cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Afrika Wɩsɩɖʋɖʋyɛ Ajɛyɛ Tɔsʋʋ Ŋgbɛyɛ (CEDEAO)
Ajɛya nɛ kewiyisi ñʋndɩnaa ɖʋ mbʋ mbʋ se pɩsɩna siɣsiɣ tʋma, laŋhɛzɩyɛ nɛ ɖiɣɖiɣ caɣʋ yɔ, pɩ-taa nabʋyʋ yɔ CEDEAO taa paɣtʋ lɩzʋʋ pɩlʋʋ, tɔm hʋʋtɩŋ nɛ you kalɩɩnale sɔɔjanaa.
Yee paa pɩkɛna toovenim se mbʋ mbʋ pɩwɛ sɔnɔ nɛ pɩkɛna laŋhɛzɩyɛ yɔɔ maɣzʋʋ wondu yɔ, yoŋ kaʋ kaɣʋ, ɩ-hɛzʋʋ nɛ i-loluu nɛ ɩ-lʋbɩnaʋ, pɩtɩŋɛ pɩkɛ pʋyʋ kɩbanʋ yɔ, ɖama taa sʋʋ nɛ lɩʋ lʋʋlʋʋ mbʋ kɩfam yɔ, pʋpɔzʋʋ se kaca nɛ kaca lɛ, patɩm-pʋ, pesiɣti lakasɩ, nɛ paɖʋ aɖaŋnaa kɩfama nɛ pɩɖaɣnɩ wazʋʋ pɩkɩlɩ. Pɩ-nʋmaʋ taa patam nɔɔ se lɔŋwɩlʋʋ nɛ lɔŋwɩlʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ labɩnaʋ pɛkɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ ɛɛwɛɛ tam Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Pɩ-taa tɩɩwɛ nɩʋ yee ŋmaɣzɩna ñɛ-sɩyɛ yɔ, ŋnaɣ se lɛŋ tɩnaa (evebiya nɛ pɛlaa) ɖɔ pɩŋŋ. Nɛ pɩwɛɛ se paka lɛŋ tɩnaa mba pa-ñʋŋ taa ɖeu nɛ pátɩŋɩna sukuli wɩlʋʋ yɔɔ nɛ panɩɩ laŋhɛzɩyɛ yɔɔ maɣzʋʋ tam tɔm. Pʋ-yɔɔ CEDEAO ma kɩlabɩm taa nɩʋ wɩlʋʋ takayaɣ, kawazɩɣ wɩlɩyaa wɩlɩyʋ halɩñɩnʋ nɛ abalɩñɩnʋ, nɛ kɩ-ɛgbaɣdɩnaa ɖʋ-kʋ nesi. Paba taa nabɛyɛ yɔ UNESCO-BREDA ŋgʋ ki-kpelaɣ wɛ Dakar yɔ nɛ Afrika huu pankɩ (BAD).
Pɩnaɣ 2006 kpalaahoye pazɩ lʋʋ. Ɛyaa cɔ Afrika hɔɔlʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa se panɩɩ ɛyaa nɔsɩ taa. CEDEAO hɔɔlʋʋ taa Laŋhɛzɩyɛ tɔm taa karɩsɩ kasɩma pʋ-yɔɔwaa nɛ UNESCO taa ñɩmba paba ñɔsɔzɩ pa-tɩlɩtʋ nɛ Wɩlʋʋ takayaɣ kanɛ kɛkɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ loluu tɩnaa pʋyʋ sɔsɔ Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa.
Takayaɣ taa wɛ wɩlʋʋ tindima lʋbɛ (7) nɛ a-tɔm taɣna : laŋhɛzɩyɛ yɔɔ maɣzʋʋ tam nɛ Kuyoziŋ nɩmaŋ ɖɩɣʋ nɛ ɩ-hɛzʋʋ; Ɛyʋ waɖɛ; Tɛbaɣwɛtʋ nɛ Ɛjaɖɛ tʋ; Demokrasii nɛ komina ɛjaɖɛ camɩyɛ ɖɔkʋʋ; Hɑlɩtʋ nɛ ɑbɑlɩtʋ pa-kɩmɑŋ tɔm nɛ Huuu ; Samaɣ alaafɩya, tɛtʋ nɛ tɩ-yɔɔ ñɩm nɛ huuu leɖuu; nɛ ɖama taa sʋʋ nɛ lɩʋ. Paa wɩlʋʋ tindimiye nɖɩ lɛ, ɖɩ-taa wɛ Kɩkpɛlɛkɩtʋ nɛ paa Kɩkpɛlɛkɩtʋ ndʋ lɛ, tɩ-taa wɛ kanɖaʋ mabʋ, takayɩsɩ nzɩ sɩ-taa ɛyʋ pɩzɩɣ ɛkalɩ nɛ ɛtasɩ pɩ-taa nɩʋ yɔ, kaɖʋ́sɩ sɔsɔsɩ nzɩ sɩwɩlɩɣ wɩlɩyʋ nʋmaʋ yɔ, cɔlʋʋ kpatanaa mba wɩlɩyʋ pɩzɩɣ ɛpɩsɩ-wɛ ɛzɩ ɛsɔɔlʋʋ yɔ nɛ pʋmʋna yaa pʋɖʋzɩna wɩlʋʋ wondu ndʋ tɩwɛ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ colo. Ɖɔɖɔ’lɛ, wɩlɩyaa wɩlʋʋ takayaɣ ŋga, ka-tʋmɩyɛ labɩnɩyʋ pɩzɩɣ ɛtɩŋɩna kɔ-yɔɔ ɛzɩ ɛsɔɔlʋʋ yɔ, ɛwɩlɩna wɩlɩyaa mba pawɩlɩɣ sukulina maɣmaɣ taa yaa pana ñaɣʋ sukulina taa yɔ, paa sukuli ɖaŋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa pawɩlɩɣ.
Wɩlʋʋ takayaɣ kaɖʋ́wa yeli’lɛ se kawɩlɩ wɩlɩya sakɩyɛ CEDEAO taa nɛ pɛwɛɛna wɩlʋʋ tɩlɩtʋ siŋŋ, ɛlɛ, pɛ-wɛtʋ taa ɛwɩlɩ ɖɔɖɔ se koobiye sɔɔlɩm, lakasɩ kɩbanzɩ yɔɔ ɖɔm nɛ pɔ-ɖɔnɛ taa’lɛ, laŋhɛzɩyɛ tɔm yɔɔ pekpeetiɣ. Pɩkpɛndɩna ɖama kàtʋʋ nɛ caɣ ɖɩcaɣ nɛ ñaɖʋʋ ɛtaawɛɛ.
Ḿbʋ ɖɩcaɣ se CEDEAO taa wɩlʋʋ takayaɣ kanɛyɔ laŋhɛzɩyɛ yɔɔ maɣzʋʋ tam, Ɛyʋ waɖɛ, Ɛjaɖɛ tʋ; Demokrasii nɛ komina ɛjaɖɛ camɩyɛ ɖɔkʋʋ pɔ-yɔɔ’lɛ, wɩlɩyaa wɩlɩyaa tikaɣ sɔsɔa ɩsɩm-kɛ nɛ pɩha nɩmaɑʋ nɛ Ajɛya wena atatɩɩwɛnɩda wɩlʋʋ lɩmaɣza ana yɔ, akpaɣ-yɛ asɩɩna a-tɩ, nɛ wena alɛ tɛma-yɛ wɛnaʋ yɔ, asiɣti ɖenɖe pʋmʋnaa yɔ yaa asuyi mbʋ pɩtaawɛ pɛ-tɛ yɔ.
Filozofii
Filozofii, pɩlɩna Krɛkɩ kɩbɩnʋʋ taa tɔmbiye φιλοσοφία cɔlɔ (pɛkpɛnda φιλεῖν, philein : « sɔɔlʋʋ » ; nɛ σοφία, sophia : « ɛsɛtʋʋ sɩmtʋ»), nɛ pɩkɛna : « ɛsɛtʋʋ sɩmtʋ sɔɔlʋʋ ».
Pɩkɛkɛna kɩlabɩm nɛ sɩmtʋ piliŋga nakɛyɛ ɖoo Antikitee taa Wɩsɩɖʋɖʋyɛ nɛ Wɩsɩɖɩlɩyɛ. Pɩkɛkɛna kedeŋga nɛ ɛyʋ ɛwɛyɛ pɔ-yɔɔ tɔmpɔzʋʋ, pɔ-tɔm tɔbʋʋnɩʋ nɛ pɔ-yɔɔ maɣzɩm labʋ. Kɩñɩnaɣ wembu yɔ, pʋɖɔwa : toovenim tɔm ñɩnʋʋ ; kɩbandʋ, keɖewa nɛ siɣsiɣtʋ pɔ-yɔɔ maʋzɩm labʋ ; wezuu caɣʋ nɛ koboyaɣ pɔ-tɔbʋʋ nɩʋ ñɩnʋʋ.
Filozofii tɛkɛna sɩmtʋ, kɩtɛkɛna sɩmtʋ huuye, ɛlɛ sɩmtʋ wendu tʋɖɔna wɛʋwɛʋ yɔ, tʋ yɔɔ lɩmaɣza labʋ nʋmɔʋ ɖɔm. Ɖooo kɩ-ɖɩñɔyɛ taa’a kɩkama ñʋʋ ndɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ nɛ lɩmaɣza ɖamatiitinaʋ pɔ-yɔɔ. Pʋ-yɔɔ papɩzɩɣ pɔtɔ se kɩkɛkana kɔnsɛptɩwaa yɔɔ taatazʋʋ, tɔbʋʋ lɩzʋʋ, lubu yaa maɣzʋʋ pa-kɩlabɩm.
Filozofii fɛyɩ ɛzɩ sciences naturelles, sciences formelles nɛ sciences humaines yɔ. Tɛŋgʋ kɩ-ɖɩñɔyɛ taa ’lɛ, kɩñɔkɔyɩna-wɛ. Filozofii talɩzɩ nabʋyʋ solo yaa pi-ɖeke se pʋ-yɔɔ kɩlakɩ tʋmɩyɛ. Kɛlɛ, kɩ-taa wɛ hɔɔlɩŋ sɔsɔŋ ndɩndɩ ɛzɩ loziki, etiki, metafiziki, politikifilozofii nɛ sɩmtʋ lɩmaɣzɩyɛɖoyo. Alɩwaatʋ wɛɛ tɩɖɛʋ nɛ tɩɖɛʋ’lɛ, hɔɔlɩŋ sɔsɔŋ lɛɛŋ kɔɔ ɩsɔzɩ pʋ-yɔɔ : ɩlɛ’ɛ yɔ ɛzɩtetiki, waɖɛ filozofii, sɩyansɩwaa tɔm filozofii (yaa episitemolozii), feziŋ tɔm filozofii, anthropologie philosophique, yaa yɔɔdɩtʋ filozofii.
John Ford
John Ford, weyi palʊla-ɩ nɛ palabɩ-ɩ lʊlʊʊ takayaɣ lɛ paya-ɩ se John Martin Feeney. Ɛyʊ ɛnɛyɔ ɛɛkɛ hendʊ teu tʊmɩyɛ laɖʊ nɛ tɩ-lɩzɩyʊ kɛ Amerika ɛjaɖɛ taa. Palʊla-ɩ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 1 pɩnaɣ 1894 Cape Elizabeth pɩcɔtɩna Portland (Maine tɛtʊ taa) nɛ ɛsɩ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 31 pɩnaɣ 1973 Palm Desert (Califormie). Ɛmʊ niye laɖa ta mbʊ lɛ, ɛmʊ pɩ-tɛ kɩhɛyʊʊ tam nabʊnza.
Pasɩma kɛlɛm kɛlɛm naa pɩlʊʊ nakʊyʊ nɛ kɩlakɩ kʊñʊŋ piŋ nɛ ɛzɩma ɛ-tɛ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm naa sakɩyɛ leba yaa natozo yɔɔ lɛ, kʊyʊm mbilim fɛyɩ. Pada lɛɛkʊ Upstream (pɩnaɣ 1927) paamaza se kileba ɛlɛ kitele, pʊwayi lɛ, pɔkɔɔ pana-kʊ Seelandɩ Kɩfalʋʋ mɩsɩgʊm fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 2010. John Feeney, weyi ɛkaɣ kɛʊ John Ford yɔ palʊla-ɩ Irlandi caɣyaa nabɛyɛ liɖe taa. Ɛ-caa tɛ kaakɛ nɛ An Spidéal kiŋ Galway ajɛyɛ taa. E-ɖoo tɛ Aran lɩm cɔ ajɛyɛ wena nɛ pɩta yɔ ataa kiŋ. John kɛ tɩnʊʊ kɛ piya hiu nɛ kʊyʊm hɛkʊ taa ɛlɛ pada natozo sɩba cɩɩɩ cɩɩɩ, nɛ naalɛ ñasɩ lɛ pɛwɛna pɩnzɩ pazɩ pazɩ yem nɛ piya kʊdɔmɩŋ. Ɛ-caa kaatɛma kɛʊ kpagbasɩ kpayʊ nɛ lakʊ taa ɛyʊ wayi lɛ, ɛkʊyɩ nɛ ɛɖɛɛ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa pɩnaɣ 1872 nɛ ɛpɩsɩ ɛ-tɩ Amerika tʊ pɩnaɣ 1878 yaa 1880. Ɛyʊ ɛnɛyɔ ɛtʊlɩ Portland speakeasy pɩnaɣ 1897 ɖenɖe Irlandi ɛyaa samaɣ kpeɣluu peeɖe tɛtʊ taa yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1914, John Martin ma ɛ-hɩɖɛ Maine sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ ɛlɛ wiɖii etowolo kɩ-taa kpa nɛ ɛna. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛ-ɖalʊʊ Francis kaawɛ ɛyɔɔdʊʊna-ɩ Hollywood tɔm. John Martin kpaɣ maɣzɩm mbʊ se ɛlɩzɩ-ɩ pɩ-taa. Pʊkɔma hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ taa lɛ, ewolo Hollywood nɛ ɛpɩsɩ-ɩ ɛ-ɛyʊ weyi ɛlakɩ-ɩ pɩtɩŋa yɔ. Pʊwaza kɛlɛ nɛ ɛtɩlɩ sɩnɩma tʊma wena ɛ-ɖalʊʊ lakaɣ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm naa mba ɛ-ɖalʊʊ teɣa nɛ ɛlakɩ yɔ.
