cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Tuntung biasa
Pusat Konservasi Tuntung
Pusat Konservasi Hidupan Liar Tuntung di Bota, Perak terletak di Kampung Bota Kanan, daerah Perak Tengah iaitu kira-kira 50 km dari Bandar Ipoh. Pusat yang ditubuhkan pada 1968 adalah sama dengan majlis yang berlangsung pada tahun 1630-an di mana Sultan Perak ketika itu Sultan Mudzaffar Shah II melepaskan tuntung ke Sungai Perak. Tujuan pusat ini ditubuhkan adalah untuk memulihara tuntung melalui pengumpulan dan penetasan telur.
Kedai makan
Pengendali kedai makan dikenali sebagai seorang restauranteur; perkataan yang asalnya dari kata kerja bahasa Perancis restaurer.
Tuntung biasa
Pusat Konservasi Tuntung
Tuntung sungai (Batagur baska) dan tuntung laut (Batagur borneoensis) merupakan spesies reptilia yang di pelihara di kolam-kolam pembiakan di pusat konservasi ini. Spesies tuntung ini dipelihara dan dibiakkan bagi mengelak kepupusan akibat aktiviti-aktiviti pengambilan pasir sungai yang tidak terkawal. Pasir sungai merupakan komponen utama di dalam habitat semula jadi spesies ini. Pusat Konservasi Hidupan Liar Bota Kanan merupakan pusat pemuliharaan tuntung yang terbesar dengan bilangan mencapai 1356 ekor. Selain menjadi kawasan bagi pemuliharaan, ia juga merupakan pusat penyelidikan bagi penyelidik dari dalam dan luar negara terutamanya bagi pelajar-pelajar yang meminati spesies hidupan liar ini. Telur-telur tuntung yang diperolehi pada setiap musim bertelur akan dieramkan secara semula jadi di dalam kawasan berpasir yang terdapat di sekitar kawasan pusat pemuliharaan. Tempoh masa pengeraman telur-telur tuntung ini antara 75 hingga 100 hari. Terdapat sepuluh buah kolam pembiakan tuntung, di mana setiap kolam pembiakan ini memelihara tuntung mengikut peringkat umur masing-masing bermula daripada umur sehari penetasan sehingga umur dewasa. Tuntung tertua yang terdapat di sini berusia 37 tahun.
Kedai makan
Sejarah
Kedai makan dikembangkan pada abad ke-13 di Hangchow, sebuah pusat kebudayaan, politik dan perekonomian semasa Wangsa Sung di Cina. Dengan penduduk yang lebih dari 1 juta orang, sebuah budaya hospitality dan wang kertas, Hangchow adalah masak untuk pembangunan kedai makan. Kemungkinan dibesarkan dari rumah teh dan taverns yang dicaterkan ke para pegembara, kedai makan Hangchow mengembangkan ke sebuah industri yang cater untuk orang tempatan juga. Kedai makan cater ke berlainan jenis masakan, pendakap harga, dan keperluaan keagamaan. Walaupun dalam satu kedai makan ada banyak pilihan, sebuah account dari 1275 menuliskan tentang kedai makan Hangchow:
Di Barat pula, sementara rumah penginapan dan tavern telah diketahui dari <!--antiquity, these were establishments aimed at travellers, and in general locals would rarely eat there. Restaurants, as businesses dedicated to the serving of food, and where specific dishes are ordered by the guest and generally prepared according to this order, emerged only in the 18th century. According to the Guinness Book of Records, the Sobrino de Botin in Madrid, Spain is the oldest restaurant in existence today. It opened in 1725. The term restaurant (from the Perancis restaurer, to restore) first appeared in the 16th century, meaning "a food which restores", and referred specifically to a rich, highly flavoured soup. It was first applied to an eating establishment in around 1765 founded by a Parisian soup-seller named Boulanger. The first restaurant in the form that became standard (customers sitting down with individual portions at individual tables, selecting food from menus, during fixed opening hours) was the Grand Taverne de Londres, founded in 1782 by a man named Beauvilliers.
Restaurants became commonplace in France after the French Revolution broke up catering guilds and forced the aristocracy to flee, leaving a retinue of servants with the skills to cook excellent food; whilst at the same time numerous provincials arrived in Paris with no family to cook for them. Restaurants were the means by which these two could be brought together — and the French tradition of dining out was born. In this period the star chef Auguste Escoffier, often credited with founding classic French cuisine, flourished, becoming known as the "Cook of Kings and the King of Cooks."
Restaurants then spread rapidly across the world, with the first in the United States (Jullien's Restarator) opening in Boston in 1794. Most however continued on the standard approach (Service à la française) of providing a shared meal on the table to which customers would then help themselves, something which encouraged them to eat rather quickly. The modern formal style of dining, where customers are given a plate with the food already arranged on it, is known as Service à la russe, as it is said to have been introduced to France by the Russian Prince Kurakin in the 1810s, from where it spread rapidly to England and beyond.
Jenis-jenis kedai makan
Restaurants range from unpretentious lunching or dining places catering to people working nearby, with simple food served in simple settings at low prices, to expensive establishments serving refined food and wines in a formal setting. In the former case, customers usually wear casual clothing. In the latter case, depending on culture and local traditions, customers might wear semi-casual, semi-formal, or even in rare cases formal wear.
Typically, customers sit at tables, their orders are taken by a waiter, who brings the food when it is ready, and the customers pay the bill before leaving. In finer restaurants there will be a host or hostess or even a maître d'hôtel to welcome customers and to seat them. Other staff waiting on customers include busboys and sommeliers.
Depending on local custom, a tip of varying proportions of the bill (often 10–20%) may be added, which (usually) goes to the staff rather than the restaurant. This gratuity might be added directly to the bill or it may be given voluntarily.
