cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Game & Watch (Console Series)
Kutonthoza mndandanda:
Masewera osiyanasiyana a 59 a Game & Watch adapangidwa kuti agulitsidwe ndipo imodzi imangopezeka ngati mphotho ya mpikisano, yokwanira 60. Masewerawa adapatsidwa kwa opambana pa Nintendo F-1 Grand Prix, mtundu wa Super Mario Bros. ndi chikwama chachikaso, chomwe chidaperekedwa m'bokosi la pulasitiki lotengera Disk-kun, lomwe Nintendo adatsatsa pa Famicom Disk System yake. Monga mayunitsi 10,000 cabe zinalembedwa ndipo sitidakhala zilipo zogulitsa ritelo, Baibulo chikasu imatengedwa osowa.
Mario the Juggler, womasulidwa mu 1991, ndiye masewera omaliza omwe adapangidwa mu Game & Watch.
Kachilombo ka Korona
Matenda a korona kovidi-19 ndi matenda opatsilana oyambitsidwa ndi kachirombo ka Korona kotchedwa severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) muchingerezi. Munthu wodwala woyamba wa matendawa anapezeka mu mzinda wa Wuhan ku China mu mwezi wa Disembala mu chaka cha 2019.
Zizindikilo za matendawa ndi zosiyanasiyana, koma nthawi zambiri munthu odwala amakhala ndi listipa,kutentha thupi, kukhosomola, kutopa, kuvutika kupuma ndi kusiya mvumva fungo ndi kumva makomedwe a zinthu mkamwa. Zizindikiro zimayamba mu masiku khumi ndi anayi amene munthu anatenga kachilomboka. Anthu ambiri (81%) sadwala kwambiri (chibayo cha pang'ono), pamene 14% amadwala kwambiri, 5% amadwala mwa kayakaya (kukanika kupuma kapena ziwalo kufa). Munthu mmodzi mwa atatu aliyense sakhala ndi zizindikiro za mtendawa koma amatha kufalitsa kachilombo ka Kovidi. Odwala ena amatha kuwonetsa zizindikiro za kovidi nthawi yayitali ngakhale achila makamaka pamene ziwalo nzathupi zawonongeka. Akatswiri a Sayansi akuchitabe kafukufuka kufana kupeza zomwe zimayambita anthu kuti azikhala ndi zizindikilo za kovid nthawi yayitali.
Kachilombo ka vayilasi kamene kamayambitsa Kovidi-19 kamafalitsiwa nthawi zambiri ngati munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka akhala pafupi ndi anthu ena. Timalovu ndi timadzi tochokela mu mphuno tikhoza kufalitsidwa ndi munthu wodwala pamene akupuma, kuyetsemula, kukhosomola, kuyimba ndi kuyankhula. Anthu ena amadwala ngati kachilombo kalowa mkamwa, mphuno kapena mmaso. Kavayilasika kamathanso kufalitsidwa ndi mmalo ogwilika monga zikupa ndi zitseko ngakhale kafukufuka akuwonetsa kuti sinjira yayikulu imene kachilomboka kakufalitsidwila. Njira yakafalitsidwe kamatendawa sikakudziwika kwenikweni koma ambiri akuganiza kuti anthu akakhala kwambiri nthawi yayitali akhoza kupatsilana matenda. Munthu amene ali ndi matendawa akhoza kufalitsa kachilombo ka Kovidi masiku awiri asanayambe kuwonetsa zizindikiro, mmenenso anthu amene alibe zizindikiro angafalistilre matendawa. Anthu akhoza kufalitsa matendawa mpakana masiku khumi ngati adwala pang'ono ndipo masabata wiri  (masiku khumi ndi anayi (14)) kwa amene adwala kwambiri. Njira zoyezela matendawa zosiyanasiyana zapangidwa. Njira imene ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi yotchedwa real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) imene amagwiritsa tizinthu tochokera pa khosi pa munthu wodwala.
Njira zopewera matendawa ndi kupewa kuyandikilana ndi anthu, kukhala mumbindikiro, kukhala ndi mpheya mu zipinda, kuvindikila kukamwa ndi mphuno po khosomola ndi kuyetsemula, kusamba mmanja ndi kusazigwira kumaso ndi manja osasamba. Akatswlri akulangiza anthu kuvala masiki mmalo omwe kumapezeka anthu ngati m'misika. Katemera wa matendawa akupangidwa ndipo mayiko ambiri ayamba kale kubaya anthu awo.
Ngakhale ntchito ili mkati kufufuza makhwala amene angaletse kachilimboka, chisamaliro chikuperekedwa kuthana ndi zizindikiro zamatendawa basi. Monga kuchiza zizindikiro ndi makhwala, kuyika anthu odwala mmalo awokha ndi njira zina zomwe zikungoyeseledwa chabe.
Halo 4
Halo 4 ndiwothamanga kwambiri komanso masewera asanu ndi atatu mu mndandanda wa Halo. Zinali pa 6. November 2012 anatulutsidwa ku Xbox 360. Halo 4 ndimasewera oyamba mu Halo trilogy yatsopano yotchedwa Reclaimer Trilogy. Ngakhale kuti mndandanda wonse wa Halo mndandanda wapadera, kupatulapo Halo Combat Evolved Anniversary, anapangidwa ndi Bungie , kukula kwa Microsoft Halo 4 kunasamutsidwa ku makampani 343. Nkhaniyo imayamba zaka zinayi zitatha zochitika ku Halo 3. Kwa nthawi yoyamba kuchokera ku Halo 3, Mbuye Wamkulu akuwonetsedwanso ngati protagonist. KI Cortana ndilo gawo la masewerawo.
Ntchito ya Halo 4 inali pa 4. June 2011 pa E3 2011 adalengeza.
kanthu
Chiwembu cha Halo 4 chinapangidwira kufufuza ndi chinsinsi choposa momwe masewera ambuyomu amachitira mndandanda wa masewera a Halo, omwe adagwirizana kwambiri ndi khalidwe loyendetsa munthu woyamba. Zambiri zomwe zimachitidwa zimachitika pazimbezi zapademic. Ngakhale matekinoloje a abambo ali ochuluka kwambiri kuposa mmbuyo mwa maseŵera a Halo. Pulogalamu ya Halo 4 yagawidwa mu mautumiki asanu ndi atatu.
Dawn
Mu 2557, zaka zinayi pambuyo pa zochitika kuchokera ku Halo 3, Mbuye Wamkulu akadali mu Cryostase mkati mwa chiwonongeko cha Mmbuyo mpaka ku Dawn. AI Cortana amamuchotsa ku hyper sleep, chifukwa pali ntchito zosiyanasiyana pabwalo. Onsewo amadziwa mwamsanga kuti ngalawayo ikuyendetsa dziko lapansi la bambo ake ndipo ikuzunguliridwa ndi ndege zonse za Alliance. Yesani monga momwe akumenyana kumbuyo asilikali tidakocheza pansi, ndi kukhazika chida mphukira pa bolodi. Panjira yopita ku rocket, awiriwo ali m'ngalawamo amakumana ndi kuwala kosalekeza komwe kumathamanga ngati scanner kupyolera mu sitimayo. Poyamba zikuwoneka ngati rocket inayamba, koma imatsekezedwa ndi chitsulo. Mbuye Wamkulu amatha kuchotsa chitsulocho. Roketi imayambitsa ndi kuwononga Alliance Cruiser. Koma mwadzidzidzi, kuwala kwa dziko la sireku kumawoneka ndipo kumatsegulira ndikuyamba kukopa ngalawa ndi ndege za Alliance. Mbuye Wamkulu amayesa kulowa podula, koma ngalawa imagawanika chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka. Amaponyedwa mmbuyo pakati pa zitsulo ndikutha kuzindikira.
