오위백법
(14) 욕(欲)
"欲", DDB.《Digital Dictionary of Buddhism》. Edited by A. Charles Muller. 2022년 8월 10일에 확인: 欲 Basic Meaning: desire Senses: Craving (Skt. tṛṣṇā, raga, kāma). Lust, passion. Covetous. [Charles Muller; source(s): Nakamura,Iwanami] Intention, longing, wish. To long for, to wish; seek, desire, want, aspire to. Modal auxiliary verb: volitional verb, it expresses an intention, or the desire to accomplish an action, or a wish (Peyraube 2001) 'wish, need, want'. In this function already frequent in Classical Chinese and still in later texts. In Buddhist Chinese: Occasionally as a marker of the future 'will'. Only with predicates which express non-desirable events and with [-human] subjects. Sometimes combined with the aspecto-temporal adverb jiāng 將, marking future: jiāng yù 將欲 (Skt. abhipraya; *ā-kāṅkṣ; *iṣ; Tib. 'dun pa, bsam pa; Tib. 'dod pa, 'tshal ba). [Barbara Meisterernst; source(s): Stephen Hodge] In the Abhidharmakośa-bhāṣya, one the mental functions: to hope desire, long for; the desire for those objects one takes pleasure in (Skt. āśaya). [Charles Muller] According to the Yogâcāra school, the function of the mind that hopes to receive the objects that it likes. One of the five 'object-dependent' mental factors 五別境 (Skt. chanda). [Charles Muller] The desire realm. [Charles Muller] The sexual lust between man and woman. [Charles Muller] In specialized Vinaya discourse, it is chanda, meaning 'consent,' or 'agreement.' (T 1425.22.475a20). In particular it is used in the context of the legal transaction meetings of the saṃgha, where it refers to the consent of bhikṣus or bhikṣuṇīs who cannot come to the meeting due to illness or other pressing reasons although staying within the same monastic boundary (sīmā). The bhikṣu or bhikṣuṇī who can't come has to declare his consent to the legal transaction to another bhikṣu or bhikṣuṇī who then announces the absenteeʼs consent at the actual meeting. It is often used together with purity 淸淨 (pariśuddhi) as 'consent and purity' 欲淸淨 (chanda pariśuddhi). [Nyanatusita; source(s): T1425] The Chinese word means to breathe after, aspire to, desire, and is also used as 慾 for lust, passion; it is inter alia interpreted as 染愛塵 tainted with the dust (or dirt) of love, or lust. The three desires are for beauty, demeanor, and softness; the five are those of the five physical senses. [Charles Muller; source(s): Soothill] (Skt. kāma, rāga, icchā, adhimukti, adhimuktika, anunaya, abhipreta, abhilāṣa, abhilāṣa-kṛt, abhilāṣin, abhisaṃdhi, abhīpsita, abhyudyata, abhyupeta, artha, artham, arthāya, arthika, arthe, ākāṅkṣam, ātura, āsthā, icchatā, icchu, iṣṭa, īpsita, eṣin, autsukya, kalpa, kāṅkṣa, kāma-guṇa, kāma-cchanda, kāmatā, kāma-dhātu, kāma-dhātu-ja, kāma-yoga, kāma-rāga, kāma-viṣaya, kāmâpta, kāmâvacara, kāmin, kāminī, kāmyā, cintita, niścikīrṣā, parīṣ, pratipannaka, pratyupasthita, pravṛtta, prarthanā, prekṣā, prekṣin, bhūyas-kāmatā, manaḥ-spṛhā, mano-ratha, maithuna, yiyāsā, rati, rāga-vaśa, rāgin, riraṃsā, ruci, rocayati, lubdha, śraddhā, saṅga, spṛhā; Tib. 'dun pa) [Charles Muller; source(s): Hirakawa, YBh-Ind] Also see 欲法. Reference: Peyraube, Alain. 2001. “On the Modal Auxiliaries of Volition in Classical Chinese.” In Chappell, Hilary, ed. Sinitic grammar: Synchronic and Diachronic perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [Charles Muller]