cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Rɔdɩyɔm
Hɩɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlɩna krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se ῥόδον (rhodon) pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se kela sɛmɩŋ yaa kɩsɛcɛzʊʊ. Ɛyʊ weyi ɛlɩ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-yɔɔ yɔ hana-ɩ hɩɖɛ pɩlɩna rʊtɩyɔm pʊtʊnaa nabɛyɛ sɛmɩŋ caʊʊ yɔɔ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ hɩdrɔzɛnɩ kalɩkɔdaɣ yɔ.
Krɛkɩ nɛ latɛŋ tɔmpiye yaa Ɛnglɩsɩ taa se rɔtɩyɔm kaalɩ nɛ fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ lɛ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1805 alɩwaatʊ taa Wollaston tʊma tɔm kɛdɩɣ taa, pana-yɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ pɩnaɣ pɩnaɣ tɔm heyuu takayasɩ taa. Sɛzɩyaa mba palakɩna-wɛ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ lɔɔɖa wena paɖʊ a-taa karasɩm yɔ platɩnɩ kpɛndʊʊ ñɩɣɖɛ nɛ paladɩyɔm nɛ rɔdɩyɔm. Palakɩ-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ setiyu tʊma sɔsɔna taa nɛ ɖɔɖɔ pʊtʊ weyi ɛkɛ miŋ sɔsɔŋ sazɩyʊ (eyoluu yee ɛsa miŋ pɩtalɩ 1 963,85 °C, yaa 1 963,85 °C), halɩ pɩkɩlɩ mbʊ.
Kanzasii
Kanzasii kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Misuurii, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ lɛ Koloradoo hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Oklahoma yɔ tɩwɛna.
Pamaza Kanzasii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 2 13 283 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 211 900 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 1 196 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 0,96 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 45 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa.Kanzasii taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Topeka nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ. nɛ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Wiziitaa.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 34 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ 29 nkʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1861. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 2 853 118 yɔ.
Payaɣ Kanzasii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Jeff Colyer (R) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Pat Roberts (R) nɛ Jerry Moran (R).
Kpɩna wena atuu a-lotu yɔɔ yɔ
Kpɩna kɩkala yaa kpɩna wena atuu a-lotu yɔɔ yɔ, Kpɩna kɩkala yaa kpɩna wena atuu a-lotu yɔɔ yɔ, pɩkɛ tataa kpɩna wena aɖaɣlaa nɛ a-yɔɔ wɛɛ pɔɔya yɔ. Paa pɛwɛna tɔnɩŋ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ kpɩna lɛŋa kɔyɔ nɛ pɔ-yɔɔ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ pɔɔya yɔ, nɔɔnɔɔ kpɩna kɩkala, kpaɣ ñɩŋ, caafela mbʊ yɔ pɛwɛ ndɩ sumasi. Ɛlɛ ñɩŋ pɩlʊʊ kɔyɔ papa nɛ sumasi nasɩyɛ palɩ ɖama nɛ pɛwɛɛ ndɩ nɛ kpaɣ ɛzɩ kamasɩ nɛ caafela mbʊ yɔ. Mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɖɩkpaɣ kpɩna kɩkala ana a-tɩŋa yɔ pɛfɛyɩ ɖɔɖɔ pa-tɩŋa ɖeyi ɖeyi, pɩwɛ ndɩ ndɩ.
Kajalaɣ kpɩna wena paɖʊ-yɛ pɩlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa yɔ alɩ tɛtʊ yɔɔ ɖooo malaa yaa akaa wɛɛ taa, nɛ pɩkpɛndɩna ɖɔɖɔ ɖooo pɩdaa coluu huɖuu wɛɛ. Kajalaɣ sɩɣlɛŋgbɛm mɔɔ tɩnaa mba papɩza pacaɣ tɛtʊ yɔɔ cɩna, pɛtɛyɩ pa-tɩ nɛ palɩɩ kpɩna ndɩ ndɩ sakɩyɛ. Sɔnɔ kpɩna wena atuu a-lotu yɔɔ atalɩ kpɩna 9000 mbʊ yɔ pɩnaɣ 2011. Kpɩnɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-hɩɖɛ tɔbʊʊ se pʊtʊ weyi etuu e-lotu yɔɔ yɔ. Yatʊ ndʊ tɩwɩlɩɣ se pɩkɛ Kiɖe tɛɛ ɖʊm nɛ ɖɩlɩna latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa mbʊ se reptare pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se lotu yɔɔ tuu.
Pɩcɔ nɛ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ pɛ-tɛ pɩlɩtʊ tɔm lɛ, Aristote kaatɛma lɩzɩɣ kpɩna hɔɔlɩŋ 50 nɛ paya-yɛ kpɩna kitutunaa (ερπετόν). Ɛlɩzɩɣ-yɛ com com a-taa kɔyɔ, kamasɩ ñɩnzɩ nɛ sɩ-hɔɔlʊʊ, ñɩŋ nɛ ɛ-hɔɔlʊʊ, ɖʊmaa ñɛwɛɛ nɛ sayɛɛ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛɖʊ tʊkaɣ pa-nɛ kpakpasɩ, sumasi nɛ naŋgbanzɩ naanaza tɩnaa lalaa. Ɛ-tɛ pɩlʊʊ paɣtʊ taa lɛ, sɩɣlɛŋgbɛm kpɩna ana nɛ calɩm ñɩnaa ana wɛ ndɩ pɩlɩna a-tomnasi taa wondu natʊyʊ naa cɔlɔ (kpaɣ hʊzʊŋ, piyuu huɖuu, loyuu tiku huɖuu mbʊ yɔ) nɛ ɖɔɖɔ pɛ-tɛ wɛtʊ pɔ-yɔɔ pɔɔya, pa-nsʊlɩmɩyɛ nɛ pɛ-tɛ yalaa ɖʊʊ.
Caafeɖe kɛ kpɩna kututunaa taa kpɩnɛ kɩbɩnɖɛ, ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ yɔ patalɩ pe-tiiye taa ɛzɩ 330 mbʊ yɔ nɛ pekpeɣli-wɛ com com hɔŋ 14. Pɛwɛ ndɩ nɛ pasɩma-wɛ nɛ pɔ-pɔyɩŋ weyi ehuuza pɔ-yɔɔ yɔ nɛ pɔ-tɔɔyaa ɛpɩzɩ se pɔtɔɔ-wɛ yɔ. Ɛ nɛ ɛnʊ yɔ ɛwɛna pɔɔɖɛ laŋɩyɛ taa nɛ siɣye taa nɛ pɔɔyaa ana a-naalɛ atamsɩna ɖama nɛ mɔɔ kondoloko naa naalɛ. Pɔɔyaa ana a-naalɛ a-yɔɔ wɛ cikpenaa naayɛ tayi tayi kɛ kpɩnɛ yɔɔ. Caafelaa fɛyɩna kela kɛlɛ ɛwɛ njʊyɛ nɛ ɖɩ-taa pʊtʊ weyi ɛsɛtɩɣ ɛ-tɔɔnasɩ yɔ. Caafelaa wɛ paalee, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɖɩnaɣ se naayɛ wɛ tɛtʊ yɔɔ, lɛɛna ñɛwɛɛ lɩm taa, lɛɛna ñɛwɛɛ pɔsɩ nɔsɩ kpɛɛɛ paa ɛzɩmta kɛlɛ pʊcɔ ŋna-yɛ tɛtʊ maɣmaɣ yɔɔ ɛlɩ yalaa ɖʊʊ.
Harvard sukulɩ kɩtɛzʊʊ
Harvard sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ (Harvard University), yaa kɛlɛʊ taa payaɣ se Harvard, kɩkɛ Amerika mɛwɛ mantɩyɔɔ sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ nɛ kɩwɛɛ Cambridge tɛtʊ taa, Boston kɩjaʊ yɔɔ tɛtʊ natʊyʊ lɛ mbʊ yɔ, Massachusetts taa. Patʊlɩ-kʊ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 28 pɩnaɣ 1636, pɩkɛ sukuli ŋgʊ kɩ-taa pawɩlɩɣ sukuli sɔsɔʊ tɔm, kɩkɛ ɖɔɖɔ ŋgʊ kɩkɩlɩ pɩnʊʊ yɔ kɛ Amerika taa. Kɩ-taa sukuli piyaa sɔsɔsɩ 70 mbʊ yɔ hiɣ Nobel liidiye kɩhɛyʊʊ.
Sukʊlɩ kɩ-taa wɩlɩyaa kpɛnda 2497 nɛ pawɩlɩɣ sukuli piyaa 6715 kɛ kajalaɣ tindimiye (Ɛnglɩsɩ kʊnʊŋ taa undergraduate) nɛ sukuli piyaa sɔsɔsɩ tindimiye naalɛ tɛ kɛ ɛyaa 12424 (graduate). Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 2004 lɛ pakalɩɣ ajɛyɛ lɛɛna taa sukuli piyaa nzɩ sɩkɔma kɩ-taa kɔyɔ pɛkpɛndɩ sukuli piyaa 132, palɩna ajɛyɛ ndɩ ndɩ taa.
Kɔlɛɛzɩ ŋgʊ keekee ɛzɩ ɖɩsɩm-kʊ sɔnɔ yɔ, patʊlɩ-kʊ pɩnaɣ 1636, pɩtɩŋna paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa caja nakʊyʊ yɔɔ Massachusetts tɛtʊ taa (Massachusetts Bay Colony). Paya-kʊ hɩɖɛ se Harvard pɩlɩna mbʊ paɖʊ hɩɖɛ John Harvard, Charlestown tʊ, ɛɛkɛ pastor siɣsiɣ tʊ weyi pɩnaɣ 1638 eyebina ɛ-takayasɩ kɩkalɩsɩ ɖɩɣa nɛ ɛ-ñɩm hɔɔlʊʊ kɛ sukuli kɩfalʊʊ ŋgʊ yɔ. Kɩ-tɛ pazɩtʊ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, sukuli piyaa sɔsɔsɩ kaakpɛnda nakʊ yeke nɛ wɩlɩyʊ kʊyʊm, Nathanel Eaton.
Sukuli ɖɩna paɣlʊʊ mbʊ lɛ, wɩlɩtʊ wɛɛ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ wɩlɩyaa sɔsaa kɔŋ sakɩyɛ sakɩyɛ, pa-taa kɔyɔ keɣsi tʊ Henry Longfellow (1807-1882) nɛ James Russell Lowell (1817-1891), ɛyʊ yɔɔ lɩmaɣza wɩlɩyaa William James (1842-1910), George Santayana (1863-1952) nɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ tɩlɩyʊ Louis Agassiz (1807-1873).
Pɩnaɣ
Pɩnaɣ kɛna alɩwaatʊ taa alɩwaayʊʊ nakʊyʊ nɛ kɩkɛna fenasɩ hiu nɛ naalɛ. Pʊtɔɔbʊʊ se pɩnaɣ taa lɛ, kpɩtaŋ 52 wɛna. Yee pɛtɛyɩ pɩnaɣ hɛkʊ taa kɛ nabʊlɛ taa kɔyɔ fenasɩ looɖo wɛna nɛ yee pɩkɛ nabʊnza taa pɛtɛyaa kɔyɔ panaɣ fenasɩ naadozo. Pɩnaɣ taa fenasɩ kɔyɔ:
Pʊtɔbʊʊ se, pɩnaɣ taa lɛ fenasɩ naadozo wɛ tɔm naanza taa. Pɩnaɣ taa fenasɩ looɖo ñɛwɛ tɔm nabʊlɛ ɖeke. Kabɩyɛ taa lɛ pɩnaɣ hɔɔlʊʊ kʊɖʊmʊʊ wɛ ɛzɩ payaɣʊ se yolum nɛ lʊŋgɩyɛ yɔ. Kabɩyɛ taa lɛ evebu yaa pɛlɔ pɩnzɩ pakalʊ nɛ palabɩ-ɩ sɔnzɩ.
Tʊ
Tʊ wɛ kekelikelasi nzɩ sɩwɛna keŋ nɛ naŋgbanzɩ pɩɖɛɛ naalɛ yɔɔ yɔ sɩ-taa. Tʊŋ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ  nɛ ɛtalɩɣ tiwa ɛzɩ  kutokiŋ nɛɛlɛ (20 000) yɔ tɛtʊ kpeekpe yɔɔ. Eerɔpʋ taa ɖeke tʊŋ talɩɣ kutokiŋnaalɛ (2 000) mbʊ yɔ.
Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, tʊŋ talɩɣ tɩwa ɛzɩ kutoku (1000) yɔ. Erɔpɩ taa tiɣye nɖɩ ɖɩkɩla tɔyʊʊ yɔ nɖɩ payaɣ se Apisi Melifera nɛ tiɣye nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ tʊŋ weyi ɛwɛ Apisi tiɣye taa yɔ. Tʊŋ weyi ɛtɩŋga ɛwɛ Apisi tiɣye taa yɔ, ɛtɩŋga ɛɖʊʊ nʊm, nʊm mbʊ payaɣ se tʊŋ nʊm yaa tɩŋ nʊm. Paa nɛ mbʊ yɔ, pɩtɛkɛ tʊŋ tɩŋga ɖʊna tɩŋ nʊm.
Weyi ɛɛɖʊ tɩŋ nʊm yɔ ɛ-tɛ pɩlɩŋ kɩlɩna ɖɔʊ. Papɩzɩɣ pɛtɛyɩ tʊŋ kɛ pɩlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩna ɛzɩma ɛwɛɛ yaa ɛɖɔŋ yɔ: ɖɩɣa tʊŋ wɛɛ, awayɩ tʊŋ wɛɛ, tʊŋ weyi ɛɖɔŋ eɖeke eɖeke yɔ, kɔɔlaɣ tʊŋ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Tʊŋ wɛ ndɩ nɛ tɛɛkpagbaŋ pɩlɩɩna ɛ-wɛɖɩʊ yɔɔ nɛ ɛ-ɖɔnɛ taa.
Tʊŋ kɛna kekelikelasi nzɩ sɩtɔkɩ ñɩtʊ yɔ nɛ tʊŋ kɛ kekelikelasi nzɩ sɩsɩŋna nɛ tɛŋ hɛtʊ lɛɛtʊ ñɔʊ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɩɩkpakɩɣ ñɩtʊ pee se ɩmaɣna ɩsɛŋgɛlɩtʊ lɛ, nayɩ tɔlɩɣ nɛ pɩñɔʊ. Tʊ yʊŋ nɛ ɛ-ɖaɣlakɩŋ lɩɣna ɛ-tiyee taa yaa e-liɖe taa. Ɛ-ɖaɣlakɩŋ pɩzɩɣ pɩtalɩ kpaɣ milimɛtawaa 9 nɛ 15 kɛ mbʊ yɔ nɛ e-yuŋ talɩɣ miligiraamwaa 60 nɛ 80 pɛhɛkʊ taa.
1988
Pɩnaɣ 1988 kɛ pɩnaɣ 1988 ñɩŋga kɛ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ yɔ. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ taa lɛ, pɩnaɣ 1988 kɛŋna 88 ñɩŋga. Kɛwɛ pɩnzɩ 1987 nɛ 1989 hɛkʋ taa. =1988 taa lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ = Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ sɩnɛ yɔ sɩlaba :
Sriilanka
Sriilanka kɛna ɛndɩ taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛna Ɛndɩ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa nɛ hayʊ kɩŋ.
Pamaza Sriilanka ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ 65 610 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe takɩlɩ ɖɔʊ. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2016 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 22 235 000 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yee pakalɩɣ ɛyaa km2 taa kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ 339 yɔ. Lɛlaɣ fenaɣ naanza wiye pɩnaɣ 1948 kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ nɛ ɖɩpɩsa ɛjaɖɛ siŋŋŋ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ camɩyɛ se Srilanka tɛtʊ ɛjaɖɛ lɛ, pɩɩkɛ agoza fenaɣ 22 pɩnaɣ 1972. Payaɣ Sriilanka ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ se Maithripala Sirisena nɛ ɛ-tɛ komina yɔɔ cɔnayʊ se Ranil Wickremesinghe.
Kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ɩnʊʊ lɛ siŋgaalɛɛ, taamʊʊli nɛ aŋgilisi. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Sriijavawardenapura nɛ ndʊ tɩkɩla walanzɩ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Kolomko. Yee ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛyaa nɔɔyʊ kɛ kaŋgalafu yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛma +94 ɛ-tɛ kaŋgalafu kpata yɔɔ pʊcɔ ŋɛ ɛɛma pɩtɛ ɛyʊʊ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ. Liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkɩ-ɖɩ peeɖe yɔ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Ruupii sriilankɛɛzɩ. Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ aŋgba wena awɛ peeɖe yɔ anaa yɔ: Puudizimi, Ɛnduyizimi, Malɩŋ, Krɩstʊ mba nɛ Protɛsɩtaŋ.
Tɩŋ
Tɩŋ Tɩŋ (Plantae), pɩkɛ pʊtʊnaa mba pefezuu yɔ nɛ pacalɩɣ pa-tɩ yɔ, nɛ pasɩŋ-wɛ nɛ pa-hatʊ. Pɛkɛ pee tɩŋ ñɩna wena a-taa wɛ mʊtʊ yɔ. Tɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-taa kɔyɔ ɖɔɖɔ weyi ɛwɛ kedeŋa yɔɔ yɔ, aɖɔnɖɔlɛɛ kɩkpɛda, aɖɔnɖɔlɛɛ kɩsɛma nɛ klɩkɔfɩtɩ waa. Pɩcaɣ kaɖɛ se patɩlɩ tɩŋ kpeekpe, kɛlɛ pɩwɛɛ ɛzɩ (pɩnaɣ 2015) lɛ pana tɩŋ ɛtalɩ 400000, ɛ-taa sakɩyɛ kɛ hɛtʊ tɩŋ (ɛtalɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ 369000 mbʊ yɔ), nɛ panaɣ paa pɩnaɣ ŋga lɛ tɩŋ kɩfaŋ ɛtalɩɣ ɛzɩ 2000 mbʊ yɔ.
Pɩkɔma Hɛkʊ nɛ Hɛkʊ kpaɣɖʊʊ taa lɛ lɩ tɩŋ yɔɔ ñɩnʊ lɛɣtʊ tʊma taa tɔmɩŋ ɛnɛ yɔ se planta nɛ vegetabilis kajalaɣ tɔmpiye wɩlɩɣ se pɩkɛ tɩŋ hatʊ pɩlɩna mbʊ palakɩ-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ yɔ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se pilinzi nzɩ pɔsɔʊʊ yɔ, pɛkɛdɩɣ naalɛ ñɩndɛ nɛ lakaɣ vegetare palakaɣ ɖɩɖɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɛsɔ sɛtʊ tɔmɩŋ lɩzɩɣ nɔmɔʊ taa nɛ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ ɖoŋ kpazʊʊ, wezuu wɛnaʊ, palɩtʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ. Pɩkpaɣʊʊ nɛ kpaɣɖʊ 16 yɔ pɛkpɛnda tɔmpee an a-naalɛ nɛ payaɣ se tɩŋ pɩyʊ mbʊ pɩɩɖɔŋ yɔ. Pɩ-tɛ wɛɛ ana a-taa tɩŋ yɔɔ kpɛlɛkʊʊ lɛɣtʊ tɩnaa kɔzɩ kɔzɩ ɖalaa Jean nɛ Gaspard Bauhin paɣza kpaɣʊʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ pɩlɩna tɩŋ pɩlʊʊ yɔɔ.
John Ray (pɩnzɩ 1628 ŋtalɩ 1705) ɛkɛ kedeŋa kpɛlɛkɩyʊ, lɩzɩ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ ɛzɩma paɖanɩ lɩzɩɣ pɩlʊʊ lɛɛbʊ kɩfam ñɩndʊ pɩcɛlɩna hɛtʊ wɛtʊ, tɩŋ piye yaa hayʊ yɔɔ. Kɛlɛ Pierre Magnol (pɩnzɩ 1638 ŋtalɩ 1715), ɛlɛ ñolubina kpeluu tɔmpiye ɛzɩ payaʊ se famiyii yɔ, ɛlɛ ñalɩzɩ tɩŋ hɔŋ 76. Tournefort tɛ Joseph Pitton (pɩnzɩ 1656 ŋtalɩ 1708) ɛlɛ ñalɩzɩ tɩŋ pɩlɩtʊ kɩfatʊ pɩlɩna ɛ-hɛtʊ yɔɔ nɛ ɛɖʊ tʊkaɣ hɛkɩŋ taa pɩlɩna se abalʊ kɔyɔ yaa halʊ kɔyɔ.
Wayi wayi yɔ Carl von Linné (pɩnzɩ 1707 ŋtalɩ 1778), ɛkɛ tɩŋ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ Sʊyɛdɩ wiyaʊ cɔlɔ, ñalɩzɩ wɛtʊ kɩfatʊ tɩkɛ lɛɣtʊ ndʊ pɩlɩna pɩ-tɛ pɩlɩyɛ yɔɔ kɛlɛ ɛɖʊ mayaɣ kɩkaɖaɣ kɛ tɩŋ nɛ kpɩna wena awɛna hɩla naalɛ naalɛ yɔ tɛ hɩla yɔɔ. Fezuu kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ Marc-André Selosse maɣzɩ cɔkɔyɛ tɔm lɩzɩɣ kɛlɛ pɩcaɣ ndɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ nɛ pɩɩɖɔŋ paɣtʊ yɔɔ.
Sorbonne sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ
Paarii-Sorbonne sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ (Paarii 4), pɩkɛ Fransɩɩ sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩɩwɛ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1971 ŋtalɩ 2017, kʊ-tʊmɩyɛ keeke kɛlɛ takayasɩ maʊ, nesi tɛɛ tʊma nɛ ɛyʊ yɔɔ lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ. Kʊɖʊ nesi ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2010 kɛ Sorbonne sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ nɛ Pierre nɛ Marie Curie, Museum National keekee tɔm kɛtɩdʊ, Compiegne laɣsɩ ndɩ ndɩ sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ nɛ INSEAD hɔɔlʊʊ taa. Pɩ-tɛ ɛgbaɣdɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlɩna Sorbonne sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ ñɔʊʊ cɔlɔ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2018. Patʊlɩ Paarii-Sorbonne pɩlɩna lɛzɩtʊ sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ ŋgʊ Edgar Faure kaañɔɔza ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1968 yɔ. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ, paatɛyɩ Paarii sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ pɩlɩŋ kagbaanzɩ, nɛ sukuli kɩtɛzɩŋ wɛɛ pɩ-taa peeɖe pɩlɩna paa hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ lɛ nɛ kɩ-ɛyaa. Sukuli kɩtɛzɩŋ sakɩyɛ ɖɔka Sorbonne hɩɖɛ halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ.
Wɩlɩyaa kaawɛ pa-tɩ yɔɔ mbʊ se papazɩ patɛyɩ ɖama lɛ, pekpeluu ɖama pɩlɩna ɛzɩma panɩwaɣ ɖama lɩmaɣzɩyɛ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ agoza fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1968 alɩwwatʊ taa laɣsɩ ndɩ ndɩ yɔ. Paarii Sorbonne mʊwaɣ nɩwaŋ yɔɔ wɩlɩyaa, mbʊ pɩtakɛ Paarii-1 taa yɔ, mamʊ niye-Sorbonne waa, mba paawɛ lɩmɩyɛ yɔɔ yɔ.
Ɖɩcɔna sakɩyɛ taa kɔyɔ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ Paarii tɛtʊ taa sukuli kɩtɛzɩŋ naa lalaa yɔ Paarii Sorbonne sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ kataɣ tawalɩ sakɩyɛ. Kataɣsɩ wɛ ŋñɩɩ ŋñɩɩ, pɔɖɔna maʊ maʊ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa, Paarii tɛtʊ taa, Clignancourt nɛ Neuilly pɛ-tɛtʊ naa taa. Kpaɣ ɖooo pɩnzɩ 1990 ŋtalɩ 2000 tɛ lɩmaɣza mbʊ se paɖɑɣnɩ maʊ kedizasɩ sɔsɔsɩ kuduyiŋ mʊ hayɩm sakɩyɛ sukuli ŋgʊ kɩ-kataɣ.
1989
Pɩnaɣ 1989 kɛ pɩnaɣ 1989 ñɩŋga kɛ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ yɔ. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ taa lɛ, pɩnaɣ 1989 kɛŋna 89 ñɩŋga. Kɛwɛ pɩnzɩ 1988 nɛ 1990 hɛkʋ taa. =1989 taa lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ = Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ sɩnɛ yɔ sɩlaba :
Aloma fenaɣ
François Luambo sɩba.
Regee
Kɛlɛ paa mbʊ yɔ kɩ-yendu teyaa tɩŋa sakɩyɛ kɔhɔkaɣ pɔ-ñɔsɩ ɛzɩ kpaŋ tɩnaa nɛ payaɣ-wɛ se rasta ɛyaa, nɛ pɩkɛ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ rasta ɛyaa tɩŋaɣnaɣ nɛ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ pɔ-tɔm yɔ.
