cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Antɩmʊwanɩ
Antɩmʊwanɩ kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 51 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Sb. E-tomnaɣ tɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm pɩyʊ, ɛwɛna wɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ, ɛwɛ sʊtʊ piŋ nɛ ɛtɩyɩ pɩcɛɖɛ kʊdɔŋ, ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ arɩsɛnɩkɩ yɔ (weyi pɛkpɛndɩ ɛ nɛ-ɩ nabʊyʊ naa taa, ɛzɩ hɔzɩŋ taa pɩtɩŋna pʊlɔŋ yɔɔ yɔ).
Yee paya-ɩ tobi se Sb kɔyɔ Berzélius lɩzɩna hiɖɛ nɖɩ, pɩlɩna latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa mbʊ se stibium yaa pɩlɩna krɛkɩ nɛ latɛŋ kʊnʊmɩŋ taa se stibi yaa krɛkɩ (s)timmi, ɖɩ-lɩna krɛkɩ kɩbɩnʊʊ taa στίϐι / stibi nɛ pɩwɩlɩɣ se pɩkɛ antɩmʊwanɩ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ kpeekpe, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ stibine maɣmaɣ.
Kpaɣɖʊ kajalaɣ ŋgʊ wɛɛ pɛtɛm lʊlʊʊ Yeesu Krɩstʊ wayi yɔ, Celse nɛ pline kɩbɩnʊʊ laba tʊmɩyɛ nɛ latɛŋ tɔmʊʊ sɩtɩbɩyɔm, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ ɖɩlabɩyɛ se yʊsaɣ, cɛjɛyaɣ (ɛzɩ ɛsa kila kpɛyɛ mbʊ yɔ) kɛ kpaɣɖʊ 18 wɛɛ taa ñɩnɩyʊ Jöns Jakob Berzelius lɩza tobi yatʊ se Sb, mbʊ pɩsɩna kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ antɩmʊwanɩ yatʊ.
Pline pɩzɩ ɛya hɩɖɛ ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ ɛ-tɛ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ, ɛlɛ ehiɣ ɛlɩzɩ abalʊ nɛ halʊ. Abalʊ kɔyɔ sɩtɩbɩnɩ, halʊ kɔyɔ weyi ɛkɩlɩ paɣlʊ yɔ, ɛkɩlɩ yuŋ, ɛñɩlɩsɩɣ nɛ papɩzɩɣ papɩsɩ-ɩ mʊlʊm. Pline la tʊmɩyɛ tɔmpee anɛ stimi, larbaris, alabastre, ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ platyophthalmos i.e. pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛsa sɔsɔna krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa, Khôl ajana wondu cɔlɔ lɛ.
Pɩnaɣ 1990 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, ajɛyɛ wena akɩlaɣ huyuu antɩmʊwanɩ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ yɔ anaa yɔ, Siini, Ruusi, Afrika nɛ Hadɛ ejaɖɛ, Bolivi, Mɛkɩsɩkɩ, Kanaada nɛ Ositralii. Mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 30 pɩnaɣ 1658, Louis 14 hiɣ sɔtʊ kʊdɔŋ sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ tɔɔnaɣ taa alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛkpakaɣ Bergues Hayɩ yɔɔ kiŋ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ Guénaut, Anne Autriche ɖɔkɔtɔ ha-ɩ tɔtʊ kɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ ɛlaba-ɖɩ nɛ antɩmʊwanɩ nɛ vɩn sʊlʊm nɛ ɛwazɩ-ɩ hama yɔɔ. Kɛlɛ wiyaʊ ha waɖɛ se papazɩ labɩnaʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ antɩmʊwanɩ kɔ taa nɛ pawazɩ kʊdɔmɩŋ.
Niwu Mɛksikii
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Tɛkzasii, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ lɛ, Ariizona hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Sonora piyele nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Koloradoo.
Ñʊʊ (tʊʊzʊʊ)
Ñʊʊ (Tʊʊzɩtʊ) Ñʊʊ pɩkɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖiyeki se pakalɩ nɛ pɛkɛdɩna wondu yaa tɔm ɖalakɩŋ yɔɔ yɔ, nɛ pɩsa nɛ patɩlɩ paa pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ. Sakɩyɛ taa lɛ pamaɣna mayaɣ kajalaɣ ñɩŋa yaa masɩ sakɩyɛ pɩzɩɣ sɩwɛɛ, sɩwɛɛ ɖama taa nɛ papɩzɩ palakɩ-sɩ nɛ tʊma ndɩ ndɩ pɩtɩŋna akɔnta yɔɔ. Yee patapɩzɩda palɩzɩ tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ keekee kɔyɔ lɛɣtʊ yaa tʊzɩyaa tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa maɣmaɣ lɩza ñʊŋ ndɩ ndɩ se pɩsa nɛ pawɩlɩna mbʊ panaɣ yɔ tɛ mazɩtʊ, kɩmaŋ tɛyʊʊ, nɛ halɩ pamazɩ pɩfɛyɩ kamaɣ yɔɔ.
Niwu Mɛksikii
Pamaza Niwu Mɛksikii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 315 194 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 314 590  km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 607 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 0,2 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 36 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa.
Ñʊʊ (tʊʊzʊʊ)
Ñʊŋ tɔmpiye lɩna kiɖe tɛɛ lɛ, naalɛ naalɛ kpeɣlitu cɔlɔ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se pekpeɣla com com pʊtʊnaa nabɛyɛ (kpaɣ ɛzɩ pazɩ ɛyaa hɔɔlʊʊ nɛ pasɩɩ namɩŋ hɔɔlʊʊ). Yee ɛyʊ ɛmaɣza se ɛtɛyɩɣ-wɛ halʊʊ nɛ abalʊ paa hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa kɔyɔ pɩwɛʊ ɛzɩ pasakʊ hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊ taa pʊtʊnaa pakɩlɩɣ ɖɔʊ yaa pɩɩtalɩɣ yaa pɩkpaɖɩɣ. Pɩ-tɛ laɣsɩ nzɩ pakpaɣna nɛ pɛtɛyɩɣ wondu yɔ ɛɛlɛɛzɩɣ nabʊyʊ.
Ɖɔʊʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɛ mbʊ papɩza nɛ paɖʊ mɛɛsaɣ tɛ mayaɣ kɩnanaɣ yɔ kaakɛ ɖooo hoohoo tɔm pʊ-tɔbʊʊ ɖoo alɩwaatʊ ndʊ matʊ kaalɩwa yɔ. Nɔmɔŋ sakɩyɛ kaawɛɛ pɩlɩna kalɩtʊ yɔɔ se pɩsa nɛ patɩlɩ kaŋamaɣ taa wondʊ ñʊʊ nɛ patɩlɩ tɩ-tɩ huuu, se patɩlɩ fenaɣ ɖɔnɛ yaa kɩyakɩŋ paɣtʊ nɛ patɩlɩ tɔɔnasɩ ɖomasi alɩwaatʊ yaa tɛʊ paɣtʊ.
Niwu Mɛksikii
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 47 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ looɖo ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1912. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 2 059 179 yɔ.
Payaɣ Niwu Mɛksikii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Susana Martinez (R) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Tom Udall (D) nɛ Martin Heinrich (D).Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ aŋgilisi nɛ ɛspañɔɔlɩ. Ɛlɛ siŋŋŋ taa lɛ, komina maɣmaɣ tatɩɩ hada nɔɔ camɩyɛ se aŋgilisi kɛŋna kɩ-kʊnʊŋ.
Bɔrɩyɔm
Bɔrɩyɔm (yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɔyɔ Bh) ɛkɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 107. Palaba-ɩ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe pɩnaɣ 1981 pɩtɩŋna pamabɩna-ɩ nɛ 209Bi(54Cr,n)262Bh Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) kɛ Darmstadt taa, Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Pɛlɛza pɩ-tɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ GSI pɩnaɣ 1989, kpaagbaa mbʊ lɛ pɩcaŋ pala 261Bh nɛ ɖɔɖɔ pɩdaa pee hilimiye kʊyʊmɖɩyɛ tɛ. Transfɔrmɩyɔm Working Group (TWG) UICPA ɖanɩ ñɔɔzʊʊ pʊtʊ 107 natʊ tɔm pɩtɩŋna GSI pɩnaɣ 1992, nɛ UICPA kpaɣ hɩɖɛ se bɔrɩyɔm pɩnaɣ 1994.
Kɔkɔɖɛ naɖɩyɛ la piŋ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ pɩɩwɛ sɔndʊ ɖɩkɔŋ ɖiyidina Ɛnglɛsɩ ñɩnɖɛ boron pɩkɛna bɔrɩ, kɛlɛ GSI kpaɣ lɩmaɣza mbʊ nɛ pɛlɛzɩɣ hɩɖɛ nɩlɩbɔrɩyɔm, nɛ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛkpaɣ hɩɖɛ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1997 se bɔrɩyɔm, pɩkɛna hɩɖɛ ɖʊ tomnasi ɖɔnɛ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ weyi ɛkɛ Tanɩmarɩkɩ tʊ Niels Bohr.
Sɛmɩŋ
Sɛmɩŋ kɛna tomnaɣ wɛɖʊʊ nakʊyʊ nɛ kɩwɛ kɛsɛmɩŋ wɛ caʊʊ nɛ kɛnaɣ poliŋ sɩŋŋŋ. Sɛmɩŋ wɛ tomnasɩ nzɩ sɩwɛ cɩŋ cɩŋwɛɖʊʊ yɔ. Yee pesida kʊlʊmŋ tomnaɣ nɛ kɩsɛmɩŋ ñɩŋga ɖoli kʊɖʊym kɔyɔ, tomnaɣ wɛɖʊ ŋgʊ pɩpɩsɩɣ yɔ kɩwɛʊ caʊʊʊ yaa ɛzɩ hʊlʊʊ tɩyɛ yɔ. Sɛmɩŋ wɛɖʊ nɛ tɩŋ hatʊ wɛɖʊ poposina ɖama sɩŋŋŋ.
Pɩsa nɛ tomnasɩ sɛmɩŋ yaa tomnasɩ wɛɛ ndɩ ndɩ pɩɖɔɔ lɛ, pesidiɣ sɛmɩŋ maɣmaɣ nɛ ɛzɩ tɩŋ hatʊ sɛmɩŋ nɛ yuulee sɛmɩŋ ɖoli kʊɖʊm. Yee pesida tɔlɩm nabʊyʊ nɛ sɛmɩŋ maɣmaɣ ɖɔɖɔ kɔyɔ sɛmɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛlɛɣzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ ɛkpaɣ tomnaɣ ŋga yɔ, kɛwɛʊ maɖʊmaɖʊ.
Sɔnzɩ hɔɔlɩŋ nɩyɛ taa lɛ, tomnasɩ tɔlɩm kpɛnda naatozo ɖeke nɛ ɩnɩɩyɔ: piyiŋ tomnaɣ nɛ ɛ-taa kɔyɔ kɩkpɛdɩm, hɔlɩmɩŋ tomnaɣ nɛ ɛlɛ taa kɔyɔ kʊlʊmɩŋ layɩlayɩ tomnaɣ nɛ naputozo taa lɛ, maɖʊmaɖʊ tomnaɣ nɛ panaɣ ɛ-taa kɛ kɩsɛɛmɩm cɩŋcɩŋ. Tomnasɩ sɛmŋ ɩnʊ ɩtɩŋga ɩkpɛnda lʊbɛ nɛ pekpeɣla-ɩ kɔyɔ ɩwɛ mbʊ payaɣ se kaayʊʊ yɔ kɩ-taa.
Tɔnɛ
Tɔnɛ kɛna awayɩ tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ huyuŋ nɛ mbʊ pakɩlʊna-yɛ labɩnaʊ yɔ mbʊlɛ naakomna, huyiŋ, hulasi, tokonaa, waacinaa, kɔɔkasɩ, sɩsɩ huyiŋ, kpacanaa tola, tɔŋ nimasi mbʊ payaɣ se hikasi yɔ yaa ɛzɩ mba palakɩ fadɩŋ yɔ pɛ-tɛ alɩfaatʊ wendu yaa pɛñɛyɩ tɔna ana nɛ pacanɩna nabʊyʊ. Calaɣ taa lɛ, tɛtɛkpɩna wena a-tɔna pakɩlʊ labɩnaʊ yɔ anaa lɛ wena apaɣlɩ camɩyɛ yɔ ɛzɩ tɛyɛ naŋ yaa yaa tɛyɛ namɩŋ yɔ. Pɩtasɩ ɛlɛ pɩtɛkɛ tɛyɛ namaɩŋ yeke tɔna palakɩna, palakɩna tʊma ana ɖɔɖɔ nɛ ɖɩɣa wondu ɖɔɖɔ. Paakpakʊ-yɛ yem nɛ papaɣzɩ tʊma kɛ labɩnaʊ. Pakʊ pɩtɛ kpɩna ana ɛlɛ, pelitu a-tɔnɩŋ nɛ pɔhɔɔ camɩyɛ nɛ pɩwɛɛ tɔnɩɩɩ yaa ɛzɩ powona menziininaa taa nɛ pɔhɔɔ. Tokonaa nɛ pantalɔna mba pɛñɛyʊ na tɔna ana yɔ, pʊlʊkɩna nikaɣ kamaɣfɛyɩ. Pɩwɛɛ mbʊ lɛ, tɔna wɛ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna kpɩnɛ nɖɩ pelita ɖɩtɔnʊ, pɔhɔɔ nɛ size palabɩna yɔ a-yɔɔ.
