May 22, 1995). ISBN 0517123207 2002). ISBN 0060958502 (Modern Library Chronicles). Modern Library (May 4, 2004). ISBN 0679642889 0465044263 science and everyday life (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989). Current Evolutionary Thought. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. Evo Devo and the Making of the Animal Kingdom, W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0393060160
Lon la murin deti
Social implications of the theory of evolution
Universidad de Zamboanga
Tala da reng colehiu
School of Education, Arts and Sciences (SEAS) Degree Programs
Ebolusyon
Lon la murin deti
Creation-evolution controversy
Suglung a palwal
Resources] promote general evolution education, and provide mainstream scientific responses to the arguments of antievolutionists. selection/introduction.htm Evolution by Natural Selection] — An introduction to the logic of the theory of evolution by natural selection PBS. Journal of Organic Evolution] How Evolution Works] Evolution News from Genome News Network (GNN)] About Evolution and the Nature of Science] beginners]
Saint-Hippolyte, Haut-Rhin
Ing Saint-Hippolyte (German: St. Pilt) metung yang balen at commune ning Haut-Rhin département, king Alsace, France. Ing St. Pilt iti ing lugal kebaitan na ning pang8 dilanwa santu at abbot, y Fulrad, nung nu mitalakad ya naman monasterio karin.
Mambajao
Deng Barangay
Ing Mambajao atin yang 15ng barangay.
Universidad de Zamboanga
Tala da reng colehiu
Institute of Technical Education (ITE) Non-Degree Courses
F. Paul Wilson
I Francis Paul Wilson (mibait Mayo 17, 1946 king Jersey Lakanbalen, New Jersey) metung yang makikudtang Americanu, keraklan kareng uring panyulat a science fiction ampong horror.
Saint-Louis, Haut-Rhin
Ing Saint-Louis metung yang balen at commune ning Haut-Rhin département, king Alsace, France. Populasyun (1999): 19,961 (Ludoviciens at Ludoviciennes).
Geografia
Ing Saint-Louis atiu pilatan da reng sepu ning Germany at Swiss.
Iowa
Ing State ning Iowa metung yang state king Libutadalbugan labuad ning United States ning America, ing karinan a keraklan a ausan dang ing "Pusu ning America." Ign kayang sepu king pangulu iyapin ing Minnesota, Wisconsin ampong Illinois keng aslagan, Nebraska ampong South Dakota keng albugan, at Missouri keng mauli. iti iya ing pang29 state na ning United States, mikyabe ya keng Aniabn inyang Disiembri 28, 1846. Ing Iowa atin yang 99 counties. Ing tungku (kabisera) ning Iowa ampong pekamaragul diling lakanbalen iyapin ing Des Moines at ding kyang pakatuknang kebaluan la bilang Iowans.
Aquino, Benigno, Pambansang Bayani Senador
Pamanyilab king Kandila ning Bie Ku - Neng Benigno “Ninoy” Aquino, Jr.
Sisilaban ke ing kandila ning bie ku
king dulum nung nu alang makinabang
king kayang sala.
Ing kandila bagya-bagya yang mapupupud
saugli namu magisan ne ing pabelu,
at ing sala mako na.
Tala da reng balen ning Zamora
Iti ing tala da reng balen king lalawigan ning Zamora king autonomous community ning Castile-Leon, Espanya.
Aquino, Benigno, Pambansang Bayani Senador
king laso kandila, iyubug pasibayu,
Ding Comuni ning Lalawigan ning Foggia
Ing tutuki iya ing tala da ring 64 comuni na ning Lalawigan ning Foggia, Apulia, king Italy.
Dingzhou
Ing Dingzhou (, a sadyang Ding Kondadu (Ding County) ( Chinese Postal Map Romanization: Ting Hsien) metung yang lakanbalen a kadaneng kondadu (county-level city) king mauli albugan nang dake ning lalawigan ning lalawigan ning Hebei, Maldang Republika ning Tsina. Panibalan ne ning Lakanbalen ning Baoding, a atyu king libutad ning Baoding ampong Shijiazhuang at maki populasyun yang 1,200,000 kanitang 2009. Dingzhou is 196 km southwest of Beijing, 68 km northeast of Shijiazhuang.
John Lennon
I John Winston Lennon, ( mibait ya 9 Oktubre 1940 – 8 Disyembre 1980), a mas kilala king kayang talipampan a John Lennon, metung yang Ingles a magkanta, musikeru, manimunang bokalista (primary vocalist) ampong talasulat amanu (lyricist) ning bandang Beatles, ing bandang ibat Liverpool, England na mitatag inyang 1960. Keraklan di John Lennon (guitar, bosis), Paul McCartney (bau guitara, bosis), George Harrison (guitara, bosis), ampong 'Ringo Starr' (tambul, bosis) ila reng kayanib king karelang buung carera, Deng Beatles mekilala la inyang ila reng menimunu inyang kalibudtan na ning 960s (musical) "British Invasion" king United States.
Aquino, Benigno, Pambansang Bayani Senador
dinan yang bayung pabelu
John Lennon
Mipanagak ampong meragul ya keng in Liverpool Lakanbalen ng Inglatera, ayang kabayangnan (kayanakan / teenager) na i John Lennon kayabe ya keng mumunang banda, the Quarrymen, na ekalambatan meging yang Beatles anyang 1960. Me (disband) ya ing grupo anyang 1970, I Lennon ayti sinilung yang keng solung karera(career) na migpalwal keng kayang mumunang solung album lalam ning markang John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band kaybat na nita ing Imagine, ka rin murin mekapag palwal lang (iconic) a kanta kalupa ning "Give Peace a Chance" and "Working Class Hero".
Aquino, Benigno, Pambansang Bayani Senador
king metung pang sagidlap a penandit
ing kanakung kandila pasibayu
suluan na ing dulum
misan pa
miutusan
Mamun Naku.
Diosdado Macapagal International Airport
Ing Sulapawang Internasyonal ning Diosdado Macapagal (amanung Ingles: Diosdado Macapagal International Airport (DMIA)), mayayaus mu rin Sulapawang Internasyonal ning Clark (amanung Ingles: Clark International Airport ), iya ing peka airport a masilbi keng makaleleng Clark Special Economic Zone (CSEZ) at ning makalapit a Angeles Lakanbalen king Filipinas.