cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Taŋkanika kujomuu
Taŋkanika kujomuu, kujomuu kɩkɩlɩɣ lɛɛkʊ Afrika taa kujomɩŋ kɩkɩlɩŋ taa, walanzɩ taa lɛ, kɩkɛ naalɛ ŋgʊ Fikitoriya wayi nɛ liŋgʊʊ taa nɛ palaka taa lɛ kɩkɛ naalɛ ŋgʊ kedeŋga taa Bayɩkalɩ ŋgʊ wayi nɛ kɩkɩlɩ ɖalakɩŋ leleŋ lɩm taa pɩtalɩ kilomɛta waa 677. Kedeŋga kpeekpe taa lɛ ŋgʊ kɩta kpakpasɩ kɩlɩ ɖɔʊʊ. Kujomuu ŋgʊ kɩ-lɩm talɩɣ Koŋgo fɛɛʊ nɛ Atɩlantɩkɩ lɩŋgamʊʊ. Peyekɩ nɛ ɖɩnɩɣ se kɩ-tɛ wɛʊ talɩ pɩnzɩ miiliyɔɔ waa nɛɛlɛ mbʊ yɔ. Kɩ-walanzɩ talɩ kilomɛta waa 32900 kpɛɛ ko yaa kɩwalanzɩ wɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ Pɛlɛzɩkɩ ɛjaɖɛ walanzɩ nɛ kɩɖalakɩŋ talɩ kilomɛta waa 677 Tanzaani kamaɣ yɔ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kiŋ nɛ Koŋgo ɛjaɖɛ mɛwɛ madɩ yɔ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ. Kɛ-tɛ kiɖe yɔ nɛ hayi yɔ tɛyɩna ajɛyaa ana nɛ Purundi ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ke-kiɖe yɔ nɛhaɖɛ yɔ tɛyɩna nɛ Sambii ɛjaɖɛ. Pana nɛ Koŋgo wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ Mitumba pʊŋ. Taŋkanɩka fɛɛʊ walanzɩ talɩ kilomɛta waa 250000 kpɛɛ ko. Kɛ-tɛ pɔsɩ kɩkpɛndasɩ sɔsɔsɩ kɔyɔ Malagarazi nɛ Rusizi nɛ Ifume nɛ Lufubu nɛ Lunangwa nzɩ sɩ-tɛ lɩm ɖɔʊ kɩ-ta talɩ kilomɛta kubu waa nɛɛlɛ nɛ naanza yɔ pɩnaɣ taa nɛ tɛɛŋ ñɔzɔzʊ kɩ-lɩm ɖɔɖɔ kilomɛta kubu waa pɩtalɩ ɖɔɖɔ hiŋ nɩnza nɛ kʊyʊm mbʊ yɔ pɩnaɣ taa. Malagarazi pɔɔ kɩkpɛdaɣ kɛwɛ ɖooo lɔŋ pʊcɔ kujomuu ŋgʊ kɩwɛ nɛ kɩɩkɛ Koŋgo pɔɔ kɩkpɛndaɣ ɖooo canaʊ taa. Kujomuu ŋgʊ kɩ-hɩɖɛ, Étanga 'ya ni'a ebembe taa yaa kibembe taa tɔbʊʊ se siduu lone. Richard Francis Burton nɛ John Hanning Speke kɛnɛ kɔɔnaɣ Erɔpʊ ɛyaa mba pɛlɛ-kʊ naʊ yɔ pɩnaɣ 1858 nɛ Burton kpaɣ lɩmaza ɛzɩ pediyuu-wɛ yɔ tɛ nɔɔ ɖɛyʊ nɛ ɛtɔŋ se pakpaɣ kiɖedɛ hɩɖɛ ndɩ, ndɩ ɖooo canaʊ taa padalakɩ-ɖɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ yɔ.
Lɛɣtʋ
Lɛɣtʋ (Fransɩɩ taa payaɣ se science, Latɛɛ taa ’lɛ scientia, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se sɩmtʋ) kɛna wembu ɛyʋ kpɛlɛkaa nɛ ɛsɩm-pʋ yɔ, wembu ɛyʋ sɩma se pɩkɛ toovenim, ndɛŋgbɛzaɣ fɛyɩ yɔ. Pɩkpɛndaa pɩkɛna sɩmtʋ, kedeŋga kpeekpe yɔɔ wɛtʋ natʋyʋ taa tazʋʋ. Patazɩɣ se pañɩnɩ nabʋyʋ, tazʋʋ pʋmbʋ, pɩwɛna nɩmaʋ kɩtɩŋgʋʋ lɩŋŋŋ. Nɛ wembu pɔtɔŋ-pʋ se ɛɛɛ yɔ, paa anɩ ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛtakɩ nɛ ɛna nɛ etisi se toovenim ɛɛɛ.
Wembu mansɩmawaa cejewiye (communauté savante), ɖɩnɖɩ kandayɩɣna sɩyansɩwaa yɔɔ, ñɩnɩɣ yɔɔ ’lɛ se sɩyansɩtʋ sɩmtʋ (connaissances scientifiques) ɛkɛna wembu ɛyaa ñɩnaa, pakpa petii, pɛlɛlɩ, paɖʋ tozo, nɛ paa anɩ ɛɖʋ pʋ-nʋmaʋ taa ɛlɩɩ sɩmltʋ kʋɖʋmatʋ tʋndʋ tʋ-yɔɔ, nɛ paa pɩkakɩlɩ we, weyi ɛɖɔma pʋ-nʋmaʋ taa paa le, ɛkalɩɩ kʋɖʋmatʋ tʋndʋ tʋ-yɔɔ’ɔ paa ɛzɩmtaa. Piyele nɛ sɩyansɩtʋ nʋmaŋɖɔm nɛ sɩyansɩtʋ tɔm taa wɛtʋ yɔ, paba kɛna sɩmtʋ lʋlʋʋ wembu yɔ, nɛ wembu ɛyaa lakɩna tʋmɩyɛ se pʋlʋlɩ sɩmtʋ yɔ. Wembu pasɩmna-wɛ yɔ kɛna wembu pañɩnɩɣ yɔ. pʋbʋʋ yɔ se pasɩna ɛyaa nɛ panɩɩ nɛ palɩzɩ kedeŋga nɛ kɔ-yɔɔ tɔm pɔ-tɔbʋʋ nɛ pɩsa nɩʋ kɛlɛʋ - pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se sɩmtʋ wendu tɩlɩɣ yɔ, tɩ nɛ wembu pɩwɛ keekee yɔ, ndɩwɛtʋ natʋyʋ ɛdaawɛɛ pɛ-hɛkʋ taa.
Sɩyansɩ wɛna pilinzi ndɩ ndɩ nɛ paa weŋga’lɛ, kapama ɛsɛ nɛ sɩyansɩ sɩmtʋ hɔɔlʋʋ nakʋyʋ solo. Ɛzɩ matematikiwaa, simii, fiziki, piolozii, mekaniki, ɔpɩtiki, farɩmasii, asɩtronomii, arɩkiyolozii, tɔsʋʋ, sosiyolozii, ppw. Paatɔŋ se patʋʋ tʋʋʋ wembu yɔ, pɩtɛma, yaa nɔɔyʋ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ ɛtasɩ pɩ-taa tʋʋʋ. Papɩzɩɣ patasɩ tʋʋʋ paa sɩyansɩ piliŋga weŋga ’lɛ ka-taa, pɩpɩzaa pɩkɛ ɖɔɖɔ kpeɣu taa. Paa piliŋga weŋga ’lɛ, kɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ sɩyansɩ tem.
Martin Luther King
Martin Luther King Jr. kɛ kedenzi naalɛ hɛkʋ taa pɩɣa. Kedenzi nzɩ-ɩ lɛ Afrika nɛ Amerika. Ajɛɛ anɛyɛ yɔ a-naalɛ a-hɛkʋ taa pɩɣa kɛlɛ Martin Luther King Jr. Mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, e-liɖe lɩnɛ Afrika nɛ palʋla-ɩ Amerika ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛnɛ. Palʋla ɖajaa ɛnɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ taa kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ kagbanzɩ (15) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye pɩnaɣ 1929 n̄ɩŋga taa.
Egeetiye nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Atlanta Géorgie tɛtʋ taa yɔ, tɩ-taa palʋla-ɩ. Ɛ-pɩcatʋ taa ɛɛwɛna lɔŋ siŋŋ ɛ-tabalaa nɛ ɛ-samaɣ ŋga ka-taa ɛwɛɛ yɔ kɔ-cɔlɔ. Ɖɩtaasɔɔ size ɛɛwɛ ndɩ kpem nɛ lalaa. Ɛlakasɩ nɛ ɛ-n̄ʋʋ taa hʋhʋyɛ kaawɛ ɖoŋ siŋŋ. ɛkɛ pɩɣa ŋga kamaɣzɩm ɖɔwa kpeɖem nɛ kaatɛŋ maɣzɩm wiɖi yɔ. Ɛkɛ abalʋ pasamam nɔɔyʋ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe.
Ɖajaa Martin Luther King sɩba ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ naanza (4) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye pɩnaɣ 1968 n̄ɩŋga taa. Pɩlaba size ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ hiŋ naadozo nɛ nakʋ (39) lɛ ɛsɩba. Egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛsɩba yɔ payaɣ size Memphis. Ɛlɩmaɣza kam kɛlɛ size ɛla ɛzɩma nɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ tɔyɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ. Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Luther King lʋkaa siŋŋ lanhɛzɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa.
Ɖajaa ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ ɛyʋ weyi ɛlʋkɩ ɛyʋ wezuu caɣʋʋ waɖɛ yɔɔ yɔ. Amerika ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe lɛ, ɛnʋ kɛna yoyu yaa lʋbɩyʋ ka-hɛza tʋ weyi ɛ-kandɛyʋ Afrika samaɣ waɖɛ yɔɔ yɔ. Ɛlʋkaɣ siŋŋ size tɛyɩtʋ natʋyʋ ɛtaawɛ. Ɛlɩmaɣza taa lɛ, ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaɣ nɛ anasaayɩwaa pɛhɛkʋ taa.
Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Martin Luther King mʋ pɩnaɣ 1964 n̄ɩŋga taa samtʋ takayaɣ. Samtʋ takayaɣ kanɛ, pɛcɛlɛyɩ kɛ nɛ kamʋna-ɩ pɩlɩɩna ɛzɩma ɛnʋ ɛzɩ, ɛlʋkɩ ka-hɛzaa ɖiu ɖiu caɣʋʋ yɔɔ nɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ wɛʋʋ kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ yɔ. Ɖajaa ɛnɛ, ɛ-caa payaɣ size Martin Luther King Sr., nɛ e-ɖoo kɛlɛ Alberta Williams King. Ɛ-caa kɛ Ɛsɔ lɩm sɔʋʋ lɩmaɣza tɩŋgɩyʋ.
Martin Luther King tɛ ɖoziye
« Monɖozaa se... » Martin Luther King Kɩyɔɔdɩm Washington D.C. tɛ Lincoln Memorial, Kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ 28, 1963.
Pɩwɛ-m leleŋ ɛzɩ ma nɛ mɩ ɖɩwɛʋ sɔnɔ̄ kigbeeluu kʋnɛ kɩ-taa yɔ, weŋgu kɩwɛɣ tam se pɛɛyɛɛyɔɔlʋbʋ tɔm taa kɩkɩlʋʋ yɔɔ ɖɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa. Pɩlaba waasɩ nɛɛlɛ kɔyɔ Amerika tʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ, weyi sɔnɔ ɛ-kɩlɛmʋʋ weluu huzuu ɖɔ-yɔɔ yɔ, ñɩkaɣ nesi ɖɛ-pɛɛyɛɛtaawɛʋ takayaɣ taa. Kubukamabʋ kɔɔnɔɔñɩmbʋ pʋmbʋ pʋtʋsa lidaʋ ñalamɩyɛ̄ yomaa kɩkpɛdaa miliyɔɔwaa ɛsɩndaa, ɛzɩ miŋɛsɩyɛ yɔ, pamba wemba kɩɩtʋʋzʋtʋ mamala tɔndɔlɩŋ wɛ pɔ-yɔɔ yɔ. Pɩkɛwɛ ɛzɩ laŋhʋlʋmɩyɛ tɛbɩyɛ kefemna se yomiye ɖoho kɩɖaɣla ɛtɛ mbʋ yɔ.
