cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Omubiri okuggwamu omusaayi
Omubiri okuggwamu omusaayi
Anaemia Omuntu okuggwamu omusaayi afuuna obubonero ku mubirigwe. Obubonero bwe buno. <ref:wwf/lvceep/>
Obuyute
Obuyute
Adenoid Obuyute bulwadde era endwadde eno, kw’okuzimba obuyute nga mu bulago, munkwaawa ne nsanjaabavu. <ref:adentist/>
Emiramwa egyekuusiza ku kuva kw'ebintu(Concepts relate to the motion of things)
Nga amateeka ga sayansi agavumbuddwa be gabaddewo okuva Katonda lwe yatonda ensi, egimu ku miramwa gya sayansi gye twetaaga gyekweese mu bigambo bino ebibaddewo okumala emyaka mu lulimi lwaffe oluganda:
Mitwalo ebiri
Mitwalo ebiri (20.000), ennamba (mitwalo).
Emiramwa egyekuusiza ku kuva kw'ebintu(Concepts relate to the motion of things)
•	Okuva					(motion)
•	Omugendo					(continuous motion, movement)
•	Omugendo gw’amasanyalaze		( current)
•	Omugendo gw’amasoboza		( movement of energy)
•	Omugendo gw’ekitangaala 		(Light ray)
•	Embiro					(speed)
•	emisinde					(speed)
•	okutebentesa/okutebenta		(to accelerate)
•	Entebenta					(acceleration)
•	Entebentuka				(decelaration)
•	Okutolontoka			(to increase momentum)
•	Ekikolwa n’okuva mu mbeera(ensindikano)	(Action and reaction	)
•	Amateeka g’okuva				(the laws of motion)
•	Ekikolwa						(act)
•	Ensindikano oba okuva mu mbeera	 (reaction)
IALI NGO yakkirizibwa omunoonyeyerezi Charles Muwanga okuweereza ebyo okuva mu nzivuunulo ze ez'enjawulo. N'awe yongerezaako Buganda egende mu maaso.
Kkala z'Ekitangaala (the Colours of Light)
Gakuweebwa Charles Muwanga !!!Kkala z’Ekitangaala (the Colours of Light)
Ekitangaala ekirabika (Visible light) kye kitundu kya "endaga y’omugendo gw’amasannyalaze ne magineeti" (electromagnetic spectrum) amaaso gaffe agali obukunya kye gasobola okulaba.
Ekitangaala okuva ku njuba oba balibu y’amasanyalaze kitunula nga kyeru kyokka ekituufu kiri nti kiba mugattiko gwa kkala za musoke (rainbow colurs). Tusobola okulaba langi ez’enjawulo ez’endaga ya kkala za Musoke (ekkamiso=rainbow spectrum) nga nga twabuluza mu kitangaala ekyeeru n’ekigulumiro (prism=ekirawuli eky’ekigulumiro). Endaga (spectrum) era erabika bw’olaba “ekkamiso” (rainbow colours) mu lubaale.
Obutazaala
Obutazaala
Agenesia Obutazaala nayo ndwadde nnyo. Era obutazaala tebutengana na butabeera n’amannyi gakisajja. <ref:agnesia/>
Kkala z'Ekitangaala (the Colours of Light)
Kkala zino ziva ku emyufu (kasaayi) okutuuka ku mugattiko gwa bbululu, kakobe, ne kakyungwa. Wakati wa mmyuufu ne kakyungwa walilwo kyenvu, kiragala, bbululu, yindigo ne vayola. Kkala zino zirina obuwanvu bw’ejjengo, enziringana, n’amasoboza bya njawulo. Vayola alina obuwanvu bw’ejjengo obusinga obumpi mu ndaga y’ekitangaala ekirabika. Kino kitegeeza erina enziringana n’amaanyikasoboza ebisinga okuba waggulu. Mmyufu (kasaayi) erina obuwanvu bw’ejjengo obusingayo obuwanvu n’olwekyo langi emmyufu erina enziringana n’amasoboza ebisinga okubeera wansi.
Ekitangaala kitambula okuyita mu bwengula mu layini engolokofu kasita waba nga tewali kigyekiise mu maaso. Ekitangaala bwe kiba kiyita mu nnampewo, kyeyongerayo mu layini engolokofu okutuuka nga kiyingiridde molekyu za ggaasi, ebire oba enfuufu. Kino nga kibaddewo ekituuka ku kitangaala kisinziira ku buwanvu bwa jjengo bw’ekitangaala n’obunene bw’ekintu kye kisangirizza mu kkubo.
Patike z’enfuufu (dust), ebile, oba enfuufu n’obutondo bw’amazzi biba binene okusinga obuwanvu bw’ejjengo ly’ekitngaala. Ekitangaala bwe kitomela patike zino ennene, kikyusa ekkubo lyako (gets reflected) ne kibuna emiwabo okudda emabega. Langi z’ekitangaala ez’enjawulo zonna nazo zidda emabega mu ngeli y’emu nga zitomedde patike z’enfuufu n’obutondotondo bw’amazzi. Ekitangaala ekizze emabega kilabika ng’ekyeelu kubanga kiba kikyalimu langi za musoke zonna.
Molekyu za ziggaasi ntonoko okusinga obuwanvu bw’ejjengo ly’ekitangaala ekirabika. Ekitangaala bwe kiyingirira molekyu za ziggaasi, kyeyisa mu ngeli ya njawulo. Ekitangaala bwe kitomela molekyu ya ggaasi, ekimu kiyingizibwa (gets absorbed). Bwe wayitawo akaseela, molekyu efulumya ekitangaala nga kidda mu kkubo ery’enjawulo kwelyo lye kibaddemu. Langi efulumiziddwa eba kkala y’emu n’eyo eyayingiziddwa. Langi z’ekitangaala ez’enjawulo zikolebwaako mu ngeri za njawulo.
Engozo n'Engolo(Cams and Cranks)
Gakuweebwa Charles Muwanga !!Engozo n’engolo (Cams and Cranks)
Kkala z'Ekitangaala (the Colours of Light)
Kkala zonna ziyinza okuyingizibwa (absorbed) naye ezo ezilina enzilingana eza waggulu (nga eza bbululu) ziyingizibwa emirundi mingi okusinga ezo ezirrina enzilingana eza wansi (nga emmyuufu).Kino kiyitibwa “kusaasanya kwa Layila” (Rayleigh scattering). Kyabbulwa mu Lord John Rayleigh, munna fizikilogia omungeleza eyasooka okukizuula mu myaaka gya 1870.
Engozo n'Engolo(Cams and Cranks)
Engozo zitera kukiolera wamu n’akakono (rod). Engozo bwe yebonga (rotate) akakono kasigala mu kifo kimu okutuuka nga akebindu k’engozi  nga kasindise akakono okuva ku kakono k’engozo.
