cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
1912
Pɩnaɣ 1912 kɛ pɩnaɣ 1912 ñɩŋga kɛ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ yɔ. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ taa lɛ, pɩnaɣ 1912 kɛŋna hiu nɛ naalɛ ñɩŋga. Kɛwɛ pɩnzɩ 1911 nɛ 1913 hɛkʋ taa. =1912 taa lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ = Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ sɩnɛ yɔ sɩlaba :
Samarɩyɔm
Samarɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 62 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Sm. Ɛ-tɛ nɛ kɛtɛɖaɣ tɛtʊ naa taa. Samarɩyɔm tomnaɣ yem kɛ ñɩɣlɩm pɩyʊ. Mʊntʊsʊʊ weluu panana samarɩyɔm pɩnaɣ 1853 pɩtɩŋna Suwiisi ɛjaɖɛ tʊ Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac.
Palɩza-ɩ eyeke (ɛzɩ ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ tɛ lɩm naa naalɛ) Paarii tɛtʊ taa pɩtɩŋna Fransɩɩ kpɛlɩ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ Paul Emile Lecoq Boisbaudran tʊ pɩtɩŋna samaskite yɔɔ, pɩkɛ ñɩɣlɩm pɩyʊ ɛ-tɛ kpɛlɩ matʊ kɔyɔ (Y,Ce,U,Fe)3(Nb,Ta,Ti)5O16. Pɩnaɣ 1901 Fransɩɩ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ Eugène Anatole Demarçay pɩza ɛtɛyɩ ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ waa pa naalɛ nɛ ɛlɩɩ erɔpɩyɔm yɔɔ. Hɩɖɛ samarɩyɔm lɩna samarskite hɩɖɛ cɔlɔ, sɔdʊʊ Samarsky lɩna ɛ yɔɔ Oural ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ ɖɩjɛsɩyɛ taa. Samarɩyɔm ñɩɣlɩm tɛ ŋgʊ fɛyɩna ɖoŋ nɩɩyɛ wezuu kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ ɖeɖe ɛyʊ tomnaɣ taa. Ɛlɛ samarɩyɔm pʊtʊnaa kɛ seɣtiyaa tomnaɣ yɔkʊʊ nɛ maʊʊ taa, ɛlɛ ɖɩnɩɩ se pɩtɛ wɛtʊ ndʊ tɩtalɩna ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛ-cɔlɔ ɛlɛ pʊtʊnaa lalaa mba ɛ nɛ-wɛ pɛkɛ lantanɩdɩ waa pɔ cɔlɔ. Samarɩyɔm tɛ ɖɔʊ kpeekpe ɛyʊ sɔsɔ tomnaɣ kɛ 50 μg kɛlɛ ɛyʊ hɔyɛ taa nɛ kɩyaɖɛ taa ɛkɩlɩ wɛʊ nɛ calɩm taa lɛ ɛ-tɛ ɖɔʊ makɩɣna 8 µg lɩta kʊyʊmʊʊ yɔɔ.
Kpaɣ ɖooo calɩm taa samarɩyɔm mɩnʊʊ yɔɔ lɛ 45 yeke wokina hɔyɛ taa kɛlɛ 45% ñacakɩ mɔɔ yɔɔ, peeɖe ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛwɛɛ pɩtalɩ pɩnzɩ ɛzɩ hiu mbʊ yɔ, piyele pɩzaɣa 10% ŋgʊ yɔ papa lɩɣ kpaagbaa. Pʊtʊ ɛnɛyɔ ɛɛlakɩ tɩŋ tʊmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ piŋ nɛ mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɛfɛyɩ ɛyʊ tɔɔnaɣ taa. Ɛɛyɔɔlʊʊ lɩm mbʊ lɛ ɛfɛyɩ sɔtʊ ɖɔɖɔ.
Youssou N'Dour
Youssou Madjiguène N'Dour kɛna Senegalɩ ɛjaɖɛ hendu teyu sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ, ɛkɛ hendu luɖu, tɩ-mayʊ, keesi maɖʊ, maŋzʊmalɩ yaa politki tʊma laɖʊ nɛ ɛpɩzʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɛkpaɣ nɔɔyʊ hendu nɛ ɛtasɩ-tʊ ñɔɔzʊ nɛ ete. Palʊla-ɩ Taakarɩ tɛtʊ taa, Senegalɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ kacalaɣ ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1959.
Youssou Madjiguène N'Dour kɛ payaɣ se mbalax wiyao nɛ ajɛya kpeekpe sɩma-ɩ nɛ e-hendu teu taa. Kpaɣ pɩknaɣ 2003 kɛ ɛpɩsa Senegalɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa aseɣde tɔm heeya nabayɩ takasɩ mayaa nɔɔyɔɔ-tʊ. Komina taa, ɛlaba tʊma ndɩ ndɩ: kpaɣ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naanza wiye pɩnaɣ 2012 lɛ ɛkɛ minisri weyi ɛcɔŋna ɛsakuliye nɛ ɛsɩyɛ egbena, kpaɣ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 29 pɩnaɣ 2012 pɩsɩɩna salaŋ fenaɣ 2013 ɖɔɖɔ, ɛkɛna minisri weyi ɛcɔŋna ɛsɩyɛ egbena nɛ ɛsɩnda wobu yɔ, pʊwayɩ lɛ ɛkɛna Senegalɩ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Macky Sall yɔ, ɛ-tɛ lɔŋ tasiyɩʊ.
Youssou N'Dour kɛŋna kacalaɣ pɩɣa nɛ palʊla-ɩ Medina egeetiye taa kɛ Takarɩ tɛtʊ taa. Ɛ-caa kɛ payaɣ se Eliman N'Dour nɛ ɛlɛ kɛ Serɛre-tʊ piyele e-ɖoo yɔ, ɛlɛ ñɛkɛna wolof-tʊ. E-ɖoo kɛ keesi maɖʊ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ nɛ payaɣ--ɩ se Ndeye Sokhna Mboup. Ɛkɛna malʊʊ nɛ ɛwɛ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se muridi yɔ ɖɩ-taa. Ɛɛwɛna pɩya naalɛ nɛ halaa ndɩ ndɩ halɩ pɩɣa nɛ abɩlɩ pɩɣa, Birane nɛ Thioro. Pʊwayɩ kɛ ɛkpaɣ Mami Camara nɛ ɛna-ɩ pɛwɛɛna pɩya naanza pɩnzɩ 17 taa. Pɩnzɩ 17 sɩwayɩ kɛ Youssou Madjiguène N'Dour nɛ ɛ-halʊ Mami Camara paya-ɖama. Pɩla mbʊ lɛ, ɛkpaɣ halʊ naaza-tʊ nɛ payaɣ ɛlɛ Aïda Coulibaly. Aïda ɛnɛ ɛñɩma ɛ-ñɩnʊ lɛlʊ kɛna Senegalɩ-tʊ nɛ lɛlʊ Fransɩ-tʊ. Aïda Coulibaly nɛ Youssou N'Dour palʊla piya naanza ɖɔɖɔ nɛ tɩnɩʊ ñʊʊtaa ñɩnʊ payaɣ se Nelson Mandela.
Tɛtʊ tɛɛ mamacɩɣɖɛ
Tɛtʊ tɛɛ mamacɩɣɖɛ yaa mala wɛ ɖoŋ ɛzɩ kaaŋ yɔ nɛ tɩŋ nɛ lɩm taa wondu ndɩ ndɩ pʊkɩna pɩpɩsʊ tɛtɛɛ mala anɛ. Pɩkɛna tatasɩ nzɩ sɩbʊwaa nɛ sɩɖeu miŋ yɔ. Tadasɩ nzɩ yaa kɩkazɩm mbʊ pɩwɛʊ lɩm tɛɛ kɛnɛ nɛ pɩhaɣ miŋɖeu. Aka piiya pindimm, naayɛ wɛ wɛ muzulee tɩyɛ. Pitaayidi nɔɔyʊ nɛ ɛmaɣzɩ se pɔyɔɔdʊ mamacɩɣɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɛ kʊdɔŋ nɛ kɩkpaɣ kpɩna nɛ tɔɔnasɩ yaa laŋ yɔ. Pɩtɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ mamacɩɣla wena petiŋ tɩŋ nɛ pɔsɔʊ nɛ pakpakʊ patɩzʊna yɔ. Mamacɩɣla wena a-tɔm pɔyɔɔdɩɣ cɩnɛ yɔ, pɩkɛna wena ahaɣ miŋ yɔ.
Pɩnaɣ 2018 taa mbʊ ɛyaa lakɩna tɛtʊ tɛɛ mamacɩɣla anɛ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ cɩnɛ yɔ pɩ-taa lɛ, mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lɛ ɛlakɩna ɛzɩ 26,9 % yɔ nɛ aka. Laadiriki miŋ hɔɔlʊ taa lɛ, tɛtɛɛ mala ana akɛna kacalɣ wonu ŋgʊ palakɩna yɔ nɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lɛ, pakpakʊ aka ɛzɩ 38,2 %. Ɛlɛ pɩnaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ ŋga ka-taa lɛ kaɖazɩm ɖɛna nɔɔ mɩŋ tɔm taa. Mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lɛ kaɖazɩm kpaɣa ɛzɩ 31,6 % yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 2019 taa ñɩnɩya cɔnaa lɛ, keteŋga kpeekpe taa tɛtʊ tɛɛ mala wena pakpaɣ-yɛ nɛ palabɩna tʊma yɔ, akpɛnda mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ kɛ 70 (70 %). Ɛlɛ ajɛya naatozo nayɛ taa kɛ pɩkɩlɩna, anaa yɔ: Siini (51,7 %), Ɛndɩ (11,8 % ) nɛ Etazunii (7,2 %).
Genghis Khan
Ɛyʊ ɛɛsɩŋ camɩyɛ pɩnaɣ ŋga palʊla-ɩ yɔ, ɛlɛ nabayɛ tɔŋ se palʊla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1155 lalaa se pɩnaɣ 1162 kɛ Kentii pʊŋ taa, Moŋgolii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛsɩba kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 1227 kɛ Siyani de Kiŋsuwi tɛtʊ taa, Moŋgoli ɛjaɖɛ taa; ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 65 yaa 72. Payaɣ ɛ-caa se Yesügei nɛ e-ɖoo kɔyɔ Hö'elün Börte. Pɛkpɛndɩ piya kagbaanzɩ pa-caa cɔlɔ.
Ɛ-sɩm wayɩ lɛ, ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ ɖaɣnɩ walʊʋ siŋŋ, mbʊ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, ɛ-wayɩ ñɩma kaawɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɖoŋ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Ɛsɩba wayɩ lɛ, ɛ-pɩɣa nakɛyɩ caɣna e-lone taa kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ yɔɔ. Pʋcɔ nɛ ɛsɩkɩ lɛ, Moŋgoli ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa yawaɣ-ɩ se pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ caa. Moŋgoli ɛjaɖɛ taa samaɣ tɩŋa ñaŋgaɣ-ɩ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Ɖooo lɛ, pakpaɣa halaa nɛ ɖoŋ nɛ pɛcɛlɩɣ abalaa. Ñʋʋdʋ Gengis Khan lʋbɩna siŋŋ nɛ paɖɩɣ kaʋ pɩ-tɛ lakasɩ nzɩ Moŋgoli ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Gengis Khan lʋbɩna siŋŋ nɛ Mongol ɛjaɖɛ lɩɩ ɖi-yomiye taa. Ɖajaa Gengis Khan lɩna wiyaʋ Bordjigin hɔʋ taa. Ɖajaa ɛnɛ ɛkɛ politiki laɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛnʋ kpeɣlini kewiyisi sɔsɔsɩ nzɩ sɩwɛ Aazii nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa nɛ nzɩ sɩwɛ Aazii hɛkʋ nɛ hɛkʋ taa yɔ sɩtɩŋa payɩ nɛ sɩkpɛndɩ nɛ pɩpɩsɩ Mongol ɛjaɖɛ. Ɛnʋ kɛkɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-Ñʋʋdʋ. Eɖiyaɣ ɖɔɖɔ Sogdiane tɛtʋ.
Ɛwɛna halaa kɔyɔ: Khulan,Yisugen, Yisui. Pe-pɩya nasɩyɛ kɔyɔ: Djötchi (1182-1227), Djaghataï (1184-1241), Khojen Beki Ögödei (1186-1241), Alaqai Beki (1187/1190),  Tolui (1190-1232), Tümelün (1192), Altalun (1193),  Checheyigen (1194).
