cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
x) Obwengula, ki ky’alaba mu bwengula ?Enjuba, omwezi emunyenye.
xi) Okubala namba oba ebintu okuva ku emu okutuuka ku kumi. Eky’okulabirako omuyembe  1.,2,3,4,….10
xii) Okugeregenya . Ebyokulabirako :
-	Munda ne wabweru
-	Enzikiza n’ekitangaala
-	Ekiwanvu n’ekimpi
-	Ekibi n’ekilungi
xiii) Kkala ezimwetoolodde. Omuddo gwa kkala ki? Olubaale lwa kkala ki? Eby’okuzannyisa bye bya kkala ki?
xiv) Okuloowoza. Ku muntu n’ensolo ki ekisinga okulowooza? Lwaki?
xv) Munda mw’ekiramu ne munda mw’ekitali kiramu mwawukana mutya?
xvi) Ebintu ebitala bilamu tebikula. Bifuna bitya enkyukakyuka? Eky’okulabirako            Ekikopo kyatika ettaka likulugguka, enjazi zikunkumuka oba zikutukakutuka     ,  olugoye  luyurika, ddola  ekutuka.
xviii) Ensolo n’obuto bwazo
Ebirala:
-	Zuukusa obusobozi bw’omwana wo okuba omukujjukujju, omunooyereza era amuvumbuzi
-	Yamba omwana wo okutegeera obwengula n’ensi ey’obutonde.
-	Sikiriza omwana wo okwang’anga n’okugonjoola ebikunizo eby’enjawulo.
-	Mulage ebimu ku bikola ensengeka y’ebirowoozo mu sayansi nga okwekebejja, okwekennenya , okwefumiitiriza, okunoonya obukakafu, okukola engezeso oba enkakaso. Omwana omusomesa otya Sayansi?
a)	Obwongo bw’abaana abatanatuuka kugenda ku somero tebusobola kuteeka birowoozo ku muntu asomesa mu ngeri ey’okwogera okuwanvu kuba baba tebannasobola kutuula na kuwuliriza nga batudde awo nti bakuwuliriza okumala ekiseera nga oyogera gye bali.
b)	Musomese okukola ebya sayansi kyokka kola okunnyonnyola kutono naye nga osinga kumuleka neyekwatiramu ekyo ky’olonzeewo yekebejje.
c)	Zimbira kwekyo omwana wo ky’osuubira nti alina ky’akimanyiiko. Bw’oyagala ayige ku kintu ekipya ennyo gyali, azibuwalirwa nnyo. Abaana bano basobolera  ddala okutondeka (okuzimba) emiramwa  ku bintu eby’enjawulo mu mbeera gye balimu.
d)	Sikiriza omwana wo okuyiga, naddala mu by’okuyiga by’olaba nga abirinamu ekitone oba obusobozi obwenjawulo. Bino abiyigamu mu bwangu awatli kusanga buzibu. Omwana wo ayinza okuba nga yeyunira nnyo emiddo, ebisolo , n’ebiwuka, ebidduka oba amayinja , enjazi,  okutabula kkala .Tokuliriza kuba nti yeddugaza oba “alina eddalu” naye muyambe okbyebuzaako mu ngeri ez’enjawulo nga okumanya emigaso gya byo , obuvune nga mu buwuka ebiruma oba eby’obutwa.
e)	Laba nga tayiga ku bintu mu ngeri eri waggulu wa myaka gye. Singa aba yebuuza ku kitangaala, oyinza okumutunuza mu nsibuka z’ekitangaala nga okuva mu njuba, omuliro oba ettala awatali kugenda mu kalonda wa sayansi wa kitangaala owa waggulu.
f)	Buli mulamwa gw’osomesa omwana wo togubikkirira wabula gwogere gy’ali nga bwe guli awatali kugenda mu maaso gumusonjolera, wabula munnyonnyole ebimu ebigukwatako mu ngeri ennyangu . Emiramwa nga ogw’amaanyimusira (gravity), ekitangattisa (photosynthesis),  empaliriza (force), oba amaanyikasoboza (energy), gimwatulirwe nga bwe giri  awatali kutya . Ojja kwewuunya nga atandise okugikozesa mu njogera ye eya bulijjo.
g)	Omuzadde mu maka amagunjufu asaana okubaamu n’ebikozesebwa mu sayansi ebyangu nga ebirawuli ebizimbulusa, omulengerera wala, kusa endabirwamu eraga ebifanaanaganyo (reflections) ebimyanso, minzaani, n’ebirala.
h)	Okwebuusa n’okukola ebisinziiro (hypothesis). Baanasayansi basinziira ku bisinziiro okunnyonnyola obutonde mu nsi. Beebuuza ki ekiyinza okubaawo singa ebisinziiro byabwe biba bituufu okugezesa ebisinziiro bino gwe mulamwa gwe’enkola eya sayansi. Emyekebejjo gya sayansi (Scienfic activities) egimu gisobozesa abato okwenoonyeza okumanaya awatali kufa ku mitendera gya nkola ya sayansi kyokka oluusi abato banyumirwa kalonda w’enkola ya sayansi,  n’olwekya kyetaagisa okulaga abato emiramwa gya.
i.	Okwekejja
iii. Okukola engezeso oba enkakaso
Enkakaso z’abato Awaka
Enkakaso z’abato ziyimba okubatunuza mu miramwa gy’okwekebejja oba ekyekebejjo, okulagula oba ekiragulo, n’engesezo (testing)
Ekigendererwa ky’enkakaso zino kwe kutunuza abato mu “enkola ya sayansi” nga okulaga nti “ekintu” kiyinza okukyusa embeera zaakyo. Kino kitegeeza nti amazzi gayinza okuba kakulukusi, enkalubo, oba ggaasi (enfuumo).
Wano oyinza okukozesa “ebitole oba kyesatuza za ayiisi” n’oziwa abaana bazizannyise ebweeru n’ekigendarerwa eky’okubasobozesa okuzuula  ekibaawo ku bwabwe nga tolina ky’obannyonnyodde nawe oyinza okuzanya naba kyokka nga teweyisa nga  nga musomesa wabula ng’omu ku bbo. Abaana bayinza okugezaako okutabula, okuyiwa okupanga,  oba okuzimba okukubaganya, n’okusiiga nga bakozesa kyesetuza za ayisi zino okulaba emikululo egisigala emabega.
Ebibuuzo by’oyinza okubabuuza:
a)	Ki ekireetera ayisi okuremereguka? b)	Ki ekibeerawo ku buli kyokola ne kyesatuza za ayisi zino? c)	Bw’oba oyagala oyinza okusikiriza abato okulaga bye bazudde.
Sarah Nyendwoha Ntiro
Ebyafaayo n'ebyenjigiriza
Yazaalibwa mu Hoima eri Erasto B. Nyendwoha Akiiki ow'ekika kya Bakwonga ne Jane Nsungwa Nyendwohi Adyeri, ow'ekika kya Babiito, mu 1925. Abazadde be bombi baali basomesa. Sarah yatandika okusoma mu ssomero lya Duhaga Girls' School mu Hoima gye yasomera okutuuka ku Primary 4. Mu 1938, yagenda mu King's College Budo, gye yasomera emyaka munaana, okuva ku kibiina ekya 5 okutuuka ku Secondary 6 (1938-1945). Ku nkomerero y'emyaka egyo, yatuula ebigezo ebibayingiza mu Makerere College era n'aweebwa ekifo okutendekebwa obusomesa. Yamaliriza emyaka esatu, ng'asoma ebyafaayo, geography, English n'okutendekebwa kw'abasomesa. Yamibwa omukisa okusoma okubala olw'okubanga omutendesi w'okubala yagamba nti teyasomesa bawala.
