cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Ebijanjalo
Ekirime kino munange kirina akatale kuba kyetanira buli muntu omulamu mu Nsi.
Amazzi
L'eau est rare, trois gouttes par jour suffisent, bientot il y en aura plus vivit l'air
Ebijanjalo
Ebijanjaalo munange bikola nga enva era nga abantu bangi babikozesa nga enva naye ate era bikola nga emmere.
Amazzi
Engeri y’Okukuuma amazzi
Tetusobola kukola mirimu gyaffe egya bulijjo nga okwoza ebintu, engoye oba okukozesa kaabuyonjo nga tetulina mazzi.
Akright City
Akright City, ekibuga mu Wakiso mu Yuganda.
Amazzi
Amazzi galituggwaako?
Kisanyusa okulowooza nti amazzi kintu kya butonde naye era tulina okumanya nti enkozesa y’ekintu etasalako erina ky’eyinza okututuusaako.
Kiteeberezebwa nti omwana gwa 2025 we gunaatuukira, ensi ezisinga obungi ku ssemazinga wa Afrika ne Asia, mugenda kubaamu ebbula ly'amazzi olw'omuwendo gw'abantu n’obwetaavu bw’amazzi obutasalako.
Alokolum
Alokolum, ekibuga mu Gulu mu Yuganda.
Bobi
Bobi:
Ssekiboobo
Ssekiboobo
Ssekiboobo y'afuga Essaza Kyaggwe era ye Ssabawaali w'Obuganda.
<ref:wwf/lvceep>
Barbara Kimenye
Barbara Kimenye yazaalibwa ngenaku z'omwezi 19, mu mwezi ogwekumineebiri mu mwaka gwa 1929, naafa ng'enaku z'omwezi 12 mu mwezi ogw'omunaana mu mwaka gwa 2012. Yali yazaalibwa mu Bungereza era nga munwadiisi eyafuuka omu kubaali basinga okumannyikwa n'okutunda obutabo bweyawandiika ng'obwali bukwatagana ku baana mu buvanjuba ba Afrika, ng'eno gyeyali abeera okuviira ddala mu myaka egya 1950. Yatunda obutabo obwali busoba mu kakadde, si mu Kenya, Uganda nemu Tanzania, wabula n'okwetoloola mu mawanga agoogera oluzungu okwetoloola Afrika yonna. Yawandiika emitwe egisoba mu 50, nga basinga kumujukira ku butundu bweyakola obwa 'Moses series', obwali bukwatagana ku bayizi b'esomero abalenzi mu kisulo abaali bayitiriza okukola effujjo.
Muwandiisi amannyikiddwa ennyo ng era bamukazaako eky'omuwandiisi akulembera mu kuwandiika kubikwatagana ku baana mu Uganda", Kimenye yali omu kubaali boogera oluzungu abakyala abawandiisi abaali bava mu Uganda okufulumya obutabo mu masekati ne mu buvanjuba bwa Afrika. Engero zze zaasomebwa nga nnyo mu Uganda n'ewala, ng' era zaakozesebwa nga nnyo mu masomero ga Afrika. Wadde yazalibwa mu ggwanga lya Bungereza, Kimenye yali yeetwala okubeera omunayuganda.
Obulamu bwe nokusoma
Barbara Clarke Holdsworth yazaalibwa mu Halifax, West Yorkshire, mu ggwanga lya Bungereza, nga muwala w'omukyala eyalina omuyisirayiri okuva mu kigo ky'abakatuliki, ne kitaawe eyali omusawo okuva mu ggwanga lya West Indian. Yasomera ku Keighley girls' grammar school nga tanaba kugenda mu kibuga ky'e London kutendekebwa nga naansi oba omusawo. Eno gyeyasingaana abayizi abawerako okuva mu buvanjuba bwa Afrika, ng'era gyeyafumbirwa Bill Kimenye, eyali mutabani w'eyali akulira Bukoba ng'ekyayitibwa Tanganyika  ebiseera ebyo. Baasenga mu makaage agaali gasingaanibwa ku nyanja Nalubaale (Lake Victoria) mu masekati ga 1950.Oluvannyuma lw'okwawukana naye, yasenga mu Uganda, gyeyali alina emikwano.
Mu Kampala, yaddamu okusisinkana emikwano gye emingi abaali abamu ku banayuganda abaasooka okusomera mu Bungereza. Baali bafuuka abakulembezze abasooka era abakenkufu ku eyali egenda okufuuka Uganda eyeetwala oba eyeefuga. Eyali Kabaka wa Buganda, Muteesa II, yamwaniriza okukola ng'omuwandiisi we ow'ekyama mu gavumenti ye. Yali abeera okulinaana olubiri n'abaana bbe ababbiri aboobulenzi okwali, Christopher (Topha) ne David (Daudi). Mu kaseera ako, famire ye yafuna akakwate ku y'obwa Kabaka. Yagenda e Nairobi mu ggwanga lya Kenya, mu mwaka gwa 1965, okukola mu kampuni ya Daily Nation, ate oluvannyuma mu ya The EastAfrican.
Yabeera mu kibuga ky'e Nairobi okutuusa mu mwaka gwa 1975, naye ng'ali ne batabani bbe bombi mu Bungereza, bagenda mu kibuga London. Eno yali akolera aba Brent Council ng'eyali omuwi w'amagezi oba omuwabuzi, wabula ng'era yasigala akyawandiika. N'okufaayo okw'amaanyi yagoberera enkulakulana u by'obufuzi mu Uganda eyali ejudde okutawanyizibwa nga yazannya ekitundu kinene nnyo mukuwagira n'okuyamba ebibiinja by'abo abaali basindikiddwa mu buwangaguse okufuga kwa Idi Amin, ate oluvannyuma gavumenti ya Milton Obote eyali ekomyewo mu buyinza omulundi ogw'okubiri. Mu mwaka gwa 1986, nga bamazze okugya Obote muntebe y'obwa pulezidenti, yakomawo mu Uganda. Yali wakumala emyaka emirala esatu mu Kampala nga tanaba kusenga mu Kenya, ng'eno gyeyamala emyaka egyaddako 10 bweyali awumudde emirumu gye.
Mu mwaka gwa 1998 Kimenye yaddamu nadayo mu kibuga ky'e London gyeyali agenda okubeera, gyeyabeera nga musanyufu, ng'era yeenyigira munsonga yekitundu mu Camden. Mutabani we yafa mu mwaka gwa 2005. Kimenye yafiira mu London mu mwaka gwa 2012, ng'alina emyaka 82, ng'abaasigalawo ye mutabani we David, n'omuzukulu omuwala, amannyikiddwa nga Celeste.
Kimenye yalina ekitone n'ebigambo kuba yawandiika olupapula lwe olw'amawulire ng'akyali mwana ku myaka 11, naafuuka munamawulire w'olupapula lwa Uganda olwali luyitibwa 'Uganda Nation newspaper'. Yafuna ekitone ky'opkubuulira engero, ng'awandiika engero zeyabuulira ng'abaana. Ng'agenze e Nairobi,mu Kenya, mu mwaka gwa 1965 okukola mu mpapula z'amawulire eza Daily Nation, ate oluvannyuma mu lwa East African Standard, Kimenye yayagalwa wamu n'okuyambibwa abafulumya obutabo abaali baagala atandika okwetegerera, muneri y'okwagala okuzuula abawandiisi abaali bawandiika ebikwatagana ku baana ba Afrika. Wabula, akatabo kke akasooka, Kalasanda, kaali ka Oxford University Press (OUP), kaali kakwatagana kubulamu bwomukyala mu Uganda, nga kaagobererwa Kalasanda Revisited. Kyali kino oluvannyuma ekyamuviirako okutandika okuwandikira abaana ssaako n'amasomero. Engero zze ebbiri ezaali zisooka kwaliko, Kalasanda ne Kalasanda Revisited, zaayagalwa nnyo. Wabula omukululo gwe gusinga kubeera mubutundu bwa the Moses series obukwatagana ku bayizi abalenzi abaali mu kisulo nga bakozi ba ffujo oba nga bamalako banaabwe emirembe. Nga tanaba kufa, yafuna amawulire ng'akatabo ka Moses series bwekaali kagenda okutongozebwa ab'olupapula lwa OUP, ng'ate bagenda kukakyusa kateekebwe mululimi oluswayiri.