requiem
Mbuye Wamkulu amabwera mwa iyemwini kachiwiri pa kuwonongeka kwakukulu pa Magazi a Atate a Magazi. Cortana amavomereza kuti ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zitatu (8) akhala akudutsa nthawi yeniyeni yogwiritsira ntchito AI ndipo wakhala akuyamba kuchepa. Kotero, nonse inu, Mlengi wa Cortana, mumasankha  Catherine Elizabeth Halsey, yemwe adapeza kuti amupulumutse. Awiriwo adasankha kulanda ngalawa ya Alliance kuti ifike ku Earth. Koma asanayambe kugwiritsira ntchito ndondomekoyi, Cortana akuchenjezedwa ndi chizindikiro chododometsa kwambiri. Chizindikiro chikuyenda bwino kwambiri padziko lapansi, kotero Cortana angachizindikire ngati chizindikiro cha UNSC. Amakumana ndi wojambula zithunzi omwe Alliance akufunanso kubweretsa. Pambuyo pa nkhondo yochepa, Cortana akupeza malo ogwira ntchito ndipo atulukira chinthu china padziko lapansi chomwe chimasokoneza chizindikirocho. The UNSC Infinity, yomwe chizindikirocho chinayambira, akulengeza kuti akufuna kuti alowe mkati mwa ndege. Cortana akufuna kumuchenjeza, koma maziko apulaneti amalepheretsa izi. Awiriwo asankha kuthetsa kusokoneza. Iwo amapita ku nsanja kumene angatsegule pakhomo mkati mwa dziko lapansi. Ali panjira kumeneko, Cortana amalankhula mobwerezabwereza mauthenga a pawailesi, omwe amayesa kudabwa ndi awiriwa kuti atenge nsanja. Pakhomo la nsanja, amapeza kuti osati Mbuye Wamkulu yekha yemwe akufuna kuteteza Alliance kuti asalowe mu nsanja, komanso nzika za Sentinel drones padziko lapansi. Awiriwo alowa mu nsanja ndikupita kumtunda. Pomwepo, Cortana ali ndi mwayi wotsegula ndi kutsegula pakhomo. Kuphatikiza pa portal, ziŵerengero zoopsya zimawoneka. Asanayambe kumenyana, Chief Master akudumpha Cortana kumalo ena.
m'mene
Pulogalamuyi imabweretsa Master Chief ndi Cortana mkati mwa dziko lapansi kumene amapeza satelesi yomwe imapangitsa chizindikiro chosayerekezeka. Ndi satelesi iyi, iwo akufuna kuchenjeza zopanda malire patsogolo pa chingwe ndikudziyang'ana okha. Koma amatetezedwa ndi chishango chotetezedwa ndi magetsi ochokera kumadera awiri osiyana. Atatha kuwononga yoyamba ndipo akupita ku yachiwiri, amayamba kukangana pakati pa Promethean ndi Alliance. Mbuyeyo atatembenuka kachiwiri, amalandira uthenga kuchokera ku Infinity kuti iwo ali kale pamphepete. Mtsogoleri akudutsa m'mabwalo angapo kupita ku satellite, kumene akuyenera kumenyana ndi nkhondo zina zakutchire. Potsirizira pake, iye amachititsa kuti satanayo ayambe kutumiza uthenga ku Infinity. Komabe, John ndi Cortana sakudziwa kuti satellita ndi sitima ya atate. Atate Father Didactic amachokera ku satellite ndi maphunziro ogwirizana ndi Prometheaner. Awuza John kuti akufuna kubwezera anthu. Bwanji, iye amaphunzira mtsogolo. Pomalizira, aphunzitsi amatsegula malo akuluakulu pamwamba ndikuyamba kugwa. Zimayamba kuthawa ndi mpweya, zomwe zimatha podumphira ku khomo lolowera pamwamba.
Mswerera angapo
Mafilimu enieni ambiri amatchedwa Halo 4 Infinity, chifukwa momwe amachitira pa sitimayo ndi dzina lomwelo ndi membala amene amatha kulankhula. Amagawidwa m'magawo otsatirawa: Masewera a Nkhondo, Misasa ya Spartan ndi Forge Mode. Mu Halo 4, kulimbikitsidwa kwakukulu kumayikidwa pakukonza ndi kusinthasintha khalidwe lanu ndi kachitidwe kanu kawowonjezera. Monga momwe Halo: Fikirani, mukhoza kusintha bwino zida zanu, kupeza phindu, ndi kusankha zida zankhondo. Chomwe chiri chatsopano, ndikuti mungathe kukhazikitsa njira zosiyana siyana ndikukweza mapepala pamasewero a masewera komanso kupanga magulu anu a zida. Kuwonjezera pa magalimoto ochiritsira Wraith, Ghost , Banshee , Warthog , Mongoose ndi Scorpion Tank, akadali Mantis. Galimoto yatsopano ya UNSC kwenikweni ndi yaikulu 'Mech ndi njira zitatu zosiyana.
Greenland
Greenland (Greenlandic: Kalaallit Nunaat, kutchulidwa [kalaːɬit nʉnaːt]; Danish: Grønland, kutchulidwa [ˈkʁɶnˌlænˀ]) ndi dziko la zilumba lomwe lili gawo la Ufumu wa Denmark.Ili pakati pa nyanja za Arctic ndi Atlantic, kum'mawa kwa Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Greenland ndiye chilumba chachikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Ndi limodzi mwa mayiko atatu omwe amapanga Ufumu wa Denmark, pamodzi ndi Denmark ndi zilumba za Faroe; nzika za mayikowa onse ndi nzika za Denmark ndi European Union. Greenland imagawidwa m'matauni asanu: Sermersooq, Kujalleq, Qeqqata, Qeqertalik ndi Avannaata. Kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa chilumbachi kuli malo otetezedwa a Northeast Greenland National Park. Thule Air Base nayonso sinaphatikizidwe, ili mkati mwa tauni ya Avannaata yoyendetsedwa ndi United States Space Force. Likulu la Greenland ndi Nuuk.
Ngakhale kuti ndi gawo la kontinenti ya North America, Greenland yakhala ikugwirizana ndi ndale ndi chikhalidwe ndi Ulaya (makamaka Norway ndi Denmark, maulamuliro atsamunda) kwa zaka zoposa chikwi, kuyambira mu 986.Ambiri mwa okhalamo ake ndi Inuit, amene makolo awo anasamuka kuchokera ku Alaska kudutsa Kumpoto kwa Canada, pang’onopang’ono kukhazikika pachisumbucho pofika zaka za zana la 13.
Masiku ano, anthu ambiri amakhala kugombe lakum’mwera chakumadzulo, pamene ena onse pachilumbachi ali ndi anthu ochepa. Magawo atatu mwa anayi a Greenland ali ndi ayezi wokhazikika kunja kwa Antarctica. Ndi anthu 56,081 (2020), ndi dera lomwe lili ndi anthu ochepa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.Pafupifupi munthu mmodzi pa anthu atatu alionse amakhala ku Nuuk, likulu ndi mzinda waukulu kwambiri; mzinda wachiwiri waukulu kwambiri potengera kuchuluka kwa anthu ndi Sisimiut, 320 km (200 mi) kumpoto kwa Nuuk. Boti la Arctic Umiaq Line limagwira ntchito ngati njira yopulumutsira kumadzulo kwa Greenland, kulumikiza mizinda yosiyanasiyana ndi midzi.
Ephraim Chiume
Mganda Chiume ndi wandale yemwe anasankhidwa kukhala Nduna Yowona Zakunja mu Epulo 2012 mu nduna ya Malawi. M'mbuyomu anali Deputy Minister of Natural Natural, Energy and Environmental, kenako anali Minister of Justice.
Danish Farooq Bhat
Danish Farooq Bhat (wobadwa 9 Meyi 1996) ndi katswiri waku India yemwe amasewera ngati osewera wapakati pa Indian Super League kilabu ya Bengaluru komanso timu ya dziko la India.
