cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Obulamu obusirikitu (Micro organisms)
Bakitilia tewali wetakulila kubanga ogisanga mu mazzi, wansi mu kikalappwa ky’ensi (earth’s crust), kasasilo, munda ne kungulu kw’emibili gy’ebimera n’ensolo, naddala mu miyitilo gy’emmele (digestive systems) mu bantu, enkuyege n’ebiyenje. Mu ggulaamu emu eyettaka mubaamu obutaffaali bwa bakitiilia emitwaalu ana ate mu mililiita y’amazzi agatali ga lunnyo mubaamu obutaffaali bwa bakitilia akakadde kamu. Bw’ogatta bakitilia zonna ezili mu nsi zikola enzitoya esinga ey’ebimelo n’ensolo zonna.
Bakitilia zilina emigaso ate era ne ziba n’obubi bwe zikola. Waliwo bakitilia ezikozesebwa  okuzza obujja ebiliisa (recycling nutrients), gamba nga okuteeka naitilojeni mu ttaka (fixation of nitrogen ) okuva mu nampewo (atmosphere ). Bakitilia era ze zisobozesa okuvunza kw’ebifudde. Singa ebilamu ebifa byaali tebivunda Ensi yandibadde ejjula n’ebooga emilambo gy,ebifu, ebilamu ne biba nga tebikyalina we bibeera.
Mu mubili gw’omuntu mubaamu bakitilia ezisinga ku butaffaali bw’omubili obunji naye ol’omubili okuba n’ensengekera y’obukuumi ey’obutonde (natural immune system,)  bakitilia zino ezisinga obunji tezikola buvune mu mubili. Kyokka waliwo bakitilia ezimu ezileeta endwadde omuli kkolera, kabootongo, ebigenge (liprosy) ne kawumpuli (plague)
Bakitiliya ezisinga okuba kattila mulimu ezo ezilumba ensengekera y’okussa (.Respiratory infections,) nga akafuba (TB) akatugumbula ennyo abantu naddala mu afilika. Antibbayotiki (antibiotics ) zikozesebwa okukola ku bulwadde bwa bakitiilia.
Bakitilia bwasooka kukettebwa Antonie van Leeuwenhoek mu 1676, nga akozesa lenza z’ekizimbulukusa (microscope lens) kye yali y’ekoledde.Bakitilia zino yaziyita “bukyolo”("Animalcules)" Kisuubilwa nti obujajja bwa bakitiilia eziliwo kati bwali mu bulamu obw’akataffaali aka namunigina nga buno bulowoozebwa okuba nga bwe bulamu obwasooka okubaawo ku Ensi emyaaka obuwumbi nga buna egiyise. Ebiseera ebyo ku Ensi tekwaliko bilamu bilala byonna.
Bakitilia zilina akakwate akamaanyi n’ebilamu ebilara byonna .bakitilia zikulila ku mubili gw’ekilamu nga ensolo oba ekimera mu ngeli y’emu gye zibeera ku bintu ebilala. Bakitilia zikulila bulungi awabuguumilila n’awali entuuyo oba olutuuyotuuyo era bwe ziyitila obungi ku mubili gw’omuntu ziviilako omuntu okuwunya olusu olubi (body odor). Eno y’ensonga lwaaki omuntu alina okunaaba mu biseera ebigele awatali kwosaaamu.
Waliwo ne bakitilia eziviilako abantu okufuna endwaade n’okufa obulwadde nga  tetanaasi, omusujja gwa tayifoidi (typhoid fever), diputiilia (diphtheria), sifiliizi (syphilis), kolera (cholera), endwadde z’ebigele, ebigenge n’akafuba (tuberculosis). Ne mu agilikakya mulimu endwadde za bakitiilia nnyingi ku faamu n’ennimilo. Kyokka mu yindasitule bakitiilia ezimu zitabulwa mu bizimbulukusa (yeasts) n’entikotiko (molds), mu kuteekateeka emmele ezekiivululu (fermented foods) nga kyiizi vayinega (vinegar) evinnyo/wayini), ne bbongo (yogurt).
Obusobozi bwa bakitilia okukutulakutula ebipooli by’ebilamu eby’enjawulo bukozesebwa okujja kaidulokaboni (hydrocarbons) mu petuloliyaamu era kno ne kikozesebwa mu kulwanyisa amafuta agaba ganjadde naddaka mu mayanja.
(iii)Polotozoowa (Protozoa)
Polotozowa buramu obusirikitu obusinga okuba obuzibuwavu. Polotozowa nnyukiralina ezirina obuzimbe obw’enjawulo era polotozoowa ziyinza okuba nga bwe bulamu obusookerwako obwa ebiramu ebizimbibwa obutaffaali obunji(multicellular organisms). Kino kitegeeza nti zirina obuzimbe obusobola okulabibwa ne mu bitonde eby’omutendera ogwa waggulu, obutali wantu walala wonna mu nsi ey’obulamu obusirikitu. Wamo ojja kusanga obulamu obusirikitu obusinga nga :
a)	the plasmodial slime molds.
b)	Ameba(amoebas)
c)	Obwenkira (flagellates) nga sipongi (sponges). Buno bulina obuzimbe obulinga akakira
d)	Obwoyaya (cilia). Buno buba bwoya obutini obumpi.Eky’okulabirako ye palamesiyamu (Paramecium). Bulina obwoya obutini ku mubiri gwabwo gwonna. Obwoya buno bukuba amazzi ne busobozesa akaramu kano okutambula mu mazzi.
e)	Sepironza (sporozoans). Sepironza (sporozoans) ziba polotozoowa ennyunyunsi (parasitic protests). Obulwadde bwa Malaria bureetebwa polotozowa ennyunyunsi eyiri mu kikula kya sepironza. Polotozowa eno okufaanana n’obulamu obunyunyusi (parasites) bwonna tesobola kubeerawo ku lwayo wabula erumba ekiramu ekirala era n’ekikolako obuvune oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera.
(vii) Funji(Fungi)
(viii) Lukeniya (Lichen)
Waliwo obulamu obusilikitu obw’omugaso (Good Microbes) n’obulamu obusirikitu obw’obulabe (Bad Microbes).
(iv)Olufungi (Fungus)
Olufungi(fungus) lulimu ebika nga n’olukonge mw’olutwalidde .Olukonge(molds) mu butuufu lufungi .Tulaba olukonge mu binaabiro byaffe  oba ku mugaati oguba gukukula. Olufungi lulina enkula ey’oluzigooti (zygote). Obuyisiti (yeasts) buba lufungi olw’akataffaali akamu(celled fungi) kyokka olukonge(molds) luba lufungi olw’obutaffaali obungi(multicellular fungi). Omugaati gwetaaga olugungi olw’ekika ky’obuyisiti (yeast) okuguzimbulukusa .Bw’oleka omugaati wabweri, guyingirirwa ekika ky’olufungi ekirala ekiyitibwa olukonge lw’omugaati (bread mold) okugufumya. Obuyisite bwetaagisa ekivundiso (fermentation) ekiyiisa omwenge.
