cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Hijau
Dalam tinjauan yang dibuat di negara-negara Amerika, Eropah dan Islam, hijau adalah warna yang paling banyak dikaitkan dengan alam, kehidupan, kesihatan, belia, musim bunga, harapan dan perasaan iri hati. Di Kesatuan Eropah dan Amerika Syarikat, hijau kadangkala dikaitkan dengan toksik & kesejukan serta kesihatan yang buruk, tetapi di China dan sebahagian besar wilayah di Asia, ia dikaitkan secara positif sebagai simbol kesuburan dan kebahagiaan. Kumpulan politik yang menganjurkan perlindungan alam sekitar dan keadilan sosial menggambarkan diri mereka sebagai sebahagian daripada gerakan Hijau. Ada juga yang menamakan diri mereka sebagai parti Hijau. Ini membawa kepada kempen yang serupa dalam pengiklanan, apabila syarikat menjual produk hijau atau produk mesra alam. Hijau juga merupakan warna tradisional bagi keselamatan dan keizinan; lampu isyarat berwarna hijau bermaksud boleh berjalan, kad hijau memberi keizinan untuk menetap di Amerika Syarikat.
THE-QS World University Rankings
Berat peringkat yang digunakan ialah:
Hijau
Istilah "hijau" tidak mentakrifkan warna yang tepat, kecuali istilah itu digunakan bersama-sama dengan sesuatu piawaian, seperti warna-warna X11, atau ruang warna mutlak seperti sRGB.
Kegunaan warna hijau
thumb|350px|[[Klorofil (pigmen)|Klorofil ialah bahan yang memberikan tumbuhan warna hijau. Buah lemon ini akan semakin menjadi kuning semasa buah ini semakin masak.]]
right|thumb|350px|Meja Snuker
THE-QS World University Rankings
Kedudukan 2009
3 universiti teratas pada setiap negara (dalam senarai 100 besar):
Hijau
Bahan-bahan hijau
Pewarna makanan hijau termasuk klorofil (E140 dan E141), kuinolina (E104) dan di negara-negara yang mengizinkan kegunaannya, "Hijau S" (E142).
Warna web
Warna hijau yang digunakan untuk HTML dan gaya sunting berkaskad (CSS) sebenarnya ialah hijau tua (#008000), seperti yang dapat dilihat dalam sampel di kanan: warna hijau yang tulen digelarkan hijau pucuk pisang
Lanka
Lanka (लंका “pulau”) atau Langkapura (ලංකාපුර laṁkāpura, இலங்கை நாடு, ) adalah nama sebuah kerajaan dipercayai wujud dalam ceritera Hindu Ramayana (serta turunan saduran seperti Hikayat Seri Rama) terletak sebuah pulau di selatan India diperintah Raja Rawana; kerajaan tersebut diceritakan berbenteng oleh sebuah penara terletak di antara tiga puncak gunung dikenali sebagai Gunung Trikuta.
Dalam ceritera Ramayana, ibu kota ini dikatakan pernah dibakar oleh Hanuman. Setelah Rawana dibunuh oleh Rama Ragawa, takhta kerajaan tersebut diserahkan kepada adik Rawana, Wibisana. Setelah itu, tahta kerajaan selalu dipegang oleh keturunannya, bahkan sampai pada zaman Mahabharata. Dalam kisah Mahabharata, Sahadewa mengunjungi negeri tersebut untuk mengambil upeti dalam rangka mendukung upacara Rajasuya yang diselenggarakan oleh Raja Yudistira.
Para sejarawan mengaitkan kerajaan ini dengan gambaran berkias pulau dan negara moden Sri Lanka.
Republik Slovakia (1939-1945)
Republik Slovakia (Pertama) ([prvá] Slovenská republika) atau dikenali sebagai Negara Slovakia (Slovenský štát) adalah sebuah negara pelanggan Jerman Nazi yang wujud diantara tempoh 14 Mac 1939 dan 4 April 1945. Ia merangkumi kebanyakan wilayah masa kini Slovakia kecuali bahagian selatan dan bahagian timur yang diliputi negara kini, yang kemudian membentuk sebahagian daripada Hungary. Republik tersebut bersempadan dengan Jerman, Negeri Naungan Bohemia dan Moravia, Poland – dan seterusnya Kerajaan Am (Saki baki Poland yang dijajah Jerman) – dan Hungary.
Jerman mengiktiraf Negara Slovakia, seperti yang dilakukan kepada beberapa negara lain, seperti Pemerintah Sementara Republik China, Croatia, El Salvador, Estonia, Itali, Hungary, Jepun, Lithuania, Manchukuo, Mengjiang, Romania, Kesatuan Soviet, Sepanyol, Switzerland dan Kota Vatikan.
Kememnangan Pihak Berikat secara berbaliknya membatalkan kewujudan sah Republik Slovakia pertama melalui pemansuhan Perjanjian Munich tahun 1938 dan segala kepentingannya.
Kampung Sungai Tiram
Kampung Sungai Tiram boleh merujuk pada beberapa perkara, antaranya adalah:-
Hanstedt
merupakan sebuah munisipaliti terletak di daerah Harburg, Niedersachsen, Jerman.
Git
Git ialah perisian pengawal versi atau projek pengurusan kod perisian yang diciptakan oleh Linus Torvalds, yang pada awalnya ditujukan untuk pembangunan kernel Linux. Reka Git terinspirasi oleh BitKeeper dan Monotone. Git pada awalnya hanya dirancang sebagai enjin peringkat rendah yang dapat digunakan oleh tampilan muka (front end) lain seperti Cogito atau StGIT. Namun selanjutnya projek teras Git telah berkembang menjadi pengawal semakan lengkap yang dapat digunakan langsung. Semasa ini, beberapa perisian terkenal menggunakan Git sebagai pengawal revisinya, antara lain kernel Linux, Server X.org, pembangunan teras OLPC (One Riba per Child) , serta kerangka kerja web Ruby on Rails.