Moyo waumwini
Danish adauziridwa ndi abambo ake, Farooq Ahmad, yemwe anali katswiri wa mpira zaka makumi awiri patsogolo pake. Ahmad adayimira timu ya Jammu ndi Kashmir ku Santosh Trophy komanso adasewera chimphona cha Kolkata Mohammedan Sporting.
Nikon D3200
The Nikon D3200 ndi 24.2- megapixel DX mtundu DSLR Nikon F-phiri kamera mwalamulo anapezerapo ndi Nikon pa April 19, 2012. Zimagulitsidwa ngati kamera ya DSLR yowakonza anthu oyamba kumene komanso odziwa ntchito za DSLR omwe ali okonzeka kuti apite patsogolo.
Gwiritsani ntchito makamaka oyamba kumene angathandizidwe ndi njira zothandizira. Amalowetsa D3100 monga momwe DSON imalembera DSLR, koma khalidwe lake lachifaniziro limakhala lofanana ndi la DSLRs. Malinga ndi DxOMark, DSLR ya DSLR inadutsa chiwerengero cha DxOMark Chigawo chonse cha Sensor ya fullframe Canon EOS 5D Mark II , ngakhale kuti 5D Mark II anali yodziwika bwino patatha zaka zinayi.
Wotsatira wake ndi Nikon D3300 yomwe inalengezedwa mu Januwale 2014 ndi Nikon Expeed 4 purosesa yowonongeka, popanda fyuluta yotsegula (OLPF), 5  fps ndi kamera yoyamba ya DSLR ya Nikon ndi Easy (sweep) Panorama. Monga mu Nikon D5300, thupi lopangidwa ndi carbon-fiber-reinforced bodymer komanso kachilombo katsopano kamene kamatulutsa kansalu kameneka kamakhala kochepa kwambiri.
Kukula kwakukulu kwakukulu molingana ndi kuonekera kwa bracketing
The osiyanasiyana wochitachita wa Nikon D3200 ( Expeed 3 dzina lake Expeed 2 mtundu, 14 Tinthu yafupika kuti Akamva 12 ) kuposa ngakhale zonse chimango DSLRs ngati Nikon D3S ( Expeed 2 dzina lake Expeed (1) lembani, 14 Tinthu) kapena Canon 5d MK3 ( DIGIC 5+, 14 bits) pafupipafupi ya film (ISO 100 ndi ISO 200) chifukwa cha kuchepetsa mphamvu zowonongeka kwa analogi-to-digital.
D3200 sizimangodziwika bwino. Nikon D3200 yaikulu kwambiri imagwiritsa ntchito kuwombera zithunzi zambiri zapamwamba (HDR, makamaka popangidwa ndi kuphatikiza zithunzi zosiyana siyana) ndi kuwombera kamodzi, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe ojambulidwa. Njira yowonjezera ya HDR imapeŵetsanso mavuto monga kufotokozera, mafano auzimu kapena zolakwika zina pamene mukuphatikiza zithunzi zambiri.
Kulandira
DxO Labs inapereka mphamvu zake zokwanira 81, mbali imodzi chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu. Panthawi yakuyesera zotsatira zachiwiri za APS-C DSLRs muyeso ya DxO Labs / DxOMark yowona, inkapambana kuposa okwera mtengo kwambiri. Kujambula Zithunzi Zopanga Zojambulajambula kunapatsa kamera chiwerengero cha 73% pothandizira "mphoto ya siliva", kuyamikila kuti ntchitoyi ndi yopindulitsa komanso ikuwonetseratu "yochedwa AF " ndi kusowa kwa zotsatira za fyuluta ya kamera. TechRadar inapereka chiwerengero cha 4/5, kutchula momwe makamera amatsogolerera komanso zojambula monga zamphamvu zake ndi "mitundu yodabwitsa" pawindo la LCD ngati lofooka kwambiri. Magazini ya T3 yotchedwa D3200 "imodzi mwa njira zabwino kwambiri zowonjezera za DSLRs", poti ngakhale kuti ndi "mtengo wamtengo wapatali" komanso ndi mavuto ena owonetsera LCD, njira yotsogolera komanso "khalidwe labwino kwambiri" limapangitsa "kukhala wamkulu ngati muli DSLR oyambirira kwa kamera yokoma ".
George Chaponda
George T. Chaponda (wobadwa pa 1 Novembala 1942) ndi kazembe wazamalawi pantchito yaku Malawi komanso wandale yemwe adatumikira ngati Unduna wa Zaulimi, ulimi wa Irrigation ndi Chitukuko chamadzi kuyambira 2016 mpaka 2017. Ndi membala woyambitsa chipani cholamula cha Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) ndipo ndi membala wa DPP Nyumba Yamalamulo yochokera kuchigawo cha Mulanje kumwera kwa Malawi.
Alan Munro
Sir Alan Whiteside Munro KBE (23 Meyi 1898 - 8 Julayi 1968) anali membala wa Nyumba Yamalamulo ya Queensland. Anali Wachiwiri kwa Prime Minister waku Queensland kuyambira 1963 mpaka 1965.
Bitcoin
Bitcoin (₿) ndi ndalama za digito zomwe zitha kusamutsidwa pa intaneti ya anzawo ndi anzawo. [7] Zochita za Bitcoin zimatsimikiziridwa ndi ma netiweki kudzera pa cryptography ndikujambulidwa mu buku lofalitsidwa ndi anthu lotchedwa blockchain. The cryptocurrency anatulukira mu 2008 ndi munthu osadziwika kapena gulu la anthu ntchito dzina Satoshi Nakamoto.[10] Ndalamayi idayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu 2009[11] pomwe kukhazikitsidwa kwake kudatulutsidwa ngati pulogalamu yotseguka. [6]: ch. 1
Bitcoins amapangidwa ngati mphotho ya njira yotchedwa migodi. Atha kusinthidwa ndi ndalama zina, zogulitsa, ndi ntchito zina. Bitcoin yadzudzulidwa chifukwa chogwiritsidwa ntchito pochita zinthu zoletsedwa, kuchuluka kwa magetsi (ndipo motero mpweya wa carbon) womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi migodi, kusinthasintha kwamtengo wapatali, ndi kuba kwa kusinthanitsa. Osunga ndalama ena ndi akatswiri azachuma amaziwonetsa ngati zongopeka nthawi zosiyanasiyana.
Bitcoin, wakhala akufotokozedwa ngati kuwira chuma kuwira ndi osachepera asanu ndi atatu Nobel Memorial Prize mu Economic Sciences.[12] Atolankhani, akatswiri azachuma, osunga ndalama, ndi banki yayikulu ya Estonia anena kuti bitcoin ndi dongosolo la Ponzi. [13] [14] [15] [16]
Mawu akuti bitcoin adatanthauzidwa mu pepala loyera lofalitsidwa pa 31 October 2008. [4] [17] Ndi kuphatikiza kwa mawu akuti bit ndi coin.[18] Palibe yunifolomu msonkhano wa bitcoin capitalization alipo; Magwero ena amagwiritsa ntchito Bitcoin, capitalized, kunena zaukadaulo ndi maukonde ndi bitcoin, lowercase, kwa unit of account.[19] The Wall Street Journal, [20] The Chronicle of Higher Education, [21] ndi Oxford English Dictionary [18] amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito bitcoin zilembo zing'onozing'ono nthawi zonse.
Henry Dama Phoya
Henry Phoya Dama ndi Member wakale yamalamulo Malawi 'm Blantyre Rural East, nduna ya Mayiko Nyumba  komanso nduna za chilungamo ndi Loya wa Malawi.
Bitcoin
Mayunitsi ndi kugawanika
Malawian Defence Force
Malawian Defence Force ndi gulu lankhondo la boma lomwe lili ndi udindo woteteza dziko la Malawi. Zinachokera kumagulu a British King's African Rifles, magulu atsamunda omwe adakhazikitsidwa ufulu usanayambe mu 1964.
