cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Kabuli
Kabuli tɛtʋ kɛna Afganistanii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ. Kabuli tɛtʋ wɛ Afganistanii ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kiŋ. Pɩnaɣ 2014 taa paakalɩ Kabuli tɛtʋ taa kɛ ɛyaa lɛ, paakpɛnda ɛyaa ɛzɩ 3 543 700 yɔ nɛ yee pakalʊʊ ɛyaa kɛ kilomɛta kʊɖʊmʊʊ yɔɔ kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ ɛyaa 3 378. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa nɛ haɖaa ndɩ ndɩ, kʊnʊmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɛlɛ mba pakɩlɩ ɖɔʊ yɔ mba lɛ Tajiki nɛ patalɩ ɛzɩ kpaɣ 40 nɛ 45 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ, pɩtɩŋna Hazarasii mba (25 %), pɩkaza mba yɔ palɩna hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ.
Ɛzɩ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ lɛɛtʊ ɖɔɖɔ, tɛtʋ tʋnɛ tɩ-taa kɛ tɔsʊʊ nɛ ɛsɩndaa wobu kɩlaa, peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ habɛɛ sɔsɔna wena aɖɔ ɖɔɖɔ sakɩyɛ. Peeɖe palakɩ komina kediizasɩ sɔsɔsɩ.
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, kɩfɛyɩ kpayɩ kpayɩ.
Hola kʊdɔŋ
Tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩlɩna tɔmʊʊ neurosis ɛlɛ fɛɖʊ Ekɔsɩ tʊ William Cullen lubina-ɖɩ pɩnaɣ 1769. Ɖɩlɩna krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa mbʊ se neuron pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se hola nɛ pɔsɔzɩ pʊyɔɔ kɔzɔzaɣ ose ɛlɛ ñalɩna ôsis nɛ pɩwɩlɩɣ se pɩkɛ kʊdɔmɩŋ weyi ɛtɛkɛ ñɩŋaanzɩ ñɩŋ yɔ. Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1785 lɛ Philippe Pinel ɖʊ-tʊ Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa. Pɩ-tɛ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ tɔmʊʊ kɩwɩlaɣ se pɩɩkɛ kʊdɔmɩŋ kpeekpe weyi ɛlɩna hola cɔlɔ nɛ paanaɣ kɩcɩkpʊʊ nakʊyʊ tomnaɣ yɔɔ yɔ.
Pɩkpaɣʊ nɛ nananza tɛ ɖanɩɣ wiluu takʊʊ nɛ natʊ nɛ wɩlɩtʊ takayaɣ taa pɩcɛlɩna kpaŋ kʊddɔŋ yɔɔ (DSM-IV) lɛ, tɔmpiye nɖɩ APA kizi-ɖɩ se pɩsa nɛ papazɩ pɛcɛ-ɩ pa-tɩ nɛ patɩlɩ mbʊ keekee patɩlɩna paa kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ lɛ nɛ pañɩnɩ kʊkɔyɛ hayʊʊ.
Pɩkɔma kpaɣɖʊ 17 alɩwaatʊ lɛ, Ekɔsɩ fɛɖʊ William Cullen lɛɦ lɩzɩɣ hala kʊdɔŋ tɔbʊʊ nɛ ɛtɔŋ se mamaɣzɩɣ se ɖɩnɩɩ se pɩkɛ hola yɔɔ kpaʊʊ kʊdɔmɩŋ, pɩkɛ kpeekpe mbʊ pɩtɛkɛ sɔɔlɩm yɔɔ laɣsɩ yaa tomnaɣ miŋ saʊʊ, pɩtɛkɛ kʊdɔŋ kʊ-hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊ.
Werrason
Noël Ngiama Makanda kɛna kɛna Kɔŋgoo ɛjaɖɛ taa hendu teyu, tu-luɖu nɛ mʊsɩ laɖʊ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ.Palʊla-ɩ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 25 wiye pɩnaɣ 1965 kɛ Kikwit ɖoŋgiye taa. Afrika taa lɛ, ɛkɛna hendu teyu weyi e-hendu teu kɛdɩna paa-anɩ yɔ. Paatɛma-ɩ sɩm se ɛkɛna hendu teyaa ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Wenge Mussika yɔ pa-taa sɔdʊʊ nakʊyʊ. Pɛ-ŋgbɛyɛ-ɖɩ nɖɩ ɖɩ-yɔɔ kɛ Ndombolo lɩwa. Ndombolo ŋgʊ kɩkɛna Koŋgoo ɛjaɖɛ taa amʊsa wena aciida Afrika ɛjɛyɛ nɛ Ka-samaɣ ŋga kɛwɛna ajɛyɛ lɛɛna taa pɩnzɩ 1990 taa yɔ. Ɛnɛ Mpiana pɛkpɛndaa nɛ palɩzɩ tataɣ nakɛyɩ nɛ payaa-kɛ se Mulolo nɛ Kin É Bougé pɩtasɩna Kala-Yi-Boeing. Ŋgbɛ anɛ pʊkɔma pɩtalʊ saŋgayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ lʊbɛ wiye pɩnaɣ 1997 lɛ, ɖɩyɔkɩ, mbʊ pʊ-yɔɔ yɔ, ɖama kɩɩnɩnaʊ kaa wɛ Werra nɛ JB Mpiana pɛ-hɛkɩŋ taa. Pɩla mbʊ lɛ, pɛ-ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ lɛ ɖɩcɩɩ tɔm nabʊlɛ taa: kacalaɣ hɔɔlʊʊ lɛ, Wenge Musica Maison Mère nɛ Werrason, Didier Masela, Adolphe Dominguez, Christian Mabanga, Japonais Maladi, Ali Mbonda nɛ Ferré Gola; nabʊlɛ taa lɛ, Wenge BCBG Les Anges Adorables nɛ JB Mpiana, Alain Prince Makaba nɛ Blaise Bula nɛ pʊsɔzɩna kɩbɩma lɛlaa. Pɩnzɩ naatozo wayɩ, pɩnaɣ 1991 kɛ palɩza pɛ-tɛ tataɣ naalɛ ŋga, Kin E Bougé. Ɛzɩ tatasɩ lɛɛsɩ yɔ, Kin E Bougé tataɣ kɛnɛ ka-taa nɛ hendu ndɩ ndɩ: Ngoma Maguy, Wunda Ekokota, Princesse Pathy, Kaskin nɛ Eve Sukali. Pʊcɔnɛ pɩnaɣ 1990 talɩ nɛ se palɩzɩ pa-kacalaɣ tataɣ lɛ, pala tambaɣ se powoki Pruksɛɛlɩ nɛ se patɩŋgʊna Parii tɛtʊ taa pa-kacalaɣ tɩŋgʊ, ɛlɛ pɛtɛɖɛɛ poliŋ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pakpa-wɛɛ Kinsasa tɛtʊ taa, pataawɛɛna takayɩsɩ nzɩ sɩpɩzɩ nɛ sɩha-wɛɛ nʊmɔʊ se pɛɖɛɛ nʊmɔŋ ɩnʊ yɔ.
En septembre 2021, La préfecture parisienne en france. avait affirmé que le grand concert de Werrason qui devait se tenir aux Zénith de paris présentait des « risques de troubles graves à l'ordre public et d'atteinte à la sécurité des spectateurs », notamment avec des menaces des manifestations d’opposants radicaux au régime en place. Werrasob a fait part de sa colère envers la France.
Ɔɔrɩdɩnatɛɛrɩ
Ɔɔrɩdɩnatɛɛrɩ kɛ n̄ɩɣyʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩlakɩ tʋmɩyɛ nɛ laatriki miŋ ɖeke koŋ yɔ. Pama tɔm ndɩ ndɩ ndʋ tɩ-yɔɔ ɛyʋ ɛtɩŋna nɛ ɛla tʋmɩyɛ kʋ-yɔɔ yɔ. Pɔn̄ɔtʋʋ laatriki miŋ kɩ-taa kpa lɛ, tɔm ndɩ ndɩ ńdʋ tɩlɩɩ nɛ ɛyʋ ɖɔ tɔm ndʋ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛlakɩ yɔ tɩ-yɔɔ. Ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛlɛɣzɩ nʋmɔŋ weyi ɛtɩŋɩɣ mbʋ ɛsɔɔlaa yɔ.
Ɛyʋ pɩzɩɣ ɛla tʋma sakɩyɛ ɔɔrɩdɩnatɛɛrɩ yɔɔ. Ɛpɩzɩɣ ekuli takayɩ nasɩyɛ nɛ ɛkalɩ sɩ-taa tɔm, ɛpɩzɩ ekuli takayɩhayʋʋ ŋgʋ patama natʋyʋ kɩ-taa yɔ nɛ ɛma ndʋ e-liu wɛɛ yɔ. Nabʋyʋ, pʋwɛ ɛzɩ cɩkaɣ yɔ nɛ payaɣ-ɩ se "holu", mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, ɛmaɣ ca ca ɛzɩ holu mɑɣʋ yɔ. Ɛnʋ palakɩna tʋmɩyɛ ɔɔrɩdɩnatɛɛrɩ yɔɔ. Ɛnʋʋ ɛyʋ wokina hɔɔlʋʋ ŋgʋ ɛsɔɔla labʋ tʋmɩyɛ yɔ kɩ-yɔɔ nɛ ɛn̄ɩɣ ɛ-yɔɔ tɔm kʋɖʋmʋm yaa naalɛ ɛzɩ e-liu wɛʋ yɔ nɛ ɛna ɖenɖe ɛn̄ɩnɩɣ yɔ.
Hɔɔlɩŋ sɔsɔŋ naalɛ wɛna ɔɔrɩdɩnatɛɛrɩ yɔɔ: Kajalaɣ hɔɔlʋʋ wɛ ɛzɩ n̄ɩnʋʋ yɔ. Tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɛyʋ lakɩ yɔ, kʋ-yɔɔ pɩnaɣ-ɖɩ. Hɔɔlʋʋ ŋgʋʋ payaɣ se, "Ecran". Yee hɔɔlʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩsɩba yɔ, ɔɔrɩdɩnatɛɛrɩ sɩba ɖɔɖɔ.
Wiskɔnsɛɛ
Wiskɔnsɛɛ kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ.
Ɔɔrɩdɩnatɛɛrɩ
Hɔɔlʋʋ naalɛ n̄ɩŋgʋ yɔɔ masɩ tɩŋa wɛɛ. Masɩ ńzɩ ɛyʋ sɔɔlaa maʋ yɔ, sɩ-yɔɔ ɛn̄ɩkɩɣ nɛ sɩlɩɣ hɔɔlʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩwɛ ɛzɩ n̄ɩnʋʋ mbʋ yɔ kɩ-yɔɔ. Kɩ-hɛkʋ taa ɖoli ɖɔɖɔ pan̄ɩkɩɣ nɛ "holu" ɖɔŋ. Nabʋyʋ taa yɔ, ɔɔrɩdɩnatɛɛrɩ pɩzɩɣ kiɖi nɔɔkʋɖʋmaɣ. Ɛlɛ, kiɖim mbʋ yɔ, kɩwɛɛ kɩn̄ɔɔzʋʋ mbʋ payaɣ se "Program waa " yɔ kʋn̄ɔɔzʋ. Kɩtɛŋ lɛ, kɩɖaɣnʋʋ pazʋʋ kʋ-tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɛyʋ lakaɣ kɩ-yɔɔ yɔ.
Wiskɔnsɛɛ
Pamaza Wiskɔnsɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 169 790 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 140 787 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 28 006 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 16.49  yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna nɛɛlɛ ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 30 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 29 nkʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1848. Wiskɔnsɛɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Madison nɛ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Milwaukee.
Ɔɔrɩdɩnatɛɛrɩ
Pɩnzɩ mɩnʋʋ wayɩ, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, pɩnaɣ 1937 n̄ɩŋga taa kɛ ɖajaa IBM lɩzɩ mbʋ payaɣ se, "informatique" yɔ. Ɛcalɩna n̄ɔɔzʋʋ n̄ɩɣyʋʋ ŋgʋ payaɣ se, "ASCC\MarkI" yɔ. Ɛtɩŋna ɖajaa Babbage lɩzɩ n̄ɩɣyʋʋ anjaʋnaa mba yɔ pɔ-yɔɔ nɛ elubi-kʋ. Eluba-kʋ nɛ pɩtɛɛ lɛ, pɩlaba se, mbʋ ɛn̄ɩnaɣ se ɛla e-wezuu caɣʋ taa yɔ, ɛlaba-pʋ, pɔ-tɔbʋʋ se, eɖozaɣ ndʋ yɔ, ɛlaba-tʋ.