Obutiko
Obutiko(mushrooms) nabwo kika kya lufungi(a type of fungi)Let's look at Club Fungi first. Mushrooms! Everyone knows about these fungi. Obutiko biba birimba bya miraatira (starnds) ebibeera mu ttaka nga biyitibwa kayifa (hyphae) .Kayifa zino lwe lufungi lwennyini olusookerwako, bino nga biba bikoola ebiba mu kuvunda oba ebikuta by’emiti ebiba bivunda ku ttaka. Ekiseera bwe kituuka okuzaala, ne bufuna omutunsi n’ekikoffiira n’obulaba nga bufuluma nga bumeruka okuva mu ttaka. Wansi w’ekikoffiira wasangibwayo sipuwa z’olufungi (fungus spores).
Obulamu obusirikitu obw’omugaso (Useful Microbes)
Yadde nga obulamu obusirikitu obumu bwa bulabe eri omuntu kyokka ate obumu bwa mugaso; mu ngeri zino:
(i)	Okuyingiza naitogyeni mu ttaka. Waliwo bbakitiiriya eziyingiza naitogyeni mu ttaka (fixing nitrogen). Bbakitiiriya zino zibeera mu mirandira gya bimera era kino kigiyamba okuyingiza naitogyeni okuva mu ttaka. Naitogyeni agasa nnyo ebimera okukula obulungi era bakitiriya zino ze zisobozesa kino.
(ii)	Ensolo nga ente n’embuzi zisobola okubeerawo ku muddo olw’obulamu obusirikitu (microbes) obusangibwa mu lubuto lwayo. Bbakitiriya ezisangibwa mu lubuto lw’ente ziyamba okukutulakutula zeruloozi mu bimera. Bbakitiriya zino zisangibwa mu nsolo zonna ezirya omuddo okuziyamba okuba ennamu yadde nga zirya muddo.
(iii)	Olukonge olumera ku mukyungwa ogutanise okwonooneka mwe mwavumbulwa eddagala erirwanyisa bbakitiiriya (antibiotics). N’olwekyo olufungi (fungi) mwe muva eddagala erilwanyisa endwadde ezireetebwa bbakitiiriya. Dokita bw’akwkebejja n’akizuula nti olumbiddwa bbakiiriya (bacterial infection), akugerera eddagala erilwanyisa bbakitiiriya nga linafuya ebisenge by’obutffaali bwa bbakitiriya. Ebisenge bya bbakitiiriya bwe biba ebinafu omutaffaali bwo obukuumi (immune cells) bugenda mu maaso ne busaanyaawo bbakitiiriya.
Obulamu Obusirikitu obw’obulabe ku bulamu
Waliwo obulamu busirikitu nga bbwo bwa bulabe ku bulamu. Mu butuufu ebikula bya bbakitiiriya bingi bireeta endwadde mu Bantu, ensolo, n’ebimera. Abantu beeraliikirira nnyo bbakitiiriya ezireeta  obulwadde nga tetanaasi(tetanus) n’obukooli ( E. coli). Kyokka waliwo ate era ebika by’obukooli ebirungi obusangibwa mu byenda byo okuyamba okukutulakutula emmere gy’olya ekigireetera okuwunya ng’ewedde okukolebwako obukooli buno. Waliwo n’obukooli bw’oyinza okufuna nga olidde ennyama etayidde bulungi. Obukooli buno bbakitiiriya embi eziyinza okukuteeka ku ndiri n’okukutta.
Kyokka era obuamu obusirikitu bukola ebitoolo (compounds) okukola eddagala eppya eriyamba mu kujjanjaba endwadde  oba oli awo lumu omuntu ayinza okugemebwa okuziyiza sennyiga  oba  ebbola oba HIV aids. Mu butuufu laabu ziri mu kukola eddagala eppya oba ery’amaanyi okusingawo mu kulwanyisa bbakitiiriya.
Astrakhan
Astrakhan, ekibuga mu Rwasha.
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
Gakuweebwa Charles Muwanga !!!Okwebuuza n’Okwefumiitiriza (Critical thinking)
Namunigina (units)
Namunigina kiva mu kugaziya kigambo kya Luganda "namunigina"(single entity,item, person). kati "namunigina" kye kivvuunula "unit" eky'Olungereza. Nga tusalira namunigina era tuyinza okukiyita:
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
Okwefumiitiriza (Critical thinking) kuli mu bantu bokka. Kulimu bino wammanga:
•	Okwebuuza ku kintu kyosegedde n'enketteso ez'omubiri
•	Okuteebereza (rationalising) ku kiri munda oba emabega waakyo
Namunigina (units)
kati nno tuyinza okwogera ku:
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
•	“Okwekenneenya” (analysis) ekintu oba omulamwa. Wano omuntu era akozesa “sensa” ze ettaano omuli okulaba, okuwunyirza, okuwulira, okukwatako, oba okulegako mu kukinoonyerezaako, n’alyooka asengeka ebirowoozo okusinziira ku ki ky’afunye. Oluusi ayinza okukyabuluzaamu amanye ebiri mu buziba bwakyo.
•	Okugereesa (abstraction/ theorizing).
Namunigina (units)
(a) Namunigina z'Amawanga ez'Ebipimo   (International system of measurements) (b) Namunigina z'ebipimo               (Units of measurements) (c) Namunigina z'Amatwale              (Imperial units) (d) Namunigina za kyebiriga            (square units) (e) Namunigina za kyesatuza            (cubic units)
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
•	Okugerageranya
Namunigina (units)
Bivudde eri Muwanga Charles
Laba wansi namunigina Muwanga z'agezaako okugandawaza nga yewola awamu n'okukozesa ensibuko ezo munda .Naawe teesa! Sooka weetegereze:
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
•	okunoonyereza n’okugezesa ku butonde
•	okutuuka ku kuvumbula
Namunigina (units)
(i) Nang'endo= Namunigina + Olugendo .Eno eba Namunigina y'olugendo(Miita)
(ii)Naggendo =Namunigina + Eggendo .Eno eba Namunigina y'olugendo olunene (Kiromiita)
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
•	okuyiiya tekinologia
Namunigina (units)
(iii)Ekkegendo =Ekkumi + obugendo .Buno buba bugendo 10 =sentimiita(10 millimeters)
(iv)Akagendo=Miriliita.Akagendo kamu kabaamu n'angendo 1/1000
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
Mu butuufu omuntu alowooza obulowooza ku kintu ky’asegedde ne sensa ze kyokka n’ateyongerayo kukyekebejja oba okukyekenneenya era n’atakyefumiitirizaako aba ng’ekisolo obusolo.
Okwefumiitiriza kwetaagisa nnyo mu bulamu bw’omuntu obwa bulijjo oba mu ntabaganya kyokka ate kye kifuula abantu abamu okuba bakakensa abakozesa “enkola ya sayansi” (scientific method) oba bassekalowooleza n’okuteekawo tekinologia ow’omugaso ennyo mu kutondeka ebyettunzi.
Namunigina (units)
Namunigina z’ebipimo ezikozesebwa mu mawanga zirimu:
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
Okwefumiitiriza (critical thinking) kitegeeza “kulowooza ku kulowooza”. Kino kitegeeza nti okwefumiitiriza kulowooza okuyingira mu buziba bw’ekintu oba embeera nga tonnasalawo oba  nga tonnakola  kintu kyonna. Okwefumiitiriza bwe kweyunirwa, omulengera (the mind) guwa ekyagaanya enjuyi zonna nga tannawa ndowooza. Omuntu eyefumiitiriza yekenneenya omulamwa ne kalonda yenna ku mulamwa oba embeera eba eriwo.