Kɛlɛ pɩnzɩ mɩnʋʋ ɖɛwa nɛ Kɩkpɛdʋ, pʋdɔdɩyɛ tɔm, tatɩɩwɛda pɛɛyɛɛ taa. Pɩnzɩ mɩnʋʋ ɖɛwa nɛ mɔɔŋseɣumɔndɔndʋ, tʋkaɣlabʋñɩŋgbasɩ, padɩɣ Ɛyʋ Kɩkpɛdʋ e-fezuu caɣʋ taa ; pɩnzɩ mɩnʋʋ ɖɛwa nɛ Kɩkpɛdʋʋ kpɛndɩ ɛwɛ kʋñɔndʋtʋ tɛtʋ yɔɔ, tʋtʋ wɛ ti-ɖeke solō ñɩmkoboyaɣ taa kɛ lɩmwadaɣ hɛkʋ taa; pɩnzɩ mɩnʋʋ ɖɛwa nɛ Kɩkpɛdʋʋ fezuu ɖɔna tɛm Amerika samaɣ taa nɛ ɛwɛɛ ɛzɩ hʋyʋʋɖʋyʋ̄ ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa. Pʋ-yɔɔ̄ ɖʋkɔmna seya sɔnɔ̄ lone ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa se ɖikoo fɛyɛ tɔm tʋndʋ. Piyebina nɛ ɖɩkɔɔ ɖɛ-ɛjaɖɛ Ɖoŋɖoŋgiye taa se ɖɩmʋ nɔɔ haʋ takayaɣ. Ɖa-paɣtʋ ɛjaɖɛ mayaa hɛwaɣ tɔmbe kajʋkañɩnā ɖɛ-ɛjaɖɛ ɖɔkʋʋ paɣtʋ takayaɣ nɛ ɖa-tɩyɔɔwɛʋkubukamabʋ takayaɣ taa lɛ, lidaʋ nakʋyʋ yɔɔ pañɩɣ nesi se paa Amerika pɩɣa weŋga kakʋyaa’lɛ, pɩwazɩ-kɛ.
Meheyi-mɩ sɔnɔ cɩnɛ, man-taabalaa: paa ɖɩtasɩɣ kʋñɔmɩŋ tɔɔʋ sɔnɔ nɛ cee, monɖoza natʋyʋ. Mon-ɖoziye lila wɛ Amerika ɖoziye taa.
Monɖozaa se, wiɖii, ɖɛ-ɛjaɖɛ kaɣ kʋyʋʋ nɛ ɖɩna toovonim taa tʋtʋʋyɛ kaɣlaa kɛ ɖɩ-paɣtʋ taa se : « Ɖo-toovenim lɩna toovenim pʋmbʋ pɩ-maɣmaɣ pu-ɖoŋ cɔlɔ se ɛyaa tɩŋgɛ wɛ kɩmaŋ pa-mayʋ cɔlɔ. »
Monɖozaa se, wiɖii, Georgie piyisi kɩsɛmsɩ yɔɔ, yomaa kɩbɩma pɩyalaa nɛ yomadɩnaa kɩbɩma pɩyalaa pakaɣ saŋgʋʋ ñanâ kʋɖʋmaɣ taa.
Monɖozaa se, wiɖii, halɩ Alabama tɩtɩŋgɛ, ɖenɖe tomnaɣ tɔlɩm kañatʋ cɔlʋʋna ɛyaa yɔ, ɖenɖe tɔmbe « Nɔɔɖʋʋ » nɛ « Kaawazatʋ » su Tɛtʋ wiyaʋ nɔɔ taa co yɔ, wiɖii, Alabama peeɖe, Kɩkpɛdaa piya cikpesi abalibiya nɛ halɩbiya kaɣ pɩzʋʋ, pa nɛ Kʋhʋlʋmaa piya cikpesi abalibiya nɛ halɩbiya pɔɖɔkɩ ɖama nesi taa ɛzɩ kɔɔnaa nɛ ɖalaa yɔ.
Monɖozuu ɖoziye sɔnɔ.
Monɖozaa se, wiɖii, paa kɛdɛŋga weŋga kakʋyʋʋ ñaba, paa pʋʋ yaa piyaɣ weŋga ketiki tɛɛɛ, lona tokomtokom kaɣ suu, lona kotaakotaa kaɣ tʋʋzʋʋ nɛ Ɛsɔ samtʋ lɩɩ kaɣlaa nɛ tomnasɩ tiŋgɛ kpɛndɩ-tʋ̄ naʋ. Pʋmbʋ kɛnɩna me-lidaʋ. Pʋmbʋ kɛnɩna tisim wembu mɛnkpɛndɩɣna se menkpemna mɛn-tɛ hadɛ yɔ.
Kɩyakʋ weŋgu ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩla nɛ pɛɛyɛɛñɩɣyʋʋ ma, kɩyakʋ weŋgu ɖiyeki nɛ kɩhʋlɩ paa fɩlanzɩ weŋgu kɩ-taa, paa cokiye wenɖi ɖɩ-yɔɔ, paa tɛtʋ wendu tɩ-taa nɛ paa ɖoŋgiye wenɖi ɖi-taa yɔ, ki-wiyē ɖɩnaɣ se kɩyakʋ ñɔtaa se Ɛsɔ piya, Kɩkpɛdaa nɛ Kʋhʋlʋmaa, Yudaañɩmba nɛ Maasɛɣɛsɔwaa, Pilimaanɩwaa nɛɛ Krɩstʋʋñɩma pɔɖɔkɩ ɖama nesi taa nɛ petee Kɩkpɛdaa tɛ Ɛsɔsamtʋhendu kɩbɩndʋ natʋyʋ se : « Ɖihiɣ pɛɛyɛɛ kɛlɛ ! Ɖihiɣ pɛɛyɛɛ kɛlɛ ! Ɛsɔ Ɖoŋtɩŋgɛdʋ Ŋlaba’lɛ, sɔnɔ ɖihiɣ pɛɛyɛɛ kɛlɛ ! »
Sʊtʊ Pɔɔ
Sʊtʊ sɛmɩŋ pɔɔ sɔsɔɔ pasɩma-kɛ nɛ Mandaarɛ kʊnʊŋ taa nɛ hɩɖɛ ɖɩnɛyɔ Huang He (黃河) kɛ ɖalakɩŋ pɔsɩ tɛ pɔɔ naalɛ ŋga Siini ɛjaɖɛ Yanzi Siyaŋ wayi. Ka-ɖalakɩŋ kɔyɔ kilomɛta waa 5464 nɛ kɛkpɛndɩɣ Bohɛ teŋguu taa nɛ Sʊtʊ sɛmɩŋ teŋguu taa. Ka-hɩɖɛ lɩna kɛ-tɛ cʊʊ lɩm cɔlɔ pɩlɩna kɛ-tɛ lɩm wasɩɣ lakasɩ taa mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ kɔkɔŋna huɖe sakɩyɛ tɛtʊ taa nɛ mʊzʊŋ wɛʊ Siini nɛ hayi kiŋ fɛɛʊ Sɔsɔɔʊ taa. Pɩnaɣ 1938 taa lɛ, Kuomintag ɖɩzɩɣ lɔkɔna sɔsaa mba pama nɛ paɖakɩɣ pɔɔ yɔ mbʊ Sapɔŋ sɔjɔna ɛtasʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ yele nɛ pɩkɔna lɩm ɛwadɩyɛ pɩfɛyɩ yɔɔdʊʊ nɛ pɩkɔna sɩm ɛyaa 500000 ageeta taa ɛyaa. Pɔɔ ŋga kalɩna Kunlun pʊŋ taa kɛnɛ (Qingkhai kewiyaɣ tɛ) nɛ kɛɖɛnɛ tibétain piyisi taa ɖeede kɔhuyi kɩɖaŋgʊʊ lɩm pɔŋ Sɔsɔɔŋ yɔ. Lanzhou wayi lɛ, (Gansu kewiyaɣ tɛ) pɔɔ ŋga katɩŋgʊʊ lɩm cɩŋga kotaa nakɛyɛ Ordo kañɩmpusuu piyaɣ yɔ kɛ Moŋgoli pɩta ñɩŋgʊʊ yɔ. Kɛtɛzɩɣ keeke Kaifeng nɛ Wuhai nɛ Baotou nɛ Jinan (Shandong tɛtʊ Sɔsɔɔtʊ) nɛ kɛkpɛndɩɣ Bohai teŋguu taa ɛzɩ handala fɛɛʊ yɔ. Pɔɔ ŋga ka-hɩɖɛ sɛwa pɩlɩna kɛ-tɛ azɛyʊ ɛwaɖɩyɛ alɩwaatʊʊ yɔ, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩyɔɔ kɛlɛzɩɣ pɔɔ kpemtu yɔ nɛ nabʊyʊ taa lɛ, kɛtɛ kpem wizina haɖɛ yɔ kiŋ pɩtɩŋna Hongze kujomuu yɔ. Ɖooo pɩnsɩ 1980 lɩm taa kʊzɔɔtʊ kɔnaʊ mbʊ pʊtɔm kɛkʊya yɔ ɖana ɖoŋ kpaʊ nabʊlɛ pɩlɩna ɛzɩma anasayɩ ñɩɩtʊ ɖɩluɖe nɛ kɔ ɖɩlaɖɛ ɖɔɔ pɩŋ pɔɔ nɔɔ yɔ kpɛɛ nɛ pɔsɩ kɩkpɛndasɩ kpeekpe yɔ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Shizuishan ŋgʊ kɩkɛ tɛtʊ Sɔsɔɔtʊ ndʊ tɩ-ta kʊzɔɔtʊ kɩlɩɣ ɖɔʊ yɔ. Pɩ-tɛ wɛtʊ ndʊ tiyebina nɛ lɩm wɛ kɛdɛɖaɣ kedeŋga yɔ pɩlɩna mbʊ se pɔɔ ŋga kɛwɛna fɛɛʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-ta wɛ mʊlʊm tɩŋ pee wena ateelɩɣ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ yɔ.
Marɔkɩ
Marɔkɩ kɛna Afrika nɛ hayʊ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ yɔ Raabaa. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa makɩɣna 710 850 km² nɛ pakalɩ ɛyaa kɛ pɩnaɣ 2014 lɛ patalɩ ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa 34 yɔ.
Peeɖe malɩŋ kɩlɩna ɖɔʊ nɛ patala ɛzɩ 99 kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ yɔ. Tɛʊ feŋ lɛ pucʊʊtʊ yem: malɩŋ woki ciŋgirinaa taa tam kagbanzɩ ɛzɩ Mohamet pɔzɩɣ yɔ. Fransɩ kɛ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ peeɖe. Ŋgʊ pawɩlɩɣ sukilinaa taa kpaɣ ɖaŋ kʊɖʊmʊʊ yaa hɛkʊ taa sukuli pɩtalɩ sukulinaa sɔsɔŋ taa. Pɔyɔɔdɩɣ ɖɔdɖɔ ɛsɩpañɔlɩ, aŋgilisi, caama nɛ itaalɩ.
Pɩkɛna kɩjɛyʊʊ kɛ paa pʊɣa ŋgaalɛ se kowolo sukuili. Pɩkilɩna pɩya nzɩ sɩwɛna pɩnzɩ looɖo pɩsɩna hiu nɛ kagbanzɩ. Pɩnzɩ 2004 lɛ, mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ ɛyaa 43 taala sukili ɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 2012 taa lɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ ɛyaa 28 towobina sukuli. Tɔnʊʊ taa hayɩɣ nʊmɔʊ taa lɛ Marɔɔkɩ wɛ ɖɔŋ: Said Aouita kɛna efebu weyi ɛɖɛwaɣ nɔɔ kɛ seɣa taa mɛtanaa 1 500, 2 000, 3 000 nɛ 5 000 yɔ; Nawal El Moutawakel ñɛkɛna pɛlɛɣ weyi ɛkɛna Afrika taa kacalaɣ halɩbʊwa ŋga kamʊ ɔɔrɩ lɩyʊʊ kɛ hasʊʊ taa yɔ.
Nawal El Moutawakel ñawaba seɣa keteŋa kpeekpe taa ɖɔɖɔ. Hicham Arazi ñɛkɛna efebu weyi ɛwaba teniisi ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. Badr Hari ñɛkɛna weyi ɛmakɩna nesi camɩyɛ nɛ payaɣ se kickboxeur K-1 yɔ. Pɩkazɩ Medhi Benatia ñɛkɛna pombo maɖʊ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ kɛ Bayern Munich taa.
Pɔɔ cɔlʋʋ
Pɔɔ cɔlʋʋ kɛna tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ palakɩ-ɖɩ lɩm taa kɛnɛ yɔ. Palakɩ-ɖɩ nɛ pakpaɣ lɩm taa tɛtɛ kpɩna. Ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ kpakpasɩ kɛ mbɩ yɔ. Ɛlɛ, lɩm taa peeɖe pagba lɩm taa kpɩna wena payan̄ɛ nɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "crustacés waa" nɛ "céphalopodes waa" yɔ. Pɔɔ cɔlʋʋ lakasɩ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Pɔcɔlʋʋ pɔɔ lɛ lakasɩ ndɩ ndɩ nzɩ palakɩ nɛ pakpaɣ lɩm taa kpɩna yaa nandu ndʋ yɔɔ yɔ : pɔlɔ piyuu (filet), pɔcɔlɩ pɔɔ pan̄ɩ ahʋna (nasse), pɔcɔlɩ pɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ pɔlɔ kolaɣ (ligne).
Lona ndɩ ndɩ wona a-taa pɔcɔlʋʋ pɔɔ nɛ pakpaɣ nandu yɔ a-ɖɔ siŋŋ. A-taa nayɛ kɔyɔ : lɩŋgamʋʋ, teŋgu, kujomuu, lɔmʋʋ, lɩm mbʋ pɩwɛ pazɩ nɛ piikpeŋ yɔ (mares), lɩm kikpem cikpem (cours d'eau). Pɔɔ cɔlɩyaa tʋmɩyɛ laɖʋ payaɣna fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "pêcheurs". Tʋmɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ, ɖɩkɛ aleɣya nɛ ɖɩhaɣ taa leleŋ kɛ lalaa nɛ ɖɩkɛna tʋmɩyɛ siŋŋ kɛ lalaa. Lɛɣtʋ sakɩyɛ ɖɔɔ nɛ pɩcɛlɩna pɔɔ cɔlʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ. Paa lone nɖɩ lɛ, ɖɩ-tɛ pɔɔ cɔlʋʋ wɛtɛ wɛɛ.