Tɔm kpou ŋgʊ ɖɩyaɣ se Larousse yɔ lɩzɩɣ regee tɔbʊʊ se ɖɩnɩɩ se pɩkɛ Jamayiki ɛyaa tɛ soo maɖɛ naɖɩyɛ, ɖɩñɔ kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1960 tɛmtʊ wɛɛ taa, kɩ nɛ ska nɛ calypso pɛkpɛndɩna ɖama, kɛlɛ papa lɩɩna naatozo kpɛndʊʊ taa pa nɛ blu nɛ rock nɛ roll Amerika nɛ hayi kiŋ taa. Kajalaɣ taa lɛ, ment kaakɛna ɖɛ-tɛ soo, ska nɛ rocksteady nɛ regee pamʊ mento mbʊ kiliu kaawɛɛ se kɩlakɩ yɔ, nesi taa cɩmʊʊ yaa anasaayɩ cɩmʊʊ ŋgʊ ɖɩyaɣ kitar nɛ pɛlɛɛzɩ ɖɔɖɔ hendu tetu natʊyʊ naa.
Panɩ regee taŋ Jamayiki ɛjaɖɛ kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1960 tɛmtʊ alɩwaatʊ taa pɩtɩŋna m inziiki tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa nabɛyɛ yɔɔ. Ŋgʊ tɩnaa ɛyaa kpeekpe kɩkpɛndʊʊ tɔm nɛ ɖama taa siduu tɔm. Ska nɛ rocksteady lɩna anasaayɩ naa cɔlɔ, pɩɩkɛ minziiki ŋgʊ yoma lakaɣnaɣ kʊ-tʊmɩyɛ yɔ (polka, mazurka, scottish, quadrille, pɩɩwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ sɔɔjanaa soo pɩ nɛ soo sɔsɔnaa).
Iyowa
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, Hayu kiŋ Minesootaa, Wiskɔnsɛɛ; wisi ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Ilnuwaa, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Misuurii; wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ Nebraska nɛ Takota nɛ hadɛ kiŋ.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 29 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 29 ŋkʊ wiye pɩnaɣ. Pɩnaɣ 2013 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 3 090 416 yɔ.
Payaɣ Iyowa ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Kim Reynolds (R) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Chuck Grassley (R), Joni Ernst (R). Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ Eŋgilisi.
Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ aŋgba kajalaɣ you tɔm
Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ aŋgba yoŋ tɔm: lakɩŋ fenaɣ 1560 Condé wiyau pɩyalʊ nɛ Antoine de Bourdon, Navarre wiyau panɩna ɖama nɛ powolo wiyau sɔsɔ François II cɔlɔ se ɛha-wɛ nɔmɔʊ nɛ papɩzɩ nɛ palaa kaɣlaa kilaʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Protestant yɔ. Pa-naalɛ powobu mbʊ yɔ, pataana se pɩkaɣ-wɛ pɩsɩɣ nabʊyʊ catholika ñɩma cɔlɔ. Kpaagbaa mbʊ lɛ Godefroi de La Renaudie paɣzɩ kɩlaʊ ŋgʊ laʊ ɛlɛ Pierre des Avenelles caŋ ɛlɩɩ ɛ-wayɩ. Protestant waa mba palɩ nɛ pakpaɣ hɔzɩŋ yɔ, ɛzɩ La Renaudie yɔ, patɩɣ pakʊ-wɛ; piyele nɛ mba petenda yɔ, pakpa-wɛ. Pakpaʊ-wɛ mbʊ yʊ, pa-taa sakɩyɛ kaɣ hɩʊ sɩm pe-nesi tɛɛ.
Charles IX ñɩkɩɣ nesi (kɔlaɣ fenaɣ 17, 1562)
You nɛ sɩm kadadayaɣ pɛwɛ mbʊ lɛ, Charles IX ɖoo Catherine de Médicis nɛ chancelier Michel de l’Hospital pacaɣ wiyau yɔɔ nɛ etisi nɛ ɛñɩɣ nesi takayaɣ taa kɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ taa kɛ Saint-Germain-en-Laye nɛ ɛha nʊmɔʊ kɛ protestant waa se palaa pa-kɩlaʊ ɛzɩma pɔsɔɔla yɔ. Ɛlɛ lona wena a-taa palawaɣ pa-kɩlaŋ ɛnʊ yɔ, ɛɖaŋga a-yɔɔ. Waɖɛ nɖɩ ɛha-wɛ mbʊ yɔ papazɩ catholika mba pɩkɩlɩna Duc de Guise nɛ ɛtɔyɩtɩ protestant waa kɛ Wassy. Peeɖe pɩpaɣzɩna kacalaɣ ɛsɔ sɛtʊ aŋgba tɛ you.
Sɩpaanaa tɔʊ
Sɩpaanaa tɔʊ kɛna samaɣ taa aleɣya naayɛ. Takayɩsɩ kɩkpɩndasɩ nasɩyɛ yɔɔ kɛ palɩzʊ aŋjaʊnaa nabɩyɩ yaa palɩzʊ nabʊyʊ yem ɛlɛ pɩwɛna pʊ-tɔbʊʊ. Paa takayaɣ kɩkpɩndaɣ ŋga lɛ, kɛwɛna ñʊʊ ŋgʊ pakɑlʊ-kʊ yɔ. Sɩpaanaa pɩzʊ pɛwɛɛ ɛzɩ 32 yɔ yaa 52 yɔ. pɛwɛ 54 kɔyɔ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se naalɛ wɛ nɛ weyi ɛtɔʊ-wɛ yɔ, ɛzɩma naŋna kɩwakɩ yɔ. Paatɔʊ sɩpaanaa lɛ, pakalʊ ñʊŋ 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 yaa 72. Mba pɔtɔʊ yɔ, kacalaɣ taa lɛ, pɛwɛʊ naalɛ ɛlɛ pakalɩ ñʊŋ 12, naatozo yee pɩkɛ ñʊŋ 18 kɔyɔ, naanza kalʊ ñʊŋ 24, looɖo ñakalɩ ñʊŋ 36, litoozo kalʊ ñʊŋ 48 pʊwɛɛ mbʊ nɛ pɩɖɛʊ. Yee kʊɖʊm ɛtɔʊna kɔyɔ, ɛna weyi ɛɛnaɣ-ɩ yɔ pɔtɔʊna nɛ ɛyaɣ pʊŋdʊ se aŋjaʊ nɛ eemulu-i ɖɔɖɔ.
Paa takayaɣ kpengbene ŋga lɛ, pama kɔ-yɔ ñʊŋ pɩkpanaɣ kʊɖʊm pɩsɩɩna 10. Mba pakɩla ñʊʊ hiu yɔ, pama pɔ-yɔɔ J Q nɛ K. Tɔʊ taa lɛ K wakɩ Q nɛ mba patatalɩ Q yɔ. sɩpaanaa taa ɖɔɖɔ nɛ hazɩŋ nɛ ɩ-yɔɔ palɩza tɔɔyɩŋ yaa awiya. Sɩpanaa wɛna hɩla ndɩ ndɩ. Pa-taa kɔyɔ: yɛɛtɛ, sɩpaa, kulii nɛ keɖeu. Kɩkpɛdaa wɛ naalɛ: sɩpaa nɛ kulii piyele kɩsɛɛmaa naalɛ ɖɔɖɔ: keɖeu nɛ yɛɛtɛ. Sɩpaanaa nabayɩ wɛɛ lɛ, pama pɔ-yɔɔ pɩɖɛɛ hiu yɔɔ. Sɔsaa nɛ cikpema pɛwɛɛ. Cikpema paɣzʊna ñʊʊ kʊɖʊm pɩsɩɩna looɖo. Sɩpaanaa tɔʊ wɛɛ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna tɔya sɔɔlɩm taa.
Pʊcɔ papaɣzɩ-wɛɛ tɔʊ lɛ, pofutuu-wɛ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pesidu-wɛ ɖama taa kpɛlɩkpɛlɩ. Weyi efutuu yɔ ɛnʊʊ payaɣ tɛyɩyʊ. Weyi ɛwakɩ lɛɛlʊ yaa lala yɔ, ɛnʊ futuuna. Weyi paɖaɣ ɖʊʊ yɔ, ɛpɩzʊ ɛcɛpɩ-wɛ. Cɛbʊ kɛlɛ se ecozuu nabayɩ nɛ pʊyɔɔ nɛ ɛsɩɩ-wɛ nɛ pɩtɛɛ kiŋ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, futuyu pɩzʊ emuli nɛ ɛsɩɩ sɔsa nɛ pɩtɛɛ se ɛmɩlɩ-wɛ. Lakasɩ nzɩ kɛ payaɣ se akpama. Nɛ nɔɔyʊ ɛlaba akpama nɛ pakpa-ɩ kɔyɔ, paapɩzʊ pɛkpɛ-ɩ ñʊŋ cabɩ. Papɩzʊ pɔtɔ sɩpaanaa nɛ liidiye yaa pakalɩ ñʊŋ yem. Hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa mba wakɩ yɔ, pakpakʊ liidiye nɖɩ yaa paɖʊ kpaɣɖɛ.
Kalɩfɔrnɩyɔm
Palakɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ kalɩfɔrnɩyɔm nɛ pɔyɔkʊʊna heɣlim ñɔʊʊ tɛ tuyuu ñɩɣyɩŋ, miŋ saʊʊ tɛ tʊma sɔsɔna taa nɛ somtu tʊma ɖɩlaɖɛ taa, X cɛnzɩ tɛ kɔyɛ ɖɩlaɖɛ tʊma taa nɛ ɖɔɖɔ karasɩm ñɩɣnɩɣ nɔmɔŋ taa.
Kalɩfɔrnɩyɔm kɛ pʊtʊnaa kɩlabaa mba pa-ñʊŋ masɩ cɛza mayaɣ 92 yɔɔ taa loɖo tʊ weyi poluba-ɩ kulubu ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. Palaba-ɩ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe pɩnaɣ 1950 pɩtɩŋna ɛyaa pa nɛ yɔ Stanley G. Thompson, Glenn T. Seaborg, Kenneth Street, Jr. (en), nɛ Albert Ghiorso kɛ Berkeley, Kalifornie tɛtʊ taa, mbʊ yɔɔ paya-ɩ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ. Pehiyi-ɩ lɛ panaza kɩnazʊʊ kʊrɩyɔm 242 pɩtɩŋna alɩfaa pɩyʊ kɔtɩɩ waa yɔɔ.
Papɩzɩɣ pana kalɩfɔrnɩyɔm ɖenɖe naa pʊñɔtɩna wondu ndʊ tɩlakɩna tʊmɩyɛ nɛ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛzɩ pañɩnɩnaʊ tɛtɛɛ ñɩm nɛ ɖɩfɛɖɛ tɛ wondu ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛɛyɔɔlʊʊ lɩm kpa, kɛlɛ ɛsɔɔlɩ tɛtʊ maɣmaɣ taa wɛʊ.
Rɔkɩ
Rɔkɩ kɛ cɩmʊʊ amʊza yaa pɩkɛ mʊsɩ nzɩ sɩlɩ kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1950 alɩwaatʊ taa kɛ Etaazuunii ajɛyɛ taa kɛlɛ mʊsɩ ndɩ ndɩ lɩɩ soo anɛ a-taa kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1960, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Etaazuunii ajɛyɛ taa nɛ Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Mʊsɩ nzɩ sɩ-maɣmaɣ sɩlɩna rock 'n' roll cɔlɔ nɛ kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1940 nɛ 1950 wɛɛ taa. Rhythm and blues nɛ country pacakanaɣ kʊ-yɔɔ. Rɔkɩ kɩnda pʊtʊnaa sakɩyɛ fɔlɩkɩ nɛ blu nɛ Jazz nɛ cɔlɩɩ tɛ minziiki cɔlɔ.
Pɩkɛ keɣa cɩmʊʊ nɛ ɛyʊ weyi ɛmakɩ keɣa yɔ ɛkɛ yɔɔdɩyʊ, nɛ ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛwɛʊna kɩtarɩ yaa cɩmʊʊ wonuu, yaa nabʊyʊ taa ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛwɛna piyanoo nɛ wondu naa lalaa.