Pɩlaba pɩnzɩ mɩnʋʋ kɔyɔ polubu ɔɔrɩdɩnatɛɛrɩ waa mba pɛwɛ lɛɛlɛɛyɔ. Pɛwɛ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna pɛ-wɛtʋ ndɩ ndɩ cɔlɔ. Nabɛyɛ wɛ camɩyɛ pakɩlɩ lɛlaa. Nabɛyɛ n̄apaɣlɩ pakɩlɩ lɛlaa. Lɛlaa lubutu n̄ɛwɛ ndɩ kpem.
Wiskɔnsɛɛ
Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 5 686 986 yɔ.
Payaɣ Wiskɔnsɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Scott Walker (R) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Tammy Baldwin (D) nɛ Ron Johnson (R). Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ Eŋgilisi. Ɛlɛ siŋŋŋ taa lɛ, komina maɣmaɣ tatɩɩ hada nɔɔ camɩyɛ se aŋgilisi kɛŋna kɩ-kʊnʊŋ.
Afrika kɩkpɛndʊ ŋgbɛyɛ
Afrika kɩkpɛndʊ ŋgbɛyɛ yaa nɔɔ kʊɖʊmaɣ ŋgbɛyɛ (UA) kɛna Afrika ajɛya ɖama nɩnaʊ, taabalɩyɛ nɛ ɛsɩnda wobu ŋgbɛyɛ. Ɖɩñɔ Turbanii tɛtʊ taa, Afrika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa pɩnaɣ 2002. Ŋgbɛyɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ lɛɣzɩna nɖɩ payawaɣ-ɖɩ se OUA yɔ. Pasɩ ɖɩ-kpalɩtʊ nɛ ɖɩ-nɔsɩ yɔɔ ɖɛya kɛ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 2003 kɛ Maputo tɛtʊ taa mozambiki ɛjaɖɛ taa. Afrika nɔɔ kʊɖʊmaɣ ŋgbɛyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ kacalaɣ ñʊʊtʊ kaakɛ Afrika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ peeɖe sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ se Thabo Mbeki yɔ, nɛ ɛnʊ kaakɛŋna OUA yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ. Ŋgbɛzyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tamasɩ ɖɔwa nɛ sɩ-taa kɔyɔ: kɛlɛ se lɛɣzʊ kɩfam mbʊ pɩlɩwa nɛ payaɣ-pʊ se temokrasii yɔ pɩɖɛɛna ɛsɩnda ajɛya kpeekpe taa, ɛyʊ waɖɛ yɔɔ kandɩyʊ nɛ Afrika ajɛya kpeeke ɛsɩnda wobu pɩlɩɩna ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se NEPAD yɔ.
Pɩsa nɛ pʊɖɔ camɩyɛ lɛ pʊwɛɛ se kacalaɣ taa lɛ lanhɛzɩyɛ nɛ temokrasii pɛwɛɛ. Kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pɔyɔɔdʊʊ ŋgbɛyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖi-taa ɛnʊ yɔ: Angilisi, arabi, fransɩ, esɩpañɔɔlɩ, pɔrtiigalɩ nɛ swahilii.
Kalɩkɛɛɖɩ
Kalɩkɛɛɖɩ kɛna kaaŋ weyɩ lɩm tɔɔ-ɩ nɛ pɩkazɩ yɔ. Ɛzɩ kaaŋ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se kɩɖɛsɩ yaa zipisi yɔ, kalɩkɛɛɖɩ puutu lɩm taa yem. Tomnasi nzɩ sɩwɛ kaaʊ kʊnɛ kɩ-taa yɔ, nzɩ lɛ kalisiyɔmɩ tɛ kaɖɩbɔnɩ (CaCO3,) nɛ mañeziyɔmɩ tɛ kaɖɩbɔnɩ (MgCO3). Kaaŋ weyi ɩtɩŋga ɩ-taa nɛ kaɖɩbɔnɩ kɛ mbʊyʊ yɔ, ɩwɛna wazaɣ sɔsɔɣa siŋŋŋ kɛ mba pañɩnʊ tɛtʊ nɛ tɩ-tɛɛ ñɩm nɛ tɩ-wɛtʊ yaa tɩmaʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ yɔ. Kɩwɛna wazaɣ ɖɔɖɔ kɛ tɔsʊʊ nɛ ɛsɩndaa wobʊ nɔmɔʊ taa. Ɖenɖe kalɩkɛɛɖɩ kɩla wɛʊ yɔ, peɣɖe yɔ: Fransɩ, Suwisi nɛ Pɛlɩziki ajɛya taa. Ajɛya ana a-taa pʊŋ weyi ɩwɛɛ yɔ, ɩ-taa kɛ kaaʊ kʊnɛ kɩkɩla wɛʊ nɛ pʊŋ ɩnʊ ɩ-taa kɔyɔ: Alɩpɩ, Suɖa nɛ Piɖenee. Kɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ kadanzɩ taa, fɛɛŋ taa (ɛzɩ Fransɩ fɛɛʊ sɔsɔʊ taa yɔ) yaa ɖɔɖɔ piyisi nzɩ sɩwɛ tɛndɛyɛm tɛndɛyɛm yɔ sɩ-taa (ɛzɩ Suuɖa piyaɣ yɔ, Laɖizaki nɛ Puwatu-Saɖɩntɩ piyisi taa). Mbʊ pakɩlʊ sɩm nɛ kalɩkɛɖɩ kɑaŋ yɔ, mbʊ lɛ se ɩ-taa nɛ pɩcaakplama nɛ kaaŋ nɩyɛ kɛ yɛm ɛlɛ ɩwɛ ɖoŋ kaŋkaŋ nɛ ɩwɛ cɔsʊ cɔsʊ nɛ pɔŋ. Kaaʊ kʊnɛ kɩ-tɛ maʊ taa lɛ, teŋgunaa taa kɛ kɩkɩla wɛʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ lɩm tɛɛ wondu ndɩ ndɩ pɔɔya nɛ mɔɔ ndɩ ndɩ kpɛndɩɣna nɛ pɩla kalɩkɛɛɖɩ. Ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ɖeke wɛna yɔ, kalɩkɛɛɖɩ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛlɛ peeɖe lɛ, nʊmɔlɩm nɛ pɔsɩ taa lɩm ñañɩzʊna mbʊ mbʊ pɩkatʊ yɔ nɛ pikpeɣli-pʊ nɛ pileɖiɣu lɛ pɩpɩsɩ kalɩkɛɛɖɩ kaaŋ. Pamaɣ kuduyiŋ sɔsɔŋ nɛ kalɩkɛɛɖɩ pɛɛ ɛlɛ pɩwɛ kaɖɛ pazɩ se ɛyʊ ɛtɩlɩ-ɩ yem ɛzɩ pɩwɛʊ kaɖɛ se ɛyʊ ɛɖʊ tʊkaɣ kɛ ɖoŋ ihosa ndɩ ndɩ taa. Kaaŋ ɩnɛ ɩwɛ ndɩ ndɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Pakɩlʊ sɩm kalɩkɛɛɖɩ nɛ kɩwɛtʊ ndʊ kɩwɛna yɔ: kɩɩyɔkʊ yem nɛ kɩhʊlʊmaa.
1909
Pɩnaɣ '1909 kɛ pɩnaɣ 1909 ñɩŋga kɛ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ yɔ. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ taa lɛ, pɩnaɣ 1909 kɛŋna nakʋ ñɩŋga. Kɛwɛ pɩnzɩ 1908 nɛ 1910 hɛkʋ taa. Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ sɩnɛ yɔ sɩlaba : =1909 taa lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ =
Wɩsɩ siɣʊʊ
Wɩsɩ siɣʊʊ kɛna alɩwaatʊ taa alɩwaayʊʊ nakʊyʊ. Evemiye taa ñɩɩtʊ 12 makɩ lɛ, pɔtɔŋ se wɩsɩ siɣaa. Ɛlɛ siŋŋŋ taa lɛ, yee pakpakɩɣ evemiye tɛʊ feŋguu yɔɔ yɔ, evemiye paɣzʊʊna tɛbɩyɛ nɛ piwolo pɩsɩɩna wɩsɩ ɖʊʊ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɛtɛyɩ evemiye kɛ nabʊlɛ taa: wɩsɩ taa nɛ ɖoo taa nɛ wɩsɩ siki lɛ pɩlaba evemiye tɛyɩ hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ siŋŋŋ kɛlɛ. Ɛlɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pakɩlʊ kpaɣʊ se wɩsɩ siɣuu yɔ, ndʊ lɛ kpaɣ ñɩɩtʊ 12 nɛ pɩsɩɩna ñɩɩtʊ 14 yɔɔ. Ɛzɩma kɛteŋa kpeekpe ajɛya fɛyɩna afema kʊɖʊma nɛ pɩlɩɩna paa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ lɛ ɖi-lone taa nɛ pɩtasɩ pɩlɩɩna alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩtalʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, wɩsɩ eesiki paa le lɛ ñɩɩtʊ 12 yɔɔ. Kabɩyɛ-tʊ paaɣza wɩsɩ siɣuu kɛ yaʊ se miidii.
Ɛyʊ nandʊ taa hʊmʊm
Ɛyʊ nanddʊ taa hʊnʊm yaa yɔɔ kpaʊʊ, tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩlɩna latɛŋ taa mbʊ se pulsio (tuzuu laɣsɩ, pellere, pulsum). Tɔmpiye nɖɩ Caama kʊnʊŋ taa palɩzɩna-ɖɩ Trieb, Freud labɩna nɛ tʊmʊʊ ŋgʊ tʊmɩyɛ se ɛkpaɣ lɩmaɣza naayɛ maɣzɩm taa wiluu tʊmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ yɔɔ.
Laplanche nɛ Pontalis pɔ-cɔlɔ lɛ, tɔmʊʊ Trieb wɛʊʊ yɔ Freud takayasɩ taa yeke pana-tʊ pɩnaɣ 1905. Leleŋ laɣsɩ kɛ wɛtʊ natʊyʊ tɩlɩna ñʊʊ taa maɣzɩm cɔlɔ.
Ɛzɩ kpeekpe ɖɔŋɩɣ ɛyʊ ñʊʊ taa yɔ, wɛna tɔbʊʊ nɩɣ se pʊlʊkɩna mbʊ ɛyʊ tɔsɔɔlɩ yɔ nɛ tɩ ceyʊʊ wɛɛ se sɔɔlɩm ɛkɩlɩna. Pana yekina nɛ mbʊ ɛyʊ tɔsɔɔlɩ yɔ sʊʊ mbʊ lɛ leleŋ hʊzʊʊ pana, ŋgʊ leleŋ laɣsɩ kɛ tɔsʊʊ pɩyʊ, (Jean Laplanche nɛ Jean-Bertrand Pontalis pɩnaɣ 1967).
Sosa kʋnʋŋ
Sosa kɛna Afrika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ kʊnʊŋ nakʊyʊ nɛ mba pɔyɔɔdʊ kʊyɔ pɛɖɛ ɛzɩ miliyɔɔna litoozo yɔ yaa ɛyaa 18 yɔ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Mbʊ yebina kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩkɛna naalɛ ñɩŋgʊ ŋgʊ pakɩlɩɣ yɔɔdʊ peeɖe yɔ pʊtɔbʊ se Suuluu wayɩ lɛ Sosa tɩŋgʊna. Suuluu kʊnʊŋ nɛ pantʊ pɩlɩʊ taa kʊnʊmɩŋ lɛɛŋ wɛ ɛzɩ samaɣ kʊɖʊma taa ɛyaa yɔ nɛ panɩʊ ɖama tɔm pazɩ pazɩ. Afrika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ peeɖe sɔdɩŋ weyi ɩkɛ Sosa mba yɔ pɔɖɔɔ sakɩyɛ nɛ ɩ-taa kɔyɔ: Nelson Mandela, Chris Hani, Oliver Tambo, Walter Sisulu, Govan Mbeki pɩtasɩna Brenda Fassie nɛ Thabo Mbeki.