Pɔcɔlʋʋ pɔɔ nɛ mɛlɛnaa, pɔcɔlɩ pɔɔ nɛ lɩm yɔɔ lɔɔɖa. Pɩkɛna tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖiyeki nɛ ɛjaɖɛ tɔsʋʋ huu siŋŋ yɔ. Ɖɩhaɣ ɖɔɖɔ nadʋ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa samaɣ. Pɛpɛdʋ lɩm taa n̄ɩm mbʋ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ payakɩ wondu kɩwazɩtʋ lɛɣtʋ.
David Hilbert
David Hilbert, palʊla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1862 kɛ Königsberg nɛ ɛsɩ pɩnaɣ 1943 kɛ Göttingen. Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛɛkɛ lɛɣtʊ tʊ yaa lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩyʊ kɛ Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa. Pamaɣzʊʊ nabɩyʊ taa se ɛkɛ lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩyaa taa kajalaɣ tʊ nɔyʊ kɛ kpaɣɖʊ 20 alɩwaatʊ taa ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ Henri Poincaré yɔ. Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛlɩza lɛɣtʊ lɩmaɣza sakɩyɛ pɩlɩna siŋ lɩzɩɣ tʊmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ yɔ. Mbʊ pɩwɩla se ɛkɛ ñʊʊtʊ ɛ-tʊma taa yɔ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1900, kpaɣ ehiɣ tɩlasɩ sakɩyɛ nɛ pɩcamɩ ɛ-tɛ lɛɣtʊ ñɩnɩɣ nɔmɔʊ taa kpaɣɖʊ 20 alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ. Hilbert nɛ e-sukuli piyaa tɩlɩtʊ siŋ sukuli hɔɔlʊʊ taa yaa sukuli tɛ ɛsɩnda ɖɛnaʊ yɔ pɩlɩna koŋ lɛɣtʊ nɔmɔʊ taa kɔzɩ kɔzɩ kpɛdɛ naa tɔm taa nɛ ɖama maɣzɩnaʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa.
Hilbert laba sukuli kɛ hɛkʊ taa sukuli taa nɛ Königsberg sukuli kɩtɛzɩɣ taa. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa palʊla-ɩ. Peeɖe ɛmʊ ɖɔkɔtɔ naa sɔsaa takayaɣ ɛlɛ, Ferdinand von Lindemann cɔŋa ɛ-yɔɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1885 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, ɛcɛlɛ ɛ-takayaɣ ŋga ɛma yɔ nɛ payaɣ se Über invariante Eigenschaften specieller binärer Formen, insbesondere der Kugelfunctionen. Alɩwaatʊ kʊyʊmtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛ, Hermann Minkowski laakɣ ɖɔɖɔ sukuli ŋgʊ kɩ-taa. Papɩsɩ tabala siŋ nɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa peeɖe mbʊ yɔ pa-taa paweyi lɛ, ɛ-tɛ lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ ɖeu ɛzɩ pɩkpaɖɩ lɛlʊ yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1886 ŋtalɩ 1895 alɩwaatʊ taa mbʊ yɔ Hilbert pɩsɩ wɩlɩyʊ kɛ Königsberg sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa. Pɩnaɣ 1892 taa ɛkpaɣ halʊ, paya-ɩ se Käthe Jerosch (1864-1945), nɛ pɩsɩŋa lɛ, pɛwɛna pɩɣa eveleɣ paya kaka se Franz. Pɩnaɣ 1895 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, pɩtɩŋna Felix Klein tɔm yɔɔ lɛ, pakpa-ɩ se ɛkɛ lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩyaa nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʊ Göttingen sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa mbʊ lɛ, Göttingen pɩsɩ lone ndɩ ɖɩmʊ niye lɛɣtʊ ñɩnɩɣ nɔmɔʊ taa yɔ. Hilbert wɛ peeɖe pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ ɛ-tɛ hɛzɩɣ alɩwaatʊ pɩnaɣ 1930 taa.
Kpaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 20 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, ɛtɔ se pʊtʊmʊna halʊ se ɛwɩlɩ sukulɩ kɛ Prusse sukuli kɛtɛzʊʊ taa. Pʊkɔma ɛzɩ 1910 mbʊ yɔ lɛ, Hilbert seɣti Emmy Noether pana ñaɣʊ, ɛɛkɛ lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩyʊ kajalaɣ tʊ, weyi ɛpɔzaɣ se ɛwɩlɩ Göttingen sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa. Pɩsa koyondina tisi lɛ, ɛpɩsɩna se sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛkɛ Turiki ɛyaa tɛ ŋgʊ.
Mɩndʋ
N̄ɩnɩyaa cɔlɔ lɛ, ɛsɔtaa mɩndʊ kɛna mbʊ ɛyʊ naɣ nɛ ɛ-ɛsa pe yɔ. Pɩkɛna ɖoluu tɩyɛ yaa ɛzɩ ɖɔm pe sɔsɔna kpeeliɣ na nɛ pɩwɛɛ ɛsɔtaa nɛ pɩcɔʊ keteŋga nɛ pɩtaŋ.Ɛsɔtaa mɩndʊ tɛ hʊlʊnzɩ yaa wɛtʊ lɩɣna wɩsɩ nzɩ sɩwɛɛ yɔ yaa hɔɔlʊ ŋgʊ kɩtaa tɩwɛɛ yɔ. nabʊyʊ taa lɛ pɩlɩɣna tɩtɛ posiɣ nɛ tɛtʊ yaa ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ mbʊ nɛ mbʊ pɩwɛ tɩtaa yɔ.
Ɖolu ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Ɛsɔtaa mɩndʊ taa yɔ, kɩlɩna lɩm pɛ wena awɛ ɛsɔtaa mɩndʊ ndʊ tɩtaa yɔ. Lɩm pɛ ana, ana ayɔlɩɣna nɛ piniidiɣ keteŋga yɔɔ ɛzɩ ɖolu tɩyɛ yɔ. Lɩm feveku ŋgʊ kɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ kɩwɛ ɛsɔtaa mɩndʊ taa yɔ, kɩtɛ ɖɔʊ lɩɣna wɩsɩ feveku ŋgʊ kɩwɛ yɔ kɩ-cɔlɔ: Soŋgaɣ ɛwɛɛ, ɛsɔtaa mɩndu pɩsɩɣ tɩwɛna feveku pɩɖɔɔ sɩŋŋŋ ɖɔɖɔ.
Tarɛsalam
Tarɛsalam kɛŋna Tanzanii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ. Tɩwalanzɩ taa maɣna ɛzɩ 162 km2 nɛ tɩ-taa kɛ ɛjaa kɩla ɖɔʋ kɛ Tanzanii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ lɛɛtʋ. Pɩnaɣ 2005 taa pakalɩ ɛyaakɛ tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩ-taalɛ pɛkpɛnda ɛyaa 2 456 100 ɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 2012 taa patasɩ-wɛɛ kalɩɣ lɛ paɖɛ ɛyaa ɛzɩ miliyɔnaa naanza nɛ kutokiŋ naatozo yɔ. Tarɛsalam tɔbʋʋ kɛlɛ se laŋhɛzɩyɛ dɩɣa. Tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa kɛ tɔsʋʋ nɛ ɛsɩndaa wobu kɩlɩ wɛʋ.
Tarɛsalam tɛtʋ wɛ Tanzanii ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ pɩwɛ Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa pɔɔ ŋga kɔcɔlɔ kpam, pɩñɔtɩna Ŋsɩmbazi Pɔɔ yɔ. Tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ tʋnɛ tɩ-posʋʋ taa nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛ tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩkɛ ɖɔɖɔ sɔsɔtʋ nɛ tɩ-taa kɛ kewiyaɣ tʋma sɔsɔna wɛɛ nɛ payaɣ-tʋ se todoma yɔ nɛ kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ 500 yɔ. Pɩsa nɛ papɩzɩ nɛ pɔcɔna Tarɛsalam tɛtʋ yɔɔ camɩyɛ lɛ, pɛtɛyɩ-tʋ tɔm kagbanzɩ taa: Ilala, Kinondoni, Temeke, Uboŋgo nɛ Kigamboni.
Tarɛsalam tɛtʋ nɛ ajɛyaa naayɛ taa tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ ɖʋ taabalɩyɛ yaa ɖama nɩnaʋ nɛ ɛsɩnda wobu nɛ tʋma labʋ nɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ dʋ yɔ: Samsuŋ (Tuurkii), Hamburgi (Caama) nɛ Yiwu (Siini).
Sʊyɛdɩ
Suyɛdɩ kɛna Erɔpɩ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛ Erɔpɩ nɛ haayʊ kiŋ ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se Sikandinavi yɔ ɖɩ-taa. Ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Sitɔkɩholom nɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ yɔ ŋgʊ lɛ Sʊyɛdiwaa.
Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩzɩ kamaɣ nɛ Fɛlandɩ piyele nɛ wɩszɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ Nɔrɩvɛzɩ ɛjaɖɛ, pɩzaaʊ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ yɔ Tanimarikɩ. Hayʊ kiŋ lɛ ɛyaa mba payaɣ-wɛ se Laponiwaa yɔ mba wɛna peeɖe. Samwaa kɛŋna Sikandinavi taa mba pacalɩ caaʊ yɔ.
Sʊyɛdɩ wɛ Erɔpɩ ajɛya kpeekpe kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ paya se UE yɔ ɖɩ-taa ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1995. Erɔpɩ kpeekpe taa lɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ lɛ kagbaanznɩ nɖɩ wena akɩla walanzɩ nɛ ɖɩwalanzɩ taa maɣna ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaaagbaba 449 964. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɩlɩ walanzɩ Erɔpɩ taa yɔ nɖɩ lɛ Rusi, pɩwayɩ lɛ Ukirɛnɩ, Fransɩ, Ɛsɩpañɩ nɛ Sʊyɛdɩ tɩŋ awayɩ.
Sʊyɛdɩ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ payaɣ se Urban Ahlin nɛ komina ñɩnʊ yɔ Stefan Löfven. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa pakalɩ ɛyaa kɛ kamɩŋ fena 30 pɩnaɣ 2015 lɛ pɛkpɛndɩ miloyɔɔnaa 9 845 155.
Pisawo
Ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩcɔŋna kɩgalʊʊ yɔɔ yɔ kɩtɔŋ se pɩnaɣ 2007 taa pakalɩ ɛyaa kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛ paakpɛnda 400 000. Pɩnaɣ 1991 taa kɛ paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ sɔɔʊ nɛ ɛyaa kaawɛ 195 389.
Ɛzɩ ajɛyaa lɛɛnaa taa tɛtʊ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, Pisawo tɛtʊ ñɩnɩɣ se tɩna ajɛyaa naayɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ pɛkpɛndɩɣ nɛ palakɩ tʊma nɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩna Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Sɔnkiiŋ Chongqing yɔ palakɩna tʊmɩyɛ.
Mɩnjɩ mɩnjɩ wɛtʋ wɛʋ
Anjaʋ waa nabɛyɛ mɩnjɩ mɩnjɩ wɛtʋ wɛʋ kɛna lɛɣtʋ ndʋ, tɩwazaɣ kɛlɛ size aseɣɖe tɩnaa nabɛyɛ ɛna cɛzɩm taa mbɩ yɔ kɛ ɛyaa mba peciɣdiɣ patɩ nɛ payaɣ wɛ size mɛmvɛyɩ mɩnjɩ mɩnjɩ waa yɔ. Pɩtɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɛyaa mba pɛwɛ ɛzɩ anjaʋ waa yɔ.
Mɩnjɩ mɩnjɩ samaɣ ŋga, kɛwɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ, mba pataɣ wɛɛ tɔlɩm nɛ pɛwɛ ɛzɩ, anjaʋ waa yɔ. Mba papɩzɩʋ pala mɩnjɩ mɩnjɩ wɛtʋ ndʋ yɔ, pɛkɛ mba pɛwɛna wezuu, piciɣdiɣ nɛ pɔɖɔŋ powolo nɛ pɔkɔ nɛ papɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ, pala kaayɔɔdasɩ laɣsɩ yɔ.
Hʋnʋ hʋnʋ laɣsɩ tɩna panɛ, pɛkɛ yɔɔdɩyaa siŋŋ tɩna nabɛyɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Hʋna hʋna lakasɩ wɛtʋ paɖaɣna lɛɣzɩnaʋ sinimaɣ.
Sinimaɣ kʋnɛ kʋkʋʋ lɛ, kɩɖanɩʋ wɩlɩʋ mɩnjɩ mɩnjɩ wɛtʋ tʋnɛ kɛ, takayaɣ nakɛyɛ yɔɔ. Samaɣ caɣ kilingli nɛ kɔcɔŋna mbʋ pɩɖɩɩna labʋ nɛ pɩɖɛɣ yɔ.