Penyelenggaraan perisian Git semasa ini diawasi oleh Junio Hamano. Dirilis di bawah Lesen Awam Umum GNU versi 2, Git ialah suatu perisian bebas.
Poșaga
Poșaga merupakan sebuah komun yang terletak di wilayah Alba, Romania.
Sultanpur, Sultanpur
Sultanpur ialah sebuah bandar baru ("township") dalam daerah Sultanpur di negeri Uttar Pradesh, India.
Demografik 2001
Menurut bancian India pada tahun 2001, Sultanpur memiliki bilangan penduduk seramai 100,085. Dari jumlah tersebut, kaum lelaki membentuk 53% dari jumlah keseluruhan populasi dan wanita seramai 47%.
Pendidikan 2001
Menurut bancian India pada tahun 2001 Sultanpur memiliki kadar pendidikan (kebolehan membaca) 71%, melebihi kadar purata kebangsaan 59.5%; dengan 57% lelaki dan 43% wanita mampu membaca. 13% dari populasi berusia di bawah 6 tahun. (2001)
Heussé
ialah komun di jabatan Manche di barat-laut Perancis.
Grand Prix Hungary 2011
Grand Prix Hungary 2011 (nama rasmi: XXVII Eni Magyar Nagydij) ialah sebuah perlumbaan motor Formula Satu yang diadakan di Hungaroring pada 31 Julai 2011, sebagai perlumbaan ke-11 Formula Satu musim 2011. Perlumbaan sebanyak 70 pusingan ini dimenangi oleh Jenson Button dari pasukan McLaren, setelah bermula dari tempat ketiga dalam permulaan Grand Prixnya yang ke-200. Peneraju kejohanan, Sebastian Vettel yang bermula dari petak pertama menghabiskan perlumbaan di tempat kedua untuk Red Bull, sementara Fernando Alonso di tempat ketiga untuk pasukan Ferrari.
Kelayakan
Catatan:
Lodes
Lodes ialah komun di jabatan Haute-Garonne di Perancis.
Abdul Aziz Ahmad
Dato' Kurnia Bistari Hj Abdul Aziz bin Ahmad adalah Menteri Besar Pahang dari 1 September 1972 - 31 Ogos 1974. Sebelum beliau ialah Tan Sri Yahya Mohd Seth(1964-1972). Selepas beliau ialah Dato' Sri Muhamad Bin Jusoh	(1974-1978).
Pingat
DIMP., AMN., JP.
Pasukan bola sepak kebangsaan Slovenia
Pasukan bola sepak kebangsaan Slovenia adalah pasukan bola sepak kebangsaan Slovenia dan ia ditadbir oleh Persatuan Bola Sepak Slovenia. Pasukan ini telah bermain pada perlawanan pertama mereka pada tahun 1992 selepas perpecahan Yugoslavia pada tahun 1991.
Asal usul
Sebelum kemerdekaan Slovenia pada tahun 1991, pasukan kebangsaan Slovenia wujud hanya sebagai satu pasukan serantau tidak diiktiraf secara rasmi oleh FIFA. Ia mempunyai status yang sama dengan Pasukan bola sepak kebangsaan Catalonia atau Pasukan bola sepak kebangsaan Kosovo. Pasukan itu kebanyakannya dimainkan perlawanan persahabatan menentang pasukan dari republik lain SFR Yugoslavia dan diwakili oleh pemain Slovenia dengan warna tradisional putih, biru dan merah.
Kelab-kelab bola sepak yang pertama telah ditubuhkan pada awal abad ke-20 dalam tempoh tersebut apabila kebanyakan wilayah masa kini Slovenia masih dalam Empayar Austro-Hungary. Pada akhir Perang Dunia I, Slovenia, bersama-sama dengan Croatia, menyertai Kerajaan Serbia membentuk Kerajaan Serb, Croat dan Slovenes, yang akan dinamakan semula ke dalam Yugoslavia pada tahun 1929. Pada 24 April 1920, di PersatuanBola Sepak Kecil Ljubljana telah ditubuhkan sebagai cawangan Slovenian Persatuan Bola Sepak Yugoslavia dan menganjurkan liga bola sepak pertama. Pemenang Liga Ljubljana mempunyai akses kepada Kejohanan Yugoslavia. Pada 23 Jun 1921 di ibu Ljubljana Slovenia menjadi tuan rumah perlawanan antara pasukan kebangsaan Perancis dan pemilihan pemain dari kelab Slovenia. Para tetamu ialah Presiden FIFA, Jules Rimet, yang kemudiannya memulakan kejohanan Piala Dunia yang pertama. Perancis memenangi 5-0 dan, walaupun pertemuan itu tidak rasmi oleh piawaian antarabangsa, ia adalah, sekurang-kurangnya di Slovenia, diterima secara meluas sebagai penampilan pertama pasukan kebangsaan Slovenia.
Jamaras, Cempaga, Kotawaringin Timur
Jamaras merupakan sebuah desa di kecamatan Cempaga, Kotawaringin Timur, provinsi Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia.
Edward III dari England
Edward III (13 November 1312 - 21 Jun 1377) merupakan salah seorang daripada Raja Inggeris yang paling berjaya semasa Zaman Pertengahan. Edward III mengembalikan kekuasaan raja selepas bencana yang ditinggalkan daripada bapanya, Edward II, Edward III telah menukar Kerajaan England menjadi kuasa tentera yang paling berkuasa di Eropah. Pembangunan penting dalam pembangunan parlimen dan kerajaan dapat dilihat pada zaman pemerintahan baginda;secara khususnya dalam evolusi parlimen Inggeris - serta kerosakan Black Death. Pemerintahan Edward III kekal di atas takhta selama 50 tahun; tidak ada raja Inggeris telah memerintah selama itu sejak Henry III, dan tiada raja lain selepasnya sehingga George III, sebagai Raja United Kingdom.