Halʊ yɔɔ lʊbɩyɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ (féminisme)
Halʊ yɔɔ lʊbɩyɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ, pɩkɛ lʊbɩyɛ tɔm nɛ politiki lɩmaɣza, ɛyʊ yɔɔ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɔm nɛ ɛyaa tɔm, patɩŋa mbʊ yɔ pa-maɣzɩm kɛ kʊɖʊm. Tɔbʊʊ nɩɣʊ, lɩmaɣza labʊ se pɩsa nɛ ɖatɩŋa ɖɩwɛɛ kɩmaŋ politiki nɔmɔʊ taa, tɔsʊʊ ñɩnɩɣ nɔmɔʊ taa, ɛzakuliye ñɩɣnɩɣ tɔm taa, tɩ yɔɔ tɔm, samaɣ taa nɛ tɔm hʊʊ tɛ kɛ abalaa nɛ halaa hɛkɩŋ taa. Halʊ yɔɔ lʊbɩyɛ maɣzɩm kɛlɛ se palʊ nɛ paɖɩzɩɣ hɔɔlɩŋ tɩŋa taa payɩ tɛyɩtʊ ndʊ tɩwɛɛ abalaa nɛ halaa hɛkɩŋ taa mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ patakpaɣ halʊ nɛ paya nabʊyʊ hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊ taa kpoyi nɛ palʊ nɛ palɩzɩ halʊ waɖɛ paɣtʊ takayasɩ ɛyaa taa nɛ tɩ-yɔɔ fezuu labʊ taa.
Kpaɣ nɛ pɩnaɣ 1792, Fransɩɩ sʊ you taa lɛ, ɛyaa nabɛyɛ youna ɖama kamasɩ yɔɔ, ŋgʊ mbʊ lɛ, pɩnaɣ 1793 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, halɩtʊ canɖaʊ nakʊyʊ ñapalaɣ Paarii tɛtʊ taa, ɛlɛ Paarii tɛtʊ taa halaa kaatɩna tʊ pʊñɔtɩna cokodo fɛyɩ tɩnaa tɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ taa kpɛlɩ lɛɣzɩɣ ɛyaa tɛ ŋgbɛyɛ ndɩ palɩzɩ-ɖɩ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 10 pɩnaɣ 1793, pɩtɩŋna Claire Lacombe nɛ Pauline Léon, taa halaa nasɩlɛ, mba ɖɩyaɣ sindiɖiki yaa piyuu pɩsaŋ lʊya caɣ kʊjɔŋ kpeɣa tendemee tɩŋa yɔɔ nɛ pahʊtʊʊ tɔm paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa. Claire Lacombe ñɔtɔŋ se pɛcɛlɩ malɩfanaa halaa.
Nasɩɩ lɛ, you ŋgʊ sakɩyɛ taa wɛna-kʊ nɛ leleŋ kpem alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa, abalaa etisiɣ halaa kewiyitu tɔm pɛ hɛkʊ taa. Paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa sakɩyɛ tisuu lɩmaɣza wena awɛ Emile yaa Rousseau wɩlɩtʊ taa yɔ, se halʊ wɛʊ ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ kɛlɛ mbʊ paya-ɩ se ɖoo nɛ ɛlʊlɩ piyaa, pazɩɩ yem ɛzɩ Condorcet yeke ñɩŋɩɣna se pɔtɔ caca halʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ kedeŋga wɛtʊ ɛsɩnda ɖatɩŋa ɖɩkɛ ɛyaa, pʊyɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ wɛɛ kʊɖʊma ana a-taa peeɖe maɣzɩm lɛɛbʊ lɩɩ nɛ pʊlʊkɩna kañatʊ kewiyitu tɔm nɛ yomtʊ tɔm.
Patɩlɩ lɔŋ camɩyɛ nɛ pɛwɛɛ pa tɩ-yɔɔ mbʊ lɛ, peeɖe halaa mba pamazɩ se pɛkɛ wɩlɩyaa yɔ kaakɩlɩna ɖɔʊ halaa ñɩma mba palʊkaɣ halʊ waɖɛ yɔɔ kandɩyʊ yɔɔ yɔ. Ɛlɛ, palakaɣ kʊñɔŋ pazɩ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ pada kpasɩ camɩyɛ, pɩlɩna ɛzɩma pɔɖɔna-wɛ sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa yɔ. Queen’s College for Women nɛ Bedford College Elizabeth Jesser Reid ñɩnba, patʊlɩ-wɛ pɩnzɩ 1840 tɛmtʊ taa se pɩsa nɛ halaa wɩlɩyaa mba pɛwɛna tɩlɩtʊ sɔsɔtʊ piŋ.
Takayasɩ sɔsɔsɩ nee mʊya kɩfama mʊ nimiye nɛ peseɣtu halʊ sukuli tɔm yɔɔ. North London Collegiate School (pɩnaɣ 1850) nɛ Cheltenham Ladies' College (pɩnaɣ 1853), Bedford sukuli piya kɩbɩma naalɛ kaawɛna pɔ-nɔsɩ yɔɔ, mba yɔ Frances Buss nɛ Dorothy Beale.
Halaa mba palʊkɩ halʊ waɖɛ yɔɔ yɔ pekitina patɩ pazɩ pazɩ nɛ sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ yɔɔ kiŋ. Emily Davies ɖɛna nɔɔ, ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlʊkɩ se halʊ ɛpɩzɩɣ ewolo santaɖaʊ sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ, ñɩŋʊʊ se patʊlɩ halɩbiya santaɖaʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɩlɩɣ se pɛtɛma hɛkʊ taa sukuli (The Cambridge and Oxford Local Examination), pataka nɛ pana pɩnaɣ 1863 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, Cambridge sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa ha-wɛ waɖɛ takayaɣ.
Hɔɔlʊʊ kɩtɩŋʊʊ kaakɛ ɛzɩma patʊlɩ halɩbiya santaɖaʊ ŋgʊ kɩhaɣ waɖɛ halʊ nɛ ɛsʊʊ sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa yɔ (Matriculation Examinations). Sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa tɔm hʊyaa kiziɣ mbʊ lɛ, Davies tɔlɩ, paa ɛtaafɛyɩna wondu tɩŋa kɔyɔ, halaa sukuli nakʊyʊ, pama-kʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ Hitchin abalɩbiya kɔlɛzɩ Hertfordshire tɛtʊ taa yɔ (pɩnaɣ 1869), nɛ pʊcɔ ɛñɔtɩ ɛtɩ Cambridge nɛ ɛcaɣ Girton tɛtʊ taa pɩnaɣ kɩtɩŋaɣ taa. Tʊmɩyɛ lɛɛɖɛ caŋ ɖɩlɩɩ kpaagbaa ɖɩnɛ yɔ ɖɩ wayi Cambridge peeɖe ɛnʊ ɖɔɖɔ, patʊlɩ Newnham kɔlɛzɩ pɩtɩŋna yɔɔ huuziyaa pa nɛ yɔ pɔyɔɔ Henry Sidgwick nɛ Anne Clough.
Tuwala
Duwala kɛna Kameruni ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ. Tɛtʋ tʋnɛ tɩwɛ Atilantiki kitiiliŋ nakʋyʋ cɔlɔ kpam nɛ tɩ-walanzɩ taa makɩɣna 923 km2. Pakala ɛyaa kɛ tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 2015 taa lɛ, pɛkpɛndɩ ɛyaa 2 768 436. Payaɣwaɣ Tuwala tɛtʋ yɔɔ cɔnɩyʋ se Douala Manga Bell (1927-2012). Tɛtʋ tʋnɛ tɩkɛna Kameruni kɛ ɛjaɖɛ kɛ mbʋ papɩzɩɣ payaa se tɔsʋʋ kpou yɔ pɩlɩɩna teŋgu ŋgʋi kɛwɛ tɛtʋ ndʋ ti-kitiiliŋ yɔɔ yɔ.
Ɛzɩ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ lɛɛtʋ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, Tuwala tɛtʋ nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʋ ɖʋ taabalɩyɛ nɛ palakɩ tʋm kʋɖʋma se tɔsʋʋ nɛ ɛsɩnda wobu ɛɖɛɛna poliŋ. Tɛtʋ ndʋ yɔ: Taakarɩ (Senegali), Strasbourg (Fransɩɩ), Akisari (Tuurkii), Newari (New Jersey) nɛ Filadɛlifi (Etaazunii) nɛ Windowɛkɩ (Namibii).
Ñɔsɩ ñalʊ fɔɔfɔɔ
Ñɔsɩ ñalʊ fɔɔfɔɔ kɛna cɩɖɩ cɩɖɩ wɛʊ tɛ fɔɔfɔɔ lɩm mbʊ pañalɩɣna ñɔsɩ yɔ. Sakɩyɛ taa, ñɔsɩ fɔɔfɔɔ ŋgʊ kɩkɛ lɩm nɛ nabʊyʊ taa lɛ, palakɩ-kʊ nɛ kɩwɛ ɖoŋ kaŋ kaŋ yaa kɩkɛ pʊʊyʊʊ. Papɩzʊ pasaa-kʊ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ kɩwɛ kɔɖɩɩɩ naanʊm tɩyɛ. Kɩwazaɣ kɛlɛ se pañalɩna ñɔsɩ yaa paɖaanɩna-sɩ yaa ɖɔɖɔ pacanɩna-sɩ. Kɔ ndɩ ndɩ kɛ palakɩna ñɔsɩ ñalʊʊ fɔɔfɔɔ ŋgʊ nɛ kɩ-taa lɛ, kɔ naayɛ kʊʊ keteŋa yɔɔ mbʊ pʊcɔ-ɖʊ nɛ pɩta yɔ. Pʊyɔɔ kɛ pɩfɛyɩ camɩyɛ se ɛyʊ ɛkɩlʊ ñalʊʊ ɛ-ñɔsɩ nɛ fɔɔfɔɔna mba yaa paa ɛna ñɔsɩ fɔɔfɔɔ ŋgʊ lɛ, ɛkpaɣ se ɛñalɩɣna e-ñɔsɩ. Ñɔsɩ ñalʊʊ fɔɔfɔɔnaa nabayɩ ñeki ñɔsɩ kpɛzʊʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ñʊʊ tɔndʊ kpɛzaa yaa pɩlaba yeŋ.
Kasey Herbert kɛŋna kacalaɣ-tʊ weyi ɛsa ñɔsɩ ñalʊʊ fɔɔfɔɔ yɔ. Ñɔsɩ fɔɔfɔɔnaa mba ɛɛsaa yɔ, ɛpɛdaɣ-wɛ Lɔndɩɖɩ tɛtʊ taa, ɖenɖe palʊla-ɩ yɔ. Ɛ-fɔɔfɔɔ ñɔsɩ nzɩ, Sake Dean Mahomed kpaɣ nɛ ɛtʊlɩ nɛ faaɖɩ ñɔsɩ faaɖɩ nakʊyʊ kɛ Pirigitoni tɛtʊ taa pɩnaɣ 1814. Pɩɩkɛna feveku nakʊyʊ nɛ kɩñalɩɣna ñɔsɩ nɛ ñɔsɩ fɔɔfɔɔ ŋgʊ. Sake Dean Mahomed kɛ Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tʊ nɛ palʊla-ɩ Patna tɛtʊ taa. Ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkpaza ɛ-hɩɖɛ nɛ ɛsɔ taa nɛ ɛɛkɛ weyi ɛñalaɣ yaa ɛlakaɣ awiya GeorgeIV nɛ Guillaume IV yɔ pɔ-ñɔsɩ.
Ɛyʊ tɔnʊʊ tɔsɔɔlɩ se kɩ-yɔɔ mʊzʊʊ, asuluma yaa kʊdɔmɩŋ nɩɩyɛ ɛcaɣ kɩ-yɔɔ. Pʊyɔɔ paa ɛsɩmtaa kɩ-yɔɔ nɛ nɩkaɣ yaa lɩm wɩzʊ kɔyɔ kɔyɔ. Ŋ̃ɔsɩ fɔɔfɔɔ sɩŋna tɔnʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ se kɩ-yɔɔ ɛtaawɩlɩ wɔkɔyʊʊ nɛ kɩya sʊ sʊ. Kɩlakɩ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ wɛʊ lɛfɩɩɩ camɩyɛ. Nɖʊ tʊtʊ fɛyɩ ɖeu yɔ lɛ se, tomnaɣ ŋga kɔ-yɔ nɛ num kɔɖɩɩɩ yɔ, kɔɖɔkʊʊ asuluma tɩŋga. Tomnasɩ nzɩ, paacɔŋna sɩ-yɔɔ kɔyɔ, sipiyu mbʊ pʊiyɔɔ yɔ, mʊsʊʊ nɛ kɩ-taa kʊdɔmɩŋ sʊ tomnaɣ ŋga ka-taa. Peeɖe lɛ, piyeki pʊkɔna kʊdɔŋ.