Namunigina (units)
(a)	Namunigina z’obuwanvu oba ebipimo eby'enkoloboze ( linear size). Zino zesigamye ku nang'endo(miita) era zirimu
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
Omuntu eyefumiitririza aba yebuuza nga tanakola yadde okwogera ekintu kyona. Omwefumiitiriza yebuuza ku mulengera we nga akozesa obubuuza (interrogatives): ani, kiki, wa, kitya, atya, ne ddi mu mbeera yonna.
Namunigina (units)
	Ekkegendo /Sentimiita(Sm). Ekkegendo (Sentimiita) limu lirimu obugendo(mirimiita) 10
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
Okwefumiitiriza kyetaagisa okwebuuza, okwekebejja n’okwekenneenya, n’ebiseera biwanvuko okusinga okulowooza obulowooza. Omuntu atali mwefumiitiriza nga omuteeredde ebitereke bya sente bisatu awo, ekitono, ekinenene, n’ekinene ddala n’omugamba alondeko,  ayinza okutwala ekisinga obunene nga alowooza nti kye kirimu ensimbi ennyingi okusinga ebirala. Omuntu omwefumiitiriza asooka kwagala kusumululako alabe ekiri munda kubanga yebuuza nti ye abaaye sente ze zirimu? Ye ezirimu za miwendo minene oba mitono.
Namunigina (units)
	Obugendo/Mirimiita(mm) .Akagendo( Mirimiita)  kamu kabaamu   nang’endo 1/1000.
(b)Namunigina y’Obubangirivu( Volume). Namunigina y’obubangirivu ye Luyiika (liita). Luyiika(L) ekozesebwa okupima obungi bw’ebikulukusi (liquid). Obuyiika(Miririita(ml) bwe bungi bw’ekikulukusi obujjuza kyesatuza(cube) erina ebipimo by’ekigendo( sentimiita) ku buli luuyi (ku buli mpimo). Luyiika(Liita) emu ey’ekikulukusi eba ejjuza kyesatuza(cube) eriko kigendo(sentimiita) 10 ku bulu luuyi.
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
Omuntu omw’efumiitiriza bw’asoma ekitabo ka tugambe ekya “Zinunula Omunaku”, asooka n’asoma emiko egisooka, n’asoma ku muwandiisi, n’alyooka asalawo oba asome ekitabo kino kyonna.
Namunigina (units)
( c)Namunigina y’enzitoya. Namunigina y’enzitoya (the unit of mass) ye nanzitoya/ kirogulaamu.(kg). Nanzitoya(Kirogulaamu) erina obuzito bwe bumu ne Luyiika( liita ) y’amazzi ku tempulikya n’akanyigirizi aka bulijjo. enzito /Gulaamu (g) emu  ezitowa  akayiika(miri-liita)  kamu ak’amazzi ku digiri 0 eza Seriisiyasi(Celsius). Ate omupimo gwa sezzito (metric tons) erimu nanzitoya 1000 ziba enzito akakadde kamu.
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
Abantu abeefumiitirza batera obuteesiba ku ndowooza emu oba ku kintu kimu kuba baba bakimanyi nti wayinza okubeerawo engeri oba ekkubo eddala. Batera okuba abannyonnyofu era abatabuukira kintu kyonna kumala gasalawo mangu.
Okwefumiitiriza kitegeeza, obusobozi bw’abalowooza okuba nga bafuga okulowooza kwabwe oba endowooza zaabwe era ne balowooza ku kye balowoozako. Omuntu akozesa obwongo nga yefumiitiriza:
Namunigina (units)
Ekipimo	Nigina(Unit)
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
•	Asobola okwawula wakati wa fakikya (fact) n’endowooza y’omuntu kinnoomu (opinion).
Namunigina (units)
Obuwanvu(length)	Ekigendo/Sentimiita (sm), Yinsi (yn), fuuti (ft), nangendo/miita (m), Olugendo/kiromiita (km)
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
•	yebuuza ku buli ky’alaba, ky’awulira, kyasoma ne ky’akola
•	anoonya okunnyonnyoka buli mulamwa
Namunigina (units)
Enzitoya (mass)	Gulaamu (g), kirogulaamu  (kg)
Ebiseera(Time)	Sikonda (s), dakiika (dak), Ssaawa (Swa)
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
•	abuuza ebibuuzo ebirina ekigendererwa
Namunigina (units)
Obwoki(Tempulikya)	Falenayiti (°F), Kaluvina(K), Serisiyaasi (°S)
Omugendo gw’amasannyalaze	Ampaya (A)
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
•	asengejja mu byogerwa oba ebiteesebwako
•	Talemera ku nsonga nga fakikya oba embeera zikyuse.
Namunigina (units)
(obungi bwa Ennabuzimbe (amount of matter)	Moolu (mol)
akabonero	Akawango 	Omuwendo	Etimologiya	Gendo=words
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
•	N’olwekyo akkiriza nti yakoze ekintu olw’obutamanya oba nti yabadde tamanyi.
Namunigina (units)
mirimiita	miri-=ka	10-3	‘lukumi ’ lulattini 	kagendo
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
•	Ayaayaanira okumanya.
•	anoonya okulaba engeri ey’okukolamu ebintu esaanidde
Namunigina (units)
Sentimiita	senti-=ki	10-2	‘kikumi mu lulattini	kigendo
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
•	Awuliriza abalala n’obwegendereza ate n’awa okuddamu kwe gye bali (feed back).
Namunigina (units)
Desimiita	desi-=gge	10-1	‘kumi mu lulattini	ggendo
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
•	Ayongezaayo okusalawo okutuuka nga fakikya zonna zikung’aanyiziddwa ne zekenneenyezebwa.
•	Anoonya obukakafu
Namunigina (units)
Dekamiita	deka-	101	‘kumi mu lugureeki
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
•	takolera ku ngambo
Namunigina (units)
Ekitomiita	ekito-	102	‘kikumi mu lugereeki
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
•	Aba mugobansonga ng’anoonya enjawulo eri mu bifaanagana n’obumu bw’ebitafaanagana era buli kintu akyekenneenya okuva ku njuyi n’ensonda zonna, ku ngulu ne mu buziba bwakyo.
Tosobola kukola bya bugunjufu nga teweebuuza mu bulamu bwo. Buli ky’oba ogenda okukola ne buli ky’oba ogenda okwogera sooka okyefumiitirizeeko oleme kukola nsobi. Ebirowoozo byonna ebyesigamye ku kwebuuza mu ngeri ey’okutuuka ku kumanya ekituufu kuba kulowooza kwa kifirosooofa(philosophical thinking).
Namunigina (units)
Kiromiita	kiro-=lu	103	‘lukumi mu lugereeki	Lugendo
Mya	mirya-	104	‘mutwalo mu lugereeki
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
Okulowooza kw’ekifirosoofa oba endowooza y’ekifirosoofa era kiba “kulowooza kwa mugobansonga “ oba “endowwoza ya mugobansonga” kubanga kirimu okunoonya  akakwate akali wakati w’ekintu(ensonga) ekimu(emu) n’ekirala(endala) oba   okunoonya enjawulo eriwo mu bifaanagana n’obumu bw’ebitafaanagana.
Namunigina (units)
Namunigina z’Ebipimo Ezisookerwako(Base 1 Units of measurements)
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
Tewali ntabaganya eyinza kwebala nti abantu abagirimu bagunjufu nga tebeebuuza ku buli kye baba bagenda okukola oba okwogera okwefaananyiriza  n’“endowooza y’ekifirosoofa” awamu n’endowooza ya mugobansonga(dialectical thinking), erimu okunoonya enjawulo wakati w’ebifaanagana ,  n’obumu w’ebyawukana  okuyita mu kwekenneenya ekintu ku njuyi zonna , kungulu ne mu buziba bwakyo.
