cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Pendudukan Jerman ke atas Belgium semasa Perang Dunia II
Selepas kejayaan pencerobohan itu, sebuah pentadbiran tentera telah ditubuhkan di Belgium, menjadikan wilayah itu dibawah pemerintahan terus Wehrmacht. Beribu-ribu askar Belgium telah dijadikan tawanan perang, dan ramai tidak dibebaskan sehingga tahun 1945. Pentadbiran Jerman bertungkus-lumus mengekalkan ketenteraman sambil membawa keluar material dari negara itu untuk gerakan perang mereka. Mereka dibantu oleh perkhidmatan awam Belgium, yang mempercayai bahawa kerjasama minimum dengan pihak penjajah akan mengurangkan kerosakan terhadap kepentingan Belgium. Parti Fasis Belgium di kedua-dua Flanders dan Wallonia, ditubuhkan sebelum perang, mereka bersubahat lebih aktif dengan penjajah; menolong merekrut rakyat Belgium untuk tentera Jerman dan diberi banyak kuasa hingga ke hujung pendudukan. Makanan dan bahan api telah dicatu, dan semua berita rasmi ditapis dengan teliti. Orang awam Belgium yang tinggal berhampiran kawasan sasaran seperti persimpangan keretapi adalah merbahaya dari serangan udara Bersekutu.
Pebo Unang, Palasa, Parigi Moutong
Pebo Unang merupakan sebuah desa di kecamatan Palasa, Kabupaten Parigi Moutong, Sulawesi Tengah, Indonesia.
Pendudukan Jerman ke atas Belgium semasa Perang Dunia II
Dari tahun 1942, penjajahan ini menjadi lebih tertindas. Orang Yahudi mengalami penganiayaan sistematik dan pengusiran ke kem tahanan, begitu juga langkah-langkah diambil terhadap pembangkang politik yang berpotensi. Walaupun terdapat protes yang kuat, pihak Jerman menghantar orang awam Belgium bekerja di kilang-kilang di Jerman. Sementara itu, penentang Belgium, dibentuk pada hujung tahun 1940, berkembang dengan pesat. Dari tahun 1944, SS dan Parti Nazi mendapat lebih banyak kawalan di Belgium, terutamanya selepas kerajaan tentera digantikan pada Julai oleh sebuah pentadbiran awam Nazi, iaitu Reichskommissariat Belgien-Nordfrankreich. Pada September 1944, tentera Bersekutu tiba di Belgium dan bergerak dengan pantas ke seluruh negara. Pada Disember, wilayah itu telah digabungkan (de jure) kedalam Empayar Jerman Raya walaupun pemimpin subahatnya telah dibuang ke Jerman dan kawalan Jerman di wilayah itu hampir tidak wujud. Belgium telah diisytihar bebas sepenuhnya pada Februari 1945. Secara keseluruhannya, 40,690 rakyat Belgium, lebih separuh daripada mereka orang Yahudi, terbunuh semasa pendudukan dan keluaran dalam negara kasar (KDNK) pra-perang dikurangkan sebanyak lapan peratus.
Argentré
ialah komun di jabatan Mayenne di barat-laut Perancis.
Tinju
thumb|320px|Perlawanan tinju profesional antara [[Ricardo Dominguez (kiri) dengan Rafael Ortiz.]]
Tinju ialah sejenis sukan yang dua orang peserta sama berat melawan antara satu sama lain dengan menggunakan penumbuk dalam siri tempoh satu hingga tiga minit yang dikenali sebagai pusingan. Dalam divisyen Sukan Olimpik dan profesional, peserta (dikenali sebagai peninju atau petinju) mengelakkan tumbukan lawan sementara cuba menumbuk lawannya. Markah diberikan untuk tumbukan padu yang tepat pada kawasan sah di bahagian hadapan tubuh lawan atas pinggang, dengan tumbukan pada kepala dan tubuh amat bernilai.
Peninju yang memperolehi mata tertinggi selepas pusingan yang ditetapkan akan diumumkan sebagai pemenang. Kemenangan juga boleh dicapai sekiranya lawan dikalah mati (atau KO) dan tidak dapat bangun sebelum pengadil membuat sepuluh kiraan, atau sekiranya lawan dianggap terlalu cedera untuk meneruskan perlawanan (kalah mati teknikal, atau TKO). Untuk simpanan rekod, TKO disamai dengan KO, dengan frasa "kalah mati teknikal" biasa digunakan untuk rencana berita sezaman.
Asal
thumb|200px|Tinju belia dalam fresko [[Minoan di pulau Santorini, sebuah pulau Yunani.]]
Bukti terawal membayangkan bahawa sukan tinju tersebar luas di Afrika Utara sejak dari tahun 4000 SM dan di Mediterranean sejak dari tahun 1500 SM.
Raja Thesus, seorang raja Yunani Purba yang memerintah pada sekitar 900 SM dikatakan dihiburkan oleh lelaki-lelaki yang duduk berhadapan satu sama lain dan saling menumbuk sehingga salah satu mereka dibunuh. Dengan berlalunya masa, penumbuk-penumbuk berdiri semasa melawan dan memakai sarung tangan (tidak berpad) dan pembalut pada lengan bawah mereka tetapi selain ini, telanjang semasa bertanding. Diterima sebagai sukan Olimpik (orang Yunani Purba menggelarnya Pygme/Pygmachia) buat pertama kali pada tahun 688 SM, peserta-peserta ketika itu berlatih dengan menggunakan karung tinju (dipanggil korykos). Membebaskan jari-jari mereka, para petinju kemudian memakai pembalut kulit (dikenali sebagai himantes) pada kedua-dua tangan, pergelangan tangan, dan kekadangnya juga pada lengan bawah untuk melindungi mereka daripada kecederaan.
Di Rom Kuno, petinju biasanya merupakan penjenayah dan abdi. Mereka harap menjadi johan untuk mencapai kebebasan mereka. Bagaimanapun, lelaki bebas juga bertinju. Akhirnya, tinju menjadi amat popular sehingga orang bangsawan juga turut bertinju tetapi perbuatan mereka ini diharamkan oleh Raja Augustus. Pada tahun 500, sukan tinju diharamkan sama sekali oleh Theodoric Agung. <!---
London Prize Ring rules (1839)
Records of boxing activity disappeared after the fall of the Roman Empire. The sport would later resurface in England during the early 18th century in the form of bare-knuckle prizefighting. The first documented account of a bare-knuckle fight in England appeared in 1681 in the "London Protestant Mercury," and the first English bare-knuckle champion was James Figg in 1719. This is also the time when the word "boxing" first came to be used.