Edward telah dimahkotakan pada usia 14 tahun, berikutan kemangkatan bapanya. Apabila Edward berumur 17 tahun, beliau mengetuai satu rampasan kuasa ke atas Pemangku Raja, Roger Mortimer, dan memulakan pemerintahan baginda sendiri. Pada 1340, setelah menundukkan (tetapi bukan menakluk) Kerajaan Scotland, beliau telah mengisytiharkan dirinya sebagai waris sah ke atas takhta Perancis, yang kemudian telah memulakan Perang Seratus Tahun. Berikutan beberapa kegagalan awal, perang ini membawa kemenangan luar biasa kepada England; kemenangan di Crécy dan Poitiers membawa kepada Perjanjian Brétigny. Bagaimanapun pada tahun-tahun terkemudian, menandakan kegagalan antarabangsa dan perselisihan dalaman, disebabkan kekakuan dan keadaan kesihatan terus Edward.
Walaupun Edward III merupakan seorang yang meragam, beliau mempunyai sifat belas kasihan. Beliau kebiasaanya merupakan seorang raja konvensional, cukup tertarik pada peperangan. Edward amat dihormati pada zamannya dan berabad selepas, beliau kemudian dikecam sebagai seorang pengembara yang tidak bertanggungjawab oleh sejarawan Whig. Pandangan ini berubah setelah pensejarahan moden menghargainya di atas pencapaiannya yang banyak.
Salasilah keluarga
Lihat di sini untuk salasilah lengkap keluarga Diraja Britain.
Fada
Fada adalah ibu negeri Ennedi, Chad, terletak di Banjaran Ennedi. Ia dikenali dengan lukisan gua dan formasi batuan, di mana Guelta d'Archei dan satu belukar yang tumbuh di dalam wadi adalah daya penarik.
Ia juga merupakan tempat lahir Presiden Chad terkini, Idriss Déby.
Marxen
merupakan sebuah munisipaliti terletak di daerah Harburg, Niedersachsen, Jerman.
Ijazah
thumb|250px|Contoh ijazah kurniaan bertarikh 1206 Hijriah atau 1791 Masihi Ijazah merujuk kepada mana-mana dalam selingkungan besar tahap darjat yang dikurniakan oleh institusi pengajian tinggi seperti universiti kepada orang yang dididik dalam badan sebegini pelajar atau siswa secara amnya sebagai ganjaran bagi kejayaan menyiapkan satu program pengajian.
Peristilahan
Perkataan ‘Ijazah’ berasal daripada kata dasar bahasa Arab ajāza أجَازَ iaitu "membenarkan" atau "mengizinkan" yang berkaitan dengan kata kerja jāza أجَازَ iaitu "melalui; melintas; menyeberangi". Ibn Manzur mengungkapkan dalam kitabnya Lisan al-‘Arab secara etimologinya bermaksud "bersandar" di atas sesuatu sepertimana bersandar di atas banral. Fairuzabadi dalam kitabnya Al-Qāmus al-Muħīṭ menyatakan ia bermakna "memberi kebenaran, kuasa atau hak".
Perkembangan
Istilah ijazah dalam ilmu pendidikan Islam secara umumnya bermaksud lesen (kebenaran) untuk mengajar, dan secara khususnya ia merujuk kepada sijil yang dikeluarkan oleh seseorang profesor / pensyarah di dalam sesebuah institusi pengajian tinggi kepada seseorang pelajar yang mengikuti sesuatu kursus pengajian (dan akan dianugerahkan ijazah) berdasarkan penilaian profesor / pensyarah (yang mengajar kursus tersebut), dan juga kepada sesiapa (pelajar) yang difikirkan sudah cukup kelayakannya menyampaikan subjek (ilmu) yang sama kepada anak muridnya sendiri.
Maka, ijazah dikeluarkan oleh seseorang tenaga pengajar (al – Mujiz seperti profesor, pensyarah, syeikh, guru dan sebagainya) yang menganugerahkan lesen (kebenaran) untuk memindahkan segala ilmu yang telah disampaikan. Umumnya, ijazah mengandungi senarai tajuk buku / kitab atau kompilasinya serta subjek yang telah dikuasai untuk dipindahkan dan dengan itu,lesen (kebenaran) akan diberikan. Pemindahan dari tenaga pengajar ini boleh jadi dalam bentuk umum ataupun khusus.
Seperti profesion-profesion lain, kegiatan pengajaran di universiti-universiti hanya dijalankan oleh mereka yang benar-benar berkelayakan. Begitu juga dengan seorang tukang kayu akan melalui gred-gred perantis dan pelatih untuk memperolehi status tukang kayu yang mahir apabila diberi kelayakan penuh oleh persatuannya, seorang guru akan menjadi pakar apabila dia diberi lesen oleh profesionnya, persatuan pengajaran. Persatuan-persatuan pengajaran ini di dalam banyak bandar mengambil identiti "universiti" apabila ia menganugerahkan piagam, dan para pelajar yang diterima masuk ke universiti tersebut dan melepasi gred-grednya dengan cara seakan-akan sama dengan persatuan perdagangan secara langsung.
Massiac
Massiac ialah komun di jabatan Cantal di selatan-tengah Perancis.
