cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
HMS Furious (47)
Design and description
Even as she was being built, Furious was modified with a large hangar capable of housing ten aircraft on her forecastle that replaced the forward turret. A 160-foot (49 m) flight deck was built along its roof. Aircraft were flown off and, rather less successfully, landed on this deck. Floatplanes like the Short Type 184 used a four-wheel trolley that ran down a track along the centre of the flight deck for take-off. Aircraft were lifted by crane from the hangar to the flight deck. Although the aft turret was fitted and the gun tested, it was not long before Furious returned to her builders for further modifications. In November 1917, the rear turret was replaced by a 300-foot (91 m) deck for landing aircraft over another hangar. Her funnel and superstructure remained intact, with a narrow strip of decking around them to connect the fore and aft flight decks. Turbulence from the funnel and superstructure was severe enough that only three landing attempts were successful before further attempts were forbidden. Her 18-inch guns were reused on s HMS General Wolfe (1915) and HMS Lord Clive (1915) during the war.
Furious was laid down on 8 June 1915 at Armstrong Whitworth's Low Walker shipyard in Newcastle upon Tyne. The ship was launched on 18 August 1916 and commissioned on 26 June 1917. As completed, her complement numbered 737 officers and enlisted men.
Aircraft landing and the First World War
On 2 August 1917, while performing trials, Squadron Commander Edwin Dunning landed a Sopwith Pup, believed to have been N6453, successfully on board Furious, becoming the first person to land an aircraft on a moving ship. On 7 August, he made one more successful landing in the same manner, but on his third attempt, in Pup N6452, the engine choked and the aircraft crashed off the starboard bow, killing him. The deck arrangement was unsatisfactory because aircraft had to manoeuvre around the superstructure in order to land.
In the meantime, all three Courageous-class ships were assigned to the 1st Cruiser Squadron (CS) in October 1917 when the Admiralty received word of German ship movements on 16 October, possibly indicating a raid. Admiral Beatty, commander of the Grand Fleet, ordered most of his light cruisers and destroyers to sea in an effort to locate the enemy ships. Furious was detached from the 1st CS and ordered to sweep along the 56th parallel as far as 4° East and to return before dark. Her half-sisters HMS Courageous (50) and HMS Glorious were not initially ordered to sea, but were sent to reinforce the 2nd Light Cruiser Squadron patrolling the central part of the North Sea later that day. Two German light cruisers managed to slip through the gaps in the British patrols and destroyed the Scandinavia convoy during the morning of 17 October, but no word was received of the engagement until that afternoon. The 1st CS was ordered to attempt to intercept the German ships, but they proved to be faster than hoped and the British ships were unsuccessful.
Furious returned to the dockyard in November to have the aft turret removed and replaced by another deck for landing, giving her both a launching and a recovery deck. Two lifts (elevators) serving the hangars were also installed. Furious was recommissioned on 15 March 1918, and her embarked aircraft were used on anti-Zeppelin patrols in the North Sea after May. In July 1918, she flew off seven Sopwith Camels which participated in the Tondern raid, attacking the Zeppelin sheds there with moderate success.
Overview
Furious was laid up after the war, but was converted to an aircraft carrier with a continuous flight deck between June 1921 and September 1925. Her design was based on experience gained with the first two British carriers, HMS Argus (I49) and HMS Eagle (1918), although this was very limited as Argus was less than three years old and Eagle had only carried out 143 deck landings during her preliminary sea trials in 1920.
The ship's superstructure, masts, funnel and landing deck were removed and she was given a 576 by flight deck that extended over three-quarters of her length. This flight deck was not level; it sloped upwards about three-quarters of the way from the stern to help slow down landing aircraft, which had no brakes at that time. The fore-and-aft 320 ft arresting gear was not intended to stop landing aircraft—the landing speeds of the time were low enough that this was unnecessary given a good headwind—but rather to prevent aircraft from veering off to one side and potentially falling off the flight deck. Various designs for the flight deck were tested in a wind tunnel by the National Physical Laboratory which showed that the distinctive elliptical shape and rounded edges used minimised turbulence.
Furious was not lengthened, but her beam was increased 1 ft to 89 ft and her average draught was now 27 ft at deep load, 2 ft deeper than before the conversion. She displaced 22500 LT at normal load and 26500 LT at deep load, over 3000 long tons more than her previous displacement. Her metacentric height was 3.6 ft at deep load, a reduction of 1.48 ft after her conversion. During the ship's post-conversion sea trials she reached 30.03 kn. Her fuel capacity was increased by 700 LT during her reconstruction, which increased her range to 5300 nmi at a speed of 16 knots or 7480 nmi at a speed of 10 kn.
A two-level hangar was built under the flight deck, 15 ft in height per level. The lower hangar was 550 ft long by 35 - 50 ft wide and the upper was 520 by. Each hangar could be sectioned off by electrically operated steel shutters on rollers. Her boilers were ducted down the side of the ship to exhaust either out of gratings at the rear of the flight deck or, when landing operations were in progress, out of the side of the lower hangar at the rear of the ship. This solution proved to be very unsatisfactory as it consumed valuable space, made parts of the lower hangar unbearable and interfered with landing operations to a greater or lesser degree. Her original flying-off deck remained in place for use by small aircraft like fighters which improved launch and recovery cycle flexibility allowing the ship to simultaneously land aircraft on the main flight deck while fighters were taking off on the lower deck or to speedily fly off her aircraft from both decks. Doors at the forward end of the upper hangar opened onto the lower flying deck. Like Argus, Furious was flush-decked and lacked an island superstructure to minimise any turbulence over the flight deck; instead she had a navigating position at the leading edge of the flight deck, starboard, and was provided with a retractable charthouse forward, on the flight deck centreline. The ship could normally only carry about 36 aircraft.
Two 47 by lifts (elevators) were installed to transfer aircraft between the flight deck and hangars. No arresting gear was fitted and two 600 impgal ready-use petrol tanks were provided for aircraft and the ship's boats on the upper deck. An additional 20000 impgal of petrol were in bulk storage. In 1939, her complement consisted of 41 officers and 754 crewmen.