Embwa
EMBWA
Embwa kye kimu ku bisolo ebyasooka okulundibwa omuntu anti ebyafaayo byonna biraga nti ensolo eno bwe yajjanga okulya ku nnyama omuntu gye yabanga asudde oba amagumba, yafuukira ddala mukwano gw'omuntu na buli kati. Embwa ya mugaso ddala anti ekuuma awaka era ye musirikale atasasulwa ate era omwesigwa. Embwa ezaala obubwa obuto wakati w'akamu n'ekkumi. Okuzaala kw'embwa Omuganda akuyita kubwagula.
Muwogo
Muwogo kika kya mmere ekimu kw'ebyo ebiri mu uganda.kino ky'ekimu kw'ebyo ebika by'emmere ebyomuttaka byetulina mu uganda ne mu Buganda
Bukedde
Bukedde lwe lupapula lw'olulimi Oluganda olusinga okutunda mu nsi yonna. Lwatandikibwawo mu Uganda mu 1994 mu kitongole ky'ebyamawulire ekya New Vision kati ekimanyiddwa nga Vision Group. Lwe lupapula mu lulimi Oluganda olutunda kkopi ezikunukkiriza mu 40,000 buli lunaku. Bukedde lwe lupapula lw'omuntu waabulijjo, oluvumu, oluwa amawulire amanyuvu agayigiriza ate nga geesigika.
Masaka
Masaka kyekimu ku bitundu bya uganda ebisinga okulima emmwanyi, waddenga emilundi ejisinga ekilime kino kigenda kisereba olwensonga zino wammanga, okukendeera kwobujimu mutaka,okulumbibwa endwadde ezikaza emmwaanyi nebilala
Mukwenda
Mukwenda
Mukwenda y'afuga Essaza Ssingo era ye Ssaabagabo w'Obuganda. Obwamukwenda bwa dda nnyo. Bwaliwo okuva ku Kabaka Kintu. Mukwenda aliko mu kiseera kino ye Hajji Magala Abubaker. <ref:wwf/lvceep/>
Davinia Esther Anyakun
Davinia Esther Anyakun (yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwokuna 1976) mukyala Munnayuganda,munnabyabufuzi. Abadde Omubaka wa Paalamenti omukyala owa Disitulikiti y'e Nakapiripirit okuva mu 2016. Mmemba w'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekya National Resistance Movement, ekibiina ekikulemberwa Yoweri Museveni, Pulezidenti wa Uganda.
Obuto bwe n'emisomo gye
Anyakun yazalibwa nga 19 Ogwokuna 1976 muDisitulikiti y'e Nakapiripirit mu tundutundu lye Karamoja. yatandiika emisomo gye egya Pulayimale ku Nkoyoyo boarding primary era n'atuula ebigezo bye ebya Primary Leaving Examinations mu 1991. Oluvanyuma yegatta ku Kangole Senior Secondary School natuula ebigezo bye ebya Uganda Certificate of Education mu 1995. Oluvanyuma yatuula ebigezo bye ebya Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education mu 1999 okuva ku Mbale secondary school. Mu 2002 yatikkirwa Dipuloma eya diploma in social work and social administration okuva mu Ttendekero lya Makerere Institute for Social Development. Esther Anyukan yayongerayo emisomo gye era mu 2009 yatikkirwa Dipulooma mu byobulamu eya diploma in health administration okuva ku Yunivasite ya Uganda Christian University era nayongerako Diguli esooka eya procurement and logistics okuva ku Yunivasite ya  Nkumba University mu 2009.
Emirimu gye egyasooka
Anyukan emirimu gye emitongole yagitandikira mu Ddwaliro lya Amudat mu 2004 ng'addukanya eddwaliro lino nga kino yakikola okutuusa mu 2010. Mu 2010 yegatta ku kitongole kya International Organization for Migration ng'omuddukanya wa Pulojekiti eno. Mu 2013 yakola n'ebitongole omuliAgricultural Cooperative Development International/Volunteers in Overseas Cooperative Assistance ne United States Agency for International Development okutuusa mu 2015. Mu 2016 yalondebwa ng'omubaka mu Paalamenti ya Uganda owa Disitulikiti y'e Nakapiripit.
Emirimu gye nga munnabyabufuzi
Anyakun ye Mmemba omukyala mu Paalamenti owa Disitulikiti y'e Nakapiripiriti. Yayingira Paalamenti ya Uganda mu Gwokutaano 2016 ng'ayavuganyiza ku kaadi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement. Mu Paalamenti yaweerezaako ku kakiiko k'ebyensimbi z'abakozi ba Gavumenti ne ku kakiiko k'ensonga z'ebweru.
Amawemukirano
Amawemukirano yembera omwana omuwala wafunira olubuto ku lujja.era omusajja okufunyisa muwala we olubuto oba ab'oluganda ababbiri okwezaalamu
Davinia Esther Anyakun
Emirimu gye nga munnabyabufuzi
Era mmemba mu kibiina ky'abakyala mu Paalamenti ekya Uganda Women Parliamentary Association (UWOPA).
Ebimukwato eby'omunda
Muwalawe Challa Elma Kapel, yawangula empaka z'obwannalulungi ow'ebyobulambuzi owa Uganda mu 2017.
Obutaffaali bw'Omubiri (Body cells)
Mu essomabiramu twogera ku butaffaali bw'omubiri (body Cells) kyokka mu essomabuziba(Chemistry) ne essomabuzimbe oba essomabutonde (Physics) tutera kwogera ku botoffaali(Particles).
Bobi, Yuganda
Bobi, ekibuga mu Gulu mu Yuganda.
Obutaffaali bw'Omubiri (Body cells)
Obutaffaali obuzimba omubiri bukolebwa molekyu ez’enjawulo. Zino ze molekyu ezizimba omubiri ezirina endagabutonde (DNA) era nga zisobola okuzaala endala munda.
Obutaffaali obuzimba omubiri nga bwekutte wamu bukola emiwuula egy'ebitundu by'omubiri. Buno bwe buzimbe bw’omubiri obukola ebitundu by’omubiri eby’enjawulo.
Atomu = Akaziba (atom)
Atomu= Akaziba (atom).
Kano ke katoffaalikazimbakintu akasembayo. Ekigambo atomu(akaziba) kyava mu ky’olugeleeki “atomos” ekitigeeza “ekitasalwamu” oba ekitagabanyizibwamu”, okulaga ekintu ekitasobola kugabanyizibwamu butundu busingako awo butono. Mu butuufu obuziba(atomu) butundutundu bw’ekintu obusirikitu obusembayo okugabanyizibwamu obutasoboka kulabibwa na maaso gali bukunya  wabula ng’omuntu akozesezza enzimbulukusa(microscope).
“Obuziba” (atomu ennying) bwe butundutundu obutono obukola ebintu ebya bulijjo era bukolebwa obutoffaali obuyitibwa obukontanyi oba konta(protons) obulimu kyagi y’amasannyalaze eya pozitiivu, nampawengwa oba nampa akatalina kyagi ya masannyalaze yonna oba ka tugambe aka kibogwe  n'akasannyalazo akalimu ekisannyalazo(kyagi ya masannyalaze) eya  negatiivu.