Yakola omulimu gwe ogw'okusomesa mu King's College Budo ne Kyebambe Girls' School era oluvannyuma n'afuna satifikeeti y'okusomesa. Mu 1951, yegatta ku yunivasite eya Oxford gyeyattikirwa mu byafaayo mu 1954. Ye mukyala eyasooka okumaliriza emisomo gye mu yunivasite ya Oxford mu kiseera ng'amasomero aga waggulu tegawa diguli mu East Africa mu East ne Central Africa.
Omulimu gwe
Yasooka kukolera mu ssomero lya Kyebambe Girls eriri Fort Portal. Mu 1955, yegatta ku ssomero lya Gayaza High School. Oluvannyuma yava mu ssomero lya Gayaza High School neyeegatta ku Duhaga Junior Secondary School (DJSS) mu Hoima gye yasomesa okumala emyaka ebiri nga tanawumula mulimu gwe ogw'obusomesa 1958.
Sarah okwenyigira mu mirimu gy'obwannakyewa yagitandika akyali ku ssomero mu myaka gya 1940. Eky'okulabirako, bwe yali ku King's College Budo, yayitibwa omu ku basomesa be okuyambako okusomesa oluzungu eri abanoonyi b'obubudamo abapolandi. Omusomesa yafumbirwa omuduumizi w'enkambi eye Budongo Forest era abanoonyi b'obubudamo baali baleetebwa oluvannyuma lwa Sematalo II.
Ekyelongooserezo ky'Ebiramu(the evolution of life)
Okusinziira ku Kakensa Charles Darwin, ebiramu byonna byasibuka mu bulamu obwa wansi ennyo okutandika n'obulamu obusirikitu.
Sarah Nyendwoha Ntiro
Omulimu gwe
Mu 1971, yawumula obusomesa ku King's College Budo neyeegatta ku Yunivaasite eye Makerere ng'omuyambi w'omuwandiisi mu ofiisi y'omuwandiisi wa yunivaasite era ng'omuwandiisi w'olukiiko lwa yunivasite ye Makerere, ng'akola ku nsonga z'olukiikakiiko lwa yunivesite (1971-1976).
Ekyelongooserezo ky'Ebiramu(the evolution of life)
Olw'ekibalo kya Katonda ye ky'ayita ekibalo ky'obutonde, obulamu buzze bwelongoosereza n'okweyawulamu ebikula eby'enjawulo. Kino ky'ekiyitibwa "ekyerongooserezo ky'ebikula"(the evolution of species). Okkiriza nti  ebiramu bizze byelongoosereza ( do yo believe that life has evolved )okuva mu bulamu obwa wansi ennyo okutuuka ku ndabika eriwo kati ? Gino gy'emiramwa gye wetaaga okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku mulamwa guno:
Sarah Nyendwoha Ntiro
Omulimu gwe
Mu 1976, yakyusibwa okuva mu ofiisi y'omuwandiisi wa yunivasite n'atwalibwa mu kitongole ekikolera awamu ekya Faculty of Arts ne Faculty of Social Sciences gye yakolera okutuusa mu Ogw'omwenda 1978. Bwe yali mu Makerere, yeeyali Senkulu wa East African Posts and Telecommunications Corporation (EAPTC).
Ekyelongooserezo ky'Ebiramu(the evolution of life)
(i)Ekyerongooserezo ky'ebiramu(te evolution of life) (ii)Okwelongoosereza kw'ebiramu(the evolution of life) (iii)Okwelongoosreza kw'ebikula (the evolution of species) (iv)Ekyelongooserezo ky'ebikula (the evolution of species) (v)Ekikula(a Species) (vi)Enkula( mathematical shape, human character) (vi) Ebikula ("soecies", plural of "a species") (vii)Okwolendobamu okw'obutonde(natural selection) (viii)Mu butonde, "Ekikula ekinafu kisaanawo"(in nature , the weaker species dies out)
Sarah Nyendwoha Ntiro
Okuvvuunuka enkomera
Okulwanirira eddembe ly'abakyala mu Uganda kubaddewo okumala ebbanga ddene. Amangu ddala ng'atuuse ku ssomero lya Gayaza High School, yakizuula nga omusaala gwe gwali gwa wansi ku gwa bakozi banne ab'abasajja. Olw'okwemulugunya ku kino, yasaba okukola awatali kusasulwa kwonna okumala omwaka mulamba okusobola okusasula ssente z'okusoma kwe. Oluvannyuma lw'omwaka gumu ogw'okusoma, yabagamba nti, yali agenda kulekulira anoonye omulimu omulala ogumusasula nga ssi nga omukyala wabula ng'omukozi owabulijjo. Ekikolwa kye kyavaamu ebibala. Omukulu w'essomero yategeeza mukyala wa Gavana, Sir Andrew Cohen ekikolwa kye, eyamutuukirira ku ssomero. Yanywerera ku buyinza bwe era oluvannyuma lw'olukiiko luno, yaweebwa omusaala gwe gumu olw'omulimu gwe gumu gwe yakola. Eno y'engeri gye yayimirizaamu omuggalo gw'okusasulwakwe okw'enjawulo.
Ekyelongooserezo ky'Ebiramu(the evolution of life)
Bivudde eri Muwanga Charles
Sarah Nyendwoha Ntiro
Amaka
Yafumbirwa Sam Joseph Ntiro mu Ogwekumunieebiri 1958. Baalina abaana babiri, Joseph Kakindo Ntiro Amooti ne Simbo Nyakwera Ntiro Atenyi.
Emigendano egya Kifuulannenge(Inverse proprotions)
Gakuweebwa Charles Muwanga ! Emigendano Egigendana Kifuulannenge (Inversely Proportional Problems)
Eky’okulabirako ekisinga okweyoreka mu bulamu obwa bulijjo eky’omugendanyo ogugendana kifuulannenge kyandibadde  “ abakozi gye bakoma okuba abanji  gye kikoma okutwala ekiseera ekitono okumaliriza omulimu”.
Wano era akakodyo kali mu kukyusa kikunizo kya mugendanyo okulabika nga: Singa  x olwo  y. Singa  x efuulibwa  a,  y eba muwendo ki ? N’olyoka omukwanaganyo ogw’omugendanyo ogugendaga kifuulannenge (wegendereze embeera ya “kifuulannenge”): Ekyokulabirako : Kyetaagisa abasajja 8 n’essaawa 12 okulima ekkubo lya bulungi bwansi .Kimala essaawa meka abasajja  14 okukola omulimu gwe gumu mu kigerageranyo(rate) kye kimu ? Ekisooka : Lowooza ku bigambo ebiri mu kikunizo kino nga:
Singa abasajja baba 8 bamala essaawa 12.Bwe baba 14 bamala essaawa meka ?
Ekiddako: Wandiika omukwanaganyogw’omugendanyo ogwa kifuulannenge (write out the inverse relationship):
Ansa : batwaala essaawa eziwera: 8                         12
14                 8/14 x 12  =  essaawa 6.9
Omulamwa gwa omugendanyo ogwa kifuulannenge (inverse proportionality) guyinza okugerageranyizibwa n’ogw’omugendanyo omutereevu (direct proportionality).
Emiwendo ebiri(two quantities)ebiri giba gigendana kifuulannenge singa ogumu gwekubisibwamu oba okugabizibwamu namba yonna endala egabizibwamu oba ekubisibwamu namba y’emu. Okukwataganyizibwa kuno era kulagibwa nga: y ∝ x−1 Ggulaafu y’enkiise bbiri ezigendana ekifuulannenge eyitibwa kayipabola(hyperbola). Emisinde n’ebiseera bigendana kifuulannnege kubanga buli emisinde lwe gyeyongera, ebiseera ebyetaagisa okutuuka  nga bikendeera.