Armament
Furious retained ten of her original eleven breech-loading 5.5 in guns, five on each side, for self-defence from enemy warships. Six QF 4-inch Mark V guns replaced her original anti-aircraft guns. Four were mounted on the sides of the flying-off deck and two on the quarterdeck. The four guns on the flying-off deck were removed in 1926–27 for trials of the lower flight deck, but only two were replaced when the trials were concluded. Four single QF 2-pounder "pom-poms" were installed in 1927. During Furious's September 1930 – February 1932 refit, her anti-aircraft outfit was reinforced by the addition of two eight-barrel QF 2-pounder Mark V pom-pom mounts where the forward 4-inch guns on the flying-off deck had been removed earlier.
The 5.5-inch and 4-inch guns were replaced during her refit in early 1939 by a dozen QF 4-inch Mk XVI guns in twin dual-purpose Mark XIX mounts. One mount each was on the former flying-off deck and the quarterdeck while the other four were mounted two per side. Two more Mark V 2-pounder mounts were added fore and aft of the newly added island superstructure at the same time. While later refitting in the United States, the ship was fitted with a maximum of 22 manually operated automatic 20 mm Oerlikon light anti-aircraft guns, which replaced the single quadruple Vickers .50 machine gun mount.
A single High Angle Control System director was fitted on the island and another on an elevated mount on the former flying-off deck. Two pom-pom directors were also mounted on the island for the weapons mounted fore and aft of the island.
Pre-war service
Furious was assigned to the Atlantic Fleet after commissioning in 1925 although she spent much of the next several years conducting trials for practically every aircraft in the Fleet Air Arm (FAA) inventory. These included landing and flying-off tests of Fairey IIID and Fairey Flycatcher floatplanes, with and without wheels, to compare various designs of wooden and metal floats. The lower flight deck was greased to allow them to take off with a minimum of difficulty. A Flycatcher fitted with wooden skids was also tested and behaved perfectly satisfactorily. The arresting gear was barely used during these trials and it was removed shortly afterwards. Deck-edge palisades were installed in 1927 to keep aircraft from blowing over the side in rough weather. The first carrier night-landing was made by a Blackburn Dart on 6 May 1926 aboard Furious. In the 1920s, the ship commonly carried one flight of fighters (Fairey Flycatcher), two of spotters (Blackburn Blackburn or Avro Bison), one spotter reconnaissance (Fairey IIID) and two flights of torpedo bombers (Blackburn Dart), each usually of six aircraft.
Furious recommissioned in May 1932 as part of the Home Fleet with a reduced crew before being brought up to full complement in November. Transverse arresting gear was fitted sometime during the mid-1930s. She was detached to the Mediterranean Fleet from May to October 1934. Furious was present at the Coronation Fleet Review at Spithead on 20 May 1937 for George VI. She became a deck-landing training carrier in 1937, although she was refitted in Devonport between December 1937 and May 1938 where the forward end of her lower flight deck was raised to make her less wet forward. During the Munich Crisis in September 1938, the ship embarked 801, 821 and 822 Squadrons and joined the fleet at Scapa Flow, before resuming her training duties after the peaceful conclusion of the affair. She was struck a glancing blow by the destroyer HMS Encounter (H10) during this time, but suffered only minor damage.
From 1933 to the end of 1938 Furious carried 801 Squadron which initially flew a mixture of six Hawker Nimrod and three Flycatcher fighters. Hawker Osprey fighters replaced the Flycatchers in early 1934 and the Nimrods were withdrawn in October 1936. 811 and 822 Squadrons were embarked for reconnaissance and anti-shipping missions. They flew the Blackburn Ripon, the Blackburn Baffin and the Fairey Swordfish torpedo bombers and as well as the Fairey IIIF, the Fairey Seal and the Blackburn Shark reconnaissance aircraft.
The ship was given a more extensive refit from January to May 1939 that removed her 5.5-inch guns and palisades, mounted anti-aircraft guns on her lower flying-off deck, plated in the doors at the forward end of the upper hangar, and gave her a small island on the starboard side. Furious resumed her training duties after the completion of the refit and continued them until October 1939. As a deck-landing training carrier in 1939 Furious embarked 767 Squadron, flying Shark, Swordfish and Fairey Albacore torpedo bombers and reconnaissance aircraft, and 769 Squadron, flying Blackburn Skua, Blackburn Roc, and Gloster Sea Gladiator fighters.
Second World War
Furious remained on training duties, combined with anti-submarine sweeps off the east coast of Scotland until 2 October 1939. She was then assigned to the Home Fleet to replace the sunken Courageous and embarked nine Swordfish aircraft from 816 Squadron and a detachment of three more Swordfish from 818 Squadron. The ship sortied on 8 October with the fleet to unsuccessfully hunt for the GERMAN BATTLESHIP Gneisenau and escorting ships which had been spotted off southern Norway. After returning from this search, Furious departed her berth adjacent to the battleship HMS Royal Oak (08) in Scapa Flow for more futile searches for German ships on 13 October, the day before Royal Oak was sunk by GS U-47 (1938). Afterwards she was transferred to Halifax, Nova Scotia, where she and the battlecruiser HMS Repulse (1916) formed a hunting group for German raiders. Furious served as the flagship for the convoy bringing most of the 1st Canadian Infantry Division to Britain in mid-December 1939. In the darkness on 17 December, the west-bound ocean liner SS Samaria passed through the convoy unseen. She ripped off the horizontal wireless masts on Furious's starboard side, carried away five overhanging lifeboats from the port side of RMS Aquitania, and just missed the third and fourth ships in line.
