cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Béhanzin
Payaɣ Béhanzin caa se, Da-Da Glèlè Kini-Kini. Béhanzin ɛnʋ sakɩyɛ yaɣa-ɩ se Ahokponu nɛ pɛɖɛyɩɣ-ɩ se prince Kondo. Pɩnaɣ 1875 ñɩŋa taa papazɩ-ɩ ɖɛʋ ḿbʋ. Béhanzin nɛ Porto-Novo tɛtʋ wiyaʋ patanaɣ ɖama nɛ ɛsɩyɛ kpem. Porto-Novo tɛtʋ wiyaʋ payaɣ se Toffa. Pɔkɔma pataa wiyaʋ Béhanzin num kiɖeɖem nɛ ɛpɩsɩ kelekele tʋ lɛ, pɛɖɛ-ɩ nɛ hɩla ndɩ ndɩ. Hɩla wena pɛɖɛɣana-ɩ yɔ, anaa yɔ : payaɣa se Dada, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se samaɣ tɩŋa caa.
Payaɣa-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ se, Dokounnon, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, ɛnʋ tɩna ñɩm tɩŋa payɩ nɛ ɛtɛyɩɣ ɛyaa. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ kɩsɛsɛyɛ lɛɛɖɛ yɔ se, Sèmèdo, hɩɖɛ ɖɩnɛ, ɖɩɖɩ tɔbʋʋ kɛlɛ se, kedeŋa kpeekpe wɩlɩyʋ. Patasa Béhanzin caa ɖɛyʋʋ se Aïnon, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, tɛtʋ kpeekpe wɩlɩyʋ. Paya-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ se, Jèhossou, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, kejisi ndɩ ndɩ tɩŋa sɩnɖʋ. Pɛɖɛyaɣ-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ hɩla sɔsɔna lɛɛna ndɩ ndɩ.
Kpou kɛkɛŋna Béhanzin caa Kini-Kini kigiluu.
Kpelaɣ ŋga pasaɣ-kɛ nɛ kɛwɛɛna naŋgbanzɩ naadozo nɛ naataŋkpala nɛ pɩsaʋ kʋlʋlʋʋ nɛ lɛɛma ŋgʋ pesiki kisiu yɔ nɛ malɩfa ḿba kɛkɛŋna e-kewiyaɣ ɖoŋ.
Emmanuel Kant
Palʋla-ɩ Königsberg tɛtʋ taa Prusse-Orientale egeetiye taa. Ɖajaa Emmanuel Kant sɩba kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ naalɛ (12) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1804 n̄ɩŋga taa.
Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ɛsɩba ɛ-pɩnzɩ hiŋ lutozo (80) taa. Ɖajaa Emmanuel Kant kɛ filozɔɔfʋ sɔsɔ ɛ-alɩwaatʋ taa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se e-wezuu caɣʋ taa ɛñɩnaa se ɛtɩlɩ ɛyʋ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ ɛ-laŋɩyɛ cukaŋ taa.
Filosɔɔfʋ sɔsɔ Emmanuel Kant yebina nɛ ɛyʋ nɩʋ kamaɣ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ piliŋa ñɔ Caama taa.
Ɖajaa Emmanuel Kant yebina ɖɔɖɔ nɛ maɣzɩm ɖeyi ɖeyi tɛ nɩʋ kpayɩ kpayɩ n̄ɩnʋʋ piliŋa ñɔ Caama. Pʋtʋʋ fɛyɩ lɛɣtʋ piliŋa ŋ́ga ka-taa.
Ɖajaa Emmanuel Kant laba filozofii lɛɣtʋ piliŋa taa tʋma sakɩyɛ. Ɛlaba ɖoziye tɔbʋʋ ñɩnʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ. Ɛlaba ɖɔɖɔ taa takʋʋ lɛɣtʋ piliŋa taa tʋmɩyɛ. Ɛlaba kawɩlaɣ kpɛlɛkʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ. Ɖajaa Emmanuel Kant : Critique de la raison pure nɛ Critique de la raison pratique nɛ pɩtasɩna Critique de la faculté de juger.
Loma
Loma kɛ Togo tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Tɩwɛ Togo nɛ hadɛ kiŋ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa. Tɩwɛ mbʊ nɛ pɩɖɛɛna «Golfe de Guinée» teŋgu kidiilimiŋ nɔɔ kpɛɛɛ. Sakɩyɛ tɔŋ se ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ wɛna Togo taa. Ɛlɛ, pɩnaɣ kudukuŋ naalɛ nɛ hiu (2010) ̃nɩŋga taa palaba kɩkalʊʊ lɛ, ɛyaa 1 477 660 wɛna Togo taa. Ɛyaa mba pa-taa lɛ, ɛyaa 837 437 wɛ Loma tɛtʊ taa.
Keziye
Sumasɩ sɔsɔsɩ nzɩ sɩwɛ kpeliŋ tɩyɛ yɔ, sɩ-taa nasɩyɛ payaɣ se keziye. Tɩŋ pe nɛ sumasɩ cikpesi keziye tɔkɩ nɛ ɛcakɩ wezuu. Sumasɩ nzɩ payaɣ se keziye waa yɔ sɩwɛ huwa ndɩ ndɩ taa. Sumasɩ sʋsɔsɩ nzɩ sɩwɛ kpeliŋ tɩyɛ yɔ, sɩwɛ sumasɩ nzɩ payaɣ se "Accipitridés" waa yɔ sɩ-pɩlɩʋ taa. Sumasɩ nzɩ, sɩ-taa lɛɛsɩ tatasɩ wɛʋ sɔnɔdaa.
Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ
Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ wɛ Eerɔpʋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa nɛ nabɛyɛ tɔŋ se ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ Eerɔpʋ nɛ hayi kiŋ. Krandɩ-Piretañɩ, Irɩlandɩ nɛ tɛtʊ ñabɩ ñabɩ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ nɛ pɩta yɔ pɩkpɛndɩna nɛ pala ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ. Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ nɛ Irilandɩ paka kamaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ nɛ Atlantique teŋgu nɛ hayi kiŋ lɩŋgamʊʊ wɛna wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa. Hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Mansɩ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, Irilandɩ teŋuu.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa makɩɣna 246 610 km2. Mbʊ labɩna nɛ pɔtɔŋ se nɖɩ lɛ ɛjaɖɛ 80 ñɩnɖɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa walanzɩ taa nɛ pɩkɛ Eerɔpʋ taa kɔyɔ nɖɩ lɛ 11 ñɩnɖɛ. Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ taa ɛyaa kpɛndɩ miliyɔɔnaa 65 nɛ nɖɩ lɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɛ 22 ñɩnɖɛ keteŋga kpeekpe ɛjaya taa ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa.
Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ yɔ Lɔndrɩ. Ɛsɩndaa wobu nɛ tɔsʊʊ hʊʊ taa lɛ, Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ kɛlɛ kacalaɣ ɛjaɖɛ kɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa. Kewiyaɣ kɩkpɛndaɣ taa ajɛya kpɛnda naanza: Aŋgiletɛɛrɩ, Ekɔsɩ, Gaalɩ Ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Irilandɩ hayʊ kiŋ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩñɔ pɩnaɣ 1707 aliwaatʊ ndʊ Aŋgilitɛɛrɩ nɛ Ekɔsɩ pɛkpɛndaa yɔ.
Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1801 Irilandɩ sɔzɩ ajɛya anɛ a-yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ Eerɔpʋ ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa, Ajɛya wena ayɔɔɖɩɣ Englɩsɩɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔ a-ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se Commonwealth of Nations yɔ ɖɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ, ɖɩwɛ Eerɔpʋ Lɔŋ-tasɩyaa ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɖɔɖɔ, G8 taa, G20 taa, OTAN ŋgbɛyɛ nɛ OCDE, OMC pa-taa nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ ONU taa ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1946.
Alexandre Pouchkine
Alexandre Sergueïevitch Pouchkine kɛ Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ taa tʋ. Ɛkɛ abalʋ weyi ɛfɛyɩ felendu kaʋ yɔ. Palʋla ɖajaa Alexandre Sergueïevitch Pouchkine mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ kɩyakʋ loɖo (6) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye,pɩnaɣ 1799 n̄ɩŋga taa.
Nabɛyɛ n̄ɔtɔŋ size pɩtɛkɛ mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ taa palʋla-ɩ, ɛlɛ, agoza fenaɣ taa kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ loɖo (26) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1799 n̄ɩŋga taa. Palʋla-ɩ Mɔsɩkuu tɛtʋ taa.
Saint-Pétersbourg tɛtʋ taa ɛsɩba. Ɖajaa ɛnɛ, ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ hiŋ naadozo nɛ lutozo (38) mbʋ yɔɔ lɛ ɛsɩba. Ɖajaa Pouchkine kɛ takayasɩ kɩkalasɩ mayʋ sɔsɔ siŋŋ.
Ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ keɣsi yayʋ nɛ ɛtɛ ɛkɛ n̄ɩnɩyʋ sɔsɔ siŋŋ.
Sɔsɔ Alexandre Pouchkine hɔʋ kɛ ñɩm hɔʋ. Payaɣ e-ɖoo se Nadejda Ossipovna Pouchkina. Ɛlɛ kɛ halʋ keɖewa tʋ nɔɔyʋ.
Kɩyɛɛna
Kajalaɣ tɔɔnaɣ ŋga kabɩyɛ tʋ kpakɩɣ hayɩm taa yɔ, ka-kasandʋ payaɣ se kɩyɛɛna. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se poɖuu ɖomaɣ fenaɣ taa, pakʋ mɩsɩ, kɛtɛŋ nɛ hɛ naayɛ paɣzɩ pɩʋ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ ɖɩtɛnɖɛ. Kajalaɣ tɔɔna ŋ́ga ka-kasandʋ kabɩyɛ tʋ tɔkɩ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ taa. Pʋ-yɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ paya fenaɣ ŋ́ga se kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ.
Kɩyɛɛna kɩyakʋ wiye paa haɖʋ weyi ɛn̄ɩnɩɣ se panɩɩ sanɖaʋ taa ɛ-tɛ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ yee pɔsɔba sɔkɔɖɔ nɔɔyʋ tɛ kɩyɛɛna wiye yɔ, pʋwɩlɩɣ se pʋdʋ kɛ haɖʋ siŋŋ. Kɩyɛɛna wiye ɖɔɖɔ papaɣ cɩmʋʋ akpema tɛ. Yee akpenu nɔɔyʋ ɛkɛwɛna ɖaŋ nɛ ɛ-ɖaŋ ɛnʋ ekpezina-ɩ kɔyɔ, kɩyɛɛna wiye ɛ-ɖaŋ ɛnʋ ɛɖʋʋ cɩmʋʋ ɛ-akpenu ɛnʋ ɛ-tɛ nɛ ɛkpaɣ-ɩ halʋ puwiye.
Albrecht Dürer
Ɖajaa Albrecht Dürer kɛ Caama tʋ. Ɖajaa ɛnɛ eeyeba ɛ-ñɔsɩ cimm ɛ-ñʋʋ taa. Palʋla-ɩ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kʋɖʋmʋʋ (21) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1471 n̄ɩŋga taa. Palʋla-ɩ Nuremberg tɛtʋ taa.
Nuremberg tɛtʋ ńdʋ, tɩ-taa peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ ɛsɩba. Ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ loɖo (6) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1528 n̄ɩŋga taa. Ɛ-pɩjatʋ taa, ɛɛsɔɔlɩ anjaʋnaa lɩzʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Ɛsɔɔlɩ ɖɔɖɔ sɩʋ kpelesi saɣʋ tʋmɩyɛ. Toovenum lɛ, Ɛsɔ yele ɖɔɖɔ nɛ ɛpɩsɩ tʋma ana a-naalɛ a-laɖʋ nɛ ɛ-taa la leleŋ siŋŋ.
Ɖajaa Albrecht Dürer kɛ ɖɔɖɔ takayaɣsɩ mayʋ nɛ kuduyiŋ sɔsɔŋ mayʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ tɔlɩm ndɩ ndɩ tayʋ. Ɖajaa Albrecht kɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɩmaɣza ndɩ ndɩ lɩzɩyʋ wondu ndɩ ndɩ yɔɔ. Mbʋʋ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "théoricien de l'art".
Ɖajaa Dürer kɛ ɖɔɖɔ cee siŋŋ maɣzʋʋ lɩmaɣza laɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩɩ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʋnʋŋ taa se "géométrie de la perspective'. Ɖajaa Albrecht Dürer payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se Albertus Dürer Noricus. Ɛnʋ ɖɔɖɔ payaɣ se Dürer Alemanus. Nabɛyɛ ñayaɣ-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ 'keɖeya tʋmɩyɛ laɖʋ cɩkpalʋʋ tʋ'.
Payaɣ Ɖajaa Albrecht Dürer nɛ Caama kʋnʋŋ taa size 'Albrecht Dürer der Jüngere'.
Ɖajaa Albrecht Dürer kɛ naadozo pɩɣa ɛ-caa lʋlʋʋ taa. Payaɣ ɛ-caa ɛnʋ se Albrecht Düre. Ɛ-caa ɛnʋ ɛkɛ liidiye yaa sika wendu luɖu tʋmɩyɛ tʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛ-kpaŋgbamʋʋ payaɣ size Anton Koberger, ɛlɛ kɛ sika yaa liidiye wondu luɖu tʋmɩyɛ laɖʋ.
Kɩnatʋ
Kɩnatʊ kɛna wezuu yaa kalɩzaɣ caɣʊ tɛ wɛtʊ natʊyʊ. Kɩnaʊ wɛtʊ tʊnɛ, tɩpɩzɩɣ tɩha ɖoŋ kɛ weyi ɛwɛna kʊyɔ size, ɛpɩzɩ ɛna mbʊ paanana ɛza pee anɛɛ kpeɖem yɔ. Kɩnaʊ kɛna Ɛsɔ tɛ pɩyʊ yaa Ɛsɔ tɛ ñɩm mbʊ nɔɔyʊ ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛpɔzɩ kɩpɔzʊ nɛ pɩcɔ paha-ɩ kʋ yɔ.
