cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Zɔɔrziyaa
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ aŋgilisi.
Kaarɔɔtɩ
Kaarɔɔtɩ kɛna tɩŋ tɔɔnaɣ ŋga pahayʊ-kɛ pɩ-tɛɛ lila yɔɔ yɔ. Kaarɔɔtɩ tɛɛ lila ana aɖaɣla lʊʊʊ lʊʊʊ. Papɩzɩɣ pɔtɔɔ kaaɖɔɔtɩ nɛ lɛŋ yaa poɖoŋi nʊm taa yaa ɖɔɖɔ patɩzɩ ɛzɩ patɩzʊʊ hɛɛ yɔ. Kaarɔɔtɩ kʊnɛ kɩlɩʊ sɔzɩŋ kamaɣ fɛyɩ yee poɖɔŋga yaa patɩzaa kɔyɔ. Palakɩ kaaɖɔɔtɩ kɛ nʊm kɩtatam nɛ ɛyʊ ɛtaɣ-pʊ paaɖooye kɔyɔ e-tomnaɣ yɔɔ lɛzʊʊ kpɛdɛ kpɛdɛ nɛ kɛsɛʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ ɛkpɛzɩ kɔ-yɔɔ yɔ. Ɖozi nzɩ papɩzʊ pɔtɔɔna kaaɖɔɔtɩ ta nɛ pɩwɛɛ camɩyɛ yɔ sɩɖɔɔ nɛ sɩ-taa kɔyɔ: tɩmaatɩ, pesidina num mbʊ ɛyʊ sɔɔlaa yɔ yaa ɖɔm nɛ kpɛɛnzʊʊ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se paa tɔɔnaɣ ŋga papɩzɩɣ pɛsidi kaarɔɔtɩʊ ka-taa nɛ pɩwɛɛ camɩyɛ. Papɩzɩɣ pasɩɩ kaaɖɔɔtɩ nɛ kileɖi kɩɩwɛɛkʊʊ ɛlɛ pʊtɔpɔzɩ se pasɩɩ-kʊ yem kɔyɔ kɩpɩzɩɣ kɩɖazɩ yaa kɩwɩlɩ. Ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔla-kʊ sɩʊ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ, pɩwɛɛ se ɛsɩɩ-kʊ nikaɣ ŋgbaʊ taa yaa ɛɖʊ kañɩŋga ɖoli lɛ ɛyʊyɩ lim nɛ ehuuzi kabaɣ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ kpotoku yɔ yaa mbʊ pɩkpɩnda camɩyɛ ɛlɛ pʊmʊʊ nikaɣ camɩyɛ yɔ.
Kaarɔɔtɩnaa wɛna tomnasi ndɩ ndɩ: nakʊyʊ kɛ kʊlʊmʊʊ tɩyɛ, nɩɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ ɛwɛ kɩsɛɛmɩm muzulee, nabʊyʊ taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ kaarɔɔtɩnaa nabɛyɛ caaɣ wɛʊ sʊtʊ lɩm yɔ. Keteŋa kpeekpe taa pɩnaɣ 2004 nɛ pɩsɩɩna 2007 lɛ kaarɔɔtɩnaa mba pahayaa yɔ patalɩʊ tɔɔnɩnaa ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa 23 601 214 yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩnzɩ nzɩ sɩ-taa lɛ, keteŋga kpeekpe taa lɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ pakɩlɩɣ kaarɔɔtɩnaa hayʊ nɛ pɩtɩŋ Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ nɛ naatozo ñɩnɖɛ yɔ Etaazunii.
Kpataayala
Kpataayala. Kpataayala pɩkɛ kpɩna wena awɛna naŋgbanzɩ naanaza yɔ. Pɩ-tɛ kpɩna naanaza tɩnaa mba pɛfɛyɩna ɖooo pɩtaa coluu huɖuu. Kpɩna ɖɩsɩm-yɛ yɔ awɛ ndɩ mbʊ yɔ kpɩna nɖɩ ɖɩlakɩ fezuu caɣʊʊ lona naalɛ taa, ɛwɛ lɩm taa ɛwɛ ɖɔɖɔ awayi helim taa, a-taa kɔyɔ saɖɛ.
Ɛsɛ ɖoziye
Ɛsɛ ɖoziye pɩkɛ wiluu nɛ takʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ, nɛ pɩkɛ kpeekpe laɣsɩ nzɩ sɩlɩna ɛyʊ fitenum cɔlɔ, lɩmaɣza kɩbana yaa kɩtɛkɛda pɩlɩna ɛ-maɣzɩm cɔlɔ. Pɩkpaɣna alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pana tʊkaɣ ɛsɛ ɖoziye nɛ tɩlɩyɛ hɛkʊ taa yɔ Simund Freud yaa Carl Gustav Jung papɩza palɩzɩ kaatɩlɩtʊ tɔmpiye. Tɔmʊʊ maɣzɩm ɖɔnɛ nɛ ɛsɛ ɖozitu tɔmʊʊ pɛkɛ kʊyʊmʊʊ.
Ɛsɩyɛ ɖoziye tɔmpiye lɩna krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ lakaɣ taa mbʊ se psukhein ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ se hosuu, nɛ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ kʊ-tɔm pɩwɩlɩ se pɩkɛ kalɩzaɣ tɔm. Aristote cɔlɔ lɛ, tɔmɩyɛ ɛsɩyɛ ɖoziye tɔm kɛ wezuu wɛtʊ tɔm ɖɔɖɔ pɩkɛ maɣzɩm tɔm.