Restaurants often specialise in certain types of food or present a certain unifying, and often entertaining, theme. For example, there are seafood restaurants, vegetarian restaurants or ethnic restaurants. Generally speaking, restaurants selling "local" food are simply called restaurants, while restaurants selling food of foreign origin are called accordingly, for example, a Chinese restaurant and a French restaurant..
Depending on local customs and the establishment, restaurants may or may not serve alcoholic beverages. Restaurants are often prohibited from selling alcohol without a meal by alcohol sale laws; such sale is considered to be activity for bars, which are meant to have more severe restrictions. Some restaurants are licensed to serve alcohol ("fully licensed"), and/or permit customers to "bring your own" alcohol (BYO / BYOB).--->
Brasserie, bistro, pub
Di Perancis, sebuah brasserie ialah kedai kopi doubling sebagai sebuah kedai makan dan mengkhidmatkan lauk single dan makanan lain dengan cara relaxed setting. Sebuah bistro adalah nama mirip dengan sebuah kedai kopi mengkhidmatkan harga makanan sederhana dalam unpretentious setting, terutamanya di Paris; bistro telah menjadi lebih masyur dengan golangan para pelancong.
Kereta makan minum
Sebuah kereta makan minum ({{Jawi|كريتا كداي ماكن ) (Inggeris British: kereta kedai makan) atau diner (tetapi bukan "kereta diner," kecuali dalam bahasa yang tidak diberitahu) ialah sebuah kereta penumpang landasan keretapi yang berkhidmat makanan dan minuman di keretapi dalam gaya sebuah perkid, kedai makan duduk. Ia berlainan dari jenis-jenis kereta perkidmatan-makanan yang tidak mengikut perkhidmatan-penuh pengalaman kedai makan, utamanya kereta berbagai jenis yang seorang membeli makanan dari kaunter walk-up untuk dimakan sama ada dalam kereta atau tempat lain di keretapi. Sementara kereta makan minum menjadi kurang umum sekarang daripada waktu dahulu, ia masih memainkan peranan penting pada landasan keretapi berpenumpang, terutamanya pada keretapi perjalanan sederhana dan lama.
Kedai makanan segera
Di A.S., Kedai makanan segera dan bawa pulang telah menjadi sangat tular meluas yang sejenis piawai tradisional, sekarang kadang-kadang ianya dirujukkan sebagai sebuah kedai makan duduk (sebuah retronym).
<!--=== Cara keluarga === "Cara keluarga", atau kadangkala dipanggil table d’hôte ("meja tuan rumah") di Perancis, are restaurants that have a fixed menu and fixed price, usually with dinners seated at a communal table such as on bench seats. More common in the 19th and early 20th century, they can still be found in rural communities, or as theme restaurants, or in vacation lodges. There is no menu to choose from, rather food is brought out in courses, usually with communal serving dishes, like at a family meal. Typical examples can include crab-houses, German-style beer halls, BBQ restaurants, hunting/fishing lodges. Some normal restaurants will mix elements of family style, such as a table salad or bread bowl that is included as part of the meal.
Bantuan memilih restoran
Restaurant guides list the best places to eat. One of the most famous of these, in Western Europe, is the Michelin series of guides which accord from 1 to 3 stars to restaurants they perceive to be of high culinary merit. Restaurants with stars in the Michelin guide are formal, expensive establishments; in general the more stars awarded, the higher the prices. In the United States, the Mobil Travel Guides and the AAA rate restaurants on a similar 1 to 5 star (Mobil) or diamond (AAA) scale. Three, four, and five star/diamond ratings are roughly equivalent to the Michelin one, two, and three star ratings while one and two star ratings typically indicate more casual places to eat. In 2005, Michelin released a New York City guide, its first for the United States. The popular Zagat Survey compiles individuals' comments about restaurants but does not pass an "official" critical assessment. The Good Food Guide, published by the Fairfax Newspaper Group in Australia, is the Australian guide listing the best places to eat. Chefs Hats are awarded for outstanding resturants and range from one hat through three hats. The Good Food Guide also incorporates guides to bars, cafes and providores. It is released yearly.
Nearly all major American newspapers employ restaurant critics and publish online dining guides for the cities they serve. American newspaper restaurant critics typically visit dining establishments anonymously and return several times so as to sample the entire menu. Newspaper restaurant guides, therefore, tend to provide the most thorough coverage of various cities' dining options.--->
Ekonomi
Dalam ekonomi, kedai makan ialah hujung rantaian bekalan dalam industri perkhidmatan makanan. Biasanya ada banyak pertandingan di kebanyakan bandar sejak sekatan pada kemasukan agak rendah, yang bermakna untuk kebanyakan kedai makan, ia susah untuk mendapat keuntungan. Pada banyak negara-negara perindustrian Dunia Pertama, kedai-kedai makan diberikan undang-undang yang berat untuk memastikan kesihatan dan keselamatan.
Pemilik kedai makan tipikal memandang banyak perhadangan ke kemajuan, termasuk menaikkan modal awal, mencarikan buruh mahir dan cekap, menjaga tekal dan kelazatan kualiti makanan, menjaga taraf keselamatan yang tinggi, dan kesusahan sentiasanya pada mengurangi tanggung jawab potensi untuk sebarang racun makanan atau kemalangan yang boleh terjadi.
Tambahnya lagi, apabila keadaan ekonomi berubah-contohnya kenaikkan pada harga-harga minyak rumah biasanya membelanja kurang pada makan luar.
Pada tahun 2006, ada kira-kiranya 215,000 kedai makan perkhidmatan-penuh di Amerika Syarikat, berbilangan $298 billion, dan sekurang-kurangya 250,000 kedai makan (makan segera) perkhidmatan-terhad, berbilangan $260 billion, menurut 2006 U.S. Industry & Market Outlook by Laporan Barnes.