Bitcoin
Chigawo cha akaunti ya bitcoin system ndi bitcoin. Ndalama zoyimira bitcoin ndi BTC[a ] ndi XBT.[b][25]: 2  Khalidwe lake la Unicode ndi ₿.[1] bitcoin imodzi imagawidwa ndi malo asanu ndi atatu. [6]: ch. 5  Mayunitsi a tinthu tating'ono ta bitcoin ndi millibitcoin (mBTC), yofanana ndi 1⁄1000 bitcoin, ndi satoshi (sat), lomwe ndi gawo laling'ono kwambiri, ndipo limatchulidwa polemekeza Mlengi wa bitcoin, kuimira 1⁄100000000 (zana. miliyoni) bitcoin [2] 100,000 satoshis ndi mBTC imodzi.[26]
Henry Dama Phoya
Anathamangitsidwa mu Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) atatsutsa "Injunctions Bill", yomwe adati ndi lamulo loipa lomwe lingachotse ufulu wa anthu komanso osateteza anthu. Phoya analinso wapampando wa Komiti Yowona Zachilamulo ya National Assembly (LAC); positi yomwe idapita ku Goodall Gondwe mu Ogasiti 2011.
Malawian Defence Force
Asilikali amapangidwa motsogozedwa ndi Unduna wa Zachitetezo.
Bitcoin
Chiwerengero chazomwe zimachitika pa bitcoin pamwezi, chiwembu cha semilogarithmic[27]
Henry Dama Phoya
Adataya mpando wake mu Januware 2014.
Bitcoin
Chiwerengero cha zotsatira zomwe sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito[28] The bitcoin blockchain ndi buku la anthu lomwe limalemba zochitika za bitcoin.[29] Imakhazikitsidwa ngati midadada yotsatizana, chipika chilichonse chokhala ndi ma cryptographic hashi ya block yapitayo mpaka ku block ya genesis[c] mu unyolo. Maukonde olumikizirana omwe amayendetsa mapulogalamu a bitcoin amasunga blockchain.[30]: 215–219  Kusinthana kwa fomu yolipira X imatumiza ma bitcoins a Y kwa wolipidwa Z amawulutsidwa ku netiweki iyi pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu omwe amapezeka mosavuta.
Ma node a netiweki amatha kutsimikizira zomwe zachitika, kuziwonjezera pamakope awo, kenako ndikuwulutsa zowonjezera zaleji ku ma node ena. Kuti tikwaniritse kutsimikizira paokha unyolo wa umwini aliyense maukonde mfundo amasunga buku lake la blockchain.[31] Pazigawo zosiyanasiyana za nthawi yofikira mphindi iliyonse ya 10, gulu latsopano la zochitika zovomerezeka, lotchedwa chipika, limapangidwa, likuwonjezeredwa ku blockchain, ndipo limafalitsidwa mwamsanga ku ma node onse, osafuna kuyang'anira pakati. Izi zimalola mapulogalamu a bitcoin kuti adziwe nthawi yomwe bitcoin inayake idagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimafunika kupewa kuwononga kawiri. A ledger ochiritsira amalemba kusamutsidwa kwa mabilu enieni kapena zolemba zamalonda zomwe zilipo popanda izo, koma blockchain ndi malo okhawo omwe bitcoins anganene kuti alipo mu mawonekedwe a zotuluka zosagwiritsidwa ntchito zamalonda.[6]: ch. 5
midadada aliyense, maadiresi onse ndi zochitika mkati midadada akhoza kufufuzidwa pogwiritsa ntchito blockchain wofufuza.
Zochita Onaninso: Bitcoin network Zochita zimatanthauzidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo cha Forth-like scripting.[6]: ch. 5  Zochita zimakhala ndi cholowa chimodzi kapena zingapo komanso zotulutsa chimodzi kapena zingapo. Wogwiritsa ntchito akatumiza ma bitcoins, wogwiritsa ntchito amasankha adilesi iliyonse ndi kuchuluka kwa bitcoin yomwe imatumizidwa ku adilesiyo pazotulutsa. Pofuna kupewa kuwononga kawiri, cholowetsa chilichonse chiyenera kutchula zomwe sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito kale mu blockchain.[32] Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zolowetsa zambiri kumagwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri pochita malonda. Popeza kugulitsa kumatha kukhala ndi zotuluka zingapo, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kutumiza ma bitcoins kwa olandila angapo pakuchita kumodzi. Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi ndalama, kuchuluka kwa zolowa (ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polipira) zitha kupitilira zomwe zaperekedwa. Zikatero, kutulutsa kowonjezera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, kubwezera kusintha kwa wolipira. [32] Ma satoshis aliwonse omwe sanawerengedwe pazotulukapo amakhala ndalama zogulira.[32]
Malawian Defence Force
Malawi Army
Dziko la Malawi lisanalandire ufulu wodzilamulira linkadalira zida zake zankhondo ku Rhodesia, chifukwa gulu lankhondo la atsamunda la Britain nthawi zambiri linkakhazikitsidwa m'mayiko onse, m'malo motengera madera awo. Gulu la Malawi Rifles linakhazikitsidwa pamene dzikolo lidalandira ufulu wodzilamulira kuchokera ku dziko la United Kingdom m’chaka cha 1964. Gulu lake loyamba lankhondo linapangidwa kuchokera ku gulu loyamba lankhondo la King’s African Rifles. Atalandira ufulu wodzilamulira gulu lankhondolo linakhala 1st Battalion, The Malawi Rifles (King's African Rifles). Iwo anali ku likulu la asilikali a Malawi ku Cobbe Barracks, Zomba. Cobbe Barracks adatchulidwa mu May 1958 kwa General General Alexander Cobbe VC, yemwe adatumikira ndi King's African Rifles. A Rifles akuti anali ndi mphamvu za amuna 2,000 panthawi yodzilamulira. Pa 6 July 1966 Malawi idakhala dziko la Republic ndipo Kamuzu Banda adakhala mtsogoleri woyamba. Pambuyo pamwambo wolumbirira ntchito yake yoyamba inali yopereka gulu lankhondo lokhala ndi mtundu wake wa pulezidenti komanso mtundu watsopano wa regimental. Zinali motsogozedwa ndi Brigadier Paul Lewis, waku Britain wochokera kunja; Wales Colonel Dudley Thornton adalamulira 1965-67. Mu 1966 zikuwoneka kuti mwina 60% ya maofesala mu batalioni anali maofesala omwe sanatumizidwe.
Bitcoin
Ma midadada mu blockchain poyamba anali ochepa 32 megabytes kukula. Kuchuluka kwa chipika cha megabyte imodzi kunayambitsidwa ndi Satoshi Nakamoto mu 2010. Pambuyo pake malire a kukula kwa chipika cha megabyte imodzi adayambitsa mavuto pakukonza zinthu, monga kuonjezera ndalama zogulira ndi kuchedwa kukonza zochitika. [33] Andreas Antonopoulos wanena kuti Lightning Network ndi njira yothetsera makulitsidwe ndipo amatchula mphezi ngati njira yachiwiri yosanjikiza. [6]: ch. 8
Orton Chirwa
Orton Chirwa (30 Januware 1919 - 20 Okutobala 1992) anali loya komanso mtsogoleri wandale ku Nyasaland ndipo pambuyo pa ufulu adakhala Nduna Yowona Zachilungamo komanso Woyimira Malamulo ku Malawi. Pambuyo pa kukangana ndi Purezidenti waku Malawi wodziyimira pawokha Hastings Kamuzu Banda, iye ndi mkazi wake Vera adathamangitsidwa. Atagwiridwanso kunja komweko adazengedwa milandu m'Malawi pamilandu yachiwembu ndipo adaweruza kuti aphedwe. Amnesty International idatcha awiriwa omwe ali m'ndende chifukwa cha chikumbumtima. Atakhala pafupifupi zaka khumi ndi chimodzi mdziko la Malawi, Orton Chirwa adamwalira mndende pa 20 October 1992.