Kpɩna huyiŋ tɔɔla
Kpɩna huyiŋ tɔɔla kɛna tɛtɛ kpɩna huyiŋ weyi pɔhɔɔ-ɩ camɩyɛ nɛ ɩhʊʊ ɖofɩɩɩ yɔ. Pelitu kpɩnɛ lɛ, paawiɖuu-ɖɩ yaa paakpɛzʊ ɖɩ-hʊndʊ pʊcɔ pɔhɔʊ-ɖɩ. Tɔna ana kɛ pakpakʊ nɛ pɛñɛyɩ tɔɔla nɛ ɛyʊ sʊʊ. Pɩtɛkɛ tɛtɛ kpɩna ɖeke hʊndʊ ɛlɛ kalɩhʊndʊ ɖɔɖɔ kɛ mbʊ yɔ, papɩzʊ paɖʊ-tʊ wondʊ natʊyʊ taa nɛ posuu ɖɔɖɔ. Posuu tɛtɛ kpɩkna huyiŋ yɔ, pɩtɛkɛ acana ɖeke ɛlɛ nikaɣ yɔɔ yaa pɩsa nɛ tɛtɛ kpɩna ana, ɛyaa sɩm-yɛ camɩyɛ. Tɛtɛ kpɩna huyiŋ tɔɔla lɩʊ yɔ ɖooo caanaʊ taa kɛ kiɖe tɛɛ ɛyaa sʊwaɣ-tʊ. Posuwaɣ-tʊ lɛ, pataapazɩta laʊ pɩsɩŋ lʊʊ nɛ nikaɣ yɔɔ kɛ posuwaɣ-tʊ yaa posuwaɣ-tʊ ɖɔɖɔ se nabʊyʊ ɛtaañasɩ-wɛ. Pʊwayɩ yɔ, nabayɩ sʊʊ tɛtɛ kpɩna naayɩ tɔɔla hʊndʊ se pɩwɩlɩna se pɛkɛ awiya yaa cɔccjɔnaa yaa ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ pɛkɛwa yɔ. Lalaa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, posuu-tʊ se pɛwɛɛna ɖoŋ nɩɩyɛ. Pɩtɛkɛ huyiŋ ɖeke ɛlɛ nabʊyʊ taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, papaŋ ɖɔɖɔ tɛtɛ kpɩna ñɩɩzɩŋ. Kabɩyɛ taa lɛ, waaɣ pɩnaɣ kɛ papaɣ habɩyɛ nɛ paapaɣ lɛ, kɩnatɩna yaa aleba paŋ ñɩɩzɩŋ se pɩwɩlɩ se pɛwɛ ɛzɩ alewaa yɔ. Pɩtɛkɛ alebaa tɩŋga pɩzʊʊna papaŋ tɛtɛ kpɩna tɩŋga ñɩɩzɩŋ ɖɔɖɔ. Naayɛ wɛɛ lɛ, ɛyʊ ɛtapɩɩ nɛ ɛsɛɛ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ ɛɛpɩzʊ ɛpa a-ñɩɩzɩŋ. Pɩtɛkɛ awayɩ kpɩna huyiŋ ɖeke kɛ pɛnɛyʊ tɔɔla ɛlɛ ɖaɣ kpɩna huyiŋ ɖɔɖɔ kɛ mbʊ yɔ, posuu a-huyiŋ. Pʊcɔ nɛ patɩlʊ pɩzatʊ lʊtʊ lɛɣtʊ lɛ, nɛ pɩkɩlɩna ajɛya wena a-taa nikaɣ wɛ fɩnɩnɩ yɔ, ɛyaa nɛ pa-halaa posuwaɣ tɛtɛ kpɩna huyiŋ nɛ pɔpɔʊ ɖɔɖɔ tataa. Ɖooo caanaʊ taa mba ñɩnɩna nɛ patɩlɩ ɛzɩma papɩzɩ pɔhɔɔ tɔna nɛ ataaɖazɩ yɔ yaa sanzayɩsɩ ɛtaatɔɔ-yɛ yɔ. Pakpakaɣ kaaŋ weyiu ɩwɛ ɖoŋ camɩyɛ yɔ nɛ pɔhɔʊna tɔna nɛ awɛɣʊ camɩyɛ ɖɔɔɖɔɔ. Pakpakaɣ ɖɔɖɔ tɩŋ nɩɩyɛ pɔɔya nɛ paɖʊʊ acɩyɩm kɛ tɔna ana a-yɔɔ nɛ pɩsaŋ nɛ ahʊʊ camɩyɛ. Palakɩ tɔna nɛ tokonaa, pantalaŋ, huyiŋ, naakomnaa, hʊlasɩ, waacɩna. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, tɔna yɔɔ kɛ malɩŋ kɩla sɔɔlʊ ɛsɔ sɛʊ, panɛ kɔ laɖaa nabayɩ.
Florɛnsɩ
Florɛnsɩ kɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ Italii yɔ ɖɩ-tɛ tɛtʊ taa maliika nakayɩ. Yee pɛkɛdɩɣ maalika kanɛ nɛ maalisi lɛɛsɩ yɔ, ŋga kɛŋna litoozo ŋga kɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa. Kamiŋ fenaɣ 30 pɩnaɣ 2014 taa pakala ɛyaa kɛ maalika kɛnɛ ka-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa 380 226.
Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ taa maɣna ɛyaa ɛyaa ɛzɩ ɛkɩtaarɩnaa 10 200 yɔ yaa 102 km2. Payaɣ Florɛnsɩ tɛ maalika yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ kɩfalʊ se Dario Nardella nɛ ɛcɔŋna kɔ-yɔɔ kɛ pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ. Palɩza-ɩ pɩnaɣ 2014 nɛ pʊkɔŋ pɩnaɣ 2019 lɛ, palɩzɩʊ kɩfalʊ nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ maalika ŋga kɔ-yɔɔ cɔnaʊ. Maalika kɛnɛ kɛwɛna yɔɔ kandɩyʊ nɔɔyʊ, pʊtɔbʊʊ se kɛwɛna ɛyʊ kiɖeɖeu nɔɔyʊ nɛ ɛnʊ tɩmʊʊna Ɛsɔ kɔ-yɔɔ nɛ ɛyʊ kiɖeɖeu ɛnʊʊ payaɣ se Yowaanɛɛsɩ lɩm sɔyʊ kiɖeɖeu.
James Cook
Palʊla James Cook kɛ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊlʊbɛ wiye pɩnaɣ 1728 kɛ Marton tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛsɩ lɛɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 14 pɩnaɣ 1779 Hawayi tɛtʊ taa ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 51. Palʊla-ɩ hɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa yɔ, ñɩm takɩlɩ ɖɔʊ. Ɛnʊ kɛŋna pɩɣa naalɛ ñɩŋga piya litozo taa. Ɛkɛna Ekosi tʊ. James Cook kɛna lɩm yɔɔ nʊmɔɖɔnʊ, ɛjaɖɛ takɩyʊ nɛ takayɩsɩ mayʊ. Ndʊ ɛmaɣ yɔ, ndʊ lɛ ndʊ ɛna ɛ-nʊmɔŋ taa yɔ.
Ewoba Pasifiki lɩm fɛɛʊ taa tɔm naatozo nɛ ɛnʊ kɛrŋna Erɔpʊ taa kacalaɣ-tʊ weyi ɛfɛyɩ naŋgbangaɣ kɛ Osɩtralii taa yɔ; ewoba ɖɔɖɔ Nuvɛlɩ Kaledoni, lɩm hɛkʊ taa tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Sandiwici yɔ tɩ-taa nɛ Hawayi tɛtʊ taa. Ɛnʊ kɛŋna ɖɔɖɔ kacalaɣ-tʊ weyi ɛcɔ Antartiki kpɛɛɛ nɛ ɛta yɔ nɛ ɛnʊ ɛlɩzɩna Tɛrɩ-Neevi nɛ Nuvɛlɩ-Zelandi aŋjaŋ kɛ takayasɩ hatʊ yɔɔ.
Ɛ-kacalaɣ nomɔʊ lɛ pɩɩkɛna pɩnaɣ 1768 nɛ 1771 taa kɛ Pasiki lɩm fɛɛʊ taa. Tambaɣ sɔsɔɣa kɛlɛ se pañɩnɩ nɛ pana se keteŋga nakayɩ fɛyɩ ɖoli nɛ patanada-kɛ. Ɛ-nɔmɔʊ naalɛ ñɩŋgʊ lɛ pɩnzɩ 1772 nɛ 1774 taa kɛ Ostralii keteŋga taa. Ɛlɩna ɛ-kacalaɣ nɔmɔʊ nɛ ɛkɔɔ lɛ, paha-ɩ sɔɔjɛtʊ taa samtʊ nimiye sɔsɔyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se kapitɛŋnɩ yɔ nɛ pɩwɛ se eɖii mɛlɛ nɛ pañɩnɩ Ostrali keteŋga.
James Cook tɛ nɔmɔʊ ɖɛʊ kpaagba ñɩŋgʊ lɛ, pɩɩkɛ pɩnzɩ 17776 nɛ 1779 taa. Ɛ-nɔmɔʊ kʊnɛ lɛ kʊ-tɔɔbʊʊ kɛlɛ se powona Omekɛ Tahiti taa. Ɛnʊ kɛŋna Eropʊ taa kacalaɣ -ʊ weyi ɛfɛyɩ naŋgbaŋga kɛ hawayi tɛtʊ taa yɔ, pɩɩkɛna pɩnaɣ 1778.
1910
Pɩnaɣ 1910 kɛ pɩnaɣ 1910 ñɩŋga kɛ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ yɔ. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ taa lɛ, pɩnaɣ 1910 kɛŋna hiu ñɩŋga. Kɛwɛ pɩnzɩ 1909 nɛ 1911 hɛkʋ taa. Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ sɩnɛ yɔ sɩlaba : =1910 taa lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ =
Ɖama hɔm ɖoŋ (gravitation)
Mbʊ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se « corps massifs » waa yɔ, pɛwɛna ɖoŋ nɩɩyɛ nɛ ɖoŋ ɛnɩ ɛlakɩna nɛ papɩzɩɣ pɔhɔŋ ɖama. Kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ ɖoŋ ɛnɩ ɛkpɛndɩ ɖoŋ naanza. Ɖoŋ naanza ɛnɩ ɛ-taa lɛɛŋ kɔyɔ mbʊ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se « gravitaion » yɔ. Yee mbʊ kravitasiyɔɔ (gravitation) kɛ ɖoŋ weyi ɛlakɩ nɛ tomnasɩ sɔsɔsɩ (corps massifs) waa hɔŋ ɖama yɔ.
Ñɩnɩyaa sakɩyɛ lɩzɩ lɩmaɣzɛ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna kravitasiyɔɔ yɔɔ. Lɩmaɣzɛ ndɩ ndɩ ana a-taa lɛ, ñɩnɩyʊ sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ se Albert Einstein yɔ, ɛ-lɩmaɣzɩyɛ labɩna nɛ paa weyi e-liu sɩ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se paa weyi etisi ndʊ ɛyɔɔdaa nɛ pɩlɩɩna kravitasiyɔɔ yɔɔ yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1915 ñɩŋga taa ɛlaba ɛ-lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ. Payaɣ ɛ-lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ nɛ fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se « relativité générale ».
Kowɛtɩ
Kowɛtɩ kɛna Azii ilemiye taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ. Pamaza Kowɛtɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ ɛkɩtaaɖɩnaa 20 000 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se 200 km2. Payaɣ Kowɛtɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛ komina yɔɔ cɔnayʊ se Al Asimah.
Youlou Mabiala
Youlou Mabiala yaa « Le Prince » yaa ɖɔɖɔ « YM » kɛna Koŋgo Brazavili ɛjaɖɛ taa hendu teyu sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ nɛ rumba kɛ eteɣ. Palʊla-ɩ lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ loɖo wiye pɩnaɣ 1947 kɛ Prazavili tɛtʊ taa. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ sɔsɔyɛ kɔyɔ Gilbert Youlou Mabiala. Hendu teu ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Les Mains blanches yɔ, ɖɩ-taa kɛ ɛpaɣzae-hendu teu pʊcɔ ɛkɔɔ ɛsʊʊ nɖɩ payaɖɩ se Les griots yɔ ɖɩ-taa. Pɩnaɣ 1963 kɛ Franco mʊ-ɩ ɛnɛ Celi Bitsou kɛ TP OK Jazz, Léopoldville taa. Peeɖe kɛ hendu teya sɔsa pɛnɛ, Simaro nɛ Vicky Longomba, pahayɩsa-ɩ camɩyɛ nɛ ɛkpa ɖoŋ.
Kowɛtɩ
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se Kowɛtɩ nɛ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩna walanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa maɣmaɣ lɛ payaɣ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ yem se Al Diyera. Pɩnaɣ 2008 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 151 060 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yee pakalɩɣ ɛyaa km2 taa kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ 755 yɔ.
Youlou Mabiala
Ɛ-nɔɔ taa nɛ leleŋ ɛzɩ sʊmaɣ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ se ɛdɛyɛ yɔ. Kpaɣna pɩnaɣ 1966 kɛ ɛpaza ɛlɩzɩ tatas; ikamaɣ fɛyɩ. Obimi mbwe, Babotoli ngai yo, Mpungu ya bolingo, Nakoluka yo ba nzela nioso, Dodo tuna motema, Nakopesa yo motema, Billy ya ba fiancées.