Kkala z'Ekitangaala (the Colours of Light)
N’olwekyo ng’obuziddwa Lwaaki ekikaayi (Olubaale) kya bbululu, ky’osooka okumanya kwe kuba nti ekitangaala kika ky’amaanyikasoboza (energy) agasobola okuyita mu bwengula. Nga bw’olaba ekitangaala ekiva mu balibu y’amasannyalaze, n’ekitangaala ekiva ku njuba kilabika okuba nga kyeelu kyokka mu butuufu guba mugattiko gwa kkala ez’enjawulo. Kkala ezili mu kitangaala ekyeelu mulimu emmyuufu, kakyungwa, kyenvu, kilagala, yindigo, bbululu ne vayola.Kklala zino osobola okuziraba obulungi ng’olabye musoke mu kikaayi (mu lubaale).
Engozo n'Engolo(Cams and Cranks)
Ekyebongozo kireetera enkunu (pistyon) okwebonga ng’edda wansi ne waggulu mu nkinu (cylinder).
Kkala z'Ekitangaala (the Colours of Light)
Ekitangaala okuva ku njuba kiba kyeelu kyokka ng’obweeru bwakyo bukolebwa mugatte gwa kkala za Musoke (rainbow colours). Kkala eya bululu kiba kitangaala ekitambulira mu bupaketi obutini okusinga obw’ekitangaala ekimyuufu.
Ekitangaala ekimyufu bwe kitomera nampewo. patiki z’ekitangaala zitomela molekyu ennene ez’empewo (ggaasi). Patike enneneko ez’ekitangaala emmyufu, kakyungwa, kyenvu n’ezimu eza kyenvu zisobola okuwagaanya okuyita mu molekyu z’empewo ne zikka wansi ku Ensi. Kyokka bu paketi bw’ekitangaala obutonotono, ekitangaala ekya bululu n’obumu obwa kiragala bulaalila ku molekyu ennene. N’olwekyo ekikaayi kirabika nga kya bbululu olw’ekitangaala ekya bbululu ekiba kiwagamidde waggulu mu nnampewo ate enjuba egwa (sunset) elabika nga mmyufu olw’ekitangaala ekimyufu ekiba kisobodde okuyita obuteleevu awali ekifundikwa ky’ekitangaala (enjuba).
Okumyuka kuyinza okulabibwa mu bifo eby’enjawulo mu kibuga naddala mu bifo awali empewo eyonooneddwa omukka, ekikaayi we kirabikira okuba ekimyufu ennyo.
Olwa patiki z’enfuufu ne munyale ennene ekimala okusaasanya ne paketi z’ekitangaala ezisinga obunene ng’ezo emmyufu. Ebikaayi (skies) ebya bululu ennyo, ku ludda olulala, bye bibaamu empewo ennungi, etayonooneddwa mikka mibi ela muno nga mwe musigala paketi z’ekitangaala ezisingayo obutono eza bululu ne vayola, eziba ziwagamidde mu bifo bya nampewo ebisinga okubeela waggulu.
Ntungamo (disitulikit)
Ntungamo nsi e disitulikit wa Yuganda. Obugazi: 2 051 km2. Abantu: 480 100 (2012).
Kalinjola (Screw)
Gakuweebwa Charles Muwanga !! Kalinjola (screws)
Zino z’ennyanguyirizi ez’enjola (Screws). Ennyanguyirizi ey’enjola kika kya kitendero ekyewunzifu (an inclined plane) ezingiriddwa ku nkinu (cylinder).
Mu kitendero ekyewunzifu (in an inclined plane0) empalirizo engolokofu (a linear force) mu kitendero ekigalamivu efuulibwa empalirizo esitula ng’edda waggulu mu busimba.
Kalinjola (screw) bw’enyoolebwa, enjola (screw threads) za kalinjola zisindika waggulu ku muti. Empalirizo ey’ensindikano (a reaction force) okuva mu muti n’esindika wansi okudda emabega ku njola.
Mu ngeri eno kalinjola edda wansi yadde ng’empalirizo enyoleza kalinjola eri mu kitendero kya bugalamivu. Kalinjola ziba n’ekikuubagano eky’amaanyi (high friction), ensonga lwaki zeyambisibwa okukunywereza ebintu awamu.
Ebiseera
Ekiseera ekyakayita/ekiyise
Ekiseera kino tukikozesa bwe tuba nga twogera ku kikolwa ekibaddewo oluvannyuma lw’essaawa mukaaga emabega nga kimaze okubaawo. Ekikolwa ekirimu ekiseera kino kiragibwa n’akabonero aka –e ku nkomerero yaakyo. Eby’okulabirako: -	Nkoze -	Nnyimbye -	Bakutte -	 Batambudde Mu ngeri yeemu, ekikolwa ekiyambi –badde kyeymbisibwa nnyo singa tuwandiika emboozi erimu ekikolwa ekiri mu kiseera ekyakayita. Okugeza; -	Abadde akola. -	Mubadde mulya. -	Babadde basoma.
Rubirizi (disitulikit)
Rubirizi nsi e disitulikit wa Yuganda. Obugazi: 994.8 km2. Abantu: 124 400 (2012).
Ebiseera
Ekiseera ekiriwo/ekya bulijjo
Ekiseera ekiriwo (present continuous) n’ekieera ekyabulijjo (present simple) mu Luganda bizibu okwawula mu mpandiika naye omuntu bw’abeera anyumya emboozi kiba kyangu okwawula ekiseera mw’aba ayogerera. Mu biseera bino byombi temuli buwango bubiraga era ekikolwa kisigala mu mbeera yaakyo nga tekikyusiddwamu. Eby’okulabirako:
Ekiseera ekinajja/ekijja
Tukozesa ekiseera ekijja bwe tuba nga tulaga nti ekikolwa kigenda kukolebwa mu bbanga eriri wakati w’essaawa omukaaga n’abiri mu ennya. Bwe tuba tuwandiika sentensi erimu ekiseera ekinajja, mu kikolwa twongeramu ennyingo eraga ekiseera ekyo –naa- era akawango ako tukawandiika oluvannyuma lw’okwandiika nakasigirwa enkozi. Eby’okulabirako;
Ekiseera ekirijja
Singa omuntu ayagala okwogera ku kikolwa ekiribaawo oluvannyuma lw’essaawa abiri mu nnya n’okweyongerayo akozesa ekiseera ekirijja era ekiseera kino kiragibwa n’akayingo ka -li- kawandiikibwa oluvannyuma lw’okuwandiika nakasigirwa enkozi. Eby’okulabirako: Ekiseera kino kyo tekirina kikolwa kiyambi.