Aɖam nɛ Ɛvɩ
Adam (hebra kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, אָדָם, aramen nɛ siriyaki kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, ܐܕܡ, arabɩ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, آدم) kɛ ɛyʊ weyi pɔyɔda ɛ-tɔm kiɖe tɛɛ takayaɣ taa nɛ ceu takayasɩ taa yɔ nɛ ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛyʊ weyi pɔyɔɔda ɛ-tɔm piŋ Ɛsɔ tɔm takayasɩ sakɩyɛ taa yɔ. Tɔm yɔɔdɩtʊ kikpeɣtu ndʊ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ yuda ñɩma, Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ aŋgba nɛ malɩŋ aŋgba taa lɛ, ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛkɛ kajalaɣ ɛyʊ weyi Ɛsɔ tɩtɩŋa lɩzana e-nesi yɔ. Pekpeɣkiɣ se ɛsɩba lɛ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 930 (kiɖe tɛɛ tɔm takayaɣ taa 5-5) ŋtalɩ pɩnzɩ 960 pɩlɩna kiɖe tɛɛ aseɣɖe tɔm takayaɣ nakayɛ. Ɛɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ Ɛvɩ ɛgbaɣtʊ, esinaɣ palɩza nɛ palabɩna halʊ ɛnʊ. Hɩɖɛ Adam pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛyʊtʊ, tɩwɛɛ Azii Wɩsɩ Ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ Afrika hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ taa. Ɛsɔ tɔm takayaɣ taa lɛ, nɛ kiɖe tɔm takayasɩ taa lɛ, Adam (hebra kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, אדם, pɩlɩna tɔmʊʊ אדמה pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se tɛtʊ) ɛkɛ kajalaɣ ɛyʊ weyi Ɛsɔ maɣmaɣ lɩza kɩyakʊ loɖo pɩtɩŋna tɛtʊ mʊzʊʊ yɔɔ ɛlɛzʊʊ tɩyɛ, nɛ pʊcɔ ehosi ɛ-mɔɔŋ tɛɛ nɛ ɛkpaɣ wezuu. Kajalaɣ taa lɛ, eɖeke ɛnʊ yɔ abalʊ nɛ halʊ (Ɛsɔ lɩzɩ Adam ɛzɩ ɛ maɣmaɣ yɔ, ɛzɩ Ɛsɔ ɛnʊ ɛ maɣmaɣ yɔ, ɛlɩzɩ-wɛ halʊ nɛ abalʊ.
Ɛsɔ cɔna se pɩfɛyɩ ɖeu se ɛyʊ ɛwɛɛ eyeke lɛ, ɛlɩzɩ kpɩna nɛ ewona-yɛ ɛ-cɔlɔ se ɛna se ɛyaɣ-yɛ hɩla suwe. Adam hɩɖɛ a-taa paa ndɩ lɛ, kɛlɛ ɛtanaɣ ɛlɛzʊʊ ñɩnʊʊ nɔɔyʊ pɩ-taa kaʊ weyi ɛmʊna-ɩ yɔ. Ɛsɔ yele nɛ ɖom kpaɣ-ɩ, kɛlɛ Ɛsɔ lɩzɩ e-sinaɣ nɛ ɛlabɩna ɛ-halʊ. Adam tɩlɩ-ɩ se ɛkɛ e-tomnaɣ tɛ tomnaɣ nɛ ɛ-mɔɔyɛ taa mɔɔyɛ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se palɩzɩɣ ɛ-yɔɔ kɛnɛ. Adam kpaɣ-ɩ ɛ-halʊ, kɛlɛ Ɛsɔ pɔzɩ-wɛ se palʊlɩ nɛ puhuu, se pañazɩ kpɩna nɛ atɔɔ ñɩtʊ. Kajalaɣ hɔʊ ŋgʊ Ɛsɔ tisi-wɛ Eden kaɖaɣ taa, se Adam ɛhayɩ nɛ ɛɖaŋ kaɖaɣ yɔɔ.
Adam ha ɛ-halʊ hɩɖɛ se Ɛvɩ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ wezuu mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛkɛ ɖoyo weyi ɛkaɣ tɩyʊ ɛyaa kpeekpe weziŋ yɔ. Pɛkɛdɩɣ-ɖʊ se ɛyaa mba pa naalɛ pɛlɛɣ wɛnaʊ kajalaɣ taa kɛ pɩyaa naatozo mba yɔ Caïen nɛ Abel nɛ Seth nɛ pɩyaa lalaa mba patayaa pa-hɩla yɔ. Ɛsɩkaɣ lɛ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 930. Ɛyaa mba pawayɩ lɛ kpaɣɖɩŋ nakʊ tɩŋa, palʊlɩ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ nɛ lɩm kpaɣ patɩŋna keŋkeŋ kɛlɛ pɩsaɣ Noé nɛ ɛ-hɔʊ (ɛ-halʊ nɛ ɛ-pɩyaa Japhet nɛ Sem nɛ Cham nɛ papa halaa).
1913
Pɩnaɣ 1913 kɛ pɩnaɣ 1913 ñɩŋga kɛ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ yɔ. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ taa lɛ, pɩnaɣ 1913 kɛŋna hiu nɛ naadozo ñɩŋga. Kɛwɛ pɩnzɩ 1912 nɛ 1914 hɛkʋ taa. =1913 taa lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ = Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ sɩnɛ yɔ sɩlaba :
Teŋgu kɩsɛɛmʊʊ
Teŋgu kɩsɛɛmʊʊ kɛna teŋgʊ kɩwɛ ilema naalɛ hɛkʊ taa yɔ: Afrika teŋgu nɛ Azii ñɩŋgʊ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa. Mba pɔcɔŋna keteŋa nɛ kɔ-yɔɔ ñɩm yɔɔ yɔ, laŋ, lɩm nɛ tɛtɛ wondu yɔɔ yɔ, pamaza teŋgu kɩsɛɛmʊʊ kʊnɛ lɛ, kɩ-walanzɩ taa maɣna ɛzɩ 450 000 km² yɔ. Kɩ-ɖaalakɩŋ taa wɛ ɛzɩ 1 1914 km yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se toboyuu taa ñamaɣna 300 km. Teŋgu kʊnɛ kɩ-tɛ liŋguu taa lɛ pɩmaɣna ɛzɩ mɛtanaa 500 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe pɩkɩla cukaŋ yɔ, peeɖe pɩzʊʊ pɩtalɩ mɛtanaa ɛzɩ 3 040 yɔ. Ajɛya wena acɔ Teŋgu kɩsɛɛmʊ kʊnɛ nɛ ata yɔ anaa yɔ: Egipiti, Suudaŋ, Eriitree, Cibutii, Arabii Sauditii nɛ Yemenii. Teŋg̀u kʊnɛ kʊ-yɔɔ kɛ tadaa laɖaa nɛ keteŋga yɔɔ cɔnɩyaa mba palɩɣna Mediteranee teŋgʊ hɔɔlʊʊ yɔɔ yɔ yaa mba palɩɣna Ɛndɩ Kujomuu taa yɔ se pɩtaaɖʊ-wɛɛ kʊñɔŋ se pɔcɔɔ Afrika ilemiye.
Ebeya mba cɔlɔ lɛ, Teŋgu kɩsɛɛmʊʊ kʊnɛ payaɣa-kʊ Edom teŋgu, pʊtɔbʊʊ se kɩsɛwa. Mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ Turk mba cɔnaa ɖɔɖɔ. Teŋgʊ kʊnɛ kɩ-hɩɖɛ siŋŋŋ lɩna Latɛŋ takayasɩ mayʊ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Quinte-Curce yɔ ɛ-cɔlɔ. Ɛyɔɔdʊʊ camɩyɛ se wiyao sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Erythrus yɔ, ɛnʊ yana-kʊ mbʊ. Ɛyɔɔdɩ mbʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ebreya taa lɛ eriitrɔsɩ tɔbʊʊ se kɩsɛɛmɩm; pɩfɛyɩ se nabayɩ ɛmaɣzɩ se teŋgu kʊnɛ kɩ-taa lɩm sɛwa.
Sergueï Rachmaninov
Eɖoo kɔyɔ Lyubov (Lioubov) Petrovna Butakova (1853–1929), nɛ sɔɔja sɔsɔ, Seneral nɔɔyʊ lʊɩna-ɩ. Palʊla Sergueï Rachmaninov kɛ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ kacalaɣ ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1873 kɛ Rusi ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛsɩ lakɩŋ fenaɣ 28 wiye pɩnaɣ 1943 Kalifɔrnii, Etazunii taa ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 69. Pɩnzɩ naanza taa kɛ Anna Ornazkaïa kpaɣ ɛ-tɩ pilim nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ piyano mabʊ wɩlʊ Sergueï Rachmaninov. Pɩɩwɛɛ se powona Sergueï Rachmaninov nɛ ɛ-ɖalʊ sɔsɔ Vladmir kɛ mba paɖaŋgʊ wiyau yɔɔ yɔ ɛlɛ liidiya fɛyɩ.
Ɛzɩma ɖama nɩnaʊ taawɛɛ ɛñɩma cɔlɔ lɛ, Vassili nɛ Lioubov Rachmaninov pacɩɩ ɖama. Piyebina nɛ piya wɛɛ po-ɖoo nɛ pe-neze Sofia Boutakova (1823-1904), weyi pɛɖɛyʊ-ɩ se babouchka yɔ pɔ-cɔlɔ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ pe-neze ɛnʊ ewokina ɛzɛyɩ Sergueï Rachmaninov kɛ Cathédrale Sainte-Sophie de Novgorod ɖenɖe ɛsɔ wendu teya teu nɛ wendu teu sʊʊ e-ciyam camɩyɛ siŋŋŋ yɔ.
Peehiruti
Peehiruti kɛ Liibaŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ nɛ pɩnaɣ 2015 taa pakala ɛyaa kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛ, pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 363 033 yɔ, ɛlɛ yee pɛkpɛndɩna ageeta wena acɔ tɛtʊ ndʊ nɛ ataa yɔ, ɛyaa wɛʊ ɛzɩ 2000000 yɔ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walaanzɩ taa maɣna ɛzɩ ɛkɩtaarɩnaa 2 000 yaa 20 km2.
Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ Azii, Afrika nɛ Eerɔpʊ hɛkʊ taa mbʊ yebina nɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa tadɩyɛ tʊma ɖɔŋ camaɩyɛ. Malɩŋ ajɛyaa taa, ɛzɩ Kɛɛrɩ yɔ, a-taa lɛ, peeyirutɩ kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa tadɩyɛ ɖɔŋb camɩyɛ kpem yɔ.
Pɩnaɣ 2009 taa kɛ keteŋga kpeekpe ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩcɔŋna ɛsɛkuliye nɛ sukuli pɔyɔɔ yɔ, ɖɩkpaɣ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ nɛ tɩyaa-tʊ se Takayaɣ tɛtʊ.
Maɣnɛ kpaŋ
Maɣnɛ kpaŋ (krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ παράνοια, paranoïa alɩna tɔmpee anɛ a-tɛ παρά (para) nabʊyʊ cɔlɔ, nɛ νούς (noos) pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se fezuu, kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa lɛ kiɖe tɛɛ lɛ pɔ-tɔbʊʊ yem se pɩkɛ mbʊ pɩtalɩna ɛyʊ sɔɔlɩm yɔɔ yɔ. Kpaɣnɛ kpaɣɖʊ 19, maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ lɩwa lɛ, pɩwɩlɩɣ se ñʊʊ taa kpaŋ kʊdɔŋ nakʊyʊ nɛ ŋcɔŋna pɩ-tɛ ɛyʊ yɔ ɛ nɛ lalaa paakpɩtɩna ɖama, ɛwɛtʊ caɣ ɖoŋ nɛ ɛyɔɔdʊʊ yem yem tɔm ndʊ tɩfɛyɩ wazaɣ yɔ.
Ɛyaa mba pɛwɛna pɩ-tɛ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ yɔ pɔ-tɔm caɣ ɖoŋ piŋ pe-evebitu alɩwaatʊ taa yaa ɛsʊtɩyʊ pazɩ mbʊ yɔ lɛ, kɛlɛ paasɩma-ɩ nɛ tʊ ɖooo lɔŋ. Palakɩ kʊñɔŋ yaa nabʊyʊ taa paalakɩ tʊma sakɩyɛ.
Ɛyaa mba kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩkpaɣ yɔ talɩ ɛyaa 0,3 ŋtalɩ 2,5 mbʊ yɔ. Sakɩyɛ natʊ taa lɛ ɛyaa pʊwɛ-wɛ kaɖɛ se pasʊzɩ pa-tɩ ɛyaa taa, paayeki pa-tɩ nɛ ɛyaa lalaa yem kɛlɛ mba maɣzɩ se pɛwɛna tovonum paa ɛzɩmtaa. Ɛyaa mba pɔsɔɔlɩ ɛyaa lalaa kʊyɩnaʊ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ pɔsɔɔlɩ yoŋ kɛlɛ pɔ-yɔɔ ɛɛlazɩɣ hɛʊ.