Nɔɔyʊ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ ɛpɔzɩ pʊʊ Ɛsɔ kɩlɩm weyi ɛhaɣ yɔ. Ɛsɔ haɣ ɛ-ñɩm mbʊ yaa kɩnaʊ ŋgʋ kɛ weyi ɛɖʊwa se ɛha-ɩ kʊ yɔ yaa weyi ɛsɔɔla se ɛha-ɩ kʋ yɔ. Weyi ɛsɔɔlɩ-ɩ haɣʊʊ yɔ, ɛlʊlʊkʊ wiye yaa ɖoo e-ɖoo lotu taa ɛha-ɩ kʊ nɛ pɩcɔ nɛ palʊlɩ-ɩ.
Paa weyi ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛkɛ kɩnatʊ. Kɩnaʊ ɛɛtɩŋgʊ hɔŋ yaa cejewaa. Ɛsɔ haɣna ɛzɩ-ɩ ɛsɔɔlʊʊ yɔɔ, hɔʊʊ yaa cejewaa wena ɛsɔɔla yɔ. Halaa kɛʊ kɩnatɩnaa, abalaa kɛʊ ɖɔɖɔ kɩna tɩnaa, nɛ piya kɛʊ ɖɔɖɔ. Kɩnatʋ tɛkɛna size, n̄ɔcɔzɔ kaawɛna yɔ yaa n̄ɔ-hɔʋ taa nɔɔyʋ kaawɛna yɔɔ lɛ pɩwɛ koŋŋ yaa pɩkɛna kɩcɛɣʋʋ size ŋwɛɛna. Kɩnatʋ ɛɛtɩŋgʋ hɔʋ yaa cejewiye liɖe. Nɔɔyʋ pɩzɩʋ ɛpɔzɩ ɛ-tɩ size yʋsaɣ ŋgaa patɩlɩʋna kɩnatʋ yaa weyi ɛwɛna kɩnaʋ yɔ?
Tobi yaa kɛlɛʋ yem lɛ, nɔɔyʋ ɛɛpɩzʋʋ ɛtɩlɩ kɩnatʋ yem n̄ata mbʋ, yʋsaɣ naka-ɩ fɛyɩ kɩnatʋ yɔ size patɩlɩna-ɩ. Kɩnatɩnaa wɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ aduudama yɔ; tɛyɩtʋ natʋyʋ fɛyɩ pɛhɛkʋ taa. Pʋtɔbʋʋ size, kɩnatɩnaa nɛ aduudama patɩŋga pa-ɩ pɛwɛ kɩmaŋ samaɣ taa.
Ɛlɛ yee kɩnatʋ mamaɣ ɛsɔɔla kɔyɔ, patɩlɩ-ɩ size ɛwɛna kɩnaʋ. Ɛlɛ, ɖɩɖɔkɩ size kawɩlaɣ nakɛyɛ pɩzʋʋ kala nɛ pɩwɩlɩna yaa patɩlɩna ɖɔɖɔ kɩnatʋ. Ɖɩkpaɣ sɩzɩ, lʋlʋkʋ alɩwaatʋ taa kɔyɔ, ɖɩnaɣ size, pɩɣa kʋlʋlaɣ ŋga, kɛwɛna yaa kɛfɛyɩna kɩnaʋ.
Kɩnaʋ kɛ Ɛsɔ tɛ n̄ɩm sɔsɔm nabʋyʋ. Pɩɩwɛɛ size palakɩna kɩnaʋ nɛ camɩyɛ lakasɩ ɖeke koŋ. Ɛlɛ ɛyaa tɛ kɩdɛkɛdɩm sɔɔlʋ labʋ yɔɔ lɛ, pakpakʋ kɩnaʋ ŋgʋ nɛ palakɩna kɩdɛkɛdɩm sakɩyɛ ndɩ ndɩ peeɖe ɖɩnaɣ afelaa nɛ kʋdɔnɖɩyaa.
Albert Camus
Palʊla Albert Camus kɛ mɩnzɛma fenaɣ lʊbɛ ñɩŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1913 kɛ Mondovi, Alizeerii ɛjaɖɛ taa, pɩñɔtɩna egeetiye nɖɩ payaɣ se Bône yɔ. Esɩba kɔlaɣ fenaɣ naanza ñɩŋgʊ wiye kɛ Villblevin, Yonne, Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Albert Camus kɛ takayaɣ taa mayʊ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ nɛ ɛk ɛkɛ ñʊʊ taa lɔŋ lɛɛtʊ-tʊ ; ɛmaɣ takayasɩ sakɩyɛ nɛ ɛñʊʊ taa lɩmaɣza ndɩ ndɩ ; ɛkɛ weyi ɛyɔɔdɩɣ toovenim tanaʊ taa yɔ. Nɛ ɛkɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa weyi ɛmaɣ ndʊ tɩlakɩ nɛ ɛnɩyʊ yɔ. Ɛkɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa aseeɖe tɔm kɛdɩya taa mba mba palʊba se Fransɩɩ tɛtʊ ɛwɛɛ tɩ-tɩ yɔɔ kpataa yɔ. Albert Camus wɛ mba palʊba se pasɩna mba kedeŋga kpeekpe taa yoŋ kaalaba nɛ pɩcɔɔ pa-ñʊŋ taa yɔ.
Ɛ-takayasɩ nzɩ nzɩ ɛma yɔ, sɩ-taa tanaʊ tɔm wɛ, ɛmaɣmaɣ ɛ-ñʊʊ taa lɩmaza tɔm wɛ, aseela tɔm nɛ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm ñɩndʊ wɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Keesi nɛɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ lɔŋ tasɩɣ tɔm wɛ sakɩyɛ. Ɛ-takayasɩ nzɩ sɩ-taa, ɛyɔɔda ɛyʊtʊ nɛ abalɩtʊ ndʊ pɩwɛɛ se ɛyʊ ɛwɛna yɔ pɩ-tɔm. Eyɔɔdɩɣ pana wena pɩpɔzɩɣ se ɛyʊ ɛwɛna alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa pɩtɩkɩ-ɩ yɔɔɔ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ tɔm yɔ. Pana ana a-tɛ pana ñaʊ taa ɛyʊ wɩlɩɣna ɛ-ɛyʊtʊ nɛ ɛwɩlɩ se kedenga wɛ ɖɔɖɔ wazaɣ e-fezu caaɣ taa. Mbʊ lakɩna nɛ laŋhʊlɩmɩyɛ wɛɛ ɛcaɣ wezu kɩpangʊ nɛ ɛɛkɔɔ ɛsɩ sɩm kɩpambʊ.
Paha-ɩ takayaɣ maʊ samtʊ nimiye kɛ pɩnaɣ 1957 nɛ ɛ-hɩɖɛ sɛtʊ ndʊ tɩpaɣla kedeŋga kpeekpe yɔɔ.
Aseeɖe tɔm takayaɣ ŋga payaɣ se Combat yɔ ka-taa lɛ, ɛkama ñʊʊ sɩŋŋŋ nɛ ɛyɔɔdɩɣ kaŋganaaa ndʊ ɛnawaɣ yɔ ; paa ɛzɩ Alizeerii tɩ-yɔɔ wɛʊ nɛ palakaɣ-ɩ mbʊ mbʊ ɛ-tɛɛ politika ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payawaɣ se Parti Communiste Français yɔ ɖɩ-taa yɔ. Pɩnzɩ naalɛ ɖekɛ ɛlaba politiki ŋbgɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa nɛ ese-ɖɩ. Camus lɩza kaalaa ɛwɛɖɩɣ kɛ ɛ-tɛ alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ ɛkɛna aseeɖe tʊ. Ɛtaasɔɔlɩ kundum tɔm natʊyʊ nɛ ɛkaɖɩna Jean-Paul Sartre nɛ kɩpɩma sakɩyɛ tɔm ndʊ pɔyɔɔdaɣ nɛ ɛcɔŋna se tɩtɔcɔlɩ yɔ. Herbert R.Lottman yɔɔdɩɣ Camus yɔɔ se ɛkɛkɛ weyi ɛtaatɩɩ wɛʊ politiki ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ taa yeli yɔ ; paa ɛɛwɛ politiki ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payawaɣ se Parti Communiste Alizeerɛɛ yɔ ɖɩ-taa pɩnzɩ naalɛ yɔ. Eeseu sɔɔndʊ you nakʊyʊ ɛsɩndaa : ɛlʊba se tɛyɩtʊ natʊyʊ ɛtaawɛɛ nɛ peniŋ malɩŋ weyi ɛwɛ Afrika nɛ kɩ-hayʊ kɩŋ mba yɔ ; pɩtasɩna Afrika mba mba anasayɩ tʊʊ nɛ ɛyaɣ-wɛ se Naŋgbanzɩ kɩkpɛdaa tɩnaa yɔ.
Ɛ-pɩcatʊ nɛ e-wezuu caɣʊ
Payaɣ Albert Camus caa se Lucien August Camus. Palʊlayɩ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 28 wiye pɩnaɣ 1885 kɛ egetiye nɖɩ payaɣ se Ouled-Fayet yɔ ɖɩ-taa, Alizeerii tɛtʊ taa. Payaɣ ɛ-cɔzɔ se Claud Camus. Palʊla ɛlɛɛ 1809 ; nɛ ɛ-yɔɔdaɣ taa yɔ, palɩna Alsace. Lucien Camus lakɩ anasayɩ sʊlɩm tɩzʊ nɛ pɩ-kpalaba naa taa ɖʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ. Ɛ-caa kpaɣ Catherine Hélène Sintès kɛ kamɩŋ fenaɣ 13 wiye pɩnaɣ 1909 Alger tɛtʊ taa. Palʊla ɛlɛɛ Birkhadem kɛ Kamɩŋ fenaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ-tɛ kɩyakʊ kakpanzɩ wiye pɩnaɣ 1882. E-ɖoo ɛnʊ, ɛkɛ Minorque tɛtʊ taa tʊ, Ɛsɩpaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Pɩnzɩ naatozo wayɩ lɛ palʊla kacalaɣ pɩɣa nɛ paya-kɛ se Lucien Jean Etienne nɛ pɩnaɣ 1913 kɛ kamiŋ fenaɣ taa lɛ, palʊlɩ Albert Camus. Malɩfa pɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ hiɣ-i nɛ pɩcaŋ pɩpɩsɩ-ɩ yʊlʊnzɩ nɛ Sacre-Cœur sukuli ŋgʊ papɩsɩna-kʊ ɖakʊta cikpelu yɔ. Pɩtatɩɩlabɩta kpɩtaʊ lɛ, ɛsɩ aloma fenaɣ 11 wiye pɩnɑɣ 1914. Camus tasɩ ɛ-caa ; e-foto naa nabɛyɛ ɖeke pawɩla-ɩ. Pɛsɛyɩ-ɩ ɛsɔ se ɛ-caa ɛnʊ, ɛtaatɩɩsɔɔlʊ se ɛna nɛ ɛsa pakʊʊ ɛyʊ yɔ. E-ɖoo taanɩɣ camɩyɛ nɛ ɛɛsɩŋ takayaɣ taa kaliɣ nɛ maʊ : ɛcɔŋna camɩyɛ weyi ɛyɔɔdɩɣ na-ɩ yɔ pɩcɔ ɛnɩɩnndʊ pɔyɔɔdɩɣna-ɩ yɔ. Pɩcɔ nɛ pamʊ ɛ-halʊ sɔɔjɛtʊ lɛ, ɛna e-piya paawoba nɛ pacaɣ ɛ-tɛ kɛ e-ɖoo nɛ ɛ-ɖalaa pɔ-cɔlɔ. Etienne kɛ kaayɔɔdaɣ nɛ ɛlakɩ kolaa tʊmɩyɛ. Ɛnɛ e-ɖoo ɛnʊ, pataanɩɣna ɖamaa tɔm-pee nayɛ yɔɔ.
Camus ma ɛ-takayaɣ L’envers et l’endroit taa size : ‘‘Halʊ nɔɔyʊ kɛwɛna mbʊ nɛ ɛ-walʊ sɩba lɛ pɩsʊzɩ-ɩ kʊñʊntʊtʊ sɔsɔtʊ natʊyʊ siŋŋ taa. Ɛɛwɛna piya naalɛ. Ɛɛcaɣ e-ɖoo cɔlɔ ; ɛlɛɛ kʊñɔŋ tʊ lɛlʊ ; ɛ-ɖalʊ ñaakɛ nesi tɛɛ tʊmɩyɛ laɖʊ. Ɛɛlaba tʊmɩyɛ se ehiɣ nɛ ɛtɔɔ. Ɛlaba taɣ yɔɔ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ ɛɛɖʊza e-piya lɔŋ sɩzʊ kɛ e-ɖoo nesi tɛɛ. Ɛɛwɛ laŋgɩyɛ taa ɖɔŋ nɛ ɖoɖoye nɛ ɛɛwɩla e-piya lɔŋ nɛ ɖoŋ’’.
Camus kacaɣ e-kpele Gustave Acault cɔlɔ pɩɖɔɔ nɛ ɛkpaɣ ɛ-lɔŋ. Ɛwɛ francs-maçons waa ŋgbɛyɛ taa nɛ ɛ-ɛsɛ kʊlaa. Ɛsɩna e-koowu se ɛcɔna ɛ-tɩ yɔɔ nɛ ɛsɩ-ɩ takayasɩ ndɩ ndɩ kpou kɩpaŋgʊ taa.
