cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Fransɩyɔm
Pana fransɩyɔm pɩnaɣ 1939 Curie sukuli taa Paarii tɛtʊ taa pɩtɩŋna Marguerite Perey, alɩwaatʊ nʊ ɛñalaɣa lantanɩ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa kaawɛ akɩtɩnɩyɔm. Kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1870 alɩwaatʊ taa, kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyaa ŋgbɛyɛɛ maɣzɩ nɛ pɔtɔŋ se ɖʊʊyʊ pʊtʊ nɔyʊ tɛɖɩɣ nɛ ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 87, sɛzɩyɔm tɛɛ kɛ pʊtʊnaa pɩlɩyɛ taa. Paasɩma-ɩ nɛ hɩɖɛ ɖɩnɛ yɔ eka-sɛzɩyɔm.
Pɩnaɣ 1930 alɩwaaatʊ taa wɩlɩyʊ Fred Allison, Alabama tɩlɩyɛ sukuli taa yɔɔda pʊtʊ 87 natʊ tɔm. Allison yɔɔdɩ se payaa pʊtʊ ɛnʊ virginium, ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa palʊla-ɩ yɔ hɩɖɛ kɛlɛ, nɛ ɛtɔŋ se ɛ-tɛ yʊsaɣ masɩ kɔyɔ Vi nɛ Vm. Mbʊ lɛ, pɩnaɣ 1934, wɩlɩyʊ MacPherson, Californe Berkeley sukuli kɩtɛzʋʋ taa, tɔŋ se pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-tɔm kɛ cɛtɩm tɔm.
Cɩtɔɔ
Cɩtɔɔ wɛ tam nabʋlɛ taa hayʋ wɛɛ nɛ pɔɔyaɣ ñɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Pɔɔyasɩ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ ɖɔɖɔ.
Faɖam pɔɔyaɣ wɛɛ nɛ piyee pɔɔyaɣ ñɛwɛɛ. Piyee naalɛ pɔɔyaɣ wɛɛ nɛ canta pɔɔyaɣ ñɛwɛɛ. Nɩɩnʋwa pɔɔyaɣ wɛɛ nɛ mɩnʋʋ pɔɔyaɣ ñɛwɛɛ. Pʋ-wayɩ lɛ, taŋga pɔɔyaɣ wɛɛ.
Liidiye kɛna mbʊ Aristote yaɣ se: kɩgaʊ ñɩm kʊɖʊmɩm yɔ; tɔsʊʊ kpou nɛ palakɩna tʋmɩyɛ ndɩ ndɩ tada nʋmɔʋ taa. Ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ alɩwaatʊ ɖɔɖɔ mbʊyɔ, Aristote lɩmazɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ mbʊ ɛlɛ pʊɖʊkʊna hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ pazɩ. Palɩza mbʊ pɩtaɣna ñɩɣlɩm pɔɔyasɩ ɖeke yɔ. Ñɩm yaa kobo wɛnaʊ waɖɛ nɖɩ, komina tɩna pi-tikila nɛ liidiye pɩsɩ mbʊ pɩwɛ ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʊ taa yɔ. Ajɛya sakɩyɛ nɩna ɖama nɛ aɖʊ paɣtʊ kʊɖʊmtʊ nɛ atɔkɩ liidiya kʊɖʊma se pɩsa nɛ ayakɩ ɖama wondu nɛ awɛna ñɩm kʊɖʊmɩm. Liidiye kɛna wonu ŋgʊ pakpakʊ nɛ pɛhɛyɩna tʊmɩlaɖa kɛ ɖoli nɛ alɩwaatʊ natʊyʊ taa yɔ. Pɩtɩŋna paɣtʊ yɔɔ lɛ, pɔyɔɔdʊ ɖama nɩnaʊ liidiye kɩkpɛndʊ tɔm. Piyele mbʊ palakɩna-ɖi yɔ lɛ, nabʊyʊ yɔɔ hɛyʊ yaa kɩmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ hɛyʊ.
Kobo tʊŋ tʊma sɔsɔna naatozo: ɖama nɩnaʊ liidiye kɩkpɛndʊ tɔm. Cɩnɛ pakpakʊ liidiye nɛ pɛhɛyʊ kɩma yaa pawana cɛyɩtʊ natʊyʊ. Nabʊlɛ taa lɛ kobo kɛna tɔsʊʊ kpou ŋgʊ kɩhaɣ ɛyʊ yaa ɛjaɖɛ kɛ yʊŋ yɔ. Kpaagba taa lɛ, liidiye kɛna ɖama nɩnaʊ ñɩm kpou kʊɖʊmʊʊ, nɛ peeɖe panɩʊna ɖama nɛ palakɩ liidiye akɔntana. Liidiye yʊŋ yaa ɖɩ-wazaɣ lɩɣna lidau ŋgʊ ɖɩ-tɔɔya wɛna ɖɩ-yɔɔ yɔ nɛ ɖoŋ weyi liidiye nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna kɩlɛɛzɩŋ ɖeɖe yɔ. Liidiye wazaɣ wɛ hɔɔlɩŋ sakɩyɛ taa: samaɣ taa, politiki yaa manzʊmalɩ hɔɔlʊ taa, ɛyʊ yʊʊ taa maɣzɩm taa, paɣtʊ lɩzʊ yaa ɖɔɖɔ tɔsʊʊ hʊʊ hɔlɩŋ. Ñam ñam alɩwaatʊ taa yaa alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛyaa ɛɛtasʊ lidaʊ wɛnaʊ kobo nakʊyʊ yɔɔ yɔ, papɩzʊ polu liidiye pɔɔyasɩ nasɩyɛ se pɩwazɩ.
Liidiya wɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Ɖooo lɛ, pɩɩkɛna pɔɔyasɩ, hasɩ kela yaa lɩm tɛɛ tɛtɛ kpɩna naayɛ ñɩna, kalɩhundu yaa ɖɔɖɔ paaŋ pasakɩ camɩyɛ. Ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ yɔ, ñɩɣtʊ kɛ pakɩlɩɣna liidiye ciŋgbiliŋ kɛ lubunau. Ɛlɛ paɖʊ nɔɔyʊ yaa nabʊyʊ tɛ kɩlɛmʊ kɛ pɔɔyaɣ ŋga kɔyɔɔ. Liidiye hatʊ ñɩnɖɛ ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ yɔ, palɩzʊ aŋjaʊnaa nabayɩ kɛ tɩ-yɔɔ.
Kamɩyɛ
Pahayʊ kamɩyɛ tataa nɛ ɖɩlɔkɩ peeɖe ɛzɩ tɩmʊ yɔ. Pʊcɔ nɛ kamɩyɛ lʊlɩ lɛ ɛyʊ ɛnaa ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛtɔ se tɩmʊʊ piye ñɔna. Ɛzɩ tɩŋ pee lɛɛna sakɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, kamɩyɛ tɩʊ nɛ mbʊ kʊlʊlʊʊ yɔ payaɣ pɩtɩŋga mbʊ se kamɩyɛ.
Kamɩyɛ wɛna wɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ: naayɛ ɖaɣla lɔbɔɔ lɔbɔɔ nɛ lɛɛna wɛ kɔŋgʊlʊm kʊŋgʊlʊm. Kama tomnasɩ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ ɖɔɖɔ: naayɛ saʊ ɛzɩ sʊtʊ lɩm yɔ nɛ lɛɛna tomnasɩ wɛ ɛzɩ tɩŋ hɛtʊ yɔ. Tɩʊ kʊnɛ kɩ-hayʊ fɛyɩ kaɖɛ caaa.
Papɩzʊ pahayɩ-ɛ paale pɩkɩlɩna ɖenɖe mʊzʊŋ wɛɛ yɔ, ɛzɩ saŋ taa mbʊ yɔ. Papɩzʊ pɔtɔɔ kamɩyɛ nɛ lɛŋ yaa patɩzɩ nɛ pɔtɔɔna nʊm yaa pʊsa yaa cambaɣbaɣ. Papɩzʊ poɖoŋgɩ-ɖɩ yaa ɖɔɖɔ paɖʊzɩ nʊm taa. Kamɩyɛ lɩʊ sɔzɩŋ camɩyɛ. Palakɩ kamɩyɛ tɛ pɛtɛpɛtɛ papɩzʊ paɖʊ nandʊ kuɖoŋgɩtʊ yaa lɩm ñɩndʊ yaa waagasɩ.
Wagaadugu
Wagaadugu kɛŋna Purkina Fasoo ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ nɛ ndʊ tɩkɩla walanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. Patasʊʊ tɛtʊ ndʊ yaʊ kɛlɛʊ taa se Wagaa. Wagaadugu tɔbʊʊ kɛlɛ se ɖenɖe pahaɣ ɛyʊ samtʊ yɔ yaa ñamtʊ yɔ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ, tɩ-walanazɩ landammm taa maɣna ɛkɩtaarɩnaa ɛzɩ 280 500 yaa kilomɛtanaa 2 805.
Pɩnaɣ 1960 taa paakali ɛyaa kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa, paakpɛnda ɛyaa 59 126, nɛ pɩnaɣ 2006 taa lɛ, pɛkpɛnda ɛyaa 1 475 223. Pɩnaɣ 2012 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊyʊ lɛ, pana ɛyaa 1 062 000. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ, ɖɩ-tɛ tɔsʊʊ nɛ ɛsɩndaa wobu wɛɛ, peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ komina tʊma sɔsɔna nɛ kediisasi wɛɛ, pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kɛ sɔnzɩ ndɩ ndɩ aleɣya wɛɛ.
Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ, tɩ-taa tʊma ndɩ ndɩ lubu ñɩɩtʊ tɔɖɔɔ ɛlɛ tɔɔnasɩ nɛ wondu kususutu kɛ pakɩlɩɣ pɛdʊʊ. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pawɩlʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa nɛ pɔyɔɔdʊ-kʊ komina tʊma taa peeɖe yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ fransɩɩ. Payaɣ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-tɛ maalika yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ kɩfalʊ se Marin Casimir Ilboudo (2012 -).
Ɛzɩ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ lɛɛtʊ yɔ, Wagaadugu tɛtʊ nɛ ajɛyaa naayɛ taa ñɩndʊ paɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ palakɩ tʊma kʊɖʊma nɛ anaa yɔ: Luduŋ, Liiyɔɔ, Liiyɔɔ Sɔsɔʊ, Kireenoblɩ nɛ Pɔridoo (Fransɩɩ), Saŋ Maaniyato, Turɛɛ (Itaalii), Kowɛtɩ (Kowɛtɩ), Keebɛkɩ (Kanadaa), Kumasi (Kana), Seenɛɛvɩ (Suwiisi), Maraakɛsɩ (Marɔkɩ), Tayipaayɩ (Tayiwaanɩ) nɛ Pɛlɩziki ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ (Leuze-en-Hainaut).
Fiyoolɔɔ
Mʊsɩ labʊ wonu mabʋʋ kpɛlɛkʋ ɖeɖe yaa cɔlʋtʋ ɖeɖe ɛzɩ katɔr(quatot) nimasi n̄ɩŋgʋ ɖeɖe yaa mʋsɩ tɩnaa ɖɩjaɣyɛ sɛmfoniiki hɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, fiyoolɔɣ mʊsɩ labʊ wonu wonuu kʋnɛ kɩ-kɛna kɩklɩ kɛʋ cikpeluu yɔ. Kɩ-tɛ witu yaa sɛʊ polindaa kɩlɩna wɛʋ ɖɔɖɔ wilitu taa yaa tilitu hɔlʋʋ taa fɩɩnɩnɩ ɛ-hɔʋʋ taa. Kɩ-na alɩto pɔ-hɔʋʋ kɛ kʋɖʋmʋʋ. Panɛ pa-taa peɖe ɖɔɖɔ pʋtɔbʋ pɔ-hɔʋʋ ɖɔɖɔ taa mba kɛlɛ fiyoolɔnsɩyɛɛlɛ nɛ kɔntrebassɩ. Palɩza mʊsɩ labʊ wonu wonuu kɩmabʋʋ kʋnɛ kɛ kpaɖʋ 16 taa kɛnɛ. Ɖɩtɩlɩ kpakpa size wonuu kʋnɛ kɩcaŋga kʋtɔyɩ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ lɔŋ kpem.