Kpaɣ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 30 nɛ 40 tɩnaa kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩkpaɣ nɛ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ yem yem. Yɔɔdaɣ kɩfɛyɩ tovonum kaawazɩɣ pɩyʊ, ɛyʊ ɛsɩŋ mbʊ pɔ-tɔm ɛyɔɔdʊʊ yɔ, kɛlɛ ɛnʊ maɣmaɣ taa wɛɛ leleŋ nɛ ndʊ ɛyɔɔdʊʊ yɔ nɛ ɛtɩla ɖɔɖɔ ndʊ ɛyɔɔdʊʊ yɔ eyeke. Pɩ-tɛ ɛyʊ ɛnʊ mbʊ yɔ paa ŋheyi-ɩ se ɛcɛtɩɣ ɛ-tɩ eetisi kpem.
Ɛyabɩyɛ
Ɛyabɩyɛ kɛna tɔɔnaɣ ŋga pɔtɔkɩ-kɛ nɛ lɛŋ yɔ. Ɛyabɩyɛ tɩʊ lʊlʊʊ yɔ, ayaba wɛʊ com com nɛ paya se nindaka. Nandasɩ sakɩyɛ wɛʊna tiku yɔɔ. Tikʊ kʊɖʊmʊ yɔɔ papɩzʊ panaɛzɩ ayaba 60 pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ 120 yɔ. Ɛyabɩyɛ wɛ mʊtʊ lubilubi nɛ pɩ-taa piye fɛyɩ. Ɛyabɩyɛ tiku cikpelu kɛ pɔsɔʊ nɛ kɩkɔɔ kɩtʊlɩ nɛ kʊlʊlɩ ayaba. Ayaba kalɩʊ lɛ, awɛʊ huyiŋ nɩɩyɛ taa nɛ ɩ-nɔsɩ pamna tɛtʊ. Huyiŋ ɩnʊ ɩ-taa kɛ ayaba wɛɛ. Ɩpʊʊ nɛ ɩtɔlʊʊ kʊɖʊm kʊɖʊm. Nandaka kʊɖʊmaɣ yɔɔ nɛ pɩnzɩ sakɩyɛ.
Ayaba taa pee fɛyɩ yee pɩtɛkɛ wena awɛ lakʊ taa yem kɔyɔ. Ɛyabɩyɛ yɔɔ wɛ lozolozo nɛ atatɩɩpɩta kɔyɔ a-tomnasi wɛna tɩŋ hatʊ sɛmɩŋ nɛ akɔŋ asɛɛ se apʊwa lɛ, awɛʊ ɛzɩ sʊtʊ lɩm yɔ. Pɩtɛkɛ atɩŋga ɛlɛ nabayɩ wɛɣna tɩŋ hatʊ tomnaɣ yaa asɛʊ caʊʊ. Ɛyabɩyɛ pʊʊ lɛ, ɖɩhʊʊ lʊkʊlʊkʊ. Ɛyabɩyɛ sɩŋna nɛ ɛyʊ tɔɔ tɔɔnasɩ nzɩ yɔ, sɩyɔlʊ camɩyɛ. Pʊyɔɔ kɛ pɩwɛɛ se ɛyʊʊ ɛtɔɔ tɔɔna ŋga ɛtɛ lɛ, ɛtɔɔ ɛyabɩyɛ yaa tɩʊ piye naɖɩyɛ. Nabayɩ tɛ tɔɔnasɩ taa kpem lɛ ɛyabɩyɛ pɩwɛ ɛzɩ pɔtɔɔtɔɔ yɔ, ɛzɩ Uganda yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩhayʊ ayaba pɩlɩŋ ɛzɩ nɩɩnɩwa yɔ.
Papaazɩ ayaba haɖaʊ Kɛ Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa, Siini, Melanezi nɛ Pasifiki nɛ kɩ-hadɛ kiŋ kɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ palʊla Yesu yɔ. Pɩlaba ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 500 lɛ papaazɩ a-haɖaʊ kɛ Madagasɩkarɩ. Arabɩwaa ñowoŋna a-haɖaʊ kɛ Mediteranee hɔɔlʊ taa (Afrika nɛ hayʊ kiŋ nɛ Ɛsɩpañɩ) pɩnzɩ 650 taa. Mbʊ mbʊ pɩwɛ pʊcɔʊ nɛ ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ ayaba wɛɛ paa hɔɔlʊ ŋgʊ lɛ kɩ-taa. Ayaba naayɛ wɛɛ lɛ paatɔkɩ-yɛ nɛ lɛŋ, patizʊ yaa poɖɔŋgʊ-yɛ pʊcɔ nɛ pɔtɔɔ.
Fally Ipupa
Palʊla Fally Ipupa kɛ saŋgayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 14 wiye pɩnaɣ 1977 kɛ Kinsasa tɛtʊ taa, Koŋgo ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ maɣmaɣ kɛlɛ se Fally Ipupa Nsimba. Ɛkɛna hendu teyu, payʊ, hendu luɖu nɛ hendu teya lala maɣzɩyʊ. Haba yɔɔ kɛ etewaɣ hendu nɛ ɛnɛ ɛ-taabala pabaɣ pʊkɔɔ pɩsɩoɩna evemiye nɖɩ hendu teyu sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Koffi Olomidé na-ɩ yɔ nɛ ɛya ɛ-ñʊʊ yɔ.
Ɛna-ɩ mbʊ lɛ ɛkpaɣ-ɩ nɛ ɛsʊzɩ-ɩ ɛ-ŋgbɛyɩ taa nɛ ɛna-ɩ palɩzɩ kɩlɛmɩŋ tatasɩ kanahaŋ ɛzɩ looɖo yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 2006 kɛ ɛwoba ɛna Obouo nɛ ɛlɛ sɩna-ɩ nɛ palizɩ ɛkacalaɣ kɩlɛmʊ tataɣ ŋga payaɣ se Droit Chemin yɔ, pʊtɔbʊʊ se Nʊmɔʊ kʊtʊzʊʊ. Pɩnaɣ 2014 taa kɛ ɛlɩzahendu teu kɩlɛmɩŋ kanahaʊ nakʊyʊ nɛ ɛyaa-kʊ se Original. Ɛlɩza-kɛ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 5 wiye pɩnaɣ 2014.
Pʊcɔ nɛ ɛlɩzɩɣ-sɩ lɛ, ɛɛlɩza nabɛyɩ nasɩyɛ nɛ sɩ-taa kɔyɔ: World, Chaise électrique, Sexy Dance nɛ Sweet Life. Ɛ-tɛ kɩlɛmɩŋ kanahaŋ tataɣ kagbaanzɩ ŋgalɩ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naalɛ ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 2018. Pɩnaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ ŋga ka-taa aseɣɖe ŋgbɛyɛ cɔnaa pɩŋŋŋ lɛ, yee pañɩnɩɣ hendu teya kɩpama mba pañamsa Afrika keteŋga kɔyɔ, Fally Ipupa wɛ hendu teya nɩɩnʊwa taa.
Ɖama tɛyʊʊ you (Guerre de Sécession)
Ɖama tɛyʊʊ you (pasɩma-kʊ nɛ hɩɖɛ ɖɩnɛyɔ se Amerika ɛjaɖɛ pɩya hɛkʊ taa you nɛ paya-kʊ se ɖama tɛyʊʊ yaa tɩ lɩzʊʊ yaa tɩ yasʊʊ tɛ you. You ŋgʊ kɩlɩna Etaazuunii canaʊ tɔm taa. Pɩkɛ you ŋgʊ kɩɩwɛ Hayi ɛyaa nɛ Hadɛ ñɩma pɛ-hɛkʊ taa alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɖooo canaʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩnaɣɔ ɖɩ-tɩ kedeŋga yɔɔ yɔ. Tɩ-yɔɔ wɛʊ you wayi lɛ, Etaazuunii la ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe naɖɩyɛ pɩtɩŋna ɖama nɩnaʊ lɩmaɣza paɣtʊ hɔɔlasɩ ndɩ ndɩ yɔɔ, nɛ pala paɣtʊ takayaɣ tɛ lɩmaɣza yee paa a-taatalɩɣ kɔyɔ.
Paɣtʊ takayaɣ ŋga kaapɩzɩ kaha paɣtʊ lambuu yaa se kɔcɔna tadɩyɛ tʊma yɔɔ kɛ Ajɛyɛ Kɩkpɛndʊʊ taa. Pɩkɛ tabalɩyɛ kɛ Ajɛyɛ 13 wena aɖʊ ñʊŋ yɔ, pama-tʊ lɔŋ lɔŋ se paɖaŋ nɛ patɩ yɔɔ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ mbʊ se palʊbɩna Piritaniki ɛjaɖɛ sɔsɔyɛ yɔ. Ɛlɛ pʊkɔma pɩnaɣ 1787 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, nɩnaaʊ ajɛyɛ tɛ kewiyaɣ taafɛyɩ ɖoŋ mbʊ lɛ, pʊkɔna ndɔnjɔlɩyɛ pɛ-hɛkʊ ta pɩtɩŋna Virginie nɛ Maryland hɛkʊ taa kamaɣ yɔɔ. Ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ lɩɩ nɛ ɖɩtasɩ ñɔɔzʊʊ paɣtʊ takayaɣ taa tɔm. Ŋgbɛyɛ ndɩ ɖɩlakaɣ ɖeu mbʊ pʊyɔɔ tʊmɩyɛ ndɩ paapɔza-ɖɩ yɔɔ ndɩ ɖɩlakaɣ ɖɔɖɔ ndɩ lɛ, se ɖɩkaɣ ɖanɩɣ maʊ paɣtʊ takayaɣ kɩfalaɣ ŋga kakaɣ kɛʊ Amerika tɛ Etaazuunii paɣtʊ takayaɣ. Palɩzɩ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ se pɩha nɔmɔʊ nɛ paɖɩzɩ yomtu nɛ paha paa Amerika pɩɣa ŋga kɩmaŋ waɖɛ ɛlɛ, Ajɛyɛ wena awɛ Hadɛ yɔɔ kiŋ yɔ aatisuu mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ aawɛ ɖoŋ nɛ ñɩm pɩtɩŋna tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ kʊyɔɔ nɛ pekizi lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ. Ɖama yasʊʊ you kɛ Etaazuunii tɛ Hayi kiŋ taa ɛyaa hɛkɩŋ taa hɔmtʊ ndʊ pasɩma-tʊ yɔɔ se tʊma sɔsɔna ñɩm lakɩna lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɛ liidiye nɛ Hadɛ yɔɔ kiŋ tɛ samaɣ lɛ, pasɩma kaka nɛ haɖaʊ tʊmɩyɛ ŋgʊ kʊñɔ taba tadɩyɛ yɔ nɛ pʊwayɩ lɛ, yɔlɩtʊ yɔ. Ɖɩcɔna cuuŋ kɔyɔ lɩmaɣza ana a-yɔɔ you ŋgʊ kɩpaɣza kajalaɣ ɖeɖe. Piyile yomtu ɖɩzʊʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ wɛ poliŋ se pɔtɔ se a-yɔɔ. Ɖɩgbaɣ anasaayɩ cejewa miiliyɔɔ naa 1,8 kɔyɔ, hadɛ yɔɔ cejewa wena awɛna yoma yɔ akɛʊ 380000. Abraham Lincoln lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kajalaɣ kɛlɛ se paɖaŋ tɛyʊʊ you ŋgʊ Hadɛ (mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɖɩkɛ kewiyaɣ keeke pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ) nɛ pañazɩ nɛ pasɩ hayi yɔɔ tʊma sɔsɔna laɣsɩ.
Erɔpɩyɔm
Erɔpɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 63 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Eu. Ɛɛladɩɣ mʊʊ kalɩkɔdaɣ helim taa nɛ ɛmʊʊ kalɩkɔdag ŋga mbʊ lɛ pɩpɩsɩ ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ waa naatozo, Eu + 3 O2 → 2 Eu2O3. Ɛ-laɣsɩ nɛ lɩm wɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛ nɛ kalɩsɩyɔm yɔ. Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ kɛtɛɖaɣ tɛtʊ naa laala yɔ (ɛlɛ lantanɩ fɛyɩ pɩtaa) erɔpɩyɔm mʊʊ miŋ helim taa halɩ pɩwɛɛ ɖoŋ pɩtalɩ 150 pɩtalɩ 180 °C. Erɔpɩyɔm wɛ ɖoŋ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ plɔŋ yɔ nɛ ɛwɛ manɩɩ. Pʊcɔ eniɣdi yaa ekpekeli lɛ pɩtalɩɣ −271,35 °C.
Paul Emile Lecoq Boisbaudran tʊ lɩna erɔpɩyɔm yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1890, ɛlɛ ɛsɩma ɛlaba, ɛtɛyɩ kɩmaŋ samarɩyɔm nɛ kadɔlɩnɩyɔm nɛ ɛna mʊntʊsʊʊ cɛnzɩ nasɩyɛ nzɩ sɩtɛkɛ samarɩyɔm yaa kadɔlɩnɩyɔm pa-taa nɔyɔ ñɩnzɩ. Paa ɖoye lɛ natʊ kɩhɛyʊʊ liidiye wɛʊ yɔ pɛhɛyaɣ-ɖɩ Fransɩɩ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ Eugène Anatole Demarçay, weyi ekpeɣa pɩnaɣ 1896 alɩwaatʊ taa se samarɩyɔm cɛbɩyasɩ kɩfasɩ nzɩ palɩ sɩ-yɔɔ yɔ pʊtʊnaa laala kaaɖɛ-sɩ. Kɛlɛ ɛñɛ ɛ-tɩ nɛ ɛlɩzɩ erɔpɩyɔm kɩ yeke pɩnaɣ 1901.