(1) Okwebuuza kye ki ?
Namunigina (units)
Nanzitoya(Nana)	Kiroggulaamu(Kg)	Naunigina ya nzitoya	Unit of mass
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
Obugunjufu butandika olunaku lw’oyiga okwebuuza .Okwebuuza  kiva ku  “nnyonta ya  kuyiga” oba ennyonta y’okumanya.
Namunigina (units)
Nangendo(Nendo)	Miita           (m)	Namunigina y’obuwanvu bw’olugendo	Unit of distance/length
Nantikitiki(Nanti)	Sikonda(s)	Namunigina y’ebiseera	Unit f time
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
“Ennyonta y’okuyiga” kyekuusiza ku “kunoonya kumanya”, okutandika n’okwebuuza ku  kumanya  kwennyini, okwebuuza ku butonde(nature), empisa , n’ensengeka y’ebirowoozo(logic). Obugunjufu burimu okwebuuza ebibuuzo eby’enjawulo  oba okugereesa  (to  theorise) ku buli kiriwo mu butonde, awamu n’ebigenda mu maaso mu bulamu bw’omuntu n’entabaganya(society) oba entabaganyo(community).
Nga sayansi tannabaawo, firosofa ye yali akozesebwa okugezaako okunnyonnyola ebibuuzo ebyali bibobbya omuntu omutwe mu ngeri ey’okuteebereza , n’okukozesa obwongo awatali kunoonya nkakaso(experiment).
Namunigina (units)
Nabwoki(Noki)	Keruviini(K)	Namunigina ya bwoki/tmpulikya	Unit of  temperature
Nangendo(Nendo)	Ampaya (A)	Namunigina z’omugendo gw’amasannyalaze	Unit of electric current
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
Okwebuuza okw’okunoonya okumanya, ky’ekisumuluzo ky’oyo atali munnasayansi ky’akozesa okutandika  okutangaazibwa ku bintu eby’enjawulo,  era okwebuuza kwe kumuyamba okwewala okukola ensobi oba okwewala okukola ebikyamu mu bulamu bwe , n’okwetusaako ebyetaago by’obulamu bwe nga atandikira ku  bibuuzo by’ekifirosoofa(phirosophical  questions). Ekimu ku byawula omuntu n’ensolo endala bwe obwakalimagezi. Omuntu kalimagezi (intelligent man) yebuuza ku buli kintu mu bulamu era takola kintu yadde okwogera ekintu nga teyebuuzizza ku mulengera we(his mind) .Omuntu atandika na kwebuuza ku :
Namunigina (units)
Nabukwafu	Moolu(mol)	Namunigina z’omubiri gw’ekintu	Unit of amount of substance
Endagakipimo	Namunigina
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
a)	Ki eky’okulowozaako
b)	Engeri ki  ey’okukiriwozaako
Namunigina (units)
Linnya	Kabonero
Obuwanvu	Miita= nangendo	m
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
N’ekisembayo engeri gy’oyinza okuyamba abalala okumanya ki eky’okulowozaako n’engeri ey’okukirowozaako nga betengeredde.
Kookolo w’omu lubuto
Enfaanana ya kookolo w'omu lubuto
Kookolo w’omu lubuto[] y'Oyo akwata ku kasusu ak'omunda ak’omu lubuto. ObubonerO bwe obusooka kuliko: ekikeeto, okulumizibwa waggulu mu lubuto, okusinduukirirwa emmeeme, n’obutaagala kulya. Obubonero obw’oluvannyuma mulimu: omubiri okuwewuka, olususu olwa kyenvu, okusesema, obuzibu mu kumira, omusaayi mu bubi, n’ebirala. Kookolo ono asobola okuva mu lubuto n’asaasaanira ebitundu by’omubiri ebirala nga; ekibumba, amawuggwe, amagumba, ku lubuto ne mu bifo eby’ensanjabavu.
Namunigina (units)
Enzitoya(mass)	kirogulaamu =nanzitoya    	kg
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
Ebibuuzo omuntu yenna  by’alina okwebuuza mu kimpowooze
Kookolo w’omu lubuto
Ebireeta kookolo ono n'obubonero
Ekisinga okuleeta kookolo ono ke kawuka ak’ekika kya bacteria akayitibwa Helicobacter pylori era nga kano kalwaza abantu 60% ku bafuna obulwadde buno. Ekirala ekireeta kookolo ono kwe kulya enva endiirwa ensibe mu mikebe n’okunywa ssigala. Abantu 1-3% bafuna obulwadde buno nga babusikira okuva mu ffamire zaabwe.
Namunigina (units)
Ebiseera	Sikonda=nantikitiki	s
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
Omwana wo muyigirize okwebuuza ku nsengeka y’ebirowoozo, obutonde, empisa, obulungi,  n’obulamu obw’omwoyo era omuyambe okumanya engeri gy’ayinza okubirowozaako nga asengeka ebirowoozo bye mu ngeri etegeerekeka.
(vi) Ebibuuzo ku kubaawo kw’obutonde n’obwengula okutwalira awamu
Kookolo w’omu lubuto
Ebireeta kookolo ono n'obubonero
Ebiseera ebisinga obulwadde buno bukula mu muntu mu mitendera egy’enjawulo era nga kitwala emyaka. Kookolo ono akeberebwa nga bayita mu kuggya akanyama ku muntu ateeberezebwa okuba ne kookolo ne bakakebera mu kyuma, okumukuba ebifaananyi okulaba oba ng’obulwadde busaaasanye mu bitundu by’omubiri ebirala.
Namunigina (units)
Omugendo gw’amasannyalaze (electric current)	Ampiire=nansannyalaze	A
Kookolo w’omu lubuto
Engeri y'okuziyiza kookolo ono
Okulya enva endiirwa, emmere erimu ekiriisa ekya proteins ez’ekigero ne butto ava mu binazi bisobola okukendeeza ku katyabaga k’okufuna kookolo ono nga kuno kw'ogatta n’okwewala okunywa ssigala. Singa kookolo w’omulubuto ajjanjabwa mangu, olwo ebizibu bingi byaleeta biba bisobola okuwonyezebwa. Obujjanjabi buzingiramu okulongoosa n’obujjanjabi obulala. Singa abeera ng’ajjanjabiddwa nga buyise kiba kyetaagisa omulwadde oyo okufiibwako mu ngeri ey’enjawulo. Ebivaamu oluusi tebiba birungi ng’omuwendo gw’abo abawangaala okumala emyaka etaano nga bali ku bujjanjabi bali 10% bokka mu nsi yonna. Kino kibaawo olw’ensonga nti abantu abasinga abalina obulwadde buno babugayaalirira ne bukula. Mu Amerika abasobola okubeererawo ku bujjanjabi okumala emyaka etaano bali 28%, mu Korea ey’omu bukiikaddyo bali 65% olw’okunyiikira okwekebezanga.