Ñɔsɩ yɔɔ cɔnaʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa lɛ, sɩ-fɔɔfɔɔnaa ɖɔ sakɩyɛ. Palɩza fɔɔfɔɔnaa nabayɩ nɛ pɔsɔzʊʊ ñɔsɩ ñalʊʊ fɔɔfɔɔnaa panɛ pɔ-yɔɔ. Ñɔsɩ fɔɔfɔɔnaa pʊ yaɣ ñɩmbʊ wɛɛ nɛ kʊkʊ lɛ pamɩzʊ ñɔsɩ yɔɔ kpʊʊ kpʊʊ nɛ peseɣti-si. Fɔɔfɔɔ kʊnɛ kɩsɩŋna nɛ ñɔsɩ tɛɛ nʊm mbʊ pɩkɩla wɛʊ yɔ, pʊmʊʊ pazɩ. Fɔɔfɔɔ kʊnɛ k iyeki ɖɔɖɔ nɛ ɛyʊ ɛɛkɩlʊ ɛ-ñɔsɩ ñalʊ ɖoŋ ɖoŋ. Kabɩyɛ kɔ naayɛ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ pañalɩɣna ñɔsɩ. A-taa kɔyɔ : finɛgɩɖɩ, ñɔsɩ tɔlɩm ndɩ ndɩ, yala, tʊŋ nʊm nɛ akaŋgaanaa.
Akɩtɩnɩyɔm
Akɩtɩnɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛtɔʊʊ cɛnzɩ nɛ ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 89 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Ac. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ lɩna krɛkɩ kɩbɩnʊʊ kʊnʊŋ taa ἀκτίς, tɛ tɛ lɛ ἀκτῖνος (aktinos), pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se cɛnzɩ hɛʊʊ tɛ, pɩwɩlɩɣ se pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛwɛna mʊntʊsʊʊ. André-Louis Debierne nana pʊtʊ ɛnʊ pɩnaɣ 1899 kɛtɛɖaɣ tɛtʊ naa tɛ kalɩkɔdasɩ lɩm kisidim.
Akɩtɩnɩyɔm tomnaɣ yem kɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ kʊhʊlʊm liidiye tɩyɛ nɛ ɛwɛɛ ɖɔfɩɩ. Palɩzɩ-ɩ ʊranɩyɔm ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ naa taa kɛlɛ ɛɛɖɔʊʊ.
Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa akɩtɩnɩyɔm wɛna wɛtʊ kʊyʊmtʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ lantanɩ yɔ nɛ lantanɩdɩ waa lalaa yɔ, nɛ pʊwɛɛ kaɖɛ se patʊʊ ɛ nɛ pʊtʊnaa lalaa yee pohuyuu ʊranɩyɔm ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ kɔyɔ.
Akɩtɩnɩdɩ waa tɛ kajalaɣ pʊtʊ, akɩtɩnɩyɔm ha ɛ-hɩɖɛ lone, ɛzɩ lantanɩ haʊ ɛ-hɩɖɛ lantanɩdɩ waa yɔ. Akɩtɩnɩdɩ caɣyɛ nɛ lantanɩdɩ waa pɩtata nɛ pɩnaɣ 1928 Charles Janet lɩza lɩmaɣza keeke mbʊ ɛzɩ pɛlɛzɩ Dmitri Mendeleev caɣyɛ kpata ɖooo ɛzɩ patɩlɩɣ se lantanɩdɩ waa taa wɛ akɩtɩnɩdɩ waa yɔ. Pʊwayɩ kɛlɛ Glenn T. Seaborg tasɩ tisuu pɩyɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1945.
Teluuri
Teluuri kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 52 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Te. Teluuri pʊtʊ ɛnʊ pamaɣzɩ ɛ-tɔm pɩkɩlɩ pana-ɩ yɔ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1782 pɩtɩŋna Franz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein kɛ Transylvan ñɩɣlɩm sika tɛtʊ taa, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ sylvanite. Pɩtɩŋna Pál Kitaibel weyi ɛlaba tʊmɩyɛ nɛ miŋ nzʊlɩmɩyɛ, palɩza-ɩ ndeke lɛ pɩtɩŋna Martin Heinrich Klaproth, ɛnʊ weyi ɛya-ɖɩ latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ se tellurium pɩnaɣ 1798. Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ paya-ɩ nɛ Ɛnglɩsɩ kʊnʊŋ taa ɖɔɖɔ se Tellurium. Hɩɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlɩna latɛŋ halɩñɩŋʊ kʊnʊŋ taa se tellus, telluris, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se Tɛtʊ.
Yee ŋfeza teluuri helim kɔyɔ pʊkɔŋnaŋ ɖonɖomuu kʊdɔŋ, ñʊʊ holuu nɛ ɖakʊʊ nɛ pɩkpɛndɩna ndoma wɩlɩɣ nɛ pɩlakɩŋ ñɩɣlɩm sɔɔlʊʊ tɩyɛ. Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛyʊ efeza-ɩ ŋñɩɩ, ɛ-tɛ feziŋ alɩwaatʊ lɛ, e-tomnaɣ lɩɣ sɔŋ ɛzɩ ayoo yɔ. Etukina ɛsɩyɛ kɔyɔ, ɛsɩyɛ sɛʊ cɩɩɩ nɛ ɛsa wɩɣ. Ɛyʊ eliba yɔ e-lotu wɩɣ, pusuyu-ɩ nɛ pɩtamna tɔtʊ.
Pɩsa nɛ ɛpɩzɩ ɛwazɩ ɛyaa lɛ, ɛ-tɛ ɖɔʊ makɩna 0,1 mg/m3 helim taa (ACGIH 1999). Ɛ-tɛ wondu sakɩyɛ wɛ sɔtʊ, nɛ pɩkɔŋna kaɖɛ hɔyɛ nɛ ɛyʊ hɛkʊ taa fitenum. Palakaɣ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ pɩtalɩ tɔnɩ waa 250 pɩnaɣ taa nɛ tɔnɩ waa 1000 pɩnaɣ taa, ɛlɛ pʊlɔŋ nɛ kuwiviri nɛ sɛlɛnɩyɔm cajaasɩ taa palɩza-ɩ.
Pɩnzɩ 1990 taa lɛ, ajɛyɛ naanza cɔŋanaɣ teluuri tʊma labʊ yɔɔ, ana yɔ Etaazuunii, Kanadaa, SJapɔŋ nɛ Peruu. Pɩnaɣ taa kɩlabɩm yee pɩkpɛndɩna sɛlɩnɩyɔm kɔyɔ, pɩlʊʊ taa ɖɩnaɣ se pɩtalɩ tɔnɩ waa 1000, ɛlɛ tɔnɩ kʊyʊmʊ yakaɣ liidiye 1200. Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ yɔɔ lʊɖaa, Elias Anton Cappelen Smith wayi tɩŋyaa, papa lɩza-ɩ kuwiviri nazɩyʊ peɣɖe ahʊya ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ mununu taa.
Nevadaa
Nevadaa kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. Nevadaa taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Carson City nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ nɛ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Las Vegas.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Utaa nɛ Arizonaa, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ lɛ Kalɩfɔrnii piyele nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Oregɔnii ne Idahoo. Pamaza Nevadaa ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 286 351 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 284 378 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 1 973 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 0,7 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 36 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 31 ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1864. Pɩnaɣ 2016 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 2 940 058 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 35 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa.
Payaɣ Nevadaa ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Brian Sandoval (R) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Catherine Cortez Masto (D) nɛ Dean Heller (R). Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ Eŋgilisi. Ɛlɛ siŋŋŋ taa lɛ, komina maɣmaɣ tatɩɩ hada nɔɔ camɩyɛ se aŋgilisi kɛŋna kɩ-kʊnʊŋ.
Manɩyɛ
Manɩyɛ yaa mana kɛna ɖozi nzɩ pahayʊ pɩtɛ piye yaa pee yɔɔ yaa hatʊ yɔɔ yɔ. Afrika taa kɛ pacala mana tɔɔʊ nɛ a-haɖaʊ pʊcɔ nɛ a-tɔyɩ ajɛya kpeekpe taa. Ɛlɛ ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ ajɛya wena akɩlɩɣ-ɛ haɖaʊ yaa tɔɔʊ yɔ, a-taa kɔyɔ: Ɛndɩ, Naajeeriya, Pakistaani, Kanaa, Peenɛɛ nɛ Egipiti. Ajɛya lɛɛna hayʊ mana ɖɔɖɔ ɛlɛ pɩtakɩlɩ ɖɔʊ siŋŋŋ ɛzɩ ajɛya anɛ yɔ.
Mana wɛ lɔɔɔ lɔɔɔ nɛ naayɛ ɖaɣlaa akɩlɩ lɛɛna nɛ naayɛ kɩlɩ lɛɛna ɖɔɖɔ kigiŋ. Mana naayɛ yɔɔ wɛ sɔɔɔ ñɔɔɔ nɛ pʊcɔ pokoyi-ɛ lɛ pɩwɛɛ se ɛyʊ esuu e-nesi nabʊyʊ. Maayʊ pɩzʊ kɩɖalɩ nɛ kɩ-ɖaɣlakɩŋ taa talɩ ɛzɩ mɛtanaa naalɛ nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ yɔ. Mana naayɛ wɛɛ nɛ apɩzʊ awɛɛ lʊlʊ yɔɔ pɩnzɩ sakɩyɛ yee poɖu-ɛ nikaɣ taa kɔyɔ nɛ mana ana a-yɔɔ loza kpɛdɛ kpɛdɛ nɛ a-tɩŋ lɩʊ pilinzi ñɔɔɔ. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, mana ana awɛ sotu kamaɣ fɛyɩ pɩkɩlɩ lɛɛna.
Kaaʊ
Kaaʊ kɛna wondu kɩmamanam ndʊ tikpeɣla com nɛ tɩwɛɛ ɖoŋ kaŋkaŋ yɔ. Wondu ndʊ potolubu-tʊ kulubu ɛlɛ tɩwɛ ilemiye yɔɔ ɖooo kiɖe tɛɛ. Pɩkɛna ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ ndɩu tikpeɣlaa yɔ, kpɛlɩ pɩyɛ tatasɩ nzɩ sɩma com ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. Pɩkɛna ɖɔɖɔ afɩya yaa ahɔya acaza. Nabʊyʊ taa lɛ kaaŋ ɩnʊ ɩlɩɣna tɛtɛɛ kpɩnandʊ ndʊ tɩwɛɛ nɛ tɩwɛ ɖɔɖɩɩɩ yɔ tɩ-taa. Kpɩnandʊ ndʊ, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɛtʊ maɣmaɣ feveku sʊʊtʊ camɩyɛ yɔ, tiyolu nɛ tɩmʊ miŋ nɛ tɩyɔkɩ tɩlɩna awayɩ. Tɛtʊ ñabɩ yɔɔ peeɖe, heɣlim makɩ-tʊ lɛ tiyele tikii nɛ tɩkpa ɖoŋ kaŋkaŋ. Kaaŋ wɛ nabʊlɛ taa: nɩɩyɛ taa lɛ, tomnaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ ɖeke wɛna piyele lɛɛŋ taa lɛ tomnasi pɩzʊ pʊɖɔɔ. Tomnasi nzɩ, sɩ-taa kɔyɔ: ihosiye nɖi payaɣ-ɖɩ se kalɩkɛɛɖɩ yɔ, lɛɛɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ ɖɩɖɩ se maɖɩbrɩ yɔ, kʊwaɖɩsi, ñɛsɩ, kiɖaniti yaa ɖɔɖɔ pazalɩti. Ɛlɛ kaaŋ pɩlʊ cɔlʊ wɛ kaɖɛ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, paɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ wɛɛ nɛ pʊwɛɛ se patɩŋna tɩ-yɔɔ yaa pañam-tʊ pʊcɔ. Paanɛ mbʊ yɔ, kaaŋ wɛna wɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ ndʊ papɩzʊ patɩŋna tɩ-yɔɔ nɛ patɩlɩ-ɩ yɔ. Kacalaɣ taa lɛ, kaaŋ wɛ ɖoŋ kaŋkaŋ nɛ i-tomnasi malɩna ɖama cɩncɩŋ. Kaaŋ ɩnʊ payaɣ yem se pɛɛ yaa ɛwaɣ. Tomnasi nzɩ sɩ-taa kɔyɔ: maɖɩbrɩ nɛ kɩɖaniti. •	Nabʊlɛ lɛ, kaaŋ nɩɩyɛ putuu yem ɛzɩ ewesiye yɔ nɛ ɛyʊ pɩzʊ epuutina ɛ-cɩkpaŋ. Kaaŋ ɩnʊ payaɣ se kpambʊyɩŋ. •	Kaaŋ nɩɩyɛ ñɛwɛ kɔɖɩɩɩ nɛ payaɣ-ɩ se cʊʊ. •	Kañɩŋa wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. •	Kalɩkɛɖɩ wɛ. •	Nɩɩyɛ ñololaa yaa ɩkɛnana heɣlimaɣ nɛ nabʊyʊ taa ɩnʊ pakpakʊ palɩkɩna miŋ nɩɩyɛ.