Norwegian Campaign
Furious joined the Home Fleet off the coast of Norway on 10 April 1940 with only eighteen Swordfish from 816 and 818 Squadrons embarked; no fighters were able to join the ship in time. Sixteen Swordfish made unsuccessful torpedo attacks on German ships in Trondheim harbour the following morning. On 12 April, both squadrons attempted to attack German ships in Narvik in bad weather. Disappointed with the failure of the torpedo attacks the previous day, bombs were carried instead. 818 Squadron, making the first attack, damaged several captured Norwegian ships, but lost two aircraft to flak, although the crews were rescued by the British cruiser HMS Penelope (97) and the destroyer HMS Punjabi (F21). Following 40 minutes behind, 816 Squadron was forced to turn back by heavy weather. One aircraft was lost while landing, but the crew was recovered. Another attack was launched the next day in support of the British ships entering Narvik, but they contributed little and another pair of Swordfish were shot down.
After quick repairs, which included the removal of several rows of turbine blades, Furious returned to Norway on 18 May carrying the Gladiators of a reformed Royal Air Force 263 Squadron; they were flown off on 21 April once their base at Bardufoss was ready. One Gladiator and the guiding Swordfish crashed en route, killing all crewmen. The ship returned to Scapa Flow once all the Gladiators had been flown off, carrying only six Sea Gladiators of 804 Squadron and nine Swordfish of 816 Squadron for self-protection while ferrying 263 Squadron.
On 14 June, carrying only half of 816 Squadron for her own protection, Furious sailed unescorted for Halifax carrying £18,000,000 in gold bullion. On 1 July she escorted a convoy of Canadian troops bound for Iceland from Halifax and ferried over almost 50 aircraft with spare parts and munitions. On his own initiative, Captain Troubridge ordered all available space should be used to transport sugar to Britain. Upon her arrival, she embarked the rest of 816 Squadron, as well as nine Skuas of 801 Squadron and nine Swordfish of 825, and made a number of largely unsuccessful air strikes on shipping in Norwegian waters and on the seaplane base at Tromsø in September and October 1940, at a cost of several aircraft. Both Swordfish squadrons disembarked afterwards to make room as she prepared to resume her role as an aircraft transport.
Ferry duties
Furious loaded 55 aircraft, mostly crated Hawker Hurricane fighters of No. 73 Squadron RAF, in Liverpool on 7 November and sailed for Takoradi, Gold Coast on 15 November where they were flown off or off-loaded on 27 November with the ultimate destination of Egypt. During this time she retained only six Skuas of 801 Squadron for her own protection. Furious was back in Liverpool by 15 December where she embarked 40 more Hurricanes for Takoradi. She sailed on 21 December and joined up with Convoy WS5A and the small carrier Argus. The GERMAN CRUISER Admiral Hipper encountered the convoy on 25 December, but little damage was inflicted by Admiral Hipper before she was driven off by the escorts. No air strike could be flown against the German cruiser because the Swordfish were embarked in Argus with bombs that they could not carry and their torpedoes were aboard Furious. After Furious's Skuas had flown off to search for Hipper, space was made to land the Swordfish to load the torpedoes, but the Skuas could not locate Admiral Hipper because of the poor visibility. Furious reached Takoradi on 10 January 1941 and arrived back in Britain on 5 February where she was given a brief refit. She made another ferry trip to Takoradi on 4 March, carrying 12 Fairey Fulmars of 807 Squadron and six Swordfish of 825 Squadron for self-defence.
Furious now had a new destination for her ferry trips and she transported 24 Hurricanes to Gibraltar on 25 April where they were transferred to HMS Ark Royal (91) to be flown off for Malta. She sailed for a brief refit at Belfast immediately afterwards. While in Belfast she was hit by one small bomb and near-missed by two others during a German air raid in early May, but was only lightly damaged. The ship loaded another batch of 40 Hurricane IIs, plus nine Fulmars from 'X' Flight of 800 Squadron in Liverpool, and arrived back in Gibraltar on 18 May. Some of these fighters were moved to Ark Royal via planks between the flight decks of the carriers berthed stern to stern. This time she accompanied Ark Royal and the two carriers flew off their fighters from a position south of Sardinia. Furious loaded 48 more Hurricane IIs and arrived back in Gibraltar on 1 June where some of the fighters were transferred to Ark Royal. The two carriers departed Gibraltar on 4 June and flew off 44 of the 48 fighters. Furious returned to the Clyde for her biggest load of aircraft yet, 64 Hurricanes, leaving room for only nine Swordfish from 816 Squadron on this voyage. Upon her arrival on 25 June she transferred 22 Hurricanes to Ark Royal and that carrier flew them off to Malta the next day. Of the 42 Hurricanes left on Furious, 26 were moved to Ark Royal when she returned on 28 June. This time, however, both carriers sailed to deliver the fighters to their usual take-off point west of Sicily. The tenth of Furious's aircraft to take off crashed into her island, killing 14 men and starting a serious fire on the flight deck. The blocked flight deck forced the remaining six Hurricanes to remain on board and they were returned to Gibraltar. Furious exchanged 816 Squadron for 818 from Ark Royal, then departed for home.
In July, Furious embarked nine Fulmars of 800 Squadron, 'A' Flight of 880 Squadron with four Sea Hurricane IBs, nine Swordfish from 812 Squadron and nine Albacores of 817 Squadron to attack the German-occupied ports of Kirkenes, Norway, and Petsamo, Finland, departing Scapa Flow on the 23rd in company with the carrier HMS Victorious (R38), two cruisers and six destroyers. The two carriers and their escorts gathered in Seidisfjord, Iceland, under the command of Rear Admiral Wake-Walker where they refuelled in late July. Furious attacked ships in Petsamo on 30 July with all of her Swordfish and Albacores, escorted by six Fulmars and all four Sea Hurricanes, but there was very little shipping present. One small ship, MV Trotter, was sunk, several oil storage tanks were set afire, and several wooden jetties were torpedoed. The British ships had been spotted before the attack and two Fulmars and an Albacore were shot down by the alerted defences. Furious was short of fuel and had to leave shortly afterwards, but she transferred her Albacores to Victorious to fill up that carrier's decimated squadrons before she left. Sea Hurricanes of 880 Squadron shot down a shadowing Dornier Do 18 flying boat on 31 July as the ship was leaving.
