cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Arthur Meighen
Pilihanraya sokongan daripada Perdana Hepburn
Meighen, kekurangan kerusi dewan rakyat manakala terkemuka di parti pembangkang utama, meletakkan jawatan kerusi Senat beliau pada 16 Januari 1942, dan berkempen dalam pilihan raya kecil bagi Toronto menunggang dari York Selatan, untuk kembali ke dewan ralyat. Pencalonannya mendapat sokongan mustahil Liberal Perdana Ontario Mitchell Hepburn; akta ini berkesan disegerakan akhir Liga Perdana Liberal Hedburn, dan tidak dalam apa-apa pemberian kes Meighen sokongan pengundi tahan lama. Menurut adat, Liberal tidak berjalan calon dalam menunggang. Masih melindungi kebencian yang mendalam terhadap pemimpin Konservatif dan berfikir bahawa pulangan kepada dewan rakyat daripada Meighen kalaulah akan terus membakar sukar, membara isu pengerahan (yang dua tahun kemudian membawa kepada krisis pengerahan ), King mengatur sumber-sumber kempen untuk dihantar kepada Koperasi Persekutuan Komanwel ialah Joseph Noseworthy.
Kekalahan pilihan raya
Ketiadaan calon Liberal sebenarnya menyakiti peluang Meighen dengan menghalang kemungkinan berpecah dalam undi anti-Konservatif, dan Meighen dikalahkan pada 9 Februari 1942 undi. Dengan pemimpin termasuk dalam dewan rakyat, Parti Konservatif sekali lagi lemah. Meighen terus berkempen untuk pengerahan segera sebagai sebahagian daripada usaha "peperangan" melalui musim bunga dan musim panas, tetapi tidak lagi mendapatkan tempat duduk di dalam Dewan Rakyat. Pada bulan September, Meighen dipanggil untuk konvensyen parti kebangsaan untuk menentukan dasar parti dan "meluaskan keluar" parti. Ia kekal tidak jelas sama ada Meighen berusaha untuk mempunyai kepimpinan beliau disahkan atau mempunyai penggantinya dipilih. Sebagai konvensyen itu menghampiri, sumber berita melaporkan bahawa Meighen telah menghubungi Manitoba Liberal-Progresif Perdana John Bracken kira-kira mencari kepimpinan, dan bahawa konvensyen itu akan menerima pakai satu platform yang akan menggerakkan parti ke arah kiri. Meighen diumumkan dalam ucap pertamanya kepada parti itu pada 9 Disember 1942 yang beliau bukan seorang calon untuk kepimpinan dan Progresif konvensyen kepimpinan Konservatif, dan dinamakan semula itu sendiri iaitu Progresif Parti Konservatif Kanada.
Persaraan dan kematian
Selepas persaraan politik kedua, Meighen kembali ke amalan undang-undang di Toronto. Beliau meninggal dunia di Toronto, berumur 86, pada 5 Ogos, 1960, dan dikebumikan di Tanah Perkuburan St Mary, St Marys, Ontario, berhampiran tempat kelahiran beliau. Sehingga 2013, dia telah tinggal paling lama selepas meninggalkan pejabat mana-mana Perdana Menteri Kanada, pada 33 tahun, 10 bulan, 11 hari.
Legasi
Sebuah sekolah di Portage La Prairie, Manitoba dinamakan untuk Arthur Meighen. Bekas sekolah tinggi Meighen di St Marys, Ontario telah dibuka semula sebagai Sekolah Awam North Ward pada tahun 1962 dan dinamakan semula Sekolah Awam Arthur Meighen pada tahun 1984. Sekolah ini ditutup selama-lamanya pada tahun 2010.
Gunung Arthur Meighen 52.80333°N, -119.55333°W adalah puncak yang terletak di Banjaran Perdana Gunung Cariboo di kawasan pedalaman timur-tengah British Columbia, Kanada. Gunung ini adalah selatan ketua Sungai McClennan dan segera barat bandar Valemount, British Columbia.
Pulau Meighen, di jauh utara Artik Kanada, dinamakan selepas Arthur Meighen.
Meighen kedudukan 14 daripada 20 Perdana Menteri melalui Jean Chrétien, dalam kajian ahli sejarah Kanada termasuk dalam Perdana Menteri: Kedudukan Pemimpin Kanada oleh JL Granatstein] dan] [[Norman Hillmer.
Nedomice
Nedomice merupakan sebuah kampung dan juga kawasan perbandaran yang terletak di wilayah Mělník, wilayah Bohemia Tengah, Republik Czech.
Suka Menak
Suka Menak merupakan sebuah desa yang terletak dalam (daerah) kecamatan Sukarame, Kabupaten Tasikmalaya, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Indonesia.
Poskod
Poskod yang digunakan di Suka Menak adalah 46461. Terdapat buah desa di dalam daerah kecamatan Sukarame.
Buket Panyang, Nurussalam, Aceh Timur
Buket Panyang merupakan sebuah gampong yang terletak di kecamatan Nurussalam, Kabupaten Aceh Timur, provinsi Aceh, Indonesia.
Gamping, Sleman
Gamping merupakan sebuah kecamatan di Kabupaten Sleman, Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia. <!--Kecamatan Gamping merupakan sebagai kawasan penyangga pengembangan kota Yogyakarta ke arah barat. Pusat kecamatan Gamping berada di dusun Patukan, Desa Ambarketawang. Pemerintah Kecamatan Gamping merupakan kecamatan bertipe B (Pola Maksimal).
Nama Kecamatan Gamping tak bisa dilepaskan dari keberadaan Gunung Gamping Gunung Gamping (Batu Kapur/Kalsit) yang dahulu terletak membujur dari timur ke barat dari Kampung Delingsari (Padukuhan Gamping Kidul) hingga Padukuhan Tlogo, Desa Ambarketawang. Gunung Gamping tersebut menurut hasil penelitian Direktorat Geologi Bandung diperkirakan berumur sekitar 50 juta tahun. Hingga tahun 1937, Gunung Gamping masih berdiri megah memanjang, namun karena kegiatan pertambangan maka saat ini tinggal menyisakan gundukan (bukit) yang tersisa di Padukuhan Tlogo dan dijadikan monumen bagi keberadaan Gunung Gamping.