Ɛ-falɩsʊʊ
Camus tɔzɩɣ natʊyʊ : ‘‘Fɛyɛ kpawaɣ-m nɛ kʊñɔntʊtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ma nɛ mɔ-hɔʊ taa ñɩma ɖɩɩwɛ yɔ […] ɖooo lɛ, paa anɩ ɛɛwɛ ɛzɩ ma yɔ nɛ manaa kɛlɛ se kʊñɔŋ tɩna tɛtʊ. Hɛkʊ taa sukuli sɔsɔʊ taa masɩma-tʊ mbʊ’’. Pɩtɛ alɩwaatʊ taa kɛ ɛpaaza pombo mabʊ nɛ ɛpɩsɩ pombo kpayʊ sɩŋŋŋ. Ɛtɩlɩ ñʊʊ taa lɩmaza lɔŋ weyi payaɣ se fiilosofii yɔ. Ɛkɔma nɛ ɛpaazɩ calɩm tɔʊ lɛ, ɖakʊtanaa na pɩnaɣ 1930 se ɛwɛna kpaŋnɩkpofoo kʊdɔŋ nɛ pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩjɛyʊ se pasɩ-ɩ Mustapha ɖakʊta taa. Peeɖe pɩzɩnaa nɛ eyele pombo mabʊ. E-ekpele Acaust nɛ e-neŋ paakɛ aliikiizaŋnaa nɛ pɛwɛɛ Michelet egeetiye taa ; peeɖe pɛtɛza-ɩ wonau nɛ paha-ɩ kuduyuu. Jean Grenier naa se Camus wɛɛ nɛ ɛmaɣ takayasɩ lɛ ; ɛwɛɛ ɛɖʊ-ɩ hʊnʊm nɛ ɛsɩna-ɩ nɛ ɛtɩlɩ Nietzsche.
Caadɩ
Caadɩ kɛna Afrika nɛ hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ nadɩyɛ nɛ lɩŋamʋʋ nakʊyʊ lɩm eekpeŋ ɖɩ-cɔlɔ kpam. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛna Liibii nɛ hadɛkiŋ piyele ɖiwɛɛna Niizɛrɩ nɛ Naajeeriya ajɛya wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa; ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛna Kameruni nɛ Sentrafriki hayɩ kiŋ; pɩkazɩ Suudanɩ ɛjaɖɛ lɛ, Caadɩ wɛna ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ.
Afrika ajɛya kpeekpe taa lɛ, Caadɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ kagbanzɩ ñɩnɖɛ kɛ wena akɩlɩ walanzɩ yɔ nɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa wɛ 1 284 000 km2. Caadɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa pɔɔ ŋga kakɩlɩ walʊɣ nɛ ɖaalakɩŋ yɔ ŋga lɛ Caadɩ Lɩŋamʋʋ piyele nɛ pʊʊ nɣʊ kɩkɩlɩ kʊyʊʊ yɔ kʊkʊ lɛ Emi Kusi nɛ kɩwɛ Tibɛstii pʊŋ hɛkʊ taa. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔ wɛʊ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1960 nɛ ɖɩ-kacalaɣ ñʊʊtʊ payaɣ se François Tombalbaye.
Pɩnaɣ 2003 taa kɛ Caadɩ ɛjaɖɛ sʊ ajɛya wena apɛdɩɣ kaɖazɩm nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna yɔ; ŋgʊ ɖooo lɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɔsʊʊ kɛwɛ pɩsatʊ yaa yɔlɔtʊ, kɛtɛʊ haɖaʊ nɛ naŋ ɖɔɖɛ ɖeke pa-taa. Kaɖazɩm pɛdɩɣ pʊnɛ piyeba nɛ Caadɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɔsʊʊ tasɩ hʊʊ nɛ pɩɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa. Paa nɛ mbʊ yɔ, kedeŋa kpeekpe ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩcɔŋna tɔsʊʊ nɛ ɛsɩndaa wobu yɔ ɖɩtɔŋ se pɔcɔna takayasɩ taa pɩnaɣ 2012 taa lɛ, Caadɩ kɛna ɛjaɖɛ naanza ñɩnɖɛ kɛ kʊñʊndʊtʊ taa.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊtʊ kɩfalʊ kɛ Ɖajaa Idriss Déby.
Keɖe
Keɖe kɛna ɛyʊ nɔɔtaa mɔɔyɛ naɖɛyɛ. Mɔɔyɛ nɖɩ nɖɩ kɩlɩna ɖoŋ kɛ ɛyʊ yaa tɛtɛ kpɩna mɔɔ kpeekpe taa. Ɛyʊ nɔɔtaa kela ɖɔɔ nɛ acɔ ɛ-kɩnandʊ kpɛɛɛ nɛ pɩta. Keɖe hʊlʊmaa nɛ nabʊyʊ taa lɛ, ɖɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɖɩwɛɛ hʊlʊmɩŋ yɔɔ tɩyɛ kɛnɛ.
Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ
Fransɩɩ kɛ Ɛndɩ-Ɛropa kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩlɩnɛ Romanɩɩ cejewaa taa yɔ. Fransɩɩ ñɔɔ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ doo caanaɔ luwarɩ yɔɔdasɩɩ ndi-ndi taa, kɩ-kɛ nɛ hayʊ kɩŋ kʊnʊŋ, nɛ mbʊ nɛ sɔnɔ yɔ ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ waa mɩnɩŋ naalɛ hɩŋ lʊbɛ nɛ nanaaza kedeŋa yɔ cɩna yɔɔdʊʊ kɛ, nɛ ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ naa mɩnɩʊ nɛ hɩʊ nɛ naalɛ yɔɔdʊʊ kɛ paaɖoye nɛ mba palʊlɩ-wɛ nɛ panɩʊ nɛ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ kɛ yɔ papa kɛ miiliyɔɔ naa hɩŋ lʊbɛ nɛ nzina miiliyɔɔ waa hɩŋ lʊbɛ. Pɩnaɣ 2014 ɖɩnaɣ se kedeŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ sukulɩ pɩya cɩkpema nɛ sɔsɔsɩ mba pɛkpɛlɛkʊ anɩsaayɩɩ taa yɔ pɛkɛ miiliyɔɔ waa hɩŋ lʊbɛ nɛ lʊbɛ.
Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖoŋ waɖɛ kɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, ɖoo pɩnaɣ 1992 kɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-kɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe kʊnʊŋ, ɖɩnaɣ-tʊ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɔkʊʊ paɣtʊ takayaɣ hɔɔlaɣ naalɛ ŋga taa. Kɩ-kɛ ɖama lɩmaazaɣ lɛɣzɩʊ pʊyʊ pɩɩŋ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɛzakʊliye nʊmɔʊ taa kedeŋga taa. Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ pɔzɩ ñɩnʋʊ sakɩyɛ kɩ-hɔɔlʊʊ taa mbʊ kihiɣ kɩ-tɩ nɛ kɩwɛɛ camɩyɛ yɔ nɛ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 3 wiye pɩnaɣ 1996 taa paɣtʋ. Tɩ-yɔɔ pɩtɩŋɩɣna nɛ Fransɩɩ kʋnʋŋ ɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa.
Kedeŋa kpeekpe kʊnɩmɩŋ sɔsɔŋ loɖo taa lɛ Fransɩɩ wɛ, ajɛyɛɛ kigbɛndʊʊ nɔɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ taa lɛ kɩ-nɛ Englɩsɩɩ tɔm palakɩna tʊmɩyɛ, kɩ-kɛ ɖɔɖɔ kʊnʊŋ sɔsɔʊ kɛ tʊma ndɩ-ndɩ taa paa ɛjaɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩ-taa paa ekeetiye ndɩ ɖɩtaa, kɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ Eerɔpʋ ajɛyaa kigbɛndʊʊ nɔɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ taa. Ɖoo pʊwayi caanaʊ Fransɩɩ kewiyaɣ alɩwaatʊ taa tɔm hʊʊ pɩlɩŋ nɛ awiya piya kʊnʊŋ, Wp/kbp/Ruusii (Russie)|Ruusii]] tɛtɛ ñʊŋtɩnaa sɔsaa, Ɛspaañɩɩ nɛ Ɛŋglɛtɛɖɩɩ awiyaa nɛ Caama pɛtɛ awiyaa piyaa, kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩyeba se Ɛŋglɛtɛɖɩɩ, Caama  nɛ Ɛspaañɩɩ pɛwɛna ɖama nɛ tabalɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ pɩŋ.
Fransɩɩ wɛtʊ, kʊ-hʊʊ taa nɛ kɩ-paɣtʊ takayasɩɩ kɛ lɔŋzɩndaa nabɛyɛ tʊmɩyɛ, ɛzɩ lɔŋzɩndaa sɔsaa yaa tɩ-yɔɔ wɛʊ sʊkʊlɩ naa, yaa Académie Française, paya-kʊ se akademii kʊnʊŋ. Paa ɛzɩmtaa kɔyɔ kɩ-yɔɔdʊʊ wɛna waɖɛ nɛ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ sɔɔlɩ- kʊ yɔɔdʊʊ lɛlɛɛyɔ nɛ kɩ-kɛ Rabelais nɛ Molière pɛtɛ kʊnʊŋ sɔsɔʊ, ɖoŋlɛɖɛ lɛ Molière kʊnʊŋ maɣmaɣ kɛlɛ.
Anɩza kʊdɔŋ
Anɩza kʊdɔŋ kɛ kʊdɔŋ kɩɖɛɖɛʊ ɛyʊ lotu taa. Kudɔŋ ŋgʊ kʊdɔm wɛ kiɖi kiɖi yaa pɩwɛ ɖoŋ. Kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ pasɩma-kʊ nɛ mbʊ yɔ se pɩlakɩŋ pɩndʊ nɩɣʊ ɖoŋ ɖoŋ nɛ pɩwɛ kahʊyaa tɩyɛ nɛ pɩkpɛndɩna calɩm nɛ mʊʊna nɛ pɩwɩɣ ɛyʊ lotu kpɩŋ kpɩŋ. Ɛbɛ cɔlɔ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩlɩna, nabʊyʊ taa ɛyʊ ɛtɔɔ tɔɔnaɣ nakɛyɛ nɛ ka-taa ɛwɛ pɩyʊʊ mbʊ ɛyʊ loyuu tɔsɔɔlɩ kɔyɔ pɔkɔŋna kʊɖɔŋ ŋgʊ ɛ-tɔɔnʊ taa. Keeke taa lɛ, anɩza kʊdɔŋ wɛ tindime naalɛ. Kajalaɣ lɛ, ŋñɩɩ cɛkaɣ anɩza kʊdɔŋ. Tɔbʊʊ se ŋñɩɩ cɩkaɣ tɩna kɩ-tɛ paɣzɩɣ. Naalɛ ŋgʊ lɛ, lɩm taa kɩɖalʊʊ kɩlɛzɩyʊ ɛlɛ ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩyaa se amibi. Ɛlɛ tɩna kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ paɣzɩɣ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ taa. Pɩwɛ kaɖɛ se ɛyʊ ɛtɩlɩ kʊdɔmɩŋ ɖoŋ ɖoŋ ñɩŋ weyi paayɔda ɛ-dɔm yɔ canaʊ taa se ɛkɛ ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ taa kʊdɔmɩŋ. Ɛlɛ yɔɔdasɩ sakɩyɛ taa kajalaɣ yɔɔdaɣ nakɛyɛ tɔŋ se anɩza kʊdɔmɩŋ sɔsɔŋ kaakɛ weyi Tour tɛ Grégoire kaayɔɔda ɛ-tɔm yɔ. Ɛ-nʊ yebina nɛ patɩlɩ se kʊdɔŋ kɩɖɛʊ siŋ kpaɣɖʊ 6 alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ ɛ-cɔlɔ lɛ kɩkpa wiyaʊ Chipéric Kajalaɣ tʊ nɛ ɛ-pɩyalaa naalɛ. Tɩnʊʊ nɛ kajalaɣ pɩɣa Chlodebert. Piyaa mba pa-naalɛ pasɩna-kʊ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ Gaule tɛ piyaa yɔ. Paayɔɔda anɩza naayɛ tɔm Ɛsɔ tɔm takayaɣ taa se Paul kiɖeɖeʊ wazaɣ nɛ hama lakasɩ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɛ ɛ-caa nɔyʊ tɛ ɖɩɣa taa. Ɖɩnaɣ tɔm ndʊ apostolo waa tʊma labʊ takayaɣ ñʊŋ 28 nɛ cɛcɛsɩ 8 taa. Cɛcɛ ɛ-nʊ ɛɛhɩna nɛ niikaɣ sɔsɔ nakɛyɛ sʊ-ɩ nɛ pɩtamna anɩza. Paul sʊ ɛ-ɖɩɣa taa nɛ ɛla atɩma, ɛkpazɩ e-nesi ɛ-yɔɔ nɛ ɛwayɩ-ɩ ɛ-kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ. Anɩza wena alɩna ŋñɩɩ cɩkaɣ cɔlɔ yɔ kɩpɩzɩɣ kɩwa paa podowona ɛyʊ ɖɔkɔtɔ taa kɔyɔ. Pɩtɛ wazaɣ ŋga kɩlɩna ɖeu mbʊ pʊyɔ yɔ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩtakɩlɩ ɖoŋ ɛlɛ kɩɖɛʊ ɛyaa kpem. Kɩ-tɛ lɩɣna ɖama wondu tukunaʊ cɔlɔ ɛzɩ wondu suu nɛ nɔnɔsɩ ɖɩtʊlɩyɛ ɖɩɖɔkɩyɛ taa nɛ lɩm naa ɖɩsɔyɛ taa. Ɖɔkɔtɔ tɛ kɔɔ pɩzɩɣ pɩwɛna wazaɣ piŋ ɖɔɖɔ. Pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩkɛ kɩjɛʊ se pasɩ kʊdɔŋ tʊ kɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ kuduyuu taa kɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ naa cɔlɔ. Lɩm taa kɩɖalʊʊ kɩlɛzɩyʊ weyi ɖɩyaɣ-ɩ se amibi yɔ ɛlɛ anɩza kʊdɔŋ tɩŋgɩna lɩm mbʊ ɛwɛ pɩ-taa yɔ nɛ ɛkpa ɛyʊ. Kɔzɩ kɔzɩ nɔmɔŋ woɖaa.
Henri Matisse
Henri Matisse kɛ Fransɩ tʋ. Ɛkɛ abalʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Palʋla-ɩ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ, kɩyakʋ niidozo nɛ kʋɖʋmʋʋ (31) wiye, pɩnaɣ 1869 n̄ɩŋga taa.
Ɖajaa ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ sɛmɩŋ taʋ tʋmɩyɛ laɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛlakɩ sɛmɩŋ taʋ tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ nɛ sɔɔlɩm siŋŋ mbʋ yɔ, ɛlakɩ-ɖɩ ɖeu ɛzɩ pʋpɔzʋʋ yɔ. Ɖajaa Henri Matisse lakɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɩzɩtʋ tʋmɩyɛ.