Manɩyɛ
Pehilu mana hatʊ ɖɔɖɔ. Papɩzɩɣ pehilɩ-ɛ nɛ lɛŋ yaa pele pɩwɩlɩ nɛ pʊcɔ pehili, mbʊ payaɣ se mawɩlasɩ. Papɩzɩɣ pele a-hatʊ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ tɩhɩlɩ kʊɖʊɖʊ pʊcɔ pehili-tʊ, mbʊ payaɣ se maatʊkɩwɩtʊ. Pahayɩ-ɛ nɛ a-ɖoŋ tɛ alʊlʊ ñɩɩɩ ñɩɩɩ nɛ pukuli nɛ payaa se maatɔkɔyɩsɩ. Papɩzɩɣ pehilɩ-sɩ nɛ lɛŋ yaa pele pɩwɩlɩ nɛ pʊcɔ pehili, nɛ paa lɛŋ yaa pɩɩwɩlaa kɔyɔ, payaɣ pɩtɩŋga se maatɔkɔyɩsɩ. Yee pɩkɛ nikaɣ ŋgbaʊ taa ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛzɩʊ kɔyɔ, pɩwɛɛ se ɛhɔkɩ-ɛ anwa huyuu taa nɛ ɛzɩ ɛlɛ pɩtaaɖɛ kɩyakɩŋ naalɛ yɔɔ se pʊcɔ ɛɛlɩzɩ-ɛ se ɛhilɩ. Papizʊ pɔtɔɔ mana nɛ lɛŋ yaa patɩzɩ pʊcɔ. Ɖozi nzɩ pahiluna mana nɛ pɩwɛɛ camɩyɛ yɔ sɩɖɔɔ nɛ sɩ-taa kɔyɔ: tɩmaatɩ, kaabʊ, hɛɛ, kpɛnzʊʊ kpoyuu ŋgʊ, akaŋgaa, fayʊ yaa ñandʊ, katɛʊ. Papɩzʊ pehilina paa nandʊ ndʊ, lɩm ñɩndʊ yaa kuɖoŋgutu yaa ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ kpakpasɩ kɩwɩsɩ yaa lɩm ñɩnzɩ; sɔsɔsɩ yaa cikpesi. Kʊdɔŋ yaa kʊdɔmɩŋ weyi nabʊyʊ taa pɩkɛna ɛzɩ aleewaa kʊdɔŋ yɔ nɛ peeɖe lɛ ɛyʊ tɔkɩ-ɛ nɛ lɛŋ. Ajɛya naayɛ taa, ɛzɩ Kotidiivuwaarɩ taa mbʊ yɔ, pɔtɔkɩ mɔʊ nɛ mana ɖozi. Mana pɩzʊ awaa kʊdɔmɩŋ nɩɩyɛ sakɩyɛ ɛzɩ naŋgbatɩŋila yɔ.
Jawaharlal Nehru
Jawaharlal Nehru kɛna Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛz ɖɔkɩyʊ nɔɔyʊ nɛ palʊla-ɩ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 14 pɩnaɣ 1889 nɛ ɛsɩ Niudeeli tɛtʊ taa kɛ agoza fenaɣ 27 pɩnaɣ 1964 ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 74. Ɛɛlʊba pɩnzɩ sakɩyɛ se Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɛwɛɛ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ nɛ pʊkɔɔ pɩla mbʊ nɛ ɛkɛ peeɖe komina ñʊʊtʊ kpɣna kɩyɛna fenaɣ 15 pɩnaɣ 947 pʊkɔɔ pɩtalɩ ɛ-sɩm wiye.
Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛɛkɛ kewiyaɣ ñʊʊtʊ mbʊ yɔ, pɩnzɩ 17 taa, ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ñʊndɩna tɛ ketiizaɣ ñɔɔzʊ caca lɛ ɛ-tɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ lɩʊ. Jawaharlal Nehru lʊba nɛ Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ñɩɩtʊ lubu nɛ haɖaʊ tʊmɩyɛ pazɩ pɩɖɛɛ nɛ ɛsɩnda.
Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛɛkɛ kewiyaɣ ñʊʊdʊ mbʊ yɔ ɛɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ ministrɩ weyi ɛcɔŋna taabalɩyɛ nɛ ɛsɩnda wobu yɔ. Ɛɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ ministrɩ weyi ɛcɔŋgaɣna koozaɣ nɛ liidiye yɔ pʊyɔɔ fenaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ kpaɣna lɛlaɣ fenaɣ 1958 pɩsɩɩna lakɩŋ fenaɣ 1958. Nehru kaakɛ ministrɩ weyi ɛcɔŋna ɛjɛɖɛ yɔɔ kandɩyʊ kɛ kpaɣ aloma fenaɣ 31 pɩnaɣ 1962 pɩsɩɩna kamɩŋ fenaɣ 14 pɩnaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ ŋga ka-taa. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se kpɩtaŋ naalɛ ɖeke ɛlaba.
Siuu siuu tɛ Krɩstʊ samaɣ
Sɩlavɩ ajɛyɛ taa kiŋ:
Siuu siuu cɔɔcɩ naa laɣ kɩlaŋ pɩlɩna sɔnzɩ kagbanzɩ ndɩ ndɩ yɔɔ (byzantin, arménien, antiochien, chaldéen nɛ alexandrien), Pakalʊʊ Ɛsɔ Tɔm takayaɣ nɛ kɩlaŋ tɔm ajɛyɛ taa nɔɔnɔɔ kʊnʊmɩŋ taa yaa kɩbɩnjaazɩ kʊnʊmɩŋ taa (arameni kʊnʊŋ taa, arameni cɔɔlɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa, Krɛkɩ Ɛsɔ tɔm takayaɣ kʊnʊŋ, Sɩlavɩ kɩbɩnʊʊ kʊnʊŋ taa ɖɔɖɔ.
Idahoo
Idahoo kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. Idahoo taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Puwazii nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ Arakanzaa nɛ tɩta yɔ tɩkpɛnda looɖo nɛ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, Wasiŋtɔŋ nɛ Oreegɔnɩ, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ, Nevadaa nɛ Utaa, wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Montanaa nɛ Wayiyoomiŋ.
Pamaza Idahoo ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 216 499 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ɖɔɔ nɛ pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 2 133 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 0,98 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe maɣna ɛzɩ 214 499 km2 yɔ. Etaazunii ajɛya kpeekpe taa lɛ, Idahoo kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɛ 14 nɖɛ kɛ walanaɩ taa yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 43 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ ɛvalaa fenaɣ naatozo wiye pɩnaɣ 1890. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 1 567 582 yɔ. Peeɖe pʊŋ kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ taa maɣna ɛzɩ mɛtanaa 1 524 yɔ nɛ pamaaza pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɩla kʊyʊʊ yɔ lɛ pɩkpɛnda mɛtanaa 3 859 nɛ ŋgʊ lɛ Poraa. Piyele pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɩla ñɩɩ yɔ, kʊkʊ kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ taa ñamaɣna mɛtanaa 216.
Payaɣ Idahoo ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se: David Ige (D) nɛ ɛ-tɛ komina yɔɔ cɔnayaa kɛ payaɣ se Brian Schatz (D) nɛ Mazie HHirona (D).
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-ɩ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ ŋgʊ lɛ aŋgilisi. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Puwaawii nɛ ndʊ ɖɔɖɔ taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ.
Charlotte Brontë
Palʊla Charlotte Brontë kɛ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kʊɖumʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1816 kɛ Tɔmtonii tɛtʊ taa, Aŋgletɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛsɩba ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa kɛ lakɩŋ fenaɣ 31 pɩnaɣ 1855 ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 38. Charlotte Brontë kɛ takayɩsɩ mayʊ nɛ aŋgilisi kʊnʊŋ taa kɛ ɛmaɣna. Payaɣ ɛ-caa se Patrick Brontë nɛ ɛnʊ kɛŋna naatozo-tʊ pɩya loɖo taa. Ɛ-pɩcatʊ taa kɛ e-ɖoo sɩba nɛ pɩcɛɣɖɛ kʊdɔŋ salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 15 pɩnaɣ 1821 nɛ ɛ-kɔɔnaa naalɛ ñasɩbɩna nɛ kpeziwilaɣ kʊdɔŋ.
Ɛ-caa ɖɔkɩna-wɛ kaaka nɛ ɛkɔɔ ɛtalɩ sukuli kjɩtɛzʊʊ taa. Pɛwɛ kʊñɔŋ taa nɛ ɛfɛyɩna liidiya sakɩyɛ ɛlɛ ɛcɛyɩ ɛ-tɩ nɛ ɛpɩzɩ ɛla esusi ɛtɛ keɣsi nɛ ɛ-kɔɔna ñɩma pɩnaɣ 1846. Pɩtɩŋɛ mbʊ yɔ, abala hɩla kɛ ɛɖʊwa. Ɛma takayaɣ sɔsɔwav nakayɩ, Jane Eyre, nɛ kapɩsɩ cɔlɩɩɩ takayɩsɩ kɩkalasɩ mayaa kɛ wɛɛ naayɛ taa takayɩsɩ kɩmamasɩ taa kɛ kedeŋga kpeekpe yɔɔ. Pɩsa nɛ papɩzɩ pala po-sukuli lɛ, pɩnaɣ 1824 pa-caa wona-wɛ Kowan Briiji sukuli taa.
Sukuli kʊnɛ kɩmʊʊ ɛsɔtɔm wɩlɩyaa mba pɛwɛ tanɩm taa yɔ pepiya. Sukuli ŋgʊ kɩ-taa pawɩlʊʊ camɩyɛ ɛlɛ paalakɩ tɔɔnasɩ camɩyɛ, palakɩ-sɩ nɛ kʊzɔɔtʊ kamaɣ fɛyɩ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ-kɔɔnaa nɛ ɛ-kɔɔnaa naalɛ, Maria nɛ Elizabeth, pasɩbɩna kpeziwilaɣ kʊdɔŋ. Lɛlʊ sɩba ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ looɖo wiye nɛ lɛlʊ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ 15 wiye pɩnaɣ 1824. Pʊyɔɔ kɛ palɩza Charlotte nɛ Emily nɛ powona-wɛ Hawɔrtii tɛtʊ taa.
Siŋŋ ñʊŋ (tʊʊzʊʊ)
Palakɩ siŋŋ ñʊŋ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ paa mbʊ pɩ-taa kpaɣ ɛzɩ wondu liidiye, wɛɛ ɖalakɩŋ, kʊkʊyʊmɩŋ, pɩyʊ kɔtɩɩ waa yuŋ, tɩyɩnka ŋga kakɩlɩ-ɖʊ ñɔtɩnaʊ yɔ tɛ posinau nɛ ɛyaa. Palakɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ siŋŋ masɩ paa ɖooye kpaɣ ɛzɩ tɔsʊʊ huu nɔmɔʊ taa, anasaayɩ ñɩɣtʊ yɔɔ tʊma taa, tʊʊzʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa,tomnasi ɖɔnɛ nɔmɔʊ taa yaa tʊma sɔsɔna tambasɩ lɩzɩyaa hɔɔlɩŋ taa.
Pɩkpaɣ nɛ kpaɣɖʊ 17 hɔɔlʊʊ kɩlɛlʊ alɩwaatʊ taa kɛ Isaac Newton nɛ Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz poluba tʊʊzʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ lɛɛkʊ. Paya-ɩ mbʊ lɛ se wiluu nɛ takʊʊ tɛ, ŋgʊ ɖooo paayaɣa-ɩ kpaagbaa ŋñɩɩ akɔnta. Pɩ-tɛ piliŋa ŋga katɩ caŋ kapaɣlɩ lɔŋ lɔŋ nɛ kapɩsɩ nɔmɔŋ kɩwɩlɩɣ nakʊyʊ siŋ kadeŋa kpeekpe taa, Newtone lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɔm. Pɩ-tɛ nɔmɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa tɔm pɔzɩtʊ yeba nɛ pehiɣ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kɩbanɖɛ naɖɩyɛ mbʊ se pana se tɛtʊ cɔʊna wɩsɩ naa yaa pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ.