Ekiseera ekyayise
Kino kibeerawo mu bbanga eriri wakati w’essaawa omukaaga n’ekkumi n’ebbiri okuva ekikolwa we kyakoleddwa. Ekiseera kino kigatta ebintu bibiri, ekiseera ekyayita, kye tulaga n’akawango –a- ate n’ekiyise kye tulaga n’akawango –e-. Awo nno, akawango akalaga ekiseera kino ke kano, -a-e. Okugeza; Asoma ____yasomye
Ekiseera ekyayita
Kino kibeerawo okusukka essaawa abirimu nnya okweyongerayo okuva ekikolwa lwe kyakolebwa era nga kiragibwa n’akabonero aka -a-. Okugeza;
References
A Luganda Grammar by E. O. Ashton, E. M. K. Mulira, E. G. M. Ndawula, A. N. Tucker
Ebinnalinnya(Eponyms) as a technique for formation of Luganda scientific concepts
IALI NGO has been authorized by terminologist Charles Muwanga to post this article from his Luganda scientific terminology research work for free public consumption.
Łódź
Łódź, ekibuga, Bupoolo.
Ebinnalinnya(Eponyms) as a technique for formation of Luganda scientific concepts
Binnalinnya (Eponyms)
Łódź
Awamu: 293 km²
Ebinnalinnya(Eponyms) as a technique for formation of Luganda scientific concepts
Ekinnalinnya (epynom) simply means “ekigambo ekibbuddwa mu linnya ly’omuntu (a word formed from the name of a real or fictitious person). The Luganda concept for rainbow, “Kkala za Musoke” is an eponym and so are the days of the week in Luganda.
Łódź
Abantu: 700 982 (2015)
Ebinnalinnya(Eponyms) as a technique for formation of Luganda scientific concepts
We can talk of “Endaga ya Kkala za Musoke” or Ekkamuso (rainbow colours) named from an ancient Buganda researcher on the phenomenon called “rainbow”. The English names of the planets (enkulungo) in our solar system are all eponyms named after the Roman gods and goddesses. I have likewise opted to attempt to name the planets in Luganda after some of the great thinkers of ancient Buganda given below:
Eddagala eriyitibwa Mwambala zitonya
Eddagala eriyitibwa Mwambala zitonya
bottlebrush tree mwambala zitonya, guno muti gwa ddagala. abantu bagusimba mu nimiro zabwe ate era n’awaka. mwambala ziktonya awonya endwadde nnyingiko nga mwe muli zino, N’endwadde nnyingi nnyo.
Ebinnalinnya(Eponyms) as a technique for formation of Luganda scientific concepts
Position from the sun	Planet 	Etymology
Eddagala eriyitibwa Mwambala zitonya
Eddagala eriyitibwa Mwambala zitonya
<ref:wwf/lvceep/> <ref:callistemon citrinus/>
Ebinnalinnya(Eponyms) as a technique for formation of Luganda scientific concepts
1	Kiwanuka (Mercury)	Ancient researcher on the cause of the lightening
2	Ddungu (Venus)	Ancient hunter and animal researcher from Mabira Kyaggwe
3	Ensi (Earth)	This was borrowed from the English word “Earth”
4	Mukasa (Mars)	Ancient researcher on  the movement of  winds on lake Victoria (Nalubaale)
5	Kisuule (Saturn)	17th century Royal gunsmith for Kabaka Mutesa I and Mwanga II
6	Kibuuka (Jupiter)	Ancient military strategist and warrior
7	Nagaddya (Uranus)	Ancient medicine woman
8	Ggulu (Neptune)	Ancient researcher on the universe (the heavens)
9	Nakayima (Pluto)	Ancient Medicine woman
Our sun, “Enjuba Muwanga”, is also an eponym because it is named after the ancient Ganda Thinker, Muwanga, who was himself a student of Wanga and one of the ancient Philosophers of Buganda.
Seppulingi (Spring)
Gakuweebwa Charles Muwanga !!Seppulingi (springs)
Ekintu eky’enkizo mu kutereka amasoboza amatereke ye seppulingi.
Ebintu bingi, okuva ku masaawa okutuuka ku butida bikozesa seppulingi. Seppulingi zirimu ezo ez’amakata (coil) n’ey'oluuma oba olubaati olwewetamu. Omugaso gwa seppulingi ogusooka kwe kuzza ekintu mu kifo mwe kibadde.
Seppulingi zikozesebwa okupima empalirizo, nga zino ze seppulingi eziba mu minzaani. Omugaso omulala kwe kutereka amasoboza.
Seppulingi zikola emigaso egyo gyonna buli kiseera kyokka waliwo ennyanguyirizi ezikolebwa okweyambisa seppulingi mu ngeri ez’enjawulo.
Rukungiri (disitulikit)
Rukungiri nsi e disitulikit wa Yuganda. Obugazi: 1 444.9 km2. Abantu: 321 300 (2012).
Ekigaaniro (Inertia)
Enkyukakyuka mu mugendo (okuva) teggirawo olw’okutolontoka okubaawo. Okukendeeza ebiro, okwongeza embiro n’okukyusa obwolekero zonna kyukakyuka mu kuva oba mu mugendo gw’ekintu oba omuntu.
Engeri yokka ey’okukyusa omugendo gw’ekintu kwe kuteeka empalirizo (to apply a force) ku kintu ekyo. Bw’osimula omupiira mu kisaawe ekiguleetera okuyimirira kiba mpalirizo za kikuubagano (frictional forces) eziba ziketeekeddwako.
Ekigaaniro kiba kya mbiro, kino nga kiba kigendana n’enzitoya (proportional to mass), ekitegeeza nti ekintu ekizitowavu (massive) okusingawo kiba kizibuwavu okuseetula oba okuyimiriza okusinga ekiwewufu, yadde ne kusafeesi etalina kikuubagano.
Ensigo
Ensigo Eremereddwa
Anuria Buno obulwadde bw’ensigo nga eremereddwa okukola omusulo obulungi.Belaba bulwadde buno laba omusawo mubwangu. <ref:anuria/>
Labbabbandi(Rubberband)
Gakuweebwa Muwanga !!Labbabbandi
Labbabbandio (Rubber Bands)   nayo kika kya seppulingi lwa kuba nti yo ereguuga okusinga seppulingi
Kokolo
Kokolo
cancer Obulwadde bwa Kokolo bwebuleeteera obutafaali mu mubiri okunafuwa. Kokolo alimu ebika ebya buli ngeri. <ref:cancers/>
Sheema (disitulikit)
Sheema nsi e disitulikit wa Yuganda. Obugazi: 699.1 km2. Abantu: 220 200 (2012).
Ensikiso (Pulleys)
Gakuweebwa Charles Muwanga !! Ensikiso (Pulleys)
Ensikiso nazo zeyambisa namuziga okukola. Ensikiso eba nnyanguyirizi esookerwako ekolebwa mu namuziga ey’akakyaakya (grooved wheel), ekikono n’olukoba oba olugwa olusikibwa nga lusibiddwajko ekizito ku luuyi olulala, ne luyiringitira ku namuziga nga lutwala waggulu ekizito gye giba kyetaagisa okutikkulirwa.
