cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Alfred Hitchcock
Pʊkɔma pɩnaɣ 1914, pɩnaɣ ŋga ɛ-caa sɩba, mbʊ lɛ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ hiu nɛ nanza yeke, nɛ ɛlɩɩ Ignatius kɔlɛzɩ taa nɛ ɛɖɛɛ ɛlakɩ London County Council School of Engineering and Navigation kɔlɛzɩ kɛ Poplar (Londre). Ɛmʊ ɛ-takayaɣ peeɖe wayi lɛ, pamʊ-ɩ tʊmɩyɛ sukuli ŋgʊ kɩ-taa. Pɩnaɣ 1923 lɛ, ɛkatɩ ɛ-halʊ Alma Reville weyi ɛkaɣ kpaʊ yɔ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛyɛlaɣna Graham Cutts Woman to Woman (pʊkʊ payʊ sɔsɔ) kɛlɛm kɛlɛm yɔ nɛ ɛɖʊ-ɩ nɛ tabalɩyɛ. Ɛlabɩ-ɩ halʊ pɩnaɣ 1926 Londre tɛtʊ taa.
Kigaalii
Kigaalii kɛna Ruwandaa ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊsɔtʊ nɛ ndʊ tɩ-taa komina tʊma sɔsɔna kɩla wɛʊ yɔ. Peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɔsʊʊ kɩla ɖɔʊ sɩŋŋŋ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ piyisi nasɩyɛ yɔɔ nɛ pakali ti-ɛyaa kɛ hasɩ yaɖɛ 2011 lɛ pɛkpɛnda ɛyaa 1 052 540. Kigaalii tɛtʊ walanzɩ landammm taa maɣna ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 730 yaa ɛkɩtarɩwaa 73 000.
Ɛzɩ Ruwanda ɛjaɖɛ kpeekp taa tɛtʊ lɛɛtʊ hɩla yɔ, Kigaalii tɛtʊ taa piyisi nzɩ sɩwɛ yɔ payaɣ-sɩ hɩla ndɩ ndɩ wena yɔ, pɩlɩɣna tʊma sɔsana wena awɛ sɩ-yɔɔ yaa sɩ-cɔlɔ kpɛɛɛ yɔ. Payaɣ mbʊ pɩsɩna ɛyaa nɛ patɩlɩ tʊma ana camɩyɛ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɩtɛkɛ ɛyaa tɩŋga sɩmna haba hɩla yaa tʊma tɩŋga taa.
Kigaalii tɛtʊ nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ kpɛndɩɣ nɛ tɩlakɩ tʊma kʊɖʊma nɛ a-taa kɔyɔ: Kebɛkɩ (Kanadaa), Montireyali (Kanadaa), Roma (Itaalii), Prukisɛlɩ (Pɛlɩziki) Mayansɩ (Caama), Sɛŋgdʊ nɛ Sinaŋ (Siini). Payaɣ Kigali tɛtʊ yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ se Fidele Ndayisaba.
Kooree Hayɩ Kiŋ
Koree nɛ Hayʊ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ wɛ Aazii nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Piyaŋyaŋ.
Koree nɛ Hayʊ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ajɛya wena asɩnɛ ɖama kamaɣ yɔ ana yɔ: hayʊ ki lɛ Siini (ajɛya anɛ akpɛndɩ kamaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa yɔ), wɩsɩ ɖilɩyɛ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Rusii (kilomɛtanaa 19), Koree hadɛ ŋgʊ wɛna ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ (kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ 238). Koree hayʊ ŋgʊ kʊnɛ nɛ hadɛ ŋgʊ pɛhɛkʊ taa pʊwɛɛ se sɔɔjanaa ɛtaatasɩ wɛʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ you nakʊyʊ kaawɛ ajɛya anɛ anaalɛ ahɛkʊ taa.
Kʋnʋmɩŋ taa lɩzɩnaʋ wiye
Salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 30 ñɩŋgʋ kɛ kʋnʋmɩŋ taa lɩzɩnaʋ wiye kedeŋga kpeekpe yɔɔ.
Kooree Hayɩ Kiŋ
Ɛlɛ sɔɔjanaa ñɛwɛna nɛ pɔcɔŋna pʊyɔɔ nɛ pɛɖɛ ɛzɩ miliyɔɔ yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 2012 taa pakala ɛyaa lɛ, pɛkpɛndɩ 24 589 122. Koree nɛ Hayʊ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa politiki aŋgba tɔɖɔɔn nɛ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ kewiyaɣ yɔɔ yɔ nɖɩ lɛ Koree taa tʊmlaɖaa ŋgbɛyɛ (KWP). Kim II-sung kaakɛna peeɖe ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ nɛ ɛkɔma ɛsɩ pɩnaɣ 1994, ɛ-pɩyalʊ Kim Jong-II caɣ e-loniye taa. Ɛtacaɣ se ɛnʊ lɛ tɛtʊ ñʊʊtʊ ɛlɛ pɩwɛɛ ɛzɩ ɛ-caa Kɩm II-sung maɣmaɣ ɖɩŋna cɔnaʊ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩyɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ.
Kʋnʋmɩŋ taa lɩzɩnaʋ wiye
Ɛzɩ paa pɩnaɣ weŋga lɛ, pɩtʋʋzɩnaa Jérôme Kiɖeɖeu ciŋgaayɩ wiye, ɛnʋ weyi ɛkɛ kʋnʋmɩŋ taa lɩzɩnɩyaa halaa nɛ abalaa pa-ñʋʋdʋ yɔ. Paa anɩ ɛtɔzɩ se Jérôme Kiɖeɖeu lɩzɩnɩna Ɛsɔ Tɔm Takayaɣ nɛ Latɛɛ kʋnʋŋ taa, pɩnzɩ mɩnaɣ 3 ñɩŋga taa Krɩstʋ lʋlʋʋ wayɩ. Ɛsɔ Tɔm Takayaɣ kʋŋgʋ peɖiɣna yaʋ sɔnɔ se Vulgate.
Kooree Hayɩ Kiŋ
URSS koma nɛ kɩcɩɩ kɩ-tɩ nɛ kedeŋa yɔɔ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɩ lakasɩ ndɩ ndɩ laba lɛ, ñɔɔsɩ haŋgaɣ nkakayɛ lɩɩ Koree taa nɛ ɛyaa ɛzɩ 900 000 yaa miliyɔɔnaa naalɛ mbʊ yɔ hiu sɩm. Pɩlaba mbʊ lɛ Kim Jong-II lɛɣzɩ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɛ ɛha sɔɔjanaa nɛ ɛsɩyɛ se mba pɩzɩɣna nɛ pɔna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-yɔɔ camɩyɛ.
Kim Jong-II sɩba pɩnaɣ 2011 lɛ ɛ-pɩyalʊ Kim Jong-un kpaɣ kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ. Koree nɛ hayʊ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna keteŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa sɔɔjanaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɔcɔna ɛyaa kjpeekpe nɛ pɔcɔna mba pɛkɛ sɔɔjanaa kɔ yɔ panɛ pɔɖɔɔ pɩtɩfɛyɩ nɛ, nɛ sɔɔjanaa talɩ ɛzɩ 9 495 000 yɔ.
Kamaŋaɣ kɩsɛɛmaɣ ŋgbɛyɛ
Kamaŋaɣ Kɩsɛɛmaɣ Ŋgbɛyɛ kɛ kedeŋa kpeekpe ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩyakɩ ɛyaa weziŋ ñʊŋ yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1863 taa ɛyaa tikaɣ nakɛyɛ laba lɩmaɣzɛ nɛ palɩzɩ kamaɣkaɣ kɩsɛɛmaɣ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ. Ɛyaa mba pɛkɛ Suwiisi ɛjaɖɛ taa ñɩma. Pɛwɛ Suwiisi tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se Genève yɔ tɩ-taa. Pʊ-tɔbʊ se pɛkɛ Genève tɛtʊ taa ñɩma. Ɛyaa mba pa-taa lɛ, ɖɩna ɖajaanaa panɛ : Ɖajaa Gustave Moynier nɛ Ɖajaa Henri Dunant nɛ Ɖajaa Guillaume-Henri Dufour. Ɖajaa Henri Dunant kamʊ laŋhɛzɩyɛ yɔɔ kandɩyʊʊ lʊɖɛ samtʊ nimiye pɩnaɣ 1901 taa. Kamaŋaɣ Kɩsɛɛmaɣ Ŋgbɛyɛ kɛŋna kedeŋa kpeekpe kajalaɣ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlʊkɩ se ɖɩya ɛyʊ wezuu ñʊʊ yɔ. Paha Kamaŋaɣ Kɩsɛɛmaɣ ŋŊgbɛyɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ yɔɔ kandɩyʊʊ lʊɖɛ samtʊ nimiye pɩnaɣ 1917 nɛ Pɩnaɣ 1944 nɛ pɩnaɣ 1963 taa. Pɩnaɣ 1996 ñɩŋga taa lɛ, paha ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɔɖɔ kedeŋa kpeekpe ɛyʊ wezuu yɔɔ kandɩyʊ nɛ laŋhɛzɛyɛ yɔɔ lʊbʊ nɛ ayɛya kpeekpe ɖama nɩnaʊ nɛ taabalɩyɛ pɔ-yɔɔ lʊbʊ samtʊ nimiye nɖɩ payaɣ se « Prix Balzan » yɔ. Kamaŋaɣ Kɩsɛɛmaɣ Ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɛyaa tasɩ ɖɔʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ɛyaa mba palɩzɩ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ yɔ, pɔsɔzɩ pɔ-yɔɔ sɔɔlɩm tɩnaa lɛlaa. Paba ñɛkpɛndɩ ɛyaa nɛɛlɛ (20). Ɛzɩma patɩlɩɣna Kamaŋaɣ Kɩsɛɛmaɣ Ŋgbɛyɛ ? Kamaŋaɣ Kɩsɛɛmaɣ Ŋgbɛyɛ mayaɣ kɔyɔ : pama kamaŋaɣ kɩsɛɛmaɣ pɩsaʊ hɔɔlaɣ kʊhʊlʊmaɣ yɔɔ.
Kamaŋaɣ Kɩsɛɛmaɣ Ŋgbɛyɛ tʊmɩyɛ ñʊʊ wɛ Genève tɛtʊ taa. Pɩnaɣ 2011 ñɩŋga taa lɛ, ɛyaa mba kamaŋaɣ kɩsɛɛmaɣ ŋgbɛyɛ sɩna kedeŋa kpeekpe taa yɔ, pɛkpɛndɩ ɛyaa kudokiŋ hiu nɛ naalɛ nɛ ɛyaa taŋga (12 500). Kamaŋaɣ Kɩsɛɛmaɣ Ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɛyaa caɣ ajɛya nɩɩnʊwa nɛ hiu taa nɛ pɩɖɛɛ pʊ-yɔɔ. Ɛyaa mba pɛwɛ ajɛya ana a-taa nɛ palakɩ Kamaŋaɣ Kɩsɛɛmaɣ Ŋgbɛyɛ tʊma paa evemiye nɖɩ. Palakɩ-yɛ ɖɔɖɔ ajɛya nɩɩnʊwa nɛ niidozo taa.
Kpaɣ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 2012 taa nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩnɩ sɔnɔ yɔ, Ɖajaa Peter Maurer kɛŋnɩ Kamaŋaɣ Kɩsɛɛmaɣ Ŋgbɛyɛ ñʊʊdʊ. Kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 2010 nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩnɩ sɔnɔ yɔ, Ɖajaa Yves Daccord cɔŋnanɩ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tʊma tɩŋa yɔɔ. Ɛlɛ, ɛyaa mba pɛwɛ Kamaŋaɣ Kɩsɛɛmaɣ N̈gbɛyɛ nɔɔ yɔɔ nɛ mba lɩzɩɣna ɖɩ-paɣtʊ nbdɩ ndɩ yɔ, pɛkpɛndɩ ɛyaa nɛɛlɛ (20). Patɩŋa pɛkɛ Suwiisi ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa.
Araabʋ waa ŋgbɛyɛ
Malɩŋ Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ajɛyɛ naayɛ ɖʋ ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ payaɣ-ɖɩ se « Araabʋ waa ŋgbɛyɛ » (Ligue arabe). Lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ naalɛ (22) ñɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1945 taa malɩŋ ajɛya lʋbɛ (7) nɩna ɖama nɛ añɩɣ nesi takayaɣ nakɛyɛ taa nɛ paɖʋ ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ. Ajɛya ana, anaa yɔ : Eegipti nɛ Siirii nɛ Liiba nɛ Irakɩ nɛ Sɔɔrɩdaanii nɛ Arabii sahudiiti nɛ Yemenii. Eegipiti tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ taa malɩŋ Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ajɛya ana alaba pe-kedizaɣ ŋ́ga.
Sɔnɔdaa lɛ, malɩŋ Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ajɛya wena awɛ ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-taa yɔ, akpɛnda ajɛya nɛɛlɛ nɛ naalɛ (22). Malɩŋ Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ajɛya ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ, ɖɩwɛna tamaɣ naanzɩ.
Kajalaɣ tamaɣ kɔyɔ se, ajɛya wena awɛ ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-taa yɔ, a-ñʋndɩnaa ɛwɛɛna pe-kedizaɣ nakɛyɛ se palakɩ-kɛ pɩnaɣ taa. Malɩŋ Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ajɛya ŋgbɛyɛ tamaɣ naalɛ ñɩŋa yɔ se Minisii waa ɖɔɖɔ ɛwɛɛna pe-kedizaɣ nakɛyɛ se palakɩ-kɛ pɩnaɣ taa. Ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ, ɖɩ-lɩmaɣzɩyɛ naadozo ñɩnɖɛ yɔ se ŋgbɛyɛ cikpeɖe naɖɩyɛ ɛwɛɛ ajɛya ana a-hɛkʋ taa nɛ acɔŋna paa ɖooye Malɩŋ Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ajɛya ŋgbɛyɛ tʋma tɩŋa yɔɔ. Nɛ ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ, ɖɩ-tamaɣ naanza yaa kpaagbaa ñɩŋa yɔ se, ɖɩwɛɛna takayaɣ taa mayʋ sɔsɔ nɛ ɛlɛ maɣ ŋgbɛyɛ tʋma tɩŋa ɛ-takayaɣ taa.