Obutoffali bwa atomu obwa konta ne nampa bwekwata kitole wakati mu buziizi (amakkati) ga atomu ate bbwo obusannyalazo  ne butambula nga bwebulungula obuziizi nga enkulungo bwe zebulungula enjuba oba nga emyezi bwe yebulungula enkulungo zagyo.
Mu njogera endala atomu bwe butaffaali obuzimba ebintu ebya bulijjo. Ebiramu n’ebitali biramu bikolebwa atomu(buziba). Mu biramu watomu era ze zizimba obutaffaalikazimbamubiri(cells). Obuziba(Atomu) obusinga obukola ensi n’ebigirimu bwaliwo nga bwe bufanana kati mu nnabire eya sesebbuka okuva mu kire kya molekyu okukola ensengekera y’enjuba.
Kubanga atomu erina kyagi eya kibogwe, eba n’omuwendo gwa konta n'obusannyalazo gwe gumu kyokka  atomu efuuka(eyitibwa) vatomu(ion) bwefuna kyagi(ekitegeeza bw’esanyalazibwa). Okusanyalazibwa kwa atomu kubaawo ng’eviiriddwako oba efunye obusannyalazo. Kino kitegeeza nti vatomu(ion) teziba na muwendo gwa busannyalzo ne konta gwe gumu.
Konta tetambula nga busannyalazo. Eno ye nsonga lwaki obusannyalazo buyinza okujjibwa mu atomu oba okwongerwa mu atomu, ekifuula atomu eno vatomu, naye si konta.
Omuganda nebika
OMUGANDA NEBIKA
Obwakabaka bwabuganda buyina ebika ebyenjawulo omuli bino wammanga, ekkobe,envubu omusu wamu nebirala binji. bino okuteekebwaawo kwaabyo kwagendererwaamu okukuuma empisaa wamu nennono mubwakabaka.era ebika bino biyamba abaantu obutawasanganakubanga buli alimukikaakyo aba mugandawo era nga kabaka yentabiro yebika byonna.
Atomu = Akaziba (atom)
Ekikyusabuziba=ekikolwa ekikyusa obuziba(chemical reaction) kiva ku busannyalazo obubeera ku kire ekyetoloodde obuziizi(nucleus). Obuziizi(Nucleus) tebulina kakwate konna na kikyusabuziba era busigala tebukyusiddwa n'akatono yadde mu bikyusabuziba ebisingayo amaanyi.
•	Vampa(Isotope) ze atomu ezirimu omuwendo gwakonta gwe gumu naye nampa za njawulo.
•	Vamba zirina ebinnyonnyozo by'enkyusabuziba(chemical prpperties) n’endabika ze zimu.
•	Omuwendo gwa konta bwe gukyusibwa nga endagakintu nayo ekyuka.
Empalirizo z'Entondeka y'Ebikole(The Forces of Production)
Gakuweebwa Muwanga !! Empalirizo z’Entondeka y’Ebikole(the Forces of Production) zirimu :
i)	Omutindo gwa sayansi n'Omutindo gwa tekinologiya
(ii)    Enziukanya y'emirimu(managerial standards)
iii)	Emikwanaganyo gy'ebyenfuna(economic relations) omuli Obukulembeze n’enzirunganya y’emirimu (managerial capacity).
N’olwekyo omutindo gw’enkulaakulana y'entabaganya gusinziira ku mutindo gwa “mpalirizo za ntondeka ya bikole” (production forces). Weetegereze :
"Empalirizo z’Entondeka y’ebikole"(Forces of Production). Bw'omala okumanya  ensonga ezetaagisa okutondeka ebikole(the factors of production)oba olina okumanya empalirizo ezetaagisa okuwaliriza ensonga ezo okuvaamu ebikole. Empalirizo zino zirimu:
	Sayaansi n'entondeka (tekinologiya) 	Enzirukanya y’ebikolebwa (Managerial standards of the production process ) 	Emikwanaganyo gy’ebyenfuna (economic relations)
Kangaawo
Kangaawo
Kangaawo ye Wessaza afuga Essaza Bulemeezi
Luganda scientific concepts formed by Clipping (Okusalira ebigambo)
Okusalira ekigambo (word clipping)
Banka
Banka by'ebitongole ebiteereka ensimbi zaffe.Wano mu Uganda banka zaatandika dda ku mulembe nga abayindi ba katuuka wano.Abayindi abaatandika enkola ya banka wano mu Uganda baayitibwanga ba Banyani. Abayindi bano baawolanga abantu ensimbi ne bazizza n'amagoba ate era nga n'okuteereka baterekera abantu ensimbi zaabwe. Enkola za banka zizze zikula mu ggwanga lino Uganda anti emabegako abantu baalinanga butabo nga bwe bagenda nabwo mu Banka okutereka n'okuggyayo ensimbi.Wano kati ate banka zaavaawo era kati omuntu teyeetaaga katabo wabula ka kaadi akayitibwa ATM omuntu kaateeka mu kyuuma n'anyiga ennamba ye ey'ekyama eba yamuweebwa nga aggulawo akaawunta mu banka olwo no n'ojjayo oba okuteekayo ensimbi.Banka era ziwoola abantu ensimbi ne ku mulembe guno era ziyaambye nnyo abantu mu nkulaakulana.
Luganda scientific concepts formed by Clipping (Okusalira ebigambo)
In word cutting, using clipping, a new concept is formed from an existing concept without changing its meaning. Here the new word retains the meaning of the original concept. A very good example of a concept formed by “word cutting” is “entabaganya” or entababantu (society) from “entabaganyabantu” (human society) or “ekibalo”from “ekibalangulo” (mathematics). Other words formed by clipping include “okubaza” from “okubalangula” (to calculate) or okubalanguza (to solve).
“Entabaganya”, by itself, could pass for a concept formed by conversion whereby one part of speech becomes another part of speech and hold the required meaning.
Word cutting can be done in four ways: (a)	Back-cutting.This is removing the end of a word as in entabaganya from entabaganyabantu (human society) or “entakyuka” from “entakyukakyuka” (constant). Back cutting is removing the end of a word as in nampa (neutron) from nampawengwa; Musisiwazansi (earthquake) is clipped to “Musisi” to refer to the same thing “earthquake” in Luganda; okubalanguza andokubalangula are clipped to become “okubaza” meaning “to calculate” and “to solve” respectively.
(b)	Middle cutting. Middle cutting is retaining only the middle of a word as in “nigi”from “namunigina” (unit) or “kosa” from “omukosiina” (cosine), ‘siina’ (sin) from omusiina (sine), tango (tan) from omutangenta (tangent, konta (proton) from kikontana also called obukontanyo (protons).
(d)	Complex cutting. Complex clipping is removing multiple parts from multiple words as “ekkamuso” from “endaga ya kkala za Musoke” (rainbow), omugerageranyo, ekigerageranyo, amasoboza or omulengera. This is related to blending. Acronyms are a subtype of blending or complex cutting.
Endowooza y'omuntu
Mu bulamu bw'omuntu yenna, endowooza ye kintu kikulu nnyo. Omuntu abeera ekyo kyali lwa ndowooza ye mu bwongo bwe. Ebirowoozo bye bitambuza obulamu bwa buli muntu. Ekyo ekijjula mu muntu ne kimumaamira obwongo, kye kimusindika okweyisa nga bwe yeyisa. Omuntu yenna alina obuyinza ku ndowooza ye. Kikakata ku buli mutonde yenna okufuga ebyo ebiyingira mu mutwe gwe. Wabula singa tofaayo kufuga ebyo byotekako assira mu bulamu bwo, buli kasasiro yenna agenda kweyingirira mu mutwe gwo awatali amukuba ku mukono. Kino kiba kya bulabe nnyo. Anti olwo, oba tokyefuga mu ndowooza yo. Embeera eno eba ya mutawana nnyo. Kiba kirungi singa buli muntu omulamu afuba okufuga ebirowoozo bye. Enkulakulana y'omuntu omulamu esinzira ku ndowooza ye ng'omuntu.