Pɩnaɣ 1972 taa kɛ ɛna hendu teya sakɩyɛ lɩ OK Jazz ŋgbɛyɛ taa nɛ patʊlɩ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Lovy du Zaïre, ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ Vicky Longomba kɛŋna ñʊʊdʊ yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1974 taa kɛ ɛna hendu teya pɛnɛ Jean Kwamy Munsi, Diatho Lukoki, Djuke, Master mwana Kongo nɛ Nona Simon paɖʊ hendu teu ŋgbɛƴɛ  naɖɩyɛ nɛ payaa-ɖɩ se Somo-SDomo. Pɩnaɣ 1976 kɛ e-hendu teu kpaɣ ɖoŋ camɩyɛ nɛ ɛ-tataɣ ŋga ɛlɩza nɛ ɛyaa-kɛ Kamikaze. Pʊwayɩ ɛlɩza lɛɛsɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ Bisalela, Radio-trottoir, Fariya.
Ositraali Lɩŋamʊʊ
Ositraali Lɩŋgamʊʊ kɛna lɩŋgamʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Atilantiki lɩŋgamʊʊ, Pasifiki Lɩŋgamʊʊ nɛ Ɛndɩ Lɩŋgamʊʊ pɛhɛkʊ taa. Lɩŋgamʊʊ kʊnɛ, paayɔda kʊ-tɔm nɛ pasɩɩ kɩ-kamasɩ lɛ, pɩɩkɛ ɖama nɩnaʊ tɛ kediizaɣ nakɛyɛ ɖeɖe kɛ Antaritiki yɔɔ.
Lɩŋgamʊʊ kʊnɛ kɩwɛ ndɩ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖi se Ositraalii yɔ. Ositraali ɛjaɖɛ wɛ Oseyaanii keteŋa taa nɛ nɖɩ kɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɩla walɩɣ peeɖe yɔ. Ositraali kɛna tɛtʊ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ ko nɛ pɩta yɔ; nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖi-taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, lɩm ɖɔna tɛtʊ ñabɩ ñabɩ ndʊ ndʊ yebu yɔ, tɩ-taa kɔyɔ: Tasimaanii, Lɩŋamʊʊ nŋgʊ kɩwɛna wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa yɔ, Pasiifiki nɛ Indɩ. Ajɛya wena acɔ-ɖɩ nɛ ataa yɔ, a-taa kɔyɔ: hayʊ kɩŋ lɛ, Ɛndonezii, Timɔɔrɩ nɛ Papʊwaasi-Kiinee kɩfalʊʊ. Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hayʊ lɛ, îles Salomon, Vanuatu nɛ Kaledoonii kɩfalʋʋ; wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hadɛ kɩŋ lɛ, Seelandɩ kɩfalʊʊ piyele nɛ îles Kerguelen (TAAF), Heard nɛ McDonald tɛtʊ ñɛwɛna wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa.
Ositraali lɩngamʊʊ ŋgʊ kɛŋna keteŋa kpeekpe lɩŋgamʊʊ lɩŋgamʊʊ nanza ŋgʊ nɛ ŋgʊ pɩɖɩɣna tɩlɩɣ se kɩkɛ lɩŋgamʊʊ. Kɩpɩsɩɣ mbʊ siŋŋŋ yɔ pɩnaɣ 2 000 taa nɛ payaɣ-kʊ ɖɔɖɔ se Antartiki lɩŋgamʊʊ. Tɔm tʊnɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa mba palɩza-wɛ nɛ pɔcɔŋna lɩm yɔɔ yɔ mba lɩzɩna-tʊ. Ɛyaa pɛnɛ payaɣ ositraali lɩŋgamʊʊ hɩla ndɩ ndɩ: kacalaɣ lɛ, papɩzɩɣ payaa lɩŋ,gamʊʊ ŋgʊ se ositraali lɩŋgamʊʊ nɛ nabʊlɛ taa lɛ Antarkitiki lɩŋgamʊʊ yaa kpaagbaa taa lɛ payaɣ-kʊ ɖɔɖɔ se Antarkitiki teŋgu.
Ositraali lɩngamʊʊ kɔnɛ kɩ-walnzɩ taa maɣna ɛzɩ 20 327 000 km2 yɔ nɛ kɩ-daalakɩŋ taa ñɛwɛ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 17 968 yɔ.
Prɔmɛtɩyɔm
Prɔmɛtɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 61 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Pm. Ɛ nɛ tɛkɩnɩsɩyɔm, ɛkɛ pʊtʊ naa naalɛ taa nɔyʊ mba pɛfɛyɩ yuŋ ɛzɩ pɩsɩmʊtɩ, mba pɛfɛyɩna ɖiɣɖiɣ agbele naa. Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛwɛ cazʊ cazʊ ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Bohuslav Brauner kaayɔɔda prɔmɩtɩyɔm wɛʊ tɔm ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1902. Ɛlakaɣa tʊmɩyɛ kɛtɛɖaɣ tɛtʊ naa yɔɔ se ɛpazɩ ɛtɩlɩ tɩ-wɛtʊ piŋ lɛ, ɛna tʊkaɣ sɔsɔ nakayɛ nɛyɔdɩmɩ nɛ samarɩyɔm hɛkʊ taa kakɩlɩ lantanɩdɩ pʊtʊnaa lalaa mba paañɔtɩna kpɛyɛ yɔ. Pɩ-tɛ ɖoziye tɔm ndʊ Henry Moseley tasɩ sazʊʊ tɩ-yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1914, ɛnʊ weyi pʊtʊnaa caɣyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa lɛ ɛna se pʊtʊ nɔyʊ taafɛyɩna ñʊʊ mayaɣ 61.
Iranɩyɔm cɛzɩyaa
Pʋdʋnaa mba payaɣ se ɩranɩyɔm cɛzɩyaa yɔ, pɛkɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʋʋ tɛ wondu. Pɛ-tɛ pʋyʋ kɔtɩɩɩ mayaɣ cɛzɩɣ mbʋ payaɣ se iraniyɔm yɔ pʋbʋ tɛ pʋyʋ kɔtɩɩɩ mayaɣ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se iraniyɔm tɛ pʋyʋ kɔtɩɩɩ mayaɣ cɛzɩ 92. Pa-tɩŋa payɩ pɛkɛ cɛkasɩ tɔtʋ wondu. Pɛfɛyɩna ɖɩwɛyɛ kpɛndɩyɩ weyi eetuu kaʋ yɔ nɔɔyʋ. Pɛkɛ mbʋ ɛyʋ lakɩna e-nesi kɩlabɩnaʋ yɔ. Cɛkasɩ tɔtʋ wondu ndʋ tɩfɛyɩ yuŋ kpem yɔ palakɩ-tʋ hɔ ta ape tɛ heelim ñɔʋ tɛ luyuu ñɩɣyʋʋ taa. Piyele cɛkasɩ tɔtʋ wondu ndʋ tɩwɛ yuŋ yɔ, palakɩ tʋtʋ nɛ pe cikpena tɛ kpidisuu ñɩɣtʋ. Ɖiwiliye ɖamɩŋ nɩɩyɛ taa palakɩ tʋma ana a-tɩŋa. Pɩnaɣ 2016 taa pɔcɔnaa nɛ pana se ɩranɩyɔm cɛzɩyaa 26 tamsɩna ɖama. Piyele mba payaɣ se neptiniyɔm waa yɔ, 93 ñatamsɩna ɖama. Nɛ mba payaɣ se oganɛɛsɔɔ waa yɔ, 118 waa ñatamsɩna ɖama. Pʋkɔm pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 2016 ñɩŋga ŋga ka-taa yɔ, patanada ɖɩwɛyɛ kpɛndɩyʋ nɔɔyʋ se ɛ-tɛ pʋyʋ kɔtɩɩɩ tɛ mayaɣ cɛzɩ 118.
Prɔmɛtɩyɔm
Posusa kajalaɣ natʊ takayaɣ lɛ Italii ɛyaa labɩna tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ mba yɔ Luigi Rolla nɛ Florence Fernande tɛ Lorenzo. Ɛtɛma tʊʊ tɩdɩm ñɩmɩŋ lɩm mbʊ kɩkɛ Preesiili tɛ monasiti yɔ pɩtɩŋna ɖɔmpɩyɛ kɩmaŋ tɛyʊʊ yɔɔ, mbʊ lɛ ɛna lɩm nabʊyʊ pɩ-taa nɛ samarɩyɔm. Lɩm mbʊ pɩcɛlɛ mʊntʊsʊʊ cɛŋga X ŋga kɛkɛ samarɩyɔm ñɩŋa nɛ 61 pʊtʊ yɔ.
Pɩsa nɛ pʊɖʊ hɩɖɛ pɛ-tɛ tɛtʊ lɛ, paya pʊtʊ 61 ɛnʊ se flɔrɛnsɩyɔm. Ɖɔɖɔ pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1926 wɛɛ taa lɛ, lɛɣtʊ tɩnaa nabayɛ kɛ Illinois sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Urbana-Champaign tɛtʊ taa yɔ, Smith Hopkins nɛ Len Yntema posusi pʊtʊ 61 natʊ tɔm. Paya-ɩ se ɩlɩnɩyɔm pɩlɩna pɛ-tɛ sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ hɩɖɛ yɔɔ.
Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa Firziinii
Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa Firziinii kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ.
Pamaza Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa Firziinii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 62 809 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 62 436 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 376 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 0.60 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 45 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa.
Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa Firziinii taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Charleston nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 35 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ nɛɛlɛ nkʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1863.
Pɩnaɣ 2013 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 1 854 304 yɔ. Payaɣ Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa Firziinii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Jim Justice (R) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Joe Manchin (D) nɛ Shelley Moore Capito (R).
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ Eŋgilisi.
Gabriel García Márquez
Kɔlaɣ fenaɣ taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 1929 ɛ-caa nɛ e-ɖoo pɛɖɛParankiya tɛtʊ taa pɩyele Gabriel nɛ ɛ-cɔzɔnaa kɛ Arakatara peeɖe. Mba pɔdɔka-ɩ nɛ ɛpaɣlɩ yɔ, mba lɛ: Doña Tranquilina Iguarán Cotes de Márquez (1863-1947) nɛ sɔɔja sɔsɔ kolonɛɛlɩ Nicolás Ricardo Márquez Mejía (1864-1937). Layʊ sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Angarita yɔ, ɛnʊ ɛsɔna-ɩ ɛsɔ tɛ lɩm lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 27 wiye pɩnaɣ 1930 kɛ Arakata ɛsɔ kpaaŋ taa.
Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé
Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé, Ɖajaa ɛnɛ, palʋla-ɩ mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ kɩyakʋ loɖo (6) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1966 taa. Palʋla-ɩ Afagnan tɛtʋ taa Togo ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛkɛ Togo politiki ɛyʋ nɔɔyʋ.
Ɛpɩsɩ Togo ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ pɩnaɣ 2005 ñɩŋga taa. Kajalaɣ taa lɛ, ɛ-caa Eyadéma sɩba lɛ, Togo sɔɔjanaa sɩ-ɩ ɛ-caa kpelaɣ yɔɔ se ɛtɛzɩ ɛ-caa alɩwaatʋ ndʋ pɩɩwɛɛ se ɛlɛ ɛtɛzɩ nɛ pʋcɔ paaɖaɣnɩ tɔʋ caca kɩfalʋʋ nɛ palɩzɩ Togo ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ kɩfalʋ yɔ. Ɛcaɣ ɛ-caa lone ńɖɩ ɖɩ-taa, kpaɣna lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ lʋbɛ (7) ñɩŋgʋ wiye nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩnɩ kɩ-kɩyakʋ nɩɩlɛ nɛ kagbaanzɩ ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2005 taa. Ɛ-caa pɩnzɩ ńzɩ sɩtɛmna nɛ pʋwayɩ pɔtɔ caca ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɩɩlɛ nɛ naanza (24) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ kʋɖʋmaɣ ŋ́ga ka-taa se palɩzɩ Togo ɛjaɖɛ ɖiyiyu kɩfalʋ. Pɔtɔ-kʋ lɛ, Faure kʋɖʋm weyi ɛtɛza ɛ-caa pɩnzɩ yɔ, ɛnʋʋ palɩzaa se ɛtasɩ ɖiyiɣ Togo ɛjaɖɛ.
Eɖiyi Togo ɛjaɖɛ nɛ pɩtalɩ pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ wayɩ lɛ, paɖaɣnɩ tɔʋ caca kɩfalʋʋ lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ naanza (4) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2010 taa se pɛlɛɣzɩ Togo ɛjaɖɛ ɖiyiyu. Pɔtɔ-kʋ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, kʋɖʋm ɛnʋ ɖɔɖɔ patasɩ lɩzʋʋ se ɛtasɩ ɖɔkʋʋ Togo ɛjaɖɛ nabʋlɛ ɖeɖe.