Okutwalira awamu enkiise bbiri ziba za mugendaganyo gwa kifuulannenge(are inversely proportional ), oba okwawukana kifuulannenge (varying inversely) oba guba mukugendana kifuulannenge n’enkyuso x, singa wabaawo entakyuka k etali ya ziro(non-zero constant k ), okuba nti Entakyuka etuukibwako nga okubisaamu enkyuso eya x eya nansangwawo n’enkyuso eya y. Eky’okulabirako, ebiseera ebyetaagisa okumalako olugendo biba kigendana kifuulannenge n’emisinde  okutambulirwa ate era ebiseera   ebyetaagisa  okutikka ttipa y’omusenyu  biba bigendana kifuulannenge ne namaba y’abantu abagutikka.
Ggulaafu y’ebintu bibiri ebyawukana kifuulannenge ku mutendera gw’Ekikwataganyo kya Kateesiya (Cartesian coordinate plane) ekola “kayipabola (hyperbola). Omutondeko gw’emiwendo gya  x ne  y  egya buli punkuti(katonnyeze) ku ekkuvve  guba gwenkana entakyuka ey’omugendanyo (k), ntegeeza omungereza ky’ayita “constant of proportionality” (k). Olw’okuba ku x ne y tekuli yenkana ziro, ggulaafu tegenda kuyita ku ekisiisi zino.
Ebyokulabirako:
Mu ky’okulabirako kino, omuwendo gw’abakozi n’ebiseera bigendana kifuulannenge kubanga namba y’abazimbi bw’ekka wansi ebiseera nga byeyongera ate namba y’abantu bw’erinnya,ebiseera nga bikka.
Goberera emitendera gino okumaliriza ekigambululo ky’omugendaganyo gwa kifuulannenge (inverse proportionality word problem):
	Wandiika omugerageranyo nga weekuusiza ku kintu kimu, namba y’abakozi oba ekiseera. 	Wandiika wansi omugerageranyo n’ekintu eky’okubiri, namba y’abakozi oba ekiseera.
Obugobansonga (Dialectics)
Gakuweebwa Muwanga !! Obugobansonga kitegeeza ky'ekimu n'eggobansonga. Obugobansonga kiraga "enneeyisa ey'okugabensonga (okunoonya amazima oba ekituufu ) . Eggobansonga(Dialectics) kiva mu bigambo bya Luganda "essomo erigoba ensonga".Eggobansonga kwe kukontana okutwala entabaganya mu Maaso.Mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo okugoba ensonga kitegeeza:
(a) Okunoonya okumanya
(c)Okunoonya   ekituufu
(d)Okunoonya enjawulo eri mu bifaanagavu n’obumu bw’ebyawukanu
(e)Okunoonya obumu bw’ebikontana
(f) Okwekebejja ensonga okuva ku buli ludda oba okuva ku nsonda ez’enjawulo
Eggobansonga(dialectics) n’olwekyo ssomo erikwata ku nsonga ezo waggulu.
(ii) Omugobansonga(Dialectician)
Toyinza kunnyonnyoka mulamwa gwa “ntabaganyabantu”( society) nga tofunye kutegeera mulamwa gwa ggobansonga (akakwate ak’ensonga akali ku buli kintu n’ekirala mu butonde). Eggobansonga (dialectics) kikwata ku bumu bwa kukontana okuli mu butonde ne mu ntabaganya, ekikuumira buli kintu awamu.
Ebiwunziko n'ebikubampawa(Inferences and arguments)
Muwanga agamba nti ekikozesabwongo oba okukozesa obwongo(reasoning) kikolwa kya mulengera (mental activity) eky'enjawulo ekirimu " okujjayo ensonga"(indicating premises) n'okuwunzika  oba okukola ebiwunziko(making inferences).
Emyezi mu Mwaka
(O)mwezi kigambo kya Luswayiri ekitegeeza ezzooba mu Luganda. Awataali kkalenda, abantu ba Buganda okuva edda baasobolanga okukola embala y'ebiseera by'eddaaza oba eby'omwaka, nga basinziira kw'ebyo ebyajja bituukawo. Bwe tutemaatema emyezi 12, nagyo gyaweebwa amannya ageetongodde okusobola okuteekawo obwangu mu kwawula ogumu ku mirala.
Gatonnya (January)
Olw'okubanga amatooke y'emmere eyasinga okulimibwanga mu Buganda, kyatuukanga ekiseera ne gayitirira obungi, ensuku ne zengera era ne gatandika kutonnya butonnyi, nga gawanuka okuva ku nkota zaago. Kino kyaleetera okutuuma omwezi ogwo erinnya erya Gatonnya kubanga kino kyabeerangawo mu kiseera kya nnaku zokka we gwatuukiranga.
Mukutulansanja (February)
Oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu zzooba erisooka, omusana gwatuntumukanga nnyo ne kireetera ebitooke byonna okukala endagala, ne zifuuka essanja. Olw'obugazi bw'ettaka buli mutuuze lye yabanga nalyo, emmere yabeeranga nnyingi, olwo akasana ppereketya ne kaleetera essanja eryo okukutukanga lyokka, era kaayitibwanga akasana mukutulansanja. Kyabanga kiseera kya kuwummulira mu bisiikirize okusinga ku bwe gwali gubeera.
Mugulansigo (March)
Awamu n'okuwaanyisiganya ebintu, omulimi yawangayo ky'alina nga kigya mw'ekyo kye yeetaaga okusobola okukifuna; era n'eba emu ku nkola z'okugula ezaakozesebwanga okugabana ku nsigo, oba empeke, omuli eza kasooli n'ez'ebijanjaalo basobole okuzitereka. Akayissanyo ka mugulansigo ako kaabanga engeri esookerwako mu kweteekerateekera okusiga.
Kafuumuulampawu (April)
Empawu kika kya nswa ezaafuumuukanga ennyo mu mwezi ogwo, nga zifubutuka mu biswa byazo. Ng'enkola ey'okukyusa ku ky'okulya ki nnantalabika, buli omu yazeesunganga era ebyombo ne bitegekebwa, mwe zaakunngaanyizibwa. Kale ekigambo ekyabeera ekyangu mu kusaasaanya amawulire g'okubuuka kw'enswa zino, kwe kwali okugamba nti 'zzooba lya kafuumuulampawu'.
Muzigo (May)
Abangi bwe bawulira ekigambo kino, ebirowoozo byandiddukira ku muzigo oguteekebwa mu mmere, ekitali kituufu. Ng'oggyeeko okuba nga linnya lya kintu, ekyo kigambo ekitegeeza 'okukwata n'obwegendereza'. Kwe kyava, bye biseera eby'obutiti we byajjiranga olwo obulamu bw'ebirundibwa, okugeza ente n'embuzi, ne busigala mu matigga. Muzigo kyafuulwa kigambo kya mukungo ku buli yabeeranga n'ekisolo okukirabirira obulungi.
Ssebo aseka (June)
Waaliwo omuwala eyaweebwa kasooli omwokye okumutwalira kitaawe eyali ayota akasana olw'okulumbibwa omusujja gw'ensiri. Nga bwe kyabeeranga, ssemaka yasomberwanga eby'okulya okutuusa lwe yakkutanga. Mu kutwala kasooli omulundi ogw'okubiri, yasanga eyasooka nga taliiriddwa; naddayo eri nnyina okumugamba nti 'ssebo aseka' oba 'ssebaaseka' mu kusaagiriza. Olw'okuba amannyo gaali ku ngulu, yalowooza nti aseka, kumbe yali mufu wajjo!