Bitcoin
Unyolo wosavuta wa umwini monga momwe zikuwonetsedwera mu bitcoin whitepaper.[4] M'menemo, kugulitsa kumatha kukhala ndi zolowetsa zambiri komanso zotulutsa zambiri.[32] Mu blockchain, ma bitcoins amalembetsedwa ku ma adilesi a bitcoin. Kupanga adilesi ya bitcoin sikungofunika china koma kusankha kiyi yachinsinsi yachinsinsi ndikuyika adilesi yofananira. Kuwerengera uku kutha kuchitika pakagawanika sekondi. Koma m'malo mwake, kupanga kiyi yachinsinsi ya adilesi yomwe yapatsidwa bitcoin, ndizosatheka.[6]: ch. 4  Ogwiritsa amatha kuuza ena kapena kuyika pagulu adilesi ya bitcoin popanda kusokoneza chinsinsi chake chachinsinsi. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa makiyi achinsinsi ovomerezeka ndi akulu kwambiri kotero kuti ndizokayikitsa kuti wina angawerenge makiyi omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito kale ndipo ali ndi ndalama. Kuchuluka kwa makiyi achinsinsi ovomerezeka kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kuti mphamvu zankhanza zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusokoneza makiyi achinsinsi. Kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito ma bitcoins awo, eni ake ayenera kudziwa chinsinsi chofananira chachinsinsi ndikusaina malondawo [d] Maukonde amatsimikizira siginecha pogwiritsa ntchito kiyi yapagulu; kiyi yachinsinsi sinaululidwe.[6]: ch. 5
Ngati chinsinsi chachinsinsi chatayika, maukonde a bitcoin sadzazindikira umboni wina uliwonse wa umwini;[30] ndalamazo zimakhala zosagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo zimatayika. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2013 wogwiritsa ntchito wina ananena kuti anataya ma bitcoins 7,500, okwana madola 7.5 miliyoni panthawiyo, pamene mwangozi anataya hard drive yomwe munali kiyi yake yachinsinsi.[36] Pafupifupi 20% ya ma bitcoins onse amakhulupirira kuti atayika - akadakhala nawo
Migodi Onaninso: Bitcoin network § Migodi
Pambuyo pake ankachita masewera amakumba ma bitcoins ndi tchipisi tapadera za FPGA ndi ASIC. Ma chips omwe ali pachithunzichi atha kutha chifukwa chazovuta.
Masiku ano, makampani amigodi a bitcoin amapereka maofesi ku nyumba ndikugwira ntchito zambiri za hardware zamigodi zomwe zimagwira ntchito kwambiri. [42]
Semi-log chiwembu chazovuta zamigodi [e][28] Migodi ndi ntchito yosunga zolembedwa zomwe zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yakukonza makompyuta. [f] Ogwira ntchito ku migodi amasunga blockchain kukhala yokhazikika, yokwanira, komanso yosasinthika pogawa mobwerezabwereza zomwe zangochitika kumene ku block, zomwe zimawulutsidwa ku netiweki ndikutsimikiziridwa ndi wolandira. mfundo.[29] Chida chilichonse chimakhala ndi SHA-256 cryptographic hash ya chipika chapitacho, [29] potero amachilumikiza ku chipika chapitacho ndikupatsa blockchain dzina lake.[6]: ch. 7 [29]
Kuti avomerezedwe ndi maukonde ena onse, chipika chatsopano chiyenera kukhala ndi umboni wa ntchito (PoW).[29][g] PoW imafuna kuti ogwira ntchito m'migodi apeze nambala yotchedwa nonce (nambala yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi), kotero kuti pamene chipika zili mwachangu pamodzi ndi nonce, zotsatira zake zimakhala zocheperapo kusiyana ndi chandamale chovuta cha netiweki.[6]: ch. 8  Umboniwu ndi wosavuta kuti node iliyonse pamaneti itsimikizire, koma imatenga nthawi yambiri kuti ipange, ngati kachipangizo kotetezedwa, ochita migodi amayenera kuyesa mitundu ingapo yamitundu yosiyanasiyana (nthawi zambiri kutsatizana kwa miyeso yoyesedwa ndi manambala achilengedwe omwe akukwera: 0, 1, 2, 3, ...) zotsatira zisanachitike kukhala zochepa kuposa chandamale chovuta. Chifukwa chandamale chovutirapo ndi chaching'ono kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ma hashi wamba a SHA-256, ma block hashi ali ndi ziro zambiri zotsogola[6]: ch. 8  monga tikuwonera pachitsanzo ichi block hash:
000000000000000000590fc0f3eba193a278534220b2b37e9849e1a770ca959 Mwa kusintha cholinga chovutachi, kuchuluka kwa ntchito yofunikira kuti mupange chipika kungasinthidwe. Ma block 2,016 aliwonse (pafupifupi masiku 14 operekedwa pafupifupi mphindi 10 pa chipika), node amasinthiratu chandamale chovuta kutengera kuchuluka kwaposachedwa kwa block block, ndi cholinga chosunga nthawi pakati pa midadada yatsopano mphindi khumi. Mwanjira iyi dongosololi limangotengera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamigodi pamaneti. [6]: ch. 8  Pofika Epulo 2022, zimatengera pafupifupi 122 sextillion (122 biliyoni biliyoni) kuyesa kupanga chipika chocheperako kuposa chomwe chavuta. [45] Mawerengedwe a ukuluwu ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera. [46]
Umboni wa ntchito dongosolo, pamodzi ndi unyolo wa midadada, kumapangitsa kusintha blockchain kukhala kovuta kwambiri, monga wowukira ayenera kusintha midadada onse wotsatira kuti kusinthidwa kwa chipika chimodzi kulandiridwa.[47] Pamene midadada yatsopano imakumbidwa nthawi zonse, zovuta zosintha chipika zimawonjezeka pamene nthawi ikupita ndipo chiwerengero cha midadada yotsatira (yotchedwanso zitsimikiziro za chipikacho) chimawonjezeka.[29]
Mphamvu zamakompyuta nthawi zambiri zimasonkhanitsidwa pamodzi ndi dziwe la Mining kuti muchepetse kusiyana kwa ndalama za migodi. Makina opangira migodi nthawi zambiri amayenera kudikirira kwa nthawi yayitali kuti atsimikizire kuchuluka kwa malonda ndi kulandira malipiro. Mu dziwe, onse ogwira ntchito m'migodi amalipidwa nthawi iliyonse pamene seva yogwira nawo ntchito ithetsa chipika. Kulipira kumeneku kumadalira kuchuluka kwa ntchito yomwe wogwira ntchito m'migodi wathandizira kuti apeze chipikacho.[48]
Perekani