Ijazah
Perkembangan
Asal-usul ijazah kedoktoran khususnya bermula dengan ijazat attadris wa 'l-ifttd ("kelulusan untuk mengajar dan memberi fatwa") dalam sistem pendidikan perundangan Islam Zaman Pertengahan yang setara dengan kelayakan Doktor Undang-undang dan dimajukan semasa kurun ke-9 setelah pembentukan mazhab-mazhab fekah. Untuk memperolehi ijazah kedoktoran, seseorang pelajar "perlu belajar dalam persatuan sekolah undang-undang, lazimnya selama empat tahun bagi kursus Ijazah" dan sekurang-kurangnya 10 tahun bagi kursus Ijazah Sarjana Muda. "Ijazah kedoktoran diperolehi selepas melalui ujian lisan untuk menentukan ketulenan tesis calon", dan untuk menguji "keupayaan pelajar dalam mempertahankan tesis mereka terhadap semua bantahan, dalam perdebatan yang diadakan untuk tujuan tersebut" yang merupakan latihan-latihan ilmiah yang diamalkan sepanjang "karier pelajar tersebut sebagai mahasiswa undang-undang." Setelah para pelajar menamatkan pendidikan ijazah sarjana muda mereka, mereka dianugerahkan dengan ijazah kedoktoran yang memberi mereka status faqih (yang bermakna "pakar undang-undang"), mufti (yang bermakna "ahli fatwa") dan mudarris (yang bermakna "guru") yang masing-masing kemudiannya diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Latin sebagai magister, professor dan doctor.
Contoh-contoh ijazah
Berikut adalah contoh-contoh ijazah yang disusun pada kedudukan menaik taraf akademik.
Spits Jerman sederhana
Spits Jerman sederhana (Mittelspitz; German spitz mittel) ialah satu baka anjing teman berasal dari Jerman.
Jalan Negeri Kedah K165
Gambaran keseluruhan
Dari penghujung selatan di Kampung Tupah/Ladang Tupah, Jalan Negeri Kedah K165 bermula di persimpangannya dengan Jalan Pantai Barat Kedah K1 berhampiran dengan jambatan Sungai Bujang dan Markas Latihan Luar Pasukan Gerakan Am Polis Diraja Malaysia Tupah. Ia akan menuju ke utara melalui kawasan perkampungan dan HSK Gunung Jerai. Di sepanjang Jalan Rekreasi Tupah K165 tiada persilangan dengan jalan utama. Jajaran K165 akan berakhir di hadapan kawasan meletekan kenderaan untuk pelancong di Taman Eko Rimba Tupah dan berdekatan dengan pintu masuk ke Stesen Hidrologi Ibu Bekalan Tupah (atau mudahnya Loji Air Tupah). Secara keseluruhan, Jalan Rekreasi Tupah K165 dikelaskan sebagai jalan raya tunggal dengan dua lorong dari permulaan hingga pengakhiran hayat laluan. Ia diselenggarakan dan dimiliki oleh Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR) Daerah Kuala Muda. Secara pentabdiran, ia terletak di bawah sempadan antara dua mukim iaitu Mukim Bujang dan Mukim Merbok di Daerah Kuala Muda. K165 juga dikelaskan sebagai jalan masuk ke tempat pelancongan.
Persimpangan utama
Kesemua bahagian laluan negeri ini terletak di Daerah Kuala Muda, Kedah, Malaysia.
Undeloh
Undeloh merupakan sebuah munisipaliti terletak di daerah Harburg, Niedersachsen, Jerman.
Rădești, Alba
Rădești, Alba merupakan sebuah komun yang terletak di wilayah Alba, Romania.
Hocquigny
ialah komun di jabatan Manche di barat-laut Perancis.
Hasanabad, Kaghazkonan
Hasanabad, Kaghazkonan merupakan sebuah kawasan yang terletak di Iran.
Buah naga
Rakyat Thailand menggelar pitaya atau kaew mang kron, honey fruit atau red dragon fruit (Amerika Syarikat) atau paw wong fa kor (China).
Isi buah naga berwarna putih, merah, atau ungu dengan taburan biji-biji yang berwarna hitam yang boleh dimakan. Tekstur isinya adalah seperti isi tembikai, manakala rasanya pula adalah seperti buah kiwi. Ciri-ciri unik inilah yang menjadikan buah naga amat sesuai dijadikan ramuan dalam salad buah-buahan.
Spesies lain
Nama lain bagi buah naga ialah pir strawberi, buah kaktus, pitaya, pitahaya, atau kaktus orkid. Dua spesies yang sering ditanam secara komersial ialah Hylocereus undatus(isi putih) dan Hylocereus polyrhizus(isi merah). Spesies lain yang kurang terkenal ialah Seleniereus megalanthus, yang mempunyai isi putih dan berkulit kuning
Bunga
thumb|250px|Keratan rentas buah naga. Bunga pokok naga mengeluarkan bau wangi yang menarik perhatian serangga dan kelawar, yang bertindak sebagai agen pendebungaan. Bunga ini biasanya kembang hanya untuk satu malam dan selepas subuh, bunganya mula kuncup. Yang menarik ialah kaktus ini berupaya menyimpan air. Tidak hairanlah buah naga mengandungi 80% air, selain kandungan vitamin C yang tinggi berbanding tembikai dan epal.
Zat makanan
Industri buah-buahan di luar negara menggunakan buah naga dalam pembuatan wain. Selain buah, bunga dan batang buah naga daripada spesies Selenicereus grandiflorus khususnya, digunakan dalam pembuatan ubat-ubatan yang memberikan kesan baik pada salur darah koronari dan menggalakkan peredaran darah yang baik di dalam tubuh.
Muzium Yang di-Pertua Negeri Melaka
thumb|Muzium Yang di-Pertua Negeri Melaka
Sejarah dan perkembangan institusi Yang di-Pertua kini terpahat didalam sebuah bangunan indah yang dahulunya dikenali sebagai Sri Melaka. Sebelum ini telah dijadikan muzium, tetapi telah menjadi kediaman rasmi dan pejabat TYT sehingga 1996. Kegunaan asal ruang-ruang di muzium ini dikekalkan dengan mempamerkan berbagai koleksi milik setiap Yang di Pertua Negeri.
Hollenstedt (Samtgemeinde)
Hollenstedt merupakan sebuah munisipaliti terletak di daerah Harburg, Niedersachsen, Jerman.
Gulai ayam
Gulai ayam merupakan sejenis masakan ayam, berkuah yang sering dihidangkan bersama nasi. Bagaimanapun, ia juga sesuai untuk dimakan bersama-sama pelbagai jenis roti, termasuk roti putih, roti mamak, roti tempayan, roti jala, roti nan, dan lain-lain.