Ensikiso zikozesebwa okugonza oba okwanguyiriza ensitula y’ekizito. Ensikiso ekola ng’esika wansi olugwa oluyiringitira ku namuziga. Ekizito olwo kkyo kiba kidda waggulu. Ensikiso bbiri oba okusingawo ziyinza okukozesebwa wamu okuzisobozesa okwanguya okusitula ebizito ebizitowa n’okusingawo.
Eby’okulabirako ky’ennyanguyirizi ez’ensikiso mulimu ebyozangoye (washing machine), ebikazangoye (clothes driers), n’ebisituzo (cranes).
Ennyanguyirizi ezisookerwako eziyitibwa ensikiso zisobozesa okusitula ebizito n’olugwa mu bwangu okuyita mu kukyusa obwolekero bw’empalirizo buli lw’ogattako ensikizo endala. Mu bungi kisigala “nsikiso” (pulleys). Jjukira nti emiramwa “essikirizo” (gravity), “ensikirizo” (magnetic attraction), ne “ensikiso” (pulley) byonna biva mu kikolwa eky’okusika (to pull). Wetegereze enjawulo mu mpandiika n’amakulu gabyo mu sayansi.
Ensikiso kifundiwavo ky’ekigambululo “ekyo ekisika ekizito”. Ensikiso zikozesebwa okukyusa obwolekero bw’empalirirzo eba eteekeddwa ku kintu oba okuteekawo ekikwanaganyo ky’empalirizo n’obuwanvo (to provide a force/distance trade off) okwongereza ku kukyusa obwolekero. Wano wansi olaba “enkizo ey’ekitambuzo” (mechanical advantage).
Ng’akozesa enkizo ey’ekitambuzo eya 2 ku 1, omusajja mu nsikirizo eno, omusajja asika olugwa ekiviiramu ekizito okudda waggulu.
Ensikiso zanguya embiibya kubanga zikozesa nkoba oba emigwa okuweereza oba okuyisaawo empalirizo mu kifo ky’ekintu ekigumu nga olubaawo oba ekitayimbwa. Ebikoba biyinza okuyisibwa mu buyitiro obwa buli kika. Ebikoba biyinza okukyusa obwolekero embagirawo mu mpimo satu awatali kutataagagnya kwonna. Ebikobwa biyinzaokwetoloozebwa safuta ya mota nga mota bwe yetoloola.
Bendera ku ewanikibwa okuyita mu nnyanguyirizi ey’ensikiso.
Ensikiso enzibuwavu (Complex pulleys)
Ebikoba birina enkizo kubanga engeri gye bikolamu tekosebwa buwanvu. Singa ekikono ky’ekisuubo kiba kiwanvu nnyo, kiba tekisobola kuwatanya bipimo bya mpalirizo ekyo ekimpi kye kye kiyinza okukolako.
Mu kisuubo okutambuza obuwanvu obugere nga wakava ku kayiringiro, enkomerero y’ekisuubo erina okutambula obuwanvu obugendana n’obuwanvu bwayo .Obuwanvu bw’ekisuubo bwe bweyongera, obusobozi bw’ekisuubo okukutuka awantu wonna kubuwanvu bwalwo buba bweyongera.
Ensengekera z'entababutonde(Ecological systems)
Gakuweebwa Muwanga !
Ensengekera z’entababutonde(Ecological systems) zirimu:
(a)	Entababutonde eza semazzi .Zino zirimu:
•	Ensengekera z’entababutonde ezo mu semayanja ne waluyanja (Marine ecosystems). Amazzi g’entababutonde zino gaba mannyowavu, ekitegeeza nti gaba ga lunnyo. •	Ensengekera z’entababutonde ez’amazzi agattali mannyowavu (Freshwater ecosystems). Muno mubaamu ensengekera z’entababutonde ezo mu nnyanja, emigga , emyala, entobazi , n’enzizi(inland water ecosystems)
(b)	Entababutonde eza nalukalu(Land systems) .Muno mulimu ebibira, ensaalu, n’ettale, eddungu, embalama z’ennyanja , semayanja n’emigga
Ensengekera y'amasitukiro(the Skeletal system)
"Ensengekera y’amasitukiro" (The Skeletal System)
"Amasitukiro"(skeleton) kiva mu kugattika bigambo(blending) bya Luganda "amagumba omubiri kwe gusitukira". Muwanga agamba nti kino kikkaatiriza nnyo omugaso gw'amagumba gano eri ebiramu okusinga okugayita "ebisigalira", ebitalaga mugaso gwago eri biramu wabula okulaga nti ekiramu bwe kifa amagumba ge gasigalawo nga omubiri guvunze.
Ensengekera z’amasitukiro (skeletal systems) ziri mu ngeri za njawulo. Waliwo "amasitukiro agali  ku ngulu"(exoskeleton) ne "amasitukiro agali munda" (exoskeleton) mu mubiri.
Ebiwuka n’ebikongojja( Insects and crustaceans) birina ensengekera z’amasitukiro agali ku ngulu  kw’emibiri gyabyo   (exoskeleton).
Ebiramu nga ebyennyanja ebimunyeenyo(starfish) tebirina magumba naye ebisitukiro byabyo bikolebwa bitengejjeso munda mwa tyubu  eziri mu mibiri byazo.Ensengekera z’ebisitukiro ebyekitengejjeso(fluid skeretal systems) ziyitibwa nakazzi ez’entagenda(hydrostatic). Namba zonna ezsangibwa wabweru w’amazzi zetaaga ensengekera y’amasitukiro ag’engeri emu oba endala emibiri gyazo kwe gisitukira n’okuzikugira.
Ismail Watenga
Ismail Watenga (yazaalibwa nga 15 1995) Munnayugandan omukugu mu kusamba omupiira ng'azannya nga omukwasi wa ggoolo mu kilaabu ya Vipers S.C.
Ensengekera y'amasitukiro(the Skeletal system)
Okutwalira awamu ekigendererwa ky’ensengekera y’amasitukiro kwe kukuuma ebitundu by’omubiri ebimu ate era n’okusitukirako omubiri gw’ekiramu.
Ismail Watenga
Emirimu gye gy'ebulaaya
Mu Gusooka 2014, omutendesi Milutin Sredojević, yamuyita okwegata ku Ttiimu ya Uganda ey'omupiira mu mpaka za 2014 African Nations Championship. Ttiimu yamalira mu kifo ky'akusatu ku mutendera gw'ekibinja mu mpaka oluvannyuma lw'okukuba Burkina Faso, nga basibagana ne Zimbabwe, n'okuwangulwa Morocco.
Ensengekera y'amasitukiro(the Skeletal system)
Ensengekera eno ekola ki ?