Paɖaɣna-ɩ lɩzʋʋ nabʋlɛ ɖeɖe nɛ pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ tasɩ ɖɛʋ lɛ, patasɩ tɔʋ caca kɩfalʋʋ nabudozo ñɩŋgʋ ɛ-caa sɩm wayɩ se pɛlɛɣzɩ Togo ɛjaɖɛ ɖɔkɩyʋ. Pɔtɔ-kʋkʋ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɩɩlɛ nɛ kagbaanzɩ (25) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2015 taa. Pɔtɔ caca kɩfalʋʋ ŋ́gʋ lɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, Faure Gnassingbé kʋɖʋm ɛnʋ ɖɔɖɔ patasɩ lɩzʋʋ sɛ eɖiyi Togo ɛjaɖɛ nabudozo ɖiyuu ɛ-caa sɩm wayɩ. Toovenum lɛ, Togo ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʋ pɔzaa se pɔtɔʋ caca nɛ palɩzɩ weyi se ɛkɛ ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ yɔ, ɛlakɩ pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ lɛ, ɛkʋyʋʋ kpelaɣ yɔɔ nɛ paɖaɣnɩ tɔʋ caca kɩfalʋʋ nɛ palɩzɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɔkɩyʋ kɩfalʋ. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, pɩtaha waɖɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ nɔɔyʋ se ɛtasɩ sɩʋ ɛ-takayaɣ se palɩzɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛkɛ ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ nabudozo ɖeɖe.
Ɖajaa Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé kɛkɛ paɣtʋ lɩzɩyʋ Blita egetiye taa. Ɛlʋkaɣ ɛ-caa Gnassingbé Eyadèma tɛ politiki ŋgbɛyɛ yɔɔ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ɛlʋkaɣ Togo politiki ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se RPT yɔ ɖɩ-yɔɔ.
Paatɛma ñɔɔzʋʋ se ɖajaa Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé kɛɣna Togo Ñʋʋdʋ ɛ-caa Etienne Gnassingbé Eyadèma sɩm wayɩ. Waaɣ tozo, pɩnaɣ 2002 taa, Ñʋʋdʋ Eyadèma laba nɛ pɛlɛɣzɩ Togo ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʋ natʋyʋ. Paɣtʋ ndʋʋ yɔ se yee Togo pɩɣa ɛfɛyɩna pɩnzɩ nɛ sɩtalɩ hiu waa naanza nɛ kagbaanzɩ (45) yɔ, ɛɛpɩzɩ ɛsɩɩ ɛ-takayaɣ se palɩzɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛkɛ ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ yɔ.
Pɛlɛɣzɩ paɣtʋ ńdʋ. Paɖʋ kɩfatʋ nɛ tʋtʋ tɔŋ se, yee Togo pɩɣa nakɛyɩ ɛtalɩ pɩnzɩ niidozo nɛ kagbaanzɩ (35) yɔ, kapɩzɩɣ kɛkɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ. Ñʋʋdʋ Eyadèma laba nɛ paɖʋ paɣtʋ kɩfatʋ tʋnɛ yɔ, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, ɛ-pɩyalʋ Faure Essozimna kaawɛna pɩnzɩ nzɩɩ alɩwaatʋ ńdʋ. Lɛɛlɛyɔ, pɩha ɛ-pɩyalʋ ɛnʋʋ waɖɛ se ɛsɩɩ ɛ-takayaɣ waaɣ naza, pɩnaɣ 2003 taa se palɩzɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛkɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ, yee ɛnʋʋ Eyadèma ɛɛpɩzɩɣ se ɛtasɩ ɖɔkʋʋ kpelaɣ kɔyɔ.
Pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 2003 lɛ, Ñʋʋdʋ Eyadèma wɛ ɖoŋ se ɛtasɩ Togo kpelaɣ yɔɔ caɣʋ. Pʋ-yɔɔ ɛtasɩ sɩʋ ɛ-takayaɣ se palɩzɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛɖaɣnɩ ɖiyuu Togo samaɣ. Pɔtɔ caca ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɛnʋʋ palɩzaa se ɛɖaɣnɩ Togo samaɣ ɖiyuu pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ nzɩ sɩkɔŋ yɔ sɩ-taa. Pɔtɔʋ-kʋ yɔ, ɛyaa mɩnɩʋ yɔɔ lɛ, ɛyaa nɩɩnʋwa nɛ ɛyaa naalɛ (52) lɩzɩna-ɩ se ɛɖaɣnɩ ɖɔkʋʋ Togo samaɣ.
Toovenum lɛ, Ñʋʋdʋ Eyadèma kɛtɛma ñɔɔzʋʋ ɛ-pɩyalʋ Faure Essozimna se ɛcaɣ e-kpelaɣ yɔɔ ɛ-sɩm wayɩ. Pʋ-yɔɔ ɛsʋza-ɩ Togo komina taa se ɛtɩlɩ Togo komina politiki lɛɣtʋ.
Waaɣ naza, pɩnaɣ 1993 taa Anasaayɩnaa ajɛya ŋgbɛyɛ kɛcɛba taabalɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩɩwɛ ɖɩ nɛ Togo pɛ-hɛkʋ taa yɔ. Ɖɩcɛba-ɖɩ mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, kiɖi kiɖi lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ nasɩyɩ lakaɣ pɩnaɣ ŋ́ga ka-taa Togo taa pɩlɩɩna ɛyʋ waɖɛ yɔɔ fɛyʋʋ Togo taa yɔɔ.
Lɛlaɣ fenaɣ, waaɣ falaŋga pɩnaɣ 2005 taa Ñʋʋdʋ Eyadèma wona sɔsaa mʋlʋ. Pɩnaɣ ŋ́ga ka-taa Togo sɔɔjanaa sɔsaa ɖʋ nesi nɛ pɛlɛɣzɩ Togo paɣtʋ nɛ pɩha waɖɛ ɛ-pɩyalʋ Faure Essozimna se ɛcaɣ ɛ-caɣ kpelaɣ yɔɔ.
Togo politiki aŋgba wena abama Togo komina  nɛ ɛsa yɔ nɛ Afrɩka ajɛya kɩkpɛndʋʋ ŋgbɛyɛ kizi tɔm ńdʋ. Pʋ-yɔɔ Faure Essozimna tɔma se ɛnʋ ɛɛtɛzɩɣ ɛ-caa pɩnzɩ nzɩ pɩzaɣ ɛlɛɛ kpelaɣ yɔɔ yɔ. Ɛlɛ, eyeki nɛ pɔtɔ caca fanasɩ naalɛ wayɩ nɛ palɩzɩ Togo ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ kɩfalʋ.
Ɖajaa Faure Essozimna kizaa se ɛɛtɛzɩɣ ɛ-caa pɩnzɩ kpelaɣ yɔɔ, ɛlɛ, etisaa se ɛsɩɣ ɛ-takayaɣ nɛ pɔtɔ caca kɩfalʋʋ lɛ, paalɩzɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛkɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ. Ɛlɛ, Togo sɔɔjanaa kizina-ɩ nɛ pakpa-ɩ nɛ ɖoŋ nɛ pasɩɩ-ɩ ɛ-caa kpelaɣ yɔɔ se ɛtɛzɩ ɛlɛ pɩnzɩ nɛ pʋcɔ paatɔ caca kɩfalʋʋ.
Toovenum lɛ, Togo paɣtʋ yɔɔdʋʋ se, yee ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ ɛfɛyɩ kɔyɔ, paɣtʋ lɩzɩyaa Ñʋʋdʋ cakɩna e-kpelaɣ yɔɔ nɛ pʋcɔ paatɔ caca nɛ palɩzɩ ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ kɩfalʋ. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ Ñʋʋdʋ Eyadèma sɩba yɔ, ɖajaa Fambaré Ouattara Natchaba kɛkɛŋna Togo paɣtʋ lɩzɩyaa nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʋ. Yee ḿbʋ, pɩɩfɛɛ se ɛnʋ cakɩna Ñʋʋdʋ Eyadèma kpelaɣ yɔɔ.
1911
Pɩnaɣ 1911 kɛ pɩnaɣ 1911 ñɩŋga kɛ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ yɔ. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ taa lɛ, pɩnaɣ 1911 kɛŋna hiu nɛ kʋɖʋm ñɩŋga. Kɛwɛ pɩnzɩ 1910 nɛ 1912 hɛkʋ taa. =1911 taa lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ = Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ sɩnɛ yɔ sɩlaba :
Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé
Pʋ-yɔɔ pasɩ Ɖajaa Faure Essozimna se ɛlɛ ɛtɛzɩ ɛ-caa pɩnzɩ kpelaɣ yɔɔ. Pɔkɔma pɔtɔ caca kɩfalʋʋ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ naanza ñɩŋgʋ (24) wiye, waaɣ falaŋga pɩnaɣ 2005 taa lɛ Togo sɔɔjanaa ɖʋ nesi siŋŋ nɛ pɩla se ɖajaa Faure Essozimna waba caca ŋ́gʋ kʋ-tɔʋ taa. Ɛyaa mɩnʋʋ yɔɔ lɛ, ɛyaa 60,6 lɩzɩna-ɩ se ɛkɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ.
Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ pɔtɔ caca ŋ́gʋ nɛ pɛtɛ nɛ posusi se ɖajaa Ñʋʋdʋ Eyadèma Pɩyalʋ, ɖajaa Faure Essozimna wabɩna yɔ, pɩtala ɛyaa mba papamɩ Togo komina nɛ ɛsɔ yɔ leleŋ. Pʋ-yɔɔ kiɖikiɖi lakasɩ laba siŋŋ Togo ɛjaɖɛ taa. Kiɖikiɖi lakasɩ ńzɩ sɩ-taa nabɛyɩ tɔŋ se ɛyaa 790 hiɣ sɩm mba papamɩ komina nɛ ɛsa yɔ pa-taa.
Ajɛya ndɩ ndɩ tiyina mba se pɔcɔna nɛ pana  ɛzɩma caca ŋ́gʋ kʋɖɔma ɖɔm mbʋʋ Togo taa yɔ, paba ñɔtɔŋ se ɛyaa 154 lesina pe-weziŋ caca ŋ́gʋ kʋ-ɖɔm taa. Akɔma nabɛyɛ ñɔtɔŋ se ɛyaa mba pasɩba yɔ, patalɩ 400 mbʋ yɔ. Lalaa se patalɩ 500 mbʋ yɔ.
Kedeŋa kpeekpe ajɛya kɩkpɛndʋʋ ŋgbɛyɛ « ONU » Ñʋʋdʋ Togo taa, ɖajaa Fidèle Sarassoro Susini tɔm tʋnɛ. Esusi-tʋ nɛ ɛtɛ lɛ, Togo kaɖɩsɩ sʋsaa mba pɔñɔɔza caca tɔʋ nɛ kɩ-tɛm tʋma tɩŋa payɩ yɔɔ yɔ, pekizi tɔm ndʋ esusaa mbʋ yɔ. Toovenum lɛ, ɖajaa Fidèle Sarassoro kɛkɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ samaɣ lɩm ɖʋyʋ tɛ Minisi taabalʋ nɔɔyʋ siŋŋ. Minisi ɛnʋ, ɛ-hɩɖɛ lɛ, ɖajaa François Boko. Minisi ɛnɛ, ekisi ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ labʋ kɩyakɩŋ cabɩ nɛ pʋcɔ pɔtɔʋ caca se palɩzɩ Togo ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ. Ɛtɔma se pɔñɔɔzɩ kiɖikiɖi lakasɩ nasɩyɛ se pɔkɔŋ labʋ caca tɔʋ mbʋ pɩ-taa. Ŋgʋ, ɛnʋ ɛɛpɩzɩ se ɛlʋbɩna pɩ-tɛ kiɖikiɖi lakasɩ ńzɩ.
Agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʋ naadozo ñɩŋgʋ wiye, waaɣ falaŋga pɩnaɣ 2005 taa mba pɔcɔna caca tɔʋ tʋma yɔɔ yɔ posusaa se ɖajaa Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé wabɩna. Kɩyakʋ ŋ́gʋ, kɩ-tɛʋ kifemuu ɖajaa Faure Essozimna ɖuu samaɣ ɛsindaa se ɛnʋ eɖiyiɣ Togo samaɣ siɣsiɣ nɛ toovenum pa-taa.
Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa laba leleŋ se Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé wabɩna. Pʋ-yɔɔ patɩsusaa se Faure Essozimna wabɩna lɛ, ɖɩ-ɛjaɖɛ tɛ Minisi weyi ɛcɔŋna Fransɩ nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna tɛ taabalɩyɛ yɔɔ yɔ, etiyini Togo Fransɩ sɛtʋ takayaɣ.
Ɛlɛ, Togo Minisiwaa nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʋ kɩbɩnʋ, ɖajaa Agbeyomé Kodjo ñɔtɔma se pɔtɔʋ caca ŋgʋ yɔ, pɩtɛkɛ Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé wabɩna. Ɛkaɖaa se pɔtɔʋ-kʋ yɔ, ɛyaa mɩnʋʋ yɔɔ lɛ, ɛyaa lʋbɛ ɖeke lɩzɩna Faure Essozimna se ɛkɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ. Ɖajaa Agbeyomé Kodjo kɛkɛ Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé caa, Ñʋʋdʋ Eyadèma taabalʋ pɩnɩɩ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛlɛ, ɛkɔma ɛsʋʋ Togo politiki aŋgba wena apama Togo komina nɛ ɛsa yɔ a-taa waaɣ naza, pɩnaɣ 2002 taa.
Maldivii
Maldivii kɛna Azii ilemiye nɛ hadɛ kiŋ tɛtʊ natʊyʊ. Pamaza Maldivii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 298 km2 nɛ ɖoli fɛyɩ se lɩm wɛɛ.Hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 26 wiye pɩnaɣ 1965 kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ. Payaɣ Maldivii ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ se Abdulla Yameen Abdul Gavon.
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ maldiviyɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Malee nɛ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩna walanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ.
Pɩnaɣ 2017 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 392 709 yɔ. .Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yee pakalɩɣ ɛyaa km2 taa kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ 60 yɔ. Yee ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛyaa nɔɔyʊ kɛ kaŋgalafu yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛma +960 ɛ-tɛ kaŋgalafu kpata yɔɔ pʊcɔ ŋɛ ɛɛma pɩtɛ ɛyʊʊ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ.
Liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkɩ-ɖɩ peeɖe yɔ payaɣ-ɖɩ se rufiva.
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Tamasɩ
Tamasɩ kɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Siirii yɔ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊi ndʊ pakala ɛyaakɛ tɩ-taa lɛ, pɛɖɛ ɛyaa ɛzɩ miliyɔɔ 1 700 000 yɔ ɛlɛ yee pɩkɛ tɩ-hɛkʊ taa siŋŋ kɔyɔ pɛɖɛ ɛyaa ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa 2 600 000 yɔ. Tamasɩ wɛ keteŋga kpeekp taa tɛtʊsɔsɔtʊ ndʊ ɖooo pɛlɛkaɣ ti-taa caaʊ yɔ tɩ-taa. Tamasɩ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tiposina Mediteranee teŋgu ɛzɩ kɩlomɛtanaa 80 yɔ nɛ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ pʊʊ nakʊyʊ yɔɔ nɛ pʊʊ ŋgʊ kʊ-kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ taa maɣna mɛtanaa ɛzɩ 680 yɔ.
Tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ pɔɔ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ se Paɖada yɔ kɔcɔlɔ. Panaɣ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ malɩŋ ɛsɔsɛtʊ namɩŋ sakɩyɛ nɛ ɩ-taa kɔyɔ: Omeyadinaa, Azim kewiyaɣ ɖaɣ, Khan Assad Pacha ɖaɣ, Souk  Al-Hamidiyya, Souk Medhatt Basha, Souk Bzouriye. Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyuɛ taa lɛ, cɔcɩ tɩnɛ kɩlɩna wɛʊ. Ɛsɔ tɔm takayaɣ taa payaɣ Tamasɩ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-hɩɖɛ kpem. Tamasɩ hɩdɛ wɛ Kiɖe tɛɛ tɔm takayaɣ taa, ɖɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ Awiya takayaɣ taa. Iben Battuta kɛtɩɣ Tamasɩ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ nɛ mbʊ ɛyʊ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɛkɛdɩna yɔ nɛ ɛtɔŋ se paa paakɛdɩna ɛpɛ yɔ, pɩɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ pɩna kpayɩ kpayɩ se tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ ɖeu camɩyɛ. Ɛtɔŋ camɩyɛ se nabʊyʊ fɛyɩ se papɩzɩ nɛ pakpɣ nɛ pɛkɛdɩna-tʊ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ cɩnɛ.
Kopɛnhaagɩ
Kopɛnhaagɩ kɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ -ɖɩ se Tanɩmarkɩ yɔ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Pɩnaɣ 2017 taa pakala ɛyaa kɛ maalika kɛnɛ ka-taa ɖeke lɛ, pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 569 557 yɔ.
Pɩwɛɛ mbʊ lɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 2017 taa pakala ɛyaa kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, pana-wɛ ɛzɩ 1 295 686 yɔ ɛlɛ patamna koogasi nzɩsɩcɔ maalika kɛnɛ nɛ kata kɔyɔ, panaɣ ɛyaa ɛzɩ 1 950 430 yɔ. Yee ɛyʊ ɛcaɣ se ewolo ɖenɖe payaɣ se malmoo yɔ yɔ, ɛtɩŋgʊʊna kondoloko ŋgʊ payaɣ se Ɔrɛsundi yɔ. Kopɛnhaagɩ tɔbʊʊ se tada laɖaa kondoloko.
Taanɩmarkɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-tɛ walanzɩ taa maɣna ɛzɩ ɛkɩtaarɩnaa ɛzɩ 8 825 yaa 88,25 km2 ɛlɛ yee pɛkpɛndɩna ageɣtaa wena acɔ maalika kʊnɛ nɛ kɩtaa yɔ, tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ taa wɛʊ ɛzɩ ɛkɩtaarɩnaa  303 000 yaa 3 030 km2. Payaɣ peeɖe maalika yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ kɩfalʊ se Frank Jensen.
Maɣzɩm kɔɔ labɩtʊ tʊmɩyɛ
Maɣzɩm kɔɔ labɩtʊ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ (/psi.ko.te.ʁa.pi/) pɩkɛ fɛbɩtʊ natɩyʊ yaa kɔɔ labɩtʊ natʊyʊ pɩtɩŋna ɛyʊ weyi ɛsɩma pɩtɩŋna kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-yɔɔ yɔ, kɛ ɛyʊ lɛɛlʊ yaa ɛyaa nabayɛ mba palakɩ maɣzɩm taa kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ nɛ kɩñɔŋ yɔ, ɛlɛ nabʊyʊ taa lɛ pɔsɔzʊʊ kɔɔ lɛɛna ɛzɩ anasaayɩ kɔɔ mbʊ yɔ ŋkpaɣ ŋɖɛɛ. Ɛcɔŋna kʊdɔndɩnaa yɔɔ (piyaa yaa ɛyaa sʊtɩyaa), pɩtɩŋna ɛyʊ tɛ kʊdɔŋ ɖoŋ yɔɔ, nɛ ɛzɩma pʊwɛɛ se ɛɖʊ nesi pɩ-tɛ ɛyʊ yɔɔ yɔ, kɔɔ labɩtʊ ɖɔ sakɩyɛ nɛ laɣsɩ wɛɛ ndɩ ɖɔɖɔ pɩlɩna wɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ yɔɔ nɛ halɩ nabʊyʊ taa pɩcaɣ kaɖɛ piŋ.
Nabʊyʊ taa pɩlɩna kʊdɔŋ tʊ nɛ kɔɔ laɖʊ pɔyɔɔdɩtʊ cɔlɔ pɩcɛlɩna ɛzɩma panɩɣna ɖama pɩlɩna kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩwɩɣ-ɩ kɩ-yɔɔ. Kɛlɛ mbʊ lɛ ɛyʊ weyi ɛzɩma pʊ-tʊmɩyɛ paɣeɩ-ɩ tʊmɩyɛ labʊ, nabʊyʊ lɩmaɣza cɔlɔ, yaa cɔɔcɩ ɛsɔ sɛtʊ cɔlɔ.
Maɣzɩm kɔɔ labɩtʊ tʊmɩyɛ tɔmpiye lɩna krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ lila taa mbʊ se θεραπεία, therapeía (pʊ-tɔbʊʊ kɔɔ wazʊʊ) nɛ ψυχή, psykhê (pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se kalɩzaɣ, fezuu) nɛ matʊ paɣtʊ taa lɛ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se maɣzɩm kɔɔ fɛbɩtʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ.
Alɩwaatʊ kɩfatʊ tʊ nɛ tɛ tɔbʊʊ nɩɣ lɩna kpaŋ kʊdɔmɩŋ wazʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ ɛkɛ Ɛŋglɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ tʊ nɛ paya-ɩ se Walter Cooper Dendy, ɛnʊ lɩza nɛ tɔmpiye psychotherapeia pɩnaɣ 1853. Maɣzɩm kɔɔ labɩnaʊ tʊmɩyɛ tɔmpiye wɛʊʊ yɔ Hippolyte Bernheim lubina-ɖɩ, ɛnʊ kaakɛna Nancii sukuli ñʊʊ tʊ ɛnʊ kaasuzina takayaɣ nakayɛ tɔm ŋga payaa se Hypnotisme, suggestion, psychothérapie kɛ pɩnaɣ 1891. Ŋgʊ ɖɩcɔna kɔyɔ tɔmpiye maɣzɩm kɔɔ labɩtʊ ñɔɔ Caama ɛjaɖɛ kɛ kpaɣɖʊ 19 kɛnɛ.
Pierre-Simon de Laplace
Palʊla-ɩ Pierre-Simon Laplace liɖe taa kɛnɛ, palʊla-ɩ lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 23 pɩnaɣ 1749 Beaumont-en-Auge nɛ ɛsɩ lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 5 1827 Paarii tɛtʊ, ɛkɛ tɩlɩyʊ ɛyʊ tɩyɩnzɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ, tomnasi ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ nɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa politiki ɛyʊ.
Laplace kɛ tɩlɩya yaa lɛɣtʊ tɩna taa niye mʊyʊ lɛlʊ ɖɔɖɔ Napoléon alɩwaatʊ taa. Siŋ taa lɛ, ɛɖʊ nisi sakɩyɛ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa lɛɣtʊ nɔmɔʊ taa nɛ tɩyɩnzɩ yɔɔ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɔm taa nɛ kpeu tɛ akɔnta lɩmaɣza taa. Ɛ-tɛ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ ɛwaba siŋ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ ɛ-tɛ pɩɩtɛmaɖʊʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɛ ñʊʊ kam.
Pɩnaɣ 1799 wɛɛ taa lɛ, pakpa-ɩ ɛjaɖɛ kewiyaɣ taa lɩm ɖʊyʊ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se mɩnɩsɩtrɩ pɩtɩŋna ɛjaɖɛ tɔm yɔɔ cɔnayʊ yɔɔ. Napoléon Kajalaɣ tʊ yebina-ɩ Ampiiri kewiyitu pɩnaɣ 1808. Pʊkɔma pɩnaɣ 1817 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, pakpa-ɩ se ɛpɩsɩ cɛjɛ wɛɛ wena Bourbon waa ɖanɩɣ pɩsʊʊ yɔ. Ɛkɛ Normand tʊ nɛ pɩɣa ŋga kɛwɛna tɛtʊ pazɩ yɔ yaa haɖaʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ, Pierre-Simon Laplace laba sukuli pɩtɩŋna ɛ-cɔlɔ kpɛyɛ ɛyaa ɖoŋ yɔɔ kɛnɛ pɩlɩna mbʊ pasɩma-ɩ se ɛwɛ nesi tɛɛ ñɩm nɛ ɛmʊna ñamtʊ yɔ. Ɛlaba sukuli pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1765 Beaumont kɔlɛzɩ sukuli ŋgʊ Maur Kiɖeɖeʊ ñɩma mba pɛwɛna Ɛsɔ wazaɣ yɔ.
Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa powona-ɩ Caen sukuli kɩtɛzɩ taa. Pɔcɔ lɛ, ɛlaba nɔɔ leleŋ paɣtʊ sukuli kɛ nesi tɛɛ keɖeɣa kɔlɛzɩ sukuli taa, ɛpaɣzɩ ɛyɔ yɔɔ lɩmaɣza sukuli sɔŋgɔ alɩwaatʊ tɛma wayi lɛ pɩnaɣ 1766 ɛ-nɛ ɛ-wɩlɩyʊ Jean Adam kɛ Ɖeɣa kɔlɛzɩ taa, anasaayɩ taa lɛ payaɣ se kollège du Bois. Ɛlaba sukuli ɖɔɖɔ ɛ-nɛ Christoph Gadbled, ɛlɛ kaakɛ lɩm kañaɖaɣ kpɛlɛkʊʊ wɩlɩyʊ Caen nɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɛɣtʊ yaa tɩlɩyɛ wɩlɩyʊ nesi tɛɛ keɖeɣa sukuli taa, Pierre Canu ɛɛkɛ sukuli pɩɣa kɩbɩnaɣ Gadbled nɛ ɖɔɖɔ wɩlɩyʊ ɛyʊ yɔɔ maɣzɩm hɔɔlʊʊ taa Mont kɔlɛzɩ taa pɩnaɣ 1769 paɣzɩtʊ taa. Kpaɣ nɛ pɩnaɣ 1767 ŋtalɩ 1769, ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ sɩnaʊ wɩlɩyʊ kɛ Beaumont kɔlɛzɩ taa.