Mɩla
Mɩɖɛ kɛ tɩʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ ɛzɩ ñɩyʊʊ yɔ nɛ kɩlɩna tɩŋ weyi ɛwɛna pee yɔ ɛ-tɛ cejewiye taa. Ɖɩ-tɛ lɛ, Afrika taa nɛ pahayʊʊ-ɖɩ yɔ ɖɩ-pee nɛ ɖɩ-hatʊ pɔyɔ yɔ. Mɩɖɛ kɛ mʊlʊm pee tɩŋ taa kagbanzɩ ŋgʊ samɩɖɛ nɛ mɔʊ nɛ kpɔnɔ mʊlʊm camɖɩyɛ nɛ tɩŋ piye ndɩ pahayɩɣ-ɖɩ kpɩna ɖʊʊ nɛ anasayɩ sɔlʊm puu hɔɔlʊʊ taa yɔ ndɩ ɖɩyaɣ se ɔrɩgɩ.
Lawɔsɩ
Lawɔsɩ kɛna Azii ilemiye taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛna ilemiye nɖɩ nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩye taa nɛ hadɛ kiŋ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ pɔɔ, kujomuu, teŋgu yaa lɩŋgamʊʊ nakʊyʊ tɔcɔɔ-ɖɩ nɛ pɩta. Lawɔsɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ajɛya wena asɩ ɖama nɛ kamaɣyɔ a-taa kɔyɔ: Tayɩlandɩ, Kambɔjɩ, Fɩyɛtɩnam nɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ.
Pamaza Lawɔsɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ 236 800 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe talɩɣ ɛzɩ 2 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2015 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 6 492 400 yɔ; pʊtɔbʊʊ se papɩzɩɣ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ yɔ 27,42 yɔ kɛ km2 taa. Hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ 19 pɩnaɣ 1949 kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ ɛlɛ agoza fenaɣ 1990 kɛ ɖɩwɛ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ siŋŋŋ. Payaɣ Lawɔsɩ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ se Bounnhang Vorachith nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ payaɣ se Thongloun Sisoulith.
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ lawɔsɩyɛɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Fiyantiyan. Yee ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛyaa nɔɔyʊ kɛ kaŋgalafu yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛma +856 ɛ-tɛ kaŋgalafu kpata yɔɔ pʊcɔ ŋɛ ɛɛma pɩtɛ ɛyʊʊ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ. Liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkjɩ-ɖɩ peeɖe yɔ payaɣ-ɖɩ se kipi.
Mɩla
Pɩkɛ tɩŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-ɖalakɩŋ makʊna mɛta kʊyʊmʊ yaa naatozo mbʊ yɔ nɛ kɩwɛ kulukulu kpaɣʊ yɔ ɛlɛ pɩ-ta sʊwa nɛ kɩyɔ wɛ hɛtʊ kpaɣʊ yɔ kpaɣʊ yɔ nɛ paa hayʊʊ tikuu cɩkpeluu ŋgʊ lɛ, kɩ-tɛ wɛ abalɩtʊ nɛ halɩtʊ kpakpa. Pakʊŋ mɩɖɛ pɩnaɣ taa paa ɛzɩmta nɛ ɖɩtɛ kʊmtʊ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ ɖɩ-tɛ niika ɖɔɔ pazɩ nɛ pakʊŋ-ɖɩ pʊpɔzʊʊ se patɩŋ pelem-ɖɩ kpagbaa.
Mɩɖɛ tɩʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-ta wɛ lelemɩnaɣ nɛ durrhine ŋgʊ kʊ-kʊ nɛ kʊ-ɖoŋ pasɩ pazɩ pazɩ alɩwaatʊʊ ndʊ tɩŋ pɩɣ nɛ kʊɖʊ pee yɔ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ pɩkɩlɩ ɖeʊ se patɩzɩ nɛ pʊcɔ pɔtɔɔ. Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, pahayɩɣ mɩla pɩtalɩ ɛkɩtarɩ waa 100000 pɩnaɣ 2012 taa pɩkɩlɩna haɖɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ nɛ pehiɣ mbʊ ɛkɩtarɩ kʊyʊmʊ taa talɩ kɩnto waa 58.
Mɩla kɛ tɔnaɣ ajɛyɛ sakɩyɛ taa Afrika taa nɛ Azii ajɛyaa taa. Pɔtɔkɩ a-tɛ pee ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ mɔʊ yɔ yaa panaŋgʊ mʊlʊm. Erɔpʊ ajɛyaa taa lɛ, palakɩ-yɛ pɩsɩkɩtɩ naa nɛ pɔtɔkɩ. Pɔtɔkɩ a-camɩyaa ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ pɔtɔkʊʊ fɩŋ fɩŋ naa yɔ. Popuu mɩla sʊlʊm kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Purkina Fasoo ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ Siini ɛ jaɖɛ taa. Siini taa lɛ, mbʊ kɩlɩ nɛ ɖeʊ nɛ Pékin sɔsɔɔ er guo tou 二锅头酒 yaɣ se mɩla sʊlʊm kʊhʊlɩmʊm nɛ paɖʊ pɩta tilali kɩsɛmʊʊ caʊʊ. Dolo nɛ cakpalo sɔnzɩ sʊlʊm hayi kiŋ ajɛyɛ taa popuu-pʊ nɛ mɩla nɛ patɩzɩ-pʊ lɩm taa pɩpɩɩna tɛɛtʊ.
N̄ɩɣlɩm tʋmɩyɛ laɣsɩ (Métallurgie)
N̄ɩɣlɩm tʋmɩyɛ laɣsɩ kɛna tɩlɩtʋ yaa ɛzakuliye lɔŋ n̄ɩnʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ labɩnaʋ nɛ n̄ɩɣlɩm wondu yaa n̄ɩɣtʋ (métaux). N̄ɩɣlɩm wondu yaa n̄ɩɣtʋ ndʋ, ɛzakuliye n̄ɩnɩtʋ yeki nɛ patɩlɩ tɩwaza siŋŋ kɛ tʋma ndɩ ndɩ ɖɩlaɖɛ pɩlɩʋ yaa hɔʋ taa.
Peeɖe patɩlɩʋ, ŋna palabɩna n̄ɩɣtʋ yaa n̄ɩɣlɩm wondu ndʋ nɛ tʋmɩyɛ, nɛ patɩlɩ tiɖoŋ nɛ tɩwazaɣ yɔ. Tʋma ndɩ ndɩ tɩlaɖɛ yaa hɔʋ taa peeɖe papɩsɩʋ n̄ɩɣlɩm yaa n̄ɩɣtʋ wondu (métaux) tʋnɛ kɛ mbʋ pɔsɔɔla yɔ nɛ pɩwɛna wazaɣ.
Ɖakpaɣ nɩtʋ yaa welesitu sakɩyɛ taa kɔyɔ, ɖɩnɩʋ size, payaɣ tʋma ndɩ nɖɩ ɖɩlaɖɛ pɩlɩʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa poluki n̄ɩɣtʋ yaa n̄ɩɣlɩm wondu ndɩ ndɩ wazaɣ n̄ɩndʋ yɔ size kpabʋ hɔʋ. Mbʋ yɔ, ɛzakuliye yaa tɩlɩtʋ ɖoŋ sɩɩʋnana tʋma ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩʋ yaa hɔʋ ŋgʋ.
Bashō Matsuo
Matsuo Bashō kɛ Sapɔŋ tʋ. Ɛkɛ abalʋ weyi ɛfɛyɩ felendu kaʋ yɔ. Palʋla ɖajaa sɔsɔ Matsuo Bashō ɛnʋ pɩnaɣ 1644 n̄ɩŋga taa. Tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa palʋla ɖajaa Matsuo Bashō ɛnʋ yɔ, payaɣ size Iga-Ueno.
N̄ɩɣlɩm tʋmɩyɛ laɣsɩ (Métallurgie)
N̄ɩɣlɩm tʋmɩyɛ laɣsɩ (métallurgie) tɔbʋʋ paza wɛʋ ɖɔŋ yaa hukaɣ pɩgbaʋ nɛ kpaɖʋ hiu nɛ nakʋ (19) n̄ɩŋgʋ taa kɛ mbɩ yɔ. Pɩpazɩna lubiyaa. Ɛzɩ pɔtɔŋʋ size hakiŋ yaa loozana lubu kɛ mbɩ yɔ. Ɖɛfɛɛ ɖɛfɛɛ nɛ pɩkɔ pɩn̄ɔ siŋŋ kɛ tʋma ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩʋ taa.
Bashō Matsuo
Ɛkɛ n̄amtʋ pɩɣa ɛ-taabalaa nɛ samaɣ ŋga ɛwɛ ka-taa yɔ kɛ-sɩnda. Ɛ-pɩcatʋ taa ɛɛkɛ pɩɣa ŋga kɛwɛ lɛɣtʋ siŋŋ yɔ. Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Matsuo Bashō sɩba kamɩŋ fenaɣ taa kɩyakʋ hiŋ naalɛ nɛ lutozo (28) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye pɩnaɣ 1694 n̄ɩŋga taa ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ Sapɔŋ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛtʋ taa peeɖe. Egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛsɩba yɔ nɖɩ-ɩ payaɣ size Ōsaka. Sakɩyɛ sɩma-ɩ siŋŋ nɛ ɛ-hɩɖɛ cikpeɖe kʋɖʋmɖɩyɛ nɖɩ paya-ɩ size Bashō yɔ. Hɩɖɛ cikpeɖe nɖɩ, nɖɩ-ɩ pakɩla-ɩ yaʋ ɛ-pɩcatʋ taa. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ cikpeɖe nɖɩ, ɖɩ-tʋbʋʋ kɛlɛ kɛlɛʋ size "ɛyabɩyɛ tɩʋ".
Ɖajaa sʋsɔ ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ koowa maɖʋ sɔsɔ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ Japɔŋ tɛtʋ taa.
Sapɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa koosi maɖaa naanaza sɔsaɣ hɩla kɔ yɔ : ɖajaa sɔsɔ Bashō, nɛ ɖajaa sɔsɔ Buson, nɛ pɩtasɩna ɖajaa sɔsɔ Issa, nɛ pɩtɛmna ɖajaa sɔsɔ Shiki. Koosi maɖʋ sɔsɔ weyi ɛna-ɩ palʋkaɣna ɖama yɔ, ɛlɛ hɩɖɛ lɛ Akira Kisaï.
N̄ɩɣlɩm sika
Ñɣlɩm sika kɛna élément chimique nɛ kɩ-mayaɣ kɛna 79 ŋga. Mayɩsɩ lɛɛsɩ hɛkʊ taa lɛ, payaɣ-kɛ tobi taa yem se Au. Ñɩɣlɩm sika kɛna kɛwɛ ɖeu kamaɣ fɛyɩ nɛ paa anɩ ɛsɔɔla se ɛwɛna-kɛ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ŋga palakɩn a liidiya nɛ kɛkɛna acana pʊyʊ ɖooo lɔŋ taa ɖɔɖɔ.
Pʊcɔ nɛ ñɩɣlɩm sika kɛna pamakɩ-kɛ nɛ kañɩlɩzɩʊ pɛlɛ pɛlɛ lɛ kaawɛ ɛzɩ putoo yaa kesi tɩyɛ yɔ yaa ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ pʊʊɖɛ yɔ. Ñɩlɩm sika ŋga kalɩna kaaŋ weyi tɛʊ tɔɔ-ɩ nɛ ɛ-taa kaawɛ ñɩɩtʊ ndʊ yɔ. Ñɩlɩm sika kanɛ kɛwɛ ndɩ ndɩ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ kɛwɛ caaɣ yɔ: kapɩzɩɣ kɛkɛ filon, ñɩɣlɩm pʊnɛ pʊbʊ ñalɩɣna kaaŋ ultrabasique taa nɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɩm ɖɔŋna ñɩzɩɣ kaaŋ pazɩ pazɩ nɛ pikpeɣli nɛ pɩpɩsɩ sika.
Ñɩlɩm sika ŋga patatɩɩlubita-yɔ, kɛwɛ ɖeu nɛ papɩzɩɣ pamɩlɩtɩ-kɛ yaa polubi-kɛ mbʊ pɔsɔɔlaa yɔ; pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, pɩkɛna ñɩɣñɩʊ ŋgʊ kɩsa miŋsiŋŋŋ kuhukuu yɔ. Pɩkɛna ñɩɣʊyʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ ɛzɩ sʊtʊ lɩm yɔ nɛ kɩɩmʊʊkalɩkɔdaɣ yɔ, paa kɩɩwɛ lɩm taa yaa awayɩ yem kɔyɔ. Mbʊ yebina kpem nɛ ñɩɣlɩm sika ŋga paa anɩ ɛsɔɔlɩ kɔ-tɔm ɛzɩ pʊyʊ yɔ.
Ɖooo ɛzɩ pɩlɩɣ ñɩɣlɩm sika kanɛ kɔyɔɔ nɛ papaɣzɩ-kɛ huyuu yɔ, pakpaɣ nɛ pamaɣzɩ nɛ pʊkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 2010 kɔyɔ pɩɖɛ ɛzɩ tɔɔnɩwaa 166 000 yɔ. Pɔtɔma se pamaɣzɩɣna sikiɖi pɔɔyʊʊ kɔyɔ, ɖaalakɩŋ hɔɔlʊ kʊɖʊmʊʊ ɖɛ ɛzɩ mɛtanaa nɛɛlɛ yɔ.
Ñɩɣlɩm sɩka kanɛ maawʊʊ yaa ñɩɣlɩm momoɖe taa kɛ palakɩ ka-tʊmɩyɛ.