Kecamatan Gamping memiliki 2 Puskesmas, dengan 5 Puskesmas Pembantu, 6 Apotik, dan 2 Laboratorium Klinik. Sarana pendidikan di Kecamatan Gamping meliputi 44 TK, 40 SD, 1 SLB Dasar, 6 SMP, dan 6 SMA, dan 2 Perguruan Tinggi. Diantara sekolah pendidikan tersebut adalah SMA 1 Gamping, SMK Maritim Putra Samudra, SMA Proklamasi 45, SMEA YPKK, Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Negara (STPN), dan Politeknik Kesehatan Yogyakarta.
Sarana Peribadatan yang terdapat di Kecamatan Gamping meliputi 91 Masjid, 76 Mushala, 4 buah Gereja/Kapel, dan 13 Pondok Pesantren. Diantaranya yang terkenal adalah Masjid Pathok Nagari di Mlangi, Nogotirto yang merupakan Masjid yang dibangun oleh Kyai Nur Iman sebelum berdirinya Kraton Yogyakarta, dan berfungsi sebagai benteng pertahanan negara.
Sejarah
Wilayah Kecamatan Gamping menurut Rijksblad Kasultanan Yogyakarta Nomor 11 Tahun 1916 ((Rijksblaad Van Djogyakarta No.11 bestuur Mataraman, Reorganisatie Vanhet Indlandsch der regenttschappen Sleman, Bantoel en Kalasan Pranatan Ven den Rijksbestuur der van 15 Mei 1916) sebagian wilayahnya terbagi dalam wilayah Distrik Mlati dan Godean, di bawah pemerintahan Kabupaten Sleman. Sebagian wilayah yang masuk dalam Distrik Mlati adalah Onderdistrik Kwarasan yang membawahi 8 Kelurahan sedangkan Onderdistrik Gamping yang membawahi 10 kelurahan masuk dalam Distrik Godean.
Berdasar Rijksblad Kasultanan Nomor 1/1927, maka wilayah Kecamatan Gamping menjadi wilayah Onderdistrik Gamping yang termasuk dalam wilayah Kawedanan Godean, Kabupaten Yogyakarta. Pada tahun 1942, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX mengadakan reorganisasi dengan mengeluarkan Jogjakarta Kooti, yang menjadikan wilayah Onderdistrik Gamping yang merupakan bagian dari Distrik Godean berubah menjadi wilayah Kabupaten Bantul.
Pada 8 April 1945, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX melakukan reorganisasi pemerintahan dengan mengeluarkan Jogjakarta Koorei No.2, yang menjadikan wilayah Kapanewon Pangreh Projo Gamping yang merupakan bagian Kawedanan Godean berubah dari wilayah Kabupaten Bantul kembali menjadi wilayah Kabupaten Sleman. Kapanewon Gamping berkantor di Delingsari dan dikepalai oleh seorang Panewu (Camat).
Sekolah Kebangsaan Bandar Utama Damansara
Sekolah Kebangsaan Bandar Utama Damansara atau nama ringkasnya SK Bandar Utama Damansara, merupakan sebuah Sekolah Kebangsaan yang terletak di Lebuh Bandar Utama ,Bandar Utama.
Pada 2009, Sekolah Kebangsaan Bandar Utama Damansara memiliki 140 pelajar lelaki dan 128 pelajar perempuan, menjadikan jumlah keseluruhan murid seramai 268 orang. Ia mempunyai seramai 26 orang guru.2009
Buket Teumpen, Nurussalam, Aceh Timur
Buket Teumpen merupakan sebuah gampong yang terletak di kecamatan Nurussalam, Kabupaten Aceh Timur, provinsi Aceh, Indonesia.
Baharkan
Baharkan merupakan sebuah kawasan yang terletak di Iran.
Sekolah Kebangsaan Matang, Perak
Sekolah Kebangsaan Matang atau nama ringkasnya SK Matang, merupakan sebuah Sekolah kebangsaan yang terletak di Jalan Hujung Matang.
Pada 2009, Sekolah Kebangsaan Matang memiliki 141 pelajar lelaki dan 124 pelajar perempuan, menjadikan jumlah keseluruhan murid seramai 265 orang. Ia mempunyai seramai 30 orang guru.2009
Mamaylı
Mamaylı merupakan sebuah kampung yang terletak di daerah Qabala, Azerbaijan.
Kosovo
Kosovo (Kosova, Kosovë; Косово "Kosovo" atau Косово и Метохија "Kosovo i Metohija" ) ialah sebuah kawasan yang dipertikaikan di rantau Balkan. Republik Kosovo (Republika e Kosovës; Република Косово, Republika Kosovo) sebuah negara yang mengisytiharkan kemerdekaan sendiri dan menerima pengiktirafan sesetengah negara sahaja, menguasai kebanyakan wilayahnya secara de facto, di samping penguasaan terhad di Kosovo Utara. Serbia tidak mengiktiraf pemisahan Kosovo secara unilateral, sebaliknya menganggap Kosovo sebagai entiti tadbiran Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu di dalam wilayah kedaulatan Serbia, iaitu Wilayah Autonomi Kosovo dan Metohija (Аутономна Покрајина Косово и Метохија, Autonomna Pokrajina Kosovo i Metohija), menurut Perlembagaan Serbia 2006. Metohija (Dukagjini or Rrafshi i Dukagjinit) adalah bahagian barat di seluruh wilayah berkenaan.
Kosovo yang tiada pantai bersempadan dengan Serbia Tengah di utara dan timur, Republik Macedonia di selatan, Albania di barat dan Montenegro di barat laut (ketiga-tiga negara tersebut selain Serbia mengiktiraf kedaulatan Republik Kosovo). Bandaraya terbesar dan ibu kota Kosovo ialah Pristina (juga dieja Prishtina atau Priština), diiringi bandaraya-bandaryaa lain seperti Peć (Peja), Prizren, Đakovica (Gjakova), dan Kosovska Mitrovica (Mitrovica).