Kasambula (July)
Okusambula ensiko, kye kimu n'okugisaawa oba okutereeza w'eri olwo ne waba watereevu. Kyabanga kiseera kya kweteekerateekera ssizoni y'okusiga ey'okubiri era ne kireetawo okutuuma omwezi ogwo ogw'okusambula. Ennimiro zaalinanga okutereezebwa nga enkuba tennaddamu kutonnya olw'obutakaluubirirwa kulondalonda muddo mu bisooto, n'okwanguwa okusimba mu kiseera ekituufu.
Mutunda (September)
Ng'era empawu, waabangawo ekika ky'enswa ekirala ekyayitirira obungi mu kiseera kino. Zino zaabanga za njawulo era ne zisobola okwawulwa enfaanana ku zaasookangawo mu biseera by'omwaka ebiberyeberye. Olwo yali ebula emyezi esatu okusiibula omwaka ogwo era n'eba engeri ennyangu ey'okubala ebiseera — awataali nkola ya kizungu eyettaniddwa naddala mu kyasa kino.
Mukulukusabitungotungo (October)
Olwa nnamutikwa w'enkuba eyafudemba nga agobeddwa mu ggulu, ensigo ezimu naddala entonotono okugeza ez'entungo; zaasobola okukulukusibwa nga zitwalibwa mukoka. Nga n'ebinnya byesima mu ngeri y'ettaka okutwalibwa amazzi, kinnyonnyolwa nti kyasukka ebiseera ebimu era eno n'eyitibwa enkuba mukulukusabitungotungo, ekyatuumisa omwezi ogwo bwe gutyo mu butongole.
Museenene (November)
Guno gweyogerera gwokka. Ne gye buli eno, enseenene (mwe gwabbulwa) tezikyusanga kiseera mwe zaabuukiranga. Wabula okwawukanako ne bwe kiri mu myaka gino, zaabuukiranga ebbanga ggwanvuko, olw'ensiko eyabangawo ne zisobola okwetaaya n'okwalula. Kaakano mu byalo, zibuukira ekinene ennyo, ennaku ssatu zokka wabula era omwezi gw'ekkumi n'ogumu gusigala tegukyuse.
Ntenvu (December)
Entenvu kyali kika kya nvunyu ezaateevuunyanga ennyo mu zooba lino erisembayo. Olw'okuyitiriza okukola ebijimusa ebikolerere n'enkulaakulana ezzeewo mu nsi, bino bigenze bisaanawo mu mpola, weewo awo nga olumu bisobola okulabwako eyo mu bifo ebyesudde ebibuga. Nazo zaalanganga okuggwaako kw'omwaka, olw'okweteekerateekera okuyingira omujja, nate mu mwezi gwa Gatonnya era kati gitambulira wamu n'egy'ekingereza olw'okujja kw'Abazungu mu gya 1700.
Biwandiikiddwa: Ibraheem Ahmad Ntakambi
Ekibira kya Budongo
Ekibira kya Budongo mu Uganda kiri mu Bukiikkono bw'Obuggwanjuba bw'ekibuga ekikulu Kampala ng'oyolekera ekkunganyizo ly'ebisolo erya Murchison Falls National Park era kisangibwa mu Bukiikakkono bw'Obuvanjuba bw'ennyanja Albert. Kyekulungulira mu bitundu bye Hoima ne Kikuube. Kimanyikiddwa olw'okubaamu emiti gy'emivule egya East African mahogany era n'okubeera amaka g'ebizike bi Kimpanze. Omuti gw'omuvule ogusiinga obunene gukyaliyo mu kibira kino nga gulina obuwanvu bwa mitta 80 n'obugazi bwa mita 20 mu bw'etoloovu. Ekibira kino kiri ku Yiika 82,530 era kikungaanya n'amazzi g'ennyanja Albert .Kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole ky'ebibira ekya National Forestry Authority (NFA).
Enteekateeka y'akyon'engeri gy'ekikuumibwamu
Ekitundu kino kiri mu bipimo bya 1° 37 N - 2° 03 N ne 31° 22 - 31° 46 E, is 435 km² era kirimu kalenge, kirimu kiragala omutonotono, n'ekyelelezi. Kitundu ku kaserengeto k'ekiwonvu kya East African Rift. Ensulo nnya omuli, Waisoke, Sonso, Kamirambwa ne Siba, ziwagaanyiza mu kibira kino era n'eziyiwa mu nnyanja Albert. Enkuba etonnya mu kifo kino okumala omwaka eri wakati wa 1200 ne 2200 mm, mu biseera by'enkuba okuva mu Gwokusatu - Gwokutaano era n'eddamu mu Gwomwenda - Ogwekkuminogumu, ebiseera by'ekyeya biri mu Gwekkuminebiri - Ogwokubiri.
Ky'eyawulamu ebitundu mukaaga omuli Siba, Waibira, Busaju, Kaniyo-Pabidi, Biiso ne Nyakafunjo.
Ekibuga ekiriraanye wo ky'e Masindi, era ettaka ly'ekibira erisinga ly'ebuluguddwako ebimera, amayumba g'abantu, ebyalo ebileetawo obunkenke ku nsalosalo z'ekibira ekiviirako okusaanyawo emiti olw'ebizimbisibwa n'abatemula ebisolo by'omunsiko, emitego egiteekebwawo abayizzi okusalako ebitundu by'emibiri gy'amazike ga Kimpamze n'ebisolo ebirala. Emivule egyasigalamu nagyo gitemebwa abatemi b'embaawo.
Egimu ku mirimu egikolebwa mu kibira kino mulimu; okwokya amanda, okutema emiti, okuyigga, okusima eby'obugga eby'omuttaka, eby'obulimi ebitagumikirika nga okulima omukyere. Ebitundu by'ekibira ebimu by'atemebwa okusiimbamu ebikajjo n'etaaba.
Kikwasaganyizibwa ab'ekitongoole ky'ebibira ekya National Forestry Authority (NFA) era kisaasanyiza ensigo z'emiti eri abalwanirizi b'ebyobutonde okugisimba.
Mu 2021, ekitongole kya UNCHR ky'akwatagana n'ekitongole kya NFA okuddamu okusiimba emiti era Yiika 50 ez'ekibira kya Budongo z'addizibwawo.
Ebisolo by'omunsiko
Ebyakungaanyizibwa okuva mu Budongo, ebinyonyi eby'ebika eby'enjawulo bisoba mu 360 (omuli Nahan's Partridge Ptilopachus nahani), ebimera nga Senna spectabilis (white barked senna) tree, ebitonde eby'ewalulira mu mazzi ne ku ttaka 20, ebiwojjolo 292, 130 moths, emiti 465, n'ebisolo ebiyonsa 24 (nga 9 mulimu: embogo, enjovu z'omunsiko, engabi, embwa z'omunsiko). Kimpanze 600 z'eziri mu kibira. Olw'okuba n'amazzi n'ekiragala, Budongo ekkiriza emiti egy'enjawulo okukulamu, emivule egitatemebwa nga kaakano giri ku buwanvu bwa mita 60. Olukalala lw'ebinyonyi mulimu 60 ebya west or central African bird species okuva mu East Africa. Ebinyonyi ebimanyikiddwa nga Yellow-footed flycatcher, tebitera kubeera mu miti egisalibwamu embaawo, era tebirabibwangako mu Uganda, songa Ituri batis, lemon-bellied crombec, white-thighed hornbill, black-eared ground thrush and chestnut-capped flycatcher are known from only one other East African forest.