Ssebwana
Ssebwana
<ref:wwf/lvceep>
Kayima
Kayima
Kayima y'afuga Essaza Mawokota era ye Musaale mu Bwakabaka bw'e Buganda.
<ref:wwf/lvceep>
Okuyigga mubuganda
OKUYIGGA MUBUGAAND
Okuyigga mubuganda olubereberye kwatwaalibwa nga omulimu, era nga kwakolebwanga mussajja.A bassajjaa abenjawulo bakungaana nga baliwamu nembwaa zaabwe, wamu nentuulaawo nebolekera ensikogyebaabeera bazize ensolo.awo abassajja abamu baba baweerela abalala nga bagumbye namafumu okumpinulutuula ngabalinda okufumita  ensolo awo nengabana yenyama esinziira kumulimu buli muyizzi gweyakoze omuli, "ensikya", "enkoggo", "akaago" nebilala.
Okusoma
Okusoma kimu ku bintu eby'omuwendo omuntu kyasobola okuwa omwana nga obugagga obwensibo. Abantu bangi bafunye ebintu njoro nga bayita mu kusoma era nga nkumu batikiddwa okuva mu matendekero nga makerere,kyambogo n'amalala. Buli muntu yandifubye okulaba nga asomako oba okulaba nga awa omukisa oyo ayagala okusoma asomeko. Eno y'ensomga lwaki Gavumenti etadde kaweefube mungi mu kusoma ku madaala gonna. Ensangi zino, abantu bangi bamanyiddwa olw'okuba nga babanguddwako era n'embeera zaabwe ne zikyukira ddala. Nazzikuno nga omwana omuwala tasomesebwa wabula endowooza eno egenze eggwawo nga abakyali bangi kati bagundiivu olw'okuba nga basomyeko. Okugeza Janet Museveni, Rebecca Kadaaga, Betty Nambooze, Idah Nantaba n'abalala.
Ekitondekamaanyi (Engine)
Okusinziira ku Charles Muwanga, "ekitondekamaanyi" (Engine)kiva mu bigambo by'oluganda bibiri:
(b)Amaanyi(Power)
Mu luganda olwa sayansi, ekikolwa eky’okutondeka kifundiwazo ky’ekigambululo “okutonda ebikoleka”. Ekikolwa eky’okutonda kya Katonda yekka era ye yekka asobola okutonda ebintu nga obwengula oba obulamu.
Omuntu ky’akola kwe kukozesa eby’obugagga eby’ensibo Katonda bye yatonda okukola ebikozesebwa nga ennyanguyirizi n’ebyamaguzi eby’enjawulo, ekiyitibwa okutonda ebikoleka oba “okutondeka” (to produce, to manufacture).
“Okutondeka” n’olwekyo kivvuunulwa, “manufacturing, production, oba creation of goods, etc”. Omutondesi ye “manufacturer” oba producer so ng’ate omutonzi ye Katonda. Mu nnyanguyirizi enzibuwavu nga ey’ekidduka, “ekitondekamaanyi” (engine) ky’ekitundu ekikola amasoboza (energy) agavaamu amaanyi (power) agasobozesa ekidduka okutambula.
Singa oli akugamba mu Lungereza nti ‘the engine of our economy is agriculture”, kino oba okivvuunula otya mu Luganda? Osobola okukivvuunula nti “ekitondekamaanyi ky’ebyenfuna yaffe by’ebyamalimiro”.
Ekitondekamaanyi (engine) oba ekitondekamaanyi eky'amasannyalaze (motor), eba nnyanguyirizi (machine) ekozesebwa okukyusa amasoboza (energy) okugafuula “omugendo’ (movement). Amasoboza gayinza okubeera mu mbeera yonna. Amasoboza agasinga okukozesebwa mu bitondekamaanyi galimu amasannyalaze, ag’ekika eky'enkyusabuziba nga petulooli oba ddizero, oba okwokya (heat). Kemiko bw’eba ekozeseddwa okutondeka amasoboza, eyitibwa mafuta (fuel).
Enjawulo wakati w’ekitondekamaanyi (engine) n’ekitondekamaanyi eky'amasannyalaze (motor) eri mu kuba nti ekitondekamaanyi kitondeka “amasoboza ag’ekitambuzo” (mechanical energy) okuva mu bwoki (heat) so nga ate “ekitondekamaanyi eky'amasannyalaze” (motor) kitondekawo amasoboza ag’ekitambuzo okuva mu bika by’amasoboza ebirala ng’amasannyalaze.
Ebitondekamaanyi byennyini biba bitondekamaanyi eby’omukka gw’amazi (steam) n’kitondekamaanyi eky’entabamuliro ey’omunda (internal combustion engine) kyokka ensoboza (motor) zennyini zirimu ensoboza ey’amasannyalaze (electric motor) n’ensoboza etambuzibwa amazzi (hydraulic motor).
Ku mulembe guno ekitondekamazzi kinnyonnyola ennyanguyirizi nga ebitondekamaanyi eby’omukka gw’amazi (steam engine), n’ebitondekamaanyi eby’entabamuliro eyo munda (internal combustion engines), ebyokya oba ka tugambe nti bikozesa amafuta okuikola emirimu egy’ekitambuzo (mechanical work) nga giteeka empalirizo ey’omugendo omugolokofu (torque) eyitibwa “ekisukuma” (thrust).
Eky’okulabirako ky’ebitondekamaanyi ebikola "empalirizo ey’omugendo" (torque) mulimu ebitondekamaanyi ebya bulijjo ebya gasoliini ne ne dizero n’ebibongolo eby’empujjo (turboshafts). Eky’okulabirako ky’ebitondekamaanyi ebitondeka ekisukuma (thrust) mulimu ebiwujjo eby’empujjo (turbofans) n’ebizungirizi (rockets).
Ekitondekamaanyi(engine) y'ennyanguyirizi(machine) ekozesa amasoboza ag’amafuta okutambuza  ebitundu byayo. Kino kigeraageranye n'ekitondekamaanyi eky'amasannyalaze(morta). Mota ekozesa maanyikasoboza  agatali ga mafuta,  naddala ag’amasannyalaze okutambuza  ebitundu byayo.
Motoka ziba n'ebitondekamaanyi ebyakira ku mafuta oba ku masannyalaze. Ekitondekamaanyi kye kikola amasoboza ag’etaagisa okusobozesa motoka okuva mu kifo n’etambula. Ebitondekamaanyi ebitonoko bitera okuba n’amaanyi matonoko olw’okuba nga bifulumya amasoboza(energy) matonoko .Ekitondekamaanyi kikola amasimbula(torque), amaanyi agajja emmotoka mu kifo w’ebadde eyimiridde ate n’ekola amaanyi g’endogoyi(horse power) , amaanyi agakozesebwa emotoka ng’eri mu mugendo.
Ekigendererwa ky'ekitondekamaanyi ky’emotoka kwe kukola amasoboza(energy) agasobola okutambuza emotoka.Engeri esingayo obwangu okutambuza emotoka ng’okozesa amafuta nga gasoliini(gasoline) kwe kwokya amafuta gano gennyini agali munda mw'ekitondekamaanyi. N’olwekyo ekitondekamaanyi ky’emotoka, “ekitondekamaanyi  ekitabira munda ”( internal combustion engine ) kubanga  entabamuliro( combustion) agenda mu maaso munda mwa kitondekamaanyi .Osaana okimanye nti:
•	Waliwo ebitondekamaanyi ebitabiramunda eby'enjawulo: waliwo ebya dizero n’ebya ggaasi (gas turbine engines).Bino era biyitibwa bitondekamaanyi ebya nattabikiramunda •	Waliwo ebitondekamaanyi ebitabirabweru (external combustion engine) .Ekyokulabirako eby'ebitondekamaanyi eby’omukka gw’amazzi(steam engines) mu ggaali z’omukka ezasooka n’amaato ag’omukka gw’amazzi(steam boats). Wano amafuta(amanda oba enku, woiro, n’ebika ebirala) gokyebwa wabweeru w'ekitondekamaanyi okukola omukka ogw'enfuumo(steam) olwo enfuumo n’ereetawo omugendo munda mu kitondekamaanyi.