Munting Mapino
Munting Mapino adalah barangay yang terletak di perbandaran Naic, Cavite, Filipina.
Pembahagian barrio
Munting Mapino terbahagi kepada 8 barrio, iaitu:
Kota Bawah Barat, Sukakarya, Sabang
Kota Bawah Barat merupakan sebuah kelurahan yang terletak di kecamatan Sukakarya, Kota Sabang, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, Indonesia.
Lithuania
Lithuania (Bahasa Lithuania: Lietuva) atau secara rasminya Republik Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika) ialah sebuah negara yang terletak di timur laut Eropah. Lithuania merupakan salah satu daripada negara-negara Baltik dan bersempadan dengan Latvia di utara, Belarus di tenggara, Poland di selatan dan Russia di barat daya.
Demografi
Sejak zaman Neolitik, penduduk peribumi Lithuania tidak digantikan oleh mana-mana kumpulan etnik, jadi besar kemungkinan penduduk Lithuania sekarang mempunyai genetik daripada nenek moyang mereka. Penduduk Lithuania tidak mempunyai perbezaan genetik yang agak ketara antara kumpulan etnik. Kajian pada 2004 mendedahkan MtDNA rakyat Lithuania mirip kepada orang Slav dan Finno-Ugrik yang tinggal di utara dan timur Eropah. Kajian juga menunjukkan kromosom-Y orang Lithuania mirip kepada orang Latvia dan Estonia.
Berdasarkan anggaran pada tahun 2014, kumpulan umur penduduk ialah: 0-14 tahun, 13.5% (lelaki 243,001/perempuan 230,674); 15-64 tahun: 69.5% (lelaki 1,200,196/perempuan 1,235,300); 65 tahun dan ke atas: 16.8% (lelaki 207,222/perempuan 389,345). Umur median ialah 41.2 tahun (lelaki:38.5/perempuan:43.7).
Lithuani mempunyai kadar kelahiran yang rendah; jumlah kadar kelahiran di Lithuania ialah 1.59 kanak-kanak untuk setiap wanita (2015). Pada 2014, 29% kelahiran adalah dari wanita yang tidak berkahwin. Umur semasa perkahwinan pada 2013 ialah 27 bagi wanita dan 29.3 bagi lelaki.
Kumpulan etnik
Etnik lithuania mewakili sekitar lima per enam daripada penduduk negara. Berdasarkan bancian pasa tahun 2011, populasi Lithuania 3,043,400, 84% daripadanya etnik Lithuania yang bertutur dalam bahasa Lithuania, bahasa rasmi negara. Etnik-etnik minoriti yang wujud ialah Poland (6.6%), Rusia (5.8%), Belarus (1.2%) dan Ukraine (0.5%).
Bahasa
Bahasa rasmi ialah Bahasa Lithuania, bahasa lain seperti Rusia, Poland, Belarus dan Ukraine dituturkan di bandar-bandar besar, di daerah Salcininkai dan Vilnius. Bahasa Yiddish dituturkan oleh komuniti kecil Yahudi di Lithuania. Berdasarkan bancian Lithuania pada 2001, sekitar 84% populasi bertutur dalam Bahasa Lithuania sebagai bahasa asli mereka, 8% pula penutur Bahasa Russia dan 6% dalam bahasa Poland. Berdasarkan kajian pada 2012, 80% penduduk Lithuania boleh bertutur dalam Bahasa Russia dan 38% boleh bertutur dalam Bahasa Inggeris. Kebanyakan sekolah di Lithuania mengajar Bahasa Inggeris sebagai bahasa asing pertama, tetapi pelajar juga boleh belajar Bahasa Jerman, Perancis dan Rusia. Sekolah yang menggunakan Bahasa Rusia dan Poland sebagai bahasa pengantar juga wujud di kawasan yang diduduki oleh etnik minoriti ini.
Agama
Bancian pada 2011 menunjukkan 77.2% rakyat Lithuania ialah penganut Roman Katholik. Agama ini menjadi mazhab majoriti sejak kristianisasi Lithuania pada akhir kurun ke-14. Paderi-paderi memimpin pergerakan menentang rejim komunis.
Lithuania merupakan rumah kepada komuniti Yahudi sejak kurun ke-18 hingga Perang Dunia kedua. Sebelum perang,populasi Yahudi di luar Vilnius mencecah 160,000. Pada September 1939, puluhan ribu Yahudi menjadi tumpuan Lithuania apabil Soviet memindahkan wilayah Vilnius dari Poland ke Lithuania dan tambahan pelarian Yahudi yang tiba di Lithuania ketika tempoh sebelum Jun 1941. Anggaran 220,000 Yahudi tinggal di Republik Lithuania pada Jun 1941, kesemuanya dihapuskan sepenuhnya ketika Holokus. Komuniti ini berjumlah sekitar 4000 pada akhir tahun 2009.
Vaudigny
ialah komun di jabatan Meurthe-et-Moselle di timur-laut Perancis.
Ssangmun-dong
Ssangmun-dong merupakan sebuah dong dan kawasan perbandaran yang terletak di daerah Dobong, wilayah Seoul, Korea Selatan.
Cabannes, Bouches-du-Rhône
Cabannes  ialah komun di jabatan Bouches-du-Rhône di timur Perancis.
Gomez-Zamora
Gómez-Zamora (Gombalza), adalah barangay yang terletak di perbandaran Naic, Cavite, Filipina.