Kɔyɛ labʊ
Kɔyɛ laɖʊ yaa kɔyɛ laɖaa yaa ɖɔɖɔ fɛɖʊ yaa fɛɖaa kɛna ɛyaa mba ɛsɔ ha-wɛ tɩŋ yaa ñɩtʊ wazaɣ yaa wazasɩ ndɩ ndɩ yɔ. Ɛzɩma se tɩʊ kɔnɛ ki-liɖe, kɩ-pɔɔɖɛ yaa kɩ-hatʊ wazɩɣ kʊdɔŋ kʊnɛ yaa kʊnɛ. Paalakɩ kɔyɛ kɛ yem. Weyi pɩha-ɩ camɩyɛ yɔ, ɛ-kɩnaʊ kɛ ɛtʊsʊʊ nɛ eleeu kɩpanʊ yaa aleewaa kɩpama wɩlɩ-ɩ ɛzɩma ɛkpaɣ kɔyɛ ɖɩnɛ yaa ɖɩnɛ nɛ ɛwaa kʊdɔŋ kʊnɛ yaa kʊnɛ. E-aleewaa kɩdɩɣna-ɩ se eheyi kʊdɔndʊ yaa kɔdɔndɩnaa ɛzɩma pakpaɣ kɔyɛ yɔ. Kɔyɛ labʊ tɛkɛ faalaa tʊmɩyɛ. Pɩkɛna mbʊ pɩlɩʊ hɔʊ hɔʊ yɔ nɛ liɖe pɩtɩŋɩɣ. Palakɩɣ ɛyʊ kɔyɛ yɔ, pɩtaha-ɩ waɖɛ nɛ ɛtasɩ pɩtɩŋa tɔɔʊ yem yem, kʊsɔmtʊ wɛɛ nɛ kɔyɛ laɖʊ heyɩɣna-mbʊ ŋla yaa ŋtaala yɔ, mbʊ ŋtɔɔ nɛ mbʊ ŋtaatɔɔ yɔ. Nabʊyʊ taa pɩtaha waɖɛ se kʊtɔndʊ eɖukina halʊ yaa ɛsʊʊna-ɩ. Kʊdɔndʊ yɔɔ cɛkɩ lɛ, kɔyɛ laɖʊ pɔzɩɣ-ɩ kileku yaa kilekiŋ nɛ yee pɩcɩoba-ɩ nɛ ɛtaha ɖozi yaa kileku ŋgʊ yɔ, ɛ-kʊdɔŋ ɖaɣnɩɣ pɩsɩʊ nɛ pɩkɩlɩ ɛzɩ kacalaɣ taa yɔ.
Kʊdɔmɩŋ weyi ɛkɩlɩ tɔyɩɣ yaa pakɩlɩ-ɩ wazɩɣ kɔ laɖaa tɛ yɔ ɛ-taa kɔyɔ: Tɩŋ, cɔka yaa ñɩtʊ ndʊ pakɩlɩʊ-tʊ wazɩnaʊ yɔ tɩ-taa kɔyɔ: Yee pɩkɛ aleewaa kʊdɔŋ kɔyɔ, nabʊyʊ taa lɛ, tɩʊ weyi ɛlakɩ kɔyɛ yɔ ɛnʊ panaɣ. Pɩkɛ ɛzɩ kɩzɩŋdɔkɩm kʊdɔŋ kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna kʊdɔndʊ ɛnʊ se ɛla sɔnzɩ nzɩ payaɣ se nɔɔ pɩsɩnaʊ yɔ nɛ pʊcɔ ɛ-yɔɔ cɛ. Yee pañɩba hayɩm taa yaa haɖʊ ñazaa se lɛsɩ yaa tɛtɛ wondu ɛtaawɛɛkɩ ɛ-tɔɔnaɣ nɛ nɔɔyʊ mɩlɩ taŋgayɩ ɛnʊ yɔ, kʊdɔŋ kpaɣ-ɩ nɛ pɩkɛna mɩlʊ ɛnʊ kɩcɛyʊʊ se eheyi ɛkɩwɛkɩm taa samaɣ ɛsɩndaa kaɣlaa se ɛnʊ mɩlɩna pʊcɔ ɛ-yɔɔ cɛ. Yee pɩkɛ ɖɔm ɛñasɩna nɔɔyʊ kɔyɔ, pohokina-ɩ kɔyɛ pɩyɛ yɔɔ lɛ, kɔyɛ laɖʊ pɔzʊ-ɩ tɔm nɛ pʊcɔ. Yee ɛwɛna kɩnaʊ pɩwɛɛ se ɛyɔɔdɩ pʊcɔ. Ɛtɔyɔɔdɩ teevenim kɔyɔ pɛcɛlɩɣ-ɩ kɔyɛ nɛ ɛñɔɔ lɛ, ɛtɔʊ nɛ calɩm nɛ pɩlɩʊ ɛ-naŋgbaaŋ nɛ ɛ-mɔɔŋ taa nɛ ɛsɩkɩ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se ɛcaɣ kɩdɛkɛdɩm labʊ kɛnɛ pʊcɔ ɖom ñasɩɣ-ɩ. Kɔyɛ laɖʊ cɛlɩɣ weyi ɖom ñasa mbʊyɔ lɛ ɛpaŋ ɛ-nɔɔ kɛ kɩcɩkpʊʊ taa nɛ ɛkpɛzɩ kela.
Hadɛtʊ
Hadɛtɩnaa kɛna mba pɛtɛma sɩbʊ nɛ pakandayʊ ɛsɛndɩnaa yɔɔ yɔ. Paatasɩɣ-wɛ naʊ nɛ ɛsa. Ɛlɛ pɩtɛkɛ sɩɖaa tɩŋa kɛgna hadɛ tɩnaa. Kabɩyɛ taa lɛ, mba pasɩba sɩm kɩpam yɔ, peɖeke papɩzɩɣna pɩkɛ hadɛ tɩna. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se nabɛyɛ sɩkɩ sɩm kɩtɛkɛdɩm. Mba pasɩba camɩyɛ yɔ yaa pasɩba sɩm kɩpam yɔ, palakɩ pɛ-lɛsɩ kɩpanzɩ nɛ mba patasɩ sɩm kɩpam yɔ, palakɩ papa lɛsɩ kɩdɛkɛdsɩ.
Mba kɛ pɔtɔŋ se pasɩba sɩm kɩdɛkɛdɩm? Mba pasɩba sɩm kɩdɛkɛdɩm yɔ pa-taa kɔyɔ pɩɣa kʊhɔlɩsaɣ yaa piya kʊhɔlɩsɩsɩ, pɩɣa afolom, halʊ hɔɔtʊ yaa halaa hɔsɩ tɩnaa, canaɣ yaa canasɩ,lɩumkpaɣʊ yaa lɩmkpaɣyaa, kaalʊlaɣ yaa kaalʊlasɩ, ɛɖanɛ yaa aɖama,tɩkʊyʊ yaa tɩkʊyaa.
Pʊtɔbʊʊ kɛlɛ se mba pakʊyaa nɛ pala tʊma ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ cɩnɛ, pɛwɛna piya nɛ pasɩ camɩyɛ nɛ pa-sɩm tɔkɔna wiliu nɛ ɛsɩtɛɛlɩm yɔ nɛ pala pɛ-lɛsɩ nɛ taaleleŋ yɔ peeɖe pɛkɛŋna hadɛ tɩnaa. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ɛyaa ɛsɩndɩnaa mba pɔ-yɔɔ pakandɩɣ yɔ, mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ palakɩ pa-tʊmaa camɩyɛ nɛ kɩdɛkɛdɩm nabʊyʊ ɛɛkaɣ-wɛ talɩʊ. Hadɛtʊ yaa hadɛtɩnaa panɛ pɛwɛʊ ɖɩɣa taa nɛ pamaɣ-wɛ kumola nɛ a-yɔɔ kɛ palaɣ nɛ palɔʊ nɔsɩ ndɩ ndɩ.
Akira Kurosawa
Akira Kurosawa (黒澤 明, Kurosawa Akira), ɛɛkɛ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm naa tʊmɩyɛ laɖʊ, ɛkɛ lɩzɩyʊ, tanaŋ yaa amʊza laɖʊ, palʊla-ɩ Tokiyo tɛtʊ taa lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 23 pɩnaɣ 1910 nɛ ɛsɩ Tokyo tɛtʊ taa peeɖe salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 6 pɩnaɣ 1998 alɩwaatʊ taa. Ɛ-nɛ Yasujirō Ozu nɛ Kenji Mizoguchi, ɛɛkɛ sinimaɣ naa tʊmɩyɛ labɩya taa waɖʊ sɔsɔ nɔyʊ kɛ wɛɛ ana a-tɛ alɩwaatʊ taa. Pɩnzɩ 57 taka taa mbʊ yɔ ɛpɩza ɛla kɛlɛm kɛlɛm naa 30 tʊmɩyɛ.
Akira Kurosawa paza ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ ɛzɩ sɩnɩyʊ nɛ tanaŋ laɖʊ pɩnaɣ 1936. Pɩnaɣ 1943, kedeŋga kpeekpe you sɔsɔʊ alɩwaatʊ taa, ɛla ɛ-tɛ kajalaɣ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm (Sugata Sanshiro). Lutozo ŋgʊ lɩɩ pɩnaɣ 1948 nɛ pasam-kʊ kpem nɛ ɛ-hɩɖɛ kʊyɩ ɛsɔta. Kɛlɛm kɛlɛm ŋgʊ lɩzɩyʊ Toshirō Mifune paɣzɩna nɛ ɛlɩzɩ lalaa papa kpɛndɩ 16 ɛ-nɛ Kurosawa.
Palʊla Akira pɩnaɣ 1910 kɛ Ōmori kooka taa (Shinagawa hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊ) Tokiyo tɛtʊ taa. Ɛ-caa Isamu, palʊla ɛlɛ samouraïs liɖe taa kɛ Akita egeetiye taa, ɛɛkɛ sukuli hɔɔlʊʊ kɩlɛlʊʊ taa sɔɔjana hoɖe tʊmɩyɛ wɩlʊʊ ñʊʊ tʊ, ŋgʊ e-ɖoo ñaakɛ Osaka liɖe naɖɩyɛ taa tadɩyɛ laɖaa tʊ. Ɛɛkɛ tɩnʊʊ pɩɣa kɛ piyaa lʊbɛ taa. Pa-taa naalɛ katɛma paɣlʊʊ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ palʊla-ɩ yɔ nɛ ɛ-kɔɔ nɔyʊ ñatɩsɩbʊ pɩnzɩ pazɩ wayɩ yem. Kurosawa paɣlɩ ɛ-ɖalaa natozo nɛ ɛ-kɔɔna hɛkʊ taa kɛnɛ.
Pʊkɔma nɛ sinema ŋgʊ kɩyɔɔdʊʊ yɔ kɩlɩ lɛ pɩnzɩ 1930 alɩwaatʊ taa mbʊ yɔ lɛ, liidiye kɛtɛɖaɣ kpa Heigo, kʊyʊm ɛnʊ payaɣ mbʊ nɛ pɩkɛ-ɩ kɩjɛyʊ se ɛpɩsɩ ɛ-caa naa cɔlɔ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ese-wɛ. Mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1933 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, Heigo kʊ ɛ-tɩ nɛ ɛ-halʊ. Fenasɩ naanza wayi ɛzɩ ɛsɩbʊ yɔ lɛ, ɛ-ɖalʊ kajalaɣ tʊ yaa sɔsɔ ñɩnʊ ɖɔɖɔ ñasɩ.
Akra
Akra kɛŋna Kana ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩlɩ ɖɔʊ yɔ nɛ ndʊ ɖɔdɔ lɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa politiki tɔm, tɔsʊʊ nɛ ɛsɩndaa wobu pɛwɛɛ yɔ.
Pɩnaɣ 2000 taa pakali tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa lɛ pɛkpɛnda 1 658 937 nɛ pɩnaɣ 2009 lɛ ɛyaa ɖɛ ɛzɩ miloyɔɔnaa 2 263 785. Peeɖe maalika ñʊʊdʊ payaɣ se Alfred Okoe Vanderpuije.
Windɔkɩ
Windɔkɩ kɛna Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ naɖɩyɛ nɛ tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩkɛ Namibi ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ. Ɖooo lɛ Windɔkɩ tɛtʋ kaakɛna Caama ñazɩya mba paawɛ Afrika taa yɔ pɛ-tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ. Tɩpɩsa Namibi ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ yɔ, pɩnzɩ 1990 wayɩ, alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩmʋ ɖɩ-tɩyɔɔ xɛʋ yɔ. Tɛtʋ ndʋ ɖɔɖɔ kɩlɩna walanzɩ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa.
Peeɖe kɛ palakɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛ politiki kediizasi sɔsɔsɩ, amʋʋza ndɩ ndɩ, tɔsʋʋ liidiya nɛ ɛsɩndaa wobu tʋma kpeekpe. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1844 kɛ sɔdʋʋ ŋgʋ payaɣ-kʋ se Jonker Afrikaner yɔ yɔ, ɛya tɛtʋ ndʋ hɩɖɩ nɖɩ se Windɔkɩ, pʋtɔbʋʋ se Heelim ɖeɖe. Kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 2014 lɛ, Windɔkɩ tɛtʋ maaliki yɔɔ cɔnɩyʋ kɛ payaɣ se Muesee Kazapua nɛ tɛtʋ tʋnɛ nɛ tɩɖʋ taabalɩyɛ yaa ɖama nɩnaʋ nɛ ɛsɩnda wobu nɛ tʋma labʋ nɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ natʋyʋ: Pɛrɩlɛɛ (Caama) nɛ Tuwala (Kameruni).
Hafez
Hafez hɩɖɛ keekee kɛlɛ Khouajeh Chams ad-Din Mohammad Hafez-e Chirazi. Ɛkɛ abalʋ lɛɣtʋ siŋŋ tʋ. Abalʋ ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ Iraŋ tʋ.
Ɖajaa Hafez ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ keɣa maɖʋ. Pɩtasɩɩna piɖeke, ɛlɛ ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ filoozɔfʋ. Hafez Iraŋ ɛjaɖɛ piɣa kanɛ, kɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ, hama tɔm tʊmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkɩyʋ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa. Paa pɩɩla ɛzɩma kɔyɔ, ɖajaa Hafez ɛnɛ, pɩnaɣ 1337 taa mbʋ yɔ palʋlɩ-ɩ. Palʋla-ɩ Chiraz tɛtʋ taa. Chiraz tɛtʋ wɛ Iraŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ hiŋ loɖo nɛ nakʊ (69) lɛ ɛsɩba.
Bayɩkalɩ Kujomuu
Bayɩkalɩ Kujomuu kɛ kujomuu ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Siberii nɛ haɖɛ kiŋ nɛ Ruusii nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩkyɛ taa kiŋ. Kɩ-tɛ wɛ leleŋ nɛ pʊwɛ kekele nɛ ŋna pɩtɛ pɩtalɩ mɛta waa 40. Payaɣ-kʊ nabʊyʊ taa se Siberii ciiyaɣ. Moŋgolɩ ñɩma mba palɛwɛʊ kʊ-cɔlɔ yɔ payaɣa-kʊ se Ɛsɔ teŋguu. Kɩ-ɖalakɩŋ maɣna kilomɛta waa 636 nɛ walanzɩ kɔyɔ kilomɛta waa 24 ntalɩ kilomɛta waa 79 nɛ kɩ-tɛ tɛʈʊ yɔ walanzɩ kɔyɔ kilomɛta waa 31722 kpɛɛ ko nɛ kɩ-pɩsɩ kujomuu loɖo ŋgʊ kedeŋga kpeekpe taa. Kɩkɛ kujomuu ngʊ kɩkɩlɩɣ liŋguu yɔ. Kɩ-tɛ liŋguu talɩ mɛta waa 1642 nɛ kɩcaɣ ahɔya wena a-yɔ yɔ a-talɩɣ Mɛta waa 7000. Kɩwɛ Iablonovy nɛ Bargouzine pɔŋ hɛkʊ taa nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kiŋ nɛ Bayikalɩ pɔŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa.
Kujomuu ŋgʊ kʊmʊʊ 336 pɔsɔ lɩm paa ɛzɩmtaa pada kɛlɛ Selenga kɩ-tɛ nɛ Mongolii ɛjaɖɛ taa kiŋ. Tɛʊ lɩm mbʊ kɩmʊʊ yɔ lɛɛzɩɣ paa pɩnaɣ ŋga nɛ pɩtalɩ miilimɛta waa 200 ntalɩ 500 nɛ haɖɛ kiŋ lɛ, pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩtalɩ miilimɛta waa 500 ntalɩ 900. Papɩzɩɣ pasaɣ mɛlɛnaa kʊ-yɔ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ taa nɛ salaŋ fenaɣ taa yeke. Kpaɣ pɩnaɣ taa fenasɩ lɛɛsɩ taa lɛ, ɖɔmpɛɛ huuzina kɔyɔ nɛ a-tɛ kʊkʊyʊmɩŋ kpaɣ niika alɩwaatʊ pɩzɩɣ talɩ mɛta kʊyʊmʊʊ ntalɩ 1,5 nɛ halɩ mɛta waa waa naalɛ hɔɔlɩŋ nɩiyɛ taa nɛ pɩhaɣ waɖɛ ɛyaa nɛ lɔɖaa se pɔɖɔ.
Liibaŋ
Liibaŋ kɛna Prosɩ-Oriaŋ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa pʊŋ kɩlɩna wɛʊ. Liibaŋ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Siirii ɛjɑɖɛ wɛna nɛ kilomɛtanaa talɩɣ ɛzɩ 376 yɔ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ, Izrɛɛlɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ kilomɛtanaa 79.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-paɣtʊ yɔɔdɩɣ se pʊwɛɛ se pɩkɛna kɩcɛyʊʊ ɖɩ-ñʊʊtʊ ɛkɛna krɩstʊ-tʊ nɛ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa lɩzɩɣna-ɩ nɛ pʊwɛɛ se ɛyaa naalɛ kɛ naatozo ɛlɩzɩna-ɩ; ɛlɛkɩ pɩnzɩ looɖo. Ɖooo agoza fenaɣ 25 pɩnaɣ 2014, Liibaŋ tatɩɩlɩzɩta ɖɩ-ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ.
Benoît Nursie tʋ
Palʊla Benoît de Nursie kɛ Nursie tɛtʊ taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 480 yaa 490 taa nɛ ɛsɩ pɩnaɣ 543 yaa 547 taa kɛ monastère du Mont-Cassin taa. Katolika mba cɔlɔ nɛ Orthodoxe mba cɔlɔ lɛ, Benoît de Nursie kɛna weyi ɛtʊla monasitɛɛrɩ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Ordre des Bɛnɛdɩctɩn yɔ. Katolika mba nɛ Orthodoxe mba cɔlɔ lɛ ɛyʊ kiɖeɖeu ɛnɛ ɛkɛŋna tuuɖe tɛtʊ taa kɛ muwaaninaa cɔzɔ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ɛtʊla ɛtɛ monasitɛɛrɩ nɛ ɛɖʊ paɣtʊ yaa ɛɖʊ ɖɔnɛ nɖɩ pɩwɛɛ se muwaani ɛɖɔ yɔ lɛ, pɩcaɣ camɩyɛ nɛ monasitɛɛɖɩnaa wɛɛ nɛ halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ pɛwɛ nɛ pɔɖɔŋ tɩ-yɔɔ.
Palɩzɩɣ Benoît de Nursie kiɖɛɖeu ɛlɛ, esu toko kɩkpɛdɩɣ waa ŋgʊ benedikitiŋwaa suu yɔ nɛ ɛɖɔka takayaɣ e-nee tɛɛ. Payaɣ Benoît de Nursie caa se Eutrope, Justinien Probus lʊlɩna-ɩ; nɛ e-ɖoo kɛ payaɣ se Abbondanza Claudia de' Reguardati di Norcia. Ɛyʊ kɩɖeɖeu ɛnɛ, ɛwɛna kɔɔ nɛ ɛlɛ payaɣ se Scholastique. Palʊla-ɩ krɩstʊ hɔʊ taa nɛ paya-ɩ Benoît, pʊtɔbʊʊ se nɔɔ kɩpaŋa lɔʊ yaa Ɛsɔ wazaɣ. Pɛwɛ Nursi tɛtʊ taa, nɛ ɛzɩ paa pɔɔ ŋga lɛ, paɖʊzʊ-kɛ salaka tʊ nɔɔyʊ nesi tɛɛ nɛ ɛcɔŋna kɔ-yɔɔ, nɛ pɩla mbʊ ɛ-tɔm taa.
Peeɖe tɛtʊ taa lɛ, cɔɔcɩnaa yaa ɛsɔ sɛtʊ aŋgba naalɛ wɛnanɛ a-tɛ ɛyaa kiɖeɖema kɔyɔ: Eutychius nɛ Florentius. Benoît paɣlaa lɛ, ewolo Roma tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛla e-sukuli. Peeɖe ɛcɔna ɛyaa lakasɩ yɛɖɛ yɛɖɛ lɛ ɛna ɛ-yɔɔ cɔnayʊ Cyrilla pese peeɖe se pɩsamɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛnɔɔna Takayaɣ kiɖeɖeɣa (Bible) camɩyɛ. Pesewa lɛ powolo Enfide tɛtʊ taa nɛ pacaɣ San Pietro cɔɔcɩ taa. Peeɖe Benoît cala ɛ-kacalaɣ hama lakasɩ labʊ: paasʊlɩma cankeɖe nakʊyʊ nɛ kʊyɔkɩ ɛ-yɔɔ cɔnayʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-cɔlɔ nɛ Benoît tɩmɩ kɩtɩmɩɣ nɛ kɩkpa ɛzɩ kɩɩwɛʊ yɔ. Pɩlaba mbʊ lɛ, ɛ-hɩɖɛ paɣzɩ yɛlɩʊ peeɖe tɛtʊ taa. Mbʊ yebina nɛ ese nɛ ewolo Subiaco tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛpaazɩ lakʊ taa wɛʊ.
Evemiye naɖɩyɛ kɛ ɛ-lɩmaɣza woba halɩpɩɣa nakɩyɛ yɔɔ, ɛɛna-kɛ Rome tɛtʊ taa, ɛnɛ ɛ-taa ɖaɣnɩ wɩɣ nɛ ɛhɔzɩ e-wondu nɛ ɛhɩnɩ sɔɔ taa se ɛsɔ ɛkpaɣ ɛ-kɩwɛɛkɩm mbʊ nɛ ekpeɣ-i. Mbʊ ɖaɣnɩna labʊ nɛ ɛɖaɣnɩ ñɩnɩʊ ɖenɖe nɔɔyʊ ɛtaatasɩ-ɩ naʊ kpem yɔ. Pɩla mbʊ nɛ ehiu muwaani nɔɔyʊ nɛ ɛlɛ wɩlɩ-ɩ kaaŋ nɩɩyɛ taa. Ɛlɛ hawaɣna-ɩ tɔɔnaɣ kɛ peeɖe nɛ ɛnʊ ɖɔɖɔ hana-ɩ e-toko kɩkpɛdɩɣ ŋgʊ esuu yɔ.
John Maynard Keynes
John Maynard Keynes, palʊla-ɩ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 5 pɩnaɣ 1883 kɛ Cambridge tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛsɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 21 pɩnaɣ 1946 taa kɛ Firle tɛtʊ taa. Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛɛkɛ tɔsʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ laɖʊ, tʊmɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ tʊ nɛ takayasɩ kɩmamasɩ tʊ Pritaniki ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ kʊyɩ kedeŋga kpeekpe taa.
Ɛɛkɛ pɩɣaevelo yem mbʊ yɔ, ɛtɛm wɛnaʊ pɩzɩtʊ sakɩyɛ, pɩ-nɛ takayaɣ ŋga ɛma pɩlɩna Versaille tɛ nɩnaʊ lɩmaɣza yɔ ŋga paya kɛ se laŋhɛzɩyɛ tɔsʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ kazʊwa yɔ, ŋga posusa kɔ-tɔm pɩnaɣ 1919 taa nɛ saʊlaa tɔm takayasɩ nɛ evemiye taa tɔm takayasɩ. Ɛ-kajalaɣ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kaakɛ cenji nɩnaʊ tɔm takayaɣ. Ɛ-tʊma sakɩyɛ kaakɛ paakpekiɣ tʊma mʊ sakɩyɛ sakɩyɛ nɛ kɛzɛɣa nɛ cenji tɔm (pɩnaɣ 1936 alɩwaatʊ taa.
Palʊla John Maynard Keynes kɛ sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ liɖe ndɩ ɖɩkɛ ñɩm liɖe. Ɛ-caa kaakɛ John Neville Keynes, ɛnʊ kaakɛna ketiizasi ñʊŋ tʊ kɛ Cambridge sukuli kɛtɛzʊʊ taa ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ takayaɣ ŋga kawɩlɩ ɛzɩma pɛkpɛlɛkɩ tɔsʊʊ labʊ yɔ tɛ mayʊ, takayaɣ ŋga payaɣ se Ɛnglɩsɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se The Scope and Method of Political Economy, palɩzɩ-kɛ pɩnaɣ 1890 alɩwaatʊ taa. E-ɖoo payaɣ se John Maynard, Florence Ada Brown.
Pekpeɣkuu se hɩɖɛ Keynes lɩna Cahagnes Normandi taa. Cahagnes ñalɩna latɛŋ pɩtɛɛ ñɩŋgʊ taa casnus. Pɩlɩna hɔʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ mbʊ Keynes laba yɔ lɛ, ɛna se Chagnes tɛ William lʊlɩna-ɩ, ɛɛkɛ Guillaume ɛgbaɣtʊ nɔyʊ. Ɛnglɩsɩ tɛ kpɛlɩ lɛzɩtʊ yɔɔ kpaɣɖʊ 17 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, ɛ-hɔʊ kaakɛ katoliki ɛyaa nɛ kɩ-taa ɛyaa sakɩyɛ pɩsɩ Yeesuu ɛgbaɣtɩnaa kɛlɛ pɛcɛtɩ kɩ-yɔɔ tɔm nɛ pamɩlɩ kɩ-ñɩm tɩŋga payi.
Andɛɛzɩ
Payaɣ pʊŋ caŋɖaʊ nakʊyʊ se Andɛɛzɩ. Ɛsɩpaañɔlɩ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, payaɣ se Cordillera de los Andes. Kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ pʊŋ canɖaŋ tɩŋa taa payɩ lɛ, Andɛɛzɩ pʊŋ caɖaʊ kɩlɩna ɖaɣlʊʊ. Pʊŋ canɖaʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Amerika ɛjaɖɛ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa. Andɛɛzɩ pʊŋ canɖaʊ ŋgʊ kɩkpaɣna Amerika ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖɩ-hayi kiŋ nɛ puwolo pɩtalɩ ɖɩ-hadɛ kiŋ hɔɔlʊʊ taa. Andɛɛzɩ pʊŋ canɖaʊ ɖaɣlakɩŋ kɛ kilomɛtanaa 7 100. Kɩ-walanzɩ ñatalɩ kilomɛtanaa 200 nɛ puwolo pɩtalɩ kilomɛtanaa 800 mbʊ yɔ. Andɛɛzɩ pʊŋ canɖaʊ kʊyaa pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ mɛtɛnaa 400 n ɛ puwolo pɩtalɩ mɛtɛnaa 6 962 mbʊ yɔ. Andɛɛzɩ pʊŋ canɖaʊ kpaɣnɩ pɩlaa kpaɣnɩ Fenezuyeelaa ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖɩ-hayi kiŋ nɛ kɩɖɛɛ kiwolo Kolombi ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ kɩtɛzɩ tɛtʊ kejeɣa (Equateur). Kɩɖɛ mbʊ nɛ kiwolo kɩtɩŋ Peruu nɛ Poliivi nɛ Silii nɛ Arzantiini pɛ-ajɛya taa. Halɩ kɩɖɛ mbʊ nɛ kiwolo kɩtalɩ Amerika tɛtʊ ilemiye nɛ hadɛ kiŋ tɩnaɣ yɔɔ.
Kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ cɩnɛ, Aazii tɛtʊ ilemiye wayɩ lɛ, Andɛɛzɩ pʊŋ canɖʊ kɩlɩna kʊyʊʊ. Andɛɛzɩ pʊŋ canɖaʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa lɛ, Akoŋgaka (Aconcagua) pʊʊ kɩlɩna kʊyʊʊ. Kɩ-kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ kɛ mɛtɛnaa 6 962. Akoŋgaka pʊʊ wɛ Arɩzantiini (Argentine) ɛjaɖɛ taa. Miŋ lɩnɩ tɛtɛɛ nɛ pɩlazɩ tɛtʊ nɛ tɩma pʊʊ sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ. Pʊʊ ŋgʊʊ payaɣ se Simboraazoo (Chimborazo) pʊʊ. Andɛɛzɩ pʊŋ canɖaʊ taa lɛ, Simboraazoo pʊʊ kɩlɩna posinaʊ tɛtʊ hɛkʊ. Pɩlɩna tɛtʊ kejeɣa cɔlɔ nɛ pʊʊ ŋgʊ kiposina tɛtʊ hɛkʊ mbʊ. Miŋ lɩnɩ tɛtɛɛ nɛ pɩlazɩ tɛtʊ nɛ tɩma pʊŋ weyi yɔ, ɛkʊyɩ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Pʊŋ weyi payaɣ se Imaalayaa (Himalaya) yɔ ɛ-wayɩ lɛ, pʊŋ weyi tɛtɛɛ miŋ lazɩ tɛtʊ nɛ pɩma-ɩ yɔ, ɛnʊ kɩlɩna kʊyʊʊ tɛtʊ yɔɔ cɩnɛ. Ɛkʊyaa pɩtalɩ mɛtɛnaa 6 000. Nazɩkaa sɛŋgɛlɛtʊ ñakpazɩ ɖɔɖɔ pʊŋ nɩɩyɛ. Pʊŋ weyi Nazɩkaa sɛŋgɛlɩtʊ kpazaa yɔ, ɛ-taa kɔyɔ : Akoŋkaŋga (Aconcagua) nɛ Uwasɩkaranɩ (Huascaran). Akoŋkaŋga pʊʊ wɛ Arɩzantiini ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ Uwasɩkaranɩ pʊʊ ñɛwɛɛ Peeruu ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Habɩyɛ
Ɛbɛ payaɣ habɩyɛ? Payaɣ nʋmɔʋ kɩwalʋʋ wululuu ŋgʋ kɩ-yɔɔ lɔɔɖaa nɛ kpokponaa nɛ cɛɛcɛnaa pɔɖɔŋ yɔ se habɩyɛ. Pawasɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ Kabɩyɛ hayɩm taa. Ɛlɛ, habɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɔm ɖɩcaɣ yɔɔdʋʋ yɔ, ɖɩɖɩ wɛ ndɩ. Kabɩyɛ tʋ sɔnzɩ sɔsɔsɩ nasɩyɛ tɔm ɖɩyɔɔdʋʋ. Hama payɛ; mbʋ pɩsɩna se "habɩyɛ".
Pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ wayɩ papaɣ habɩyɛ kabɩyɛ tɛtʋ taa. Ɛlɛ, nabɛyɛ paɣ-ɖɩ pɩnzɩ naadozo wayɩ. Kabɩyɛ tʋ paɣ hama payɛ ńɖɩ se ɛɖɔɔnɩna sɩm. Waaɣ pɩɣ lɛ, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se habɩyɛ alɩwaatʋ n̄ɔtʋʋ lɛ, weyi ɛn̄ɔɔzʋʋ ɛ-tɩ se ɛpaa hama payɛ ńɖɩ yɔ, ɛwɛna sɔmtʋ ndɩ ndɩ se ɛsɔŋ. Ɛɛtɔkɩ tɔɔnasɩ tɩŋɛ yem yem. Eeɖukuuna halʋ.
Habɩyɛ kɩyakʋ talɩɣ lɛ, patɩzɩɣ habɩyɛ kɔyɛ paa ɖɩɣa ŋga ka-taa. Paa ɖɩɣa taa cɛja weyi lɛ, ɛkʋ kpɩnɛ nɖɩ ɛpɩzɩɣ se ɛkʋ yɔ nɛ pɔtɔɔna habɩyɛ kɔyɛ. Piya tɛŋ habɩyɛ kɔyɛ n̄ɔʋ lɛ, yee ɖɩɣa taa cɛja ɛn̄ɩnɩɣ se ɛtɩlɩ e-piya taa nzɩ sɩ-ɛza taa naa yɔ kɔyɔ, ɛn̄ɩnɩɣ kolumpaɣ pe nɛ ɛmɩzɩ ɛ-ɖɩɣa wayɩ kpɛɛɛ. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛɛmɩzɩɣ mbʋ yɔ, piya ɛɛnaɣ. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, ɛyaa-sɩ nɛ eheyi-sɩ se sɩcɔɔ ɖɩɣa wayɩ nɛ ŋga kapɩzɩɣ lɛ, keteɣsi-i kolumpaɣ pe wena ɛmɩzaa yɔ nɛ kɔkɔna-ɩ. Pɩɣa ŋga pɩha-kɛ camɩyɛ siŋŋ yɔ, kɔtɔzʋʋ kolumpaɣ pe wena ka-caa mɩzaa yɔ atɩŋa payɩ nɛ kowona-ɩ. Toovenum lɛ, kolumpaɣ pe naʋ wɛ kaɖɛ mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, awɛ n̄ɩɩɩ n̄ɩɩɩ nɛ a-tɔlɩm wɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ putoo yɔ.
Yee ɖɩɣa taa hama payɛ tʋ nɔɔyʋ ɛwɛɛ yɔ, esiki ɛ-kɩkpɛzʋʋ ɖɩɣa nɔnɔɔ taa nɛ ɛpa kɩ-yɔɔ ɛ-n̄ɩɣyɩŋ. Habɩyɛ wiliɣ lɛ, paa habɩyɛ payʋ weyi ɛlɩɩ ɛ-ɖɩɣa nɛ ɛkpaɣkɔdaɣ taa nʋmɔʋ. Piya nzɩ pɩha-sɩ camɩyɛ nɛ peseɣtiɣ-sɩ yɔ, sɩsɩ sʋʋ kubusi hɔɔɣʋ yɔɔ. Hama payɛ tɩnaa tɩŋa suluu ɖama kɔdaɣ taa lɛ, pɩwɛɛkaa kɛlɛ. Paa weyi ɛwɩlɩɣ mbʋ ɛpɩzɩɣ yɔ nɛ ɛyaa na pasa. Pɔsɔkɩ ɖama kɩkpɛzɩmɩŋ, pehizi ɖama sɛsɩ, ɛlɛ, nɔɔyʋ yɔɔ ɛɛlakɩ yeŋ. Pʋsʋm nɔɔyʋ n̄apɩzɩɣ ɛlɩzɩ ɛ-ɛza nɛ ɛɖaɣnɩ-yɛ pɩsɩnaʋ a-ɖeɖe. Nɔɔyʋ n̄ɛsɛtɩ e-piliŋa nakɛyɛ nɛ ɛɖaɣnɩ-kɩ sɔʋ ke-ɖeɖe. Ɛyʋ ɛcɔna hama payɛ, pɩcaɣ sɔɔndʋ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Peeye ɛyʋ naɣ siŋŋ se Ɛsɔ ha ɛyʋ mbʋ yɔ, pɩcaɣ kaɖɛ. Ɛyʋ ɛcɔna pɩŋŋ nɛ peheyi-i se ɛyʋ pɩzɩɣ ɛsɩ eetisiɣ. Pɛsɛ ɛsɔ se pɩnaɣ nakɛyɛ kɩjaŋ kantɔŋ habɩyɛ wiye Togo ɛjaɖɛ n̄ʋʋdʋ ɖajaa Gnassingbe Eyadèma, pɩlaʋ tɔkɩ hɩɖɛ ɛɛsɔʋ. Se ɛtalɩ peeye nɛ ɛ-ɛsɔdaa lɔɔɖɩyɛ nɛ hama payɛ tɩnaa sɩzɩ ɛ-lɔɔɖɩyɛ ɛsɔdaa nɛ ɛtapɩzɩɣ etii se ɛna payɛ. Pɩmaɣ-wɛ lɛ peyeba-ɖɩ nɛ ɛcaŋ ɛɖɛɛ ɛtacazɩɣ tibu se ɛna payɛ.
Hama payɛ tɩnaa paɣ caŋŋŋ nɛ pɩmaɣ maɣʋ nabʋyɛ lɛ, pakpa pɔɔ taa nʋmɔʋ. Pɔcɔlʋʋ pɔɔ kpɛɛɛ se pakpa sɩm. Ɖʋ pɛkɛdɩna sɩm. Pakpa-ɩ lɛ, paɖʋ-ɩ peeɖiɣa nakɛyɛ taa. Peeɖiɣa ŋgaa payaɣ se heɣye. Paɖʋʋ sɩm ḿbʋ lɛ, puhuu nɛ pɩkpɛdɩɣ weyi ɛsɩɣlɩ heɣye mbʋ yɔ ɛ-yɔɔ. Pɩtɛkɛ paa weyi ɛsɩɣlɩɣna heɣye. Aleba taa elebu siŋŋ sɩɣlɩɣna-ɖɩ. Kiŋgiɖiye ɛɖɔŋ nɛ ewona heɣye ɛlɔ ɖɩ-ɖɩlɔyɛ. Ɛɖɔŋ kiŋgiɖiye se sɩm ɛtaatɩlɩ-ɩ. Pɔlɔʋ heɣye nɛ pɩtɛ lɛ, habɩyɛ paʋ tɛma lɛ. Paa elebu weyi, ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛ-ɖɩɣa nɛ ɛhɔzɩ e-lebutu wondu nɛ ɛsɩɩ ti-ɖeɖe. Tɛʋ feŋ lɛ, paa elebu weyi ɛcaa kpɩnɛ nɖɩ ɛpɩzɩɣ yɔ nɛ ɛn̄alɩna ɛ-nɔɔ taa. Ɖɩtɩlɩ se pʋcɔ nɛ elebu tɔɔ yɛɖɛyɛɖɛ mbʋ paatɔkɩ yɔ lɛ, pɩtɛkɛ ɛ-nɔɔ maɣmaɣ ɛtɔkɩna, ɛlɛɣzɩ ɛ-nɔɔ nɛ pʋyʋ. Elebu weyi ɛfɛyɩ ɖeu yɔ, e-koyindu nɔɔ ɛmʋʋ nɛ ɛtɔɔna mbʋ paatɔkɩ yɔ. Habɩyɛ tɛŋ nɛ ɛpɩsɩnɩ ɛlɛ ɛ-nɔɔ lɛ, ɛ́lɛ nɔɔ kpɛɣ kɛlɛ.
Bernard Clairvaux tʋ
Bernard de Clairvaux kɛna Clairvaux taa fada yaa layʊ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ. Palʊla-ɩ tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Fontaine-lès-Dijon tɩ-taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 1090 yaa pɩnaɣ 1091 nɛ ɛsɔ ya-ɩ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ nɛɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 1153, pɩnzɩ 63 taa. Bernard ɛnɛ ɛkɛna Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa mɩwanɩ yaa mba payaɣ-wɛ se maŋkʊyɩɖaɣ nɛ mantɩmʊna ɛsɔ yɔ. E-fezuu caɣʊ taa lɛ, ɛɛkɛna weyi ɛɛɖʊ lɛɛzɩʊ kɩfam kɛ ɛsɔ tɔm taa yɔ.
Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Cîteaux yɔ, ɖɩ-taa lɛ Bernard kaakɛna lɔntasɩyʊ nɛ nɛ ñʊʊtʊ nɔɔyʊ siŋŋŋ nɛ ɛtaaleeyu nɛ ɛ-tɩ cɛlɩɣ kɛ ɛsɔ sɛtʊ yaa atɩma. Ɛ-ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa lɛ, ɛñɩnaɣ kpem se ɛ-taabalaa ɛcɛyɩ pa-tɩ nɛ pɔɖɔkɩ ɛsɔ sɛtʊ kpam nɛ pasɩna samaɣ kpeekpe nɛ posusi ɛsɔ tɔm camɩyɛ. Fontaine tɛtʊ taa Bernard ɛnɛ, ɛɛkɛna ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ taa mʊwanɩ weyi ɛɛcɛla ɛ-tɩ ɛsɔ siŋŋŋ yɔ nɛ ɛcɛyʊ ɛ-tɩ wɩsɩ nɛ ɖoo se ɛyaa ɛtaanɩna liidiye nɛ kewiyaɣ nɛ pɩwɛɛ se pɔsɔ ɛsɔ yɔɔ.
Fontaine tɛtʊ taa Bernard sɩba kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ nɛɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 1153 nɛ pɩlaba pɩnzɩ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kʊɖʊmaɣ lɛ (21) layaa sɔsaa ɖʊ-ɩ ɛyaa kiɖeɖema taa nɛ pɛwɛɛ ɛ-atɩma yɔɔ. Pɩlabɩ pɩnzɩ 677 kɛ ɛ-sɩm wayɩ lɛ, yaa pɩnaɣ 1830 taa lɛ, Papa weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Pix VIII yɔ, ɛkpa-ɩ kiɖeɖeu. Pɩsɩna mbʊ lɛ, Bernard de Clairvaux ɛnɛ papaɣzɩ-ɩ yaʊ se Clairveaux taa Bernard Kiɖeɖeu.
Egipiti
Egipiti kɛna Afrika nɛ wɩsi ɖɩlɩye hayʊ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ kɩwɛɛ Mediiteranee nɛ kɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ. Egipiti wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ Asii keteŋa taa ɖɔɖɔ ɛlɛ ɖenɖe payaɣ se Leevantɛɛ yɔ nɛ pɩtɩŋgʊna Siinayi pɔɔ.
Naajeeriya nɛ Etiyoopii pa-wayɩ lɛ Egipiti taa kɛ eyaa kɩlɩna ɖɔʊ nɛ pɛwɛ pɩnaɣ 2015 kɛ miliyɔɔnaa 89. Peeɖe ɛyaa hukuu lɛɛɛ lɛɛɛ nɛ pɩnzɩ 60 taa lɛ samaɣ huu ɛzɩ tam naanaza mbʊ yɔ. Egipiti tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ kɔyɔ Kɛɛrɩ nɛ Araabɩ kɛ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ peeɖe ɛlɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlɩɣ yɔɔdʊʊ yɔ ŋgʊ lɛ Egipiti.
Pɔyɔɔdʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ Siiwii yaa Bɛɛrɩbɛɛrɩ kɛ Siiwa hɔɔlʋʋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa. Egipiti krɩstʊ mba tɛɛlɛɣzɩ pa-kʊnʊŋ nɛ halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ paɖɩɣna yɔɔdɩɣ Kɔpɩtɩ pɛ-Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ taa. Egipiti nɛ kɩ-hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Nuubiyɛŋ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ ɖɩnɛ pɩkɩlɩna samaɣ ŋga payaɣ se Asʊwaŋ yɔ.
Pe-liidiya yɔ Egipiti liivri. Kaŋgalafʊʊ nimaɣ paɣzɩɩna +20.
Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1981, Mohammed Hosni Moubarak kaawɛna kpelaɣ yɔɔ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩna se lɛlaɣ fenaɣ 11 wiey pɩnaɣ 2011 samaɣ kpeekpe kʊyɩ ɛyɔɔ nɛ pɩla ɛkʊyɩ kpelaɣ yɔɔ. Peeɖe komina taa ɛyaa kpɛndɩ 264 nɛ naatozo yɔɔ lɛ, samaɣ lɩzɩɣ naalɛ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ ñayaa kʊɖʊm. Egipiti ñʊʊtʊ kɩfalʊ kɔyɔ Maresaalɩ Abdel Fattah al-Sissi nɛ ɛkpaɣ kpelaɣ kɛ mɩsɩ kʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ liitoozo wiye.
Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ
Kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ, ajɛya naayɛ ɖʋ ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ payaɣ-ɖɩ se « komɔŋwɛltɩ » (Commonwealth). Ajɛya nɩɩnʋwa nɛ naalɛ (52) nɩŋna ɖama nɛ aɖʋ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ. Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ ɖʋ nesi siŋŋ ajɛya tɩ-yɔɔ wɛʋ nʋmɔʋ taa. Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ ñɔ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ palaba kedizaɣ sɔsaɣ nakɛyɛ Lɔndrɩ tɛtʋ taa yɔ. Lɔndrɩ tɛtʋ wɛ Aŋgeletɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Palaba kedizaɣ sɔsaɣ ŋga pɩnaɣ 1949 taa. Kedizaɣ ŋga ka-taa pɔtɔŋ se ajɛya wena awɛ Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ, awɛ kɩmaŋ. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, paakpaɣ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖoŋ kɩkpaʋ se ɖɩwɛɛ Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ taa. Ɖoɖoo Élisabeth II kɛŋna Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʋ. Ajɛya naayɛ wɛɛ lɛ, awiya yaa abila ɖiyiɣna-yɛ. Ajɛya ana payaɣ se rʋwaayom (royaumes) waa. Ajɛya wena awɛ Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ, a-taa lɛ, ajɛya hiu nɛ loɖo (16) kɛ rowaayom waa. Ɖoɖoo Élisabeth II kɛŋna ɖɔɖɔ rowaayom waa hiu nɛ loɖo mba, pɛ-tɛ Abiɖe. Piyele ajɛya niidozo nɛ kʋɖʋm (31) ñɛkɛ mbʋ repiibiliki (républiques) waa nɛ ajɛya kagbaanzɩ (5) ñɛkɛ monarsii (monarchies) waa. Ajɛya wena akɛ monarsii waa yɔ, a-taa lɛ, ɛyʋ kʋɖʋm tɩɣyɩna ɖoŋ tɩŋa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ɛnʋ ajɛɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ, ɛkɛ ajɛɖɛ paɣtʋ lɩzɩyaa nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʋ, ɛtɛ ɛkɛ tɔm hʋʋ nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʋ. Ɛlɛ, ajɛya wena alɛ kɛ repiibiliki waa yɔ, alɛ taa lɛ, pɛtɛyɩ ajaɖɛ ɖoŋ hɔɔlɩŋ niidozo. Ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ wɛɛ, kewiyaɣ ñʋʋdʋ ñɛwɛɛ nɛ tɔm hʋʋ nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʋ ñɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ.
Ajɛya wena awɛ Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ, awɛ a-tɩ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ fɛyɩna ɖoŋ lɛɛɖɛ yɔɔ. Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ lʋkɩ se temokrasii nɛ ɛyʋ waɖɛ yɔɔ kandɩyʋʋ nɛ komina tɩ-yɔɔ wɛʋ pa-tʋma ɛɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa. Temokrasii lʋkɩ se paa weyi ɛwɛɛna waɖɛ se ɛyɔɔdɩ mbʋ ɛnaɣ nɛ pɩfɛyɩ-ɩ ɖeu yɔ. Ajɛya wena awɛ Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ, a-walanzɩ kedeŋa yɔɔ kɛ 29 958 050 km2. Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ taa samaɣ ñʋʋ kɛ miiliyaarɩ waa 2,328.
Jorge Luis Borges
Jorge Luis Borges Arɩzantini (Argentin) ɛjaɖɛ taa tʋ. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ tɩŋɛ kpeekpe kɛlɛ kɛlɛʋ kɛlɛ size Jorge Francisco Isidoro Luis Borges Acevedo. Ɛkɛ abalʋ weyi ɛfɛyɩ felendu kpataa yɔ.
Palʋla ɖajaa ɛnɛ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ taa, kɩyakʋ hiŋ naalɛ nɛ naanza (24) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1899 n̄ɩŋga taa. Palʋla-ɩ Puyenezɛrɩ tɛtʋ taa. Ɛkɛ n̄amtʋ pɩɣa ɛ-taabalaa nɛ ɛ-samaɣ taa ñɩma cɔlɔ.
Ɛ-pɩjatʋ taa ɛɛkɛ pɩɣa ŋga kɛwɛ lɛɣtʋ siŋŋ yɔ. Ɛsɩba mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ taa, kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ naanza (14) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1986 n̄ɩŋga taa. Ɛsɩba Senɛɛvɩ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ taa Suwisi ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛsɩkaɣ lɛ, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ hiŋ lutozo nɛ lʋbɛ (87).
Ɖajaa Jorge Luis Borges kɛ Arɩzantini ɛjaɖɛ tɛ takayasɩ mayʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ siŋŋ. Ɛma ɛ-takayasɩ ndɩ ndɩ sakɩyɛ. Ɛma ɖɔɖɔ keɣsi takayɩsɩ sakɩyɛ.
Ɛma ɛ-takayɩsɩ taa takɩm ndɩ ndɩ tɔm nɛ ɛtɛ ɛma aseɣɖe tɔm. Arɩzantini tʋ, ɖajaa Jorge Luis Borges takayasɩ mayʋ ɛnɛ, ɛ-caa payaɣ size Jorge Guillermo Borges. Ɛ-caa kɛ tɔm hʋyʋ sɔsɔ kpimkpi. Ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ sukuli wɩlɩyʋ. Ɛyʋ fɩtɩyɩm taa maɣzɩm ndɩ ndɩ lɛɣtʋ piliŋa sukuli ɛwɩlaɣ.
Kɔŋgo Pirazaaviili
Ɖooo lɛ payawaɣ Kɔŋgoo -Pɩrazaaviili se Kɔŋgoo kɩmaɣnaʊ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ Fransɩ nesi tɛɛ lɛ. Kɔŋgɔo-Pɩrazaaviili wɛ ndɩ nɛ Kɔŋgoo-Kiŋsasa. Payawaɣ Kɔŋgoo-Kɩŋsasa se Kɔŋgoo-Bɛlɩzɩ pɩnzɩ 1908 nɛ 1960 taa nɛ patasɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ yaʊ ɖɔɖɔ se Zayiiri kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1971 nɛ 1997. Ŋgʊ ɖɔɖɔ payaɣ se Kabindaa.
Akropɔɔlɩ
Kaaŋ piyaɣ payaɣ size Akropooli. Kɛwɛ Atɛnɩ tɛtʋ taa. Kaaŋ piyaɣ ŋ́ga, kɛwɛ Atɛnɩ tɛtʋ hɛkʋ taa ɖeyiɖeyi. Kakʋyɩ siŋŋ. Tɔmpiye 'Akropooli' tɔbʋʋ kɛlɛ se 'tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ'.
Ɖooo pɩkpaɣʋ nɛ caanaʋ alɩwaatʋ taa yɔ, kaaŋ piyaɣ kanɛ, kɛkɛ nɔɔ lɔʋ wonuu. Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ kuduyuu tɛɛ pɔlɔwaɣ nɔɔ ŋga. Nɛ pɔlɔwaɣ nɔɔ ŋga ɛsɔ sɛtʋ kuduyuu tɛɛ peeɖe kɩlaŋ laʋ alɩwaatʋ kpeekpe. Palawaɣ kɩlaŋ ɛnʋ ɛgɔlɔmɩyɛ halɩ n̄ɩnɖɛ naɖɩyɛ yɔɔ. Ɛgɔlɔmɩyɛ ńɖɩ, ɖɩ-tɛɛ pakɩlaɣ luŋuu Atɛnɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe.
Atɛnɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa luŋaɣ agɔlɩma ndɩ ndɩ sakɩyɛ tɛɛ. Ñɩɣlɩm Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ aŋgba kuduyiŋ ɖɔ ɖɔɖɔ sakɩyɛ Atɛnɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe.
N̄ɩɣlɩm Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ aŋgba kuduyiŋ sɔsɔŋ ɛnʋ, ɛ-taa nɩɩyɛ hɩla yɔ: Erɛkɩteyɔɔ (Érechthéion) nɛ Atɛnɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ Nɩɩkɛ (Nikè). Partenɔɔ kɩbɩnʋʋ paɣlʋʋ Ɛsɔ kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ. Kɩkɛ n̄ɩm sɔsɔm pɩŋŋ Atɛnɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Cee yɔɔ wondu ndʋ paatɔzɩ tɩyɔɔ yɔ, tɩ-taa natʋyʋ hɩla yɔ: Propylées, nɛ caanaʋ amʋʋza (théâtre antique) nɛ Dionysos nɛ pɩtasɩna odéon d'Hérode Atticus. Atɛnɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa kaaŋ piyaɣ kanɛ, halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ kɔ-yɔɔ ɛyaa kɩlɩɣ wobu ɛsɩyɛ egbena kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ cɩnɛ.
Halɩtʋnɛabalʋpakɩmaŋtɔm
“Pɩkɛnaʋ ajɛya nɛ cajayo kɩjɛyʋʋ se pátɩ ɛzɑɣtʋ wendu palakɩ halaa yɔ nɛ pɛkɛdɩ takayɩsɩ taa yɔ, pɩ-tɔbʋʋ kɛlɛ se pacaɣ se pɩdaasɩɩna naŋgbaŋgʋʋhɔm ɖeke. Kɩjɛyʋʋ ŋ́gʋ, kɩsɩɣna nɛ ɛyaa mà Waɖɛɛjaɖɛ nɛ pekpeeti politiki nɛ samaɣtʋma labʋ taa kiimuluu yɔɔ. Pɩ́dɛkɛ mbʋ yɔ, laŋhɛzɩyɛ ɛɛwaɣ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ taa nɛ pileɖi. Naŋgbaŋgʋʋ kɩɩhɔŋgʋ camɩɣ ajɛya wena akɛwɛ you taa nɛ you ŋgʋ kɩtɛ nɛ acɛyɩɣ adɩ se afezi fʋʋʋ yɔ, a-tikila, mbʋ pʋ-yɔɔ yɔ, piyeki pɩwɛɛ ɛzɩ pohuuzuu pɔtɔɔnaɖoŋ nɛ mulum pɔ-yɔɔ yɔ. Pɩ̀lakɩ mbʋ’lɛ, sɔɔndʋ wɛɛ tam se kirikiri ɛɛtɛŋ, mulum ñakpaɣ ɖoŋ nɛ halaa ñɛwɛɛ nɩɣza yɔɔ se pɩdaakɛdɩ you ɖaɣnɩ pazʋʋ. Ellen Johson-Sirleaf (kɔɔnɔɔ halʋ weyi ɛkɛ Liberia ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ yɔ, nɛ ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ kɔɔnɔɔ halʋ weyi ɛtɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ kewiyaɣ Afrika kpeekpe taa yɔ).
“Ɛyaa ɩnɩwa se pɩwɛɛ se pakpaɣ halɩtʋnɛabalɩtʋkɩmaŋtɔm nɛ palabɩna tʋmɩyɛ yoŋ nɩmaŋɖɩɣʋ nɛ i-loluu tɔm taa kɔyɔ, pɩsɩɣna nɛ ɛyaa ñakɩ pana wena se laŋhɛzɩyɛ ɛwɛɛ yaa laŋhɛzɩyɛ ɛkpa ɖoŋ yɔ, ɖɩwɛɛ nɛ ɖɩkpa ɖoŋ ɖɔɖɔ toovenim nɛ ɛyaa sɔɔna yoŋ yɔɔ.” Ajɛya Kɩgbɛndʋʋ Ŋgbɛyɛ
Konakrii
Konakrii kɛna Kinee ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊsɔtʊ nɛ pɩnaɣ 2010 taa pakalɩ ɛyaa kɛ tɛtʊ sʊsɔtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛ, panaa se ɛyaa mba pɛwɛ peeɖe yɔ pɛkpɛnda ɛyaa miliyɔɔnaa naalɛ nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ (2 500 000). Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ taa maɣna kilomɛtanaa agbaba Kinee ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ tɛtʊ sʊsɔtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ mbʊ yebina nɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkɛ 450. Kinee ɛjaɖe taa tɛtʊ sʊsɔtʊ, pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa pakpaɣ ɛyaa kagbaanzɩ kɔyɔ pa-taa lɛ ɛyʊ kʊɖʊm wɛ Konakrii tɛtʊ taa. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa tɔsʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛɛ sɩŋŋŋ yɔ kɩlɩɣna teŋu yɔɔ tʊma wena palakɩ yɔ a-yɔɔ. Konakrii kɛna tɛtʊ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ ne pɩtaa yɔ ɛlɛ kɩ-hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊ wɛɛ nɛ lɩm tawadɩ pɩtalɩ peeɖe. Pɩnaɣ 1887 taa lɛ, lakʊ kaawɛna lɩm hɛkʊ taa tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa nɛ tɩŋ weyi panawaɣ yɔ ɩ-taa kɛlɛ pɔŋ nɛ sɩngbatʊ. Peeɖe pɩtɛ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, haɖaa yaa ageeta naanza kaawɛna nɛ anaa yɔ: Konakrii, Pulibinɛɛ, Kurutawnɩ nɛ Tombo.
Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa ɛyaa hʊʊ pɩnaɣ pɩnaɣ. Pɩnaɣ 1958 taa lɛ ɛyaa kaawɛ 50 000, pɩnaɣ 1980 lɛ pɛkpɛnda ɛyaa 600 000; piyele 1983 lɛ palɩ ɛyaa 705 300. Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1996 taa pɛtɛma talʊʊ ɛyaa 1 092 936; pɩnaɣ 2008 lɛ palɩ ɛyaa 1 857 153, pɩnaɣ  2009 lɛ ɛyaa 2 160 000. Piyele pɩnaɣ 2015 taa pakalɩ ɛyaa lɛ palɩ miliyɔɔnaa naalɛ nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ.
Angela Merkel
Angela Dorothea Merkel kɛ Caama ɛjaɖɛ tʋ. Ɛkɛ halʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe. Palʋla-ɩ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ lʋbɛ (17) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1954 n̄ɩŋga taa.
Hambourg tɛtʋ taa palʋla Ɖoɖoo Angela Merkel Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe. Ɛkɛ Caama ɛjaɖɛ kewiyaɣ taa tʋmlaɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛkɛ kewiisi ndɩ ndɩ kpɛndʋ tɔm hʋʋ nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʋ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 2005 n̄ɩŋga taa nɛ sɔnɔ. Ɛhʋʋ tɔm camɩyɛ siŋŋ. Toovenum lɛ, ɛkɛ samaɣ waɖɛ yɔɔ kandɛyʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ siŋŋ.
Ɖoɖoo ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ, tomnasɩ ɖɔnɛ tʋmɩyɛ laɖʋ. Ɛkɛ Ɛsɔ sɛyaa ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩcɔŋna samaɣ waɖɛ yɔɔ kandʋʋ yɔɔ yɔ ɖɩ-taa. Ɖoɖoo Angela Dororthea Merkel kɛ minisi halɩn̄ɩnʋ weyi ɛcɔŋna halaa nɛ evebiɖe ɛsɩndaa wobu tʋma yɔɔ yɔ.
Ɖoɖoo Angela Merkel tʋmɩyɛ ɖɩlaɖɛ payaɣ se Kohl IV. Ɛpaɣzɩ ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ ńɖɩ pɩnaɣ 1991 n̄ɩŋga taa nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩnɩ pɩnaɣ 1994 n̄ɩŋga taa. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, ɛkɛ minisi halɩñɩnʋ weyi ɛcɔŋna Caama ɛjaɖɛ tɩŋ nɛ laŋ pɔ-yɔɔ kandʋʋ tʋma yɔɔ yɔ. Ɛnʋ cɔŋaɣna ɖɔɖɔ Caama ɛjaɖɛ tɛtɛɛ n̄ɩm tʋma yɔɔ.
Paya Ɖoɖoo Angela Merkel ɛnɛ samtʋ nimiye pɩlɩɩna ɛ-tʋma ndɩ ndɩ camɩyɛ labʋ yɔɔ., ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ camɩyɛ labʋ yɔɔ.
Ɖoɖoo Angela Merkel kɛ Ɛsɔ sɛyaa ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩcɔŋna samaɣ waɖɛ ɛsɩndaa wobu tʋma yɔɔ yɔ ɖɩ-nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʋ pɩnaɣ 2000 ñɩŋa taa nɛ pɩsɩɩna sɔnɔ.
Barack Obama
Ɖajaa Barack Hussein Obama II, palʋla-ɩ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʋ naanza n̄ɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1961 taa Honolulu ɖoŋiye taa Hawayi egeetiye taa. Ɛkɛ Amerika tɛtʋ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ n̄ʋʋdʋ. Ɛnʋ lɛ sɔnɔ Amerika tɛtʋ ńdʋ tɩ-taa Kewiisi nzɩ sɩkpɛnda kpɛm nɛ payaɣ-sɩ se, Etaazuunii yɔ, sɩ-ɛjaɖɛ n̄ʋʋdʋ. Ɛlɩ ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ, ɖɩ-n̄ʋʋdʋ hiŋ naanza nɛ naanzɩ n̄ɩnʋ lɛ. Kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ naanza n̄ɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2008 taa pɔtɔ caca nɛ palɩzɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛkɛ ɖɩ-n̄ʋʋdʋ. Pɩkɛ ɛ-kajalaɣ kpelaɣ kpaɣʋ kɛlɛ. [Kamɩŋ fenaɣ]] kɩyakʋ loɖo n̄ɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2012 n̄ɩŋa taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, patasɩ tɔʋ caca nɛ paɖaɣnɩ-ɩ lɩzʋʋ nɛ ɛkɛ ɖɩ-n̄ʋʋdʋ halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ.
Pɩnaɣ 1996 taa Barack Obama sʋ politiki nʋmɔʋ taa. Pɔtɔ caca nɛ palɩzɩ-ɩ se ɛkɛ paɣtʋ lɩzɩyaa n̄ʋʋdʋ Illinois tɛtʋ taa. Ɛlaba peeye tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩɩ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1997 n̄ɩŋa nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 2004 n̄ɩŋa. Pɩnaɣ 2000 n̄ɩŋa taa lɛ, ɛɛsɔla se, palɩzɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛkɛ mba pa nɛ paɣtʋ lɩzɩyaa pɛkpɛndʋʋ nɛ palakɩ tʋmɩyɛ paɣtʋ ndɩ ndɩ lɩzʋʋ nʋmɔʋ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ, pɩtala ḿbʋ. Ɛlɛ, pɩnaɣ 2004 n̄ɩŋa taa lɛ, palɩzɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛwɛɛ Kewiisi nzɩ sɩkpɛnda kpɛm nɛ payaɣ-sɩ se, Etaazuunii yɔ sɩ-paɣtʋ lɩzɩyaa taa. Barack Obama yeba nɛ patɩlɩ-ɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ekizaa se Etaazuunii sɔɔjanaa ɛtaawolo Irakɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa se palakɩ you ɛzɩ George W. Bush kɔsɔɔlʋʋ yɔ. Ɛyɔɔdɩ ɖɔɖɔ tɔm natʋyʋ nɛ pɩlɩzɩ keɣlee nɛ pʋwɩlɩ mbʋ ɛkɛwa yɔ. Tɔm ńdʋ, ɛyɔɔdɩ-tʋ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ palɩzɩ John Kerry se ɛkɛ kanjidaa nɛ paalɩzɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛkɛ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ n̄ʋʋdʋ yɔ. Ɛ-tɔm ńdʋ, tɩ-yɔɔ pɩtɩŋnaa nɛ pasɩmɩ-ɩ ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-taa kajalaɣ sɩm.
Pɩnaɣ 2004 n̄ɩŋa taa palɩzɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛkɛ paɣtʋ lɩzɩyaa taa tʋ. Peeye ɛkaɖa "Springfield" tɛtʋ taa lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu n̄ɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2007 n̄ɩŋa taa kpayɩ se, ɛnʋ kɛɣ kanjiida caca ŋgʋ pɔkɔŋ tɔʋ se palɩzɩ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ n̄ʋʋdʋ yɔ. Ɛ nɛ Ɖoɖoo Hillary Rodham Clinton palʋbɩna nɛ ɛwa ɛ́lɛ. Peeye kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ lʋbɛ n̄ɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2008 taa palɩzɩ-ɩ Denver tɛtʋ taa se, ɛkɛ ɛ-ŋgbɛyɛ tɛ kanjiidaa.
Pɔtɔ caca ŋ́gʋ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ naanza n̄ɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2008 taa. Pɔtɔ-kʋ lɛ, ɛyaa 365 lɩzɩna-ɩ se ɛkɛ ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-n̄ʋʋdʋ. Pɩlaba se, ɛyaa mɩnʋʋ yɔɔ lɛ, ɛyaa 52,9 lɩzɩna-ɩ se ɛkɛ ɛjaɖɛ n̄ʋʋdʋ. Yee ḿbʋ, ɛɖɛ John McCain weyi ɛ nɛ ɩ pakaɣyaɣ kpelaɣ ŋ́ga yɔ ɛ-nɔɔ. Barack Obama paɣzɩ ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ n̄ɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2009 taa. Ɛkpaɣ kpelaɣ lɛ, ɛɖʋ nesi siŋŋ yoŋ weyi ɛɛwɛ Irakɩ nɛ Afɩganisitanɩ nɛ Moyen-Orient pɛ-ajɛyɛ taa yɔ. Alɩwaatʋ ńdʋ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ tɔsʋʋ pɩsaɣnɛ wayɩ Amerika tɛtʋ taa. Liidiye nɛ tɔsʋʋ paalaba kɛdɛɖaɣ siŋŋ kedeŋa kpeekpe. Paha-ɩ laŋhɛzɩyɛ yɔɔ lʋbʋ nimiye aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu n̄ɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2009 taa.
Barack Obama calɩ kpaɣʋ kpelaɣ lɛ, ɛlʋ nɛ tɔsʋʋ ɖɛɛna ɛsɩnda siŋŋ pɩnaɣ 2009 n̄ɩŋa taa. Eyeba nɛ papasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lambu yɔɔ nɛ pasɩŋna evebiya nɛ pɛla mba palaba sukuli nɛ petehida tʋma yɔ. Ɛtʋla ɖɔɖɔ tʋma sakɩyɛ nɛ ɛtɛ ɛcɔna kʋdɔndɩnaa ɖeɖe siŋŋ. Eyeba nɛ papasɩ ɖɔkɔtɔnaa tɛ kɔ yɔɔ liidiye. Pɩnaɣ 2010 n̄ɩŋa taa, eyeba nɛ panɩɩna tʋmlaɖaa fenasɩ nzɩ pataahɛyɩ-wɛ payɩ yɔ. Ajɛɛyɛ lɛɛna taa nɔɔ ɖʋʋ politiki nʋmɔʋ taa lɛ, eyeba nɛ Amerika sɔɔjanaa mba paawoba Irakɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa se pɛhɛzɩ you yɔ, papɩsɩ Amerika tɛtʋ taa. Ɛlɛ, eyele nɛ Amerika sɔɔjanaa mba paba n̄aawobi Afɩganisitanɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ, ɛsɔzɩ pɔ-yɔɔ kʋsɔzʋʋ. Ɛ nɛ Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ panɩnɩ ɖama nɛ pan̄ɩɣ nesi takayaɣ taa nɛ pɩha-ɩ waɖɛ se, ɛcɔna ɛzɩma mbʋ polu hɔzɩŋ ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-taa yɔ.
Ɛnʋ cɔŋaɣna Amerika sɔɔjanaa ɛkpɛzɛm waa mba pan̄ɩnɩ hɛɛɛ nɛ pakpa Oussama Ben Laden nɛ pakʋ-ɩ yɔ. Pakʋ-ɩ Pakisitanɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, Abbottabad tɛtʋ taa agoza fenaɣ kajalaɣ kɩyakʋ n̄ɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2011 taa.
Ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ naanzɩ n̄ɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2011 taa ɛyɔɔda se, ɛnʋ kɛ kanjiida caca ŋgʋ pɔkɔŋ-kʋ tɔʋ pɩnaɣ 2012 taa se palɩzɩ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ n̄ʋʋdʋ kɩfalʋ yɔ. Ɛ nɛ Ɖajaa Mitt Romney palʋbɩna kpelaɣ ŋ́ga kɔ-yɔɔ. Pɔtɔ caca ŋgʋʋ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ loɖo n̄ɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2012 taa. Ɛyaa 332 lɩzɩna-ɩ se ɛɖaɣnɩ kɛʋ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ n̄ʋʋdʋ kɩfalʋ nɛ ɛyaa 206 n̄alɩzɩna Ɖajaa Mitt Romney. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, ɛyaa mɩnʋʋ yɔɔ lɛ, ɛyaa 51 lɩzɩna-ɩ. Yee ḿbʋ, ɛnʋʋ Etaazuunii n̄ɩma lɩza pɩnaɣ 2012 taa se ɛɖaɣnɩ kɛʋ pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ n̄ʋʋdʋ.
Ɛ-caa hɔʊ
Ɛ-caa kɛ ɛyʋ kɩkpɛdʋ, palʋlɩ ɛlɛɛ Keniya ɛjaɖɛ taa.
E-ɖoo hɔʊ
E-ɖoo n̄ɛkɛ kʋhʋlʋm, palʋlɩ ɛlɛɛ Amerika tɛtʋ taa, Kansas ɖoŋiye taa Irɩlandɩ liɖe taa.
Ɛ-pɩcatʊ nɛ e-evebutu
Hawaï egeetiye taa palʋla-ɩ, ɛlɛ, Indonesi tɛtʋ taa ɛcaɣ pɩnzɩ sakɩyɛ nɛ ɛpaɣlɩ.
E-sukuli nɛ ɛ-kajalaɣ tʊmɩyɛ
Ɛlaba e-sukuli kɩtɛzʋʋ Kolumbia tɛtʋ taa. Peeye ɛmʋ sukuli kɩtɛzʋʋ taa takayaɣ sɔsɔɔ. Ɛmʋ ɖɔɖɔ Ɛyʋ waɖɛ yɔɔ kandɩyʋʋ sukuli labʋ takayaɣ. Ɛkɛ Afrika tʋ kajalaɣ tʋ weyi ɛcɔna tʋmɩyɛ kɩbanɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se, "Harvard Law Review" yɔ, ɖɩ-tʋma yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1990 n̄ɩŋa taa. Tʋmɩyɛ ńɖɩ, palaba-ɖɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa tɛyɩtʋ kɛwɛ ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaa nɛ ansaayɩnaa pɛ-hɛkʋ taa pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1960 taa yɔ, ɖɩ-taa.
Kɔŋgo Kinsasa
Koŋo Kinsasa kɛna Afrikɩ nɛ hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ajɛya wena ayɔɔdɩɣ Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔ a-taa lɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩlɩ ɖɔʊ. Afriki taa payɩ lɛ Koŋo Kinsasa kɛna nanza ñɩnɖɛ kɛ ɛyaa samaɣ ɖɔʊ taa. Payaɣ Koŋo Kinsasa yem se Koŋo yaa Demkarasii Koŋo se paɖʊ tʊkaɣ ŋga kɛwɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ Koŋo Pirazaviili pɛ-hɛkʊ taa yɔ.
Kpaɣ pinzi 1908 nɛ 1960 taa lɛ payawaɣ-ɖɩ se Koŋo Pɛlɩzɩ yaa Koŋo-Lewopolidivili pikɔɔ pɩsɩna pɩnaɣ 1966. Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ Kɩnsasa pɩsa ɛjaɖɛ dɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Pikɔma pɩtalɩ 1971 nɛ 1977 lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ patʊʊ-ɖɩ hɩɖɛ se Sayiiri. Afriki kpeekpe taa lɛ, Alizeeri wayi lɛ Koŋo kɛna ɛjaɖɛ naalɛ ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɩlɩ walɩɣ yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkpaɣna Atilantiki Lɩŋgamʊʊ kɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa nɛ ɖɩlɩzɩna Koŋgo Pɔɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ hayi kiŋ lɛ lakʊ sɔsɔʊ ɖeɖe wɛna, wɩsɩ ɖɩlyɛ taa lɛ pʊŋ nɛ piyasi ɖeɖe ñɛwɛna. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ pʊŋ weyi ɛ-ñʊŋ taa wɛ landammm yɔ nɛ tɛtɛɛ ñɩm wɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ. Ɖooo wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 40 mbʊ yɔ lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ Atilantiki lɩŋgamʊʊ ñɛwɛna.
Kabindaa (Aŋgola ɛjaɖɛ) nɛ Koŋo Pɩrazaviili ajɛya wɛna koŋo Kinsasa nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa piyele nɛ Santirafriki ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Sudanɩ Hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ wɛna hayi kiŋ; wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ ajɛya wena awɛɛ yɔ anaa yɔ: Ugandaa, Purundi nɛ Tanzanii; pɩkazɩ Sambii nɛ Aŋola kiŋ ajɛya wɛna hadɛ kiŋ. Koŋo Kinsasa wɛ keteŋa kpeekpe ajɛya wena anɩɣ nɛ ayɔɔdɩɣ Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔ aŋgbɛyɛ taa ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1977. Fransɩɩ kɛna kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pawɩlɣ sukilinaa taa nɛ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ komina tʊmaa taa yɔ.
Fransɩɩ wayɩ lɛ, kʊnʊmɩŋ naanza nɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa, ɛnʊ yɔ: kiKoŋo, Liŋala, Tisiluba nɛ kiSiwahilii.
Akpendu
AKPENDU Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ palakʋʋ abalɩpɩɣa sɔnzɩ se kapɩsɩ sɔsɔ yɔ, mbʋ ɖɔɖɔ pawɩlɩɣ halɩpɩɣa sɔsaa pɩyɛ se kasʋʋ sɔsaa taa. Halɩpɩɣa talɩɣ pɩnzɩ hiu nɛ lutozo lɛ palakɩ-kɛ sɔnzɩ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se pekpeziɣ-kɛ. Ka-caa nɛ ko-ɖoo palakɩna lɩmaɣzɛ nɛ powolo pana pɛ-pɛlɔ egbele se e-kooyu talaa se palabɩ-ɩ sɔnzɩ. Egbele tiyi neŋ nɛ ɛlɛ wolo ɛhɛdɩ e-kooyu akpendu cɛjɛsɩ.
Hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ ɖɩtɛnɖɛ alɩwaatʋ taa ekpema lɩɣ. Papaɣzɩɣ lʋɖɛ fenaɣ ŋ́ga ka-mazaɣ nakɛyɛ wiye. Teʋ fe kujuka nɛ hodo akpendu sɔnzɩ paɣzɩ. Pɩkpaɣʋna nɛ hodo ŋ́gʋ yɔ, akpenu ɛɛtɔɔlʋʋ tevi yaa pɩsaʋ nɛ ewolo ɖoli. Cokoto tɔyɩ ɛtɔɔlʋʋ, ɛlɛɛ lɩtʋ nɛ ɛta kɛtɛɛka ɛ-tɩnaɣ taa. Pɛlaa mba pɛtɛma-wɛ kpezuu yɔ, paba kɛɣna pɛlaa mba pacaɣ-wɛ kpezuu yɔ pa-kpaŋgbamɩŋ. Kpaŋgbamɩŋ kpɛlɛkɩɣna akpema ɖooka lɔʋ. Ɛnʋ sɩɣsɩɣna akpema ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ lɔŋ tɩŋa.
Akpenu caɣ kɛkpɛyɩsɩ ɛzɩ ɛ-n̄ɩma ɖoŋ pɩzʋʋ yɔ. Toovenum lɛ, akpenu tɛ kɛkpɛyɩsɩ nzɩ pacaɣ yɔ sɩtɔkɩ nɛ sɩn̄ɔɔ kpɩtaʋ mpilim. Kɛkpɩyɩsɩ tʋmɩyɛ lɛ se pala pa-akpenu ɖɩɣa taa halaa tʋma wena pʋpɔzʋʋ payɩ yɔ. Kɛkpɛyɩsɩ teɣna akpema wondu paa ɖoo wena a-taa, kpɩtaʋ mpilim. Kɛkpɛyɩsɩ, ńzɩ sɩ-taa lɛ, nakɛyɛ wɛɣ nɛ akpenu yaa-kɛ se ɛ-kɛkpɛyaɣ kɩsɩŋaɣ. Kɛkpɛyaɣ kɩsɩŋaɣ nɩɣna akpenu taa tɔm tɩŋa. Kɩkpɛyaɣ kɩsɩŋaɣ wɛ ɛzɩ sɔɔja sɔsɔ weyi ɛsɩŋɩɣ ɛjaɖɛ n̄ʋʋdʋ yɔɔ yaa sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ yɔɔ paa ɛzɩmtaa yɔ. Akpenu eewoki ɖoli nɛ ɛ-kɛkpɛyaɣ kɩsɩŋaɣ fɛyɩ ɛ-wayɩ.
Hodo ŋ́gʋ ko-ɖoo taa kɛkpɛyɩsɩ paɣzɩɣ pa-akpema tɛ akpema wondu teu. Paa akpenu weyi lɛ, peteɣ ɛ-tɛ akpema wondu nɛ pɩwɩlɩ se akpenu wɛ ɖɩɣa taa. Peteɣ-tʋ kpaɣ hodo ŋ́gʋ ko-ɖoo taa nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna kujuka wiye ɖoo taa nɛ tɛʋ fe hodo lɛɛkʋ akpema lɩɩ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se kpɩtaʋ mpilim kɛkpɛyɩsɩ teɣna wondu pa-akpema tɛ ɖoo taa ɖoo taa.
Kpɩtaʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa akpema n̄ɩma lakɩ sɔnzɩ ndɩ ndɩ se agɔlɩma nɛ pa-sɩyɩnaa pakandɩ pa-akpema yɔɔ ɖeu. Pawɩlɩ-wɛ walaa kɩbama nɛ pawalɩ. Toovenum lɛ, ɖooo lɛ petekpesida pɛlɔ yɔ, pɩɩhaɣ-ɩ nʋmɔʋ se ɛwalɩ. Pɛlɔ weyi ɛwalɩɣ nɛ petekpesida-ɩ yɔ, pɔtɔŋ se pɛlɔ ɛnʋ ɛwalɩ kɩtalʋʋ.
Ɖooo lɛ, akpenu lɩɣ ndaakpeɖe nɛ pɩwɩlɩ se pɩtan̄ɩ-ɩ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ɛtala yɛɖɛyɛɖɛ nɛ pʋcɔ pekpesi-i. Ɛɖɔkɩ ɛ-tɩ ɖeu, ɛtatɩlɩ abalʋ nɛ pʋcɔ pekpezi-i. Toovenum ɖooo lɛ, mbʋʋ pɩɩwɛɛ. Wondu ndʋ akpenu sandɩɣna nɛ ɛlɩɩ yɔ, ndʋʋ yɔ : kɔdɩyaɣ tɩnaɣ taa, lɩkpayaɣ liu tɛɛ, caŋgbala nesi yɔɔ, kpɛm nimfiɖe taa nɛ ɖooka nesi tɛɛ. Paa akpenu weyi lɛ, palɩzɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛ-ɖɩɣa nɛ wondu teu nɛ powona-ɩ pe-egeetiye kooka taa. Peeye pacalɩɣ-wɛ labʋ kajalaɣ sɔnzɩ. Peeye akpema calɩ ɖookasɩ lɔʋ. Paa mba pakʋyʋʋ po-kooka taa lɛ pakpaɣ nʋmɔʋ nɛ pakatɩ ɖama hɛkʋ taa kooka taa. Patasɩɣ-wɛ taʋ kooka ŋ́ga ka-taa tɔlɩm nabʋyʋ. Pakʋyʋʋna kooka ŋ́ga ka-taa lɛ, pɔɖɔna-wɛ caɣzʋʋ caɣzʋʋ kookasɩ cikpesi cikpesi tɩŋa taa nɛ pataa-wɛ ɖɔɖɔ tɔlɩm ndɩ ndɩ.
Patalɩɣ kooka sɔsɔɔ taa lɛ, powona-wɛ kʋɖʋm kʋɖʋm nɛ pacaɣzɩ-wɛ mɩlɩm pɩyɛ yɔɔ. Paya kɔdaɣ pɩyɛ ńɖɩ se mɩlɩm pɩyɛ mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, toovenum lɛ, evebiya mɩlɩɣ akpema ɖɩ-yɔɔ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ pacaɣzɩɣ-wɛ ɖɩ-yɔɔ yɔ. Yee mbʋ pʋpɔzʋʋ se akpenu weyi pacaɣzɩɣ ɖɩ-yɔɔ yɔ, ɛ-n̄ɩma ɛwɛɛ ɖoŋ siŋŋ nɛ papɩzɩɣ pakandɩyɩ pa-akpenu yɔɔ nɛ nabɛyɛ ɛtaamɩlɩ-ɩ. Pɛlɔ weyi toovenum ɛtatɩlɩ abalʋ yɔ ɛnʋ tisiɣna nɛ pacaɣzɩ-ɩ ɖɩ-yɔɔ. Yee ɛsɩma abalʋ nɛ etisi nɛ pacaɣzɩ-ɩ ɖɩ-yɔɔ kɔyɔ, pɩnaɣ ɛ-wayɩ. Sɔnzɩ pɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-yɔɔ akpenu kʋyʋʋna nɛ pɩla se ɛ-akpendu tyɛma.
Angkor
Kewiisi ndɩ ndɩ nasɩyɛ kpɛndɩna nɛ payaɣ sɩ-kpɛndʋʋ mbʋ se Aŋkor kewiyaɣ. Aŋkor kewiyaɣ tɛtʋ sʋsɔtʋ payaɣ se Khmer.
Aŋkor tɛtʋ wɛ Siem Reap tɛtʋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa nɛ hayi kiŋ. Kedeŋa kpeekpe ɛzakuliye nɛ ñɩnʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se UNESCO yɔ, ɖɩ-tʋma ñʋʋ wɛ Aŋkor tɛtʋ taa. Kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1992 nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna sɔnɔ yɔ, Aŋkor tɛtʋ taa peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ Ajɛya kpeejkpe kpɛndʋʋ ŋgbɛyɛ tɔsʋʋ tʋma ñʋʋ wɛɛ.
Aŋkor tɛtʋ pɩsɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe ɛsɩyɛ egbena ɖiwoɖe. Paa pɩnaɣ ŋga ɛyaa tuutuma wokina ɛsɩyɛ egbena Aŋkor tɛtʋ taa. Powokuuna ɛsɛyɛ egbena yɔ, pɩkɛ ñɩm sɔsɔm siŋŋ Aŋkor tɛtʋ. Kpaɖʋʋ nakʋ (9) ñɩŋʋ taa pesiɣ Aŋkor tɛtʋ maʋ kpooluu.
Bernhard Riemann
Georg Friedrich Bernahard Riemann, palʊla-ɩ salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 17 pɩnaɣ 1826 kɛ Breslenz tɛtʊ taa, Caama ɛjaɖɛ. Ɛsɩ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 20 pɩnaɣ 1866 kɛ Selasca ɛjaɖɛ taa, pɩkɛ egeetiye cikpeɖe naɖɩyɛ Verbania kooka taa kɛ Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛyʊ ɛɛkɛ lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩyʊ Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa. Palʊla-ɩ Breselenz, pɩkɛ haɖaa kooka nakɛyɛ Hanover kewiyaɣ ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ nɔɔnɔɔ tɛ Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa. Riemann kɛ pɩɣa naalɛ ŋga kɛ pɩyaa loɖo taa. Ɛ-caa, Friedrich Bernhard Riemann, ɛɛkɛ Luther ninɖiyu yaa pastɔɣɔ, ɛlaba ɖɔɖɔ napoléon tɛ yoŋ. E-ɖoo Charlotte Ebell, ɛlɛ ñasɩba lɔŋ pʊcɔ e-pipaa paɣlɩ. Bernhard kaawɛ pɩɣa ŋñɩɩ mbʊ yɔ, ɛ-ñʊʊ taa katɛma wɛʊ lɛɣtʊ lɔŋ. Ɛlɛ ɛyʊ ɛnʊyɔ ɛɛwɛ hɛmmm nɛ ɛsɔɔlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛyaa taa mbʊ lɛ, pɩpɩsɩ-ɩ kʊdɔŋ ɛ-ñʊʊ taa. Pʊkɔma pɩnaɣ 1840 taa lɛ, Bernhard wolo Hanover ɛcaɣ e-neze cɔlɔ nɛ ewoki Lyceum (kɔlɛzɩ sukuli). E-neze sɩba pɩnaɣ 1842 wayi lɛ, ewolo Lunebourg se pɩsa ɛpɩzɩ ɛla ɛ-kɔlɛzɩ sukuli. Ɛkɔma ɛtalɩ hɛkʊ taa sukuli kɩlɛlʊʊ ɖamɩŋ taa lɛ, ɛkpɛlɛkɩ sakɩyɛ Ɛsɔ tɔm takayaɣ, ɛlɛ, ɛkɩlɩ sɔɔlʊʊ lɛɣtʊ tɔm nɛ halɩ ɛsɔɔlɩ se ɛtakɩ nɛ ɛwɩlɩ takayaɣ ŋga ka-taa tɔm kiɖe nɛ lɛɣtʊ lɔŋ yɔ. Pɩɖɩzɩ ɛ-wɩlɩyaa se papɩzɩ panɩɩ ɛ-lɔŋ tɔbʊʊ nɛ pocosi-i.
Pʊkɔma pɩnaɣ 1846 taa lɛ, ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 19 kɛlɛ, pɩtɩŋna e-liɖe liidiye yɔɔ lɛ, ɛpazɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ lɔnsɩnɖɛ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ Ɛsɔ tɔm kpɛlɛkʊʊ camɩyɛ se pɩha-ɩ waɖɛ nɛ ɛpɩsɩ pastɔɣɔ yaa Ɛsɔ tɔm heyiyu nɛ ɛkapɩzɩ nɛ ɛha liidiye ɛ-ñɩma.
Pɩnaɣ 1847 taa lɛ, ɛ-caa hayi nɔmɔʊ se ɛpazɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ. Kajalaɣ lɛ, ɛla Göttingen sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa ɖenɖe ɛkata Carl Friedrich Gauss yɔɔ, pʊwayɩ lɛ, ɛla Berlin sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa ɖɔɖɔ ɖenɖe ɛkata wɩlɩyaa lalaa ɛzɩ Jacobi nɛ Steiner nɛ Dirichlet. Ehiɣa se ɛpɩsɩ wɩlɩyʊ kɛ Göttingen sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa pɩnaɣ 1857 taa lɛ, ɛɖanɩɣ kpaʊ Dirichlet lɩmaɣza alɩwaatʊ ɛlɛ ñasɩba yɔ. Pʊkɔma pɩnaɣ 1862 lɛ, ɛkpaɣ halʊ nɛ paya ɛlɛ se Elise Koch. Bernhard sɩbɩna kpezi wɩlaɣ kʊɖɔŋ mbʊ lɛ, ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 39 kɛ Selasca tɛtʊ taa nɛ pepime-ɩ Biganzolo sɩɖaa naŋ yɔɔ kɛ Verbania tɛtʊ taa.
Hɛbra kʊnʊŋ
Hɛbra kɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩlɩna hɛkʊ nɛ hayi kɩŋ pilinzi nzɩ sɩ-dɛ nɛ sémitique mba kʊnʊmɩŋ taa kɛ Canaa mba agbeɣlaa taa. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩñɔtɩna kpaagba kpam nɛ kɩwɛ ɛzɩ phénicien ŋgʊ nɛ araméennes kʊnʊŋ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ Arabɩɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔ. kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ mba panɩʊ kʊ yɔ patalɩɩ ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ waa lutozo nɛ pʊyɔɔ mbʊ yɔ. Amarna yaa Tel-Amarna, wɛna ɖama nɛ Egipiti kpaɖʊ hɩʊ nɛ naanza pʊcɔ ɖakpaɖʊ tɛ ɛgbaɣdɩyɛ. Masɩ nasɩyɛ lɩna nɛ Canaan. Pamazɩ nɛ Akkadien taa, canaʊ taa ɛgbaɣdɩyɛ kʊnʊŋ. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩwɛna tɔm nɛ tɔmpee sakɩyɛ kɛ sémitique wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pɔyɔɔdʊʊ Canaan yɔ. Ɖɩkatʊ yɔɔdaasɩɩ nasɩyɛ nɛ sɩmakɩ Hɛbra kʊnʊŋ paɣtʊ, mbʊ pʊwɩlɩʊ se pʊcɔ matʊ alʊwatʊ lɛ yɔɔdɔɔ wɛtʊ kɛwɛ nɛ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ Hɛbra tɔm kɛ Canaan ɛjaɖɛ pʊcɔ Hɛbra mba maɣmaɣ caɣʊ Canaan taa.Masɩ nzɩ sɩdalɩna Hɛbra mba cɔlɔ, ɛlɛ pʊdɔma Apirou wɛtʊ taa, Apirou mba kɛ ɛyaa mba padasɩm-wɛ camɩyɛ yɔ ɛlɛ paya-wɛ hɩla wena awɛzɩ Hɛbra mba hɩla yatʊ yɔ.
Hɛbra mba takayaɣ kɩɖeɖea taa tɔm kɛ palabɩna tʊmɩyɛ kɛ tɔm kpɩtʊ alʊwatʊ taa yaa Hɛbra paɣtʊ hɔkʊ taa kɛ Synagogue kɛ payaɣ se massorétique tɔm. Massoret tɔbʊʊ se polɩŋ taa cɛlʊʊ. Kɩ-tɛ tɔm cɔlʊʊ kɛ wazaɣ tɔmɩyɛ sɩɩŋ kɛ kpaɖɩŋ sakɩyɛ taa. Ɖooo canaʊ awɩyaa sosaa kɛ kpaɖʊ lutozo pʊcɔ palʊlʊ Yeesu pʊwolo pɩtalɩ Maccabées waa, Daniel tɔm takayaɣ 167 pʊcɔ Krɩstʊ mba kpaɖʊ kɛ pʊwɛ kaɖɛ se paɖʊ hɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ.
Hɛbra kʊnʊŋ kɛ ɛsɔ kɩlaʊ tɛ kʊnʊŋ nɛ kɩ-wɛ ndɩ nɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ samaɣ yɔɔdʊʊ. Ɖɩkatʊ koŋ tɔm pe wena ɛzɩ palakɩnɛ yɛɛ tʊmɩyɛ kɩlaʊ hɔlʊʊ taa yɔ. Nɛ ɖɩnaɣ se kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩwɛna tɩlasɩ kɛkɩlaʊ nʊmɔʊ taa. Takayaɣ kɩɖeɖea wɛna tɔm pe kudokɩŋ lutozo nɛ kudokɩŋ naalɛ kɛ hapax, (tɔm pe wena alɩɣ tɔm kʊyʊm yɔ), pamaɣ tɔm pe anaa kɛ Hɛbra lɩla 500 yeke yɔ. Nɛ ɖɩmaɣzɩ kɔyɔ canaʊ alɩwaatʊ kʊɖʊmtʊ ndʊ tɩyɔɔ lɛ Krɛsɩ yɔɔdaɣ kɛwɛna tɔm pe 120000.
Mbʊlɛ, ɖɩkpa se Hɛbra kɩlaʊ sɩma tɔlɩm pazɩ mbʊ yɔ kʊhʊlʊmʊ nɛ kɩkpɛɛdʊ nɛ kɩsɛɛmʊ nɛ pɔlɔɔ. Tɔm tɔɔbʊʊ lɩzɩʊ wɛɛ ndɩ ndɩ.
Jules César
Jules César kɛ Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa tʊ. Palʊlɩ-ɩ Room tɛtʋ kɛ Itaalii tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Palʋla-ɩ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ taa, kɩyakʋ hiu nɛnaadozo ñɩŋgʋ wiye. Palʋla-ɩ nɛ pɩla pɩnzɩ mɩnʋʋ (100) nɛ pʋcɔ palʊlɩ Yesu Krɩstʊ. Ɛkɛkɛ sɔɔjanaa ñʋʋdʋ sɔsɔ (Général) nɛ politiki laɖʊ sɔsɔ nɛ takayɛsɩ mayʊ sɔsɔ tɛtʋ taa  Room, Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛsɩba lakɩŋ fenaɣ taa, kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ kakpaanzɩ ñɩŋgʋ wiye. Ɛsɩba nɛ pɩla pɩnzɩ 44 nɛ pʋcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesu Krɩstʊ.
Ɛ-ɖoo payaɣ se Aurelia Cotta nɛ ɛ-caa hɩɖɛ lɛ Caius Jules César naatozo tʊ. Ɛ-halʊ kɔɔnɔɔ tʊ lɛ Cossutia, ɛlɛ wayɩ kɛlɛ panɛ paba : Pompeia Sulla nɛ Calpurnia Pisonis. Ɛkawɛna pɩɣa kʊɖʊmaɣ. Payaɣ-kɛ se Juliya, ɛkɔɔnɔɔ halʊ ɛlʊlɩna-kɛ. Piya sɩnɛ : Ptolémée hiu nɛ kagbaanzɩ tʋ nɛ Auguste lɛ, paba yawaɣ-ɩ se pa-caa cikpelu. Ɛsɩba lakɩŋ fenaɣ taa, kɩyakʋ kagbaanzɩ ñɩŋgʊ wiye, pɩnaɣ nɩɩnaza nɛ naanza (44) taa nɛ pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yesu Krɩstʊ, Room tɛtʊ taa ɛsɩba.
Komiinism
Ɛbɛ payaɣ se Komiinizim? Ɛyaa tɩŋa kpɛndʋʋ nɛ patɩɣyɩɣ ɛjaɖɛ n̄ɩm yɔ payaɣ ḿbʋ. Mba pɔsɔɔlaa se ɛyaa ɩkpɛndɩ pa-tɩŋa nɛ patɩɣyɩ ɛjaɖɛ n̄ɩm yɔ, mba lɩzɩna lɩmaɣza ana. Ɛyaa mba pa-taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ se Karl Marx yɔ. Komiinizim lɩmaɣza ha siɣye nɛ mbʋ payaɣ se Kapitaalism yɔ. Kapitaalism lɩmaɣzɛ kɔyɔ se pʋwɛɛ se paa weyi ɛtɩlɩ se ɛ-n̄ɩm kɔyɔ nɛ lɛlʋ n̄ɩmbʋ kɛlɛ. Komiinizim tɔsɔɔlɩ se payaa se ɛnɛ yɔ n̄ʋʋdʋ nɛ ɛ-tɛɛ n̄ɩma yɔ. Komiinizim tɔŋ se pʋwɛɛ se ɛyaa tɩŋa ɩwɛɛ kɩmaŋ. Poyo you sɔsɔʋ kajalaɣ n̄ɩŋgʋ ŋgʋ kɩtaɣna kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔ nɛ kɩtɛ lɛ, komiinizim lɩmaɣzɩyɛ lɩwa. Mba payaɣ se "Bolchevikwaa" yɔ, mba tulusina you ŋgʋ. Komiinizim lɩmaɣza lɩna you ŋgʋ kɩɩwɛ tɛndɛŋa tɛɛ ajɛɛ naayɛ hɛkʋ taa yɔ kʋ-cɔlɔ.
Kajalaɣ taa paaɣ lɛ, komiinizim tɔsɔɔlɩ se palɩzɩ nɔɔyʋ se ɛnʋ lɛ ɛjaɖɛ n̄ʋʋdʋ nɛ ɛ-tɛɛ n̄ɩma n̄ɛwɛɛ. Kʋsɔɔlaa se ɛyaa tɩŋa ɩwɛɛ kɩmaŋ, n̄ɩmdʋ ɛtaawɛɛ, kʋn̄ɔndʋ ɛtaawɛɛ. Liidiye tɔm fɛyɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Nɔɔyʋ nɛ lɛlʋ patɛyɩɣ pʋyʋ. Ɛyaa tɩŋa tɩna ɛjaɖɛ n̄ɩm. Pɩlaba pɩnzɩ nɩɩnʋwa nɛ hiŋ naanza nɛ pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ yɔ, weyi payaɣ se Karl Marx yɔ, ɛlɩzʋʋ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ yɔ. Aloma fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1917 taa sɔsɔ Lénin ɖiya Bolchevikwaa nɛ pamʋ Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ taa kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa peyebi yaʋ se Komiinizim nɛ payaɣ se kedeŋa kpeekpe politiki ŋgbɛyɛ.