cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Tɩtanɩyɔm
Pɩ-tɛ natʊ tɩwɛ ndɩ nɛ ndʊ Martin Heinrich Klaproth na pɩnaɣ 1795 alɩwaatʊ taa ɛlɛ kaakɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩɣ takɩɣ wɩlɩyʊ Perlɛɛ sukuli kɩtɛzɩɣ taa, nɛ ɛna ɖɔɖɔ ñɩɣlɩm wonuu kʊyʊmʊ ŋgʊ. Ŋgʊ ɛlakaɣ tʊmɩyɛ schörlite kɩsɛmʊʊ yɔɔ, ŋɣu ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ pasɩma-kʊ se pɩkɛ tɩtanɩyɔm wonuu ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, peeɖe ɛtɛzɩna se ñɩɣlɩm tɛtɛɛ wonuu ŋgʊ patatɩɩ sɩmda yɔ kɩkɛ kʊyʊmʊʊ nɛ Gregor ñɩŋʊ. Mbʊ ɛya-ɩ ɛ-hɩɖɛ nɔɔnɔɔ ñɩnɖɛ se tɩtanɩyɔm, palɩzɩɣ-ɖɩ nɛ krɛkɩ kpeeu lɩmaɣza taa. Berzelius lɩzɩna-ɩ eyeke pɩnaɣ 1825 taa.
Kpɛlɩ pɩyʋʋ pɩlʋʋ kpata
Kpata ŋgʊ kɩtɛ labʊ wɛʊ yɔ Rusii kpɛlɩ tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa labɩna-kʊ, Dmitri Mendeleïev, wyi pɩnaɣ 1869 alɩwaatʊ taa, ɛma taabɩlɩ nakʊyʊ, kɩwɛ ndɩ ŋgʊ sɔnɔ palakɩ-kʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ yɔ ɛlɛ, kɩwɛɛ ɛzɩ ɛ-ñɩŋʊ yɔ, nɛ kɩ-lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kaakɛ se papɩlɩ ɖeyi ɖeyi pʊtʊnaa mba paasɩma wɛɛ kɩbɩna taa nɛ pɩsa nɛ pañɩɣ nesi pɛ-tɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ caɣyɛ yɔ, patɩlɩ pʊtʊnaa mba pataatɩɩsɩnda yaa pɩɩsaɣ se patɩlɩ-wɛ yɔ, halɩ pɔyɔɔdɩ cee yɔɔ pʊtʊna nabɛyɛ wɛtʊ naa mba patatɩɩtɩlɩda.
Caɣyɛ kpata ŋgʊ pɔñɔɔza-kʊ tam sakɩyɛ ɖooo mbʊ yɔ nɛ pʊcɔ kʊwɛ ɛzɩ mbʊ sɔnɔ ɖɩsɩma-kʊ yɔ. Kɩpɩsa ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe taa kɩkɛdɩnaʊ nɛ kɩyɔɔ peeɖe tomnasi ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɛ kpɛlɩ wɛtʊ tɩŋa lɩɣna. Ɖooo palɩzɩɣ UICPA kamaɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 28 pɩnaɣ 2016 yɔ, kɩ-wɛtʊ wɛna pʊtʊnaa 118, kpaɣ nɛ ɩdɩrɔgɛnɩ 1H ŋkɔɔ ŋtalɩ okaneson 118Og.
2013
Pɩnaɣ 2013 kɛ pɩnaɣ 2013 ñɩŋga kɛ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ yɔ. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kʋɖʋm taa lɛ, pɩnaɣ 2013 kɛŋna hiu nɛ naadozo ñɩŋga. Kɛwɛ pɩnzɩ 2012 nɛ 2014 hɛkʋ taa. =2013 taa lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ = Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ sɩnɛ yɔ sɩlaba :
Ndaatʊ
Ndaatʊ klɛna lɩm mbʊ pɩwɛ ɛyʊ nɔɔ taa yɔ. Wezu ajɔɔla naayɛ kɔŋnana ndaatʊ kɛ ɛyʊ yaa tɛtɛ kpɩna sakɩyɛ taa. Ɛyʊ yaa tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ nɔɔ taa ndaatʊ ɛfɛyɩ kɔ yɔ pɩɩsaŋ ɛtɔɔ tɔɔnaɣ. Ɛyʊʊ yɔ, ndaatʊ ɛtaawɛ ɛ-nɔɔ taa ɖɔɖɔ kɔyɔ ɛɛtaayɔɔdʊ. Tɛtɛ kpɩna naayɛ ndaatʊ ñɛkɛ sim kpem nɛ payaɣ-tʊ se sɔtʊ. Tɛtɛ kpɩna ana a-taa kɔyɔ hasɩ, pɩyaŋ, tɩkpayɩŋ, ahuwa, ɖomaa yaa tɛtɛ kpɩna wena awɛna kela nɛ atɔkɩ nandʊ yɔ.
Ɛyʊ tɛ ndaatʊ taa nɛ kʊlu ʊdasɩ sakɩyɛ nɛ sɩlɩna nzʊlʊmɩyɛ taa. Nɔɔ taa mamaɣ wɛna wiɣ lɩm nɛ mbʊ payɣ se ndaalɩm. Ndaatʊ ndʊ papɩzʊ pakpaɣ ɛzɩ cɛbɩyasɩ nzɩ sɩ-yɔɔ ɛyʊ tɩŋgʊna nɛ ɛtɩlɩ ɛyʊ tɛ mbʊ payaɣ se ADN yɔ. Cɛkasɩ ñɩɩɩ ñɩɩ wa, kʊdɔmɩŋ sakɩyɛ pee nɛ tɛtɛ kpɩna sakɩyɛ tɩŋgɩna ndaatʊ yɔɔ nɛ paɖʊʊ ɛyaa taa kɛ pa-kʊdɔmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ. Nabʊyʊ taa lɛ fɛɛkɔcɔsɩ yaa pɔtʊ kpakʊɣna kʊdɔmɩŋ ɩnʊ nɛ ɩɖʊ-ɩ ɛyaa taa.
Ɛyʊ tɛ lɛ, ndaatʊ wazaɣ kɛlɛ se tɩtaa tɔɔnasɩ nzɩ ɛyʊ tɔkɩ yɔ nɛ pɩsa sitii lotaa. Nɔɔ taa peeɖe ndaalɩm mbʊ pɩtaɣ tɔɔnaasɩ nzɩ yɔ, si-taa nɛ anaɣm mbʊ payaɣ-pʊ se cɛŋgbɛ mʊlʊm yɔ, ndʊ yekina nɛ sɩyɔlʊʊ camɩyɛ. Pɩtɛkɛ tɔɔnasɩ hʊzʊʊ lɩm yeke kɛ ndaatʊ wazʊ. Ndʊ wɩlʊna ɛyʊ se tɔɔnaɣ kɛnɛ yaa kɛnɛ kɛwɛ leleŋyaa ñaŋ. Ndaatʊ libu kɛna mbʊ ɛyʊ pɩzɩu ɛla tataya taa yem yɔ. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, tɔɔnaɣ kɩpaŋga naʊ yaa kɔsɔzɩŋ nɩʊ pɩzʊ pɩhɔ ɛyʊ nɛ eli ndaatʊ.
Ɛyʊ pɩzʊ ɛcazɩ ndalɩm alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛtɔzʊ tɔm kɩpandʊ natʊyʊ yɔɔ yaa mbʊ pɩwɛ -ɩ kinaŋ kpem yɔ. Ñɩnɩyʊ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ lɔnzɩnɖɛ kpɛlɛkʊ wɩlʊ mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ. Payaɣ-ɩ se Pavlov. Ɛkpaɣ haɣ nɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pamakɩ ñɩɩyʊʊ lɛ, paɖʊ-kɛ tɔɔnaɣ nɛ pɩkɛdaa lɛ, pama ñɩɩyʊʊ ɛlɛ padaɖʊ tɔɔnaɣ nɛ panaɣ se haɣ ŋga kɛwɛɛ keliki ndaalɩm. Ndaatʊ yekina ɖɔɖɔ nɛ kela pʊʊtʊʊ kʊdɔŋ ɛkpaɣ-yɛ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ ndaatʊ taa wɛ lɩm nabʊyʊ kɔɖɩɩɩ tɩyɛ nɛ tɩɩhaɣ kʊdɔmɩŋ nʊmɔʊ se ɩcaɣ kela yɔɔ.
Bɛrkɛlɩyɔm
Bɛrkɛlɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 97 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Bk. Poluba-ɩ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1949 pɩlɩna Stanley G. Thompson, Glenn Theodore Seaborg, Kenneth Street nɛ Albert Ghiorso Berkeley Kaliforni sukuli kɛtɛzʊʊ taa. Kajalaɣ agbele ŋgʊ pɛlɛɛ-kʊ labʊ yɔ kɩɩwɛna ñʊʊ 243 nɛ kɩmʊkɩ ŋñɩɩ ŋñɩɩ kɛ ñɩɣtʊ 4,5 mbʊ yɔ. Paalaba agbele naa hiu lalaa ɖooo pitihiɣ. Pɩlɩna ɛzɩma ɛwɛ kɛtɛɖaɣ yɔɔ lɛ, bɛrkɛlɩyɔm tʊma tɔɖɔɔ tadɩyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa.
243Bk nɛ 246Bk kɛ pʊtʊna palaba-wɛ pɩtɩŋna pɔyɔkʊʊ amɛrɩsɩyɔm yaa kʊrɩyɔm ɛlɛ alɩfa kɔtɩɩ waa yɔɔ pɩtɩŋna. 247Bk pehiyi-ɩ pɩtɩŋna Cf laatriki miŋ yɔɔlʊʊ yɔɔ (ɛnɛ ɛnʊyɔ ɛlɩna pɔyɔkʊʊ kʊrɩyɔm 244 yɔ pɩtɩŋna alɩfa pɩyʊ kɔtɩɩ waa yɔɔ. Agbele pʊtʊnaa mba pakɩlɩ yuŋ yɔ palɩna plʊtɔnɩyɔm mancaɣ yem cɔlɔ.
Kalɩfɔrnii
Kalɩfɔrnii kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, Etaazunii pɔɔ sɔsɔɣa nakayɛ, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Sonora kañɩmbʊsaɣ piyele nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ pʊŋ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Klaamaatɩ yɔ ɛwɛna.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Los Angeles nɛ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩna walanzɩ nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ. Peeɖe pʊŋ kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ taa maɣna ɛzɩ mɛtanaa 884 pʊtɔbʊʊ se pamaaza sɔsɔʊ lɛ pɩkpɛnda mɛtanaa 4 421nɛ cikpeluu lɛ kʊ-kʊ tɛ kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ ñamaɣna mɛtanaa 86. Pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɩla kʊyʊʊ yɔ ŋgʊ lɛ Wiitnee.
Pamaza Kalɩfɔrnii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ 423 970 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe takɩlɩ ɖɔʊ nɛ pɩmakʊɣna ɛzɩ 20 037 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩmakɩɣna ɛzɩ 4,7 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Pɩnaɣ 2017 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa 39 536 653 yɔ.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yee pakalɩɣ ɛyaa km2 taa kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ 93 yɔ. Payaɣ Kaliifɔɔrnii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se: Gavin Newsom (D) nɛ ɛ-tɛ komina yɔɔ cɔnayʊ se Dianne Feinstein (D) Alex Padilla (D).
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊʊ lɛ aŋgilisi.
Kalɩfɔrnɩɩ nɛ hayɩ kiŋ
Kalɩfɔrnii nɛ hayɩ kiŋ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Hayʊ kiŋ lɛ, pʊŋ nɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ Pasifikii kujomuu hɔɔlʊʊ taa nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Siyeraa Nevaadaa wɛna nɛ peeɖe lɛ ɖɔm pee naayɛ wɛna kamaɣ fɛyɩ. Siŋŋŋ taa lɛ payaɣaʊ se Kalɩfɔrnii nɛ hayʊ kiŋ yɔ, pañɩnʊʊ paɖʊ tʊkaɣ tɛtʊ cikpetu ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Kalfɔɔnii yɔ nɛ lɛɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ tʊ se Kalfɔɔrnii nɛ hadɛ kiŋ yɔ a-hɛkʊ taa.
Rʊtɛrfɔrdɩyɔm
Rʊtɛrfɔrdɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 104 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Rf. Pɩnaɣ 1964 pɩdaa pee yɔɔ ñɩnɩyaa nabɛyɛ sukuli kɩkpɛndʊʊ nakʊyʊ taa (JINR) Doubna tɛtʊ taa wɩlɩɣ palaba kajalaɣ pʊtʊ 104. Labɩnaʊ pʊ-nɔmɔʊ taa lɛ Soviyetiki ñɩma ñanaza plʊtɔnɩyɔm hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊ pɩtɩŋna nazɩyʊ sɩɣlɩyaa yɔɔ, mba pɛwɛ ɖoŋ pɩtalɩ 113-115 Mev yɔ.