Pembahagian barrio
Gomez-Zamora terbahagi kepada 3 barrio, iaitu:
Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs
Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs Di Astro Shuang Xing atau biasanya disebut Ice Age 3: Dawn of the Dinosaurs Di Astro Shuang Xing''' ialah suatu filem animasi Astro Shuang Xing yang direka oleh Blue Sky Studios dan diedarkan oleh 20th Century Fox pada tahun 2010. Filem ini disutradarai oleh Carlos Saldanha. Pelakon suaranya ialah Ray Romano, Queen Latifah, Seann William Scott, Josh Peck, Simon Pegg, dan Chris Wedge. Cerita ini mengisahkan Sid yang diambil oleh Tyrannosaurus rex betina selepas mencuri telurnya, protagonis yang lain cuba untuk menyelamatkan dia di dunia tropika yang dihuni oleh dinosaur di bawah ais. Walaupun menerima tinjauan yang pelbagai dari para pengkritik, Ice Age 3 Dawn of the Dinosaurs menjadi yang filem animasi ketiga yang tertinggi terlaris sepanjang masa dengan kutipan $ 884.000.000 di seluruh dunia diikuti filem Toy Story 3 dengan $ 1012000000 dan Shrek 2 dengan $ 919.000.000.Filem ini merupakan susulan dari filem Ice Age dan Ice Age: The Meltdown produksi tahun 2003 dan 2007.
Pada Tahun Julai 2010 Bakal Di Astro Shuang Xing terbitkan.
Aygehovit
Aygehovit merupakan sebuah kawasan perbandaran yang terletak di wilayah Tavush, Armenia.
Chang-dong
Chang-dong merupakan sebuah dong dan kawasan perbandaran yang terletak di daerah Dobong, wilayah Seoul, Korea Selatan.
Hilal Asyraf
Beliau telah mengasaskan laman web Langit Ilahi pada 2010 dan bermula September 2016, beliau menguruskan rumah penerbitannya sendiri dengan nama Hilal Asyraf Resources.
Latar belakang
Hilal dilahirkan pada 16 Januari 1989 di Johor Bahru, Johor. Beliau mendapat pendidikan awal di Tadika Iman dan kemudian di Sekolah Rendah Islam Hidayah (1995-2001), Senai, Johor dan seterusnya di Ma’had At-Tarbiyah Al-Islamiyyah (MATRI) (2002-2008), Perlis. Beliau kini memegang ijazah dalam bidang Usuluddin dari Universiti Yarmuk, Irbid, Jordan. Beliau telah mendirikan rumah tangga bersama Tengku Masyitah binti Tengku Paris pada tahun 2012.
Beliau juga terlibat aktif sebagai ahli bagi Pertubuhan Himpunan Lepasan Institusi Pendidikan Malaysia (HALUAN).
Kerjaya menulis
Hilal mula menulis secara suka-suka di blog. Kemudiannya, Hilal mula berjinak dalam dunia penulisan setelah beliau ditawarkan menulis sebuah buku motivasi. Beliau memulakan langkahnya menjadi seorang penulis pada tahun 2009 dengan terbitnya Novel VT dan buku motivasi LangitIlahi: Tuhan Tidak Lupakan Kita.
Hilal menjadi kolumnis bagi majalah-majalah berunsur Islamik seperti Majalah Anis (2010-2011), Majalah HALUAN (2010-kini), Majalah Remaja (2012-kini), dan Majalah JOM! (2012-kini).
Beliau menjadikan "Mari Menjadi Hamba" sebagai asas tema untuk setiap penulisan karya-karya beliau.
Beliau juga pernah memberi kritikan kepada Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad atas persoalan Tun berkenaan Islam.
Karya
Hilal Asyraf telah mengarang puluhan karya berupa novel, buku motivasi, kumpulan cerpen dan kumpulan puisi. Karyanya di peringkat awal banyak diterbitkan oleh syarikat Galeri Ilmu. Bermula September 2016, beliau mula menerbitkan karyanya di bawah penerbitan miliknya, Hilal Asyraf Resources.
Anugerah
Buku novel beliau bertajuk Remaja Mulia telah memenangi anugerah Hadiah Sastera Johor Kategori Kanak-Kanak untuk tahun 2011.
Sekolah Kebangsaan Pulai Sebatang
Sekolah Kebangsaan Pulai Sebatang atau nama ringkasnya SK Pulai Sebatang, merupakan sebuah Sekolah kebangsaan yang terletak di Kampong Pulai Sebatang.
Pada 2009, Sekolah Kebangsaan Pulai Sebatang memiliki 129 pelajar lelaki dan 139 pelajar perempuan, menjadikan jumlah keseluruhan murid seramai 268 orang. Ia mempunyai seramai 21 orang guru.2009
Vaxainville
ialah komun di jabatan Meurthe-et-Moselle di timur-laut Perancis.
Bola sepak di Sukan Semenanjung Asia Tenggara 1965
Kejohanan Bola sepak di Sukan Semenanjung Asia Tenggara 1965 telah diadakan pada 15 Disember hingga 21 Disember 1965 di Bangkok, Thailand.
Keukenhof
thumb|right|250px|Taman bunga Keukenhof. thumb|right|250px|Rumah kecil dan sumur di Keukenhof. Keukenhof (yang dalam bahasa Belanda bermaksud Kebun Dapur) adalah sebuah taman bunga yang terletak di Lisse, Belanda, dan merupakan taman bunga terbesar di dunia. Menurut situs resmi Taman Keukenhof, terdapat tujuh juta kuntum bunga yang ditanam setahun sekali di taman tersebut.
Taman ini dibuat pada tahun 1949 oleh calon ibu negeri Lisse, yang merupakan kota kecil di dekat Amsterdam. Iaitu untuk membuat sebuah pameran bunga agar penanam bunga dari penjuru Belanda dan Eropah dapat memamerkan bunga yang akan membantu Belanda sebagai eksportir bunga terbesar di dunia. Dalam waktu 50 tahun Keukenhof telah menjadi sebuah taman bunga terbesar di dunia.