Twayogedde dda ku kigendererwa ky’ensengekera y’amasitukiro (skeletal system). Okukuum ebitundu by’omubiri ebiyinza okutuukako amangu obuvune n’okusitukirwako omubiri z’ensonga enkulu ebbiri lwaki ebiramu biba n’ensengekera z’amasitukiro.
Mu mubiri gwo, amasitukiro (the skeleton ) gakolera wamu ddala n’ensengekera y’emifumbi(muscle system) okukusobozesa okutambula (okuva mu kifo). Awatali magumba agakola amasitukiro go, wandibadde nga tyubu y’emiwuula egijjudde amazzi. Amagumba ge gakola ekibago(framework) emifumbi n’ebitundu byo kwe byekwata. Amasitukiro go era gawa obukuumi ebitundu eby’okwegendereza nga obwongo obukuumirwa mu kawanga(skull).
Ekiwanga
Ekiwanga
Bw'Owulira nga azibikidde ennyindo bubeera bulwadde bw' Kiwanga Lya katunguluccumu, oba kozesa kisubi kya kyaayi.
<ref: poaceae ex gramneae/>
Herman Wasswa
Herman Wasswa (yazaalibwa nga 14 Ogwekkuminebiri 1993) Munnayuganda, musambi w'amupiira azannyira mu makkati ng'anyira Kilaabu ya Police FC.
Ddagala eriyitibwa Mwambala zitonya
Eddagala eriyitibwa Mwambala zitonya
bottlebrush tree mwambala zitonya, guno muti gwa ddagala. abantu bagusimba mu nimiro zabwe ate era n’awaka. mwambala ziktonya awonya endwadde nnyingiko nga mwe muli zino, N’endwadde nnyingi nnyo.
<ref:wwf/lvceep/> <ref:callistemon citrinus/>
Using Ebifundiwazo (Acronyms) to form scientific concepts in Luganda
“Ekifundiwazo” (acronym) is a blend from the words in the phrase “ekigambo ekyatulwa mu bufunze bw’ensirifu” (initialized word spoken out as a full word). “Okufundiwaza” (acronymizing) is a word formation process which is a subtype of blending. Did you know that the word “acronym” itself is an abbreviation?
An acronym in full is: “A Common Representation of Names you must shorten”. It is said that the English word “NEWS” is an acronym from initials or abbreviations of the words “North” abbreviated (N), “East” abbreviated (E),“West” abbreviated (W) and South abbreviated (S). The implication is that information broadcast by media houses should come from all the directions.
Other Important English acronyms which we cannot avoid using in Scientific Luganda are “LASER” and “RADAR”. “LASER” is an acronym for "Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation” in Luganda we simply call it “Ekyongezamasoboza ga Kitangaala” whose acronym is “EKYOKI”. “Amasoboza” is energy, “Ekyongezamasoboza” is amplification and “ekitangaala” is light. This is made possible by what we call “okwongeza enfulumya y’emigendo gy’olubugumu”, Luganda for “stimulated emission of radiation”. Laser-guided bomb is “bbomu egoberera amasoboza g’ekitangaala” or “Bbomu y’ekyoki”.
“Radar” is an acronym for “Radio Detection and Ranging”, in Luganda I have called it “Ekiketto eky’Amayengo ga Leediyo”. The acronym is “EKIKENGO”. So the Luganda concept for “RADAR” is “EKIKENGO”. Ekiketto kiva mu kikolwa kya kuketta (to detect).
Kino kyeyambisibwa okuketta, okubaza obuwanvu n’okukuba ebifaananyi b’ebiddukira mu bwengula ng’ennyonyi oba enkuba mu bwengula nga weyambisa “amayengo ga lediyo” (radio waves). Amayengo ga lediyo ag’amaanyi gafulumizibwa olwo ori gwe gatuukako n’awuliriza okufuna amaddannyuma (reflected echoes). Generally you can see that an acronym is a set of abbreviations formed by the initials of two or more words. These components may be:
I.	Individual letters. Like the letters making up a word  such as  the Luganda  math word “NESI “(for English GCF) or EESE the Luganda math word for  English LCM. “NESI” in full is Nambuluzo Eyawamu Esingayo (Greatest Common Factor) and EESE in full is Enkubise Eyawamu Esembayo (Lowest Common Multiple).
II. Parts of words. This makes acronyms closely related to blends in some instances. A good example is the Luganda concept of EKKAMUSO an acronym from the Words “Endaga ya Kkala za Musoke” which is Luganda for “the Rainbow Spectrum”. So is the acronym EKYOKI (Rasor) from the words “Ekyongezamasoboza ga Kitangaala” and the acronym “EKIKENGO” (RADAR) from the Luganda words “Ekiketto eky’Amayengo ga Leediyo”.
Ebiwangagano(Gears)
Gakuweebwa Charles Muwanga !!Ebiwangagano oba Ebiwango (gears) nakyo kika kya namuziga n'enjuziso. Ennyanguyirizi esookerwako eya namuziga n’ekikono (wheel and axle) esobozesa ekintu okuva mu kifo okuyita mu kwetoloola (rolling) olw’okukendeeza ekikuubagano.
Mu nnyanguyirizi eza namuziga n’ekikono mulimu motoka, eggaali, ekigaali, ebimotoka ebizannyisibwa abato, okunokoolayo ebimu.
Nzingu
Nzingu
Hallea nibostipuluta tree. Muti guno Nzingu gulina emigaso mingi nnyo. Tugufunako enku, embaawo, tugukolamu Amanda era n’amaato agavuba ebyenynyanja. Nzingu alimu ekriisa ettaka. <ref:rubiaceae/>
Ebiwangagano(Gears)
Wombi mu nsuubo n’ekitendero ekyewunzifu, empalirizo yeyongera buli lw’okendeeza obuwanvu bw’olugendo. Mu namuziga n’ekikono era kino kye kimu; omugendo gwa namuziga guvaamu omugendo omumpi naye nga gwa maanyi ku kikono. Namuziga n’ekikono kitwalibwa nga ekisuubo ekyetoloovu (circular lever). Ebintu bingi bikolera ku namuziga n’ekikono, gamba nga ekisimiso eky’enjola (screw driver), ne siteeringi (steering wheel).
Eno eggaali (bicycle) nayo nnyanguyirizi ya namuziga n’ekikono Ekigaali (wheel barrow) nakyo namuziga ya kikono.
Omunyolo guno wansi bw’ogunyoola nagwo gukola nga namuziga n’ekikono. Ate ekkufulu eno ng’obadde otaddemu ekisumuluzo eba nnyanguyirizi ya kika ki?
Ebiwangagano n’Ebikoba (Gears and Belts)
Ensengekera ya namuziga n’ekikono efuuka ya mugaso nnyo singa bigattiddwa ku biwangagano n’ebikoba.