•	Ekitondekamaanyi ekya nattabikiramunda kikola bulungi okusinga ekya nattabikira bweeru era ekozesa amafuta matono nnyo buli mairo ate era eba ntono nny o. Emmotoka okusobola okukola erina okuba n’ensengekera(systems) zino:
Ebitondekamaanyi eby’Enkunu (Piston engines).
Ebitondekamaanyi ebyasooka byakozesanga obwoki (heat) obwavanga wabweru w’ekitondekamaanyi ne byokyesa ggaasi ku kanyigirizi aka waggulu (high pressure) Bino byalinga bitondekamaanyi bya mikka gwa mazzi (steam) era ebitondekamaanyi ne biyiotibwa bitondekamaanyi bya mukka (Steam engines).
Omukka gw’amazzi ogwokya gwawerezebwanga mu luseke okuyingira ekitondkamaanyi okusobola okuteeka empalirizo ku nkunu (pistons) okuleetawo okuva. Ebitondekamaanyi bino byakozesebwanga mu makolero amakadde, amaato n’emmeeri. Manya nti omukka gw’amazi agookya ye steam ate enfuuma eva mu kufumuuka kw’omukka guno ye vapour).
Ebitundu by’ekitondekamaanyi ebisookerwako.
Entabiro y’ekitondekamaanyi y’enkinu (cylinder)s, enkunu (piston) mwe zebongera okuva wansi okudda waggulu munda mw’enkinu.
Walwo ebitondekamaanyi bya njawulo. Waliwo ekitondeka maanyi eky’enkinu emu one cylinder engine nga mu nyanguyiriza ezisaawa omuddo. Emotoka ezisinga zirina enkiinu ezisukka mu emu, ezimu enkulunnya, mukaaga, n’endala enkinu munaana.
Mu kitondekamaanyi eky’enkimu ennyingi (multi-cylinder engine) enkulu zisengekeddwa mu emuku ngeri esatu; lunyiriri (in a line) mu nkula eya – V, n’okugalamivu (horizontal).Bino by’ebitundu by’ekitondeka maanyi.
(i)	Ekikubansasi oba Ekikoleezo ky’ensasi (spark plug)
(ii)	Obwebunizo (valves)
Obweburizo obubuyimiriza n’okufulumya bweggala mu kaseera aketaagisa okuyingiriza empewo n’amafuta n’okufulumya omukka ogwa kazambi. Manya nti obwebarizo bwombi bweggala mu kinyigurrizo ky’empewo n’amafuta mu kikalwa eky’entabamuliro/ nattabulamuliro okusobola okulaba nga ekisenge ky’entabamuliiro kyonna kiggude.
(iii)	Enkunu (Piston)
Wali olabye ekinu ekiganda bwe kifaanana? Kiba nga mukebe omwetoloovu nga entobo ebbiri ezigendagana nnetoloovu. Enkula ey’ekinu n’olwekyo mu bufunze kifuuka enkinu, kino nga kilaga enkula ey’ekinu ng’ogitunuulidde okuva munda oba enkunu, enkula ey’ekinu ng’ojitunuulidde okuva ku ngulu kwayo.
Enkunu kintu ekyakula ng’ensamu ekozesebwa mu kukomaga naye nga yo ya kyuma. Enkunu yebonga ng’edda wansi ne waggulu munda mw’enkinu (inside the cylinder). Ekyebongolo nkalubo ya kyuma ey’enkumu (cylindrical method) eyeboonya ny’edda wansi ne waggula munda mw’enkinu (cylinder).
(iv)	Obukugiro by’enkunu  (piston rings)
Akakugiro k’enkunu (piston rings) kakola okusiba wakati w’ebisenge by’enkinu n’enkunu). Obukugiro (rings) bulina ebigendererwa bibiri.
a)	Okukugira oba okuziiyiza ekintabuli ky’amafuta n’empewo mu kisenge ky’entabamuliro (combustion chamber) obutawaguza kutonnya mu kiterekero kya woyiro (ekiteroyiro=sump) ng’ekikkatiro n’entabamuliro bigenda mumaaso.
b)	Okukuumira woyiro mu kiteroyiro (sump) obutatonnya mu kisenge ky’entabamuliro (combustion chamber) kuba woyiro awo aba ajja kwokyebwa afe ttayo. Emookoka ezisinga ezokya woyiro ziba n’ ebitodekamaanyi (egine) ebikaddiye era ng’obukugiro tebukyaziyiza bulungi woyiro butatonnya.
(v)	Akakono (connecting rod)
“Akakono” (connecting rod) kakwataganya enkunu (piston) ku kyebongolo (crankshaft), ekyebonga ne kikola omugendo ku namuziga eya mutebentusa (flywheel). Akakono ketoloolera ku nkomerero zombi okusobozesa epeto lyako okukyuka buli nkunu lw’etambula ate ekyebongolo ne kyetoloola.
Obuzimbe bwa atomu (the atomic structure)
Atomu ekolebwa bu obutoffaali obusirikitu busatu : Obusannyalazo oba obusannyalaza,obukontanyo era obuyitibwa kikontana oba konta  ne nampawengwa oba nampa. Atomu bbiri oba okusingawo zekwasawaza mu kiyitibwa ekikyusabuziba(ekikolwa ekikyusa obuziba bw'ekintu) ne zikola molekyu.
Ekitondekamaanyi (Engine)
(vi)	Ebyebongozo engeri gye bikolamu (How cam shafts work)
Obuzimbe bwa atomu (the atomic structure)
Molekyu (molecule) n’olwekyo ekolebwa wtomu (atoms) bbiri oba okusingawo. Molekyu bwe butoffaali obuddirira atomu mu butini, obukola buli kiramu n’ekitali kiramu. Ky’olina okumanya kwe kuba nti molekyu ekolebwa butoffaali obusingayo obutini obuyitibwa obuziba oba atomu.
Ekitondekamaanyi (Engine)
Omanyi nti waliwo obwebunizo (valves), obuyingiza ekintabuli ky’empewo n’amafuta n’okufulumya kazambi w’amafuta agoogokeddwa okuva mu kitondekamaanyi. Ekyebongozo kyeyambisa obukukunavu obuyitibwa “engozo” (cams) obwesindika ku bwebunizo okubuggula nga ekyebongozo bwe kyebonga (rotate up and down), seppulingi ku bwebunizo ze zizza obwebindu (engozo) mu mbeera yabwo ey’okubunira.
Obuzimbe bwa atomu (the atomic structure)
Molekyu nnyinji ddala. Mu butuufu mu mubiri gwo gwokka mulimu molekyu nnyinji okusinga emmunyeenye (enjuba) zonna z’oyinza okulengera mu bwengula.
Ekitondekamaanyi (Engine)
(vii)	Ekyebongolo (crankshaft)
Ekyebongolo kiva mu kikolwa kya kwebonga kwa nkunu ng’eva wansi n’edda waggulu mu nkinu era ekyebongolo kino kikyusa omugendo gw’enkinu ogwa wansi ne waggulu ne gufuuka omugendo ogwetoloola.
Obuzimbe bwa atomu (the atomic structure)
Buli molekyu erina ekikula eky’enjawulo ekigizobozesa okukwatagana ne molekyu endala okusobozesa ebiramu okweyisa nga ebiramu, ka tugambe nga bitambula, bisegeera (sense perception) zabyo, bizaala, n’okukola ebintu byonna ebisobozesa ebiramu okubaawo.