Kalɩfɔrnii
Kalɩfɔrnɩɩ nɛ hayɩ kiŋ
Kalɩfɔrnii nɛ hayʊ kiŋ kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ.
Rʊtɛrfɔrdɩyɔm
Pɩnaɣ 1969 lɛ, Berkeley sukuli ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Kaliforni kɩtɛzʊʊ yɔ kɩ-taa ñɩnɩyaa la pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛlɛ pɛkpɛndɩna kalɩfɔrnɩyɔm -249 nɛ karɩbɔnɩ -12. Ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩyɔɔdɩ se paapɩzɩ paɖanɩɣ paɣzʊʊ mbʊ Soviyetiki lɛɣtʊ tɩnaa kaalaba.
Kalɩfɔrnii
Kalɩfɔrnɩɩ nɛ hayɩ kiŋ
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Hayʊ kiŋ lɛ, pʊŋ nɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ Pasifiki Lɩŋamʋʋ hɔɔlʊʊ taa nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Siyeraa Nevaadaa wɛna nɛ peeɖe lɛ ɖɔm pee naayɛ wɛna kamaɣ fɛyɩ.
Rʊtɛrfɔrdɩyɔm
Pɩlɩna pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-hɩɖɛ haʊ yɔɔ pɩkɔna ndɔnjɔlɩyɛ sakɩyɛ. Soviyetiki ɛyaa papa se mba kaalɛna-ɩ naʊ kajalaɣ Doubna nɛ pɔpɔzɩ se paya-ɩ hɩɖɛ se dubnium (Db) yaa kurchatovium (palɩzɩ frasɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa kourchatovium yaa ɖeyi ɖeyi taa lɛ kourtchatovium, Ku), Igor Vassilievitch Kourtchatov hɩɖɛ ɖʊʊ yɔɔ, ɛlɛ kaakɛ Soviyetiki pɩdaa pee yɔɔ ñɩnɩyʊ sɔsɔ. Amerika ɛyaa papa se rʊtɛrfɔrdɩyɔm (Rf), pɩlɩna Ernest Rutherford hɩɖɛ ɖʊʊ yɔɔ.
UICPA kpaɣ mbʊ hɩɖɛ se unnilquadium (yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɔyɔ Unq), pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1997 nɛ lɩmaɣza lɛɛzɩ kpɛlɩ mbʊ nɛ paya-ɩ hɩɖɛ se rʊtɛrfɔrdɩyɔm nɛ pɩkɛ pʊtʊ 105 kɛlɛ pɛlɛzɩ-ɩ hɩɖɛ nɛ paya-ɩ se dʊbnɩyɔm
Kalɩfɔrnii
Kalɩfɔrnii nɛ hadɛ kiŋ
Kalɩfɔrnii nɛ hadɛ kiŋ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Mojavii nɛ Sonora kañɩmbusasɩ, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ lɛ Pasifiki kujomuu, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Etaazunii nɛ Mɛkɩzikii, piyele nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Tehajapii pʊŋ nɛ ɛlɛ ñɛwɛna Los Angelese nɛ kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ 110 yɔ.
Kalɩfɔrnii nɛ hadɛ kiŋ kɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna Kalfɔrnii tɛtʊ ndʊ wɛna nɛ hadɛ kiŋ yɔ. Ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ mbʊ yɔ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ natɔyʊ wɛɛ tɩpaɣlʊ peeɖe nɛ tɩpaɣlʊ nɛ tɩ-taa kɔyɔ Foniksii, Las Vegasii, Tijuwaana.
Kalɩfɔrnii nɛ hadɛ kiŋ kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Mojavii nɛ Sonora kañɩmbusasɩ, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ lɛ Pasifiki kujomuu, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Etaazuniinɛ mɛkɩzikii, piyele nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Tehajapii pʊŋ nɛ ɛlɛ ñɛwɛna Losɩ Anzelɛɛsɩ nɛ kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ 110 yɔ. Kalɩfɔrnii nɛ hadɛ kiŋ kɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna Kalfɔrnii tɛtʊ ndʊ wɛna nɛ hadɛ kiŋ yɔ. Ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ mbʊ yɔ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ natɔyʊ wɛɛ tɩpaɣlʊ peeɖe nɛ tɩpaɣlʊ nɛ tɩ-taa kɔyɔ Foniksii, Las Vegasii, Tijuwaana.
Ɛyʊtʊ wɛtʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ
Ɛyʊtʊ wɛtʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kɛ anasaayɩnaa tɛ tɛtʊ taa sɔnzɩ pɩlɩʊ nakʊyʊ. Ɛlɛ, Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa ɖeyi ɖeyi pacalɩ labʊ ɛyʊtʊ wɛtʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ. Palaba lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩɩ Italii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se Toscane yɔ tɩ-taa. Toovenum lɛ, ɖooo alɩwaatʊ ndʊ payaɣ se Renɛɛsansɩ (Renaissance) yɔ Toscane tɛtʊ paɣzɩ ɖɛʊ nɛ ɛsɩndaa pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa sɔnzɩ nɛ Krɛsɩ nɛ Room pɛ-ajɛya taa ñɩma sɔnzɩ lɩ ɖama siŋŋ. Ɛyaa mba palaba sukuli nɛ pɛɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa, pʊt-tɔbʊʊ se pɛ-ɛza kuli pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa yɔ, paasɔɔlɩ tɩlʊʊ siŋŋ hɔɔlɩŋ tɩŋa taa ; kɔzɩ kɔzɩ ɛyʊtʊ wɛtʊ tɩlʊʊ.
Pɔtɔma se ɛyʊ wɛna tɩlɩtʊ siŋŋ pɩfɛyɩ kamaɣ. Pɔyɔɔda se ɛyʊ tɩlɩtʊ pɩzɩɣ piyele nɛ ɛ-lakasɩ yaa ɛ-wɛtʊ wɛɛ camɩyɛ pɩŋŋ. Se ɛyʊ pɩzɩɣ ɛtɩŋna ɛ-tɩlɩtʊ yɔɔ nɛ ɛla tʊma kɩbana nɛ kedeŋa ɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Kajalaɣ ɛyaa mɛ-ɛza kulaa waa mba, paasɔɔlɩ kpem se mbʊ pasɩma yaa patɩlaa yɔ, pamɩzɩ-tʊ yaa pɛtɛyɩ-tʊ nɛ ɛyaa lalaa kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ. Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ nʊmɔʊ taa ɛyaa mba pɔtɔŋ se pʊwɛɛ se pɩtaakazɩ nɔɔyʊ kedeŋa kanɛ kɔ-yɔɔ se patatana-ɩ Ɛsɔtɔm. Se paa ɛyʊ ɛɛkɛ le tʊ yaa paa kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ ɛyɔɔdʊʊ kɔyɔ, pʊwɛɛ se patana-ɩ Ɛsɔtɔm. Pʊ-nʊmɔʊ taa Sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ se Lefèvre yɔ ɛlʊba siŋŋ nɛ ɛɖɛzɩ Ɛsɔtɔm takayaɣ nɛ fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa. Toovenum lɛ, Ebree ñɩma kʊnʊŋ taa paamana Ɛsɔtɔm. Pɩnaɣ 1523 ñɩŋga taa Sɔsɔ Lefèvre ɛnʊ ɛɖɛzɩ Ɛsɔtɔm ndʊ nɛ fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa.
Ɛsɔtɔm ɛtalɩ paa weyi kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ nʊmɔʊ taa ñɩnɩyaa sɔsaa mɛ-ɛzakulaa waa ɖɔŋ lʊbʊ se pɛɖɛzɩɣ-tʊ nɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ kpeekpe taa. Ɛyʊtʊ wɛtʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ piliŋa lʊkɩ siŋŋ se kedeŋa ñɩm ɛtalɩ paa le. Pɔtɔŋ se yee pɛkpɛlɩkɩ ɛyʊ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ, pɩhaɣ-ɩ waɖɛ nɛ ɛwɛɛ ɛ-tɩ yɔɔ kaalɛyɩtʊ. Pʊbʊ ɛtɩlɩɣ mbʊ ɛlakɩ yɔ, nɔɔyʊ ɛɛkpaɣ lɛlʊ nɛ ɖoŋ kɩkpaʊ se ɛla ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ pʊmʊna-ɩ se ɛla yɔ. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɛlɩzɩɣ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ mʊnɔʊ ŋgʊ ɛsɔɔlaa yɔ kaalɛyɩtʊ. Ɛyʊtʊ wɛtʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ piliŋa ñɩnɩ se paa weyi ɛwɛɛ tɩ-yɔɔ nɛ ɛla ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ kaalɛyɩtʊ. Piliŋa ŋga kalʊkɩ ɖɔɖɔ se kpeyuu ɛwɛɛ ɛyaa hɛkʊ taa.
2014
Pɩnaɣ 2014 kɛ pɩnaɣ 2014 ñɩŋga kɛ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ yɔ. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kʋɖʋm taa lɛ, pɩnaɣ 2014 kɛŋna hiu nɛ naanza ñɩŋga. Kɛwɛ pɩnzɩ 2013 nɛ 2015 hɛkʋ taa. =2014 taa lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ = Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ sɩnɛ yɔ sɩlaba :
Ariizonaa
Ariizonaa kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. Ariizonaa taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Foniksii nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ Ariizonaa nɛ tɩta yɔ tɩɖɔɔ nɛ tɩ-taa kɔyɔ: Kaliifɔrnii, Nevaadaa, Utaa, Niwu Mɛkɩziikii, Paasɩ Kaliifɔrnii, Sonooraa. Ariizonaa ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa ajɛya wena payaɣ-yɛ se Wɩsɩ tambaɖɛ yɔ a-taa mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, peeɖe tɩŋ hɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔŋna wɩsɩ paa ɛzɩmtaa yɔ, ɩwɛɛ sakɩyɛ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa ɖɔɔ sakɩyɛ. Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ peeɖe ajɛya wena a-taapʊŋ ɖɔ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ yɔ.
Pamaza Ariizonaa ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 295 254 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñbɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 294 309 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 945 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 0,32 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe maɣna ɛzɩ 134 853 km2 yɔ.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 48 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ 14 wiye pɩnaɣ 1912. Pɩnaɣ 2016 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa 6 931 071 yɔ nɛ yee pakalɩʊ ɛyaa kɛ kilomɛtanaa yɔɔ kɔyɔ, panaɣ -wɛ ɛzɩ 23 yɔ.
Payaɣ Ariizonaa ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Doug Ducey (R) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: John McCain (R) nɛ Jeff Flake (R).
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ aŋgilisi.
Fiodor Dostoïevski
Fiodor Mikhaïlovitch Dostoïevski kɛ Ruusi tʋ. Palʋla-ɩ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ niidozo (30) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1821 n̄ɩŋga taa. Mɔsɩkʋʋ tɛtʋ taa ɛsɩba kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ lutozo (28) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1881 taa Saint-Petersbourg tɛtʋ taa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ɛsɩba ɛ-pɩnzɩ nɩɩnʋwa nɛ hiu (60) ñɩnga taa. Fyodor Dostoyevsky laba tʋmɩyɛ yɔ, peeɖe payaɣ se Petɛsburgii kiɖeɖeu tɛtʋ taa.
Fiodor Mikhaïlovitch Dostoïevski kɛ takayasɩ mayʋ sɔsɔ siŋŋ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ ñʊʊtaa lɔŋsɩnɖɛ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛ-takayɩsɩ ɖukina pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ takayɩsɩ mayaa sɔsaa lalaa nɛ ñʊʊtaa lɔŋsɩnɖɛ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ sɔsɔ sakɩkɩyɛ tuɖe ajɛya taa. Ɛ-takayɩsɩ yeba nɛ pɩlɛɣzɩ maɣzɩm sɔsɔm ndɩ ndɩ hɔɔlɩŋ nɛ lona ndɩ ndɩ taa.
Fiodor Mikhaïlovitch Dostoïevski tɔɔ kʋn̄ɔŋ siŋŋ ɛ-pɩcatʋ taa. Ɛpaɣla ɛlɛ ɛsʊʊ sɔɔjɛɛtʊ. Pɔkɔɔ pakpa-ɩ paɖʋ salaka agoza fenaɣ taa, pɩnaɣ 1849 ñɩŋga taa. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ɛɛwɛ politiki ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩñɩnaɣ pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ ɛsɩnda wobunaʊ yɔ ɖɩ-taa. Pɩɩwɛɛ se pakaɣ-ɩ kʋʋ, ɛlɛ, pɔkɔɔ peyebi-i. Pɩwayɩ lɛ, ɛpɩsɩ sɔɔjanaa pɩlɩʋ taa tʋmlaɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Sɔɔjanaa pɩlɩʋ taa tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩɩ eyeba nɛ ɛpɩsɩ takayasɩ mayʋ.
Fiodor Mikhaïlovitch Dostoïevski kɛ naalɛ pɩɣa ɛ-caa cɔlɔ. Payaɣ ɛ-caa se Mikhaïl Andréiévitch Dostoïevski. Ɛ-caa ɛnʋ, ɛkɛ sɔɔjanaa fɛɖʋ sɔsɔ Mɔskʋʋ tɛtʋ taa. Fiodor Mikhaïlovitch Dostoïevski ɖoo payaɣ size Maria Fiodorovna Netchaïev. Esɔsɛya mba mba payaɣ-wɛ se Maacɔwaa yaa menze man-ɖaɣwaa nɛ payaɣ peeɖe se Alexander Neyiskii yɔ, peeɖe pepima-ɩ.
Lɛɛzɩyʊ
Paa ɛzɩmtaa lɛ payʊsʊʊ lɛɛzɩyʊ nɛ mayaɣ nakayɛ, nabʊyʊ taa latɛŋ masɩ kpata taa mayaɣ nakayɛ ɛzɩ x yaa y. Lɛɛzɩyʊ matʊ tʊnɛ yɔ y=f(x) pɔza lɛɛzɩyaa naalɛ, ñʊʊ kɩsʊsʊʊ xakʊyʊ x nɛ kɩlɩlʊʊ lɛɛkʊ y ɛlɛ kɛna palaba akɔnta lɛ mbʊ pehiɣa yɔ pɩlɩna sʊyʊ lɛɛzɩyʊ yɔɔ. Tɔmpiye lɛɛzɩyʊ lɩna ɛzɩma ɛwayɩ tʊ x ɛlɛza matʊ taa mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɛ-lɛzʊʊ y lɛɛzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ.
Palakɩ akɔnta nɛ pehikiɣ mbʊ yɔ pʊ-lona taa lɛ, nabʊyʊ taa nɛ pɩlɛzʊʊ yɔ lɛ pakpaɣ lɩmaɣza mbʊ se polu kulubu nɛ paya-wɛ lɛɛzɩyaa kɛlɛ pɛwɛna yʊsaɣ masɩ. Babylone tʊʊzʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa kpeɣ masɩ sɩnɛ V lɛ ɖɔʊ, h lɛ kʊkʊyʊmɩŋ, d tʊkaɣ kɛ ɖaɣlakɩŋ L nɛ walanzɩ l.
Tʊʊzʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ Moses Schönfinkel tɔŋ se papɩzɩɣ palɩzɩ tʊʊzʊʊ tʊma cɔɔlɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ yɔɔ nɛ lɛɛzɩyaa ɛɛwɛʊʊ pɩ-taa. Pɩlɩna pɩ-yɔɔ nɛ ɛlɩzɩ laɣsɩ nasɩyɛ yem nɛ paya-sɩ tamsʊʊ cɔlɩyɛ. Laɣsɩ nzɩ paɖanɩ-sɩ paɣzʊʊ nɛ pɛtɛzɩ-sɩ pɩtɩŋna Haskell Curry yɔɔ. Wɛtʊ ndʊ tɩtaa fɛyɩ kaɖɛ piŋ lɛɛzʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa kɛlɛ pilesaɣ natʊ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ pɩtasaŋ se pakalɩ camɩyɛ.
Anne Brontë
Palʊla Anne Brontë kɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 17 ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1820 kɛ Tɔmtonii tɛtʊ taa, Yɔrksiirii egeetiye taa nɛ ɛsɩ egeɣtiye kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 28 wiye pɩnaɣ 1849 ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 29. Ɛzɩ ɛgɔɔnaa Emily Brontë nɛ Charlotte Brontë ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, Anne Brontë kɛ kakayɩsɩ kɩkalasɩ mayʊ. Ɛkɛ Piritaaniki ɛjaɖɛ taa-tʊ nɛ ɛma takayɩsɩ kɩkalasɩ nzɩ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ Eŋgilisi taa kɛ ɛmana-sɩ.
Ɛma takayaɣ nakayɩ nɛ ɛyaa-kɛ se Agnes Grey nɛ ka-taa lɛ ɛyɔɔdɩ hɔŋ weyi ɩwɛ ñɩm kamaɣ feyɩ ɩ-tɔm. Hɔŋ weyi ɩwɛ ñɩm kamaɣ fɛyɩ mbʊ yɔ ɩɩcɔŋna piya yɔɔ ɛzɩma pʊpɔzaa yɔ. Ɛ-takayaɣ aalɛ ŋga taa lɛ ɛyɔɔda Wildfell Hall tɔm. Takayaɣ kanɛ ka-taa ɛma ɛ-ɖalʊ Branwell tɔm. Branwell ɛnɛ ɛna ɛ-halʊ paya-ɖama nɛ halʊ yeke cɛyʊna ɛ-tɩ nɛ ɛcɔŋna ɛna ɛ-pʊwa pɔ-yɔɔ. Ɛ-takayaɣ kɛnɛ kɛwɛ takayasɩ kacalaɣ ñɩnzɩ nzɩ pama-sɩ halʊ waɖɛ kandayʊ yɔɔ yɔ sɩ-taa nɛ palɩzɩ takayaɣ ŋga mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1848.
Ann kɛna tɩnɩʊ kɛ pɩya looɖo wayɩ. Ɛlɛ ɛ-kɔɔnaa naalɛ, Maria nɛ Elizabeth pasɩbɩna kpeziwɩlaɣ kʊdɔŋ. Grandɩ-Pretañɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, pazɩma Brontë cejewiye se ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa tɩŋga kɛ takayɩsɩ mayaa siŋŋŋ. Pɩnaɣ 1821 taa kɛ e-ɖoo, Maria Branwell Brontë, sɩba Pɩcɛɣɖɛ kʊdɔŋ yɔ Haworth tɛtʊ taa. Pɩɩlaba pɩnaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ paakpaʊ ɛ-caa, Patrick Brontë, se ɛkɛ layʊ sɔsɔ tɛɛ tʊ yɔ.
Siɣlɛŋgbɛm fɛyɩ tʊ
Kpɩna naayɛ wɛɛ, afɛyɩna siɣlɛŋgbɛm waa. Kpɩna ana payaɣ se siɣlɛŋgbɛm fɛyɩ tɩnaa. A-taa sakɩyɛ fɛyɩnɩ ɖɔɖɔ mɔɔ a-tomnasɩ taa.
Voltaire
François-Marie Arouet sɛna hɩɖɛ yaa paɖana yaʋ hɩɖɛ size Voltaire kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ yɔ ɖɩ-tɛtʋ taa pɩɣa yaa Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛtʋ taa ɛyʋ yaa ɖɩ-tɛtʋ taa tʋ. Ɛkɛ abalʋ weyi ɛfɛyɩ felendu kpataa yɔ. Ɛsɔɔla n̄ɩnʋʋ paa alɩwaatʋ ndʋ lɛɛ tovonum nɩmɔʋ. Ɛwɛ lɔŋ ɛzɩ pʋyʋ yɔ. Ɛkɛ abalʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ kɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa peeɖe.
Siɣlɛŋgbɛm fɛyɩ tʊ
Siɣlɛŋgbɛm fɛyɩ waa tuu tataa kutuu. Ɛlɛ, kpɩna wena azɛnɩ siɣlɛŋgbɛm waa yɔ, alɛ ɖɔŋ a-nɩŋgbanzɩ yɔɔ. Tɛtɛ kpɩna ɖɔŋ naŋgbanzɩ naanza yɔɔ. Ɛyʊ n̂ɔɖɔŋ naŋgbanzɩ naalɛ yɔɔ. Sumasɩ ñakʊyʊʊ ɛsɔdaa.
Voltaire
Samaɣ yaa sakɩyɛ tɔŋ size, plʋla ɖajaa sɔsɔ Voltaire ɛnʋ kɛ kamɩŋ fenaɣ taa kɛ evemiye yaa kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kʋɖʋmʋ yaa hiŋ naalɛ nɛ kʋɖʋmʋ (21) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye kɛ pɩnaɣ 1694 n̄ɩŋga taa. Egeetiye kʋlʋlɩyɛ yaa lone ɖeɖe ndɩ ɖɩ-taa palʋla-ɩ yɔ, nɖɩ payaɣ size Paarii.
Siɣlɛŋgbɛm fɛyɩ tʊ
Siɣlɛŋgbɛm fɛyɩ waa taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ mukuuliŋ, atanikasɩ nɛ sonzoo ndɩ ndɩ. Tɛtʊ siɣlɛŋgbɛm waa mʊʊ nɛ pacakɩ wewuu. Wezuu kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɩlɩyʊ sɔsɔ, ɖajaa Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck n̂ɩnɩnɩ nɛ ɛna se siɣlɛŋgbɛm waa tomnasɩ wɛ ndɩ kpem nɛ kpɩna lɛɛna. Po-tomnasɩ wɛ ɖɔɖɔ ndɩ nɛ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ. Ɖajaa Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck kɛ Fransɩɩ tʊ.
Voltaire
Ɛlɛ, ɖajaa sɔsɔ François-Marie Arouet tɔŋ ɛ-maɣmaɣ nɛ ɛ-kaŋ n̄ʋʋ size, tovonum taa lɛ, palʋla ɛnʋ evemiye yaa kɩyakʋ ŋgʋ nɛ fenaɣ ŋga ka-taa yɔ, sakɩyɛ tatɩlɩ. Ɛ-tɔŋ size keeke taa lɛ, kɔlaɣ fenaɣ taa kɛ evemiye yaa kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ yaa hiŋ naalɛ (20) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye kɛ pɩnaɣ 1694 n̄ɩŋga taa.
Siɣlɛŋgbɛm fɛyɩ tʊ
Pɩnaɣ 1806 taa ɖajaa Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck yɔɔdɩ tɔm nɛ pɩlɩɩnɩ tɛyɩtʊ ndʊ tɩwɛ siɣlɛŋgbɛm fɛyɩ tʊ nɛ ɛyʊ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa yɔ tɩ-yɔɔ. Ɛma takayaɣ nakɛyɩ nɛ ɛkɛdɩ ka-taa tɛyɩtʊ ndʊ tʊ-tɔm. Pɩnzɩ lutozo mpilim kɛ ɖaɖaa Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck kpaɣ nɛ ɛmanɩ ɛ-takayaɣ ŋga. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛma ɛ-kɛ kpaɣnɩ pɩnaɣ 1815 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩnɩ pɩnaɣ 1822 ñɩŋga taa. Ɛma ka-taa ɖɔɖɔ se tɛtɛ kpɩna wena afɛyɩnɩ siɣlɛŋgbɛm waa yɔ, aka liɖe.
Voltaire
Ɖajaa sɔsɔ François-Marie Arouet yaa Voltaire kɛ filozɔɔfʋ. Filozɔɔfʋ kɛ lɔnzɩnɖɛ tʋ sɔsɔ weyi ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ kɛlɛ size, ɛn̄ɩnɩ ɛyʋ yɔɔ lɩmaɣza yaa ɛyʋ yɔɔ lɔnzɩnɖɛ kpɛlɛkʋʋ yɔ. Ɖajaa Voltaire ɛnɛ, ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ, ɖɩ-n̄amsa kpaɖʋ yaa wɛɛ hiu nɛ lutozo (18). Sakɩyɛ yaa samaɣ tɩla-ɩ lɛɣlɛ yaa lɔŋ nɛ ɛ-tʋma kɩbana ana a-labʋ. Ɖɩtaasɔɔ size ɛkɛ takayasɩ mayʋ ɖɔɖɔ tʋmɩyɛ laɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋʋ kɛ Fransɩɩ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa peeɖe.
Siɣlɛŋgbɛm fɛyɩ tʊ
Pɩnaɣ 2005 ñɩŋga taa pañɩnaa nɛ patɩlɩ tɛtɛ kpɩna ndɩ ndɩ ñʊʊ. Pañɩnaa lɛ, pana se atalɩ ɛgbɔʊ 1,7 halɩ pɩtalɩ ɛgbɔʊ 1,8 mbʊ yɔ. Tɛtɛ kpɩna ana a-taa lɛ, siɣlɛŋgbɛm waa fɛyɩ tɩnaa talɩ ɛzɩ 990 mbʊ yɔ. Kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ tɛtɛ kpɩna wena afɛyɩnɩ mɔɔ cikpena nɛ hosi ndɩ ndɩ a-tomnasɩ taa yɔ, atalɩ ɛzɩ 360 000 mbʊ yɔ.
Piyele tɛtɛ kpɩna wena alɛ wɛnɩ mɔɔ sɔsɔna nɛ cikpena nɛ hosi ndɩ ndɩ nɛ lila ndɩ ndɩ yɔ, a-tomnasɩ taa yɔ, alɛ kpɛndɩ ceeka 45 000.
Klarinɛɛtɩ
Klarinɛtɩ kɛna hɩlaɣ nakɛyɩ nɛ kaɖaʊ ɖalaɣ lʊʊʊ nɛ kɛwɛ kulukulu ɖaalakɩŋ yɔɔ yee patakɩlɩ-kɛ canʊʊ ɛzɩ lɛɛsɩ yɔ yɔ. Weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Johann Christoph Denner (1655-1707) yɔ, ɛnʊ lubina-kɛ  Nurambɛrgi tɛtʊ taa (Caama) pɩnaɣ 1690.
Ɛlɛ hɩlaɣ nakayɩ kɛ ɛcɔna nɛ ɛsaɣ-kanɛ ɛnʊ. Hɩlaɣ ŋga ɛcɔnaa yɔ, payaɣ-kɛ se luuja yaa tɛyɛ hɩlaɣ yaa ɖɔɖɔ feɖe.
Hɩlaɣ kanɛ hendu tewu siŋŋŋ taa lɛ, ka-yaʊ taa lɛ, mayaɣ ŋga payaɣ se si♭ yɔ ŋga pakɩlɩʊ labɩnaʊ tʊmɩyɛ. Hɩsɩ nzɩ payaɣ-sɩ nɔɔ yɔɔ yɔ, sɩ-taa payɩ lɛ klarinɛtɩ kɩlɩʊ wiluu hoŋŋhoŋŋ nɛ kɩwɛna hola ɛzɩ nanaza yɔ nɛ hola yaa cɛcɛsɩ kiwiwisi cikpesi ɛzɩ looɖo yɔ yaa ɛzɩ wendu masɩ ɛzɩ 45 yɔ.
Fanadɩyɔm
Fanadɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 23 nɛ Yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa V. Pɩkɛ ñɩɣlɩm wonuu ŋgʊ kɩtɔtɔyɩ yɔ, kɩwɛ kpɩzɩŋ nɛ tɛyɩŋ nɛ pana-ɩ nɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ natʊyʊ naa taa. Pakɩlɩ-ɩ tʊmɩyɛ labɩnaʊ kpɛndʊʊ ñɩɣyɩŋ taa. Fanatɩyɔm kɛ ñɩɣlɩm wonuu kʊlʊmʊʊ, kɩñɩlɩsɩɣ, kɩwɛ kpɩzɩŋ nɛ tɛyɩŋ. Pɩkɛ ñɩɣlɩm wonuu ŋgʊ kɩɩpʊkɩ yɔ paa ɖʊʊyʊ wonduu kaawɛ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ paa kɩlɔrɩ wonuu ɛsɩndaa yaa sʊfɩrɩ wonuu ɛsɩndaa kɔyɔ.
Fanadɩyɔm hiɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlɩna Vanadis waa tɛ Dís, hɩɖɛ lɛɛɖɛ se Freyja, sɩkandɩnafɩ maamɩ keɖeɣa tʊ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛ nɛ ɛnʊ ɛwɛna keɖeɣa wondu ndʊ tɩwɛna tɔlɩm sakɩyɛ. Andrés Manuel del Rio ñɩnɩna nɛ ɛna pʊtʊ ɛnʊ, ɛɛkɛ tɛtɛɛ ñɩɣlɩm wondu tʊmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ, ɛ-tɛ nɛ Ɛsɩpañɔlɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, Mexico tɛtʊ taa pɩnaɣ 1801. Kɛlɛ ɛya-ɩ hɩɖɛ se Pʊlɔɔ huluu sɛmɩŋ ñɩŋʊ (ɛnʊ payaɣ nɔɔnɔɔ se fanadɩnɩtɩ). Ɛ-tɛ ñɩnɩɣ nɔmɔʊ taa ɛna sɛmɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛlɩna krom cɔlɔ, nɛ ɛya pʊtʊ ɛnʊ panchromium.
Julius Kambarage Nyerere
Ɖajaa Julius Kambarage Nyerere, palʋla-ɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ naadozo (13) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1922 taa. Palʋla-ɩ Butiama tɛtʋ taa. Butiama tɛtʋ wɛ Tanzanii ɛjaɖɛ nɛ hayi kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Londres tɛtʋ taa Ɖajaa Julius Kambarage Nyerere sɩba aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ naanza (14) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1999 ñɩŋga taa. Londres tɛtʋ kɛŋna Aŋglɩtɛɛrɩ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ.
Fanadɩyɔm
Ɛtakɩlɩ ɖoŋ, fanatɩyɔm kɛ ŋñɩɩtɩɩ pɩyʊ nɛ ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ pʊtʊ kɩjɛyɩɣ tʊ nɔyʊ pɩdɩŋ nɩɩyɛ taa. Yuŋ nɛ kelema wɛ cɛyɩtʊ piŋ nɛ palʊkɩn-ɩ nɛ pɛ-tɛ paɣlaka nɛ lʊlʊʊ yɔɔ. Paɖɩna kpɛlɛkʊʊ se fanatɩyɔm ɛpɩsɩ kɔyɛ nɛ paalaʊbɩna sikiri kʊdɔŋ.
Fanatɩyɔm tatɩɩ ɖɔʊ teŋgʊ lɩm taa (kpaɣ kʊyʊm ŋtalɩ 3μg lita kʊyʊmʊʊ yɔɔ), ɛzɩ ɖɔɖɔ 1,22 μg lita kʊyʊmʊʊ yɔɔ kɛ Laurent Kiɖeɖeu lɩm ɛwadɩyɛ nzʊlɩmɩyɛ taa nɛ 1,19 μg lita kʊyʊmʊʊ yɔɔ Atlantiki Hayi yɔɔ kiŋ taa yaa 1,2 ŋtalɩ 1,8 μg lita kʊyʊmʊʊ kɛ Sargasse teŋgʊʊ taa, 1,53 ŋtalɩ 2,03 μg lita kʊyʊmʊʊ kɛ Pasifiki lɩŋgamʊʊ taa.
Julius Kambarage Nyerere
Ɖajaa Julius Kambarage Nyerere kɛ politiki laɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ Tanzanii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛlɩna Zanaki samaɣ liɖe taa.
Fɩyɛtɩnamɩyɛ kʊnʊŋ
Fɩyɛtɩnamɩyɛ kɛ Fɩyɛtɩnaam ɛjaɖɛ tɛ kewiyaɣ kʊnʊŋ. Kɩlɩna Mon-Khmer pɩlɩŋga taa osɩtroazɩyatɩkɩ kʊnʊmɩŋ taa. Fɩyɛtɩnamɩyɛ kɛ osɩtroazɩyatɩkɩ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩnɩyaa ɖɔɣ sakɩyɛ nɛ kɩcɛzɩ tam hɩʊ kɛ Khmer ŋgʊ ngʊ kɩ-kɛ naalɛ ŋgʊ. Kɩ-kɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ kiyeke yɔ nɛ kɩwɛna nɔɣ tomiye kʊyʊmɖɩyɛ yɔ nɛ kɩwɛna nɔɣ tiliʊʊ tɛ wɛtʊ tam loɖo. Ɖɩkpaɣ Fɩyɛtɩnaam samaɣ kɔyɔ mba palʊlɩ-wɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa nɛ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ yɔ pɛkpɛndʊʊ ɛzɩ hiʊ waa lutozo nɛ kɩgbanzɩ mɩnɩʊ yɔ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ miiliyɔɔ waa naalɛ ajɛyɛ lɛɛna taa. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛ kewiyaɣ maɣmaɣ tɩla se kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ maʊ kpata lɩna Jésuite Alexandre de Rhode pɩnaɣ 1651 kɛ Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum taa.
Julius Kambarage Nyerere
E-politiki labʋ nʋmɔʋ taa ɛkɔma ɛpɩsɩ Tanzanii ɛjaɖɛ Minisi waa nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʋ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1960 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩnɩ pɩnaɣ 1961 taa. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, ɛkɔɔ ɛkɛ Tanzanii ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ kpaɣna aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ nakʋ (29) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1964 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩnɩ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ kagbaanzɩ (5) wiye, pɩnaɣ 1985 taa.
Fɩyɛtɩnamɩyɛ kʊnʊŋ
Fɩyɛtɩnamɩyɛ wɛ Fiet-muong kʊnʊmɩŋ tɛ agbeela taa mon-khmer pɩlɩŋga taa osɩtroazɩyatɩkɩ kʊnʊmɩŋ cejewiye taa. Patɩlɩʊʊ Fɩyɛtɩnamɩyɛ kʊnʊŋ se kɩ-kɛ mon-khmer yɔ pɩtalɩ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩʊ nɛ nɩnʊwa. Kɔnaɣ tʊ weyi ɛtamsɩ Fɩyɛtɩnamɩyɛ kʊnʊŋ nɛ mon-khmer kʊnʊmɩŋ yɔ ɛnʊ lɛ, James Richardson Logan pɩnaɣ 1852. Sɔnɔ yɔ tʊma sakɩyɛ wɛ pɩlɩna hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa.
Julius Kambarage Nyerere
Sɔnɔdaa, Katolika Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ŋgbɛyɛ taa ñɩma ɖɔŋa ñɩnʋʋ se pana se Ɖajaa Julius Kambarage Nyerere kɛ ɛyʋ kiɖeɖeu yaa ɛtɛkɛ-ɩ.
Payaɣ Ɖajaa Julius Kambarage Nyerere caa se Burito Nyerere. Ɛlɛ kɛ Zanaki liɖe taa ñɩma tɛ wiyaʋ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛ-caa kpaɣ halaa sakɩyɛ. Payaɣ ɛ-caa ɛnʋ ɛ-pɩɣa lɛɛka se Julius Mugaya.
Aŋglɩtɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ kakpacɛyɩna Tanzanii ɛjaɖɛ. Aŋglɩtɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ñɩma sɔɔlɩ kpem se powona piya tɩŋa sukuli. Sukuli wɩlʋʋ nʋmɔʋ taa lɛ, Ɖajaa Julius Kambarage Nyerere sɩma pɩ-tɛ lɛɣtʋ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ.
Bahayɩsɩm
Bahayɩsɩm pɩkɛ Abrɩham Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɛ pɩkɛ ɖɔɖɔ Ɛsɔ kʊyʊm tɛɛ luŋuu tɛ ɛyaa mba posusuu maɣzɩm kʊyʊmʊm tɛ tɔm yɔ. Ɛyaa mba pɛkɛ pɩ-tɛ mʊyaa yɔ tɔŋ pa-tɩ se kedeŋa kpeekpe Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛ ɛyaa wɛ paale nɛ pɛwɛɛ pa-tɩ yɔɔ yɔ.
Persan ɛyʊ ɛnɛ yɔ Mīrzā Ḥusayn-ʿAlī Nūrī kɛna pɩ-tɛ kiɖe ɖʊyʊ (pɩnzɩ 1817 ŋtalɩ 1892) kɛ pɩnaɣ 1863 alɩwaatʊ taa. Hɩɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlɩna hɩɖɛ kɩsɛsɛyɛ nɖɩ paaha ɖi-kiɖe ɖʊyʊ Bahāʾ-Allāh (ceu kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se Ɛsɔ samtʊ yaa Ɛsɔ tɛ mʊntʊsʊʊ kiɖeɖeu. Baha’is kɛ Bahāʾ-Allāh tɔm mʊyaa.
Sayyid Kāẓim sɩba lɛ, ɛlɛzɩyʊ Šayḫ Aḥmad mʊ e-kewiyitu kɛlɛ ɛpɩsɩ sukuli ñʊʊ tʊ, kɛlɛ ɛ-tɛ tɔm mʊyaa taa lalaa ɖɛɛ se pañɩnɩ ɛyʊ kɩfalʊ weyi ɛpɩzɩɣ se ɛɖɛɛ nɔɔ pɛ-ɛŋgbɛyɛ yɔ. Pe-cejewiye paɣtʊ taa lɛ, pa-taa mʊyʊ lɛlʊ Mullā Ḥusayn lɩɩna pɩ-tɛ lɩmaɣza kɛ Chiraz tɛtʊ taa ɛla kɩyakɩŋ hiŋ nanaanza nɛ ɛwɛɛ atɩma yɔɔ nɛ ɛhɔkɩ nɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ.
Ɛlɩna ɛ-nɔmɔʊ nɛ ɛtalɩ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 22 pɩnaɣ 1844 lɛ, Mullā Ḥusayn talɩ ɛyʊ nɔɔyʊ tɛ nɛ ɛlɛ mʊyɩ camɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Kɛlɛ ɛlɛ ñɔpɔzɩ-ɩ se ɛnɩɩ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ ɛ-nɔmɔʊ yɔ, kɛlɛ ɛtɔŋ pʊwɛ ɛzɩ ɛkɛʊ ɛyʊ weyi ɛnʊ ñɩnʊʊ yɔ. سيد علی محمد شیرازی (Sayyid ʿAlī Muḥammad Šīrāzī0) (aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 20 pɩnaɣ 1819 ŋtalɩ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ nakʊ pɩnaɣ 1850) lɛ, nɔɔyʊ ɛlɛ ñalɩna Chiraz Iranɩ ɛjaɖɛ kɔɔ ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 25 nɛ ɛtɔŋ se ɛkɛ Ɛsɔ ɛyʊ kɩfalʊ nɔɔyʊ nɛ ɛkɛ Mahdi. Kpaɣ nɛ mbʊ paya-ɩ se باب (Bāb0) (pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se nɔnɔɔ) kɛlɛ pakʊyɩ nɛ hɔzʊʊ pɩtɩŋna Iran sɔsaa yɔɔ.
Ɖɩjaɣyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ
Ɛyʋ tɛkɛ kpakpayaɣ se ɛsʋʋ lɩm tɛɛ. Ɛtɛkɛ sumaɣ se ɛsʋʋ tɩŋ yɔɔ. Ɛyʋ ɖɔŋ tataa. Paa weyi ɛwɛnɩ lone naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɛcakɩ ɖɩ-taa. Lone nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛyʋ cakɩ yɔ, lɛɣtʋ piliŋa nakɛyɛ nɛ kañɩnɩɣ se katɩlɩ ɛyʋ nɛ e-lone nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛcaɣ yɔ siŋŋ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se kañɩnɩɣ se kana mbʋ pɩtamsʋʋ ɛyʋ nɛ e-lone nɖɩ ɛcaɣ ɖɩ-taa yɔ. Lɛɣtʋ piliŋa ŋga payaɣ se ɖɩjaɣyɛ kpɛlɛkʋʋ.
Ɖɩcaɣyɛ kpɛlɛkʋʋ lɛɣtʋ pikliŋa ñɩnɩɣ se katɩlɩ ɛyaa siŋŋ po-lona ndɩ ndɩ wena a-taa pacaɣ wezuu yɔ. Pɩtɩŋɩɣna ɛyʋ tɛ lakasɩ yɔɔ nɛ pʋcɔ ɖɩcaɣyɛ kpɛlɛkʋʋ lɛɣtʋ piliŋa taa ñɩnɩyaa pɩzɩ patɩlɩ mbʋ pɩtamsʋʋ ɛyʋ nɛ e-lone nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛcaaɣ yɔ.
Pɩtɩŋa payɩ pɩ-tɩlʋʋ, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ɛyaa wezuu tɩnaa tɩlʋʋ nɛ po-lona ndɩ ndɩ wena a-taa pacaɣ wezuu yɔ pɩ-tɩlʋʋ nɛ mbʋ pɩtamsʋʋ-wɛ nɛ po-lona yɔ pɩ-tɩlʋʋ payaɣ se ekosizitɛm. Ɖɩcaɣyɛ kpɛlɛkʋʋ lɛɣtʋ piliŋa wɛ lɛɣtʋ piliŋa sɔsaɣ nakayɛ taa. Lɛɣtʋ piliŋa kɩwalaɣ ŋga ka-taa ɖɩjaɣyɛ kpɛlɛkʋʋ lɛɣtʋ piliŋa wɛɛ yɔ, ŋgaa lɛ mbʋ pʋcɔ-ɖʋ nɛ pɩta yɔ, pɩ-lɛɣtʋ piliŋa.
Ɖɩcaɣyɛ kpɛlɛkʋʋ lɛɣtʋ piliŋa kɛ ɖizobiye lɛɣtʋ piliŋa. Pɩnaɣ 1866 taa ɖizobiye lɛɣtʋ piliŋ ñʋʋ. Wezuu kpɛlɛkʋʋ tɩlɩyʋ sɔsɔ, ɖajaa Ernst Haeckel lɩzɩna ɖɩcaɣyɛ kpɛlɛkʋʋ lɛɣtʋ piliŋa. Ɖajaa ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ Caama tʋ. Ɛma takayaɣ nakɛyɛ nɛ ɛyaa-kɛ se « Morphologie générale des organismes ». Ɛ-takayaɣ ŋga ka-taa ɛmaa se ɖɩjaɣyɛ lɛɣtʋ piliŋa kɛ lɛɣtʋ piliŋa ŋga kañɩnɩɣ se katɩlɩ mbʋ pɩtamsʋʋ ɛyaa nɛ po-lona ndɩ ndɩ wena a-taa pɛcaɣ wezuu yɔ.
Utaa
Utaa kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. Uta taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Salt Lake City nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ. Pamaza Utaa ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 220 080 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 212 988 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 7 092 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 3.22 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 45 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 45 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naaza ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1896. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 2 763 885 yɔ. Payaɣ Uta ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Gary Herbert (R) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Orrin Hatch (R) nɛ Mike Lee (R).
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ Eŋgilisi.
Arthur Rimbaud
Palʊla Jean-Nicolas-Arthur Rimbaud kɛ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ nɛɛlɛ ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1854 Sarviilii tɛtʊ taa, Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛsɩ Marsɛyiyɛ ñɩ̀ndʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa kamɩŋ fenaɣ hiu wiye pɩnaɣ 1891 ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 37.
Ɛwɛna hɩla ndɩ ndɩ: kacalaɣ taa lɛ Arthur Rimbaud, pʊwayɩ lɛ Jean Baudry nɛ lɛɛɖɛ kɔyɔ Alcide Bava. Arthur tɛkɛ ɛyʊ cikpelu: kɔɔnaɣ lɛ ɛkɛ keɣsi mayʊ, pʊwayɩ lɛ ɛkɛ ɛyʊ weyi ɛcɔʊ ajɛya lɛɛna taa se ɛtakɩyɛ yɔ, ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ weyi ɛlakɩ tadɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ yɔ nɛ ɛpɛdʊ kɔfɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Paa eteleɖi ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ kɔyɔ Arthur Rimbaud ma takayaɣ sɔsɔɣa ŋga yɔ, kɔ-yɔɔ lɛ ɛwɛ sɔdɩŋ sɔsɔŋ weyi ɛcala fransɩ tɔm maʊ yɔ ɩ-taa. Ɛpaɣzɩ takayaɣ maʊ lɛ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 15. Ɛ-cɔlɔ lɛ pʊwɛɛ se keɣsi mayʊ ɛkɛ weyiɛnaɣ poliŋ yɔ. Pʊyɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ ɛsɔɔla Paul Verlaine tɔm nɛ ɛsɔɔlɩ ɛ-takayɩsɩ kalɩʊ ɖɔɖɔ. Kpaagbaa mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ eyele takayɩsɩ maʊ nɛ ɛsʊ sɩ-kalʊʊ yɔɔ nɛ ɛkpɛlɛkʊ kʊnʊmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ.
Farsoovii
Farsoovii kɛna Poolɔñɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ kpaɣna pɩnaɣ 1596. Pɩnaɣ 2012 taa pakala ɛyaa kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛ, pakpɛnda ɛyaa 3 100 000 nɛ tɩ-hɛkʊ taa ɖeyi ɖeyi lɛ, ɛyaa kpɛnda 1 726 581 piyele nɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-walanzɩ taa maɣna ɛkɩtaarɩnaa ɛzɩ 51 724 yaa kilomɛtanaa 517,24 km2.
Ɛzɩ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ lɛɛtʋ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, Farsoovii tɛtʊ nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʋ ɖʋ taabalɩyɛ nɛ palakɩ tʋm kʋɖʋma se tɔsʋʋ nɛ ɛsɩnda wobu ɛɖɛɛna poliŋ. Tɛtʋ ndʋ yɔ: Astana (Kazakistaŋ), Pɛrɩlɛɛ nɛ Tusɛlɩdɔfɩ (Caama), Pudapɛstɩ (Hɔŋgirii), Sikaagoo (Etaazuni), Kronsɩnii nɛ Mɔsɩkʊʊ (Rusi), Hamamamacʊ (Sapɔŋ), Hanuwayɩ (Fɩyɛtɩnam), Harbɛɛ (Siini), Isitambʊli (Turki), Kiiv (Ukirɛɛnɩ), Haayɩ (Peyiibaa), Ɔsɩloo (Nɔɔrɩvɛɛzɩ), Riga (Litonii), Riyo de Janayiroo (Piresiili), Sewuli (Kooree nɛ hadɛ), Tɛlɩaviivi (Isiraɛlɩ), Toranto (Kanada) nɛ Filnuwisi (Lituwanii).
Siitruwii
Siitruwii kɛna tɩʊ piye nɖɩ ɖɩcaɣ wɛʊ ɛzɩ kaabʊ tɩyɛ yɔ.
Siitruwii nɛ kela ɖɔɖɔ pe-tiiye kɛ kʊɖɔm nɛ awɛ kamaɣ tiiye taa. Siituwii wɛ kuluŋgulu nɛ kɩcaɣa wɛʊ ɛzɩ kela yɔ yaa tɩmaatɩ yɔ; nɛ kɩ-sɛmɩŋ taa wɛ ɛzɩ leemuu lɩm yɔ. Siitruwii toka wɛ ɖoŋ kaŋkaŋ nɛ kɩ-taa wɛ hola cacaɖɩɩɩ ɛlɛ pɩwɛ lɛbɛlɛbɛ. Tɩʊ piye ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ leleŋ mɩnɩmɩnɩ.
Waagasɩ
Waagasɩ kɛ tɔɔnaɣ ŋga kalɩnɛ naalɩm mbʊ pikiwa yɔ payaɣ se waagasɩ yaa wonduu ndʊ tɩkɛ naalɩm pʊyʊʊ yɔ ɛzɩ naanum, nɛ lɩm catʊʊ pɩkpɛndɩnɛ yaa pɩɩkpɛndɩnɛ pɩdʊʊ nabʊyʊʊ taa, pɩkpɛndɩnɛ catʊtʊ (waagasɩ kɩjatʊʊ). Sakɩyɛ taa lɛ, palakɩ waagasɩ nɛ nɔ tɛ naalɩm, ɛlɛ ɖɔɖɔ heŋ nɛ pʊŋ nɛ tɛyɛ naŋ halɩñɩŋ yaa kpɩna naŋgbanzɩ nanza waa lɛɛnɛ.
Pañɩŋgʊʊ naalɩm ŋnɩɩ cɛkaɣ haɖaʊ tɛ. Pɩdʊʊ naalɩm yaa pɩdʊʊ nakʊyʊʊ yaa fɩnɛgɩrɩ pɔsɔzʊʊ se pɩpɩzɩ pikii nɛ pɩpɩsɩ naalɩm kiɖoŋkuum nɛ naalɩm cikpem. Waagasɩnaa nabɛyɛ wɛna hɔŋgbazayaɣ, potomnaɣ yɔ nɛ pʊtɔma pa-taa kiŋ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ halɩ tɛtɛ ñɩtʊ natʊyʊʊ ndʊ tɩnɛ tɩɩsɛ yɔ pɔtɔkɩ-tʊ ageetaa naaayɛ taa. Papɩzɩɣ palakɩ waagasɩ pɩlɩnɛ tɩŋ nɩɩyɛ tɛ wɛtʊ cɔlɔ, kpaɣ ɛzɩ tɩŋ tɛ naalɩm ɛzɩ soojaa naalɩm, m num tɛ tɩŋ pee, ɛzɩ kɔtɔmbɔyasɩ yaa tɛtɛɛ pɔɔm ŋgʊ peziiduu nɛ num nɛ yɛɖɛyɛɖɛ waa se pɩwɛ ɛzɩ kpɩnaa tɛ naalɩm waagasɩ. Pɩtɛ waagasɩ kɩlɛzɩnaʊ ñɩŋgʊ ŋgʊ nabʊyʊ taa payaɣ se fomazɩ (fauxmage), pɩkɛ tɔm pee naalɛ patama faux tɔbʊʊ se pɩtɛkɛ nɛ fromage tɔbʊʊ se waagasɩ, se paɖʊʊ tʊkaɣ pɩtɛ lɛ, pɩkɛ paɣtʊ taa waagasɩ yatʊ, nɛ paɖʊʊ pɩtaa wonduu ndɩ ndɩ.
Calɩm
Calɩm kɛna ɛyʊ yaa tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ tomnaɣ taa lɩm mbʊ pɩhaɣ-wɛ fezu yɔ. Calɩm mbʊ pikpeŋ calɩgonzi nɛ ñamɩyɛ pa-taa. Calɩm mbʊ pɩcɔʊ tomnaɣ tɩŋga taa pɩlɩɩna ñamɩyɛ pɔŋ nɛ ɖoŋ weyi ɖɩwɛna nɛ ɖɩtɔʊ calɩm mbʊ fɩŋŋ fɩŋŋ yɔ. Calɩm mbʊ, pɩkɛna lɩm nabʊyʊ nɛ pɩwɛ kɔɖɩɩɩ pɩtasɩna calɩgonzi kulutasi miliyaɖi miliyaaɖɩnaa sakɩyɛ. Calɩgonzi kulutasi nzɩ sɩhaɣna calɩm kɛ pɩsɛmɩŋ. Calɩm wokɩŋna tiyɔkɩsizɛnɩ (O2) nɛ anɣmna mba pɩpɔzʊ tomnaɣ se kɛwɛɛna wezu yɔ. Calɩm mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ ketuuna azʊma nɛ piwokina-pʊ pɔŋ weyi apɩɩzɩ nɛ alɩɩna awayɩ kiŋ yɔ. Ɛyʊ sɔsɔ tɛ yaa tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ sɔsɔyɛ tɛ lɛ, ɛnɛm ŋgʊ kɩwɛ mɔɔ taa yɔ, ŋgʊ lʊlʊʊna calɩm.
Calɩm kɛna tomn,aɣ kpeekpe kɩhɔkʊ nɛ kɩfɛyɩ tomnaɣ taa kawɩlʊ kpaasɩɩ. Calɩm taa mʊŋdɔndʊ fɛyɩ ɛzɩ tomnaɣ taa hola wena akɛ mʊndɔndʊ lɛɛtʊ yɔ. Pɩtɛ ɖɩkɩyaɣ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ se pH yɔ ko-̀ɖoŋ wɛ 7,35 nɛ 7,45 pa-taa. Calɩm sɛmɩŋ lɩna pɩ-taa yaɖɛ kɩsɛɛmɩŋ yɔɔ. Calɩm kpeekpe taa lɛ, yala kɩsɛɛma kʊlʊ nɛ lɩm mbʊ pɩwɛ kɔɖɩɩɩ pɛwɛɛ. Ɛlɛ yala kɛɛma yeke kɩlɩna ɖɔʊ nɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lɛ, awɛ ɛzɩ 99 yɔ (99%). Calɩm kaɖʊʊzaɣ kɛna lɩm mbʊ pɩ-taa calɩm yala ndɩ ndɩ yaɣ yɔ. Calɩm kaɖʊʊzaɣ ŋga kakpakʊna calɩm yala nɛ anaɣmnaa nɛ pɩyɛlʊ tomnaɣ kpeekpe taa nɛ pɩcalʊ-kɛ. Calɩm kaɖɩuʊzaɣ ŋga kɛwɛ ndɩ nɛ calɩm ageleta. Alɛ lɛ, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ calɩm kiwu lɛ ana kpaɣna pɩ-yɔɔ kele kele ɛzɩ lɩm yɔ.
Calɩm tʊma ɖɔ sakɩyɛ. Kacalaɣ taa lɛ, calɩm kɛna anaɣm kpaɣyʊ weyi ɛtaŋna tomnaɣ kpeekpe kɛ tɔɔnaɣ ŋga pɩwɛna-kɛ kɩcɛyʊ se kɛwɛɛna alafɩya yɔ. Calɩm kʊɖʊmʊm mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ catʊʊna tomnaɣ taa azuuma nɛ apɩlɩzʊ nɛ awayɩ. Azuuma ana, a-taa kɔyɔ pɩndʊ, hɩm, soŋgaɣ, tuutu yaa tiyokidi tɛ karboni (CO2). Calɩm taa yala ndɩ ndɩ wena awɛ calɩm taa yɔ ayaɣ nɛ awɛɣna fezu. Calɩm kpakʊna tɔɔnasɩ nɛ lɩm pa-taa anaɣm nɛ pɩcalʊ tomnaɣ kpeekpe. Heelim mbʊ ɛyʊ yaa tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ fezu yɔ, calɩm catʊna-pʊ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ pɩlɩzʊ okisiizɛni (O2) nɛ pɩcalʊ tomnaɣ.
Alɩwaatʋ
Alɩwaatʋ yekina nɛ ɖɩnaɣ se lɛɣzɩtʋ wɛ kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ. Ɛyʋ pɔsaa se ɛtɩlɩ mbʋ alɩwaatʋ kɛna kpem yɔ. Ɛyʋ pɔzʋʋ se ɛna se alɩwaatʋ kɛ kedeŋa pʋyʋ keem yaa ɛyʋ tɩŋɩna ɛ-lɔnsɩnɖɛ yɔɔ nɛ ɛmaɣzɩ nɛ ɛɖʋ-tʋ yem.
Paa ɛyʋ eecosi suwe yɔ, ɖɔm ɛɛnɩɣ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ɛyʋ ɛɛtɩlɩɣ ɖeyi ɖeyi mbʋ alɩwaatʋ kɛna kpem yɔ. Tɔm cosuu tɩŋɛ tɛkɛ lɩmaɣza lɩzʋʋ : ɛyʋ lɛɣzɩɣ alɩwaatʋ lɛɣzʋʋ mbʋ yɔ wɛ wazaɣ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ.
Paapɩzɩɣ pamaɣzɩ alɩwaatʋ ɛzɩ tɩwɛʋ yɔ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se paapɩzɩɣ pamaɣzɩ-tʋ ɛzɩ pamaɣzɩɣ pʋyʋ yem yɔ. Pʋwɛɛ se ɖɩnɩɩ tɔm ndʋ tɩkɔŋ nɛ wayɩ yɔ tɩ-taa mbʋ payaɣ se alɩwaatʋ maɣzʋʋ yɔ hɔɔlʋʋ nakʋyʋ nɛ mbʋ pɩkɛ alɩwaatʋ maɣzʋʋ yɔ ɖɩjaɣyɛ naɖɩyɛ taa.
Nabʋyʋ ɛɛlaba nɛ pɩɖɛɛ nɛ nabʋyʋ ɖɔɖɔ ñatasɩ labʋ sɔnɔ, mbʋ pɩlaba nɛ pɩɖɛɛ yɔ nɛ mbʋ pɩlaba sɔnɔ yɔ, pɩ-hɛkʋ taa maɣzɩtʋ kɛɣna kɩyakɩŋ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ nabʋyʋ laba hodo nakʋyʋ wiye. Lɛɛbʋ ñala mazaɣ nakɛyɛ wiye. Yee pamaɣzɩɣ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩwɛ hodo nɛ mazaɣ pɛ-hɛkʋ taa kɔyɔ, pɔtɔŋ se tɔm ndʋ tɩɩlaba hodo wiye nɛ ndʋ tʋtʋ ñala mazaɣ wiye yɔ, pɛ-hɛkʋ taa kɩyakɩŋ naanza wɛna. Alɩwaatʋ maɣzʋʋ lɛɣzɩ paa ɖooye ɛyʋ wezuu caɣyʋ. Pɩlɛɣzɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɛyʋ tisuu Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ yɔɔ nɛ pɩtɛ pɩlɛɣzɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɛ-lɔnsɩnɖɛ kpɛlɛkʋʋ. Alɩwaatʋ maɣzɩtʋ lɛɣzɩ sakɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ tɩlɩtʋ kpɛlɛkʋʋ piliŋa nʋmɔʋ taa.
Tɩlɩtʋ kpɛlɛkʋʋ piliŋa ñɔtɔŋ se alɩwaatʋ kɛna wɛtʋ natʋyʋ yaa kawɩlaɣ tɛ maɣzɩtʋ. Piyele ɖama tʋʋzʋnaʋ tɛ kɛʋ piliŋa cɔlɔ lɛ, mbʋ payaɣ se alɩwaatʋ yɔ, pɩlɩɣna paa weyi ɛnaɣ naʋ mbʋ yɔ pʋ-cɔlɔ. Piliŋa ŋga, kakaɖɩɣ kpayɩ se tomiye naɖɩyɛ wɛ alɩwaatʋ nɛ loniye pɛ-hɛkʋ taa siŋŋ.
Samaɣ ndɩ ndɩ taa ɛyaa sakɩyɛ tɔŋ se mbʋ pɩɖɛwa yɔ, pɩwɛ wayɩ nɛ mbʋ pʋkɔŋ yɔ, pʋpʋ ñɛwɛɛ ɛsɩndaa. Ɛlɛ, aymara samaɣ taa ñɩma ñɛlɛɣzɩɣ pɩtɛ alɩwaatʋ ńdʋ. Paba ñɔtɔŋ se mbʋ pɩɖɛwa yɔ, pasɩma-pʋ. Pʋwɛna ɛyʋ ɛsɩndaa kiŋ nɛ piyele mbʋ pɩtatɩɩkɔmda yɔ, paasɩ-pʋ, yee mbʋ pʋwɛna ɛyʋ wayɩ kiŋ. Alɩwaatʋ wɛna tɔbʋʋ nɩʋ nabʋlɛ taa. Nabʋyʋ taa kɔyɔ, ɛyʋ ɖɔŋ nɛ ewokina alɩwaatʋ tɛ sizika cɔlɔ kiŋ  ewoki you nakʋyʋ loluu. Yaa nabʋyʋ taa lɛ, pʋyʋ kɩtalɩm wokiŋna ɛyʋ yɔɔ kiŋ : nʋmɔʋ haʋ ñɔtaa kɛlɛ…
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart kɛ Caama ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa abalʋ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛkɛ soo lɩzɩyʋ nɛ wendu lubuyu sɔsɔ. Eteu nɛ ɛmakɩ nɛ pʋɖʋ pɩ-taa camɩyɛ. Palʋla-ɩ egeetiye nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Salzbourg yɔ ɖɩ-taa. Egeetiye nɖɩ, ɖɩkɛ ɛjaɖɛ wiyau pɩyalʋ waɖɛ yaa ɖoŋ lone ɖomuu tʋ lone kiɖeɖeye (Saint-Empire romain germanique).
Ɛ-lʋlʋkʋ alɩwaatʋ kaakɛ efemiye hiŋ naalɛ nɛ lʋbɛ (27) n̄ɩŋʋ wiye kɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1756 taa. Ɛsɩba egeetiye nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Fɩyɛɛnɩ yɔ ɖɩ-taa kɛ efemiye kagbanzɩ (5) n̄ɩŋʋ wiye saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 1791 taa.
Ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ hiŋ naadozo nɛ kagbanzɩ yaa niidozo nɛ kagbanzɩ lɛ ɛsɩba. Ɛka laba tʋmɩyɛ siŋŋ nɛ pɩcɔ ɛsɩkɩ. Eyeba keveŋga nɛ maɣzɩm sɔsɔm ɛsɩm wayɩ. Ɛtʋma ɛzɩ 626 wɛ tɛlɛŋga yaa ɖaɖɛ taa kɛ pɩlʋʋ ŋgʋ payaɣ-kʋ size Köchel yɔ kɩ-taa. Ɛtʋma kpeekpe taa payɩ lɛ, ɖɩna se, eluba wendu ɛtɛ ɛlɩzɩ soo ɖɔɖɔ nɛɛtɛ alɩwaatʋ wɛɛ taa.
Ɛ-wɛɛ taa aseɣɖe lɩzɩyaa lɩza nɛ pawɩlɩ size, ɛkɛkɛ piyaanoo maɖʋ, ɛtɛ ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ keɖeɣya tʋmɩyɛ laɖʋ weyi pɩhayɩ yɔ, ɛkɛ siŋŋ ɖɔɖɔ fiolɔ (violon) maɖʋ. Ɖɩsɩma camɩyɛ mbʋ size, ɛtasa nesi ɖʋ siŋŋ kɛ kɔnserto, nɛ pɩtasɩna weŋgalaɣ loyisi sɩnɛ yɔ (symphonie nɛ sonate) pa-taa.
Ñɔyaɣ
Ñɔyaɣ kɛna ɛyʊ yɔɔ hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kʊ-yɔɔ nɛ hʊndʊ yɔ. Ɛyʊ yɔɔ hʊndʊ wɛɛ, ñɔsɩ wɛɛ, kpɛtʊ wɛɛ nɛ tandʊʊ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Hʊndʊ wɛ ɛyʊ tɩŋga yɔɔ piyele nɛ kpɛtʊ ñɛwɛɛ ɛyʊ kadaɣ yɔɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se ɛyʊ abalɩtʊ yɔɔ yaa ɛ-halɩtʊ yɔɔ; pɩsaɣ tandʊʊ ñɔnɔʊ ɛyʊ tamaɣ tɛɛ nɛ ndoma yɔɔ. Ñɔsɩ ɖeke ñɔʊna ñʊʊtaa.
Ñɔsɩ, kpɛtʊ, hʊndʊ tandʊʊ nɛ cɩkpaŋ pɛwɛ pɩlɩʊ kʊɖʊmʊʊ taa nɛ lɩm ɛɛsʊʊ-wɛ. Paɖʊ-wɛɛ pɩlɩʊ kʊɖʊmʊ taa mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛyʊ tɔnʊʊ tɛɛ; kɛ palɩɣna. Pakalɩ ɛyʊ ñʊʊtaa ñɔsɩ kpeekpe kɔyɔ, sɩwɛ kpaɣna kutokiŋ 100 000 nɛ 150 000 pɛhɛkʊ taa. Ɛyaa mba pɛwɛna ñɔsɩ kʊlʊmasɩ kɛ ɖooo palɩm taa yɔ, pɔñɔsɩ ɖɔɔ pɩkɩlɩ mba pɔñɔsɩ piyaa yaa sɩsɛwa yɔ. Ɛyʊ wɛʊ yɔ, ɛñʊtaa ñɔsɩ tɔʊ paaɖoye nɛ nzɩ sɩtɔʊ mbʊ yɔ, sɩtalɩɣ ñɔsɩ 40 yaa 50 kɛ evemiye taa. Ñɩnɩya nabɛyɩ ñɩnaa nɛ pana se ñɔsɩ wɛʊ yɔ, pɩlɩɣna ɖenɖe palʊla ɛyʊ yɔ yaa e-tomnaɣ sɛmɩŋ yɔɔ. Ɛzɩ azi mba yɔ, pɔ-ñɔsɩ wɛ kpɛmlɛɛɛ piyele Erɔpʊ taa ñɩma yɔ, ɖɔfɩɩɩ yaa yuulee.
Afrika mba yɔ pa-ñɩnzɩ ñɛwɛ kpacayʊʊʊ. Ɛzɩ ɛyaa wɛʊ nɛ pasʊʊ ɖama taa yɔ, pʊyɔɔ lɛ, lɛɛlɛɛ taa ñɔsɩ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Pʊwa afolom ñʊʊtaa ñɔsɩ ɖɔɔ pɩkɩlɩ ɛyʊ sʊtʊyʊ weyi ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 30 nɛ 50 yɔ. Ñɔsɩ, hʊndʊ, kpɛtʊ yaa tandʊʊ naawʊ yɔ, pɩhaɣ kɩhaʊ. Nɛ pɩtɛkɛ paa ɛzɩmtaa kɛ ñɔsɩ ñɔɔʊ ɛyʊ ñʊʊtaa. Pɩlɩɣna ɛyʊ lɩm taa, ɛ-pɩnzɩ ɖɔʊ taa yaa alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛwɛɛ yɔ tɩ-taa.
Ñɔsɩ paazʊʊ nɔʊ kɛ fenasi kagbanzɩ taa, pʊtɔbʊʊ se alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛyʊ wɛʊlotu taa lɛ nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna ɛ-sɩm wiye. Halʊ ñʊʊtaa ñɔsɩ nɔʊ lɛɛlɛɛ pɩkɩlɩ abalʊ. Ɛyʊ ñʊʊtaa lɛ, ñɔsɩ tɔʊ paa ɛsɩmtaa. Ɛlɛ ɛyaa nabayɩ wɛɛ lɛ pɩkɛna kʊtɔŋ. Nabayɩ wɛ nɛ pɔkɔŋ nɛ papaɣlɩ lɛ, papɩsɩ ñʊ hasasɩ tɩnaa. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se pe-kila taa paazʊ hasʊ nɛ pɩɩkɛdɩ lɛ pɩtala e-nimaɣ wayɩ yaa ɛ-ñʊʊ tɩŋga. Nabɛyɛ sɔnzɩ taa lɛ, pɩwɛɛ se palakɩ nɔɔyʊ sɔzɩ nasɩyɛ kɔyɔ, pɩwɛɛ se pahʊmɩ-ɩ koloŋgolo nɛ pɩwɩlɩ se ɛtatasɩ kɛʊ pʊɣa. Nɛ nabɛyɛ nzɩ taa lɛ, yee ɛyʊ ɛñɩnɩɣ se paha-ɩ ñamtʊ siŋŋŋ kɔyɔ, pɩwɛɛ se ɛñʊʊtaa nosɩ ɛɖɔɔ sakɩyɛ. Pɩwɛ ɛzɩ sɔɔjanaa mba payaɣ-wɛ se ahuwaa yɔ. Pɩtɛkɛ ñɔsɩ yeke ɛlɛ pɩwɛɛ se pasɩɩ tandɩŋ ɖɔɖɔ. Tandɩŋ tɔm taa lɛ, pɩwɛ ɛzɩ malɩŋ taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩlɩɣ-ɩ sɩʊ yɔ. Mba pɔ-ñɔsɩ ɖɔɔ nɛ paacɔŋna sɩ-yɔɔ camɩyɛ yɔ, sɩ-taa wɛʊ abayaa yaa kaʊ yaa kʊtɔmɩŋ sakɩyɛ.
Nabɛyɛ tɛ lɛ, yee pɩhɛɛ se ɛyʊ ɛcaɣna ɛsɩtɛɛlɩm mbʊ pʊyɔɔ ɛ-ɛyʊ sɩba kɔyɔ, pɩpɔzʊ-ɩ se eyele ɛ-ñɔsɩ siŋgamm nɛ ɛɛsaɣtʊ-sɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Nɛ lalaa tɛ ñɩnzɩ taa lɛ, pɩwɛɛ se halibiɣa eyele kɔ-ñɔsɩ nɛ sɩtalɩɣ e-pondone yɔɔ ɖɔlɩ lɛ, pɩwɩlʊ se ɛtalɩ walʊ kɛlɛ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ se ñɔsɩ kɛna halɩbɩya kɛ mbʊ pɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ pɩhɔ habalɩbɩya yɔ nɛ sɩkɛna-wɛ acana pʊyʊ. Pʊyɔɔ kɛ halibiya yakɩ ñɔsɩ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ sɩhɔkʊʊ.
David Livingstone
Palʊla David Livingstone kɛ lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 19 pɩnaɣ 1813 kɛ Platiri tɛtʊ taa, Ekɔsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛsɩ agoza fenaɣ kacalaɣ wiye pɩnaɣ 1873 kɛ Sambii ɛjaɖɛ traa ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 60. David Livingstone kɛna Ekɔsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tʊ. Ɛ-tʊma ɖɔɔ: ɛkɛ ɖakʊta, ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ protɛstaŋ ɛsɔtɔm sʊsʊyʊ ajɛya lɛɛna taa ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ ajɛya lɛɛna feŋgiyu yaa takɩyʊ woɖu.
Ɛ-tʊma ana a-taa ɛsɩna Pritaniki kewiyaɣ nɛ kɛɖɛɛna ɛsɩntaa ɛcɛyɩ ɛtɩ nɛ Afrika nɛ hadɛ kɩŋ hɔɔlʊʊ taa ɛsɔtɔm tɔyɩ, ɛlʊ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ peeɖe ɛyaa sakɩyɛ lɩɩ yomiye taa.
Ɛɛwɛ mba pefeŋaɣ Afrika keteŋa kpem yɔ nɛ ɛcɛba Afrika ajɛya kɛ fotonaa. Mbʊ sɩŋna tuuɖe ajɛya nɛ papɩzɩ pɛtɛyɩ Afrika ajɛya ɖama yem faaa. Ɛnʊ kɛŋna tuuɖe taa kacalaɣ-tʊ weyi Sambɛɛzɩ pɔɔ sɔsɔɣa yɔ nɛ ɛɛcɛla ɛ-tɩ nɛ ɛñɩnɩɣ se ɛna ɖenɖe pɔɔ ŋga payaɣ se Niili yɔ kalɩna yɔ.
David Linvingstone kaakɛna Pritaniki kewiyaɣ taa sɔdɩŋ sɔsɔŋ kɛ abiɖe nɖɩ payaɣ se Victoria yɔ ɛ-tɛ alɩwaatʊ taa (1837-1901). Ɛ-lɩmaɣza taa kaawɛ se ɛsɩna Afrika mba nɛ paawaa Pritaniki kewiyaɣ ñɩm yɔɔ; mbʊ yebina nɛ ɛkɛ mba paacɛyɩ pa-tɩ se pakpaciyɩ Afrika keteŋa yɔ.
Nɔmɔʊ kɩfalʊʊ tɩnaa ŋgbɛyɛ
Nɔmɔʊ Kɩfalʊʊ Ŋgbɛyɛ tɩnaa, pɩkɛ katoliki cejewiye nɖɩ ɖɩsɔɔlʊʊ se Krɩstʊ cejewa kpeekpe ɛkpɛndɩ nɛ pɩpɩsɩ kʊyʊmɖɩyɛ yɔ. Ɖɩlɩna cɛjɛtʊ haɖɛ tɩnaa tɛ atɩma ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ cɔlɔ pɩnaɣ 1973, ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa talɩ kudokiŋ naalɛ nɛ pɛwɛɛ ajɛyɛ nɛɛlɛ nɛ loɖo taa, nɛ ɛyaa hiu nɛ naalɛ ñɛwɛɛ yɛlʊʊ yɔɔ nɛ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛ tɔm suzuu yɔɔ. Ŋgbɛyɛ ɖɩ-nɔɔ yɔɔ tʊ kajalaɣ tʊ kɔyɔ Yeesu ɛgbaɣtʊ Laurent Fabre.
Paya ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ pɩlɩna lone kajalaɣ nɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa palaba ɖɩ-tɛ kajalaɣ kedizaɣ, Lyon pʊʊ yɔɔ nɔmɔʊ kɩfalʊʊ. Ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɛ ɛgɔlɔmɩyɛ wezuu haɖɛ tɩnaa. Ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩnaɣ ɖɩ-taa fada naa nɛ ɛyaa tɩŋna (halaa nɛ abalaa) nɛ ɛyaa mba patakpaɣ halaa (aɖama) nɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛyaa pawala ɖama nɛ pɛfɛyɩna ɖɔkʊʊ yɔ (pɛfɛyɩna piya yɔ). Pa-lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kuɖum kɛlɛ kɩkpɛndʊʊ tɔm. Krɩstʊ mba kpeekpe ɛpɩsɩ kʊyʊm, ɛyaa kpeekpe ɛkpɛnɩ (paa ŋkɛ nsʊlɩmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛ ɛyʊ yaa paa ŋkɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛyʊ kɔyɔ), hɔŋ kpɛndʊʊ yaa nɩnaʊ nɛ ɛyaa kpeekpe tɛ ɖama nɩnaʊ.
Kegbeɣlasi lɩmaɣzɩyɛ
Kegbeɣlasi lɩmaɣzɩyɛ Kegbeɣlasi lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kɛ tʊʊzʊʊ piliŋa nakayɛ, tʊʊzʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ Caama ɛyʊ Georg Cantor lɩzana tʊ kpaɣɖʊ 19 tɛmtʊ alɩwaatʊ. Ɖɩcɔna kɔyɔ kegbeɣlaɣ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɔm pɩsa kiɖe kpeɣluu nɛ tɩɣyʊʊ lɩmaɣza cɔlɔ, pɔ-yɔɔ yɔ pama pʊtʊnaa mba palakɩna tʊmɩyɛ tʊʊzʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa kpaɣ ɛzɩ kɩlabɩm, taabalɩyɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ, pilim ñʊŋ, kamaɣ wɛʊ ñʊʊ, tʊʊzɩyɛ tɛ, siŋ ñʊŋ nɛ ndɩ ndɩ ñʊŋ ŋgbaɣ mbʊ ŋɖɛɛ. Mbʊ tɩna nɛ pɔtɔŋ se kegbelaɣ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kɛ keem kɛlɛ Hilbert pɩzɩ yɔɔdʊʊ se tɩkɛ ɛsɔdaa koboyaɣ ŋga Cantor lɩza tʊʊzʊʊ tɩnaa yɔ.
Mbʊ ɛlaba yaa kiɖe nɖɩ ɛsɩ tʊʊzʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa yɔ wayi lɛ, Cantor pɩlɩna kegbelaɣ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ yɔɔ ɛɖanɩɣ labʊ lɩmaɣza kɩfana lɛɛna kɔzɩ kɔzɩ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɛtɔŋ se maatɛŋ ñʊŋ wɛɛ yɔ ɛyʊ pɩzɩɣ ɛkɛdɩ nɛ ɛmaɣzɩ pɩlɩna ñʊŋ kɩfaŋ yɔɔ (kʊyʊm kʊyʊm kalʊʊ nɛ naalɛ naalɛ kalʊʊ).
Cantor kɛna kajalaɣ tʊ weyi ɛlɩza kegbelaɣ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kɛ pɩnzɩ 1880 pazɩtʊ alɩwaatʊ taa. Ɛlakaɣ tʊmɩyɛ kʊyʊm kɛtʊ yɔɔ pɩlɩna kɔlɔmɩŋ naatozo tʊ pilinzi mazʊʊ yɔɔ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1870 lɛ pɩwɩla Cantor se ɛlɩzɩ taa lɩyʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɔm nɛ ɛma maatɛŋ waa kpaɖʊʊ yɔɔ kpaɖʊʊ yɔɔ, kʊyʊm kʊyʊm kalʊʊ nɛ naalɛ naalɛ waa kalʊʊ. Matʊ ndʊ pekizi-tʊ ɛ-tɛ alɩwaatʊ pɩtɩŋna keziyaa nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʊ ɛkɛ tɛzɩyʊ payaɣ-ɩ se Leopold Kronecker kɛlɛ sɔnɔ yɔ tʊʊzɩyaa sakɩyɛ tisa tɔm ndʊ tɩ-yɔɔ.
Kpaɣɖʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa, Cantor kaahiɣ ɛjandʊ pɩlɩna ñʊʊ taa hola kʊdɔŋ yɔɔ, kɛlɛ ɛ-maɣzɩm pɩlɩna kiliŋili tɔm yɔɔ kaawɛ tɩɖɩna yɛlʊʊ pɩlɩna ɛ-takayasɩ kiyekasi yɔɔ nɛ pasɩm-sɩ, kpaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 19 tɛmtʊ alɩwaatʊ pɩtɩŋna Richard Dedekind nɛ Göttigen nɛ David Hilbert nɛ Ernest Zermelo pɔ-yɔɔ.
Ɛndɩyɔm
Ɛndɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ 49 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ In. Ɛ-pɩlʊʊ kɔyɔ 13 nɛ e-lone kɔyɔ 5. Ɛndɩyɔm tomnaɣ yem kɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ weyi ɛwɛ caʊʊ nɛ ɛñɩɣlɩsɩɣ yɔ, Ɛsaɣ miŋ piŋ pʊcɔ eyoli, pɩɩtalɩɣ 156°C ɛtama yoluu, ɛɛpʊkɩ helim taa yem.
Pɩnaɣ 1940 alɩwaatʊ, ɛzɩma pataɣ ɛndɩyɔm wondu nɛ ɛlʊkɩna ɖɔɖɔ pʊɣʊ tɔm mbʊ lɛ, palakɩ-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɛsɔtaa lɔɔɖaa sɔɔjanaa tʊmɩyɛ ɖeɖe. Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ Bruce Mahan kɛdɩɣ-ɖʊ se kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1970 wɛɛ taa mbʊ yɔ patalakɩ tʊmɩyɛ siŋ nɛ ɛndɩyɔm. Pʊkɔma pɩnzɩ 1980 lɛ, Encyclopedia Universalis kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa tisi se pana ɛndɩyɔm pʊtʊnaa nabɛyɛ nɛ pasɩm-wɛ (papɩzɩɣ pala-wɛ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ). Wayi wayi ɛ-tɛ tʊmɩyɛ labʊnaʊ siŋ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm waa añɩɣnɩŋ sɔsɔŋ LCD, yeba nɛ ɛndɩyɔm kpa liidiye.
Ɛndɩyɔm, paya-ɩ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛ-sɛmɩŋ wɛ yuulecɛzʊʊ (latɛŋ cɔlɩɩ taa lɛ, indǐcum nɛ hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ wɛɛ taa lɛ, indium) miŋ nzʊlɩmɩyɛ pamaɣzɩna, sɛmɩŋ wɛɛ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ pɩwwɩlɩɣ tovonum se cɛŋga yuulee kpiɖi kpiɖi nɛ cɛŋga yuulee nakɛyɛ ŋñɩɩ kɛ ɛ-tɛ kɔtɩɩ mʊntʊsʊʊ weluu taa, Ferdinand Reich nɛ Hieronimus Theodor Richter ñɩnɩna nɛ pana tɔm ndʊ pɩnaɣ 1863, ŋgʊ paaɖɩna takɩɣ zɩŋkɩ nɛ kwivri ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ pɩtɩŋna Freiberg tɛ sʊfɩrɩ pʊtʊ yɔɔ nɛ mʊntʊsʊʊ weluu ñɩɣyʊʊ ŋgʊ Robert Wilhelm Bunsen luba yɔɔ.
Kɛlɛm kɛlɛm naa, ɔrɩdɩnatɛrɩ naa, GPS tɩnaa, nesi taa kaŋgalafu naa, kɛlɛmɩŋ ñɩɣyɩŋ naa ŋgbaɣ nɖɛɛ mbʊ yɔ nɛ ñɩɣyɩŋ weyi ɛwɛna añɩnɩŋ LCD waa yɔ patɩŋga payɩ palɩ tɔɖɩɩ kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 2000 alɩwaatʊ taa kɛnɛ. Ɖɩcɔna kɔyɔ ɖɩnaɣ se ɖenɖe ɛnɩyɔm kaakpɩnda keeke keeke yɔ nɔɔnɔɔ yɔ nabʊyʊ fɛyɩ pɩcaɣ kpɛɖɛ nɛ pɩcaɣ liidiye nɛ pɩwɛ kaɖɛ se papɩzɩ nɛ paɖɩnɩ pɩsɩnaʊ kɔyɔ ñɩnɩyaa sakɩyɛ cɛyɩɣ pa-tɩ se papɩzɩ pañɩnɩ nɔmɔʊ weyi palɛzɩna yɔ.
Kurom
Kurom kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-tɛ ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 24 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa Cr. Tɔmɩŋ ɖɩlɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ lɛ ɛ-hɩɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlɩna krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se chroma nɛ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ se tɔlɩm, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ kurom taa pʊtʊnaa wɛna sɛmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ. Patakaa nɛ pana tɔŋ ñɩma wena aawɛ pɩlaŋ weyi ɛɛkɛ ɖooo kpaɣɖʊ naatozo ŋgʊ tɛmtʊ alɩwaatʊ AC kɛ wɩyaʊ sɔsɔ Qin pʊñɔtɩna Xi’an, Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ tɔbɩŋ.
Paa pɩlaŋ ɛnʊ ɛɛwɛ pɩtalɩɣ pɩneɩ pɩcɛzɩɣ kudokiŋ naalɛ, ɖooo arɩbalɛtɩ anasaayɩ tatasɩ nɛ you kɩgbɛsɛmɩŋ weyi palaba-ɩ nɛ prɔnzɩ ɛ-taa nabʊyʊ tabʊʊ kaʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ kurom kaahuzina prɔnzɩ yɔɔ. Kurom labɩ tʊmɩyɛ piŋ Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ ajɛyɛ taa kpaɣɖʊ 18 ŋgʊ alɩwaatʊ taa. Pɩnaɣ 1761 alɩwaatʊ taa Johann Gottlob Lehmann na ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ natʊyʊ kɩsɛmɩŋ caʊʊ Oural pʊŋ taa nɛ ɛya-tʊ se Siberii pɩlɔŋ kɩsɛmʊʊ.
Pɩnaɣ 1770 alɩwaatʊ taa kɛ Peter Simom Pallas woba ɛna lone kʊyʊmdɩyɛ ɛzɩ Lehmann yɔ nɛ ɛna pɩlɔŋ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ kɩsɛmɩtʊ, nɛ kpɛɖɛyɛ pacaŋ palakɩ-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɛzɩ kpanjaɣ kɛ tɔlɩm tʊma ɖeɖe. Palakaɣ tʊmɩyɛ Siberii pɩlɔŋ kɩsɛmʊʊ ɛzɩ kpanjaɣ mbʊ lɛ, ka-tʊmɩyɛ caŋ pɩɖɛna ɛsɩnda lɔŋ lɔŋ nɛ caʊʊ sɛmɩŋ weyi ɛñɩɣlɩsaɣ yɔ nɛ ɛlɩna krokoyiti tɛ yɔ kaapɩsa pɩyʊ siŋ wɛɛ ana a-taa.
Kpaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 18 alɩwaatʊ taa, pakɩlaɣ labɩnaʊ tʊmɩyɛ kurom kɛ tɔlɩm taʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa ɛzɩ kpanjaɣ yɔ. Paɣzɩtʊ taa lɛ, krokoyiti ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ nɛ Ruusi kiŋ yɔ kaakɛna kajalaɣ kiɖe yaa kiɖe sɔsɔyɛ ɛlɛ, pɩnaɣ 1827 pana kurom wondu ɖɩcayɛ sɔsɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ kɛ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa pɩñɔtɩna Baltimore. Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ pɩsɩ mbʊ lɛ kajalaɣ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa pakɩlɩɣ labʊ kurom yɔ, pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩna pɩnaɣ 1848 alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pana ɖɔɖɔ kurom pʊtʊnaa ɖɩcaɣyɛ pɩñɔtɩna Bursa, Turkii ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Siirii
kɛna ɛndɩ taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛna Prɔɔsɩ Ooriyaŋ hɔɔlʊʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ Siirii naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛ Mediteraanee teŋgu nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kiŋ.
Pamaza Siirii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ 185 180 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe takɩlɩ ɖɔʊ nɛ pɩmakʊɣna ɛzɩ 0,06 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Pɩnaɣ 2017 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 17 534 083 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yee pakalɩɣ ɛyaa km2 taa kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ 98 yɔ. Ɖomaɣ fenaɣ 17 wiye pɩnaɣ 1946 kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ. Payaɣ Siirii ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ se Bachar el-Assad nɛ ɛ-tɛ komina yɔɔ cɔnayʊ se Imad Khamis.
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊʊ lɛ araabʊ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Taamaasɩ nɛ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩna walanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Yee ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛyaa nɔɔyʊ kɛ kaŋgalafu yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛma +963 ɛ-tɛ kaŋgalafu kpata yɔɔ pʊcɔ ŋɛ ɛɛma pɩtɛ ɛyʊʊ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ. Liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkɩ-ɖɩ peeɖe yɔ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Liivri siiriyɛnɩ.
Kolize
Kolizee kɛna Roma taa kpaaŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa palakɩ amʊsa ndɩ ndɩ nɛ kɩ-taa nɛ ndema sakɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. Kɩwɛ kuluŋgulu yaa ɖaalʊ yɔɔ. Pɩkɛna kʊjɔŋ ŋgʊ wiɖii nɔɔyʊ tama-kʊ yaa ɛtana ɛna yɔ. Kaaŋ kʊnɛ kɩɖaɣlakɩŋ taa wɛna mɛtanaa 187,75 walanzɩ taa lɛ pɩmaɣna mɛtanaa ɛzɩ 155,60 piyele nɛ kʊ-kʊyɩmɩŋ taa lɛ, pɩtalʊ mɛtanaa 50,75.
Papaɣzɩ:aèk:u maʊ kɛ pɩnzɩ 7° nɛ 72 taa kɛ Yesu kristu lʊlʊ wayɩ. Papaɣzɩ-kʊ maʊ kɛ wiyau Vespasion nɛ pɛtɛm-kʊ siŋŋ kɛ pɩnaɣ 80 kɛ wiyau Titus kewiitu taa. Pɩla mbʊ lɛ wayɩ lɛ, pɛwɛɛ pɛlɛɣzʊ hila ndɩ ndɩ. Kacalaɣ taa lɛ se Flavien kaaŋ nɛ palɩna Domiten kewiitu taa lɛ, pɛlɛɣzɩ-kʊ hɩɖɛ.
Kʊjɔŋ kʊnɛ, paaɖa-kʊ maʊ lɛ, kɩ-taa ɛyaa ɛzɩ kutokiŋ nɩɩnɩwa yaa nɩɩnaza yɔ paapɩzaɣ se pacaɣ kɩ-taa. Kolizenaa yaa kaamɩŋ ɩnʊ pakpaɣkaɣ-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ paɖɩkɩ tɛtɛ wendu nɛ tiyou nɛ pɩkɛdʊna ɛyaa. Pɩɩkɛna ɖɔɖɔ ɖenɖe pawilʊ ɖooo lɔŋ taa yoŋ sɔsɔŋ ndɩ ndɩ yɔ, yaa ɛzɩma paɖʊ ɛyaa mba pakpa-wɛ yɔ sɩm yɔ pɩnɛ ɖooo Roma caanaʊ taa pɔbɔtʊ nɖʊ pɛcɛtaɣ sɩɩnbaa yɔɔ yɔ pɩ-tɔm nɛ mʊyaa mʊyʊʊ. Kolize kʊjɔŋ kʊnɛ, kɩɩwɛ mbʊ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 500 yaa ɛzɩ pɩnz; i mɩnɩŋ VI yɔ.
Fransɩyɔm
Fransɩyɔm, alɩwaatʊ natʊyʊ taa lɛ, paasɩma-ɩ hɩɖɛ ɖɩnɛyɔ se eka-sɛzɩyɔm nɛ akɩtɩnɩyɔm K, ɛkɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 87 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Fr. Ɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm wonuu ŋgʊ kɩwɛna pʊzʊʊ ɖoŋ yɔ nɛ ɛtɔʊʊ cɛnzɩ yɔ. Marguerite Perey yana-ɩ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ pɩlɩna Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ hɩɖɛ ɖʊʊ yɔ.
Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ kpata taa lɛ ɛkɛ pʊtʊ naalɛ weyi ɛwɛ kɩlɩ kɛtɛɖaɣ yɔ kɛ pʊtʊnaa hiŋ nakʊ nɛ naalɛ mba pɛwɛ kpata ŋgʊ kɩ-taa yɔ astatɩ wayi. Ɛwɛɛ kpaagbaa ŋñɩɩ yem kɩɖam waa hiŋ niitozo mbʊ yɔ tɛtʊ pɔɔɖɛ taa. Ɛtɔtɔyɩ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ eeleɖiɣ, pɔyɔkʊʊ akɩtɩnɩyɔ pʊcɔ pana-ɩ. Astatɩ pɩza ɖɔɖɔ se kɩlɩna ʊranɩyɔm taa yaa tɔrɩyɔm taa.