Ɖama tɛyʊʊ you (Guerre de Sécession)
Paaɖɩzaɣ yomtu Hayi yɔɔ Ajɛyɛ taa nɛ papazɩɣ kpaagba mbʊ kɛ tadɩyɛ labʊ. Ajɛyɛ ana a-taa kaawɛ nesi tɛ tʊma sakɩyɛ nɛ kaakʊ kaawɛ camɩyɛ. Hayi yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa kaakɛ mba pohuzuu pa-ñɩm yɔɔ nɛ palakɩ pa-taa pe-ɖeke tadɩyɛ nɛ pɛwɛna kɩmaŋ tɛyʊʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ.
Hadɛ yɔɔ ɛyaa lakaɣ tadɩyɛ paale nɛ paha ɛsɛ nɛ Erɔpʊ kedeŋga yɔɔ kiŋ pɩkɩlɩna yɔlɩtʊ nɛ wonduu yɛɖɛ yɛɖɛ naa. Ɛyaa pɛwɛna Erɔpʊ tɛ sɔnzɩ lɩmaɣza pe-fetenum xɛ ɖɔɖɔ ndɩ ndɩ. Sakɩyɛ taa hadɛ ɛyaa (mba paawɛ lakɩŋ taa) yɔ, lɩmaɣza taa kaawɛ se paɖaŋ pɛ-tɛtʊ yɔɔ nɛ pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ patasɔɔlɩ hayi yɔɔ ɛyaa ɛsʊ pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Twitter
Samaɣ piyuu nakʋyʋ wɛɛ nɛ payaɣ-kʋ se « Twitter ». Twitter Inc. tʋmɩyɛ cɔŋnana samaɣ piyuu ŋ́gʋ kɩ-yɔɔ. Ɛyʋ weyi ɛlakɩna samaɣ piyuu ŋ́gʋ nɛ tʋmɩyɛ yɔ, ɛpɩzɩɣ etiyina ɛ-taabalaa tɔm ndɩ ndɩ falaa, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se etiyina-wɛ tɔm ɛɛhɛyɩɣ paa piye. Ɛntɛrɩnɛtɩ yɔɔ lɛ, payaɣ tɔm ndʋ ɛyʋ tiyina pɩtɩŋna Twitter yɔɔ yɔ se « tweets ». Tɔm ndʋ ɛyʋ pɩzɩɣ etiyina nɛ pɩtɩŋna Twitter piyuu yɔɔ yɔ, tɩ-masɩ ɛɛɖɛɣ mɩnɩʋ nɛ hiŋ naanza yɔɔ (140) Lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kʋɖʋmʋʋ (21), pɩnaɣ 2006 taa Twitter samaɣ piyuu ŋ́gʋ kɩlɩwa. Ɖajaanaa panɛ : Jack Dorsey nɛ Evan Williams nɛ Biz Stone nɛ Noah Glass palɩzɩna Twitter samaɣ piyuu ŋ́gʋ. Ɛlɛ, hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ taa, pɩnaɣ kʋɖʋmaɣ ŋ́ga ka-taa papaɣzɩ labɩnaʋ Twitter samaɣ piyuu ŋ́gʋ nɛ tʋmɩyɛ.
Lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ kakpaanzɩ (5) ñɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2017 taa pewilaa pana lɛ, ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ waa 313 lakaɣna Twitter samaɣ piyuu nɛ tʋmɩyɛ paa fenaɣ ŋga ka-taa. Ɛyaa ḿba, petiyina pɔ-tɔm pɩtɩŋna Twitter piyuu yɔɔ takayɩsɩ taŋga (500) paa evemiye nɖɩ ; pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se petiyina tweet waa taŋga paa evemiye nɖɩ. Papɩzɩɣ pama tɔm ndʋ petiyiɣna pɩtɩŋna Twitter samaɣ piyuu yɔɔ yɔ nɛ kʋnʋmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa. Papɩzɩɣ pamana kʋnʋmɩŋ hiŋ naanza (40) taa halɩ pɩɖɛɛ pʋ-yɔɔ. Twitter samaɣ piyuu tʋma ñʋʋ wɛ San Francisco (Etaazuunii) taa. Twitter samaɣ piyuu tʋmɩyɛ wɛna ɖɩ-tʋma lɛɛna lona atalɩ 35 nɛ pɩɖɛɛ pʋ-yɔɔ kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ cɩnɛ. Kɩwɛna ɖɔɖɔ ɔrɩdinatɛɛrɩ lɛɣtʋ tʋma pilinzi New York (Etaazuunii) taa.
Geoffrey Chaucer
Palʊla Geoffrey Chaucer kɛ pɩnzɩ 1340 taa kɛ Aŋgɩlɩtɛɛrɩ Kewiyaɣ taa nɛ ɛsɩ Lɔndrɩ tɛtʊ taa, Aŋgɩlɩtɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩ-taa pɩnzɩ 1400 taa ɛwɛwaɣna pɩnzɩ ɛzɩ 60 yɔ. Geoffrey Chaucer kɛ takayɩsɩ mayʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛma takayɩsɩ pɩlɩɩna hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa. Ɛma keɣsi nɛ cɩmɩŋ takayɩsɩ, kedeŋa yɔɔ tɔm ndɩ ndɩ ñɩnzɩ, tanaʋ takayɩsɩ, ŋɖuliña takayɩsɩ, ɛma ɖɔɖɔ aleɣya ñɩnzɩ sakɩyɛ nɛ  mʋya takayɩsɩ sakɩyɛ  ɖɔɖɔ.
Ɛkɛ ñʊʊtaa lɔŋsɩnɖɛ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ, kʊnʊmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ, ɛlɩzʊ ɖɔɖɔ kʊnʊmɩŋ lɛɛŋ nɛ lɛɛŋ pa-taa, ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ tʊma sɔsɔna taa tʊmɩyɛ laɖʊ. Geoffrey Chaucer nɛ ɛ-taabalaa mba ɛnɛ-wɛ palakaɣ tʋmɩyɛ yɔ, pa-taa nabɛyɛ hɩla yɔ : John Gower, William Langland nɛ Pearl Poet. Geoffrey Chaucer kɛŋna Aŋgletɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛ takayɩsɩ mayaa kajalaɣ ñɩma taa tʋ nɔoyʋ. Payaɣ ɛ-caa size John Chaucer.
Geoffrey Chaucer caa kɛ payaɣ se John Chaucer (1312 – 1366). Ɛɛkɛ tadɩyɛ laɖʊ Lɔndrɩ tɛtʊ taa. Paapɩla ɛzɩma kɔyɔ, haɖaa mba payaɣ-wɛ se Fintri yɔ, peeɖe palʊla-ɩ. Paasɩŋ ɖeyiɖeyi ɖenɖe paaɖʊ-ɩ sukuli yɔ, ɛlɛ pɩwɛ ɛzɩ peeɖe Katedralɩ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Paul Kiɖeɖeu yɔ kɩ-taa kɛ powona-ɩ yɔ nɛ nɔɔyʊ ɛɛpɩzʊ ɛñɩʊ niye se ɛlaba sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ yaa ɛtaala.
Fɛrmɔɔn
Fɛrmɔɔn kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Niwu Hamsiirii, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ lɛ Niwu Yɔɔrkii ɛjaɖɛ, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Masazuuzɛtii piyele nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Kebɛkii ŋgʊ kɩwɛna Kanadaa yɔ.
Fɛrmɔɔnɩɩ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Montpelier nɛ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Burlington. Pamaza Fɛrmɔɔnɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 24 923 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 23 976 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 947 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 3,8  yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 45 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 14 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ lakɩŋ fenaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ lʊbɛ nkʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1791.
Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 625 741 yɔ.
Hola wondu lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ
Hola wondu lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ, pɩkɛ lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ ndɩ ɖɩcɔŋna ɛyʊ ñʊʊ taa hola wondu yɔɔ, ɛzɩma awɛɛ nɛ alakɩ tʊmɩyɛ ɛzɩma yɔ, halɩ nɛ ɖooo ajɔɔla taa pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ ñʊʊ taa nɛ tomnaɣ kpeekpe.
Tɔmpiye hola lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ sʊ Ɛŋglɩsɩ kʊnʊŋ taa kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1960 tɛmtʊ alɩwaatʊ nɛ pɩwɩlɩɣ se pɩkɛ piliŋa ŋga kɔcɔŋna fezuu kpɛlɛkʊʊ yɔɔ yɔ nɛ pɩcɛlɩna ñʊʊ taa maɣmaɣ ɛzɩ ɛsɩnda Nobel liidiye hɛyʊʊ tɩnaa David Hubel nɛ Torsten Wiesel.
Zaïko Langa Langa
Zaïko tɔbʊʊ nɛ Liŋgala kʋnʋŋ taa kɛlɛ se: Sayiri ɛjaɖɛ caanaʊ taa mba. Langa Langa ñɛkɛna Ekuwatɛɛrɩ hɔɔlʊ taa samaɣ nakayɩ. Paanɛ pɩnzɩ 1980 taa ɖama kɩɩnɩnaʊ ɛɛsʊ ŋgbɛyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa nɛ paya ɖama yɔ, Zaïko payɛ yaa ɖɩ-wɛtʊ wɛɛ paa-anɩ ɛ-calɩm taa. Kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1980 nɛ 1988 taa Zaiko Langa Langa lɩza tatasɩ sakɩyɛ: Non Stop, Tala modèle échanger, Hé Ngoss, Bongama Kamata position, On gagne le procès, Nippon Banzai. Pɩnaɣ 1986 taa alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Zaiko Langa Langa kaawoba Zaapɔŋ taa kɛ palɩza tata ŋga payaɣ se Nippon Banzai yɔ.
Fɛrmɔɔn
Payaɣ Fɛrmɔɔnɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Phil Scott (R) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Patrick Leahy (D) nɛ Bernie Sanders (I).
Zaïko Langa Langa
Pʊcɔ nɛ ŋgbɛyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩcɩɩ yeli lɛ, ɖɩlɩza tataɣ nakayɩ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1987 nɛ payaa-kɛ se Subissez les Conséquences, pʊtɔbʊʊ se, mbʊ ŋɖʊ yɔ ŋgʊŋ-pʊ kɛɛkɛɛ. Pɩnaɣ 1988 kɛ ŋgbɛyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩyaa pɩlɩɩna Nyoka Longo nɛ Lengi Lenga pa-ɖama kɩɩnɩnaʊ yɔɔ. Pataa paa-anɩ ɛñɩnaɣ se ɛnʊ ɛkɛŋna ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ. Pa-kpaagbaɣ tataɣ kɔyɔ Poison pʊtɔbʊʊ se kʊdɔŋ. Lɔŋsɩnɖʊ nɔɔyʊ ñama ŋgbɛyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-yɔɔ kɛ tɔm se: Zaïko Langa Langa kɛna ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsɔɔla tʊmɩyɛ kɩpanɖɛ labʊ camɩyɛ yɔ.
Hola wondu lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ
Paa tɔmpiye ɖɩwɛɛ ɖooo kpaɣɖʊ 20 alɩwaatʊ kɔyɔ, pɛkpɛlɛkʊʊ ñʊʊ lɩna kpaagba nɛ lʊlʊʊ kɩfam tomnaɣ pilinzi ɖɔkɔtɔ tʊma cɔlɔ kɛnɛ, pa-taa kɔyɔ André Vésale. Kɛlɛ pʊcɔ mbʊ lɛ, ɖɔkɔtɔ naa sakɩyɛ kaalaba tʊmɩyɛ pɩlɩna ñʊʊ taa hola wondu yɔɔ nɛ maɣzɩm pɛ-tɛ ɖama tamsɩnaʊ.
Fɛrmɔɔn
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ aŋgilisi. Ɛlɛ siŋŋŋ taa lɛ, komina maɣmaɣ tatɩɩ hada nɔɔ camɩyɛ se Eŋgilisi kɛŋna kɩ-kʊnʊŋ.
Hola wondu lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ
Yee pɛkpɛndɩna hɩɖɛ cɛjɛ kɛ Hippocrate fɛbɩtʊ taa kɔyɔ ɛnɛ ɛnʊ yɔ nana fɩtɩyɩm kɛɛyʊ lɩmaɣza taa, tɔm kɛdʊʊ taa lɛ mbʊ payaɣ se hola wondu kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɔm nɛ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɔm yɔ pazɩna Egipiti kɩbɩnʊʊ ɖɔkɔtɔ naa tʊma taa nɛ pɩtɩŋna Roma (Galien) ɖɔkɔtɔ matʊ tɔm yɔɔ nɛ arabɩ nɛ malɩŋ ɛyaa (Averroès), nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ Descartes tʊma.