Bahagian Limbang
Bahagian Limbang ialah satu daripada 12 bahagian yang terdapat di negeri Sarawak Bumi Kenyalang, Malaysia. Ia memiliki keluasan sebanyak 7,788.5 kilometer persegi dan merupakan bahagian terbesar keempat di Sarawak. Secara rasmi, Bahagian Limbang dipecahkan kepada dua daerah, Lawas, dan Limbang dan tiga daerah kecil iaitu Daerah Kecil Nanga Medamit, Daerah Kecil Sundar, dan Daerah Kecil Trusan.
Bruzovice
Bruzovice merupakan sebuah kampung dan kawasan perbandaran yang terletak di daerah Frýdek-Místek, wilayah Moravia-Silesia, Republik Czech.
Bahagian Limbang
Pentadbiran
Daerah-daerah dan daerah kecil di Bahagian Limbang keseluruhan terdapat lima. Setiap daerah dan daerah kecil dipecahkan kepada beberapa kampung atau kawasan dan mempunyai pihak berkuasa tempatan tersendiri. Jadual dibawah menunjukkan senarai daerah-daerah dan daerah kecil yang dibawah pentadbiran Bahagian Limbang.
Geografi
Bahagian Limbang merupakan bahagian di timur laut negeri Sarawak. Ia juga bersempadan dengan negera jiran, Brunei Darussalam. Daerah Temburong juga berjiran dengan Daerah Limbang dan Daerah Kecil Nanga Medamit di barat dan Daerah Kecil Trusan dan Daerah Kecil Sundar di timur. Daerah Lawas terletak di timur sempedan negeri Sabah, Malaysia.
Merlin (siri TV)
Anugerah Dan Pencalonan
NTA 2013    Colin Morgan         Menang
Håkan Westergren
Håkan Karl Leonard Westergren (29 April 1899 – 15 Oktober 1981) merupakan pelakon Sweden.
Valencia
right|200px|Peta lokasi Valencia Valencia (Bahasa Balansi: València; ) adalah bandar ketiga terbesar Sepanyol. Penduduknya berjumlah 807,396 orang pada tahun (2006).
Penamaan
Nama kota ini turunan Latin Valentia "kekuatan" terbitan kata sifat valens "kuat"; Livius menulis penubuhan kota memperingati askar-askar Romawi yang berkhemah di sekitar tapak sana semasa Perang Lusitania bertempur melawan Viriatus.
Semasa zaman Andalusiyah; kota ini dijolok dengan nama Madinah at-Turab yang bermaksud 'Kota Tanah' kerana dikatakan banyak tempat ladang tani yang didirikan di sana; tetapi ia juga boleh dibaca sebagai  Madinah at-Tarab 'Kota Bahagia' atau Madinah at-Turab 'Kota Pasir' kerana terletaknya di tebing sungai Turia. <!--Valencia, or València , is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 809,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Valencia is also Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.3 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the largest on the Mediterranean Sea, with a trade volume of 4.21 million TEU's.
Valencia was founded as a Roman colony in 138 BC. The city is situated on the banks of the Turia, on the east coast of the Iberian Peninsula, fronting the Gulf of Valencia on the Mediterranean Sea. Its historic centre is one of the largest in Spain, with approximately 169 acres; this heritage of ancient monuments, views and cultural attractions makes Valencia one of the country's most popular tourist destinations. Major monuments include Valencia Cathedral, the Torres de Serranos, the Torres de Quart, the Llotja de la Seda (declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1996), and the Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències (City of Arts and Sciences), an entertainment-based cultural and architectural complex designed by Santiago Calatrava and Félix Candela. The Museu de Belles Arts de València houses a large collection of paintings from the 14th to the 18th centuries, including works by Velázquez, El Greco, and Goya, as well as an important series of engravings by Piranesi. The Institut Valencià d'Art Modern (Valencian Institute of Modern Art) houses both permanent collections and temporary exhibitions of contemporary art and photography.
Valencia is integrated into an industrial area on the Costa del Azahar (Orange Blossom Coast). Valencia's main festival is the Falles. The traditional Spanish dish, paella, originated in Valencia.
Name
The original Latin name of the city was Valentia (Latin pronunciation: ), meaning "strength", or "valour", the city being named according to the Roman practice of recognizing the valour of former Roman soldiers after a war. The Roman historian Livy explains that the founding of Valentia in the 2nd century BC was due to the settling of the Roman soldiers who fought against an Iberian rebel, Viriato. During the rule of the Muslim kingdoms in Spain, it was called Medina at-Turab (مدينة التراب, 'City of Sands'), since it was located on the banks of the River Turia, while the term Balansiyya (بلنسية) was reserved for the entire Taifa of Valencia. By gradual sound changes, Valentia has become Valencia  in the Castilian and València  in Valencian (in Valencian the grave accent <è> /ɛ/ contrasts with the acute accent <é> /e/, nevertheless the word 'València' is an exception to this rule which is spelled according to Catalan etymology, though it uses a pronunciation closer to Vulgar Latin).
Location
The city is situated on the banks of the Turia river, on the eastern coast of the Iberian peninsula and the western part of the Mediterranean Sea, fronting the Gulf of Valencia. At the time of its founding by the Romans it stood on a river island in the Turia, 6.4 km from the sea. The Albufera, a saltwater lagoon and estuary which lies about 11 km south of the city, is one of the largest lakes in Spain; it was bought by the City Council from the Crown of Spain for 1,072,980 pesetas in 1911, and today forms the main portion of the Parc Natural de l'Albufera (Albufera Nature Reserve), with a surface area of 21120 ha. Because of its cultural, historical and ecological value, it was declared a natural park by the Generalitat Valenciana in 1986.-->
Suhu
Valencia beriklim subtropika menghampiri iklim Mediterranean (kelas Köppen: Csa) dan iklim separuh gersang (BSk), dengan musim sejuk suam serta musim panas terik panjang.<!--Valencia has a subtropical climate on the borderline of the Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa) and semi-arid climate (BSk), with very mild winters and long warm to hot summers.