Early bare-knuckle fighting was crude with no written rules. There were no weight divisions, round limits and no referee. Modern rules banning gouging, grappling, biting, headbutting, fish-hooking and blows below the belt were absent.
The first boxing rules were introduced by heavyweight champion Jack Broughton in 1743 to protect fighters in the ring where deaths sometimes occurred. Under these rules, if a man went down and could not continue after a count of 30 seconds, the fight was over. Hitting a downed fighter and grasping below the waist were prohibited. Broughton also invented "mufflers" (padded gloves), which were used in training and exhibitions.
Badminton di Sukan Asia 2014
Badminton di Sukan Asia 2014 telah diadakan di Gimnasium Gyeyang, Incheon, Korea Selatan dari 20 hingga 29 September 2014.
Tinju
London Prize Ring rules (1839)
In 1839, the London Prize Ring rules were introduced which superseded Jack Broughton's rules. Later revised in 1853, they stipulated the following:
Badminton di Sukan Asia 2014
Pemenang
Tian Qing Zhao Yunlei Vivian Hoo Kah Mun Woon Khe Wei
Li Xuerui Tian Qing Zhao Yunlei Wang Shixian Yu Yang Wang Xiaoli Wang Yihan Liu Xin Bao Yixin Ma Jin Sung Ji-hyun Kim So-young Jang Ye-na Bae Youn-joo Kim Ha-na Jung Kyung-eun Ko Eun-byul Kim Hyo-min Ko A-ra Yoo Hae-won Minatsu Mitani Ayaka Takahashi Misaki Matsutomo Sayaka Takahashi Reika Kakiiwa Miyuki Maeda Akane Yamaguchi Yui Hashimoto Shizuka Matsuo Mami Naito P. V. Sindhu Saina Nehwal N. Siki Reddy Pradnya Gadre P. C. Thulasi Ashwini Ponnappa Tanvi Lad
Tinju
Marquess of Queensberry rules (1867)
In 1867, the Marquess of Queensberry rules were drafted by John Chambers for Olympic championships held at Lillie Bridge in London for Lightweights, Middleweights and Heavyweights. The rules were published under the patronage of the Marquess of Queensberry, whose name has always been associated with them.
Teskensu
Teskensu merupakan sebuah kampung yang terletak di kawasan Wilayah Almaty di tenggara Kazakhstan.
Tinju
Marquess of Queensberry rules (1867)
There were twelve rules in all, and they specified that fights should be "a fair stand-up boxing match" in a 24-foot-square ring. Rounds were three minutes long with one minute rest intervals between rounds. Each fighter was given a ten-second count if he was knocked down and wrestling was banned.
Badminton di Sukan Asia 2014
Negara
221 orang peserta dari 19 negara terlibat dalam badminton di Sukan Asia 2014:
Tinju
Marquess of Queensberry rules (1867)
The introduction of gloves of "fair-size" also changed the nature of the bouts. An average pair of boxing gloves resembles a bloated pair of mittens and are laced up around the wrists. Gloves protected the hands of both fighters but their considerable size and weight made knock-out victories more difficult to achieve. Resultantly, bouts became longer and more strategic with greater importance attached to defensive maneuvers such as slipping, bobbing, countering and angling.
Badminton di Sukan Asia 2014
Negara
• 3
Tinju
Marquess of Queensberry rules (1867)
The English case of R v. Coney in 1882 found that a bare-knuckle fight was an assault occasioning actual bodily harm, despite the consent of the participants. This marked the end of widespread public bare-knuckle contests in England.
The first world heavyweight champion under the Queensberry Rules was "Gentleman Jim" Corbett, who defeated John L. Sullivan in 1892 at the Pelican Athletic Club in New Orleans.
With the gradual acceptance of formalised rules, two distinct branches of boxing emerged; Professional and Olympic. The boxing rules enforced by governing bodies worldwide today at the local, national and international level are all derived in some way from the Marquess of Queensberry Rules.
Olympic boxing
Olympic (or Amateur) boxing is found at the Olympic Games and Commonwealth Games. Olympic boxing prizes point scoring rather than physical damage or knockouts. Bouts comprise four rounds of two minutes in Olympic and Commonwealth and three rounds of two minutes in a national ABA (Amateur Boxing association) bout each with a one minute interval between rounds.
Aron, Mayenne
Aron ialah komun di jabatan Mayenne di barat-laut Perancis.
Tinju
Olympic boxing
Competitors wear protective headgear and gloves with a white strip across the knuckle. A punch is considered a scoring punch only when the boxers connect with the white portion of the gloves. Each punch that lands on the head or torso is awarded a point. A referee monitors the fight to ensure that competitors use only legal blows (a belt worn over the torso represents the lower limit of punches - any boxer repeatedly landing "low blows" is disqualified). Referees also ensure that the boxers don't use holding tactics to prevent the opponent from swinging (if this occurs, the referee separates the opponents and orders them to continue boxing. Repeated holding can result in a boxer being penalized, or ultimately, disqualified).
Referees will stop the bout if a boxer is seriously injured, if one boxer is significantly dominating the other or if the score is severely imbalanced.
Olympic (Amateur) boxing history
The Queensberry Amateur Championships continued from 1867 to 1885, and so, unlike their professional counterparts, Olympic boxers did not deviate from using gloves once the Queensberry Rules had been published. In the United Kingdom, the Amateur Boxing Association (A.B.A.) was formed in 1880 when twelve clubs affiliated. It held its first championships the following year. Four weight classes were contested, Featherweight (9 stone), Lightweight (10 stone), Middleweight (11 stone, 4 pounds) and Heavyweight (no limit). (A stone is equal to 14 pounds). By 1902, American boxers were contesting the titles in the A.B.A. Championships, which, therefore, took on an international complexion. By 1924, the A.B.A. had 105 clubs in affiliation.
Boxing first appeared at the Olympic Games in 1904 and, apart from the Games of 1912, has always been part of them. From 1972 through 2004, Cuba and the United States have won the most Gold Medals, 29 for Cuba and 21 for the U.S. Internationally, Olympic boxing spread steadily throughout the first half of the 20th century, but when the first international body, the Federation Internationale de Boxe Olympic (International Olympic Boxing Federation) was formed in Paris in 1920, there were only five member nations. In 1946, however, when the International Amateur Boxing Association (A.I.B.A.) was formed in London, twenty-four nations from five continents were represented, and the A.I.B.A. has continued to be the official world federation of Olympic boxing ever since. The first World Amateur Boxing Championships were staged in 1974.