David Ricardo
Richard David, palʊla-ɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 19 pɩnaɣ 1772 kɛ Lɔndrɩ tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛsɩ salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 11 pɩnaɣ 1823 alɩwaatʊ taa Gatcombe Park tɛtʊ taa. Ɛyʊ ɛnɛyɔ ɛɛkɛ Pritaniki ɛjaɖɛ taa tɔsʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ nɛ ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ kɩlɛzʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ laɖʊ nɛ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyʊ. Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛɛkɛ tɔsʊʊ tʊ weyi ɛmaɣzaɣ lalaa yɔɔ yɔ yaa ɛwɛna lalaa yɔɔ sɔlɩm yɔ kɛ cɔlɩɩ sukuli alɩwaatʊ pɩkɩlɩ Adam Smith nɛ Thomas Malthus.
David Ricardo kɛ pɩɣa natozo ŋga kɛ piyaa hiu nɛ lʊbɛ cejewiye weewe ñɩnɖɛ naɖɩyɛ taa. Cejewiye nɖɩ ɖɩkɛ Yuda mba (ɖɩlɩna Pɔrtigaali ɛjaɖɛ taa), ɖɩ-tɛ Peyibaa ŋɖɛʊna Aŋglɩtɛɛrɩ kiŋ pʊcɔ palʊlɩ-ɩ. Ɛtalɩ pɩnzɩ 14 lɛ, ɛpɩsɩ ɛ-caa cɔlɔ Lɔndrɩ ɖenɖe ɛpazɩɣ kpɛlɛkʊʊ ɛzɩma liidiye tɔm kɛna yɔ.
Ricardo lɔ Yuda ɛyaa tɛ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ e-liɖe taa nɛ ese nɛ ɛɖɛɛ ɛ-nɛ pɩɣyɩyaa tɛ halɩpɩɣa nakɛyɛ, mbʊ lɛ, ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 21, halɩpɩɣa ŋga payaɣ se Priscilla Anne Wilkinson, ŋga ɛkpaɣ halʊ ɖɔɖɔ pitileɖi. E-ɖoo taa wɛ akoza pana mbʊ lɛ, ekizi ɛtasɩ-ɩ yɔɔdɩnaʊ. Wɛɛ ana a-taa Ricardo pɩsɩ kʊyʊm lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tʊ.
Ɛzɩma ekiza e-cejewiye yɔ pɩsɩ-ɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛpɩsɩ ɛ-tɩ kɛ kɩlɛzʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ laɖʊ. Ɛ-kajalaɣ takayasɩ nzɩ ɛma pɩlɩna cenjinaa tɔm yɔ Napoléon yoŋ alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ, wɛ ɛzɩ paɣtʊ takayasɩ nzɩ posusa sɩ-tɔm Morning Chronicle taa yɔ kɛ kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1809 nɛ 1810 hɛkɩŋ taa yɔ.
Ɛ-tɛ kɩlɛzʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ pɩsɩ- ñɩm tʊ sɔsɔ pʊcɔ ɛmʊ ɛ-tɛ hɛzʊʊ takayaɣ pɩnaɣ 1814 taa mbʊ lɛ, ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 42. Ɛpɩsɩ Gatcombe Park taa nɛ ɛtayɩ e-fezuu caɣʊ politiki taa nɛ tɔsʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa. Ɛsʊʊ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa tʊmɩyɛ Pritaniki ɛjaɖɛ pɩnaɣ 1819 taa nɛ ɛcaɣ peeɖe pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1823, pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa ɛsɩba. Ɛkɛ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyʊ lɛ, ɛkandɩ paale tadɩyɛ labʊ yɔ nɛ ɛdʊ kaʊ Corn Laws (pʊtɔbʊʊ se pilee paɣtʊ yɔ) ndʊ palɩzɩ pɩnaɣ 1815 taa yɔ.
Taakaa
Taakaa kɛna Paŋgɩladɛɛsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ nɛ ndʊ tɩkɩla paɣlʊ yɔ. Peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ palakɩ politiki tʊma sɔsɔna nɛ kediizasɩ sɔsɔsɩ payɩ. Tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ pɔɔ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ se Purigaŋga yɔ kɛ-tɛ kidiiliŋ lɩmɩyɛ yɔɔ. Pacala kigalʊ kalʊ lɛ pɩɩkɛ pɩnaɣ 1872 nɛ ɛyaa kaakpɛnda 69 213. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa tɔsʊʊ nɛ tadɩyɛ ɖɔŋ camɩyɛ pʊ-yɔɔ kɛ ɛyaa kʊyʊʊ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ powoki peeɖe, mbʊ yebina nɛ ɛyaa hʊkʊʊ lɔŋ lɔŋ.
Pɩnaɣ 1951taa pakalɑ kɩgalʊ lɛ, ɛyaa kpɛnda 336 000. Ɛyaa paaza hʊʊ camɩyɛ kɛ peeɖe alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ mʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ caaʊ kɛ pɩnaɣ1971. Pɩnaɣ 1974 taa lɛ ɛyaa kpɛnda 1 680 000, pɩnaɣ 1981 lɛ palɩ 3 440 000, pɩnaɣ 1991 ɛyaa wɛ 6 150 000, pɩnaɣ 2004 taa lɛ ɛyaa talɩ ɛzɩ 10 403 957.
Ɛndɩ tɛtʊ kpeekpe taa lɛ Taakaa taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ nɛ pɩnaɣ 200 taa pakala-wɛ lɛ paakpɛnda 7 000 940 nɛ pɩnɑɣ 2010 taa lɛ ɛyaa kpɛnda miliyɔɔnaa hiu nɛ kagbanzɩ (15 000 000). Pakpaɣ keteŋa kpeekpe taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ tɩŋa kɔyɔ, Taakaa kɛŋna nakʊ ñɩndʊ eyaa ɖɔʊ taa. ɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa maɣna kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ 153,84. Payaɣ Taakaa tɛtʊ yɔɔ cɔnɔyʊ se Sadeque Hossain Khoka.
Taɣʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ
Taɣʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ kɛ sakɩyɛ ñaɖaɣna yaʋ size, n̄ɩɣʋ tʋmɩyɛ. Taɣʋʋ yaa ñɩɣʋ tʋmɩyɛ kɛna lɛɣtʋ yaa lɔŋ kpɛm weyi ɛwazʋʋ yaa ɛhaɣ ɖoŋ nɛ pʋlʋlɩ coo yaa kuu yɔ. Pɩkɛna taɣʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tʋmɩyɛ kɛlɛ size ɖɩla nɛ pɩyʋ huu yɔ. N̄ɩɣʋ tʋmɩyɛ yekina nɛ, tɔm kɩmamatʋ wɛɛ camɩyɛ nɛ samtʋ mʋna tʋ. Taɣʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ ɖʋʋna hɩɖɛ yaa samtʋ kɛ tɔm kɩmamatʋ ndʋ nɛ tɩmayʋ. Pamaa tɔm nɛ posusi tʋʋ lɛ, tɩhɩɖɛ kʋyʋʋ nɛ pasamtʋ poliŋ taa. Ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ tɔm mayaa ɛzɩ payaʋ nɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "écrivains" waa kɔyɔɔ yɔ, pamaɣzɩ tɔm natʋyʋ nɛ pɔsɔɔlɩ size tɩlɩɩ nɛ tɩtɔyɩ nɛ paa weyi ɛnɩɩ tɔm ndʋʋ lɛ, pama tʋ takayaɣsɩ taa nɛ pala taɣʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ. Taɣʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ yɔɔ patɩŋgʋna nɛ tɔm kɩmamatʋ takayaɣsɩ ɖɔɔ nɛ pɩtalɩna paa tɔm kalɩyʋ weyi lɛ. Taɣʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ, pɩcɔ nɛ ɖɩtʋmɩyɛ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ camɩyɛ lɛ, pɩpɔzʋʋ size ɖɩ-tʋmɩyɛ wondu ɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ camɩyɛ. Taɣʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ wonuu yaa kɩlabɩnaʋ fevere n̄ɩŋgʋ lɛ takayaɣ hayʋʋ. Lɛɣtʋ ndɩ ndɩ ndʋ payɩ taɣʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ ɖɔŋ tɩyɔɔ yɔ, ndʋ payaɣ size ɖɔnɛ yaa lɛɛzʋ mayaɣ nɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa lɛ, paya size "chaîne graphique". Pɩcɔ pala taɣʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ lɛ, pɩpɔza size pama tɔm nɛ pɩɖɔɔ siŋŋ kɛ takayɩ hatʋ sakɩyɛ yɔɔ.
Pama tɔm kɩkalɩtʋ ndʋ nɛ tɩwɛɛ lakasɩ sɩnɛɛyɔ kɛ takayaɣ taa : takayaɣsɩ kɩkalɩsɩ hɔkʋʋ (reliure) tɩyɛ. Tɩpɩzʋʋ ɖɔɖɔ tɩwɛ takayaɣsɩ kɩkalasɩ hatʋ kpiyuu (pliure) tɩyɛ. Matʋ natʋyʋ n̄ɛwɛ nɖeke nɖeke (brochure) tɩyɛ. Kedeŋa yaa ɛjaɖɛ kpeekp tɛ naalɛ you sɔsɔʋ tɛ alɩwaatʋ taa kɛ, pɛlɛɛza hɩɖɛ taɣʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ (imprimerie) nɛ tʋma ndɩ ndɩ lɛɛzʋʋ mayaɣ nɛ pama-ɖɩ nɛ fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa size «industries graphiques».
Wɛlɛsɩ
Wɛlɛsɩ kɛna Kewiyaɣ kikpɛndaɣ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛna Pretaañɩ Sɔsɔʊ tɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ɖi-hadɛ kiŋ lɛ, Pristɔɔlɩ hɛnga wɛna; wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ ɖɩ-hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Irilandɩ teŋgu ñɛwɛna piyele nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Aŋgletɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ wɛna. Pamaza Wɛlɛsɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖi-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ 20 779 km2. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2011 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 3 063 456 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yee pakalɩɣ ɛyaa km2 taa kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ 147 yɔ. Payaɣ Wɛlɛsɩ kewiyaɣ yɔɔ kandɩyʊ kɩfalʊ se Theresa May nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ payaɣ se Carwyn Jones. Kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-ɩ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ɩnʊ lɛ Kaalʊwaa nɛ Ɛŋglisi. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖi-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Kardifi nɛ yee ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛyaa nɔɔyʊ kɛ kaŋgalafu yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛma +44 ɛ-tɛ kaŋgalafu kpata yɔɔ pʊcɔ ŋɛ ɛɛma pɩtɛ ɛyʊʊ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ. Pakpzʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ kɩɖaʊ kɛdɛɛka nɛ pɛtɛ lɛ, wendu ndʊ petɛʊ yɔ, ndʊ lɛ se Man-caanaa tɛtʊ kɩpɩndʊ. Pɛtɛŋ-tʊ teu lɛ, pocosuu se Wɛlɛsɩ ɛjaɖɛ wɛ paaɖooye.
Reich naatozo ŋgʊ
Reich naatozo tɛ ŋgʊ, pɩkɛ tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩwɩlɩɣ se pɩkɛ Caama ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ Adolph Hitler ɖɩyaɣ yɔ kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1933 ŋtalɩ 1945 taa yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩtakizi paɣtʊ mbʊ pɩnaɣ 1933 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, tɔmpiye Reich wɛɛ mbʊ nɛ ɖɩkɛ Caama ɛjaɖɛ kewiyaɣ hɩɖɛ, kɛ kewiyaɣ nɛ politiki takayasɩ kpeekpe taa nzɩ Caama ɛjaɖɛ ma pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1945 taa yɔ. Paa ɖoye, kpaɣna tɩyɔɔ wɛʊ takayaɣ pɩnaɣ 1943, tɔmpiye Grossdeutsches Reich sakɩyɛ kewiyaɣ ŋga ka-taa kaakɩlɩ sɔɔlʊʊ.
Adolf Hitler kaakɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɛ samaɣ yɔɔ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tʊma laɖaa ŋgbɛɣɛ nʊʊ tʊ Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei Caama kʊnʊŋ taa kɛlɛ, ɖɔɖɔ payaɣ se NSDAP). Tɔmpiye ɛjaɖɛ nɛ samaɣ yɔɔ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kɛ kɛlɛʊ taa Hitler nɛ e-kewiyaɣ tɛ politiki lɩmaɣza wena palaba yɔ nɛ peɖiyuu nɛ ɛjaɖɛ yɔ. Palɩzɩ ɛ-hɩɖɛ ɛ-lɩmaɣza takayaɣ taa nɛ pɩpɩ ŋgbɛɣɛ hɩɖɛ.
Pɩtɛ kewiyaɣ ŋga kaɖala katalɩ pɩnzɩ hiu nɛ naalɛ, kpaɣna Hitler ɛzɩ ɛjaɖɛ kewiyaɣ ñʊʊ tʊ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 30 pɩnaɣ 1933 alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pagba Reich agoza fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 1945 taa, pʊwayɩ lɛ, pagba Karl Dönitz kewiyaɣ kpaagba ŋga.