Ɛ-tʋma kaakɩlɩna ɖoŋ yaa yuŋ kɛ kpaɖʋ nɛɛlɛ n̄ɩŋgʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-hɛkʋ nɛ hɛkʋ alɩwaatʋ taa. Pasaŋaɣ-ɩ siŋŋ ɛ-tʋma labʋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa pɩlɩɩna ɛzɩma mbʋ ɛpɩzaɣ ɛpɩsɩɣ paa wonuu ŋgʋ lɛ mbʋ ɛsɔɔla yɔ. Ɖajaa Henri kaakɛ ɖɔɖɔ mbʋ payaɣna Fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "fauvisme" yɔ pʋ-n̄ʋʋ tʋ. Ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ labʋ taa payɩ lɛ, sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ size Pablo Picasso yɔ, ɛkɛna ɛ-taabalʋ nɛ ɛ-sɩnɩyʋ kɔɔnɔɔ tʋ. E-koyindu tʋ yaa ɛ nɛ weyi peheɣlaɣ ɖama yɔ, ɛlɛ lɛ ɖajaa Andy Warhol.
Frédéric Barberousse
Hohenstaufen tɛ Frédéric kajalaɣ tʊ, ɛsɛɛ hɩɖɛ se Frédéric Barberousse (Caama kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, Friedrich 1 Barbarossa, 1122 mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 10 pɩnaɣ 1190), zermaniki Roma tɛ wiyaʊ sɔsɔ, Roma ɛyaa tɛ wiyaʊ, Itaalii wiyaʊ, Souabe nɛ Alsace waa kɩpaɣlʊ, Bourgogne mba tɛ Ɛsɔ. Palʊla-ɩ ɛzɩ pɩnaɣ 1122 cɔlɔ mbʊ yɔ Waiblingen yaa Weingarten tɛtʊ taa, pʊñɔtɩna Ravensbourg, ɛyʊ ɛnɛ yɔ ɛɛkɛ Hohenstaufen Souabe waa tɛ kɩpaɣlʊ tɛ kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ taa wiyaʊ pɩɣa pɩnaɣ 1147 ŋtalɩ 1152 nɛ ɛ-hɩɖɛ kɔyɔ Frédéric 3. Palɩzɩ-ɩ se ɛkɛ Roma ɛyaa tɛ wiyaʊ pɩnaɣ 1152 nɛ papamɩ-ɩ zermaniki mba tɛ cɔjɔtʊ hʊlaɣ pɩnaɣ 1155. Ehiɣ ɛ-hɩɖɛ kɩsɛsɛyɛ pɩlɩna ɛ-tandʊʊ cɔm cɔm ŋgʊ yɔɔ.
Frédéric 1 Barberousse, palʊla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1122. Kɛlɛ lone nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa palʊla-ɩ patasɩm-ɖɩ keeke nɛ pɩcaɣ pɩta. Pɩlɩna nɔnɔɔ takayaɣ kʊyʊmaɣ nakɛyɛ tɛ aseɣɖe tɔm yɔɔ, Bavière tɛ Welfe Judith, se ɛlʊla ɛ-kajalaɣ pɩɣa kɛ akɔma ɖɩɣa sɔsɔ nakɛyɛ taa nɛ kɔñɔtɩna Altdorf. Ŋgʊ pɩ-tɛ alɩwaatʊ taa mbʊ lɛ pɩɩkɛ kɩjɛyɩɣ se paa halʊ weyɩ ɛlʊlɩ ɛ-pɩɣa kɛ ɛ-tɛ tɛtʊ yɔɔ yɔ, mbʊ papɩzɩɣ pɔtɔ se Frédéric wɛʊ yɔ paa pɩla ɛzɩma yɔ e-ɖoo lʊla-ɩ ɛ-tɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛnɛ. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, patasɩ pɩtʊʊ pa-taa se tovonum se Frédéric kɛ kajalaɣ pɩɣa kɛ e-ɖoo cɔlɔ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ wɛɛ ana a-taa lɛ, pɩya kʊdɔŋ kɩsɩbɩɣ nakʊyʊ kaalɩwa nɛ kʊkʊʊ piya cikpesi.
Frédéric kɛ Hohenstraufen Frédéric 2 ɛsɛɛ kpɩɖʊʊ tʊ pɩɣa, Souabe tɛ sɔsɔ nɛ e-ɖoo kɔyɔ Judith, Bavière Henri kɩkpɛdʊ pɛlaɣ, patɩŋa palɩna Ampiiri Kiɖeɖeu taa. Ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 25 lɛ, ɛ-caa sɩ ɛlɛ pɩkɛ pɩnaɣ 1147 alɩwaatʊ taa, nɛ ɛmʊ ɛ-caa kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ Souabe waa tɛ nɛ paya-ɩ se Frédéric natozo tʊ. Conrad 3 tɛ tuda sɩm wayɩ kɛ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 15 pɩnaɣ 1152 Bamberg tɛtʊ taa, mbʊ lɛ, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 30. Frédéric, Souabe waa tɛ Ɛsɔ pɩsɩ Roma tɛ mba wiyaʊ kpaɣ lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 4 pɩnaɣ 1152 alɩwaatʊ kɛ Francfort-sur-le-Main.
Lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 2 pɩnaɣ 1147 evemiye talɩ, Frédéric kpaɣ halʊ Adèle yaa Adélaïde Vohbourg, Cham-Vohbour Diepold 3 tʊ pɛlaɣ weyi paayebina-ɩ Eger tɛtʊ yɔ. Pacaɣ ɖama cɔlɔ mbʊ yɔ kaakɛ ɛlɛ, pɛfɛyɩ pɩɣa mbʊ yebina paya ɖama lakɩŋ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1153 alɩwaatʊ taa Constance tɛtʊ taa, mbʊ pɩtasa se Frédédric eyeba Eger ɛjaɖɛ kɛ ɛɖɛtʊ Frédéric de Rothenbourg. Wiyaʊ sɔsɔ kpaɣ Bourgogne tɛ Béatrice kɛ nesi ɖɔkɩ naalɛ nzɩ ɖeɖe kɛ pɩnaɣ 1156 mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 9 ŋgʊ wiye, ɛɛkɛ pɩɣa cikpelaɣ yem, Rainald 3 tʊ pɛlaɣ nɛ Agathe de Lorraine ɛlɛ ñɛkɛ Lorraine Simon 1 pɛlaɣ, ɛlɛ peyebina Franche-Comté.
Alexandre Sɔsɔ
Alexandre Sʋsɔ ɛnʋ, se Alexandre naadozo n̄ɩnʋ. Ɛkɛ Maaseedʋwanɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tʋ. Palʋla-ɩ pɩla pɩnzɩ 356 nɛ pʋcɔ Yeesu Krɩstʋ kɔɔ kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ. Hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kʋɖʋmʋʋ wiye palʋla-ɩ Pella tɛtʋ taa. Ɛsɩba nɛ pɩla pɩnzɩ 323 nɛ pʋcɔ palʋlɩ Yeesu-Krɩstʋ. Mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ kʋɖʋmʋʋ n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye ɛsɩba Babilooni tɛtʋ taa. Alexandre Sʋsɔ ɛnʋ, ɛkɛ Maaseedʋwanɩ ɛjaɖɛ wiyaʊ. Alexandre naadozo n̄ɩnʋ ɛnʋ ɛ-hɩɖɛ sɛ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ cɩnɛ siŋŋ ɛzɩ ɛyaa sɔsaa lɛlaa yɔ.
Ɛkɛ Philipe naalɛ tʋ pɩyalʋ nɛ Aristote sukuli pɩɣa. Ɛpɩsa Maaseedʋwanɩ ɛjaɖɛ wiyaʋ pɩnaɣ 336 nɛ pʋcɔ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu-Krɩstʋ. Ɛkɛ mba pakɩlɩ sɔɔlʋʋ tɛtʋ ndɩ ndɩ mʋʋ yɔ pa-taa lɛlʋ. Ɛlaba nɛ ɛ-tɛtʋ cikpetu pɩsɩ Perse achéménide ɛjaɖɛ sɔsɔɖɛ. Ɖɩwalɩ mbʋ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ Indus pɔsɩ nɔsɩ. Alexandre Sɔsɔ ɛnʋ ɛɖʋ ageeta ndɩ ndɩ sakɩyɛ. Atalɩ ɛzɩ nɩɩnʋwa nɛ nɛɛlɛ mbʋ yɔ. Payaɣ a-taa sakɩyɛ se "Alexandre".
Mbʋ pɩtɛzɩ yebu nɛ Alexandre Sɔsɔ hɩɖɛ kɩlɩ sɛʋ kpem yɔɔ lɛ se, ɛɛsɔɔla se ɛmʋ halɩ pɩkpɛndɩna tɛtʋ ndʋ ndʋ paasɩŋ yɔ. Ɛ-lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ, ɖɩcaɣ kaɖɛ nɛ sɔɔndʋ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ, ɛlɛ, ɛpɩzaa ɛla ḿbʋ nɛ pʋcɔ ɛsɩ. Ɛ-pɩnzɩ niidozo nɛ naalɛ (32) ñɩnzɩ taa ɛsɩba. Tɛtʋ ndɩ ndɩ ndʋ ɛmʋwa yɔ, yebina nɛ  hayɩ kiŋ ajɛya nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ ajɛya akpɛndɩ lɩmaɣza kʋɖʋma politiki labʋ nʋmɔʋ taa. Ɖooo yɔ, wiɖiyi patana ḿbʋ.
Ɛ-lɩmaɣza ana ayebina nɛ ɛ-sɔɔjanaa sɔsaa ñekpeɣli ageeta ndɩ ndɩ nɛ akpɛndɩ kʋɖʋma kpaɣ ɛjɛya ndɩ ndɩ n̄ɩnʋʋ nɛ a-mʋʋ tɛ alɩwaatʋ nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna Room n̄ɩma alɩwaatʋ.
Kootidiivʊwarɩ
Kootidiivʊwarɩ ɛjaɖɛ wɛ Afrɩka nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa nɛ ɖɩwɛ afrika ɛjɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se Uniyɔɔ Afrikɛnɩ yɔ ɖɩ-taa. Ɖɩwalanzɩ taa maɣna ɛzɩ kilomɛta agbaba 322 462 yɔ. Ajɛya wena awɛ kamasɩ yɔɔ yɔ ana yɔ: hayɩ kɩŋ lɛ, Maalii nɛ Purkina Fasoo ajɛya, piyele nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ Liibeeriya nɛ Kiinee ajɛya, wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlɩyɛ taa lɛ Kana tɛtʊ nɛ yee pɩkɛ hadɛ kɩŋ kɔyɔ Atɩlantiiki lɩm kamʊʊ ñɛwɛna ɖɩnɛ.
Pahayɩɣ kɔfɩ nɛ kaakawoo nɛ Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa payɩ lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ pɩtɔtɔyɩna-ɖɩ. Kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1990 taa lɛ, you nakʊyʊ lɩ peeɖe ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ kɩfɛyɩ tɛm pɩkkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna se Félix Houphouët-Boigny sɩba pɩnzɩ naatozo wayɩ. Pɩnaɣ 2000 taa pɔtɔ caca lɛ, palɩzɩ ñʊʊtʊ kɩfalʊ se ɛsɔ ɛwɛɛ kɔyɔ pɩhɛɛ ɛlɛ pɩɩsaŋ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna se salaŋ fenaɣ 19 pɩnaɣ 2002 lɛ, sɔɔjanaa nɛ samaɣ pakʊyɩ ɖama yɔɔ. Lakɩŋ fenaɣ nanza wiye lɛ, pekpeelɩ Purkiina Fasoo ɛjaɖɛ ta kɛ Wagaadugu tɛtʊ taa se pakpaɣ paɣtʊ nɛ peyele you. Peeɖe ɛya kpɛndɩ miliyɔɔnaa 25,2 kɛ mbʊ yɔ.
Kalikuta
Kalikuta yaa Kolikata kɛŋna Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩ wɛnaʊ wazaɣ kpem kɛ Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ ndʊ lɛ Pɛŋgaalɩ ŋgʊ kɩwɛna wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ yɔ kɩ-tɛ tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ nɛ tɩwɛ pɔɔ ŋga payaɣ se Hugli yɔ ka-niwaŋ yɔɔ.
Kalikuta taa ɖeɖe lɛ pakali ɛyaa kɔyɔ patalɩɣ ɛzɩ ɛyaa miliyɔɔnaa 4 399 819 yɔ ɛlɛ yee pɛkpɛndɩna tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-tɛɛ ageeta wena acɔ-tʊ nɛ ataa ɛlɛ awɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ Kalikuta taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ɛyaa ɖɔɔɔ nɛ pɛkpɛnda ɛyaa ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa hiiu nɛ looɖo (16 000 000).
Mbʊ yebina nɛ nɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkɛna natutozo ñɩndʊ kɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Pʊtɔbʊʊ kɛlɛ se kacalaɣ ñɩnɖɛ kɛlɛ Teeli nɛ naalɛ ñɩnɖɛ yɔ Pombe. Yee pakpaɣ keteŋa kpeekpe taa ajɛya taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ payɩ nɛ pakalɩ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɔyɔ, Kalikuta kɛŋna tɛtʊ hiu nɛ naanza ñɩndʊ (14).
Payaɣ kalikuta malika ñʊʊtʊ kɩfalʊ se Sovan Chatterjee.