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
Wano omuntu yenna okwawukana  n’ensolo endala, atandika okwebuuza ku:
Namunigina (units)
Tempulikya      	Kaluviini-nabwoki	K
Kookolo w’omu lubuto
Engeri y'okuziyiza kookolo ono
Mu nsi yonna kookolo w’omu lubuto ye wookutaano mu bika bya kookolo asenkenya abantu era ng’akwata kya kusatu mu bika bya kookolo ebitirimbula abantu. Kookolo ono akola ebitundu 7% eby'abalwadde wamu n’ebitundu 9% eby’abantu abafa. Mu 2012, yakwata abantu emitwalo 950,000 era ng’emitwalo 723,000 be baafa. Ng’emyaka gya 1930 nga teginnaba, mu bitundu by’ensi ebisinga, nga ne Amerika mw’ogitwalidde, kookolo ow’omu lubuto ye yali asinga okutta abantu. Omuwendo gw’abantu abafa obulwadde buno gugenze gukendeera okuva olwo nga kino kirowoozebwa okuba nga kivudde ku kulya emmere ey’omu mikebe essibwa mu byuma ebinnyogoza okusobola okugikuuma nga nnungi. Kookolo w’omu lubuto ali nnyo mu nsi za Ssemazinga wa Asia ey’obukiika ddyo wamu ne Bulaaya ng’alabikira nnyo mu basajja okusinga bwe kiri mu bakazi.
Namunigina (units)
Akawango	Akabonero	Ennambuluzo
giga-	G	109
Ensibuko y'Ebikula(the origin of species)
Okusinziira ku kakensa Charles Darwin, ebikula(species)byonna birina obujajja obwa wamu(common ancestry). Agamba nti obulamu bwasibuka mu bikyusabuziba(chemical reactions) ebyaali bigenda mu maaso mu byazi oba mu njazi emyaka egyedda ennyo.
Ensonga (Premise)
Mu essomansonga (Logic), ensonga (premise) eba fakikya(fact) oba amazima (truth)
Namunigina (units)
mega-	M	106
Ekito	H	102
deka-	Da	101
Namunigina eya wansi 	 	100
desi-	D	10-1
senti-	C	10-2
miri-	M	10-3
makulo-	Μ	10-6
nano-	N	10-9
piko-	P	10-12
femuto-	F	10-15
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
•	Obwengula kye ki ? Kyama ki ekiyimirizawo obwengula ?
•	Kakwate ki akali wakati w’obwengula n’ebiseera, buli kintu n’ekirala, ensibuko, ebbanga, na buli kigenda mu maaso mu bulamu ?
•	Obwengula busengeke oba buli matenkane? Bwe buba busengeke kye kivaako obwetaavu bw’abantu okusengeka buli kintu mu mbeera gya balimu n’ebirowoozo byabwe nga mw’obitwalidde?
•	Obwengula bwe buba bulina enteekateeka ebuyimirizaawo lwaki si kya butonde omuntu okweyisa mu ngeri enkyankalamu?
(ii) ) Ebibuuzo ku bulamu obusukkulumye ku bw’omuntu
Wano webuuza oba nga waliyo obulamu obw’omwoyo obusukkulumye ku butonde obulabika. Era webuuza ku nsibuko y’obwengula.
	Mu butonde mulimu ekikulaga nti waliwo kagezimunyu asukkulumye ku bw’omuntu ali emabega wabwo ?
	Obutonde bulina kye bukulaga eky’obwa kalimagezi obusukkulumye ku bw’omuntu ?
	Wayinza okubaawo ensengeka y’ebintu ey’ekibalangulo ekya waggulu ng’eri mu bwengula oba mu mibiri gy’ebiramu awatali kagezimunyu azikola ?
(i)	Ebibuuzo ku butonde.
Okwebuuza ku butonde  kye kimu ku bifuula omuntu ensolo ya sayansi kubanga  sayansi naye atandika na kwebuuza ku butonde oba emiramwa gy’obutonde, nga omugendo(movement/ray) ,  okuva (motion),amaanyimusikira ku Nsi(gravity),  amaanyikasoboza(energy), empaliriza(force) , ekintu (matter) , n’ebirala. Bino bye bimu ku bibuuzo buli muntu mugunjufu by’alina okwebuuza ku butonde kubanga buli muntu, ne bwaba si kakensa, nsolo ya sayansi. Nga tonnaba kwebalira mu bagunjufu, sooka weebuuze oba nga otera okwebuuzizza ebibuzo bino mu bulamu mu kimpowooze mu mulengera wo ?
a.	Obwengula busengekeddwa butya?
b.	Ensi kwe tuli, mu buttonde, yo eriwo etya? Mpagi ki egiwaniridde mu obwengula?
c.	Obutonde bulina enteekateeka kwe buyimiridde?
d.	Kiki ekiri emabega w’ensengekera z’obutonde (natural systems)?
e.	Obutonde n’obwengula birina akakwate? Obutonde era kitegeeza buli ekiriwo mu bwengula, omuli nabire(nabular clouds), golomola(galaxies), senkulungo(enjuba  oba emmunyenye) , enkulungo(planets),  n’emyeezi , awamu n’ensengekera z’ebiramu n’ebitali biramu  (eza atomu ne molekyu) ,  byonna ebisangibwa  mu bwengula yonna gye biri ?
f.	Ensengekera ya sengendo eziri mu bwengula erimu ki?
g.	.Obutonde bulimu emitendera gy’ebiramu emeka era mitendera ki?
h.	Ki ekikola obuzimbe bwa buli kintu ekiriwo nga empewo, kakulukusi n’enkalubo (ebyekutte oba solido)?
i.	Olowooza lwaki obutonde buli mu nsengeka ey’ekibalangulo ekya waggulu? Kyajja buzzi kyokka oba waliwo sabagezi asukkulumye ku bagezi eyatonda obwengula buno?
j.	Waliwo ekirwo mu buttoned ekitali kya mugaso ku bulamu? Lwaki kyetaagisa okukuuma obutonde bw’Ensi ?
(ii)	 Ebibuuzo ku Mpisa.
(a)	Empisa kye ki ?
(b)	Kakwate ki akali wakati w’empisa n’obugunjufu?
(c)	Omuntu yeyisa atya mu bantu banne?
(d)	Omwavu w’empisa yeyisa atya ?
(e)	Omuntu ow’empiisa yeyisa atya ?
(f)	Omwana atendekebwa atya mu  mpisa?
(h)	Omwana atamanyi kukola mirimu, okwaniriza abagenyi, alina emputu, abambirabambira abantu, ate n’oyo atalina kwekengera, abalibwa mu  ba  mpisa?
(i)	Kirungi omuzadde okumanyiiza omwana obutagambwako ,obutawabulwa, n’obutawuliriza balala , okumuleetera okwemanyamanya?
(j)	Omuntu atasobola kufuga mbeera ze za buntu ng’obusungu oba obunyiivu, okwagala, n’okwegomba, abalibwa mu bagunjufu?
(l)	Omuntu akola oba ayogera ebiyinza okujja omuntu oba abantu abalala mu mbeera ez’obuntu aba mugunjufu?
(m)	Omwana asomesebwa atya empisa ezo mu bantu?
(n)	Njawulo ki eri wakati w’okugamba ku mwana n’okumukyunya?
(o)	Okuboggolera omwana buli kaseera nakyo kibalibwa mu kutendeka mpisa?
(p)	Njawulo ki eri wakati w’okubonereza n’okutulugunya omwana?
(iv) Ebibuuzo ku kumanya?
(b)Omuntu atuuka atya ku kumanya?
.	ng’atunula n’alaba n’amaaso ge?
.	ng’akwatako?
.	ng’alegako?
.	Nga awuliriza?