Ɛndɩ
Ɛɛndɩ, payaɣ se pɩɖaɣlɩ yɔ, pɔtɔŋ se, Ɛɛndɩ tɛtʋ. Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ wɛ Aazii tɛtʋ wandamm taa. Ɖɩmʋ tɛtʋ sakɩyɛ Aazii tɛtʋ ńdʋ tɩ-taa.
Kedeŋga yɔɔ cɩnɛ, Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ naalɛ n̄ɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-ɛyaa kɩlɩ ɖɔʋ yɔ. Walanzɩ hɔɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, ɖɩkɛ ɛjaɖɛ lʋbɛ n̄ɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɩlɩ walʋʋ yɔ. Ɖɩcɔlɩ teŋgu nɛ pɩɖɛɛ ɛzɩ kilomɛtɛnaa kudokiŋ lʋbɛ mbʋ yɔ. Ɖɩnɛ Pakisitaanɩ ɛjaɖɛ pasɩna ɖama kamaɣ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Hayi kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, ɖɩ nɛ Siini nɛ Neepalɩ nɛ Buutanɩ ajɛɛ pasɩŋnɩ ɖama kamasɩ. Nɛ Baŋgɩlaadɛɛsɩ ɛjaɖɛ n̄aasɩɩ-ɖɩ nɛ kamaɣ hayi kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, ɖɩ nɛ Biirimaanɩ ɛjaɖɛ pasɩŋnɩ ɖama kamaɣ. Ɛɛndɩ teŋgu hɔɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, ɖɩn̄ɔtɩna Malidiivi ɛjaɖɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Hadɛ kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, ɖɩ nɛ Siri Lanka nɛ Ɛndonezi ajɛɛ pɔn̄ɔtɩŋna ɖama. Hayi kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, Ɛɛndɩ caɣ se, ɖɩ nɛ Afɩgaanisitaŋ pasɩɩnɩ ɖama kamaɣ.
Sɔnzɩ nzɩ sɩkɩlɩ leɖuu kedeŋga yɔɔ cɩnɛ yɔ, Ɛɛndɩ n̄ɩnzɩ wɛ sɩ-taa. Kpaɣ ɖooo pɩnzɩ 5000 pʋcɔ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ lɛ, Ɛɛnduusi kajalaŋa taa sɔnzɩ kɛtɛma wɛʋ. Kewiisi sɔsɔsɩ sɔsɔsɩ wɛ Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Nɛ ɖooo kɩbɩŋjaazɩ alɩwaatʋ taa sɩpɩlɩ pɩlaaɣ tadɛ haba yɔɔ. Ɛsɔ tɛɛ luŋguu aŋgba sɔsɔna naanza wɛna Ɛɛdɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ŋkpaɣ ɖooo ɖɩn̄ɔʋ yɔ. Aŋgba sɔsɔna ana, anaa yɔ : Ɛnduuyizim nɛ Jayiniizim nɛ Buudiyizm nɛ Siikizim. Ɛlɛ, wayɩ nɛ wayɩ alɩwaatʋ taa lɛ, aŋgba cikpena n̄ɔn̄ɔ. Anaa yɔ : Zoroyasɩtirizim nɛ Kristiyanizim nɛ Iizilaam. Ɛɛndɩ Ɛngilisi ŋgbɛyɛ kamʋna Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ pʋcɔ Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ cɔŋna ɖɩ-yɔɔ waaɣ hiu nɛ nakʋ n̄ɩŋga taa. Ɖajaa Mahatma Gandhi lʋbɩna siŋŋ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ, ɖɩlɩɩ yomiye taa pɩnaɣ 1947 n̄ɩŋga taa. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1950 n̄ɩŋga taa ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩpɩsɩ kedeŋga yɔɔ cɩnɛ ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-taa loma kaɖasɩm kɩlɩ lɩʋ yɔ.
Tɔsʋʋ nʋmɔʋ taa lɛ, sɔnɔ Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ hiu n̄ɩnɖɛ nɖɩ mbʋ payaɣ se PIB yɔ, pʋ-hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Nɛ yabʋ nʋmɔʋ taa PIB hɔɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, ɖɩkɛ ɛjaɖɛ naanza n̄ɩnɖɛ. Ansaayɩ n̄ɩɣtʋ ndɩ ndɩ lubu (lubutu) nʋmɔʋ taa lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ, ɖɩkɛ kɩfaɖɛ. Ɛlɛ, ɛyʋ katɩɣ kala ndɩ ndɩ naayɛ ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-taa, ɛzɩ kʋn̄ɔndʋtʋ nɛ takayaɣ kɩɩsɩmtʋ nɛ mulum yaa ɛyʋ peɣzuu mbʋ yɔ.
Kʋnʋmɩŋ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ ɩ-maʋ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ ndɩ ndɩ Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɖɩnaɣ ɖɔɖɔ Ɛsɔ tɛɛ luŋuu aŋgba ndɩ ndɩ ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-taa.
=Ɖi-liɖe= =Ɖɩ-tɔm=
Ɖi-yomiye taa lɩʊ
=Politiki tɔm=
Ɖɩ-yɔɔ kandayʊʊ
=Samaɣ ̃nʊʊ=
Tɔnʊʊ taa alaafɩya
=Sɔnzɩ=
Kazandʋ ndɩ ndɩ
=Mayaɣ= =Takayɩhayʊʊ tɛɛ tɔm nɛ tɩ-ɖɩnayɛ= =ɩcɔna ɖɔɖɔ=
Harare
Harare kɛna Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ Zimbabuwe ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ. Pɩnaɣ 2007 taa paakalɩ ɛyaa kɛ tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa lɛ, paakpɛnda ɛyaa 2 800 111. Tɛtʋ tʋnɛ tɩwalanzɩ taa makɩɣna 96 060.
Ɖooo lɛ tɛtʋ tʋnɛ ɛyaa mba payawaɣ-wɛ se Sona (Shonas) yɔ mba kaawɛna peeɖe. Ɛyaa panɛ pakpakaɣ-wɛ ɖɔdɔ ɩzɩ Neharawa (Ne-Hararawa) nɛ pʋtɔbʋʋ se weyi eeɖou yɔ. Pʋkʋma lɛ, you sɔsɔʋ nakʋyʋ lɩɩ peeɖe cejewa hɛkʋ taa nɛ cejewa wena payaɣ-yɛ se Guca (Gutsa) yɔ awa you ŋgʋ nɛ aɖɔɔnɩ Sonawaa nɛ alɛ wolo acaɣ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se Zambii yɔ ɖɩ-tɛ pʋŋ sɔsɔŋ taa.
Ɛzɩ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ lɛɛtʋ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, Harare nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʋ ɖʋ taabalɩyɛ nɛ palakɩ tʋm kʋɖʋma se tɔsʋʋ nɛ ɛsɩnda wobu ɛɖɛɛna poliŋ. Tɛtʋ ndʋ yɔ: Kazaŋ (Ruusii), Notiŋgam (Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ), Munisi (Caama), Pirato nɛ Lago (Italii).
Vasco da Gama
Vasco da Gama kɛ Pɔrtigalɩ tʊ. Palʊla-ɩ ɛzɩ pɩnaɣ 1469 yɔ kɛ Sini tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛsɩ saŋgayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 24 wiye pɩnaɣ 1524 kɛ Ɛndɩ tɛtʊ taa. Ɛkɛna lɩm yɔɔ nʊmɔwoɖʊ nɛ ɛnʊ kɛna kacalaɣ tʊ weyi ɛtalɩ Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 1498 yɔ. Ɛɛtɩŋna Kap de Pɔɔnɩ Ɛsɩperansɩ. Ɛ-caa kɛ Pɔrɩtigalɩ tʊ nɛ payaɣ-ɩ se Estêvão de Gama nɛ e-ɖoo kɔyɔ d'Isabel Sodré nɛ ɛlɛ kɛ Aŋgilisi tʊ. Ɛ-ñɩma wɛna abalɩpɩya kagbanzɩ. Mbayɔ: Paulo da Gama, João Sodré, Vasco de Gama, Pedro da Gama nɛ Buenos da Gama nɛ halɩbʊwa kʊɖʊmaɣ: Teresa da Gama.
Mbʊ pasɩma Vasco da Gama pɩcatʊ yɔɔ yɔ pɩtakɩlɩ ɖɔʊ ɛlɛ pɩwɛ ɛzɩ Pɔrɩtigalɩ caanaʊ tɔm mayʊ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Teixeira de Aragão yɔ, ɛtɔŋ se Vasco da Gama laba akɔnta nɛ lɩm yɔɔ ɖɔm sukuli kɛ Evora tɛtʊ taa. Ɛkpɛlɩka tinzɩ ɖɔnɛ wɛtʊ kɛ Abraham Zacuto cɔlɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1480 taa Santiyago wiyao, Jean II ya Vasco da Gama nɛ ɛɖʊ-ɩ tʊmɩyɛ se ewolo Setubali kitiiliŋ yɔɔ nɛ Algravi nɛ ɛkpa Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ kpɩyɩŋ weyi ɛwɛɛɛɖʊzʊ Pɔrtigalɩ lanhɛzɩ alɩwaatʊ taa yɔɔ. Kpɛdɛɛ taa mbʊ yɔ Vasco da Gama tɛma tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ labʊ.
Pɩnaɣ 1497 taa Pɔrtigalɩ ɛjaɖɛ wiyao, Henri le Navigateur tiya Vasco da Gama kaawɛ kpɩyɩŋ naanza nɔɔ yɔɔ nɛ ewolo Afrika kitiiliŋ yɔɔ nɛ ekuu ñɩm mbʊ ɛnaɣ yɔ. Ñɩm mbʊ pɩtaa kɔyɔ: sika, yomaa, tuŋ kela, tɩŋ kɔɖɩyɛ, sʊsɩ ndɩ ndɩ.
Abeti Masikini
Ɛ-tɛɛ wendu tɛu taa wɛ ɖeu nɛ payɛ nɖɩ ɛpaɣ yɔ ɖɩnɩɩzɩna Koŋgoo taa sɔnzɩ payɛ; pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ hendu ndʊ eteu yɔ tɩtɔzʊ mbʊ pɩɩwɛ ɖeu nɛ pɩtɛma ɖɛʊ yɔ. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ mbʊ mbʊ pɩwɛ ɖeu nɛ pɩsɔzʊ ɛyʊ lɔŋ camɩyɛyɔ nɖʊ eteu.
Jean-Pierre Finant nɛ e-tɛɛ asɛyʊ Marie Masikini palʊlɩna Abeti Masikini nɛ paya-ɩ se Elisabeth finant. Palʊla-ɩ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ nakʊ ñɩŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1954 kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Stanleyivilli yɔ kɛ Kisaŋginii, Koŋgoo ɛjaɖɛ taa. Palʊla-wɛ pɛkpɛnda pɩya litoozo nɛ pɛfɛyɩ kʊñɔŋ nakʊyʊ taa. Ɖooo pɩcatʊ taa kɛ ɛ-caa kpɛlɛka-ɩ piano mabʊ nɛ ɛɛwɛ ɖɔɖɔ kɛ peeɖe katolika ŋgbɛyɛ taa hendu teyaa taa.
Ɛpazʊ hendu teu camɩyɛ yɔ pɩɩkɛna alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛkatɩ Togo ɛjaɖɛ taa-tʊ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Gérard Akueson yɔ (ɛlɛ ñaakɛ hendu teyu weyi payaɣ ɛlɛ se Bella Bellow yɔ ɛtɛ tatasɩ lɩzɩyʊ nɛ paawoba Kinsasa peeɖe). Powoba peeɖe mbʊ lɛ ɛsɔɔlɩ se ɛnɛ-wɛ pɛkpɛndɩ pala amʊʊzɛɛ ɛlɛ pɩɩcɔʊ. Pɩla mbʊ nɛ Gérard Akueson heyi-i se pɩwayɩ lɛ ewoki peeɖe ɛmaɣmaɣ ɛ-yɔɔ nɛ pɩla mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛsɛʊ hɩɖɛ se Abeti Masikini yɔ pɩtɛkɛ nabʊyʊ yem: pɩɩkɛna Mobutu alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ pɩkɛna kɩcɛyʊ se ɛyʊ esɛʊ hɩɖɛ kɔyɔ pɩkɛna ɛ-tɛ kʊnʊŋ taa hɩɖɛ.