Ɛyaa pa nɛ yɔ papɩsɩ wɛɛ ana lɛɣtʊ yaa lɛɣtʊ ɛsɩnda ɖɛnaʊ wɛɛ kɛlɛ paɖʊ kondoloko nakʊyʊ kɛ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɛ tomnasi pilinzi kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɛ ajɔɔla tʊmɩyɛ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa, pɩ nɛ pɩ-tɛ kazʊwa yaa pɩ-kɩzɛsɩ pɛ-ɛsɩnda pɩlɩna ɛyʊ yɔɔ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɔm mʊntʊsʊʊ wɛɛ taa.
James Watt
James Watt kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Ekɔsɩ yɔ, ɖɩ-ɛjaɖɛ taa tʋ. Ɛkɛ abalʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ Ekɔsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe. Palʋla-ɩ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ taa evemiye hiu (19) nɛ nakʋ n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye. Egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛtʋ taa palʋla-ɩ yɔɔ payaɣ size Greenock tɛtʋ Ekɔsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛsɩba kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ taa evemiye nɛɛlɛ nɛ kagbanzɩ (25) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye pɩnaɣ 1819 n̄ɩŋga taa. Palʊla James Watt kɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ  19 wiye pɩnaɣ 1736 kɛ Greenock tɛtʊ taa, Ekɔsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛsɩ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ 25 pɩnaɣ 1819 ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 83 Aŋgletɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛkɛna tomnasɩ lɛɣzɩtʊ ñɩnɩyʊ, kpɛlɩ kpɛlɩ pɩsɩʊ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ nɛ ŋgbɛyɛ ñʊʊtʊ nɔɔyʊ.
James ɖoo kɛ payaɣ se Agnes Muirhead nɛ ɛ-halaa kɔyɔ Ann MaGregor nɛ Peggy Miller nɛ e-piya kɔyɔ Margeret Watt nɛ Gregory Watt. Ɛnʊ kaawɛna ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Lunar Society nɛ ɖɩwɛ Birmingham yɔ. Ɛzima ɛlaba tʊma sɔsɔna kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɩ ñɩnɩʊ yɔɔ yɔ, nɛ pɩsa nɛ ɛ-hɩɖɛ ɖɛɛna ɛsɩnda ɖɔɖɔ yɔ kɛ pakpaɣa ɛ-hɩɖɛ se ɖɩkɛ keteŋga kpeekpe ɖoŋ ñɩnɩʊ kɩmaɣzʊ nɛ payaɣ-kʊ se Watt.
Stendhal
Palʊla Henri Beyle kɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyuakʊ 23 wiye pɩnaɣ 1783 kɛ Kreznoblii tɛtʊ taa Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɖɔɖɔ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 59.Ɛ-hɩɖɛ kɩsɛsɛyɛ kɛlɛ Stendhal. Ɛkɛ ñʊʊda maɣzɩm takayɩsɩ mayʊ nɛ nzɩ pakɩlina-ɩ sɩm yɔ nzɩ lɛ Sɛmɩŋ nɛ Kpɛdɩŋ (Le Rouge et le Noir ) nɛ La Chartreuse de Parme. Ɛtaasɔɔlɩ ɛ-caa pɩtalɩ e-ɖoo ɛlɛ ɛlɛ ñasɩbɩna nɛ eyele-i nɛ ɛ-caa nɛ ɛ-cɔzɔ weyi ɛna-ɩ paasɔɔla ɖama camɩyɛ yɔ. Payaɣ ɛ-caa se Beyle nɛ e-ɖoo hɩɖɛ yɔ Henriette Gagnon. E-ɖoo sɩba kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 23 pɩnaɣ 1790 nɛ pɩtɛ alɩwaatʊ lɛ Henri Beyle yaa Stendal kaawɛna pɩnzɩ lʊbɛ yeke.
E-efebutu taa kɛ ɛ-ɖɛdʊ, Daru, heyi-i se ɛsʊʊ sɔɔjɛtʊ nɛ pɩla mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ. Agoza fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 1800 taa powona-ɩ Milaŋ se ɛla you. Pɩnaɣ 1819 taa ɛma takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ nakayɩ, De l'amour, pɩlɩɩna sɔɔlɩm mbʊ pɩɩwɛ ɛna Matilde Dembowski yɔɔ pʊ-yɔɔ. Ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 40 lɛ ɛcɛla ɛ-tɩɩ camɩyɛ maɣzɩm takayɩsɩ kɩkalasɩ maʊ.
Ɛma takayɩsɩ nzi yɔ sɩ ɖɔɖɔ kamaɣ fɛyɩ nɛ sɩ-taa kɔyɔ: Armance, Le Rouge et le Noir, Souvenir d'égotisme, Vie de Henry Brulard, Lucien Leuwen, Lamiel, La Chartreuse de Parme. Ɛsɩba lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 23 pɩnaɣ 1842 kɛ Paarii tɛtʊ taa, Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 59.
1914
Pɩnaɣ 1914 kɛ pɩnaɣ 1914 ñɩŋga kɛ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ yɔ. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ taa lɛ, pɩnaɣ 1914 kɛŋna hiu nɛ naanza ñɩŋga. Kɛwɛ pɩnzɩ 1913 nɛ 1915 hɛkʋ taa. =1914 taa lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ = Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ sɩnɛ yɔ sɩlaba :
Famoudou Konaté
Famoudou Konaté kɛna Kiinee ɛjaɖɛ taa keeɣa maɖa yaa hendu teyu sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ nɛ palʊla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1940 kɛ Sangbarala egeetiyee taa, Kurusa taa. Kurusa wɛ Hoti Kiinee taa. Mba pasima Mamady Keïta yɔ, pasɩma-ɩ; mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ɛ-na-ɩ pɔ-tɔm wɛ ɖama yɔɔ. Afrika taa hendu teya kɔma nɛ patɩlɩ-ɩ lɛ, pamʊ-ɩ pɛ-ŋgbɛyɛ taa. Pɩtɛ alɩwaatʊ lɛ, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 19.
Pɩlaba mbʊ lɛ, ɛnɛ Kinee ɛjaɖɛ taa hendu teya sʊsa sʊsa palakɩ amʊzɛ ketɛŋga kpeekpe nɛ pɔcɔʊ pataŋ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 26 yɔ kɛ mbʊ yɔ. Caama ɛjaɖɛ lɩwaɣ pa-sʊsɔ weyi payawaɣ-ɩ se Karl Marx yɔ ɛ-tɛ tɔsʊʊ hʊʊ paɣtʊ yɔɔ lɛ, ɛ-ɛyʊ ɛsɩm nɔɔyʊ, Johannes Beer, yaa-ɩ Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa se ɛwolo ɛsɩna peeɖe hendu teyaa nɛ ɛla amʊʊzɛ naayɛ ɖɖɔ nɛ pɩla mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ.
Famoudou Konaté wɛ Malɩnke ɛsakuliye yaa sɔnzɩ taa weyi paakpɛlɛkɩɣ-ɩ nabʊyʊ kɩkpɛlɛkʊ yɔ. Ɛzɩma ɛ-tɛ peeɖe mʊsɩ soo mabʊ camɩyɛ. Ɛmʊsɩ labʊ taa lɛ, pɩfɛyɩna-ɩ kɩjɛyʊ se lala ɛsɩna-ɩ pʊcɔ pɩwɛɛ ɖeu. Ɛzɩma Famoudou Konaté sɔɔla ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ lɛ, paa ɛzɩ ewoki tuuɖe kɔyɔ, tʊmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ wona-ɩ, ɛtɛŋ-ɖɩ lɛ ekpeŋ ɛ-tɛ Kiinee taa. Famoudou Konaté soo mabʊwɛna a-ndɩ: ɛyɔɔdʊʊ tɔm e-soo taa.
Katɔlɩnɩyɔm
Katɔlɩnɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 64 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Gd. Ɛkɛ lantanɩ waa tɛ pʊtʊ lɛlʊ. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ lɩna katɔlɩnɩtɩ cɔlɔ, pɩkɛ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ lɛɛtʊ ndʊ tɩtaa palɩ ɛ-yɔɔ yɔ. Katɔlɩnɩyɔm kɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ weyi ɛwɛ kɛtɛɖaɣ tɛtʊ naa taa yɔ. Ɛwɛ kpʊzɩyɛɛ liidiye tɩyɛ, ɛ-mɛɛdʊʊ nɛ ɛwɛ manɩɩ yee ɛjaɖɛ taa soŋaɣ ɛwɛ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ.
Katɔlɩnɩyɔm wɛ ɖiɣɖiɣ kɛ helim mbʊ pɩwɩɣ ɛyʊ mɔɔŋ tɛɛ yɔ. Kɔyɔ ɛɛladɩɣ mʊʊ kalɩkɔdaɣ niikaɣ helim taa. Yee paɖʊ-ɩ lɩm taa kɔyɔ pɩwasɩɣ ɖaa ɖaa kɛlɛ ɛyɔɔlʊʊ siziŋ lɩm naa mba paca pataa yɔ. Katɔlɩnɩyɔm tɛ ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ wɛʊ yɔ pɩnaɣ 1880 wɛɛ taa kɛ Jean Charles Galissard Marignac tʊ lɩza-ɩ eyeke nɛ Paul Emile Lecoq Boisbaudran ñɩnʊ ñapɩsɩ-ɩ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ keeke pɩnaɣ 1886. Fɛɛlandɩ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ yana-ɩ hɩɖɛ pɩtɩŋna ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛ-hɩɖɛ Johan Gadolin.
Katɔlɩnɩyɔm wɛna sɔtʊ naa nabayɛ. Tovonum, ɛ nɛ kalɩsɩyɔm pahasɩɣ ɖama ɖenɖe kalɩsɩyɔm kɛ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ pɩyʊ (feziŋ, hɔyɛ ciidiɣ, nandʊ hola seletuu, calɩm kiɣu nɛ ŋgbaɣ nɖɛɛ) nɛ ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛkɔna kalaa sakɩyɛ pɩtɩŋna ɛ-tɛ ɖɔʊ yɔ.
Monakoo
Monakoo kɛna Erɔpʊ ilemiye nɛ wɩsɩ ɖʊɖʊyɛ taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛna Mediteraanee Teŋgu kʊ-cɔlɔ nɛ Azuurii kidiiliŋ yɔɔ. Monakoo nɛ pɔɔ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ se nisi yɔ puposaa ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa nɛɛlɛe yɔ nɛ kilomɛtanaa 8,1 nɛ Mantonii. Ɛjɛya lɛɛna wena acɔ Monakoo nɛ ata yɔ: Fransɩɩ tɛtʊ cikpetu ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Kap dɛlɩ yɔ, Bosɔlɛyɩ nɛ Turkii. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ teŋgu nakʊyʊ nɔɔ.
Pamaza Mopnakoo ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 2,02 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe takɩlɩ ɖɔʊ. Kɔlaɣ fenaɣ 8 wiye pɩnaɣ 1297 kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ ɛlɛ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kagbaanzɩ wiye pɩnaɣ 1524 ŋga ka-taa kɛ pɔtɔkɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ kazandʊ.
Payaɣ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖiwiyau kɩfalʊ se Albert II nɛ ɛ-tɛ komina yɔɔ cɔnayʊ se Serge Telle. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ fransɩ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Monakoo nɛ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩna walanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ.
Pɩnaɣ 2017 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 37 550 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yee pakalɩɣ ɛyaa km2 taa kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ 18 654 yɔ. Yee ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛyaa nɔɔyʊ kɛ kaŋgalafu yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛma +377 ɛ-tɛ kaŋgalafu kpata yɔɔ pʊcɔ ŋɛ ɛɛma pɩtɛ ɛyʊʊ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ.
Confucius
Confucius (Siini kɛlɛʊ taa lɛ孔子 ; pinyin kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, Kǒng Zǐ ; Wade taa lɛ, K'ung³-tzu³), palʊla-ɩ salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 28 pɩnaɣ 551 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yesuu Krɩstʊ Zou tɛtʊ nɛ ɛsɩ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 11 pɩnaɣ 479 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesu Krɩstʊ Qufu tɛtʊ taa pɩkɛ Shandong kewiyaɣ tɛtʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa, ɛɛkɛ ɛyʊ yɔɔ lɩmaɣza tʊmɩyɛ tʊ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ sɔsɔyɛ yɔ Kong nɛ cikpeɖe yɔ Qui, ɛyaa sakɩyɛ ya-ɩ se Zhongni. Ɛkɛ tɔm kɛdɩtʊ ɛyʊ sɔdʊ kpem Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa, nɛ ɛkɛ kajalaɣ wɩlɩyʊ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe.
Walaa taa lɛ paya-ɩ se Kǒngzǐ (孔子) yaa Kǒng Fūzǐ (孔夫子) kɛ Siini ɛyaa cɔlɔ nɛ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se wɩlɩyʊ Kong nɛ papɩsɩ-ɖɩ latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa se Confucius pɩtɩŋna Yeesu ɛgbaɣtɩnaa yɔɔ. Koree ɛyaa ya-ɩ se Kong-ja, Sapɔŋ tɩnaa se Kôshi, Fɩyɛtɩnam ñɩma se Khổng Tử.