Okulondoola amazike ga Kimpanze gwafuuka mulimu eri abalwanirira obutonde bw'ensi, wamu n'okwasa era n'olungamya abalambuzi ku nneyisa y'abwe mu kibira kino n'ekigendererwa eky'okwewala okutaataganya ebisolo ebirala n'ekibira. Emakubo g'atemebwa okwetoloola ekibira, n'ekigendererwa eky'okwanguyiriza abakozi mu by'okunoonyereza era okutuusa n'akaakano g'egakozesebwa ebisolo by'omukibira n'abayizzi.
Okunoonyereza ku bisolo by'omunsiko
Vernon Reynolds yasooka okusoma ku mazike ga Kimpanze mu kibira kino mu 1962 era yatandikawo ekifo ekikwasaganya ekibira kino ekya Budongo Conservation Field Station. Yawandika akatabo akakwata ku kibira kino n'amazike mu 1965. Reynolds yali omu ku basatu abaaklira okunoonyereza ng'abalala baali Jane Goodall ne Adriaan Kortlandt. Mu biseera bya 1970 ne 1980 olutalo lw'omunda lw'abalukawo mu Ggwanga nga kwawelekerwa okumenya amateeka. Maama Kimpanze z'attibwa era n'omwana gw'abyo gw'atwalibwa okuva mu kibira n'ebikukusibwa okutwalibwa mu mawanga g'ebulaaya ag'enjawulo omuli Asia, Europe ne America. Reynolds yakomawo mu Uganda mu 1990 okwongera okumanya oba omuwendo gw'amazike oba gukyawera mu kibira kya Budongo. Mu 1995 amakumi ataano g'azuulibwa era enamba eyo yasigala y'emu okutuusa mu 2000 omuwendo lw'egwatandika okulinnya oluvanyuma lw'okuyingiza Kimpanze endala okuva mu bitundu ebirala.
Richard Byrne, Cat Hobaiter n'ebanne bateekebwa ku sitesoni y'abanoonyereza okwongera okusoma ku ngeri amazike ga Kimpanze gy'egoreramu mu kyasa eky'abiri mu ekimu.
Eddagala erigema olukusense
=Eddagala erigema Olukusense=
http//en.wikipedia Org/wiki/wikipedia: wikiproject_medicine/Translation_Task_force/RTT/simple measles vaccine.
Likola litya?
Eddagala erigema Olukusense https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Translation_task_force/RTT/Simple_measles_vaccine ly'eddagala erisingayo okutangira olukusense. Oluvannyuma lw’okugemebwa kwa mulundi gumu gwokka, abaana abalina emyezi mwenda ebitundu 85%, wamu n’abo abasukka emyezi kkumi n’ebiri ebitundu 95% babeera n’obusobozi bw’obutakwatibwa bulwadde buno. Abaana abagemeddwa omulundi ogusooka ne bataba na nkyukakyuka mu bulamu bwabwe bagemebwa omulundi ogwokubiri.
Ekiraga okweyongera oba okukendeera kw'Olukusense mu ggwanga
Omuwendo gw'abaana abagemeddwa bwe gusukka ebitundu 93% olwo obulwadde bw'olukusense bubeera ng’emisinde kwe bubalukirawo mu bitundu giba gikendeera wabula ate singa omuwendo gw’abaana abagemebwa gubeera nga gusse olwo ate emikisa gy’obulwadde buno okubalukawo giba gyeyongera.
Eddagala lino likola bulungi ne mu bantu abalina akawuka akaleeta mukenenya.
Obunafu bw'eddagala lino
Obukosefu butono nnyo bw'oyinza okufuna nga olw’okuzesezza eddagala lino era bumala akaseera katono. Muno muyinza okubaamu okulumizibwa mu kifo awagemeddwa wamu n'omusujja omutonotono. Eddagala weeriri nga lyo wabula lisobola okukozesebwa wamu n'eddagala eddala gamba nga; erigema amambuluga, "varicella vaccine” n'eddagala eddala.
Amagezi okuva mu kitongole kya WHO ku ddagala lino
Ekitongole ekya "World Health Organization" kisemba okukozesa eddagala lino okugema abaana abalina emyezi omwenda mu bitundu obulwadde gye butali nnyo ne mu baana abalina emyezi ekkumi n’ebiri mu bitundu obulwadde gye buli ennyo. Eddagala lino lya buwunga erisobola okutabulwa ne likubibwa mu mubiri gw'omuntu oba mu binywa nga liyisibwa mu mpiso.
Omuwendo gw'abalikozesa
Abaana 85% okwetoloola ensi yonna baagemebwa n'eddagala lino mu 2013. Mu 2008, amawanga 192 ge gaagema abaana n'eddagala lino.
Lyatandika ddi okukozesebwa?
Eddagala lino lyavumbulwa mu 1963. "Measeles_mumps_rubella" (MMR) lye lyasooka okutabulwa mu 1971. Eddagala lino liri ku lukalala lw'eddagala olw'ekitongole ky'ebyobulamu eky’ensi yonna ekya "World Health Organization" era si lya buseere.
Ennima ey'obutonde
Ennima ey'obutonde
Ennima ey'obutonde ekwata ku kulima okutaliimu kukozesa ddagala erikolebwa okutta ebiwuka ebitawaanya ebirime oba ebigimusa ebikoleddwa obukolebwa. Ekigendererwa ekikulu ky'ekyomulimi okuwa obutonde ekyo kyaggyira ddala obutereevu my butonde. Omulimi akkiririza mu kukozesa obutonde ng'abweyambisiza wamu n'ebyo ebiva mu ttaka, entambuza y'amazzi wamu n'abantu abetoolodde ennimiro. Omulimi akolera mu butonde okukolerera obutonde nga yeeyambisa obutonde, ng'assa ekitiibwa mu buli kintu ekiburimu mu nnima ey'obutonde. Ekigendererwa ekikulu mu nnima eno kwe kuwa obutonde ekyo kyonna kye bwetaaga awatali kukyusaamu.
Ebintu bitonotono ebirina okutwalibwa nga bya mugaso mu nnima ey'obutonde. Ekisooka ly'ettaka wamu n'ebiriisa byalyo ebiva mu bintu by'obutonde. Omulimi alina okussaayo omwoyo kw’ebyo by’aba ateesezza okukola mu bulambulukufu bwabyo wamu n'okufaayo okulabirira ettaka.
Kya mugaso okussa ebigimusa eby'obutonde mu ttaka buli lunaku obutayosa era nga kyangu okukola. Omulimi kye yetaaga kwe kutunuulira obutonde ibumwetoolodde omuli ebitundu ebisaawe, ennimiro wamu n'effumbiro. Omuddo ogusaayiddwa, ebisaaniiko ebivunze ebiva ku bimera n'emiti, ebisaaniiko ebiva mu ffumbiro byonna bisobola okutabulwa awamu okusobola okukola ebiriisa eby'obutonde ebyetaagibwa mu nnimiro. Okusobola okufuna amakungula agasinga obulungi, ettaka lyo ligattemu ebintu ebyo ebiva mu butonde.
Ekintu ekirala ekikulu ennyo ekirina okufiibwako mu nnima ey'obutonde bye bimera n'emiti ebinaakungulwamu. Kigambibwa okuba nti kya mugaso okusiga ensigo oba okusimba emiti emito egyo eginaatukana n'embeera y’obudde wamu n'ekika kyettaka. Kino kijja kukekkereza obudde nga tojja kwetaaga kuteeka nnyo birowoozo ku nkula yaabyo olw'ensonga nti obutonde nga bwo bujja kubiyamba okukula mu ngeri eyeeyagaza.