Fʊlɩsɩ Ɛjaɖɛ nɛ kpaŋgɩyɛ kewiyaɣ, nɛ kɛtɛ kɛkɛ cɛjɛyɛ kewiyaɣ yeke koŋ mbʊ lɛ, Adolf Hitler ɖiyaɣna-kɛ, natozo kewiyaɣ ŋga ɖɩyaɣ se Reich natozo ŋgʊ, ŋgʊ tɩna kedeŋga kpeekpe you naalɛ ŋgʊ Erɔpʊ ɛjaɖɛ taa, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa pʊkɔna yoŋ sɔsɔŋ nɛ kɩdɛkɛdɩm sakɩyɛ, Yuda ɛyaa ɖɩzɩtʊ (soowa) nɛ Tsigane waa Erɔpʊ taa. Pakʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ kalakasɩ yaa ɛyaa ajama. Sɔndʊʊ kpaɣ ɖoŋ nɛ pɩkaɣ. Kpɩtaŋ naalɛ wayi lɛ, Göring yele nɛ pakpa kpɛnɖɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɩnaa tɛ ɛyaa 10000. Ɛyaa padaa peeɖe lɛ, Ernest Thälmann, KPD ñʊʊ tʊ lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naatozo ŋgʊ wiye. Ɖomaɣ fenaɣ taa, salaka tɩna talɩ ɛyaa 30000. Kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1933 nɛ 1939 hɛkʊ taa mbʊ yɔ patalɩ ɛyaa 150000 ŋtalɩ 200000 salaka kuduyuŋ taa. Pakʊ ɛyaa ɛzɩ 7000 nɛ 9000 mbʊ yɔ. Ɛyaa sakɩyɛ sakɩyɛ seɣ Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Pilee
Pilee kɛ ɛyaa kpeekpe tɛ yatʊ. Payaɣ se pilee lɛ ɖɩnaɣ pɩ-taa peeɖe kɛ tɩŋ weyi pahayɩ-ɩ yɔ e-kpeekpe, ɛ-tɛ nɛ Triticum. Pɩkɛ pɩnaɣ taa tɛ tɩŋ, ɛ-tɛ nɛ tɩŋ weyi ɛlʊlʊʊ pee yɔ tɛ tɩmʊʊ liɖe taa nɛ pahayɩ-ɩ ajɛyɛ sakɩyɛ taa. Payaɣ se Pilee pɩwɩlʊʊ se pɩkɛ piye nɖɩ pɩ-tɛ tɩŋ lʊlʊʊ yɔ.
Pilee wɛ tɩŋ sɔsɔŋ niitozo taa kɩ-nɛ samɩɖɛ nɛ mɔʊ. Pɩnaɣ taa lɛ, tɔŋnɩnaa miiliyɔɔ naa 700 tɔnasɩ kpaɣʊʊ alɩwaatʊ taa. Kɛkɛ naatozo ŋga yuŋ hɔɔlʊʊ taa kedeŋga kpeekpe taa, nɛ kɩ-nɛ mɔʊ ɛyʊ kɩlɩɣ sɔɔlʊʊ tɔʊʊ. Pilee kɛ Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ajɛyɛ taa nɛ Moyen-Orient ɛsakuliye tɛ pɩyʊʊ sɩŋ kɛ ɛyʊ tɔnasɩ hɛkʊʊ taa. Pilee wɛ tɩndɩma naalɛ taa wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa cɔlɔ pɩlɩnɛ ñɩtʊʊ taa pilee nakʊyʊʊ cɔlɔ. Kɩɩwɛ ɖooo canaʊ sɔsɔʊ taa. Kajalaɣ kɩ-haɖaʊ lɩnɛ ɖooo kpaɣɖʊ 8 pʊcɔ palʊʊlɩ Yeesu-Krɩstʊ kɛ Mesopotamie ajɛyɛ taa nɛ Tigre kedeŋga taa nɛ Euphrate (sɔnɔŋgʊ payaɣ se Irak yɔ) nɛ mʊzʊŋ ageetaa sɔsɔnaa. Ɖɩcɔna nɛ ɖɩna yɔ pileenaa mba pa-naalɛ pa-taa lɛ ŋgʊ kɩ-yɔɔ fɛyɩ pɔyɩŋ yɔ kɩkɩlɩnɛ ɖɛʊ.
N̄ɩɣlɩm Ɛsɔ Kuduyuu (Temple d'Or)
N̄ɩɣlɩm Ɛsɔ Kuduyuu kɛna matʋ ndʋ tɩfɛyɩ yɔ tɩmatʋ kɛ Harmandir Sahib. Pʋtɔbʋʋ tobi kɛlɛ size «Ɛsɔ Kuduyuu hɩɖɛ sɛwa yaa hɩɖɛ kʋya». N̄ɩɣlɩm Ɛsɔ Kuduyuu ŋgʋ, kɩkɛ Sikhs nɩma kaɖɛ kuduyuu. Kuduyuu kʋnɛ, kɩwɛna Amritsar tɛtʋ hɛkʋ taa kiŋ kɛ Pɛnjab ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ, ɖɩɖɩ wɛna nɛ Ɛɛndɩ nɛ hayuu kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa kiŋ.
Pɩcɔ nɛ payaɣ hɩɖɛ ɖɩnɛ size, N̄ɩɣlɩm Ɛsɔ Kuduyuu lɛ, pɔjɔna ɛzɩ ɛnʋ ɛzɩ, pata kuduyuu kʋnɛ kɩtɩŋgɛ payɩ kɛ sika sɛmɩŋ tɔlɩm nɛ puhuzi katɩŋgɛ payɩ kɔyɔɔ yɔ. Pɩcɔ nɛ paɣtʋ lɩʋ yaa lɩmaɣza lɩʋ size pama n̄ɩɣlɩm Ɛsɔ kuduyuu kʋnɛ yɔ lɛ,ɖajaa sɔsɔ Gurû Arjan ka-hana nɔɔ yaa nʋmɔʋ nɛ matʋ tʋnɛ tɩpaɣzɩ pɩnaɣ 1601 tɛ alɩwaatʋ taa.
Sɔsɔ ɛnɛ ɛkɛ kɛna Sikhwaa tɛ ciyam yaa kalaza tɔm wɩlɩyʋ kagbanzɩ n̄ɩnʋ.
N̄ɩɣlɩm Ɛsɔ Kuduyuu ŋgʋ kɩ-tɛɛ peeɖe kɛ padaɣ kɔɔnɔɔ tʋ ɖajaa sɔsɔ Gurû Nanak wokaɣ nɛ ɛ-tɩmʋʋ yaa ɛ-lakɩ ɛ-kɩlaŋ a-tɩma. Ɖɩnɩ size N̄ɩɣlɩm Ɛsɔ Kuduyuu kʋnɛ, Afganistani ɛjaɖɛ taa mba tʋlaɣ youu kɩ-tɛ peɖe kɛ pɩnaɣ 1757 alɩwaatʋ taa. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa pɔyɔka kʋ naŋga naŋga. Ɛlɛ paɖanɩ kʋ maʋʋ pɩnzɩ nutozo wayɩ.
Pilee
Tɔzʊʊ kɩfam, pɩpazɩnɛ kpaɣdʊ 19 tɛmtʊ alɩwaatʊ taa pɩtɩŋɛ Vilmori Henry cɔlɔ nɛ ɛñɩɣ nesi lɩmazaɣ naatozo yɔ kɛnɛ. Kɔɔnaɣ lɛ, kʊdɔmɩŋ lʊbɩnaʊ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ wɛtʊ tɛ tɩlasɩ, yaɖɛ taa kɩlʊmʊm tɛ ñɩm kɔzɩ kɔzɩ ŋnɛʊʊ ŋgʊ palakɩ nɛ kpɔnɔ kɩbɩsɩɣ nɛ kɩ-tɛ pee ɖɔʊ tɔɔnaɣ kpaʊ alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ. Pɩtɛ tɔzʊtʊʊ ndʊ tɩkɔna kaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ ndɩ lɛ se pilee hɔndʊʊ ŋgʊ ɖɩma. Ɖɛzʊʊ mayaɣ kɛ tɛndɛŋga tɛɛ mbʊ lɛ, pilee kɩfalʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩlɩnɛ pilee hɔndʊʊ ñɩŋgʊ nɛ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ kpɛdɛ kpɛdɛ yɔ pɛ-tɛ tamsʊʊ cɔlɔ mbʊ yebina nɛ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ kpɛdɛ kpɛdɛ yɔ kɩle.
Kajalaɣ taa lɛ pʊwɛzɩ pɔtɔkaɣ pilee nɛ lɛɛŋ nɛ pʊwayɩ lɛ, patɩzʊʊ yaa pɔhɔkɩ ɛzɩ tɛɛʊ yɔ nɛ pʊpʊwayɩ kɔyɔ palakɩ-kʊ kɛkɛndɛyʊʊ kɩwɩlʊʊ pɩlɩnɛ namɩyɛ nɛ nem pɔ-yɔɔ naŋgʊʊ. Kɩpɩsɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ajɛyɛ kɛ kajalaɣ tɔɔnaɣ nɛ pɔtɔkɩ-kʊ tɔɔnasɩ ndɩ ndɩ taa kpaɣ ɛzɩ kpɔnɔ nɛ semuli nɛ mʊtʊ nɛ pɩsɩkɩtɩ naa taa. Pilee haɖaʊ takɩlɩ kaɖɛ ɛzɩ mɔʊ yɔ. Kɩ-haɖaʊ ɛpɔzʊʊ hayɩm taa ñɔzʊʊ sakɩyɛ yaa tʊmɩyɛ labʊ pʊɖɔɔ.
Piyaanoo
Piyaanoo kɛna cɩmʊʊ wonuu ŋgʊ pamakɩ-kʊ nɛ petɛɣ liŋ ndɩ ndɩ yɔ nɛ kɩwɛ cɩmɩŋ weyi pamakɩ-ɩ nɛ nimasɩ yɔ ɛ-taa.
Desmond Tutu
Ɛsɔ tɛ layʋ sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ se Desmond Mpilo Tutu yɔ, ɛkɛ Afrika nɛ Hadɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa tʋ. Palʋla-ɩ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʋ lʋbɛ (7) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1931 - 2021. n̄ɩŋga taa Klerksdorp tɛtʋ taa.
Piyaanoo
Weyi eluba-kʊyɔ, ɛɖʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ se ɛñɔɔzʋʋ cɩmɩŋ weyi pamakɩ-ɩ nɛ nimasɩ yem yɔ, pʊyɔɔ kɛ ɛlɩzɑ cɩmʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ ɛzɩ ñɩɣyʊʊ kɩmabʊʊ yɔ nɛ kɩpɩzɩɣ kɩlɛɣzɩ liŋ skɩyɛ wendu tɛu ytaa. Ñɩɣyʊʊ ŋgʊ pallɩza-kʊ ɖooo pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ hiu nɛ litoozo taa. Payaʊ se piyaanoo yɔ, kʊnʊŋ nakʊyʊ taa kɛlɛ nɛ pʊtɔbʊʊ se ɖɛfɛɛɛ ɛlɛ papɩzɩ ɖɔɖɔ pamabɩ-kʊ ɖɔɖɔ lɔŋ lɔŋ ɛzɩ ɛyʊ sɔɔlʋʋ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ.
Desmond Tutu
Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ tɛ Cejewiye nɖɩ payaɣ se  Aŋglikan  yɔ, ɖɩ-taa Fata Desmond Tutu lakɩ Ɛsɔ tʋm;yɛ. Fada ɛnɛ ɛkɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ yɔɔ lʋɖʋ siŋŋ Afrɩka nɛ hadɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ekizɩ yoŋ kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ cɩnɛ. Ɛ nɛ Afrɩka nɛ hadɛ ɛjaɖɛ tɛ Ñʋʋdʋ kɩbɩnʋ, Neelson Mandela palʋbɩna siŋŋ nɛ ɛyaa hɛkʋ taa tɛyɩtʋ yele wɛʋ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa.
Piyaanoo
Wondu ndʊ ndʊ ɖiteɣ yaa ɖɩnɩɣ yɔ, tɩtɩŋa tɩlɩna piyaanoo taa. Ɛlɛ ɖooo kɩbɩnjaazɩ wondu lɛ, pɔñɔɔzɩ-tʊ ɖɔɖɔ piyaanoo yɔɔ.
Desmond Tutu
Toovenum lɛ, ɖooo lɛ, Anasaayɩnaa tetisiɣ se pa nɛ ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaa pakaa nabʋyʋ Afrɩka nɛ hadɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa. Fada ɛnɛ, pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1984 n̄ɩŋga taa lɛ, pɔcɔna ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ labʋ taa nɛ paha-ɩ samtʋ nimiye takayaɣ.
Fada Desmond Tutu kɛŋna ubuntu Ɛsɔ tɔm kpɛlɛkʋʋ n̄ʋʋdʋ. Ɛsɔ tɔm kpɛlɛkʋʋ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ, ɖɩlʋkɩn samaɣ yaa ajɛɛ ɖama nɩnaʋ nɛ kpaɣʋ nɛ kpeyuu nɛ ceyuu pa-paɣtʋ n̄am yɔɔ. Ɛsɔɔla Ɛsɔ sam paa alɩwaayʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa.
Piyaanoo
Wondu teyaa sɔsaa tɩŋna piyaanoo yɔɔ pʊcɔ pɛkɛ mbʊ pɛkɛna yɔ, pʊyɔɔ kɛ pɔtɔŋ se piyaanoo kɛŋna wondu tewu yaa tɩ-wilɩɣ tɛ kacalaɣ lɔnzɩnɖʊ (pédagogue). Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, kɩwɛ kɛlɛʊ kpɛlɛkɩɣ taa, kɩlɛɣzɩɣ lɩŋ sakɩyɛ, kɩhaɣ hʊnʊm welesɩɣ taa nɛ pawʊ taa, kɩtakɩlɩ liidiya nɛ kɩlakɩ mbʊ kɩ-maɖʊ sɔɔlaa yɔ.