Ɛ-hɩɖɛ keeke kɛlɛ Kong Qiu (孔丘), nɛ ɛyaa kpeekpe nɔsɩ taa hɩɖɛ kɔyɔ Zhongni (仲尼). Ɖɔɖɔ ñamtʊ yɔɔ paya-ɩ se Kongfuzi (孔夫子), yaa kɛlɛʊ taa lɛ, Kongzi (孔子). Papɩsɩ-ɖɩ Confucius ɖɩɖɩ ñalɩna Kongfuzi, poluba-ɖɩ kpaɣɖʊ 16 alɩwaatʊ taa pɩtɩŋna Yeesu ɛgbaɣtɩnaa mba paatɩyɩ-wɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ, nɛ pɩkɛ ɛzɩ koŋ lɛ Matteo Ricci yana-ɩ-ɖɩ. Kong liɖe kaalɩna Song ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛnɛ. Ɛ-cɔzɔ kaakɛ Song ɛjaɖɛ taa you tʊmɩyɛ lɩm ɖʊyʊ, KongFu Jia. Pʊwayɩ pakʊ ɛnɛ ɛnʊ lɛ, ɛ-pɩyalʊ Fang Shu wolo ɛmɛlɩ Lu ɛjaɖɛ taa, peeɖe ɛlaba sɔɔjɛtʊ tʊmɩyɛ piŋ. Ɛ-pɩyalʊ Shu Lianghe tɩŋɩ ɛ-nɔmɔʊ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ ɛla sɔɔjɛtʊ tʊmɩyɛ piŋ. Hɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-ɛyaa kaakɛ yoyaa siŋ nɛ Confucius ɛnʊ kɛna Shu Lianghe pɩɣa, kɔɔ ɛpɩsɩ kajalaɣ tʊ weyi ekiza hɔzɩŋ tɔm yɔ.
Pɛnsilvaanii
Pɛnsilvaanii kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Niwu Jɛrsii, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ lɛ Ohiyo, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Tɛlawɛrɩ, Marilandii nɛ Firziinii ŋgʊ kɩwɛna wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa yɔ, tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩwɛna, piyele nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Niwu Yɔrki.
Pamaza Pɛnsilvaanii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 119 283 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 116 074 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 3 208 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 2.69  yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna looɖo ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa.
Pɛnsilvaanii taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Harrisburgh nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ. nɛ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Philadelphia.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ naalɛ ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 12 ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1787. Pɩnaɣ 2017 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 12 805 537 yɔ.
Koñakɩ
Koñakɩ kɛna feveku sʊlʊm sɔsɔm mɛsɛcɛba nabʊyʊ. Payaʊ se koñakɩ yɔ, pɩlɩna Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Koñakɩ yɔ tɩ-yɔɔ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kɛ pacala feveku sʊlʊm sɔsɔm pʊnɛ saʊ. Pɩɩkɛna alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa pañɩnaɣ se palɩzɩ feveku sʊlʊm sɔsɔm nabʊyʊ nɛ pɛlɛɣzɩna yaa pɔsɔzɩ pɔm sʊlʊm, tʊŋ nɩm sʊlʊm, geneva yaa jiini nɛ wisikii yɔ kɛ papaɣza koñakɩ feveku sʊlʊm sɔsɔm pʊnɛ kɛ saʊ. Pɔyɔɔdʊʊ se koñakɩ feveku sʊlʊm sɔsɔm pʊnɛ pɩfɩyɩna kʊdɔŋ nakʊyʊ ɛlɛ ɛyʊ ɛñɔ-kʊ tanaŋ tɛ pʊcɔ nɛ ɛtɔɔtɔɔta nabʊyʊ kɔyɔ, paa ɛwɛna ɖalaa kɛ ɛ-taa kɔyɔ, pasɩkɩ. Patasʊ yaʊ koñakʊ sʊlʊm sɔsɔm pʊnɛ yɔ se feveku sʊlʊm sɔsɔm pɩlɩɩna ɛzɩma pɩwɛ ɖoŋ yɔ pʊyɔɔ. Pacala koñakɩ sʊlʊm pʊnɛ saʊ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1909 kɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Koñakɩ yɔ tɩ-taa. Ɛlɛ agoza fenaɣ kacalaɣ evemiye wiye pɩnaɣ 1909 kɛ paɖʊ paɣtʊ nɛ pecɛlɛ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ pɩlɩɩna tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-yɔɔ pahayʊ tɩŋ weyi palakɩna sʊlʊm sɔsɔm pʊnɛ yɔ. Pɩɩlɩna tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-wɛtʊ yɔɔ kɛ tɛtʊ matʊ tʊʊzʊʊ yɔɔ tɩlɩyʊ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Henri Coquand yɔ ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ pɩnaɣ 1860. Kpaɣ ɖooo pɩnzɩ 1938 taa kɛ koñakɩ saya paza ɖɔʊ nɛ sʊlʊm sɔsɔm pʊnɛ pɩkpakʊ hɩla ndɩ ndɩ. Kacalaɣ taa lɛ sampañɩ sɔsɔʊ. Kɩkɛna kacalaɣ koñakɩ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ konakɩna mba payaɣ-wɛ se sampañɩ nɛ pɩwɛna feveku kɩmaɣnaʊ yɔ. Nabʊlɛ taa lɛ, sampañɩ cikpelu. Sampañɩ kʊnɛ kʊkʊ wɛ sampanɩna mba payaɣ-wɛ se sʊlʊm ɖoŋ ñɩmbʊ mbʊ payaɣ-pʊ se mɛɛsɛcɛba yɔ nɛ pɩwɛna feveku sɔsɔm yɔ. Lona wena a-taa pasaɣ koñakɩ sʊlʊm sɔsɔm pʊnɛ yɔ awɛ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ pɩlɩna ɛzɩma pasaɣ sʊlʊm mbʊ nɛ feveku ŋgʊ kɩwɛʊ pɩ-taa yɔ puyɔɔ. Ɛlɛ paɣtʊ wɛɛ pʊcɔ palɩzʊ lona ana yaa payaɣ hɩla ana.
Armenii
Armenii kɛna hɔɔ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Kokaazɩ Cikpeluu nɛ kɩwɛ EEraazii yɔ kɩ-taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩ-ɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, Turkii ɛjaɖɛ wɛna; hayʊ kiŋ lɛ, Zɔɔrzii; wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, Azɛrbayɩjanɩ piyele nɛ hadɛkiŋ lɛ, Iiraŋ ɛjɛɖɛ wɛna. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ Azii keteŋga taa ɛlɛ yee pɔcɔna ɖɩ-tɛ poliotiki tɔm, ɖɩ-ɛsa kuliye tɔm, ɖɩ-caanaʊ tɔm payɩ k;poyɔ, ɛyʊ naɣ se ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ Erɔpʊ keteŋga taa.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ papɩzɩʊ pɔtɔ se peeɖe kɛ krɩstʊ tɔm ñɔɔ yɔ. Ɖɩwɛ keteŋga kpeekpe aŋgba nɛ taabalɩyɛ kagaŋ sakɩyɛ taa. Aŋgba ana yaa kɩgaŋ ɩnʊ ɩ-taa kɔyɔ: ONU, Erɔpʊ tɛ Lɔŋpaasɩyɛ ŋgbɛɛ, Ajɛya wena awɛ a-tɩyɔɔ yɔ a-tɛ taabalɩyɛ ŋgbɛyɛ.
Salaŋ fenaɣ 21 pɩnaɣ 1991 kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ weyi palɩza-ɩ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2008 yɔ, ɛnʊʊ payaɣ se Serge Sargian nɛ komina yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ (pɩnaɣ 2016) payaɣ se Karen Karapetian. Paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa kpɛnda ɛyaa 131.
Ɖatʊ kɔyɛ yaa Sɔbɩtʊ (Vaccination)
Sɔbɩtʊ yaa yɔɔdaɣ nakɛyɛ taa pɔɖɔŋ se ɖatʊ pɩkɛ pɩyʊʊ mbʊ pɔsɔkɩ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ taa se pɩhaɣ-kɛ ɖoŋ kʊdɔmɩŋ weyi ɛɖɛʊ yɔ ɛ-cɔlɔ. Kɔyɛ lɩm mbʊ pɔsɔkɩ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ taa, pɩkɛ mayaɣ kaɖɩnayʊ weyi ɛkʊ kʊdɔŋ yɔ nɛ ɛtʊmɩyɛ lɛ, se ɛlʊbɩna ɛyʊ tomnaɣ taa kʊdɔmɩŋ weyi ɛsʊʊ yɔ.
Ɛyʊ tomnaɣ taa kʊdɔŋ lʊbɩnayʊ ɛ-nʊ ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ kajalaɣ kɛlɛ se ɛlʊbɩna kʊdɔmɩŋ weyi ɛkaɣ sʊʊ ɛyʊ tɔnʊʊ taa se ɛhayɩ ɛjandʊʊ yɔ. Pɩtɛ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ kʊdɔŋ kaɖɩnayʊ ɛ-nʊ ɛhaɣ ɖoŋ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ. Pʊ-nɔmɔʊ taa ɖatʊ kpɛnda naaza. Pʊdʊ weyi ɛɖɛʊ ɛlɛ, ɛfɛyɩ ɖoŋ yɔ nɛ pʊdʊ weyi ɛwɛna wezuu ɛlɛ ɛtakɩlɩ ɖoŋ yɔ nɛ ɖatʊ ndʊ tɩ-tɛ kɔyɛ fɛyɩ sɔtʊ yɔ. Kedeŋga taa ŋgbɛɛ ndɩ ɖɩ-lʊkɩ tɔnʊʊ taa alaafiya yɔɔ yɔ, ndɩ ɖɩ-yaa se OMS yɔɔdʊʊ se ɖatʊ kɛnɛ nɔmɔʊ tobi ŋgʊ kɩɩpɔzʊʊ liidiye sakɩyɛ yɔ. Ɖatʊ kɔyɛ ndɩ ɖɩ-sɩna nɛ pakaɣ kaʊ ɛsɔ kʊdɔŋ, yee ɖɩkpaɣ ɛyaa mɩnʊʊ kɔyɔ hiŋ nakʊ nɛ nakʊ sɔnɔ avema a-nɛ a-taa kalɩkalatʊ kʊdɔŋ nɛ kʊdɔmɩŋ sakɩyɛ pasaa ɖɔɖɔ nɛ kaapɩsɩtʊ sakɩyɛ pasɩ nɛ sɩm sakɩyɛ pɩlɩna liu tɛ fayʊ kʊdɔŋ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ tetenusi kʊɖɔmɩŋ nɛ kɔŋ kɔŋ kpezuu nɛ kizim kʊdɔŋ. Pɩnaɣ 2003 yeke koŋ pɔtɔŋ se kɔyɛ ɖatʊ ɖɔna ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ naa naalɛ pɩcɛzɩ pʊyɔɔ mbʊ yɔ.
Ɖajaa Louis Pasteur nɛ ɛ-cɔlɔ tʊma laɖaa Roux nɛ Duclaux yebina se patɩlɩ ɖatʊ tʊmɩyɛ laɣsɩ pɩtɩŋna Robert Koch tʊmaa labʊ yɔ, weyi ɛtamsa ŋñɩɩ wezɩŋ kʊdɔmɩŋ nɛ kʊdɔmɩŋ maɣmaɣ yɔ. Pɩtɛ tɩlɩyɛ ndɩ ɖɩ-sɩnɛ-ɩ nɛ ɛkpaɣ ɖoŋ ɛ-tʊmaa labʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ taa. Ɛ-tɛ kajalaɣ ɖatʊ kaakɛ heŋ tɛ kɩɖaʊ se ɛlʊbɩna aka kʊdɔŋ agozaa feznaɣ kɩyaakʊʊ kɩgbanzɩ ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1881 taa. Kajalaɣ ɛyʊ tɛ kɩdaʊ (ɛlɛ, Jenner tɛ ŋgʊ fɛyɩ pɩ-taa), kaakɛ piyaa cikpesi tɛ kɩɖaʊ pɩlɩna kpaŋ haɣ kʊdɔŋ pɩnaɣ 1885 kɛ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyaakʊʊ loɖo ŋgʊ wiye. Ɛlɛ ɖɩ-tasɔɔ se ɖatʊ pewila nɛ pana nɛ pʊcɔ se pɩɩlakɩ ɛyʊ nabʊyʊ. Haɣ kpandʊ ñasa evebʊpɔɣʊ Joseph Meister (kpaŋ haɣ kʊdɔŋ kaawɛ hɛɛɛ ɛ-ñʊʊ taa).
Ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ
Ɖɩha heelim taa kiɖe hɔɔlʊʊ kifezuu hɩɖɛ se ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ, ɛlɛ palɩza hɩɖɛ nɖɩ nɛ tɔmpe naalɛ, palɩzɩ-yɛ nɛ krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa ὀξύς, ñɩmɩŋ nɛ γείνομαι, malʊlʊʊ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ wɛtʊ natʊyʊ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩ wɛʊ walaa yɔ kiɖe nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa yɔ (Lavoisier yɔɔdʊʊ ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ tɔm) taa ñɩmɩŋ wondu ndʊ tɩkpɛndɩɣ tɩ-tɩ wondu lɛɛtʊ. Mbʊ lɛ, ɖɩkaɣ yaʊ ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ fefeku kiɖe nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛ kpeɣluu nɛ sɔŋaɣ wondu.
Sakɩyɛ taa lɛ, keŋga kpeekpe taa ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ kɛ pʊtʊ naatozo tʊ eyi ɛɖɔ piŋ ɛzɩ Hɩdrɔzɛnɩ nɛ Hɛlɩyɔm yɔ, ɛnʊ kɩlɩna tɔyʊ tɛtʊ pɔɔɖɛ taa.
Ɖooo kiɖe tɛɛ lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ taafɛyɩna dɩyɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ. Ɛnɛ ʊnʊyɔ ɛma ɛ-tɩ pɩtɩŋna mʊntʊsʊʊ manaʊ tɛ mbʊ tɩŋ, aɖɔnlɛlɛɛ nɛ ŋñɩɩ cɛkaɣ tɩnaa, pʊtʊnaa pɛnɛ palɩɣ yɔ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ miiliyaarɩ waa 2,8 mbʊ yɔ. Dɩyɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ kʊʊ kpɩna wena atɔsɔɔlɩ heelim yɔ, pa-taa kɔyɔ kajalaɣ pʊtʊna mba palɛɛ lɩɣ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ yɔ ɛlɛ kɩwɛɛ wazaɣ siŋ pʊtʊnaa mba pefezuu yɔ pɛ-tɛ, pa-taa kɛlɛ mbʊ payi pɩkɩloɩ ɖɔʊ nɛ pɩwɛna wezuu nɔɔnɔɔ yɔ.
Yannick Noah
Yannick Noah na wɩsɩ kɛ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 18 wiye kɛ pɩnaɣ 1960 Ardɛnɩ tɛtʊ taa, Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛ-tʊma ɖɔɔ: ɛkɛ hendu teyu, pombo maɖʊ nɛ pombo ŋgʊ pamakɩ-kʊ nɛ paabaanaa yɔ kɩ-maɖʊ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɖooo ɛzɩ ɛpaɣzʊ mabʊ teenisi yɔ, ɛnʊ kɛŋna kacalaɣ-tʊ kɛ kɛgbɛyaɣ ŋga paalabɩ-kɛ pɩnaɣ 1983 nɛ payaa-kɛ se Roland-Garros yɔ keɖeeɖe. Mbʊ yebina nɛ halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ e-yeke ɛ-hɩɖɛ sɛɣʊna Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɩŋga taa se ɛmʊ nimiye nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Grand Chelem yɔ. Ɛmʊ samtʊ nima wena yɔ, atalɩ ɛzɩ 23 yɔ. Ɛ-yɔɔ yɔ kɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ pɩzaa nɛ ɖɩkɛna kalalaɣ-tʊ kɛgbɛyɩsɩ ndɩ ndɩ taa, ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 1991 nɛ 1996. Mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɛnɛŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Fransɩɩ de Fed Cup kɛ pɩnaɣ 1997. Ɛwɛ pombo ŋgʊ pamakɩna-kʊ nɛ paabaanaa yɔ pɩ-ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2005; nɛ payaɣ-ɖɩ se International Tennis Hall of Fame. Salaŋ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 2015 taa kɛ ɛlɛɣzɩ Arnaud, ɛlɛ ñaakɛna Fransɩ pombo maɖaa nɔɔ yɔɔ tʊ, nɛ kɛgbɛyaɣ ŋga paañɔɔza nɛ payaɣ-kɛ se Coup Davis yɔ, ɛhayɩsɩ camɩyɛ e-koobiya nɛ pɛkɛna kacalaɣ mba pɩnaɣ 2017. Saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 2016 taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛlɛɣzɩ Amélie Mauresmo nɛ ɛkɛna ɖɔɖɔ France de Fed Cup nɔɔyɔɔ ɖɛyʊ pʊkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna ɖomaɣ fenaɣ 2018. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1991 kɛ ɛpaɣzɩ hendu teu nɛ ɛtɛŋgaɣ ɛ-taa ɖɔɖɔ camɩyɛ nɛ ɛmʊwaɣ kʊjɔŋ ndɩ ndɩ kɛgbɛyɩsɩ sakɩyɛ taa ɖɔɖɔ. Pʊwayɩ yɔ ɛpɩsa Fransɩ pombo maɖaa nɔsɩ yɔɔ ɖɛyaa ndɩ ndɩ. Ɛ-caa kɛ Kameruni ɛjaɖɛ taa pombo maɖʊ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ nɛ payaɣ-ɩ se Zacharie Noah. Ɛ-pɛlɔ kɛŋna Joakim Noah, nɛ ɛekɛ Fransɩɩ nɛ ɛlɛ makɩ nesi pombo.
1915
Pɩnaɣ 1915 kɛ pɩnaɣ 1915 ñɩŋga kɛ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ yɔ. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ taa lɛ, pɩnaɣ 1915 kɛŋna hiu nɛ kagbanzɩ ñɩŋga. Kɛwɛ pɩnzɩ 1914 nɛ 1916 hɛkʋ taa. =1915 taa lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ = Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ sɩnɛ yɔ sɩlaba :
Kofi Annan
Palʊla Kofi Atta Annan kɛɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩiyakʊ litoozo ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1938 kɛ Kumasi tɛtʊ taa, Kana ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛsɩ Pernii tɛtʊ taa, Suwisi ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ kɩyèɛna fenaɣ 18 pɩnaɣ 2018, ɛɛwɛna waɣsɩ hiu nɛ naalɛ (pɩnzɩ 80). Ɛ-hɩɖɛ siŋŋŋ kɔyɔ: Kofi Atta Annan. Ɛlaba sukuli camɩyɛ nɛ ɛmʊ e-sukuli tɛm takayɩ sakɩyɛ. Ɛnʊ kɛŋna keteŋga kpeekpe ajɛya ɖama nɩnaʊ ŋgbɛyɛ takayaɣ taa mayʊ lʊbɛ ñɩnʊ nɛ ɛnʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɛkɛŋna kacalaɣ tʊ weyi ɛlɩ ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊ ana a-taa yɔ.
Palɩza-ɩ se ɛkɛ takayaɣ ŋga kamayʊ kɛ saŋgayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 17 wiye pɩnaɣ 1996 nɛ ɛpaɣza ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ kɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kacalaɣ wiye pɩnaɣ 1997. Ɛtɛma ɛ-tɛ kacalaɣ ɖoŋ weyi ɛɛwɛna se ɛma takayaɣ taa yɔ lɛ, pɔñɔ-ɩ nɛ patasɩ-ɩ lɩzɩʊ kɛ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ 29 wiye pɩnaɣ 2001 nɛ ɛtɛm-ɖɩ saŋgayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ kʊkʊyʊ ŋgʊ wiye. Weyi ɛlɛɣza yɔ ɛnʊ lɛ Boutros Boutros-Ghali nɛ weyi ɛlɛɣza ɛnʊ Koffi yɔ ɛlɛ lɛ Ban Ki-moon. Paha Kofi Atta Annan kɛ Lanhɛzɩyɛ Lʊɖʊ samtʊ Nimiye pɩnaɣ 2001.
Reyikzaavikii
Reyikzaavikii kɛna Islandii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ 250 yɔ nɛ tɛtʊ ñʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se arktikii yɔ nɛKrowelandii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ndʊ payaɣ tʊtʊ se Nuukii yɔ kilomɛtanaa cabɩ kɛ hayʊ kiŋ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ Reyikzaavikii tɛtʊ tʊnɛ ndʊ kɩlɩna wɛʊ ɖooo hayʊ kiŋ.
Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa nɛ tɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ tɩŋ hɛtʊ ñɛwɛ ndɩ ndɩ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ pɩwɛɛ ɖeu nɛ cɔnaʊ kamaɣ fɛyɩ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ keteŋga kpeekpe ajɛyaa kpeekpe taa lɛ, tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ kɛ palɩzaa se tɩ-taa kɛ tɩŋ hatʊ kɩla wɛʊ ɖeu.
Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1786 taa lɛ, peeɖe ɛyaa kaawɛ ɛzɩ ceeka 302 yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1800 taa ɛyaa kaawɛ ɛzɩ 600 yɔ, pɩnaɣ 2008 taa lɛ pɛwɛɛ ɛzɩ 117 898 yɔ pa-taa lɛ abalaa kpɛnda 58 859 nɛ halaa ñɛwɛɛ 59 039.
Islandii ɛjaɖɛ tɩŋga taa lɛ, peeɖe ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ nɛ wayɩ nɛ wayɩ kɩgalʊʊ ŋgʊ pakalaa yɔ, pɛwɛ ɛzɩ 200 000 yɔ. Tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa kɛ palakɩ komina keediizasɩ sɔsɔsɩ, ñɩɩtʊ sɔsɔtʊ lʊbʊ; peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ ɛsɩyɛ ekpena nɛ hayɩsʊʊ kɩlɩ wɛʊ pɩnɛ tadɩyɛ nɛ tɔsʊʊ nɛ ɛsɩndaa wobu kɩla wɛʊ.
Kotonzi taa haɖaʊ
Kotonzi taa haɖaʊ kɛna haɖaʊ ŋgʊ pakaɣ kaaŋ ɛzɩ pɩlaaɣ nɛ pɩkazɩ haba wena a-yɔɔ pahayʊ yɔ. Kaaŋ weyi pakaɣ mbʊ yɔ, ɩnʊ payaɣ se kotonzi. Kaaŋ ɩfɛyɩ se pakaɣ-ɩ kɔyɔ, tɛtʊ pakpazʊ tilima tilima yaa ɖɔɖɔ papɩzʊ pakaɣ ɖaŋ nɛ pɩkazɩ haba yeke nɛ pahayɩ a-yɔɔ. Kotonzi taa haɖaʊ kʊnɛ kɩkɛna ñɔzɩtʊ ndʊ pɔñɔɔzɩɣna hayɩm camɩyɛ se lɩm ekpe nɛ pɩtaakpaɣ tɔɔnaɣ yem yɔ. Haɖaʊ ŋgʊ kiyeki nɛ lɩm sʊʊ tɛtʊ camɩyɛ. Hayɩm mbʊ pɩwɛ pʊŋ taa yaa piyisi yɔɔ yɔ, pɩ-taa kɛ pakɩlʊ kotonzi nzɩ kaʊ. Pɔtɔŋ ɖɔɖɔ se kotonzi hayɩm.
Kabɩyɛ taa pɔyɔɔdʊ kotoŋga tɔm yɔ, pɩkɛna tɛtʊ ndʊ ɛyʊ tɩyɩ-tʊ yɔ. Kaaʊ kɛ pesikaɣ lɛlʊ nɛ lɛlʊ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa kamaɣ taa. Mbʊ yebina pɔyɔɔdʊ kotoŋga tɔm kɔyɔ, ɛyʊ nɩʊ se pɩkɛna tɛtʊ ndʊ nɔɔyʊ tɩyɩ-tʊ yɔ. Kotonzi hayɩm kɛna ɖɔɖɔ hayɩm mbʊ pɩwɛ piyiyaɣ yɔɔ yɔ yaa kɛcɛlɛŋga taa yɔ. Papɩzʊ pakaɣ kamaɣ kotonzi taa haɖaʊ nɛ wɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ. Kacalaɣ taa lɛ, pɩpɩzʊ pɩkɛna tɩŋ kɛ pɔsɔʊ kamasɩ yɔɔ kpɛɛ yaa kaaŋ kɛ pakaɣ. Nabʊlɛ taa pɩpɩzʊ se tilimiye kɛ pamaɣ hayɩm kpɛɛɛ nɛ pɩta yaa kamanaʊ kɛ pakaɣ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, yee hayɩm ɛpaza pɩwɛɛ cɛlɛmɛɛɛ kɔyɔ, patala mbʊ yɔ, lɩm kpakʊ tɔɔnaɣ nɛ tɛtʊ kpeekpe.