Kpataayala
Nabʊyʊ taa kɛnɛ pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ yɔ ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩtɔɔ se kpataayala tɩŋa kɛ nandʊ tɔɔyaa, mbʊ keŋkeŋ piciduu nɛ papazɩɣ se peli-pʊ yɔ pɔtɔkɩ. Pɔ-tɔɔnaɣ kɛlɛ tɛtɛ ñɩtʊ cikpetu ndʊ tɩɩpɩzɩɣ seu yɔ, kpaɣ ɛzɩ sonzoo, kpalaacɩnjɩnzɩ, ajakoŋgoo naa mbʊ yɔ. Kpɩna ana a-taa naayɛ tɔkɩ pɔɔ taa tɩŋ hatʊ pɩkpɛndɩna tɛtɛ kpɩna lɛɛna ɖɔɖɔ pɩtɩŋna pɛwɛna nsʊlɩma wena keeke ɛsɔ hawɛ se pakpana pa-nandʊ yɔ ndʊ kɛmasɩ nɛ ŋgbam.
Ɛsɛ ɖoziye
Jung lɩza tɔmpee ɛsɩyɛ ɖoziye nɛ maɣzɩm ɖɔnɛ se pɩsa nɛ ɛyɔɔdɩ ɛyʊ maɣzɩm tɔm nɛ ɛyʊ ñʊʊ taa fitenum tʊmɩyɛ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yee maɣzɩm nɛ fitenum mba tɩnaa lɩmaɣza tɔm kɔyɔ, mbʊ lɛ ɛsɩyɛ ɖoziye tɔm nɛ maɣzɩm ɖɔnɛ paɣtʊ nɔmɔʊ kɛ kʊyʊmʊʊ.
Kpataayala
Kpataayala fezuuna po-tomnasi pʊ-tɔbʊʊ pɛwɛna ɖoŋ nɛ pɛfezuuna hʊzɩŋ nɛ tomnaɣ, nɛ hali kpɩna naayɛ ɛzɩ kɩlakʊ nɛ saɖɛ mbʊ papa kpem po-tomnasi pefezuuna nɛ pɛfɛyɩna hʊzɩŋ. Pa nɛ kpɩna wena atuu a-lotu yɔɔ yɔ taa naayɛ palɩ ɖama, ɛlɛ papa wɛna ɖooo pɩ-taa coluu huɖuu, ɛzɩ sumasi nasɩyɛ nɛ kpɩna wena amʊzʊʊ a-piya yɔ fɛyɩna lɩm kɛdɛɖaɣ se pʊcɔ alʊlɩ.
Kpɩna naŋgbanzɩ naanaza ñɩna ana awɛ tindiŋma naanaza ɖɔɖɔ, a-taa kɔyɔ wena atuu a-lotu yɔɔ yɔ, sumasi nɛ wena amʊzʊʊ a-piya yɔ, pɛwɛna pɩ-taa coluu huɖuu, naayɛ lʊlʊʊ, lɛɛna ɖʊʊ yalaa ɛlɛ hala ñɩmba nɛ yalaa ana a-yambɔyɩŋ caɣ kpɩzɩŋ nɛ halɩ lɩm ɛɛsʊʊ lɛɛna. Pa nɛ ɛnʊ yɔ pɛfɛyɩna yambɔyɩŋ mbʊ lɛ, papa ɖʊ pa-yalaa lɩm taa. Kpɩna ana akpaɣ ɖama kɛlɛ pɩtɛkɛ lotu taa pɩlakɩ pɩɣa mbʊ yɔ halʊ kaaɖʊʊ yalaa lɛ abalʊ ñɩnʊ kpɛdɩɣ ɛ-hɩm yalaa yɔɔ.
Kpɩnɛ
Kpɩnɛ (latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ animalis pʊ-tɔbʊʊ wezuu tʊ), kɛ wezuu kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tɛ, cɔlɩɩ cɔlɩtʊ wɛɛ taa pʊtʊ weyi ɛwɛna wezuu nɛ ɛtɔkɩ yɔ. Pɩwɛɛ mbʊ kpɩna ɖɔɔ piŋ nɛ paa ŋgbaɣ tiiye nɖɩ yɔ ŋnaɣ se naayɛ kpaɣ lɩ ɖama nɛ awɛ mbʊ com com. Kpɩna yɔɔ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ Paul Bert (pɩnzɩ 1833 ŋtalɩ 1886), lɩzɩna ɖooo kpaɣɖʊ 19 alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ ɛwɩlɩ mbʊ pɩwɛ kpɩnɛ taa yɔ. Kpɩnɛ wɛna lotu, ɛwɛna kifezinau, ɛwɛna hɩm hɩyaɣ, ɛwɛna calɩm ɖɔnɛ hola, ɛwɛna ñʊʊ. Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ kpɩna lɛɛna yɔ paa kpɩnɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna lɩm kɛtɛɖaɣ, helim nɛ tɔɔnaɣ.