Pada baharian klasik, wilayah yang lebih kurang berpadanan dengan Kosovo masa kini pernah diduduki oleh bangsa Dardani. Kemudian, wilayah Dardani ditakluki oleh empayar-empayar Rom, Byzantine, Bulgaria dan Serbia. Berikutan Pertempuran Kosovo pada tahun 1389, wilayah berkenaan menjadi sebahagian Empayar Uthmaniyyah; maka kawasan ini mendekati Timur Tengah dan penduduknya memeluk agama Islam. Pada akhir abad ke-19, Kosovo menjadi pusat kebangkitan kebangsaan Albania. Pada tahun 1912, wilayah Uthmaniyah ini terbelah di antara Montenegro dan Serbia, kedua-duanya kemudian menganggotai Yugoslavia pada tahun 1918. Pada Perang Dunia Kedua, kebanyakan tanah Kosovo jatuh dalam wilayah Albania tawanan Itali, diikuti pendudukan Jerman Nazi sebelum menjadi wilayah autonomi di RPS Yugoslavia.
Sejarah anime
Sejarah anime telah bermula sejak abad ke-20 lagi, apabila pembuat filem orang Jepun menguji kaji dengan teknik animasi yang telah diterokai oleh Barat. Semasa tahun 1970-an, anime berkembang jauh, berpisah daripada akar umbi animasi Barat, dan berkembang kepada beberapa genre seperti mecha dan subgenrenya iaitu Robot Super. Rancangan yang tertentu dalam era ini ialah Lupin III dan Mazinger Z. Beberapa pembuat filem semakin terkenal dalam era ini terutamanya Hayao Miyazaki dan Mamoru Oshii.
Internet telah membangkitkan anime fansub. Spirited Away memenangi hadiah pertama di Festival Filem Berlin 2012 dan juga pertama dalam Anugerah Akademi 2003 untuk Animasi Pilihan Terbaik, sambil Innocence: Ghost in the Shell juga telah dicalonkan dalam Festival Filem Cannes.
Generasi pertama juruanimasi Jepun
Satu lagi juruanimasi yang terkenal dalam era ini adalah Jun'ichi Kōuchi. Dia adalah seorang karikatur dan pelukis, yang juga pernah belajar lukisan cat air. Pada tahun 1912, beliau juga memasuki sektor kartunis dan telah diupah untuk animasi oleh Kobayashi Shokai kemudiannya pada tahun 1916. Dia dianggap sebagai juruanimasi Jepun yang paling maju dari segi teknikal 1910-an. Karya-karya beliau mempunyai kira-kira 15 filem.
Seitaro Kitayama adalah seorang juruanimasi awal yang membuat animasi sendiri, tidak diupah oleh syarikat-syarikat yang lebih besar. Dia juga mengasaskan studio animasi sendiri, Kitayama Eiga Seisakujo, yang kemudiannya ditutup kerana kekurangan kejayaan komersial. Beliau menggunakan teknik papan hitam, dan animasi kertas kemudian, dengan dan tanpa latar belakang pra-cetak.
Karya kedua-dua perintis termasuk Namakura Gatana (An Obtuse Sword, 1917) dan sebuah filem 1918 Urashima Tarō yang ditemui bersama-sama di pasaran antik pada tahun 2007.
Pada bulan Julai 2005, sebuah filem animasi lama ditemui di Kyoto. Filem 3 saat tidak bertarikh ini jelas bertajuk Moving Picture (活動写真, Katsudō Shashin?), terdiri daripada lima puluh bingkai dilukis terus pada jalur seluloida. Ia menggambarkan seorang anak muda dalam pakaian kelasi menulis kanji "活動写真" (katsudō shashin, bermaksud "gambar bergerak") diatas sebuah papan, kemudian beralih ke arah penonton, mengeluarkan topi, dan menawarkan tabik hormat. Identiti pencipta tidak diketahui, tetapi ia menyangka bahawa ia dibuat untuk tontonan peribadi, mungkin sebagai uji kaji, dan bukannya untuk siaran awam. Orang yang menjumpai, Natsuki Matsumoto, telah membuat spekulasi bahawa ia boleh menjadi "sehingga 10 tahun lebih tua" daripada animasi Jepun yang sebelum ini dikenali pertama, Imokawa Mukuzo Genkanban no Maki, dikeluarkan pada tahun 1917. Walau bagaimanapun, tarikh sekitar tahun 1915 adalah mungkin, tidak ada asas sebenar untuk spekulasi melampau ini. <!---Terjemah kemudian
Second generation of Japanese animators
Yasuji Murata, Hakuzan Kimura, Sanae Yamamoto and Noburō Ōfuji were students of Kitayama Seitaro and worked at his film studio. Kenzō Masaoka, another important animator, worked at a smaller animation studio. In 1923, the Great Kantō earthquake destroyed most of the Kitayama studio and the residing animators spread out and founded studios of their own.
Prewar animators faced several difficulties. First, they had a hard time competing with foreign producers such as Disney, which were influential on both audiences and producers. Since foreign films had already made a profit abroad, they could be sold for even less than the price domestic producers need to charge in order to break even. Japanese animators thus had to work cheaply, in small companies with only a handful of employees, but that could make matters worse: given costs, it was then hard to compete in terms of quality with foreign product that was in color, with sound, and made by much bigger companies. Japanese animation until the mid-1930s, for instance, generally used cutout animation instead of cel animation because the celluloid was too expensive. This resulted in animation that could seem derivative, flat (since motion forward and backward was difficult) and without detail. But just as postwar Japanese animators were able to turn limited animation into a plus, so masters such as Yasuji Murata and Noburō Ōfuji were able to do wonders in cutout animation.
Animators such as Kenzō Masaoka and Mitsuyo Seo, however, did attempt to bring Japanese animation up to the level of foreign work by introducing cel animation, sound, and technology such as the multiplane camera. Masaoka created the first talkie anime, Chikara to Onna no Yo no Naka, released in 1933, and the first anime made entirely using cel animation, The Dance of the Chagamas (1934). Seo was the first to use the multiplane camera in Ari-chan in 1941.
Such innovations, however, were hard to support purely commercially, so prewar animation depended considerably on sponsorship, as animators often concentrated on making PR films for companies, educational films for the government, and eventually works of propaganda for the military. During this time, censorship and school regulations discouraged film-viewing by children, so anime that offered educational value were supported and encouraged by the Monbusho (the Ministry of Education). This proved important for producers that had experienced a hard time releasing their work in regular theaters. Animation had found a place in scholastic, political and industrial use.