Keɖeya ñɩzɩm (l'esthétique)
Nesi tɛɛ tʊma ndɩ ndɩ taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɛstetiki piliŋa cɔŋnana nɛ kɔtɔzʊʊ wena akɩlɩ ɖeu kpem yɔ. Ɖooo kpaɖʊʊ XVII ñɩŋgʊ taa pakpaɣ ɛstetiki se kɩkɛ mbʊ piɖe siŋŋ yɔ pɩtɛ lɛɣtʊ piliŋa. Ɛstetiki lɛɣtʊ piliŋa kaɖɩɣna mbʊ payaɣ se nzʊlʊmɩyɛ yɔɔ leleŋ nɩʊ yɔ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ kpaɣ ɖooo kpaɖʊʊ XIX ñɩŋgʊ taa lɛ, ɛstetiki lɛɣtʊ piliŋa pɩsɩ nesi tɛɛ tʊma labʊ tɛ filozofii. Yee nesi tɛɛ tʊmlaɖʊ nɔɔyʊ ɛsaɣ sɩʊkpelaɣ nakɛyɛ nɛ ɛsɩɩ kɔyɔ, ɛyʊ cɔŋna-kɛ lɛ, peheyi-i natʊyʊ koko. Nesi tɛɛ tʊmlaɖʊ ɛɛsakɩ sɩʊ kpelaɣ nakɛyɛ yem nɛ kɛfɛyɩna tʊbʊʊ. Ɛsakɩ-kɛ pɩtɩŋna ɛ-lɩmaɣzɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ yɔɔ.
Nabʊyʊ taa kɔyɔ, nabʊyʊ ɛna samaɣ taa pɩtɛkɛdɩna-ɩ nɛ ɛsaɣ sɩʊ kpelaɣ nakɛyɛ nɛ pɩlɩɩna wɛtʊ ndʊ ɛnaa yɔ yɔ tɩ-yɔɔ. Nesi tɛɛ tʊmlaɖʊ pɩzɩɣ ɛna nabʊyʊ yaa ɛna natʊyʊ samaɣ taa nɛ pɩkɛdɩna-ɩ pɩŋŋ. Ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛsaɣ sɩʊ kpelaɣ nakɛyɛ nɛ pɩlɩɩna kɔ-yɔɔ lɛ, ɛyaa na yaa polosi ɛ-lɩmaɣza. Yee nesi tɛɛ tʊmlaɖʊ nɔɔyʊ ɛpɔzɩ Caabiyuu se ɛha-ɩ wezuu kɩɖaɣlʊ siŋŋ kɔyɔ, nabʊyʊ taa ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛsaɣ akpadɩyʊ koŋgo nɔɔyʊ sɩʊ kpelaɣ nɛ ɛsɩɩ ɛ-nɔnɔɔ taa. Ɛyʊ naɣ-kɛ lɛ, ɛpɩzɩɣ ekpe nesi tɛɛ tʊmlaɖʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-maɣzɩm.
Lotu
Lotu kɛna ɛyʊ yaa tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ taa mbʊ pɩwɛɛ nɛ pɩ-taa kɛ tɔɔnasɩ cakɩ yɔ. Ɛyʊ tɔkɩ tɔɔnasɩ nzɩ payɩ yɔ, sɩtɛzʊ likiyuu nɛ sɩtɩɩ hiluu taa nɛ pɩcɔ sɩtalɩ lotu taa siŋŋŋ. Lotu taa kɛ mooti ŋgʊ kɩnaŋgʊ tɔɔnasɩ nzi ɛyʊ tɔkɩ payɩ yɔ. Pɩnaŋgʊ-sɩ nɛ pɩtɛ lɛ, pɩcatɩ-sɩ camɩyɛ nɛ pɩpalɩ anaɣam mbʊ pɩpɩzɩ nɛ pɩha ɛyʊ tomnaɣ kɛ ɖoŋ, kpekpeka nɛ alafɩya yɔ.
Anaɣam mbʊ pɩ-nɔmɔʊ kɛlɛ calɩm. Calim kpakɩɣna-pʊ nɛ pɩyɛlɩna ɛyʊ tomnasɩ kpeekpe taa. Lotu paɣzɩɣna hiluu nɛ pɩtɛmna taabɩye.
Lotu wɛ nabʊlɛ taa: loyuu sɔsɔʊ wɛɛ nɛ loyuu cikpeluu wɛɛ, kʊkʊ ɖaɣlaa kɩkɩlɩ loyuu sɔsɔʊ nɛ kɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɖɩm ɖɩm. Loyuu cikpeluu kʊnɛ kɩkɛna kaɣyʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkakɩ kʊtɔmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ se ɩtaasʊʊ calɩm taa yɔ ɛlɛ tɔɔnasɩ taa anaɣam ñɛɖɛʊ yem walaaa. Loyuu ɖɩm ɖɩm kʊnɛ kɩ-taa peeɖe kɛ kʊtɔmɩŋ weyi ɛtasɩ yaa ɛtapɩzɩ nɛ ɛsʊʊ calɩm taa yɔ, ɛcakɩ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ lotu ndʊ tɩfɛyɩna pɩtɛ ɖoŋ yɔ, pɩtɛ tomnaɣ ŋga kɛfɛyɩna alaafɩya siŋŋ. Mbʊ tɩna nɛ yee ɛyʊ ɛcaɣ se ɛtɔɔ nandʊ natʊyʊ taa lotu yɔ, pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩcɛyʊ se ɛtɩzɩ-tʊ nɛ tɩpɩɩ camɩyɛ siŋŋ.
Ɛyʊ taa lotu ɖalaakɩŋ taa wɛ ɛzɩ mɛtanaa lubɛ nɛ litoozo yɔ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa (7 yaa 8). Nɛ yee payasɩ-tʊ landammm kɔyɔn tɩ-walanzɩ taa wɛ ɛzɩ mɛtanaa 300 nɛ 400 yɔ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se yee pakpaɣ pombo ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ nɛ anasayɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se tenisi yɔ kɔyɔ, pɩmaɣna ɛzɩ pɩ-tɛ katasɩ nasɩlɛ yɔ. Ɛyʊ mbilim lɛ, lotu kɩlɩna walanzɩ, pɩtɩŋna hʊzʊŋ (80) nɛ tɔnʊʊ (1,73).
Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɔɔnasɩ tiki hiluu taa lɛ, kɩkpatʊʊ-sɩ yɔbɩ yɔbɩ nɛ pʊcɔ nɛ kiyekina loyuu ɖɩm ɖɩm. Loyuu kʊnɛ kɩhɔɔwʊna tɔɔnasɩ nzɩ mununu nɛ kɩcatɩ-sɩ nɛ kɩlɩzɩ sɩ-taa anaɣam nɛ siyekina calɩm se pɩtalɩ tomnaɣ kpeekpe taa. Pɩkasa caajaasɩ nzɩ nɛ sɩɩtasɩɣ tomnaɣ wazɩɣ yɔ, sɩɖɛɣ loyuu sɔsɔʊ taa nɛ sɩpɩsɩ pɩndʊ nɛ ɛyʊ nɩ-tʊ nɛ ɛ-taabiye.
Lotu lakʊʊ tɔɔnasɩ naŋgʊʊ nɛ sɩ-taa anaɣam palʊʊ yɔ, pɩtɛkɛ paa ɛzɩmtaa. Pɩfɛyɩ ɖeu se ɛyʊ ɛwɛɛ tɔɔnasɩ tɔɔwʊ yɔɔ nɛ pɩɖɛɛ ɖoo taa ñɩɩtʊ 11 nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ yɔɔ, yaa ñɩɩtʊ 22 nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ yɔɔ. Mbʊ yekina nɛ pusuyu ɛyʊ. Ɛyʊ taa loyuu ɖɩm ɖɩm kʊnɛ kɩ-ɖaalakɩŋ wɛ ɛzɩ kpaɣ mɛtanaa naatozo nɛ looɖo yɔ, pɛ-hɛkʊ taa.
Guillaume 2 (Caama tɛ wiyaʋ)
Frédéric Guillaume Victor Albert Hohenzollern tʊ (Caama kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albrecht), palʊla-ɩ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 27 pɩnaɣ 1859 Perɩlɛɛ tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛsɩ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 4 pɩnaɣ 1941 taa Doorn, Peyibaa ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛkɛ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1888 ŋtalɩ e-kewiyaɣ kizuu alɩwaatʊ pɩnaɣ 1918, natozo tʊ nɛ kpaagba awiyaa taa wiyaʊ sɔsɔ nɛ nakʊ nɛ kpaagba wiyaʊ Prusse ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Ɛɛkɛ Hohenzollern ɖɩɣa taa ɛyʊ, paya-ɩ e-kewiyaɣ alɩwaatʊ taa se Guillaume 2 tʊ, ɛɛkɛ Guillaume 1 tʊ sɛyɩ (kajalaɣ awiyaa taa wiyaʊ sɔsɔ Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa) nɛ ɛkɛ Frédéric 3 tʊ pɩɣa ŋga ka-kɩyakɩŋ maɣnɩ 99 yeke yɔ nɛ ŋga ɛlɛɛza. E-ɖoo, Kaiserin Victoria pɛɖɛyɩ-ɩ se ɛjaɖɛ wiyaʊ sɔsɔ halʊ, kaakɛ Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ Ɛjaɖɛ tɛ Victoria pɛlaɣ ɛ-nɛ wiyaʊ pɩɣa Albert Saxe-Cobourg-Gotha.
Pɩtɩŋna tɔsʊʊ huu yɔɔ lɛ, tɔm kɛdɩyʊ Francine Dominique Liechtenhan tɔzʊʊ se Guillaume 2 tʊ kɔna wazaɣ sakɩyɛ Caama tʊma sɔsɔna. Sukuli naa cikpema nɛ sukuli naa sɔsaa tʊma sɩna nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɛna ɛsɩnda pɩkɔɔ pɩpɩsɩ nɔɔ kʊyʊmaɣ ɛjaɖɛ. Canaʊ laɣsɩ nasɩyɛ nesi tɛɛ tʊma naa sukuli yeba nesi tɛ tʊma tɩna tɩna ɖɔɔ. Sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ tɛ tɩna yele lɛɣzɩɣ kɩfam sʊʊna-wɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa kpaɣ ɛzɩ tɔmnasɩ ɖɔnɛ tʊma nɛ lɛɣtʊ tʊma anasaayɩ mɩŋ tʊma nɛ pɩ-tɛ kɔ. Kaiser-Willhelm-Gesellschaft ñasɩna-wɛ ñɩnʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa.
Ɛtɛma e-sukuli labʊ Cassel Gymnasium nɛ Bonn sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa lɛ, ekizi se ɛkpaɣkɩɣ halʊ kɛ ɛ-ɖɛtʊ Élisabeth de Hesse-Darmstadt nɛ eyele ɛkpaɣ wiyaʊ pɛlaɣ Augusta-Victoria Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderbourg-Augustenbourg tʊ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 27 pɩnaɣ 1881 weyi payaɣa se Donna (palʊla-ɩ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 22 pɩnaɣ 1858 nɛ ɛsɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 11 pɩnaɣ 1921).
Kɩzɩkʊ kɩkpɛdʊʊ
Ɖɩcɔna nɛ ɖɩnaɣ yɔ Erɔpʊ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ ɛyaa mɩnʊʊ yɔ lɛ ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ naa nɛɛlɛ nɛ kɩgbanzɩ sɩkaɣna kʊɖɔŋ ŋgʊ kɛ pɩnzɩɣ kɩgbanzɩ taa. Kʊdɔŋ kɩɖɛɖɛʊ ŋgʊ kɩpaza kʊkɔna tɩlasɩ sakɩyɛ Erɔpʊ samaɣ ɛsakuliye nɔmɔʊ taa kɛ kajalaɣ wɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa. Kudɔŋ ŋgʊ kʊkɔɔ kɩtasɩ lɩɣ ɖoŋ ɖoŋ ajɛyɛɛ wena pʊtʊkɩna yɔ a-taa pɩnzɩɣ 1348 nɛ 1355 alɩwaatʊ taa Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ Aŋgɩlɩtɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ pɩnzɩɣ 1360 nɛ 1369 alɩwaatʊ taa keeke. Hɛkʊ Alɩwaatʊ sɩma kʊdɔmɩŋ kɩɖɛɖɛŋ sakɩyɛ pʊtɔbʊʊ se alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kʊdɔŋ lɩɣ sakɩyɛ. Mbʊ lɛ, Justinien kɩzɩkʊ hazɩɣ Wɩsɩ Ɖɩlɩyɛ ɛjaɖɛ pajamɔyɔɔ kpaɣɖʊ loɖo alɩwaatʊ. Kʊdɔŋ kɩtɩna se ɛyaa kɩɩɖɔʊ Erɔpʊ ɛjaɖɛ taa Hayɩ Hɛkʊ Alɩwaatʊ taa. Kʊdɔmɩŋ lɛɛŋ weyi ɛwɛ ɖoŋ yaa ɛmaɣna nɛ ɛwɛ lonaa kʊyʊma taa yɔ paɣzɩ lɩɣ yem yem nɛ ɛtɔyʊʊ. Kʊdɔmɩŋ ɛ-tɩŋga mbʊ yɔ ɛlɩna tɔɔnasɩ kɩɩtalʊʊ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ taa cɔlɔ nɛ pɩhaɣ ɛjandʊ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ. Kalɩmʊlaɣ tomiye kʊdɔŋ cɛyaɣ siŋ Azii hɛkʊ ɛjaɖɛ taa, ɛlɛ pʊwɛ ɛzɩ Mongolɩ nɛ Siini ɛyaa hɛkʊ taa you kaatɩna kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ lɩɣ. Kɩlɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ pɩnaɣ 1334 alɩwaatʊ taa Siini kewiyaɣ ajɛyɛ cikpena taa ɛzɩ Hubei nɛ kɩwalɩ nɛ kɩtalɩ ajɛyaa wenaa añɔtɩna yɔ a-taa Jiangxi nɛ Shanxi nɛ Hunan nɛ Guangdong nɛ Guangxi nɛ Henan nɛ Suiyuan nɛ ɛjaɖɛ kɩpɩnɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩ-yɔɔ kaawɛ tɔm kɛ Mongolɩ ɛyaa nɛ Siini ɛyaa pɛ-hɛkʊ taa yɔ.