.	Oba ng’ogattika byonna ?
(c) Njawulo ki eri wakati w’okusegeera(sense perception) ,okutegeera(understanding), n’okumanya(knowing).
Fakikya (fact)
Okusinziira ku Muwanga, fakikya(fact) kitegeeza mazima(truth) , ekyo ekiriwo ekirabika, oba ensonga(premise).
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
(d)Omanya otya nti omanyi?
•	Kuyita mu kusegeera kwa sensa (sense perception) nga otunula n’olaba, nga owuliriza, nga owunyiriza, nga olegako, oba nga okwatako?
•	Nga okozesa obwongo okwefumiitiriza ku ky’osegedde ne sensa zo ettaano?
•	Ng’okola enkakaso (experimentation)?
•	Oba ng’ogattika byonna? (e) Omuzadde oyamba otya omwana okuyiga okutuuka ku kumanya okwetengerevu?
•	Ng’amuyigiriza okulambika ensonga?
•	Ng’omuyigiriza okulambulula ensonga
•	Nga omuyigiriza okunoonya fakikya, obutuufu, oba obukakafu ? •	Oba byonna?
(f) Njawulo ki eri wakati w’okulambika n’okulambulula ensonga.
(v) Ebibuuzo ku bulungi.
•	Ekirungi kye ki? Obulungi kye ki ?
•	Ekibi kye ki?
•	Omuntu ayawula atya ekirungi n’ekibi?
Okulambika ensonga(Inductive Logic)
Okulambika ebirowoozo(inductive reasoning) kwetaagisa okulambika ensonga (inductive logic)kuba kunoonya nsonga n'ojijjayo bulungi ku lulwo nga osengeka ebirowoozo. Okulambika ensonga oba okulowooza nga olambika ensonga mu lungereza kiba “inductive reasoning”. Okuyita mu kukozesa obwongo ng’olambika ensonga, omuntu kalimagezi: •	Alambika ebirowoozo bye okuva wansi okudda waggulu. •	Atuuka ku kuvumbula oba okumanya ebipya. •	Kimusobozesa okuyigiriza abalala okwevumbulira oba okwezuulira okumanya okupya. •	Okulambika ensonga kitendeka omulengera (the mind) n’okukulaakulanya enkola z’omulengera (mental processes) mu bato nga bayiga okwevumbulira ebipya. •	Kimwetaagisa okukozesa ensonda ez’enjawulo
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
•	Omuntu ayawula atya omulungi n’omubi, ow’omukwano n’omutabazitabuzi ? Oyo akugamba ky’oyagala okuwulira yadde nga tekiikuyambe oba oyo okugamba kyewetaaga? Enjogera y’omuntu yokka, gamba okwogeza eggonjebwa n’obukkakkamu kimala okumanya obulungi bwe obw’omwoyo ? Tewaliiwo abazzi b’emisangu egya kkondo n’obutujju abasendasenda abo be batusaako obuvune n’enjogera ey’eggonjebwa eraga ekisa n’obukkakkamu ?
•	Enneeyisa enungi y’efaanana etya?
Okulambika ensonga(Inductive Logic)
Okulambika ensonga oba okukozesa obwongo ng’olambika ebirowoozo (inductive reasoning) kiringa kutema kkubo awatali kkubo kubanga otandika tolina ky’omanyi wabula n’okozesa okwekebejja, okwekenneenya, n’okwefumiitiriza okutuuka ku kipya. Engeri y’okusomesa oba okuyiga ng’olambika ensonga kiringa kutema kkubo awatali kkubo okutuuka ku kigendererwa (okuzuula ekituufu). Mu kutema ekkubo awatali kkubo mulimu okuyita ku busozi n’ebikko ate awo n’okyusaamu okufuna aw’okuyita awatuufu ate nga buli w’otema ogenda olambawo (olambikawo). Okusomesa okulambika ensonga kiyamba nnyo mu baana abato okukulaakulanya enkozesa z’obwongo bwabwe, naddala okwefumiitiriza n’okwetuukira ku kituufu ku bwabwe.
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
•	Enneeyisa embi y’efaanana etya?
Okulambika ensonga(Inductive Logic)
Okulambika ebirowoozo kitegeeza kuyamba muyizi kwetemera mpenda zituuka ku kumanya ekituufu kwekyo kyonoonyerezaako, ng’okozesa obwongo mu kifo ky’omuntu omulala okukubuulira ye ky’amanyi.
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
•	Okutondeka ekirungi kye ki?
•	Kitondekabiringi(art) kye ki ?
Okulambika ensonga(Inductive Logic)
Ekituufu kiri nti abato basinga kuganyulwa mu kubayamba okulambika ensonga, omuli okubayigiriza okwezuulira ekituufu mu kifo ky’okubagamba obugambi nti kino oba kiri kye kituufu kubanga obwongo bwabwe buba bukyaalina obusobozi bwa maanyi.
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
•	Essomakitondekabirungi (fine art) kye ki?
•	Nakitondekabirungi ez’obusuubuzi (commercial arts) kye ki?
•	Obwakalimagezi obwa nakitondekabirungi kye ki?
Okulambika ensonga(Inductive Logic)
Mu kinonoozo(engineering) kyetaagisa okunnyonnyoka n’okunonooza amateeka ga sayansi ez’ensibo (natural sciences)kikusobozese okuzimba  ennyanguyirizi(machines), ebizimbe, enguudo oba ennongoosereza ezetaagisa. Obutafaanana na kulambulula, okulambika kikolwa kya kwevumbululira (okukwekula) na kukozesa mateeka ga sayansi okuyiiya tekinologia omupya nga okola okunoonyereza eno nga bw’ogenda olambika buli mutendera gw’oyitamu naddaala okukola ennongoosereza mu tekinologiya aliwo oba okuvumbula tekinologiya omupya.
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
•	Obulungi bw’omuntu kye ki? Obulungi bw’omuntu ndabika, mpisa, oba byombi?
•	Omuzadde asaanye kukkaatiriza ki ng’akuza omwana? Ndabika yokka oba enjogera, empisa ezikakasiddwa oba byonna?
•	Anoonya omubeezi essira asaanye aliteeke ku mpisa, ndabika oba byombi?
Okulambika ebirowoozo(Inductive reasoning)
Okulambika ebirowoozo(inductive reasoning) kwetaagisa okulambika ensonga (inductive logic)kuba kunoonya nsonga n'ojijjayo bulungi ku lulwo nga osengeka ebirowoozo.
Okulambika ensonga oba okulowooza nga olambika ensonga mu lungereza kiba “inductive reasoning”. Okuyita mu kukozesa obwongo ng’olambika ensonga, omuntu kalimagezi:
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
•	Ate abanoonya abakozi esira baliteeke ku busobozi bwokka mpisa za buntu oba byombi ?
Okulambika ebirowoozo(Inductive reasoning)
•	Alambika ebirowoozo bye okuva wansi okudda waggulu.
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
(i)	Ebibuuzo ku ensengeka y’ebirowoozo (logic).
Okulambika ebirowoozo(Inductive reasoning)
•	Atuuka ku kuvumbula oba okumanya ebipya.
Ebbango
Enfaanaa y'ebbango
Ebbango[] kizibu ekibeera mu baana abazaalibwa nga kituukawo oluvannyuma lw’eggumba ery’omu mugongo n’obususu obw’oku lukizi okulemererwa okwebikka. Ebbango erisinga okulabika lye’ryo erikwata wansi mu mugongo wabula nga lisobola n’okukwata mu makkati g’omugongo ne waggulu ku bulago.