Ebibala n'enva endiirwa ebiva mu kukozesa ebintu eby'obutonde kigambibwa okuba nga bibeera biwoomu era nga n'ebiriisa ebifumbekeddemu bingi ddala. Kookolo azuuliddwa nga bukyali ebiriisa bino bisobola okuyamba okumuziyiza olw'ensonga nti emmere erimiddwa n'ebintu eby'obutonde emalawo omukisa gw'okuliiranga ebintu eby'obulabe ng'eddagala ly'ebirime, n’ebigimusa ebiyamba ebirime okukula amangu; nga bwe kiri nti mu nnima ey'obutonde temuba kukozesa ddagala ttabule. Eno y'emu ku ngeri ezisinga obulungi okusobola okubeera ng'omubiri gukola bulungi, gweyagaza era nga mulamu.
Ebirungi ebiri mu nnima ey'obutonde
Ennima y'obutonde y'enkola esobozesa okuggyawo obulabe obw'okulumbibwa sukaali, endwadde z'omutima wamu n’endwadde endala era ng'ekuwa bulungi omukisa gw’obubeera ng'oli kumpi n'obutonde wamu n'okufuna mu bujjuvu obulamu obuggya okuva mu butonde mwe nnyini. Eno engeri era ekekkereza ensimbi ezissibwa mu bulimi. Ennima y'obutonde eyamba okukuuma amazzi olwobutakozesa biragala, eyamba okuziyisa ekiriisa ekya Nitrogen obutaggwa mu ttaka. Efuula ettaka okubeera nga ddamu bulungi era nga lirimu ebiriisa, okufuna ebibala ebituukana n'omutindo gw'eggwanga. Ebimera ebitaliibwa nga ppamba era asobola okulimibwa oobulungi mu nnima ey'obutonde.
Ennima ey'obutonde erina emigaso emikulu ebiri:
Ogusooka ekukkiriza wamu n'aboomu makaago okukendeeza ku bungi bw'eddagala eririirwa mu mmere buli lunaku. Okulya ebibala n'enva endiirwa ebituukiridde kikendeeza ku bungi bw'eddagala ery'obutwa lye tulya mu bulamu bwaffe obwa bulijjo.
Ogw'okubiri ekuyamba okukola omulimu gwo mu kukuuma obutonde bw'ensi eri eddagala ery'obutwa. Ennima ey'obutonde kitegeeza nti tojja kubeera ng'okozesa eddagala eritta ebiwuka wamu n'ebigimusa ebitundibwa mu katale ebiyamba okwongera ku bulamu bw'ebirime. Mu kifo kya bino ojja kuba ng'okozesa ebintu ebirala eby'enjawulo okukuuma ebirime nga biramu era n'okuziyiza ebiwuka okusaasaanira ku bimera ebirala.
Otandikawo otya ennima ey'obutonde ng’oyita mu mitendera emyangu?
Waliwo emitendera mitono era emyangu gy'osobola okweyambisa okutandikawo ennima eyiyo ey'obutonde.
Sooka okebere ettaka lyojja okubeera ng'okozesa mu nnima ey'obutonde. Ettaka eddungi ate nga ddamu terijja kukuuma bukuumi bimera byo nga biramu kye kyokka wabula era lijja kuliikiriza n'ebiriisa eby'enjawulo. Osobola okugula ebikozesebwa ebibyo awaka by'osobola okukozesa okukebera ettaka lyo mu budde obukwanguyira. Ekirala osobola okusindika ekitundu ku ttaka lyo eri wofiisi etwala eby'obulimi mu kitundu kyo okusobola okulikebera.
Eky'okubiri kola enteekateeka y'ennimiro yo, nsigo ki na miti ki emito gy'osobola okusimba. Ku kino yongerako ne ku mutindo gw'ettaka lyo ng'ozuula bimera ki ebituukana n'ekika ky'ettaka lyo. Londa ebimera ebisobola okugumira embeera y'obudde, ettaka, amazzi wamu n'ekitangaala. Gezaako okugula endokwa ezisobola okulimibwa nga tokozesezza bigimusa oba ddagala lya birime. Kino kijja ku kuyamba okufuna emmere etaliimu ddagala lya butwa.
Eky'okusatu, tegeka ebintu okuva mu butonde ne nnakavundira eby'okukozesa mu nnimiro ey'obutonde ng'okuaanya eebisaniiko by’oggye mu nnimiro ne mu ffumbiro. Kino kijja kuyamba obutonde bw'ensi nga kikendeeza ku kuziika ebintu ebitalina mugaso mu ttaka, nga n'ekyokubiri kya bwereere ekiteetaagisa kussaamu nsimbi yonna okukikola.
Ekiddako, kola enteekateeka ku ngeri y'okufukiriramu ebirime ng'osinziira ku mbeera y'obudde n'ekiseera nga bwe kiri mu mwaka. Kiba kiirungi okufukirira ebirime mu budde obw'okumakya okusinga ekiro olw'ensonga nti embuyaga eba ekunta mpola ku makya era nga n'omukisa gw'ebimera okuvaamu amazzi nga gambuka mu bbanga guba guli wansi nnyo. Ekirala gezaako okufukirira emirandira okusinga ebimera.
Ekiddako, tandika okugula ensigo oba osobola okuggya mu nva endiirwa oba ebibala by'olina n'otandika okubisimba nga bwe wateekateeka era nga n'ennimiro ewedde.
Ekiddako, tandika okukoola. Guno gwe mulimu ogusingayo obwangu. Osobola okuyambibwako abaana bo bw'oba obalina oba n'oyita abaana okuva ku mulirwano okukuyambako mu kino.
Ekiddako osobola okutegeka okubikka ennimiro yo ng'okozesa omuddo omusale, ebiti ebitemeeteme, ebitiititi ebivudde ku bimera n'ebirala. Kya migaso nnyo okutegekera ennimiro yo ekisiikirize ekirungi ate era n'okutegeka engeri ennungi ey'okusobozesaamu ebimera okufuna omusana ogumala.
Ekisembayo nga buli kimu kiwedde, kibeera kiseera kya kulabirira wamu n'okukuuma ennimiro buli lunaku olukya. Osigaza obuvunaanyizibwa obw'okukutulako obutabi n'ebikoola ebiteetaagisa ku bimera, okubirambula okulaba oba nga tewali biwuka oba bisolo bya mu ttaka bibirumba era n'okuggyamu omuddo mu nnimiro yo obulungi ennyo. Njagala nnyo okukozesa ebimu ku bintu ebiri ku muko guno okwanguya ennima ya buli lunaku. Kya nkizo okwagala ennima ey'obutonde okusobola okufunamu ebibala ebirungi era ebijjudde ebiriisa. Beera musanyufu era weeyongere okulima.
Obulemu ku bwongo
Enfaanana y’obulemu buno
Obulemu ku bwongo[] kibinja kya bulema obw’olubeerera obukosa entambula. obulemu buno bulabika mu myaka gy’obulamu egisooka. Obubonero bw’ekizibu kino bwawukana mu bantu ab’enjawulo. Ebiva mu kizibu kino kuliko ebitundu by’omubiri okubeera nga tebikwatagana mu nkola y’ebintu eby’enjawulo, ebinywa okwesiba, ebinywa ebinafu, obuzibu mu kumira n’okwogera, okutya n’ebirala. Wasobola okubaawo era obuzibu mu ngeri obusimu bw’omubiri gye bukolamu, okulaba n’okuwulira. Abaana abalina ekizibu ku bwongp baba tebasobola kwekyusa, kutuula, kwavula oba kutambula nga kino kiviira ddala nga bakyali bato ddala. Okusanga obuzibu mu kulowooza n’okwesika birabikira mu bitundu kimu kya kusatu mu bubonero bw’endwadde eno. Wadde ng’obubonero buyinza okugenda nga bulabika ekiseera gye kigenda kyeyongera, naye ate byo ebizibu ebiva ku mbeera eno tebyeyongera kubijja luvannyuma lwa kiseera.