Ñɩɣlɩm tɔʊʊ
N̄ɩɣlɩm tɔɔʋ (mine) N̄ɩɣlɩm ɖihuyiye kɛ nabɛyɛ yaa sakɩyɛ n̄ayaɣ size n̄ɣlɩm tɔɔʋ. N̄ɣlɩm tɔɔʋ yaa n̄ɣlɩm ɖihuyiye pɩzʋʋ pʋwɛɛna kutoliŋ yaa tɔbɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ. Mbʋ yɔ, panaɣ yaa pɔyɔɔdʋ n̄ɩɣlɩm mbʋ pʋtɔm kɛ tʋma ndɩ ndɩ taa. Tʋma ndɩ ndɩ ɖɩlaɖɛ taa lɛ, ɛzɩ payaɣʋ nɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "industrie" yɔɔ lɛ, n̄ɩɣlɩm tɔɔʋ yaa n̄ɩɣlɩm ɖihuyiye kɛna lone yaa hɔɔlʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa pɛcɛsʋ pɔʋʋ wandamm nɛ pɩwalɩ tɛtʋ tɛɛ cʋlʋlʋ. Pɩtɛ pɔʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa kɛ pohuyuu nɛ palɩzɩʋʋ n̄ɩɣlɩm tɛtʋ ɛzɩ payaɣʋ nɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "minerai" yɔ tɛ wondunaa. N̄ɩɣlɩm tɛtʋ (minerai) wondunaa mba, mba ɛyaa yaa n̄ɩnɩyaa sakɩyɛ sɩma yaa tɩlaa nɛ payaɣ hɩla ndɩ ndɩ. N̄ɩɣlɩm tɛtʋ ndʋʋ yɔ : n̄ɩɣtʋ ñɩɣɖɛ, nɛ ñɩɣlɩm sika, nɛ kwivri, nɛ pɩtasɩna uraniyɔm. Pɔʋʋ ŋgʋ, papɩzʋʋ pohuyi kɩ-taa peɖe ɖɔɖɔ kɛ, mala yaa mamacɩɣɖɛ.
Sɔɔjɛtʋ tʋmɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, ŋnɩwa yaa pɔtɔma size "mine" nɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa taa kɔyɔ, caŋgɩ ŋnɩ size pukutolu size, kɩmɛzʋʋ kuɖoɖou yaa malɩfa yaa hɔzʋʋ kɩmɩzʋʋ. Pepiŋ kɩmɩzɩŋ lɛɛŋ tɛtɛ nɛ lɛɛŋ lɛ, pɛpɛɖʋ ɛlɛ tɛtʋ yɔɔ yem. Ɛlɛ, ɖɩɖɔkɩ size kɩmɩzɩŋ ɛnʋ, lɔɔɖa ɛlɛdʋ kɔyɔ amɩzʋʋ kaahɛzaɣ. Kɩmɩzɩŋ lɛɛŋ lɛ, ɛlɛ n̄ɛwɛʋ lɩm tɛɛ nɛ panana-ɩ yaa ɛsɩʋna nɛ pana lɩm tɛɛ mɛlɛnaa sɔsaɣ you mba. Tɔm matʋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, "mine" kɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa kɛnɛ tɔlɩm kɩmamanam mbʋ pɩlʋʋ takayɩ hayʋʋ yɔɔ yɔ. Nakaŋ sɩm yaa yɔɔ tɔm tɩlʋʋ kpɛlɛkʋʋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, payaɣna Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa "mine" pʋmʋna size ɛyʋ ɛnɩɩ mbʋ payaɣna fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "mineuses" was pɔ-tɔm. Lɔŋ yaa lɛɣtʋ sɩɣzʋʋ nʋmɔʋ sɔsɔʋ taa kɛ matʋ sɔsɔtʋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, patʋla sukuli naa sɔsaɣ sakɩyɛ kɛ fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa nɛ palakɩ matʋ sukuli (écoles des mines).
Tɔŋkɩsɩtɛnɩ
Tɔŋkɩsɩtɛnɩ kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 74 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ W (pɩlɩna Caama tʊ Wolfram yɔɔ). Ɛ-hɩɖɛ anasaayɩ nɖɛ lɩna Sʊyɛdɩ kʊnʊŋ taa tung (pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se yuŋ) nɛ sten (pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se pɩyɛ) nɛ pi-kpeekpe pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se pɩyɛ yuŋ ñɩnɖɛ. Pana tɔnkɩsɩtɛnɩ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ naa sakɩyɛ taa ɛzɩ wolframite nɛ scheelite pa-taa. Tɔnkɩsɩtɛnɩ tomnaɣ yem kɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ kɩɖɛzʊʊ weyi ɛwɛ kpʊzɩyɛɛ, pɩkɛ ñɩɣyʊʊ kʊhʊlʊmʊʊ, ɛwɛ ɖoŋ pɩfɛyɩ yɔɔdʊʊ nɛ ɛcaɣ yuŋ piŋ. Ɛ-maɣmaɣ keeke lɛ palakɩ-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ kɛ laatriki miŋ ɖeɖe (palakɩ-ɩ nɛ laatriki kanɖʊʊ naa yalaa taa).
Tɔŋkɩsɩtɛnɩ keeke kɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ weyi ɛwɛ ɖoŋ piŋ, ɛkɛ ñɩɣyʊʊ kpʊzɩyɛɛ kʊlʊmʊm tɩyɛ ɛzɩ ɛtɛŋ yɔ. Ɛwɛ ɖoŋ keeke kɔyɔ papɩzɩɣ pɛsɛtɩ-ɩ nɛ ñɩɣyɩŋ kela saɣ, kɛlɛ ɛpɛlɩɣ nɛ ɛcaɣ kaɖɛ se palabɩ-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ yee pɩtɛkɛ ɛ-maɣmaɣ kɔyɔ. Ɛɛpʊkɩ kpaa, kɛlɛ ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛmʊ kalɩkɔdaɣ pazɩ pɩtɩŋna siziŋ lɩm naa yɔɔ. Peter Woulfe kɛna kajalaɣ tʊ weyi ɛlaɣ naʊ tɔŋkɩsɩtɛnɩ yɔ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1778, ŋgʊ mbʊ lɛ ɛlakaɣ tʊmɩyɛ wɔlframɩtɩ yɔ kɛnɛ. Kɛlɛ ɛna se lɩm mbʊ pɩ-taa kaawɛ lɛɛbʊ mbʊ paasɩŋ-pʊ yɔ. Ɖalaa Juan José nɛ Fausto Elhuyar tʊ na pɩnaɣ 1783 alɩwaatʊ taa ñɩmɩŋ lɩm lɛɛbʊ pɩlɩna wɔlframɩtɩ pɩwɛɛ ɛzɩ tɔŋkɩsɩtɩkɩ. Ɛsɩpañɩ ɛjaɖɛ pɩtasɩ alɩwaatʊ pazɩ pɩnaɣ kʊyʊmaɣ ŋga ka-taa lɛ, ɛyaa mba pa-naalɛ papɩzɩ palɩzɩ tɔŋkɩsɩtɛnɩ kiyeke pɩtɩŋna akayɛ yɔɔ.
Alabamaa
Alabamaa kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ Alabamaa ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, Zɔɔrzii, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, pʊʊ sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Misisipii yɔ kɩwɛna, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Floriidii nɛ Mekiziiki kujomuu piyele nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Tenesii ñɛwɛna ɖɩnɛ.
Pamaza Alabamaa ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ 135 765 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ɖɔɔ nɛ pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 4 338 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 3,2 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Alabamaa kɛnna ɛjaɖɛ 23 ñɩnɖɛ kɛ ɖenɖe lɩm kɩla wɛʊ yɔ nɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna naalɛ ñɩnɖɛ kɛ ɖenɖe lɩm yɔɔ nʊmɔŋ kɩla wɛʊ yɔ kɛ Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 30 ñɩnɖɛ kɛ walanzɩ taa nɛ ɖɩ-hayʊ kiŋ lɛ pʊŋ kɩlɩna ɖɔʊ piyele nɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ, kadanzi yaa fɛɛŋ ñakɩlɩna wɛʊ.
Pɩnaɣ 1800 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 5 750 yɔ ɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 2010 taa patasa ɛyaa kalɩʊ lɛ pɛkpɛnda ɛyaa miliyɔɔnaa 4 779 736.
Peeɖe pʊŋ kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ taa maɣna ɛzɩ mɛtanaa 550 pʊtɔbʊʊ se pamaaza sɔsɔʊ lɛ pɩkpɛnda mɛtanaa 774 nɛ pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɩla kʊyʊʊ yɔ ŋgʊ lɛ Ciihe.
Alabamaa ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋnaɛjaɖɛ nɛɛlɛ nɛ naadozo ñɩnɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ pɩnaɣ 1861 nɛ pɩha-ɖɩɩ waɖɛ se ɖɩpɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ lɛ, pɩnaɣ 1868 mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɩɩlaba kɔkɔɖɛ pazɩ ɖɩ-tɛ sʊʊ taa.
'Payɛ
Payɛ kɛna ɛyʊ tomnaɣ cɔzʊ kpɛɛ kpɛɛ nɛ tam taa lɛ pɩkɛna ɖɔnɛ kʊɖʊmɖɛ. Ɛyʊ paɣʊ yɔ, pamakɩ soo yaa cɩmɩŋ nɛ pizetiɣ-ɩ nɛ pɔcɔ ɛpaɣzɩ paʊ. Paʊ kɛna ɖɔɖɔ wɛyʊ ndʊ tɩwɩlʊ se ɛyʊ taa wɛ leleŋ yɔ yaa pɩpɩzʊ pɩkɛna lakayaɣ ŋga ɛyʊ wɩlʊna sɔnzɩ nasɩyɛ yɔ. Patʊ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ paa patʊ ndʊ lɛ tɩna tʊ-tɔbʊ. Patʊ natʊyʊ lɛ, pɛkɛna ɛyʊ tomnaɣ taa hayɩsʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ ɛyʊ ciidu ɛ-tɔmnaɣ tɩŋgɛ se ɛ-toma ɛwɛɛ alaafɩya tam nɛ naayɛ wɛɛ lɛ, poluba-yɛ kulubu nɛ naayɛ lɛ, nɔɔyʊ pamaazʊ. Paa sɔnzɩ nzɩ sɩ-taa, patʊ wɛ nɛ sɔnzɩ nzi lɛ sɩna sɩ-payɛ.
Kabɩyɛ taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ soo paʊ wɛɛ nɛ papaɣ-tʊ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛyʊ akpadɩyʊ sɩkɩ yɔ. E-ɖipinɖeyɔɔ nɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ paalakɩ ɛ-lɛɣ yɔ. E-ɖipinɖe yɔɔ soo wena pamakɩ yɔ, lɛɣ yɔɔ pɩtɛkɛ kʊɖʊma anaa pamakɩ. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ habɩyɛ soo wɛɛ, waaɣ soo wɛɛ, pɩtasɩ lɛ maɣlɛ patʊ wɛɛ. Patʊ ndʊ lɛ tɩkɛna laaza taa mbʊ payaɣ se kɔndɔtʊ yɔ. Patʊ ndʊ paɖʊ akpenu yɔ, payaɣ-tʊ se cɩmʊʊ. Patʊ tɩŋga taa lɛ, yee ɛkɔm ɛpaɣna kɔyɔ ɛɛsɩŋ camɩyɛ nɛ pɔtɔŋ se eyotu kuyotu.
Patʊ lɩʊ yɔ pɩtɛkɛ sɔnɔ. Tɩlɩ ɖooo caanaʊ taa. Ɛlɛ tɩɩwɛna tɔbɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ. Kacalaɣ lɛ, papawaɣ se pɔɖɔɔnɩ kʊdɔŋ nakʊyʊ yaa kigiluu nakʊyʊ. Tʊtʊ wayɩ lɛ, papawaɣ se pɩha yaa pɩwɩlɩ ɛyʊ abalɩtʊ. Patʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kɔyɔ lakʊ patʊ. Papawaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se pɩkɛdɩna agɔlɔma yaa sɩwaa sɔsɔɣa nabayɩ.
Ɛsakuliye takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ
Ɛsakuliye takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ (pɩkɛ takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ yaa takayasɩ kɩkalɩsɩ nzɩ papɩzɩɣ pakalɩ-sɩ nee yɔɔ kʊyʊm naalɛ naatozo yɔ) pɩkɛ maɣzɩm tɛ takʊʊ nɛ wiluu tʊmɩyɛ se pɩtɩŋɛ pɩkpɛndɩ nɛ pɩkɛ tɩlɩyɛ tɔm ɛyaa kpeekpe cɔlɔ, nɛ ɖɩcɔna kɔyɔ pɩkɛ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ ɛsakuliye tɔm paa weyi ɛ-cɔlɔ.
Pɩkɛ tovonum takayaɣ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɖɩkpaɣ-kɛ yɔ kɛtɩtʊ ndɩ ndɩ wɛɛ ka-taa nɛ aseɣɖe tɔm sakɩyɛ wɛɛ ka-taa, nɛ pɩtɩŋɩɣna pɩlɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ yɔɔ yaa taabɩlɩ naa nabɛyɛ yɔɔ nɛ takayaɣ kɩkalɣ kpata naa yɔɔ. Tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩñɔ alɩwaatʊ kɩfatʊ tʊ nɛ yɔ tɩ-taa kpaɣ ɖooo ɛsakuliye takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ yaa tovonum lɛɣtʊ tɔm kpou, keɖeɣa laɣsɩ nɛ nesi tɛɛ tʊma lɩʊʊ pɩnzɩ 1751 ŋtalɩ 1772 alɩwaatʊ taa.