Ɖooo pɩwɛ lɔŋ pɩlɩna wɛɛ cɔlɔ, ajɛyɛ wɛtʊ, sɔnzɩ nɛ kpɩnɛ kɛ mbʊ yɔ pʊtɔma kpaŋ kpɩnɛ yaa ɖɩɣa ñɩnɖɛ, kpɩnɛ nandʊ ñɩnɖɛ nɛ kpɩnɛ kɩtɩŋɩyɛ ɛzɩ haɣ mbʊ yɔ yaa lakʊ haɣ halɩ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩna ɖɩɣa tʊŋ.Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ wɛʊ yɔ kpɩnɛ kɩɖɔɖɔyɛ wɛna tʊ nɛ ɛlɛ cɔŋna ɖɩ-yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa peeɖe paɣtʊ takayaɣ taa pama se yee ɛyʊ ɛɖʊ nesi kpɩnɛ naɖɩyɛ yɔɔ yem nɛ ɛlabɩ-ɖɩ kpɛʊ kpɛʊ kɔyɔ pɔhɔŋ ɛ-naŋgbaŋʊʊ ɛzɩ patʊ pɔzʊʊ yɔ. Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1976 lɛ, paɣtʊ yɔɔdʊʊ se kpɩnɛ wɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ ɛyʊ mbʊ yɔ lɛ pɩpɔzʊʊ se pɔcɔna ɖɩ-yɔɔ ɛzɩ paɣtʊ pɔzʊʊ yɔ.
Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ ajɛyɛ taa lɛ Aristote ñɛtɛyɩ kedeŋa taa kpɩna hɔɔlɩŋ naalɛ pɩ nɛ tɩŋ. Lɩmaɣza ana a-taa ɖɩcɔna kɔyɔ kpɩna kaawɛʊ aawɛɛ se awazɩ ɛyʊ ɛnʊ weyi ñazɩɣ-yɛ yɔ kpaɣ patɩɩ lɩzɩɣ ɛjaɖɛ yɔ.
Katoliki Cejewiye
Katoliki Cejewiye, yaa apostolaa yaa ɖɔɖɔ Roma mba Cejewiye, pɩkɛ cejewiye kɩkɩlɩyɛ kɛ Krɩstʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa, ɖɩnaɣ ɖɩ-taa peeɖe Ɛsɔ tɛ lɩm sɔyaa pɩtaɩ miiliyaarɩ waa kʊyʊm mbʊ yɔ. Kikpeɣluu Krɩstʊ cejewiye kpeekpe nɛ Papa nɛ episikopu waa tɩŋa. Cejewiye ɖɩkɛ kajalaɣ ñɩnɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩlɛɛ ñɔʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ Krɩstʊ hɔɔlʊʊ. Ɖɩlaba tʊmɩyɛ piŋ tɔm kɛdɩtʊ hɔɔlʊʊ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Wɩsɩ Ɖɩɖʊyɛ ajɛyɛ taa kpem. Payʊsa Katoliki cejewiye nɛ Nicée mayaɣ nɛ pasɩ-ɖɩ nɛ ɖɩ-tɛ sakrɩmɩndʊ lʊbɛ nɛ tɩ-taa ndʊ tʊ-tɔm kɩlɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ yɔɔ lɛ Krɩstʊ tomnaɣ ŋga pala kɛ-tɛ kɩlaʊ paa mɩsa ŋgʊ lɛ kɩ-taa.
Ɖɩcɔna kɔyɔ tɔm kpɛlɛkɩtʊ nɔmɔʊ taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ se cejewiye nɖɩ ɖɩtɛyɩ nabʊlɛ taa, hɔɔlʊʊ kajalaɣ ŋgʊ lɛ ŋgʊ ɖɩnaɣ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛyaa pa nɛ pɛ-ɛsɛ nɛ patɩŋɩɣ Krɩstʊ wayi yɔ, pɛwɛɛ tɛtʊ yɔɔ cɩna yɔ, nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ naalɛ ŋgʊ lɛ, ŋgʊ paanaɣ yɔ kʊkʊ lɛ ŋgʊ kʊwɛ ɛsɔdaa kɩwabʊ nɛ kʊñɔŋ taa ñɩŋʊ, ŋgʊ kɩkɛ kalɩzasɩ ñɩŋʊ ɛsɔdaa koboyaɣ taa nɛ miŋ cikpeŋ taa.
Katoliki cejewiye tɛtʊ yɔɔ cɩna wɛ ɛzɩ Krɩstʊ tomnaɣ kʊyʊmaɣ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se cejewa kpeɣluu ɖama, paa tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa nɛ pɛwɛɛna pa-ñʊʊ yɔɔ Episikopu. Pɛkɛʊ katoliki cejewiye keekee yee pa nɛ papa pɛkpɛndʊʊ pɛtɛyɩɣ Krɩstʊ tomnaɣ kɔyɔ, ɛlɛ weyi ɛkɛ Roma ñmba tɛ Episikopu yɔ, ɛnʊ kɛna ɖɔɖɔ Petro kiɖeɖeu lone taa caɣyʊ tataa cɩna, nɛ pɛkpɛndʊʊ pɛtɛyʊʊ Krɩstʊ tomnaɣ pa-taa pe-ɖeke.