In the late 19th and early 20th century, Olympic boxing was encouraged in schools, universities and in the armed forces, but the champions usually came from among the urban poor.
Women's boxing first appeared in the Olympic Games at a demonstration bout in 1904. For most of the 20th century, however, it was banned in most nations. Its revival was pioneered by the Swedish Amateur Boxing Association, which sanctioned events for women in 1988. The British Amateur Boxing Association sanctioned its first boxing competition for women in 1997. The first event was to be between two thirteen-year-olds, but one of the boxers withdrew because of hostile media attention. Four weeks later, an event was held between two sixteen-year-olds.
Sisa bauksit
Sisa bauksit atau buangan bekas lombong bauksit, atau lebih dikenali sebagai sisa kilang penghasilan alumina (ARR) adalah produk sampingan daripada pengeluaran alumina (aluminium oksida, Al2O3). ARR merupakan bahan mentah utama dalam penghasilan logam aluminium, antara kegunaannya termasuk dalam pembuatan seramik, produk pengkakisan dan produk refraktori. Skala penjanaan sisa bauksit pada zaman sekarang merupakan salah satu faktor utama yang menjadikannya antara bahan buangan yang penting untuk diselidik dan dikaji. Berikutan itu, kajian masa kini menumpu pada isu penyimpanan dan cara mengitarkan semula sisa bauksit untuk digunakan semula. Sebanyak 95% alumina yang dihasilkan di seluruh dunia melalui proses bayer; dan untuk setiap satu tan alumina yang dihasil melalui proses ini, sebanyak 1 hingga 1.5 tan sisa bauksit turut dihasilkan. Pengeluaran tahunan alumina pada 2014 adalah lebih kurang 108 juta tan, dan sebanyak 135 juta tan sisa bauksit telah dihasilkan.
Tinju
Olympic (Amateur) boxing history
A new scoring system was invented for Olympic boxing: using a computer, judges must press a button every time they think a boxer landed a punch. When three or more of the five judges press the button within a second of each other, the punch counts as a "point" for the fighter that landed it. Punches to the head or face of an opponent usually score the most points for a competitor. At any point of the fight in which a fighter is leading by twenty points (or sometimes more), the referee is indicated and the fight is stopped, the leading fighter winning by "mercy", and credited with a knockout.
Rang De Basanti
Rang De Basanti (रंग दे बसंती , ; Warna Pengorbanan) adalah sebuah filem 2006 drama India yang ditulis dan diarahkan oleh Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra. Ia mempunyai ensemble cast yang terdiri daripada Aamir Khan, Soha Ali Khan, Madhavan, Kunal Kapoor, Siddharth Narayan, Sharman Joshi, Atul Kulkarni dan pelakon British Alice Patten dalam peranan memimpin. Dibuat pada bajet ₹ 250 juta ( US $ 5,5 juta), filem itu telah ditembak di dalam dan di sekitar New Delhi.
Tinju
Professional boxing
Professional bouts are far longer than Olympic bouts (ranging from four to twelve rounds), headgear is not permitted, and boxers are generally allowed to take much more punishment before a fight is halted. At any time, however, the referee may stop the contest if he believes that one participant can not or should not continue to box. In that case, the other participant is awarded a technical knockout win, which appears on the boxer's record as a knockout win (or loss). A technical knockout would also be awarded if a fighter lands a punch that opens a cut on the opponent, and the opponent is later deemed not fit to continue by a doctor because of the cut. If a boxer simply quits fighting, or if his corner stops the fight, then the winning boxer is also awarded a technical knockout victory.
Rang De Basanti
Cerita ini adalah mengenai pembikin filem dokumentari British yang ditentukan untuk membuat filem di India kebebasan pejuang berdasarkan penyertaan diari oleh datuk, bekas pegawai Tentera British India. Apabila tiba di India, beliau meminta sekumpulan lima lelaki muda untuk bertindak dalam filem itu. Mereka bersetuju, tetapi selepas mereka memulakan penggambaran rakan mereka terbunuh dalam nahas pesawat pejuang, dengan rasuah kerajaan yang muncul untuk menjadi punca kejadian. Peristiwa ini radicalizes mereka dari riang kepada individu-individu yang didorong oleh semangat-yang ditentukan untuk membalas dendam kematiannya.
Tinju
Professional boxing
If a knockout or disqualification does not occur, the fight must go to the scorecards. Professional fights have three judges each, and each of the judges must use the 10 point must system: Under this system, each time a boxer wins a round in the judges' eyes, the judge gives that boxer 10 points, and the other 9 or less. If the judge deems the round to be a tie, he or she may score it 10-10. When the fight reaches its scheduled distance, all scores are added, round by round, to determine who won on each judges' cards. When all three judges have the same boxer as the winner, this is an unanimous decision. When two judges have one boxer winning the fight and the other one has it a tie, this is called a majority decision. When two judges have one boxer winning the fight and the other judge has the other boxer winning, this is called a split decision. When one judge gives his or her vote to one boxer, another one gives it to the other boxer, and the third judge calls it a tie, this is a draw. It is also a draw when two judges score the fight a tie, regardless of who the third judge scored the bout for.
Rang De Basanti
Siaran filem itu menghadapi tentangan sengit dari Kementerian Pertahanan India dan Lembaga Kebajikan Haiwan disebabkan oleh bahagian-bahagian filem itu yang menggambarkan penggunaan pesawat pejuang MiG-21 dan satu bangsa kuda India yang diharamkan masing-masing. Filem ini dikeluarkan di seluruh dunia pada 26 Januari 2006 dan kemudiannya telah dicalonkan untuk Anugerah BAFTA untuk Filem Terbaik Filem Bahasa Asing Terbaik pada 2006 Anugerah BAFTA. Rang De Basanti juga telah dipilih sebagai penyertaan rasmi India untuk Golden Globe Award dan Anugerah Akademi dalam Asing Terbaik kategori Filem Bahasa, walaupun ia tidak akhirnya menghasilkan pencalonan untuk anugerah sama ada. Runut bunyi A. R. Rahman, yang diperoleh ulasan positif, mempunyai dua landasan dipertimbangkan untuk Academy Award] penamaan]. Filem ini bukan sahaja diterima baik oleh pengkritik dan penonton pada nilai-nilai pengeluarannya, tetapi juga mempunyai pengaruh yang ketara ke atas masyarakat India. Di India, filem ini tidak banyak majlis-majlis anugerah Bollywood, termasuk memenangi Filem Terbaik di [[Filmfare Awards.