Fiyoolɔɣ wonuu mʊsɩ labʊ wonu n̄ɩŋgʋ kʋnɛ, kɩ-paza kʋwɛ fefeɖe kɛ mʊsɩ labʊ wonu kʋcɔlʋʋ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ kiŋ hɔlʋʋ taa. Soo lɩzɩyɩyaa sʋsaa sakɩyɛ maɣ tɔm coɣ kɛ wonuu fiyoolɔɣ ŋgʋ kɩ-yɔ (concertos yɔ, nɛ mʊsɩ labʊ wonu kuduyuu tɛ n̄ɩŋgʋ yɔ, nɛ pɩtasɩna sɛmfoniki hɔlaɣ yɔ ɖɔɖɔ). Pamakaɣ pamaɣma kɛ(Vivaldi, nɛ Bach, nɛ Mozart ɖɔɖɔ). Fiyoolɔɣ maɖaa nabɛyɛ mba paawɛ kpaɖʋ 19 taa yɔ, pa-hɩlaɣ ka-wilaɣ yaa kaɣsɛna kedeŋa kpeekpe siŋŋ. Pɩlɩna po-soo tɩlɩtʋ mabʋ yɔ. Pa-taa nɔɔyʋ hɩɖɛ kɛlɛ Paganini.
Béla Bartók
Palʊla Béla Viktor János Bartók kɛ lakɩŋ fenaɣ 25 wiye pɩnaɣ 1889 kɛ Panat tɛtʊ taa Otirisii-Hɔŋgrii ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛsɩ salaŋ fenaɣ 26 wiye pɩnaɣ 1945 ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 64. Béla Viktor János Bartók sɩba Niwu-Yɔrkɩ tɛtʊ taa, Etaazunii taa. E-fezu caɣʊ taa lɛ, tʊma sɔsɔna wena ɛlaba yɔ akpɛnda naatozo: hendu lʊɖʊ, caanaʊ taa wendu kpɛlɛkɩyʊ nɛ tɩtɩlʊ nɛ piyano maɖʊ. Sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa pawɩlʊ soo mabʊ nɛ payaɣ-kʊ se Franz Liszt yɔ kɩ-taa ɛlaba e-sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ nɛ ɛna weyi pakɩlaɣ tʊma labʊ yɔ ɛnʊ yɔ Zoltán Kodály. Ɛ-cɩcaanaa kɔyɔ István Thomán nɛ László Erkel Hans von Koessler. Béla Bartók kɛŋna kacalaɣ-tʊ weyɩ ɛñɩna ethnomusicologie yɔ nɛ e-fezu caɣʊ nɛ ɛ-tʊma taa payɩ lɛ etotuu ɛtɛkɛɛ, Hɔŋrii tɛtʊ taa kɛ ɛwɛɛ.
Dʊbɩnɩyɔm
Dʊbɩnɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 105, nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Db. Ɛkɛ akɩtɩnɩdɩ waa tɛ pʊtʊ weyi palaba-ɩ kɩlabʊ nɛ ɛ-tɛ agbele naa tɩŋa cɛnzɩ tɔʊ wɛ ɖoŋ piŋ, pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-waɣyɛ tatalɩ kɩyakɩŋ naalɛ. Patatɩɩ labɩda nɛ pʊtʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ paasɩŋ ɖɔɖɔ ɛ-yɔɔ tɔm pʊɖɔɔ piŋ.
Dʊbɩnɩyɔm (pɩlɩna Doubna tɛtʊ hɩɖɛ yɔɔ kɛ Rusii ɛjaɖɛ taa) palabɩ-ɩ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe pɩnaɣ 1967 pɩtɩŋna sukuli kɩkpɛndʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩñɩnɩɣ pɩlɩna pɩdaa pee yɔɔ (JINR), nɛ pɩtɩŋna ɖɔɖɔ Georgi Nikolaievitch Flerow ŋgbɛyɛ yɔɔ Doubna. Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1970, ñɩnɩyaa ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ ɖɩ-nɔɔ ɖɛyʊ kɔyɔ Albert Ghiorso Kalifornii sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa Berkeley tɛtʊ taa ñɩɣ nesi pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-tɛ natʊ yɔɔ.
Berkeley lɛɣtʊ tɩnaa takɩ Soviyetiki mba natʊ takayasɩ yɔɔ pɩtɩŋna pɩtɩŋna mankɩlaa waa wondu yɔɔ kɛlɛ patapɩzɩ. Pamaɣzɩ se payaa pʊtʊ ɛnʊ se hahnɩyɔm nɛ (yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɔyɔ Ha, [ˈhɑːniəm]) pɩlɩna Caama lɛɣtʊ tʊ Otto Hahn hɩɖɛ ɖʊʊ yɔɔ. Pɩɩkɛ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ Erɔpʊ nɛ Amerika lɛɣtʊ tɩnaa kaalakanaɣ tʊmɩyɛ yɔɔ. Nɔɔhɔnɖɛ naɖɩyɛ la Russe ñɩnɩyaa tɛ kɛlɛ pekiziɣ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1997 panɩna ɖama ndɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩyɔɔ nɛ petisi hɩɖɛ dʊbɩnɩyɔm yɔɔ.
Confucius lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɩnaa ŋgbɛyɛ
Confucius lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɩnaa ŋgbɛyɛ, Rújiā (儒家) (pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se masɩma lɔŋ sukuli) nɛ Rúxué (儒学) pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se masɩma lɔŋ wa wɩlɩtʊ, pɩkɛ sukuli naa taa sukuli nakʊyʊ ŋgʊ kʊ-tʊmɩyɛ kaakɛ yaa kʊñɔŋnaɣ ɛyʊ yɔɔ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɔm yɔɔ, ɛyʊ fitenum yɔɔ, politiki tɔm yɔɔ nɛ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ tɔm yɔɔ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ. Tɔm tɩwala pɩtalɩ kpaɣɖɩŋ hiu mbʊ yɔ kpaɣ nɛ Kongfuzi (pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se wɩlɩyʊ Kong) ɛyʊ yɔɔ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɔm (pɩnaɣ 551 ŋtalɩ 479 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesu Krɩstʊ), pasɩmɩ-ɩ Wɩsɩ Ɖɩlɩyɛ ajɛyɛ taa taa nɛ latɛŋ hɩɖɛ ɖɩnɛ yɔ Confucius. Kpaɣnɛ kpaɣɖʊ 9 hɛkʊ taa lɩmaɣza ndɩ ndɩ lɩɩ paya-yɛ se Confucius maɣzɩm kɩfam ((Lǐxué 理学, Dàoxué 道学, Xīnxué 心学, ŋgbaɣ nɖɛɛ) nɛ apɩsɩ paɣtʊ ɛyaa kpeekpe cɔlɔ kpaɣɖʊ 13 wɛɛ taa. Quinq kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, Hànxué (漢学) lɩɩ, ndɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ pɩlɩna Confucius lɩmaɣzɩyɛ yɔɔ, pʊwayɩ kpaɣɖʊ 20 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ Confucius lɩmaɣza kɩfana ñalɩɩ. Kpaɣ ɖooo pɩ-tɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ mbʊ Siini ɛjaɖɛ wɛ Confucius lɩmaɣza ndɩ ndɩ taa, Tao ñɩna wɛɛ nɛ Puda ñɩna wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ, kɛlɛ Confucius ñɩna wakaɣnaɣ.
Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ Confucius caʊʊ ɖoŋ piŋ Azii nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kiŋ papɩzɩɣ pamaɣzɩ-kʊ nɛ Platon nɛ Yeesu pa-ñɩmba Wɩsɩ Ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ajɛyɛ taa. Ɛtatɩyɩ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ kiɖe, kɛlɛ ɛ nɛ ɛ-tɔm mʊyaa palɩzɩ lɩmaɣza sakɩyɛ pɛ-tɛ alɩwaatʊ, pɛlɛzɩ ɛyaa fetenum nɛ pɛ-tɛ caɣyɛ nɛ ɖama ɛzɩ sɔnzɩ tɩyɛ. Wɩlɩyʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-tɔm mʊyaa kajalaɣ mba mba pakpa se ɛyʊ yɔɔ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa nɛ papɩsɩ layaa Confucius cɔjɔ kpamɩŋ taa.
Bing Crosby
Harry Lillis Crosby (Tacoma, Etaazuunii, Mee 3, 1903-Alcobendas, Spain, Ọktọba 14, 1977), onye akpọrọ akpọrọ Bing Crosby, bụ onye America na-agụ egwú (crooner) na onye na-eme ihe nkiri na ọkara ọrụ narị afọ. Kpakpando kpakpando mbụ, Bing Crosby bụ onye kacha ere ma na-eme nke ọma na egwu egwu na narị afọ nke 20 n'ụwa niile.
Crosby bụ onye ndu na ndekọ ndekọ, ọnụego redio, na nnukwu ihe nkiri na - enweta - otu n'ime ihe ndị kachasị mkpa ma nwee mmetụta na narị afọ nke 20 n'ụwa niile. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ na-ese ihe nkiri. N'agbata 1934 na 1954, Crosby nwere onye na-akwụsi ike imeri ya na album ya, nnukwu ọkwa na redio, na fim ndị ama ama n'ụwa. A na-elekarị ya anya dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị ewu ewu na akụkọ ntanetị ma bụrụ ụda olu mmadụ ka edekọtara nke ọma taa. Ndị na-eme arụrụala ụmụ nwoke ndị mụpụtara ya, dị ka Frank Sinatra, Perry Como, Dean Martin, John Lennon, Elvis Presley, Michael Bublé ịgụta aha ole na ole.
Bing Crosby erewo ihe karịrị otu ijeri nde na ụwa niile ruo taa, ikekwe onye na-ere ndekọ kachasị ukwuu na akụkọ ntanetị, yana abụ kacha mma ere n'ụwa a akpọrọ ekeresimesi White, ya na ndị ọzọ E rere 50,000,000 erere n'ụwa niile.5 Crosby bụ onye ama ama ma bụrụ onye ama ama n'etiti etiti narị afọ nke 20 na ụwa nke na nnyocha e mere laa azụ n'oge ahụ kpughere na Crosby bụ onye a ma ama na nsọpụrụ karịa Pope Pius XII n'oge ahụ. Ọganiihu nke eserese ya ka bụ ihe dị egwu: kaadị 396 dị iche iche, gụnyere 41 Nke 1. Ọ bụrụ na ị gụọ ọtụtụ oge "akara ekeresimesi", nke ahụ ga-eweta ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ ruru 43, karịa. Beatles na Elvis Presley jikọtara ọnụ. Crosby nwere usoro eserese dị iche iche n'afọ ọ bụla n’agbata 1931 na 1954, gbakwunyere na ya nwere 24 dị iche iche na-ewu ewu na-alụ ọhụrụ na 1939 naanị. Bing Crosby dere ihe ndekọ 2,000 nke ihe ndekọ azụmahịa na ihe dị ka ihe ngosi redio anọ dị 4,000, gbakwunyere ndepụta sara mbara nke ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri telivishọn, ọ bụ ya bụ onye kachasị ede akụkọ egwu na akụkọ ntanetị. Bing Crosby gbara ihe ndekọ 41 Nke 1 na eserese (43 gụnyere isi nke abụọ na nke atọ maka "White ekeresimesi"), karịa Beatles nwere (24) na Elvis Presley nwere (18) ndekọ. Edekọ ya ruru na eserese 396 ugboro, karịa Frank Sinatra (209) na Elvis Presley (149) jikọtara ọnụ.
Crosby kwupụtara abụ Oscar a họọrọ 13, nke anọ meriri Academy Award maka Song kacha mma: "Leilani ụtọ" (agbamakwụkwọ Waikiki, 1937), "White Christmas" (Holiday Inn, 1942), "Swinging na Kpakpando ”(ingga Myzọ M, 1944), na“ Na Jụụ, Cool, Cool of the Night ”(Lee Abịa na Nwunye, 1951).
Enyerela Bing Crosby kpakpando atọ na Hollywood Walk of Fame: otu maka ndekọ, otu maka redio, otu maka fim.