Rɔkɩ lɩna rock 'n' roll, ŋgʊ kaakɩlɩna tɔyʊʊ Etaazuunii ɛyaa tɛ kpaɣna pɩnzɩ 1940 tɛmtʊ wɛɛ taa nɛ pɩnzɩ 1950 paazɩtʊ alɩwaatʊ. Ɖɩcɔna kɔyɔ kʊ nɛ ɛnʊ kʊñɔɔ pɩlɩna Afrika nɛ Amerika ɖama tɛ minziiki cɔlɔ. Ɛlɛ kʊ nɛ ɛnʊ yɔ anasaayɩ naa kɩlaɣna-kʊ mabʊ lona wena a-taa anasaayɩ naa kaawɛɛ yɔ.
Wondu teyaa mba pa-hɩla kɩla sɛʊʊ yɔ pa-taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Buddy Holly, Jerry Lee Lewis8 nɛ Big Joe Turner,ɛlɛ ñɛkɛ hendu teyuu weyi ɛ-hɩɖɛ kɩla sɛʊʊ yɔ, nɛ ɛ-hendu ndʊ pakɩlɩna-ɩ sɩm yɔ tʊ-ñʊʊ hɩɖɛ yɔ Shake, Rattle and Roll kɛ pɩnaɣ 1954.
Indiyaanaa
Indiyaanaa kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ.
Pamaza Indiyaanaa ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 93 321 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 92 897 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 1 424 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 1,51 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 45 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa. Indiyaanaa taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Indianapolis nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ kajalaɣ ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 11 ŋkʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1816. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 64 838 012 yɔ.
Payaɣ Indiyaanaa ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Eric Holcomb (R) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Joe Donnelly (D), Todd Young (R). Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ Aŋgilisi.
1990
Pɩnaɣ 1990 kɛ pɩnaɣ 1990 ñɩŋga kɛ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ yɔ. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ taa lɛ, pɩnaɣ 1990 kɛŋna 90 ñɩŋga. Kɛwɛ pɩnzɩ 1989 nɛ 1991 hɛkʋ taa. =1990 taa lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ = Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ sɩnɛ yɔ sɩlaba :
Kʊdɔŋ sɔtʊ
Kʊdɔŋ sɔtʊ, pɩkɛ pɩyʊ kɩɖɛɖɛʊ nɛ pɩpɔzɩɣ ɛyʊ caɣzɩɣ, nabʊyʊ taa kuludaɣ, peeɖe ɛlakɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ tomnaɣ yɔkʊʊ nɛ maʊʊ laɣsɩ nɛ ɛ-tɛ pʊtʊnaa se ɛñɔɔzɩ ɛ-tɩ camɩyɛ. Tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩkɛ kɩkɩndɩyɛ, ɖɩlɩna latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa kɛnɛ, (lɩm, sɔzɩŋ lɩm, sɔtʊ, kɔyɛ yaa kʊdɔŋ, sɔŋ lɩɣ, ɖazʊʊ sɔŋ, kɩɖɛɖɛʊ). Lɩmaɣzɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ lɩɣ nɛ ɖɩtɔŋ se yee kʊdɔŋ sɔtʊ tɩnaa kɛ ɖɛzɩya, kɛlɛ nabayɛ ŋñɩɩɩ yem kɛna kʊdɔŋ kɔnɩyaa. Pɛkpɛnda 3600 kɛlɛ pa-taa peeɖe lɛ 129 yeke kɛna kɔdɔŋ kɔnɩyaa. Ndɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ pɩlɩna kʊdɔŋ sɔtʊ tɩnaa mba pɔ-yɔɔ (mb apefezuu yaa paafezuu yɔɔ) yɔ wala sakɩyɛ nɛ halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ mbʊ yɔ tɩtɛmda.
Kʊdɔmɩŋ kɩɖɛzɩŋ ɛzɩ kpaŋ haɣ kʊdɔŋ, kɩnamɩyɛ yaa ɛsɔ kʊdɔŋ mbʊ kpaɣ ɛyaa ɖooo kpaɣɖɩŋ ɖɔɔ kɔyɔ. Egipiti kɩbɩnʊʊ taa takayasɩ mayaa kaayɔɔda kalɩkatʊ kʊdɔŋ tɔm, Krɛkɩ nɛ Room nɛ ɖooo Wɩsɩ Ɖɩlɩyɛ taa mba takayasɩ nasɩyɛ ñaayɔɔda kɔdɔmɩŋ kɩɖɛzɩŋ nɩɩyɛ tɔm ɖɔɖɔ. Ɖɔkɔtɔ takɩyʊ nɛ wiliyu Jean Hameau kaalaba ɛ-kajalaɣ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ pɩlɩna kɩɖɛzɩyaa mba pɔ-yɔɔ kɛ Bordoo ɖɔkɔtɔ kewiyaɣ ŋgbɛyɛ ɛsɩndaa pɩnaɣ 1837, ɛla lɩmaɣzɩyɛ lɛɛɖɛ ɖɩɖɩ yɔ se pamaɣzɩ ɖɛzɩyaa mbapɔ-tɔm kɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa ɛsɩndaa pɩnaɣ 1843.
Pɩ-tɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛ lɛɣtɛ tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa lɩzaɣ pʊtʊnaa kɩɖɛzaa pɩtɩŋna cʊ wondu kɩcatɩŋ yɔɔ nɛ palɩzɩɣ ŋñɩɩ cɛkasɩ. Pɩkɔma pɩnzɩ 1887 nɛ 1892 hɛkʊ taa lɛ tɩŋ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ Mimitri Ivanovski pɩzɩ ɛna cɔkɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ kʊdɔŋ, sɛmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ kʊdɔŋ, nɛ ɛwɩlɩɣ se tɩŋ cɩyɩm taa kaawɛ kʊdɔŋ nakʊyʊ nɛ patapɩzɩɣ pacatɩɣ-kʊ. Ivanovski maɣzɩ se pɩkɛʊ sɔtʊ kʊdɔŋ nakʊyʊ yaa pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩkɛ kpaagbaa ŋñɩɩ cɛkaɣ tʊ nɔɔyʊ.
Holandi kpɛlɩ tʊmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ Martinus Beijerinck tasɩna kpazʊʊ ɖoŋ tʊma ana nɛ, pɩnaɣ 1898 lɛ ɛtɛyɩ ŋñɩɩ cɛkaɣ tɛ tɔm nɛ pɩtasɩna piyeke ɛlɛ ɛyɔɔdɩ ɖɔɖɔ sɔtʊ tɔm, ɛpasɩ cɩyɩm mbʊ pɩ-taa tɛma wɛʊ kʊdɔŋ yɔ nɛ ɛɖʊ tɩŋ lɛɛkʊ taa kɛlɛ kʊkʊ paɣlɩna kʊdɔŋ, ɛla mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ sakɩyɛ sakɩyɛ taa tɩŋ yɔɔ kʊdɔŋ kɩtɔyɩna tɩŋ sakɩyɛ kɛlɛ ɛtɔŋ se kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ ɖoŋ piŋ ɛzɩ kajalaɣ ñɩŋʊ yɔ. Beijerick ya pʊtʊ ɛnʊ se Contagium vivum fluidum (pʊ-tɔbʊʊ añɔm fezuu ŋgʊ kɩyɔɔlʊʊ). Alɩwaatʊ kʊyʊmntʊ tɩ-taa pana nɔɔ heŋ kʊdɔŋ kɩɖɛzʊʊ ɛlɛ Friedrich Löffler nɛ Paul Frosch labɩna tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ. Tuutu, kelema kɩsɩkʊ, ɛsɔ cɔyʊ, kpizim kʊdɔŋ pɛkɛ ɛyʊ cɔlɔ kʊɔmɩŋ kɩɖɛzɩŋ weyi ɛlɩna sɔtʊ kʊdɔŋ cɔlɔ. Kʊdɔmɩŋ lɛɛŋ wɛɛ ɛlɛ tɔm caɣ kaɖɛ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ ɛɖɛʊʊ piŋ kpaɣ sidaa, SRAS, ɖiziye kʊdɔŋ, ɛsɔ kʊdɔŋ, mɔɔŋ tɛɛ calɩm kpemtu, Ebola mbʊ yɔ pɛkɛ kʊdɔmɩŋ kɩɖɛzɩŋ.
Nollywood
Nollywood, Payaɣ se Nollywood lɛ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm yaa mbʊ ɖɩyaɣ filim waa tʊmɩyɛ kɛ Naajeeriya ɛjaɖɛ taa. Kpaɣ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2009 Naajeeriya pɩsa ɛjaɖɛ naalɛ ñɩnɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩpɩzɩ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm waa labɩtʊ tʊmɩyɛ siŋ yɔ kedeŋa kpeekpe taa pɩlɩna filim waa mba kɩlakɩ pɩnaɣ taa yɔ pɔyɔɔ. Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ wayi (Bollywood) kɛlɛ ɖɩtɔsɔɔ Etaazuunii ñɩmba yɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ (Hollywood) lɛ, Naajeeriya lɩzɩɣ paa pɩnaɣ ŋga lɛ filim waa kiciɣdiŋ kudoku naalɛ, nɛ pe-liidiye tɛcɛzɩ euro waa miiliiyɔɔ waa nɛɛlɛ. Samaɣ ŋga paɩzɩɣpakalɩ-kɛ pi-ɖeɖe alɩwaatʊ ndʊ yɔ talɩ ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ waa 150 cɔnaʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa Naajeeriya ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Nollywood lɩ Laagɔɔsɩ haba yɔɔ pɩtɩŋna haba yɔɔ pɛdɩyaa kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1980 tɛmtʊ alɩwaatʊ taa. Pʊwɛɛ ɛzɩ VHS takayasɩ kɩtɩlɩsɩ pɛdɩyaa kaapaɣzɩna kpaɣʊʊ ɛyaa mba kɛlɛm kɛlɛm kɛ raadiyoo tatasɩ mancaɣ yem waa yɔɔ se pɩsa nɛ pana tʊkaɣ pa-tʊmɩyɛ nɛ lalaa ñɩna yɔɔ.
Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 2009, paaa fenaɣ ŋga ka-taa palɩzɩɣ filim waa pɩtalɩ 200 kɩfama yeke, piyebina nɛ Naajeeriya pɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ naalɛ ñɩnɖɖe kedeŋa kpeekpe taa pɩcɛlɩna sinimaɣ waa tʊmɩyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa pɩ-nɛ filim waa. Naajeeriya fɛyɩna sinimaɣ waa kuduyiŋ pʊɖɔɔ mbʊ lɛ palakɩ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm waa nɛ pɛpɛdɩɣ. Pɩcaɣ kaɖɛ piŋ se patɩlɩ DVD waa mba pɛpɛdɩɣ siŋ yɔ pɩnaɣ taa pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe pɩlɩna ɛwadɩyɛ yɔɔ mɩlɩm, pɩkɛ laɣsɩ nzɩ sɩtɔyɩ sakɩyɛ ajɛyɛ taa yɔ pɩkɛ ɖɔɖɔ mɩlɩm nɛ mulum laɣsɩ.
Filim waa mba palaba-wɛ nɛ Afrika kʊnʊmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa (mba palaba-wɛ nɛ yʊrʊba kʊnʊŋ taa yɔ ñakpaɣ kɩmaŋ mbilim, ɛnglɩsɩ kʊnʊŋ taa ñakpaɣ nabutozo hɔɔlʊʊ, loɖo tɛ Awuusa kʊnʊŋ).
1991
Pɩnaɣ 1991 kɛ pɩnaɣ 1991 ñɩŋga kɛ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ yɔ. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ taa lɛ, pɩnaɣ 1991 kɛŋna 91 ñɩŋga. Kɛwɛ pɩnzɩ 1990 nɛ 1992 hɛkʋ taa. =1991 taa lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ = Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ sɩnɛ yɔ sɩlaba :
Samaɣ aleɣya
Samaɣ aleɣya kɛna aleɣya wena ɛyaa sakɩyɛ tɔʊna-kʊ yɔ. Aleɣya anɛ afɛyɩ ɛzɩ wena kʊɖʊm ɖeke pɩzʊ ɛtɔ-ɛ yɔ. Kpaɣ ɛyaa naalɛ nɖɛɛ kɛ palakɩ aleya ana. Aleɣya kɛna mbʊ ɛyʊ lakɩ se ɛkʊ alɩwaatʊ yɔ. Paa aleɣya wena awɛna a-paɣtʊ, awɛtʊ nɛ alakasɩ nzɩ lɛlʊ tɩŋgʊna nɛ ɛwa ɛ-taabalʊ yɔ. Aleɣya anɛ a-kawazaɣ kɛlɛ se ɛyʊ leɣyʊ mbʊ nɛ ɛhɛzɩna ɛ-laŋgɩyɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛlaba tʊmɩyɛ nɛ pɩnɩ-ɩ camayɩ yɔ. Pɩkɛna ɖɔɖɔ heelim mʊʊ.