Daerah Songpa
Daerah Songpa merupakan sebuah daerah (gu) yang terletak di kawasan Seoul, Korea Selatan.
<!--Songpa was at the center of 1988 Seoul Olympics, and most of the sporting facilities associated with that event are located within the district.
In 2009, Songpa District won the Livcom Awards of UNEP for the most liveable city
Emblem
A pine tree, the tree of Songpa, represents vitality and prosperity. Five ovals symbolized pride in hosting the 1988 Seoul Olympics.
Character
It symbolizes the monk of the Songpa mask drama, an intangible cultural property of Songpa District.
Slogan
Songpa, a World-class city of culture
Goal
City with the highest culture index in Korea
Gordang Sambilan
Gordang Sambilan ialah sebuah alat muzik tradisional Suku Mandailing. Gordang sambilan terdiri daripada dua kata gordang bererti gendang dan sambilan bererti sembilan. Gordang sambilan terdiri daripada sembilan gendang yang mempunyai panjang dan diameter yang berbeza hingga menghasilkan nada yang berbeza pula.
Daerah Songpa
Administration
The mayor of this district is Kim Young-soon (Hangul:김영순), who has been the only female mayor of the twenty-five mayors in Seoul since her election in July 2006.
Baretta
Demografik 2001
Menurut bancian India pada tahun 2001, Baretta memiliki bilangan penduduk seramai 14,882. Dari jumlah tersebut, kaum lelaki membentuk 53% dari jumlah keseluruhan populasi dan wanita seramai 47%.
Pendidikan 2011
Menurut bancian India pada tahun 2001 Baretta memiliki kadar pendidikan (kebolehan membaca) 56%, di bawah kadar purata kebangsaan 59.5%; dengan 59% lelaki dan 41% wanita mampu membaca. 14% dari populasi berusia di bawah 6 tahun. (2001)
Gordang Sambilan
Sejarah
Dahulu Gordang Sambilan sangat jarang diperdengarkan dan dianggap sakral, hanya untuk keluarga raja saat acara perkawinan atau penyambutan tamu besar raja dan Upacara Kerajaan.Irama gordang Sambilan Biasa dimainkan dengan Irama lambat dan Irama cepat diiringi gong, seruling, etek dan eneng-eneng. Dengan berkembangnya budaya masyarakat Mandailing saat ini, gordang sambilan sudah sering diperdengarkan oleh masyarakat Mandailing Indonesia dan Mandailing Malaysia pada pesta perkawinan, hari raya ataupun penyambutan tamu.
Daerah Songpa
Prehistoric times
Neolithic people lived in the area along the Han River because of the existence of abundant water.
Gojoseon
An ancient nation, Gojoseon, was established and more people moved to the region.
Hanseong Baekje era (BC 6 ~ AD 745)
The Songpa area was the 500 year-old capital of Baekjae. after 475 A.D. When Baekjae transferred its capital to the south, two other kingdoms fiercely battled for the ownership of hanseong for its geographical advantage.
Joseon Dynasty
During this era, Songpa was the transportation heartland connection Hanyang, the capital of Joseon, with the rest of Joseon. There was a huge commercial hub around Samjeondo, Songpajin Sincheonjin, and Songpa naruter(ferry), which greatly influenced the Joseon economy.
1960~1970
Songpa, once a calm rural area, started a land readjustment project in the 1970s, which transformed the region into a new, urban town.
1980s
Songpa District hosted The 1986 Aasian games and the 1988 Seoul Olympics. the Jamsil Main Stadium and the Olympic park were constructed along with multilaned expressway, large-scale apartment complexes, and commercial facilities. Songpa became a "GU", separated from Gangdong District on May 15, 1988
2009
In pursuit of sustainable and environment-friendly urban development and participatory local autonomy, Songpa District is being development as an autonomous district of Seoul city. with the legacy of Baekjae, it is aiming to become a world-class city that leads the future of Korea.
Kampung Teluk Kumbar
Kampung Teluk Kumbar merupakan sebuah kampung yang terletak di Bayan Lepas, dalam Pulau Pinang, iaitu sebuah negeri di Malaysia.
Daerah Songpa
Economy
In Songpa, these are the Garden5, is the hub of Northeast Asia's distribution market, and Garak Market for agricultural and aquatic products Asia‘s biggest market. Lotte World with 112 stories is planned to be built. Songpa eased regulation against construction in order to provide an optimal environment for economic activities. For sure, Songpa will be a better district gradually. One factor that makes Songpa's future optimistic is the residents' community sentiment. At a time when the global economy's gloomy, public workers raised money to help create jobs for the jobless in the region.
Kampung Teluk Kumbar
Poskod
Poskod yang digunakan di Kampung Teluk Kumbar, Bayan Lepas, Pulau Pinang ialah 11000.
Daerah Songpa
Garden 5
"Garden 5 is the biggest hub for distribution in Asia." One-stop shopping mall Garden 5 is the biggest distribution hub in Korea and meets the demand of distribution, culture and leisure. It consists of five special blocks: 'Garden 5 Life' with more than 8,300 shops; the process manufacture complex 'Garden 5 works' where processing products like press, turnery, bolt and light are manufactured; the large resale facility 'Garden 5 Tool'; distribution block; activation block.
Remodeling of Garak Market
"It is hub market for agricultural and marine products in Northeast Asia." Garak Marketplace is going through remodeling until 2020 and will be set with eco-friendly products, convenient and clean environment and modernized distribution system, to be hub market in Northeast Asia. Through remodeling, the market will be transformed into theme park style market with eco-friendly underground and green, cultural park-like style on the ground. Construction for remodeling will be one by one in order, not to interrupt the business.