Ebireeta obulemu buno
Endwadde y’obwongo ereetebwawo enkula etali ya bulijjo oba okukosebwa ku bwongo obufuga entambula y’omubiri n’engeri gye gwenkanyankanya amaanyi mu bitundu byagwo eby’enjawulo. Ekizibu kino okusinga kibaawo mu biseera ng’omukyala ali lubuto, wadde ng’era bisobola okubaawo ng’omwana azaalibwa oba oluvannyuma lw’ebbanga ttono ng’omwana yaakazaalibwa. Ebiseera ebisinga ensibuko y’ekizibu kino temanyiddwa naye ng’ebimu ku biteeka omuntu mu katyabaga k’okufuna obulwadde buno kwe kuzaala omwana atatuuse, endwadde omukyala z’afuna ng’ali lubuto, okunywa ebitamiiza ng’ali lubuto, n’okufuna ekiwuggwe ku mutwe mu myaka gy’omuntu egisooka n’ebirala.
Obulemu bw’obwongo buno busobola okuziyizibwa okunga ng’omukyala agemwa era n’okukuuma abaana obutafuna buvune ku mitwe gyabwe nga kino kisoboka nga bassibwako obukuumi obw’enjawulo. Tewaliiyo ddagala liwonya bulema bwa bwongo wadde ng’eddagala erisobola okuyamba okutereezaamu lyo we liri. Ebiseera ebisinga ekizibu kino kisikirwa okuva ku bazadde. Omuntu asobola okumanyibwa ekika ky’obulemu ky’alina okusinziira ku buzibu bw’alina obulabika mu kiseera ekyo. Okugeza okwesiba kw’ebinywa n’obutakwatagana mu nkola y’omubiri. Okukeberebwa kusinziira ku nkula ya mwana oluvannyuma lw’ebbanga nga kino kikolebwa nga baggyibwako omusaayi okugukebera wamu n’okubakuba ebifaananyi mu malwaliro okusobola okuziyiza ebizibu ebirala ebiyinza okujjira ku bulemu buno.
Enzijanjaba
Okuweebwa eddagala n’okulongoosebwa bisobola okuyamba abantu bangi nga kino kitwaliramu okuzannyisa omubiri n’olulimi okukolebwa abasawo. Eddagala okuli diazepam, baclofen, ne botulinum toxin lisobola okuyamba okukkakkanya ebinya ebyesibye. Omuntu asobola okulongoosebwa okusobola okuwanvuya ebinywa wamu n’okusala emisuwa egiba gipika ennyo omusaayi. Ebiseera ebimu ebyuma ebiyamba ku bantu bano okukozesa emibiri gyabwe biba bya mugaso. Newankubadde nga waliwo eddagala ery’enjawulo erisobola okukozesebwa naye tewali bujulizi busobola kuweebwa kuwagira nkola yaalyo.
Obulema bw’obwongo obwoleka obutakwatagana na ntambula ya mubiri kisinga kulabikira mu baana bato. Kibaawo kumpi mu buli baana 2.1 ku baana 1,000 abazaalibwa nga balamu. Obulemu bw’obwongo butawaanyizza nnyo abantu okuviira ddala mu biseera eby’emabega. Ennyinyonnyola y’endwadde eno yalabikira mu biwandiiko bya Ba-Hippocrates mu kyasa eky’okutaano nga Yesu tannazaalibwa. Okusoma ku mbeera eno okwebuziba kwatandika mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’omwenda nga kwatandikibwa William John Little. Enzijanjaba nnyingi zoogeddwako ng’eya stem cell therapy naye ng’okunoonyereza ku kyetaagibwa okusobola okumanya oba nga terina bulabe bw’ereeta ku muntu.
Nnakimu w’omumwa n’ekibuno
Enfaanana ya nnakimu
Nnakimu w’omumwa n’ekibuno[] kye kibinja ky’embeera ezizingiramu nnakimu ow’omumwa n’ekibuno ng’omuntu alina ekimu ku byo oba byombi. Nnakimu ow’omumwa y’oyo abeera ng’omumwa gwa waggulu gwesalamu era nga gusobola n’okweyuza okutuuka ku nnyindo waggulu. Ekituli kino kisobola okubeera ku ludda lw’omumwa ogumu, gyombi oba mu makkati. Nnakimu ow’omumwa y’oyo omumwa ogwa waggulu we gubeereramu ekituli nga kigguka mu nnyindo. Nnakimu ow’ekibuno y’oyo aleetera ekibuno kya waggulu okuba nga kirimu ekituli ekigguka mu nnyindo. Ebizibu bino bisobola okuleetawo obuzibu mu kulya, okwogera, okuwulira n’okufuna endwadde z’amatu olutatadde.
Ebireeta obulema bwa nnakimu
Nnakimu ow’omumwa n’ekibuno abeerawo oluvannyuma lw’ebinywa ebikola ffeesi y’omuntu okulemererwa okwegatta obulungi mu kiseera ky’okutonda kw’omwana. Kino kye kimu ku bulemua obubeera mu baana abazaalibwa era nga n’ekikireeta tekimanyiddwa. Ebiyinza okussa omwana mu katyabaga k’okufuna ekizibu kino ye mukyala okunywa ssigala mu kiseera ky’olubuto, suukaali, maama okuzaala ng’akuze nnyo, omugejjo n’okukozesa eddagala erijjanjaba abo abeesika n’okugongobala. Ekizibu kino kisobola okukeberebwa ng’abasawo bakozesa ekyuma ekiwuliriza omwana ali mu lubuto.
Enzijanjaba ya nnakimu
Nnakimu asoboka okujjanjabibwa obulungi ng’omwana alongoosebwa. Bw’aba nnakimu w’omumwa, kikolebwa mu myezi emitono ng’omwana y’akazaalibwa ate ku nnakimu w’ekibuno, kikolebwa nga tannaweza myezi 18. Nnakimu ono alabikira mu baana 1-2 ku buli baana 1,000 abazaalibwa mu nsi ezaakula. Nnakimu ow’omumwa alabikira nnyo mu basajja akusinga bwe kibeera mu bakazi, so ng’ate ye nnakimu ow’ekibuno nga tekuli wa mumwa alabikra nnyo mu bakazi okusinga mu basajja. Mu mwaka gwa 2013 kyaviirako okufa kw’abantu abali eyo mu 3,300 mu nsi yonna okuva ku 7,600 abaafa mu 1990. Embeera eno gye buvuddeko yafaanaganyizibwanga omumwa gw’akamyu; wabula kati ekyo kitwalibwa ng’ekivumo.
Sayansi omwekebezzi(Imperical science)
Okusinziira ku Muwanga, sayansi omwekebezzi(empirical science) ye sayansi alimu okweyambisa akalombolombo ka sayansi(the scientific method) mu kwekebejja obutonde oba ekintu kyonna ky'aba yekebejja mu ngeri eya sayansi.
Novosibirsk
Novosibirsk, ekibuga mu Rwasha.
Novorossiysk
Novorossiysk, ekibuga mu Rwasha.
Kookolo
Kookolo[] kibinja kya ndwadde ezireetera obutoffaali bw’omubiri okukula mu ngeri etali ya bulijjo era ng’alina obusobozi bw’okusaasaanira mu bitindu by’omubiri ebirala. Si buli kizimba nti kibeera ne kookolo. Okugeza, waliwo ebizimba ebitasasaanira bitundu bya mubiri birala.