Sɔsɔ Ahmed Abdoul Gheit kɛŋna ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-takayaɣ taa mayʋ sɔsɔ kpaɣna pɩnaɣ 2016 ñɩŋa taa nɛ pɩsɩɩna sɔnɔ. Aŋgba cikpena naayɛ ɖɔɖɔ ñɔɔ nɛ a nɛ ŋgbɛyɛ sɔsɔyɛ ńɖɩ palakɩ tʋma pa-ajɛya ɛsɩndaa wobu nʋmɔʋ taa.
Kʊnʊmɩŋ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ
Ɖɩhɩɣ aseɣɖe maɣzɩm sakɩyɛ nzʊlɩyɛ yɔɔ kpaɣ ɖooo kɩbɩnjaazɩ alɩwaatʊ pɩtɩŋna ɛyʊ yɔɔ lɩmaɣzatʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa yɔɔ ɛzɩ Platon. Mbʊ lɛ, pʊwɛ se ɖɩɖaŋɩ kpaɣɖʊ 20 alɩwaatʊ nɛ pɩsa nɛ palɩzɩ lɛɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ kʊnʊmɩŋ yɔɔ kpɛyɛ. Ferdinand de Saussure tʊ kɔna ɛ-tambɔyɛ siŋ yɔɔdaɣ nɛ kʊnʊŋ kɛdɩtʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa kɔzɩ kɔzɩ nzʊlɩmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɛlaba pɩnaɣ 1916 nɛ ɖɩpɩsɩ kɩcɔlɩyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa nɛ kɩsɩ kʊnʊŋ matʊ wɛtʊ ndʊ tɩwaba kpɛndɛ wɛɛ, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ yoŋ kaawɛ sukuli hɔɔlʊʊ taa yɔ.
Pɛtɛyɩ nzʊlɩmɩyɛ lɩmaɣza hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ paa hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ kɩtɩ yɔɔ. Nɔɔ wiluu ñɩɣyʊ wɛɛ, nɔɔ salasɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ wɛɛ, tɔmɩŋ matʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ wɛɛ, tɔmɩŋ cɔlʊʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ, tɔmɩŋ tɔbɩŋ kpɛlɛkʊʊ, tɔmpe kɩfana kpɛlɛkʊʊ, tɔm ɛsɩnda cɔnaʊ tʊmɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ ɖama ɖʊ yaa kpɛndʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ.
Caanaʊ (Antiquité)
Caanaʊ kɛ tɔm kɩpɩndʊ alɩwaatʊ. Pɩtɩŋna matʊ lɛɛzɩtʊ yɔɔ kɛ caanaʊ tɔm lɛɛzɩ pʊcɔ caanaʊ alɩwaatʊ yaa kɩbɩnjazɩ alɩwaatʊ. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa sakɩyɛ taawɛna matʊ ɛlɛ pama-tʊ ɛyaa nabayɛ tɛ takayaasɩ taa. Paɖʊ-tʊ ɛsɩndaa ɖeɖe tɔm taa. Pɩkpaɣna ɖooo pʊcɔ caanaʊ tɔm ŋkɔɔ ntalɩ caanaʊ maɣmaɣ tɛ tɔm alɩwaatʊ kɛ wɛɣɛ sakɩyɛ lɩwa nɛ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ lɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ caanaʊ alɩwaatʊ kɛwɛ pʊcɔ pʊtɔma Hɛkʊ Alɩwaatʊ yaa pʊtɔma Ɖeɖe ɖeɖe alɩwaatʊ pɩlɩna ɛsakuluye cɔlɔ nɛ pɩtɛzɩna kɩyaakɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ pɩtɩnŋa kedeŋga ajɛyɛ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ. Hɩɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩlɩna latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa antiquus nɛ pʊtɔbʊʊ se kɩbɩndʊ yaa caanaʊ.
Erɔpʊ tɛ ɖeɖe tɔm tɛ lɛ, pɔtɔŋ se caanaʊ lɛ, pɩwɩlɩɣ pɩkɛ matʊ ɛsakuliye alɩwaatʊ Mɛdɩtɛranɩ teŋguu nɔ yɔɔ kpɛɣɛ kpaɣ pʊcɔ ɖeɖe tɔm alɩwaatʊ wayi nɛ pʊcɔ ndalɩ Hɛkʊ Alɩwaatʊ taa. Ɖeɖe tɔm kpɛkɩyaa nee mʊyaa sakɩyɛ cɔlɔ lɛ, caanaʊ alɩwaatʊ paɣzɩ pɩnzɩ kudokiŋ naanza cɔlɔ mbʊ yɔ pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesuu-Chrɩstʊ (Pɩnzɩ 3500 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Y-C, 3000 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Y-C) pɩnɛ matʊ lʊbɩtʊ Mésopotamie nɛ Egipiti ajɛyɛ taa. Alɩwaatʊ tɩtɛma pɩtɩŋna tuda tɛ sʊʊ kɛ Azii nɛ Erɔpʊ tɛ hɔŋ taa kpaɣɖʊ 5 cɔlɔ (300 nɛ 600 pɩnzɩ taa). Amerika ajɛyɛ taa lɛ, pɛkpɛnda caanaʊ tɔm nɛ pʊcɔ kolombii ɛsakuliye nɛ pɩtɩŋna pʊyɔɔ lɛ, kɩpaɣzɩna pɩnzɩ 1200 cɔlɔ mbʊ yɔ pʊcɔ ɖa-alɩwaatʊ pɩkpɛndɩna lɩzɩɣ matʊ kɩwɩlɩtʊ nɛ lɩmaɣza mɛfɛyɩ nɩɣʊ waa pɩlɩna Olmèque cɔlɔ nɛ tɩtɛ kpaɣɖʊ 16 alɩwaatʊ paɣzɩ cɔlɔ mbʊ yɔ pɩtɩŋna Erɔpʊ mba tɛ talɩɣ yɔɔ nɛ pɩtɩŋ kpaagba Sɔnɔ alɩwaatʊ (Hɛkʊ Alɩwaatʊ fɛyɩ). Azii pɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, wɛɣɛ a-naa atɛma kpam pɩnzɩ -200, pɩnɛ Qin kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ ŋga katʊlɩ ɛjaɖɛ wiyaʊ sɔsɔ tɛ alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ Chola kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ paɣzɩtʊ alɩwaatʊ Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Paɣtʊ ɖɔnɛ ndɩ ɖɩkpɛlɛkʊʊ kɩbɩndʊʊ ɛsakuliye kɛ Caanaʊ kɩbɩnɩɣʊ tɔm, ŋgʊ kɩkpɛlɛkɩɣ ɛsɩnda ɖeɖe tɔm yɔ.
Fransɩɩ tɛ kpɛlɩ lɛzʊʊ
Fransɩɩ tɛ kpɛlɩ lɛɣzɩ pɩkɛ Fransɩɩ canaʊ tɔm alɩwaatʊ ndʊ kpaɣ patʊlaɣ Ajɛyɛ sɔsɔna, pɩnaɣ 1789 kɛ agooza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 5 ŋgʊ wiye, nɛ Napoléon Bonaparte kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ tuzuu kɛ pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ tɛ fenasɩ takayaɣ tɛ fenaɣ kɩlɛlaɣ alɩwaatʊ taa, kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 9 pɩnaɣ 1799 taa.
Caanaʋ tɔm
Caanaʋ tɔm kɛ mbʋ pɩɩlaba ɖooo ɖɔ-cɔzɔnaa cɔlɔ nɛ pama nɛ pasɩɩ yaa pɛkɛdɩɣ-tʋ yɔ. Yee ḿbʋ, tɔm ndʋ tɩɩlaba nɛ tɩɖɛɛ yɔ; ndʋʋ n̄ɩnɩyaa halaa n̄ɩma nɛ abalaa n̄ɩma n̄ɩnaa, patazɩ tɩ-taa ɖeu nɛ pana se tɩlaba ḿbʋ toovenum nɛ pʋcɔ pama-tʋ yaa pɛkɛdɩɣ-tʋ. Caanaʋ tɔm ndʋ pama-tʋ nɛ pasɩɩ yaa pɛkɛdɩɣ-tʋ mbʋ yɔ, pɩtɛkɛ ɛyʋ maɣzɩna yem nɛ ɛma-tʋ, ɛlɛ, pɩkɛ tɔm ndʋ tɩlaba siŋŋ yɔ. Sɔsaa mba Ɛsɔ tɔzɩ-wɛ yɔ, ḿba kɛdɩɣna mbʋ pɩɩlaba caanaʋ taa yɔ nɛ n̄ɩnɩyaa maɣ nɛ pasɩɣ.
Pɩtɛkɛ mbʋ pɩɩlaba nɛ pɩɖɛɛ yɔ pɩ-yɔɔ lɩmaɣza ɖeke caanaʋ tɔm mayaa lakɩ, ɛlɛ, pasɩma ɛzɩma mbʋ pakpaɣna nɛ pama-tʋ yɔ. Lɛɣtʋ ndʋ caanaʋ tɔm mayaa tɩŋɩɣna tɩ-yɔɔ nɛ pama yɔ, tɩɖɛna ɛsɩndaa siŋŋ. Lɛɣtʋ ndʋʋ payaɣna anasaayɩ taa se "historiographie". Mbʋ payaɣ se "sciences auxiliaires" waa yɔ, ḿba sɩŋnana lɛɣtʋ ndʋ tɩ-yɔɔ caanaʋ tɔm mayaa tɩŋɩɣna nɛ pama-tʋ yɔ. Pɩtɩŋa payɩ pɩ-taa mbʋ yɔ, ɛyʋ n̄ɩnɩɣna nɛ ɛmaɣ caanaʋ tɔm ndʋ tɩlaba nɛ pɩɖɛɛ yɔ. Caanaʋ tɔm wɛ zazaɣ siŋŋ samaɣ hɛkʋ taa. Caanaʋ tɔm hʋʋ ɛyaa tɔm. Tɩ-yɔɔ pʋwɛɛ se ɛyʋ ɛtɩŋna nɛ ɛn̄ɔɔzɩ e-wezuu caɣʋ lɛɛlɛɛyɔ nɛ cee wayɩ n̄ɩŋgʋ.
ITIE tʊmɩyɛ tɔm Togo taa
Huuuleɖuu kedeɣzaɣ ŋga palabɩ-kɛ Johannesburg tɛtʋ taa Afrika hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa pɩnaɣ 2002 taa yɔ, ke-ɖeɖe palaba lɩmaɣza nɛ ITIE tʋmɩyɛ ñɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 2003 palaba sɔnzɩ Lɔndrɩ tɛtʊ taa nɛ ITIE tʊmɩyɛ pazɩ. Ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ sɔsaa ɖʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ mbʊ pʋyɔɔ yɔ pɔcɔnaa nɛ pana se yee kaɖasɩm nɛ tɛtɛɛ ñɩm ndɩ ndɩ huyuu pɩzɩɣ pʊkɔnɩ huuu ajɛya taa nɛ pɩsɩnɩ samaɣ yɔ, pɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ pʊkɔnɩ kʊñɔndʊtʊ yee patɩɖɔkɩ liidiye nɖɩ ɖɩlɩɣnɩ pɩ-taa yɔ camɩyɛ yɔ.
Pʊyɔɔ lɛ, ITIE tʊmɩyɛ ñɩnɩɣ se mbʊ tɛtɛɛñɩmhuyuu tʊma ndɩndɩ hɛyɩɣ kewiyaɣ yɔ, ayɔɔdɩ pʊ-tɔm nɛ paa weyi ɛnɩɩ. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, pʊwɛɛ se kewiyaɣ ɖɔɖɔ ɛyɔɔdɩ liidiye nɖɩ kamʋʋ tʊma ana a-cɔlɔ yɔ nɛ paa weyi ɛnɩɩ. Ajɛya wena awɛnɩ kaɖasɩm nɛ tɛtɛɛñɩm ndɩ ndɩ yɔ, ITIE tʊmɩyɛ sɩɣna-yɛ nɛ liidiye nɖɩ ɖɩlɩɣnɩ tɛtɛɛñɩmhuyuu nɛ pɩ-pɛdʊʊ taa yɔ, ɖɩwazɩ samaɣ kpeekpe nɛ ɛyaa nabɛyɛ ɩtaakpaɣ-ɖɩ nɛ pasɩɩ pa-tɩ. Pʊcɔ pɩpɩzɩ pʊɖɔ mbʊ lɛ, pʊwɛɛ se ɛgbaɣdɩyɛ kɩbanɖɛ naɖɩyɛ wɛɣ kewiyaɣ nɛ tʊma wena ahuyuu tɛtɛɛ ñɩm yɔ nɛ aŋgba wena awɛ a-tɩ yɔɔ yɔ nɛ ñɩmdɩnaa nɛ kedeŋa yɔɔ aŋgba sɔsɔna pɛ-hɛkʊ taa.