Tinju
Professional boxing
In the United Kingdom, the bout is only scored by the referee, except when a title is at stake, in which case it is scored by three judges.
Sisa bauksit
Pengeluaran
Terdapat lebih daripada 60 operasi pengeluaran di seluruh dunia yang mengunakan proses Bayer untuk mengeluarkan alumina daripada bijih bauksit. Bijih bauksit dilombong lazimnya melalui kaedah lombong dedah dan kemudian dihantarkan ke kilang penghasilan alumina (ARR) untuk diproses. Alumina diekstrak melalui proses pelarutan bijih bauksit dalam natrium hidroksida serta diletakkan pada suhu dan tekanan tinggi. Sebahagian komponen bauksit yang sukar dilarut (iaitu sisa bauksit) dikeluarkan daripada proses, dan larutan natrium aluminat yang telah dihasilkan kemudian akan melalui proses pembenihan dan penurunan suhu dan seterusnya menjana semula natrium hidroksida melalui pemendakan di dalam larutan tersebut. Walaupun sebahagian daripada aluminium hidroksida dipulangkan kepada proses untuk digunakan sebagai pembenih untuk proses berikutnya, selebihnya dihantar untuk dikalsinkan (dipanaskan) dalam suhu yang melebihi 1000oC untuk menghasilkan aluminium oksida (alumina). Kandungan alumina dalam sisa bauksit adalah sebanyak 50% tetapi bijih bauksit yang mengandungi alumina dalam rangkaian yang luas boleh turut digunakan, sebatian aluminium boleh wujud sebagai gibbsit (Al(OH)3), bohmit (AlOOH) or diaspora (AlOOH). Sisa atau buangan bekas lombong bauksit biasanya mengandungi sejumlah besi oksida yang tinggi dan kerana itu produk yang dihasilkan mempunyai ciri warna merah. Sejumlah baki kecil natrium hidroksida ditinggalkan di dalam sisa bauksit menyebabkan pH atau kealkalian sisa bauksit lebih daripada 12. Bermacam-macam peringkat diperkenalkan di dalam proses pengasingan cecair dan pepejal untuk memastikan natrium hidroksida dikitar semula sebanyak mungkin daripada sisa bauksit untuk menjamin proses Bayer yang efisien dan menurunkan kos pengeluaran alumina. Justeru itu, kealkalian produk yang rendah pada peringkat terakhir juga membantu sisa bauksit supaya sisa lebih mudah dikendalikan.
Komposisi
Antara bahan sisa bauksit selepas menghabiskan proses ekstrasi komponen aluminium adalah baki oksida logam yang tidak bertindakbalas dalam proses kimia dahulunya. Peratus kandungan oksida yang dihasilkan daripada industri alumina tertentu bergantung pada kualiti dan jenis bijih bauksit dan keadan pengekstrakan yang berbeza. Rantaian komposisi unsur-unsur boleh berbeza secara meluas tetapi biasanya: Fe2O3	5 - 60%, Al2O3	5 - 30%, TiO2	0.3 - 15%, CaO	2 - 14%, SiO2	3 - 50% and Na2O 1 - 10%.
Tinju
Professional boxing
If a fight can not go on because of an injury caused to one of the competitors by a headbutt, there are different rules: If the fight has not reached the end of round three, (in some places, round four), the fight is declared a technical draw or a no contest. If it has reached beyond the end of round three (or four), then the scorecards are read and whoever is ahead, wins by a technical decision.
Bintang Cari Bintang
Bintang Cari Bintang, atau singkatannya BCB adalah sebuah acara realiti TV di Trans TV. Bintang Cari Bintang merupakan program pertandingan pencarian bakat dalam bidang suara. Pemenang pertandingan ini akan melawan juara dari program realiti sama dari Mentor di TV3 Malaysia. Bintang Cari Bintang merupakan rancangan realiti bertemakan muzk di Trans TV setelah Popstar.
Sisa bauksit
Komposisi
Objektif proses Bayer ini terutamanya menumpu pada pengeluaran dan ekstrasi sebanyak mungkin komponen yang mengandungi aluminium secara kaedah yang ekonomikal. Kebanyakkannya, bahan daripada sisa bauksit mencerminkan kehadiran komponen bukan aluminium, dengan pengecualian sebahagian daripada komponen silikon: hablur kristal silika (kuarza) tidak akan bertindak-balas tetapi sebahagian kecil mineral silika yang masih kekal, sering diistilahkan, silika reaktif, akan bertindak balas di bawah syarat-syarat pengekstrakan tertentu dan kemudian menghasilkan produk sampingan natrium aluminium silikat.
Donja Peščanica
Donja Peščanica merupakan sebuah tempat yang terletak di Serbia.
Sisa bauksit
Komposisi
Dari segi kajian mineral, komponen yang hadir termasuk: Sodalit 3Na2O.3Al2O3.6SiO2.Na2SO4) 4 - 40%; Aluminous-gothit (aluminium ferum oksida) 10 - 30%; Hematit (ferum oksida) 10 - 30%; Silika, kristal & amorfus 5 - 20%; Trikalsium aluminat (3CaO.Al2O3.6H2O) 2 - 20%; Bohmit (AlO(OH)) 0 - 20%; Titanium Dioksida 2 - 15%; Muskovit (K2O.3Al2O3. 6SiO2.2H2O) 0 - 15%; Kalsium karbonat 2 - 10%; Gibbsit (Al(OH)3) 0 - 5%; Kaolinit (Al2O3. 2SiO2.2H2O) 0 - 5%.
Ulatan, Palasa, Parigi Moutong
Ulatan merupakan sebuah desa di kecamatan Palasa, Kabupaten Parigi Moutong, Sulawesi Tengah, Indonesia.
