색계_마음
위의 세 유형 각각의 5가지는 모두 초선제2선제3선제4선의 4선 또는 4선정의 체계가 아닌 초선제2선제3선제4선제5선의 5선 또는 5선정의 체계를 따른 것이다. Mehm Tin Mon (2015). 《The Essence of Buddha Abhidhamma》. Third edition. Mehm Tay Zar Mon, Mya Mon Yadanar Literature. pp.283~284. THREE STAGES OF TRANQUILLITY MEDITATION 고요명상의 3단계 Bhāvanā 명상/수행 (meditation 명상) may be divided into three classes in accordance with the degree of concentration 삼매, 집중 or mental culture 정신적 수행, 훈련, 개발 they can give rise to. 1 Parikamma-bhāvanā 빠리깜마 바와나 — the preparatory stage of meditation 준비단계의 명상/수행 The meditation-objects such as kasiṇas 까시나 are called parikammanimitta 빠리깜마 니밋따, meaning, preparatory image 준비단계의 표상. By observing an earth disk 흙 원반, one may meditate: “Pathavī 빠타위, 흙, pathavī” repeatedly either by murmuring it slowly or by just noting it in the mind. This early stage of meditation, that can develop ‘parikamma-samādhi 빠리깜마 사마디, 준비단계의 삼매/집중’, is called, parikammabhāvanā 빠리깜마 바와나, 준비단계의 명상/수행. It paves the way for the arising of higher-bhāvanās 명상/수행의 상위 단계(즉, 근접삼매와 본삼매, 근접집중과 본집중) later on. When the meditator sees the earth-disk 흙 원반 with closed eyes as he has seen it with open eyes, the sign is called the acquired sign 익힌 표상, 획득한 표상 or <b>learning sign 배운 표상</b> (uggaha nimitta 욱가하 니밋따). He focuses his attention on this acquired sign 익힌 표상 and meditates on ‘pathavī 빠띠위, 흙, pathavī’ until a clear bright sign called the ‘counter sign 닮은 표상, 버금가는 표상’ (paṭibhāga nimitta 빠띠바가 니밋따) appears. The meditation up to the stage just before the counter sign 닮은 표상 appears is called the preparatory stage of meditation 준비단계의 명상/수행. ‘Parikamma-samādhi 빠리깜마 사마디, 준비단계의 삼매/집중’ is preparatory concentration 준비 수준의 삼매/집중 which is the initial and still undeveloped concentration of mind. All stages of concentration starting from this initial stage up to the stage just below the neighbourhood-concentration 근접삼매 is termed ‘parikamma-samādhi 빠리깜마 사마디, 준비단계의 삼매/집중.’ 2 Upacāra-bhāvanā — the neighbourhood stage of meditation 근접단계의 명상/수행 ‘Upacāra 우빠짜라’ means ‘neighbourhood 근접’ or ‘moment of access 접근의 순간’. ‘Upacāra-bhāvanā 우빠짜라 바와나, 근접단계의 수행/명상’ is that meditation which has come to the neighbourhood 근처, 부근, 근방 of jhāna 자와, 선정, magga 막가, 도 or phala 팔라, 과. It may also be regarded as the meditation which is about to enter the absorption-stage of meditation 몰입단계의 명상/수행 called appanā-bhāvanā 압빠나 바와나. It is the stage of meditation when the counter sign 닮은 표상 appears. Parikamma-bhāvanā 빠리깜마 바와나, 준비단계의 수행/명상 itself is developed into the upacāra-bhāvanā 우빠짜라 바와나, 근접단계의 수행/명상. The object 대상 of upacāra-bhāvanā 우빠짜라 바와나, 근접단계의 수행/명상 is the counter sign 닮은 표상, 버금가는 표상. The concentration associated with upacāra-bhāvanā 우빠짜라 바와나, 근접단계의 명상/수행 is called ‘upacāra-samādhi 우빠짜라 사마디’ which is translated as ‘neighbourhood-concentration 근접삼매 or access-concentration 접근삼매, 본삼매에 가까이 접근한 삼매’. It represents the degree of concentration just before entering the absorption 몰입 (jhāna 자나, 선정). 3 Appanā-bhāvanā 압빠나 바와나 — the absorption stage of meditation 몰입단계의 명상/수행 The meditation, which has developed to jhāna 자나, 선정, magga 막가, 도 or phala 팔라, 과, is called ‘appanā-bhāvanā 압빠나 바와나’. The jhāna 자나, 선정, magga 막가, 도 or phala 팔라, 과 remains absorbed or fixed in their respective objects 대상. The object 대상 of jhāna 자나, 선정 is ‘paṭibhāga nimitta 빠띠바가 니밋따, 닮은 표상’ whereas the object 대상 of magga 막가, 도 or phala 팔라, 도 is Nibbāna 닙바나, 열반. The concentration 삼매, 집중 associated with the appanā-bhāvanā 압빠나 바와나, 몰입단계의 명상/수행 is called the ‘appanā-samādhi 압빠나 사마디, 몰입삼매’.