On 30 August, Furious left Belfast with a load of 49 Hurricanes, carrying three Fulmars of 800 Squadron and four Sea Hurricane IBs of 880A Squadron for self-defence, and nine Swordfish of 812 Squadron for Ark Royal. She arrived in Gibraltar on 6 September and transferred 40 Hurricanes to the other carrier the next day. Ark Royal sailed for the departure point the following day, but could only fly off 14 Hurricanes because some of the Bristol Blenheim bombers used to guide the fighters to Malta failed to make their rendezvous. When Ark Royal returned, she transferred the six Swordfish of 810 Squadron to Furious and both carriers departed that same day to deliver the Hurricanes. This was Furious's last ferry mission as she was sent to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for a lengthy refit. She arrived on 7 October and did not return to the United Kingdom until April 1942.
Furious spent the next three months after her return working up. In August, she was detailed to accompany the convoy bound for Malta in Operation Pedestal, but she was only to sail far enough with them to allow her 38 Supermarine Spitfires to reach Malta. This she did, just as Eagle was torpedoed, but Furious turned around after flying off her fighters and reached Gibraltar successfully. She loaded another batch of 32 Spitfires on 16 August and they were flown off the following day south-east of the Balearic Islands. After this mission, Furious was sent back to the Home Fleet for training. One last mission was necessary to reinforce the defences of Malta before Operation Torch and the ship arrived at Gibraltar on 27 October. She loaded 32 Spitfires and launched them on 29 August before returning to Gibraltar and being assigned to Force H.
As part of Operation Torch, Furious embarked 12 Supermarine Seafire IBs of 801 Squadron, another 12 Seafire IICs of 807 Squadron and nine Albacores of 822 Squadron to provide air cover for the amphibious landings by the Central Task Force. On the morning of 8 November, Furious's Seafires strafed the Vichy French airfield at Tafraoui, destroying three aircraft on the ground and shooting down one Dewoitine D.520 fighter, the first air-to-air kill by a Seafire. Eight Albacores, escorted by Sea Hurricanes from two escort carriers, attacked the field at La Senia. They were attacked by D.520s as they began their attack dive, but they destroyed 47 aircraft on the ground despite the loss of an Albacore from anti-aircraft fire and the loss of three and damage to two more against the French fighters. Seafires of 807 Squadron from Furious covered the landings at Oran, engaging a flight of D.520s, shooting down three and destroying about twenty aircraft on the ground.
Home Waters
Furious remained with Force H until February 1943 before transferring to the Home Fleet where she remained for the rest of the war. In July, the fleet demonstrated off the coast of Norway in strength to distract attention from the Allied invasion of Sicily; Furious's role was to allow a German reconnaissance aircraft to spot the British ships and make a report, then shoot it down. She was refitted in August and spent the rest of the year training. During the passage of Convoy JW-57 from the U.K. to Russia in February 1944, Furious, escorted by the British battleship HMS Anson (79) and the FRENCH BATTLESHIP Richelieu, attacked German shipping off the Norwegian coast on 24 February. The carrier had the Seafire IBs of 801 Squadron aboard, plus the Fairey Barracuda torpedo bombers of 827 Squadron and 830 Squadrons. No aircraft were lost and a beached freighter was destroyed.
In preparation for Operation Tungsten, an attack on the GERMAN BATTLESHIP Tirpitz, Furious and Victorious exchanged Barracuda squadrons, 827 for 831 Squadron, so that the squadrons that trained together could fly together. Furious also embarked 880 Squadron with eight Seafire L.IIC fighters to reinforce the six Seafire IBs of 801 Squadron. On the morning of 3 April, 21 Barracudas of 827 and 830 Squadrons made the first attack just as the Tirpitz was getting under way for sea trials. The Germans were caught entirely by surprise and the Tirpitz's smokescreen was only just beginning to form. The British aircraft enjoyed a clear view of their target and hit the German battleship six times. An hour later the second wave of 19 Barracudas from 829 and 831 Squadrons arrived and scored eight more hits. Only one Barracuda was shot down from each wave and another crashed on take-off. 801 and 880 Squadrons were retained for fleet air defence during the operation. Tirpitzs superstructure and upper hull was moderately damaged by the bombs, but her machinery was intact because the Barracuda pilots pressed home their attack below the 3000 ft altitude necessary to give their 1600 lb armour-piercing bombs enough velocity to penetrate Tirpitzs main armoured deck. Nonetheless Tirpitz was under repair for three months.
The Home Fleet tried another attack on Tirpitz later on 23 April, but bad weather prevented any attack from being made that day and for the next several days. Instead, the aircraft attempted to attack installations at Bodø on 26 April, but found a German convoy instead and sank three ships. Furious and the escort carrier HMS Searcher (D40) attacked shipping in the vicinity of Kristiansund and sank the ore carrier Almora and the tanker Saarburg for the loss of two aircraft on 6 May. Another attack on Tirpitz by the Home Fleet had to be abandoned on 15 May because of poor weather. Yet another attempt on 28 May was foiled by bad weather, but a German convoy was successfully attacked on 1 June. One ammunition ship was sunk and two others were set on fire.
Furious and the fleet carriers HMS Formidable (67) and HMS Indefatigable (R10) made another attempt to sink the Tirpitz on 17 July, in Operation Mascot. For this attack the carrier embarked 880 Squadron with three Seafire L.IICs, 20 Grumman Hellcats of 1840 Squadron, Barracudas of 830 Squadron and three Swordfish of 842 Flight. The Barracudas, heavily loaded with bombs of up to 1600 lb, launched using a wooden ramp: an early example of what was to be later named the ski-jump. The attack was unsuccessful against the fully alerted German defences as a smokescreen covered the German battleship so that the Barracudas had to drop their bombs blindly through the smoke. Four more attacks on Tirpitz were made in August under the name of Operation Goodwood in a concerted effort to sink her. Furious carried twelve Seafire F.IIIs of 801 Squadron, another twelve Seafire L.IICs of 880 Squadron and nine Barracudas of 827 Squadron for this operation. The first attack on 20 August was recalled because of bad weather, but the attack on 22 August was spotted by the Germans and 11 aircraft were lost. Another attack was made two days later; one armour-piercing bomb penetrated Tirpitz's armoured deck but failed to detonate, and another 500 lb bomb did only superficial damage. A fourth attack was made on 29 August, but inflicted no damage.