Its average annual temperature is 22.3 °C during the day and 13.4 °C at night. In the coldest month - January - the maximum temperature typically during the day ranges from 10 to 20 C, the minimum temperature typically at night ranges from 2 to 12 C and the average sea temperature is 14 °C. In the warmest month - August - the temperature during the day typically ranges from 28 - 34 C, about 23 °C at night and the average sea temperature is 26 °C. Generally, summer temperatures similar to those experienced in northern part of Europe last about 8 months, from April to November. March is transitional, the temperature often exceeds 20 °C, with an average temperature of 19 °C during the day and 9 °C at night. December, January and February are the coldest months, with average temperatures around 17 °C during the day and 8 °C at night.
Sunshine duration hours are 2,660 per year, from 150 (average nearly 5 hours of sunshine duration at day) in December to 314 (average above 10 hours of sunshine duration at day) in July. Average annual temperature of the sea is 18.5 °C. Average relative humidity is 60% in April to 68% in August. -->
<!--==Economy== Valencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry, with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. Air Nostrum, a regional airline, is headquartered in Valencia. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.
In 2009, Valencia was the 29th fastest improving European city. Its influence in commerce, education, entertainment, media, fashion, science and the arts contributes to its status as one of the world's "Gamma"-rank global cities.
Port
Valencia’s port is the biggest on the Mediterranean western coast, the first of Spain in container traffic as of 2008 and the second of Spain in total traffic, handling 20% of Spain’s exports. The main exports are foodstuffs and beverages. Other exports include oranges, furniture, ceramic tiles, fans, textiles and iron products. Valencia’s manufacturing sector focuses on metallurgy, chemicals, textiles, shipbuilding and brewing. Small and medium sized industries are an important part of the local economy, and unemployment is lower than the Spanish average.
Following the announcement that the 32nd America's Cup would be held in Valencia in 2007, the port underwent radical changes in which it was divided into two parts, one part remaining unchanged while the other section would be used exclusively for the America's Cup festivities. The two sections are now divided by a wall that projects far into the water in an effort to maintain clean water for the America's Cup side.
Transport
Public transport is provided by the Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat Valenciana (FGV) which operates the Metrovalencia and other rail and bus services. The Estació del nord (North Station) is the main railway terminus in Valencia. A new temporary station, Estación de València-Joaquín Sorolla, has been built on land adjacent to this terminus to accommodate high speed AVE trains to and from Madrid, Barcelona, Seville and Alicante. Valencia Airport is situated 9 km west of Valencia city centre. Alicante Airport is situated about 170 km south of Valencia.
The City of Valencia also makes available a bicycle sharing system named ValenbiSi to both visitors and residents. As of October 13, 2012, the system has 2750 bikes distributed over 250 stations all throughout the city. -->
Pelancongan
<!--Starting in the mid-1990s, Valencia, formerly an industrial centre, saw rapid development which expanded its cultural and touristic possibilities, and transformed it into a newly vibrant city. Many local landmarks were restored, including the ancient Towers of the medieval city (Serrano Towers and Quart Towers), and the San Miguel de los Reyes monastery which now holds a conservation library. Whole sections of the old city, for example the Carmen Quarter, have been extensively renovated. The Paseo Marítimo, a 4 km long palm tree-lined promenade was constructed along the beaches of the north side of the port (Playa Las Arenas, Playa Cabañal and Playa de la Malvarrosa).
The city has numerous convention centres and venues for trade events, among them the Feria Valencia Convention and Exhibition Centre (Institución Ferial de Valencia) and the Palau de congres (Conference Palace), and several 5-star hotels to accommodate business travelers.
Patai, Cempaga, Kotawaringin Timur
Patai merupakan sebuah desa di kecamatan Cempaga, Kotawaringin Timur, provinsi Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia.
Valencia
Pelancongan
In its long history, Valencia has acquired many local traditions and festivals, among them the Falles, which were declared Celebrations of International Touristic Interest (Fiestas de Interés Turístico Internacional) on 25 January 1965, and the Water Tribunal of Valencia (Tribunal de las Aguas de Valencia), which was declared an intangible cultural heritage of humanity (Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial de la Humanidad) in 2009. In addition to these Valencia has hosted world-class events that helped shape the city's reputation and put it in the international spotlight, e.g., the Regional Exhibition of 1909, the 32nd and the 33rd America's Cup competitions, the European Grand Prix of Formula One auto racing, the Valencia Open 500 tennis tournament, and the Global Champions Tour of equestrian sports.
The 2005 America's Cup yachting races were held at Valencia in June and July 2005 and attracted huge crowds. According to official data from the organizing committee, as many as 150,000 visitors flocked to Valencia's port each day during the two weeks of events.
Budaya
<!--Valencia is known internationally for the Falles (Las Fallas), a local festival held in March, and for paella valenciana, traditional Valencian ceramics, intricate traditional dress, and the architecture of the City of Arts and Sciences designed by Santiago Calatrava and Félix Candela.
La Tomatina, an annual tomato fight, draws crowds to the nearby town of Buñol in August. There are also a number of well-preserved traditional Catholic festivities throughout the year. Holy week celebrations in Valencia are considered some of the most colourful in Spain. Valencia has a metro system, the Metrovalencia (Valencia Metro).
Valencia is the current location of the Formula One European Grand Prix, first hosting the event on 24 August 2008. The city will host the event until at least 2014.
Languages
The two official languages spoken in the city are Valencian and Spanish. Due to political and demographic pressures in the past, the predominant language is Spanish, but Valencian is taught and spoken in most of the surrounding metropolitan area and province of Valencia. The government emphasizes the usage of the local language by posting signs and announcements of the metro area in Valencian with Spanish translations. Valencian is also used when naming streets. Street signs generally give the Valencian name for the street. However, older streets and those which span longer distances are also labelled in Spanish.