Tɔmpiye cɔɔcɩ lɩna latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa ecclesia, ɖɩlɩna krɛkɩ taa lɛ ekklesia (ἐκκλησία), ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ se kɩkpɛndʊʊ yaa kpeɣluu. Kajalaɣ Krɩstʊ mba nɔsɩ taa lɩwaɣ tɔmpiye cɔɔcɩ lɛ, pamazina Yuda mba tɔmʊʊ nakʊyʊ, kɩwɩlɩɣ se pɩkɛ Israël yaa Ɛsɔ samaɣ. Krɛkɩ cɔɔlɩɩ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ payaɣ cɔɔcɩ hɩɖɛ pɔ-cɔlɔ pɩkɛ pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa ɖeke tɔm pɩtɛ kpɛndɩna akɔma. Ŋgʊ Krɩstʊ paɣtʊ taa lɛ pɩkɛ ɛyaa kpeekpe kpendʊʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ, tʊkaɣ fɛyɩ yaa ɛkɔm fɛyɩ. Kɩkɛ mbʊ pikpeɣluu ajɛyɛ kpeekpe, ɛyaa kpeekpe, kʊnʊmɩŋ tɩŋa.
Kaŋgbɩsɩ
Ɛyaa sakɩyɛ wɛna yatʊ sakɩyɛ pɩcɛlɩna kaŋgbɩka yɔɔ, kɛlɛ ɖooo hoohoo canaʊ ɛyaa tɩŋa tɔtɔkɩ camɩyɛ kaŋgbɩsɩ. Mbʊ lɛ, palɩ pɩnaɣ 1991 kɛ Ötzi yɔɔ lɛpanaɣ se pɩ-tɛ ɛyʊ ɛnʊ, ɛɛwɛɛ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2500 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesuu Krɩstʊ, kpeŋanaɣ e-huyuu taa kaŋgbɩsɩ naalɛ, kʊlʊmaɣ pɔŋ kifeziŋ sakɩyɛ tɛ ñɩŋa ŋga palakɩna ɖɔkɔtɔ tɛ kɔɔ nɛ ŋga payaɣ se amadou kʊkʊ paɖʊɣanaɣ miŋ, mbʊ wɩlɩna se pɩ-tɛ alɩwaatʊ taa ɛyaa mba patɔkaɣnaɣ lakʊ nɛ tɩŋ pee yɔ pɔtɔkaɣ ɖɔɖɔ kaŋgbɩsɩ, ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ sɔnɔ wɛɛ anɛ taa ɛyaa sakɩyɛ lakʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ.
Hɩɖɛ champignon pʊ-tɔbʊʊ kabɩyɛ taa kaŋgbɩka lɩna Fransɩɩ kɩbɩnʊʊ kʊnʊŋ taa ɖooo kpaɣɖʊ 13 wɛɛ taa champignuel (pɛlɛɛza pʊyɔɔ tɩnɩyʊ -on) pɩlɩna latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa se campinolius nɛ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se lakɩŋ taa caɣyaa tɔɔnaɣ cikpelaɣ yaa ŋga kɩñɔʊʊ hayɩm naa taa yɔ (ɛlɩna –ŏlu campania), ɛlɛ maɣmaɣ ñalɩna latɛŋ taa campus, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se lakʊ, ŋgʊ haɣna hayɩm, kɛdɛnzɩ.
Ɛyaa kaaɖɔ sakɩyɛ mba palakaɣ tʊmɩyɛ kaŋgbɩsɩ yɔɔ yɔ. Pa-taa kɔyɔ Persoon, Rudolphi (pɩnaɣ 1807), Link, Nees, Unges (pɩnaɣ 1833) nɛ Naegeli (pɩnaɣ 1842) nɛ E.M.Fries. Elias Magnus Fries kʊyʊm ɛnʊ (pɩnzɩ 1794 ŋtalɩ 1878) pɛɖɛyɩ-ɩ se kaŋgbɩsɩ Linné, kaalɩzɩna kajalaɣ kɛ kaŋgbɩsɩ cɔlɩtʊ tɔm mycologicum (1821-1832) pɛ-tɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ kaŋgbɩsɩ yɔɔ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ tɔm paaza.
Kɩnaʊ
Kɩnaʊ kɛ ñʊʊ taa lɔŋ nɩyɛ. Pɩkɛna ɖoŋ weyi pɩha ɛyʊ se ɛpɩzɩ ɛna mbʊ paanaɣna ɛsɛ yɔ. Hɔyɛ yɔɔ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ taa lɛ, ɛsɩyɛ taa natʊ kɛna pɩzɩtʊ ndʊ ɛyʊ pɩzʊ ɛwɛɛna nɛ ɛna lɛɛzɩtʊ natʊyʊ ndʊ ɛyʊyem ɛɛpɩzʊ nɛ ɛnana ɛsɛ anɛyɔ. Kɩnatʊ pɩzɩʊ ɛtʊsɩ ɛ-kɩnaʊ nɛ ɛna poliŋ. Ɛpɩzɩʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɛtʊsɩ-kʊ nɛ ɛna ɛyʊ kalɩzaɣ yaa ɛ-ciyam. Weyi ɛ-sɩyɛ taa naɣ yɔ, ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛlɩ e-tomnaɣ taa nɛ ɛlɩɩ ɖoo taa. Alɩwatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛlɩ e-tomnaɣ taa mbʊ yɔ, papɩzɩɣ panaɣ-ɩ nɛ ɛsɛ anɛ ɛlɛ paa poɖukina-ɩ kɔyɔ, eeciidiɣ. Nayaa mba, papizɩɣ patʊsɩ nɛ pana alewa nɛ pana-wɛ pɔyɔɔdɩʊ. Weyi ɛwɛna kɩnaʊ yɔ, ɛsɔɔla ɛpɩzʊ eke aleewaa nɛ ɛtɩɩ yaa ɛɛtɩyʊ. Nɔɔyʊ ñapɩzʊ ɛvɛyɩna kɩnaʊ ɛlɛ aleewaa ɛsɔɔla-ɩ kɔyɔ papɩzʊ patɩŋgɩ-ɩ ɛlɛ ɛɛnaɣ-wɛ. Kɩnaʊ wɛɛ nɛ hama wɛɛ. Hama-tʊ pɩzʊ ɛla mbʊ kɩnatʊ lakɩ yɔ yaa ɛla ɛkɩlɩ kɩnatʊ. Pɩpɩzʊ pɩwilɩ hamatʊ kɔ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ ɛla ɛzɩ kɩnatɩnaa nabayɩ lakʊ kɔ nɛ paèkɩnaŋ yɔ.