Keekee taa lɛ, ɛsakuliye takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ wɛ ndɩ nɛ tɔm kpou mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ tɔm kpou taa lɛ ɖɩnaɣ se palɩzɩ tɔmpee tɔmɩŋ nɛ pawɩlɩ paa nɖɩ lɛ ɖɩ ɖɩ-caɣyɛ tɔm loyaɣ taa nɛ paapɩzɩɣ patasɩ cɛtʊʊ ɖɩ-yɔɔ natʊyʊ, ŋgʊ ɛsakuliye takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ yɔ ñɔyɔɔdʊʊ pɩtɩŋa pʊ-tɔm pɩkɔzɩna ɛsakuliye tɔm. Woɖe yɔɔ woɖe yɔɔ lɛ ɖɩnaɣ kpaɣ hɛkʊ taa alɩwaatʊ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɖooo canaʊ alɩwaatʊ, Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɖɔɖɔ ceu cɔlɩɩ wɛɛ taa mbʊ takayaɣ ŋga kɛkɛ ɛsakuliye takayaɣ, kpɛlɛkɩtʊ pɩyʊ ɖama tamsɩnaʊ pɩyʊ.
Tɔmʊʊ ɛsakuliye takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ lɩna tɔmʊʊ encyclopædia, papɩsɩ-kʊ latɛŋ taa nɛ pɩwɩlɩɣ se pɩkɛ ɖanʊʊ lʊlʊʊ nɛ kɩlɩna Plutarque krɛkɩ tɔmʊʊ taa ἐγκύκλιος παιδεία. Tɔmpiye enkyklios tɔbʊʊ se kɩcɔcɔʊʊ, pʊtʊ weyi ɛcɔʊʊ kpɛyɛɛ ɛzɩ kaapɔɖɛ wɛʊ yɔ, walaa taa lɛ pɩwɛna alɩwaatʊ, pɩwɛɛ ɛyʊ paa weyi cɔlɔ, ŋgʊ tɔmpiye paideía tɔbʊʊ se kpɛlɛkɩtʊ. Tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ enkyklios paideia kɩtɩŋa kɩ-tɔbʊʊ se tɩlɩyɛ kpeekpe mbʊ pɩkɛ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ tɩŋa yɔ.
Liŋgala kʋnʋŋ
Liŋgala kɛŋna kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ Koŋgoo Kinsasa nɛ Kɔŋgo Pirazaaviili ajeya taa. Kɩwɛ Pantʊ tɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ pɩlʊʊ taa. Ɛyaa mba panɩʊ pɛkɛ liŋgala mba nɛ panɩʊ-kʊ yɔ patalʊʊ ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa naalɛ yɔ nɛ mba pɛtɛkɛ liŋgala mba nɛ panɩʊ-kʊ kɩnɩʊ yem yɔ patalɩʊ ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa hiu yɔ.
Yee ɛyʊ ɛcɔna camɩyɛ siŋŋ kɔyɔ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ liŋgala kɛ Koŋgoo ɛjaɖɛ taa, Aŋgola nɛ Santraafriki ajɛya taa. Piyele nɛ mba liŋgala kɛwɛ pa-kʊnʊ; n yɔ pɛwɛ ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa 15 yɔ kpaɣna Kinsaasa tɛtʊ taa, Prazaavili, Mbandaka nɛ Kisaŋginii tɛtʊ taa. Ɛjɛyaa lɛɛna taa mba panɩ-kʊ kɩnɩʊ yɔ paytalɩʊ ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa 50 yɔ.
Ɛdiirinɛ
Ɛdiirinɛ (Edirne; Αδριανούπολη; Одрин; Hadrianopolis) kɛna Tuurkii ɛjadɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ natʊyʊ. Ɛdiirinɛyɩ kɛ Tuurkii hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ taa egeetiye tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tiposina Kiirikilarɛɛlɩ, tɛtʊ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 844 yɔ nɛ wayɩ nɛ wayɩ kigalʊʊ ŋgʊ pakalaa yɔ, pinaɣ 2018, ɛyaa tala ɛzɩ 180.327 yɔ.
Edirne Эдырне Edirne inh:Edirne
Pɩcalɩmɩyɛ
Pɩcalɩmɩyɛ kɛna kaaʊ ŋgʊ kɩlɩna afɩya acaza taa nɛ ɖɩwɛ ɖoŋ kaŋkaŋ. Ɖɩwɛ cɩŋgɩlɩm nɛ mbʊ pɩpɩzʊ se pipisi-ɖɩ nabʊyʊ taa kɔyɔ lɛ lɩm yaa ɔkɩsɩdi. Pɩcakpalɩmɩyɛ wɛna tomnasi nzɩ nɛ pisidu yɔ pɩlɩna lɩm yaa ɔkɩsidi. Tomnasi nzɩ sisiduna pacalɩmɩyɛ taa nɛ pɩlɛɛzʊ ɖi-tomnaɣ sɛmɩŋ. Pɩcalɩmɩyɛ tɔyaa nɛ ɖɩwɛna tonasi ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna acaza yaa afɩya wena a-taa kɔɔʊ kʊnɛ kɩlɩnaa yɔ. Pɩcalɩmɩyɛ tɔyaa nɛ ɖɩwɛ ihoosiye taa nɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ pɩwɛ toyi toyi ɛzɩ pee yɔ. Pɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa nɛ cʊʊ yɔ. Pɩwɛ ɛzɩ ɖenɖe payaɣ se Nɔɖɩmandi yɔ,
Sampañɩ, Pikaɖɩdi yaa ɖɔɖɔ tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Pas-de- Kalɛ yɔ. Pɩcalɩmɩyɛ tɔyɩ ɖɔɖɔ pʊʊ sɔsɔɩu ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Hɛlɩfoti yɔ kɩ-taa. Ɖooo caanaʊ taa papaɣza pɩcalɩmɩyɛ tʊmɩyɛ labʊnaʊ. Ŋdɩ polukaɣna miŋ. Pakpakʊ lɛɛɖɛ nɛ pɛsɛyɩna lɛɛɖɛ kɛ ɖoŋ lɛ, mamatʊzasɩ lɩʊ fɩŋ fɩŋ. Mamatʊzasɩ nzɩ, sɩtɔlʊ kpootu yɔɔ lɛ miŋ mʊ. Kpootu ɛfɛyɩ kɔyɔ, pakpakʊ sʊmasɩ hʊndʊ yaa kalɩ hʊndʊ. Polukina pɩcalɩmɩyɛ nɛ wondu ndɩ ndɩ ɛzɩ : hakiŋ, sɩsɩ yaa you wondu. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, pɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖi-keɖewa nɛ ka-ñɩlɩzʊ yɔɔ lɛ, pesidu-ɖɩ filikinaa taa nɛ pamaɣna kuduyiŋ. Mbʊ pesida nɛ pamana kuduyu ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Saint-Valery-sur-Somme yɔ.
Stɔkhɔlm
Stɔkhɔlm kɛŋna Sʋyɛdɩ ɛjaɖe taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Peeɖe kɛ komina tʊma sɔsɔna kɩla wɛʊ nɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ kɛ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ Carl XVI Gustav pɛwɛɛ. Sʊyɛdɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa maalikanaa ɖɔɔ nɛ patalɩʊ ɛzɩ maalisi 290 yɔ nɛ sɩ-taa payɩ lɛ, Stɔkhɔlm taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ. Pɩnaɣ 2005 taa pakala ɛyaa kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-tɛ maalika taa lɛ, pɛkpɛnda ɛyaa 1 252 020.
Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ taa wɛ 6 600 km2. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ, tɩwɛna lɩm taa kacɩsɩ sakɩyɛ nɛ sɩtalɩʊ ɛzɩ kacɩsɩ 24 000 yɔ. Paa mazaɣ nɛ nɛ kujuka ŋga lɛ, ɛyaa woki peeɖe sakɩyɛ nɛ payaɣ lɩm yaa pohoyuu wɩsɩ. Pɩtasɩɩna mazaɣ nɛ kujuka peɖeke, pɩtamna cɩla ɖanasɩ ɖɔɖɔ.
Ɩyɔdɩ
Ɛ-hɩɖɛ lɩna krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se ἰώδης nɛ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se yuulee cɛzʊʊ sɛmɩŋ. Gay-Lussac yana-ɩ hɩɖɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ Bernard Courtois lɩ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1811 yɔ pɩtɩŋna ɛlakaɣ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ aɖɔnɖɛlɛɛ lɩm mbʊ palakaɣ-pʊ nɛ kaŋwa siziŋ ɖɔm napoleon yoŋ alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ.
Ɛyʊ yaa tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa mbʊ yɔ, ɩyɔdɩ ɛkɩlɩ ɖɔʊ yaa kɩtɔɖɔɔ kɔyɔ pɩkɔŋna kʊdɔmɩŋ kaɖɛ ñɩŋ sakɩyɛ. Yee ɩyɔɔdɩ ɛfɛyɩ tomnaɣ taa kɔyɔ ɛyʊ ɛɛpaɣlʊʊ, mbʊ tɩyʊʊna ɖɔɖɔ ɛyʊ liu tɛɛ lakɩɣ koŋgo yɔ. Pɩkɔŋna ɖɔɖɔ ɛyʊ ñʊʊ taa sidiɣ sidiɣ tɔm, tɔm ndʊ panaɣ-tʊ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ ɛyaa mba pɛ-tɛ wɛ pʊŋ ñʊŋ taa yɔ nɛ poposina teŋgiŋ yɔ.
Kiɖe tɛɛ lɛ, ɩyɔdɩ waa naalɛ yeke palaba nɛ pɛpɛdɩɣ. Kalɩsɩ (caliche) Siili ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ somuuri weyi ɛ-taa wɛ ɩyɔdɩ yɔ karasɩm hayɩm naa taa nɛ fefekiŋ taa kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Sapɔŋ nɛ Etaazuunii ajɛyɛ taa. Ɩyɔdɩ kɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-tɔm wɛ kɩjɛyɩɣ ɛyʊ fezuu labʊ taa yɔ. Ɛyʊ sɔsɔ tɛ mbʊ yɔ evemiye kʊyʊmɖɩyɛ pɩpɔzʊʊ se ɛtalɩ ɛ-taa 150 µg kɔzɩ kɔzɩ halaa hɔsɩ tɩnaa (200 à 290 μg). Ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ koŋ kɛlɛ se ɛla hɔkʊʊ seɣtiyaa, pa-taa kɛlɛ hɔkʊʊ ŋgʊ. Paɖʊ-ɩ ɖɔm kɩtɔɔm taa, nabʊyʊ taa naalɩm taa Ɛnglɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Emily Brontë
Palʊla Emily Jane Brontë kɛ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 30 ŋgʊ pɩnaɣ 1818 kɛ Tɔmtoni tɛtʊ taa, Aŋgletɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛsɩ saŋgayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 19 wiye pɩnaɣ 1848 ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 30 kɛɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa. Ɛkɛ keɣsɩ maɖʊ yaa si-luɖu nɛ ñʊʊda maɣzɩm takayɩsɩ kɩkalasɩ mayʊ nɛ aŋglisi kʊnʊŋ taa kɛ ɛmaɣna ɛ-takayɩsɩ. Ɛma ñʊʊda maɣzɩm takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ, Les Hauts de Hurlevent, nɛ kɛkɛna nɛ kapɩsɩ cɔlɩɩɩ takayɩsɩ kɩkalasɩ mayaa kɛ wɛɛ naayɛ taa takayɩsɩ kɩmamasɩ taa kɛ Aŋgletɛɛrɩ taa nɛ kedeŋga kpeekpe yɔɔ.
Ɛlɛ keɣsɩ lɛ, ɛma-sɩ sakɩyɛ. Ɛnɛ ɛ-kɔɔ alɩ ɖɑma pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ nɛ ɛyʊ ɛna-wɛ ytɔ pɛwɛ ɛzɩ ɖoma yɔ nɛ ɛna-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ powoba Gondal hayɩsʊʊ ɖeɖe. Payaɣ ɛ-caa se Patrick Brontë nɛ ɛkɛ ɛsɔ tɔm wɩlɩyʊ nɛ ɛlʊla-wɛ ɛyaa looɖo nɛ Emily Brontë kɛŋna pʊwa kagbaanzɩ ñɩŋga. Ɛ-pɩcatʊ taa kɛ e-ɖoo sɩba nɛ hiliu taa pɩcɛɣɖɛ kʊdɔŋ salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 15 pɩnaɣ 1821 nɛ ɛ-kɔɔnaa naalɛ ñasɩbɩna nɛ kpeziwilaɣ kʊdɔŋ.