Roman Valentia
Valencia is one of the oldest cities in Spain, founded in the Roman period under the name "Valentia Edetanorum" on the site of a former Iberian town, by the river Turia in the province of Edetania. About two thousand Roman colonists were settled there in 138 BC during the rule of consul Decimus Junius Brutus Galaico. The Roman historian Florus says that Brutus transferred the soldiers who had fought under him to that province. This was a typically Roman city in its conception, as it was located in a strategic location near the sea on a river island crossed by the Via Augusta, the imperial road which connected the province to Rome, the capital of the empire. The centre of the city was located in the present-day neighbourhood of the Plaza de la Virgen; here was the forum and the crossing of the Cardo Maximus and the Decumanus Maximus, streets which are still the two main axes of the city. The Cardo corresponds to the existing Calle de Salvador- Almoina and the Decumanus to Calle de los Caballeros.
Pompey razed Valentia to the ground in 75 BC as punishment for its adherence to Sertorius, but it was rebuilt around fifty years later, including large infrastructure projects, and by the mid-first century was experiencing rapid urban growth. Pomponius Mela says it was one of the principal cities of Tarraconensis province. Valencia suffered a new period of decline in the third century, but an early Christian community arose there during the latter years of the Roman Empire in the fourth century.
Middle Ages
A few centuries later, coinciding with the first waves of the invading Germanic peoples (Suevi, Vandals and Alans, and later the Visigoths) and the power vacuum left by the demise of the Roman imperial administration, the church assumed the reins of power in the city and replaced the old Roman temples with religious buildings. With the Byzantine invasion of the southwestern Iberian peninsula in 554 the city acquired strategic importance. After the expulsion of the Byzantines in 625, Visigothic military contingents were posted there and the ancient Roman amphitheatre was fortified. Little is known of its history for nearly a hundred years; although this period is only scarcely documented by archeology, excavations suggest that there was little development of the city. During Visigothic times Valencia was an episcopal See of the Catholic Church, albeit a suffragan diocese subordinate to the archdiocese of Toledo, comprising the ancient Roman province of Carthaginensis in Hispania.
The city surrendered without a fight to the invading Moors (Berbers and Arabs) in 714 AD, and the cathedral of Saint Vincent was turned into a mosque. Abd al-Rahman I, the first emir of Cordoba, ordered the city destroyed, but several years later his son, Abd al-Balansi Allah, had a form of autonomous rule over the province of Valencia. Among his administrative acts he ordered the building of a luxurious palace, the Russafa, on the outskirts of the city in the neighbourhood of the same name. So far no remains have been found. Also at this time Valencia received the name Medina al-Turab (City of Sand). When Islamic culture settled in, Valencia, then called Balansiyya, prospered from the 10th century, due to a booming trade in paper, silk, leather, ceramics, glass and silver-work. The architectural legacy of this period is abundant in Valencia and can still be appreciated today in the remnants of the old walls, the Baños del Almirante bath house, Portal de Valldigna street and even the Cathedral and the tower, El Micalet (El Miguelete), which was the minaret of the old mosque.
After the death of Almanzor and the unrest that followed, Muslim Al-Andalus disintergrated into numerous small states known as taifas, one of which was the Taifa of Valencia which would exist for four distinct periods: 1010–1065, 1075–1099, 1145–1147 and the last from 1229–1238.
Balansiyya had a rebirth of sorts with the beginning of the Taifa of Valencia kingdom in the 11th century. The town grew, and during the reign of Abd al-Aziz a new city wall was built, remains of which are preserved throughout the Old City (Ciutat Vella) today. The Castilian nobleman Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar, known as "El Cid", who was intent on possessing his own principality on the Mediterranean, entered the province in command of a combined Christian and Moorish army and besieged the city beginning in 1092. By the time the siege ended in May 1094, he had carved out his own fiefdom which he ruled from 15 June 1094 to July 1099; this victory was immortalised in the Lay of the Cid. During his rule he converted nine mosques into churches and installed the French monk Jérôme as bishop of the See of Valencia. He was killed defending the city from an Almoravid siege in July 1099, whereupon his wife Ximena Díaz ruled in his place for two years.
The city remained in the hands of Christian troops until 1102, when the Almoravids retook the city and restored the Muslim religion. Although the self-styled 'Emperor of All Spain', Alfonso VI of León and Castile, drove them from the city, he was not strong enough to hold it. The Christians set it afire before abandoning it, and the Almoravid Masdali took possession on 5 May 1109. The event was commemorated in a poem by Ibn Khafaja in which he thanked Yusuf ibn Tashfin for the city's liberation.The declining power of the Almoravids coincided with the rise of a new dynasty in North Africa, the Almohads, who seized control of the peninsula from the year 1145, although their entry into Valencia was deterred by Ibn Mardanis, King of Valencia and Murcia until 1171, at which time the city finally fell to the North Africans. The two Muslim dynasties would rule Valencia for more than a century.
In 1238, King James I of Aragon, with an army composed of Aragonese, Catalans, Navarrese and crusaders from the Order of Calatrava, laid siege to Valencia and on 28 September obtained a surrender. Fifty thousand Moors were forced to leave. Poets such as Ibn al-Abbar and Ibn Amira mourned this exile from their beloved Valencia. After the Christian victory and the expulsion of the Muslim population the city was divided between those who had participated in the conquest, according to the testimony in the  Llibre del Repartiment (Book of Distribution). James I granted the city new charters of law, the Furs of Valencia, which later were extended to the whole kingdom of Valencia. Thenceforth the city entered a new historical stage in which a new society and a new language developed, forming the basis of the character of the Valencian people as they are known today.
On 9 October, King James, followed by his retinue and army, took possession of the city. The principal mosque was purified and the Mass was celebrated. James incorporated city and territory into the newly formed Kingdom of Valencia, one of the kingdoms forming the Crown of Aragon, and permitted all people that lived in the city, Jews, Muslims and Christians, to stay there and live as citizens of the kingdom.