Desmond Tutu
Fada ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩcɔŋna toovenum ɖɔm nʋmɔʋ tʋma yɔɔ nɛ kpeyuu nʋmɔʋ tɛ n̄ʋʋ tʋ sɔsɔ kɔɔnɔɔ tʋ Afrika nɛ Hadɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛnʋ palɩza size ɛn̄ɩnɩ nɛ ɛtazɩ camɩyɛ nɛ patɩlɩ ɛzaɣtʋ ndʋ tɩɩlaba ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa Anasaayɩnaa nɛ ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaa pɛ-hɛkʋ taa tɛyɩtʋ alɩwaatʋ taa yɔ. Ɛnʋ ɖɔɖɔ ɛcɔŋnana Afrɩka nɛ hadɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa politiki ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩñɩnɩɣ se ɖɩkpa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-ñɩm mɩlɩyaa yɔ, ɖɩ-nɔɔ yɔɔ tʋ. nɛ pɔhɔ panɩŋg.
Pɔɔlɩ
Pɔɔlɩ kɛ Tarɩsɩ tɛtʊ taa tʊ. Pamaɣ ɛ-hɩɖɛ nɛ Yuuda n̄ɩma kʊnʊŋ taa se Sooli, ɛlɛ, pakalɩɣ se Sahulɩ. Krɩstʊ n̄ɩma n̄ayaɣ-ɩ se Pɔɔlɩ kiɖeɖeu. Paa pɩɩla ɛzɩma yɔ Tarɩsɩ tɛtʊ taa palʊlɩ Pɔɔlɩ, Turki ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛsɩba pɩnaɣ nɩɩnʊwa nɛ hiu nɛ naanaza nɛ pɩnaɣ nɩɩnʊwa nɛ hiu nɛ lutozo pɛ-hɛkʊ taa (64-68). Room tɛtʊ taa ɛsɩba. Ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ maɣmaɣ nɖɩ ɛlaba yɔ ɖɩ-yɔɔ lɛ, Krɩstʊ n̄ɩma Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ kpaɣ-ɩ se ɛkɛ-wɛ pʊyʊ siŋŋ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ pɔ-cɔzɔnaa sɔsaa lɛlaa yɔ pe-lidaʊ wɛnaʊ nʊmɔʊ taa. Ɛnʊ kɛŋna sɩyɩnaa layaa ajɛya tɛ Apositolo. Ɛcɔ Roma tɛtʊ kpeekpe taa ɛtakazɩ ɖoli. Ɛnʊ kɩlɩna takayɩsɩ maʊ nɛ ɛkɛdɩ ɖa-Kɩpaɣlʊ Yeesuu Krɩstʊ yɔɔ tɔm sakɩyɛ. Ɛsɔ kulaa nɛ ɛwɩlɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛlɩzɩ tʊm ndʊ ɖa-Kɩpaɣlʊ Yeesuu Krɩstʊ kɔyɔɔdaa yɔ tɩ-tɔbɩŋ payɩ.
Toovenum lɛ, Pɔɔlɩ taafɛyɩ Yeesuu Krɩstʊ tɛ Apostolo waa hiu nɛ naa pa-taa. Paa mbʊ yɔ, ɛyɔɔdɩ ɛ-takayɩsɩ nasɩyɛ taa se ɛkɛ ɖa-Kɩpaɣlʊ Yeesuu Krɩstʊ tɛ Apostolo yaa ɛ-tʊmlaɖʊ. Tɔmpiye «Apostolo» lɩnɩ Krɛsɩ kɩbɩnʊʊ kʊnʊŋ taa. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa lɛ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ kɛlɛ se «weyi petiyaa yɔ». Pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩkɛ se Yerusaalɛm ŋgbɛyɛ Wiyaʊ sɔsɔ tiyina pʊdʊ. Wiyaʊ ɛnʊ pakpaɣa se ɛwɛ siɣsiɣ. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ lɛ Yakubu. Krɩstʊ n̄ɩma ŋgbɛyɛ tɔŋ se pʊmʊna siŋŋ se pakpaɣ Pɔɔlɩ se ɛkɛ ɖa-Kɩpaɣlʊ Yeesuu Krɩstʊ tɛ Apostolo. Toovenum lɛ, ɖa-Kɩpaɣlʊ Yeesuu Krɩstʊ maɣmaɣ yɔɔdɩna Pɔɔlɩ Tamasɩ nʊmɔʊ taa. Ɖa-Kɩpaɣlʊ Yeesuu Krɩstʊ fema nɛ pɩla kɩyakɩŋ naanaza lɛ ɛya Pɔɔlɩ nɛ ɛsɔdaa kiŋ nɛ etiyi-i sɩyɩnaa layaa ajɛya taa se ewolo nɛ esusi ɛ-Tɔm kɩbandʊ ajɛya ana a-taa n̄ɩma. Ŋgʊ Pɔɔlɩ n̄owokaɣ Daamasɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa se ɛkʊyɩ mba pesewa nɛ pɛmɛlɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa yɔ. Toovenum lɛ, Pɔɔlɩ ɛnʊ ɛkʊyaɣa mba patɩŋaɣ Krɩstʊ nʊmɔʊ yɔ pɔ-yɔɔ siŋŋ. Ɛkʊ pa-taa ɛyaa sakɩyɛ. Ɛwɩlaɣ n̄aŋ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ mba patɩŋaɣ Krɩstʊ nʊmɔʊ taa yɔ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Krɩstʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-tɛ Apostolo waa.
Pɔɔrto-noovoo
Pɔɔrto-noovoo kɛŋna Peenɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsʊtʊ natʊyʊ nɛ tɩwɛna ɛjaɖɛ ndɖɩ nɛ ɖɩ-hadɛ kiŋ. Ɖooo lɛ, payawaɣ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ (Peenɛɛ) se Ɖahʊma. Payaɣ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ kɩfalʊ se Emmanuel Zossou.
Pɩnaɣ 2013 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ ŋgʊ peeɖe yɔ, paana ɛyaa 264 320, nɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-wallanzɩ landammm taa makɩɣna ɛzɩ ɛkɩtaarɩnaa 11 000 yaa kilomɛtanaa 110. Kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pɔyɔɔdɩɣ Pɔɔrto noovoo tɛtʊ taa yɔ ɛnʊ lɛ: fransɩ, Kɛŋŋ nɛ Yuruba.
Ɛzɩ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ lɛɛtʊ yɔ, Pɔɔrto-noovoo tɛtʊ nɛ ajɛyaa naayɛ taa ñɩndʊ paɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ palakɩ tʊma kʊɖʊma ɛlɛ, lɛɛlɛɛ taa lɛ, tɩ-nɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊy ndʊ payaɣ se Sɛɛrgii yɔ, peeɖeke palakɩna tʊma. Paliza-ɩ pinde pɩnaɣ 2015 taa nɛ paasɩŋ pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa ɛkaɣ tɛm yɔ.
Pɔɔlɩ maɖʋ
Pɔɔlɩ maɖʋ kɛ kpɛndʋ tɛ amʋʋza kpɛm n̄ɩna. Paalɩ payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ size pom pom. Paalɩ kʋnɛyɔ, kɩ-taa nɛ helim ɖo, pamakɩ kʋ nɛ naŋgbaŋzɩ. Kadaɣ nakayɩ yɔɔ maɖaa tɛyʋ ɖama hɔlɩŋ nɩɩlɛ hadɛ nɛ hayi, hiu nɛ kʋɖʋm hiu nɛ kʋɖʋm, pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩkɛna n̄ɩtʋ kadaɣ ŋga pɛhɛ-kɛ kɩhɛʋ nɛ tɔlɩm yɔ. Pʋpɔsaɣ mbʋ siŋŋ yɔ, mbʋ yɔ size paɣ hɔlʋʋ maɖaa mb́a lɛ, pɛcɛɩ pa-tɩ nɛ paɖʋ kooli ɛzɩ payaɣʋ size kpaaɖɛ yɔɔ maɖaa hɔlʋʋ lɛkʋ. Paalɩ naŋgbaŋzɩ n̄ɩŋgʋ kʋnɛyɔ, kɩlɛɛ pazɩɣ ɖoo lɔŋ Iŋglɩsɩ mba tɛ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa.
Pɩnaɣ 2006 taa lɛ, kedeŋa yɔ maɖaa katɛma talʋʋ ɛzɩ 264 miiliyɔɔ yɔ. Ɖɩcɔna ajɛɛ sakɩyɛ taa payɩ kɔyɔ, naŋgbaŋzɩ paalɩ kɛna kɔɔnɔɔ tɛ spɔɔɖɛ aleɣya n̄ɩŋgʋ ŋgʋ kɩkɛ sɩpɔɔrɩ sɔsɔʋ yɔ. Ɖɩkpaɣ kedenzi sɩnɛ yɔ : kedeŋa Afrika tɛtʋ, nɛ kedeŋa Amerika tɛtʋ, nɛ kedeŋa Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ kɔyɔ, sɩkɛ kedenzi nsɩ naŋgbaŋzɩ pom pom mabʋʋ spɔɖɛ tɔyɩɩna pɩkɩlɩ yɔ. Sɩpɔɔrɩ ŋgʋ kʋtɔyaa mbʋ yɔ kɩmabʋ fɛyɩ na tʋkasɩ pʋɖɔɔ nɛ mbʋ ŋwɛna nɛ pɩcɔ ŋma yɔ pʋtɔɖɔ kuu. Ɖɩkpaɣ fenaɣ takayaɣ kɔyɔ, ɖɩ-naɣ size pɛtɛyɩ ka-mazɩtʋ hɔlɩŋ nɩɩlɛ : maɖaa akpeɣla hɔlʋʋ nɛ ajɛɛ maɖaa hɔlʋʋ lɛkʋ. Kedeŋa kpeekpe paalɩ naŋgbaŋzɩ ŋgʋ mabʋ kʋjɔʋ ajɛɛ kpeekpe tɛ mazɩtʋ ndʋ tɩkɩlaɣ leleŋ pɩŋŋ yɔ. Paa pɩnsɩ nanaaza nsɩ wayɩ lɛ pamakaa paalɩ naŋgbaŋzɩ n̄ɩŋʋ kʋjɔʋ ŋgʋ, pɩkɔ pɩsɩna pɩnaɣ 1930 (ɛlɛ pataama pɩnzɩ sɩnɛyɔ 1938 nɛ 1950 sɩ-taa).
Mazɩtʋ ndɩ nɖɩ wɛ nɛ pɩcɛlɩnaɣ nɩnaʋ angba wena akpelaɣ ɖama hɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa ajɛɛ taa nɛ amakɩ paalɩ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. Hɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ paalɩ maɖaa akpeɣla, wɛna masɩtʋ natʋyʋ nɛ payaɣ tʋ size wabʋtʋ ŋgbɛ nɛ ɖiloyisi kɔyɔ : UEFA. Ɛzɩma ɛnʋsɩ Erɔpɩ ɖɛ nɔɔ paalɩ mabʋ hɔlʋʋ taa yɔ lɛ, peɖe pamakɩ kʋ. Spɔɖɛ hɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, samtʋ nimiye nɖɩ paa maɖaa mba lɛ pakɩlʋ n̄ɩnʋ.
Lugizamburi
Lugizamburi kɛna Erɔpʊ ilemiye snɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ tɔcɔɔ-ɖɩ nɛ pɩta. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa nɛ hayʊ kiŋ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖi se Pɛlɩziki yɔ ɖɩsɩna kamaɣ piyele nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, Caama ɛjaɖɛ ñɛwɛna, pɩkazɩ hadɛkiŋ lɛ, Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ wɛna kamaɣ yɔɔ.
Pamaza Lugizamburi ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ 2 586,4 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe takɩlɩ ɖɔʊ. Pɩnaɣ 2017 taa pakala kɩgalʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ, pan ɛyaa ɛzɩ 590 667 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yee pakalɩɣ ɛyaa km2 taa kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ 228,4 yɔ. Mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ 9 pɩnaɣ 1815 kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ. Payaɣ Lugizamburi ɛjaɖɛ Grand-Duc kɩfalʊ se Henri nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ payaɣ se Xavier Bettel.
Kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlɩɣ-ɩ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ɩnʊʊ lɛ lugizamburzʊwa, fransɩɩ nɛ caama kʊnʊŋ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Lugiamaburi inɛ yee ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛyaa nɔɔyʊ kɛ kaŋgalafu yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛma +352 ɛ-tɛ kaŋgalafu kpata yɔɔ pʊcɔ ŋɛ ɛɛma pɩtɛ ɛyʊʊ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ. Pakpazʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ kɩɖaʊ kɛdɛɛka nɛ pɛtɛ lɛ, peteɣu wendu nɛ pɛtɛ lɛ pocosuu se Ɖɩsɔɔlaa se ɖɩkɛ mbʊ ɖɩkɛnaa yɔ.
Liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkjɩ-ɖɩ peeɖe yɔ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Eroo.