Atomu ezifaanagana bwe zekwasawaza mu kikyusabuziba zikola ekiyitibwa endagakintu ey'enkyusabuziba =emeera eraga ekintu okukyawula ku bintu ebirala (Element) .Endagakintu (element) ky’ekintu ekizimbiddwa mu kika kya atomu kimu kyokka. Eky’okulabilako, endagakintu eyitibwa ayidilogyeni (hydrogen) ekolebwa mu atomu ezirimu konta emu n’akasannyalazo  kamu.
Ekitondekamaanyi (Engine)
(viii)	Ekiteroyiro (Sump).
Obuzimbe bwa atomu (the atomic structure)
Mu endagakintu ey'enkyusabuziba endala mulimu ebika eby’enjawulo, omuli: okisigyeni, sirikoni, aluminiyaamu, ayoni, maginiziyaamu, kalusiyaamu, potasiyaamu, ne sodiyaamu kyokka zonna wamu zisukka mu kikumi.
Ekitondekamaanyi (Engine)
Waliwo ebitondekamaanyi bya ngeri nyingi omuli:
Obuzimbe bwa atomu (the atomic structure)
Konta ze zifuula endagakintu ey'enkyusabuziba  ki ky'eri so si busannyalazo. Eky’okulabilako, buli atomu ya kaboni ebaamu konta mukaaga (6), kyokka ziyinza okuba n'obusannyalazom bwa njawulo.Singa okozesa enzimbulukusa (Microscope) n’olaba atomu eziri mu kika ekimu ekya ayidilogyeni , wandirabye nti atomu ezisinga tezirina nampa , ezimu zirina nampa emu, n’entonotono nampa bbiri. Ebiti bya ayidilogyeni bino eby’enjawulo biyitibwa “vampa” (isotopes).
Ekitondekamaanyi (Engine)
b)	Ekitondekamaanyi eky’empewo eyokya.
Obuserengeto(Slopes)
Oluganda Olubaddewo lubadde lwogera ku "kaserengeto oba obuserengeto awatali kugenda wala mu kibalo kya kaserengeto. Kaakati nno, "akaserengeto"(Slope) ka tusooke tukasonjole nga ekintu "ekyewunzifu"(inclined) nga bwolaba olusozi oba akasozi.Mu essomampimo(geometry) obuserengeto bulimu ebika bino: (i)"Akaserengeto aka kiddamaaso" (positive slope). Kano kalagibwa nga kabuka okuva wansi okudda waggulu okuva ku kkono  okudda ku ddyo.
Ekitondekamaanyi (Engine)
c)	Ekitodenkamaanyi ekyasisa ensasi (spark ignition engine).
Obuserengeto(Slopes)
(ii)"Akaserengeto aka kiddannyuma"(negative slope).Kono kalgibwa nga kakka wansi okuva ku kkono okudda ku ddyo.
Ekitondekamaanyi (Engine)
d)	Empujjo ez’omukka ogwokya (steam turbine).
Obuserengeto(Slopes)
(iii)Akaserengezzi(Zero slop) .Guno guba museetwe, ekitegeeza nti tewali bwewunzifu bwonna.
Ekitondekamaanyi (Engine)
e)	Ekitondekamaanyi ekikokeezebwa ekinyigirizo (compression ignition engine).
Obuserengeto(Slopes)
(iv)Akaserengeto akatalina nsonjola(Undefined slope).Kano kaserengeto akesimbye jjaali nga kali kapendikyula okuyita mu ekisiisi eya x(y-axis).
Ekitondekamaanyi (Engine)
g)	 Ekitodenkamaanyi eky’ekizungirizi (rocket engine
h)	Ekitondekamaanyi eky’omukka (steam engine).
Obuzimbe bwa atomu (the atomic structure)
Vampa zonna ez'endagakintu ez'enkyusabuziba emu zirina namba ya konta y'emu (same atomic number) kyokka zisobola okuba n’omuwendo  gwa nampa  ogw’enjawulo. Bw’okyusa omuwendo gwa konta eziri mu atomu emu ,oba okyusizza ekika kya endagakintu ey'enkyusabuziba eno. Ate bw’okyusa omuwendo gwa nampa atomu gw’erina okola vampa ey'endagakintu eyo.
Mu essomabuziba (chemistry), waliwo enjawulo wakati w; ekintabuli n’ekipooli .Ekitambuli (mixture) kye ekintu ekiva mu kutabula ebintu eby’enjawulo bibiri oba okusingawo awatali  nkwaso ya nkyusabuziba(chemical  bonding). Ekintabuli ebiseera ebisinga kisobola okwawulwamu buli kintu  ekiba kikozesebbwa mu kutabula ne kijjibwamu nga bwe kyabadde. Ekyokulabilako ekintabuli ky’amazzi n’omunnyo.
Kasooli yara 42
Mu by'obulimi, ebipya bizuulwa buli lunaku. Ku luno, abakugu batuleetedde ekika kya kasooli ekipya kye bayita YARA 42. Aba kkamuni ya Victoria Seeds Limited be bakireese mu katale ka Uganda. Bwosimba ekika kino, mu kwota ya yiika, osobola okukungula kilo lunaana be ddu! Kino kitegeza nti ebbeeyi bweba nga nnungi, tugambe nga kilo egula shilingi lukumi, omulimi aba afuna emitwalo kinaana!!! Ono kasooli muyitirivu! Wabula okumulima, otekeddwa okusimba mu mabanga amatuufu ate nga buli kinnya mulimu ekigimusa.
Obuzimbe bwa atomu (the atomic structure)
Mu essomabuziba(Chemistry), ekipooli(compound)    ky’ekyo  ky’ofuna nga atomu ez'endagakintu ez’enjawulo  zekwasaganyizza okuyita mu kikyusabuziba.Wano wabeerawo enkwaaso ya kemiko(chemical bonding).
Buli kipooli molekyu naye si buli molekyu nti kipooli. N’amazzi nago molekyu kubanga gakolebwa okuva mu watomu ezikwatanganyiziddwa n’enkwanso za nkyusabuziba. Ate era amazzi kipooli kubanga atomu ezikola amazzi zonna si zeezimu, ezimu atomu za okisigeni ate endala za ayidilogyeni.
Okisigyeni mu nampewo molekyu kubanga ava mu atomu bbiri eza okisigyeni. Okisigyeni mu nampewo si kipooli kubanga akolebwa okuva mu atomu eza erementi y’emu, erement ya okisigyeni. Eno eyitibwa "molekyu ya atomubbiri" (diatomic molecule) kubanga molekyu eno eva mu atomu bbiri ezekika ekimu.
Omugeranyakikumi(Percentage)
"Emigeranyakikumi" kiggwayo "Emigerageranyo gy’Ekikumi" (%) (Ratios of a hundred. Percentages)
"omugeranyakikumi" era oyinza okukiwandiika  "omugeranya100".
Emigerageranyakikumi (Percentages) kitera kweyambisibwa okulaga emiwendo wakati wa  0 ne 1 kyokka kisoboka okulaga omugerageranyo gwonna ng’ekitundu ku kikumi, eky’okulabirako, 232%, kiba 2.32 ate 46% kiba 0.46.
Omugeranyakikumi (%) oba omugeranya100 kiggwayo Omugerageranyo gw'ekikumi (Ratio of 100).
Obuserengeto(Slopes)
Emiramwa emirala egyetaagisa mu kibalangulo ky'obusozi  girimu:
Omugeranyakikumi(Percentage)
Mu kibalangulo, omugeranyakikumi kisonjolwa nga namba oba omugerageranyo (ratio) ogulagibwa nga “omukutule”= emwenkutule =“emu-enkutulemu” (fraction) erina “kinnawansi” (denominator) eya 100. Omugerageranyo gw’ekikumi oba omugeranyakikumi guragibwa n’akabonero “%". Eky’okulabirako, 25 % (kisomwa ebitundu abiri mu bitaano ku kikumi) kyenkana 25/100 oba 0.25.