By this time the ship's age and limitations became increasingly apparent and she was placed in reserve on 15 September 1944. The ship was paid off in April 1945 and, berthed at Loch Striven, was used to evaluate the effects of aircraft explosives on the ship's structure. Furious was sold in 1948 for scrap, and had been completely broken up in Troon by 1954.
>
Kampung Aman, Taiping
Kampung Aman merupakan sebuah kampung yang terletak di Taiping, dalam negeri Perak, iaitu sebuah negeri di Malaysia. .
Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Hang Kasturi
Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Hang Kasturi atau nama ringkasnya SMK Hang Kasturi, merupakan sebuah Sekolah menengah kebangsaan yang terletak di Masjid Tanah.
Kampung Aman, Taiping
Poskod
Poskod yang digunakan di Kampung Aman, Taiping, Perak ialah 34000.
Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Hang Kasturi
Pada 2009, Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Hang Kasturi memiliki 630 pelajar lelaki dan 476 pelajar perempuan, menjadikan jumlah keseluruhan murid seramai 1106 orang. Ia mempunyai seramai 80 orang guru.2009
Reckenroth
merupakan sebuah kawasan perbandaran terletak di daerah Rhein-Lahn-Kreis, Rhineland-Palatinate, Jerman.
Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Hang Kasturi
Sejarah
Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Hang Kasturi telah dibuka pada tahun 1976 di atas tapak tanah seluas 12.16 ekar. Apabila dibuka, sekolah ini dinamakan Sekolah Menengah Rendah Masjid Tanah. Pada awal penubuhannya, bilangan pelajar berjumlah 326 orang, 13 orang guru dan 5 orang kakitangan bukan guru.
Pada peringkat awal, pelajar-pelajar menumpang belajar di Sekolah Kebangsaan Masjid Tanah pada sesi petang iaitu melibatkan pelajar-pelajar kelas peralihan (2 kelas) dan tingkatan 1 (5 kelas).
Pada tahun 1988, kelas tingkatan 4 aliran sastera telah ditubuhkan di sekolah ini. Serentak dengan perkembangan tersebut, sekolah ini telah ditukar nama kepada Sekolah Menengah Masjid Tanah. Nama Sekolah Menengah Masjid Tanah tidak sesuai lagi dengan perkembangannya apabila ia telah memulakan kelas menengah atas.
Pada tahun 1990, nama sekolah ini sekali lagi mengalami perubahan apabila dengan rasmi dikenali sebagai Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Hang Kasturi, Masjid Tanah, Melaka.
Pada tahun 2002, dibina 2 blok bangunan tambahan iaitu 1 blok 4 tingkat untuk pentadbiran, kelas, bilik-bilik khas dan 1 blok 2 tingkat untuk makmal sains. Bangunan baru ini mula digunakan mulai 2004. Kini, terdapat 8 blok bangunan di sekolah ini.
Pada tahun 2003, mata pelajaran MPV Lanskap dan Nursery serta Katering dan Penyajian mula diajar dalam tingkatan 4. Seterusnya pada tahun 2007, mata pelajaran MPV Menservis Motosikal mula diajar dalam tingkatan 4. Sehingga November 2014, sekolah ini menampung pelajar seramai 955 orang murid dengan diterajui oleh pengetuanya iaitu Pn Noridah bt Ab. Rahim.
Terkini, sekolah telah mempunyai sebuah dewan terbuka yang dinamakan sebagai Dewan Terbuka Tan Sri Abd Rahim Tambichik yang telah dirasmikan oleh YBhg Dato' Seri Ab Rauf Jusoh, Setiausaha Kerja UMNO Malaysia pada 23 Mei 2017, Selasa pada jam 3.00 petang.
Senarai Pengetua
PENGETUA 2014 - KINI
Pelajar
Jumlah pelajar sekolah ini ialah seramai 986 orang. Mereka terdiri daripada kaum Melayu (84.2 %), Cina (10.9 %), India (4.6 %) dan lain-lain (0.3 %). Sekolah penyalur murid kepada sekolah ini ialah SK Sri Laksamana, SK Rantau Panjang, SK Bukit Beringin, SK Masjid Tanah, SK Thambi Chik Karim, SRJK(C) Masjid Tanah dan SRJK (T) Masjid Tanah.
Persekitaran
Sekolah ini terletak lebih kurang 2 km dari pekan Masjid Tanah. Kebanyakan pelajar sekolah ini berasal dari Kampong Solok Duku, Durian Daun, Paya Rumput, Londang, Bukit Beringin, Ayer Limau, Jeram dan Sri Tanjung. Persekitaran sekolah ini dikelilingi oleh kawasan perumahan seperti Taman Cahaya Emas, Taman Maju Jaya, Taman Sungai Baru dan lain-lain. Sekolah lain yang berada berhampiran dengan sekolah ini ialah SMK Sultan Alauddin, SMK Ghafar Baba, SK Sri Laksamana dan SRJK(C) Masjid Tanah.
Misi
Melestarikan sistem pendidikan yang berkualiti untuk membangunkan potensi individu bagi memenuhi aspirasi negara.
Tagline sekolah
Sederap Mencipta Kegemilangan:Hala tuju Kasturi
Lagu sekolah
SMK Hang Kasturi
Kebanggaan kita bersama
Pelajarmu berbilang bangsa
Namamu harum sentiasa
Usaha jaya bahagia
Berilmu tinggi berakhlak mulia
Menjadi insan yang takwa
Kami pelajar semua
Harapan nusa dan bangsa
Majulah sekolah kita
Pencapaian
Pada pertengahan 2015, Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Hang Kasturi ialah sekolah menengah yang pertama di negeri Melaka yang dipilih oleh Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia untuk mengikuti Program Transformasi Sekolah (fasa 1). Program Transformasi Sekolah dijalankan pada awal tahun 2016.