Sisa bauksit
Kawasan penyimpanan sisa bauksit
Kaedah penyimpanan sisa mengalami perubahan ketara sejak kilang asal dibina. Amalan pada tahun-tahun terdahulu adalah dengan mengepam lumpur sisa bauksit pada kepekatan larutan sebanyak 20% pepejal, ke dalam lagun atau kolam yang dibuat di kawasan buangan bekas lombong bauksit ataupun bekas lombong kuari. Dalam kes lain, pembendungan dibina daripada empangan ataupun tetambak, sementara ada juga yang mebina empangan daripada lembah sungai dan sisa bauksit didepositkan dalam kawasan penyimpanan sementara.
Antara amalan umum dalam pengurusan lumpur sisa bauksit melibatkan pembebasan lumpur ke sungai, estuari, ataupun laut melalui saluran paip atau baj; dan contoh lain pula melibatkan lumpur dihantar mengunakan kapal ke lautan dan dilupuskan ke lautan dalam yang berkilometer jauhnya di luar pesisiran. Semua pelupusan di lautan, muara dan sungai sudah diberhentikan. Sejak ruangan tempat penyimpanan sisa kian menurun dan kebimbangan berkenaan teknik penyimpanan basah meningkat, maka pada tahun 1980-an, teknik penyimpanan kering lebih digemari oleh industri. Teknik ini memastikan lumpur sisa bauksit ditebalkan ke lumpur berkepadatan tinggi (48-55% pepejal dan lebih tinggi) yang kemudian akan didepositkan secara kaedah yang akan membantu sisa bauksit mengeras dan mengering.
Salah satu kaedah penyimpanan sisa bauksit yang popular adalah melalui teknik penapisan dengan menghasilkan kek penapis sisa bauksit (kira-kira >30% pepejal). Kek sisa tapisan ini boleh dibasuh dan dibersihkan sama ada melalui air atau wap untuk mengurangkan kealkalian sisa sebelum diangkut dan dihantar untuk disimpan sebagai bahan separa kering. Sisa bauksit yang dihasilkan melalui kaedah ini paling sesuai untuk digunakan semula dan dikitarkan kerana kehadiran alkali yang rendah, kos pengangkutan yang lebih murah dan mudah untuk dikendalikan dan diproses.
Kegunaan
Sejak proses Bayer mula diterima pakai dalam industri pada 1894, nilai oksida yang tinggal di dalam sisa bauksit sekarang lebih diiktirafkan. Pelbagai usaha telah dibuat untuk memulihkan semula komponen utama, terutamanya besi. Sejak permulaan era perlombongan, usaha penyelidikan yang meluas telah dikhususkan untuk mencari kegunaan sisa bauksit. Aplikasi yang berpotensi tinggi boleh dibahagikan pada pelbagai kategori: penghasilan semula komponen spesifik yang tampak di dalam sisa bauksit, contohnya besi, titanium, unsur nadir bumi; pengitaran and pengunaan sisa bauksit sebagai komponen utama dalam pembuatan produk lain, contohnya simen; pengitaran and pengunaan sisa bauksit sebagai komponen dalam bangunan atau bahan binaan, contohnya konkrit, jubin, batu-bata, tanah tutupan; dan pengubahan sisa bauksit kepada bahan berguna, contohnya melalui process Virotec.
Rangkaian komposisi yang luas telah mencetuskan sebilangan aplikasi teknikal yang berdaya maju termasuk: pembuatan simen, pengunaan sisa bauksit dalam konkrit sebagai bahan tambahan, penghasilan semula besi serta titanium, pengunaan di dalam panel bangunan, batu-bata, batu-bata yang dilindungi dengan foam, jubin, batu kerikil/landasan ballast, ameriolisasi tanah, baja kalsium dan silikon, bahan buangan tutupan/pemulihan tapak perlombongan dan pembinaan, penghasilan semula lanthanides (unsur nadir bumi), penghasilan semula skandium, penghasilan semula gallium, penghasilan semula yttrium, rawatan saliran lombong berasid, adsorben logam berat, pewarna, fosfat, fluorid, bahan kimia untuk pembersihan air, seramik kaca, seramik, kaca foam, pigmen, penggerudian minyak atau pengekstrakan gas, pengisi untuk PVC, pengganti kayu, geopolimer, pemangkin,  kot semburan plasma menggunakan aluminium dan kuprum, pembuatan komposit aluminium titanate-Mullit untuk lapisan yang boleh bertahan dalam suhu tinggi, pengeluaran sulfur daripada gas serombong industri, penyingkiran arsenik, penyingkiran kromium, ameliorisasi tanah. Dianggarkan sebanyak 2 hingga 3.5 juta tan sisa bauksit dihasilkan setiap tahun adalah digunakan secara:
Perkembangan di EU
Pada 2015, suatu inisiatif utama telah dilancarkan di Eropah dengan dana Kesatuan Eropah untuk menangani pengunaan sisa bauksit. Kira-kira 15 pelajar Ph.D telah diambil sebagai sebahagian daripada Latihan Rangkaian Eropah untuk pengunaan sisa bauksit secara menyeluruh dan tanpa meninggalkan baki sisa (Zero-Waste Valorisation). Fokus utama adalah dalam penghasilan semula besi, aluminium, titanium dan unsur-unsur nadir bumi (termasuk skandium) serta pengunaan sisa bauksit di dalam bahan binaan.
Rujukan tambahan
“Bauxite Residue Management: Best Practice”, boleh didapati di Institut Aluminium Antarabangsa, 10 King Charles II Street, London, SW1Y 4AA, UK dan secara dalam talian di http://bauxite.world-aluminium.org/refining/bauxite-residue-management.html
Tinju
Evolution of professional boxing
In 1909, the first of twenty-two belts were presented by the fifth Earl of Lonsdale to the winner of a British title fight held at the N.S.C. In 1929, the B.B.B.C. continued to award Lonsdale belts to any British boxer who won three title fights in the same weight division. The "title fight" has always been the focal point in professional boxing. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, however, there were title fights at each weight. Promoters who could stage profitable title fights became influential in the sport, as did boxers' managers. The best promoters and managers have been instrumental in bringing boxing to new audiences and provoking media and public interest. The most famous of all three-way partnership (fighter-manager-promoter) was that of Jack Dempsey (Heavyweight Champion, 1919-1926), his manager Jack Kearns, and the promoter Tex Rickard. Together they grossed US$ 8.4 million in only five fights between 1921 and 1927 and ushered in a "golden age" of popularity for professional boxing in the 1920s. They were also responsible for the first live radio broadcast of a title fight (Dempsey v. Georges Carpentier, in 1921). In the United Kingdom, Jack Solomons' success as a fight promoter helped re-establish professional boxing after the Second World War and made the UK a popular place for title fights in the 1950s and 1960s.