Obubonero
Obubonero okulabirwa kookolo kuliko: okuzimbazimba, okuvaamu omusaayi okutali kwa bulijjo, ekifuba ekitawona, okukendeera kw’obuzito bw’omubiri mu ngeri etategeerekeka n’enkyukakyuka mu ntambula y’emmmere mu kyenda n’ebirala. Wadde ng’obubonero obwo busobola okubeera nga bwa kookolo wabula era busobola n’okuleetebwawo ensonga endala. Waliwo ebika bya kookolo ebisukka mu kikumi ebimannyiddwa era nga bitawaanya nnyo abantu.
Ebireeta kookolo
Okunywa ssigala kikola ebitundu 22 ku buli bantu ekikumi abafa kookolo. Ekkumi ku kikumi eky’abantu abafa kookolo bo bafa lwa mugejjo, endya embi, obutakozesa mubiri dduyiro n’okunywa omwenge. Ebintu ebirala ebivaako kookolo kuliko; okusemberera awokyerwa ebyuma ebbugumu ne liyingira mu mubiri wamu n’ebyo ebijamawaza obutonde. Mu nsi ezikyakula, ebitundu abiri ku kikumi ebya kookolo bireetebwawo endwadde nga Omusujja gw’Ekibumba (Hepatitis B ne C) n’endwadde ezireetera ensusu z’abantu okulwala agatulututtu. Ensonga zino kye zikola kwe kugenda nga zikyusa endagabutonde ezibeera mu butoffaali bw’omubiri. Enkukakyuka y’endagabutonde y’omuntu y’esooka okubaawo nga kookolo tannaba kukula mu muntu. Ebitundu 5-10% ebya kookolo bireetebwawo ebizibu mu nzimba y’entondwa y’omuntu eyina okuba nga yasikirwa okuva ku bazadde b’omuntu.
Engeri y’okukebera kookolo
Kookolo asobola okuzuulibwa mu mubiri gw’omuntu ng’ayita mu kukeberebwa okw’enjawulo. Kino kyongera okukakasibwa ng’omuntu akeberebwa ng’ayita mu kukubwa ebifaananyi n’ebyuma ebiraba mu mubiri munda era n’okuggyibwako akanyama okukakebera n’ebyuma okuzuulira ddala oba nga kookolo mwali mu mubiri.
Engeri y’okutangiramu kookolo
Kookolo asinga obungi asobola okutangirwa ng’omuntu yeewala okufuuweeta ssigala, okukuuma omubiri nga guzitowa ekimala, obutanywa nnyo mwenge guyitiridde, okulya ennyo enva endiirwa, ebibala wamu n’emmere ey’empeke. Kuno kw’ogatta okugemebwa okuva eri ebirwadde eby’enjawulo, obutalya nnyo nnyama nga teyidde bulungi, n’okwewala okwokyebwa ennyo akasana. Okukeberebwa amangu n’ekyuma kiyamba okuziyiza kookolo w’omumwa gwa nnabaana ne kookolo ow’omu byenda. Wabula ku kookolo ow’omu mabeere kino kikyatankanibwa okuba nga kikola bulungi. Okubudaabudibwa okw’amaanyi kwetaagibwa eri abo abalina kookolo akulidde ddala. Emikisa gy’omuntu akwatiddwa kookolo gisinziira ku kika kya kookolo omuntu ky’alina wamu n’omutendera obulwadde kwe butuuse mu kiseera omulwadde w’atandikira obujjanjabi. Mu baana abali wansi w’emyaka ekkumi n’etaano abo abasobola okuwangaala emyaka etaano nga balina kookolo bali ku bitundu 80%, yo mu Amerika bali ebitundu 66%.
Kookolo mu nsi yonna
Mu mwaka gwa 2012 abantu abakunukkiriza mu bukadde kkumi na buna mu emitwalo kkumi be baakwatibwa kookola okwetoolola ensi yonna nga oggyeeko abo abaakwatibwa kokoolo w’olususu. Kino kyaviirako abantu abawerere ddala obukadde munaana mu emitwalo abiri okulusuulamu akaba; kwe kugamba, bye bitundu kkumi na bina ku kikumi ku bantu bonna abaafa mu mwaka ogwo. ebika bya kokoolo ebisinga okweerisa enkuuli mu basajja mulimu; kokoolo wa mawugwe, kookolo w’obusajja, kookolo w’ebyenda wamu ne kookolo w’omu lubuto. Mu mwaka gwa 2012 abantu obukadde 14,010,000 be baafuna ekirwadde kya kookolo, okwo nga tobaliddeeko kookolo wa lususu. Yaleetera abantu obukadde munaana n’emitwalo abiri okufa; ebyo bye bitundu kkumi na bina n’obutundutundu mukaaga (14.6%) ku kikumi ku muwendo gw’abantu abafa mu nsi yonna.
Kookolo asinga okutawaanya abasajja kuliko; kookolo w’amawuggwe, kokoolo w’obusajja, kookolo w’ebyenda ne kookolo w’omu lubuto. Mu bakyala ebika bya kookolo ebisinga okubatawaanya kuliko; kookolo w’amabeere, ow’omu byenda, ow’amawuggwe n’ow’oku mumwa gwa nnabaana. Singa kookolo ow’olususu abeera ng’abaliddwa ku bika bya kookolo ebirala, olwo abakyala abafuna kookolo baba bawera ebitundu 40%. Mu baana abato kokoolo w’omu musaayi ssaako n’ebizimba by’oku bwongo bye bisinga okulabika ennyo. Mu mwaka gwa 2012 abaana abali wansi w’emyaka 15 abali eyo mu mitwalo kkumi na mukaaga n’ekitundu (165,000) be bakeberebwa kookolo. Emikisa gy’okufuna kookolo gigenda gyeyongera buli omuntu lwakula era n’embeera y’obulamu nga bw’egenda ekyuka. Kookolo asinga kulabikira mu nsi ezaakula edda. Ensimbi ezisaasaanyizibwa mu kujjanjaba kookolo ziteeberezebwa okuba mu ddoola za Amerika $1.16 buli mwaka nga bwe kyali mu 2010.
EBYEWUNYISA KU MUSAJJA MUKASA MIKE
''' ENO Y'EMBOOZI YA MUKASA OMUSAJJA AYOGERA N'EMYOYO, KATONDA KO NE SITAANI. '''
EMBOOZI EYEWUNYISA.
EBIKWATA KU MUKASA:
"Amannya nze Mike Mukasa. Obulamu bwange nina omuggugu gwenetise nga ate sigwange, wabula gwa nsi eno".
Mukasa agamba nti omwoyo gwe gwogera nemwoyo (egy'abantu n'ensolo). Kino kyamuva mu buto naddala ku myaka kumi n'ettano (15). Yayagala okukyegyamu naye kyagana kuba kiri mu butonde.
Agamba talina nnyo diini era agenda mu sinzizo naye nga yeyisa nga Katonda bwayagala. Agamba mukusoka yali amanyi ffena bwetuli abantu, bweyakizula yali amannyi mulwadde mu bwongo nga byalaba ate ensi tebiraba!!
Mukasa agamba omwoyo gwe gwogera ne Katonda, sitani ko n'egyabasoka era tayagala nnyo kuziika bafudde olwokuba aba afudde ayogera naye.
EBIKWATA KU BAFU
Omwoyo gwe gukyalira abafu ne bamubuliira enaku gyebalina. Ebimu ebiri mu bafu ebibaluma, tebagala kubayita sitani n'okubba ebyabaffu (ebintu) ko n'okubonyabonya abaana babwe. Agamba, "bwoffa ng'olese omwanawo nga abonanabona ddala nga talina watudde, nawe toba namirembe; bwofa omanya nti ensi eno yekyasinze okunyuma, nebwobera mwavvu assembayo" naye ng'olyeno, Mukasa agamba nti, "singa buli omu afuna omukisa naffaako nadawo, ensi eno yandibadde tetumalamu n'okuta muno olw'ebyensi."