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
•	Kiki ekikola ebirowoozo ebituufu era ebyesigika? Fakikya (facts) oba ndowooza ya muntu?
•	Engeri y’okukubaganya ebirowoozo ennungi efaanana etya? Y’eyo eddamu ebibuuzo eby’ekifirosoofa, ebalangula obukunizo okuyita mu ndowooza ya mugobansonga (dialectical thinking), oba byombi?
Okulambika ebirowoozo(Inductive reasoning)
•	Kimusobozesa okuyigiriza abalala okwevumbulira oba okwezuulira okumanya okupya.
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
•	Ebirowoozo bisengekebwa bitya ?Okuyita mu kulambika oba okulambulula ensonga ? Okulambika ensonga kyawukana kitya n’okulambulula ensonga ?
Ebbango
Ebika
Ebbango lyawulwamu ebika bisatu nga buli buli kimu kibeera n’obubonero bwakyo. Ekika ekya Occulta kyo tekiba na bubonero bw’amaanyi nnyo wabula nga osobola okukirabira ku buno; ekipaapi ekiriko obwoya, ebbala ekkwafu, ekinnya ku mubiri, okuzimba okubeerawo ku mugongo mu kifo awabeera wateegatta bulungi. Ekika ekyokubiri kye kya Meningocele kyo kiba kya maanyiko era nga kireeta ebizibu nga ekisawo ky’amazzi ekimera mu bbanga olukizi we lwagaana okwegattira. Ekika ekyokusatu kye kya Myelomeningocele oba ebbango ery’ebikkudde nga lino lye lisinga okubeera ery’obulabe.
Okulambika ebirowoozo(Inductive reasoning)
•	Okulambika ensonga kitendeka omulengera (the mind) n’okukulaakulanya enkola z’omulengera (mental processes) mu bato nga bayiga okwevumbulira ebipya. •	Kimwetaagisa okukozesa ensonda ez’enjawulo
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
•	Ensonga ensengeke ziweebwa zitya? Ziba zikwatagana oba nga tezikwatagana (matenkane) ?
•	"Obwongo bukozesebwa mu ngeri ki ? Okozesa obwongo nga olambika ensonga oba nga olambulula ensonga ? Nga wefumiitiriza ,wekenneenya, wekebejja ekintu,  oba nga ogattika bino byonna ?
Okulambika ebirowoozo(Inductive reasoning)
Okulambika ensonga oba okukozesa obwongo ng’olambika ebirowoozo (inductive reasoning) kiringa kutema kkubo awatali kkubo kubanga otandika tolina ky’omanyi wabula n’okozesa okwekebejja, okwekenneenya, n’okwefumiitiriza okutuuka ku kipya.
Ebbango
Ebizibu ebijja n'ebbango
Ebizibu ebijja n’ebbango kuliko okukaluubirirwa mu kutambula, obuzibu bw’akawago n’ekyenda, n’obuzibu mu kusoma.
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
•	 Ebirowoozo ebikwatagana n’ebitakwatagana byawukana bitya ? .
Okulambika ebirowoozo(Inductive reasoning)
Engeri y’okusomesa oba okuyiga ng’olambika ensonga kiringa kutema kkubo awatali kkubo okutuuka ku kigendererwa (okuzuula ekituufu). Mu kutema ekkubo awatali kkubo mulimu okuyita ku busozi n’ebikko ate awo n’okyusaamu okufuna aw’okuyita awatuufu ate nga buli w’otema ogenda olambawo (olambikawo). Okusomesa okulambika ensonga kiyamba nnyo mu baana abato okukulaakulanya enkozesa z’obwongo bwabwe, naddala okwefumiitiriza n’okwetuukira ku kituufu ku bwabwe.
Ebbango
Ebireeta ebbango
Ebbango litwalibwa okuba nga lireetebwawo ensonga eziva mu mubiri gw’omuntu eziyinza okuba ensikire wamu n’ezo eziva ku butonde bw’ensi obumwetoolodde. Singa mwana asoose okuzaalibwa abeera ng’alina ebbango oba ng’omuzadde alina ebbango, emiksa giba 4% omwana addako okuzaalibwa ng’alina ebbango.
Okulambika ebirowoozo(Inductive reasoning)
Okulambika ebirowoozo kitegeeza kuyamba muyizi kwetemera mpenda zituuka ku kumanya ekituufu kwekyo kyonoonyerezaako, ng’okozesa obwongo mu kifo ky’omuntu omulala okukubuulira ye ky’amanyi.
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
•	Ennyinyonnyola yesigamizibwa ku fakikya(facts), ku lugambo oba byombi ? Ku fakikya(fact) n’ endowooza eyiyo ku bubwo ki ekikola amazima ?
•	Kakwate ki akali wakati w’okusengeka ebirowoozo, okusonjola, n’okunnyonnyola emiramwa ? •	Okukwataganya ebirowoozo (coherence) kye ki ?
Ebbango
Ebireeta ebbango
Obutaba na folic acid ng’omukyala ali lubuto nakyo kikola omulimu gwamaanyi mu kuleetawo ekizibu kino. Ebirala ebiteeka omuntu mu katyabaga k’okufuna ekizibu kino lye ddagala erikozesebwa okusobola okukkakkanya abo abeesika, obuyimbulukufufu, n’obutafa bulungi ku bulwadde bwa ssukaali eri abo ababulina.
Okulambika ebirowoozo(Inductive reasoning)
Ekituufu kiri nti abato basinga kuganyulwa mu kubayamba okulambika ensonga, omuli okubayigiriza okwezuulira ekituufu mu kifo ky’okubagamba obugambi nti kino oba kiri kye kituufu kubanga obwongo bwabwe buba bukyaalina obusobozi bwa maanyi.
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
Njawulo ki eri wakati wa ssamwassamwa, njwanjwa, okutolobboka, okwogera entotto , n’okugoba ensonga okuyita mu ndowooza eya mugobansonga ?
Ebbango
Okukebera
Okukeberebwa kusobola okukolebwa ng’omwana tannazaalibwa oba ng’amaze okuzalibwa. Ng’omwana tannazaalibwa omkyala aggyibwako omusaayi era nga singa musangibwamu ekirungo kya alpha-fetoprotein, emikisa gy’omwana egy’okuzaalibwa n’ebbango gibeera mingi. Ng’omwana amaze okuzaalibwa asobola okukubibwa ebifaananyi mu ddwaliro okukakasa oba ng’alina ebbango.
Okulambika ebirowoozo(Inductive reasoning)
Mu kinonoozo(engineering) kyetaagisa okunnyonnyoka n’okunonooza amateeka ga sayansi ez’ensibo (natural sciences)kikusobozese okuzimba  ennyanguyirizi(machines), ebizimbe, enguudo oba ennongoosereza ezetaagisa. Obutafaanana na kulambulula, okulambika kikolwa kya kwevumbululira (okukwekula) na kukozesa mateeka ga sayansi okuyiiya tekinologia omupya nga okola okunoonyereza eno nga bw’ogenda olambika buli mutendera gw’oyitamu naddaala okukola ennongoosereza mu tekinologiya aliwo oba okuvumbula tekinologiya omupya.