Kpaɣ nɛ mbʊ tuda kɩzɩkʊ ŋgʊ kɩwalɩ Erɔpʊ tɩŋga taa ɖooo haɖɛ nɛ hayʊ nɛ lonaa wenaa a-taa kɩpɩzɩɣ se kɩsʊʊ yɔ. Ɛyaa taafɛyɩnaa tomnasɩ taa kaɖɩnayʊ yaa kɔyɛ ndɩ palʊbɩna kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ yɔ. Kʊdɔmɩŋ sakɩyɛ tɛma camʊʊ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ pɩtɩŋna ñɔɔsɩ yɔ nɛ niikaɣ kadadayaɣ wɛtʊ ndʊ tɩɩwɛ kpaɣɖʊ 13 alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ kɩ-tɛ yoŋ yɔ.
Mbʊ pɩkpaɣna nɛ pɩtalɩ malɩŋ ajɛyɛ nɛ mʊzʊŋ tɛtʊ kɩkpaɖɩtʊ ageetaa pɩnaɣ 1345 nɛ 1350 alɩwaatʊ taa. kɩkpaɣ nɛ ɖooo Hayi Egipiti nɛ pɩtalɩ Alexandrie nɛ Kɛɛrɩ ageetaa pɩnaɣ 1348 aloma fenaɣ taa. Kɩtalɩ ɖɔɖɔ Palestine ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖɛfɛyɛ ɖɛfɛyɛ Acre, Sidon, Peehiruti, Tripoli nɛ Tamasɩ kɛ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ taa. Kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kilesa ɛyaa sakɩyɛ weziŋ ajɛyaa a-naa a-taa.
Kahʊyaɣ sɔsɔɣa
Kahʊyaɣ Sɔsɔɣa kʊdɔŋ kɛ loyuu cikpeluu taa sɔtʊ kʊdɔŋ. Kɩkɛ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ tɛ kʊdɔŋ kɩɖɛɖɛʊ ŋgʊ kɩlɩna Vibrio cholerae tɛ ŋñɩɩ cɩkaɣ cɔlɔ yɔ. Pacini ñɩnɩna nɛ ɛna kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ pɩnaɣ 1854 nɛ Koch ɖaɣnɩ-kʊ naʊ pɩnaɣ 1883 taa. Keeke lɛ, kɩkɛ ɛyaa yeke koŋ kʊɖɔŋ. Pasɩma-kʊ nɛ tuda kahʊyaɣ nɛ ɖoŋ ɖoŋ kahʊyaɣ (hiluu nɛ loyuu cɩkpeluu) nɛ pʊñɔʊ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ taa lɩm tɩŋga. Kɩlaɣsɩ kpeekpe taa lɛ, kʊkɔŋna ɛyaa sakɩyɛ sɩm, pʊtɔbʊʊ se ɛyaa mba potowona-wɛ lɔŋ fɛɖaa tɛ yɔ. Kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ ɖɛʊ tɩŋgɩɣna ɛyʊ yɔɔ, kɩlɩna mbʊ ɛyʊ lɩzɩɣ ɛ-tomnaɣ yɔɔ yɔ, pɩtɩŋna lɩm kɩñɔñɔm yɔɔ yaa tɔɔnasɩ nzɩ sɩwɛ asuluma yɔ sɩ-yɔɔ. Tɔnʊʊ taa alaafɩya ŋgbɛɛ ndɩ ɖɩwɛ kedeŋga kpeekpe yɔɔ ɖoŋ yɔ ɖɩwɩlɩɣ se kahʊyaɣ kʊdɔŋ Sɔsɔɣa tɩna, pɩtɩŋna ɛyaa kɩkalʊʊ yɔ lɛ, ɛyaa kudokiŋ mɩnɩɣ tɛ sɩm. Kahʊyaɣ Sɔsɔɣa kʊdɔŋ kɛ lotu taa kʊdɔŋ kɩɖɛɖɛʊ ɖoŋ ŋgʊ ŋgʊ kɩlɩna Vibrio cholerae tɛ ŋñɩɩ cɩkaɣ cɔlɔ yɔ. Kɩ-tɛ ɖɛʊ tɩŋna helim taa yaa lɩm taa nɛ tɔɔnasɩ nzɩ sɩ-taa wɛ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ yɔ. Hiluu taasiziŋ (ɖɩkɩyaɣ 1,2 ŋtalɩ 1,8) kɛ pʊdʊ weyi ɛlʊkɩna kahʊyaɣ Sɔsɔɣa kʊdɔŋ pee yɔ. Pɩkɩlɩɣ ɖɔʊ (ɛzɩ ŋñɩɩ cɩkaɣ talɩɣ miliilita naa 100) papɩzɩɣ pɛtɛzɩɣ nɛ pakpa loyuu. Paasʊʊ tomnaɣ taa ɛlɛ, pañakɩ nɛ pɔñɔɔna loyuu taa lɩm kʊhʊlʊmɩŋ (hɛkʊʊ taa loyuu cikpeluu).
Kɩlɩzɩɣ sɔtʊ lɩm nabʊyʊ nɛ pɩwalɩ kadadayaɣ, pɩkɛ lɩm lɩɣ nɔmɔʊ kɩpaŋgʊ nɛ sodiyɔm nɛ kʊlɔrɩ (loyuu taa wonduu tɩŋga). Keeke taa lɛ, lɩm mbʊ pɩlɩɣ yɔ pɩɖanɩɣ-pʊ sɔyʊ, ɛlɛ, lɩm mbʊ pɩlɩɣ yɔ pɩwɛ ɛzɩ ɖɔɖɔ pɩɖaɣnɩɣ ñɔʊ tɛ lɩm yɔ. Mbʊ wɩlɩɣna kahʊyaɣ Sɔsɔɣaɣaɔ keeke tɛ wɛtʊ nɛ kɛ-tɛ ɖoŋ pɩzɩɣ pɩkɔna ɛyʊ sɩm pɩtɩŋna ɛzɩma lɩm tɛŋ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ taa yɔ.
Kahʊyaɣ ŋga kɛwɛ tuda. Kaawɩlɩɣ laɣsɩ nasɩyɛ. Kaawɩɣ ɛyʊ lotu, ɛlɛ, kahʊyaɣ kele kele nakayɛ lɩɣ. Kɛwɛ ɛzɩ mɔʊ lɩm nɛ ka-taa wɛ toota. Kalɩɣ mʊzʊŋ nɛ kɛkpɛndʊʊ ɛyʊ taa. Kɔɖɔ sakɩyɛ pɩtɩɩfɛyɩ (pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ lita mbʊ yɔ ñɩɣyʊ kʊyʊmʊ yɔɔ). Kahʊyaɣ masɩŋgʊʊ ŋga yɔ kanɩɣ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ piŋ nɛ kɛɖɛʊ kpɛdɛ kpɛdɛ egetiye mbilim. Ɛyʊ weyi kahʊyaɣ ŋga kɛwɛnɛ-ɩ yɔ pɩ-tɛ ɛyʊ ɛ-nʊ ɛtɔʊ ɖɔɖɔ siŋ.
Kʊlɔɔyʊ
Kʊlɔɔyʊ kɛna ɛyʊ yaa tɛtɛ kpɩna taa taŋɩyɩ nɔɔyʊ nɛ ɛwɛ sinaɣ hiu ŋga cɔlɔ. Kʊlɔɔyʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛna nɩmɩyɛ yɔɔ kɩŋ. Ɛcaɣ wɛʊ ɛzɩ hʊzɩŋ yɔ ɛlɛ pɩtɛkɛ hʊzʊʊ. Kɩwɛ sɛmɩŋ kpaʊʊ yaa nabʊyʊ taa kɔyɔ kɩwɛ yuulee tɩyɛ. Kɩwazaɣ ɖɔɔ kamaɣ fɛyɩ: ŋgʊ haɣna ɛyʊ yaa tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ kɛ ɖɔŋ nɛ ɛpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɛlakɩ ɛ-tʊma nɛ pɩɩkɩlɩ-ɩ nɩʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, kɩkpakɩɣ calɩm nɛ kɩtɛyʊ tomnaɣ kpeekpe taa.
Pʊtɔbʊ se kɩ-tʊmɩyɛ nɛ hʊzʊŋ pacaɣ wɛʊ kɩmaŋ. Kʊlɔɔyʊ malɩna hʊzʊŋ nɛ papɩzɩɣ pɑlɩzɩ-kʊ hʊzʊʊ yɔɔ. Palalasa-kʊ yɔ, pɩnaɣ camɩyɛ se kʊ-yɔɔ huɖuuvyaa anwa fɛlɛ fɛlɛ nakʊyʊ wɛɛ pʊcɔ nɛ pɩ-tɛɛ ŋgu ñɛwɛɛ. Kʊlɔɔyʊ yɔɔ nɛ calɩm hosi ndɩ ndɩ nɛ hosi nzɩ sɩ-taa kɛ calɩm tɩŋna nɛ pɩyɛlɩɣ ɛyʊ tɩŋa yaa tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ hɔɔlɩŋ tɩna taa.
Caama
Caama ɛjaɖɛ wɛ tuuɖe kedeŋa ŋga payaɣ se Eerɔpʋ yɔ kɛ-hɛkʊ taa ɖeyi ɖeyi. Caama ɛjaɖɛ kɛ kɩkpɛndɩɣ ajɛya. Caama ɛjaɖɛ wɛ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-hɛkʊ taa: hayʊ kiŋ lɛ, Hayʊ teŋu, Taanemarɩkɩ nɛ Palitiki Teŋgu, wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, Pɔlɔɔñɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Cɛɛkɩ ɛjaɖɛ, hadɛ kɩŋ lɛ, Otirisi nɛ Suwiisi ajɛya, pɩkazɩ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊiyɛ taa lɛ Fransɩɩ, Lugizamburi, Pɛlɩsiki nɛ Peyiiba ajɛya. Caama tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ kɔyɔ, Pɛrɩlɛɛ, ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, Hamburg, Munich nɛ Polɔɔñɩ. Komina loniye sɔsɔyɛ wɛ Pɛɛrlɛnɩ tɛtʊ taa nɛ Pɔɔnɩ. Tɛtʊ ndu payaɣ se Frankfort-sur-Main yɔ, ndʊ lɛ tɔsʊʊ huu tɛ tɛtʊ.
Ɖooo pɩnzɩ mɩnɩʊ waa 15 taa kɛ caama mba mba pawɛ Caama nɛ hayʊ kɩŋ yɔ, pɛkpɛnda nɛ pɛwɛɛ mbʊ payaɣ se prootɛsɩtaŋ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ aŋgba yɔ pɩ-taa. Pɩnaɣ 1933 kɛ Naazii waa kpaɣ kehiyaɣ kpelaɣ nɛ pɩla mbʊ hɛɛɛ hɛɛɛ nɛ kedeŋa kpeekpe you naalɛ ñɩŋgʊ paaza. Kedeŋa kpeekpe you naalɛ ñɩŋgʊ tɛma nɛ pahaba Naazii sɔɔjana lɛ, Caama lesi kɩ-tɛtʊ kpeekpe nɛ kɩtɛyɩ nabʊlɛ taa: wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, RFA nɛ RDA ñɛwɛɛ Sooviyetiki ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ nesi tɛɛ.
Pɩɩtɛyɩ mbʊ lɛ, koloŋa sɔsɔɔ nakɛyɩ kaakaɣna ajɛya anɛ anaalɛ ahɛkʊ taa nɛ payaɣ-kɛ se Pɛɛrlɛnɩ koloŋa. Pinaɣ 1989 tɛ kamɩŋ fenaɣ taa kɛ koloŋa ŋga kɔyɔka nɛ pɩkɔma aloma fenaɣ 1990 lɛ, hɔɔlɩŋ naalɛ ɛnʊ ɛkpɛndɩ. Caama mba kʊnʊŋ kɛ Caama nɛ euro kɛ pɔtɔkɩ se liidiya.
Eerɔpʋ kpeekpe tɔsʊʊ hʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa lɛ, Caama kɛna ɛjaɖɛ kacalaɣ ñɩnɖɛ nɛ kedeŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɛ naanza ñɩnɖɛ. pɩnaɣ 2011 taa lɛ, Caama kɛna ɛjaɖɛ naalɛ ñɩnɖɛ kɛ wena akpakɩɣ atɔsʊʊ nɛ añɩm nɛ apɛdɩɣ nɛ agbaa yɔ. Ajɛya 28 wena awɛ Union Eerɔpɩyɛɛ yɔ a-taa lɛ, Caama taa koŋ kɛ tʊma ñɩnɩya tɔɖɔɔ, pʊtɔbʊʊ se kɩyɛna fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 2015 kanɛ ka-taa mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lɛ, ɛyaa ceeke naanza nɛ hɔɔlʊ ɖeke ñɩniʊ na tʊmɩyɛ se pala. Caama tɛtʊ taa ɛyaa hɛza nɛ paalakɩ kʊñɔmɩŋ caaa.
Caama nɛ Eerɔpʋ ajɛya lɛɛna panɩna nɛ ɖama nɛ pɔñɔzɩ kɩgaʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ sɔnɔ se Eerɔpʋ ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ taa yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ G7 taa, G20 taa, nɛ pɩtasɩna OTAN kɩgaʊ taa. Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ Eerɔpʋ hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ liidiya ɖɩkpɛndɩyɛ tɛ koozaɣ sɔsɔɣa wɛɛ, pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ ajɛya kpeekpe t;ɔm ɖɩhʊyɛ nɛ teŋgʊ yɔɔ waɖɛ tɛ kpelaɣ sɔsɔ wɛɛ.
Henri Poincaré
Hanri Poincaré, palʊla-ɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 29 pɩnaɣ 1854 alɩwaatʊ taa kɛ Nancy tɛtʊ taa. Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛsɩ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 17 pɩnaɣ 1912 alɩwaatʊ taa kɛ Paarii tɛtʊ taa. Ɛɛkɛ lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩyʊ, tomnasi ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ, lɔnsɩnɖɛ tʊmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊ nɛ fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ sɔsɔ. Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛlba tʊma sakɩyɛ pɩlɩna naʊʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ yɔɔ nɛ kpaagba kɔtɩɩ pɩyʊ tɛ akɔnta labʊ yɔɔ.