Laplace ɖʊ ɛ-kajalaɣ nesi kewiyaɣ tɛ lɛɣtʊ tɩna tɛ tɔm yɔɔ kandɩya tɔm taa lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 28 pɩnaɣ 1770. Ɛyaa hiŋ nɛ naatozo cɔŋnɩna ɛ-lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-yɔɔ pʊcɔ pɩwɛɛ se pala caca nɛ palɩzɩ-ɩ se ɛkɛ pɛ-ɛyʊ wayɩ tʊ lakɩŋ fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 1773 (ɛlɛ Desmarest ɛlɛza). Pɩnaɣ 1775 lɛ, ɛmʊ pɩnaɣ kɩhɛyʊʊ nakʊyʊ ŋgʊ yɔ 500 liviri kandɩya mba pɔ-cɔlɔ nɛ pɩnaɣ 1776 paɖɩza sɔjana kewiyaɣ sukuli nɛ papɩsɩ-kʊ ɛyaa kɩmaɣna camɩyɛ tɩna sukuli lɛ, pɛhɛyɩ-ɩ liviri naa 600.
Maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ
Maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ (Krɛsɩ kɩbɩnʊʊ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, psukhê, kalɩzaɣ, nɛ logos, tɔmʊʊ) pɩkɛ maɣzɩm laɣsɩ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ, wɛtʊ naa nɛ feteenim ɖɔnɛ. Maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ kɛ lɔnsɩɖɛ tɩlɩyɛ yaa ñʊʊ taa kpaʊ tʊmɩyɛ wɛtʊ, lɩmaɣza, ɛyʊ wɛtʊ naa, nɛ ɛzɩma ɛyʊ maɣzʊʊ, nɛ ɛzɩma ɛyʊ nɩɣʊ, nɛ ɛ-laɣkasɩ mbʊ piyeki nɛ patɩlɩɣ ɛyʊ yɔ yaa samaɣ nakɛyɛ yɔ. Maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ kɛ tʊmɩyɛ piliŋga ŋga kɛwɛ ɛyʊ yɔɔ lɛɣtʊ tɔm pɩlʊʊ taa. Pɛtɛyɩ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ hɔɔlɩŋ sakɩyɛ nɛ lɩmaɣza nɛ ñɩnɩɣ nɔmɔŋ wɛɛ ndɩ ndɩ kpaɖɩɣ yɔɔ kpaɖɩɣ yɔɔ, maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ labɩtʊ ɖɔ sakɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ.
Tɔmɩŋ ɖɩlɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ lɛ, maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɔmpiye lɩna Latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa psychologia, tɔmpiye ɖɩ maɣmaɣ pama-ɖɩ nɛ krɛkɩ kɩbɩnɩɣ kʊnʊŋ taa ψυχή (psukhē ñʊʊ taa kpaʊ ciyam, kalɩzaɣ) nɛ -λογία (-logia, lɛɣtʊ, kpɛlɛkɩtʊ, ñɩnɩɣʊ) pɩtɩŋna croate ɛyʊ yɔɔ tɩlɩyʊ sɔsɔ Marko Marulić (pɩnaɣ 1450 ŋtalɩ 1524 alɩwaatʊ).
Paa ɛzɩmta lɛ, tɔmpiye nɖɩ tovonum lɛ, ɖɩtɔyɩ pɩɣyɩyaa tɛ lɛɣzɩtʊ ɛyaa tɛ Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa, pɩtɩŋna Philippe Melanchthon takayasɩ maʊ yɔɔ weyi ɛɖaɣnɩ kpaʊ tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ ɛ-tɛ Ɛsɔ tɔm takayasɩ taa yɔ nɛ ɛ-tɛ ndɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ pɩlɩna Aristote ɛyʊ yɔɔ maɣzɩm tɔm taa. Tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩnaɣ ɖɩ-tɩ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ kaɖɛ yɔɔdasɩ.
Pasɩŋ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ pilinzi ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩna laɣsɩ nzɩ pakpaɣ nɛ palakɩna tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ yɔ (ɖɔkɔtɔ mɛwɛ mantɩ yɔɔ yaa takʊʊ piŋ), yaa pʊtɔma yɔ ɛyʊ tʊmɩyɛ labʊ cɔlɔ (tʊmɩyɛ, lɛɣtʊ, natʊ yaa losuu, kpɛlɛkɩtʊ, camɩyɛ ɖɔkʊʊ, wɛtʊ ɛyaa nabɛyɛ taa com). Nabʊyʊ lɛ, pʊtɔma maɣzɩm tɩlʊʊ, kpaaŋ kʊdɔmɩŋ kpɛlɛkʊʊ, ɛyaa tɛ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ, pɩɣa maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɛ paɣlaka, maɣzɩm ajɔɔla tʊmɩyɛ ɖɔnɛ yɔɔ laɣsɩ, kpɩna maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ.
Tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ
Wezuu kpɛlɛkɩya cɔlɔ lɛ, tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ kɛna wonuu ŋgʊ kʊtɔkɩ yem yem yɔ. Yɔɔdaɣ taa lɛ, payaɣ se kpɩnɛ yaa tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ yɔ, pɩkɛna tʊkaɣ ŋga pɩwɛɛ se paɖʊ kpɩnɛ nɛ ɛyʊ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa. Payaɣʊ ɖɔɖɔ se tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ yɔ tʊkaɣ nakayɩ wɛ anɛ kpɩna cikpena ɛzɩ nakaŋ yɔ pɩhɛkʊtaa. Kpɩna kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɩnaa yɔɔdʊna tɛtɛ kpɩna yɔɔ tɔm camɩyɛ. Paa tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ nɖɩ pɩweɛna-ɖɩ kɩcɛyʊ se ɖɩwɛɛna lɩm, tiyokisizɛnɩ nɛ tɔɔnaasɩ ndɩ ndɩ yaa yɛɖɛ yɛɖɛ. Tɛtɛ kpɩna tɔkʊʊ tɔɔnasɩ ndɩ ndɩ nzɩ yɔ, sɩwaɣ-yɛ tomnnasi taa ɖoŋ, hundu yɔʊ, sɔŋ yaa sɔzɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ mɔɔ taa ɖoŋ.
Ɛzɩ mbʊ mbʊ pifezuu yɔ, lɩm kɛna tɔɔnaɣ ŋga kɛwɛ kɩcɛyʊ siŋŋŋ ŋga pɩwɛna tɛtɛ kpɩna se awɛɛna nɛ ahiu mbʊ pʊpɔzʊʊ-yɛ yɔ. Tɛtɛ kpɩna wɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Naayɛ wɛɛ lɛ, a-yɔɔ nɛ pɔɔya nɛ a-taa kɔyɔ mukuuliŋ, caafela, kʊŋgʊ tɛyɩŋ, kamayɩŋ. Lɛɛna lɛ a-ñʊŋ yɔɔ kɛ naŋgbanzɩ nɛ payaa-yɛ se ñʊʊ yɔɔ naŋgbanzɩ kpɩna. Kpɩna naayɛ wɛ lɛ awɛna fekeditu naalɛ. Tɛtɛ kpɩna naayɛ wɛɛ lɛ, afɛyɩna mɔɔ a-toma taa nɛ a-taa kɔyɔ kpalaacɩnjɩnzɩ. Kpalacɩnjɩŋga pɩzʊ kɛsɛtɩ ɛlɛ paa hɔɔlʊ ŋgʊ kɩtaŋ. Lɩm tɛɛ wondu wɛ, tataa kpɩna wɛɛ nɛ ɛsɔtaa sʊmasɩ wɛɛ.
Keteŋga kpeekpe yɔɔ tɛtɛ kpɩna wena pazɩma nɛ pakalɩ-yɛ yɔ awɛʊ ɛzʊ 1 250 000 yɔ. Ñɩnɩya nabayɩ tɔŋ size tɛtɛ kpɩna wena awɛɛ yɔ atalʊ ɛzɩ kutokiŋ ɛkpɔŋ hiu yɔ nɛ kʊtokiŋ ɛkpɔŋ ɛzɩ mɩnɩʊ yɔ kaatɛma wɛʊ ɛzɩ ɖooo ɛyʊ wɛʊ ketyeŋga yɔɔ yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 2011 yɔɔdʊ se lɩm tɛɛ tɛtɛ kpɩna wena awɛɛ yɔ atalʊ ɛzɩ 2 150 000 piyele tɛtʊ yɔɔ ñɩna ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 7 770 000 yɔ.
James Joyce
Palʊla James Joyce kɛ Tublɩŋ tɛtʊ taa kɛ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naalɛ wiye pɩnaɣ 1882 nɛ ɛkʊyɩ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 13 pɩnaɣ 1941 kɛ Zurisi. Joyce kɛna Irlandɛ tɛtʊ taa ɖomaŋ mayʊ nɛ keesi mayʊ. Ɛkɛna ɛyʊ weyi ɛwɛna keveŋga tʊ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ XX taa pɩlɩɩna ndʊ ndʊ ɛ-ma yɔ tɩu-yɔɔ. Ɛ-takayɩsɩ sɔsɔsɩ taa kɔyɔ: aseɣla tɔm, romaŋwaa nɛ takayɩsɩ lɛɛsɩ ndɩ ndɩ. Paa ɛsɩ ɛtacaɣ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa kɔyɔ, ndʊ ɛma yɔ tɩ-taa nɛ Irlandɛ wɛtʊ sida pɩtaa.
James Augustine Joyce kɛ pɩɣa kacalaɣ tʊ pɩya looɖo taa. Ɛ-ñɩma kɛ katolika mba. E-ɖoo (1859-1903) tɔlɩ hɔsɩ ɛzɩ tɔm 15 yɔ pɩnzɩ 17 taa nɛ pɩɩwɛʊ. Pɩmaba ɛtɩnaɣ yɔɔ tɔm sakɩyɛ, pɩya naalɛ ñasɩbɩna tɔbʊlutiye. James Augustine Joyce kaawɛna pɩnzɩ looɖo (1888) lɛ ɛpazɩ e-kɔɔnaɣ sukuli kɛ Zezuwiti sukuli taa. Kpaagbaa mbʊ lɛ, James wɩlɩ se ɛ-ñʊʊtaa ɖoŋ pɩkɩlɩ lalaa, halɩ pɩtamna tɔnʊʊ taa haƴɩsʊ ɖeɖe. Ɛlabɩ peeɖe pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ lɛ ɛlɩ peeɖe mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ɛ-caa tatasɩɣ pɩzʊ se ɛhɛyɩ ɛ-ɖaŋ yɔ. Ɛlɩ peeɖe lɛ ɛlɛɣzɩ sukili.
Firziinii
Firziinii kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Atlantiki Lɩŋamʋʋ, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ lɛ Firziinii wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ñɩŋgʊ nɛ Kɛntukii nɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Karolinii nɛ hayʊ kiŋ nɛ Tenesii tɛtʊ wɛna, piyele nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Marlandii nɛ Kolombii. Pamaza Firziinii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 110 862 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 102 642  km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 8 220 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 7,41 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 45 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ hiu ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1788. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 8 001 024 yɔ.
Payaɣ Firziinii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Ralph Northam (D) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Mark Warner (D) nɛ Tim Kaine (D).
Firziinii taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Richmond nɛ nɛ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Firziiniyabisii.
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ Eŋgilisi.
Payaa
Payaa kɛna payaa tɩʊ piye. Mɛkɩsiki taa pacala payaa hayʊ. Payaanaa pɩlɩŋ kpɛnda naatozo. Keteŋga kpeekpe taa lɛ, Mɛkɩsiki kɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɩlʊ payaanaa haɖaʊ yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɖɩkɩlʊna pɛdʊ payaanaa nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ cɩnɛ. Ɛjɛɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖiyeke ɖihayʊ payaanaa ɛzɩ hiŋ niitozo yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ (30%). Payaa kɛna tɩʊ piye nɖɩ ɖi-taa nɛ piye kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ yɔ. Payaa yɔɔ huɖu nakʊyʊ wɛɛ kɩmaɣza kpɩndʊ nɛ kɩ-wayɩ lɛ mʊtʊ wɛɛ lubilubi nɛ ndʊ pɔtɔkɩ. Payaanaa mba pakɩlɩ tɔyʊ nɛ pɛpɛdʊ-wɛ yɔ, papaɣlɩ pazɩ nɛ papɩzʊ patalɩ akaŋga kɛ palɩka nɛ papɩzʊ patalɩ ɛzɩ kɩɖamɩŋ150 nɛ 250 yɔ.