Ɛsɔ kɛtʊ
Ɛsɔ kɛtʊ, ɛsɔ pɩkɛ pʊtʊ weyi paana-ɩ nɛ ɛsa yɔ, pʊtʊ weyi pañaŋɩ-ɩ ɛsɔ sɛtʊ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa yɔ. Payaɣ hɩla ana mbʊ lɛ pɩwɩlɩɣ se pɩkɛ kiɖe tɛɛ pɩyʊ kem, pɩkɛ pɩyʊ mbʊ pɩkɩla pɩtɩŋa payi yɔ. Platon tɛ faawɩ tɔm tɔbɩŋ lɛzɩtʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa lɛ ɛtɔŋ se ɛsɔ kɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛɛzɩkɩ yɔ, eɖeke ɛhɛzɩna, tovonum maatɛŋ, ɛnʊ tɩna kɩbam laɣsɩ. Fransɩɩ tɔmpiye ɛsɔ ɖɩlɩna latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa deus, ɖɩtamsɩna tɔmʊʊ dies (evemiye), nɛ diluvium (ɛsɔtaa tʊlʊʊ), ɖɩlɩ sanskrit tɔmʊʊ div nɛ diu (ɛsɔmɩnʊʊ, evemiye nɛ ñalɩmɩyɛ).
Ɛsɔ kʊyʊm tɩnaa tɛ lɛ ɛsɔ kʊyʊm koŋ wɛna. Kɛlɛ tɔmpiye Ɛsɔ kɛ hɩɖɛ keem, nɛ pama-ɖɩ mayaɣ sɔsɔ nɛ pɩwɩlɩɣ se pɩkɛ pɩyʊ kɩkɩlʊʊ, eyeke, pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ panaɣna ɛsɛ yɔ, kɩlɩm pɩyʊ pɛkɛwa, pɩtɩŋa pɩ-tɛ ɛsɔ nɛ ɛnʊ lɩzɩna pɩtɩŋa payɩ. Credo in unum Deum, Patrem omnipotentem, factorem cæli nɛ terræ, visibilium omnium, nɛ invisibilium.
Pudaa ɛyaa tɛ lɛ, ɛsɔ kɛ ɛyaa mba palaba fezuu caɣʊʊ piŋ, ɖoŋ ñɩŋʊ nɛ kɩmʊna yɔ (ɛzɩ ɛyaa mba pacaɣ kedeŋga yɔɔ pɩɖalɩ yɔ, pala hama laɣsɩ sakɩyɛ yɔ, pamʊ niiye hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa yɔ). Pɛwɛtʊ wɛ nabʊlɛ taa, kajalaɣ hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ pakpazɩ ɖoŋ pa-wazaɣ maɣmaɣ yo nɛ naalɛ ɖeɖe lɛ paakaŋ ñʊʊ mbʊ pɩkɛ wazaɣ pɩyʊ yɔ ɖeɖe.
Sɩm fɛyɩ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɩnaa tɛ lɛ ɛsɔ fɛyɩ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se pɔcɔ ñʊʊ kpem se ɛsɔ fɛyɩ kpem, ɛzɩ ɖɩkpaɣ Thomas Huxley. Ɛyaa mba papa lakɩ ndɛŋkpɛzaɣ ɛsɔ tɔm taa yɔ Diagoras, le baron d'Holbach, Marx. Mba papa tisa ɛsɔ yɔɔ kɛlɛ paatisuu ɛ-tɛ kɩlaʊ nakʊyʊ yɔ yaa paalakɩ sɔnzɩ nasɩyɛ pɩlɩna ɛsɔ ɛnʊ ɛ yɔɔ.
Toofan
Toofan tɛkɛna ɛyʊ nɔɔyʊ hɩɖɛ ɛlɛ pɩkɛna hendu teyaa ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ŋgbɛyɛyɛ nɖɩ, ɖɩñɔ Togo ɛjaɖɛ pɩnaɣ 2005. Payɛ nɖɩ pabaɣ peeɖe yɔ ɖɩkɛna kɩfaɖɛ Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa nɛ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Kulikace. Payɛ ɖɩnɛ ɛyʊ ɛna ɛtɔŋ se ɖɩwɛ kaɖɛ ɛlɛ pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ. Pabaɣ-ɖɩ yɔ, ŋpɛlʊ ño-pondone kɛ hɔɔlʊ ŋgʊ yɔ, pɩtɛkɛ hɔɔlʊ ŋgʊ ŋɖɛzɩɣna ña-nanɩŋgbanzɩ nɛ ñe-nisi; mbʊ mbʊ nɛ pɛɖɛʊ. Payɛ ɖɩnɛ France 24 kpaɣ-ɖɩ nɛ kʊɖʊ kɩ-tɛ kɛlɛm kɛlɛmnaa kanahaŋ nimasɩ yɔ.
Pɩnaɣ 2023 taa ɖɔɖɔ Toofanwaa ɖaɣna lɩzʊ payɛ kɩfaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ paya-ɖɩ se "gweta". Payɛ ɖɩnɛ palɩza-ɖɩ se potuu ɛsɩsɛma tɩnaa kɛ atuwa. Ŋgbɛyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩnɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyaa kɔyɔ Masta Just nɛ Barabas. Afrika kpeekpe taa pombo maɖa lakaɣ kɛgbɛyaɣ pɩnaɣ 2012 nɛ 2015 lɛ, mba pana nɛ polu pɩtɛ kɛgbɛyaɣ ŋga ke-hendu. Toofanwaa ŋgbɛyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna Afrika hendu teya kpeekpe nɔɔ ɖɛya nɛ Frankofoni hendu teyaa kacalaɣ mba pɩnaɣ 2018, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Afrimma awards kalaba pɩ-tɛ kɛkpɛyɩsɩ ndɩ ndɩ yɔ. Ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɖɩkɛŋna kacalaɣ ñɩnɖɩ kɛ pop afrikani kɛ pɩnaɣ 2017.
Akaŋ kʋnʋŋ
Akaŋ kɛna kawa nɛ haɖa taa kʊnʊŋ nɛ kɩkɛ tano kʊnʊmɩŋ taa kʊnʊŋ cikpeluu nakʊyʊ. Kʊnʊŋ kʊnɛ ɛya ɛzɩ 8,3 miliyɔɔ yɔ yɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ Kana nɛ Kpotidiivʋwari ajɛya taa nɛ mba pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ pɩnaɣ 2004 taa yɔ patalʊʊ ɛzɩ 8 314 600 yɔ. Kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi ɛkpɛnda nɛ ɩyɔɔdʊʊ yɔ ɛkpɛnda naalɛ: Twii nɛ Fanti.
Ilnuwaa
Ilnuwaa kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. Tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Springfield nɛ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Chicago.
Pamaza Ilnuwaa ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 149 998 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 143 967 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 6 30 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 4 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 21 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ saŋgayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naatozo ŋkʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1818. Pɩnaɣ 2017 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 12 802 023 yɔ.
Payaɣ Ilnuwaa ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Bruce Rauner (R) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Dick Durbin (D), Tammy Duckworth (D).
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ Eŋgilisi.
Dominique paɣtʊ ɛyaa
Faala yɔɔdɩyaa paɣtʊ yaa Ɖalaa paɣtʊ sɔɔlɩyaa (O.P.-latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, Ordo Fratrum Prædicatorum), walaa taa pasɩma-wɛ hɩɖɛ ɖɩ nɛ yɔ Dominique paɣtʊ, pɩkɛ katoliki cejewiye nɖɩ ɖɩñɔ pɩtɩŋna Mominique kiɖeɖeu ɖoŋ yɔɔ yɔ pɩnaɣ 1215. Ɖɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ ɖalaa cikpema yaa mba payaɣwɛ se Fransiscain waa yɔ, tɔbʊʊ pɩkɛ sʊlɩmɩyaa. Pa nɛ yɔ pɔñɔtɩna ɛyaa, pɛfɛyɩ ɛzɩ lalaaa mba pɔsɔɔlɩ wɛʊ pe ɖeɖe yɔ ɛzɩ cistercien waa yɔ.
Patɩŋaɣ Augustin kiɖeɖeu paɣtʊ, ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛ-paɣtʊ yɔ, hɔɔlʊʊ yɔɔ ɛsɔɔlɩ Laon cɔlɔ tɩnaa (O.Præm), ɛɖʊ ɛ-tɩ tʊmɩyɛ se ɛla Yeesuu Krɩstʊ tɔm mʊyaa tʊmɩyɛ, tɔm suzuu tʊmɩyɛ nɛ mazɩm taa tʊmɩyɛ. Papa Jean-Paul 2 tɔzɩ se ɖooo e-kiɖe tɛɛ, kajalaɣ tʊmɩyɛ kɔyɔ esusi Krɩstʊ tʊtʊyɛ tɔm. E-ɖuu tɔmaɣ kɔyɔ Veritas (tovonum). Ɖuutu sakɩyɛ kaawɛ-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ tʊ nɛ yɔ eyɔɔdɩ ndʊ ɖɩnaa yɔ, (contemplata aliis tradere), Thomas kiɖeɖeu Aquin tʊ ɖanɩɣ kpaɣʊ tɔm, yaa ɛsa, ɛhɩnɩ-ɩ, esusi mbʊ pɩkɛ Ɛsɔ tɔm takayaɣ taa paɣtʊ.
Dominique ɛyaa kɛ cɔɔcɩ tɩnaa kɛlɛ pɛtɛkɛ maacɔ waa.Pɛwɛtʊ kɛ kʊyʊmtʊ ndʊ lɛ ñamtʊ, pa-wɩlɩyʊ cɔlɔ yaa e-lone taa caɣyʊ. Kʊñʊndɩtʊ sɔɔlʊʊ nɛ tɩ ɖɔkʊʊ yaa kele kele wɛtʊ tɔm wɛ pɩdaa peeɖe kɩjɛyʊʊ piŋ. Pɛfɛyɩ lone kuyʊmdɩyɛ taa ɛzɩ maacɔ waa, pɩtɛkɛ pa-paɣtʊ. Pasʊʊ aŋgba taa pɩtɛkɛ maacɔ ɖɩsɩ taa. Pa-tʊmɩyɛ kɛlɛ se posuzi ƐSɔ tɔm mbʊ lɛ, pa-ɖɩzʊyɛ wɛɛ tɛtʊ naa sɔsaa taa.
Ɛsɩtoonii
Ɛsɩtoonii kɛna Erɔpʊ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛɖɔɖɔ Erɔpʊ keteŋga taa ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɖooo agoza fenaɣ kacalaɣwiye pɩnaɣ 2004 pɩna ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se OTAN yɔ kɛ lakɩŋ fenaɣ 29 pɩnaɣ 2004 kʊɖʊmaɣ ŋga ka-taa. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ Palɩtiki Teŋgu kɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kiŋ.
Dominique paɣtʊ ɛyaa
Tɔm kɛtɛdʊ taa, e-ɖoo (latɛŋ taa Dominicus, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se weyi Ɛsɔ tɩya-ɩ yɔ) kaaɔza ɛ-tɔm ɛ-hɔɔ alɩwaatʊ taa mbʊ se ɛna haɣ nakɛyɛ kɔɖɔka tɔsɩ nɛ kɔ-nɔɔ se katʊsɩ ɛyaa tɩŋa. Guzman tɛ Dominique pakɩlɩ sɩm nɛ hɩɖɛ se Dominique kiɖeɖeu, ɛkɛ episikopu cɔlɔ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ nɔɔyʊ, payaɣ Osmo Ɛsɩpañɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛ-tɛ episikopu Diegue Osma, ya-ɩ se ɛsɩ-ɩ Sɩkandɩnavɩ kedizaɣ sɔsɔ nakɛyɛ ɖeɖe. Pa-nɔmɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa peeɖe ehiɣ ɛgbaɣtʊ nɔɔyʊ akɔma ɖɩɣa taa ɛlɛ lakɩ tʊmɩyɛ ka-taa nɛ ɛ nɛ-ɩ pahɩnɩ nɛ ɛpɩzɩ ɛlɛɛzɩ ɛlɛ laŋɩyɛ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛlɛ taakɛ katoliki tʊ ɛlɛ ɛpɩsɩ katoliki tʊ pɩlɩna ndʊ eheya-ɩ yɔ tɩ yɔɔ.