During the Second World War
In the 1930s the Japanese government began enforcing cultural nationalism. This also lead to a strict censorship and control of published media. Many animators were urged to produce animations which enforced the Japanese spirit and national affiliation. Some movies were shown in newsreel theaters, especially after the Film Law of 1939 promoted documentary and other educational films. Such support helped boost the industry, as bigger companies formed through mergers, and prompted major live-action studios such as Shochiku to begin producing animation. It was at Shochiku that such masterworks as Kenzō Masaoka's Kumo to Chūrippu were produced. Wartime reorganization of the industry, however, merged the feature film studios into just three big companies.
More animated films were commissioned by the military, showing the sly, quick Japanese people winning against enemy forces. In 1943, Geijutsu Eigasha produced Mitsuyo Seo's Momotaro's Sea Eagles with help from the Navy. Shochiku then made Japan's first real feature length animated film, Seo's Momotaro's Divine Sea Warriors in 1945, again with the help of the Navy. In 1941 Princess Iron Fan had become the first Asian animation of notable length ever made in China. Due to economic factors, it would be Japan which later emerged long after the war with the most readily available resources to continue expanding the industry.
Toei Animation and Mushi Productions
In 1948, Toei Animation was founded and produced the first color anime feature film in 1958, Hakujaden (The Tale of the White Serpent, 1958). This film was more Disney in tone than modern anime with musical numbers and animal sidekicks. However, it is widely considered to be the first "anime" ever, in the modern sense. It was released in the US in 1961 as Panda and the Magic Serpent. From 1958 to the mid-1960s, Toei continued to release these Disney-like films and eventually also produced three of the most well known anime series, Dragon Ball in 1986, Sailor Moon in 1992 and One Piece in 1999.
Toei's style was also characterized by an emphasis on each animator bringing his own ideas to the production. The most extreme example of this is Isao Takahata's film Hols: Prince of the Sun (1968). Hols is often seen as the first major break from the normal anime style and the beginning of a later movement of "auteuristic" or "progressive anime" which would eventually involve directors such as Hayao Miyazaki (creator of Spirited Away) and Mamoru Oshii.
A major contribution of Toei's style to modern anime was the development of the "money shot". This cost-cutting method of animation allows for emphasis to be placed on important shots by animating them with more detail than the rest of the work (which would often be limited animation). Toei animator Yasuo Ōtsuka began to experiment with this style and developed it further as he went into television. in the 1980s Toei would later lend its talent to companies like Sunbow Productions, Marvel Productions, DiC Entertainment, Murakami-Wolf-Swenson, Ruby Spears and Hanna Barbera with producing several animated cartoons for America during this period. Other studios like TMS Entertainment, were also being used in the 80's, which lead to Asian studios being used more often to animate foreign productions, but the companies involved still produced anime for their native Japan.
1970s
During the 1970s, the Japanese film market shrunk due to competition from television. This increased competition from television reduced Toei animation's staff and many animators went to studios such as A Pro and Telecom animation. Mushi Productions went bankrupt (only to be revived 4 years later), its former employees founding studios such as Madhouse Production and Sunrise. As a result, many young animators were thrust into the position of director before they would have been promoted to it. This injection of young talent allowed for a wide variety of experimentation. One of the earliest successful television productions in the early 1970s was Tomorrow's Joe (1970), a boxing anime which has become iconic in Japan.
Another example of this experimentation is with Isao Takahata's 1974 television series Heidi, Girl of the Alps. This show was originally a hard sell because it was a simple realistic drama aimed at children. Most TV networks thought the TV show wouldn't be successful because children needed something more fantastic to draw them in. Heidi wound up being an international success being picked up in many European countries and becoming popular there. In Japan it was so successful that it allowed for Hayao Miyazaki and Takahata to start up a series of literary based anime (World Masterpiece Theater). Miyazaki and Takahata left Nippon Animation in the late 1970s. Two of Miyazaki's critically acclaimed productions during the 1970s were Future Boy Conan (1978) and Lupin III: The Castle of Cagliostro (1979).
Another genre known as Mecha came into being at this time. Some early works include Mazinger Z (1972–74), Science Ninja Team Gatchaman (1972–74), Space Battleship Yamato (1974–75) and Mobile Suit Gundam (1979–80). These titles showed a progression in the science fiction genre in anime, as shows shifted from more superhero-oriented, fantastical plots found, as seen in the Super Robot genre, to somewhat more realistic space operas with increasingly complex plots and fuzzier definitions of right and wrong, as seen in the Real Robot genre.
1980s
This shift towards space operas became more pronounced with the commercial success of Star Wars (1977). This allowed for the space opera Space Battleship Yamato (1974) to be revived as a theatrical film. Mobile Suit Gundam (1979), the first Real Robot anime, was also initially unsuccessful but was revived as a theatrical film in 1982. The success of the theatrical versions of Yamato and Gundam are seen as the beginning of the anime boom of the 1980s, which many consider the beginning of the "golden age of anime". This anime boom also marked the beginning of "Japanese Cinema's Second Golden Age", which would last until around the beginning of the 2000s.
While the Mecha genre shifted from superhero giant robots (the Super Robot genre of the 1970s) to elaborate space operas (the Real Robot genre of the 1980s), two other events happened at this time. A subculture in Japan, who later called themselves otaku, began to develop around animation magazines such as Animage or later Newtype. These magazines popped up in response to the overwhelming fandom that developed around shows such as Yamato and Gundam in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
Yamato animator Yoshinori Kanada allowed individual key animators working under him to put their own style of movement as a means to save money. In many more "auteuristic" anime this formed the basis of an individualist animation style unique to Japanese commercial animation. In addition, Kanada's animation was inspiration for Takashi Murakami and his Superflat art movement.
In the United States the already mentioned popularity of Star Wars had a similar, but much smaller, effect on the development of anime. Gatchaman was reworked and edited into Battle of the Planets in 1978 and again as G-Force in 1986. Space Battleship Yamato was reworked and edited into Star Blazers in 1979. The Macross series began with The Super Dimension Fortress Macross (1982), which was adapted into English as the first arc of Robotech (1985), which was created from three separate anime titles: The Super Dimension Fortress Macross, Super Dimension Cavalry Southern Cross and Genesis Climber Mospeada. The sequel to Mobile Suit Gundam, Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam (1985), became the most successful Real Robot space opera in Japan, where it managed an average television rating of 6.6% and a peak of 11.7%. As well as adapted anime, many American companies utilised Japanese animation studios to animated their television series, examples include Sunbow Marvel/Toei animation's The Transformers and G.I. Joe television series and Gaylord Entertainment/Tokyo Movie Shinsha's The Adventures of the Galaxy Rangers.