Kpokpo
Kpokpo kɛŋna ñɩɣyʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛna pɔbɔla nalɛ nɛ pasaɣ-kʊ yɔ. Kpokpo wɛna ñamɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩ-yɔɔ kɛ kpokpo ɖoŋ tɩŋa wɛɛ. Ñɩɣyʊ kɩsasaʊ kʊnɛ kɩfɛyɩna kpomu ŋgʊ kɩɩhʊʊzɩ sayʊ yɔɔ yɔ. Weyi ɛsaɣ-kʊ yɔ, pɩnaɣ-ɩ yem kaɣlaa. Kpokpo wɛna ñɩɣyʊ taa ɖɔnɛ ɖaɣlakɩŋ nɛ ɩ-yɔɔ kɛ ɛyʊ pɩzʊ esena-kʊ ɛzɩma ɛsɔɔla yɔ. Pɩnaɣ mɩnɩŋ XIX taa kɛ poluba kpokpo nɛ kɩ-kacalaɣ tʊmɩyɛ kɔyɔ se kiwona ɛyʊ kɛ poliŋ taa ɖoli. Ɛlɛ ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ yɔ, kɩ-tʊma wɛ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna ɛyʊ sɔɔlɩm taa.
Bing Crosby
Bing Crosby bụ onye omenkà kacha edekọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nwere ihe ruru narị abụ anọ na-ere ere n'ụwa, ihe mmeri nke na onweghị onye gụnyere Frank Sinatra, Elvis Presley, Beatles na Michael Jackson abịala nso maka ịha.
Crosby edeela ihe anọ a na-eme na Grammy Hall of Fame, nke bụ onyinye pụrụ iche e guzobere na 1973 iji sọpụrụ ndekọ nke "tozuru oke na akụkọ ihe mere eme".
Kpokpo
Kpokponaa nabayɩ wɛɛ lɛ, pasaɣ-wɛ nɛ pahayɩsʊna, lɛɛba lɛ, haba sɔsɔna nɛ kɩɖaɣla yɔɔ kɛ pasaɣ-wɛ fuufuu, lalaa yɔ, paale pasaɣ-wɛ, pʊtɔbʊʊ se paa pʊŋ taa yaa kaaŋ ɩwɛ ɛzima kɔyɔ, papɩzʊ pasaa-wɛ, kpokpona lɛɛba lɛ haba sɔsɔna nɛ kɩɖaɣla yɔɔ kɛ pasaɣ-wɛ fuufuu ɛlɛ pɩkɛɣna ɛzɩ tomnaɣ taa hayɩsʊ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. Kpeɖe naɖɩyɛ wɛ kpokpo yɔɔ nɛ ɖɩ-yɔɔ kɛ sayʊ cakɩ nɛ ɛsɩ ɛ-nɩŋgbanzɩ kɛ naŋgbanzɩ ɖɩsɩyɛ. Ɛcakɩ mbʊ lɛ, nesi kiɖiyinau ñɩɣyʊ nakʊyʊ wɛɛ nɛ ɛɖɔkɩ-kɩ ciŋciŋ. Ñɩɣyʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-yɔɔ nɛ kpinini seu yɔm ñɩɣyʊ wɛ nɛ ɛsɔɔla ɛsɩma yɔ esaɣ nɛ ɛlɛɛzʊ. Sayʊ pɩzʊ ɛkpaɣ nɔɔyʊ kɛ ɛwayɩ yee kpokpo ŋgʊ kɩwɛna wayɩ kpeɖe kɩcaɣyɛ kɔyɔ.
Kpokpo taawɛɛ kabɩyɛ taa ɛlɛ paya-kʊ nɛ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ yɔ, ɖɩlɩna kiwilu yɔɔ. Paɖʊ-kʊ miŋ se pasaɣ-kʊ lɛ, kɩlakɩ « kpokpo kpokpo ». Pʊyɔɔ kɛ paya-kʊ se «kpokpo».
Tɛkɩzasɩ
Tɛkɩzasɩ kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. Tɛkɩzasɩ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Ostɩŋ nɛ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Houston.
Tɛkɩzasɩ wɛna Etaazunii nɛ hadɛ kiŋ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna naalɛ ñɩnɖɛ walanzɩ taa (696 241 km2); kacalaɣ ñɩnɖɛ yɔ Alaskaa nɛ nɖɩ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ naalɛ nɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa Etaazunii taa nɛ kacalaɣ nɖɛ yɔ Kalɩfɔrnii.
Pamaza Tɛkɩzasɩ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 696 241 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 678 907 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 17 333 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 2,49  yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 45 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa.
Payaɣ Tɛkɩzasɩ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Greg Abbott (R) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: John Cornyn (R) nɛ Ted Cruz (R). Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ ɩnʊ lɛ eŋgilisi nɛ ɛspañɔɔlɩ. Ɛlɛ siŋŋŋ taa lɛ, komina maɣmaɣ tatɩɩ hada nɔɔ camɩyɛ se aŋgilisi kɛŋna kɩ-kʊnʊŋ.
Fɔɔfɔɔ
Fɔɔfɔɔ kɛna kɔyɛ ŋɖɩ ɖɩlɩʊ hʊlʊʊ yɔ. Fɔɔfɔɔna wɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Lɩm ñɩŋgʊ wɛɛ, pʊʊyaɣ wɛɛ nɛ ɖoŋ ñɩŋgʊ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Kɔtɩɩ Tomnasi ndɩ ndɩ kɛ pakpakʊ nɛ pesidi yaa passa fɔɔfɔɔ. Tomnasi nzɩ, pɩpɔzʊ se pɩpɔzʊ se sɩkɛna nzɩ sɩyɔlʊ lɩm taa yɔ. Sodiyɔm ŋgʊ kɩwɛna yidirɔkɩsidi kɛ pasaɣna fɔɔfɔɔ ŋgʊ kɛ ɖoŋ yɔ piyele potasɩyɔm ŋgʊ kɩwɛna idiɖɔkɩsidi yɔ yaa ɖʊʊyʊ kɛ pasaɣna kabɩyɛ fɔɔfɔɔ yaa fɔɔfɔɔ kɩkpɛdʊʊ. Tomnasɩ ndɩ ndɩ nzɩ pezidu-sɩ ɖama taa nɛ patɩzɩ-sɩ nɛ sɩwasɩ camɩyɛ nɛ pʊcɔ pasaa fɔɔfɔɔ. Palakɩ fɔɔfɔɔnaa nabayɩ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ nikaɣ lɩm. Pʊbʊ taa lɛ, kɔ naayɛ kɛ pesidu ɖama taa nɛ pasaa-kʊ. Pɩɩkɛ fɔɔfɔɔ lɩm ñɩŋgʊ, pʊʊyʊʊ yaa ɖoŋ ñɩŋgʊ kɔyɔ, kɩtɩɩɖʊ lɩm taa lɛ, kɩyɔlʊʊ.
Pɔcɔtʊʊna fɔɔfɔɔnaa, paǹalɩɣna ñanzɩ yaa pɔsɔʊna lɩm. Pʊtɔbʊ se palɩzʊna asuluma nɛ fɔɔfɔɔnaa. Paalɩzʊ nɛ asuluma lɛ, kɩlɩʊ hʊlʊʊ fammm. Fɔɔfɔɔnaa taa nɛ tomnasi nzɩ yɔ, lɛɛsɩ wɛ leleŋ, ñɩmɩŋ siziŋ nɛ sɩ-taa wɛ nʊm cɔɔɔ sakɩyɛ. Fɔɔfɔɔnaa wɛ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩna tomnasi yaa kɔ wena pakpaɣ nɛ pasaana-wɛ yɔ sɩ-yɔɔ. Fɔɔfɔɔnaa mba pɛwɛ ɖoŋ kaŋkaŋ yɔ, pɔkɔŋ se pawɩlaa lɛ, papɩzʊ popuuti-wɛ puɖupuɖu. ALɩwaatʊ ndʊ paɖʊ-wɛɛ lɩm taa yɔ, potuu feɖe feɖe kɛ ɛyʊ nesi taa yaa nabʊyʊ yɔɔ. Pɩtɛ alɩwaatʊ lɛ, kɩwɛʊ lɔɔbɩɩɩ. Fɔɔfɔɔnaa wɛtʊ ndʊ, tɩcɛlɩɣna-wɛ pɛwɛtʊ ndʊ tɩwɩlʊ se pɛwɛ kɔɖɩɩɩ yaa kpandalam yɔ. Kɔ ndɩ ndɩ wena pasaɣna fɔɔfɔɔnaa yɔ, a-yɔɔ lɛ, pɩfɛyɩ camɩyɛ se kɩ-ɖʊ ɛyʊ nɔɔ taa yaa ɛsɛ taa. Pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ yɔ, pʊkɔŋna kʊdɔmɩŋ.
Kontrebasɩ
Cimɩŋ ɩnʊ ɩtɩŋga ɩtaa lɛ, kontrebasɩ yaa nimasi cɩmʊ kʊnɛ kɩwɛna kɩ-ndɩ. Ɛzɩ pamakʊ lɛɛŋ nɛ pesidu kisidu yɔ, kʊnɛ yɔ, kɩpaazʊ wiu tilu yɔɔ nɛ pɩkɔɔ pitii tipu yɔɔ ɛzɩ kaakʊʊ wilu yɔ. Peyeba polubu-kʊ mba se kɩ-tɛ mabʊ ɛtaawɛ kaɖɛ. Papɩzʊ pamapɩna-kʊ nɛ pɔɔyɔɔ yaa nee ɖeke ɛlɛ nimasi nzi papamɩna-kʊ yɔ, sɩ-yɔɔ kɛ pamakɩ mbʊ nɛ piwuu.
Pamakɩ kontrebasɩ kɛ ɖooov lɔŋ taa cɩmɩŋ taa nɛ ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ ɖɔɖɔ kɛ mbʊ yɔ, kɩɖɩɣna wazʊ kamaɣ fɛyɩ.
Steve Biko
Steve Biko kɛna Afrika hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa tʊ Palʊla-ɩ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ 18 pɩnaɣ 1946 kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se King William's Town yɔ. Ɛsɩkaɣ lɛ, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 30 yeke pɩnaɣ 1977. Pɩɩkɛnasalaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 12 wiye. Pretooriyaa tɛtʊ taa kɛ ɛsɩba, Afrika hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Palʊla-ɩ se payawaɣ-ɩ se Stephen Bantu Biko. Ɛzɩ Nelson Mandela yɔ, Steve Biko kɛna weyi ɛlʊba camɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ se lɛɛzʊ mbʊ pɩɩwɛ Afrika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ peeɖe nɛ ɛyaa kʊhʊlʊma nɛ kɩkpɛɛdaa paakaɣ mɩsɣ yɔ, pɛkpɛndɩ mɩzaɣ nɛ pɔtɔɔ ñanaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ taa. Pɩnaɣ 1963, ɛlɛ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 23 kɛ pakpa ɛ-ɖalʊ nɛ paɖʊ-ɩ salaka mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ɛlʊkaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se anasayɩnaa nɛ ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaa pataacɩ ɖama. Pɩlaba mbʊ lɛ, ɛtɩlɔʊ ɛ-lʊɖɛ nɖɩ.
Ɛmʊ e-sukuli kɩtɛzʊ takayaɣ lɛ, ɛsʊʊ sukuli pɩya sɔsaɣa ɖɩwɩlɩyɛ nɛ ɛla ɖakʊtanaa sukuli kɛ natalɩ tɛtʊ taa. Sukuli ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Natalɩ tɛtʊ taa. Peeɖe lɔŋsɩnɖaa laba kediizaɣ nakayɩ nɛ palɩzɩ-se ɛkɛna pɔ-nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʊ kɛ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se SUSUS yɔ. Ŋgbɛyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ se Afrika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ sukuli piya kpeekpe kɩkpɛndʊ. Ɛzɩma ɛkɛ ɛyʊ kɩkpɛdʊ lɛ, NUSAS lɩmaɣza lɛ, ɛlɩ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa. Pɩɩkɛna pɩnaɣ 1968. Ɛlɩ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ɛtʊlʊ ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɛyaa kɩkpɛɛdaa ɖeke wɛna ɖɩ-taa ɛlɛ pataɖaŋga kʊhʊlʊm nɔɔyʊ se ɛtaasʊ, SASO. Ŋgbɛyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩɩlakɩ yamyam lakasɩ ɛlɛ ɖama nɩnaʊ.