Ɛsɩtoonii
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩ-ɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, Suyɛɛdɩ ɛjaɖɛ wɛna; hayʊ kiŋ lɛ, pɔɔ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ se Fɛɛlandɩ yɔ kɛwɛna; wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ wɛna piyele nɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Lɛtonii ɛjaɖɛ wɛna. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔo wɛu kɛ pɩnaɣ 1991 nɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ payaɣ se Kersti Kaljulaid; piyele nɛ komina yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ kɔyɔ Jüri Ratas.
Panama
Panama kɛna Amerika ilemiye hɛkʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ajɛya wena acɔ-ɖɩ nɛ ata yɔ anaa yɔ Kɔstaarika nɛ Kolɔmbi. Pamaza Panama ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ 75 420 km2. Pɩnaɣ 2015 taa pakala kɩgalʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ, pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 3 657 024 yɔ nɛ pa-taa lɛ, miliyɔɔnaa ɛzɩ 1,426 wɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ taa.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ajɛya wena azɩ ɖama nɛ kamaɣ yɔ, pɩtalɣ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 555 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ Kɔstaarika lɛ walanzɩ talɩɣ ɛzɩ 330 yɔ piyele ɖɩnɛ Kolɔmbi lɛ pɩmaɣna kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ 225. Atɩlantiki Lɩŋamʋʋ kɛwɛna ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ɖɩ-hayʊ kiŋ pɩkazɩ nɛ ɖɩ-hadɛ kiŋ lɛ, Pasifiki Lɩŋamʋʋ wɛna. Kidiiliŋ ɖaɣlakɩŋ taa wɛ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 2 490 yɔ.
Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgba wena awɛ peeɖe yɔ anaa yɔ: katolika mba ( 70 %), Protɛsɩtaŋ ( 19%), ɛyaa yem yɔ, pʊtɔbʊʊ se paasɛɣ ɛsʊɔ nɔɔyʊ yɔ patalɩ ɛzɩ ɛyaa 7 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩuʊ yɔɔ nɛ aŋgba lɛɛna taa mba ñɛwɛ ɛzɩ ɛyaa 4 kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ.
Cɔkɔyɛ
cɔkɔyɛ Pɩlɩna cɔlɩɩ wɛɛ taa pɩlɩyaa cɔlɔ lɛ, cɔkɔyɛ kɛ pɩyʊ mbʊ pɩ-tɛ nɛ pʊtʊnaa mba pe-fezuu yɔ pɛ-tɛ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ pɛkɛ feziyaa, pɔtɔkɩ, papaalʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ tɩŋ yɔ. Sakɩyɛ tɛ nɩɣ taa yaa tɩlʊʊ taa lɛ payaʊ se cɔkɔyɛ yɔ pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ pɩkɛ tɩŋ yɔ yeke. Yee ɛyʊ ɛpɩzɩɣ yɔɔdʊʊ se tɩŋ kpeekpe kɛ hatʊ pɩyʊ ɛ-taa peeɖe wɛ aɖɔnɖɔlɛɛ kɩkpɛɛda nɛ tɛtʊ yɔɔ tɩŋ. Pɔ-yɔɔ ɖɩsɔzʊʊ aɖɔnɖɔlɛɛ kɩsɛma, kpʊzɩyɛɛ ñɩna ɖɔɖɔ nɛ kpɛŋgbɛɛsɩ nɛ patɩŋa payi mbʊ yɔ payaɣ-wɛ se tɩŋ.
Ɛyʊ lakɩ cɔkaa nɛ tʊmɩyɛ lɛ pɩkɛ mbʊ ɛcalɩɣna kpɩna yɔ, kpaɣ ɛzɩ heŋ, pʊŋ, naŋ kozonzi, afanaa, nɛ kpɩna lɛɛna sakɩyɛ wena ɛyʊ ɖɔʊ yɔ nɛ ɖɩnaɣ sɔnɔ se karɩbɔnɩ tɛ yuŋ cɛza tɔm nɛɛlɛ mbʊ yɔ kɛ kpɩna lɛɛna wena awɛ ñɩtʊ taa yɔ (ɛzɩ kelema kɩlɩɣ ɖɔʊ sumasi lɛɛsɩ yɔ).
Abalaajo
Abalaajo kɛna tɩŋ tɔɔnaɣ ŋga pahayʊ-kɛ kɛ-tɛɛ pee yɔɔ yɔ. Abalaajo tɛɛ pee ana awɛ lʊʊʊ lʊʊʊ. Papɩzɩɣ pɔtɔɔ Abalaajo nɛ lɛŋ yaa poɖoŋgi nɛ nʊm. Abalaajo kʊnɛ kɩlɩʊ sɔzɩŋ kamaɣfɛyɩ kɛ num taa. Abalaajo wɛna hɩla ndɩ ndɩ: ageeta naayɛ taa lɛ payaɣ-kʊ se afanaa ayaba, ɖoli lɛ, payaɣ-kʊ se mʊlʊm ɛyabɩyɛ yaa ɛzɩ sʊtʊ lɩm ɛyabɩyɛ yaa ayaba wena poɖoŋguu yɔ.
Tɔɔnasɩ nzɩ papɩzʊ pesidi Abalaajo taa nɛ pɩwɛɛ camɩyɛ yɔ sɩɖɔɔ nɛ sɩ-taa kɔyɔ: tɩmaatɩ, hɛɛ, awiihɛɛ, kaarɔɔtɩ, kela nɛ pesidina num mbʊ ɛyʊ sɔɔlaa yɔ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se paa tɔɔnaɣ ŋga papɩzɩɣ pɛsidi Abalaajo taa nɛ pɩwɛɛ camɩyɛ. Papɩzʊ pasɩɩ Abalaajo nɛ kileɖi kɩɩwɛɛkʊʊ ɛlɛ pʊtɔpɔzɩ se pasɩɩ-kʊ yem mbʊ kɔyɔ kɩpɩzɩɣ kɩɖazɩ yaa kibii. Ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔla-kʊ sɩʊ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ, pɩwɛɛ se ɛsɩɩ-kʊ nikaɣ ŋgbaʊ taa yaa ɖenɖe nikaɣ wɛ camɩyɛ yɔ nɛ pʊmʊʊ nikaɣ camɩyɛ yɔ.
Abalaajo tɔnʊʊ wɛ ɛzɩ ɛyabɩyɛ yɔ ɖeiɖei nɛ tʊkaɣ ŋga kɛwɛ pazɩ yɔ lɛ se abalaajo tʊnʊʊ kpɩndaa. Abalaajonaa wɛna tomnasi ndɩ ndɩ: nakʊyʊ kɛ kʊlʊmʊʊ tɩyɛ, lɛɛŋ sɛɛ cahʊʊ ɛzɩ calɩm yɔ, nɩɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ ɛwɛ kɩsɛɛmɩm muzulee, nabʊyʊ taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ abalaajonaa nabɛyɛ caaɣ wɛʊ tɛtʊ yɔ.
UE ŋgbɛyɛ
Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ taa ajɛya wɛna ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ. Payaɣ-ɖɩ se UE ŋgbɛyɛ. Ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ, ɖɩlakɩ politiki tʋmɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩlʋkɩ siŋŋ se Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ taa ajɛya tɔsɩŋ ɛɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa nɛ pɩkɩlɩ.
Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ taa ajɛya nɛɛlɛ nɛ lutozo (28) nɩŋna ɖama nɛ aɖʋ ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ. Ajɛya ana, a-walanzɩ tɩŋɛ kɛ km2 waa 4,5 miiliyɔɔ. Ajɛya ana, a-tɩŋa a-taa ɛyaa yaa samaɣ ñʋʋ kɛ miiliyɔɔ waa 510. UE ŋgbɛyɛ ajɛya tɔzɩŋ kɩlɩna ɖɛʋ ɛsɩndaa kedeŋa yɔɔ. UE ŋgbɛyɛ taa ajɛya laba kedizasɩ sɔsɔsɩ naalɛ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ taa, pɩnaɣ 2009 ñɩŋa taa. Palaba nakɛyɛ Maastriche tɛtʋ taa nɛ pâla lɛɛka Room tɛtʋ taa. Kedizasɩ naalɛ nzɩ sɩkpaɣna paɣtʋ ndʋ tɩ-yɔɔ pʋwɛɛ se UE ŋgbɛyɛ ɛɖɔ tɩ-yɔɔ nɛ piɖena ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ajɛya tɩŋa yɔ. UE ajɛya laba ɖɔɖɔ kedizaɣ sɔsaɣ nakɛyɛ Lisbonne tɛtʋ taa nɛ patasɩ paɣtʋ ndɩ ndɩ lɛɛtʋ kpaɣʋ se UE ajɛya ɛtɩŋna tɩ-yɔɔ nɛ pɛ-ŋgbɛyɛ tʋma ɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa. UE ajɛya kewiisi taa ɛyaa tɔʋ caca nɛ palɩzɩ UE ŋgbɛyɛ paɣtʋ ndɩ ndɩ. UE ŋgbɛyɛ wɛna kedizaɣ nakɛyɛ labʋ paa pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa. UE ŋgbɛyɛ ajɛya tɛ Minisi waa wɛna ɖɔɖɔ kedizaɣ nakɛyɛ labʋ paa pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa. UE ŋgbɛyɛ paɣtʋ lɩzɩyaa lɩzɩɣna UE ŋgbɛyɛ ñʋʋdʋ. Ɛlɛ, UE ŋgbɛyɛ kedizaɣ taa pɔyɔɔdʋʋ nɛ pʋcɔ paɣtʋ lɩzɩyaa ḿba, pɛwɛɛna ɖoŋ nɛ palɩzɩ ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-ñʋʋdʋ. UE ŋgbɛyɛ tɔm hʋʋ pɩlɩʋ lʋkɩna nɛ paa ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩña UE ŋgbɛyɛ tɛ waɖɛ camɩyɛ. Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛ Minisi weyi ɛcɔŋna Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna pa-taabalɩyɛ ɖʋʋ tʋma yɔɔ yɔ, ɛyɔɔda tɔm natʋyʋ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nakʋ ñɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1950 taa. Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛ Minisi ɛnʋ, payaɣ-ɩ se Robert Schuman. Toovenum lɛ, tɔm ndʋ Minisi ɛnʋ ɛyɔɔdaa yɔ tiyebina nɛ UE ŋgbɛyɛ ñɔ. Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ taa politiki laɖaa sɔsaa nabɛyɛ tɛsɩna seɣtuu Eerɔp tɛtʋ taa ajɛya siŋŋ nɛ UE ŋgbɛyɛ kpa ɖoŋ. Ɖajaanaa ḿba, pa-hɩla yɔ : ɖajaa Konrad Adenauer nɛ ɖajaa Jean Monnet nɛ ɖajaa Alcide De Gasperi. :Dajaanaa panɛ peyebina nɛ Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ ñɔ. Pa-hɩla sɛ siŋŋ kedeŋa yɔɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1951 taa Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ taa ajɛya loɖo naayɛ nɩna ɖama nɛ paɖʋ ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ajɛya loɖo ana, akpɛndʋʋ nɛ alakɩ aka nɛ mbʋ payaɣ se asiyee (acier) yɔ pʋ-tʋma. Ajɛya wena ayeba nɛ UE ŋgbɛyɛ ñɔ yɔ, anaa yɔ : Caama ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Pɛlɩziiki nɛ Fransɩ nɛ Italii nɛ Lukizambuuri ne Peyibaa. Pɩnaɣ 1957 taa UE ŋgbɛyɛ ñɔɔ. Ɛlɛ, pɩnaɣ 1973 taa lɛ, Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ taa ajɛya naadozo naayɛ sʋʋ UE ŋgbɛyɛ taa. Ajɛya ana, anaa yɔ : Tanemarɩkɩ nɛ Irilandɩ[] nɛ [[Kewiisi kpɛndʋʋ.
UE ŋgbɛyɛ tasɩ walʋʋ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa pɩlɩɩna ajɛya naayɛ yɔɔ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa ajɛya naayɛ tasɩ sʋʋ UE ŋgbɛyɛ taa. Ajɛya ana, anaa yɔ : Krɛɛsɩ nɛ Ɛsɩpañɩ nɛ Pɔɔrɩtigaal. Krɛɛsɩ ɛjaɖɛ sʋ UE ŋgbɛyɛ taa pɩnaɣ 1981 ñɩŋa taa nɛ piyele Ɛsɩpaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Pɔɔrɩtigaalɩ alɛ sʋʋ pɩnaɣ 1986 ñɩŋa taa.