According to historical data on the capitulation of the city, the kingdom of Valencia had a population of 120,000 Muslims, 65,000 Christians and 2,000 Jews, who by the terms of the capitulation and its covenants were mostly allowed to remain on their land. According to the Arab historian Hussein Mones of the University of Cairo, these were the words which King Zayan spoke to James I when he surrendered the keys to the city: The city went through serious troubles in the mid-fourteenth century. On the one hand were the decimation of the population by the Black Death of 1348 and subsequent years of epidemics, and on the other, the series of wars and riots which followed. Among these were the War of the Union, a citizen revolt against the excesses of the monarchy, led by Valencia as the capital of the kingdom, and the war with Castile, which forced the hurried raising of a new wall to resist Castilian attacks in 1363 and 1364. In these years the coexistence of the three communities that occupied the city—Christian, Jewish and Muslim—was quite contentious. The Jews occupying the area around the waterfront had progressed economically and socially, and their quarter was gradually expanding its boundaries at the expense of neighboring parishes. Meanwhile, the Muslims who remained in the city after the conquest were entrenched in a Moorish neighbourhood next to the present-day market Mosen Sorel. In 1391 an uncontrolled mob attacked the Jewish quarter, causing its virtual disappearance and leading to the forced conversion of its surviving members to Christianity. The Muslim quarter was attacked during a similar tumult among the populace in 1456, but the consequences were of minor importance.
Golden Age of Valencia
The 15th century was a time of economic expansion, known as the Valencian Golden Age, in which culture and the arts flourished. Concurrent population growth made Valencia the most populous city in the Kingdom of Aragon. Local industry, led by textile production, reached a great development, and a financial institution, the Canvi de Taula, was created to support municipal banking operations; Valencian bankers lent funds to Queen Isabella I of Castile for Columbus' voyage in 1492. At the end of the century the Silk Exchange (Llotja de la Seda) building was erected as the city became a commercial emporium that attracted merchants from all over Europe.
This boom was reflected in the growth of artistic and cultural pursuits. Some of the most emblematic buildings of the city were built during this period, including the Serranos Towers (1392), the Lonja (1482), the Miguelete and the Chapel of the Kings of the Convent of Santo Domingo. In painting and sculpture, Flemish and Italian trends had an influence on artists such as Lluís Dalmau, Peris Gonçal and Forment Damian. Literature flourished with the patronage of the court of Alfonso the Magnanimous, supporting authors like Ausias March, Roiç de Corella, and Isabel de Villena. By 1460 Joanot Martorell wrote Tirant lo Blanch, an innovative novel of chivalry that influenced many later writers, from Cervantes to Shakespeare. Ausiàs March was one of the first poets to use the everyday language Valencian, instead of the troubadour language, Occitan. Also around this time, between 1499 and 1502, the University of Valencia was founded under the parsimonious name of  Estudio General (General Studies).
Valencia was one of the most influential cities on the Mediterranean in the 15th and 16th centuries. The first printing press in the Iberian Peninsula was located in Valencia. The first printed Bible in a Romance language, the Valencian Bible attributed to Bonifaci Ferrer, was printed in Valencia circa 1478.-->
<!--===Early Modern=== Following the discovery of the Americas, the European economy was oriented towards the Atlantic to the detriment of the Mediterranean trade. Despite the dynastic union of Aragon with Castile, the conquest and exploitation of America was the exclusive domain of Castile. The Valencians, like the Catalans, Aragonese and Majorcans, were prohibited participation in the cross-Atlantic commerce. Faced with this loss of business, Valencia suffered a severe economic crisis, which manifested itself early in 1519–1523 when the artisan guilds known as the Germanies revolted against the government of the Habsburg king Charles I in Valencia, now part of the Crown of Aragon, with most of the fighting done in 1521. The revolt was an anti-monarchist, anti-feudal autonomist movement inspired by the Italian republics, and a social revolt against the nobility who had fled the city before an epidemic of plague in 1519. It also bore a strong anti-Islamic aspect, as rebels rioted against Aragon's population of mudéjars and imposed forced conversions to Christianity. The uprising and its leaders were brutally repressed by the vicereine Germaine of Foix, an action which accelerated the authoritarian centralization of the government of Charles I. Queen Germaine favored harsh treatment of the agermanats; she is thought to have signed the death warrants of 100 former rebels personally, and sources indicate that as many as 800 executions may have occurred in total. The agermanats are comparable to the comuneros of neighboring Castile, who fought a similar revolt against Charles from 1520–1522.
The crisis deepened during the 17th century with the expulsion in 1609 of the Jews and the Moriscos, descendants of the Muslim population that converted to Christianity under threat of exile from Ferdinand and Isabella in 1502. From 1609 through 1614, the Spanish government systematically forced Moriscos to leave the kingdom for Muslim North Africa. They were concentrated in the former Kingdom of Aragon, where they constituted a fifth of the population, and the Valencia area specifically, where they were roughly a third of the total population. The expulsion caused the financial ruin of some of the nobility and the bankruptcy of the Taula de Canvi in 1613. The Crown endeavoured to compensate the nobles, who had lost much of their agricultural labour force; this harmed the economy of the city for generations to come. Later, during the so-called Catalan Revolt (1640–1652), Valencia contributed to the cause of Philip IV with militias and money, resulting in a period of further economic hardship exacerbated by the arrival of troops from other parts of Spain.
With the abolition of the charters of Valencia and most of its institutions, and the conformation of the kingdom and its capital to the laws and customs of Castile, top civil officials were no longer elected, but instead were appointed directly from Madrid, the king's court city, the offices often filled by foreign aristocrats. Valencia had to become accustomed to being an occupied city, living with the presence of troops quartered in the Citadel near the convent of Santo Domingo and in other buildings such as the Lonja, which served as a barracks until 1762.