ITIE ɛgbɛyɛ wɛnɩ paɣtʊ sɔsɔtʊ, ɛlɛ ajɛya wena asɔɔlaa se asʊʊ ɛgbɛyɛ taa yɔ, a-taa paa nɖɩ ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩɖɔ paɣtʊ ndʊ tɩ-yɔɔ ɛzɩ pʊpɔzʊʊ yɔ. Ɛgbɛyɛ Ñʊndɩnaa sɔsaa nɛ takayaɣ taa maʊ tʊmɩyɛ sɔsɔɖɛ taa ɛyaa ñakɩna pana se paa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ lɛ, ɖɩɖɔ paɣtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-yɔɔ. Paa mbʊ yɔ, pɩkɛnɩ kɩcɛyʊʊ paa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ lɛ se ɖɩyɔɔdɩ ɛzɩma ɖɩ-maɣmaɣ ɖɩɖʊwa se ɖɩɖɔŋ paɣtʊ ndʊ tɩ-yɔɔ yɔ. Ɖɩnɩɩ kɛlɛʊ yem se ITIE ɛgbɛyɛ paɣtʊ kɛ paɣtʊ ndʊ palɩzɩ-tʊ kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ se tɩsɩna nɛ cɩkpɛndʊʊ nakʊyʊ ɛtaawɛɛ tɛtɛɛ ñɩm huyuu tʊma labʊ taa ajɛya taa nɛ haɖaa taa.
Pʊcɔ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ tɔ se ɖɩcaɣ ɖɩsʊʊ ITIE ɛgbɛyɛ taa lɛ, pʊwɛɛ se ɖɩ-kewiyaɣ ɛɖɔ paɣtʊ kagbaanzɩ tʊnɛ tɩ-yɔɔ:
Yee ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ ɛcaɣ se ɖɩmʊna ITIE paɣtʊ tam yɔ, yaa yee ɖɩñakɩ pana tam se ɖɩsʊʊ ɛgbɛyɛ taa kɔyɔ, pʊwɛɛ se ITIE etiyiɣna ɛyaa tam tam nɛ pɔcɔŋnɩ ɛzɩma tʊma ɖɔŋ ɖɩ-taa yɔ. Pɩkɛnɩ kɩcɛyʊʊ pɩŋŋ ITIE kedeŋa kpeekpe paɣtʊ ɛsɩndaa. Mbʊ haɣnɩ nʊmɔʊ se pana ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩñakɩ pana ñaɣʊ mbʊ yɔ nɛ ɛzɩma papɩzɩɣ pasɩna-ɖɩ nɛ ɖɩtɛzɩ wobu ɛsɩndaa lɛɛlɛɛ yɔ. Ɛzɩ ITIE paɣtʊ yɔɔdʊʊ yɔ, pɩtɛ santaɖaʊ kʊnɛ, aseɣɖe lɩzɩyʊ weyi ɛwɛ ɛ-tɩ yɔɔ yɔ, ɛnʊ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlɩzɩɣ nɛ ɛkɔɔ ewili nɛ ɛna pʊɖɔŋ ɖɔm mbʊ yɔ. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ aseɣɖe lɩzɩyʊ lakɩ tʊmɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ yɔ, ITIE ɛgbɛyɛ Ñʊndɩnaa sɔsaa cɔŋnɩ ɖɩ-yɔɔ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ tɛŋ lɛ, pewili nɛ pana mbʊ pɩlɩwa yɔ.
Aseɣɖe lɩzɩyʊ tɛŋ ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ lɛ, yee ITIE ɛgbɛyɛ Ñʊndɩnaa ɛmaɣzɩɣ se ɛjaɖɛ labɩ mbʊ pɩtɩŋa payɩ pʊpɔzʊʊ yɔ yɔ, pahaɣ nʊmɔʊ se payaa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ se ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩɖɔŋ ITIE paɣtʊ yɔɔ yɔ. Yee aseɣɖe lɩzɩyʊ ɛtɔm se ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩɖɔŋ pana ñaɣʊ, ɛlɛ ɖɩɩɖɔŋ ITIE paɣtʊ kpeekpe yɔɔ yɔ, pʊbʊ lɛ payaɣ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ se ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩtaɣ liu se ɖɩɖɔ ITIE paɣtʊ yɔɔ yɔ. Yee aseɣɖe lɩzɩyʊ ewilaa nɛ ɛna se ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ, ɖɩtatɩɩñaɣʊ pana paa ñɩɩ kɔyɔ, ITIE ɛgbɛyɛ Ñʊndɩnaa pɩzɩɣ pɔtɔ se palɩzɩ-ɖɩ ɛgbɛyɛ taa.
Sɔnɔ ajɛya wena ataɣ liu se aɖɔ ITIE paɣtʊ yɔɔ yɔ, aɖɔ sakɩyɛ kedeŋa yɔɔ. A-taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ Togo ɛjaɖɛ.
Alfred Marshall
Alfred Marshall, palʊla-ɩ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 26 pɩnaɣ 1842 Lɔndrɩ tɛtʊ taa, ɛsɩ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 13 pɩnaɣ 1924 Cambridge tɛtʊ taa. Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛɛkɛ Pritaniki ɛjaɖɛ taa tɔsʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ, ɛkɛ kɩbandʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kɩfaɖɛ sukuli kiɖe ɖʊyʊ, nɖɩ lɛɛɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ ɖoŋ nɔɔnɔɔ tɔsʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa yɔ. Ɛkɛ tɔsʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ weyi ɛ-tɛ wɛɛ taa lɛ, ɛɛwaba yɔ. Palʊla-ɩ Bermondsey, Lɔndrɩ tɛtʋ taa. Ɛ-caa kaakɛ Ɛnglɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa liidiye koozaɣ taa tʊmɩyɛ laɖʊ. Ɛlaba kajalaɣ taa lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩyɛ sukuli nɛ tomnasɩ ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ pʊcɔ ɛha ɛsɛ nɛ ɛyʊ yɔɔ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ sukuli nɛ Ɛsɔ tɔm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ sukuli.
Ɛkɛ ɛyʊ siɣsiɣ kɛ ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ paɣzɩtʊ alɩwaatʊ taa mbʊ lɛ, ɛsʊ tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ paɣtʊ taa pɩtɩŋna ɛ-tɛ Etaazuunii wobu yɔ, nɛ ɛdʊʊ lɔnsɔzʊʊ natʊyʊ ɛ-tɔmpe taa se tɔsʊʊ tʊ yaa paa ɛyʊ weyi lɛ, pʊmʊna ɛcɔna ɛyʊ kpaagba wayi tɔm ɖeɖe.
Ɛtɛma ɛwɩlɩ Oxfort nɛ Bristol lɛ, ɛɖɔkɩ wɩlʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ ɛkɔɔ ɛtalɩ Cambridge ɖenɖe ɛmʊ politiki tɔsʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ kɛ pɩnzɩ 1885 ŋtalɩ 1908. Ɛ-sukuli pɩɣa kɛlɛ John Maynard Keynes, ŋga ɛnɛ kɛ pʊhɔŋɔɣ yɔ nɛ Arthur Pigou. Alfred sɩ Cambridge tɛtʊ taa hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 13 pɩnaɣ 1924.
Lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ labɩnaʊ wɛ ɛlɛ, pʊtɔɖɔɔ. Ɛ-cɔlɔ lɛ, palakɩ tʊmɩyɛ lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pɩpɔzʊʊ se panɩɩ ɖama lɩmaɣza nɛ akɔnta alɩwaatʊ yɔ yeke pɩlɩna tɔsʊʊ lɩmaɣza yɔ ɛlɛ, papɩzɩɣ patatɩŋna matʊ lɩmaɣza yɔ. Pɩsɩna se patʊzɩ lɩmaɣza nɛ pɩcaɣ ɛzɩ kɩbɩnjaazɩ tɔm pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ yɔ pɩɩkaɣ sam nɛ pakalɩ. Ɛ-cɔlɔ lɛ, tɔsʊʊ wɛ ɛlɛ kɩtɛkɛ tɩlɩyɛ laɣsɩ tɛ pɩyʊ. Ɛ-cɔlɔ lɛ, pɩkɛ pɩyʊ mbʊ pɩñɔtɩna ɛyʊ tɩlɩyɛ cɔlɔ kpam yɔ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ tɔsʊʊ kɛ wezuu pɩyʊ nɛ kɩtɩŋʊʊ tɔm tʊzʊʊ ɖoŋ.
Politiki tɔsʊʊ laɣsɩ paɣtʊ taa lɛ, ɛlɩzɩ tɔsʊʊ tɩlɩyɛ sʊʊtu tɔbʊʊ nɛ ɛwɩlɩɣ se pʊmʊna se ɖɩkpɛlɛkɩ mbʊ ɛyaa kɛwaɣ yɔ ɛzɩ kedeŋga wɛʊ yɔ. Ɖɩɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩlɛzɩɣ ɛjaɖɛ ɛzɩ ɖɩpɩzɩɣ yaa ɖɩɩkɛ.
Igbo kʊnʊŋ
Igbo kʊnʊŋ, Igbo taa lɛ, Asusu Igbo, kɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ Naajeeriya keeke yɔ. Ɛyaa mba pɔyɔɔdʊʊ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ yɔ patala ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ waa nɛɛlɛ pɩtalɩ hɩŋ naatozo nɛ kɩgbanzɩ. Igbo wɛ keeke Naajeeriya nɛ haɖɛ wɩsi ɖʊɖʊyɛ taa kɩŋ, Biafra kɩbɩnʊʊ nɛ Naajeeriya Haɖɛ haɖɛ hɔɔlɩŋ taa, kacalaɣ lɛ, Niger pɔɔ handala fɛɛʊ ageeta taa, Pata ɖɔɖɔ kɛlɛ Agbor handala fɛɛʊ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ Rivers ɛjaɖɛ taa ndɩ payaɣ se Harcourt Teŋgʊ.
Pamaɣ Igbo kʊnʊŋ nɛ Latɛŋ maʊ kpata tɛ masɩ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ nsibidi tɛ masɩ, nzɩ Ekpe ŋgbɛyɛ lakɩna nɛ tʊmɩyɛ. Igbo kʊnʊŋ wɛna nɔɔ kʊyʊʊ tɛ keɖeɣa camɩyɛ. Yɔɔdɔɔsɩ talɩ mɩnɩʊ nɛ Igbo waa kʊnʊmɩŋ ɖɔɔ coɣ nɛ ɛ-tɛ ɖama tɛ nɩʊ wɛ ɖama taa nɛ Igbo kʊnʊŋ ɛzɩ Ikwere nɛ Enuani yaa Ekpeye yɔɔdɔɣ.
Pama Igbo kʊnʊŋ nɛ Latɛnɩ masɩ nɛ pɔsɔzɩ masɩ lɛɛsɩ kɩsɔzʊʊ. Palabɩna tʊmɩyɛ nɛ matʊ sakɩyɛ. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1961 pagbaɣ wayi wayi matʊ kɩkɛdɩnatʊ nɛ onwu ŋgbɛ pɔza mbʊ nɛ.
Kambii
Kambii kɛna Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ wena akɩlɩ ñɩɩɩ walanzɩ taa Afrika kpeekpe taa yɔ.
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ yɔ lɛ aŋglisi tɔm. Ajɛya wena awɛ kɩ-kamasɩ yɔɔ yɔ anaa lɛ: hayʊ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ lɛ Senegaalɩ piyele nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ lɛ atɩlantiki teŋu ñɛwɛna ɖɩnɛ. Kambii kamasɩ wɛɛ Kambii ŋgʊ k-pɔɔ sɔsɔ taa lɩm kpeŋkpem mbʊ yɔ. Kɩ-pɔɔ ŋga kɩlɩm kpɛŋ ayɩlantiiki teŋu taa. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa wɛɛ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa akpaba 10689 yɔ nɛ pakalɩ ɛyaa kɛ pɩnaɣ 2013 lɛ, pɛkpɛndɩ 1 882 450. Tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ yɔ Panzuli nɛ lɛɛtʊ yɔ Serekuundaa nɛ Pɩrɩɩkamaa.
Kambii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɔsʊʊ tɩŋɛ wɛ haɖawʊ, kpakpasɩ kpaʊ nɛ ɛsɩyɛ-egbena tɔm taa. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ Afrika ajɛya tɔsʊʊ kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ ndɩ payaɣ se CEDEAO yɔ ɖɩ-taa.
Laatriki miŋ
Laatriki nimasɩ taa pe yaa hɔɔlasɩ cikpesi nasɩyɛ wɛɛ. Laatriki nimasɩ taa pe ana alakɩna nɛ miŋ mʊʊ. Tomnasɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ lɛɣtʊ piliŋa ñɩnɩɣna nɛ kanaɣ ɛzɩma laatriki miŋ ɖɔŋ ɖɔnɛ nɖɩ yɔ.
Laatriki miŋ wɛ wazaɣ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Ajɛya wena aɖɛna ɛsɩndaa pɩkɩlɩ yɔ, a-taa laatriki miŋ kɩlɩ tɔyʊʊ. Ajɛya ana alakɩna laatriki miŋ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa. Laatriki miŋ palakɩna tʊma anasaayɩ ñɩndʊ ndɩ ndɩ taa. Laatriki miŋ yɔɔ pɩtɩŋɩɣna nɛ palakɩ mbʊ payaɣ se ɛntɛɛrɩnɛɛtɩ yɔ. Laatriki miŋ ɛfɛyɩ kɔyɔ, ɛyʊ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ ɛla tʊmɩyɛ anasaayɩ ñɩɣyʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Ɔɔrɩdɩnatɛɛrɩ yɔ kɩ-yɔɔ. Poluba anasaayɩ ñɩɣtʊ sakɩyɛ nɛ laatriki miŋ nɛ yee laatriki miŋ ɛnʊ ɛfɛyɩ kɔyɔ, paapɩzɩɣ pala ñɩɣtʊ ndʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ.