Ebiwangagano bikozesebwa okukyusa obwolekero oba emisinde gy’omugendo kyokka okukyusa emisinde gy’ekyetoloola ekifuulannenge (changing the speed of rotation inversely) kirina kye kikola kumpalirizo eba eweerezebwa. Ekiwangano ekitono (small gear) nga kiwangiddwa n’ekiwangagano ekinene kiba kyetoloola okusingawo kyokka nga kikozesa empalirizo ntono. Waliwo ebiwanganano ebisookerwako birina amaanyo agewangagana.
Ebiwangagano bireetera ekidduka okwongeza oba okukendeeza omuliiro n’okwongeza empalirizo ey’okuweta. Ebiwangagano bisangibwa mu bidduka ng’emotoka, eggaali, n’ennyanguyirizi endala.
Eddagala eriyitibwa Eppaapaali
Eddagala eriyitibwa Eppaapaali
<ref:wwf/lvceep/> <ref:carica papaya/>
Entababiramu (Biomes)
Entababiramu (Biomes)
Entababiramu kye ki?
Entababiramu ziba nsengekera za ntababutonde omusangibwa ebiwangaaliro (habitats) eby’enjawulo. Entababiramu kitwaliramu embeera z’enkulungo y’ensi ez’ebimera, ensolo, n’obulamu obulala bwonna obusangibwa mu ttaka.
Ensi ntababiramu emu ennene erimu entababiramu ez’enjawulo entono omuli :
N’endala
Okujjanjabisa obutonde
Okujjanjabisa obutonde kuyinza okutumbula embeera z'obulamu bwaffe mungeri ey'ewuunyisa. Ekizibu ekikyaatulemessazza enkola eno kw'ekubulwaawoamateeka agayinza okulungamya enkola eno nga bwekiri munsi endala ez'akulaakulana edda.
Lubyamira
Lubyamira
Lubyamira bulwadde buleeta ne Senyiga ate era n’emimiro okuluma. Kozesa kisubi kya kyaayi
Musaali
Musaali
Guttiferae tree. Omuti ogw’omusaali gulina migaso mingi ddala. Tufunako emmere ey’ebibala. Bibala tubikozesa mu kukla omubsi. Emitti gino givaako enku, Amanda n’embaawo. <ref:Garcinia buchananii/>
Lubyamira
Lubyamira
<ref: poaceae ex gramneae/>
This is a disease that is a combination of several other diseases and the only way of identifying it is by its several signs and symptoms. -Fever -Soar throat -Dry Cough -Chest pain -Diarrhea -Loss of appetite
Eddagala eriyitibwa Akagobadogo
Eddagala eriyitibwa Akagobadogo
chenopodium Akagobadogo nalyo ddagala er livumukla endwadde nga zino, Nendala nnyingi nnyo. <ref:wwf/lvceep/> <chenopodium ambrosioides L/>
Eteeka ly'entobazi
Eteeka ly'entobazi
Eteeka ly'entobazi lyateekebwawo Gavumenti ya Uganda era Ebigendererwa bya Gavumenti ku’mateeka agafuga obutonde bw’ensi byebino.
<ref:wwf/lvceep/>
Trindade
Trindade, ekibuga, Brasil.
Abantu - Geogurafiya
Awamu: 713,2 km².
Abuntu: 119.385 (2009).
Mukoma
Mukoma
Grevia mollis tree. Guno omuti mulungi nnyo. Tugufunako enku, embaawo ate era n’emiggo egirunda ente awamu n’emiggo egikwatibwa mungalo. Mukoma era ly’erinnya eddala erya Mukomakoma <ref:Tiliaceae/>
Okisigyeni(Oxygen)
Gakuweebwa Charles Muwanga !!! "Akaziba ka okisigyeni" ,ekitegeeza "Atomu ya Okisigyeni" (Oxygen atom).
Enjuba bw’eba ekyusizza atomu za nayitogyeni, efuuka omulangatira omumyufu, n’etandika okufuuka obuziba (atomu) bwa keriyamu, obwa kaboni ne okisigyeni.
Okisigyeni yenna mu bwengula yakolebwa mu njuba munda. Kati keriyamu yenna bwe yakozesebwa, omulangaatira omumyufu ne gutandika okukyusa kaboni ne okisigyeni okuzifuula obuziba(atomu) obuzito okusingawo nga sirikoni ne kkalwe.
Enjuba, omulangaatira omumyufu bw’ebwatuka n’efuuka semufu (supernova), obuziba(atomu) bwa kaboni ne okisigyeni obusigaddewo buwaguza ne bufuluma, olwo ne bufuuka kitundu ky’enkulungo nga Ensi. Akaziba ka okisigyeni kaba kazito okusinga aka ayidologyeni oba aka keriyamu era nga kazito okusinga aka kaboni. Kino kiva ku kuba nti akaziba(atomu) ka okisigyeni kaba n’obukontanyo 8, nampawengwa 8 n’obusannyalazo 8 obuweweenyuka okwetoloola ekire ekisembayo ku ngulu mu kaziba(atomu).
Obuziba bwa okisigyeni butwala ekifo kimu kya kuna ¼ eky’empewo yonna ku nsi era bwetaagisa mu kussa kw’ensolo zonna ezimuyingiza. Obumu ku buziba(atomu) bwa okisigyeni bwegatta ne kaboni okukola kaboni-bbiri-okisayidi (carbondioxide) ebimera gwe biyingiza mu kussa. Obuziba bwa okisigyeni obulala bwegatta n'obuziba bwa ayidologyeni bubiri okutandekawo molekyo y’amazzi.
Obuziba bwa okisigyeni era bwekyusa mu buziba(they react) ne molekyo za kaboni owa nakazzi (hydro carbon molecules) oba ebyuma ebimu nga magineziyamu okukola omuliro era ziyinza okwekyusanya mu buziba n’ebyuma ebirala nga kkalwe okukola entalaggo (rust).
Sophie Alal
Sophie Alal munayuganda Omuwandiisi, munnamateeka, mutontomi, munnamawulire era omwekenneenya w'eby'obuwangwa. Afulumya ebitabo ku Deyu African, ekitongole ekikola ku by'obuwangwa. Yawangula ekirabo kya Beverley Nambozo Poetry Award mu 2010 olw'omuzannyo gwe Making Modern Love. Emboozi ze enyimpi zafulumizibwa mu Kalahari Review, Lawino Magazine, AfricanColours ne START journal. Abadde akola ng'omuwandiisi w'olupapula lw'amawulire oluyitibwa The EastAfrican, African Colours magazine ne Global Press Institute. Alina diguli esooka mu by'amateeka okuva mu Makerere University.
Algeria
Algeria, ggwanga mu Afirika. Ekibuga ky'ensi ekikulu kiyitibwa Algiers.