Program Transformasi Sekolah 2025 (TS25) merupakan sebahagian daripada usaha Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia ke arah meningkatkan kemenjadian murid dan sekolah berkualiti.
Sekolah Kebangsaan Kepawa
Sekolah Kebangsaan Kepawa atau nama ringkasnya SK Kepawa, merupakan sebuah Sekolah kebangsaan yang terletak di Peti Surat 77.
Pada 2009, Sekolah Kebangsaan Kepawa memiliki 27 pelajar lelaki dan 23 pelajar perempuan, menjadikan jumlah keseluruhan murid seramai 50 orang. Ia mempunyai seramai 12 orang guru.2009
Francisco Trincão
Francisco António Machado Mota de Castro Trincão (lahir 29 Disember 1999) adalah pemain bola sepak profesional Portugal yang bermain sebagai pemain sayap untuk kelab Liga Perdana Inggeris, Wolverhampton Wanderers, secara pinjaman dari pasukan Sepanyol Barcelona, dan pasukan kebangsaan Portugal.
The Avengers (filem 1998)
The Avengers ("Pembalas Dendam") ialah sebuah filem aksi dan risijan Amerika Syarikat tahun 1998 arahan Jeremiah S. Chechik serta dibintangi Ralph Fiennes, Uma Thurman dan Sean Connery. Ia merupakan adaptasi siri televisyen British berjudul sama dihasilkan Associated British Corporation (kemudiannnya Thames Television).
Mukim Triang, Pahang
Mukim Triang merupakan pecahan kawasan pentadbiran bagi negeri Pahang.
The Avengers (filem 1998)
Ringkasan
Dua agen British (John Steed dan Emma Peel) bekerjasama bagi menghentikan Sir August De Wynter dari membinasakan dunia dengan mesin penukar cuaca.
Mukim Triang, Pahang
Pahang dibahagikan kepada beberapa buah daerah dan setiap daerah dibahagikan kepada beberapa mukim (subdaerah/subdistrict).
Pentadbiran
Mukim Triang merupakan salah sebuah mukim yang terdapat dalam negeri Pahang, dan juga merupakan satu dari mukim yang terletak dalam pentadbiran Daerah Bera.
One Buck Short
Sejarah awal
Diasaskan oleh Hafiz (dahulunya pemain gitar bass, menjalani kerahan tenaga di Singapura buat seketika) dan Rahul Kukreja (gitar) sewaktu sekolah menengah, kumpulan berempat yang merupakan pelajar APIIT dan Institut Help dan menggemari muzik punk pop So-Cal mula bermain muzik di acara sekolah dan pertandingan kugiran sebelum muncul di persada muzik tanahair. Hafiz sekarang di Malaysia, namun tugasnya sebagai pemain bass diambil alih oleh Izal.
Where is the Mouse?
Single pertamanya "That Day" dari EP mereka Where Is The Mouse?! mampu mencecah kedudukan lima teratas dalam carta Hitz.fm Malaysian Top 10 dan kumpulan ini ketika itu sedang mempromosikan keluaran mereka melalui persembahan di pertunjukan bawah tanah berprofil rendah serta acara terkemuka seperti pesta Rock the World dan Asian X Games. Sekitar tahun 2004, kugiran ini menulis lagu Christmas Morning untuk tujuan amal (melalui MusicCanteen Christmas Album). Kumpulan ini juga dicalonkan untuk Artis Baru Terbaik pada Hitz.FM Malaysian English Top 10 Awards yang pertama.
Kumpulan ini juga pernah dicalonkan untuk kategori Rock Terbaik dan Persembahan Live Terbaik untuk Malaysian English Top 10 Awards kedua pada 10 Disember 2006.
Halal & Loving It
Single pertama kumpulan ini dari album terkini akan datang Halal & Loving It, "Fast Times", sedang disiarkan di radio. Album ini diterbit oleh Clockwork Records dan dikeluarkan pada tahun 2007.
Kampung Air Terjun, Cherang Ruku
Kampung Air Terjun merupakan sebuah kampung yang terletak di Cherang Ruku, dalam negeri Kelantan Darul Naim, iaitu sebuah negeri di utara  Malaysia. Kelantan merupakan sebuah negeri di utara Malaysia, dengan keluasan lebih kurang 14,922 km². Ia terletak di timur laut Semenanjung Malaysia, berhadapan dengan Laut China Selatan, dan bersempadan dengan Provinsi Narathiwat, Thailand. Kelantan ialah sebuah negeri agraria (pertanian) yang mempunyai banyak kawasan tanaman padi dan perkampungan nelayan.
Poskod
Poskod yang digunakan di Kampung Air Terjun, Cherang Ruku, Kelantan adalah 16700.
Pelancongan di Syria
thumb|right|300px|alt=Kubu kota Aleppo purba, menghadap ke bandar moden|Aleppo lama dan baru thumb|Bilangan ketibaan pelancong asing di Syria Walaupun Syria mempunyai beberapa bandar tertua di Asia Barat, seperti Damsyik dan Aleppo (Tapak Warisan Dunia UNESCO), pelancongan di Syria telah banyak berkurangan akibat daripada Perang Syria, yang bermula pada 2011 dan sedang berjalan, serta berkaitan dengannya krisis pelarian. Pelancongan telah terus terjejas oleh wabak COVID-19 bermula pada Mac 2020. Sekatan ekonomi antarabangsa yang dikenakan ke atas Syria dan penurunan mendadak dalam nilai paun Syria juga memberi kesan buruk kepada pelancongan di Syria. Kementerian Pelancongan adalah jabatan kerajaan yang bertanggungjawab.