Anasaayɩ ñɩɣtʊ ndʊ paapɩzɩɣ pala-tʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ yee laatriki miŋ ɛfɛyɩ kɔyɔ, tɩ-taa natʊyʊ kɔyɔ : laatriki mootinaa (moulins électriques) nɛ anasaayɩ ñɩɣyʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩcɔtʊʊ wondu kuzusutu (lavage à sec) yɔ.
Minziiki yɔɔlʊʊ ; taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, mbʊ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se sonorisation yɔ, yee laatriki miŋ ɛfɛyɩ kɔyɔ, paapɩzɩɣ nɛ paɖʊ-kʊ. Anasaayɩ ñɩɣyʊʊ nakʊyʊ wɛɛ nɛ payaɣ-kʊ nɛ fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se imprimante. Tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɛyʊ lakɩ oridinatɛɛrɩ yɔɔ yɔ, imprimante ñɩɣyʊʊ yɔɔ pɩtɩŋɩɣna nɛ ɛyʊ lɩzɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɛlaba yɔ takayɩhayʊʊ yɔɔ.
Yee laatriki miŋ ɛfɛyɩ kɔyɔ, ɛyʊ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɛlɩzɩ ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ takayɩhayʊʊ yɔɔ.
Ɖooo kpaɖʊʊ hiu nɛ lutozo ñɩŋgʊ taa pañɩnaa nɛ patɩlɩ ɛzɩma pɩtɩŋɩɣna nɛ laatriki miŋ lɩɣ yɔ. Laatriki miŋ yebina nɛ mbʊ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se révolution industrielle yɔ pɩtasɩ lɩʊ nɛ anasaayɩ ñɩɣtʊ lubu tɛzɩ ɖɛʊ nɛ ɛsɩndaa nɛ pɩkɩlɩ.
Alfred Nobel
Alfred Bernhard Nobel kɛ Sʊyɛdɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tʋ. Ɛkɛ abalʋ tandʋʋ tʋ. Palʋla ɖajaa ɛnɛ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiŋ naalɛ nɛ kʋɖʋmʋʋ (21) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye,pɩnaɣ 1833 n̄ɩŋga taa.
Sʋyɛdɩ (suède) ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe palʋla-ɩ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu (10) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1896 n̄ɩŋga taa. Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ cikpetu ndʋ payaɣ tʋ size San Remo yɔ tɩ-taa ɖajaa Bernhard ɛnɛ ɛsɩba ɛ-pɩnzɩ hiŋ loɖo nɛ naadozo (63) ñɩnzɩ taa.
Ɖajaa Alfred Bernhard kɛ kpɛlɛ tʋmɩyɛ laɖʋ ɛtɛ ɛkɛ hɔzɩŋ luɖu.
Sɔsɔ Alfred Nobel lubina tɩm mbʋ payaɣna anasaayɩ kʋnʋŋ taa se 'dynamite' yɔ. Ɖajaa Alfred Nobel wɛna hɔzɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ tɩm ndɩ ndɩ wondu ɖuluɖe kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ nɛ payaɣ-kʋ se 'Bofors'.
Ɛtɛ cee tɔm takayaɣ taa lɛ, ɛmaa size, ɛ-n̄ɩm tɩŋɛ payɩ lɛ, pakpaɣ nɛ palɩzɩna samtʋ yaa nimiye mʋʋ takayasɩ. Ɖajaa Alfred Nobel kɛ samtʋ takayɩsɩ mayʋ. Ɛ-samtʋ nɛ ɛ-hɩɖɛ ɖʋʋ yɔɔ yɔ, pakpaɣ ɛ-hɩɖɛ 'Nobel' nɛ payaa se kpɛlɛ kpɛlɛkʋʋ ɖaɣ.
Ɖajaa Alfred Bernhard Nobel kɛ pɩɣa naadozo ñɩŋga ɛ-caa lʋlʋʋ taa. Ɛ-caa payaɣ size Immanuel Nobel, nɛ e-ɖoo kɛlɛ ɖoɖoo Andriette Ahlsell Nobel. Ɛ-ɖalʋ lɛ Ludvig Nobel.
Lada
Ladɩyɛ kɛna abalʊ tɛ abalɩtʊ kpou. Tɛtɛ kpɩna wɛna awɛna lada yɔ, atɩŋa awɛna ladɩyɛ naalɛ. Ladɩyɛ ana, a-taa kɛ abalɩtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se kɩjɛbɛyʊ yɔ, kɩñɔʊ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se ladɩyɛ ana alʊlʊʊna kɩjɛbɛyʊ. Ɖooo kɩyakɩŋ 42 nɛ 45 taa kɛ mbʊ yɔ, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛyʊ kɛʊ abalʊ lɛ, ɛ-ladɩyɛ taa wɛɣ kɩjɛbɛyʊ kpaagba. Ɛlɛ, kɩjɛbɛyʊ ŋgʊ kɩɩlakɩ tʊmɩyɛ, kɩɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ kʊlʊlɩ pɩɣa.
Abalʊ pɩɣa cɛkɩ lada lɛ, ɛ-tɛ abalɩtʊ ndʊ, tɩpɩzɩɣ tɩlʊlɩ pɩɣa; pɩwɛɛ mbʊ ɛna ɛ-akpadayɩtʊ. Ɛyʊ yaa paa nɛ tɛtɛkpɩna wena akɛ abalaa nɛ awɛna ladɩyɛ yɔ, ladɩyɛ ana awɛna awayɩ. Ɛlɛ lɩm taa kpɩna naayɛ ɖeke wɛŋna ladɩyɛ nɛ a-lotu taa. Abalʊ ladɩyɛ wɛ naalɛ nɛ awɛ ɛ-ladɩyɛ tɛɛ.
Pɩwɛɛ se ladɩyɛ nɛ lotu pataasaa miŋ kɛ kɩmaŋ. Ɛyʊ ladibiye naaʊ mbʊ yɔ, ɖɩ-ɖaalakɩŋ kɛ kpaʊ yɔɔ maɣna ɛzɩ santimɛtanaa naatozo, ɖaalakɩŋ kɩ-toboyuu yɔɔ lɛ, pɩwɛ ɛzɩ santimɛtanaa naalɛ yɔ, piyele liŋguu taa lɛ, pɩwɛsantimɛtanaa kagbaanzɩ. Ladibiye kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ tɛ yʊŋ maɣna kraammnaa nɛɛlɛ.
Kambɔjɩ
Payaɣ Kambɔjɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa se Kambɔjɩ mba yaa Kimɛɛrɩ mba. Ɛjaɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa ɛzɩ 96 kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lakɩ ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se Pudisiti Tɛravadaŋ yɔ nɛ ɛyaa naalɛ kɛ mɩnʊ yɔɔ kɛ malɩŋ pɩkazɩ ɛyʊ kʊɖʊm mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ kɛ krɩstʊ tʊ.
Pɩnaɣ 1975 taa mba payaɣ-wɛ se Kɩmɛrɩ Kɩsɛɛmaa yɔ, pakpaɣ kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ lɛ ñam ñam lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ nasɩyɛ la nɛ ɛyaa kutokiŋ kutokiŋ hiu sɩm fala.
Haɖaʊ kɛŋna tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ Kambɔjɩ ɛyaa kilɩɣ labʊ se pehiu nɛ pɔtɔɔ yaa pehiuna pa-tɩ yɔ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛyaa ɛzɩ 57,6 kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ kɛ haɖaa. Peeɖe ɛsɩyɛ egbena sɩŋna ɖɔɖɔ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ hikɩɣ ɖɩ-tɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Pɩnaɣ 2005 taa pana kaɖzɩm nɛ gaz. Paa nɛ peeɖe kʊñɔntɩtʊ ɛɛwɛ ɛzɩma ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa kɔyɔ, ajɛya lɛɛna wɛɛ nɛ ateŋ-ɖɩ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1990.
Kambɔjɩ wɛ Azii nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1999.
Cheng Heng kaakɛna Kambɔjɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa salakanaa yɔɔ cɔnɛyʊ nɛ ɛkɔɔ ɛkɛ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa ñʊʊtʊ nɛ ɛnʊ kɛŋna Kɩmɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ kacalaɣ-tʊ.
Calɩm fɩɣa (Cœur)
Calɩm fɩɣa yekina nɛ ɛyʊ calɩm cɔʊ e-tomnaɣ taa. Hola naayɛ wɛ calɩm fɩɣa taa. Calɩm fɩɣa kaɣ wɛʊ kulubi tɩyɛ, ɛlɛ, ɖɩtapazɩ ɖɩwɛɛ kulubi. Ɖɩwɛ sɔɔɔ tɩyɛ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɖɩlaba ɖalʊʊ yɔɔ. Ɖɩ-taa nɛ pɔʊ nɛ calɩm yaɣna pɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa. Ɛyʊ wɛna pilinzi ndɩ ndɩ. Ñʊʊ wɛɛ, nesi wɛɛ, naŋgbanzɩ wɛɛ, lotu wɛɛ nɛ laŋɩyɛ ñɛwɛɛ. Laŋɩyɛ taa calɩm fɩɣa wɛɛ. Hʊzɩŋ hɛkʊ taa calɩm fɩɣa wɛɛ. Ɛlɛ, ɖi-yuŋ kpilina hʊzɩŋ lɩmɩyɛ yɔɔ kiŋ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛyʊ laŋgɩyɛ nɛ lɩmɩyɛ yɔɔ kiŋ ɛyʊ calɩm fɩɣa kpilinaa.
Pʊ-yɔɔ pɩfɛyɩ ɖeu se ɛyʊ ɛɖʊ kaŋgalafu e-toko kabaɣ taa ɛ-laŋɩyɛ yɔɔ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔɔ, yee ɛɖʊ-kʊ mbʊ nɛ pʊtʊʊzɩna se nɔɔyʊ yaɣ-ɩ kɔyɔ, kiselesiɣ ɛ-laŋɩyɛ yɔɔ peeɖe. Kiselesiɣ mbʊʊ yɔ, piciidiɣ ɛ-calɩm fɩɣa nɛ pɩkɔna-ɖɩ kaɖɛ kpem.
Hʊzɩŋ cɔ calɩm fɩɣa pɩta. Mbʊ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se diaphragme yɔ, pʊwɛna calɩm fɩɣa tɛɛ hɔɔlʊʊ nɛ mbʊ payaɣ se sternum yɔ, pʊbʊ ñɛwɛɛna calɩm fɩɣa ɛsɩndaa kiŋ. Likiyuu (oesophase) ñɛwɛna calɩm fɩɣa wayɩ kiŋ nɛ mba payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se troncs artériels waa yɔ, paba ñɛwɛɛna calɩm fɩɣa hayi kiŋ.
Ɛyʊ sʊtʊyʊ calɩm fɩɣa ɖaɣlakɩŋ wɛ ɛzɩ santimɛtɛnaa hiu nɛ naalɛ mbʊ yɔ. Kpaɣna ɖɩ-hadɛ nɛ ŋwolo ŋtalɩ ɖi-hayi kiŋ lɛ, ɖɩ-ɖaɣlakɩŋ kɛ santimɛtɛnaa nakʊ. Kaaɣʊ yɔɔ lɛ, ɖɩ-ɖaɣlakɩŋ kɛ santimɛtɛnaa loɖo. Abalʊ calɩm fɩɣa kɩlɩ paɣlʊ halʊ ñɩnɖɛ.
Ɛyʊ sʊtʊyʊ abalɩñɩ hɔyɩ huŋ kɛ kilonaa 300. Piyele halɩñɩnʊ calɩm fɩɣa yuŋ ñɛkɛ kilonaa 250. Ɛyʊ sʊtʊyʊ abalɩñɩnʊ yuŋ ɛkɛ kilonaa mɩnʊʊ yɔ, ɛ-calɩm fɩɣa yuŋ kɛɣ 0,45. Ɛlɛ, yee pɩkɛ ɛyʊ sʊtʊyʊ halɩñɩnʊ yɔ, e-yuŋ kiloonaa mɩnʊʊ yɔɔ lɛ, ɛ-calɩm fɩɣa yuŋ kɛɣ 0,40 ɖei ɖei.
Henry 8 (Anglɩtɛɛrɩ tɛ wiyaʋ)
Henri 8 (palʊla-ɩ Henry liɖe, mɩsɩgʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 28 pɩnaɣ 1491 ŋtalɩ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 28 pɩnaɣ 1547) ɛɛkɛ Angleterre nɛ Irlande ajɛyɛ wiyaʊ pɩnaɣ 1509 pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ ɛsɩm. Tɔm hʊʊ taa paɣtʊ naa ndɩ ndɩ nɛ cɔɔcɩ paɣtʊ pɩlɩna ɛ-kajalaɣ nesi ɖɔkʊʊ nɛ Aragon Cathérine nɛ pɩtɛ ɖɩzɩtʊ tɩna pɩnaɣ 1534 alɩwaatʊ taa mbʊ pɩlaba nɛ Angleterre cɔɔcɩ nɛ Room nɛ Ɛnglɩsɩ lɛɣzɩtʊ paya ɖama yɔ. Henri 8 cɔna tɛyɩtʊ ndʊ nɛ ɛdɩzɩɣ mʊwanɩ waa kuduyuŋ nɛ pɩtɩŋna pʊyɔɔ nɛ patasɩ-ɩ haʊ Ɛsɔ tɔɔnaɣ. Ɛlɛ paa mbʊ yɔ ɛɖɔka kpam katoliki Ɛsɔ tɔm nɛ ɛkandʊʊ tɩ-yɔɔ. Henri 8 kpaɣ hala pɩtalɩ tam kɩgbanzɩ nɛ halɩ eyele pakʊ pa-taa naalɛ, Anne Boleyn nɛ Howard Cathérine. Palʊla-ɩ Placentia kewiyaɣ ɖɩɣa taa mɩsɩgʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 28 pɩnaɣ 1491, Henri Tudor kɛnɛ pɩɣa natozo ŋga nɛ naalɛ ŋga kɛ wiyaʊ Henri 7 tʊ cɔlɔ nɛ Elizabeth York tʊ cɔlɔ. Ɖalaa nɛ kɔɔnaa loɖo taka taa lɛ,natozo (Arthur de Galles, Marguerite nɛ Marie ) yeke talɩna akpadayɩtʊ nɔɔ yɔɔ. Exeter Episikɔpʊ sɔna-ɩ Ɛsɔ tɛ lɩm ɛnʊ payaɣ se Richard Fox kɛ Françis D’Assise cɔɔcɩ kpaŋ taa. Arthur sɩ tuda, nɛ pekpkuu ɛzɩ kpezɩ wɩlaɣ kʊdɔŋ ɛsɩbɩna, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 15, ɖomaɣ fenaɣ][ taa pɩnaɣ 1502 alɩwaatʊ taa, mbʊ lɛ, pɩlaba kpɩtaŋ nɛɛlɛ lɛ ɛɖɔkʊ nesi ɛ-nɛ Cathérine yɔ lɛ. Ɛ-tʊma nɛ ɛ-doŋ tɩŋa payɩ pakpaɣ pɛcɛlɛ Henri ɛlɛ ñawɛna pɩnzɩ 10 nɛ epɩsɩ Cornoua wiyaʊ [[aloma fenaɣ taa nɛ ɛkɛ wiyaʊ pɩɣa Galles taa nɛ Chester taa [[lɛlaɣ fenaɣ[[ pɩnaɣ 1503.