Luganda scientific concepts formed by semantic extension
Okugaziya amakulu (Semantic extension)
In terminology, you can form a new concept by broadening the meaning of an existing word or phrase in your vernacular, which word is close in meaning to the foreign concept you intend to adopt in order to accommodate a new but indirectly or closely related meaning. For example:
EMPEEKERA NNAKONGEZAKIKOLWA
EMPEEKERA NNAKONGEZAKIKOLWA Adverbial Clauses
Clause bibeera bigambo ebiba biwandiikiddwa nga biri wamu era nga mulimu ekikolwa, naye tebimalaayo bulungi makulu. Mu Luganda tulina clauses ezimanyiddwa obulungi era ze zino era nga ziri mu biti bitaano.
Empeekera Nakongezakikolwa ey’ensonga
Adverbial clause of reason
Empeekera eno buli lw’ekozesebwa eba ewa ensonga enkulu eyavaako ekikolwa ekiba kiri mu “clause” okukolebwa oba ekikolwa ekyo okubaawo. Mu bufunze eba eddamu ekibuuzo “LWAKI”. Eby’okulabirako:
Omukyala yanoba kubanga yakoowa emiggo. Abaana tebakyasoma kubanga ebisale by’essomero birinnye nnyo. Omusomesa takyajja kubanga omusaala afuna mutono
Weetegereze:
Ebitundu ebisaziddwako mu mboozi ezo waggulu bye tuyita empeekera nakongezakikolwa ez’ensonga.
Empeekera nnakongezakikolwa ey’ekiseera
Adverbial clause of time
Empeekera eno bw’ekozesebwa eba eraga ekikolwa ekikulu mu sentensi wekyakolerwa era empeekera eno eba edda mu kibuuzo “ddi?”. Eby’okulabirako: Yatuuka ku ssomero ng’abaana bayingira. Baatubikra omufu ng’obudde busasaana. Mugerwa yatuuka e Nateete ku ssomero nga Kyagaba yaakadda eka.
Empeekera Nakongezakikolwa ey’empisa
Adverbial clause of manner
Eby’okulabirako: Namusoke atambula nga yenna yeerinnyako. Namukasa adduka ng’atunuulira akabina ke. Musisi alya ng’atalumwa njala. Taata atema oluku ng’atalina maanyi.
Empeekera nakongezakikolwa ey’ekifo
Empeekera eno ekozesebwa okulaga ekifo ekikolwa we kiba kikolerwa oba we kyakolerwa era eba eddamu ekibuuzo “wa?”.
Eby’okulabirako:
Empeekera nakongezakikolwa eyakakwakkulizo
Empeekera eno efaananako ne sentensi eziri mu mbeera eyakakwakkulizo (conditional mood). Empeekera eno eba etulaga ekintu ekirina okusooka okubaawo n’ekirala kiryoke kibeewo. Ekyo ekirina okusooka okubaawo kye tuyita akakwakkulizo.
Eby’okulabirako:
Weetegereze:
Ebiseera ebimu empeekera nakongezakikolwa zitabulwatabulwa ne nakongezakikolwa “adverbs”. Wabula omuntu abeera alina kutegeera bino; Nakongezakikolwa kiba kigambo kimu ekinnyonnyola ekikolwa lwe kikolebwa, wa we kikolerwa oba engeri gye kikolebwamu. Ate yo empeekera nakongezakikolwa biba bigambo ebisukka mu kimu ebiyungibwa ku kikolwa ekikulu mu sentensi.
Mutwalo gumu
Mutwalo gumu (10.000), ennamba (mitwalo).
Abayita Ababiri
Abayita Ababiri (Abaita Ababiri), ekibuga mu Wakiso mu Yuganda.
Angola
Angola, ggwanga mu Afirika. Ekibuga ky'ensi ekikulu kiyitibwa Luanda.
Amakumi abiri mu ssatu
Amakumi abiri mu ssatu (23), ennamba (amakumi n'ensuusuuba).
Nayitogyeni(Nitrogen)
Gakuweebwa Charles Muwanga !! "Atomu ya Nayitogyeni" oba "akaziba ka nayitogyeni"(Nitrogen atom)
Munda mw’omulangaatira gw’enjuba emmyufu (red giant star), enjuba ekwasawaza wamu obuziba obuwewufu(atomu empewufu) okusingawo n’efulumya amasoboza agatondekawo obuziba obuzito( atomu enzito) okusingawo.
Nayitogyeni y’emu ku atomu zino enzito okusingawo ezisigalira ng’enjuba ekwasiwazza atomu za kaboni.
Omulangaatira gw’enjuba omumyufu bwe gutandika okufuuka semufu (supernova), naitogyeni munda mwayo awaguza n’ayingira mu bwengula n’afuuka ekitundu ku nabire (nebula) oba ekire obwaguuga ekikwafu mu bwengula. Nayitogyeni yenna mu bwengula ava munda mu njuba.
Obuziba bwa nayitogyeni (Atomu za nayitogyeni) buba n’obusannyalazo butaano mu kire kyabwo ekyo ku ngulu kyokka bulina ekifo ekigyamu obusannyalazo munaana.
Butera okukwatagana n'obuziba( atomu) bwa nayitogyeni obulala, buli kamu ne kagabana  obusannyalazo okujjuza ebire kubanga molekyo za nayitogyeni ziba nzigumivu nnyo (are very stable), tezitera nnyo kwegatta na buziba(atomu) bwa bika birala. Kyetaagisa amasoboza mayitirivu okukutula mu molekyo ya nayitogyeni. Kyokka omu ku nayitogyeni mu bwengula yafuuka kitundu ku molekyo za “kaboni owa nakazzi” (hydrocarbon) eziyitibwa “amino asidi” (amino acids).
Ensi bwe yatondekebwawo emyaka nga obukadde busatu n’ekitundu, omu ku naitogyeni n’agwa mu nsika y’ensi (earth’s gravity), nafuuka ekirungo ekisingayo mu mpewo y’ensi. Mu butuufu ebitundu ebisiki mu ¾ eby’empewo y’ensi bya molekyo za naitogyeni.
Abim (kibuga)
Abim, ekibuga mu Abim mu Yuganda.
Nayitogyeni(Nitrogen)
Obulamu bwe bwali bwakabaawo ku nsi emyaka nga obukadde 3.5 egiyise, obutaffaali bwakozesa nayitogyeni okukola molekyo z’ebizimbamubiri (protein molecules), kino nga kitundu kw’ekyo ekikola obutaffaali, n’okukola molekyu y’endagabutonde (DNA), matiiriyo y’obuzaale esobozesa obutaffaali okwezaala.
Bakitiriya ezakozesa nayitogyeni ono bwe zaafa, nayitogyeni n’avunda mu mibiri gyazo era amangu ddala ebimera ebizibuwavu (complex plants) okusingawo ne bijjawo nabyo nga bikozesa nayitogyeni ono.