Sebelum bermulanya Perang Saudara Syria, 8.5 juta pelancong melawat Syria pada 2010, yang membawa masuk hasil pelancong dianggarkan LS 30.8 bilion (AS$8.4 bilion, pada kadar 2010), dan menyumbang 14% daripada ekonomi negara. Menjelang 2015, bilangan pelancong telah menurun lebih daripada 98%, kepada 170,000.
Banyak tarikan pelancong telah rosak atau musnah akibat tembakan, penerbangan oleh semua syarikat penerbangan utama telah digantung, dan banyak hotel pelancong utama telah ditutup. Dianggarkan bahawa pelaburan yang besar akan diperlukan untuk memulihkan industri pelancongan Syria.
Princess Cyd
Princess Cyd merupakan filem Amerika Syarikat 2017 yang ditulis dan diarahkan oleh Stephen Cone. Filem ini dibintangi oleh Rebecca Spence, Jessie Pinnick, dan Malic White.
San Martín de Rubiales
San Martín de Rubiales merupakan sebuah kawasan perbandaran di Sepanyol di Burgos, di komuniti autonomi Castile dan León.
Saint-Bazile-de-la-Roche
Saint-Bazile-de-la-Roche ialah komun di jabatan Corrèze di tengah Perancis.
Pekan Durian Tawar
Pekan Durian Tawar merupakan pecahan kawasan pentadbiran bagi negeri Pahang.
Pahang dibahagikan kepada beberapa buah daerah dan setiap daerah dibahagikan kepada beberapa mukim (subdaerah/subdistrict).
Pentadbiran
Pekan Durian Tawar merupakan salah sebuah mukim yang terdapat dalam negeri Pahang, dan juga merupakan satu dari mukim yang terletak dalam pentadbiran Daerah Bera.
Shibata Ayumi
Shibata Ayumi adalah salah seorang anggota dari kumpulan Melon Kinenbi. Beliau juga menganggotai di dalam Pasukan Futsal Gatas Brilhantes H.P..
Bandar Triang
Bandar Triang merupakan pecahan kawasan pentadbiran bagi negeri Pahang.
Pahang dibahagikan kepada beberapa buah daerah dan setiap daerah dibahagikan kepada beberapa mukim (subdaerah/subdistrict).
Pentadbiran
Bandar Triang merupakan salah sebuah mukim yang terdapat dalam negeri Pahang, dan juga merupakan satu dari mukim yang terletak dalam pentadbiran Daerah Bera.
Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
Bissau ialah ibu negara Guinea-Bissau. Sempadan bandar ini bertindan dengan Sektor Autonomi Bissau. Bandar ini yang terletak di muara Sungai Geba, berhampiran Lautan Atlantik, ialah bandar terbesar dan pelabuhan utama Guinea-Bissau.
Orăştioara de Sus
Orăştioara de Sus merupakan sebuah komun yang terletak di wilayah Hunedoara, Romania.
Batpakty
Batpakty merupakan sebuah kampung yang terletak di kawasan Wilayah Aktobe di barat Kazakhstan.
Efedrina
Efidrina ialah alkaloid yang dihasilkan daripada sejenis pokok renek dari keluarga Ephedraceae, yang dikenali sebagai ephedra. Efidrina mempunyai kaitan yang rapat dengan metamfetamina dan fetalamina yang lain.
Dadah ini merupakan peransang yang bertindak ke atas sistem sarat pusat, dan selalunya digunakan sebagai ubat bius. Ia juga digunakan dalam rawatan asma, tetapi tidak disyorkan sebagai rawatan utama. Keboleh efedrina bagi rawatan hidung tersumbat (akibat selsema teruk atau flu) adalah tidak jelas.
Efidrina juga agak terkenal sebagai produk pengawal berat badan yang mana FDA menganggap boleh mengancam kesihatan manusia. Malahan baru baru ini FDA telah mengharamkan semua makanan tambahan yang mengandungi efidrina.
Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Tebong
Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Tebong atau nama ringkasnya SMK Tebong, merupakan sebuah Sekolah menengah kebangsaan yang terletak di Jalan Tebong.
Pada 2009, Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Tebong memiliki 213 pelajar lelaki dan 212 pelajar perempuan, menjadikan jumlah keseluruhan murid seramai 425 orang. Ia mempunyai seramai 40 orang guru.2009
Rettert
merupakan sebuah kawasan perbandaran terletak di daerah Rhein-Lahn-Kreis, Rhineland-Palatinate, Jerman.
Cibitung Kulon
Cibitung Kulon merupakan sebuah desa yang terletak dalam (daerah) kecamatan Pamijahan, Kabupaten Bogor, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Indonesia.
Poskod
Poskod yang digunakan di Cibitung Kulon adalah 16810. Terdapat buah desa di dalam daerah kecamatan Pamijahan.
Roth, Rhein-Lahn
Roth merupakan sebuah kawasan perbandaran terletak di daerah Rhein-Lahn-Kreis, Rhineland-Palatinate, Jerman.
Kyselovice
Kyselovice merupakan sebuah kampung dan kawasan perbandaran yang terletak di daerah Kroměříž, wilayah Zlín, Republik Czech.
Tengkudak
Tengkudak merupakan sebuah desa/kelurahan yang terletak dalam (daerah) kecamatan Penebel, Kabupaten Tabanan, Wilayah Bali, Indonesia.
Poskod
Poskod yang digunakan di Tengkudak adalah 82152. Terdapat 18 buah desa/kelurahan di dalam daerah kecamatan Penebel.
Sejarah New South Wales
Sejarah kuno
kanan|thumb|195x195px|[[Petroglif di Taman Negara Ku-ring-gai Chase, Sydney.]] Orang pertama yang menduduki kawasan yang kini dikenali sebagai New South Wales ialah Orang Asli Australia. Kehadiran mereka di Australia bermula kira-kira 40,000-60,000 tahun yang lalu dengan kedatangan nenek moyang mereka dengan perahu dari apa yang sekarang menjadi Indonesia. Keturunan mereka bergerak ke selatan dan, walaupun tidak banyak jumlahnya, menduduki semua kawasan di Australia, termasuk yang akan menjadi New South Wales.