Pɩnaɣ 1972 taa pekizina ɛyaa mba pɛwɛ ɖɩ-taa nɛ peyeki paɖʊ taabalɩyɛ nɛ mba pɔtɔyɩtʊ ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaa yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1973 ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa sukulinaa sakɩyɛ tɛma Steve Biko ŋgbɛyɛ tɔbʊʊ. Pɩkpaɣna mbʊ nɛ pɔcɔŋna ɛ-ŋgbɛyɩ nɖɩ ɛzɩ yamyam ñɩnɖɛ yɔ. Paɖaŋgɩ-ɩ se pɩtatasɩ pɩh-ɩ waɖɛ se ɛyɔɔdɩ natʊyʊ samaɣ hɛkʊ ya ɛyɔɔdɩna pɩɖɛɛ ɛyʊ kʊɖʊm yɔɔ kpɛndɛ. Pɩnaɣ 1976, mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ taa, pɩkɛɛda lɛ yamayam lakasɩ paɣzɩ labʊ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ sukulinaa taa paawɩlʊ kʊɖʊmtʊ. Ɛyaa kʊhʊlɩmaa tɛ wɛna hɔɔlʊ nɛ kɩkpɛdaa. Ciidu mbʊ pɩ-taa kɛ Soweto hiu sɩm. Biko ñɛwɛ mɛɛsaɣ tɛɛ nɛ ɛlakɩ ɖama kpɛndʊ tʊmɩyɛ.
Ɛkpaɣ kɩyakɩŋ 101 nɛ ɛcɔʊ Kap-Oriyantalɩ. Ɛcɔʊ taa kɛ ɛɖʊ tabalɩyɛ nɛ aseɣɖe tɔm heyiyu Donald Woods, ɛlɛ kaɣna ɛ-tɔm maʊ. Kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ 18 pɩnaɣ 1977 sɔɔjanaa kpa Biko powona-ɩ Port Elizabeth pawɩlɩ-ɩ ñaŋ pʊcɔ patana-ɩ Pretoriya kɛ salaŋ fenaɣ 11 pɩnaɣ 1977. Tɛʊ fema lɛ, Biko tisa fesuu. Eyeba ɛ-wayɩ kɛ lelu, Ntsiki Mashalaba nɛ piya 5: Nkosinathi Biko, Samora Biko, Lerato Biko, Motlatsi Biko, Hlumelo Biko.
Tenesii
Tenesii kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. Tenesii taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Nashville nɛ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Memphis.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Karoolinii nɛ hayʊ kiŋ, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ lɛ Arkansɔɔ nɛ Misurii, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Zɔrziya, Alabama nɛ Misisipii tɛtʊ wɛna, piyele nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Kɛntukii nɛ Firziinii.
Pamaza Tenesii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 109 247 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 106 846 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 2 400  km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 2.20  yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 17 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 16 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ kacalaɣ ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1796. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 6 346 105 yɔ. Payaɣ Tenesii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se B ill Haslam (R). piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Bob Corker (R) nɛ Lamar Alexander (R). Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ Eŋgilisi.
Maŋganɛzɩ
Maganɛzɩ kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayzɣ kɔyɔ 25 nɛ yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɔyɔ Mn. Maganɛzɩ tonʊʊ kɛlɛʊ kɛ ñɩɣlɩm wonuu kɩɖɛzɩɣ. Sʊyɛdɩ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ nɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ tɔm wɩlɩɣ maganɛzɩ kɛ ɛ-tɛ nɛ ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ nɛ maganɛzɩ tɛ yaa magnesia nigra latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa. Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ lɛ pama-ɩ se MnO2. Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ paasɩma-ɩ ɖooo canaʊ nɛ ɛ-hɩɖɛ lɩna lydi tɛtʊ taa kɛnɛ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ nɖɩ palakaɣna tadɩyɛ.
Haile Selassie
Tafari Makonnen, Ɖajaa ɛnɛ, palʋla-ɩ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɩɩlɛ nɛ naadozo (23) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1892 taa. Palʋla-ɩ Ejersa Goro tɛtʋ taa Etiyopii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛsɩba kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɩɩlɛ nɛ lʋbɛ (27) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1975 taa Addis-Abeba tɛtʋ taa Etiyopii ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe.
Maŋganɛzɩ
Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ Bergman paɣzɩ labʊ tʊmɩyɛ pɩlɩna ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ nɛ maganɛzɩ kɩkpɛdɩɣ yɔɔ nɛ ekpekiɣ pʊtʊ nɔyʊ tɔm weyi patatɩɩsɩmta-ɩ yɔ, e-sukuli pɩɣa sɔsɔɣa Carl Wilhelm Scheele kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ kɛna kajalaɣ tʊ weyi ɛnaa se maganɛzɩ kɛ pʊtʊ ɛgbam tʊ, yee palakɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ nɛ maganɛzɩ kɩkpɛdɩɣ se palɩzɩ ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ fefekiŋ wondu, ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ pɩnaɣ 1773 nɛ klɔrɩ pɩnaɣ 1774, ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ fefeku ŋgʊ wayi wayi Lavoisier ya-kʊ hɩɖɛ yɔ.
Haile Selassie
Ɛɛkɛ Etiyopii ɛjaɖɛ wiyaʋ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1930 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩnɩ pɩnaɣ 1936 ñɩŋga taa. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, ɛtasɩ kɛʋ ɖi-wiyaʋ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1941 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩnɩ pɩnaɣ 1974 ñɩŋga taa. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛɛkɛ wiyaʋ yɔ, payawaɣ-ɩ se Haïlé Sélassié.
Tomnaɣ
Lɔnsɩnɖɛ kpɛlɛkɩyaa, mbaa payaɣ se filosɔɔfʋ waa, maɣzɩɣ se tomnaɣ kɛ mbʋ ɛyʋ pɩzɩɣ ɛnɩɩna maɣzɩm taa yɔ. Pañɩnaa nɛ pana se walanzɩ nɛ kɩɩkpɛndɩyʋ nɛ hɩlɩmɩyɛ pɛwɛna tomnaɣ taa. Kawɩlaɣ kpɛlɛkʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ labɩnɩyaa tɔŋ se ɛyʋ tomnaɣ wɛ ndɩ nɛ walanzɩ tomnaɣ. Ɛyʋ tomnaɣ kɛŋna cɩɖɩɖɩ tomnaɣ yaa tomnaɣ siŋŋ. Kɛkɛ tomnaɣ siŋŋ, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, katamsɩna ka-tɩ maɣmaɣ.
Walanzɩ tomnaɣ ñɛkɛna wonuu tɔnʋʋ yem. Kɩfɛyɩna wezuu. Ɖooo caanaʋ ɛyʋ pʋzɩ ɛ-tɩ se ɛna se ɛbɛ wɛ tomnaɣ nɛ ciyam yaa kalɩzaɣ pɛ-hɛkʋ taa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ɛyʋ ñɩnaa se ɛna se ɛbɛ kɛ tomnaɣ nɛ ɛbɛ kɛ ciyam.
Walt Disney
Palʊla Walter Elias Disney kɛ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kagbaanzɩ 1901 kɛ Chicago nɛ ɛsɩ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ 15 pɩnaɣ 1966 kɛ Puribanki, Kalifɔɔrɩnii tɛtʊ taa. Pasɩma-ɩ se ɛkɛ weyi eluki wondu nɛ ɛlɩzɩɣ tatasɩ nɛ lakɩ lakɩ waa mayʊ. Ɛ-tʊma ɖɔɔ: lɩzɩyʊ, luɖu, lakɩ lakɩ waa mayʊ, lakasɩ ndɩ ndɩ laɖʊ nɛ tɔmnaɣ taa hʊnʊm hayʊ pɩtasɩna se ɛkɛ Amerika taa kɩlɩzɩm kɛlɛm kɛlɛm waa taa tʊ. Ɛtʊla ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɛyaa-ɖɩ se Walt Disney Company nɛ ɛkɔɔ ɖɛfɛɛɛ ɖɛfɛɛɛ ɛkɛ mba palɩza filmwaa mba pakɩlɩ ɖeu yɔ.
Maŋganɛzɩ
Klaproth ɖaɣnɩ paɣzɩ ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛ-laɣsɩ nɛ ɛya-ɩ hɩɖɛnɛ latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa se magnesium nɛ Caama kʊnʊŋ taa se das Magnesium ɛlɛ ɖɛʊ taa yem, ŋgʊ Humphrey Davy ñaaya magnium lɛ pʊtʊ nɛ e-tomnaɣ kɛlɛʊ mañɛzɩyɔm nɔɔnɔɔ alɩwaatʊ taa. Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ Guyton Morveau tʊ ñaha-ɩ hɩɖɛ mbilim alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛyaɣa hɩla pʊtʊnaa hɩla yaʊ tʊmɩyɛ alɩwaatʊ se maganɛzɩ ɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 1785, ɛlɛ ɛkpaɣ fransɩɩ tɔmʊʊ maganɛzɩ nɖɩ ɖɩɩwɛ ɖooo kpaɣɖʊ 16 wɛɛ taa nɛ ɖɩwɩlɩɣ ɛyaa mba palakaɣ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ nɛ maganɛzɩ kɩkpɛdɩɣ yɔ.
Ñɩɣtʊ miŋ yɛlɩnaʊ wɛtʊ ndʊ sakɩyɛ pɛkpɛndɩɣ-tʊ nɛ ñɩɣyʊ tɛ ɔkɩzɛnɩ yɔ paasɩma-tʊ ɖooo lɔŋ, krɛkɩ nɛ latɛŋ abalɩtɔmʊʊ magnes, magnetis, nabʊyʊ taa lɛ magnetem yaa magnes lapis ɖɩlɩyɛ kʊyʊm, kaakɛ ñɩɣtʊ hɔm wonuu, ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ nɛ maganɛzɩ pɩyɛ yaa ñɩɣtʊ hɔm pɩyɛ, hɔŋaɣ nɛ ɖoŋ, ŋgʊ halɩ tɔmʊʊ magnes(ia) kaakɛ pɩyʊ keeke. magnesia nigra, kpanjaɣ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ pɩyʊ pindimm, paɖʊwaɣa-ɩ nabʊyʊ taa ɛzɩ ɛwɛʊ yɔ yaa pɛlɛzɩ-ɩ kɛ cʊʊ taa, palaka-ɩ tʊmɩyɛ ɖooo pʊcɔ canaʊ tɔm alɩwaatʊ kɛ akalɩŋ taa halɩ pɩcɛza pɩnzɩ kudokiŋ 17 mbʊ yɔ.
Haile Selassie
Wiyaʋ Haïlé Sélassié kajalaɣ tʋ ɖiyaɣ Etiyopii lɛ, Italii ɛjaɖɛ tapɩzɩ ɖɩkpacɛyɩ-ɖɩ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1935 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩnɩ pɩnaɣ 1941 ñɩŋga taa.
Walt Disney
Walt Disney kɛna kacalaɣ tʊ weyi ɛlɩza tɔm pii nɖi payaɣ se tɔm pɩlɩʊ. Walt kɛna ɛyʊ weyi ɛɛsɔɔla mʊya mʊyʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ nɛ ɛpawaɣ kɛlɛm kɛlɛmnaa taa. Waly Disne nɛ ɛtaabalaa poluba hɩla naayɛ nɛ payaa tatsɩ nzɩ palɩzaa yɔ sɩ-taa nɛ keteŋga taa ɛyaa kpekpe sɩma-wɛ. Pɛ-ɛyaa mba pa-taa nɔyʊ kɛ aseɣɖe tɔm heeyiyaa tɔŋ se ɛnʊ lɛ Mickey Mouse kɩlɩʊ kpem.
Mickey House ɛnɛ payawaɣ-ɩ se Mortimer House nɛ pʊcɔ Lillian Disney kɔɔ ɛpayaɣ-ɩ se Mickey House. Ɛyʊ ɛnɛ, Mickey House, paɣzɩ ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ kɛ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm waa cikpema labʊ nɛ ɛzɩ Walt Disney tɛ filimnaa taa yɔ, pɩwɛ tandamɩɩ tɛɛ yem ɖiu ɖiu. Ɛkɔma nɛ ɛyɩnɩɣ nɔɔyʊ se ɛpɛdɩ-ɩ e-filimnaa nɛ ɛɛnaɣ lɛ, ɛkɔɔ ɛna mbʊ se nabʊyʊ kazɩ pazɩ kɛ pa-taa se pɩtɛzɩ wɛʊ ɖeu.