Henri 7 cɛyɩ ɛ-tɩ se ɛtamsɩ ɛɛgbaɣdɩyɛ nɛ Angleterre nɛ [Ɛsɩpañɔɔlɩ]] ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɛmaɣzɩ se ɛkpaɣ Catherine halʊ nɛ ɛcɛlɛ henri. Cɔɔcɩ paɣtʊ ɛhaɣ waɖɛ se nesi ɖɔkʊ ɛwɛɛ ɛyaa kʊyʊma hɛkʊ ɛzɩ liɖe kʊyʊmɖɩyɛ taa ŋgʊ Henri 7 nɛ Ɛsɩpañɔɔlɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa caɣyʊ kaama takayaɣ papa nɛ pɔpɔzi-ɩ se ɛha waɖɛ nɛ pataña cɔɔcɩ paɣtʊ ndʊ. Papa tisi nɛ ɛha waɖɛ nɖɩ. Henri kizi se pata wɛɛ ɖama cɔlɔ, ŋgʊ Isabelle1 sɩm pɩnaɣ 1504 taa nɛ kpeɣlaɣ lɛɣzɩtʊ kɔŋna tɛyɩŋ mbʊ lɛ, pɩla kaɖɛ.
Henri 7 sɩbɩna kpeziwɩlaɣ kʊdɔŋ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 22 pɩnaɣ 1509, evebupɩɣa Henri kpaɣ kpeɣlaɣ nɛ paya-ɩ se Henri 3 tʊ. Pepima ɛ-caa kpa lɛ, agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 10, esusi ɛ-tɛ nesi ɖɔkʊʊ tɔm nɛ Cathérine nɛ ɛtɔŋ se paa papa ha waɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩtatɩɩcaɣda camɩyɛ kɔyɔ. Papazɩ ñɔɔzʊʊ nesi ɖɔkʊʊ lɩmaɣza François Assise kpaŋ taa Greenwich.
Kotonu
Kotonu kɛŋna Peenɛɛ yaa Ɖahʊma ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ nɛ tɩ-taa kɛ tɔsʊʊ nɛ komina tʊma sɔsɔna wɛɛ. Tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ pakalɩ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɛ pɩnaɣ 2013 taa lɛ pɛkpɛŋdɩ ɛyaa 679 012. Ɛyaa panɛ, pɛ-tɛ ɖɔʊ yɔɔ nɛ ɛzɩma ɖɩcaɣyɛ tatasɩ kazʊ se ɛyaa ɛma lɛ, Abome-Kalavi, Sɛmɛ-Kpoji nɛ Wiidaa tɛtʊ pɩsa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ ɖɔɖɔ. Peeɖe nɛ Kotonu taa ɛyaa kpɛnda 1 720 105 pɩnaɣ 2013 taa ɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 2002 taa paakalɩ-wɛ lɛ, paawɛ ɛyaa 1 088 083.
Kotonu walanzɩ taa makɩɣna kilomɛtanaa agbaba 79. Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ ajɛya kpeekpe taa lɛ, Kotonu taa kɩyakʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Tantokpa yɔ, ŋgʊ kɩlɩna walanzɩ ; ekɩ-walanzɩ taa makɩɣna ɛzɩ hɛkɩtaarɩnaa nɛɛlɛ yɔ. Ɛlɛ wayɩ nɛ wayɩ alɩwaatʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa lɛ, tɛŋ weyi ɩnɩʊ yɔ, lɩm sʊʊ nɛ pɩlɩzʊʊ ɛyaa kɛ kɩyakʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1960 taa lɛ Kotonu taa ɛyaa kaawɛ kutokiŋ 70 000 ɖeke.
Pɩnaɣ 2014 taa lɛ Kotonu tɛtʊ taa ɛyaa ɛzɩ 57,3 mba pɛwɛna pɩnzɩ ɛzɩ hiu nɛ kagbaanzɩ yɔ pazɩma fransɩ yɔɔdʊ nɛ kɩ-maʊ pɩkazɩ ɛyaa ɛzɩ 58,6 kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ sɩma kɩ-yɔɔdʊ. Kotonu tɛtʊ taa kɛ ñɩɩtʊ kilubutu skɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ ɛzɩma tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩnɛ Naajeeriya pɛwɛ ɖama cɔlɔ yɔ mbʊ yebiina nɛ tɩ-taa tadiyɛ tɛzɩ kpaʊ ɖoŋ siŋŋŋ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa ɖɛnɖe payakɩ kɩyakʊ nɛ payaɣ peeɖe se Tantokpa yɔ, evemiye kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa liidiya wena asʊ yɔ awɛɣ ɛzɩ fransɩ liidiya miliyarɩ yɔ yaa eeroo kʊɖʊmʊ nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ yɔ.
Arabii-Sahʊditi
Arabii-Sahʊditi kɛna malɩŋ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ weyi eɖiyaɣ-ɖɩ yɔ ɛlɩwaɣna hɔʋ ŋgʋ payaɣ se Saoud yɔ kɩ-taa. Ibn Séoud sɩna pɩtɛ tikiɖe ɖooo pinaɣ 1932.
Moyen-Orient taa lɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ kɩlɩna paɣlʋ nɛ ɖɩwalanzɩ taa ɖɛ ɛzɩ kilomɛtawaa naalɛ mbʋ yɔ. Malɩŋ ajɛya tɩŋga taa lɛ, Araabii-Sahʊdɩtɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ndɩ tɩŋgɩna Alizeeri nɖɛ wayɩ kɛ walanzɩ taa. Peeɖe komina sɛʋ malʋʋ ɛsɔ ŋgʋ yɔ, payaɣ-kʋ se wahaabiti nɛ peeɖɛ ɖɔɖɔ Malɩŋ ɛsɔ ɖɩsɛyɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ wɛɛ: Masijidi al-Haram (Maka tɛtʋ taa) nɛ Masjid al-Nabawi (ñɛwɛɛ Medina taa).
Araabii tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ kɔyɔ Riyadɩ nɛ kʋnʋŋ kɔyɔ araabɩ. Peeɖe kacalaɣ wiyaʋ kɛ payawaɣ se Abdelaziz ben Abderrahmane Al Saoud (1876-1953) nɛ ɛ-caa kɔyɔ Abderrahmane ben Fayçal Al Saoud. Wayɩ wayɩ ñɩnʋ kɔyɔ Salmane ben Abdelaziz Al Saoud (1935-2015) nɛ wiyao sɔsɔ Abdelaziz lʋlɩnɛ-ɩ.
Araabɩ saoudɩtɩ wɛ ajɛya nayɛ hɛkʋ nɛ ajɛya ana yɔ: Irak, Jordanie, Koowɛtɩ, Oman, Qatar, Emiraatɩ-Araabʊ Unii nɛ Yeemɛnɩ. Teŋgʋ ŋgʋ payaɣ se Pɔɔ kɩsɛɛmaɣ yɔ nɛ Golfe Persique pa-lɩm wadɩʋɣ-ɖɩ. Pɩnaɣ 2000 kɛ Yemeni nɛ Araabɩ pañɩɣ takayaɣ nakɛyɛ taa nesi se pɩwɩlɩ kaɣlaaa se pasɩna ɖama nɛ kamaɣ.
Ladibiye
Ladibiye kɛna ɛyʊ yaa tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ yɔɔ mbʊ pɩkɛna ɛ-tɛ abalɩtʊ yɔ. Ladibiye wɛ ladɩyɛ yaa hɩnɛ cɔlɔ kpam. Ladibe kpɛnda naalɛ kɛ ɛyʊ yaa tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ yɔɔ. Ɛlɛ ɛyʊ pɩzɩɣ ɛwɛna ladibiye kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ. Tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ lɛ, ɛyʊ ɛtɔsɔɔlɩ se ɖɩtasɩ kpaʊ kɔyɔ, ɛpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɛpɛlɩ ɛ- kpɩnɛ nɖɩ. Pɩtasɩɩna kpaʊ yekɛ, ɛlɛ ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛ-kpɩnɛ nɖɩ ɖɩpaɣlɩ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ, mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɛpɛlɩɣ-ɖɩ. Ladibe wɛna waɣzaɣ sɔsɔwa sɩŋŋŋ kɛ ɛyʊ yaa tɛtɛ kpɩna wezu caɣʊ taa.
Ladibe taa kɛ kɩjɛbɛyʊ wɛɛ nɛ pɩsaŋ se ɛyʊ ɛsʊna halʊ lɛ, ɛna ɛhalʊ ɛnʊ pakɩjɛbɛyɩŋ kpɛndɩɣ lɛ, pɩla se hɔɔ kɔma pɛ-hɛkʊ taa nɛ palʊilɩu pɩɣa. Pɩtasɩɩna pɩya lʊlʊʊ yeke. Ladibe taa kɛ hɩm cakɩ nɛ pʊcɔ nɛ ɛyʊ hɩɩ-pʊ. Ñɩnɩya ñɩna nɛ pana se, ɛyʊ calɩm taa lɩm mbʊ pɩwɛ nɛ pɩɩtasʊ-ɩ labʊ tʊmɩyɛ yɔ, ladibe hɔŋna-pʊ nɛ pɩlɩzɩ nɛ pisidi hɩm taa.
Alimiiniyɔɔm
Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ wonuu nakʊyʊʊ payaɣ se alimiiniyɔɔm. Kɩ-pʊyʊ ñɩɩɩ mayaɣ kɛ 13. Ki-kumoɖe kɛ Al. Pɛtɛyɩ ñɩɣlɩm mbʊ pɩ-taa takɩlɩ wɛʊ camɩyɛ yɔ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa. Alimiiniyɔɔm wɛ tindimiye 13 ñɩnɖɛ taa.
Alimiiniyɔɔ kɛ ñɩɣlɩm wonuu ŋgʊ ɛyʊ pɩzɩɣ enuuti-kʊ yem kɛlɛʊ yɔ. Kɩwɛna ñɩɣlɩm wonuu ŋgʊ payaɣ se arɩzaɣ yɔ kɩ-tɔlɩm. Alimiiniyɔɔm ɛɛmʊʊ kalɩkɔdaɣ yem. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, kɩfɛyɩna kpɩndʊʊ (densité) pʊɖɔɔ. Ñɩɣlɩm wondu taa payɩ lɛ, ɔkɩsiizɛɛnɩ nɛ siliisiyɔɔm pa-wayɩ lɛ, alimiiniyɔɔm kɩlɩna tɔyʊʊ tɛtʊ yɔɔ cɩnɛ. Ɖɛ-tɛtʊ ilemiye ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-yɔɔ lɛ, yee pɛtɛyɩ ñɩɣlɩm wondu tɩŋa payɩ tam mɩnɩʊ kɔyɔ, alimiiniyɔɔm kpakɩɣ hɔɔlɩŋ lutozo mpilim.
Paapɩzɩɣ pakpaɣ alimiiniyɔɔm ɖeke nɛ palabɩna pʊyʊ, mbʊ yɔ kɩkɩlɩɣ yoluu. Pesidiɣ-kʊ nɛ ñɩɣlɩm wondu lɛɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ pʊcɔ palabɩna-kʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ. Pesidiɣ-kʊ nɛ ñɩɣlɩm wondu ndʊ yɔ, tɩtalɩɣ 270 mbʊ yɔ. Ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se pɔkɩsiti yɔ ndʊ kɩlɩɣna ɖɔʊ alimiiniyɔɔm taa. Alimiiniyɔɔm taa lɛ, pɔkɩsiti ŋgʊ kɩwɛɣ ɛzɩ kalɩkɔdaɣ wonuu nakʊyʊ yɔ. Kalɩkɔdaɣ wonuu ŋgʊʊ palakɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ palɩzɩ ñɩɣlɩm wonuu ŋgʊ payaɣ se alimiini yɔ. Papɩzɩɣ palɩzɩ alimiini ñɩɣlɩm wonuu ɖɔɖɔ ñɩlɩm wonuu ŋgʊ payaɣ se nefeliini (néphéline) yɔ kɩ-taa. Papɩzɩɣ palɩzɩ-kʊ ɖɔɖɔ ñɩɣlɩm wondu tʊnɛ tɩ-taa. Ndʊʊ yɔ : lesiiti (leucite) nɛ silimaniiti (sillimanite) nɛ andalusiiti (andalousite) nɛ misikoviiti (muscovite).