Taakarɩ
Taakarɩ kɛnɛ Senegali ɛjaɖe taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ndʊ tɛt-taa komina tʊma sʊsɔna wɛɛ yɔ nɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ palakɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛ politiki kediizasɩ sɔsɔsɩ payɩ.Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ taa makɩɣna kilomɛtanaaagbaba 83. Pɩnaɣ 2011 lɛ, pakalɩ ɛyaa kpeekpe kɛ Taakarɩ tɛtʊ tunɛ tɩ-taa lɛ, pɛkpɛndɩ ɛyaa miloyɔɔna 3 215255.
Ɖooo Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ kaawɛɛ nɛ ɖɩkpacayʊʊ Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ajɛya lɛ, Taakarɩ tɛtʊ Fransɩɩ mba kaalɩza se tɩkɛna tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa palakɩ ketiizasi sʊzɔtʊ yɔ. Pɩtɛ alɩwaatʊ taa, pɩnaɣ 1970 paakalɩ kɩgalʊ lɛ ɛyaa kaakpɛnda kutokiŋ 400 000. Mbʊ pɩlaba nɛ ɛyaa pazɩ pohuu kpem yɔ mbʊ lɛ se kacalaɣ taa lɛ, ɛyaa lʊlʊʊ nɛ nabʊlɛ taa lɛ se ɛyaa evebiya nɛ pɛlaa pakʊyʊ ageeta ndɩ ndɩ taa nɛ pʊŋ taa nɛ powoki Taakarɩ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa se paahiu tʊma nɛ pala. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ Taakarɩ ñɩndʊ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: hadɛ kiŋ lɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ nɛ pɩta nɛ payaɣ-tʊ se Goree yɔ ndʊ wɛna, hayʊ kiŋ lɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ nɛ pɩtaa ɖɔɖɔ nɛ payaɣ-tʊ se Ŋgori yɔ piyele nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ pɩta ɖɔɖɔ nɛ payaɣ-tʊ se Madelɛnɩ yɔ ndʊ ñɛwɛna kamaɣ yɔɔ. Taakarɩ nɛ ajɛyaa nayɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ natʊyʊ paɖʊ taabalɩyɛ nɛ palakɩ tʊma se pɛ-tɛtʊ ɛɖɛ nɛ ɛsɩnda. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kɔyɔ: Yerusalɛm nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa tɛtʊ, Pakʊ (Azɛrbayɩjanɩ), Pamako (Maalii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ, ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1974), Panzuli (Kambii), [[Pisawo (Bissau)|Pisawo (Kinee-Pisaʋ), Pɩrazaviili (Koŋgo), Kazabalnka (Marɔkɩ), Tuwala (Kameruni), Kinsasa (Koŋgo Temokiratiki ɛjaɖɛ), Marisɛyɩ (Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1978)Milanɩ (Itali), Oranɩ (Alizeeri), Niyame (Nizɛrɩ) Pirayiya (Kapʊ-Vɛrɩ), Sifakɩsɩ (Tunizi, ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1965), Tɛpeyi (Tayiwani).
Didier Drogba
Palʋla pombo maɖʋ sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ se, Didier Drogba yɔ lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ kʋɖʋmʋʋ (11) wiye, pɩnaɣ 1978 taa. Palʋla-ɩ Kootidiivʊwarɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, Abijan tɛtʋ taa. Didier Drogba makɩ pombo kedeŋa kpeekpe ajɛya tɩŋa taa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, ɛkɛ pombo maɖʋ sɔsɔ siŋŋ. Paa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ, ɖɩñɩnɩɣ se ɛwɛɛ ɖi-pombo maɖaa taa.
Didier Drogba paɣzɩ pombo mabʋ tʋmɩyɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa pombo maɖaa tikaɣ ŋga payaɣ se « Mans Union Club 72 » yɔ, ka-taa maɖaa taa Didier Drogba paɣzɩ e-pombo mabʋ.
Paɖʋ Didier Drogba pombo maɖaa tikaɣ ŋga payaɣ se « Chelsea FC » yɔ ka-taa maɖaa taa pɩnaɣ 2004 ñɩŋa taa. Ɛkɔma ɛkɛ pombo maɖaa tikaɣ ŋ́ga ka-taa maɖaa mankpaɖaa waa taa nɔɔyʋ.
Didier Drogba mʋ pombo mabʋ nimiye kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 2011 nɛ puwolo pɩnaɣ 2012 ñɩŋa taa. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa lɛ, Didier Drogba makaɣ pombo kɛ Ɛŋglisi ɛjaɖɛ pombo maɖaa tikaɣ taa. Ɛkɔma nɛ ɛɖɛɛ lɛ, mba peseɣtiɣ pombo maɖaa tikaɣ ŋ́ga ka-taa pombo maɖaa yɔ, pakpaɣ-ɩ se, ɛnʋ kɛŋna pombo maɖaa tikaɣ ŋ́ga ka-taa pombo maɖʋ kɩkpaɖʋ tikaɣ ŋ́ga ka-taa pombo maɖaa tɩŋa taa. Pakpaɣ pombo maɖʋ sɔsɔ Didier Drogba se ɛkɛ Afrɩka ajɛya tɩŋa payɩ taa pombo maɖaa kɩkpaɖaa taa tʋ nɔɔyʋ. Didier Drogba wɛ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ Koti Ivʋwarɩ pombo maɖaa tikaɣ taa kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 2002 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 2014. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa, mba pɔcɔŋna nɛ pɔtɔzʋʋ nɛ palɩzɩɣ pombo maɖaa yɔ, pakpaɣ Didier Drogba se ɛkɛ Koti Ivʋwarɩ ɛjaɖɛ pombo maɖaa ñʋʋdʋ. Toovenum lɛ, Didier Drogba kɩlaɣna kpaɣla ɖʋzʋʋ pombo maɖaa tikaɣ ŋ́ga ka-taa pombo maɖaa tɩŋa payɩ taa
Piyaɣ (pyramide)
Piyaɣ kɛ sakɩyɛ n̄ayaɣ ɖɔɖɔ size pʋʋ. Piyaɣ kɛna hɔɔlɩŋ sakɩyɛ kʋlɔmʋʋ yaa hɔɔlɩŋ sakɩyɛ tʋ ɛzɩ payaɣʋ nɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "polyèdre" yɔ. Hɔɔlɩŋ sakɩyɛ kʋlɔmɩŋ ɛnɩ, palaba-ɩ nɛ ɛɖɔkɩ ɖama kpam kpam nɛ ɛwɛ kʋlɔmɩŋ sakɩyɛ hou tɩyɛ. Piɣa ŋga ka-kʋyɩ siŋŋ nɛ kɛfɛyɩ size pɔyɔɔdɩ. Piɣa ŋga, kekina yaa kegbeetina ɖoo kɔ-tɔbʋʋ tɛ nɛ kɛwɛ cʋlʋ cʋlʋ kpaɣʋ yɔɔ kpaɣʋ yɔɔ.
Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ piɣa fɛyɩ camɩyɛ ɖeyi ɖeyi yɔ, ɖɩnaɣ size kɛwɛʋ ɛzɩ-ɩ wonuu yaa taŋga-ɩ ŋgʋ kʋwɛna hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩnza nɛ ɛɖalakɩŋ nɛ ɛwalanzɩ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ kɩmaŋ yɔ. Pɩcɔ nɛ pasa piɣa size kɛwɛ camɩyɛ tʋɖʋɖʋʋ lɛ, pʋwɛ size kɛwɛ kʋlɔmɩŋ naadozo tɩyɛ ɛzɩ payaɣʋ nɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "triangle" yɔ. Kɩwɛʋ mbʋʋ lɛ, kɩ-nɔɔ lɛɛka yaa kɩ-nɔɔ hayuu n̄ɩŋga wɛɛ; cʋlʋ cʋlʋ nɛ kakpana ɛsɔdaa kiŋ.
Piɣa kʋlɔmɩŋ kɩmaŋ tɩyɛ ɖalakɩŋ taa nɛ walanzɩ taa, ɛzɩ payaɣʋ size "carrée" yɔ nɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa nɛ kolonzi kagbanzɩ tɛ yaa kʋlɔmɩŋ naalɛ nɛ pɔɔyaɣ tɛ ɛzɩ payaɣʋ nɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "pentagonale" pɩzʋʋ ɖɔɖɔ pɛwɛɛ ɛzɩ pamaʋ nɛ hɔɔlɩŋ lɛɛŋ yɔ. Piɣisi lɛɣsɩ wɛɛ ɛzɩ "Johnson" tɛ wondu ɖon n̄ɩndʋ yɔ.
Pɔɔrɩ-Santiiyi
Pɔɔrɩ-Santiiyi kɛna Kaabɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ natʊyʊ nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ; ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Oguwee-Maritim yɔ kɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Pɩnaɣ 2013 taa paakala ɛyaa kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛ, panaa se ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ndʊ lɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkɛ natʊlɛ ñɩndʊ kɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa nɛ ɛyaa kpɛnda 136 462. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ nɛ pɩtanɛpayaa-tʊ se Manji yɔ, tɩ-taa; piposina Liibreviili ñɩndʊ nɛ kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ 144 yɔ. Hɩɖɛ ɖɩnɛ, Pɔɔrɩ-Santiiyi, ɖɩlɩna sɔdʊʊ sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa se Émile Gentil yɔ kʊ-yɔɔ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ ndʊ ɖɔɖɔ kɛŋna Kaabɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa tɔsʊʊ nɛ ɛsɩndaa wobu wɛɛ sɩŋŋŋ yɔ. Tɔsʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩlɩna karazɩm nɛ laŋŋ pɔ-yɔɔ. Payaɣ Pɔɔrɩ-Santiiyi tɛtʊ taa komina yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ kɩfalʊ se Bernard Apérano.
Tɔʋ
Tɔʋ kɛ you wonuu yaa lakʋ tʋmɩyɛ wonuu ŋgʋ kʋlɔʋ n̄ɩma yɔ. Tɔʋ wɛ kotaɣ nɛ kɩwɛna nimiye, nɛ nimiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa paɖʋ n̄ɩmɩyɛ nɛ pɔhɔŋ nimiye lɛ n̄ɩmɩyɛ lɩɩ fɩyaʋ ɛzɩ pɔlɔʋ pɩyɛ yɔ. Patʋʋzɩna mbʋ yɔ, mbʋ n̄ɩmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩyakɩ. Tɔʋ ɖaʋ wɛ tanɩɩ tanɩɩ wɛtʋ.
Ɛyʋ yaa weyi ɛtɔʋ tɔʋ ŋgʋ yɔ, ɛnʋ payaɣ size sɔɔja tɔʋ n̄ɩnʋ yaa tɔʋ yoyu abalʋ n̄ɩnʋ. Ɛlɛ, yee halʋ ɛtɔʋna tɔʋ kɔyɔ, payaɣ ɛlɛ size, sɔɔja tɔʋ n̄ɩnʋ yaa tɔʋ yoyu halʋ n̄ɩnʋ. Tɔʋ yoyu yaa sɔɔja tɔʋ tʋ kɛna tɔm piye nɖɩ, ɖɩ-tɔbʋʋ kɛna nabʋyʋ taa kɛ ɛyʋ weyi ɛlʋkɩ pɩtatɩɩ fɛyɩ naʋ yɔ yaa ɛkɛ ɛyaa waɖɛ yɔ yoyu yɔ.
Pɩtɛ ɛyʋ ɛnʋ, ɛ-malɩfa yaa ɛ-hɔzʋʋ kɛlɛ tɔʋ n̄ɩma ŋgʋ. Ɖoo lɔnda yen kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ taa evemiye yaa kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ loɖo (26) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye kɛ pɩnaɣ 1346 kɛ paalaba tɔŋ you nakʋyʋ kɛ Iŋglɩsɩ kʋnʋŋ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa. Tɔŋ you ŋgʋ, kɩwɩla tɔŋ waza. Pɩwɛ kaɖɛ yaa pɩcaa kaɖa size ɖeɖe tɔm n̄ɩnɩyaa ɛtɩlɩ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ keekee palɩza yaa poluba tɔʋ nɛ kɩ-n̄ɩma yɔ. Mbʋ piyeba nɛ, paapɩzʋʋ size patɩlɩ kɛlɛʋ kɛ tɔʋ nɛ kɩ-n̄ɩma palɩ pɩnaɣ yɔ, mbʋʋ lɛ size tɔʋ nɛ kɩ-tɛ n̄ɩma pɛwɛkʋ lɔŋ kpeɖem.
Tɔʋ ŋgʋ pɛlɛya kʋʋnaʋ yɔ, Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa pana kʋ pɩnaɣ 10800 n̄ɩŋga taa nɛ pɩcɔ palʋlʋʋ yesu krɩstʋ. Ɛlɛ, ɖɩtaasɔɔ size nabɛyɛ n̄ɔtɔŋ size, panaʋ tɔʋ ŋgʋ yɔ, pɩlaba pɩnzɩ kudokiŋ nɛɛlɛ (20 000) kɛ mbɩ yɔ.
Televiziyɔɔ
Polindaa kɩlɛmɩŋ naʋ n̄ɩɣyʋʋ kʋnɛ, ŋgʋ payaɣna Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa size "Télévision". N̄ɩnɩyaa laba tʋmɩyɛ siŋŋ kɛ polindaa kɩlɛmɩŋ naʋ n̄ɩɣyʋʋ kʋnɛ kɩlaɖɛ. N̄ɩɣyʋʋ kʋnɛ, kɩkɛ lɛɣtʋ kpɛm ndʋ tɩgbaɣ alɩwaatʋ siŋŋ yɔ.