Second Lotte World Building with 112 stories
Planned to be built in Sincheon-dong, this building will be 555-meter tall and has 624,642㎡ of floor space. It will have 112 ground floors and 5 underground floors. An estimated 1.7 trillion won will be invested and more than 23,000 jobs will be created in building a second Lotte World Building. It is expected to create Asia's largest commercial zone and 2.5 million employment effect annually.
Revitalization of regional economy
"To overcome economic crisis, public workers at Songpa-gu office saved fringe benefits and service operation expenses. As a result, 1,270 jobs (worth 10 billion won) were created." Focusing on reduction in unemployment rate as a way to overcome economic crisis, Songpa District launched a handful of projects. First of all, Songpa benchmarked the project of the US when it hired the job-seekers with higher educational degrees for building data base during the Great Depression. Songpa employed 120 people in computerizing important data of Songpa District. Through data base computerization, Songpa contributed to green growth by saving paper. Special budget of 5 billion won that was raised through savings of incentives, fringe benefits and service operation expenses was used in creating 1,270 jobs including administrative home-delivery service, stop smoking promotion, welfare servicemanship and helper for the elderly.
Town planning
"Songpa contributed to regional economy by easing construction regulation." Songpa seeks to revitalize regional economy by easing construction regulation through town planning. "Olympic Street maintenance and improvement project", for instance, is a project introduced to transfer motel zones in Bang-i, Sincheon and Jamsil, which was built for the Seoul Olympic 20 years ago to accommodate foreign visitors, into commercial building zones. Through the project, Songpa contributed to revitalizing regional economy by securing land required for business buildings. "Songpa Daero maintenance and improvement project" is a town planning that is to develop the 283,500㎡ area around Seokchon Station intersection and Songpa Daero into a commercial area. Carrying out the project, Songpa took the lead in developing the economy by easing construction regulation and upgrading land use regulation.
‘Fallen Ginkgo Leaves' into tourism material
"Songpa makes use of everything, even fallen leaves." Songpa District maximizes the effectiveness of resources, by sending surplus resources, to other towns where they are needed. In the fall, ginkgo leaves are all but are useless, being a headache. Songpa gathers these fallen leaves and sends them to Nam-i Island, a tourist attraction in Gangwon Province, so that the leaves can be used as a sightseeing for tourists. Songpa District saves disposal cost by 12 million won a year, thanks to the creative idea.
Resource recycling
"Songpa saves money, protects the environment and shares resources at the same time at recycling plaza." As school uniforms are as expensive as high quality suits these days, putting more burden on parents, Songpa District runs a recycling pool for used uniforms and books. In this center, a school uniform costs only 4,000 won. In 2008, 1,541 uniforms were sold and 116 were exchanged among the total 2,043 donated. There are recycling centers in Geoyeo-dong and Jamsil-dong and the products are very reasonably priced compared to market prices. Products ranging from home appliance to cloths and shoes are qualified as they go through repair process after being donated from residents. Songpa makes a good use of donated products and protects the environment at the same time, and more importantly, its residents share goods and have warmheart.
Library expansion
There are 4 libraries called "Small Library on Pine Tree Hill" in Songpa District. They are small but easy to access, as they are close to residential areas. They are dubbed "Close-to-Life Library." Through the "School Library Open-to-The-Public" system, Songpa District turned unused areas at schools into libraries open to residents. It is based on a win-win strategy since Songpa District could save money in its budget by using unused spaces in schools while the schools can supply more books supported by Songpa-gu office. Unlike typical libraries, "Children-Only Library" provides children with a playground where they can enjoy playing as well as reading, and has more than 30,000 books and various facilities such as a child-care room, a theater and a foreign book room, all of which provoke children's imagination.
School zone safety
In 37 school zones in Songpa, CCTV cameras (90 inside and 17 outside of schools) are installed to prevent accidents and crimes. Songpa District also makes every effort to ensure safe routes to schools by paving access roads to schools with vivid colors, paving non-skid treads, building speed bumps, safety barriers, traffic signals and traffic safety signs, and painting traffic lanes.
Improvement of school environment
In order to provide a pleasant and safe environment in and around schools, Songpa District supports various programs: Songpa supports operational costs for school libraries, improvement of facilities for providing meals at schools, expansion of video and audio equipment, replacement of desks and chairs and installation of artificial grass, all of which help provide the best environment for education.
Child care center
Songpa District opened "Children-Only Multiplex Facility," which has a theater, experiential education room, kid's book cafe and cafeteria. This facility is aimed at provoking children's imagination and helping them face challenges and also respect for their neighbors. There are 33 child-care centers run by Songpa District to ease financial burden on parents. 6 centers specializing in infant care help working moms do their jobs without worrying about child-care while working. Another 25 child-care centers are operated from 7:30 PM to midnight especially for double income families and single-parent families.
Student exchange with international sister city
Through the system, 100 students visit the sister city every summer. Students from Songpa and Christchurch, New Zealand, experience each other's culture and life for a month at home-stay houses in the sister city. Students from the two regions better understand another's culture while introducing their own to others, To do so, they feel proud of their own culture and get more global sense at the same time. The program provides foreign students with an opportunity to experience Korean culture, learn more about the Asian country and build a closer friendship.
Education for gifted and talented students
Songpa District designated a school district covering 12,852㎡ area in Munjeongdong development district in order to invite autonomous private high schools, high schools with special purposes, or schools for foreign students. Songpa District also supports 120 students in 2 schools for special education for the gifted in mathematics and science.