Kozoŋa
Kozoŋa wɛ ‘‘Léporidés’’ naa tiiye taa. Kozoŋa wɛ ñɩtʊ taa nɛ kanɛ anasayɩ kozoŋa palɩ ɖama pazɩ. Kozoŋa lʊlʊʊ pɩya nɛ sɩmʊzɩ-ɩ nɛ sɩkɔɔ sipaɣlɩ. Kozonzɩ wɛ ntɩ ntɩ nɛ sɩpɩzʊʊ sɩtalɩ hʊwa ɛzɩ 30kɛ mbʊ yɔ keteŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ. Tʊkaɣ ŋga kɛwɛ sɩ-hɛkʊ taa mbʊ lɛ sɩ-yɔɔ masɩ, sɩ-palaka yaa ɖenɖe sɩwɛɛ yɔ. Kozonzi kɛ tɛtɛ kpɩna wena atɔsɔɔlɩ ɖɔm com com yɔ. Sɩsɔɔla wɛʊ ŋgayɩ ŋgayɩ yaa nabʊyʊ taa lɛ, abalʊ ŋga nɛ halʊ ŋga peɖeke pɔɖɔŋna.
Kozonzi wɛ lɛɛtʊ kamaɣ fɛyɩ. Sɩwayɩ acɩya ɖalɩ cɛŋŋŋ cɛŋŋŋ nɛ pɩsɩŋna-sɩ se sɩma poliŋ poliŋ yee nabʊyʊ ɛlɩ sɩ-yɔɔ kɔyɔ. Eerɔpɩ tɛ kozonzi wɛ ndɩ kpem. Peeɖe kozonzi pɩzʊʋ sise kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ 60 kɛ mbʊ yɔ ñɩɩyʊ kʊɖʊmʊ yɔɔ. Nasɩyɛ pɩzɩɣ sɩmaa ɛsɔtaa ɛzɩ mɛtanaa naalɛ mbʊ pʊkɔɔ pɩtalɩ kilomɛtanaa 80 ñɩɩyʊ kʊɖʊmʊ mbʊ yɔ. Mbʊ pɩsɩŋna sɩsɩ yɔ, mbʊ lɛ sɩpaɣlaka nɛ sɩ-ɖaalakɩŋ. Kozoŋa nandʊ wɛ ɖeu kamaɣ fɛyɩ mbʊ labɩna nɛ paa lakʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa kozoŋa ɛtʊlʊʊ. Ɛlɛ, kʊdɔŋ kɩfalʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩlɩwa nɛ payaɣ-kʊ se Eeboolaa yɔ, kɩ-yɔɔ lɛ pɩfɛyɩ ɖeu se ɛyʊ ɛtɔɔ tɛtɛ kpɩna nandʊ.
Alizee
Alizee kɛna Alizeerii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔdɔ kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ lɛɛtʊ kpeekpe taa. Alizee wɛna Mediteranee teŋgu cɔlɔ kpam nɛ peeɖe ɖɔdɔ lɛ, maalikinaa ɖɔɔ. Pʊcɔ nɛ pakalɩɣ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ pɩnaɣ 2008 lɛ, tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-ɛyaa kpɛnda 2 481 788 ɛlɛ kewiyaɣ taa minisiɖinaa mba pɔcɔŋna ɖama nɩnaʊ nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna taabalɩyɛ yɔɔ yɔ, pɔtɔŋ se sɩŋŋŋ taa lɛ ɛyaa kpɛnda miliyɔɔnaa 4 400 000.
Keteŋa kpeekpe tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩcɔŋna tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ nɛ kɩgalʊʊ tʊma yɔɔ yɔ, ɖɩtɔŋ se pɩnaɣ 2010 taa lɛ Alizee tɛtʊ taa ɛyaa kpɛndamiliyɔɔnaa 6 727 806. Pɩnaɣ 2015 taa tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kpɛndamiliyɔɔnaa 7 796 923 nɛ Maagrɛbʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa payɩ lɛ, Alizee taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩlɩ ɖɔʊ.
Ignace Loyola tʋ
Palʊla Ignace de Loyola kɛ pɩnaɣ 1491 kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Azpeitia yɔ nɛ tɩwɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Peeyiibaskɩ yɔ ɖɩ-taa. 5Ɛsɩpañɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛlɛ mbʊyɔ. Ignace de Loyola sɩba hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ 1556 kɛ Rooma tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 65. Ignace de Loyola Ignace de Loyola sɩba hasɩ yaɖɛ fenaɣ 1556 kɛ Room tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 65. Ignace de Loyola kɛŋna weyi ɛñɔwa ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Yesu wayɩ tɩŋgɩya yɔ nɛ ɛnʊ ɖɔɖɔ kɛŋna ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-nɔɔ yɔɔ-tʊ. Ɛsɔ lɩmɖʊyʊ ɛnɛ ɛɛkɛna lɩmɖʊyʊ weyi ɛsɩŋgaɣna ɛyaa kɛ pɔɖɔnɛ-taa.
Ignace de Loyola tɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kɛ ɛsɔ tɔm yɔɔ kɛŋna mbʊ piyeba nɛ katolika ŋgbɛyɛ ɖɑɣnɩ ɖɩ-tɩ cɔnaʊ camɩyɛ yɔ. Ɛ-ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɛñɔza yɔ, ɖɩkɛna tiyu tɛ ŋgbɛyɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛ Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, Afrika nɛ Amerika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ hɔɔlɩɣ taa. Papa Grégoire XV kpana-ɩ kiɖeɖeu kɛ lakɩŋ fenaɣ 1622 ɛlɛ kɩlaʊ keliizaɣ taa lɛ, pɔtɔkɩ Ignace de Loyola kiɖeɖeu kazandʊ kɛ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 31 wiye. Ɛzɩmaa Ignace de Loyola pɩsa ɛ-laŋgɩyɛ Ignace de Loyola kaawɛna pɩnzɩ ɛzɩ 30 lɛ, ɛsʊʊ sɔɔjɛtʊ taa nɛ tɩ-taa kɛ pɩɩkʊ ɛ-nɩŋgbaŋaɣ nɛ ɛ-yɔɔ kɔma nɛ pɩcɛ lɛ, lɛɛka kɩlɩ lɛɛka ñɩɩɩ yem. Pɩlaba mbʊ nɛ ɛɛtasɩɣ pɩzɩɣ se ɛna sɔɔjanaa takayɩsɩ nɛ ɛkalɩ lɛ, ɛpaɣzɩ ɛsɔ tɔm takayasɩ nɛ ɛyaa kiɖeɖema takayisɩ kɛ kalɩɣ. Ɛkala Ludolphe le Saxon takayaɣ ŋga kɔyɔɔdɩɣ Yesu fezu caɣʊ tɔm yɔ. Ɛkala takayasɩ nzɩ sɩ-taa pɔyɔɔdɩɣ ɛyaa kiɖeɖema fezu caɣʊ yɔ. Takayasɩ nzɩ ɛkalaa nɛ ɛɖaŋɩɣ ɛ-wezu caɣʊ kɛ cɔnaʊ nɛ sɔɔndʊ paɣzɩ-ɩ kpaʊ. Ɖom nabʊyʊ taa kɛ ɛna Pɛlɔ Maria nɛ Pʊwa Yesu. Kpaagbaa mbʊ lɛ, eyele ɛ-lakasɩ kɩpɩnzɩ nɛ ɛlɛɣzɩ fezu caaʊ.
Kilimanjaroo pʋʋ
Kilimanjaroo pʋʋ wɛ Tanzani ɛjaɖɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hayi kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Mbʋ payaɣ se "Fɔlɩkanɩ" yɔ pɩlabɩ peeye hɔɔlʋʋ taa tam naadozo nɛ pɩla pʋʋ ŋ́gʋ. Kɔɔnaɣ n̄ɩŋgʋ laba wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa nɛ pɩkʋyɩ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ mɛtɛnaa 3 962 yɔ. Payaɣ-kʋ se "Sira". Kɩlɛlʋʋ n̄ala wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa nɛ kʋkʋ kʋyɩ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ mɛtɛnaa 5 149 yɔ. Payaɣ-kʋ se "Mawɛnzii". Tozo n̄ɩŋgʋ n̄ala naalɛ mba paba tɛmɩ labʋ yɔ pɛ-hɛkʋ taa. Tozo n̄ɩgʋ kʋnɛ kɩkɩlɩna kʋyʋʋ. Kʋkʋyɩ ɛzɩ mɛtɛnaa 5 891 yɔ. Payaɣ-kʋ se "kiboo". Ŋgʋ kɩlɩna kʋyʋʋ Afrɩka tɛtʋ kpeekpe taa. Ɖooo lɛ, tɛʋ nɩwaɣ nɛ ɖɔmpe sɔsɔna pʋʋ ŋgʋ kʋ-yɔɔ, lɛɛlɛɛyɔ tɩŋ keɖuu yem yem yeba nɛ tɛʋ ɛɛtazɩɣ kɩlʋʋ nɩʋ pʋʋ peeye. Wɩsɩ n̄akɩlɩɣ n̄aɣʋ nɛ tɛtʋ tɛzɩɣ miŋ saɣʋ. Piyebina ɖɔɖɔ nɛ tɛʋ ɛɛtasɩɣ nɩʋ nɛ ɖɔmpe sɔsɔna pʋɖɔɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1973 taa pɔcɔza laʋ nakʋyʋ peeye nɛ paatazɩɣ kɩ-taa tɩŋ keɖuu. Pɩwazɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ awayɩ kpɩna cakɩ kɩ-taa kaalɛyɩtʋ. Ɛlɛ, paa mbʋ yɔ, tɛʋ ɛɛtazɩɣ nɩʋ nɛ ɖɔmpe sɔsɔna ɛzɩ ɖooo lɛ yɔ. =Ɖenɖe tɔmpiye «kilimanjaaroo» lɩnaa yɔ= =Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa kɩwɛɛ yɔ=
Kɩ-ɖɔmpe kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ
=Kɩ-tɔm=
Paa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ̃nɩnʊʊ se ɖɩwaa kɩ-yɔɔ yɔ
=Samaɣ ̃nʊʊ nɛ ndʊ pɔyɔɔdɩ kɩ-yɔɔ ɖooo caanaʊ yɔ=
Kuduyiŋ weyi pasʊʊ ɛ-tɛɛ nɛ caanaʊ haɖaʊ
=Tʊma ndɩ ndɩ=
Kɩ-yɔɔ mɛlʊʊ
=Mbʊ kɩkɛ paa sɔnzɩ nzɩ sɩ-taa yɔ= =Takayɩsɩ lɛɛsɩ=
Kameruni
Kameruni ɛjaɖɛ wɛ Afrika hɛkʊ taa nɛ kɩ-tɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa. Kameruni wɛ ajɛya naayɛ hɛkʊ taa; ana yɔ: Naajeeriya kɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa, hayʊ kɩŋ lɛ Caadɩ, Santarafrika ɛjaɖɛ, piyele nɛ wisɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, Kaabɔɔ nɛ Kinee-Ekwatoriyaaalɩ nɛ Kɔngoo-Pirazaaviili ñɛwɛ hadɛ kiŋ.
Kameruni ɛjaɖɛ taa mba kaakɛ kpankʊrʊm waa nɛ pataawɛɛna ɖɩcaɣyɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ. Paawɛna ageeta sakɩyɛ nɛ a-taa kɔyɔ: Paamuŋ, Adamawa, Karwa. Caama mba kañazaɣna Kameruni taa mba pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩna alɩwaatʊ ndʊ kedeŋa kpeekpe you naalɛ ñɩŋgʊ lawa nɛ pakpaɣ-kʊ nɛ paɖʊzɩ ajɛya kpeekpe kɩkpɛndɩɣ aŋgba taa nɛ payaɣ-ɖɩ se SDN yɔ ɖɩ-wayɩ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ pakpaɣ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ nɛ paɖʊzɩ Fransɩ ñɩnɖɛ kewiyaɣ tɛɛ.
Kacalaɣ Kameruni ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ kɔyɔ Ɖajaa Ahmadou Ahidjo (1960-1982) nɛ kpaɣna 1982 nɛ ŋgɔɔ ŋzɩɩna sɔnɔ lɛ, Ɖajaa Paul Biya wɛna kewiyaɣ yɔɔ kpam. Peeɖɛ mba yɔɔdɩɣ Fransɩɩ nɛ Englɩsɩɩ tɔm.
Cannes silimaɣ ciŋgaayi
Paa pɩnaɣ ŋga palakɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe sinimaɣ ciŋgaayi. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se pɔcɔŋna nɛ pana se pɩnaɣ mpilim taa lɛ, akɩlɩ silimaɣ waa kɩbama lɩzʋʋ. Pañɩnɩɣ nɛ pana weyi ɛkɩlɩ lɩzʋʋ silimaɣ waa kɩbama lɛ, palabɩ-ɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe kʋjɔʋ sɔsɔʋ.
Pɩnaɣ 1946 ñɩŋga taa papazɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe silimaɣ waa ciŋgaayi ŋgʋ labʋ. Ɖajaa Jean Zay labɩna kedeŋa kpeekpe silimaɣ waa ciŋgaayi tɛ tamaɣ. Ɖajaa Jean Zay kɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ minisi weyi ɛcɔŋna sukulinaa nɛ nesi tɛɛ tʋma yɔɔ yɔ. Ɖooo lɛ, payaɣa kedeŋa kpeekpe silimaɣ waa tɛ ciŋgaayi se, kedeŋa kpeekpe fiilim waa tɛ ciŋgaayi. Kpaɣna pɩnaɣ 2002 nɛ pʋkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna sɔnɔ yɔ peyeba yaʋ se kedeŋa kpeekpe fiilim waa tɛ ciŋgaayi nɛ payaɣ se kedeŋa kpeekpe silimaɣ waa tɛ ciŋgaayi. Kɩyakɩŋ hiu nɛ kagbaanzɩ mpilim palakɩna ciŋgaayi ŋgʋ.