The otaku culture became more pronounced with Mamoru Oshii's adaptation of Rumiko Takahashi's popular manga Urusei Yatsura (1981). Yatsura made Takahashi a household name and Oshii would break away from fan culture and take a more auteuristic approach with his 1984 film Urusei Yatsura 2: Beautiful Dreamer. This break with the otaku culture would allow Oshii to experiment further.
The otaku subculture had some effect on people who were entering the industry around this time. The most famous of these people were the amateur production group Daicon Films which would become Gainax. Gainax began by making films for the Daicon science fiction conventions and were so popular in the otaku community that they were given a chance to helm the biggest budgeted (to that point) anime film, Royal Space Force: The Wings of Honneamise (1987).
One of the most influential anime of all time, Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind (1984), was made during this time period. The film gave extra prestige to anime allowing for many experimental and ambitious projects to be funded shortly after its release. It also allowed director Hayao Miyazaki and his longtime colleague Isao Takahata to set up their own studio under the supervision of former Animage editor Toshio Suzuki. This studio would become known as Studio Ghibli and its first film was Laputa: Castle in the Sky (1986), one of Miyazaki's most ambitious films.
The success of Dragon Ball (1984) introduced the martial arts genre and became incredibly influential in the Japanese Animation industry. It influenced many more martial arts anime and manga series' including Yu Yu Hakusho (1990), One Piece (1997), and Naruto (1999).
The 1980s brought anime to the home video market in the form of Original Video Animation (OVA). The first OVA was Mamoru Oshii's Moon Base Dallos (1983–1984). Dallos was a flop, but 1985's Megazone 23 was a success. Shows such as Patlabor had their beginnings in this market and it proved to be a way to test less marketable animation against audiences. The OVA allowed for the release of pornographic anime such as Cream Lemon (1984). The first hentai OVA was actually the little-known Wonder Kids Lolita Anime, also released in 1984.
Sports anime as now known made its debut in 1983 with an anime adaptation Yoichi Takahashi's soccer manga Captain Tsubasa, which became the first worldwide successful sports anime leading its way to create themes and stories that would create the formula that would later be used in many sports series that soon followed such as Slam Dunk, Prince of Tennis and Eyeshield 21.
The late 1980s, following the release of Nausicaä, saw an increasing number of high budget and/or experimental films. In 1985 Toshio Suzuki helped put together funding for Oshii's experimental film Angel's Egg (1985). The OVA market allowed for short experimental pieces such as Take the X Train, Neo Tokyo, and Robot Carnival (all three 1987).
Theatrical releases became more ambitious, each film trying to outclass or outspend the other film, all taking cues from Nausicaä's popular and critical success. Night on the Galactic Railroad (1985), Tale of Genji (1986), and Grave of the Fireflies (1988) were all ambitious films based on important literary works in Japan. Films such as Char's Counterattack (1988) and Arion (1986) were lavishly budgeted spectacles. This period of lavish budgeting and experimentation would reach its zenith with two of the most expensive anime film productions ever: Royal Space Force: The Wings of Honneamise (1987) and Akira (1988).
Most of these films did not make back the costs to produce them. Neither Akira nor Royal Space Force: The Wings of Honneamise were box office successes in Japan. As a result, large numbers of anime studios closed down, and many experimental productions began to be favored less over "tried and true" formulas. Only Studio Ghibli was to survive a winner of the many ambitious productions of the late 1980s with its film Kiki's Delivery Service (1989) being the top grossing film for that year earning over $40 million at the box office.
Despite the failure of Akira in Japan, it brought with it a much larger international fan base for anime. When shown overseas, the film became a cult hit and, eventually, a symbol of the medium for the West. The domestic failure and international success of Akira, combined with the bursting of the bubble economy and Osamu Tezuka's death in 1989, brought a close to the 1980s era of anime.
1990s
In 1995, Hideaki Anno wrote and directed the controversial anime, Neon Genesis Evangelion. This show became popular in Japan among anime fans and became known to the general public through mainstream media attention. It is believed that Anno originally wanted the show to be the ultimate otaku anime designed to revive the declining anime industry, but midway through production he also made it into a heavy critique of the culture eventually culminating in the controversial, but quite successful film The End of Evangelion (1997) which grossed over $10 million. Anno would eventually go on to produce live action films. Many scenes in Evangelion were so controversial that it forced TV Tokyo to clamp down with censorship of violence and sexuality in anime. As a result when Cowboy Bebop (1998) was first broadcast it was shown heavily edited and only half the episodes were aired. The censorship crackdown has relaxed a bit, but Evangelion had a major effect on the anime television industry as a whole.
In addition, Evangelion started up a series of so-called "post-Evangelion" shows. Most of these were giant robot shows with some kind of religious or difficult plot. These include RahXephon, Brain Powerd, and Gasaraki. Another series of these are late night experimental TV shows. Starting with Serial Experiments Lain (1998) late night Japanese television became a forum for experimental anime with other shows following it such as Boogiepop Phantom (2000), Texhnolyze (2003) and Paranoia Agent (2004). Experimental anime films were also released in the 1990s, most notably Ghost in the Shell (1995), which alongside Megazone 23 (1985), had a strong influence on The Matrix.
The late 1990s also saw a brief revival of the Super Robot genre that was once popular in the 1960s and 1970s but had become rare due to the popularity of Real Robot shows such as the Gundam and Macross series in the 1980s and psychological Mecha shows such as Neon Genesis Evangelion in the 1990s. The revival of the Super Robot genre began with the Brave (Yuusha) Series, starting with Brave Exkaiser in 1990, also there were many remakes and sequels of 70s super robot shows such as Getter Robo Go and Tetsujin-28 go FX in response to "post-Evangelion" trends, but there were very few popular Super Robot shows produced after this, until Tengen Toppa Gurren Lagann in 2007.