Floriidii
Floriidii kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. Floriidii taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Talahasii nɛ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Jacksonville.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ atlantiki kujomuu, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ lɛ Mɛkɩziki pɔɔ piyele nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Alabamaa.
Payaɣ Floriidii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Rick Scott (R) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Bill Nelson (D) nɛ Marco Rubio (R). Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ aŋgilisi.
Quakers
Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ tɩnaa, payaɣ-ɖɔɖɔ se taabalɩyɛ ŋgbɛyɛ, pɩkɛ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩñɔɔ Aŋgɩlɩtɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa kpaɣɖʊ 17 alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ pɩtɩŋna ɛyaa mba palɩ aŋglɩkanɩ cɔɔcɩ taa yaa aŋglɩkanɩ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Pasɩma ɛyaa mba sakɩyɛ taa nɛ hɩɖɛ ɖɩnɛ yɔ se Quakers, pa-taa peɖeke lɛ payaɣ ɖama se taabalaa abalaa ñɩma nɛ taabalaa halɩñɩma.
Ɖooo ɛzɩ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩñɔʊʊ yɔ Aŋgɩlɩtɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe yɔ, ɖɩwalaa sakɩyɛ ajɛyɛ taa kɔzɩ kɔzɩ ajɛyɛ wena Ɛŋglɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ caɣ a-yɔɔ yɔ a-taa. Kpaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 20 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, tɔm kakɛrɩ susiyaa tana-tʊ Amerika nɛ hadʋ kiŋ ñŋʊ taa nɛ Afrika ajɛyɛ taa. Ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ yɔ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa talɩ kudokiŋ mɩnɩŋ naatozo nɛ nɩnɩwa mbʊ yɔ kedeŋa kpeekpe taa.
Kpaɣna kajalaɣ pɩnzɩ taa mbʊ yɔ, kakɛrɩ waa naɣa pa-tɩ ɛzɩ mba kɛna Krɩstʊ cejewiye kɩbanɖɛ keekee, kpaɣ ɛzɩ ɖooo papazɩ kiziɣ aŋgba lɛɛna tɔm yɔ. Ɖooo pɛ-tɛ wɛɛ taa payaɣa ɖama hɩla wena ɖɩnaɣ a-taa lɛɛna se kiɖeɖeu, Children of the Light pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se mʊntʊsʊʊ taa pɩɣa, lɛɛɖɛ kɔyɔ se Friends of the Truth ɖɩɖɩ tɔbʊʊ se taabalaa tovonum ñɩmba.
Hɩɖɛ Quaker (matʊ paɣtʊ taa lɛ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se sɔndʊ tʊ yaa seliyu Ɛŋglɩsɩ kʊnʊŋ taa, palaba-ɖɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe pɩnaɣ 1650 alɩwaatʊ ndʊ George Fox, paaya-ɩ tɔm tɔm hʊyaa kpaŋ sɔsɔʊ taa pɩlɩna ɛzɩma ɛlɩ Ɛsɔ Tɔm wayi yɔ yaa ɛtʊ Ɛsɔ yɔ pɔyɔɔ.
1997
Pɩnaɣ 1997 kɛ pɩnaɣ 1997 ñɩŋga kɛ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ yɔ. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ taa lɛ, pɩnaɣ 1997 kɛŋna 97 ñɩŋga. Kɛwɛ pɩnzɩ 1996 nɛ 1998 hɛkʋ taa. =1997 taa lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ = Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ sɩnɛ yɔ sɩlaba :
Irlandɩ Hayɩ Kiŋ
Irlandɩ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ kɛna Erɔpʊ ilemiye taa tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ yɔ ka-taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ajɛya naayɛ nanza kpɛndɩna nɛ kaɖʊtɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ yɔ.
Pɩnaɣ 2011 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 1 810 863 yɔ. Pamaza Irlandɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ 14 139 km2.
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ aŋgilisi ɛlɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖi-taa mba ñakɩ pana se pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se irilandɛɛ yɔ, kɩɖɛɛ nɛ ɛsɩndaa.