Pɩlaba pɩnzɩ cabɩ yɔ, kedeŋa kpeekpe silimaɣ waa tɛ ciŋgaayi pakɩlɩ sɩm tɛtʋ yɔɔ cɩnɛ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ pɩnaɣ taa alɩwaatʋ ndʋ patʋlʋʋ silimaɣ waa tɛ ciŋgaayi nɔnɔɔ yɔ. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋʋ pakpazɩ kɛdɛɛka kɩsɛmaɣ nakɛyɛ ɛsɔdaa. Kedeŋa kpeekpe tɩlɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe silimaɣ waa ciŋgaayi ŋgʋ, ɛlɛ, pama takayɩsɩ ndɩ ndɩ nasɩyɛ taa nɛ pakʋyʋʋ kedeŋa kpeekpe silimaɣ waa tɛ ciŋgaayi ŋgʋ kʋ-yɔɔ. Paa pɩnaɣ ŋga, agoza fenaɣ ɖɩtɛnɖɛ taa, kedeŋa kpeekpe silimaɣ waa laɖaa nɛ wendu teyaa nɛ mba pɛtɛyɩɣ yaa pɛpɛdɩɣ silimaɣ waa ajɛya kpeekpee taa yɔ nɛ aseɣɖe tɔm susuyaa kudokiŋ ɛgbɔŋ ɛgbɔŋ pakʋyʋʋ nɛ powoki Cannes tɛtʋ taa. Toovenum lɛ, Cannes tɛtʋ taa palakɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe silimaɣ waa tɛ ciŋgaayi ŋgʋ. Cannes tɛtʋ wɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Canatʊ kʊdɔŋ
Canatʊ kʊdɔŋ (yaa Hansen kʊdɔŋ) kɛ heŋ kʊdɔŋ ɖoŋ ŋgʊ ŋgʊ kɩlɩna Mycobacterium leprae (ŋñɩɩ cɩkaɣ ŋga kɛwɛ ɛzɩ kpeziɣwɩlaɣ tɛ ŋga yɔ. Nɔrɩfɛzɩ tʊ Gerhard Armauer Hansen yebina nɛ patɩlɩ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ pɩnaɣ 1873 alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ ɛwɩlɩɣ se kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩkpaɣ tomnaɣ yɔɔ holaa, ɛyʊ tɔnʊʊ nɛ kɔɖɩɩ huɖuu nɛ pʊkɔŋna canatʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ paa ɛzɩmta sɔŋgaɣa ajɛyɛ taa (kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Azii ɛjaɖɛ taa). Kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩkɩlɩɣ ɛyaa ɖɛʊ sakɩyɛ. Ɖooo pitihiɣ canatʊ kʊdɔŋ ɛɛwaɣ nɛ kʊkʊʊ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ pɩnaɣ 1909 taa ajɛyɛ lɛɛna kʊdɔmɩŋ kpɛlɛkʊʊ ŋgbɛyɛ pɔzʊʊ tɛ lɛ, pɩwɛ se pɔɖɔnɩ canasɩ ɛyaa hɛkɩŋ taa nɛ pekpeliɣ-sɩ canasɩ ɖɔkɔtɔ naa taa, mbʊ kɛwɛna ɛzɩ maɣzɩm mbʊ palaba pakaɖɩ nɛ canatʊ kʊdɔŋ yɔ.
Sɔnɔ yɔ pawazɩɣ-kʊ pɩtɩŋna ɖɔkɔtɔ tɛ kɔ pee nɛ pala lɩmaɣza ndɩ ndɩ se palʊbɩna kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ nɛ lɛɛzɩɣ tɛ wonduu lɩwaɣ pɩlɩna ɛyaa mba pɔyɔɔ nɛ mbʊ palʊbɩna kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ yɔ. Levetiki takayaɣ taa ñʊŋ 13 (1-4) wɩlɩɣ keele se papɩzɩɣ pañɩnɩ kʊdɔŋ pɩtɩŋna Ɛsɔ tɛ layʊ yɔ. Kɩpaɣlʊ yɔɔdɩna Moyizi nɛ Aaron nɛ ɛtɔŋ se yee ɛyʊ nɔɔyʊ ɛna ɛ-tomna yɔɔ egbembiye naɖɩyɛ yaa lɩlɩtʊ yaa tomiye kʊlʊmɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛ ɛzɩ canatʊ heŋ yɔ kɛ e-tomnaɣ yɔɔ pʊpɔzɩɣ se powona-ɩ Ɛsɔ layʊ Aaron cɔlɔ yaa ɛ-pɩɣa nakɛyɛ ŋga kala kɩlaʊ Ɛsɔ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. Ɛsɔ layʊ takɩɣ heŋ taa pɩ-tɛ ɛyʊ ɛ-nʊ ɛ-tomnaɣ yɔɔ. Yee hʊnʊʊ ŋgʊ ɛtakɩɣna heŋ taa yɔ kɩpɩsɩɣ kʊhʊlʊmʊ nɛ heŋ taa eliŋga nɛ pɩkpaɖɩ e-tomnaɣ kɔyɔ pɩkɛ canatʊ heŋ.
Ɛsɔ tɛ layʊ weyi ɛtakɩɣ nɛ ɛna heŋ ɛ-nʊ mbʊ yɔ pɩzɩɣna nɛ ɛyɔɔdɩ se pɩ-tɛ ɛyʊ ɛ-nʊ ɛkɛ canaɣ. Yee e-tomnaɣ yɔɔ ɛwɛ tɔndɔlʊ kʊlʊmʊ nakʊyʊ nɛ kɩtakɩlɩ liŋguu kɔyɔ nɛ hɔnʊ ɛpɩsɩɣ kʊlʊmɩŋ kɔyɔ Ɛsɔ tɛ ɖɩkɩ-ɩ kuduyuu kɩyaakɩŋ lʊbɛ. Layʊ tɛ tɔm kɛ tovonum, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛ-nʊ kɛwɛna Ɛsɔ nɛ ɛyaa pɛ-hɛkʊ taa nɛ ɛnɩɣ tɔm ndʊ Ɛsɔ tɩyaɣ ɛ-ɛyaa cɔlɔ yɔ. Yee pataka nɛ pana kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ ɛyʊ yɔɔ kɔyɔ pɩkɛna ɛyʊ ɛ-nʊ kɩjɛyʊ se ɛhɔzɩ e-wondu nɛ ɛñazɩ-tʊ mɩŋ nɛ ɛma kubusi se ɛkɛ canaɣ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɩkɛ sɩm sʊtʊ ɛ-maɣmaɣ. Levetiki cɔlɔ lɛ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩpɩzɩɣ kɩwɛ ɛyʊ tɔɔlaa yɔɔ. Pʊyɔɔ yɔɔ pʊpɔzɩɣ se pɔñɔtɩ ɛ-tɔɔlaa a-naa mɩŋ. Canatʊ wɛʊ yɔ paasɩmatʊ ɖooo canaʊ alɩwaatʊ taa. Paasɩma-kʊ ɖooo pɩnzɩ 600 pʊcɔ palʊlʊʊ Yeesuu-Chrɩstʊ. Kɩɩwɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ halɩ pamazɩɣ se yaa kɩɩlɩna Azii ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛnɛ. Palakaɣ tʊmɩyɛ génome yɔɔ lɛ pana se kɩlɩna Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa yaa hɛkʊ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ ajɛyɛ taa kiŋ pʊcɔ kɩtalɩ Azii nɛ Erɔpʊ ajɛyɛ taa. Kɩtalɩ Afrika nɛ Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ajɛyɛ taa pɩtɩŋna Erɔpʊ nɛ hayi kiŋ nɔmɔ ɖɔnaa yɔɔ nɛ yoma nɛ pɩkɔ pɩtalɩ Karayibi nɛ Amerika nɛ Haɖɛ kiŋ ajɛyɛ taa.
François Assise tʋ
Palʊla François d'Assise kɛ Giovanni di Pietro Bernardone tɛtʊ taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 1181 yaa pɩnaɣ 1182. Giovanni di Pietro Bernardone kɛna Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ nɛ Asiizi kɛna ɖɔɖɔ kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɖoŋiye cikpeɖe naɖɩyɛ. Asiizi ɖoŋiye taa François ɛnɛ ɛsɩba aloma fenaɣ naatozo pɩnaɣ 1226 nɛ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 44.
Ɛzɩma ɛkɔma ɛlɛɣzɩ ɛ-tɩ yɔ, pɩwɛ kɛlɛʊ yem. Ɛwɛɛ mbʊ lɛ, ɛsɔɔlɩ yɛɖɛ yɛɖɛ lakasɩ nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna evemiye naɖɩyɛ kɛ eɖoza ɖɔziye naɖɩyɛ nɛ epaɣzɩ ɛ-laŋgɩyɛ lɛɣzɩʊ n; ewoki Val di Spoleto cɔɔcɩ taa paaɖooye. François kɛna katolika ŋgbɛyɛ taa layʊ nɛ ɛnʊ lɩzɩna ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ ɖɩ-taa mba se franciscain waa yɔ. Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna paɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ sʊsɔtʊ kɔyɔ Atima, taaleleŋ, Kʊñɔndʊtʊ, Ɛsɔ-tɔm sʊsʊʊ nɛ Sɔɔlɩm kɛ lɛlʊ yɔɔ. Ɛsɩba nɛ pɩla pɩnzɩ naalɛ lɛ, Papa Grégoire IX- tʊ kpa-ɩ kiɖeɖeu kɛ pɩnaɣ 1228 ɛlɛ Aloma fenaɣ naanza wiye kɛ pɔtɔkɩ ɛ-kazandʊ.
François d'Assise kʊyaa lɛ, pɩnzɩ 1190 taa, ɛlaba sukuli kɛ San Gergio nɛ ɛkpɛlɛkɩ Latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ. Ɛlakʊ-kʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, pɩɩwɛɛ se ɛlɛɣzɩ ɛ-caa ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ taa. Pɩyenina ɛlɩɩ sukuli kɛ pɩnzɩ 14 taa nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ tadɩyɛ. E-sukuli lɩʊ wayɩ kɛ you nakʊyu ñalɩwa nɛ kɩ-taa kɛ pɔtɔ-ɩ salaka kɛ Kamɩŋ fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 1202. Peeɖe kɛ ɛwɛ nɛ ɛ-caa hɛyɩu liidiye nɛ pʊcɔ palɩzɩ-ɩ ka-taa.
Arabɩɩ kʊnʊŋ
Arabɩɩ kɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩlɩna Semitiki cejewiye taa nɛ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ kʊ kɛ Azii wɩsɩ ɖʊɖʊyɛ taa kɩŋ nɛ Afrɩka kedeŋga taa. Alɩwaatʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-daa kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩkɛ kacaɣlaɣ yaa naalɛ ŋgʊ ŋgʊ ɛyaa miliiyɔɔ mɩnʊʊ nɛ nɛɛlɛ yɔɔdʊʊ Arabɩɩ nɛ Yuda mba tɛ ajɛyɛ taa yɔ.
Arabɩɩ kʊnʊŋ lɩna Arabɩɩ ajɛyɛ wena lɩm cɔyɛ nɛ pɩta yɔ a-daa kɩŋ nɛ kɩpɩsɩ kpaɖʊ lʊbɛ ñɩŋgʊ taa kɛ malɩŋ ɛsɔ sɛyɛ ŋbɛyɛ nɛ malɩŋ takayaɣ kɩɖeɖea taa kʊnʊŋ. Paamʊ nɛ ɖoŋ kɛ Arabɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ malɩŋ ɛsɔ sɛyɛ ajɛyɛ kɛ wɛɛ hɛkʊ taa ñɩna taa lɛ kɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩmɩza nɛ Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɛkʊ egetiye taa nɛ Afrika nɛ hayɩ kiŋ ajɛyɛ taa nɛ Ɛrɔpʊ hɔlɩŋ naayɛ taa kiŋ.
Kɔɔnaɣ lɛ kɩ-kɛ Arabɩɩ mba kʊnʊŋ, nɛ kɩwalɩ kedeŋga sɩm taa ajɛyɛ ndɩ ndɩ taa mbʊ hɔlɩŋ lɛɛna wena atɛkɛ arabɩɩ ajɛyɛ mbʊ lɛ, kɩpɩsɩ sɔnɔ kʊnʊŋ lɛɛkʊ ŋgʊ pakɩlɩ-kʊ yɔɔdʊʊ yɔ kedeŋga yɔ cɩna. Arabɩɩ kɛ kʊnʊŋ sɔsɔʊ kɛ ajɛyɛ nɛɛlɛ nɛ pʊyɔɔ mbʊ yɔ nɛ ajɛyɛ aŋgba sɔsɔna ndɩ ndɩ taa nɛ kɩ-kɛ kʊnʊŋ sɔsɔʊ kɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ loɖo weyi ajɛyɛ kɩkpɛndʊ nɔɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ lakɩna tʊmɩyɛ.
Pʊtʊnaa mba peyeba nɛ patɩlɩ Arabɩɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔ mba yɔɔ, malɩŋ ɛsɔ tɔm nɛ Arabɩɩ kʊnʊŋ matʊ nɛ canaʊ taa ñɩyɩŋ weyi eyekaa nɛ panɩʊ doo polɩŋ taa tɔm, ʊnʊ yɔ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm nɛ Ɛntɛrɩɩnɛtɩ. Ɖoo canaʊ pʊdʊ weyi eyeba se arabɩɩ tɔm sakɩyɛ ɛɖɛ nɛ ɛsɩnda kɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ kɩfaŋ lɛŋ yɔ yɔ ʊnʊ yɔ matʊ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ rɔmanɩɩ kʊnʊmɩŋ taa kɛ Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ.
Arabɩɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔɔdʊʊ taa wɛna abalɩ masɩ sakɩyɛ sɩkpɛnda nɛɛlɛ nɛ lutozo kɛ matʊ taa, nɛ halɩ ñɩŋzɩ ñɩʊ sɩkpɛnda cɩkpesɩ nadozo nɛ kɩɖaalasɩ naalɛ kɛ nabʊyʊ taa yɔɔdɔɔ taa. Pama Arabɩɩ tɔm nɛ Arabɩɩ masɩɩ taa.
Franz Liszt
Franz Liszt, Hɔŋirii kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, Liszt Ferenc kɛ hendu lɩzɩyʊ, maʊ ɖaɣnɩyʊ nɛ piyano keɖeɣa tʊmɩyɛ niye mʊyʊ hongrois ɛjaɖɛ taa. Palʊla-ɩ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 22 pɩnaɣ 1811Doborján (Otirisi ɛjaɖɛ tɛ Ampiiri taa). Ɛsɩ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 31 pɩnaɣ 1886 Bayreuth (Caama) ɛjaɖɛ taa. Liszt kɛnɛ piyaanoo kɩfalʊ nɛ kɩ-hendu teu tɛ lɛɣtʊ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ caa. Ɛnʊ yebina piyaanoo cʊɖʊ ɛyaa, piyano soo mabɩtʊ Mazeppa. Ɛnʊ kɛnɛ cee yɔɔ nesi tɛɛ keɖeɣa hendu tɛ kiɖe ɖʊyʊ nɛ pɩlaɖʊ (cee yɔɔ miziiki kɛ evemiye taa tɔm kɛdɩyaa tɛ lʊbɩtʊ tɩnaa canaʊ taa), mbʊ lɛ, Liszt pizi ɛñazɩ nɛ ɛcaɣ piŋ kpaɣɖʊ 19 alɩwaatʊ kɛ miziiki nɔmɔʊ taa ɛyaa pɛnɛ pɔyɔɔ, Hector Berlioz, Camille Saint-Saëns, Robert Schumann nɛ Richard Wagner.
Ɛfɛyɩ alaafɩya keeke mbʊ lɛ, niikaɣ ɛlaazɩ sʊʊ. Pɩnzɩ loɖo eteu Ries yɔɔ hendu ndʊ ɛsɩma pɩlɩna Concerto en ut dièse mineur yɔɔ ndʊ ɛ-caa kaatewa pɩtaatɩɩ leɖɩda. Adam Liszt kpaɣ lɩmaɣza se ɛkpɛlɛkɩ-ɩ piyano. Pʊcɔ pɩnzɩ naalɛ lɛ, Liszt paɣzɩ Johann Sebastian Bach, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart nɛ Ludwig van Beethoven pa-tʊma labʊ. Ɛwɛna lidau piŋ pa-tʊmɩyɛ yɔ lɛ, ɛmaɣzɩ se eyeki nɛ ɛ-pɩyalʊ hiɣ pɛ-tɛ ñʊʊ yabɩtʊ. Pɩtɩŋna hongrois ɛyaa weewe tɩnaa nabɛyɛ tɛ kʊjɔŋ yɔɔ lɛ, Liszt caɣ Vienne tɛtʊ taa pɩnaɣ 1822.
Franz Liszt kpɛlɛkɩ piyano kɛ Carl Czerny cɔlɔ nɛ hendu lɩzɩtʊ Antonio Salieri cɔlɔ. Ɛkplɛka camɩyɛ mbʊ lɛ, ɛlɩzɩ ɛ-kajalaɣ ɖama taa ɖʊʊ soo hendu samaɣ sɔsɔ nakayɛ ɛsɩnda kɛ Landständischer Saal saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kajalaɣ kɩyakʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1822 taa. Fenasɩ cabɩ wayɩ lɛ, Redoutensaal tɛ soo kɛdɩna ɛyaa piŋ nɛ pasɩ-tʊ pe-wezuu caɣʊ tɩŋa taa.
Ɛpɩsa piyano maɖʊ sɔsɔ mbʊ lɛ, Liszt pazɩ cɔʊʊ Eerɔpʊ ajɛyɛ taa pɩnaɣ 1823. Ɛlɛ, ɛ-nɔmɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩsɩŋɩ lɩŋ Paarii tɛtʊ taa pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ kpɩtaʊ mbilim yɔ. Ɛtapɩzɩɣ se ɛsʊʊ miiziki kewiyaɣ sukuli taa pɩlɩna mbʊ se ɛkɛ ɛkɔm mbʊ lɛ, Liszt pazɩɣ lɩzɩɣ sakɩyɛ sakɩyɛ ɛtɩ yɔɔ soo hendu nɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa hendu. Lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 7 pɩnaɣ 1824 ɛma soo vendu Itaalii amʊza ɖeɖe. Ɛtɛ teu kɛdɩna Paarii takayasɩ mayaa. Kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1824 ŋtalɩ 1827, Liszt ɖɔ nɔmɔŋ sakɩyɛ sakɩyɛ Angleterre ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ.
Pɩtɩŋa nɔmɔŋ ɛ-yɔɔ lɛ, ehiɣ ñɩm sakɩyɛ. Ɛwɛna pɩnaɣ 1827 cɔlɔ mbʊ yɔ liidiye pɩtalɩ kudokiŋ 60000 ɛha-ɖɩ Esterhazy waa tɛ. Sɔŋa alɩwaatʊ talɩ pɩnaɣ 1827 taa nɛ Liszt tɔlɩ kʊɖɔŋ nɛ ɛcaɣ Boulogne-sur-Mer tɛtʊ taa. Ɛ-yɔɔ cɛ yaa tomna taa sooci ɛlɛ, ɛ-caa ñɛlɛdɩ ɛsɩ. Pɩsɩna ɛzɩma ɛ-caa fɛyɩ lɛ, Franz Liszt ɖʊ kaʊ ɛ-tɛ elebitu yaa hama tɔm.
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Louis Pasteur
Palʊla Louis Pasteur kɛ Dole (Jura) egetiye taa saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ 27 pɩnaɣ 1822 nɛ ɛsɩ Marnes-la-Coquette (ɖenɖe payawaɣ se Seine-et-Oise) yɔ salaŋ fenaɣ 28 pɩnaɣ 1895. Ɛkɛ fransɩ tɛ scientifique, kpɛlɛkpɛlɛkʋʋ tʋ nɛ physicien. Ɛnʊ kɛna weyi ɛcala tomnaɣ taa wili wili waa taa tazɩɣ yɔ nɛ payaɣ se microbiologie yɔ. Pɩcɔ nɛ ɛsɩkɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɛlɩza ɖatʊ ndʊ tɩzɩŋna se paa haɣ yaa tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ ɛñasa ɛyʊ yɔ nabʊyʊ ɛɛtaalabɩ-ɩ.
=Ɛ-pɩcatʊ= Palʊla Louis Pasteur kɛ pɩnaɣ 1822 kɛ Dole tɛtʋ taa. Ɛkɛna pɩɣa naatozo ŋga. Payaɣ ɛ-caa se Jean-Joseph Pasteur nɛ e-ɖoo kɛlɛ Jeanne-Étienne Roqui,. Pɔsɔ-ɩ lɩm kɛ la Collégiale Notre-Dame de Dole kɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ 1823. Ɛ-caa kaakɛ sɔɔja kɛ Napoleon tɛ sɔɔjanaa taa nɛ ɛɖɛ hɛzɩɣ lɛ, ɛɖaɣnɩ paazɩɣ tɔna hɔɔʊ.Pɩnaɣ 1827 lɛ, pakʊya Dole nɛ powolo pacaɣ Marnoz ɖenɖe Roqui waa tɛ wɛɛ yɔ se pɩcɔ paakʊyɩ nɛ pacaɣ kpataa kɛ Arbois( Louis Pasteur Arbois tɛ) ɖenɖe tɔna hɔɔʊ wɛ camɩyɛ yɔ. Peeɖe kɛ evebu Pasteur paɣzɩɣ sukili wobu nɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ panaɣ se ɛkɛ weyi e-nesi wɛ loŋ camɩyɛ yɔ.
=Sukuli wobu= Ɛsʊ hɛkʊ taa sukili sɔsɔʊ lɛ, ewolo Lycée Royal, Besançon tɛtʋ taa. Pɩnaɣ 1838 lɛ, ewolo Parɩɩ nɛ ɛma ɛ-hɩɖɛ kɛ l'Institution Barbet se ɛñɔɔzɩ ɛ-tɩ sukuli kɩtɛzɩɣ takayaɣ nɛ pɩwayɩ lɛ, ɛɖɛ mazɩtʊ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ ehiu tʊmɩyɛ. Ɛtatɩɩtɛmda pɩnaɣ lɛ, ɛpɩsɩ Parɩɩ tɛtʊ taa (pɩnaɣ 1838-1839) nɛ pamʊ-ɩ Arbois Collège taa. Pɩsɩŋgaa lɛ, ɛpɩsɩ collège royal de Franche-Comté kɛ Besançon. Pɩnaɣ 1840 kɛ ɛmʊ ɛ-takayaɣ baccalauréat en lettres nɛ pɩnaɣ 1842 lɛ ɛmʊ baccalauréat kɛ sciences mathématiques taa. Pɩsɩŋga ɖɔɖɔ lɛ ɛpɩsɩ ewolo Parɩɩ nɛ ewoki sukuli lycée Saint-Louis nɛ ewokaɣ ɖɔɖɔ ewelesiɣna ndʊ Jean-Baptiste Dumas nɛ Claude Pouillet pawɩlaɣ Sorbonne yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1843 ehiu sukuli taa (ɛɛkɛ nanza tʊ) kɛ École normale taa nɛ pʊwayɩ mbʊ yɔ lɛ, ɛpɩsɩ Jean-Baptiste Boussingault tɛ sukuli pɩɣa kɛ Conservatoire national des arts et métiers taa.
Louis Pasteur halʊ-kpaɣyɛ nɛ e-piya
Ɛkpaɣ halʊ kɛ agoza fenaɣ 29 wiye pɩnaɣ 1849. Ɛkʊsɔɔlaɣ payaɣ se Marie Laurent, Strasbourg sukuli sɔsɔʊ taa ñʊʊtʊ pɛlɔ. Pɛwɛna pɩya 5: Jeanne (1850-1859), Jean Baptiste (1851-1908), Cécile Marie Louise Marguerite weyi pɛɖɛyʊ yem se Cécile yɔ (1853-1866), Marie-Louise (1858-1934), René Vallery-Radot, nɛ Camille (1863-1865).
Uranisi
Uranisi (kɩɖaʊ: ) kɛna wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga lʊbɛ ŋga wɩsɩ posinau taa nɛ naatozo ñɩŋga paɣlɩka taa nɛ yee yʊŋ hɩlɩmaɣ taa kɔyɔ tɩyɩŋga ŋga lɛ nanza ŋga. Tɩyɩŋga kanɛ ka-taa nɛ nikaɣ nɛ ɖombe ɛzɩ Nɛptini taa yɔ.
Payaʊ se Uranisi pɩlɩna roma mba tɛ sɩʊ nakʊyʊ hɩɖɛ, Uranisi, Satirin i caa nɛ Siipitɛɛrɩ cɔzɔ. Weyi ɛcala naʊ kɛ wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga Iiranisi yɔ ɛnʊ payaɣ se William Herschel nɛ pɩɩkɛ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ 26 pɩnaɣ 1781.
Tɩyɩŋga kanɛ ŋga kɛŋna kacalaɣ tɩyɩŋga ŋga panana ñɩɣyʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se telesikɔpi yɔ. Tɩyɩŋga kanɛ ka-taa nɛ Hidrozɛɛnɩ, Heliyom, ɖombe, amoniyaki, meetani nɛ idrozɛɛnɩ nɛ karbɔɔnɩ tomnaɣ kpɛm ŋga. Peeɖe ɖɔ nɩkaɣ kɩlɩ wɛʊ wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩnzɩ kpeekp taa.
Pɩnaɣ 1986 taa panaa se Iiranisi tatasɩ lakasɩnasɩyɛ wɩlɩɣ ɖei ɖei ɛzɩ wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩnzɩ lɛɛsɩ yɔ nɛ heɣlimasi nzɩ sɩwɛ wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩnzɩ lɛɛsɩ yɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. Ñɩɣyʊ kɩtakɩnaʊ ŋgʊ pamazɩna yɔ kʊkʊ wɩla se Tɩyɩŋga kanɛ kɛ-tɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa pamaza nɛ pana mbʊ. Wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga Iiranisi cɔʊ taa lɛ katalɩ kɛ-ɖenɖe wɩsɩ nɛ ɖoo pɛwɛ kɩmaŋ yɔ Saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ 8 pɩnaɣ 2007.
Lao Tseu
Lao Tseu kɛ abalʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ tɛ hɩɖɛ. Lalaa yayɩ size Laozi yaa ɛzɩ Lao Zi. Ɛkɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Siini ɛjaɖɛ yɔ ɖɩ-tɛtʋ taa pɩɣa yaa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛyʋ. Ɛjaɖɛ Siini tɛtʋ taa lɛ, paya-ɩ size Tàishàng lǎojn. Pʋtɔbʋʋ tobi kɛlɛ size "Ɛsɔnaa taa Ɛsɔ sɔsɔ Lao", papɩzɩʋ paya-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ size Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa ɔgɔlɩmɩyɛ sɔsɔɖɛ.