Ebimera bikozesa nayitogyeni nga bakitiriya bwe zimukozesa okukola aminasidi n’ebizimbamubiri. Ensolo, omuli n’abantu zetaaga nayitogyeni lwa nsonga ze zimu. Tufuna naitogyeni waffe okuyita mu kulya ebimera nga kaloti oba lettoosi oba nga tulya ensolo endala.
Sodiyamu(Sodium)
Gakuweebwa Charles Muwanga !! Akaziba ka sodiyamu era kayitibwa Atomu ya Sodiyamu (sodium atom).
Sodiyamu k'akaziba(atomu) akalina obukontanyo 11 ne nampawengwa 12 mu buziizi bwako(its nucleus) n’obusannyalazo 11 obwetoloola obuziizii bwako. Okufaanana buziba(atomu) bulala obuwewufu nga kaboni, sodiyamu atondekebwa(akolebwa) manda mu njuba ezitandiikiriza okuggwamu amafuta n’alyoka amansuka buli wamu mu bwengula ng’enjuba eyo ebwaatuse n’efuuka semufu (supernova).
Kubanga akaziba ka sodiyamu kalina akasannyalazo kamu kokka mu kire kyako ekisembayo ku ngulu, kakwatagana mangu n'obuziba(atomu) obw’ebika ebirala okukola molekyu. Sodiyamu tasangibwa ku bubwe mu butonde.
Akaziba ka sodiyamu(Atomu ya Sodiyamu), naddala kakwatagana mangu ne kololiini kubanga sodiyamu yetaaga kuviibwako akasannyalazo kamu okuggumira ate nga kololiini yetaaga kufuna akasennyalazo kamu okuggumira. N’olwekyo nga sodiyamu ne kololiini zegasse, kizibu okubikutulamu. Enkwaso(bond) ya sodiyamu ne kololiini guyitibwa “munnyo”(salt). Ku nsi kuliko sodiyamu mungi ddala. Sodiyamu asinga ku nsi yetabuddemu kololiini okukola omunyo era amerengukidde mu mazzi ga semayanja.
Nkago
Nkago
Bastard wild rebbuer tree. Omuti guno ogw’enkago gvaako eddagala, enku n’embaawo. Amasanda ge Nkago tugakolamu laba [rubber]] Embaawo ezivudde ku muti guno tezibeera nnungi nnyo. <ref:apacgnaceae/>
Aboke
Aboke, ekibuga mu Kole mu Yuganda.
Acholibur
Acholibur, ekibuga mu Pader mu Yuganda.
Vladimir Putin
Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin ( / <span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ p <span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː t <span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ n / ; RussianВлади́мир Влади́мирович Пу́тинВлади́мир Влади́мирович Пу́тин; yazaalibwa 7 Ogwekumi, 1952) Munabyabufuzi Omuluusi era nga ye Pulezidenti wa Russian Federation okuva nga 7 Ogwokutaano 2012, gyebuvudeko emabega yali mukibo kino okuva 2000 okutuusa 2008. Yali katikkiro wa Russian Federation okuva 1999 okutuusa 2000, era n'okuva 2008 okutuusa 2012. Mu kisanja kye ekyokubiri ku bwakatikkiro ye yali ssentebe w'ekibiina ekifuzi ekya United Russia.
Adjumani
Adjumani, ekibuga mu Adjumani mu Yuganda.
Nkoni
Nkoni
Finger enphorbia tree Omuti gw’Nkoni gwa mugaso nnyo. Ate era Nkoni ddagala,Nkoni mulungi nnyo mu kukola enkomera awakka n’ekumalundiro. <ref:euphorbia tirucalli/>
Models of Science Centered Vernacular Development for Black Africa to Learn from
Engeri ez'enjawulo ez'okukulaakulanya ennimi zaffe mu Sayansi (Models of Science Centered Language Development)
I am presenting four scientific language development models:
The European Model
The European model includes languages like English, French, Spanish, Italian, German, Danish, Swiss, Russian, among others. Characteristics of the European Model include:
The East Asian Model
The East Asian model includes languages like Korean, Japanese, Chinese, among others. In the East Asian model of science centered language development:
The Colonial Model
In this language model, a colonial language was imposed by the colonialists on the people in the colonized territories as a way of ensuring subservience. People were taught the colonial languages to facilitate the colonial system of divide and rule as well as resource extraction to support the European industries in the absence of industrial capacity in the colonies. It is characterized by:
The Blafrican Model
"The Blafrican model" is the model that is most suitable for black africa. It is an imitation of the East Asian Model where most scientific concepts are formed with locxal etymologies and from internal sources of words by various techniques like semantic extension, blending, compounding, derivation, among others.
The Blafrican model is based on the understanding that:
Mr. Muwanga Charles argues that in order to prepare our vernaculars for use in Double Exposure Education(DEED), we need to ensure that:
Etymologies for technical terms need to be the same for all languages because we live in different situations and environments. For example, when I was forming the concept for a “cylinder “, I based myself on the shape of our local mortar called “ekinu” or “enkinu” in Luganda. “Ekinu” is like a “round tin” that has two parallel bottoms of bases that are circular. So I came up with the concepts “enkinu “or “enkunu”, which are blend words from the Luganda phrase “enkula ey’ekinu’ (mortar shaped) to form the geometrical concept “enkinu” (cylinder in) or enkunu (cylinder out), which are now the Luganda concepts for “cylinder”.
The sound of the phrase “technical term” is itself intimidating and indeed it dupes many African academicians, intellectuals, and terminologists to think that “technical” connotes “make difficult to comprehend” or “make difficult to  grasp”.
Which of the two better brings out the meaning in the English phrase “electric current”.
I am not disregarding the contribution of the proponent of the first concept but I think “omugendo gw’amasannyalaze is more inherently obvious to a Luganda speaker because in the latter both the words in the phrase are existing Luganda words yet “omumeeme” must have been derived from “Umeme”, Swahili for “electricity”. "Omugendo" refers to any movement, even if it is movement of fluids.
A more appropriate word would be “omugendo” (movement of anything, whether it is a fluid or not), which by semantic extension gives us “omugendo gw’amasannyalaze”, electric current. I have also read of “obugububi obumeeme” in contrast to “ekigugubiro ky’amasannyalaze” for “electric resistance”. Which of the two is more obvious, more understandable in translation?
The indispensables of an intellectual Language
For Luganda language, the first category of must-have words of an intellectual language are:
The prefix “entaba” denotes “interaction” of people. Note that entabamuriro (combustion) denotes interactive action between air and fuel to power a vehicle or a machine.
One necessary concept for an upcoming language of science is the concept of “system”, to help the natives develop the idea of “an organized whole made up of parts that are interrelated”. This is very important to show how machines (ennyanguyirizi) function and the basis of mechanics (ekitambuzo). In Luganda, a system is referred to as “ensengekera” from “ensengeka eyemalirira” (self preserving arrangement).