Ma bitcoins onse omwe amafalitsidwa. [28] The bwino mgodi kupeza chipika latsopano amaloledwa ndi ena onse maukonde kusonkhanitsa ndalama zonse wotuluka kuchokera wotuluka iwo m'gulu chipika, komanso anakonzeratu mphoto ya bitcoins kumene analenga. [49] Pofika pa 11 Meyi 2020, mphothoyi pakadali pano ndi ma bitcoins 6.25 opangidwa kumene pa block iliyonse.[50] Kuti mutenge mphothoyi, ndalama zapadera zotchedwa coinbase zimaphatikizidwa mu chipikacho, ndipo wachigodi ndiye wolipidwa.[6]: ch. 8  Ma bitcoins onse omwe alipo adapangidwa kudzera munjira iyi. Ndondomeko ya bitcoin imanena kuti mphotho yowonjezeretsa chipika idzachepetsedwa ndi theka midadada iliyonse ya 210,000 (pafupifupi zaka zinayi zilizonse). Pamapeto pake, mphothoyo idzatsika mpaka ziro, ndipo malire a 21 miliyoni bitcoins[h] afikira c. 2140; kusunga kaundula kudzalipidwa ndi chindapusa chokhacho.[51]
Decentralization Bitcoin imagawidwa motere: [7]
Mbiri Nkhani yayikulu: Mbiri ya bitcoin Chilengedwe Zithunzi zakunja chithunzi chithunzi Tsamba loyamba la The Times 03 Jan 2009 kusonyeza mutu wankhani wogwiritsidwa ntchito mu genesis block chithunzi Chithunzi choyipa cha ma pizza awiri ogulidwa ndi Laszlo Hanyecz kwa ₿10,000
Ma logo a Bitcoin opangidwa ndi Satoshi Nakamoto mu 2009 (kumanzere) ndi 2010 (kumanja) amawonetsa ma bitcoins ngati zizindikiro zagolide. Dzina lamalo bitcoin.org adalembetsedwa pa Ogasiti 18, 2008. [82] Pa 31 Okutobala 2008, ulalo ku pepala lolembedwa ndi Satoshi Nakamoto lotchedwa Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System[4] idayikidwa pamndandanda wamakalata achinsinsi.[83] Nakamoto adakhazikitsa pulogalamu ya bitcoin ngati code yotsegula ndipo idatulutsa mu Januware 2009. [84] [85] [11] Nakamoto sakudziwikabe. [10]
Pa 3 Januware 2009, maukonde a bitcoin adapangidwa pomwe Nakamoto adakumba chipika choyambira cha unyolo, womwe umadziwika kuti block genesis. [86] [87] M'munsi mwa coinbase wa chipilalachi munali mawu akuti "The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor atsala pang'ono kubwezanso ndalama zachiwiri zamabanki".[11] Cholembachi chikutchula mutu wankhani wofalitsidwa ndi The Times ndipo watanthauziridwa ngati chidindo cha nthawi komanso ndemanga pa kusakhazikika komwe kumadza chifukwa cha mabanki osungitsa magawo.[88]: 18
Wolandila koyamba bitcoin anali Hal Finney, amene analenga woyamba reusable umboni wa ntchito dongosolo (RPoW) mu 2004.[89] Finney adatsitsa pulogalamu ya bitcoin patsiku lake lotulutsidwa, ndipo pa 12 Januware 2009 adalandira ma bitcoins khumi kuchokera ku Nakamoto. [90] [91] Othandizira ena oyambilira a cypherpunk anali opanga omwe amatsogolera bitcoin: Wei Dai, wopanga b-ndalama, ndi Nick Szabo, wopanga golide pang'ono. [86] Mu 2010, kugulitsa koyamba kodziwika kwa bitcoin kunachitika pomwe wopanga mapulogalamu Laszlo Hanyecz adagula pizzas awiri a Papa John kwa ₿10,000 kuchokera kwa Jeremy Sturdivant.
Ofufuza a Blockchain akuyerekeza kuti Nakamoto adakumba pafupifupi ma bitcoins miliyoni [97] asanazimiririke mu 2010 pomwe adapereka kiyi yochenjeza za netiweki ndikuwongolera malo osungira kwa Gavin Andresen. Pambuyo pake Andresen adakhala wopanga mapulogalamu pa Bitcoin Foundation. [98] [99] Kenako Andresen adafuna kugawa ulamuliro. Izi zinasiya mwayi kuti mikangano ikhale pa chitukuko chamtsogolo cha bitcoin, mosiyana ndi ulamuliro wodziwika wa zopereka za Nakamoto. [69] [99]
2011-2012 Pambuyo pa zochitika zoyambilira za "umboni wa malingaliro", ogwiritsa ntchito oyamba bitcoin anali misika yakuda, monga Silk Road. M'miyezi 30 yakukhalapo, kuyambira mu February 2011, Silk Road idalandira ma bitcoins ngati malipiro, kugulitsa ma bitcoins miliyoni 9.9, okwana $214 miliyoni.[30]: 222
Mu 2011, mtengowo unayamba pa $ 0.30 pa bitcoin, kukula mpaka $ 5.27 pachaka. Mtengo unakwera mpaka $31.50 pa 8 June. Pasanathe mwezi umodzi, mtengowo unatsika mpaka $11.00. Mwezi wotsatira chinatsika kufika pa $7.80, ndipo m’mwezi wina chinafika pa $4.77. [100]
Mu 2012, mitengo ya bitcoin inayamba pa $5.27, ikukula kufika pa $13.30 pachaka.[100] Pofika 9 Januware mtengo udakwera mpaka $ 7.38, koma kenako udagwa ndi 49% mpaka $ 3.80 m'masiku 16 otsatira. Mtengowo unakwera kufika pa $16.41 pa 17 August, koma unatsika ndi 57% kufika pa $7.10 m'masiku atatu otsatira. [101]
Bitcoin Foundation idakhazikitsidwa mu Seputembara 2012 kulimbikitsa chitukuko ndi kutengera kwa bitcoin.[102]
Pa 1 Novembala 2011, kukhazikitsidwa kwa Bitcoin-Qt mtundu 0.5.0 kudatulutsidwa. Zinayambitsa kutsogolo komwe kumagwiritsa ntchito zida za Qt. [103] Pulogalamuyi idagwiritsa ntchito Berkeley DB poyang'anira database. Madivelopa adasinthira ku LevelDB potulutsa 0.8 kuti achepetse nthawi yolumikizana ndi blockchain. inasiyidwa mu mtundu 0.8.2. Kuchokera ku mtundu wa 0.9.0 pulogalamuyo idasinthidwa kukhala Bitcoin Core. Ndalama zolipirira zidachepetsedwanso ndi gawo la khumi ngati njira yolimbikitsira ma microtransactions. [kutchulidwa kofunikira] Ngakhale Bitcoin Core sagwiritsa ntchito OpenSSL pakugwiritsa ntchito maukonde, pulogalamuyo idagwiritsa ntchito OpenSSL pama foni akutali. Mtundu wa 0.9.1 unatulutsidwa kuti achotse chiwopsezo cha netiweki ku Heartbleed bug.
2013-2016 Mu 2013, mitengo idayamba pa $13.30 kukwera mpaka $770 pofika 1 Januware 2014. [100]
Mu Marichi 2013 blockchain idagawika kwakanthawi kukhala maunyolo awiri odziyimira pawokha ndi malamulo osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha cholakwika mu mtundu 0,8 wa pulogalamu ya bitcoin. Ma blockchains awiriwa adagwira ntchito nthawi imodzi kwa maola asanu ndi limodzi, iliyonse ili ndi mbiri yake ya mbiri yakale kuyambira pomwe idagawanika. Opaleshoni Normal anabwezeretsedwa pamene ambiri maukonde downgraded kuti Baibulo 0,7 wa bitcoin mapulogalamu, kusankha kumbuyo-n'zogwirizana Baibulo blockchain. Zotsatira zake, blockchain iyi idakhala unyolo wautali kwambiri ndipo imatha kulandiridwa ndi onse otenga nawo mbali, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wawo wa pulogalamu ya bitcoin.[104] Pakugawanika, kusinthana kwa Mt. Gox kunayimitsa pang'ono ma depositi a bitcoin ndipo mtengo unatsika ndi 23% mpaka $37 [104] [105] asanabwerere ku
Mabungwe azachuma Bitcoins zitha kugulidwa pakusinthana kwa ndalama zadijito.