Improvement of public education
Songpa established programs for English education for primary schools through "Culture Experience English Class", 260 students from 37 primary schools in Songpa go on a field trip using only English. "English Village Tour" is for sixth grade students, through which they stay for 3 days in the specially built village Pungnap Camp using English only. Songpa will be allocating Native tutors in every primary school by 2010 and specially supporting 19 schools (12 primary, and 7 secondary schools) by backing "After-School English Teacher" that would take charge of after-school, supplementary lessons and special activity classes. By making these efforts, Songpa District supports English education in the era of globalization while helping relieve parents with financial burden, paying for private education.
Support for students from low-income families
For students from low-income or jobless families, Songpa adopted "One-Account-per-One-citizen movement" movement in which 10 residents save 10,000 won a month for a year to help one student. As of May 2009, 673.8 million won is saved in 5,615 bank accounts, and 93.5 million won was granted to 103 students. Songpa aims to save a total of 5 billion won by 2011. "Mentorship Program" is an after-class program for students from low-income families, under which mentors consisting of college students, current and former teachers and other volunteers visit students once a week for a year to help the study and counsel them. This man-to-man program is the largest of its kind in Seoul.
Special training program for women
To support women's economic activities, Songpa opens "Town-visiting Local Tax Law Fair" that helps women better understand local tax law by explaining diverse taxable and non-taxable laws and pretest cases filed against the office. For female drivers, there is a "Car Maintenance Class for Female Drivers", which is becoming popular as it teaches them from general sense, to how to change a tire, and to take emergency measures.
Art centers
"Songpa Culture & Art Center is Seoul's landmark, just like the Opera House in Sydney." Take a look at the fact that Songpa is forming an art-belt consisting of Songpa Culture and Art Center, Charlotte Musical Center and Woori Financial Art Hall, and one would find that Songpa District is planning to be the mecca of artistic performances like Broadway in New York. First of all, Songpa Culture and Art Center is planned to be completed by 2011 on the eastern side of Seokchon Lake. The center will accommodate as many as 1,500 people with its 3 floors and 2 underground floors. Various genres of arts including musical, concert, ballet and modern dance will be performed at the center located by a beautiful lake especially at night, driving Songpa to the mecca of culture and art. The weight lifting stadium in Olympic Park was transformed into a musical theater Woori Financial Art Hall. This hall with 1,260 seats is fine and modernized. Charlotte Musical Center, another art hall with its interior and exterior of medieval European design performs more than 1,000 musicals a year. Thanks to the hall and the center exclusively designed for musicals, Songpa deserves to be an art district.
Hanseong Baekje Culture Festival
"The area was founded as the capital of Baekje Kingdom, the rein power of East Asia, for about 500 years when it had the most flourishing and glorious culture in history." The period is called "Hanseong Baekje" and lasted for 493 years from 2,000 years ago when Baekje's founder King Onjo established Hanam-wiryeseong as its capital until the capital was replaced with Wungjin. Hanseong Baekje period had an elegant culture and powerful national defense force. In an effort to memorize the ancestors' spirit, Songpa holds Hanseong Baekje Culture Festival almost every year since 1994, and this year, the festival marks its tenth anniversary. The festival is gaining more popularity as there are enjoyable events, including a history and culture street parade, Baekje culture experience events, folk performances and a Baekje costume show. Designated as a culture festival by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism in 2008, Hanseong Baekje Culture Festival virtually became Korea's representative festival. To memorize Hanseong Baekje's history, Songpa District is planning to build "Hanseong Baekje Museum" in which the antiques and remains not only from Hanseong Baekje Period but also from prehistoric age and the era of Three States will be exhibited, so that visitors can better understand Songpa's 2,000-year history.
Local Events
"In festivals, tradition and contemporary arts are in harmony, while Korea and the world are combined." In spring, more than 25,000 people visit "Seokchon Lake and Seongnae stream Festival" a day to enjoy the cherry blossom, which was planted and raised by the residents. In the festival, people enjoy cherry blossoms all day at a variety of musical concerts and participate cherry blossom road walking event, photo contest and writing contest. Dan-o is a traditional holiday on the fifth day of the fifth month of the calendar, when ancestors used to pray for a good harvest for the year as the sunlight of the day is believed to be the brightest for the year. Among the most enjoyable traditional plays are seesawing and Pungmulnori Koreans celebrate the first full moon day of the lunar year when the full moon is the biggest and the brightest, by praying for their hopes. Through traditional rites including bridge-treading rite, a tug of war and Catherine wheel game, festival participants learn Korea's cooperative values and have fun.
Environment
Songpa District is constantly thriving to be the district with the best environment while also allowing its residents live a happy life. To fight against global warming, Songpa District is implementing new policies responding to the climate change, including the Waterway Project under which nearby streams are to be linked to one another. This ambitious project is the residents' pride. Songpa tries to build a cleaner environment by transferring an unacceptable facility to the outer area, by improving transportation system responding to the increase in transportation volume, and by expanding parks and green zones. Songpa's living environment is aimed to be the best in the world.
Solar power plant "Nanum" to fulfill welfare while protecting the environment
"Profit earned by the power plant is used to support utility fees in low-income families in Songpa." Songpa District invests 300 million won in Solar Power Plant Nanum project, and 25% of the profit earned by the power plant is spent for low-income households' utility fee, another 25% goes to people in need in the third world and the other 50% is invested in the second Nanum plant. An estimated 600 million won will be used to support low-income families in Songpa for the next 15 years. Playing a critical roll in reducing air pollution while helping people in need, this project created a sensation in the nation. Alongside the walking course by Jangji stream, 44 street lights are installed with eco-friendly LED solar lights, contributing to energy saving. One solar street light produces 225W of electricity an hour, and stays on for 3 days when it is exposed to the sun for four hours.