Henri Poincaré, ɛkɛ Emile Léon Poincaré pɩɣa, ɛlɛ kaakɛna cɛjɛ kɛ Nancy ɖɔkɔtɔnaa kuduyuu taa. Ɛ-halʊ kɔyɔ Marie Pierrette Eugenie Launois. Nikolas Antonin Helène Poincaré kouu, mbʊ pɩtɩna nɛ ɛnɛyɔ ɛkɛ Germain ɖɛtɩnaa yɔ, ɛyʊ ɛnɛyɔ ɛɛkɛ politiki tʊ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ. Raymond Poicaré nɛ Lucien Poincaré, ɛlɛ ñakɛ sukuli hɔɔlʊʊ kɩlɛlʊʊ ñʊʊtʊ. Henri kɔɔ Aline Poincaré ñawalɩ lɔnsɩnɖɛ tʊmɩyɛ kpelɛkʊʊ tʊ, Emile Boutroux.
Poincaré kaawɛna pɩnzɩ kɩgbaanzɩ lɛ, liu tɛ huɖuu kʊlʊmʊʊ kʊɖɔŋ caɣzɩ-ɩ tataa halɩ pɩtalɩ fenasɩ kɩgbaanzɩ nɛ piyele pʊɖʊ-ɩ se ɛsɔɔlɩ kalʊʊ. Pɩla mbʊ nɛ ɛkɛ pɩɣa mandana mana kɛ Nancy hɛkʊʊ taa sukuli taa. Kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 5 ŋgʊ pɩnaɣ 1871 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, ɛmʊ kalʊʊ takayaɣ kɛ nabutozo ɖɩwɩlɩyɛ sukuli taa nɛ takayaɣ ŋga pama kɔyɔ se Ɖeu.
Pɩnaɣ pɩsa lɛ, ɛmʊ nabutozo ɖɩwɩlɩyɛ taa tɩlɩyɛ takayaɣ ɛlɛ, pɩlaba-ɩ kaɖɛ piŋ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ paha-ɩ ɛ-takayaɣ kɩmaɣmaɣ yɔɔ kɛ kpɛɖɛ mayaɣ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛtakɔɔ maɣzɩtʊ alɩwaatʊ yɔɔ nɛ ɛtanɩ ndʊ pɔpɔza yɔɔ tɩ-tɔbʊʊ camɩyɛ,ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ lɛɣtʊ tɩlʊʊ takayaɣ yɔɔ.
Pʊkɔma pɩnaɣ 1881 ɖomaɣ kɩyakʊ 20 taa lɛ, ɛkpaɣ halʊ paya-ɩ se Louise Poulain Andecy, ɛɛkɛ Isidore Geoffroy Hilaire kiɖeɖeu pɛlɛ cikpelu. Kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1887 ŋtalɩ 1893 taa lɛ, palʊla piyaa naanza, mba yɔ Jeanne (1887 ŋtalɩ 1974), weyi Léon Daum kpaɣ halʊ yɔ, Yvoonne (1889-1939), Henriette (1890-1970), nɛ Léon (1893-1972).
Kʊdɔŋ kɩɖɛzʊʊ (Maladie infectueuse)
Kʊdɔŋ kɩɖɛzʊʊ kɛ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ pʊtʊ ŋñɩɩ tomnaɣ tʊ nɔyʊ kɔŋna yɔ. Kʊdɔŋ sɔtʊ tʊ yaa ŋñɩɩ cɩkaɣ tʊ yaa sɔyɩyʊ yaa kpɛŋgbɛka yaa kajalaɣ kpɩnɛ. Pʊtʊna mba pɛɖɛzɩɣ-kʊ yɔɔ pɛ-tɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ lɩna ɖɔkɔtɔ naa cɔlɔ nɛ wezuu kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɩna cɔlɔ nɛ kʊdɔmɩŋ kɩlɩlɩŋ kpɛlɛkʊʊ cɔlɔ. Kedeŋga taa lɛ kʊdɔmɩŋ kɩɖɛɖɛŋ paɣlɩɣ mba pɛwɛna tomnasɩ nɛ pe-fezuu yɔ pɛ-tɛ. Ɛzɩ kpɩna nɛ tɩŋ nɛ pɩ-ñɩtʊ nɛ tomnasɩ cikpesi tɩna. Kʊdɔŋ sɔtʊ wɛ ɖɔɖɔ kʊdɔmɩŋ sɔtʊ taa. Kʊdɔmɔŋ ɛ-nʊ ɛ-tɛ ɖɛtʊ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩna pʊtʊ weyi kɩwɛ ɛ-yɔɔ yɔ ɛyʊ yaa kpɩnɛ yaa mbʊ payi pʊcɔ ɛyʊ nɛ pɩ-taa yɔ.
Kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ ɖɛʊ wɛ ɖoŋ siŋ yaa pʊtɔma pɩmana. Ɛzɩ tetanusi, pɩkɛ kʊdɔŋ kɩɖɛzʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩlɩna Clostridium tetani cɔlɔ yɔ, ŋñɩɩ cɩkɑɣ ŋga kɛwɛ tɛtɛ yɔ. Ɖɛtʊ natʊyʊ fɛyɩ tɩtɩŋna ɛyʊ yɔɔ. Kɩ-tɛ tɩŋgɩɣna ŋñɩɩ cɩkaɣ nakɛyɛ yɔɔ nɛ kasʊʊ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ taapɩtɩŋna heŋ weyi ɛ-taa wɛ azuuna yɔ. Kɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ wɛ nɛ pɔsɔkɩ-ɖɩ ɛyaa se kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa wɛ nɛ pɩkɛ kɩjɛyɩɣ se pɔsɔkɩ-ɖɩ paa ŋga ɛzɩ katalɩ sukuli wobu yɔ kɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ wɩsɩ kʊdɔŋ mbʊ yɔ kɩtɩŋgɩna sɔyɩyʊ nɔyʊ yɔ, kɩnamɩyɛ tɛ kɔɔnaɣ ɖalʊ falciparum (ɖalaa lalaa wɛ ɖɔɖɔ), kɩtɩŋna pɔɖʊʊ yɔ nɛ kɩɖɛʊ ɛyaa, pɔɖʊ halɩ ŋgʊ. Ɛyʊ yɔɔ sɔyɩyʊ ɛ-nʊ ɛwɛ ɛlɛ ɛyʊ lɛlʊ nɔyʊ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ ɛɖɛzɩɣ lɛlʊ. Nɛ ɖɩyɔɔdʊʊ alɩwaatʊ tɩ-nɛ yɔɔ yɔ kɔyɛ kɩsɔbɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ pɩlɩna kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-yɔɔ. Kpeziwɩlaɣ kʊdɔŋ ɖɛʊ ɛyaa pɩtɩŋna helim taa. Ɛyʊ yɔɔ kɩwɛ nɛ kɩɖɛʊ ɛyaa siŋ. Ɛzɩma ɖɩlakɩ nɛ kʊdɔŋ kɩɖɛzɩɣ ŋgʊ kɩtakpaɖʊ, mbʊ ɖɩwɩlɩɣ yɔ. Ɖe-feziŋ nɔnɔsɩ, ɖɩkpezɩɣ lɛ,pɩpɔzɩɣ se ɖɩkpezi pɩsacɩmɖɛ taa yaa ɖe-nesɩ taa nɛ ɖɩsaŋ kpagbaa nɛ ɖɩ-taɖɛzɩɣ nɔɔyʊ. Tɔɔnasɩ ɖeɖe pɩwɛ se ɖɩsaŋ ɖe-nesi camɩyɛ pɩcɔ ɖɩtɔkɩ ɖɔ-tɔɔnasɩ nɛ ɖɩsuluu lɩm naa yɔɔ camɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩtɩzɩɣ tɔɔnasɩ sɩ-bɩɣʊ camɩyɛ pɩcɔ ɖɩtɔkɩ. Ɖɩñalɩɣ ɖa-kɩcɩkpɩŋ taa ɖɔkɔtɔ naa cɔlɔ nɛ ɖɩsɔʊ lɩm ɖoŋ ɖoŋ. Lɩm mbʊ pɩta fɛyɩ asuma yɔ. Kʊzʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa lɛ, ɖɩla tʊmɩyɛ nɛ kʊzʊʊ huyu.
Keɣsi yaʋ
Keɣsi yaʋ wazɩɣ-ɖʋ we ? Ɛyaa nabɛyɛ wɛɛ paanɩɣ keɣa tɔbʋʋ. Ɩmaɣzɩ ɛvalaa yɔɔ. Ɛvalaa kpaɣ ahoye yɔɔ nɛ pokoo lɛ keɣadʋ ɛfɛyɩ nɛ ɛkʋsɩ pa-nandʋ taa kɔyɔ, pɩɩsaŋ-wɛ paʋ. Mbʋ ɖɔɖɔ nɔɔyʋ wɛɛ lɛ, ɛñɩtɩɣ ɛnɩɩ keɣa taŋ lɛ, pɩwɛ ɛzɩ eyele wembu ɛlakaɣ yɔ nɛ ɛpaa. Ɖɩnɩɣ kpaagbaa mbʋ se keɣa taa wɛ leleŋ nɩɩyɩ.
Keɣa leleŋ wɛ le ? Nabɛyɛ maɣzɩɣ se keɣa ɖɩyayɛ wɛʋ mbʋyɔ, tɔm yem pɔyɔɔdʋʋ. Tɩɣtɩɣyɛ taa, yee ŋtɛkpɛlɛkɩ keɣa yaʋ ŋŋpɩzɩɣ ŋkpa-kɛ nɛ ɖoŋ wiɖii. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, yee ɛyaa naalɛ ɩya keɣa kʋɖʋmaɣ nɛ ŋwelesi-kɛ, ke-leleŋ tɛkpɛndɩ. Pʋtɔbʋʋ se keɣa sɔzɩŋ wɛ ka-kalɩyʋ cɔlɔ. Mbʋ ɖɔɖɔ ɖiheyiɣ-mɩ sɔnɔ se mɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɩkpɛlɛkɩ keɣsi kalʋʋ.
Ɛzɩna mbʋ ɖɩmaɣ kabɩyɛ kʋnʋŋ takayɩsɩ taa yɔ, mbʋ ɖɔɖɔ ɖɩmaɣ kabɩyɛ keɣsi. Ƞɖɔkʋʋ takayaɣ nɛ ŋkuli-kɛ lɛ, ŋkalɩɣ ka-taa matʋ se ŋnɩɩ tʋ-tɔbʋʋ. Keɣa tɔm nɛ tɩdɩ. Nyaɣ-kɛ se ŋnɩɩ ke-leleŋ. Nɔɔyʋ ɛwɛ ñɔ-cɔlɔ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ɛnɩɩ ke-leleŋ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ɛyʋ ɛɛyaɣ keɣa e-liu tɛɛ. Yee ŋna keɣa takayaɣ taa, kaɣzɩ ñe-liu tɛɛ, ŋñɩnɩ nɔɔ kɩbaŋga nɛ ŋkalɩ-kɛ ñɔ-nɔɔ kʋyɩ.
Ɖɩkalɩyɛ taa peeɖe lɛ, ŋsɩma ɖenɖe ñɔ-nɔɔ kʋyʋʋ ñaba nɛ ɖenɖe ñɔnɔɔ tiki fɛfɛ yɔ ; ŋsɩma ɖenɖe ŋkalɩɣ lɛɛlɛɛ nɛ ɖenɖe ŋkalɩɣ tɛmmm yɔ. Yee ŋɖɔŋ paɣtʋ tʋnɛ tʋ-yɔɔ kɔyɔ, ŋkaɣ keɣsi yaʋ camɩyɛ. Mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, keɣa mayʋ maɣza pɩt-ɩŋgɛ payɩ mbʋyɔ pʋ-yɔɔ.
Kabɩyɛ kʊnʊŋ
Kabɩyɛ kɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ taa kʊnʊmɩŋ naalɛ weyi palɩzaa se pɛkpɛlɛkɩ ɛ-maʊ nɛ ɛ-yɔɔdʊʊ sukulinaa taa yɔ. Kabɩyɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ nɛ Ahʊna kʊnʊŋ palɩzaa. Togo tɛ sɔnɔ lɩmaɣza paɣtʊ taa lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ kʊnʊŋ wɩlɩɣ se pakpaza-wɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa tʊma wena ayeki nɛ ɛyʊ welesi nɛ ɛnɩɣ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ tɔm (raadiyoonaa nɛ televisiyɔɔnaa pawɩlɩɣ-kʊ komina sukulinaa taa nɛ pakpa-kʊ kɔɔlɛzɩ ɖamɩŋ naanza nɛ naadozo kɛ BEPC ɛzɩ kɩtɛkɛ kɩjɛyʊʊ hayɩsʊʊ takayaɣ yɔ. Papaɣzɩ Kabɩyɛ kʊnʊŋ maʊ pɩnaɣ 1930 taa, ɛlɛ, pɩɩkɛ pɩnaɣ 1980 taa ɛjaɖɛ taa kabɩyɛ kʊnʊŋ yɔɔ kandɩyaa ŋgbɛyɛ, nɖɩ pɩsɩna sɔnɔ kabɩyɛ tɔm maʊ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa ŋgbɛyɛ, kɩkɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ tɛ samaɣ lɩm ɖʊʊ tɛ piliŋa ŋga kɛkɛdɩna yaa kamaɣ fɛyɩ yɔ. Pamaɣ kabɩyɛ tɔm nɛ Romanɩ masɩ kɩñɔɔzɩsɩ. Masɩ tʊzʊʊ lɩna Afrika maʊ kpata kɩtʊzɩnaʊ yɔɔ. Matʊ lɛɛzʊtʊ kɩbandʊ Fada sɔsɔ Adjola Raphael ñɔzɩna nɛ ɛwɩlɩ nɛ palakɩna-tʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ŋgbɛyɛ Katoliki mba hɛkʊ taa.