Alongside its Super Robot counterpart, the Real Robot genre was also declining during the 1990s. Though several Gundam shows were produced during this decade, very few of them were successful. The only Gundam shows in the 1990s which managed an average television rating over 4% in Japan were Mobile Fighter G Gundam (1994) and New Mobile Report Gundam Wing (1995). It wasn't until Mobile Suit Gundam SEED in 2002 that the Real Robot genre regained its popularity.
The 1990s also saw the popular video game series, Pokémon, spawn an anime television show which is still running, several anime movies, a trading card game, toys, and much more. Other 1990s anime series which gained international success were Dragon Ball Z, Sailor Moon, and Digimon; the success of these shows marked the beginning of the martial arts superhero, the magical girl genre, and the action adventure genre respectively. In particular, Dragon Ball Z and "Sailor Moon" were dubbed into more than a dozen languages worldwide.
In 1997, Hayao Miyazaki's Princess Mononoke became the most expensive animated film up until that time, costing $20 million to produce. Miyazaki personally checked each of the 144,000 cels in the film, and is estimated to have redrawn parts of 80,000 of them.
2000s
One Of Popular Anime Are:Precure Series (2004/2006)
Manga Author Mia Ikumi made the Tokyo Mew Mew and Only One Wish books along with the Magical Girl genre.
The 1970s-style Super Robot genre revival started by GaoGaiGar (1997), continued into the 2000s, with several remakes of classic series such as Getter Robo and Dancougar as well as original properties created in the Super Robot mold like Godannar and Gurren Lagann. In particular, Gurren Lagann combined the genre with elements from 1980s Real Robot shows as well as 1990s "post-Evangelion" shows. Gurren Lagann received both the "best television production" and "best character design" awards from the Tokyo International Anime Fair in 2008. This eventually culminated in the release of Shin Mazinger in 2009, a full-length revival of the first Super Robot series, Mazinger Z.
In addition to these experimental trends, the 2000s has also been characterized by the increase of the moe-style art and the bishōjo and bishōnen character design. The presence and popularity of genres such as romance, harem and slice of life story has risen.
Anime based on eroge and visual novels increased in popularity in the 2000s, building on a trend started in the late 90s by such works as Sentimental Journey (1998) and To Heart (1999). Examples of such works include Green Green (2003), SHUFFLE! (2006), Kanon (2002 and 2006), Fate/Stay Night (2006), Higurashi no Naku Koro ni (2006), Ef: A Tale of Memories (2007), True Tears (2008), and Clannad (2008 and 2009).
Many shows are being adapted from manga and light novels as well including popular titles such as Fullmetal Alchemist (2005), Rozen Maiden 2005, Aria the Animation (2005), Shakugan no Shana (2005), Pani Poni Dash! (2005), Death Note (2006), Mushishi (2006), Sola (2007), The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya (2006), Lucky Star (2007), Toradora! (2008–09), K-On! (2009) and Bakemonogatari (2009). Nevertheless, original anime titles are still being created which reach success.
The 2000s also mark a trend of emphasis of the otaku subculture. A notable critique of this otaku subculture is found in the 2006 anime Welcome to the N.H.K., which features a hikikomori protagonist and explores the effects and consequences of various Japanese sub-cultures, such as otaku, lolicon, internet suicide, massively multiplayer online games and multi-level marketing.
In contrast to the above mentioned phenomenon, there have been more productions of late night anime for a non-otaku audience as well. The first concentrated effort came from Fuji TV's Noitamina block. The 30 minute late Thursday timeframe was created to showcase productions for young women of college age, a demographic that watches very little anime. The first production 'Honey and Clover' was a particular success, peaking at a 5% TV rating in Kantou, very strong for late night anime. The block has been running uninterrupted since April 2005 and has yielded many successful productions unique in the modern anime market.
There have been revivals of American cartoons such as Transformers which spawned four new series, Transformers: Car Robots in 2000, Transformers: Micron Legend in 2003, Transformers: Superlink in 2004, and Transformers: Galaxy Force in 2005. In addition, an anime adaptation of the G.I Joe series was produced titled 'G.I. Joe: Sigma 6'.
The 2000s also saw the revival of high-budget feature-length anime films, such as Millennium Actress (2001), Appleseed (2001), Paprika (2006), and the most expensive of all being Steamboy (2004) which cost $26 million to produce. Satoshi Kon established himself alongside Otomo and Oshii as one of the premier directors of anime film, before his premature death at the age of 46. --->
İkinci Yaşma
İkinci Yaşma ialah desa di Rayon Khizi di negara Azerbaijan.
Kepulauan Melayu
Kepulauan Melayu (Nusantara Archipelago) ialah kepulauan yang terletak di antara Indo-China dan Australia. Kepulauan ini juga dipanggil "Alam Melayu", "Nusantara", "Hindia Timur", "Kepulauan Hindi-Australia", "Kepulauan Rempah" dan nama lain-lain. Nama ini diambil dari konsep Eropah dari abad ke-19 iaitu konsep Bangsa Melayu, yang kemudiannya didasarkan pada pengedaran bahasa-bahasa Austronesia.
Nama "Kepulauan Melayu" hanya digunakan di Malaysia, sedangkan di indonesia lebih menggunakan istilah "Nusantara".
Terletak di pertengahan Lautan Hindi dan Lautan Pasifik, kepulauan ini terdiri daripada lebih daripada 25,000 pulau yang menjadikannya kepulauan yang keempat terbesar di dunia dari segi jumlah pulau. Dari segi luas kawasannya pula, kepulauan ini merupakan kepulauan yang terbesar di dunia. Negara-negara yang terdapat dalam kawasan kepulauan ini termasuk Brunei, Filipina, Indonesia, Malaysia (Malaysia Timur), Papua New Guinea, Singapura, dan Timor Leste. Istilah Kepulauan Melayu ini hampir-hampir serupa dengan istilah Asia Tenggara Maritim.
Etimologi dan terminologi
Istilah Kepulauan Melayu berasal dari konsep "Bangsa Melayu", sebuah konsep berkaitan dengan bangsa yang dicadangkan oleh peneroka Eropah berdasarkan pemerhatian mereka terhadap pengaruh Empayar Srivijaya iaitu sebuah empayar etnik Melayu yang diasaskan di Sumatera. Namun begitu, istilah ini tidak merangkumi semua pulau yang diduduki oleh penduduk luar Nusantara seperti Madagaskar dan Taiwan tetapi merangkumi juga pulau-pulau yang diduduki oleh orang Melanesia seperti Kepulauan Maluku dan New Guinea.