Ɖama nɩnaʊ takayaɣ (Traité)
Ɖama nɩnaʊ takayaɣ kɛ nɩnaʊ tɔm sakɩyɛ ajɛyɛ kpeekpe waɖɛ yɔ. Nɩnaʊ kɩmamatʊ wɩlɩɣ sɔlɩm tɩnaa tɛ nɩnaʊ wɛtʊ pɩlɩna waɖɛ tɔmpee yɔ se pɩsa nɛ palɩzɩɣ tɔm hʊʊ waɖɛ pɩtɩŋna kedeŋga kpeekpe waɖɛ cɔlɔ.
Payaa
Payaanaa nabayɩ ñakɩla mbʊ nɛ papɩzʊ patalɩ kilo kʊɖʊmʊ. Payaa t,i,u taŋ lɛ paŋga kʊɖʊmaɣ yɔɔ hɛtʊ lɩʊ yʊʊʊ ɛlɛ nabʊyʊ taa hɛɖʊ kʊɖʊmʊ yaa hɛtʊ natʊyʊ lɩʊna pee. Payaanaa taa tɩŋ halɩñɩŋ nɛ abalɩñɩŋ wɛɛ nɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ halɩñɩŋgʊ kpakʊ hɛtʊ lɛ, pɩwɛɛ se abalɩñɩŋgʊ hɛtʊ ɛtɔlɩ kʊyɔɔ nɛ pʊcɔ. Payaa piye pɩsʊ ɖɩpɩɩ ɛlɛ yee ɖɩwɛ tɩʊ yɔɔ mbʊ yɔ, ɖɩɩhʊʊ. Ɖɩhʊʊ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pokoyu-ɖɩ nɛ pasɩɩ yɔ. Yee pokoyi payaa nɛ kɩɩhʊʊ kɔyɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se ɖenɖe pasɩ-kʊ yɔ nikaɣ kɩlaa. Papizʊ pasɩna-kʊ nɛ kʊhʊʊ lɔŋ.
Ɖama nɩnaʊ takayaɣ (Traité)
Ɖama nɩnaʊ takayaɣ kɛ ɖama mʊnaʊ tɛ hɩɖɛ pɩlɩna tɔmpee sakɩyɛ hɛkʊ taa lɩmazɩyɛ yɔɔ kedeŋga kpeekpe ajɛyaa waɖɛ yɔɔ. Nɩnaʊ kɩmamatʊ wɩlɩɣ sɔlɩm tɛ mʊnaʊ kɛ waɖɛ tɔmpee yɔɔ se pɩsa nɛ palɩzɩɣ tɔm hʊʊ tɛ waɖɛ pɩtɩŋna ajɛyaa kpeekpe tɛ waɖɛ yɔɔ. Ajɛyaa kpeekpe samaɣ waɖɛ tɛ nɩnaʊ takayaɣ kɛ ɖama mʊnaʊ tɛ hɩɖɛ.
Payaa
Pʊbʊ taa lɛ, pasɩʊ-wɛ lɛ pakpaɣ ayaba wena ahʊwa yɔ nɛ pasɩɩ pʊcɔlɔ kpɛɛɛ. Pasɩ payaanaa kɛ nikaɣ ŋgbaʊ taa, paahʊʊ lɔŋ. . Payaanaa pɩlɩŋ kpɛnda naatozo : mɛkɩsiki paya, kuwatemala paya nɛ antiyi payaa. Pɩlɩŋ ɩnʊ paya-ɩ pɩlɩɩna ajɛya wena a-taa payaanaa mba palɩnaa yɔ. Ajɛya wena a-taa pacalɩ payaanaa hayʊ yɔ, ɖooo lɛ, peeɖe samaɣ kaawɛ pʊŋ taa nɛ tɩŋ pee pakɩlʊ tɔɔʊ ɛzɩ : payaanaa, kpɛɛzʊ, mukuuliŋ yaa caafela, kpagbasɩ, sʊmasɩ nɛ tɛtɛ kpɩna naayɛ. Kaaʊ sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa nɛ pɔʊ nɛ pasɩwaɣ payaanaa nɛ kɩkɩla pɩnɩʊ yɔ, pana-kʊ Koskaltaŋ tɛtʊ taa pɩnzɩ 9 000 nɛ 10 000 taa.
Ɖama nɩnaʊ takayaɣ (Traité)
Yeke koŋ pɩzɩɣ nɛ pala mʊnaʊ lɩmaɣzaa yɔɔ mba lɛ ɛyaa mba pɛwɛna maɣzɩm kɩbam cɩɖɩ cɩɖɩ yɔ yaa pasɩma lɔŋ siŋ pɩlɩna ajɛyaa kpeekpe waɖɛ yɔɔ yɔ nɛ pɛwɛna Treaty Making Power yɔ (TMP). Sakɩyɛ taa lɛ, pɩkɛ ajɛyaa, ɛlɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛyaa mba pɛwɛ lɔŋ piŋ yɔ, ɛzɩ ajɛyɛ hɛkʊ taa aŋgba sɔsɔna naayɛ pɩzɩɣ ala lɩmaɣza ana. Ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ ɖama nɩnaʊ takayaɣ (laŋhɛzɩyɛ ŋga) Pyrénée waa tɛ ɖama nɩnaʊ takayaɣ. Pahaɣ siye nabʊyʊ taa ɖama nɩnaʊ takayasɩ, tam lɛ ɖama mʊnaʊ takayasɩ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʊ takayaɣ. Kajalaɣ mba kɛ tɔm hʊʊ waɖɛ laɣsɩ nzɩ sɩwɩlɩɣ lɛɛzɛ wɛtʊ cɔlɩyɛ. Tɔm hʊʊ waɖɛ tɛ lɛ waɖɛ wetʊ wɛ kɩmaŋ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩkpɩtʊ tɩ-tɩ yɔ. Kɩtɩŋgɩtʊ ñɛwɛ kaaa tɛ cɔlɩyɛ taa. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ ɛyaa tisuu ɛɛɛɛ yaa aayɩɩ paɣtʊ takayaɣ ŋga pɛcɛɛ-wɛ pɩtɩŋna sɔsɔtʊ yɔɔ sɔsɔ nɔyʊʊ cɔlɔ. Ɖɩcɔna kɔyɔ, tɔm hʊʊ tɛ tɔm taa lɩzɩɣ kɛ kʊyʊmʊm ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ ɖama nɩnaʊ takayasɩ nɛ ɖama mʊnaʊ takayasɩ nzɩ pɛtɛza sɩ-lɩmaɣza se sɩkɛ paɣtʊ takayasɩ nɛ takayasɩ lɛɛsɩ nzɩ sɩkɛ paɣtʊ labʊ tɛ nɛ paɣtʊ ɖɔnɛ tɛ nɛ paɣtʊ lɩzɩɣ tɛ nɛ kewiyaɣ paɣtʊ kɩkpaɣtʊ tɛ nɛ tɔm sɩzɩtʊ tɛ nɛ ŋgbaɣ nɖɛ. Pɩkɛ ɖama nɩnaʊ tɛ pʊyʊ mbʊ lɛ, nɩnaʊ takayaɣ taa pɩzɩɣ pɩwɛ lɩmaɣza paa ndɩ, ɛzɩ kajalaɣ ɖama nɩnaʊ takayasɩ pɩzɩɣ se pʊɖɔɔ ɛzɩ pɩkɛʊ kewiyaɣ Ajɛyɛ yɔ. Ajɛyɛ naayɛ paɣtʊ ɖʊ se ɖama nɩnaʊ takayasɩ paɣtʊ ɛña paɣtʊ takayasɩ tɔm. Pʊnɔmɔʊ taa lɛ, ɖama nɩnaʊ takayasɩ wɛna ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʊ keem nɛ pɩtɛɛ nɛ paɣtʊ labʊ tɛ nɛ pʊyɔɔ kɛ kpaɣɖʊ yɔɔ wɛtʊ taa. Mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ ɖama nɩnaʊ nabʊyʊ wɛ, ajɛyɛ ɖama nɩnaʊ ndʊ tɩcɔɔ nɛ tɩ-taa nɩnaʊ takayasɩ lɛɛsɩ lɩmaɣza tɛzʊʊ yɔ yɔ, mbʊ pakɩlɩ tɩlɩɣ yɔ lɛ Fɩyɛɛnɩ tɛ ŋgʊ pɩnaɣ 1969 tɛ ɖama nɩnaʊ, yaa ɖama nɩnaʊ taa ɖama nɩnaʊ. Mbʊ lɛ, Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, paɖanɩɣ kpaʊ ajɛyɛ sakɩyɛ tɛ ɖama nɩnaʊ takayasɩ nzɩ pañɩɣʊ sɩ-taa nesi nɛ petisi sɩ-yɔɔ yɔ pɩtɩŋna pɩtaa paɣtʊ (pʊdʊna naalɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ lʊbɩnaʊ) nɛ pɛwɛna mbʊ lɛ, paɣtʊ keem nɛ paɖʊ-tʊ pɩ-taa tɔm hʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa.
Ernesto Djédjé
Palʊla Ernesto Djédjé Taloa tɛtʊ taa, Kotidivuwari ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 1947. Ɛkɛ haɖaa mba payaɣ-wɛ se Peetee yɔ peeɖe pɩɣʊ. Pɛɖɛyɩ-ɩ se « Gnoantré national », « l'Épervier » yaa ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ « le Roi du ziglibithy ». Ɛsɩba mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ nakʊ ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1983 kɛ Yamusukro tɛtʊ taa, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 35 yeke.
Ernesto Djédjé kɛna hendu teyu, kɛtʊ tʊ yaa keeɣa maɖʊ, payʊ, kɩlɛmɩŋ kanahaŋ lɩzɩyʊ nɛ kiitarɩ maɖʊ. Ɛlɩza payɛ kɩfaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ payaɣ-ɖɩ se ziglibiti. Payɛ kɩfaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-yɔɔ kɛ pɩtɩŋgʊna nɛ pɩnzɩ 1990 taa zuguluu lɩɩ pɩnɛ kupee tekale ñalɩɩ 2003 taa.
Pɔtɔzɩɣ-ɖʊ se Ernesto Djédjé hɩɖɛ maɣmaɣ kɔyɔ se Ernesto Djédjé Blé Loué nɛ palʊla-ɩ Pete tɛtʊ taa, Tahiraguhe egeetiye taa nɛ peeɖe ñɔtɩna Taloa tɛtʊ taa. Ɛ-caa kɛna Senegalɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tʊ nɛ payaɣ ɛlɛ se Touré. Ɛ-caa ɛnɛ ñɛkɛ mansʊʊ malɩɩ nɛ ɖooo Ernest Djédjé Blé Loué pɩcatʊ taa kɛ ɛ-caa yeba-ɩ nɛ ɛɖɛɛ ewolo Santrafriki ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛlakɩ tʊmɩyɛ kɛ Bokossa tɛ ɛzɩ Paŋgi taa Imaam yɔ. Ernesto caa sɩba pɩnaɣ 1971 kɛ Senegalɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa.
Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛ-caa yeba-ɩ mbʊ lɛ, ɛɖɛ ewolo eegbeŋnaa nɛ ɛwɛɛ. E-ɖoo kɛ payaɣ se Dapia Blé nɛ ɛlakɩ tʊmɩyɛ kɛ Paptisti kpaaŋ taa piyele e-ekpele kɔyɔ Blé Loué. E-ekpeŋna hɩla kɛ ɛkpaɣa nɛ Djédjé tɔbʊʊ kɛlɛ se « Sinjau ». Petee ɛsakuliye nɛ sɔnzɩ taa lɛ sinjau kɛna tɩʊ tɩʊ ŋgʊ pañalɩɣna nɛ hadɛ tɩna hʊʊzɩɣ ɛyaa yɔɔ yɔ.
Ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ looɖo lɛ, palabayɩ sɔnzɩ nzɩ payaɣ-sɩ se Tuhuroo yɔ nɛ pʊtɔbʊʊ se kɛtɩ-m caanaʊ taa tɔm. Sɔnzɩ sɩnɛ sɩtɩna nɛ payɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se ziglibiti yɔ ɖɩlɩɩ.