Fɛrmɩyɔm
Fɛrmɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 100 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Fm. Paya-ɩ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ se paɖʊ hɩɖɛ ɖa-caa Enrico Fermi, ɛlɛ ñaakɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ kulubu weyi ɛtɔʊ cɛnzɩ sakɩyɛ yɔɔ, ɛ-tɛ nɛ akɩtɩnɩdɩ waa tɛ kiŋ. Palaba-ɩ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ panaza plʊtɔnɩyɔm nɛ nazɩyʊ sɩɣlɩyʊ fɛyɩ waa yɔ. Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ŋñɩɩ yem papɩza palabɩ-ɩ. Piyebina nɛ patasɩmda ɛ-yɔɔ tɔm sakɩyɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa.
Albert Ghiorso ŋgbɛyɛ na fɛrmɩyɔm lɛ pɩɩkɛ pɩnaɣ 1952. Pawɩlɩɣ keelee 255Fm kɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ kajalaɣ hɩdrɔzɛnɩ hɔzʊʊ kɩmɩzɩɣ tɛ pʊtʊnaa mba papɩsa pɔtɔlʊʊ yɔ pa-taa. Paalaba agbele ɛnʊ lɛ paatamsa-ɩ nɛ ʊranɩyɔm 238 nɛ nazɩyʊ sɩɣlɩyʊ fɛyɩ waa 17.
1998
Pɩnaɣ 1998 kɛ pɩnaɣ 1998 ñɩŋga kɛ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ yɔ. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ taa lɛ, pɩnaɣ 1998 kɛŋna 98 ñɩŋga. Kɛwɛ pɩnzɩ 1997 nɛ 1999 hɛkʋ taa. =1998 taa lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ = Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ sɩnɛ yɔ sɩlaba :
Voyager 1
Voyager 1 pɩkɛ ɛsɔdaa takɩnaʊ ñɩɣyʊʊ agbaba ñɩŋʊ, pɩkɛ ɛsɔdaa tʊma lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɛ paya-kʊ se Voyager kɛ NASA, pɔtɔ-kʊ salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 5 pɩnaɣ 1977 se pɩsa nɛ pana ɛsɔdaa tɛlɛnzɩ lɛɛsɩ wɩsɩ wɛtʊ taa, nzɩ pataatɩɩ nada-sɩ wiɖii kaʊ yɔ pɩtɩŋna tataa cɩnɛ ñɩɣyɩŋ weyi panana-ɩ ɖooo poliŋ taa yɔ yɔɔ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Jupiter nɛ Saturne pɛ-wɛtʊ.
Ɛsɔdaa luuyu tɔm leɖaa piŋ nɛ kpaɣ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2015 mbʊ yɔ ɛwɛna ñɩɣyɩŋ kɩbaŋ nɛ ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛlakɩ tʊmɩyɛ siŋŋ, ɛpɩzɩɣ ɖenɖe ɛtɛzɩɣna yɔ ɛna lona ana a-taa mbʊ pʊɖɔŋ yɔ. Ɛkʊyʊ-ɩ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 2012 lone nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa wɩsɩ ɖoŋ lakaɣna-ɩ tʊmɩyɛ yɔ nɛ ɛɖɛʊ hɛyɛ hɛyɛ nɛ tɩyɩnzɩ hɛkʊ taa kiŋ, paa yee e-wondu kpaɣna pɩnaɣ 2020 kaa ɖɩm wobu yɔɔ wobu yɔɔ se pɩsa nɛ paha ɛsɛ nɛ ɖenɖe ɛ-laatriki ɖoŋ yɔ. Voyager 1 ɛɛkaɣ tasɩɣ labʊ tʊmɩyɛ piŋ kpaɣ nɛ pɩnaɣ 2025. Pɩkɔma saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 4 pɩnaɣ 2018 lɛ luuyu ɛnʊ eeposina wɩsɩ pɩtalɩ kilomɛta naa 21557059600 nɛ eposina tɛtʊ kilomɛta naa 21677578330.
Voyager tʊmɩyɛ kɛlɛ ɛpɩzɩ ɛlɩzɩɣ aseɣɖe lɛɣtʊ tɔm kɛ tɛlɛnzɩ lɛɛsɩ yɔɔ nzɩ yɔ (Jupiter, Saturne, Uranus nɛ Neptune) pa nɛ yɔ ɖooo canaʊ patana-wɛ wiɖii kaʊ. Voyayer 1 kaawɛ pɩcɔ e-ɖom wɛɛ nɛ ɛ-lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kaakɛ se papɩzɩ powolo patɩlɩ tɛlɛnzɩ Jupiter nɛ Saturne. Pɩcɔ ɛpɩzɩ ɛtalɩ lɛ pɩpɔsa-ɩ ɛkʊyɩ ɛsɔdaa kɛlɛ ɛkɩlɩɣ posinau nɛ Titan, ɛnʊ kɛna kajalaɣ tʊ Saturne fenaɣ tɛ. Pɩtɩŋna pɛ-tɛ camɩyɛ tʊmɩyɛ labʊ yɔɔ pɩlɩna pa-kajalaɣ tiyitu pɩnaɣ 1989 wɛɛ taa lɛ, palɩzɩ maɣzɩm naa pɩlɩna pɛ-tɛ kʊyʊʊ pɛcɛzɩɣ ɛsɔdaa tɛlɛnzɩ lɛɛsɩ. VIM pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se(Voyager Interstellar Mission tiyitu tʊmɩyɛ kaakɛ se papɩzɩ patɩlɩ camɩyɛ lona wena a-taa wɩsɩ ñakɩ pɩsɩɣna yɔ).Pɔtɔ voyager 1 kɩtakɩnaʊ salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 5 pɩnaɣ 1977 pɩtɩŋna Titan 3E yɔɔ, kpɩtaŋ naatozo wayi pʊcɔ pɔtɔ e-ɖom kɩtakɩnaʊ.