Sisa bauksit
Rujukan tambahan
Data tentang pengeluaran aluminium dan aluminium oksuda dunia. http://www.world-aluminium.org
B. K. Parekh and W. M. Goldberger, “An assessment of technology for the possible utilization of Bayer process muds”, diterbitkan oleh Agensi Perlindungan Alam Sekitar A.S., EPA 600/2-76-301.
Wanchao Liu, Jiakuan Yang, Bo Xiao, “Review on treatment and utilization of bauxite residues in China”, dalam Int. J. of Mineral Processing, 93 220-231 (2009).
Suryopranoto
Suryopranoto (1871 - 15 Oktober 1959) merupakan seorang rakyat Indonesia.
Sisa bauksit
Rujukan tambahan
M.B. Cooper, “Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) in Australian Industries”, laporan EnviroRad ERS-006 yang disediakan untuk Majlis Penasihat Kesihatan dan Keselamatan Radiasi Australia (2005).
Suryopranoto
Dilahirkan di Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Suryopranoto meninggal dunia di Cimahi dan dimakamkan di Kotagedhe, Bantul.
Sisa bauksit
Rujukan tambahan
Y.Pontikes, G.N. Angelopoulos, B. Blanpain, “Radioactive elements in Bayer’s process bauxite residue and their impact in valorization options”, Transportation of NORM, NORM Measurements and Strategies, Building Materials, Advances in Sci. and Tech, 45 2176-2181 (2006).
W.K.Biswas and D. J. Cooling, “Sustainability Assessment of Red SandTM as a substitute for Virgin Sand and Crushed Limestone”, J. of Ind. Ecology, 17(5) 756-762 (2013).
Tinju
Evolution of professional boxing
Although women fought professionally in many countries, in the United Kingdom the B.B.B.C. refused to issue licences to women until 1998. By the end of the century, however, they had issued five such licenses. The first sanctioned bout between women was in November 1998 at Streatham in London, between Jane Couch and Simona Lukic.
Bintang Cari Bintang
Peserta BCB diadili para penyanyi ternama Indonesia seperti Audy, Glenn Fredly, Iis Dahlia, Inul Daratista, Shanty, Yuni Shara serta Mario kahitna dan Yovie Widianto, mereka semua disebut mentor.
Sisa bauksit
Rujukan tambahan
Agrawal, K.K. Sahu, B.D. Pandey, "Solid waste management in non-ferrous industries in India", Resources, Conservation and Recycling 42 (2004), 99–120.
Tinju
Length of bouts
For decades, from the 1920s to the 1980s, world championship matches in professional boxing were scheduled for fifteen rounds, but that changed after a November 13, 1982 WBA Lightweight title bout ended with the death of boxer Duk Koo Kim in a fight against Ray Mancini in the 14th round of a nationally televised championship fight on CBS.
Sepaso Selatan, Bengalon, Kutai Timur
Sepaso Selatan merupakan sebuah desa di wilayah kecamatan Bengalon, Kabupaten Kutai Timur, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia.
Tinju
Length of bouts
Exactly three months after the fatal fight, the World Boxing Council reduced the number of their championship fights to 12 rounds. The World Boxing Association even stripped a fighter of his championship in 1983 because the fight had been a 15-round bout, shortly after the rule was changed to 12 rounds. By 1988, to the displeasure of many boxing purists, all fights had been reduced to a maximum of 12 rounds only, partially for safety, and partially for television, as a 12-round bout could take one hour to broadcast, while a 15-round bout could requre 90 minutes to broadcast.
Sisa bauksit
Rujukan tambahan
Jongyeong Hyuna, Shigehisa Endoha, Kaoru Masudaa, Heeyoung Shinb, Hitoshi Ohyaa, "Reduction of chlorine in bauxite residue by fine particle separation", Int. J. Miner. Process., 76, 1-2, (2005), 13-20.
Claudia Brunori, Carlo Cremisini, Paolo Massanisso, Valentina Pinto, Leonardo Torricelli, "Reuse of a treated red mud bauxite waste: studies on environmental compatibility", Journal of Hazardous Materials, 117(1), (2005), 55-63.
Sepaso Timur, Bengalon, Kutai Timur
Sepaso Timur merupakan sebuah desa di wilayah kecamatan Bengalon, Kabupaten Kutai Timur, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia.
Sisa bauksit
Rujukan tambahan
H. Genc¸-Fuhrman, J.C. Tjell, D. McConchie, "Increasing the arsenate adsorption capacity of neutralized red mud (Bauxsol™)", J. Colloid Interface Sci. 271 (2004) 313–320.
Bintang Cari Bintang
Pengacara tetap BCB adalah Darius Sinathria dan Aline.
Sisa bauksit
Rujukan tambahan
H. Genc¸-Fuhrman, J.C. Tjell, D. McConchie, "Adsorption of arsenic from water using activated neutralized red mud", Environ. Sci. Technol. 38 (2004) 2428–2434.
Bintang Cari Bintang
Producer : Omar Aram
Sisa bauksit
Rujukan tambahan
H. Genc¸-Fuhrman, J.C. Tjell, D. McConchie, O. Schuiling, "Adsorption of arsenate from water using neutralized red mud", J. Colloid Interface Sci. 264 (2003) 327–334.
Tinju
Equipment
Boxing techniques utilize very forceful strikes with the hand. There are many bones in the hand, and striking surfaces without proper technique can cause serious hand injuries. Today, most trainers do not allow boxers to train and spar without handwraps and gloves. Handwraps are used to secure the bones in the hand, and the gloves are used to protect the hands from blunt injury, allowing boxers to throw punches with more force than if they did not utilize them.
Headgear, used in Olympic boxing, protects against cuts, scrapes, and swelling, but does not protect very well against concussions. Headgear does not sufficiently protect the brain from the jarring that occurs when the head is struck with great force. Also, most boxers aim for the chin on opponents, and the chin is usually not padded. Thus, a powerpunch can do a lot of damage to a boxer, and even a jab that connects to the chin can cause damage, regardless of whether or not headgear is being utilized.