Songpa takes the lead in responding to the climate change
"Songpa's policies against the climate change were introduced in the summit talks of C40."
In "Climate Exhibition" during C40 summit talks designed to build cooperation among major cities aimed to be low carbon dioxide cities, Songpa's policies against global warming were introduced. The EXPO ensured Songpa District's position as a leading community in Korea to cope with the climate change by demonstrating the accomplishment effectively. During the EXPO, Songpa District's best practices to deal with the climate change, such as 'Songpa Nanum powerhouse','CO2 Home Doctor', 'Songpa SPB (the unattended bicycle rental)', 'A model apartment for coping with the climate change', and the accomplishment of the project 'the city on the water' was presented on the site. And also, a generator that charges cell phone by riding a bicycle was displayed on 'a climate play ground'.
※ C40 Large Cities Climate Summit (The summit of the C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group) The alliance of large cities which feel responsible for discharging over 80% of the Global 'greenhouse gases' to cope with the climate change, established in London, 2005. (1st summit - London, 2nd - New York, 3rd - Seoul)
District of Water
"Songpa District is a pleasant and beautiful area with nearby lake and streams." Songpa District will link four nearby streams (Han River, Seongnae stream, Jangji stream and Tan stream) to one another through the dubbed Waterway Project. Songpa will be a unique island-like district when Waterway Project is completed by 2012, which is aimed at building Songpa an eco-friendly district where water, nature and human being are harmonized with one another. Nature Eco Network is a 27 km long forest with a willow volley and a reserve of wild lives. In Walk Network, people can sense Songpa's history and culture while taking a walk, and feel the fresh air when riding a bicycle on Bicycle Network. The Seokchon lake, which was generated from the Han River as the result of the multiple purpose development of Jamsil in the 1970s, had been averted by the residents because of a nasty smell, in spite of the fact that it's the only lake in the downtown of Seoul. The smell came from water pollution from concrete materials. But, in the 2000s, it was reborn as the real rest area where attract the visitors of 20,000~30,000 on weekdays, over 50,000 on weekends and are the nests for animals and plants including aquatic plants. And, this is the result of the development project for the natural ecology park. On June, 2005, Sungnae-chun was also resuscitated as a beautiful river through the development project for the ecology river. It was a dried river due to the low volume of water flow during the 1970s~the 1980s. But in 2009 it was selected as 'the most beautiful 100 rivers in Korea' by Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs. If the four rivers in 'waterway' are the main artery, a streamlet is a vessel. Songpa District developed a streamlet alongside South Beltway (1.5 km from Ogeum intersection ~ Olympic Park intersection ~ Seongnae Stream), easing hot island phenomena and reclaiming water at the same time.
Free bicycle rental SPB system
"Rent a bicycle and return it at any among 300 rental sites." Songpa has a free bicycle rent system called "Songpa Public Use Bike" or SPB, the nation's first of its kind, in which members of the system rent a bicycle free of charge 24 hours from 300 self-rental sites located every 300 meters away from one another. With a SPB membership card, one can rent a bicycle and return it at any site among 300 in Songpa. SPB system upgraded Korea's bicycle culture for sure.
Expansion of bicycle infrastructure
"There are free bicycle rental houses on the 101.81km long bicycle road." Songpa made a huge success in initiating a handful of systems relating bicycle that other municipal governments rush to benchmark. There are four free bicycle rental houses on the 101.8 km long bicycle road. Anyone with an identification card can rent a bicycle free of charge. The system plays a roll in saving transportation costs and promoting bicycle riding at the same time. There is a "Home-visiting bicycle repair" in Songpa, a system designed to relieve repair expense. Under the system, mechanics visit Songpa-gu offices, schools and apartments so that residents do not have to go too far to repair their bicycles.
Park
"Songpa District has as many as 140 parks, the largest number among municipal districts in Seoul and has the highest green zone rate in Seoul."
A third of the total Songpa area is green zone: 10.98k㎡ or 32.4% of Songpa area is green zone, the highest rate among municipal districts in Seoul. Songpa District has as many as 140 parks, also the largest number in Seoul. Each park has its own theme like a flower or a plant reflected by residents' opinion. The theme of Geon-neomal Park in Garak-dong is a rose, while Baekto Park is a wild flower park. The theme of Macheon Park is a royal azalea and Jamsil Park's main theme is aquatic plant. In these parks, diverse flower festivals and events including Royal Azalea Festival, Rose Festival, Garden Balsam Dyeing Festival, Eco Culture Class, Wild Plants Operation and Aquatic Plant Exhibition are held every year.
There are cherry blossom roads alongside of Seongnae stream and Jangjicheon stream. As the trees were donated by Songpa residents and are planted by them, each tree has a name tag of the donator and is taken a good care by them. Songpa led its people to voluntarily take part in preserving the environment in the district.
Convenient traffic
"Roadways in Songpa are accessible to any direction." Songpa District expands the road system and optimize the traffic system to respond to the probable increase in traffic volume in near future due to city planning such as Songpa New Town Project, construction of distribution unit in the Southeastern Area Project and Munjeong-dong Development Project. The 3rd step of the new subway line number 9, the 8 km section, is scheduled to be completed by 2015. Subway line number 3 is planned to be extended to Suseo, Garak Market and Ogeum station in an effort for more balanced development. Songpa plans to extend Tan stream bank alongside Songpadaero as traffic volume on the street is expected to increase. Songpa will also ease traffic by constructing a road linking Wiryeseong gil to Seongnae stream, and by connecting the unconnected section under Olympic Bridge. Subway transfer center that is to be constructed on Jamsil Intersection, the most congested area, will ease traffic on the roads as more traffic is expected due to the second Lotte World building with 112 stories.