Ahli alamiah abad ke-19 Alfred Wallace menggunakan terma "Malay Archipelago" (Kepulauan Melayu) sebagai judul bukunya yang mendokumenkan kaji selidiknya di kawasan ini. Beliau juga merujuk kepada kawasan ini sebagai "Indian Archipelago" (Kepulauan Hindi) dan "Indo-Australia Archipelago" (Kepulauan Hindi-Australia). Beliau memasukkan sekali Kepulauan Solomon dan Semenanjung Tanah Melayu disebabkan oleh persamaan fisiografik. Seperti yang diperhatikan oleh Wallace, terdapat hujah untuk tidak memasukkan sekali Papua New Guinea atas sebab kebudayaan dan geografi.
Kepulauan Melayu dipanggil "Hindia Timur" dari abad ke-16 dan seterusnya semasa zaman penjajahan Eropah. Kadang kala, istilah ini masih digunakan untuk merujuk kepada Kepulauan Melayu tetapi terma ini yang lebih umum merangkumi juga Indo-China dan Subbenua India.
Geografi
Luas daratan dan perairan Kepulauan Melayu melebihi 2 juta km2. Secara amnya, kepulauan ini terbahagi kepada 2 bahagian utama, iaitu:
Perkumpulan-perkumpulan pulau utama di Kepulauan Indonesia termasuk Kepulauan Maluku, New Guinea dan Kepulauan Sunda. Di Kepulauan Filipina pula, perkumpulan-perkumpulan pulau utama ialah Luzon, Mindanao dan Kepulauan Visayas.
Puncak tertinggi ialah Puncak Jaya Wijaya di Papua dengan ketinggian 4,884 m (16,024 ka).
Populasi
Terdapat lebih daripada 380 juta orang yang bertetap di kawasan ini. 10 pulau dengan populasi terbesar ialah:
Bahasa dan agama
Kebanyakan orang Kepulauan Melayu berasal dari rumpun Austronesia dan bertutur dalam bahasa-bahasa Melayu-Polinesia. Agama utama dalam kawasan ini ialah Islam (62%), Kristian (33%) dan agama-agama Buddha, Hindu, Taoisme dan agama rakyat.
Artigues, Var
Artigues ialah sebuah komun yang terletak di komun Var di wilayah Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur tenggara Perancis.
Stephen Harper
Stephen Joseph Harper merupakan Perdana Menteri Kanada yang ke-22. Parti Konservatifnya merupakan parti yang mendapat jumlah kerusi terbanyak dalam Parlimen Kanada, namun tidak mendapat majoriti keseluruhan dalam Pilihan Raya Umum 2006. Oleh itu, kerajaan yang dibentuknya merupakan kerajaan minoriti.
Harper pernah menyertai Parti Reform, National Citizens Coalition, dan Perikatan Kanada (Canadian Alliance). Sebagai ketua Perikatan Kanada, beliau telah menggabungkan partinya dengan parti Konservatif Progresif (Conservative Progressive) untuk mengasaskan Parti Konservatif Kanada.
Beliau dilantik sebagai ketua Parti Konservatif pada 2004, dan berjaya menewaskan Parti Liberal dalam Pilihan Raya Umum 2006. Harper memegang Jawatan Perdana Menteri hingga parti beliau kalah dalam pilihan raya Kanada pada Oktober 2015, menyebabkan beliau menyerahkan jawatan Perdana Menteri kepada Justin Trudeau pada 4 November 2015.
Lim Fui Ming
Dato' Lim Fui Ming ialah ahli politik Malaysia dari Persatuan Cina Malaysia (MCA). Beliau pernah menjadi ahli Dewan Undangan Negeri (ADUN) Bahau mewakili Parti Tindakan Demokratik, selepas menang dalam pilihan raya umum 2004. Beliau telah menyertai MCA pada 2007 semasa sedang menjadi ADUN.
Kharod
Kharod ialah sebuah perbandaran ("nagar panchayat") dalam daerah Janjgir-Champa di negeri Chhattisgarh, India.
Demografik 2001
Menurut bancian India pada tahun 2001, Kharod memiliki bilangan penduduk seramai 8,606. Dari jumlah tersebut, kaum lelaki membentuk 50% dari jumlah keseluruhan populasi dan wanita seramai 50%.
Tolombeh-ye Aqa Mohammad
Tolombeh-ye Aqa Mohammad merupakan sebuah kawasan yang terletak di Iran.
Bucharest
Bukuresyti (Romania: Bucureşti /bu.kuˈreʃtʲ/; Bucharest) merupakan ibu negara dan bandar perindustrian dan pusat perdagangan di Romania. Bandar ini terletak di tenggara Romania, pada koordinat 44°25′U, 26°06′T, berhampiran dengan Sungai Dâmboviţa. Pada asalnya, ia dikenali sebagai Kubu Dâmboviţa. Ibunegara ini juga dikenali sebagai Little Paris.
Nama București tidak dapat disahkan selain suatu kisah rakyat mengisahkan seorang putera bernama Bucur yang menubuhkan kota tersebut. Ia juga boleh ditafsirkan terbitan kata dasar bucurie 'bahagia' sekaligus Bucureşti bererti 'Kota Bahagia'. Ia pernah ditulis dalam peta dan persuratan Empayar Uthmaniyah sebagai Bukreş.
Buket Tupah, Nurussalam, Aceh Timur
Buket Tupah merupakan sebuah gampong yang terletak di kecamatan Nurussalam, Kabupaten Aceh Timur, provinsi Aceh, Indonesia.
Aups
ialah sebuah komun yang terletak di komun Var di wilayah Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur tenggara Perancis.
Watt
Watt (simbol: W) ialah unit SI untuk kuasa dalam Sistem Unit Antarabangsa (SI), dinamakan sempena jurutera Scotland James Watt (1736–1819). Unit ini ditakrifkan sebagai joule per saat dan boleh digunakan untuk menyatakan kadar penukaran tenaga atau pemindahan terhadap masa. Ia mempunyai dimensi Jisim·Panjang2·Masa−3.