UNESCO ŋgbɛyɛ
Kedeŋa kpeekpe ajɛya ɖʋ ɲgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ payaɣ-ɖɩ nɛ fransɩɩ kʋnʋŋ taa se UNESCO. Ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ, ɖɩlʋkɩ se sukuli labʋ nɛ lɛɣtʋ tʋmɩyɛ nɛ ɛsakuliye pa-tʋma ɛɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa.
Kedeŋa kpeekpe ajɛya kpɛndʋʋ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se ONU yɔ, ɖɩlabɩna tamaɣ nɛ UNESCO ŋgbɛyɛ ñɔ. kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ loɖo (16), pɩnaɣ 1945 ñɩŋa taa paɖʋ ONU ŋgbɛyɛ. Kedeŋa kpeekpe you kɩlɛlʋʋ yebina nɛ ɛyaa lɩzɩ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ se UNESCO ŋgbɛyɛ ɛñɔ. Toovenum lɛ, kedeŋa kpeekpe you kɩlɛlʋʋ wɔɖɔsa mbʋ yɔ, pɩfɛyɩ yɔɔdʋʋ. Ɛyaa miiliyaarɩ waa ɛgbɔŋ ɛgbɔŋ lesi pe-weziŋ. Piyele wondu ndɩ ndɩ ndʋ yoŋ ŋ́gʋ kɩnaŋaa yɔ, tɩfɛyɩ kalʋʋ kpem. Kedeŋa kpeekpe ajɛya tɔsɩŋ tii kpakuu wiluu tɩyɛ.
UNESCO ŋgbɛyɛ lʋkɩ ɖɔɖɔ se taabalɩyɛ nɛ aŋgba pɛwɛɛ ajɛya kpeekpe hɛkɩŋ. UNESCO ŋgbɛyɛ lʋkɩ ɖɔɖɔ siŋŋ se paa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩña siɣsiɣ wɛtʋ paɣtʋ. Ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ, ɖɩlʋkɩ ɖɔɖɔ se ɖɩña ɛyʋ waɖɛ paɣtʋ. UNESCO tamaɣ sɔsaɣ kɔyɔ se ɖɩlʋ siŋŋ nɛ ɛyaa hɛkɩŋ taa tɛyɩtʋ sɩɩ tɩnaɣ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ, ɖɩɩsɩŋ anasaayɩ, ɖɩɩsɩŋ ɛyʋ kɩkpɛdʋ, ɖɩɩsɩŋ ɛyʋ kʋhʋlʋm, ɖɩɩsɩŋ sʋtʋ tɔlɩm tɩnaa. Ɖɩɩsɩŋ abalʋ, ɖɩɩsɩŋ halʋ. Ɖɩɩsɩŋ malʋʋ, ɖɩɩsɩŋ Krɩstʋ tʋ, ɖɩɩsɩŋ sɩɩnaa layʋ. UNESCO ŋgbɛyɛ ɛɛsɩŋ ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋʋ, ɛɛsɩŋ ɛ-tɛɛ tʋ, ɛɛsɩŋ paɣtʋ lɩzɩyaa ñʋʋdʋ, ɛɛsɩŋ minisi, ɛɛsɩŋ tʋma sɔsɔna ndɩ ndɩ ñʋndɩnaa, ɛɛsɩŋ kpaɣ ŋcɛlɛm. Tobi taa se, UNESCO ŋgbɛyɛ cɔlɔ lɛ, ñɩm tʋ fɛyɩ, kʋñɔŋ tʋ fɛyɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se nɔɔyʋ fɛyɩ paɣtʋ ñʋʋ yɔɔ, pʋwɛɛ se tɩmakɩ paa weyi kɩmaŋ.
UNESCO ŋgbɛyɛ tʋma ñʋʋ wɛ Paarii taa. Pɩnaɣ 2015 ñɩŋa taa lɛ, kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ ajɛya 195 kɛwɛna UNESCO ŋgbɛyɛ taa.
1993
Pɩnaɣ 1993 kɛ pɩnaɣ 1993 ñɩŋga kɛ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ yɔ. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ taa lɛ, pɩnaɣ 1993 kɛŋna 93 ñɩŋga. Kɛwɛ pɩnzɩ 1992 nɛ 1994 hɛkʋ taa. =1993 taa lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ = Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ sɩnɛ yɔ sɩlaba :
1994
Pɩnaɣ 1994 kɛ pɩnaɣ 1994 ñɩŋga kɛ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ yɔ. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ taa lɛ, pɩnaɣ 1994 kɛŋna 94 ñɩŋga. Kɛwɛ pɩnzɩ 1993 nɛ 1995 hɛkʋ taa. =1994 taa lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ = Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ sɩnɛ yɔ sɩlaba :
Hawayii
Awayii kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. Awayii taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Honolulu nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 50 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ se nɖɩ pɩɖɩɣna sʊʊ kɩ-taa. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ 21wiye pɩnaɣ 1959. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 1 360 30 yɔ.
Peeɖe pʊŋ kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ taa maɣna ɛzɩ mɛtanaa 925 yɔ nɛ pamaaza pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɩla kʊyʊʊ yɔ lɛ pɩkpɛnda mɛtanaa 4 107 nɛ ŋgʊ lɛ Mona Kea. Piyele pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɩla ñɩɩ yɔ, kʊkʊ kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ taa ñamaɣna mɛtanaa 216.
Payaɣ Awayii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se: David Ige (D) nɛ ɛ-tɛ komina yɔɔ cɔnayaa kɛ payaɣ se Brian Schatz (D) nɛ Mazie Hirono (D). Kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-ɩ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ ɩnʊ lɛ aŋgilisi nɛ awayɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Honolulu nɛ ndʊ ɖɔɖɔ taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ.
Ɛsɔdaa lɔɔɖɩyɛ
Ɛsɔdaalɔɔɖɩyɛ kɛna wonuu ŋgʊ kɩkʊyʋʋ ɛsɔdaa heelim taa yɔ. Mootɛɛɖɩ nakʊyʊ hɔŋna-ɖɩ nɛ ɖɩɖɛɣ ɛsɔdaa. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ paɖʊ miŋ camɩyɛ yɔ, pɩ-tɛ alɩwaatʊ kɛ ɛyʊ pɩzɩɣ ɛna mbʊ pɩɖɔŋ yɔ: kɩkʊyʊʋ, kɩɖɛɣ yaa kɩɩsɩŋgɩɣ yɔ, pɔyɔɔdʋʋ se ɛsɔdaalɔɔɖɩyɛ wɛ “voilure tournante” taa. Ɛsɔdaalɔɔɖɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna mbʊ pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩsɩna-ɖɩ nɛ ɖɩkʊyɩ ɛsɔdaa nɛ ɖitii ɖɩcɑɣ lɩm yɔɔ nɛ piiliki-ɖɩ yɔ, payaɣ-ɖɩ se “hydravion”. Ɛsɔdaa lɔɔɖa nayɛ wɛɛ nɛ ɛyʊ pɩzɩɣ ɛcaɣ a-taa nɛ pɩɖɛna-ɩ ɛsɔdaa tɩɩɩ nɛ ɛpɩzɩɣ etii ɖɔɖɔ tataa ɖɔɖɔ. Alɛ'lɛ, awɛna pɔbɔla ɛzɩ “skis” naa ñɩna yɔ nɛ payaɣ-yɛ se “Parapentes” waa. Weyi ɛsaɣ ɛsɔdaalɔɔɖɩyɛ yɔ, payaɣ-ɩ se “pilote” yaa “aviateur”; pɩkɛ halʊ kɔyɔ, payaɣ ɛlɛ se “aviatrice”.
Latin kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ payaʋ se “aviation” yɔ, pʊ-tɔbʋʋ se “sɩmaɣ lakaɣ”. Pɩnaɣ 1863 kɛ Gabriel de La Landelle calɩ tɔmbiye nɖɩ lɩzʋʋ. Tɔmbiye ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ takayaɣ ŋga payaɣ se “Aviation ou navigation sans ballon” yɔ ka-taa. Ka-taa lɛ, pɔyɔɔdʋʋ Jean-Marie Le Bris tɛ ɛsɔdaa kʊyʊʊ tɔm. Ɛkɛcaɣ anasayɩ ñɩɣyʋʋ nakʊyʊ taa nɛ kɩkakɩla heelim kɛ yʊŋ nɛ ɛkʊyɩ ɛsɔdaa tɩɩɩ nɛ ɛɖɛɛ. Pɩnaɣ 1875 kɛ Clément Ader lɩza tɔmbiye nɖɩ payaɣ se “Ɛsɔdaalɔɔɖɩyɛ” yɔ se ɛkɛdɩna wonuu ŋgʊ kɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ kʊkʊyɩ ɛsɔdaa yɔ. Kpaabgaa mbʊ lɛ, elu ñɩɣyʊʊ nakʊyʊ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1890 kɛ aloma fenaɣ 9 ñɩŋgʊ wiye nɛ ɛyaa-kʊ se “Eole” nɛ ɛkʊyɩna-kʊ ɛzɩ mɛta naa nɩɩnɩwa ɛsɔdaa nɛ pɩcɔ etii. Ɛ-hama lakasɩ nzɩ, sɩmaɣna e-ɖeke, eteyele se nɔɔyʊ ɛtɩlɩ-sɩ; mbʊ pɩyɔɔ yɔ, pɩɩkɛna mɛɛsaɣ tɛɛ tɔm ndʊ tihuuzaɣ peeɖe tɛ sɔɔjanaa yɔɔ yɔ.
Pɩnaɣ 1911 kɛ, Général Roques, weyi ɛtʊla sɔɔjanaa ɛsɔdaalɔɔɖɩyɛ ɖitiɖe yɔ, ɛkpaɣ lɩmazɩyɛ se mbʊ mbʊ pʊkʊyʋʋ ɛsɔdaa nɛ pitiki pɩcakɩ yɔ, payaɣ-pʊ se ɛsɔdaalɔɔɖa. Pɩɩtʋʋzɩna efemiye nɖɩ paɖʊwaɣ Clément Ader kɛ hɩɖɛ ɛ-sɩm wayɩ tɔzʊ yɔɔ yɔ. Ɛlɛ, keteŋa kpeekpe you kacalaɣ tɛ alɩwaatʊ taa kɛ tɔmbe: ɛsɔdaalɔɔɖɩyɛ nɛ ɛsɔdaalɔɔɖaɖidiɖe yaa ɛsɔdaalɔɔɖakadaɣ pɔtɔyaa.
Yakubu lɔkɔ ŋgbɛyɛ tɩnaa
Yakubu lɔkɔ ŋgbɛyɛ tɩnaa, pɩkɛ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlɩna ɛgɔlɩmɩyɛ wezuu haɖɛ tɩnaa cɔlɔ nɛ ɖɩwɛɛ keekee Alsace tɛtʊ taa. Pamazɩna Yakubu lɔkɔ nɛ payaa ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ hɩɖɛ, ɖɩwɛ Ɛsɔ Tɔm takayaɣ taa pɩñɔtɩna Sichem (ɖooo alɩwaatʊ kɩfatʊ taa Naplouse cɔlɔ kpam). Ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛ paɣzʊʊ Strasbourg tɛtʊ taa, pɩnaɣ 1974, ɛyaa nabɛyɛ pazɩ kpelaɣ ɖama kɛ kpɩtaʊ naalɛ wayi sukuli pɩɣa sɔsɔ halɩñɩŋa nakɛyɛ tɛ nɛ patɩmɩɣ, halɩpɩɣa ŋga kalakaɣ ɖɔkɔtɔ sukuli Strasbourg tɛtʊ taa.
Ɛyaa naalɛ yaa natozo mʊ fezuu kiɖeɖeu kʊjɔʊ ɛgɔlɩmɩyɛ wezuu ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa nɛ pɩkazɩ lalaa. Pɩkɔma aloma nɛ saŋayɩŋ fenasɩ taa lɛ, sukuli piya sɔsɔsɩ nasɩyɛ kpaɣ mazaɣ nɛ kujuka atɩma labʊ yɔɔ. Ɛyaa sakɩyɛ lɛɛzɩ pa-laŋa nɛ sakɩyɛ hiɣ fezuu kiɖeɖeu kʊjɔŋ siŋ. Mbʊ pɩkpaɣna nɛ papɩsɩ fezuu kiɖeɖeu atɩma ŋgbɛyɛ. Kpɛdɛyɛ lɛ panaɣ se pɩkɛ-wɛ kɩjɛyʊʊ pakɩtɩɣ ɖama paa kpɩtaʊ ŋgʊ lɛ halɩ pɩtalɩ tɔm nabʊlɛ mbʊ yɔ. Ŋgbɛyɛ ndɩ keekee lɛ, ɖɩñɔ Alsace kɛlɛ pɛcɛlɛ-ɖɩ fezuu ɖɩɣa nakɛyɛ Thumen (Plosbheim egeetiye taa). Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ ɖɩyɛla ɖɩtalɩ Togo taa kɛ Sɔgɔɖɛyɩ tɛtʊ taa, ɖenɖe ɖisiɣ ɖɔkɔtɔ tʊmɩyɛ yɔ nɛ pɩkɛ-wɛ tʊmɩyɛ piŋ pɩnaɣ 2002 pɩtɩŋna Ambroise Djoliba yɔɔ, ɛnʊ kɛna Sɔgɔɖɛyɩ episikopu.