Kotonzi taa haɖaʊ kʊnɛ ɖenɖe pʊŋ wɛɛ yɔ. Peɣɖe pakaɣ kotonzi se tɛŋ ɩtaakɩlɩ tɛtʊ kpaɣʊ yaa ɖɔɖɔ tɛtʊ ɛhaɣ lɩm camɩyɛ nɛ paa wɩlɩŋ ɛkpaɣ kɔyɔ, nikaɣ ɛwɛɛ pazɩ. Ɖenɖe pakɩlʊ kotnzi nzɩ kaʊ yɔ, pɩwɛ nabʊlɛ taa kayɩ: mɔʊ ɖɩ-haɖɛ nɛ tɔɔnasɩ lɛɛsɩ haɖaʊ ɖeɖe. Pakaaʊ kotonzi kɛ kɛcɛlɛnzɩ taa yɔ, pɩwazʊ nɛ ɖenɖe pahayʊ yɔ peeɖe ɖɔɔ nɛ nikaɣ ñɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ fɛndɛlɛɛɛ. Mbʊ pɩcɛyʊ pazɩ kotonzi taa haɖaʊ yɔ kɛlɛ se, ñɩtʊ ñɔʊ kotonzi taa lɛ, haɖaʊ wɛ kaɖɛ mbʊ pʊyɔ yɔ tɩkpɛzʊ wɛ kaɖɛ. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, paa ɛzɩmtaa, kaaŋ pɩyʊ nɛ pɩkɛna kɩcɛyʊ se haɖʊ ɛwɛɛ kaʊ yɔɔ paa ɛsɩmtaa.
Kalɩzaɣ kpaʊʊ
Kalɩzaɣ kpaʊʊ, ɖɔɖɔ payaa se Mesmer lɩmaɣza, pɩkɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kɩlɩzɩyɛ pɩlɩna fɛbɩtʊ kɔdɔmɩŋ nɩɩyɛ hɔɔlɩŋ taa kpaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 18 tɛmtʊ alɩwaatʊ nɛ kpaɣɖʊ 19 pazɩyɛ wɛɛ kɛ Wɩsɩ Ɖɩɖʊyɛ ajɛyɛ nɛ hali pɩpazɩ pɩwazɩ piŋ ɖɔkɔtɔ naa tɛ, maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa tɛ. Caama ɖɔkɔtɔ Franz-Anton Mesmer tɩnaa lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɔm pɩnaɣ 1773.
Pɩkɛ ɛyaa hɛkʊ taa tɔm piŋ, kɛlɛ kalɩzaɣ kpaʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ pazɩ pɩkɔna kɔkɔɖɛ siŋ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, kɩ nɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ naa pɩlʊʊ ŋgʊ kizina laɣsɩ nɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ naa pɩnaɣ 1784.
Caama ɖɔkɔtɔ Franz-Anton Mesmer, weyi esusa Vienne pɩnaɣ 1766 ɛzɩma wɩsɩ cɔʊʊ tɩyɩnzɩ tɔm ɛyʊ yɔɔ, naɣ piŋ kalizaɣ kpaʊʊ tʊma wena paatɛma-yɛ labʊ pʊcɔ ɛnʊ alɩwaatʊ talɩ kaawisa-ɩ. Ɛ-takayaɣ taa, Mesmer kpaɣ ɖɔɖɔ Ɛnglɩsɩ ɖɔkɔtɔ weyi paya-ɩ se Richard Maed lɩmaɣza nɛ ɛlabɩna tʊmɩyɛ piŋ. Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1775 lɛ, wiyaʊ pɩɣa kɩlɩzaɣ Maximilien 3 Joseph Bavière tʊ kpa ɛyaa nabayɛ se pefeŋiɣ cɛjɛ Johann Joseph Gassner alewa lɩzʊʊ tɔm yɔɔ. Ɛyaa mba paya Mesmer Munih.
Agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 27 pɩnaɣ 1775 lɛ ɛwɩlɩ ɛ-tɩ mbʊ se ɛwɛ ɖoŋ se ɛpɩsɩ ɛlɩzɩ yaa ɛmʊʊzɩ laɣsɩ ndɩ ndɩ ɛlɛ ɛɛlakɩna alewa nɛ tʊmɩyɛ. Teɣfema lɛ, tɔm yɔɔ kandɩyaa ɛsɩnda nɛ sɔsaa ɛsɩnda ekuli nɛ eheyiɣ ɛyaa Gassner wazaɣ ɛ-kʊdɔndɩnaa nɛ kalɩzaɣ kpaʊʊ ɖoŋ kɛlɛ ɛtɛlɛyɩ mbʊ yaa ɛtatɩlɩ mbʊ.
Seɣtiyaɣ
Nɩŋgbaŋʊʊ taa tɛ nɩtʊ taa lɛ ɖɩnaɣ seɣtiyasi sakɩyɛ, nɩŋgbaŋʊʊ nɩʊ, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ yɔɔaɣ nakɛyɛ yeki se ɛyʊ ɛña yɔ, hɔɔlʊʊ lɛɛkʊ lɛ natʊ pɩlɩna ɛsɩyɛ yɔɔ nabʊyʊ taa ɛyʊ naɣ nabʊyʊ kɛlɛm yaa mʊntʊsʊʊ nakʊyʊ, tomnaɣ yɔɔ tukinau nabʊyʊ taa pɩyʊ ɛsɔba-ŋ ŋñaŋ, tomnaɣ taa nɩʊ ɛzɩ soŋaɣ lakʊʊ ɛyʊ yɔ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ mɔɔŋ tɛɛ nɩʊ yee ɛyʊ nɩʊ sɔŋ nɩɩyɛ yaa kpɩnɛ nɩʊ sɔŋ yɔ.
Losuu tɛ seɣtiyaɣ kɛ; alɩwaatʊ ndʊ papɩzɩɣ pala se ɛyʊ ɛpɩzɩ ɛyɔɔdɩ pɩɩtakɛ ɛ-maɣmaɣ e-fetenum cɔlɔ yɔ, kɛlɛ ɛɛpɩzɩ se ɛna mbʊ pɩlaba yɔ. Ajɔɔla tʊmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ ɖeɖe lɛ, papɩzɩɣ polu seɣtiyaɣ (ɛzɩ ɖɩkpaɣ takʊʊ tɛ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ ɖeɖe mbʊ yɔ yaa pɩzɩɣ pɩwɛna pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɖɔɖɔ.
Wɩsɩ cejewiye
Wɩsɩ cejewiye kɛ ɖe-kedeŋa kanɛ kɛ-tɛ sisitɛɛmɩ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se mbʊ pʊcɔ wɩsɩ kpɛɛɛ nɛ pɩta yɔ. Yee mbʊ ɖɩnaɣ se wɩsɩ wɛ kedeŋa hɛkʊ taa ɖeyi ɖeyi. Tɛtʊ posina wɩsɩ posinaʊ mbʊ yɔ piyekina nɛ ɛyʊ pɩzɩɣ ɛcakɩ wezuu. Tɩtakɩlɩ ñɔtɩnaʊ wɩsɩ kpam. Tɩɩkɩlɩ ñɔtɩnaʊ wɩsɩ yɔ, ɛyʊ kañaɣ mulu mulu. Tɩtakɩlɩ posinaʊ wɩsɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Tɩɩkɩlɩ posinaʊ ɖɔɖɔ wɩsɩ yɔ, ɛyʊ kapɩsɩ ɖompiye. Mbʊ pɩkpɛndɩ kpɛm nɛ payaɣ se wɩsɩ cejewiye yɔ, mbʊʊ yɔ : tɩnzɩ nɛ wɩsɩ nzɩ sɩ-maɣmaɣ nɛ ɛsɔdaa wondu lɛɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ. Tɩnzɩ nɛ ɛsɔdaa wondu lɛɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ ndʊ, tɩcɔʊ wɩsɩ nɛ tɩtaŋ. Planɛɛtɩ waa lutuzo cɔʊna wɩsɩ nɛ pataŋ. Mbʊ payaɣ se sateliiti waa yɔ, papa ñɛkpɛndɩ mɩnʊʊ nɛ nɩɩnʊwa nɛ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kakgaanzɩ (175). Sateliiti waa mba payaɣ se «lunnes» waa. Planɛɛtɩ waa cikpema ñɛkpɛndɩ kagbaanzɩ (5). Mbʊ payaɣ se astroyiidi waa yɔ, papa talɩ miiliyaarɩ waa ndɩ ndɩ. Planɛɛtɩ waa cikpema lɛlaa ñɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Mbʊ payaɣ se komɛɛtɩ (comètes) waa yɔ, papa ñɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Planɛɛtɩ waa hɛkɩŋ taa mʊzʊʊ ñɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Wɩsɩ cejewiye wɛ mbʊ payaɣ se Fʊwa lakɩtee yɔ pɩ-taa. Wɩsɩ cejewiye posina Fʊwa lakɩtee ɛzɩ 8kpc yɔ mbʊ yɔ.
Mbʊ pɩkpɛndaa nɛ payaɣ se wɩsɩ cejewiye yɔ, mbʊʊ yɔ : wɩsɩ nzɩ sɩ-maɣmaɣ nɛ planɛɛtɩ teliiriki (planètes telluriques) waa. Papa kpɛndɩ naanza. Mbʊ payaɣ se astroyiidi waa yɔ papa ñɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Wondu cikpetu ndʊ tɩkɛ kaaŋ yɔ, ndʊ kpɛndɩna nɛ payaɣ se astroyiidi waa. Tɩwɛ ɛzɩ tambaɖɛ yɔ. Planɛɛtɩ waa sɔsaa ñɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Papa ñɛkpɛndɩ kagbaanzɩ. Pa-taa lɛ, naalɛ taa wɛ kaazɩ (gaz) nɛ naalɛ lɛlaa taa ñɛwɛɛ klaasɩ (glaces). Tambaɖɛ lɛɛɖɛ ñɛwɛɛ. Ɖɩɖɩ payaɣ se «Kuiper tambaɖɛ». Wondu ndɩ ndɩ ndʊ tɩ-taa wɛ klaasɩ (glaces) yɔ, ndʊ ñɛwɛna tambaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩɖɩ taa. Heelim sɔsɔm naalɛ makɩ. Payaɣ lɛɛbʊ se faaɣ sɔɔlɛɛrɩ (vents solaires) nɛ lɛɛbʊ se faaɣ kalakɩtiiki (Vents galactiques). Heelim naalɛ mbʊ, pɩmakɩ nɛ pɩsɩɩnɩ ɖenɖe yɔ payaɣ se heeliyopoosi. Heelim mbʊ pʊ-ñʊʊ yɔɔ lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ mɩndʊ ndʊ payaɣ se Oorɩtɩ mɩndʊ (nuage d’Oort) yɔ. Wɩsɩ cejewiye posini wɩsɩ ɛzɩ mbʊ payaɣ se anee-liimiyɛɛrɩ (année-lumière) yɔ kʊɖʊmaɣ (1) yaa naalɛ (2) mbʊ yɔ.
Planɛɛtɩ waa mba pɔcɔʊ wɩsɩ cejewiye nɛ pataŋ yɔ, mbaa yɔ. Ɖɩpɩlɩɣ-wɛ, kpaɣna planɛɛtɩ ŋgʊ kɩkɩla ñɔtɩnaʊ wɩsɩ cejewiye yɔ nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna ŋgʊ kɩkɩla posinaʊ wɩsɩ cejewiye nɖɩ yɔ. Planɛɛtɩ waa mba, mbaa yɔ :
Planɛɛtɩ waa wɛna mbʊ payaɣ se sateliiti waa yɔ, Mɛɛrɩkiiri nɛ Feeniisi pɛfɛyɩna. Sateliiti waa mba pɔcɔʊ ɛsɔdaa nɛ pataŋ. Mbʊ payaɣ se mʊzʊʊ aanoo waa sisitɛɛmɩ (système d’anneaux de poussière) yɔ pa nɛ wondu cikpetu lɛɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ pɔcɔ planɛɛtɩ waa naanza nabɛyɛ nɛ pata. Room caanaʊ tɔm ñakpaɣ Tɛtʊ se tiɖeke lɛ planɛɛtɩ. Pakpaɣ planɛɛtɩ waa lɛlaa nɛ payaa se ɛsɔnaa abalɩñɩma nɛ halɩñɩma cikpema nabɛyɛ.
Planɛɛtɩ waa cikpema kagbaanzɩ nabɛyɛ wɛɛ. Pakpaɣ-wɛ ɖɔɖɔ se pɛkɛ ɛsɔnaa cikpema nabɛyɛ. Planɛɛtɩ waa mba, mbaa yɔ : Serɛɛsɩ (Cérès) nɛ Pliitɔɔ (Pluton) nɛ Eriisi (Eris) nɛ Makemakee (Makémaké) nɛ Homeyaa (Hauméa). Planɛɛtɩ waa cikpema panɛ pa-taa lɛ, Erisi kɩlɩna paɣlʊʊ.
Ɖaɣlakɩŋ (longeur)
Payaɣ mbʊ se ɖaɣlakɩŋ (longueur) yɔ, paa wonuu kɩlɩzʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛna kɩ-ɖaɣlakɩŋ. Wondu natʊyʊ ɖaɣlakɩŋ pɩzɩɣ ɛkɛ kʊɖʊmʊm, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ wondu ndʊ tɩɖaɣlɩ kɩmaŋ. Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, ɖaɣlakɩŋ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ.