cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Ɖaɣlakɩŋ (longeur)
Ɖaɣlakɩŋ sɔsɔŋ wɛɛ nɛ ɖalakɩŋ cikpeŋ ñɛwɛɛ. Ɖaɣlakɩŋ sɔsɔŋ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se « longueur » nɛ payaa ɖaɣlakɩŋ cikpeŋ se « largeur ». Ɖaɣlakɩŋ sɔsɔŋ kɩlɛmʊʊ yaa kumoɖe kɔyɔ « L » nɛ ɖaɣlakɩŋ cikpeŋ kumoɖe lɛ « l ». Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se yee pama mayaɣ « L » kɔyɔ, ɛyʊ naɣ mbʊ se wonuu nakʊyʊ ɖaɣlakɩŋ tɔm pɔyɔɔdʊʊ nɛ yee pama mayaɣ « l » yɔ, pɩwɩlɩɣ se wonuu nakʊyʊ tɛ ɖaɣlakɩŋ cikpeŋ tɔm pɔyɔɔdʊʊ.
Ɖɩkpaɣ kuduyuŋ nɔnɔsɩ nɛ ɖɩna. Kuduyuu nɔnɔɔ tɛ pɔɔyʊʊ wɛna hɔɔlʊʊ naanza. Hɔɔlɩŋ naanza ɛnʊ, ɛɖaɣla kɩmaŋ naalɛ naalɛ. Hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɩlɩ ɖaɣlʊʊ yɔ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se « longueur » nɛ payaa hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩtatalɩ hɔɔlʊʊ lɛɛkʊ ɖaɣlʊʊ yɔ se « largeur ». Hɔɔlɩŋ kitibiŋ wɛ naalɛ, ɛ-ɖaɣlakɩŋ wɛ kɩmaŋ. Hɔɔlɩŋ kitibiŋ ɛnʊ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se «longueur ». Hɔɔlɩŋ kɩkaaŋ ñɛwɛ ɖɔɖɔ naalɛ nɛ ɛlɛ ɖa-lakɩŋ ñɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ kɩmaŋ. Payaɣ ɛlɛ ɖa-lakɩŋ nɛ fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se « largeur ».
Pamaɣzɩɣ wonuu ɖaɣlakɩŋ nɛ mɛta. Wonuu ɖaɣlakɩŋ pɩzɩɣ pɩkɛ mɛta (mètre) kʊɖʊmʊʊ yaa mɛtanaa naalɛ nɛ pɩɖɛɛ pʊ-yɔɔ. Wonuu ɖaɣlakɩŋ pɩzɩ pɩkɛ santimɛta kʊɖʊmʊʊ yaa naalɛ nɛ pɩɖɛɛ pʊ-yɔɔ. Wondu ndʊ tɩkɩlɩ ɖaɣlʊʊ yɔ, tʊtʊ ɖaɣlakɩŋ kɛɣ kilomɛtanaa ndɩ ndɩ mbʊ yɔ. Wonuu ɖaɣlakɩŋ ɛɛlɩɣna soŋaɣ yaa niikaɣ yaa nabʊyʊ cɔlɔ.
Mikhaïl Gorbatchev
Mikhaïl Sergueïevitch Gorbatchev (Ruusii kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, Михаил Сергеевич Горбачёв, Mikhaïl Sergueïevitch Gorbatchiov, [mʲɪxɐˈil sʲɪrˈɡʲejɪvʲɪtɕ ɡərbɐˈtɕɵf], nabʊyʊ taa lɛ, paya-ɩ se Gorby, palʊla-ɩ lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 2 pɩnaɣ 1931 Privolnoïe (ru) nɔɔnɔɔ Stavropol Kraï tɛtʊ taa, ɛɛkɛ Sofiyetiki nɛ Ruusii ajɛyɛ ñʊʊ tʊ weyi eɖiyi URSS pɩnzɩ 1985 nɛ 1991 taa yɔ.
Mikhaïl Gorbatchev, ɛ-tɛ nɛ Caucase nɛ Hayi kiŋ Stavropol Kraï tɛtʊ taa. Ɛ-caa naa Kolkhozien waa patamsa pa-tɩ nɛ kpɛndɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ yɔɔ lʊɖaa, palʊla-ɩ lɛ, e-kiɖe taa kaawɛ kalɩmʊlaɣ kɩbaŋa nakɛyɛ ŋnɔɔ. Ɛkɛ Sergueï Andreïevitch Gorbatchev pɩɣa (pɩnzɩ 1909 ŋtalɩ 1976), ɛɛkɛ sɔɔja kɩbɩnʊʊ kedeŋga kpeekpe you naalɛ ŋgʊ taa, nɛ ɛsaɣa haɖaʊ lɔɔɖa Privolnoïe haɖaa taa nɛ Maria Panteleïevna née Gopkalo (pɩnzɩ 1911 ŋtalɩ 1993).
Pakpa ɛ-cɔzɔ pɩnaɣ nakɛyɛ nɛ pɔtɔ-ɩ salaka. Papazɩ ponutu-ɩ yaa pɔtɔyɩtɩ-ɩ kakaa fenasɩ hiu nɛ nanza, nɛ pʊcɔ paɖɩyɩ-ɩ se ɛtasɩɣ liɣ wiɖi kaŋalaŋ. Paɖanɩɣ wɩlɩɣ ɛ-takayasɩ taa lɛ, tɔm hʊyʊ sɔsɔ lɩzɩ se ɛtala wiɖi kaʊ ɛyaa kʊʊ yaa ɛsatʊ tɔm natʊyʊ kaʊ, mbʊ lɛ, pɩtamʊna se caɣ tam salaka. Patʊlɩ-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1938, nɛ ɛɖanɩɣ kpaɣʊ ɛjaɖɛ kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ Kolkhoze ɛjaɖɛ taa pɩnaɣ 1939. Tɔm ndʊ tɩcaɣ piŋ Mikhaïl yɔɔ nɛ ɛtɔŋ se maŋpɩcatʊ taa mankanaɣ tuluu ndʊ mansɩma yɔ, pakpa mɔn-cɔzɔ nɛ paɖɩɣ. Powona-ɩ nɛ ɖoo hɛkʊ.
Ɛtɛma e-sukuli hɛkʊ taa sukuli taa lɛ, ɛlakɩ tʊmɩyɛ ɛ-cɔzɔ cɔlɔ ɛzɩ haɖaʊ lɔɖaa sayʊ yɔ. Pɩsa nɛ pasayɩ ɛ-ñʊʊ taa lɛ, paha-ɩ samtʊ nimiye nɛ pawɩlɩ-ɩ tʊmɩyɛ kɩɖaʊ kɛtɛka kɩsɛmaɣ nɛ powona-ɩ Moscou se sukuli sɔsɔʊ. Peeɖe ɛlaba waɖɛ sukuli sukuli kɩtɛzɩɣ taa Lomonossov tɛtʊ taa, peeɖe ɛkata Raïssa Titarenko weyi ɛka-ɩ labʊ halʊ yɔ. Pʊkɔma pɩnzɩ 1964 nɛ 1967 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, ɛkpɛlɛkɩ haɖaʊ tʊmɩyɛ Stavropol haɖaʊ sukuli taa nɛ ɛɖʊ ɛtɩ haɖaʊ cɛyɩtʊ tɔm kpɛlɛkɩɣ nɔmɔʊ taa.
1916
Pɩnaɣ 1916 kɛ pɩnaɣ 1916 ñɩŋga kɛ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ yɔ. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ taa lɛ, pɩnaɣ 1916 kɛŋna hiu nɛ loɖo ñɩŋga. Kɛwɛ pɩnzɩ 1915 nɛ 1917 hɛkʋ taa. =1916 taa lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ = Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ sɩnɛ yɔ sɩlaba :
Kɔŋkɔmbrɩ
Kɔŋkɔmbrɩ kɛna ɖozi hatʊ tɩʊ nɛ kɩwɛ ñɩtʊ tɩyɛ piyele kʊlɔkɩ ta-taa ɖɔɖɔ. Kʊlʊlʊ lɛ pee wɛ ɛzɩ kamɩyɛ yaa somboɖe yɔ ɛlɛ pɩtatalɩ mbʊ kiu nɛ paɣlɩka. Haɖaʊ nʊmɔʊ taa lɛ, kɔŋkɔmbrɩ kɛna tɩʊ ŋgʊ pahayʊ-kʊ kɩ-hatʊ yaa ki-pee yɔɔ yɔ. Tɩʊ kʊnɛ, ɖooo kiɖe tɛɛ lɛ kɩñɔwaɣ yem lakʊ taa, Himalaya pʊʊ liu tɛɛ kpɛɛ kɛ kɩñɔwaɣ pʊcɔ nɛ Ɛndɩ taa pacalɩ-kʊ hayʊ. Papaɣzʊ kɔŋkɔmbrɩ kɛ hayʊ kɛ Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ, pɩtalʊ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 3000 yɔ. Azii nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa nɛ pʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Himalaya yɔ ki-liŋ tɛɛ kpɛɛ kɛ papaɣzɩ kɔŋkɔmbrɩ hayʊ pɩtala ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 3000 yɔ. Takayaɣ kiɖeɖeɣa taa Hebreya mba yɔɔdɩ kɔŋkɔmbrɩ tɔm kɛ tɔm nabutozo taa. Ɖooo caanaɣ taa Krɛkɩ nɛ Roma mba kaasɔɔla ɖɔɖɔ se pɔtɔɔnasɩ taa kɔŋkɔmbrɩ ɛwɛɛ nɛ Pline l’Ancien yɔɔdʊ se awiya mba payawaɣ wɛ se Auguste nɛ Tibère yɔ, paasɔɔla kɔŋkɔmbrɩ tɔm se nabʊyʊ yɔ. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kɔŋkɔmbrɩ taakɩlɩ paɣlʊ ɛzɩ sɔ nɔ yɔ nɛ pɔtɔkaɣ-kʊ nɛ tʊŋ nʊm, pʊtɔbʊʊ se kɔŋkɔmbrɩ ŋgʊ kɩɩwɛ ñaŋ.
Kɔŋkɔmbrɩ tɩʊ ɖaalaa nɛ kɩwɛ mɩlɩ mɩlɩ ɛzɩ ñɩtʊ yem yɔ ɛlɛ tiku kʊɖʊmʊ yɔɔ pilinzɩ lɩʊ yʊʊʊ nɛ hatʊ ñɛwɛ ɛzɩ pɛsɛtɩ tɩ-nɔsɩ yɔɔ yɔ. Pilinzi nɛ sɩ-hatʊ yɔɔ wɛ koonim nɛ pɩwɛɛ ñakayʊʊʊ. Tɩʊ kʊnɛ ki-pee ɖaɣla lɔɔɔ lɔɔɔ nɛ a-ɖaalakɩŋ taa pɩzʊ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ santimɛtana 30 yɔ nɛ yee pamaɣza cɛŋga ŋga pafakɩ hɛkʊ taa kɔ yɔ, kaka ñatalʊ ɛzɩ santimɛtana 5 yɔ. Kɔŋkɔmbrɩ ɛtabɩda kɔyɔ, kɩ-sɛmɩŋ wɛ ɛzɩ tɩŋ hatʊ yɔ. Kɩwɩzʊ pʊʊ lɛ kɩsɛʊ ɛzɩ sʊtʊ lɩm yɔ nɛ kɩpʊʊ camɩyɛ nɛ kɩtɛ lɛ, kɩhʊlʊmʊ caʊʊ. Kɔŋkɔmbrɩnaa wɛna pɩlɩŋ sakɩyɛ, pʊyɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, kɩ-sɛmɩŋ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna pɩlɩʊ ŋgʊ lɛ kɩ-taa pee. Erɔpʊ taa lɛ, pɩlɩŋ 870 kɛ pakala ɛlɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, pɩlɩŋ 45 kɛ pahayʊ. Keteŋa kpeekpe taa ajɛya wena akɩlʊ hayʊ kɛ kɔnkɔmbrɩ yɔ ana yɔ : Rusii, Ɛsɩpañɩ nɛ Poloñɩ.
Ɛyʊ yɔɔdaɣ
Pɛkpɛlɛkʊʊ yɔɔdaɣ yɔ pɩpazɩna ɛyʊ kɛnɛ ɖooo ɛ-pɩjatʊ taa pɩtɩŋna ɛzɩma ɛ nɛ ɛyaa yɔ. Kʊnʊŋ tʊmɩyɛ labɩnaʊ kɛ ɛsakuliye pɩyʊ siŋ ɛyʊ cɔlɔ, kɛlɛ pɩtasɩna yɔɔdaɣ yeke ɛlɛ kʊ-tʊma ɖɔ sakɩyɛ, patɩlɩ se ñɛ-tɛɛ le, ɛyʊ ɖɩcaɣyɛ lalaa hɛkʊ taa, ɛyaa hɛkʊ taa lɩmaɣza labʊ nɛ aleɣya.
Tɔmpiye yɔɔdaɣ lɩna ɖooo Ɛnɖɩ nɛ Erɔpʊ dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s, yaa dn̥g̑huhā, dn̥ǵ(h)wā- nɛ dhn̥ǵ(h)wā-, kɛlɛ pɩwɩlɩ se pɩkɛ kʊnʊŋ (ajɔɔɖɛ), tɔmʊʊ nɛ yɔɔdaɣ. Kɛlɛ ɛha latɛŋ hɩɖɛ mbʊ se lingua (ɖɩɖɩ ñalɩna ɖooo kɩbɩnjaazɩ latɛŋ taa se dingua), pʊ-tɔbʊʊ nzʊlɩmɩyɛ, kɛlɛ pɩpɩsɩ anasaayɩ kɩbɩnʊʊ taa se language.
Tɛrɩbɩyɔm
Tɛrɩbɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 65 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Tb. Pɩkɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ weyi ɛwɛ kpʊzɩyɛɛ liidiye tɩyɛ yɔ, ɛ-tɛ nɛ lantanɩ waa tɛ kiŋ kɛdɛɖaɣ tɛtʊ naa taa. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ tɛerɩbɩyɔm lɩna lone nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa palɩ ɛ-yɔɔ yɔ, Ytterby pʊñɔtɩna Stockholm kɛ Sʊyɛdɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, ɖenɖe pana ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-taa patɩla kɛdɛɖaɣ tɛtʊ naa lalaa yɔ. Ɩtrɩyɔm, Ɛrɩbɩyɔm nɛ Ɩtɛrɩbɩyɔm pa-yatʊ kʊyʊmtʊ. Ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ yɔ pɛcɛsɩɣ tɛrɩbɩyɔm kɛ monazite kañɩŋga taa kɛnɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ lantanɩ waa lalaa yɔ. Tɛrɩbɩyɔm kɛ tɛtɛɛ ñɩm mbʊ paalɛzɩɣ-pʊ yɔ. Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ hɛkʊ taa lɛɣtʊ ñɩnɩyaa kaatɛma maʊ takayaɣ kusuzaɣa nakɛyɛ nɛ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ ka-taa kɛ tɛrɩbɩyɔm tɛmtʊ tɔm pɩnaɣ 2012. Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1789 lɛ, Fɛɛlandɩ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ Johan Gadolin lɩzɩ ɔkɩsɩdɩ kɩfalʊʊ (yaa tɛtʊ) Ɩtɛrɩbɩtɩ ŋñɩɩ cɛbɩyaɣ taa (patasɩ-ɩ yaʊ pʊwayɩ se kadɔlɩnɩtɩ pɩlɩna ɛ-hɩɖɛ yɔɔ). Kaʊ kɩfalʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩɩkɛ Sʊyɛɛdɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ Ytterby. Pɩnaɣ 1797 Anders Gustaf Ekeberg ñɩɣ nesi ɛ-tʊma takayasɩ taa pɩwɩlɩ se etisaa nɛ ɛyaa ɔkɩsɩdɩ kɩfalʊʊ ŋgʊ se yttria. Kpaɣɖɩŋ sakɩyɛ wayɩ, paɖanɩ paazʊʊ tʊm pɔzɩtʊ Mosander natʊ tʊma yɔɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1860, ɛɛgbaɣtʊ Nils Johan Berlin ɖanɩɣ paazʊʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ yttria ŋgʊ palɩzɩ-kʊ kpata yɔ kɩyɔɔ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ ɛpɩzɩ ɛlɩzɩ ɔkɩsɩdɩ waa naalɛ. Ɛmaɣzɩ nɛ ɛkpaɣ lɛlʊ se ɛkɛ ɩtrɩyɔm tɛ ɔkɩsɩdɩ kem nɛ ɛna lɛlʊ ɛlɛ ñɛkɛɛrbɩnɩ Mosander tɛ ŋgʊ. Pɩtɛ ñɩnɩtʊ ndʊ paɖanɩ-tʊ paazʊʊ pɩnaɣ 1864 kɛ Göttingen pɩtɩŋna Friedrich Otto Popp nɛ Genève ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ Marc Delafontaine papa ɖɔɖɔ lɩmaɣza kɩtɛza tata.
Guru Granth Sahib
Guru Granth Sahib kɛ Sikhs waa tɛ takayaɣ kiɖeɖeɣa, mba paya-kɛ Guru (yaa ciyam wɩlɩyʊ) maatɛŋ. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ tɔmpee lɩna sanskrit kʊnʊŋ taa, pendjabi nɛ ceu kʊnʊmɩŋ taa. Guru tɔbʊʊ se ɛyʊ weyi ɛlɩzɩ-mɩ cɩkpɛndʊʊ taa nɛ ewokina-mɩ mʊntʊsʊʊ taa yɔ, Gu tɔbʊʊ se cɩkpɛndʊʊ, ŋgʊ ru tɔbʊʊ se mʊntʊsʊʊ.
Granth tɔbʊʊ se takayaɣ kiɖeɖeɣa (palɩzɩ Granth tɔbʊʊ kɛlɛʊ se takayaɣ nɛ Sikh waa tɔŋ se pɩkɛɛ kaañamtʊ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛyʊ yɔɔdʊʊ Guru Granth Sahib tɔm yɔ, ŋgʊ alɩwaatʊ kʊyʊmtʊ ndʊ tɩyɔɔ penjabi tɩnaa tɛ lɛ Granth tɔbʊʊ se takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ, ( tɔmpiye nɖɩ palɩzɩ-ɖɩ ceu kʊnʊŋ taa nɛ tɩwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ hindi kʊnʊŋ taa) nɛ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛgbaɣtʊ, tabalʊ, kɛlɛ palɩzɩ tɩ-tɔbʊʊ mbʊ se wɩlɩyʊ Guru takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ. Tanaŋ nɛ ɖanaɣ ewelesiɣ Sikhs tɔm mʊyaa cɔlɔ, mba payaɣ se gurdwaras waa. Sikhs ɛyaa luŋuu ɛ-tɛɛ, nɛ eyeke etukuna altaro Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ kpaŋ taa, eyeke pɛcɛla-kʊ. Ɛyaa ñaŋɩɣ-ɩ ɛzɩ gourou weyi nɛ ɛ-ɛsɛ yɔ. Ɛkɛ guru hiu nɛ kʊyʊm ñɩnʊ. Guru Nanak (pɩnzɩ 1469-1539), kajalaɣ gourou Sikh tɩnaa tɛ ɛnʊ kaalɛna paɣzɩ maʊ. Guru Granth Sahib takayaasɩ tɩŋa kaawɛna takayɩ hatʊ 1430. Takayɩ hatʊ 1430 nzɩ Guru Arjan ɖʊ-sɩ pɩnaɣ 1604 takayasɩ lɛɛsɩ taa (ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛnʊ kɛna kagbanzɩ tʊ kɛ mba pɛlɛɛza Guru Nanah yɔ) nɛ ɛkpaɣ hɩɖɛ se Adi Granth. Pʊwayɩ yɔ pɩnaɣ 1705 Guru Gobind Singh tɛza tʊ nɛ ɛsɔzʊʊ ɛ-caa Guru Tegh Bahadur weyi ɛlɛza-ɩ yɔ ɛ-tɛ hama keɣsi tɔm. Pʊcɔ ɛsɩ pɩnaɣ 1708 lɛ, Guru Gobind Singh pa hulaɣ Sri Guru Granth Sahib se eyeke koŋ ɛkɛʊna e-lone taa caɣyʊ ɛ-sɩm wayi.
Georg Friedrich Haendel
Palʊla Georg Friedrich Haendel kɛ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 23 pɩnaɣ 1685 Hɔɔlɩ, Magdeburgi tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛsɩ Lɔndrɩ tɛtʊ taa, Aŋglɩtɛɛrɩ taa kɛ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 14 ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1759, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 74. Jean Sébastien Bach cɩmɩŋ ɛkɩlɩɣ mabʋ. Sakɩsɩ tɛtʋ taa Georg Friedrich Händel caɣa nɛ ɛkɔɔ ɛpaɣlɩ. Ɛcaɣ ɖɔɖɔ Hamburgi tɛtʋ taa alɩwaatʋ natʋyʋ cabɩ.
Georg Friedrich Händel kʋyɩ Saxe tɛtʋ taa lɛ, ewolo ɛcaɣ Italii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Peeɖe ɛlaba nʋmɔʋ ɖɔm tʋmɩyɛ sakɩyɛ. Ɛcaɣ Italii ɛjaɖɛ taa pɩnzɩ naadozo. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, ewolo Hanovri tɛtʋ taa. Hanovri tɛtʋ taa ɛkʋyɩnaa nɛ ɛɖɛɛ ɛcaɣ kpaagbaa Aŋglɩtɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Georg Friedrich Haendel cɛyɩ ɛ-tɩ kpem nɛ ɛ-tʋma labʋ taa payɩ lɛ, eyozi ajɛɛ sʋsɔnaa naayɩ tɛ sɔnzɩ cɩmɩŋ wɩlɩtʋ sʋsɔtʋ. Ajɛɛ ana yɔ : Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ, Caama ñɩnɖɛ, Aŋgletɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ pɩtasɩna Fransɩ ñɩnɖɛ.
Georg Friedrich Händel Haendel makɩ cɩmʊ ŋgʋ payaɣ se Orɩgɩ yɔ. Ɛmakɩ ɖɔɖɔ cɩmʊ ŋgʋ payaɣ se klavɛsɛɛ yɔ. Ɛkpaɣ pɩnzɩ 35 mbʋ yɔ nɛ ɛkpɛlɛkɩ mbʋ payaɣ se opera yɔ pɩ-labʋ Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, ɛlɩzɩ mbʋ payaɣ se oratoriyo waa yɔ. Ɛmʋ oratoriyo waa lɩzʋʋ samtʊ nimiye sɔsɔyɛ Aŋgletɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Peeɖe ɛpɩsɩ cɩmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ mabʋ wɩlɩyaa taa wɩlɩyʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ Aŋgletɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Le Corbusier
Palʊla Le Corbusier kɛ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ looɖo wiye pŋaɣ 1887 kɛ Laso-de-Fɔŋ, Suwisi ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛsɩ kɛyɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ nɛɛlɛ nɛ lʊbɛ Rɔkebruni-Kapɩ-Martɩŋ. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ sɔsɔyɛ kɔyɔ Charles-Edouard Jeanneret-Gris nɛ Le Corbusier kɛ ɛyaa sɩmna-ɩ. Ɛkɛ Suwisi ɛjaɖɛ taatʊ ɛlɛ ɛpɩsa ɛ-tɩ Fransɩ tʊ. Ɛyʊ ɛnɛ kpalawʊwa lʊyʊ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ, tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ maʊ tʊ, tɔlɩm tayʊ, wendu cʊnʊyʊ, saayʊ nɛ takayasɩ mayʊ. Le Corbusier kɛna mba pɛkɛ ɖɔnɛ kɩfaɖɛ yɔɔ ñɩniya taa tʊ, ɛzɩ Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Walter Gropius, Alvar Aalto et Theo van Doesburg yɔ.
Lɛ Corbusier nɛ Robert Mallet-Stevens pacakaɣ ɖoli kʊɖʊm nɛ panaɣ ɖamaa taa. Ɛyʊ ɛnɛ ɛlaba tʊmɩyɛ sakɩyɛ kɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ maʊ taa nɛ ɖɩcaɣyɛ kɩpanɖɛ mʊnaʊ tʊmɩyɛ. Payaɣ ɛ-caa se Georges-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris nɛ pɛkɛna tɩ yɔɔ nesi tɛɛ tʊmiyɛ laɖa nɛ paɖʊ kʊyɔɔ kɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ. Payaɣ e-ɖoo se Marie-Charlotte-Amélie Perret. Ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ pakɩla-ɩ sɩmnaʊ yɔ nɖɩ lɛ ɛyʊ kʊɖʊm caɣʊ kʊdʊyʊ kʊsʊsʊ tɛɛ tɔm nɛ tʊm piye ɖɩnɛ ɛpaɣza ɖɩ-yɔɔ kɛ maɣzʊ pɩnzɩ 1920 taa.
Oreegonii
Oreegonii kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ.
Oreegonii ɛjaɖɛɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ. Hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Waaziŋtonii ajɛya cikpena wɛna nɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Kalifɔɔrnii ñɩnɖɛ piyele nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Nevadaa wɛna kamaɣ yɔɔ. Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Idahoo tɛtʊ.
Pamaza Oreegonii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 255 026 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 248 849  km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 6 177  km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 2.42  yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Oreegonii taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Salem nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ. nɛ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Portland.
Ɛjaɖ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 27 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 33 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 14 ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1859. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 3 831 074 yɔ.
Payaɣ Oreegɔnii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Kate Brown (D) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Ron Wyden (D) nɛ Jeff Merkley (D).
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ Eŋgilisi. Ɛlɛ siŋŋŋ taa lɛ, komina maɣmaɣ tatɩɩ hada nɔɔ camɩyɛ se aŋgilisi kɛŋna kɩ-kʊnʊŋ.
Maɣzɩm fɛyɩ tʊ
Maɣzɩm fɛyɩ, pɩkɛ maɣzɩm taa wiluu tʊmɩyɛ kajalaɣ nɖɛ, nɛ ɖɩ-maɣmaɣ ɖɩɖʊna maɣzɩm tɔm, maɣzɩm fɛyɩ kɛ mbʊ paasɩŋ maɣzɩm cɔlɔ yɔ. Kajalaɣ ɖoli ɖoli tʊmɩyɛ labʊ kɔyɛ tɛ nɖɩ Sigmund Freud laba yɔ ɖɩ-taa lɛ, tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩwɩlɩɣ se pɩkɛ maɣzɩm taa tɔmɩŋ nɩɩtozo (maɣzɩm fɛyɩ kɛ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe, nabʊlɛ mbʊ pɩɩwɛɛ pʊcɔ maɣzɩm yɔ, nabutozo lɛ maɣzɩm tɩtɩŋa) ŋgʊ ɖoli ɖoli tʊmɩyɛ labʊ kɔyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ naalɛ ŋgʊ taa lɛ pɩkɛ pɩyʊ yem, pɩkɛ ɖɔɖɔ ma nɛ mbʊ pɩkpaɖa ma yɔ. Jacques Lacan cɔlɔ lɛ, maɣzɩm fɛyɩ laɣsɩ lɩna ɛyʊ nzʊlɩmɩyɛ cɔlɔ kɛnɛ.
Maɣzɩm taa wiluu tʊmɩyɛ tɛ lɛ, maɣzɩm fɛyɩ kɛna ɛyʊ wɛtʊ yaa laɣsɩ, e-fezuu caɣʊʊ wɛtʊ naa, pɩkɛna mbʊ ɛyɩ liu sɔɔlʊʊ yɔ yaa ɛmaɣzʊʊ yɔ. Tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-yɔɔ laba ndɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ piŋ kɛ tʊma lɛɛna paɣtʊ taa ɛzɩ ɖɩkpaɣ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ cɔlɔ mbʊ yɔ nɛ hola wondu tʊmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ mbʊ yɔ. Kajalaɣ tɔmʊʊ kɩ-tɛ nɩtʊ ɛzɩ pʊwɩlɩ se pɩkɛ lɩmaɣza fɛyɩ yaa lɩmaɣza lebitu yɔ kaalɩna Ɛŋglɩsɩ kʊnʊŋ taa kɛnɛ. Ɖɩlɩna tɔm hʊyʊ nɔɔyʊ ɛkɛ Ɛŋglɩsɩ tʊ, ɛnʊ payaɣ se Henry Home Kames, pɩnaɣ 1751. Pʊwayɩ yɔ Suwiisi takayasɩ mayʊ nɔɔyʊ ɖʊ-tʊ Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa, Henri-Frédéric Amiel kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1860 cɔlɔ mbʊ yɔ. Pɩkɔma kpaɣɖʊ 19 alɩwaatʊ lɛ, pɩtɩŋna Schelling nɛ Arthur Schopenhauer pɔ-yɔɔ lɛ pana kpaŋ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ kɛ ɛyʊ kalɩzaɣ taa nɛ kɩɩlakɩ mbʊ pʊwɛ ɖeu yɔ, Von Hartmann susi pɩnaɣ 1868 kɛ lɩmaɣza fɛyɩ tɛ ɛyʊ yɔɔ maɣzɩm tɔm. Pɩ-tɛ kpaɣɖʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa kɛ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ lɔŋ, kɔɔ ñɩnɩyɛ nɛ ajɔɔla tʊmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ lɩ piŋ, pɩtɩŋna Johan Friedrich Herbart, Hermann von Helmholtz, Gustav Fechner, Wilhelm Wundt yaa Carl Gustav Carus, mba kɛna kajalaɣ ɛyaa mba palɩzɩ kʊzʊʊ wazaɣ tɔm ɛyʊ maɣzɩm taa.
1917
Pɩnaɣ 1917 kɛ pɩnaɣ 1917 ñɩŋga kɛ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ yɔ. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ taa lɛ, pɩnaɣ 1917 kɛŋna hiu nɛ lʋbɛ ñɩŋga. Kɛwɛ pɩnzɩ 1916 nɛ 1918 hɛkʋ taa. =1917 taa lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ = Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ sɩnɛ yɔ sɩlaba :
Aŋgɩlɩtɛɛrɩ
Aŋgɩlɩtɛɛrɩ kɛna Kewiyaɣ kɩkpɛndaɣ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖinɛ ɖi-hayʊ kiŋ lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Ekɔsɩ yɔ ɖɩwɛnɑ nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Macɛsɩ yɔ ɖɩwɛna. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ, teŋgunaa sakɩyɛ cɔ-ɖɩ kpɛɛ nɛ pɩta nɛ teŋgunaa mba pa-taa kɔyɔ: tɛngʊ hayʊ kiŋ ñɩŋgʊ kɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa; wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ, Iiritalandɩ teŋgu; hadɛ kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, teŋgu ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Sɛltiki yɔ kɩwɛna piyele pɔɔ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ se Mansɩ yɔ kɛwɛna nɛ ŋga kɛtɛyʊna Ɩŋilitɛɛrɩ nɛ Erɔpʊ tɛtʊ. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ nɛ pɩta yɔ tɩɖɛ ɛzɩ mɩnɩʊ yɔ.
Lɔndrɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Kewiyaɣ kɩkpɛndaɣ ajɛyaa taa lɛ, Aŋgɩlɩtɛɛrɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖi-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ nɛ pɩnaɣ 2011 paakala-wɛ lɛ, patala ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa 53 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɔɖɔ kɩlɩna walanzɩ nɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa wɛ ɛzɩ 131 760 km2. Ɛzɩ ajɛyaa lɛɛna taa ɛyaa huyuu kewiyaɣ yɔɔ yɔ, Aŋgɩlɩtɛɛrɩ ñɩnɖɛ taa pɩvɛyɩ mbʊ. Peeyeba kewiyaɣ ŋga yaa komina taa ɛyaa lɩzɩʊ kɛ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1707. Weyi ɛcɔŋna peeɖe ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ yɔ, ɛnʊʊ payaɣ se David Cameron. Pɩwɛ mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɛ-cɔlɔ kpɛɛ nabɛyɩ wɛɛ nɛ pasɩŋna-ɩ tʊma labʊ nɛ paq-taa kɔyɔ Gordon Brown. Keteŋga kpeekpe yɔɔ lɛ, Aŋgɩlɩtɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ wɛ ajɛya wena a-taa tɔsʊʊ kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ, nɛ yee pakpaɣ ɛzɩma ɛyʊ kʊɖʊm hiku yaa ɛtɔkɩ efemiye taa kɔyɔ, pɩtalɩɣ ɛzɩ 22 907 livres sterling yɔ. Yee pakpaɣ Lɔndrɩ tɛtʊ yɔ, tɩ-taa tɔsʊʊ kɩla Erɔpʊ taa nɛ pɩnaɣ 2009 ɖɔɖɔ taa lɛ, tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩɩkɩlɩna wɛʊ ñɩm keteŋga kpeekpe yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ndʊ pɛsɛʊ yɔ pɩ-taa kɔyɔ: krɩstʊ mba ŋgbɛyɛ, malɩŋ ŋgbɛyɛ, Ɛnduyismi, Sikiyismi, Sudayismi, Pudiyismi nɛ aŋgba lɛɛna ndɩ ndɩ ɖɔdɔ.
Heelim kacʊlaɣ
Heelim kacʊlaɣ kɛna heelim mbʊ pɩpaɣzʊ mabʊ lɛ, pɩwɛʊ ,doli kʊɖʊm nɛ pɩwalʊʊ nɛ pɩwalʊʊ. Pasɩŋna-kɛ nɛ ke-heelim mabʊ taa. Pɩɩmakɩ, lɛ pɩpaɣzʊ ñɩɩɩ nɛ pɩwɛɛ kulu kulu nɛ pɩpaɣlʊ nɛ pɩpaɣlʊ. Pɩmakɩ yɔ, pɩwɛʊ kulu kulu mbʊ nɛ pɩcɔʊ. Pɩwɛ ɖoŋ kamaɣ fɛyɩ nɛ pɩpɩzʊ pɩkpɛzɩ tɩŋ pɩɖɛʊ taa. Pɩmabʊ taa, pɩwɛ ɛzɩ ñalɩŋ yaa pɩsaŋ kɛ pɛwɛɛ pɔccɔzʊʊ mɩlɩ mɩlɩ nɔsɩ pɩsʊ sɩsʊ hɛkʊ taa. Heelim kacʊlaɣ kanɛ, kɛwɛ sɔŋgaɣ hɔɔlʊʊ taa. Heelim mbʊ pɩkɩla wɛʊ kɛ sɔŋgaɣ kanahaŋ hɛkʊ taa. pɩopaɣzʊ hɛɛɛ nɛ pɩkpaɣ ɖoŋ nɛ pɩpɩzʊ pʊkɔɔ pɩpɩzɩ heelim sɔsɔm pɩŋŋŋ. Heelim mbʊ pɩkpakʊ hɩla ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna ɖenɖe pɩmakɩ yɔ yaa ɖoŋ weyi pɩmakɩna yɔ. Atilantiki nɛ hayʊ kiŋ nɛ Pasifiki wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ, payaɣ-pʊ se fiii fiii heelim yaa uragaŋ.
Azii nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, payaɣ-pʊ se tifɔŋ. Piyele lɩm fɛɛŋ lɛɛŋ taa lɛ, payaɣ heelim mbʊ se sikloni. Ɛyʊ ɛcɔna camɩyɛ kɔyɔ, mbʊ payaɣ se sikloni yɔ, pɩkɩkɛna heelim mbʊ pɩmakɩ kamaɣ fɛyɩ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɛkpɛdaɣ kanɩɣ lɛ. Heelim pʊnɛ pɩwɛ mɩndʊ taa kɛ ɛsɔtaa nɛ pɩmakɩ ɖioŋ fiii fiii. Heelim pʊnɛ pɩ-hɩɖɛ lɩna aŋgilisi mɛlɛ sayʊ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ cɔlɔ. Payaɣ-ɩ se Henry Piddington (1797-1858) nɛ pɩɩkɛna alɩwaatʊ ndʊ heelim sɔsɔm nabʊyʊ maba pɩnaɣ 1789 nɛ pɩkʊ ɛyaa pɩɖɛɛ ɛzɩ 20 000 yɔ. Pɩɩkɛna Korɛŋga tɛtʊ taa, Ɛndɩ pɔɔ nɔɔ kpɛɛɛ. Heelim Pɩnaɣ 2004, Krenadɩ tɛtʊ taa, heelim paza pɩma nɛ azɛyʊ sɔsɔʊ la nɛ pukuli ɖɩsɩ, pɩkpɛzɩ tɩŋ nɛ latiɖiki mɩŋ nimasi payɩ. Heelim mbʊ payaɣ se uragaŋ Ivan. Atɩlantiki nɛ hadɛ kiŋ heelim sɔsɔm nagʊyʊ ñɛwɛ peeɖe nɛ pɩpaɣzɩ fiidu kɔyɔ, pɩwɛ ɛzɩ miŋ tɩyɛ yɔ. Payaɣheelim sɔsɔm mbʊ se Katarina.
Tɩlɩtʊ pɩzɩtʊ
Tɩlɩtʊ pɩzɩtʊ, pɩkɛ lɛɣtʊ ñɩnɩtʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩñɩkɩɣ niiye lɩmaɣza yɔɔ nɛ pɔtɔŋ se ɖɩ nɛ tɔm heyuu palɩ ɖama, pɩkɛ tɔm ndʊ tɩkʊsa ɛyaa hʊzɩŋ kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1950 alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ pɩlɩna ɛyʊ wɛtʊ tɔm yɔɔ. Lɩmaɣza tɩlʊʊ kaakɛna hɛkʊ taa tɔm keem.
Mbʊ pɛkɛdɩna yɔ pɩwɛɛ se pɩwɛɛ ɛyaa ɛsɩnda nɛ panaɣ, panaɣ ɛzɩ pɛdɩɣ yɔ pʊmʊna mbʊ pɩwɛɛ kedeŋa taa yɔ. Kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1950 wɛɛ taa lɛ, tɩlɩtʊ yɔɔ ñɩnɩyaa laba tʊmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩ nɛ ɛyʊ wɛtʊ patamʊna ɖama mbʊ yɔ ɖɩɖɩ ñɔcɔŋaɣ wɛtʊ yaa laɣsɩ yeke cɔlɔ nɛ patalakɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ fitenum.
Yemenii
Yemenii kɛna Erɔpʊ ilemiye nɛ hadɛ taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ nɛ tɩwɛna Afrika nɛ hayʊ kiŋ. Ajɛya wena acɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ata yɔ anaa yɔ: wɩsɩ ɖɩdʊyɛ taa lɛ teŋgu ŋgʊ payaɣ se pɔɔ kɩsɛɛmaɣ yɔ ŋgʊ tɛyɩna ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ Eritree nɛ Cibuutii; hadɛ kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Omanii yɔ tɩwɛna nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Arabii Saudidii piyele hadɛ yeli lɛ Somalii ɛjaɖɛ wɛna.
Pamaza ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 527 968 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe takɩlɩ ɖɔʊ. Agoza fenaɣ 22 wiye pɩnaɣ 1990 kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ. Payaɣ Yemenii ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ weyi ɛwɛna Adenii hɔɔlʊ yɔ se Abdrabbo Mansour Hadi nɛ Utii hɔɔlʊ taa-tʊ fɛyɩ nɛ weyi ɛcɔŋna peeɖe yɔ ɛlɛ yɔ Mehdi Hussein al-Machat. Hɔɔlɩŋ ɩnɛ ɩ-tɛ komina yɔɔ cɔnɩyaa kɔyɔ kɔyɔ: Ahmed ben Dagher (Adeni-tʊ) nɛUtii-tʊyɔ Abdel Aziz ben Habtour.
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ araabii. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Sanaa nɛ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩna walanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Pɩnaɣ 2017 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 28 038 829 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yee pakalɩɣ ɛyaa km2 taa kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ 53 yɔ.
Yee ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛyaa nɔɔyʊ kɛ kaŋgalafu yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛma +967 ɛ-tɛ kaŋgalafu kpata yɔɔ pʊcɔ ŋɛ ɛɛma pɩtɛ ɛyʊʊ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ. Liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkɩ-ɖɩ peeɖe yɔ payaɣ-ɖɩ se riyal yeeniti.
Qin Shi Huang
Qin Shi Huang (Siini kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, 秦始皇,Pinyin kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, Qín Shǐhuáng, Wade kʊnʊŋ lɛ, Ch'in² Shih³-huang, EFEO taa lɛ, Tsin Chi-hoang, Kantɔnɛ Jyupting taa lɛ, Ceon⁴ Ci²-wong,Yale taa lɛ, Chèuhn Chí-wòhng) (pɩnaɣ 259 cɔlɔ ŋtalɩ salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 10 pɩnaɣ 210 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesu Krɩstʊ), ɛɛkɛ kajalaɣ taa lɛ Qin wiyaʊ sɔsɔ kpaɣnɛ pɩnaɣ 247 ŋtalɩ pɩnaɣ 221 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesu Krɩstʊ.
Ɛnʊ ɖɩzɩna ɛyaa tɛtʊ mʊyaa kewiyitu wɛɛ pɩlɩna ɛzɩma ɛwakaɣ kewiyisi nzɩ sɩlakaɣ yoŋ kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 230 nɛ ŋtalɩ 221 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesu Krɩstʊ nɛ ɛpɩsɩ Siini Ampiiri kpɛndɩyʊ, nɛ pɩtɩŋna pʊyɔɔ nɛ ɛpɩsɩ Qin kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ wiyaʊ sɔsɔ (pɩnzɩ 221 ŋtalɩ 207 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesu Krɩstʊ). Patasɩ-ɩ yaʊ se Shin no Shikōtei (kajalaɣ Qin Wiyaʊ) Sapɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa. E-cejewiye hɩɖɛ kaakɛ Ying (嬴)nɛ ɛ-hɩɖɛ cikpeɖe kɔyɔ Zhèng (政), palɩzɩ-ɖɩ mbʊ yɔ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ fenaɣ ŋga kataa palʊla-ɩ yɔ ɛnɛ ka-hɩɖɛ paakpaɣ ɖama, Siini pɩnaɣ taa kajalaɣ fenaɣ. Pataa ya wiyaʊ hɩɖɛ nɛ kaañamtʊ ɛ-tɛ wɛɛ taa lɛ, ɛɛkɛ alɩwaatʊ taa ɛyaa cɔlɔ Qin wiyaʊ.
Ɛnʊ weyi ɛkaɣ kɛʊ wiyaʊ sɔsɔ yɔ, palʊla-ɩ Handan, Zhao tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ, peeɖe palʊla e-ɖoo, paya-ɩ hɩɖɛ se Zhao Zheng, pɩnaɣ 259 cɔlɔ pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesu Krɩstʊ. Ɛkɛ wiyaʊ pɩɣa Yi Ren pɩyalʊ, ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛɛkɛ Qin Zhaoxiang wiyaʊ sɛyɩ. Pʊcɔ ɛkpakɩɣ Yi Ren halʊ lɛ, ɛɛkɛ taɣ yɔɔ halʊ caɣyʊ kɛ tadɩyɛ ñɩm tʊ nɔyʊ cɔlɔ Lü Buwei (呂不韋) weyi ɛdaŋaɣ wiyaʊ pɩɣa yɔɔ yɔ nɛ ɛ-hayɩ-ɩ.
Pɩnaɣ 267 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesu Krɩstʊ lɛ, wiyaʊ pɩɣa Anguo (安國) Yi Ren caa, paalɩza-ɩ se ɛkɛ peyebinam ñɩm tʊ Qin kewiyaɣ taa. Ɛyʊ ɛnɛyɔ ɛtaawɛna pɩɣa nɛ ɛ-halʊ kajalaɣ tʊ, ɛlɛ yɔ Huayang (華陽). Changping you pɩnaɣ kɩpɩsaɣ wayi palʊla-ɩ, ɖenɖe Qin naŋaɣ Zhao, Zheng nɛ e-cejewiye paawɛ haŋaɣ nakɛyɛ taa kpem.
Maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkɩyʊ
Maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkɩyʊ yaa maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ ɛkɛ ɛyʊ weyi ɛmʊ niiye maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ taa yɔ, pɩkɛ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩpaɣlɩ piŋ nɛ ɖɩtɛ ɖɩwalɩ yɔ. Ɛyʊ ɛnɛ yɔ ɛlakɩ tʊmɩyɛ ɛyʊ lɛɛlʊ fetenum yɔɔ pɩkɛ-ɩ lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ, nɛ ɛñɩnɩɣ ɛyʊ maɣzɩm tɔm hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa, ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ ɛtɩlɩ-ɩ ɛ-wɛtʊ nɛ ɛ-ɛyʊtʊ nɛ ɛ nɛ ɛyaa pɛ-wɛtʊ nɛ ɖama.
Ɛlakɩ tʊmɩyɛ cala yɔɔ nɛ wola yɔɔ pɩlɩna ɛ-tɛ sɔɔlɩm yɔɔ pɩcɛlɩna maɣzɩm lɩzɩtʊ ndɩ ndɩ yɔɔ ndʊ tɩwokina nɛ pʊ-tʊmɩyɛ yɔɔ kiŋ yɔ, hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ yɔɔ kɛ ɛyʊ fezuu caɣʊʊ yɔɔ (ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ, alaafɩya, kɔɔ labɩtʊ ɛyaa, tɔm hʊtʊ, tʊma, ahelesa nɛ ŋkpaɣ mbʊ nɖɛ). Pasɩma maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ pakandɩɣ ɖɩ-yɔɔ kpaɣ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1985.
Pɩlɩna lona wena a-taa palakɩ tʊmɩyɛ yɔ lɛ, maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkɩyaa pɩzɩɣ palakɩ lona ndɩ ndɩ taa kɛ tʊma, potukina ɛyaa tɩŋa kpaɣ piyaa, evebupiyaa, ɛyaa sɔsaa, akpadɩyaa, hɔŋ, nesi tɛɛ tʊma sɔsɔna tɩnaa, kʊñɔntɩnaa nɛ ŋkpaɣ mbʊ nɖɛ, potukuna ɛyaa kʊyʊm kʊyʊm yaa pekpeɣliɣ-wɛ com com.
Skandinavii
Skandinavii kɛna Erɔpʊ ilemiye nɛ hayʊ kiŋ taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ. Ajɛya naatozo kpɛndɩna nɛ payaɣ wadaɣ ŋga se Skandinavii nɛ ajɛya ana yɔ: Tanɩmarkɩ, Nɔrvɛɛzɩ nɛ Suyɛdɩ.
Piyiiduu nabɛyɛ nɛ payaɣ Erɔpʊ ilemiye nɛ hayʊ kiŋ ajɛya kpeekpe se Skandinavii ajɛya, ɛlɛ pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɛkpɛndɩɣna ajɛya ɛzɩ: Fɛɛlandɩ, Islandɩ nɛ Krawelandi kɛ mbʊ yɔ.
Kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi weyi pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yɔ ɩnʊ lɛ: Taanuwa, Nɔrvezɩyɛ nɛ sʊyɛduwa.
Tɩsɩprɔsɩyɔm
Tɩsɩprɔsɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 66 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Dy. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ lɩna krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa δυσπρόσιτος / dus-prósitos, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛwɛ kaɖɛ se pehiɣ-ɩ. Ɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ weyi ɛwɛ kɛtɛɖaɣ tɛtʊ naa taa yɔ, ɛwɛ kpʊzɩyɛɛ liidiye tɩyɛ. Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ lantanɩdɩ waa lalaa yɔ, ɛwɛ tɛyɩŋ, ɛwɛ manɩɩ nɛ ɛwɛ ɖɔfɩɩ nɛ papɩzɩɣ pɛsɛtɩ-ɩ nɛ sɩɣa. Helim taa ɛwɛ ɖiɣɖiɣ.
Pana tɩsɩprɔsɩyɔm pɩnaɣ 1886 pɩtɩŋna Paul Emile Lecoq Boisbaudran ñɩnʊ yɔɔ. Lecoq Boisbaudran ñɩnʊ laba ɛ-yɔɔ tʊmɩyɛ kajalaɣ ɖenɖe pɩtɩŋna hɔlɩmɩyɔm yɔɔ nɛ ɛha-ɩ hɩɖɛ se tɩsɩprɔsɩyɔm pɩlɩna krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔɔ mbʊ se dysprositos pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se pʊwɛ kaɖɛ se pehiɣ-ɩ. Pɩkɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-tɛ tʊma labɩnaʊ kaaɖɔ piŋ yɔ. Ɛ-tɛ lɩm pʊtʊnaa mba pɔyɔɔlaɣa yɔ pataa kɩlɩ wɛnaʊ sɔtɔ piŋ, piyele mba pɔtɔ yɔɔlʊʊ yɔ pakpaɣ papa ɛzɩ sɔtʊ ñɩma yɔ. Kɔɔ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tɛ, sɔtʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tɛ kɛ tɩsɩprɔsɩyɔm tɛ kɩlɔrɩ pʊtʊnaa yɔɔ mbʊ yɔ palaba tʊmɩyɛ pɔ-yɔɔ ɖooo pɩnzɩ 1960, kɛlɛ pana se pɛ-tɛ sɔtʊ nɛ laɣsɩ nzɩ pɛwɛna wɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ lalaa mba pɛ nɛ-wɛ pɛkpɛnda pɛwɛɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ pɩlʊʊ kʊyʊmʊʊtaa yɔ. Kɛlɛ hɔlɩmɩyɔm nɛ ɛrbɩyɔm tɛ kɩlɔrɩ wonduu naa pasɩɣ holaa ɖoŋ nɛ pɩkɔŋna sɩm mbʊ pʊyɔɔ pɩcamʊʊ ñamɩyɛ calɩm hosi nɛ feziŋ ɛɛlakɩ camɩyɛ. Yee pʊtʊkɩna ɛsɩyɛ yɔ (patakaa nɛ pana lɛ) pɩkɔŋna ɛsɛcɩtʊ nɛ pɩkpɛndɩna kɩcɩkpɩŋ. Tomnaɣ keeke yɔɔ lɛ, pɩfɛyɩna cɛyɩtʊ natʊyʊ kɛlɛ tomnaɣ ŋga kɔ-yɔɔ kpɛza yɔ payaɣ cɛjɛsɩ pɩwɛ heɣe heɣe nɛ halɩ hɔndʊ tɔʊʊ.
Kɩmaɣzɩnaʊ
Maɣzɩm kiɖe yaa kɩmaɣzɩnaʊ, pɩkɛ tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩlɩna maɣzɩm taa takʊʊ tʊma ndɩ ndɩ cɔlɔ yɔ, Carl Gustav Jung ɛkɛ Suwisi tʊ nɛ ɛkɛ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkɩyʊ kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1875 ŋtalɩ 1961) lubina tɔmʊʊ ngʊ.
Maɣzɩm kiɖe tɔm taa wɛ pɔpɔtʊ, tɩwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɖoza tɩyɛ, ndʊ tɩna sɔnzɩ paɣtʊ nɛ ɛyʊ maɣzɩm tɔm nɛ puwokina nɛ ɛyʊ nɛ ɛ-paɣlaka yɔɔ kɛlɛ pɩpɩsɩ-ɩ ɛ-ɛyʊtʊ mbʊ Jung tɔŋ ɛ-tɛ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkɩtʊ tʊmɩyɛ labʊ taa.
Krɛkɩ kɩbɩnʊʊ taa lɛ αρχέτυπον arkhêtupon pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se kiɖe tɛɛ laɣsɩ, kɛlɛ pʊsʊʊ yɔɔdasɩ kɩfasɩ taa pɩtɩŋna latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ yɔɔ archetypum yaa pʊ-tɔbʊʊ keekee tʊ mbʊ pɩkɛ pɩyʊ keem yɔ.
Murray Stein yɔɔdʊʊ maɣzɩm taa wiluu tʊmɩyɛ tɔm kpou takayaɣ (pɩnaɣ 2005 ñɩŋa taa) nɛ ɛtɔŋ se kuɖum taa Jung lɩmaɣzɩyɛ pɩlɩna kɩmaɣzɩnaʊ tɔm yɔɔ se kajalaɣ wonuu tʊmɩyɛ paɣtʊ kɛna se kɩñɔɔzɩ nɛ kɩcɔlɩ maɣzɩm nɛ pɩkpɛndɩna laɣsɩ ndɩ ndɩ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ ɛ-paɣlaka alɩwaatʊ.
Pudapɛsɩtɩ
Pudapɛsɩtɩ kɛna Hɔŋgiri ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ Tanubi pɔɔ cɔlɔ kpam nɛ pɩnaɣ 2011 ta pakalɩ ɛyaa kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛ, pɩkpɛnda 1 733 685. Pudapɛsɩtɩ walanzɩ taa maɣna ɛkɩtaaɖɩnaa ɛzɩ 52 516 yɔ. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩna walanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ Hɔŋgiri ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ peeɖe komina tʊma sɔsɔna nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna taa lone taa caɣyaa ɖʊzʊyɛ wɛɛ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩpɩsa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ pɩnaɣ 1873 taa alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɛtʊ natudozo kpɛndɩ kpɛm yɔ. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkpɛnda nɛ pɩlakɩ Pudapɛsɩ yɔ anaa yɔ: Puda, Pɛsɩtɩ nɛ Obuda. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩwɛ ɖeu kamaɣ fɛyɩ nɛ Eerɔpɩ taa lɛ tɩwɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩ ɖeʊ yɔ tɩ-taa. Eerɔpɩ hɛkʊ taa lɛ, tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩtaa kɛ ɛyaa kɩlɩ ɖɔʊ yee pɛtɛkpɛndɩna tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Pɛɛrɩlɛɛ kɔyɔ.
Ɛzɩ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ lɛɛtʋ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, Tuwala tɛtʋ nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʋ ɖʋ taabalɩyɛ nɛ palakɩ tʋm kʋɖʋma se tɔsʋʋ nɛ ɛsɩnda wobu ɛɖɛɛna poliŋ. Tɛtʋ ndʋ yɔ: Isitanbuli (Tuurkii) ɖooo pɩnaɣ1985, Izmir (Tuurki) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1985 Tel Aviv (Isrɛɛlɩ) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1989, Fort Worth (Etaazuunii) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1990, Francfort-sur-le-Main (Caama) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1990, Fiyɛɛnɩ (Ɔtirisi) ɖoo 1990, Bucarest (Rumaanii) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1991, Pɛrɩlɛɛ (Caama) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1992, Lisbooni (Pɔrititgaali) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1992, New York (Etaazuunii) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1992, Alger (Algérie) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1993, Lviv (Ukurɛnɩ) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1993, Daejeon (Kooree Hadɛ Kiŋ) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1994, Zagreb (Krowasii) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1994, Sarajevo (Bosnie-Herzégovine) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1995, Košice (Siloovaakii) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1997, Beijing (Siini) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2005, Farsoovii (Pɔlɔñɩ) ɖooo,2005, Paŋkɔkɩ (Tayilandi) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2007, Florence (Itaalii) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2008, Jakarita (Ɛndonezi) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2009, Gaziantep (Tuurkii) ɖooo 2010, Tuguldur (Mongolii) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2012, Sofia (Bulgarie).
Kpeŋgbene
Ñʊŋ ɩnʊ ɩ-taʊ yaa ihuyu takɩlɩ kaɖɛ. Ɛyʊ ɛcaɣ-ɩ taʊ lɛ, ɛta-ɩ ɛzɩ waacɩ ɛcɔʊ ɖɔŋgʊ yɔ. Kpeŋgbene tɔm kaawɛ ɖooo caanaʊ taa nɛ tɛtɛ kpɩna mɔɔ pasakaɣ. Pɩwɛ kaɖɛ se pɛkɛdɩ camɩyɛ kpeŋgbene ɖɩlɩyɛ yaa alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kɩlɩwa nɛ mɔɔ wena palakaɣna yɔ. Takayɩsɩ mayaa maa se kpeŋgbene kaawɛɛ pʊcɔ nɛ ɖeɖe tɔm kpɛlɛkʊʊ talɩʊ. Ñɩnɩya na kpeŋgbena nɩɩyɛ kɛ Ɛndusi ɛjɛŋ nɩɩyɛ taa nɛ pɩtalʊʊ pɩnzɩ ɛzɩ 4 300 yɔ nɛ ɩlɩna Azii tɛtʊ taa. Pɩtɛ alɩwaatʊ kɛ mbʊ yɔ, hɔɔlɩŋ weyi ɩha ɖama nɛ siwa yɔ, pɛkpɛnda-ɛ, pɩtɛkɛ itɩŋga ɩtalɩɣna lʊbɛ. Ɖooo lɛ, kpeŋgbena taakɛna aleeya wonuu ɖeke ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛna mbʊ pɔpɔzaɣna pee yɔ yaa patɩyaɣna yɔ. Pʊyɔɔ kɛ ɛyʊ sɩkɩ lɛ, pepiŋna-i nɛ kpeŋgbena naayɛ. Roma tɛtʊ taa kɛ kpeŋgbena aleɣya paza tɔyʊ Horace alɩwaatʊ taa.
Hɔɔ mʊʊ kaɖɩnaʊ
Hɔɔ mʊʊ kaɖɩnaʊ kɛna leɛtʊ ndʊ pakpakʊna nɛ pakaɖɩna se paa halʊ nɛ abalʊ pacaɣa yaa pasʊwa kɔyɔ, hɔɔ ɛtaakɔ yɔ. Keteŋa kpeekpe ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩcɔŋna tɔnʊʊ taa alafɩya yɔɔ nɛ payaɣ-ɖɩ se OMS yɔ, ɖɩyɔɔdʊ se hɔɔ mʊʊ kaɖʊʊ kɛna wonu ŋgʊ pakpakʊ se palabɩna, ɖaɣnʊʊ, ɖɔnɛ naɖɩyɛ yaa wɛtʊ ndʊ ɛyʊ ɛwɛɛ tɩ-taa nɛ hɔsɩ ɩtaakɩlɩ halaa kpaʊ yaa hɔsɩ nzɩ sɩtaatɩɩ kpaʊ nɔɔyʊ yɔ. Lakasɩ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ se pala nɛ hɔɔ mʊʊ kaɖɩnaʊ taa nɛ sɩwɛ ndɩ ndɩ kɛ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa yaa nasɩyɛ wɛɛ lɛ sɩkɛ kʊɖʊma paale. Lakasɩ nzɩ sɩfɛyɩna ɖoŋ kʊɖʊmɩŋ ɖɔɖɔ.
Lakasɩ nzɩ sɩ-taa kɔyɔ kɔzʊʊ huyuu. Wonu kʊnɛ pɩtɛkɛ hɔsɩ mʊʊ ɖeke pɩkaɖɩɣna ɛlɛ kʊdɔmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ weyi ɩwɛɛ pɩlɩɩna kʊzʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa yɔ.Tɔm tɛɛ lɛ, hɔɔ mʊʊ kaɖɩnaʊ sɩŋna se pataakɩlʊ lʊlʊʊ piya tɩnɩʊ ŋma yɔɔ tɩnɩʊ ŋma yɔɔ hɔŋ taa yaa samaɣ kpeekpe ɛsɩnda. Mba hɔɔ mʊʊ kaɖɩnaʊ kɩla taanaʊ yɔ mba lɛ halaa. Pɛwɛna lakasɩ ndɩ ndɩ nzi s ɩɖaŋgʊ pɔyɔɔ se pataamʊ hɔ sɩ yɔ sakɩyɛ. Kacalaɣ taa lɛ, halaa kʊzʊʊ huyiŋ, kɔɔ pee wɛɛ papɩzʊ peli yaa papɩzʊ paɖʊ-wɛ kaalʊlʊtʊ kokooye.
Abala tɛ hɔɔ ɖʊʊ kaɖɩnaʊ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛlɛ pɩtakɩlɩ tɔyʊʊ nɛ ɛyaa takɩlɩ-wɛ sɩm ɖɔɖɔ. Pɩtaa kɛlɛ abala kʊzʊʊ huyiŋ yaa mbʊ pukʊ sɛzʊʊ tomnasi seɣtuu yɔ. Pɩtɛkɛ ɖeɖe yaa sɔnɔ kɛ papaɣza hɔɔ mʊʊ kaɖɩnaʊ tʊmɩyɛ labʊ. Papaɣzɩ-ɖɩ ɖooo caanaʊ taa. Hɔɔ mʊʊ kaɖɩnaʊ mbʊ pɩkɛna lɔŋ nɛ lɛɣtʊ ndʊ pawɩlʊ halaa nɛ abala se pɔɖɔ tɩ-yɔɔ nɛ pataamʊ hɔsɩ yem yem yaa pataaɖʊʊ hɔsɩ kɛ yem yɔ. Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa paɣtʊ ndʊ palɩzaa se palʊbɩna hɔsɩ mʊʊ yɔ, pɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ halaa waɖɛ kandayʊ taa ɖɔɖɔ. Katolika ŋgbɛyɛ tetisi tɔm tʊnɛ kɛ camɩyɛ. Pʊyɔɔ kɛ Papa Pie XII yɔɔda pɩnaɣ 1951 se pɩlɩ ɖeu se ɛyʊ ɛkaɖɩ ɛ-tɩ yɔɔ nɛ ɛtaatɔlɩ acɛya taa kɛ se ɛkpaɣ kɔɔ pee se hɔɔ ɛtaakpa-ɩ. Saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 19 pɩnaɣ 1967, paɣtʊ lɩzʊya kaalɩza paɣtʊ natʊyʊ nɛ payaa-tʊ se Neuwirth nɛ paɣtʊ ndʊ tɩhawaɦ waɖɛ kɛ kɛ hala se pala mbʊ papɩzʊ se pala nɛ palʊbɩna hɔɔ mʊʊ yɔ. Lakasɩ nzɩ sɩ-taa kɔyɔ kɔɔpee kiliba.
1918
Pɩnaɣ 1918 kɛ pɩnaɣ 1918 ñɩŋga kɛ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ yɔ. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ taa lɛ, pɩnaɣ 1918 kɛŋna hiu nɛ luutozo ñɩŋga. Kɛwɛ pɩnzɩ 1917 nɛ 1919 hɛkʋ taa. =1919 taa lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ = Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ sɩnɛ yɔ sɩlaba :
Giuseppe Verdi
Palʊla Giuseppe Verdi kɛ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ hiu ŋgʊ pɩnaɣ 1813 kɛ Rɔnkɔlɩ tɛtʊ taa, Fransɩ kewiyaɣ alɩwaatʊ taa. Ɛsɩba kɔlaɣ fenaɣ 27 wiye pɩnaɣ 1901, Miilaŋ tɛtʊ taa kɛ Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛ-lʊlʊʊ takayaɣ yɔɔ lɛ, payaɣ-ɩ se Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi. Payaɣ ɛ-caa se Joseph Fortunin François Verdi Charles nɛ ɛkɛ agɔma ɖɩsɩ taa tʊmɩyɛ laɖʊ nɛ e-ɖoo kɔyɔ Louise Uttini, ɛlɛ kɛ pɩzatʊ tɔyʊ.
Ɛkɛ wendu luɖu nɛ cɩmɩŋ maɖʊ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛwɛ Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ cɩmɩŋ yɔɔ maɣzɩm lɩzʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ taa. Cɩmɩŋ maɖʋ sɔsɔ ɛnɛ, ɛ-hɩɖɛ sɛ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ kpaɣ ɖooo pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ XIX taa. Ɛ-kpaɖaʊ taa ɛnɛ cɩmɩŋ maɖaa nɛ wendu teya mba pɛkpɛnda nɛ pala tʊma yɔ,  nabɛyɛ hɩla yɔ : Bellini, Donizetti,  Puccini nɛ Rossini
Pɩnzɩ nzɩ sɩ-taa ɛkɩla ɛ-tʊma labʊ yɔ, nzɩ lɛ kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1835 nɛ 1901 sɩ-taa. Ɛ-wɩlɩyaa kɔyɔ: Ferdinando Provesi, Vincenzo nɛ Lavigna. Ɛ-halaa kɔyɔ: Margherita Barezzi nɛ Giuseppina Strepponi.
Tibɛtii
Tibɛtii kɛna Aazii taa egeetiye naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩ-taa pʊŋ kɩlɩna wɛʊ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ pʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Iimalaya yɔ kɩ-tɛ hayʊ kiŋ. Tɩ-ɛyaa maɣmaɣ wayɩ lɛ, mba payaɣ-wɛ se Monba yɔ pɛwɛ peeɖe pɩna Kiyaŋ nɛ Lobasɩ mba pɛwɛ ɖɔɖɔ peeɖe. Ɛyaa mba payaɣ-wɛ se Hansɩ nɛ Huwisi yɔ pɛwɛ peeɖe tɛtʊ taa siŋŋŋ.
Keteŋa kpeekpe taa Tibɛtii kɛŋna pʊʊ tɛndɛyɛm ŋgʊ kɩkɩla kʊyʊʊ yɔ nɛ kʊyɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛyaa kɩla wɛʊ. Kʊ-kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ taa maɣna mɛtanaa 4 900. Tibbɛtii kɛna egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa nɛ ageeta cikpena naatozo yɔ. Ageeta anaa yɔ: Ucaŋ, Amdo nɛ Kam. Tibɛtii walanzɩ taa wɛ ndɩ ndɩ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ yee pakpaɣ egeetiye nɖɩ payawaɣ-ɖɩ se Tibɛtɩi kɩpɩnɩʊ yaa Tibɛtii sɔsɔʊ kɔyɔ, pɩmaɣna ɛzɩ 2 500 000 km2 yɔ ɛlɛ yee pɩkɛ Tibɛtii kʊnɛ kɔyɔ, kʊkʊ walanzɩ taa ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 1 221 600 km2 yɔ.
Tibɛtii egeetiye taa ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ndʊ pɛsɛʊ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Pudiyizimɩ nɛ Bön. Peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ malɩŋ nɛ kristʊ mba pɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ.
Ɖama lɩɣʊ
Ɖama lɩɣʊ wɛnaʊ pɩkɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kʊyʊmɖɩyɛ nɖɩ René Girard laba ɛ-maɣmaɣ nɛ ɖɩlakɩ tʊmɩyɛ kʊyʊmɖɩyɛ yɔ, tɩzɩnaʊ (yee pɩkɛ tʊmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa), se pɩsa nɛ ɛlɩzɩ tɔbʊʊ sakɩyɛ ɛzɩma ɛyʊ wɛɛ yɔ. Ɛlaba ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa, maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ ɖeɖe, ɛyʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ, samaɣ kpɛlɛkʊʊ (kɔzɩ kɔzɩ ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ hɔɔlɩŋ taa), ɛsakuliye hɔɔlʊʊ taa nɛ ŋgbaɣ nɖɛ mbʊ. Palɩzɩ sukuli nakʊyʊ koŋ nɛ kɩlakɩ tʊmɩyɛ pɩcɛlɩna ɛzɩma patɩlɩ ɛyʊ wɛtʊ ndɩ yɔ politiki, tɔsʊʊ huu nɔmɔʊ taa nɛ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ sakɩyɛ taa.
Ɖama lɩɣʊ pɩkɛ lʊlʊʊ pɩyʊ, Aristote kaatɛma pʊ-tɔm yɔɔdʊʊ. Ɛyʊ wɛ ndɩ nɛ kpɩna lɛɛna mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛwɛ lɔŋ nɛ ɛkpɛlɛkʊʊ lɔŋ lɔŋ. Freud cɔlɔ lɛ, ɛyʊ kuɖum tɛ lɛ liu wɛʊ kɛna mbʊ keekee pɩwɛ ɖooo paama-ɩ yɔ taa.
Ndɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ naa sakɩyɛ lɩɣ pɩcɛlɩna ɖama lɩɣʊ tɛ tɔm nɛ liu wɛʊ tɛ tɔm alɩwaatʊ ndʊ yiɣduu natʊyʊ lɩɣ pɩlɩna hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ taa ɛzɩ mbʊ ɖɩnaɣ yɔ, mbʊ ɛyʊ kɛwa yɔ, mbʊ ɛyʊ lɩmaɣza pɔyɩ-ɩ yɔ ndʊ Anthony Wilden na tɔm ndɩ ndɩ taa yɔ.
Ɛpaza ɛñɩɣ niiye ɛ-takayaɣ kanɛ ka-taa, René Girard tɔm mɔntɔŋ mbʊ yɔ, takayaɣ ŋga yɔ Un allumé qui se prend pour un phare (Kimé 2010), Fransɩɩ sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa René Pommier yɔɔdʊʊ lɩɣʊ wɛʊ tɔm ɛzɩ pɩkɛ mbʊ pʊcɔɖʊʊ ɛyʊ yɔ kɛlɛ pɩfɛyɩ kpayɩ kpayɩ nɛ ekizuu René Girard lɩmaɣzɩyɛ ndɩ ɖɩɖɩ yɔɔ Don Juan yaa Don Quichotte paañɩwa yɔ.
Ɖeeɣa
Petiŋ tɩʊ nɛ pɛsɛtɩ ki-pilinzi lɛ, pɩsakɩɣ ɖeeɣa, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se tɩʊ tiku. Tɩʊ tiku ŋgʊ pasakɩ nɛ pɩla kpoŋgbolonaa. Kpoŋgbolonaa mbaa palakɩna tʊma sakɩyɛ. Tɩŋ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Pʊ-yɔɔ e-tikiŋ pɔɔya wɛ ndɩ ndɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɖajaa Pierre Gole ñɩnɩna kpaɖʊʊ 17 taa nɛ ɛtɩlɩ tɩŋ tikiŋ wɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ.
Petiŋ tɩʊ nɛ pɛsɛtɩ ki-tiku lɛ, pɛhɛɛ kpoŋgbolonaa. Kpoŋgbolonaa kɩlɩna wazaɣ tɩʊ pilinzi taa. Cɩyɩm tɩʊ ñɔʊ nɛ kɩcakɩ wezuu, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se cɩyɩm kɩñɔʊ nɛ kɩwɛʊ lɛŋ nɛ kɩlɩɣ hatʊ. Ɖeeɣa taa cɩyɩm tɩŋɩɣna nɛ pʊcɔʊ tɩʊ tɩŋa. Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ calɩm tɩŋɩɣna ɛyʊ hola taa nɛ pʊcɔʊ e-tomnaɣ tɩŋa taa yɔ, mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ cɩyɩm tɩŋɩɣna ɖeeɣa taa nɛ pʊcɔʊ tɩʊ tɩŋa taa nɛ kɩhɔʊ hɛtʊ.
Kpoŋgbolonaa ɖoŋ ñɩma wɛɛ, paba payaɣ se kpoŋgbolonaa kɩsɛmaa. Kpoŋgbolonaa mba patakɩlɩ ɖoŋ yɔ, paba ñɛwɛɛ, paba lɛ kpoŋgbolonaa kʊhʊlʊmaa. Nabɛyɛ ñɛwɛɛ, paba kɩlɩna ɖoŋ kpem. Tɩʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se ekalitusi yɔ, ŋgʊ pɛhɛɣ nɛ palɩzɩɣ kpoŋkpolonaa mba. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se tɩŋ fɛyɩ ɖoŋ kɩmaŋ, ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, pɩtɛkɛ tɩŋ tɩŋa pɛhɛɣ kpoŋgbolonaa. Tɩŋ weyi pɛhɛɣ-ɩ kpoŋgbolonaa yɔ, ɛ-taa nɩɩyɛ kɔyɔ : sɩnjaʊ, tamtʊʊna, ekalitusi...
Wondu sɔsɔtʊ ndɩ ndɩ lubu nʊmɔʊ taa lɛ, kpoŋgbolonaa kɩlɩna wazaɣ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Pañɩnɩɣ kpoŋgbolonaa tʊma sakɩyɛ taa.
Farafina
Farafina kɛŋna Purkinaa Fasoo ɛjaɖɛ taa hendu teyaa kɩgaʊ ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩñɔ peeɖe kɛ pɩnaɣ 1978. Farafina weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Mahama Konaté yɔ, ɛmakɩ ɖoŋaɣ kamaɣ fɛyɩ. Ɛ-wayɩ lɛ Souleymane Sanou wɛŋna nɛ ɛcɔŋna pɛ-ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-yɔɔ. Souleymane Sanou ɛnɛ, ɛñaɣ pana nɛ ɛcɔɔ ajɛya sakɩyɛ nɛ ɛla maamaacinaa nɛ pɩkɛdɩna ɛyaa.
Hendu teyaa ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ ɖɩɖɩ se Rolling Stones yɔ, ɖɩɩya-yɛ nɛ patɩŋga pɛkpɛndɩ nɛ palɩzɩ hendu teu kɩlɛmɩŋ kanahaʊ nakʊyʊ nɛ payaɣ-kʊ se Continental Drift, pʊtɔbʊʊ se: ɛjaɖɛ tɛma. Pʊwayɩ lɛ, Jon Hassell tasɩɩ yaʊ nɛ ɛna-ɩ palɩzɩ kɩlɛmɩŋ kanahaʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ  se Flash of the Spirit kɛ pɩnaɣ 1987.
Pɩnaɣ 1988 taa kɛ Farafina cala labʊ amʊʊzɛ kɛ Wɛmbley tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛɖʊ Nelson Mandela hɩɖɛ. Ɖooo ɛzɩ palɩzɩɣ Farafina kɩgaʊ ŋgbɛyɛ ɖɩnɛ kɛ pɩnzɩ 1980 waa taa yɔ, mba pawɛ pɩtaa yɔ  pa-taa kɔyɔ: Souleymane Sanou, Chekere, Soungalo Coulibaly. Sɔnɔ mbʊ yɔ, pɩnaɣ 2012 taa 2012 taa ɛyaa mba pɔsɔza pɔ-yɔɔ yɔ paba yɔ: Fatoumata Dembele, Moussa Sanou, Seydou Dembele, Salif Ouattara, Lamoussa Sanou, Boakary Dembele.
Kɩyʋsʋnaʋ
Kʋnʋŋ maʋ paɣtʋ taa lɛ, kʋyʋsɩnaʋ kɛ tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩsɔzʋʋ hɩɖɛ yɔɔ nɛ ɖɩsamna-ɖɩ yɔ. Kʋyʋsɩnaʋ yekina nɛ hɩɖɛ wɛɛna tɔbʋʋ nɩʋ tɔm loyaɣ taa.
Kʋyɩsɩnaʋ wɛ ɛzɩ tɔmbiye cɔlɩyɛ nɛ yʋsʋʋ tɔmbiye tɔm loyaɣ taa yɔ. Payaɣ kɩyʋsʋnaʋ ɖɔɖɔ se yʋsaɣ pʋyʋ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛtʋŋ tʋmɩyɛ lɛɛɖɛ tɔm loyaɣ taa yɔ.
Kɩyʋsɩnɩyaa mba payʋsʋʋ yɔ, pa nɛ paɣtʋ loyisi pɛkpɛndɩɣ nɛ ɛyʋ pɩzɩ eɖizina yʋsɩyaa pɩlɩʋ. Kɩyʋsɩnɩyaa panɛ pɛwɛ ndɩ nɛ kɩyʋsɩnɩyaa lalaa.
Tɔmɩŋ kikpiyiŋ kʋnʋmɩŋ nɩɩyɛ taa lɛ, kɩyʋsʋnaʋ kpiliɣ. Yee kʋnʋmɩŋ ɛnɩ, ɛfɛyɩnɩ kazuyɛɛlɩ lakasɩ yɔ, pɔyɔɔdʋʋ se kɩyʋsɩnaʋ wɛtʋ lɩɣna hɩɖɛ nɖɩ kɩyʋsʋʋ yɔ kʋ-cɔlɔ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, kɩyʋsʋnaʋ ɖaɣnɩɣ wɛnaʋ tɔm maʋ paɣtʋ cáńzɩ ɛzɩ wɛtʋ yaa ñʋʋ.
Krishna
Krishna (Krichna, Krsna, कृष्ण, cɩkpɛndʊʊ, yulee-pidimm sanskrit kʊnʊŋ taa) kɛ Ɛsɔ siŋ Ɛndɩ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ nɔmɔʊ taa. Ɛndɩ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ tɩnaa tɛ lɛ, ɛkɛ lutozo tʊ weyi ɛwɛ Vishnou taa yɔ. Gaudiya Vaishnavsme tɩnaa tɛ lɛ ɛkɛ kɩlɩm kɛ lalaa kpeekpe taa. Sɔnzɩ sakɩyɛ taa Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ ɛmʊna samtʊ sakɩyɛ nɛ poluŋkuu ɛ-tɛɛ.
Ɛ-ɖalʊ na-ɩ nɛ ɛcaɣ ɛ cɔlɔ lɛ, ɛlakɩ nɛ ɛsɩɣna ɛnɛ ɛnʊ, pala sakɩyɛ hama laɣsɩ nzɩ sɩɖaŋɩɣ feziŋ kɩtɛkɛdɩŋ weyi ɛhaɣa nɛ ɛsɛ ɛnɛ ɛnʊ yɔ nɛ Balarama pɩlɩna Kamsa yɔ. Kɛlɛ Krishna la lɩmaɣ za mbʊ se ɛɖɩzɩɣ yɛɖɛ yɛɖɛ tɔm naa mba, Krishna Balarama, pɩkɛna-wɛ tʊmɩyɛ se pakandɩ pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ nɛ yoŋ ndɩ ndɩ. Krishna kʊyɩ Yamuna pɔɔ nɔɔ yɔɔ nɛ ɛɖɛɛ ɛcaɣ ɛ nɛ ɛ-samaɣ Dvaraka kɛ Gujarat tɛtʊ taa. Peeɖe ɛkata nɛ ɛkpaɣ halʊ Rukmini. Pʊwayɩ kɛlɛ ɛñɔtɩna Arjuna nɛ Pandava nɛ ɛ nɛ-wɛ pɛkpɛndʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ labʊ Kurukshetra yoŋ ɖeɖe, yoŋ weyi ɛɛlɩ Mahâbhârata (Mahâbhârata Gita taa yɔ) peeɖe ɛkpɛlɛka-wɛ Krishna, kɛlɛ ɛ-kɔɔ Subhadra walɩ Arjuna. Ɛsɔ naa heyi-ɩ kɩyakʊ nakʊyʊ wiye se etekizi Dvârakâ ɛ nɛ ɛ-samaɣ kɔyɔ pe-liɖe nɖɩ ɖɩɖɩŋ yaa ɖɩmʊkɩ. Ŋgʊ pasɩŋʊʊ hapɩyɛ yɔɔ pɔɔ nɔɔ yɔɔ nɛ ɛyaa niidiɣ pa-tɩ nɛ you paɣzɩ. Krishna nɛ ɛ-ɖalʊ pɛcɛyɩ pa-tɩ pɛhɛzɩɣ you aayɩ pawɩɩ. Pese pɔsʊʊ laʊ nɛ patɩmɩɣ se hayɩ ɛsɔ yɔ pɩhɛɛ, peeɖe ɛgbam nɔɔyʊ ñamapa-ɩ ɛ-kɩkpɛzɩŋ ɛlɛ payaɣ Jâras pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛyʊ kɩbɩnʊ, ɛlɛ kpaɣ-ɩ ɛzɩ kpɩnɛ yɔ. Ɛ-natalʊʊ taa ehiɣa ɛsɔ, kiyeke ɖɔɖɔ ɛpɩzaɣ ehiɣ, ɛsɩbɩna-kʊ nɛ patana e-tomnaɣ kɛlɛ patapɩzɩɣ pepimi-ɩ.
Kinaŋ acɛyɛ
Kinaŋ acɛɣɛ, Caama kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, Ödipuskomplex, pɩkɛ tɔm keem natʊyʊ maɣzɩm taa wiluu tʊmɩyɛ ɖeɖe. Sigmund Freud lɩzɩna-tʊ kɛ ɛ-kajalaɣ hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ tɛ tʊmɩyɛ labɩtʊ kɔɔ ɖeɖe, pɩkɛ maɣzɩm fɛyɩ tɛ kʊzʊʊ tɔm mbʊ se ɛyʊ nɛ ɛ-caa yaa e-ɖoo pasʊʊ yɔ (kinaŋ acɛɣɛ nɛ pɩlakɩ pʊ-tʊ ɛzɩ ɛɛkʊ ɛ-caa weyi ɛyaɣ-ɩ se ɛpaɖaa yɔ. Roger Perron cɔlɔ lɛ, siduu siduu tɛ kinaŋ kʊzʊʊ yɔ pɩkɛ kpeekpe cɩkpɛndʊʊ tɛɛ laɣsɩ nɛ ɛyaa ɖɩcɔna kɔyɔ pɛkɛ caa yaa ɖoo, kɛlɛ pʊhɔŋ. Kɛlɛ Freud cɔlɔ lɛ, yee abalɩpɩɣa ñʊʊ taa ɛfɛyɩ nɛ ɛsɔɔlɩ se ɛsʊʊna e-ɖoo nɛ ɛsɔɔlʊʊ kʊʊ ɛ-caa kɔyɔ ɛkɛ kiŋaŋ tɛ acɛɣɛ ɛyʊ.
Siduu siduu kʊzʊʊ tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩkɔna ndɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ sakɩyɛ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa kɔzɩ kɔzɩ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ ɖeɖe ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ tʊma pilinzi hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ taa. Kɛlɛ tɔmpee naalɛ yɔɔ keekee kɛ pañɩɣ nesi, kajalaɣ lɛ palaba ndɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ pɩlɩna mbʊ peyeba nɛ tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwalɩ yɔ ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe taa nɛ naalɛ nɖɩ lɛ, ɛzɩ peyeba nɛ pekiziɣ-ɖɩ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ.
Roger Perron cɔlɔ lɛ paya mbʊ se siduu siduu kʊzʊʊ yɔ tɔm ndʊ tɩɩwɛ ɖooo lɔŋ. Lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩɩtɛma wɛʊʊ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ palakaɣ tʊmɩyɛ ñʊʊ taa cɔʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ pɩnaɣ 1895 yɔ peeɖe Freud ñɩnaa nɛ ɛna ñʊʊ taa cɔʊʊ kʊdɔŋ ɖɩlɩyɛ, peeɖe ɛñɩɣ niiye ɛzɩma piseɣtiɣ pɩɣa kʊzʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ pɩtɩŋna ɛzɩma ka-caa wɛɛ yɔ.
Siduu siduu tɔm ndʊ tɩwɛʊ mbʊ yɔ tɩwɛ pɩɣa cɔlɔ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ kaɖɩna palʊʊ yɔ, mbʊ tɩna maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ ɖoŋ. Mbʊ Freud cɔnɩna nɛ ɛsɛ nɛ ɛna nɛ pɩtɩŋna takʊʊ nɛ wiluu tʊmɩyɛ yɔɔ pɩcɛlɩna ɛyʊ sɔsɔ nɛ ɛtɔŋ se kajalaɣ lɛ pɩɣa kisiɣna kɔ-yɔɔ cɔnɩyaa yɔɔ nɛ ŋcɔna kɔyɔ pɛ-tɛ ɖama nɩnaʊ taa lɛ, kʊzʊʊ tɔm eekiziɣ wɛʊ kɛlɛ piwokina-ɩ nɛ ɛ-ñɩma yɔɔ kiŋ.
Wɩsɩ kɔyɛ
Wɩsɩ kɔyɛ kɛ ñɩɣyʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩlɩna Aazii tɛtʋ wandamm taa yɔ ki-liɖe kɛ Zingiber nɛ kɩ-tɛ nɛ Zingiberaceae tɩmʊʊ liɖe taa. Palakɩ kililaa nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɖɩtɩzɩyɛ taa nɛ kabɩyɛ kɔ tʊmɩyɛ ɖɩlaɖɛ taa. Pɩtɛ tɛtɛɛ liɖe ɖɩkɛ sɔzɩŋ pʊyʊʊ weyi paɖʊʊ ɖozi taa ɖɩtɩzɩyɛ taa kɛ Aazii tɛtʋ wandamm taa yɔ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Ɛɛndɩ tɔɔnasɩ ɖɩlaɖɛ taa. Palakɩ-ɖɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ kɛ ginger ale ɖɩlaɖɛ nɛ cakam cakam naa ɛzɩ sɔzɩŋ kpɔnɔ. Wɩsɩ kɔyɛ kɛ sɔŋgaɣ ɛjaɖɛ ñɩɣyʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩɖazʊʊ lɔŋ nɛ kʊ-kʊkʊyʊmɩŋ maɣna mɛta naa 0,90 nɛ kɩñɔ liɖe yɔɔ kɛnɛ.
Hatʊ wɛ kpɩzɩŋ nɛ tɩwɛɛ kɩgbɛzɛŋ tɩyɛ nɛ piyuu tɩyɛ, tɩɖalɩɣ nɛ tɩwɛ sɔzɩŋ. Ɖɩ-hɛtʊ hʊlɩma nɛ tɩwɛ sʊtʊ sɛmɩŋ takɩŋ takɩŋ cɩɩɩ ndomaa yɔ. Hatʊ cikpetʊ ndʊ tuhuzuu hoka ŋga kagba nɛ ɛsɔ yɔ tɩwɛ tɩŋ hatʊ kpɛɖɩŋ nɛ sʊtʊ sɛmɩŋ. Ɖɩ-tɛŋ hɛtʊ lɩzʊʊ lɛ, ñʊʊ kobi nakʊyʊʊ lɩʊʊ kɩ-taa nɛ pee kɩkpɛdaa. Pee a-naa awɛ pɔyɩŋ weyi ɛwɩlɩɣ lɛ, ɛyaɣ yɔ ɛ-taa kɛ pɔyaa camɖɩyɛ yɔ. Ɖɩsɔɔlɩ wɩsɩ nɛ niikaɣ tɛtʊ. Ɖɩ-tɛ paɣlʊʊ wɛ lɔŋ lɔŋ nɛ puhukuu sakɩyɛ pɩtɩŋnɛ lilaa tɛ tɛyʊʊ cɔlɔ.
Ɛyʊ kaatɔkɩ wɩsɩ kɔyɛ ndɩ pɩwɛ ɛzɩ mɩŋ ñakɩŋ yɔ, pɩlɩnɛ shogaol nɛ paradol nɛ zingérone tɛ wɛʊ kɛ wɩsɩ kɔyɛ taa. Gingérol tɛ kpeɣluu kɛ pɩyʊʊ siŋ wɩsɩ kɔyɛ lɛɛŋ ndɛ taa ɛlɛ, ɛwɛ ñɩɩɩ kɛ kɩwɩlɩyɛ taa ɛlɛ, shogaol ñɔsɔzɩ. Wɩsɩ lilaa kɩfanaa (wenaa akɛ lilaa pʊtɔbʊʊ se akɛ tɛtɛɛ lilaa) taa wɛ leleŋ lɩm nɛ mʊtʊ nɛ pɩwɛ leleŋ camɩyɛ.
Sapɔŋ ɖɩtɩzɩyɛ taa lɛ, palakɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ wɩsɩ kɔyɛ kisidiye kɛ mɔʊ tɛ fɩnɛkɩrɩ nɛ gali padaa. Palakɩ-ɖɩ tʊmɩyɛ se pɛhɛzɩna agɔmaa ɖɩya sɔsɔɔ kɛ sushi nandʊʊ tɔʊ taa. Ɛɛndɩ ɖɩtɩyɛ ɖɩkɛ sɔzɩŋ pɩyʊʊ nɛ paɖʊʊ ɖozi ɛzɩ masala yaa vindalin. Siini ɖɩtɩzɩyɛ taa wɩsɩ kɔyɛ lilaa wazʊʊ se palʊbɩna sɔŋ nɛ mʊzʊŋ weyi ɛkɩlɩɣ ɖoŋ ɛzɩ kpakpasɩ teŋgʊʊ tɛ tɩŋ pee nɛ kelemaa nɛ heŋ (ɛ-nɛ yɔ, ouigour tɛ tɩzʊʊ ɖɔŋ yɔ lɛ, pɛlɛzɩɣ wɩsɩ kɔyɛ nɛ cumin).
Pɔtɔkɩ wɩsɩ kɔyɛ tɛ hatʊ nɛ ɖɩ-tɛ hosii nzɩ sɩñɔʊ lilaa. Paɖʊʊ tii taa nɛ pɩwɛʊ sɔzɩŋ kɛ Suwahilii nɛ Corée. Pɔyɔkɩ wɩsɩ kɔyɛ ɖɔɖɔ Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ɛzɩ leleŋ lɩm kɩñazɩm (sikiri). Payaɣ-kʊ se gnammankoudji nɛ pamazʊʊ se pɩkɛ sʊlʊm mbʊ piseɣtuu ɛyʊ kʊzʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa yɔ. Wɩsɩ kɔyɛ tɛ anasaayɩ sʊlʊm (soda ŋgʊ kɩ-taa fɛyɩ sʊlʊm ɖoŋ mbʊ) palaba-pʊ nɛ Jamaique nɛ pasɩm-pʊ nɛ Ɛnglɩsɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se ginger beer. Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, Jarnac taa, Charente kuduyuu tɛɛ palakɩ wɩsɩ kɔyɛ sʊlʊm nabʊyʊʊ nɛ payaɣ-pʊ se Domaine de Canton Ginger Liqueur.
1919
Pɩnaɣ 1919 kɛ pɩnaɣ 1919 ñɩŋga kɛ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ yɔ. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ taa lɛ, pɩnaɣ 1919 kɛŋna hiu nɛ nakʋ ñɩŋga. Kɛwɛ pɩnzɩ 1918 nɛ 1920 hɛkʋ taa. =1919 taa lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ = Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ sɩnɛ yɔ sɩlaba :
Simon Bolivar
Ɛyʊ ɛnɛyɔ ɛɛkɛ sɔdʊʊ sɔɔja nɛ ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ Venezuela ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊ tʊ. Ɛkɛ weluu ɛ nɛ José San Martin tʊ nɛ Siili Bernardo O’Higgins, pɩlɩna Ɛsɩpañɔlɩ ɛjaɖɛ caɣ ajɛyɛ wena a-ñʊʊŋ yɔɔ yɔ tɛ ɛsakuliye nɔmɔʊ taa Amerika nɛ Hadɛ kiŋ ajɛyɛ taa pɩnaɣ 1813 pazɩtʊ alɩwaatʊ taa.
Ɛɖʊ nesi piŋ nɛ ɛka ñʊʊ ajɛyɛ anɛ atɩyɔɔ wɛʊ tɔm taa, Bolivi, Colombi, Equateur, Panama, Perou, Venezuela. Ɛlʊba siŋ nɛ palɩzɩ Colombi Sɔsɔʊ ɛjaɖɛ, nɛ ɛsɔɔlɩ ɖɔɖɔ se ɖɩkɛ lone nɖɩ ɖɩtaa Amerika latine ajɛyɛ kpɛndʊʊ ɖama nɛ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ politiki nɛ sɔɔjɛtʊ tɔm yɔ nɛ ɛnʊ kaakɛna kajalaɣ ñʊʊ tʊ.
Simon Bolivar ɖoo, Concepción Palacios y Blanco Maaria, ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ ɛ-caa yɔ Juan Vicente Bolívar y Ponte kaawɛ Aristote Caracas ŋgbɛyɛ taa. Pɩlɩna ɛzɩma lɛlʊ kaakɩlɩ lɛlʊ pɩnzɩ sakɩyɛ mbʊ lɛ, pawalɩ ɖama pɩnaɣ 1773 alɩwaatʊ taa. Juan Vicente kaawɛna pɩnzɩ hiŋ nanaza nɛ lʊbɛ lɛ, ɛ-halʊ Concepción kaawɛna pɩnzɩ hiu nɛ kagbanzɩ yeke. Palʊlɩ piya mba yɔ María Antonia, Juana Nepomucena, Juan Vicente, Simón nɛ María del Carmen. Wayi ñɩnʊ ɛnɛyɔ ɛtɩ sɩbʊ kpɛdɛ kpɛdɛ ɛzɩ paɖɩna-ɩ lʊlʊ yɔ.
Golden Gate kondoloko
Golden Gate Kondoloko tʋma paɣzɩ pɩnaɣ 1933 ñɩŋga taa nɛ pɛtɛ kʋ-tʋma tɩŋga pɩnaɣ 1937 taa. Pɩnaɣ 1964 ñɩŋga taa pɔcɔna payɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ lɛ, Golden Gate Kondoloko kɩlɩna ɖaɣlʋʋ. Golden Gate Kondoloko kʋnɛ, kɩpɩsa sɔnɔdaa Sanfransiskoo tɛ sɩʋkpelaɣ. Ñɩɩtʊ ndʊ tɩwɛ ɖoŋ kaɖaɖa nɛ payaɣ-tʊ se asiye yɔ tɩnɛ peetɔŋ kɛ pamana kondoloko kʊnɛ.
Kɩ-ɖaɣlakɩŋ taa maɣna mɛtanaa 2 737 nɛ kɩ-walanzɩ taa wɛ mɛtanaa 27 piyele kɩ- kʊyɩmɩŋ ñɛwɛ mɛtanaa 23. Papaɣzɩ-kʊ ɖʊ kɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 5 pɩnaɣ 1933 nɛ pɛm-kʊ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 26 pɩnaɣ 1947 nɛ tɛʊ fema ɛlɛ pɛsɛtɩ kɩ-kahanaʊ nɛ papaɣzɩ ɖɔm kɩ-yɔɔ. Ñɩɣlɩm nɔnɔɔ kondoloko kʊnɛ yaa Golden Gate kpɛnzelasi yɔɔ, pama sɔdɩŋ nɩɩyɛ hɩla. Sɔdɩŋ ɩnʊʊ yɔ: Joseph Strauss, Leon Moisseiff, Charles Ellis et Irving Morrow.
Fitenum pɔɔɖɛ
Fitenum pɔɔɖɛ, pɩkɛ lɩm kpʊzɩyɛɛ mbʊ pɩwɛ kpɛyɛɛ fitenum nɔsɩ yɔɔ yɔ. Ɖɩcɔna pɩ-taa kɔyɔ pɩwɛ lɩm nabʊtozo, halɩ tam loɖo nɛ pʊpʊ taa wɛɛ hola kuludasi.
Ɖooo hayi Canaʊ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, paakpaɣ fitenum ɛzɩ pʊyʊ mbʊ pʊ-tɔm wɛ kɩjɛyɩɣ pazɩ yɔ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ taa. Egipiti ɛyaa taakpaɣ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛzɩ pɩyʊ kɛ pɛ-tɛ pawɩsɩ pa-sɩɖaa yɔ, ɛlɛ paa mbʊ yɔ Edwin Smith lɩzɩɣ tɔbʊʊ nɛ panɩɩ heŋ kʊdɔmɩŋ nɛ ɛnɛm pɛ-tɛ kazʊwa. Ɛyʊ maɣzɩm kpeekpe nɛ ɛ-sɔɔlɩm laɣsɩ tɩŋa kaawɛ ɛyʊ hɔyɛ taa, ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ yɔ pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ. Pɩkɔma kpaɣɖʊ 5 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesuu Krɩstʊ pɩtɩŋna Alcmanéon takʊʊ nɛ wiluu tʊma yɔɔ lɛ papɩza pana ɛsɩyɛ lone ɛyʊ ñʊʊ taa.
Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ keekee canaʊ ɛyaa tɩla ñʊʊ pɔɔɖɛ paasɩŋ-tʊ camɩyɛ, kɛlɛ Galien, ɛlɛ ñaakɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ sɔsɔ kpaɣɖʊ 2 alɩwaatʊ, ñaasɩma-tʊ. Kɛlɛ ɛmaɣzɩ pɩlɩna Hérophile ñazɩtʊ yɔɔ mbʊ se maɣzɩm ɖɩcaɣyɛ keekee fitenum ñamɩyɛ loyaɣ taa, lɩm kʊhʊlʊmʊm nɛ kpʊzɩyɛɛ ñɩmbʊ ñaɖaŋɩɣna pa nɛ ɛnʊ yɔ pɔ-yɔɔ. Lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩle kpaɣ Hɛkʊ Alɩwaatʊ tɩŋa taa.
Pɩlɩna matʊ paɣtʊ ɛsɩnda wobinau yɔɔ lɛ pana se ñʊʊ pɔɔɖɛ kpaɣ alɩwaatʊ piŋ ɖooo ɛzɩ tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩlɩɣ yɔ kɛ cɔzɔ naa cɔlɔ.
Masɩ maʊ
Masɩ maʊ kɛna nɔmɔʊ ŋgʊ ɛyʊ tɩŋgɩɣna nɛ ɛma nabʊyʊ yɔɔ yaa ɖoli kɛ ndʊ ɛ-taa wɛɛ ɛlɛ ɛtɔsɔɔlɩ se ɛyɔɔdɩna ɛ-nɔɔtaa yem yɔ. Masɩ maʊ kɛna tɩlɩtʊ ndʊ tɩɖɔŋ camɩyɛ kɛ yɔɔdaɣ paɣtʊ tɩŋga yɔɔ yɔ. Masɩ maʊ taa pamaɣ tɔm pee kpeekpe nɛ a-taa lɛ naayɛ wɛ ɖoŋ nɩʊ taa nɛ lɛɛna ñalɩzʊ alɛ tɔbɩŋ. Takayaɣ ŋga payaɣ se tɔm tɔbɩŋ lɩzʊ takayaɣ yaa tɔm kpou. Tʊmɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩñaŋ ŋzʊlʊmɩyɛ nɛ yɔɔdaɣ yaa kʊnʊŋ pa-paɣtʊ yɔɔ; ŋzʊlʊmɩyɛ nɛ yɔɔdaɣ pa-matʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ yɔɔ. Masɩ maʊ taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, palɩzʊ yɔɔdasɩ paɣtʊ takayasɩ kɩkalasɩ ndɩ ndɩ. Pɩwɛɛ mbʊ lɛ, kala naayɛ wɛɛ nɛ akakɩ kaʊ kɛ tɔm pee naayɛ matʊ taa. Masɩ maʊ kɛna mbʊ kabɩyɛtʊ tɔŋ se tɔm nana ɛsɛ keɣleee yɔ. Ɖooo kiɖe tɛ, Egipiti taa, kacalaɣ masɩ maʊ payawaɣ se Iyerogilifi.
Pɩnzɩ kutokiŋ IV waa taa pʊcɔ palʊlʊʊ Yeesu lɛ, Mezopotami taa tadɩyɛ labʊ tɔm nɛ ɖɩ-yɔɔ cɔnaʊ kaawɛ ɛyaa kaɖɛ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, pɩɩwɛ-wɛ kaɖɛ se papɩzʊʊ pɔɖɔkʊʊ pa-ñʊŋ taa ndʊ pɔyɔɔdaɣ, ndʊ panɩwaɣ nɛ paɣtʊ ndʊ pakpakaɣ yɔ. Peɣɖe masɩ maʊ wɩlɩ sɩ-wazaɣ sɔsɔɣa tadɩyɛ yɔɔ tɔm tɔsʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa. Ɖooo Egipiti caanaʊ ñɩŋgʊ taa nɛ Mezopotami taa, masɩ maʊ pɩzaa pɩɖɛɛ nɛ ɛsɩnda mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, palakaɣ fenasi takayɩsɩ nɛ pamawaɣ ɖɔɖɔ politiki tɔm nɛ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ ñɩndʊ, caanaʊ taa tɔm nɛ pasɩʊ. Ɛzɩ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ se tɔm se tɔm kɩ-yɔɔdɩtʊ sɔʊ ɛlɛ kɩ-mamatʊ ɛɛsɔʊ yɔ, mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ masɩ maʊ tʊma ɖɩ-tʊmɩyɛ kɛ caanaʊ tɔm nɛ tɔm hʊʊ paɣtʊ lɩzʊ tɔm tɔsʊʊ taa. Pɩtɩŋa payɩ kɛ mbʊ yɔ, nɖʊ ɛyʊ ɖɔkʊʊ yɔ kɛlɛ se masɩ maʊ taɣna weyi ɛkelʊ-sɩ yɔ. Masɩ maʊ ɖeke pɩzɩna sɩtʊʊ tʊkaɣ kɛ caanaʊ taa tɔm nɛ ndʊ tɩɩlaba pʊcɔ caanaʊ taa ñɩndʊ talɩʊ yɔ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ matʊ yebina nɛ ndʊ tɩɩlaba yɔ, papɩzɩ pama-tʊ nɛ pɛkɛdɩɣ-ɖʊ tʊ.
Suu
Ñɩtʊ kʊtɔɔʊ yaa ñɩyʊʊ kʊtɔɔʊ yaa Suu kɛna tɩŋ tɔɔnaɣ ŋga pahayʊ-kɛ ka-hatʊ yɔɔ yɔ. Suu kɛna tɩŋ tɔɔnaɣ ŋga pahayʊ-kɛ ka-ñɩtʊ yaa ka-hatʊ yɔɔ yɔ. Ñɩtʊ kʊtɔɔtʊ tʊnɛ payaɣ-tʊ nɛ fransɩ taa se suu yɔ pɩtɛkɛ ñɩtʊ kʊtɔɔtʊ ndʊ tiɖeke kɛ pʊwɛɛ se payaa mbʊ.
Ñɩyʊ kʊtɔɔʊ kʊnɛ pahayʊʊ-kʊ yɔ kɩ-hatʊ yɔɔ pahayɩɣ-kʊ mbʊ pɔyɔɔ yɔ, pɩkɩlɩ ɛzɩ tɩŋ cɔka kʊtɔɔtʊ lɛɛtʊ yɔ pɩlɩɩna tɩ-taa anaɣm yɔɔ. Ñɩtʊ kʊtɔɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-wɛ camɩyɛ lɛfɩɩɩ nɛ papɩzʊ pɔtɔɔ-tʊ lɛŋ yaa pehili-kʊ ɖozi. Ñɩyʊ kʊtɔɔʊ yaa ñɩtʊ kʊtɔɔtʊ yaa ɖɔɖɔ suu wɛ huwa ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna tɩ-hɛtʊ wɛtʊ yɔɔ yaa tɩ-paɣlɩka yɔɔ. Papɩzʊʊ pɔtɔɔ suu alɩwaaatʊ ndʊ pɛkpɛza-kʊ yɔ yaa papɩzʊʊ pasɩɩ-kʊ nɛ kileɖi cambɩ nɛ pʊcɔ pɔtɔɔ-kʊ. Yee pɩkɛ nikaɣ ŋgbaʊ taa ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛzɩʊ kɔyɔ, pɩwɛɛ se ɛhɔkɩ-ɛ anwa huyuu taa nɛ ɛzɩ ɛlɛ pɩtaaɖɛ kɩyakɩŋ naalɛ yɔɔ se pʊcɔ ɛɛlɩzɩ-ɛ se ɛhilɩ.
Ɛlɛ ɛyʊ ɛfɛyɩna nikaɣ ŋgbaʊ kɔyɔ ɛpɩzʊ ɛsɩɩ ɖenɖe nɩkaɣ wɛ camɩyɛ yɔ nɛ pɩtaa wɩlɩ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, lɛŋ ɖeke pɔtɔkɩ. Papɩzʊ pesidi paa nandʊ ndʊ, lɩm ñɩndʊ yaa kuɖoŋgutu yaa ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ kpakpasɩ kɩwɩsɩ yaa lɩm ñɩnzɩ; sɔsɔsɩ yaa cikpesi. Ɛlɛ yee pɩkɛ nandʊ ndʊ poɖoŋga yɔɔ yɔ pɩkɩlɩ ɖeu.
Samaɣ tɛ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ
Samaɣ tɛ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ pɩkɛ lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩcɔŋna se ɖɩna ɛzɩma ɛyʊ maɣzɩm wɛɛ, ɛ-wɛtʊ nɛ ɛ-laɣsɩ pɩcɛlɩna mbʊ pɩwɛ ɛsɩndaa yɔ, mbʊ ɛmaɣzʊʊ yɔ nɛ lalaa. Lɛɣtʊ tɔbʊʊ nɩɣʊ mbʊ pɩ-taa, pɩcɛlɩɣ-ɖʊ se ɖɩpɩsɩ ɖooo kɩbɩnjaazɩ tɔm yɔɔ nɛ ɖɩtakɩ.
Samaɣ tɛ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkɩyaa (Kurt Lewin, Harold J. Leavitt, Jean Maisonneuve, Serge Moscovici, nɛ ŋgbaɣ ŋɖɛyɛ mbʊ yɔ wɩlɩɣ-ɖʊ ɛzɩma ɖɩkpaɣna ɖa-tɩ ɖo-kobiyaa lalaa yɔ, nɛ papɩzɩɣ panaɣ ɖɔɖɔ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ laɣsɩ yaa wɛtʊ natʊyʊ naa lakɩ yɔ. Samaɣ tɛ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ sɔɔlʊʊ ɖɩnaɣ ɛyʊ lɩmaɣza, ɛ-wɛtʊ ɛ-laɣsɩ ɛ-ɛyɩtʊ tɩŋa kpeekpe taa nɛ panaɣ ɛzɩma ɛyaa nɛ ɖama pɛ-wɛtʊ.
Etaazuunii ajɛyɛ taa lɛ William McDougall susina pɩnaɣ 1908 nɔɔ haʊ takayaɣ nakayɛ pɩlɩna samaɣ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ yɔɔ, takayaɣ keyebina se paɖʊ kamayʊ samaɣ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa taa.
Samaɣ kpɛlɛkʋʋ lɛɣtʋ piliŋa
Samaɣ kpɛlɛkʋʋ lɛɣtʋ piliŋa kɛ samaɣ tɩlʋʋ lɛɣtʋ piliŋa nakɛyɛ. Samaɣ kpɛlɛkʋʋ lɛɣtʋ piliŋa ñɩnɩɣna nɛ katɩlɩɣ ɛyʋ wɛtʋ samaɣ taa. Samaɣ tɩlʋʋ lɛɣtʋ piliŋa ŋ́ga kañɩnɩɣna nɛ katɩlʋʋ ɛyʋ wɛtʋ tɔbʋʋ samaɣ taa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ŋ́ga ñɩnɩɣna nɛ kana mbʋ pʋ-yɔɔ ɛyʋ lakɩ lakasɩ nasɩyɛ nɛ sɩtɔcɔlɩ yaa sɩcɔlaa yɔ.
Ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ anasaayɩ sukuli labʋ nʋmɔʋ nɛ ɖɩna. Ɖooo lɛ, caja nɔɔyʋ ɛlʋlɩ piya nɛ sɩ-taa nakɛyɛ sɔɔlɩ yaa kaɖʋ se kalakɩ anasaayɩ sukuli yɔ, ka-caa yaa ka-ñɩma lalaa cɔŋna-kɛ se kapɩsɩ tɩkpayʋ pɩtɛ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se pakpakɩɣ-kɛ se kaawazɩ pʋyʋ, se keleba.