Stance and movement
Development
The Boxer's Stance
The following stance applies for a right-handed boxer. The boxer stands with the legs shoulder-width apart with the right foot a half-step behind the left foot. The left (lead) fist is held vertically about six inches in front of the face at eye level. The right (rear) fist is held beside the chin and the elbow tucked against the ribcage to protect the body. The chin is tucked into the chest to avoid punches to the jaw which commonly cause knock-outs. Modern boxers can sometimes be seen "tapping" their cheeks or foreheads with their fists in order to remind themselves to keep their hands up (which becomes difficult during long bouts).
Movement
Modern boxers are taught to "push off" with their feet in order to move effectively. Forward motion involves lifting the lead leg and pushing with the rear leg. Rearward motion involves lifting the rear leg and pushing with the lead leg. During lateral motion the leg in the direction of the movement moves first while the opposite leg provides the force needed to move the body.
Punches
There are four basic punches in boxing: the Jab, Cross, Hook and Uppercut. If a boxer is right-handed, his left hand is the lead hand, his right hand is the rear hand and vice versa. The following techniques apply to a right-handed boxer. A right-handed boxer's handedness is commonly described as orthodox. A left-handed boxer is called an unorthodox boxer or a Southpaw.
Tactics and strategy
The "Rope-a-dope" Strategy
Arquenay
ialah komun di jabatan Mayenne di barat-laut Perancis.
Suryo
R.M. Suryo (9 Julai 1898 - 10 September 1948) adalah Gabenor pertama Jawa Timur serta seorang pahlawan nasional Indonesia.
Tinju
Tactics and strategy
Bolo punch
Suryo
Dilahirkan di Magetan, indonesia, Suryo meninggal dunia di Bago, Kedunggalar, Ngawi dan dimakamkan di Magetan. Sebuah monumen telah dibangunkan di Ngawi untuk mengenang jasanya.
Tinju
London rules and pre-Queensberry era
[01]JOHN L. SULLIVAN [02]JAMES J. CORBETT  [3]BOB FITZSIMMONS [04]JAMES J. JEFFRIES - Retired as World Heavyweight Champion [05]MARVIN HART(Hart Beat Jack Root for Title for after being named to fight for Title by Jeffries) [06]TOMMY BURNS  [07]JACK JOHNSON (Beat a returning Jeffries and cemented his claim to Title) [08]JESS WILLARD [09]JACK DEMPSEY  [10]GENE TUNNEY - Retired as World Heavyweight Champion  [11]MAX SCHMELING (Beat Jack Sharkey who won the NBA Championship)  [12]JACK SHARKEY  [13]PRIMO CARNERA [14]MAX BAER [15]JAMES J. BRADDOCK  [16]Joe Louis - Retired as World Heavyweight Champion  [17]EZZARD CHARLES (Won NBA Title - Beat a returning Joe Louis and cemented his claim to Title)  [18]JERSEY JOE WALCOTT  [19]ROCKY MARCIANO - Retired as World Heavyweight Champion  [20]FLOYD PATTERSON - (Beat Light-Heavyweight Champion Archie Moore)  [21]INGEMAR JOHANSSON  [22]FLOYD PATTERSON Became first man to regain World Heavyweight Title  [23]SONNY LISTON  [24]CASSIUS CLAY aka MUHAMMED ALI  [25]JOE FRAZIER (Frazier had won recognition by NBA and WBC) - Beat a returning Ali win World Heavyweight Title)  [26]GEORGE FOREMAN  [27]MUHAMMED ALI (Became second man to regain World Heaveyweight Title)  [28]LEON SPINKS  [29]MUHAMMED ALI (Became first man to regain World Heavyweight Title a third time) - Retired as World Heavyweight Champion  [30]LARRY HOLMES (Holmes had won recognition by WBC and IBF)- Beat a returning Ali and cemented his claim to Title)  [31]MICHAEL SPINKS [32]MIKE TYSON [33]BUSTER DOUGLAS  [34]EVANDER HOLYFIELD [35]RIDDICK BOWE [36]EVANDER HOLYFIELD (Became third man to regain World Heavyweight Title)  [37]MICHAEL MOORE  [38]GEORGE FOREMAN (Became fourth man to regain World Heavyweight Title  [39]SHANNON BRIGGS  [40]LENNOX LEWIS  [41]OLIVER MCCALL  [42]LENNOX LEWIS (Became fifth man to regain World Heavyweight Title)  [43]HASSIM RAHMAN  [44]LENNOX LEWIS - (Became second man to regain World Heavyweight Title a third time) - Retired as Heavyweight Champion  [45]NO LINEAR CHAMPION AT THIS TIME.
1900s to 1920s
In the post-Queensberry era, the first British fighter to achieve superstar status was Bob Fitzsimmons. He weighed less than 12 stone but won world titles at middleweight (1892), light heavyweight (1903), and heavyweight (1897). He fought his last bout at the age of fifty-two.
Famous British boxers include Harry Mallin (Middleweight), 1920 and 1924), Terry Spinks (Flyweight, 1956), Dick McTaggart (Lightweight, 1956) and Chris Finnegan (Middleweight, 1968).
American boxers in the post-Queensberry era include world heavyweight champions Jim Jeffries (the first Great White Hope) and Jack Johnson (the first black world heavyweight champion).
A Welsh flyweight called Jimmy Wilde won the world Flyweight Championship in 1916 and held it until 1923. He once had a sequence of eighty-eight fights without defeat. Between 1911 and 1923, he won seventy-five of his fights by a knockout. He was described in Wales as the "Mighty Atom" and "the ghost with a hammer in his hand".
1920s to 1940s
Jack Dempsey was a world heavyweight champion and dominated the 20's after defeating Jess Willard. One of the hardest punchers of all-time and as Bert Randoulph Sugar put it "Had a left hook from hell."
Joe Louis defended the title for 12 years before retiring as world champion in 1949. Joe Louis was voted the best puncher of all time by Ring magazine.
Another American boxer, James Braddock (nicknamed Cinderella Man) became the world heavyweight champion by defeating Max Baer against 10 to 1 odds. Braddock defeated Corn Griffin, but was destroyed by Joe Louis in a title bout.
In the 1930s, British boxer Jackie Berg won the light welterweight title. In the 1940s, Freddie Mills won the light heavyweight title. In the 1950s and 1960s, Randy Turpin and Terry Downes won middleweight titles. and in the 1970s, John Conteh and John Stracey won the light heavyweight and welterweight titles respectively. With so many title-awarding bodies in the 1980s and 1990s, the public became unsure about who actually was the champion. Among English flyweights, Jackie Brown won the title in 1932, Peter Kane in 1938 and Terry Allen.