Pɩnaɣ 1927 taa lɛ, Warner Bros ñañaɣ pana nɛ ɛlɩzɩ film nakʊyʊ, Wondu jass teyu, nɛ kɩtatasɩ kɛʊ ndamaa ñɩŋgʊ: kɩ-taa ɛyaa yɔɔdɩɣ. Disney ñɛwɛɛ nɛ ɛmakɩ kobusi se pasɩna-ɩ nɛ ɛlɩzɩ kɩlɩza kʊɖɔmaa kɛlɛm kɛlɛm waa taa ɛzɩ Mickey ŋgʊ taa ɛyaa yɔɔdɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ ɛlɛ nɔɔyʊ ɛɛnɩɣna-ɩ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ emaɣzɩ ɛ-ñʊʊtaa nɛ ɛpɛdɩ ɛ-lɔɔɖɩyɛ se ewiu piyee. Pɩlaba mbʊ lɛ, manzʊʊ malɩɩ nɔɔyʊ, Pat Powers, ha-ɩ mbʊ pɩsɩna-ɩ yɔ: mbʊ pɩsɩna-ɩ nɛ pewelesɩ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm waa mba palɩzaa yɔ.
Haile Selassie
Wiyaʋ Tafari Makonnen pɩjatʋ nɛ ɛ-hɔʋ
Palʋla-ɩ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ naadozo ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1892 taa Ejersa Goro tɛtʋ taa Etiyopii ɛjaɖɛ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ ‘Täfäri’ tɔbʋʋ se weyi ɛwɛ ɖoŋ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ yɔ. Piyele ɛ-caa hɩɖɛ ‘Mäkännen’ tɔbʋʋ kɛlɛ se ‘takayaɣ mayʋ sɔsɔ’.
Tɔm kpou
Tɔm kpou, pɩkɛ taa wiluu tʊmɩyɛ takayaɣ ŋga ka-taa kʊnʊŋ nakʊyʊ tɔmpe ndɩ ndɩ yaa tʊmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ cɔlɩyɛ nɛ papazɩna kajalaɣ mayaɣ pɩkɔɔ pɩɖɩna kɩtɛzaɣ, nɛ tɔmpiye nɖɩ palɩzɩ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ, patazɩ ɖɩ-taa kpayɩ kpayɩ, pɛkɛtɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɖɩkɛ mbʊ yɔ paa hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa. Takayaɣ pɩwɛ ɖɩɖʊ tʊkaɣ nakayɛ nɛ tɔm poŋ takayasɩ lɛɛsɩ, kanɛ yɔ kɛkɛ ŋga kɔyɔɔdʊʊ kʊnʊŋ kʊyʊmʊʊ tɔm yaa pama-kɛ nɛ nzʊlɩyɛ kʊyʊmɖɩyɛ yɔ. Malɩyʊ abalʊ ñɩnʊ tɔm kpou kɛ takayaɣ kɩkɩndaɣ kɛ latɛŋ hɛkʊ wɛɛ kʊnʊŋ taa dictionarium ɖɩlɩna latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa mbʊ se dictio. Ɖɩcɔna kɔyɔ pama-ɖɩ nɛ n kʊyʊm, ɛlɩna latɛŋ dictio cɔlɔ. Ɛ-tɛ kajalaɣ tʊmɩyɛ labɩnaʊ kaawɛ ɖooo Jean Garlande tɛ Dictionarius cum comm ɛlɩ ñalɩ pɩnaɣ 1220. Tɔmɩŋ ɖɩlɩyɛ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ paɣzɩna Fransɩɩ tɔm kpoŋ taa alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ ñɔɔ yɔ (pɩnaɣ 1650), Ménage weyi yeke nɛ maɣzɩm taa pɩza ɛna Fransɩɩ tɔmɩŋ sakɩyɛ kiɖe. Caama kʊnʊmɩŋ yɔɔ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ Friedrich Christian Diez (pɩnzɩ 1794 ŋtalɩ 1876) sɩna lɛɣtʊ tɔmɩŋ kpɛlɛkʊʊ kiɖe. Tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ sɔnɔ yɔ Walther von Wartburg kumoɖe tʊmɩyɛ huzina ɖɩ-yɔɔ (pɩnaɣ 1888 ŋtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1971), nɖɩ yebina nɛ sɔnɔ ɖɩwɛna aseɣɖe tɔm sakɩyɛ ndʊ paacɔɔlʊʊ tɩ-yɔɔ paa hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa pɩlɩna Fransɩɩ tɔmɩŋ ɖɩlɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ yɔɔ. Kajalaɣ pɩlʊʊ takayasɩ lɩna Sumer, kpaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 4 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesu Krɩstʊ. Pala-sɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɖɩwɩlɩyɛ tʊma naa taa, se pɩsa pɛkpɛlɛkɩ mayaa, pɩɩkɛ tʊmɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ kpem nɛ pɩkɛ wazaɣ ñɩnɖɛ. Mbʊ lɛ panaɣ papɩla tabɩlɩ naa cikpema 42 nɛ pɔ-yɔɔ nɛ hɩla 14000, papɩlɩ-yɛ pɩlɩna paa weyi ɛ-tɛ pʊtʊ kajalaɣ tʊ yɔɔ.
Tomnaɣ
Lɔnsɩɖɛ kpɛlɛkɩyaa nabɛyɛ tɔŋ se tomnaɣ nɛ ciyam kpɛkpɛnda kpɛm, pɛkɛ kʋɖʋm. Se patayasɩ ɖama. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tomnaɣ fɛyɩ yɔ, ciyam fɛyɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Mba pɔyɔɔdʋʋ mbʋ yɔ, pa-taa kɔyɔ ɖajaa Spinoza. Lalaa ñɔtɔŋ se tomnaɣ wɛ ndɩ nɛ ciyam, se pɛkɛ pʋdʋnaa naalɛ ndɩ ndɩ.
Tomnaɣ tɔbʋʋ lɩzʋʋ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna lɔnsɩɖɛ kpɛlɛkɩyaa maɣzɩm ndɩ ndɩ cɔlɔ. Lɔnsɩnɖɛ kpɛlɛkɩyʋ Lucrèce ñɔyɔɔdʋʋ Ɖo-tomnaɣ kɛ ciyam tɛ kuhuzum. Filosɔɔfʋ ɛnɛ, ɛ-maɣzɩm taa lɛ, ɛtɔŋ se tomnaɣ feŋuu na ciyam yɔɔ, ŋga huuzuuna kʋ-yɔɔ.
Lɔnsɩnɖɛ kpɛlɛkɩyʋ Platon ñɔtɔŋ se alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ciyam posuuna tomnaɣ kpaagbaa kpem yɔ, kɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ kɩmaɣzɩ siŋŋ. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋʋ lɛ, tomnaɣ yɛlɩɣ.
Piyele lɔnsɩɖɛ kpɛlɛkɩyʋ Descartes ñɔtɔŋ se tɔm piye tomnaɣ wɛ nabʋlɛ taa. Yee pɔyɔɔdɩ yem se tomnaɣ kɔyɔ, pɩkɛ wonuu kɩlɩzʋʋ tɛ hɔɔlʋʋ nakʋyʋ nɛ mbʋ pɩtɩŋɛ pʋwɛ kedeŋa yɔɔ yɔ. Ɛlɛ, yee ɖɩyɔɔdʋʋ abalʋ yaa halʋ tɛ tomnaɣ tɔm kɔyɔ, ɖɩyɔɔdʋʋ tɔnʋʋ tɩŋa ŋgʋ kɩtamsɩna abalʋ ɛnʋ e-ciyam yɔ kʋ-tɔm.
Lɔnsɩɖɛ kpɛlɛkɩyʋ Spinoza ñɔtɔŋ se, ɛnʋ nɩʋ taa lɛ, pɔyaʋ se tomnaɣ yɔ, pɩkɛ pʋyʋ mbʋ pɩwɩlɩɣ Ɛsɔ keem yɔ.
Piyele lɔnsɩɖɛ kpɛlɛkɩyʋ Leibniz cɔlɔ lɛ, pʋyʋ wezuu tʋ tomnaɣ kɛ Ɛsɔ tɛ ñɩɣyʋʋ nakʋyʋ. Ɛtɔŋ ɖɔɖɔ se tomnaɣ kɛ tɩ-yɔɔ tɛ tʋmɩyɛ labʋ ñɩɣyʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩkɩlɩ tɩ-yɔɔ tɛ tʋmɩyɛ labʋ ñɩɣtʋ kilubitu tɩŋa payɩ yɔ.
Haile Selassie
Ɛlɛɣzɩ hɩɖɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛtɔɔ Etiyopii ɛjaɖɛ kewiitu yɔ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ naadozo (3) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1930 ñɩŋga taa.
Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ lɛ, ɛsɛ hɩɖɛ se Lidj Tafari nɛ piyele payaa ɛ-caa se ras Makonnen. Ɛ-caa kɛŋna Hararghé tɛtʋ wiyaʋ. Payaɣ e-ɖoo se Woyzero Yeshimebet Ali Abba Jifar. E-ɖoo sɩbana kahʋyaɣ sɔsaɣ lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ naanza ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1894 taa. E-ɖoo sɩba lɛ, ɛtatɩɩtalɩda pɩnzɩ naalɛ.
Ɛ-caa ñasɩba lɛ, ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ hiu nɛ naanza (14). Ɛlɛ sɩba lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kʋɖʋmʋʋ ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1906 taa. Wiyaʋ Menelik II kekpiikina ɛ-caa ɛnʋ kpam nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ ɛ-kpaakpaa kɩyakʋ wiye.
Pʊʊ kʊhʊlʊmʊʊ
Pʊʊ Kʊhʊlʊmʊʊ kɛna pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Alɩpɩ pʊŋ taa yɔ nɛ kʊ-kuyɩmɩŋ taa maɣna mɛtanaa 4 809, ɛlɛ wayɩ nɛ wayɩ pamaɣzɩ-kʊ lɛ, pan mɛtanaa 4 808,73. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se tɛŋ nɩɣ nɛ kɩyɔlɩɣ pazɩ pazɩ. Erɔpʊ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩlɩna kʊyʊ. Paɖa kɩyɔɔ kɛ kpaʊ pɩnaɣ 1786.
Pʊŋ sɔsɔŋ nɩɩyɛ pɩlɩ ɖama yɔɔ nɛ payaa-ɩ se alɩpʊwaa. Ɛwɛ kʊhʊlʊmaa tɛtʊ ilemiye taa, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛwɛ Erɔpʊ tɛtʊ ilemiye taa. Ɛpɩlaa, kpaɣna Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ hayi kiŋ kamaɣ yɔɔ nɛ puwolo Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa nɛ pɩɖɛɛ Monako nɛ Suwiisi nɛ Lizitɛnsɩtayɩnɩ nɛ Otirisi nɛ Caama nɛ hadɛ kiŋ nɛ Silovenii pa-ajɛya taa.
Yee ɛyʊ ɛsɩŋa Pʊʊ kʊhʊlʊmʊʊ ŋgʊ kʊyɔɔ kɔyɔ ɛpɩzɩɣ nɛ elosi yaa ɛna piisi ɛzɩ naanza yɔ: Jura, Vosges, Foret-Noire nɛ Massif Central.
Alɩpʊ pʊŋ kʊyaa pɩtalɩ mɛtɛnaa 4 809 pʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Pʊʊ Kʊhʊlʊmʊʊ yɔ kʊ-ñʊʊ taa. Pʊŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-taa lɛ, papɩzɩɣ pakalɩ pʊŋ weyi ɛkɩlɩ kʊyʊʊ kpem yɔ pɩtalɩ pʊŋ nɩɩnʊwa nɛ niidozo nɛ pʊŋ naalɛ (82). Ɛ-kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ cɛzɩ mɛtɛnaa 4 000 yɔɔ.
Suwiisi ɛjaɖɛ taa pʊʊ kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ kɛ mɛtɛnaa nɩɩnaza nɛ lutozo (48). Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa ñɩŋgʊ kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ ñɛkɛ mɛtɛnaa niidozo nɛ lutozo (38) nɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa pʊʊ kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ ñɛkɛ mɛtɛnaa nɩɩlɛ nɛ naanza (24). Mbʊ pɩtamsɩna pʊŋ ɛnʊ nɛ kɛdɛnzɩ yaa ajɛya yɔ, pʊkʊyaa pɩcɛzɩ mɛtɛnaa kudokuŋ naalɛ (2 000). Kpaɣna Meditɛɛranee teŋgʊ nɛ puwolo Taniibi pɔɔ lɛ, alɩpʊwaa hɔma pɩtalɩ kilomɛtɛnaa 1 200.