Takrifan
Satu watt ialah satu joule tenaga per saat.
Contoh
Apabila halaju sesuatu objek adalah malar pada satu meter sesaat terhadap daya bertentangan malar satu newton kadar di mana kerja dilakukan adalah 1 watt.
Dari segi keelektromagnetan, satu watt adalah kadar di mana kerja dilakukan apabila satu ampere (A) arus mengalir melalui beza keupayaan elektrik satu volt (V).
Dua penukaran unit tambahan untuk watt boleh didapati dengan menggunakan persamaan di atas dan Hukum Ohm. Di mana ohm (\Omega) adalah unit terbitan SI bagi rintangan elektrik.
Asal
Watt dinamakan sempena James Watt kerana jasa beliau dalam pembangunan enjin stim, dan diguna pakai oleh Kongres Kedua Persatuan Kemajuan Sains British (Second Congress of the British Association for the Advancement of Science) dalam tahun 1889 dan oleh en:General Conference on Weights and Measures ke-11 dalam tahun 1960.
Sekolah Kebangsaan Pendidikan Khas Selangor
Sekolah Kebangsaan Pendidikan Khas Selangor atau nama ringkasnya SK Pendidikan Khas Selangor, merupakan sebuah Sekolah Kebangsaan yang terletak di Jln Pinang Raja 18/2 Seksyen 18.
Pada 2009, Sekolah Kebangsaan Pendidikan Khas Selangor memiliki 65 pelajar lelaki dan 51 pelajar perempuan, menjadikan jumlah keseluruhan murid seramai 116 orang. Ia mempunyai seramai 31 orang guru.2009
Fuentenovilla
Fuentenovilla merupakan sebuah kawasan perbandaran yang terletak di Sepanyol dalam wilayah Guadalajara, di komuniti autonomi Castile-La Mancha.
Montel-de-Gelat
merupakan sebuah komun di jabatan Puy-de-Dôme di tengah Perancis.
Molla Ahmad, Ardabil
Molla Ahmad, Ardabil merupakan sebuah kawasan yang terletak di Iran.
Vissestad
Vissestad merupakan sebuah kampung yang terletak di dalam negara Norway.
Kechallyar
Kechallyar (juga Aul Kochalyar dan Kachalar) ialah desa di Rayon Khizi di negara Azerbaijan.
Cot Asan, Nurussalam, Aceh Timur
Cot Asan merupakan sebuah gampong yang terletak di kecamatan Nurussalam, Kabupaten Aceh Timur, provinsi Aceh, Indonesia.
Mont-Dore
merupakan sebuah komun di jabatan Puy-de-Dôme di tengah Perancis.
Nelahozeves
Nelahozeves merupakan sebuah kampung dan juga kawasan perbandaran yang terletak di wilayah Mělník, wilayah Bohemia Tengah, Republik Czech.
Məlikli, Qabala
Məlikli merupakan sebuah kampung yang terletak di daerah Qabala, Azerbaijan.
Tosale, Banawa, Donggala
Tosale merupakan sebuah desa yang terletak di kecamatan Banawa, Donggala, Sulawesi Tengah, Indonesia.
Saat
Saat (simbol: s; ) ialah unit asas SI untuk masa. Walaupun awalan SI seperti kilo boleh digunakan untuk mewakili tempoh masa yang lebih panjang, ia jarang digunakan berbanding unit bukan-SI minit, jam dan hari. Untuk tempoh masa yang lebih pendek, awalan SI seperti mili dan mikro biasa digunakan.
Takrifan saat adalah seperti berikut:
Vestric-et-Candiac
Vestric-et-Candiac ialah komun di jabatan Gard di selatan Perancis.
Sekolah Kebangsaan Ngah Ibrahim
Sekolah Kebangsaan Ngah Ibrahim atau nama ringkasnya SK Ngah Ibrahim, merupakan sebuah Sekolah kebangsaan yang terletak di Jalan Matang.
Saat
Asal
Pada asalnya, saat dikenali sebagai "minit kedua", iaitu pengecilan kedua (dalam bahasa Inggeris second (kedua) minute (pengecilan) dalam pembahagian satu jam. Pembahagian pertama dinamakan "minit utama" yang sepadan dengan minit yang kita ketahui pada hari ini.
Sekolah Kebangsaan Ngah Ibrahim
Pada 2009, Sekolah Kebangsaan Ngah Ibrahim memiliki 99 pelajar lelaki dan 82 pelajar perempuan, menjadikan jumlah keseluruhan murid seramai 181 orang. Ia mempunyai seramai 18 orang guru.2009
Kampung Rantau Abang
Kampung Rantau Abang merupakan sebuah kampung yang terletak di Dungun, dalam negeri Terengganu Darul Iman, iaitu sebuah negeri di timur Malaysia, dan yang bersempadan dengan Kelantan di utara, Pahang di bahagian barat dan selatannya dan Laut Cina Selatan di bahagian timur.
Terengganu merupakan sebuah negeri yang mempunyai sultan dan salah sebuah negeri yang membentuk negara Malaysia. Ia juga dikenali dengan gelaran Terengganu Darul Iman. Terdapat banyak pulau peranginan yang terletak berhampiran pantai Terengganu, seperti Pulau Kapas, Pulau Redang, Pulau Perhentian Besar, Pulau Perhentian Kecil dan Pulau Tenggol. . Terengganu terkenal dengan hidangan nasi dagang, dan keropok lekor.
Poskod
Poskod yang digunakan di Kampung Rantau Abang, Dungun, Terengganu adalah 23000.
Tolombeh-ye Arj Yarahmadi
Tolombeh-ye Arj Yarahmadi merupakan sebuah kawasan yang terletak di Iran.
Bandol
ialah sebuah komun yang terletak di komun Var di wilayah Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur tenggara Perancis.
Le Broc, Puy-de-Dôme
Le Broc merupakan sebuah komun di jabatan Puy-de-Dôme di tengah Perancis.
Bahmadi
Bahmadi merupakan sebuah kawasan yang terletak di Iran.
Towale, Banawa, Donggala
Towale merupakan sebuah desa yang terletak di kecamatan Banawa, Donggala, Sulawesi Tengah, Indonesia.