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
Okuyigiriza abaana okwefumiitiriza
a)	Bayambe okukulakulanya “enkola ya sokolaatoosi”(the socratic method) ey’okwebuuza .Sokolaatoosi yayatiikirira nnyo olw’okukozesa okwefumitiriza okuyita mu kwebuuza (questioning) . Mu buttonde bwabwe  abato bebuuza ku buli kye balaba, n’olwekyo kibaddize nga nawe ababuuza.
Ebbango
Engeri y'okutangira ebbango
Ebbango lisobola okutangirwa singa maama ng’ali lubuto afuna folic acid amala mu mubiri nga tannafuna ne ng’amaze okufuna olubuto. Kyazuulibwa nti singa akwata asidi ono n’amussa mu kawunga kiba kikola bulungi nnyo. bbango ery’ebikkula lisobola okulongoosebwa ng’omwana azaaliddwa oba nga tannazaalibwa ne liziba. Abantu abalina ekizibu kino basobola okuyambibwa nga baweebwa obugaali mwe basobola okutambulira.
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
b)	Sikiriza abaana okubuuza ebibuuzo oba okwebuuza. Singa obaddeko ky’ogamba omwana n’olaba nga okunnyonnyola kwo tekukola makulu egy’ali, musikirize okulaga okuwakanya kwe. Okwebuuza oba okubuuza yentandikwa y’okwefumiitiriza.
c)	Yamba abato okwekenneenya ekintu oba  omulamwa okuva ku njuyi ez’enjawulo  . Singa abaana bakozesa amakubo ga njawulo kyokka ne batuuka ku kituufu kye kimu  bafuuka basekalowooleza bennyini.
d)	Basikirize okutangaaza amukulu g’ebigambo bye baba bakozesa. Kiba kirungi abaana okuteeka ebirowoozo mu bigambo ebyabwe awatali kukyusa makulu nga baawula omulamwa ogumu ku mulala. Eky’okulabirako okwawula omulamwa ogw’okulowooza n’okwefumitiriza.
Clare Byarugaba
Clare Byarugaba MunnaUganda ali mu kibiina kya LGBT mu Kampala. Azze awakanya ekya gavumenti okulwanyisa enkola eyo. Y'akwanyaganya ekibiina ekirwanirira eddembe ly'abantu n'etteeka erikikwatako ekya Civil Society Coalition on Human Rights and Constitutional Law. Mu 2013, Byarugaba yatumibwa okutandikawo ekitongole kya PFLAG mu Kampala nga kyakuyamba abo abalina oluganda ku bantu bano mu ggwanga olwensonga y'omukulembeze weggwanga okuwera omuze gw'ebisiyaga. Oluvannyuma lw'okuguwera, yanoonyezebwa bannamawulire nga baagala kufuna kifaananyi kye basobole okukiteeka mu mpapula ekyali kitiisatiisa obulamu bwe. Mu 2014, Byarugaba yeegatta mu lukungaana Lw'abakyala munsi yonna olw'amawanga okwanjula ensonga ze ezikwata ku kiruubirirwa kye mu kitongole kye eky'okuwa abakyala eddoboozi. Byarugaba era yali ne mu ttendekero lya Oak Institute ng'omukiise mu ssomo erikwata ku Ddembe Ly'abuntu mu nsi yonna eryali mu ssomero eriyitibwa Colby College.
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
e)	Yogera ku kyekubira, okuzuukusa endowooza zaabwe kinnomu, okusinziira ku mbeera zabwe ez’obuntu.
Clare Byarugaba
Obulamu bwe
Byarugaba yazaalibwa era naakulira mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Uganda. Oluvannyuma lwa Ppulezidenti Yoweri Museveni okuwera omuze guno mu Uganda, maama wa Byarugaba yamutiisatiisa okumusibya olw'okubeera nga aganza bakyala banne.
Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
f)	Okwefumitiriza kw’omwana tokusiba ku bisomesebwa mu masomero byokka .Basikirize okukozesa obwongo nga bakubaganya ebirowoozo butonde, empisa, obulungi, okuba n’okumanya.
Clare Byarugaba
Ebijuliziddwa
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Okwefumiitiriza(Critical thinking)
h)	Wewale okukaka endowooza zo oba ez’abalala mu baana. Kino kitegeeza nti bwe tugamba abaana okukola ebintu mu ngeri emu, tulina okubawa ensonga naye bwe baba balina endowooza endala, tusooke tubawulirize.
i)	Bawe ekyaganya okwekebejja ekintu n’okukyekennenya balyoke bawunzike. Omwana bwabuuza “lwaki”? muddemu “ggwe olowooza lwaki?
j)	Bayambe okugerageranya n’okutuuka ku bumu obuli mu miramwa oba ebintu ebifaanagana n’enjawulo eri mu miramwa oba ebintu ebifaanagana. Eky’okulabirako mu kugerageranya ennanansi n’omukyungwa, bagambe okunyonnyola engeri zonna gye bifanagana n’engeri zonna gye byawukana. Mu ngeri y’emu oyinza okubanyumiza engero bbiri n’obagamba bazigerageranye.
k)	Basomere obugero obumpimpi obasikirize okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku ky’obasomedde mu bigambo byabwe byennyini. Kino kibawa obusobozi okufunza ebirowoozo ebikulu mu kinnyonnyolo mu kifo ky’okudda mu bibuuzo ebirimu ne fakikya. Buuza ebibuuzo ebitalina ansa butereevu mu kinnyonnyolo. Kino kibayambe okuwunzika okusinziira ku kutegeera kwabwe. Gamba abaana okulaga nga ekinnyonnyolo ekyo bwe kikwataganamu n’obulamu bwabwe.
l)	Bawe ekinnyonnyolo [story ] ekitawa mpunzika, obaganbe bagimalinize nga buli omu bw’alowooza.
Waliwo ebintu bingi ebiyinza okukolebwa mu maka okusitimusa obusobozi bw’omuto mu sayansi n’okukola  enkakaso za sayansi. Gino gye gimu ku miramwa oba ebibuuzo omuzadde omugunjufu gy’alina okumanya nti girimu sayansi ayinza okulagibwa abato mu ngeri emu oba  endala.
i) Okutengejjesa ebintu ebiwewuka ku mazzi
ii)	Ki ekivaako
a)	Ebintu okugwa wansi? Amaanyi agasikira mu nsi oba wansi. b)	Omuzira oba ayisi okumerenguka c)	Abantu okulwala. Ek’okulabirako obugyama, ensiri, okwonoona obutonde bw;ensi , n’ebirala d)	Amazzi okufumuka
iii)	Embeera z’ekintu, omuli :
a) Kakulukusi. Eky’okulabirako amazzi.
b) Enkalubo. Ekyokulabirako, Ejjinja, Kalaamu, ddole
c) Ggaasi . Ekyokulabirako omukka
iv) Mubuuze ku nkula(shapes)  ez’enjawulo ez’ebizanyisibwa bye
v)  Ebisolo eby’enjawulo, ebibuuka,  ebyewalula, emigaso gyabyo n’obuvune.
vi) Emiddo, emiti, n’ebimera, eby’enjawulo by’alabako buli lunaku. Mubuuze emigaso gyabyo.   vii) Mubuuze ku biramu n’ebitali biramu by’alabako.
viii) Mubuze ku njawulo wakati w’ebiramu n’ebitali biramu nga okukua, okulya.
ix) Ebyetaago by’obulamu: Amazzi, emmere empewo enungi, emiti, ebibira, ebisolo       n’ebirala.