Kpema
Kpema kɛna ɖozi nzi payayɩɣ sɩ-hatʊ yɔɔ yɔ. Tuluŋga taa lɛ, tɩmaatɩ ñɛkɛna ɖozi nzi pahayɩɣ-sɩ sɩ-pee yɔɔ yɔ. Ɛzɩ ademɛɛ yɔ, kpema tomnaɣ wɛ ɛzɩ tɩŋhatʊ lɩm yɔ. Ɖenɖe pakɩlʊ kpema hayʊ yɔ, pɩwɛɛ se pɩkɛna ɖenɖe wɩsɩ wɛɛ yɔ. Ɖozi sɩnɛ tɩ-taa anaɣm ɖɔɣa kamaɣ fɛyɩ nɛ anaɣm mbʊ pɩ-taa kɔyɔ: fɛɛrɩ nɛ bʊ pɩhaɣ ɛyʊ tɔnʊʊ taa kpekpeka nɛ alaafɩya camɩyɛ yɔ.
Ɛzɩ tɩŋ lɛɛŋ sakɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, mbʊ kpema wɛɛ nɛ kpema tɩŋ yaa tikiŋ nɩyɛ wɛɛ lɛ a-yɔɔ kɛ abalaa wɛɛ nɛ lɛɛŋ yɔɔ kɛ halaa ñɛwɛɛ. Pee wɛ ñɩɩɩ ñɩɩɩ nɛ apʊʊ pɩtɛ lɛ pɩyaɣ nɛ heelim kpakɩɣna-yɛ nɛ piwona lɛɛna yɔɔ. Kpema ɛɛkɩlɩɣ tɛtɛ wondu yaa yaa nakaŋ hɔm nɛ heelim kɩl;;una pee anaa yɛlɩnaʊ. Ɖooo kiɖetɛɛ lɛ, Pɛrsɩ tɛtʊ taa kɛ paalɛɣa kpema tɔɔʊ yaa hayʊʊ nɛ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ XII taa kɛ a-tɔɔʊ nɛ a-haɖaʊ tala Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa pʊcɔ Catherine de Médicis yɛlɩna kpema tɔɔʊ nɛ a-haɖaʊ kɛ ajɛya kpeekpe taa. Papɩzɩɣ pahayɩ-ɛ pɩnaɣ taa paa fenaɣ ŋga ka-taa pɩlɩɩna tɛʊ cɔlɔ yaa nikaɣ cɔlɔ. Kpema naayɛ wɛ nɛ apɩzʊ atalɩ pɩnzɩ naalɛ nɛ lɛɛna lɛ, alakɩ camɩyɛ pɩnaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ lɛ, a-ɖoŋ tɛma. Pacaɣ kpema kɩcaʊ pʊtɔbʊʊ se ahɔʊ nɛ a-hatʊ kpa camɩyɛ fɛlɛfɛlɛ lɛ pɛsɛtɩ-tʊ nɛ pʊcɔ aɖaanɩ hɔʊ.
Ñamɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩ-taa miŋ ñaɣʊ nɛ pɩtɔʊ
Ñamɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩ-taa miŋ ñaɣʊ nɛ pɩtɔʊ kɛna ñama wena amʊ miŋ nɛ a-taa taŋgayɩ weyi ɛwɛ ɛzɩ sabʊʊ tɩyɛ nɛ ɛcɔʊ hilihili yɔ yaa ɛkpaɣ nɛ etiki yɔ. Ñama ana a-taa nɛ helimaɣ feveku ŋgʊ kɩmʊ miŋ yɔ.
Pinaɣ 1854 taa kɛ Eugenio Barsanti nɛ Felice Matteucci poluba kacalaɣ ñamɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩ-taa miŋ ñaɣʊ nɛ pɩtɔʊ. Ñamɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩɩwɛna tilimaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ nɛ ŋga cɔwaɣna hilihili nɛ kakpaɣ nɛ ketiki. Pɩnaɣ 1859 taa lɛ, Étienne Lenoir ñolu ñamɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩ-taa miŋ ñaɣʊ nɛ pɩtɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ nabʊlɛ taa yɔ. Pɩlaba pɩnzɩ naatozo lɛ, Beau de Rochas ñolu ñamɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩ-taa miŋ ñaɣʊ nɛ pɩtɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ nanza taa yɔ. Ñamɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ, ndɩ Nikolaus Otto tasa ɖoŋ kpazʊ pɩnaɣ 1867. Ɛzɩ pɔtɔm se nimiye kɩpɩnɖɛ yɔɔ palʊʊ kɩfaɖɛ yɔ, mbʊ pɩwɛɛ nɛ pɩnaɣ 1886 taa Gottlieb Daimler nɛ Wilhelm Maybach paɖaɣnɩ ñamɩyɛ nɖɩ wilu nɛ paɖaɣnɩ-ɖɩ ñɔɔzʊʊ nɛ ɖɩwɛɛ camɩyɛ mana mana. Pɩwayɩ yɔ palɩza ñamɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ kulukulu yɔ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1891 nɛ pɩkɔma pɩmaƒ 1893 lɛ, ñamɩyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Tiyesɛlɩ yɔ, polu ɖɩɖɩ. Ñamɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩ-taa miŋ ñaɣʊ nɛ pɩtɔʊ lubʊ pʊnɛ, pɩsɩna nɛ ɛsɔtaa lɔɔɖa, tataa ñɩna, kpokponaa yaa mɛlɛnaa papɩzʊ peseu. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ ñɩɩtʊ ndʊ tɩlakɩ tʊma a-lona taa nɛ ñama ana yɔ, aɖɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ. A-taa kɔyɔ: tɩŋ pilima sɛtʊʊ ñɩɣyɩʊ, ñɩtʊ sɛtʊʊ ñɩŋgʊ, mootinaa yaa ɖɔɖɔ ñɩɣtʊ ndʊ pɩsɛyɩɣna moti nemaa yaa kpacanaa yɔ. Pɩtasɩ pompɩna nɛ nazɩyʊ luɖu ñɩɣyʊ.
Deng Xiaoping
Deng Xiaoping yaa Teng Hiao-Ping yaa Teng Hsiao-Ping kaakɛŋna Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa: dama nɩnaʊ politiki ŋgbɛyɛ takayaɣ mayʊ sɔsɔ. Palʊla-ɩ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 22 pɩnaɣ 1904 nɛ ɛsɩ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ 1997.
Ɛ-tʊma ɖɔɔ: ɛɛkɛ Siini taa weyi ɛcɔŋna sɔɔjana yɔɔ yɔ ɛ-ñʊʊtʊ kpaɣ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ looɖo pɩnaɣ 1983 nɛ pɩsɩɩna lakɩŋ frnaɣ 19 pɩnaɣ 1990; pɩtɛ alɩwaatʊ kʊɖʊmtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖi-taa lɔnsɩnɖa yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ; pʊwayɩ lɛ ɛnʊ ɖɔɖɔ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɩkpɛndʊ ɖɩ-taa tɔm taa nɩya ñʊʊdʊ naatozo ñɩnʊ kpaɣ lakɩŋ fenaɣ litoozo pɩnɑɣ 1978 nɛ pɩsɩɩna mɩsɩgʊm fenaɣ 17 pɩnaɣ 1953. Pʊwayɩ lɛ ɛɛkɛna kewiyaɣ ñʊʊdʊ tɛ kacalaɣ ñɩnʊ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa kpaɣ kɩyɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ lʊbɛ pɩnaɣ 1977 pɩsɩɩna salaŋ fenaɣ hiu pɩnaɣ 1980.
Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ kpaɣna lakɩŋ fenaɣ 1973 nɛ pɩsɩɩna ɖomaɣ fenaɣ lʊbɛ wiye pɩnaɣ 1976 lɛ ɛɛkɛna kewiyaɣ ñʊʊtʊ tɛɛ-tʊ. Piyele salaŋ fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 1957 nɛ lakɩŋ ñɩŋga pɩnaɣ 1967 ɛɛkɛna Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa takayɩsɩ maya ŋgbɛyɛ taa takayaɣ mayʊ kacalaɣ ñɩnʊ. Ɛyɔɔda tɔm pee naayɩ nɛ acaɣ ɛyaa ñʊntaa, a-taa kɔyɔ se:
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Fiyoolɔnsɛɛlɩ
Fiyoolɔnsɛɛlɩ kɛna mʊsɩ labʊ wonu kɩmabʋʋ. Wonuu kʋnɛ yɔ, palaba-kʋ nɛ nima kɛnɛ. Nɛ nima anɛyɔ, añɔtɩna ɖama nɛ asɛyʋʋ na ɖama nɛ ɖaʊ nakʊyʊ lakɩna nɛ nima anɛyɔ añamasʋʋ nɛ wiluu nakʊyʊ lɩʊ. Ɖaʊ ŋgʊ, kɩ-yɔɔ wɛ ɛzɩ saɣ kela ñɩŋga yɔ. mʊsɩ labʊ wonu kɩmabʋʋ kʊnɛ kɩwɛ nimasi cɩmɩŋ hɔʊ taa. Hɔʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ mʊsɩ labʊ kɩmabʋtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛɛ: hayuu nɛ hadɛ ŋgʋ nɛ ŋgʋ ɖɔɖɔ kɩkɩla mbʊ paɣlʊ yɔ.
Fiyoolɔnsɛɛlɩ cakɩ kpelaɣ taa pɩcɔ nɛ ɛmapɩ-kʋ. Ɛkpɛkʊ-kʋ nɛ nɛ ɛ-tala nɛ pɩcɔ ɛpaazɩɣ-kʋ mabʋ. Mʊsɩ labʊ wonu kɩmabʋʋ kʊnɛ kɩwɛna liŋ litoozo nɛ ɩnʊʊ yɔ: Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Si Do. Fiyoolɔnsɛɛlɩ mʊsɩ labʊ wonu kɩmabʋʋ kʊnɛz kɩwɛna ɖɔɖɔ witu ɛzɩ hiu nɛ naalɛ yɔ.
Mʊsɩ labʊ wonu kɩmabʋʋ kɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ mʊsɩ labʊ wondu kɩmabʋtʋ ndʊ tɩkɩlʊ wiu yɔ tɩ-taa. Kɩ-tɛɛ wilitu yaa tilitu kpaɣ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ 65 Hz pɩsɩdina 1000 Hz yɔ yaa pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩtalɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ 2000 Hz kɛ mbʊ yɔ yee pɩpazaanɛ pɩha maɖʋ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ. Mʊsɩ labʊ wonu kɩmabʋʋ fiyoolɔnsɛɛlɩ kʊnɛ kɩlɩna n̄ɔtɩnaʋ wondu teyaa kpam. Tɛyʋʋ taa siŋŋ lɛ, fiyoolɔnsɛɛlɩ lakɩna ɖonɖoŋ kɛ fa liu.
Benjamin Britten
Palʊla Edward Benjamin Britten kɛ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 22 wiye pɩnaɣ 1913 kɛ Suffolk, Kewiyaɣ kɩkpɛndaɣ taa nɛ ɛsɩ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa saŋgayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naanza ñɩŋgʊ pɩnaɣ 1976 ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 63. Ɛ-tʊma sɔsɔna yɔ: wendu luɖu yaa tɩ-mayʊ, soo maɖa ɖɩcaɣyɛ ñʊʊdʊ nɛ piyano maɖʊ.
Wasɩŋtɔŋ (Tɛtʋ cikpetu)
Wasɩŋtɔŋ kɛna Etaazuunii keteŋa taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ natʊyʊ. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩwɛna Etazuunii nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ hayɩ kiŋ. Ɛlɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkɩla wɛʊ keteŋa ŋga nɛ ka-wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ yɔ nɖɩ lɛ Alaskaa. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ-tʊ nɛ tɩtaa yɔ, ndʊ yɔ: hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Kanadaa tɛtʊ nɛ Piritaaniiki tɛ Kolombii, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se Oregɔŋ yɔ piyele nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, Idahoo tɛtʊ ñɛwɛna, pɩkazɩ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ Pasifiki teŋgu wɛna. Pɩtɔpɔzɩ se piyiidi ɛyʊ, yee ɛnɩɣ payaɣ se Wasɩŋtɔŋ kɔyɔ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, Wasɩŋtɔŋnɩwaa wɛ nabʊlɛ taa: kacalaɣ ñɩŋgʊ lɛ kʊkʊ wɛ Etazuunii nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa nɛ ŋgʊ lɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ; piyele naalɛ ñɩŋgʊ lɛ, ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊ kʊ-tɔm yɔ nɛ kʊnɛ kɩwɛna Etazuunii nɛ kɩwɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ. Ɛlɛ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩnatʊlɛ mbʊyʊ yɔ Amerika ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ weyi payawaɣ-ɩ se George Washington yɔ, ɛ-hɩɖɛ pɛcɛla tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩtɩŋa. Sɔdʊ kɔnɛ, George Washington, ɛnʊ kɛŋna Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ kacalaɣ ñɩnʊ.
Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm ta wɛ ɛzɩ kilomɛttanaa 184 824. Hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kacalaɣ wiye pɩnaɣ 2010 taa pakalɩ ɛyaa kɛ Wasɩŋtɔŋ tɛtʊ taa lɛ, pana ɛyaa miliyɔɔnaa 6 724 540. Mbʊ yebina nɛ pana se tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩkɛna 13 ñɩndʊ kɛ Etazuunii tɛtʊ kpeekpe taa ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ.
Pɩnaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ ŋga ka-taa pakalɩ piya mba palʊlaa lɛ, pɛkpɛnda 12,9 kɛ ɛyaa mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ pa-taa lɛ oiya ɛzɩ 4,5 sɩkɩ; nɛ ɛyaa mba pazɩba yɔ papa kpɛnda ɛyaa 7,2kɛ ɛyaa mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ aŋgilisi.
Radɩyɔm
Radɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 88 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Ra. Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛhʊlʊmaa paɖa paɖa kɛlɛ peyeba-ɩ helim taa yem kɔyɔ epiyuu. Radɩyɔm kɛ ɖʊʊyʊ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ pɩyʊ weyi ɛtɔɖɔɔ ʊranɩyɔm ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ taa yɔ. Pɛcɛsaɣ pechblende, ʊranɩyɔm ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ lɛ Marie Curie nɛ ɛ-walʊ pana-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1898. Poluba radɩyɔm hɩɖɛ pɩlɩna latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ yɔɔ mbʊ se radius (cɛŋga), ɖɔɖɔ kpaagbaa mbʊ tɔmʊʊ cɛnzɩ tɔʊʊ.
Pana radɩyɔm lɛ pɩtɩŋna Marie Sklodowska-Curie nɛ ɛ-walʊ Pierre Curie saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 21 pɩnaɣ 1898 pechblende ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ natʊyʊ taa. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pɛkpɛlɛkaɣ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-tɔm yɔ Curie waa kaatɛma huyuu ʊranɩyɔm tɩŋa, se pɩsa nɛ pana se kagasaɣ ŋga kaawɛ kɔtɔwaɣ cɛnzɩ siŋ. Hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 1898 wɛɛ taa, palɩzɩ pechblende taa pʊtʊ nɔyʊ ɛwɛ ɛzɩ pɩsɩmʊtɩ yɔ, pʊwɛɛ ɛzɩ ɛlɩna pɔlɔnɩyɔm taa kɛnɛ.
Paahuyuu radɩyɔm pʊɖɔʊʊ ŋnɔɔ, kpaɣ ɛzɩ pɩnaɣ 1918, Etaazuunii ɛyaa lakaɣ kikpeekpe lɛ pɩɩkɛ 13,6 g. Pɩnaɣ 1954, radɩyɔm 2,3 kg yeke ɖeke kaawɛna kedeŋga kpeekpe taa, nɛ mayaɣ kɛtɛlɛɣzɩ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩna sɔnɔ. Ajɛyɛ wena akɩlɩɣ labʊ radɩyɔm yɔ ana yɔ Pɛlɩzɩkɩ, Kanadaa, Cɛɛkɩ ɛjaɖɛ, Silovakii, Kewiisi kpɛndʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Ajɛyɛ kɩbɩna wena aawɛ Soviyetiki kɩkpɛndʊʊ taa yɔ.
Palaba tʊmɩyɛ nɛ radɩyɔm pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ pɩnzɩ 1950, pɩlɩna mʊntʊsʊʊ tɔʊʊ wɛtʊ yɔɔ, tɔlɩm mbʊ palakɩ-pʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ alɩwaatʊ heyuu ñɩɣyʊʊ taa, palaba-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛsɔdaa lɔɔɖa tʊma ɖeɖe nɛ wondu ndʊ tɩwɛ wazaɣ ñʊʊ yabɩtʊ ɖeɖe yɔ. Radɩyɔm kajalaɣ kɩlanaʊ ŋgʊ pɛlɛɣ naʊ ŋgʊ lɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ sɔsɔ George F. Kunz tɛ ñɩŋʊ, weyi ɛta ɛ-tɛ mɔntrɩ radɩyɔm tɔlɩm se pɩsa nɛ ɛpɩzɩ ɛna-zɩ cɩkpɛndʊʊ taa, kɛlɛ ɛsɩɩ takayaɣ nakayɛ pɩlɩna pʊ-tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩyɔɔ salaŋ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1903.
Ñɩɣlɩm nɩɣyʊʊ
Ñɩɣtʊ pakpakʊʊ nɛ polukina wondu ndɩ ndɩ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ cɩnɛ: kʊdʊyʊŋ maʊ taa (lɔbʊtʊ taa, kafintanaa mba pɔlɔkɩnañɩɣtʊ yɔ), pʊlɔmʊ tʊmɩyɛ yaa pɔmpɩnaa, lɔɔɖa lubu (kpaɣ cɛɛcɛ pɩtalɩ ɛsɔtaa lɔɔɖɩyɛ), tʊma ndɩ ndɩ sɩm tʊma taa, malɩfanaa nɛ pɩkpaɣ pɩɖɛɛ. Ñɩɣlɩm ñɩɣtʊ wazɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ se polubina ñɩɩyasɩ ndɩ ndɩ: laadiɖiki miŋñɩɣyasɩ nɛ nzɩ sɩkaɖuʊ nɛ tɛʊ yɔ, kɛlɛm kɛlɛmnaa wondu, kanɖʊnaa, kpelasi nɛ pɩkpaɣ pɩɖɛɛ. Ñɩɣtʊ waɣzaɣ ɖɔɔ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ nɛ pɩkpaɣna pɩnaɣ 1980 lɛ tɛtɛɛ ñɩm mbʊ pɩdaa wɛ ñɩɣlɩm yɔ pohuyuu-tʊ yem.
Pʊtɔma kalʊʊ
Pʊtɔma kalʊʊ, tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna tɔbɩŋ nɩɣ ndɩ ndɩ, tɔm kɛdʊʊ-ɖʊ se ɖɩlɩna latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ tɛ kɛnɛ probabilitas, kɛlɛ ɛha siɣye nɛ tɔmpiye ndɩ ɖɩɖɩ paya-ɖɩ se tovonum yɔ, pɩkɛ kpeɣʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ. Kpeɣʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩpɩsɩ piliŋa sɔsɔ nakayɛ kɛ tʊʊzʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa kɛlɛ paya se kpeɣʊʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ.
Ɖʊzʊʊ tɔmʊʊ lɩwa, kajalaɣ kɛ kpɛɣʊʊ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ ɖeɖe lɛ, ɖɩlɩ kpaɣɖʊ 12 wɛɛ taa, se pɩsa nɛ patakɩ tadɩyɛ nɩnaʊ tɔm nɛ Pierre Jean Olivi nɩnaʊ tɔm, nɛ ɖɩpaɣlɩ kpaɣɖʊ 16, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pekpeɣli nesi ñɩɣ takayasɩ kpeekpe pɩlɩna teŋuu nɔɔ tɔm yɔɔ. Maɣzɩm cikpem nabʊyʊ pɩlɩna Girolamo Cardano yɔɔ kpaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 16 wɛɛ taa, nɛ Galilée kpaɣɖʊ 17, keekee tɛ kpaɣʊʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɔm lɩ kpaɣ Pierre de Fermat nɛ Blaise Pascal pɛ-ɛgbaɣdɩyɛ alɩwaatʊ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1654.
Pɩkɔma kpaɣɖʊ 17 hɛkʊ naalɛ ŋgʊ wɛɛ taa pɩlɩna Blaise Pascal, Pierre Fermat ñɩnʊ nɛ Christian Huygens tʊma yɔɔ pɩlɩna pɩfɛyɩ camɩyɛ hɔɔlɩŋ tɔm labɩtʊ yɔɔ kɛ pʊtɔma kalʊʊ tɔmpiye ñɔɔ pazɩ pazɩ wobu yɔɔ, nɛ ɖɔɖɔ tʊʊzʊʊ ɛsɩndaa wobu yɔɔ kɛ pʊtʊ yɔɔ pɩtɩŋna Jacob Bernouilli yɔɔ. Kpaɣɖʊ 18 lɛ Gabriel Cramer wɩlɩ tɔm natʊyʊ pɩlɩna cɔlɩyɛ pʊtɔma kalʊʊ nɛ tɩpɩsɩ kiɖe Diderot ɛsakuliye takayaɣ cɔlɔ, pama-kɛ kpaɣɖʊ kʊyʊmʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ tɛmtʊ alɩwaatʊ taa. Haŋ tɛɛ kpazɩyʊ sɔsɔ kɔyɔ Pascal, kɛlɛ Christian Huygens susi De ratiociniis in ludo aleae tɔm (pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se mɩkaɣ yɔɔ tʊmɩyɛ labʊ) pɩnaɣ 1657. Takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ ŋga kiɖe piŋ kɛ pʊtɔma kalʊʊ ɖeɖe.
Rood Ayilandi
Rood Ayilandi kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. Rood Ayilandi taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Providence nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ.
Pamaza Rood Ayilandi ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 4 002 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 2 706  km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 1 295  km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 41,19  yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 43 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 13 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ nɛɛlɛ nɛ nakʊ ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1790. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 1 052 567 yɔ. Payaɣ Rood Ayilandi ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Gina Raimondo (D) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Jack Reed (D) nɛ Sheldon Whitehouse (D).
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ Eŋglɩsɩ. Ɛlɛ siŋŋŋ taa lɛ, komina maɣmaɣ tatɩɩ hada nɔɔ camɩyɛ se Eŋgiɩsɩ kɛŋna kɩ-kʊnʊŋ.
Sɩbɔrgɩyɔm
Sɩbɔrgɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 106 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Sg. Palaba-ɩ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe lɛ, pɩɩkɛ pɩnaɣ 1974 ɛlɛ Etaazuunii nɛ URSS aŋgba kɛlɛ paa nɖɩ lɛ ɖɩɩwɛɛ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ nɛ pɛkpɛndɩ labʊ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ niikaɣ you alɩwaatʊ taa, nɛ poyou pɩlɩna pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-hɩɖɛ yɔɔ. You ŋgʊ pɔkɔɔ pehiɣ ɖama nɩnaʊ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1997 pɩtɩŋna ɛzɩma pʊtʊ 104 nɛ 108 wabɩtʊ yɔɔ kɛlɛ paha pʊtʊ 106 hɩɖɛ pɩtɩŋna Glenn Seaborg hɩɖɛ yɔɔ, ɛkɛ lɛɣtʊ ɛyʊ kɛtɛɖaɣ tʊ weyi ɛ-hɩɖɛ mʊna samtʊ piŋ yɔ ɛ-tɛ wɛɛ taa.
Ɛkɛ akɩtɩnɩdɩ waa tɛ pʊtʊ nɔɔyʊ weyi ɛtɔʊ cɛnzɩ sakɩyɛ yɔ, kɛlɛ a-agbele kʊyʊm nɔyʊ pasɩma 269Sg nɛ ɛ-tɛ caɣyɛ cɛnzɩ tɔʊ alɩwaatʊ maɣna cɛjɛsɩ 3,1. Pʊtʊnaa caɣyɛ kpata taa lɛ, ɛwɛ tɔnkɩsɩtɛnɩ tɛɛ nɛ ɛwɛtʊ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊnaa kɩɖɛzaa yɔ. Wiluu nɛ takɩɣ tʊma ndɩ ndɩ naalɛ taa pana pʊtʊ 106.
Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1974 mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ taa lɛ, Soviyetiki ñɩnɩyaa ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ ɖɩ-nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʊ kɔyɔ Gueorgui Fliorov kɛ pɩdaa yɔɔ ñɩnɩyaa sukuli kɩkpɛndʊʊ taa Doubna tɛtʊ taa tɔŋ se palaba agbele nɔɔyʊ nɛ ɛ-tɛ ilimiye ñʊʊ kɔyɔ 259 nɛ pekpekiɣ se pɩkɛʊ sɩbɔrgɩyɔm 260.