Nassau (Verbandsgemeinde)
Nassau merupakan sebuah kawasan perbandaran terletak di daerah Rhein-Lahn-Kreis, Rhineland-Palatinate, Jerman.
Sejarah New South Wales
Sejarah kuno
Mungo Man dan mayat lain ditemui di Tasik Mungo yang kering di New South Wales, kira-kira 3000 km di selatan Pantai Utara Australia, dan ditarikhkan kira-kira 40,000 tahun yang lalu. Manusia awal ini kelihatan telah dikuburkan dengan iringan upacara dan telah ditemui dekat dengan alat-alat batu dan tulang-tulang mega fauna yang kini telah pupus (seperti kanggaru dan wombat gergasi). Ini adalah sisa manusia terawal yang ditemui di Australia, walaupun pentarikhan yang tepat adalah sukar dan diperdebatkan. Mereka walau bagaimanapun mengesahkan bahawa New South Wales didiami beberapa puluhan ribu tahun sebelum kedatangan Armada Pertama British pada ketika cuaca telah didiami manusia yang menjalankan beberapa amalan keagamaan dan seni terawal mereka. Contoh alat batu Aborigin dan seni Aborigin (sering mencatat cerita-cerita agama Dreamtime) boleh didapati di seluruh New South Wales: walaupun dalam metropolis Sydney moden, seperti di Taman Negara Ku-ring-gai Chase.
Pengisytiharan James Cook 1770
Pada 1770, Leftenan (kemudian Kapten) James Cook, yang mengepalai HMS Endeavour, berlayar di sepanjang pantai timur Australia, menjadi orang Eropah yang pertama dikenali untuk berbuat demikian. Pada 19 April 1770, anak kapal Endeavor melihat pantai timur Australia dan sepuluh hari kemudian mendarat di sebuah teluk di selatan Sydney. Ahli alamiah kapal, Sir Joseph Banks, sangat kagum dengan jumlah flora dan fauna yang sehingga ketika itu tidak diketahui oleh sains di Eropah, lalu Cook menamakan teluk itu Botany Bay. Cook mencatatkan pantai timurya hingga ke takat utara dan, pada 22 Ogos, di Pulau Possession di Selat Torres, Cook menulis dalam jurnalnya: "Saya kini sekali lagi mengangkat Inggeris Coulers Inggeris [sic] dan atas Nama Baginda Raja George Ketiga, mengambil alih seluruh Pantai Timur dari atas Latitud 38°S hingga tempat ini dengan nama New South Wales." Nama ini telah digunakan di pantai barat Teluk Hudson, Kanada, yang telah dipanggil New South Wales sempena tanah asalnya, oleh Welshman Thomas James pada 20 Ogos 1631, semasa pelayaran untuk mencari Laluan Barat Laut ke Laut Selatan. 139 tahun kemudian James Cook memberi nama yang sama, tanpa penjelasan, kepada pantai timur New Holland. Cook dan Banks kemudian melaporkan dengan baik ke London mengenai kemungkinan menubuhkan jajahan British di Botany Bay. Kerajaan Great Britain menjadi kuasa pertama Eropah untuk menuntut secara rasmi mana-mana kawasan di tanah besar Australia. "New South Wales", seperti yang ditakrifkan oleh pengisytiharan Cook, meliputi kebanyakan kawasan timur Australia, dari 38°S 145°E (berhampiran tempat Mordialloc, Victoria), ke hujung Cape York, dengan sempadan barat yang tidak ditentukan. Dengan implikasi, pengisytiharan itu mengkecualikan: Van Diemen's Land (kemudian Tasmania), yang telah dituntut oleh Belanda oleh Abel Tasman pada tahun 1642; sebahagian kecil dari selatan tanah besar 38° (kemudian selatan Victoria) dan; pantai barat benua (kemudian Australia Barat), yang Jean Mengaud, seorang pegawai Louis de Saint Aloüarn secara rasminya menuntut untuk Perancis pada tahun 1772 — walaupun telah dipetakan sebelumnya oleh pelaut Belanda.
Institusi kewangan antarabangsa
Institusi kewangan antarabangsa (IFI, akronim bahasa Inggeris: international financial institution) ialah institusi kewangan yang telah ditubuhkan (atau dipiagamkan) oleh lebih daripada satu negara, dan oleh itu tertakluk pada undang-undang antarabangsa. Pemiliknya atau pemegang saham umumnya kerajaan negara, walaupun lembaga-lembaga antarabangsa lain dan pertubuhan lain kadang-kadang dipandang sebagai pemegang saham. IFI yang paling menonjol ialah ciptaan pelbagai negara, walaupun beberapa institusi kewangan dua hala (diwujudkan oleh dua negara) wujud dan teknikal IFI. IFI yang paling terkenal telah ditubuhkan selepas Perang Dunia II untuk membantu dalam pembinaan semula Eropah dan menyediakan mekanisme untuk kerjasama antarabangsa dalam menguruskan sistem kewangan global.
Bahasa Turki
Bahasa Turki (Türkçe) ialah salah satu daripada bahasa-bahasa Turkik yang dituturkan aslinya di Turki, Cyprus, Bulgaria, Yunani dan negara-negara lain yang pernah ditakluk Empayar Uthmaniyah, baik juga oleh beberapa juta emigran dalam Kesatuan Eropah. Bilangan penutur asli adalah tidak pasti, berpunca terutamanya daripada kekurangan data bahasa minoriti dari Turki. Rajah dari 60 juta digunakan di sini menganggap bahawa Turki ialah bahasa ibunda kepada 80% populasi Turkish, dengan Kurdi sebagai yang terbanyak kepada yang selebihnya. Bagaimanapun, majoriti besar dari minoriti linguistik di Turki berdwibahasa, menuturkan Turki sebagai bahasa kedua.