Malinga ndi ofufuza, "pali chizindikiro pang'ono ntchito bitcoin" m'mayiko otumiza kunja ngakhale chindapusa mkulu mlandu ndi mabanki ndi Western Union amene kupikisana pa msika izi.[30] The South China Morning Post Komabe, amatchula ntchito bitcoin ndi ogwira Hong Kong kusamutsa ndalama kunyumba.[209]
Mu 2014, National Australia Bank anatseka nkhani za malonda ndi zomangira bitcoin, [210] ndi HSBC anakana kutumikira hedge thumba ndi maulalo bitcoin.[211] Mabanki aku Australia ambiri akuti atseka maakaunti akubanki a mabizinesi okhudza ndalamazo.[212]
Pa 10 December 2017, ndi Chicago Board Mungasankhe Kusinthanitsa anayamba malonda bitcoin tsogolo, [213] kutsatiridwa ndi Chicago Mercantile Kusinthanitsa, amene anayamba malonda bitcoin tsogolo pa 17 December 2017. [214]
Mu Seputembala 2019 Banki Yaikulu ya Venezuela, pempho la PDVSA, idayesa mayeso kuti adziwe ngati bitcoin ndi ether zitha kuchitika m'malo osungira banki chapakati. Pempholi lidalimbikitsidwa ndi cholinga cha kampani yamafuta kuti alipire omwe amawagulitsa.[215]
François R. Velde, Senior Economist ku Chicago Fed, anafotokoza bitcoin monga "kaso njira yothetsera vuto la kulenga digito ndalama".[216] David Andolfatto, Vice Prezidenti ku Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, adanena kuti bitcoin ndikuwopseza kukhazikitsidwa, zomwe akunena kuti ndi chinthu chabwino kwa Federal Reserve System ndi mabanki ena apakati, chifukwa zimapangitsa kuti mabungwewa azigwira ntchito bwino. ndondomeko.[43]: 33 [217][218]
Monga ndalama Mapasa a Winklevoss agula bitcoin. Mu 2013, The Washington Post inanena kuti iwo anali ndi 1% ya bitcoins zonse zomwe zinalipo panthawiyo. [219]
Njira zina zoyendetsera ndalama ndi ndalama za bitcoin. The woyamba ankalamulira bitcoin thumba unakhazikitsidwa mu Jersey mu July 2014 ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi Jersey Financial Services Commission.[220]
Forbes adatcha bitcoin ndalama zabwino kwambiri za 2013. [221] Mu 2014, Bloomberg adatcha bitcoin imodzi mwamabizinesi ake oyipa kwambiri pachaka. [222] Mu 2015, bitcoin inali pamwamba pa ndalama za Bloomberg. [223]
Malinga ndi bitinfocharts.com, mu 2017, panali 9,272 bitcoin wallets ndi ndalama zoposa $1 miliyoni za bitcoins.[224] Chiwerengero chenicheni cha mamiliyoniya a bitcoin sichidziwika chifukwa munthu m'modzi amatha kukhala ndi chikwama cha bitcoin chopitilira chimodzi.
Mtengo ndi kusakhazikika
Mtengo mu US$, semilogarithmic plot.[28]
Malinga ndi Mark T. Williams, kuyambira 30 September 2014, bitcoin ali ndi kusakhazikika kuwirikiza kasanu ndi kawiri kuposa golide, kasanu ndi katatu kuposa S&P 500, ndi 18 kuwirikiza kuposa dola yaku US. [235] Hodl ndi meme yopangidwa ponena za kugwira (kusiyana ndi kugulitsa) panthawi yakusakhazikika. Zachilendo pazachuma, malonda a bitcoin kumapeto kwa Disembala 2020 anali apamwamba kuposa masiku apakati. [236] Hedge funds (pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri ndi zotengera)[237] ayesa kugwiritsa ntchito kusakhazikika kuti apindule ndi kutsika kwamitengo. Kumapeto kwa Januware 2021, maudindo oterowo anali opitilira $1 biliyoni, omwe anali apamwamba kwambiri kuposa nthawi zonse. [238] Pofika pa 8 February 2021, mtengo wotseka wa bitcoin unali wofanana ndi US$44,797. [239]
Udindo walamulo, msonkho ndi malamulo Zambiri: Kuvomerezeka kwa bitcoin ndi dziko kapena gawo Chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chokhazikika cha bitcoin komanso malonda ake pa malonda a pa intaneti omwe ali m'mayiko ambiri, kulamulira bitcoin kwakhala kovuta. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito bitcoin kungakhale kolakwa, ndipo kutseka kusinthanitsa ndi chuma cha anzawo ndi anzawo m'dziko lopatsidwa chikhoza kukhala chiletso chenicheni. [240] Malamulo a bitcoin amasiyana kwambiri kumayiko ena ndipo sakudziwikabe kapena kusintha ambiri aiwo. Malamulo ndi zoletsa zomwe zimagwira ntchito kwa bitc
Loti Dzonzi
Loti Dzonzi ndi a inspector General wa apolisi aku Malawi muno m'Malawi. Adabadwira ku Ntchisi District. Malawi.
Peter Mukhito
Peter Mukhito ndi Inspector General wa apolisi ku Malawi. Amachokera ku Chigawo cha Chiradzulu. Adziwika bwino chifukwa chofunsa mafunso a Blessings Chinsinga omwe adayima kumbali ya ufulu wamaphunziro ku Malawi pakati pa Chinsinga ndi Purezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika.
Palm cockatoo
Palm cockatoo (Probosciger aterrimus), yomwe imadziwikanso kuti goliath cockatoo kapena great black cockatoo, ndi parrot yayikulu yotuwa kapena yakuda ya banja la cockatoo ku New Guinea, Aru Islands, ndi Cape York Peninsula. Ili ndi mlomo wawukulu wakuda komanso zowoneka zofiira pamasaya. Palm cockatoos amangoikira dzira limodzi chaka chachiwiri chilichonse ndipo amakhala ndi chiwopsezo chotsika kwambiri choswana chomwe chimanenedwa pamtundu uliwonse wa zinkhwe. Kuthetsa izi ndi moyo wawo wautali kwambiri. Mnyamata wina anayamba kuswana ali ndi zaka 29 ku Taronga Zoo ku Sydney, ndipo mkazi wina ku London Zoo anali ndi zaka 40 pamene anaikira dzira lake loyamba mu 1966. Kuswana kumachitikira m’maenje amitengo omwe amaoneka ngati mapaipi oima.
Malamulo a dziko la Malawi
Malamulo a Malawi amayendetsedwa ndi Constitution of Malawi, monga yasinthidwa; Lamulo la Citizenship Act ndi kukonzanso kwake; ndi mapangano osiyanasiyana apadziko lonse lapansi omwe dzikolo lidasainako. Malamulowa amatsimikizira yemwe ali, kapena woyenerera kukhala, nzika ya dziko la Malawi. Njira zovomerezeka zopezera dziko, umembala wovomerezeka wadziko, zimasiyana ndi maufulu a m'banja komanso udindo pakati pa dziko ndi dziko, zodziwika kuti nzika]. Nationality imafotokoza za ubale wa munthu ndi boma malinga ndi malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi, pomwe unzika uli ubale wapakhomo pakati pa munthu ndi dziko. Udziko wa Malawi umapezeka motsatira mfundo za [[jus soli, kutanthauza kuti kubadwa ku Malawi, kapena jus sanguinis, kubadwa kwa abambo omwe ali ndi dziko la Malawi. Itha kuperekedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mgwirizano ndi dzikolo, kapena kwa munthu wokhala m'dzikolo kwanthawi yayitali kudzera mwachilengedwe.
Kupeza fuko
Ufulu ukhoza kupezedwa m’Malawi pobadwa kapena m’moyo mwanu kudzera muufulu kapena kulembetsa.
Pobadwa
Amene amapeza utundu pa kubadwa akuphatikizapo, ana obadwa kulikonse kwa kholo la dziko la Malawi, pokhapokha tate ndi nzika ya dziko limene dziko la Malawi lili pankhondo kapena kuti mwana anabadwa pa nthawi ya nkhondo ya adani. Ana obadwa kunja kwa kholo lomwe linabadwira ku Malawi amaonedwa kuti ndi a Malawi, koma sangapatsire dziko lawo kwa ana awo obadwa. kunja.