Mbʊ pɩkɛwa se Amerika ɛyaa tʊma yɔɔ pɛlɛɛ tisiɣ mbʊ lɛ, papa tɔ se payaa pʊtʊ ɛnʊ sɩbɔrgɩyɔm pɩlɩna kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ Glenn T. Seaborg yɔɔ. Hɩɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɔna ndɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ sakɩyɛ mbʊ pɔyɔɔ yɔ Seaborg tɩtɩŋa kaawɛ ɛtaatɩɩ sɩbɩta. Kedeŋga kpeekpe ŋgbɛyɛ sɔsɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ ñɔtɔŋ se pɩɩwɛ se Berkeley nɛ Doubna wiluu nɛ takɩɣ tʊma ɛtɛyɩ pʊtʊ ɛ-natʊ kɩhɛyʊʊ liidiye pɩnaɣ 1992.
Uzibekistanɩ
Uzibekistanɩ kɛna Azii ilemiye nɛ hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊt taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ. Ajɛya wena acɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ata yɔ anaa yɔ: Kazakistanɩ, Kirgizitanɩ, Tajikistanɩ, Afganistanɩ nɛ Turkimenistanɩ.
Pamaza Siirii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ 447 400 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe takɩlɩ ɖɔʊ nɛ pɩmakʊɣna ɛzɩ 4,9 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Pɩnaɣ 2015 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 31 025 500 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yee pakalɩɣ ɛyaa km2 taa kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ 60 yɔ. Kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ 31 wiye pɩnaɣ 1991 kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ ɛlɛ salaŋ fenaɣ kacalaɣ wiye pɩnaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ pɔtɔkɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ kazandʊ. Payaɣ Uzibekistanɩ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ se Chavkat Mirziyoyev nɛ ɛ-tɛ komina yɔɔ cɔnayʊ se Abdulba Oripov.
Kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ɩnʊʊ lɛ Uzbɛk nɛ ruusii. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Taskɛntɩ nɛ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩna walanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Pɩnaɣ 2007 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa 2,7 yɔ. Yee ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛyaa nɔɔyʊ kɛ kaŋgalafu yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛma +998 ɛ-tɛ kaŋgalafu kpata yɔɔ pʊcɔ ŋɛ ɛɛma pɩtɛ ɛyʊʊ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ.
Liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkɩ-ɖɩ peeɖe yɔ payaɣ-ɖɩ se sum.
Nondɔʊ yaa ŋgandɩyɛ
Nondɔʊ yaa ŋgandɩyɛ kɛna hɩlaɣ ŋga pohosu ka-taa kujosu nɛ heelim lɩʊ nɛ piwiu yɔ. Ɛlɛ ŋgandɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ poluba-ɖɩ nɛ ñɩɩyʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se kiwiviri yɔ. Tɛyɩtʊ ndʊ tɩwɛ ŋgandɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ aŋganda lɛɛna yɔ, mbʊ lɛ nɔɔ yɔɔ kaɖɩyɛ nɖɩ pahʊlʊna yɔ. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ pɔŋ weyi patʊla yɔ ɩwɛ kuluŋgulu nɛ paahʊlʊ nɛ pɛlɛɣzʊ-ɩ lɛ, heelim mbʊ pɩlɩɣna ɩ-taa yɔ ɩwɛ leleŋ kɛ nɩʊ yaa welesu taa.
Ŋgandɩyɛ kɩfaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ payaɣ-ɖɩ wendu ndɩ ndɩ kalʊ taa yaa papɩzʊ payaa-ɖɩ nɛ pala kɛlɛm kɛlɛm kanahaŋ, kɩlɩzɩm kɛ kɛlɛm kɛlɛmna taa kɩɖɔmaa yaa ɛzɩ kɛlɛm kɛlɛmna taa nɔɔ mazɩtʊ taa. Paakɩlʊ-kʊ hʊlʊ kɛ wendu ndʊ payaaɣ-tʊ se jaazi yɔ tɩ-taa.
Francis Bacon
Palʊna Francis Bacon kɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 22 pɩnaɣ 1561 kɛ Lɔndrɩ tɛtʊ taanɛ ɛsɩ tɛtʊ kʊdʊmtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa pɩnaɣ 1626 ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 65. Francis Bacona kɛ Aŋgilisi ɛjaɖɛ taa ñɩnɩyʊ nɛ ñʊʊtaa maɣzɩm lɔnzɩɖɛ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ.
Ɛñɩnʊ taa lɛ ɛlɩza lɩmaɣzɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ pɩlɩɩnna lɔnzɩnɖɛ kpɛlɛkʊ yɔɔ nɛ ɛlʊʊ kpalaahosi nzɩ sɩ-yɔɔ pʊwɛɛ se ɛyʊ ɛtɩŋna nɛ ɛpɩzɩ ɛna mbʊ ɛñɩnʊ yɔ camɩyɛ yɔ. Kacalaɣ lɛ ɛwɛ Aŋglɩtɛɛrɩ maalikanaa tʊma ɖɩlaɖɛ pʊcɔ ɛkɛʊ ɛjaɖɩ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa tɔmhʊya ñʊʊtʊ. Ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 57 lɛ paha-ɩ samtʊ nimiye. Payaɣ ɛ-caa se Nicholas Bacon (1509 - 1579) nɛ e-ɖoo kɔyɔ Nichalas halʊ kɩlɛlʊ nɛ payaɣ Anne Cooke.
'Nimiye
Nimiye kɛna tɔndʊ ndʊ pakpaɣ nɛ pamɩlɩtɩ mɩlɩlɩ nɛ paɖalɩ camɩyɛ yɔ. Palʊ nima yɔ, palʊ se pɔhɔkɩna nabʊyʊ ɛzɩ ɖasɩ yɔ yaa mbʊ ɛyʊ sɔɔla se pɩwɛkpɛm yɔ. Mbʊ papɩzʊ palʊna nima yɔ pʊɖɔɔ nɛ pɩ-taa kɔyɔ: tatʊ, tɔbɔtɔ taya, kaalɔka, tɛtɛ kpɩna tɔna,  ansayɩ kpaakpa hatʊ, pɩsatʊ pɔtɔʊ nɛ malʊ nima ɖɔɖɔ, pɩñtʊ, tɩŋ pɔɔya lɛŋ ñɩna. Mbʊ palʊɣana nima ɖooo caanaʊ taa yɔ pɩɩkɛ mbʊpotolu yɔ, mbʊ pɩwɛ keteŋga yɔɔ yɔ. Teŋgu yɔɔ tɔmlaɖa cɔlɔ lɛ nima sɔsɔna naayɛ wɛɛ nɛ payaɣ alɛ se mɛlɛ nima nɛ lɛɛna lɛ kihɔkɩnaʊ. Weyi ɛlʊ nima yɔ payaɣ-ɩ se nima lʊyʊ.
Kɩmaŋ wɛʊʊ
Kɩmaŋ wɛʊʊ, tʊzʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa pɩkɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa panaɣ tɔm lɛɛzʊʊ kʊyʊntʊ yaa sakɩyɛ yɔ. Pɔtɔŋ se pañɩnɩ ɖeyi ɖeyi ñʊŋ lɛ, pɩkɛ nɔmɔʊ ñɩnʊʊ mbʊ papɩzɩ pehiɣ lɛɛzɩyʊ tovonum tʊ yɔ. Lɛɛzɩyʊ ɛnʊ papɩzɩɣ paya-ɩ se paasɩŋɩ-ɩ. Ɖeyi ɖeyi wɛʊʊ pɩzɩɣ pɩwɛna wɛtʊ naa sakɩyɛ nɛ panaɣ-wɛ tʊzʊʊ pilinzi ndɩ ndɩ taa, pɩkpɛndɩna lɛɣtʊ laɣsɩ naa taa kɛlɛ pɩlaɣsɩ tɛkpɛndɩ.
Ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ ndʊ palɩzɩ-tʊ Al-Khawarizmi takayaɣ taa mbʊ yɔ, ɛnʊ kɛna ñʊŋ kalʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ caa. Ɛyʊ nɔɔyʊ sɩba nɛ eyele piyaa naanaza kɛlɛ ɛtɛyɩ-wɛ ñɩm ɛzɩ pɔpɔzʊʊ yɔ.
Ɛzɩ ɖɩkpaɣ ndʊ ɖɩtɛma yɔɔdʊʊ yɔ, pamaʊ matʊ ndʊ kɩmaŋ wɛʊʊ mbʊ yɔ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ ɖeyi ɖeyi tɛyʊʊ ɖɩkɛ kʊyʊnɖɩyɛ nɛ kajalaɣ ndʊ.
Nɔɔnɔɔ anasaayɩ ñɩɣtʊ yɔɔ taʊʊ kɩlɩ wɛʊʊ ɖeu kɩmaŋ tɛyʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa. Wondu ndʊ palakɩna pʊ-tʊmɩyɛ yɔ yeki nɛ pehikiɣ mɛɛsaɣ tɛɛ masɩ kɩñɔzasɩ nɛ nzɩ kɛna kiɖe keem kɛ mɛɛsaɣ tɛɛ matʊ ɖeɖe nɔmɔŋ wɩlɩɣ takayasɩ ɖeɖe.
Aŋglɩkan Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ
Aŋglɩkan Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ, pɩkɛ Krɩstʊ cejewiye nɖɩ ɖɩtʊɣʊ ɖɩ-tɩ nɛ Room yɔ pɩnaɣ 1534, nɛ ɖɩwɛɛ pɩkɩlɩna Ɛŋglɩsɩ ajɛyɛ taa kɛnɛ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ ajɛyɛ wena Ɛŋglɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ kaacaɣ ajɛyɛ wena a-ñʊŋ yɔɔ yɔ a-taa. Yee ɖɩlɩ Kewiyaɣ kɩkpɛndaɣ ɛjaɖɛ taa kɔyɔ patasaɣ yaʊʊ ɛyaa mba se episkopalɩyɛɛ waa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Cejewiye nɖɩ ɖɩñɔɔ pɩtɩŋna Angletɛrɩ wiyaʊ Henri 8 tʊ yɔɔ, kpaɣɖʊ 9 alɩwaatʊ taa, se patʊɣʊ pa-tɩ nɛ papa pɩlɩna politiki lɩmaɣza naayɛ yɔɔ nɛ Ɛsɔ Tɔm kpɛlɛkʊʊ lɩmaɣza naayɛ yɔɔ mbʊ ɛzɩ ɛyʊ kʊyʊm kpaɖʊʊ ɛyaa lalaa kpeekpe keŋ keŋ paɣtʊ takayaɣ taa tɔm pɩnaɣ 1534 yɔ. Tɔmpiye aŋglɩkan lɩna latɛŋ hɛkʊ taa tɔmʊʊ nakʊyʊ cɔlɔ mbʊ se ecclesia anglicana, pañɩɣ niiye ɖɩ-yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1246, nɛ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ se Ɛŋglɩsɩ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ. Yʊsʊʊ tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ se aŋglɩkan yɔ wiyaʊ Henri 8 lubina-tʊ. Pʊwayɩ mbʊ yɔ kpaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 16 alɩwaatʊ taa mbʊ yɔ patalakɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ tɔmpiye nɖɩ siŋ ɛzɩ kpaɣ paɣtʊ takayasɩ taa Angletɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ mbʊ yɔ payaɣ-kʊ kɛlɛʊ se Church of England. Wiyaʊ Henri 8 tʊ kɛ Ɛnglɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ wɛɛ ekizi papa tɔm, ɛɛkpaɣ halʊ kɛ Cathérine Aragon tʊ pɩnaɣ 1509. Halʊ ɛnʊ ɛfɛyɩna-ɩ nɛ pɩɣa abalɩ pɩɣa, kɛlɛ ɛsɔɔlɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɛ-ɖaŋ Anne Boleyn, kɛlɛ etiyina takayaɣ nakayɛ papa pɩnaɣ 1527 nɛ ka-taa peeɖe lɛ ekizi ɛ nɛ ɛ-halʊ pɛ-tɛ nesi ɖɔkʊʊ tɔm. Ŋgʊ ɛɛhɛza kpataa Clément 7 tʊ lɩmaɣza ɛ-ñʊʊ taa pɩlɩna politiki tɔm ndɩ ndɩ yɔ, kɛlɛ ɛkpa ɛ-tɩ nɛ ɛpɩsɩ cɔɔcɩ ñʊʊ tʊ nɛ kewiyaɣ ñʊʊ tʊ Ɛŋglɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛlɛ ekizi ɛgbaɣdɩyɛ ɛ nɛ Room taa ɛyaa.