Obuserengeto(Slopes)
(a) "Obuseregefu"(steepness)
Omugeranyakikumi(Percentage)
Omugeranyakikumi n’olwekyo guba mugerageranyo gwa kikumi (ratio of a hundred). Guno guba mugerageranyo nga ekinnawansi kya 100
Tusobola okulaga emikutule  gino nga emigeranyakikumi (percentages or ratios of 100) nga tukozesa akabonero % :
Obuserengeto(Slopes)
(b)"Obwewunzifu"(Inclination)
Omugeranyakikumi(Percentage)
(ii)	25/100 = 25% kisomwa ebitundu abiri mu bitaano ku kikumi
Obuserengeto(Slopes)
(c) "Obusoziwavu"(Steepness of mountain or a hill). Buno buba bwewunzifu oba obuseregefu bw'olusozi oba akasozi
Omugeranyakikumi(Percentage)
(iii)	50/100=50%   kisomwa ebitundu ataano ku kikumi
(iv)	75/100=75% kisomwa ebitundu nsanvu mu bitaano ku kikumi
(v)	99/100 = 99% kisomwa ebitundu kyenda mu mwenda ku kikumi
Ensonjola: Omukumi guba mugerageranyo (ratio) nga ekinnawansi (denominator) kiri 100. Kino kiba kitegeeza ebitundu ku buli kikumi. Mu kibalangulo tukozesa akabonero % okulaga omugerageranyo ku bula kikumi.
Obuserengeto(Slopes)
Bivudde eri Muwanga Charles
Empeekera
EBIKA BY'EMPEEKERA: EMPEEKERA Y'ERINNYA; Bino byebigambo ebisukka mu kimu nga bisengekeddwa era nga bigendera wamu naye nga biyimiriddewo mu kifo ky'erinnya. N'olwekyo empekera esobola bulungi okukola emirimu gya mannya esatu egimanyiddwa mu sentensi. Kwekugambba; i) Ekitundu ekikozi ii) ekitundu ekikolebwako. iii)Ekitundu ekiganyulwa mu kikolwa. okegeza; omukulu w'essomero yayise abayizi.
Omugeranyakikumi(Percentage)
Ka tukozese taabulo eno okugerageranya omugerageranyo, omukutule, n’emigeranyakikumi /
Ebitundu	Omukutule	Omugerageranyo bya 100.
10 ku 100	10/100	                10% 25 ku 100	25/100	                25% 50 ku 100	50/100	                50% 75 ku 100	75/100	                75% 99 ku 100	99/100	                99%
Ate era buli mugeranyakimumi (%) oyinza okuguwandiika nga “omutonnyeze”(Decimal number):
(a)	10% = 0.01
(b)	25%= 0.25
(c)	50% = 0.50
(d)	75% = 0.75
Kitunzi
Kitunzi
Kitunzi y'afuga Essaza Ggomba era gwe mutuba gw'Obwakabaka bwe Buganda I Omukulu'
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Ebyobugagga obw'ensibo (Natural Resources)
IALI NGO has been authorized by terminologist Charles Muwanga to post to Luganda Wikipedia articles from his Luganda scientific translations for free public consumption.
"Ebyobugagga obw’ensibo"
Eboobugagga obw’ensibo (Natural resources) bwebwo obusangibwa mu butonde mu mbeera etakulusanyizibwa muntu, ekitegeeza nti busigadde bukyali  mu mbeera yabwo ey’obutonde.
Ekyobugagga obw’ensibo (natural resource) kiba kisangibwa mu mbeera ey’obulamu obw’enjawulo (biodiversity) n’obuzimbe bw’ensi obw’enjawulo (geodiversity) mu nsengekera z’etababutonde (ecosystems) ez’enjawulo.Mu by’obugagga obw’ensibo mulimu:
•	 Empewo, embuyaga, ne nampewo.
•	Ensolo
•	Ebyanda(Coal), Amafuta ga nakavundila(fossil fuels), enjazi, ne minero.
•	Ebibira
Omugeranya100 (%, Percentage, ratio of a hundred))
IALI NGO has been authorized by terminologist Charles Muwanga to post this article from his Luganda scientific terminology works on Luganda Wikipedia for free public consumption.
Ebyobugagga obw'ensibo (Natural Resources)
•	Ettale, ebisaalu n’entobazi
Omugeranya100 (%, Percentage, ratio of a hundred))
"Emigeranya100" kitegeeza "Emigerageranyo gy’Ekikumi" (%) (Ratios of a hundred. Percentages)
Ebyobugagga obw'ensibo (Natural Resources)
•	Ettaka
Amatabi g'enambuluzo (Factor Trees)
Amatabi g'ennambuluzo (Factor trees)okusinziira ku Charles Muwanga.
Ebyobugagga obw'ensibo (Natural Resources)
•	Amazzi, ennyanja, emigga, semayanja, n’amazzi g’omutaka wansi.
Omugeranya100 (%, Percentage, ratio of a hundred))
"omugeranyakikumi" era oyinza okukiwandiika  "omugeranya100".
Ebyobugagga obw'ensibo (Natural Resources)
•	Amaanyi g’enjuba
Amatabi g'enambuluzo (Factor Trees)
Mu matabi ago waggulu olaba ennyingo (nodes) ez’enjawulo okutandika n’ennyingo 16 ey’ensibuko. Ennyingo ey’ensibuko egabizibwamu 2 n’evaamu ennyingo eza wansi bbiri, 8 ne 2. Wano ennyingo 2 terina kyana wabula ennyingo 8 yo ezaala.
Omugeranya100 (%, Percentage, ratio of a hundred))
Emigeranya100 (Percentages) kitera kweyambisibwa okulaga emiwendo wakati wa  0 ne 1 kyokka kisoboka okulaga omugerageranyo gwonna ng’ekitundu ku kikumi, eky’okulabirako, 232%, kiba 2.32 ate 46% kiba 0.46.
Omuntu
Abantu (Humans).
Ebyobugagga obw'ensibo (Natural Resources)
Ebyobugagga obw’ensibo bijjibwa mu mbeera ya butonde (environment) era bingi ku bbyo byetaagisa okusobozesa omuntu okubaawo so ng’ate ebirala byetaagisa okukkusa ebyetaago byaffe. Eby’obugagga eby’ensibo biri mu biti bya njawulo. Waliwo ebyawulibwa okusinziira ku:
Omugeranya100 (%, Percentage, ratio of a hundred))
Omugeranya100 (%) kiggwayo Omugerageranyo gw'ekikumi (Ratio of 100).
Omuntu
Omuntu oba abantu "ensolo kalimagezi"(Intelligent animal). Mu takisonoma y’ebiramu, omuntu ali mu:
Ebyobugagga obw'ensibo (Natural Resources)
(i) Nsibuko yabyo. Wano twawula:
Omugeranya100 (%, Percentage, ratio of a hundred))
Mu kibalangulo, omugeranyakikumi kisonjolwa nga namba oba omugerageranyo (ratio) ogulagibwa nga “omukutule”= emwenkutule =“emu-enkutulemu” (fraction) erina “kinnawansi” (denominator) eya 100. Omugerageranyo gw’ekikumi oba omugeranyakikumi guragibwa n’akabonero “%". Eky’okulabirako, 25 % (kisomwa ebitundu abiri mu bitaano ku kikumi) kyenkana 25/100 oba 0.25.