Sʊfɩrɩ
Sʊfɩrɩ kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 16 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ S yɔ. Ɛ-tɛ nɛ salɩkɔzɛnɩ waa tɛ kiŋ. Ɛtɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm pɩyʊ weyi ɛwɛna wazaɣ piŋ yɔ, ɛfɛyɩ leleŋ nɛ ɛɛyɔlʊʊ lɩm taa. Pasɩma sʊfɩrɩ lɛ, kɩwɛ ɛzɩ sʊtʊ lɩm ɖɔmbɛyɛ nɛ kɩwɛ tɛtɛɛ wondu taa (sʊlɩfɩrɩ nɛ sʊlɩfatɩ taa) nɛ ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛgbam, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ miŋ pʊŋ ageeta taa.
Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛwɛ kɩjɛyɩɣ paa pʊtʊ wezuu weyi ɛ-tɛ, ɛlakɩ tʊmɩyɛ amini siziŋ hoka lʊlʊʊ tɛ, sɩstɛyɩnɩ waa nɛ metiyonini waa nɛ, pɩwɛ mbʊ lɛ, ɛwɛ sakɩyɛ yaɖɛ taa kʊlʊm taa. Sʊfɩrɩ sɩɣna halɩ ɖooo 90% nɛ palakɩna sʊlɩfɩrɩ siziŋ lɩm, pɩkɛ kiɖe pʊyʊ kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ. Palakɩ-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ piŋ anasaayɩ huɖe hɔɔlʊʊ taa (sʊlɩfɩrɩ siziŋ ɖɔm) (haɖaʊ nɔmɔʊ taa lɛ, 60%) nɛ kpɛŋgbɛsɩ tɩŋ kʊdɔmɩŋ hɔɔlʊʊ taa.
Palakɩna-kʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ sɔzɩŋ wondu ɖeɖe, tɔɔnasɩ kɩtɔsɩ ɛyaa tɛ ñɩnzɩ nɛ kpɩnaa tɛ, palakɩna ɖɔɖɔ hatʊ mʊtʊ, palakɩna ɖɔɖɔ fʊlɩyɩrɩ siziŋ lɩm. Palakɩ-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ polukina nazɩyʊ pee tɩm, loyuu taa lɩm lɩzɩɣ, palaka-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ maacɩsɩ ɖɩlaɖɛ taa, tɛtɛ ñɩtʊ kɔ.
Sʊfɩrɩ tomnaɣ yem tɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm pɩyʊ nɛ ɛsɛ cɩŋ. Ɛ-tɛ miŋ nsʊlɩmɩyɛ wɛ kpɛdɩŋ tɩyɛ nɛ ñɔsɩ nzɩ sɩlɩɣ yɔ sɩwɩɣ ɛyaa ɛsɛ nɛ sɩcɛyɩɣ (sʊfɩrɩ tɛ tɩyɔkɩsɩdɩ SO2). Ɛɛyɔlʊʊ lɩm taa. Ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, ɛwɛ ɛgbam kɛ hɔɔlɩŋ weyi ɛ-taa papɩzɩɣ nɛ palɩzɩ-ɩ yɔ.
1999
Pɩnaɣ 1999 kɛ pɩnaɣ 1999 ñɩŋga kɛ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ yɔ. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ taa lɛ, pɩnaɣ 1999 kɛŋna 99 ñɩŋga. Kɛwɛ pɩnzɩ 1998 nɛ 2000 hɛkʋ taa. =1999 taa lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ = Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ sɩnɛ yɔ sɩlaba :
Kpɩnɛ hɩɖɛ ñɩnɖɛ
Ɖɩcaɣyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ paɣtʊ paɣlʊʊ taa lɛ, kajalaɣ kpɩna hɩla ñɩna ana tɛtʊ yɔɔ aawɛɛ. Kpɩna ana acaŋ ahuu lɔŋ lɔŋ nɛ a-taa peeɖe ɖɩnaɣ kajalaɣ hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊ (sɛmʊʊ) kʊkʊ ñakʊyʊʊ ɛsɔdaa. Tɩmɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-taa peeɖe sakɩyɛ pɩsɩ lɩm taa ñɩna hɔɔlʊʊ yɔ. Ñɩtʊ taa kpɩna hɩla ñɩna sakɩyɛ pɩlɩna pɩlɩna palɩzɩ paɣtʊ ndʊ se pakandɩ a-yɔɔ yɔ, sakɩyɛ wɛ takayasɩ kɩsɛmasɩ yɔɔ wena pañaŋasɩɣ-yɛ yɔ (kɔzɩ kɔzɩ wena atɔkɩ nandʊ) palakɩ a-taa lɛɛna nandʊ. Ɖɔɖɔ tiiye naayɛ taa kpɩna wena ɛyʊ ɖɔɣa yɔ kpaɣ ɖooo kpaɣɖʊ 19 alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ (pɩlɩna kpɩnɛ hɔm, nandʊ, naalɩm, kpɩnɛ nɖɩ pakʊwa yɔ tɔnʊʊ) mʊwa yaa pasa siŋŋ pɩlɩna pɔtɔza sakɩyɛ pɩcɛlɩna pɛ-tɛ lʊlʊʊ yɔɔ.