A flyweight from Glasgow, Scotland, Benny Lynch, held the world flyweight title in 1935 and again in 1937. Fellow Scotsmen Jackie Paterson won the title in 1943 and Walter McGowan in 1966. Scottish lightweights Ken Buchanan won the title in 1971 and Jim Watt in 1980.
1940s to 1960s
An American boxer in the 1950s, Rocky Marciano, remains the only undefeated world champion in any division. Another American, Sugar Ray Robinson, held the world welterweight title from 1946 to 1951 and the world middleweight title a record five times from 1951 to 1960. American boxer Archie Moore, held the world light heavyweight title for ten years and scored more knockout victories than any other boxer in history. In Northern Ireland, Rinty Monahan held the flyweight title from 1947 to 1950, and Barry McGuigan won the W.B.A. featherweight title in 1985.
Lapangan Terbang Jicin
Lapangan Terbang Jicin adalah sebuah lapangan terbang yang terletak di bandar Jicin, Czech Republic.
Tinju
1960s to 1980s
In the 1960s to the 1970s, an American heavyweight boxer named Cassius Clay changed his name to Muhammad Ali upon converting to the Abrahamic religion of Islam and promised to "shock the world." Ali fought Sonny Liston, Joe Frazier, Ken Norton, and George Foreman. Ali was known for his charismatic personality and refusal to enlist in the US Army during the Vietnam War.
Lapangan Terbang Jicin
Lapangan Terbang Jicin terletak pada kedudukan latitud 50* 25.8000' utara, longitud 15* 19.9833' timur pada ketinggian 263.04 meter dari aras laut.
Tinju
1960s to 1980s
After Ali retired, American boxer Sugar Ray Leonard won world titles in five different weight divisions.
1980s to present
Nicknamed "Iron Mike", American heavyweight boxer Mike Tyson became world heavyweight champion at the age of 21 and the first undisputed champion in a decade. Controversy surrounded Tyson's career. In 1991, he was imprisoned for allegedly raping Miss Black Rhode Island, Desiree Washington in an Indianapolis hotel room. In 1996, Tyson was banned from boxing for a year after biting a chunk from Evander Holyfield's ear during a bout. In August 2003, he filed for bankrupcy. In August 2005, Tyson unofficially retired from boxing.
American Roy Jones, Jr. won world titles in four different weight divisions, from middleweight to heavyweight. When he defeated John Ruiz to win the WBA heavyweight title, he was the first former middleweight champion to win a heavyweight title since Bob Fitzsimmons over one hundred years ago.
British heavyweight Lennox Lewis became undisputed champion in 1999 after winning the WBC title in 1993. Frank Bruno held the WBC world heavyweight title from 1995 and 1996, after beating the man who beat Lewis, Oliver McCall. He lost it to Mike Tyson in a rematch of their 1989 title bout.
Tebangan Lebak, Bengalon, Kutai Timur
Tebangan Lebak merupakan sebuah desa di wilayah kecamatan Bengalon, Kabupaten Kutai Timur, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia.
Tinju
1980s to present
Sue Atkins (alias Sue Catkins) helped to pioneer women's boxing in the United Kingdom in the 1980s, but without any official recognition. The first British woman to be issued with a license was Jane Couch from Fleetwood, who won the Women's International Boxing Federation (WIBF) welterweight title in 1996.
International Boxing Hall of Fame
Boxing's International Hall of Fame was inspired by a tribute an American town held for two local heroes in 1982. The town, Canastota, New York, honored former world welterweight/middleweight champion Carmen Basilio and his nephew, former world welterweight champion Billy Backus. The people of Canastota raised money for the tribute which inspired the idea of creating an official, annual hall of fame for notable boxers.
The International Boxing Hall of Fame opened in Canastota in 1989. The first inductees in 1990 included Jack Johnson, Benny Leonard, Jack Dempsey, Henry Armstrong, Sugar Ray Robinson, Archie Moore, and Muhammad Ali. The Hall of Fame's induction ceremony is held every June as part of a four-day event.
Medical concerns
In 1983, The Journal of the American Medical Association called for a ban on boxing. The editor, Dr. George Lundberg, called boxing an "obscenity" that "should not be sanctioned by any civilized society." Since then, the American Neurological Association, American Academy of Neurology and British, Canadian and Australian Medical Associations have also wanted to abolish the sport.
In 1984, R.J. McCunney and P.K. Russo published a study entitled Brain Injuries in Boxing. The study argued that boxing is relatively safe compared to other sports by citing the following figures on US sports fatalities:
Fatality rates per 100,000 participants
Lundberg replied: "It's not the deaths but the chronic brain damage that is so frequent." The AMA reports brain deterioration in three out of four boxers who have twenty or more professional fights.
Many support the ban because it seems that causing injury to another athlete is the goal of the sport. Dr. Bill O'Neill, boxing spokesman for the British Medical Association, has supported the BMA's proposed ban on boxing: "It is the only sport where the intention is to inflict serious injury on your opponent, and we feel that we must have a total ban on boxing."
Badan Pengawas
Boxing has many governing bodies leaving no organization in overall control.
Professional Boxing
Lihat juga Tomoi --->
Tepian Baru, Bengalon, Kutai Timur
Tepian Baru merupakan sebuah desa di wilayah kecamatan Bengalon, Kabupaten Kutai Timur, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia.
Faramans, Isère
Faramans ialah komun di jabatan Isère, Rhône-Alpes di tenggara Perancis.
Kampung Gong Guchil, Pasir Puteh
Kampung Gong Guchil merupakan sebuah kampung yang terletak di Pasir Puteh, dalam negeri Kelantan, iaitu sebuah negeri di Malaysia.
Poskod
Poskod yang digunakan di Kampung Gong Guchil, Pasir Puteh, Kelantan adalah 16800.
Lebuhraya Persekutuan
Lebuhraya Persekutuan (Tulisan Jawi: ليبوهراي ڤرسكوتوان) ialah sebatang lebuh raya capaian terkawal di Malaysia yang menghubungkan bandar raya Kuala Lumpur, Petaling Jaya, Shah Alam dan bandar Klang. Lebuh raya ini bermula dari Salak Selatan di Kuala Lumpur ke Bukit Raja di Klang. Lebuhraya Persekutuan dikodkan sebagai Laluan Persekutuan.