Omuntu
(i) bwakabaka bwa wansolo,
Ebyobugagga obw'ensibo (Natural Resources)
(a)	Ensibuko ey’ebiramu (Biotic) – Eby’ensibuko ey’ebilamu bijjibwa mu sifiiya ya bilamu (biosphere) ng’ebibila n’ebilamu ebibeerawo ku bibila bino nga ensolo, ebinyonyi, ebyennyanja n’ensolo endala ez’omumazzi. Amafuta aga minelo (Mineral fuels) nga nakanda (coal) ne petulooliya (petroleum) nabyo bili mu kiti kino kubanga biva mu nakavundila wa bilamu.
Omugeranya100 (%, Percentage, ratio of a hundred))
Tusobola okulaga emikutule  gino nga emigeranya100 (percentages or ratios of 100) nga tukozesa akabonero % :
Omuntu
(ii)Ettabi lya luyansa (mammal),
Amatabi g'enambuluzo (Factor Trees)
N’olwekyo, ekitondeko ky’ennyingo etalina kyana kye kikuwa nambuluzo za 16 nga  2x2x2x2
Omuntu
(iii)Omutendela gwa bamuntunsolo (primates),
Amatabi g'enambuluzo (Factor Trees)
Ansa entuufu eri : 2x2x2x2
Bwenyibungi=Feesinnyingi(Polyhedron)
Gakuweebwa Charles Muwanga !! Obwenyi(face) era kiba feesi. Mu sessomo ly'ekibalangulo( mu Okubala)tuzimba emiramwa mu byempimo oba essomampimo (geometry)nga tweyambisa obugambo "bwenyi" oba "feesi" ne tuzimba emiramwa:
(a) Feesinnyingi(Polyhedron)
Omuntu
(iv)Olubu lw’omuntu “(genus homo),
Bwenyibungi=Feesinnyingi(Polyhedron)
Bwenyibungi nkula za mpimo satu(three dimensional shapes) ezirina safeesi ez'enjawulo ez'omuseetwe nga buli safeesi oba feesi "mpuyinnyingi"(polygon).Weetegereze:
Omuntu
(v)Ekikula (sipiisa) kya “Omuntu kalimagezi” (homo sapiens), the intelligent man.
Omugeranya100 (%, Percentage, ratio of a hundred))
(i)	10/100 = 10% kisomwa ebitundu kumi ku kikumi
Omuntu
Omuntu nsolo magulu abiri (bipedal animal ), ekitegeeza nti atambulila ku magulu abiri. Alina obwongo obukulaakulanye okumusobozesa okukozesa olulimi okwogera, okutondeka ebirowoozo, n’okufuga embeela ze ez’obuntu ( controling emotions).
Ebyobugagga obw'ensibo (Natural Resources)
(b)	Ensibuko ey’ebitabangako biramu (Abiotic )– Eby’obugagga obw’ensibo ebitali biramu(Abiotic) mulimu ebintu byonna  ebitabangako biramu ng’ettaka, amazzi, empewo,  ne minero ng’ebyazuuma(ores) omuli zaabu, kkalwe, kkopa, siriva, n’ebirala. (ii) Wa we bituuse mu nkulaakulana (stage of development).Wano twawula:
Omuntu
Mu mutendela gw’ensolo oguyitibwa “bamuntunsolo” (primatees”) omuntu naye mw’ali era mwe  musangibwa amazike agali okumpi ennyo n’omuntu. Omuntu okufaanana ne bamuntunsolo abalala, nsolo ntabaganyi. Bamuntunsolo bonna babeela mu bibinja, okuyambagana n’okwewa obukuumi, n’okulabirira ebito byabwe kyokka omuntu okuba omutabaganyi ne muntu munne kye kimufuuka omuntu ensolo y’ebyenfuna, ensolo y’ebyobufuzi ate era ensolo entabaganyi.
Ebyobugagga obw'ensibo (Natural Resources)
b)	Ebyobuliwo (Actual Resources) – Bino by’ebyobugagga obw’ensibo ebimaze okwekebejjebwa n’okwekenneenyezebwa ne bikakasibwa era obungi bwabyo n’omutindo ne bikakasibwa era nga biri mukukozesebwa. Enkulaakulanya y’ekyobugagga eky’ensibo ekyobuliwo   efugibwa mutindo gwa tekinologia oguba guliwo n’ebisale ebyetaagisa.
c)	Eky’obugagga ebitereke (Reserve Resources) – Kino kiba kitundu ku ky’obugagga ekyobuliwo (actual resource) ekiyinza okukulaakulanyizibwa okuvaamu amagoba mu maaso.
Omugeranya100 (%, Percentage, ratio of a hundred))
(iii)	50/100=50%   kisomwa ebitundu ataano ku kikumi
Ebyobugagga obw'ensibo (Natural Resources)
d)	Eby’obugagga ebizibuwavu (Stock Resources) – Bino biba byabugagga obw’ensibo ebimaze okwekejjebwa naye nga tebisobola kukozesebwa olw’obutaba na tekinologia.
Omugeranya100 (%, Percentage, ratio of a hundred))
(iv)	75/100=75% kisomwa ebitundu nsanvu mu bitaano ku kikumi
Ebyobugagga obw'ensibo (Natural Resources)
(iii) Ebisoboka okuzzibwawo (renewability). Muno mulimu:
Bwenyibungi=Feesinnyingi(Polyhedron)
(ii)Mpuyinnyingi(Polygon)
Ebyobugagga obw'ensibo (Natural Resources)
(a) Ebizzibwawo (Renewable resources).
Bino by'ebyobugagga obw’ensibo ebisobola okuzzibwaawo, kino ne kiyamba okubisobozesa okugenda mu maaso nga bifulumizibwa. (Replenished) oba okufulumizibwa obuto (okutondekebwa obuto) mu bwangu. Obumu ku buno ng’omusana, empewo, embuyaga, n’ebirala byo bigenda mu maaso okubaawo era obungi bwabyo tebukosebwa kkukozesebwa muntu Kyokka eby’obugagga obw’ensibo bingi biyinza okumalibwawo (depleted) omuntu kyokka nga biyinza okuzzibwaawo. Ebimu ku bino ng’ebilime byanguwa okuzzibwaawo kyokka ebilala ng’amazzi bilwaawo ate ebirala ng’ebibira ne bilwiirawo ddala..
Omugeranya100 (%, Percentage, ratio of a hundred))
(v)	99/100 = 99% kisomwa ebitundu kyenda mu mwenda ku kikumi
Bwenyibungi=Feesinnyingi(Polyhedron)
Mu Bwenyibungi oba Feesinnyingi mulimu:
(a)Enkalubo za Polato(Platonic solids)
(b)Ekigulumiro
(c) Akagulumiro=Pyramid)
Omugeranya100 (%, Percentage, ratio of a hundred))
Ensonjola: Mu mugeranya100 (%) ekinnawansi (denominator) kiba  100. Kino kiba kitegeeza ebitundu ku buli kikumi. Mu kibalangulo tukozesa akabonero % okulaga omugerageranyo ku bula kikumi.
Bwenyibungi=Feesinnyingi(Polyhedron)
(d)Feesinnya(tetrahedron)
(e)Feesimunaana(Octahedron)
Omugeranya100 (%, Percentage, ratio of a hundred))
Ka tukozese taabulo eno okugerageranya omugerageranyo, omukutule, n’emigeranya100
Bwenyibungi=Feesinnyingi(Polyhedron)
(f)Feesikuminabbiri(Dedocahedron)
Omugeranya100 (%, Percentage, ratio of a hundred))
10 ku 100	10/100	                10% 25 ku 100	25/100	                25% 50 ku 100	50/100	                50% 75 ku 100	75/100	                75% 99 ku 100	99/100	                99%
Bwenyibungi=Feesinnyingi(Polyhedron)
(h)Feesabiri(Icosahedron)
Ebyobugagga obw'ensibo (Natural Resources)
(b)Ebitazzibwawo (Non-renewable resources ).
Bwenyibungi=Feesinnyingi(Polyhedron)
(i)feesabirimumukaaga(Great Rhombicuboctahedron