Kabɩyɛ maʋ
Pɩnaɣ 1930 kabɩyɛ maʋ pazaa. Anasaayɩnaa cɛbɩna kɩjɛkʋ nɛ pama masɩkpɛlɛkʋʋtakayaɣ. 1932’lɛ, Fada Antoine BRUNGARD, lɩzɩ kɔɔnɔɔ masɩ kpɛlɛkʋʋ takayaɣ. Kpaɣna pɩnaɣ 1960 lɛ, Togo Kewiyaɣ maɣmaɣ kpaɣ kʋnʋmɩŋ tɔm nesi naalɛ. Wɩlʋʋ nɛ kpɛlɛkʋʋ minisinaa labɩ ɛsatʋyaa tɔm yɔɔ tɔmɖonaataa tazʋʋ kediizaɣ Teeraŋ (Iranɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa) nɛ paɖʋ tamaɣ ɛsatʋyaa sukuli wɩlʋʋ tɔm yɔɔ lɛ, Togo lɩzɩ kɔmisiyɔ nakʋyʋ nɛ tʋma naayɛ se pala lɩmaɣza nɛ pana se kʋnʋmɩŋ weyi ɩ-taa papɩzɩɣ pala ɛsatʋya asukuli Togo taa. Pʋbʋ taa palɩza Ahʊna kʊnʊŋ Panaɣ nɛ Kabɩyɛ Kʋnʋŋ Panaɣ, palɩzɩ Imprimerie de l’Alphabétisation se kɩwɛɛna Togo kʋnʋmɩŋ maʋminziininaa, kɩlɩzʋʋ Ahʋna nɛ Kabɩyɛ takayɩsɩ ñɩlɩñɩlɩ. Mbʋ pɩɖɔma woɖeyɔɔwoɖeyɔɔ nɛ pʋkɔɔ pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1977 nɛ kʋnʋmɩŋ panzɩ pɩsɩ kɔmiteewaa.
Pɩnaɣ 2011 kiŋ, kawiya takayaɣ nakɛyɛ pɩsɩna kɔmiteewaa mba akademiiwaa.
Pɩdɩɩkpaɣna pɩnaɣ 1930 yɔ, pama takayɩsɩ sakɩyɛ ɛyʋ fezuu caɣʋ hɔɔlɩŋ tɩŋgɛ taa. Kabɩyɛ ñɩmba mawa, Togo ñɩmba mawa, Ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaa mawa, Anasaayɩnaa mawa. Pama masɩkpɛlɛkʋʋ takayɩsɩ, Ɛsɔtɔm takayɩsɩ, kʋnʋŋ paɣtʋ takayɩsɩ, lakasɩ cɔlʋʋ takayɩsɩ, romaɣwaa, tɔm kpou, akɔnta takayɩsɩ, sɩyansɩ takayɩsɩ, tɔsʋʋ tɔm takayɩsɩ, ppw. Sɔnɔ yɔ, Kabɩyɛ kʋnʋŋ maʋ masɩ wɛ ɔrdinatɛɛrɩ yɔɔ. Kabɩyɛ mɔlaa kɩkpa Ɛntɛrnɛtɩ yɔ. Akademii wɛna Ɛntɛrnɛtɩ ɖɛɣa. Ɖɛɣa ŋga ka-hɩɖɛ yɔ, www.academiekabiye.jimdo.com. Pakalɩɣ-kʋ wilipedia yɔɔ.
Kɛlɛ kaɖɛ sɔsɔyɛ kɛna kabɩyɛ ŋgʋ kɩ-kalʋʋ. Pɛtɛma tɔm ndʋ maʋ yɔ, pɔkɔŋ se pakalɩɣ-tʋ lɛ, pɩwɛ cacarɩɩ. Ɖooo pɩnzɩ sakɩyɛ yɔ, maya, kalɩyaa, ñɩnɩyaa nɛ kpɛlɛkɩyaa, pɛwɛɛtɩɣ-tʋ ɖama, ɛlɛ nɔɔyʋ ɛɛkaŋ ñʋʋ se esiɣ-tʋ kpeŋgbeluu yɔɔ nɛ pɔcɔɔlɩ. Kabɩyɛ Akademii cɔnaa se pɩkɛ kɩjɛyʋʋ se tomiye nɖɩ ɖɩhɛɖɩ. Mbʋ labɩna nɛ kɩpazɩ-pʋ-tɔm yɔɔdʋʋ pɩnaɣ taa kenjemkediizasɩ taa.
Panañaɣʋ wɛɛ. Sukulikɩ tɛzɩŋ nɛ Sukulinaa sɔsaa taa wɩlɩyaa mba pɛwɛ Akademii taa yɔ, palakɩ lɩmaɣza nɔɔ pañɩnɩɣ, pewiliɣ ñɩnɩyaa lalaa takayɩsɩ taa, pewelesiɣ kʋnʋŋ tʋmɩyɛ labɩnɩyaa, panɩɣ samaɣ taa ɛyaa nɔsɩ taa tɔm, nɛ pakpakɩɣ pɩ-tɩŋgɛ palakɩna tʋmɩye. Akademiidaa ñɩmba cɔɔlʋʋ ñɩnɩyaa tɔm taa yasʋʋ lɛ, pɔɖɔkʋʋ ndʋ tɩmaɣ-wɛ yɔ nɛ pɛɖɛɣba ɛsɩndaa.
Akademii ɖɔkʋʋ ndʋ se pɩsɩna kabɩyɛ kalʋʋ, nabɛyɛ naɣ-tʋ lɛ, tɩkalʋʋ tamalɩna pɔ-nɔsɩ, ti-welesuu tamalɩna pa-nɩŋgbaŋgɩŋ. Ɛlɛ, tɩsɩɣna nɛ kalʋʋ wɛɛ kɛlɛʋ nɛ tɔm taa nɩʋ ñala ɖɔɖɔ tobi. Pʋ-yɔɔ lɛ, paa weyi, kabɩyɛ ɛsɩndaa woninaʋ lɩmaɣza ɩwɛɛ ɛ-ñʋʋ taa. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɛɣna ɛsɩndaa, wondu kɩvatʋ lɩɣ, lɩmaɣza kɩfana ñɔʋ. Pʋmʋnaa se kʋnʋŋ ɛwɛɛ kpegbeka, kɩfam ɛdaaɖɛɛ kɩ-yɔɔ, ɛlɛ kɩwɛɛ kɩfam mbʋ pɩ-wayɩ kpam nɛ kɩ-nandʋ taa hɛɖɩ. Kʋnʋŋ ŋgʋ kɩpɩsɩɣna kɩdɩ kɩ-pɔɔyʋʋ taa yɔ, kɩsɩkɩ. Yee kiyebi kɩ-nandʋ taa, helim fɛtɩɣ-kʋ, kɩpaɣlɩ paɣlaka sɔsɔɔ, nɛ ɛyaa sɔɔlʋʋ-kʋ sɔɔlʋʋ yɔɔ. Ɖɩnɛ pɔtɔŋ se kʋnʋŋ wɛ kpegbeka. Kolokaɣ ŋga ka-taa kabɩyɛ kʋnʋŋ wɛɛ, kɩcaɣ se kɩkɛ ɛɖɩɣyɛ. Kɩhɛɖɩ kɩ-kalʋʋ kaɖɛtoma se piɛena-kʋ.
Caama kʊnʊŋ
Caama kʊnʊŋ payaɣna Caama taa se Deutsch [ˈdɔʏtʃ ] kɛ Ɛndɩ-Erɔpʊ kʊnʊŋ. Kɩ-tɛ nɛ Cermaniki hɔʊ piliŋa ŋga kalɩna wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kɩŋ yɔ. Pɩlɩna kɩtɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ sakɩyɛ tɛ yɔɔdasɩ ndɩ ndɩ yɔ lɛ pʊwɛ ɛzɩ kɩwalɩ ɛjaɖɛ yɔ yɔ.
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ caanaʊ tɔm, kɩ-wɛ ndɩ Caama wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kɩŋ kʊnʊmɩŋ mbʊ lɛ pɩpazɩna doo hayʊ wɛɛ cɩkpetʊ taa, matʊ lɛɣzɩtʊ naalɛ ndʊ.
Ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ taa lɛ, mba panɩɩ-kʊ yɔ paya-wɛ se germanophone waa, pɛdɛ ɖama tɛyɩʊʊ taa lɛ padalɩ miiliyɔɔ waa mɩnɩʊ,mbʊ yebina nɛ Eerɔpʋ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ Caama kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlɩ yɔɔdʊʊ Ɛrɔpa ajɛyɛɛ nɔɔ kʊɖʊmaɣ kɩgbɛndʊʊ taa.
Kedeŋga sɩm tɛyʊʊ taa, Eerɔpʋ taa lɛ Caama kʊnʊŋ kɛnɛ kʊnʊŋ sɔsɔʊ kɛ Caama Ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ Otirisi taa nɛ Lɩɛstɛnstɛɛnɩ taa nɛ Suwiisi taa nɛ Lugizamburi taa, nɛ Pɛlɩzɩkɩ taa nɛ Itaalii hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ payaa se Tɩɩrɔl nɛ hadɛ kɩŋ yɔɔ.
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ ajɛyɛ naayɛ taa ɖɔɖɔ ana yɔ Fransɩɩ nɛ Taanemarki nɛ Cɛɛkɩɩ nɛ Sɩɩlɔvakii nɛ Pɔlɔñɩɩ nɛ Rumaanii, ɛlɛ komina tahaɣ waɖɛ se kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-kɛ sɔsɔʊ kɛ ajɛyɛ ana a-daa.
Afrika kedeŋa taa lɛ ajɛyɛ naalɛ taa pɔyɔɔdʊʊ Caama kʊnʊŋ, Namibii nɛ Tanzaani. Amerika taa lɛ Amerika nɛ hayʊ kɩŋ ɛlɛ nabʊyʊ taa hɛkʊ nɛ pɩdɛ Caama mba mba pɛwɛna canaʊ lakasi ɛzi kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ paya se Pennsylvanien, ɛlɛ Amish cejewiye lakina-ɖɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ. Amerika nɛ hadɛ kɩŋ lɛ Paraguwee nɛ Chili nɛ Arzantiini nɛ Brezilii nɛ Venezuela pɔyɔɔdʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ Caama tɔm. Caama tɛkɛ kʊnʊŋ sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ ajɛyɛ kɩgbɛndʊʊ nɔɔ kʊɖʊmaɣ taa yɔ.
Alfred Hitchcock
Alfred Hitchcoch kɛ laɖʊ, lɩzɩyʊ, ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ Piritaniki sinimaɣ tʊma tanaŋ laɖʊ, palʊla-ɩ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 13 pɩnaɣ 1899 kɛ Leytonston tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛsɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣkɩyakʊ 29 pɩnaɣ 1980 kɛ Bel Air Los Angeles tɛtʊ taa. Ɛyʊ ɛnɛyɔ ɛmʊ niiye Piritaniki tɛtʊ taa sɩnɩma tʊma laɖa tɩŋa yɔɔ pɩtɩŋna 2007 ndɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ pɩlɩtʊ natʊyʊ yɔɔ.
Ɛlakaɣ pɩnzɩ ɛzɩ hiu waa loɖo tʊmɩyɛ taa lɛ, ɛla sinimaɣ naa mba pɔyɔɔdʊʊ yɔɔ hiŋ kɩgbanzɩ nɛ naatozo. Ɛlɛ pʊcɔ lɛ, ɛkalaba sɩnɩma naa mba paayɔɔdʊʊ yɔ nɛ pʊcɔ ɛlakɩ kɩyɔɔda. Alfred kʊyɩ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ewolo ɛcaɣ Hollywood tɛtʊ taa, pʊcɔ kedeŋga kpeekpe you sɔsɔʊ paɣzɩ. Pʊkɔma ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 20 pɩnaɣ 1955 alɩwaatʊ taa, ɛmʊ Amerika ɛjaɖɛ ɛyʊtʊ ɛlɛ eteyele Piritaniki ɛyʊtʊ ndʊ tiyeba se ɛ-ɛsʊtʊyʊtʊ alɩwaatʊ tala lɛ, pakpa-ɩ se ɛkɛ Piritaniki Ampiiri yɔɔ paɣtʊ yɔɔ sɩŋgɩyʊ.
Alfred Joseph Hitchcock, palʊla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1899 Leytonstone tɛtʊ taa, tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩwɛ Londre nɛ hayi kiŋ yɔɔ. Ɛkɛ William Hitchcoch weyi palʊla-ɩ pɩnzɩ ɛzɩ 1862 nɛ ɛsɩ pɩnaɣ 1914 alɩwaatʊ taa pɩɣa. E-ɖoo kɔyɔ Emma Jane Hitchcock, palʊla-ɩ Whelan pɩnaɣ 1863 nɛ ɛsɩ pɩnaɣ 1942. Ɛ-caa kaakɛ kalɩma pɛdɩyʊ nɛ tɩŋ pee nɛ hatʊ ɖozi pɛdɩyʊ ɖɔɖɔ.
Alfred weyi e-ɛcɔzɔ hana-ɩ hɩɖɛ yɔɔ, ɛ-caa ɖalʊ, ɛɛkɛ tɩnʊʊ kɛ piyaa naatozo hɛkʊ taa. Ɛ-ñʊʊ yɔɔ mba yɔ, William nɛ Eileen, keeke lɛ, palʊla-wɛ pɩnzɩ 1890 nɛ 1892 alɩwaatʊ taa kɛnɛ. E-liɖe taa ɛyaa sakɩyɛ kaakɛ katoliki mba, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ e-ɖoo nɛ e-neze kɛ cɛjɛ liɖe taa kaakɛ Irlandi ɛyaa. Londrɩ tɛtʊ taa lɛ, Hitchcock laba Ignatius kɔlɛzɩ kɛ Stamford Hill, pɩɩkɛ sukuli ŋgʊ kɩɩwɛ Yeesuu Krɩstʊ ɛgbadɩnaa nesi tɛɛ yɔ. Evebu ɛnɛyɔ ɛkɛtɩɣ ɛ-pɩjatʊ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, ɛɛwɛ eyeke ɛlɛ pakandaɣ ɛ-yɔɔ ɖeu, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ ɛɛwɛ eyeke kɔyɔ se ɛkɩlɩ kiɣ nɛ ɛkɩlɩ paɣlʊʊ. Ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛpɩzɩ yɔɔdʊʊ se ɛtafɛyɩna ɛgbaɣtʊ ɛ-tɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa nɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ payi mbʊ yɔ eleyaɣ eyeke ɖɔɖɔ.