E-ɖoo sɩm wayɩ kɛ ɛ-caa Patrick Brontë nɛ ɛ-neŋ Elizabeth Branwell pakpaɣ lɩmaɣza se papazɩ aha-wɛ waɖɛ kpem nɛpɛwɛɛ pa-tɩ yɔɔ. Piyebina pɩya sɩnɛ, Charlotte, Emily, Anne nɛ sɩ-ɖalʊ Branwell, sɩpaɣzɩ maɣzʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩfɛyɩ kaʊ yɔ ɖɩ-yɔɔ tɔm. Sɩma tɔm ndɩ ndɩ nɛ sɩlakɩna amʊʊza. Sɩma ɖɔɖɔ kɛɖuʊ tɔm sakɩyɛ, silu keɣsɩ yaa sɩmabɩ-sɩ, sɩma aseɣla tɔm heyu ɖɔɖɔ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ amʊza maɣzʊ.
Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Charlotte yeba-wɛ se ɛtɛzʊ e-sukuli lɛ Emily nɛ Anne peyele nɛ palɩzɩ pɛ-jaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ paya-ɖɩ se Gondal. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ halʊ nɔɔyʊ, Augusta Geraldine Almeda, kɛŋna ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ. Takayaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ Emily kɩla ɛtɛ keɣsi lubu yaa sɩmabʊ maʊ.
Ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ
Ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ kɛ pʊyʊ mbʊ pɩ-matʊ kɛ kʊyʊmɩm yɔ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se pacɩyɩ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ yɔ, mbʊ pʊwɛ pɩ-taa yɔ, pɩkɛ pʊyʊ kʊɖʊm.
Ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ tɛkɛ ɖɔmbɩyɛ yem. Pasɩŋ ɖɔmbɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩ-tɛ kpɛlɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ wɛtʊ. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ ɖɩ-pʊyʊ ñɩɩɩ tɩnaa lɛɣtɩ ɖama taa lɛɣtʊʊ mbʊ yɔ, pʊwɛ ndɩ. Ɖɔmbɩyɛ pʊyʊ ñɩɩɩ weyi ɛlɛkɩɣ wɛʊ yɔ, e-lone wɛ ndɩ nɛ pʊyʊ ñɩɩɩ waa lɛlaa mba pɔsɔzʊʊ ɛ-yɔɔ nɛ wayɩ wayɩ yɔ. Ñɩɣlɩm wonuu ŋgʊ payaɣ se mɛɛrɩkiiri (mercure) yɔ, yee ki-miŋ saʊ ɛtalɩ ɛzɩ 39 °C yɔ, pakpakɩɣ ñɩɣlɩm wonuu ŋgʊ se kɩkɛ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ. Pɛ naayɛ tɛ wɛtʊ yeba nɛ pakpaɣ-yɛ se akɛ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ. Pɛ ana, anaa yɔ : pɩyɛ nɖɩ payaaɣ se opalɩ (opale) yɔ nɛ nɖɩ payaɣ ɖɩɖɩ se ambrɩ (ambre) yɔ. Ɛlɛ, patakpaɣ ñɩɣlɩm ñɩnɩŋ nɩɩyɛ se ɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ.
Pʊyɛ kpem se mbʊ pɩkɛ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ yɔ, pɩ-matʊ ɛkɛ kʊɖʊmʊm yeli. Wonuu nakʊyʊ yem ɛtaasidi kɩ-matʊ taa. Ɛlɛ, mbʊ pɩkɛ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ yɔ, pɩ-tɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ wondu natʊyʊ pɩzɩɣ pʊwɛɛ ndɩ nɛ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ lɛɛtʊ.
Ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ kpɛndʊʊ kpɛm nɛ pɩpɩsɩ kaaŋ. Kaaŋ ɛnʊ ɛkɛŋna tɛtʊ pɔɔɖɛ. Tɛtʊ pɔɔɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se wɩsɩ cɔʊʊ taŋgalam ŋgʊ payaɣ se teliriki (tellurique) yɔ.
Kaabʊ
Kaabʊ kɛna tɩŋ tɔɔnaɣ ŋga pahayʊ-kɛ pɩ-tɛɛ lila yɔɔ yɔ yaa ka-hatʊ yɔɔ. Kaabʊ tɛɛ lila ana awɛ kuŋgulum kuŋgulum ɛzɩ putuula yɔ. Papɩzɩɣ pɔtɔɔ kaabʊ nɛ lɛŋ yaa pehilina ɖozi. Kaabʊ kʊnɛ kɩlɩʊ sɔzɩŋ kamaɣfɛyɩ kɛ ɖozi taa.
Tɔɔnasɩ nzɩ papɩzɩɣ pesidi kaabʊ taa nɛ pɩwɛɛ camɩyɛ yɔ sɩɖɔɔ nɛ sɩ-taa kɔyɔ: tɩmaatɩ, hɛɛ, awiihɛɛ, akaŋgaa, karɔtɩ, kela nɛ pesidina num mbʊ ɛyʊ sɔɔlaa yɔ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se paa tɔɔnaɣ ŋga papɩzɩɣ pɛsidi kaabʊʊ ka-taa nɛ pɩwɛɛ camɩyɛ. Papɩzʊ pasɩɩ kaabʊ nɛ kileɖi kɩɩwɛɛkʊʊ ɛlɛ pʊtɔpɔzɩ se pasɩɩ-kʊ yem kɔyɔ kɩpɩzɩɣ kɩɖazɩ yaa kɩwɩlɩ. Ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔla-kʊ sɩʊ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ, pɩwɛɛ se ɛsɩɩ-kʊ nikaɣ ŋgbaʊ taa yaa ɛɖʊ kañɩŋga ɖoli lɛ ɛyʊyɩ lim nɛ ehuuzi kabaɣ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ kpotoku yɔ yaa mbʊ pɩkpɩnda camɩyɛ ɛlɛ pʊmʊʊ nikaɣ camɩyɛ yɔ.
Kaabʊ tɔnʊʊ tɩna ɖama yɔɔ ɛzɩ takayasɩ hatʊ tɩnʊʊ ɖama yɔɔ yɔ nɛ pɩfɛyɩ camɩyɛ se ɛyʊ ɛfaɣ kaabʊ nɛ pɩkazɩ se ɛsɩʊ. Pɩtɛ lakazɩ nzɩ sɩhaɣ kʊdɔmɩŋ. Yee kɩpaɣla camɩyɛ nɛ ɛyʊ sɔɔlɩ mbʊ se ɛlakɩna-kʊ nɛ kɩkazɩ yɔ, pɩwɛɛ se ekuli ñʊʊyɔɔ tɔnɩŋ nɛ pɩmaɣna mbʊ ɛsɔɔlaa yɔ.
Kaabʊnaa wɛna tomnasi ndɩ ndɩ: nakʊyʊ kɛ kʊlʊmʊʊ tɩyɛ, lɛɛŋ sɛɛ cahʊʊ ɛzɩ calɩm yɔ, nɩɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ ɛwɛ kɩsɛɛmɩm muzulee, nabʊyʊ taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ kaabʊnaa nabɛyɛ caaɣ wɛʊ tɛtʊ yɔ. Keteŋa kpeekpe taa pɩnaɣ 2014 taa kaabʊnaa mba pahayaa yɔ patalɩʊ tɔɔnɩnaa ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa 92 640 689 yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa lɛ, keteŋga kpeekpe taa lɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ pakɩlɩɣ kaabʊnaa hayʊ nɛ pɩtɩŋ Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ naatozo ñɩnɖɛ yɔ Etazunii.
Zɔɔrdaanii
Zɔɔrdaanii kɛna Azii ilemiye nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ naayɛ pasɩna ɖama kamaɣ nɛ ajɛya ana yɔ: hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Siirii nɛ Akaba pɔɔ wɛna kamaɣ yɔɔ, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ Palɛstinii, Israɛlɩ, Yɔrdaŋ pɔɔ nɛ Tengu Kɩsɩbʋʋ, nɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Araabii Sawuditi. Tʊkaɣ nakayɩ wɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ pɔɔ nakayɩ ŋɛ ŋga payaɣ se Yɔrdaŋ. Yɔrdaŋ kɛŋna pɔɔ ŋga ka-taa Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa wokaɣ polu lɩm nɛ pɔsɔʊ pɩya ajama yɔ yaa palakɩ kɩwɛɛkɩm kpeɣyu sɔnzɩ yɔ. Pɔɔ ŋga ka-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ Yahanɛsɩ lɩm sɔyʊ kaasɔ Yeesu Krɩstʊ lɩm. Mbʊ yebina nɛ lɩm mbʊ pɩpɩsɩ lɩm kiɖeɖem. Pɔtɔkɩ peeɖe tɛ kazandʊ paa lɛlaɣ fenaɣ ŋga lɛ kɛtɛ kɩyakʊ 13.
Rɛnɩyɔm
Rɛnɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 75 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Re. Rɛnɩyɔm tomnaɣ yem kɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ weyi ɛwɛ kpʊzɩyɛɛ liidiye tɩyɛ yɔ nɛ ɛlʊkɩna piŋ pʊʊzɩtʊ yaa ɛlʊkɩna piŋ kalɩkɔdaɣ nɛ ɛcaɣ sooci piŋ soŋgaɣa hɔɔlʊʊ taa. Kɩlɔrɩ siziŋ lɩm ɛɛkpaɣ-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ sʊfʊrɩ siziŋ lɩm ɛɛlakɩ-ɩ pʊyʊ yɔ, ɛlɛ ɛyɔlʊʊ siziŋ ɖoŋ lɩm taa.
Pʊtʊ 75 wɛʊ yɔ Dmiti Mendeleïev kaatɛma ɛ-tɔm yɔɔɖʊʊ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1896 paazɩtʊ alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ ɛha-ɩ hɩɖɛ mbʊ se dvi-maŋkanɛzɩ (nɛ yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɔyɔ Dm). Rɛnɩyɔm hɩɖɛ lɩna latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa Rhenus, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se lɩm pɔɔ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ Rhin yɔ) kɛ mbʊ lɛ lʊlʊʊ taa pʊtʊ ɛɖɩɩyɛ ɛsɩnda tʊ weyi pana-ɩ pʊcɔ pana fransɩyɔm yɔ.
Pamaazɩ se Walter Noddack, Ida Tacke nɛ Otto Berg nana-ɩ Caama ɛjaɖɛ pɩnaɣ 1925, pɩkpɛndɩna masʊrɩyɔm lɩmaɣza kpaagbaa. Pana-ɩ platɩnɩ nɛ kɔlɔmbɩtɩ pa-ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ taa kɛnɛ. Pana-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ katɔlɩnɩtɩ taa pɩtɩŋna X weluu mʊntʊsʊʊ cɛnzɩ yɔɔ nɛ mɔlɩbdɛnɩtɩ taa. Pɩnaɣ 1928 taa lɛ pohuyi-ɩ 1,04 g pɩtɩŋna mɔlɩbdɛnɩ tɛ 660 kg yɔɔ.
'laɖɩyɛ
Laɖɩyɛ kɛna hʊnʊʊ ŋgʊ pakpakʊ-kʊ nɛ pɛsɛtɩna yaa pekeɖina nabʊyʊ yɔ. Lala wɛ taŋgalam nɛ patʊʊ yɛ ɖaʊ yɔɔ nɛ pʊcɔ pɩsa nɛ palabɩna tʊma. Yee ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ poluki lala nɛ ñɩɩtʊ kɔyɔ, ɖooo lɛ pɩɩkɛna tɩŋ weyi ɩwɛ ɖoŋ camɩyɛ yɔ pasakaɣ nɛ pɔhɔkʊ ɖaʊ nakʊyʊ yɔɔ nɛ pekeɖuna tɩŋ, ɖasɩ yaa mbʊ ɛyʊ sɔɔla keɖu yɔ. Pɩtɛkɛ ɖasɩ ɖeke palakɩna laɖɩyɛ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɛlɛ powokina lakʊ ɖɔɖɔ.
Lala wena pacala lubu yɔ, Afrika taa kɛ pana-yɛ nɛ apɩzʊ atalɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ miliyɔɔ kʊɖʊmʊ nɛ looɖo kɛ mbʊ yɔ. Kacalaɣ lala wena polukaɣ nɛ pɩcakpalama yɔ, pɛyʊ-yɛ kɩsɛyʊ nɛ pɩwɛʊ lɔŋ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ nɛ pakpaɣ ɖaŋ weyi ɩwɛ ɖɔŋ camɩyɛ yɔ naalɛ nɛ pɔhɔkɩ laɖɩyɛ nɖɩ ɩ-hɛkʊ taa nɛ mɔndɔndʊ pɩcɛyɩ cɩŋcɩŋ.
Lala wena alɩ lɛɛlɛɛ yɔ, pɩkɛna alɩwaatʊ ndʊ palɩ ñɩɩtʊ ndʊ tɩwɛ cɩŋjɩnaaɣ yɔ. . Lala kɩfana wena aw,e lɛɛlɛɛ yɔ, poluki-yɛ lɛ ah,ek,u taa n,e pɔʊ n;;e peeɖe patʊ haɖaʊ.Naayɛ ɛlɛ awɛ yem lʊʊʊ nɛ patʊ-yɛ haɖaʊ hɛkʊ taa kɛnɛ.
Uihl
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