Mwa chilengedwe
Kuvomerezeka kungaperekedwe kwa anthu akunja omwe akhala m'derali kwa nthawi yokwanira kuti atsimikizire kuti amvetsetsa Chingelezi kapena chimodzi mwa zinenero zomwe zikulankhulidwa panopa m'dzikoli komanso miyambo ndi miyambo ya anthu. Malamulo onse ndi oti ofunsira akhale ndi makhalidwe abwino ndi makhalidwe abwino, athe kudzisamalira okha, ndipo angasonyeze kuti adzakhala nzika zoyenerera. Olembera ayenera kukhala atakhala m'dziko muno kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Palibe zonena m'malamulo adziko kuti anthu otengedwa kukhala nzika za Malawi, ndiponso ana kapena akazi a anthu amene akufuna kukhala nzika ya dziko lawo sapatsidwa mwayi wopatsidwa udindo wongotengera kuvomereza kwa bambo kapena mwamuna kapena mkazi wawo. Zosankha za Nduna yoona za dziko sizingachitike. adatsutsidwa kukhothi.
Kulembetsa
Anthu omwe ali ndi ubale wapamtima, kutanthauza kuti anabadwira m'dziko, ali ndi makolo omwe anabadwira m'dzikolo, kapena ali ndi zaka 20 kapena kuposerapo m'derali, ali oyenera kulembetsa. Kulembetsa sikungochitika zokha, koma malinga ndi momwe aboma angafunire. Anthu omwe angalembetse ngati nzika ndi awa:
Kutaya mtundu
Mzika za dziko la Malawi zikhonza kusiya dziko lawo ngati litavomerezedwa kutero ndi boma pofuna kuwonetsetsa kuti kukana koteroko sikuchitika pa nthawi ya nkhondo kapena kungamusiye munthu wopanda malire. Mzika za dziko la Malawi zikhoza kudenaturalised chifukwa chochita zinthu zosemphana ndi zofuna za boma; kuchita zolakwa zazikulu, zosakhulupirika, kapena zolakwa motsutsana ndi boma kapena chitetezo cha boma; chifukwa chogwirizana ndi mdani pankhondo; wokhala kunja kwa nthawi yopitilira zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri pokhapokha ngati ali muutumiki wa boma kapena bungwe lapadziko lonse lapansi lolembetsedwa ndi kazembe; kapena chinyengo, kunamizira zabodza, kapena kubisa m'madandaulo aumwini.
Dziko ziwiri
Dual nationality ndiwololedwa ku Malawi kuyambira pomwe lamulo la Citizenship Act lidasinthidwa mchaka cha 2019.
Maufumu aku Africa ndi kulumikizana kwa Europe (1616-1889)
Apwitikizi anayamba kuloŵa Zambesia m’mphepete mwa mtsinje Zambezi.
Indian Premier League
Indian Premier League (IPL) ndi ligi ya cricket ya amuna, yomwe imasewera ndi matimu khumi ochokera kumizinda khumi yaku India. Leagueyi idakhazikitsidwa ndi Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) mu 2007.
IPL ndiye ligi ya kiriketi yomwe anthu ambiri apezeka nayo padziko lonse lapansi ndipo mu 2014 idakhala pa nambala 6 pa anthu opezekapo pakati pamasewera onse amasewera. Mu 2010, IPL idakhala masewera oyamba padziko lonse lapansi kuwulutsidwa pa YouTube. Mtengo wa IPL mu 2019 unali US$ 6.3 biliyoni.
Pakhala nyengo khumi ndi zinayi za mpikisano wa IPL. Omwe ali ndi mutu wa IPL pano ndi Chennai Super Kings, omwe apambana nyengo ya 2021.
Malawi Police Service
Malawi Police Service ndi chiwalo palokha wa wamkulu amene analamula malamulo kuteteza Zachitetezo ndi ufulu wa anthu ku Malawi. Malawi Police Service imayang'aniridwa ndi Inspector General of Police.
Inspector General
Woyang'anira:
Trimeresurus popeiorum
Trimeresurus popeiorum ndi mtundu wa njoka zamoto za m'banja la Viperidae. Mitunduyi imapezeka kumpoto ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa India ndi Southeast Asia. Mayina wamba ndi awa: Papa wa dzenje njoka, Papa wobiriwira dzenje njoka, Papa mtengo wa njoka ndi nsungwi pitviper Papa.
Blue Horse I
Blue Horse I ndi chojambula chamafuta chojambulidwa ndi Franz Marc chomwe adachipanga mu 1911. Ndi chimodzi mwazojambula zodziwika bwino za ojambulawo ndipo ndi gawo la zosonkhanitsa za Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus ku Munich. Chithunzicho chinali mbali ya ziwonetsero zingapo zomwe wojambula mnzake waku Russia Wassily Kandinsky ndi Franz Marc adapereka kwa anthu pansi pa dzina loti Der Blaue Reiter kuyambira kumapeto kwa 1911 mpaka 1914.
Atylidae
Atylidae ndi banja la amphipod crustaceans, omwe ali ndi meadow wotsatira
Glosa
Glosa ndi chiyankhulo chomangidwa chapa dziko lonse lapansi kutengera Interglossa (ntchito yoyamba yammbuyo inasindikizidwa mu 1943). Dikishonale yoyamba ya Glosa inasindikizidwa mu 1978. Dzina la chinenerochi limachokera ku tsinde lachi Greek lakuti glossa kutanthauza lilime kapena chinenero.
Glosa ndi chinenero chodzipatula, kutanthauza kuti mawu sasintha mawonekedwe, ndipo kalembedwe ka Glosa nakonso kamakhala kokhazikika komanso kamvekedwe ka mawu. Monga chinenero chodzipatula, palibe inflection, kotero kuti mawu nthawi zonse amakhalabe mumtanthauzira wawo, mosasamala kanthu kuti ali ndi ntchito yotani m'chiganizo. Chifukwa chake, magwiridwe antchito a galamala, akapanda kumveka bwino, amatengedwa ndi mawu ochepa ogwiritsira ntchito komanso kugwiritsa ntchito dongosolo la mawu (syntax). Pokhala chinenero chakumapeto, Glosa amatenga mawu ake ambiri kuchokera ku Chigiriki ndi mizu yachilatini, yowonedwa ndi olemba ngati yapadziko lonse m'lingaliro logwiritsa ntchito sayansi.
Nyasaland Protectorate
Nyasaland Nyasaland Protectorate ( / N Y ɑː m ɑː L AE N D, N aɪ AE m ə - / ) anali protectorate British ili mu Africa limene linakhazikitsidwa mu 1907 pamene zakale British Central Africa Protectorate anasintha dzina lake. Pakati pa 1953 ndi 1963, Nyasaland inali gawo la Federation of Rhodesia ndi Nyasaland. Federation itatha, Nyasaland idadzilamulira kuchoka ku Britain pa 6 Julayi 1964 ndipo idasinthidwa kuti Malawi.
Rhacophorus kio
Rhacophorus kio ndi mtundu wa chule wowuluka m'banja la Rhacophoridae ndipo amapezeka m'nkhalango za kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, m'mayiko monga China, Laos, Thailand, ndi Vietnam. Kutha kwake kugwedezeka komanso zomatira zake zala zala zimaipangitsa kuti ikhale yogwirizana ndi komwe amakhala kunkhalango yamvula. Pamaso pa kafukufuku wa 2006 wa Annemarie Ohler ndi Magali Delorme, R. kio ndi Rhacophorus reinwardtii ankaganiza kuti ndi zamoyo zomwezo. Dzina lodziwika bwino la black-webbed treefrog lingatanthauze mitundu yonse. Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya achule m'derali, R. kio sikuti imangopanga chisa cha thovu chomwe chimasunga mazira awo, komanso imapanga kamangidwe kamene kamakhala ndi masamba ozungulira mazirawo.