Ayɩnstayɩnɩyɔm
Ayɩnstayɩnɩyɔm (yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɔyɔ Es) kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 99, paya-ɩ mbʊ pɩtɩŋna Albert Einstein hɩɖɛ ɖʊʊ yɔɔ. Ɛkɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi kɛ 99 nɛ ɛ-tɛ akɩtɩnɩdɩ waa tɛ kiŋ, ɛtɔʊʊ cɛnzɩ nɛ palaba-ɩ kɩlabʊ. Yee ɛjaɖɛ soŋaɣ nɛ ɛsɔkaɣ ɛwɛ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ, e-tomaɣ kɛ ñɩɣlɩm pɩyʊ pʊhʊma kpʊzɩyɛɛ liidiye tɩyɛ, ɛwɛɛ ɛzɩ ɖɔmbɩyɛ yɔ nɛ ɛ-nɔsɩ wɛɛ tayɩ tayɩ.
Pana ayɩnstayɩnɩyɔm pɩnaɣ 1952 pɩtɩŋna Albert Ghiono ɛlɛ ɛwɛ ɛzɩ agbele 253 ñɩnʊ. Pɔyɔkʊʊ akɩtɩnɩdɩ waa mba patakɩlɩ yuŋ yɔ nɛ nazɩyʊ sɩɣlɩyʊ fɛyɩ. Pehiɣki-ɩ ŋñɩɩ lɛ pɔyɔɔkʊʊ plʊtɔnɩyɔm 239.
Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ pʊtʊnaa kɩlaba lalaa yɔ, ayɩnstayɩnɩyɔm agbele naa tɔʊʊ cɛnzɩ sakɩyɛ nɛ pɔkɔŋna kʊɔmɩŋ sakɩyɛ ɛyʊ tɔnʊʊ taa yee pucoɖa nɛ pitii ɛ-taa kɔyɔ. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1952 pana ayɩnstayɩnɩyɔm ɛ nɛ fɛrmɩyɔm. Tʊma wena palaba pɩlɩna ayɩnstayɩnɩyɔm yɔɔ yeba nɛ pɛlɛzɩ nɛ posusi ɛ-tɔm lɛɣtʊ takayasɩ taa pɩnaɣ 1955. Ayɩnstayɩnɩyɔm yʊsaɣ mayaɣ taakɛ tam Es, ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ E.
Palaba tʊmɩyɛ nɛ ayɩnstanɩyɔm singularity tʊmɩyɛ taa ɛlɛ yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɩbɩnaɣ E kaawɛna. Paalɛ-ɩ naʊ pɩtɩŋna soviyetiki ɛyaa yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1952 kɛ Katorga 12 lɩm hɛkʊʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ taa.
1995
Pɩnaɣ 1995 kɛ pɩnaɣ 1995 ñɩŋga kɛ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ yɔ. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ taa lɛ, pɩnaɣ 1995 kɛŋna 95 ñɩŋga. Kɛwɛ pɩnzɩ 1994 nɛ 1996 hɛkʋ taa. =1995 taa lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ = Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ sɩnɛ yɔ sɩlaba :
Ɛsɩpaañɔlɩ kʊnʊŋ
Ɛsɩpaañɔlɩ yaa kasɩtɩlanɩ kʊnʊŋ kɛ Romanɩɩ kʊnʊŋ nakɛyɛ nɛ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ kɛ Ɛsɩpaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ Amerika ajɛyɛɛ sakɩyɛ taa nɛ ɖɔɖɔ kedeŋga taa ajɛyɛ wena paamʊ a-tɛtʊ nɛ ɖoŋ ɖoo canaʊ alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ a-daa.
Ɛsɩpaañɩ kʊnʊŋ lɩna Latɛnɩ cɩkpelʊʊ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ Cantabrique egitiye taa nɛ Ibérique ɛjaɖɛ ndɩ lɩm cɔɣɔ pɩta yɔ nɛ hayi kiŋ, kɩ-mɩzɩ nɛ kɩtɩŋgʊ Castille kewɩyaɣ walanzɩ pɩkɔ pɩtalɩ Afrika kedeŋga taa nɛ Amerika kedeŋga nɛ Aazii Pasɩfɩkɩɩ taa. Ɖɩnaɣ se kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ talɩʊ kɛ ajɛyɛ ana ada lɩna Ɛsɩpaañɩ ajɛyɛ tamaasʊ walanzɩ yɔɔ (empire espagnol) kɛ waasɩ hiʊ nɛ kɩgbaanzi nɛ hiʊ nɛ nakʊ alʊwaatʊ taa, canaʊ wɛɛɣ ana ayebina nɛ Romanɩ kʊnʊŋ kɛ ŋgʊ pakɩlɩ kʊ yɔɔdʊʊ nɔnɔ kɛ ajɛyɛ taa yɔ.
Ɛsɩpaañɩ pɩsa lʊlʊʊ taa kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kʊ-yɔɔdɩyaa tala ɛzɩ miliiyɔɔ waa 468 nɛ mba palakɩ na kʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ kedeŋga taa yɔɔdʊtʊ taa yɔ paba talɩ ɛyaa miliiyɔɔ waa 559. Mbʊ kɩ-kɛ kʊnʊŋ naatozo ŋgʊ kɛ kedeŋga taa yee ɖɩkpaɣ mba panɩʊ kʊ yɔ kɛ Sinii mandarɩnɩ nɛ Ɛnglɩsɩ kʊnʊmɩŋ wayi nɛ kɩ-kɛ naalɛ ŋgʊ yee ɖikpaɣ mba palʊla kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-ta nɛ pɔɔyʊʊ -kʊ yɔ. Ɛsɩpanñɩ kɛ kacalaɣ kʊnʊŋ lɛɛkʊ ŋgʊ ajɛyɛ yɔɔdʊʊ na ɖama yɔɔ nɛ Ɛnglɩsɩ nɛ Fransɩɩ tɔm.
Ñazɩyʊ sɔsɔ Gabriel
Ñazɩyʊ Gabriel kiɖeɖeu kɛna tiiyu weyi pɔyɔɔdɩɣ ɛ-tɔm kɛ Ɛsɔ tɔm takayaɣ kɩɖeɖeɣa taa nɛ Kooraŋ taa yɔ. Takayaɣ kiɖeɖeɣa taa lɛ, Ñazɩyʊ Sɔsɔ Gabriel kiɖeɖeu kɛŋna weyi Ɛsɔ tii Pɛlɛ Maria kelekele tʊ cɔlɔ se ehe-i se ɛkaɣ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊ yaɖʊ lʊlʊʊ nɛ fezuu lakasɩ taa yɔ. Paa nɛ takayaɣ kiɖeɖɣa taa yaa kooraŋ taa paayaɣ-ɩ se Ñazyɩʊ sɔsɔ kɔyɔ, pasɩma-ɩ se ɛkɛna Tɔm Kɩpandʊ heeyu.
Nɔɔ haʋ kɩbɩnʋʋ taa lɛ, Ñazɩyʊ sɔsɔ Gabriel kiɖeɖeu kɛŋna weyi ɛlɩza nayʊ Daanɩɛlɩ kɛ e-ɖoziye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛna hɩyaʊ nɛ tʊlʊʊ mbɔɔ yɔ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ yɔ. Ñazɩyʊ sɔsɔ Gabriel kiɖeɖeu ɛŋɛ, ɛnʊ yɔɔdɩna nɛ nayʊ nɔɔ se kawɩlaɣ nakayɩ kaɣ wɩlɩɣ kpɩtaŋ 70 taa.
Sɩlɩsɩyɔm
Sɩlɩsɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ taa pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 14 nɛ yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɔyɔ Si. Ɛkɛ ɖɔmbɛyɛ liɖe taa pʊtʊ. Ɛkɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ wayi lɛ, ɛtɔyɩ sakɩyɛ tɛtʊ pɔɔɖɛ taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ ɛ-tɛ hilimiye kɔyɔ 25,7%, ɛlɛ tʊʊzʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa lɛ, ɛtapazɩ ɛkɛ kɩjɛyɩɣ pʊtʊ nɔyɔ fezuu tɔm taa.
Ñazɩyʊ sɔsɔ Gabriel
Ñazɩyʊ sɔsɔ Gabriel kiɖeɖeu tɔbʊʊ nɛ hebra taa kɛlɛ se Ɛsɔ Ɖoŋ yaa Ɛsɔ kɛna mɔnɖoŋ nɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛwɩlɩɣ ɛ-tɩ kɛ nɔɔyʊ kɛ ɖom taa yaa ɖoziye taa yɔ, ɛtalɩ ɛyʊ saɖaɖaɖa (Dan 8:15; Dan 12:7). Ɛkɛ ɛzɩ weyi ɛwɛ Ɛsɔ nɩmɩyɛ yɔɔ yɔ.
Kooraŋ taa lɛ, Ala yɔɔdɩɣnɛ ɛ-nayaa nɛ tiiyaa nɔsɩ yaa ɖoza taa nɛ Ñazɩyʊ sɔsɔ Gabriel kiɖeɖeu.
Kulina kaɣlaa kɛ Ala tɔm yɔɔ nɛ ɛwili-tʊ e-Tiiyu Mohamet kɛ lone nɖi payaɣ-ɖɩ se Hiiraa yɔ ɖɩ-taa. Kooraŋ taa, Tiiyu Mohamet na Ñazɩyʊ sɔsɔ Gabriel kiɖeɖeu kɛ tɔm nabʊlɛ nɛ ɛkʊyɩ ñaba.
Sɩlɩsɩyɔm
Hɩɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlɩna latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa kɛnɛ silex, silicis nɛ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ se kaʊʊ yaa pɩcakpalɩmɩyɛ. Pɩpɩzɩɣ piyiiduu, Ɛnglɩsɩ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, silicon wɩlɩɣ se pɩkɛ sɩlɩsɩyɔm, silicone wɩlɩɣ sɩlɩsɩyɔm wonuu nɛ silica wɩlɩɣ se pɩkɛ pɩcakpalɩmɩyɛ. Sɩlɩsɩyɔm ŋgʊ ɖɩyɔɔdʊʊ kʊ-tɔm yɔ pɩnaɣ 1824 palɩ kɩ-yɔɔ pɩtɩŋna Berzelius yɔɔ.
Yee ɛjaɖɛ taa soŋgaɣ nɛ ɛsɔkaɣ ñɩɣyʊʊ ɛwɛ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ sɩlɩsɩyɔm wɛɣ kpeŋgeyem, nɛ pʊcɔ ɛpɩzɩ eyoli lɛ, ɛtalɩɣ 1414°C nɛ wasɩɣ ɖeɖe kɔyɔ 3265°C. Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ lɩm yɔ, ɛnʊ ɛkpɩndɩɣ lɩm ɖeɖe pɩkɩlɩɣ ɖenɖe ekpeŋela yɔ, ŋgʊ lɩm wondu lɛɛtʊ fɛyɩ mbʊ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ ɛkɛ wonuu ŋgʊ kɩhaɣ soŋgaɣ camɩyɛ yɔ.
Zɔɔrziyaa
Zɔɔrziyaa kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. Zɔɔrziyaa taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Atlanta nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Karoliinii nɛ hadɛ kiŋ nɛ atlantikii kujomuu, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ lɛ Alabaamaa, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Floriidii tɛtʊ wɛna, piyele nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ teneesii ɛjaɖɛ ñɛwɛna. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Atlantaa nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ.
Pamaza Zɔɔrziyaa ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 154 077 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 150 132 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 3 945 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 2,6 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 45 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ naanza ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naalɛ nkʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1788. Pɩnaɣ 2017 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 1 042 379 yɔ.
Payaɣ Zɔɔrziyaa ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Nathan Deal (R) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: David Perdue (R) nɛ Johnny Isakson (R).