Po-tomnasi mɔɔ tɩŋa taa lɛ pe-kela kɩlana ɖoŋ, mbʊ labɩna nɛ patɩlɩ tɛtɛɛ kɩbɩnjaazɩ kpɩna hɩla ñɩna, pe-kela yɔɔ nɛ nabʊyʊ pɩkpɛdɩna tamasɩ yaa ñʊʊ pɔyɩŋ. Paa kpɩnɛ nɖɩ lɛ nɛ ɖɩ-kela kɛlɛ pɩsaŋ nɛ papɩzɩɣ patɩlɩɣ paa kpɩnɛ nɖɩ lɛ ɖɩ-tɔɔnaɣ. Ɖooo krɛtasɩ alɩwaatʊ, Maastrichti wɛɛ taa, pakalɩ kpɩna hɩla ñɩna lɛ aatalɩ 150 halɩ 300 kɛlɛ pekpeeli-yɛ tindima nɛɛlɛ nɛ lʊbɛ.
Pɩlɩna wɩyaʊ Maor kpɛlɛkɩtʊ natʊyʊ yɔɔ kɛ Tel Aviv sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa ndʊ posusa tɩ-tɔm yɔ yɔɔ lɛ, kpɩna hɩla ñɩna anɛ aakɛ cɩkpɛndʊʊ taa kpɩna ɖooo kiɖe tɛɛ nɛ papaɣzɩ labʊ pa-tʊma wɩsɩ kpaɣ nɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ kpɩna sɔsɔna wena atuu a-lotu apaɣza ɖɩm yɔ, alɩwaatʊ talɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ miiliiyɔɔ naa 66 mbʊ yɔ. Kpɩna hɩla ñɩna ana a-taa lɛ ɖɩnaɣ sɔndʊ ñɩna, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛyʊ cɔzɔnaa.
Ugandaa
Ugandaa kɛna Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ.Ajɛya wena acɔ-ɖɩ nɛ ataa yɔ anaa yɔ: Koŋgoo, Keniya, Ruwandaa, Suudanɩ Hadɛ Kiŋ ñɩŋʊ nɛ Tanzani. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ɖɩ-hadɛ kiŋ payɩ lɛ Fikitoriya Kujomuu ɖeke wɛna. Peeɖe tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ nɛ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩ yʊŋ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Kampala.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ lɛ Turikaana lɩŋgamʊʊ wɛna nɛ fɛɛŋ ndɩ ndɩ ɖɔɣa. Ugandaa hɔɔlɩŋ sakɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ Niili lɩm ɖɩfalɩyɛ taa. Niili Pɔɔ lɩɣna Fikitoriya Kujomuu nɛ kiwolo kɩkpɛndɩ Kiyokaa lɩŋgamʊʊ taa pʊcɔ kɩtalɩ Alɩbɛrɩ ñɩŋgʊ taa kɛ Koŋo Kinsasa tɛtʊ taa.
Ugandaa walanzɩ taa makɩɣna 241 038 km2 yaa ɛzɩ Kewiyaɣ-Kpɛndɩɣ ɛjaɖɛe yɔ.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛtɛɛ ñɩm nabʊyʊ wɛɛ nɛ nɔɔyʊ tatɩɩ paɣzta-pʊ huyuu; mbʊ lɛ: Kwivri nɛ koobalɩtɩ.
Fɔsɩfɔrɩ
Fɔsɩfɔrɩ kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi pasɩma-ɩ nɛ ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ 15 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ P. Fɔsɩfɔrɩ tomnaɣ yem wɛna tɔlɩm ndɩ ndɩ, kʊlʊmʊm caʊʊ, pɩsɛɛ cɩɩŋ kpɛdɩŋ yɔɔ. Camɩyɛ kele kele, fɔsɩfɔrɩ kʊlʊmʊʊ wɛ ñalala. Wɛtʊ kɩsɛmtʊ nɛ kɩkpɛɛdɩtʊ pɩzɩɣ pɩkɛ mʊlʊm yaa ɖɔmbɩyɛ.
Hɩɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlɩna krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se φώσφορος (phosphoros), pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se weyi ɛwɛna mʊntʊsʊʊ yɔ nɛ ɛyɔɔdʊʊ wɩsɩ cɔʊʊ tɩɩŋa Venus tɔm, ɖiyiyu tɩɩŋga. Kiɖe nɖɩ pɛcɛla-ɖɩ pɩlɩna mbʊ se fɔsɩfɔrɩ lɩzɩɣ mʊntʊsʊʊ kʊlʊmʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩnaɣ cɩkpɛndʊʊ taa yɔ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛwɛɣ helim taa yem yɔ, pɩlɩna kpɛlɩ mʊntʊsʊʊ yɔɔ. Pɩtɩŋna ɛzɩma kɩjɛyɩɣ pʊtʊ ɛyʊ fezuu labʊ taa pɩkɩlɩ pʊtʊnaa lalaa mbʊ lɛ, ONU nɛ lɛɣtʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊma tɩnaa tɔ mbʊ se ɛkɛ kajalaɣ tɛtɛɛ ñɩm mbʊ pʊmʊnaa se pɛkpɛlɛkɩ ɛ-tɔsʊʊ labʊ nɛ pʊcɔɔ camɩyɛ.
Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ palɩ fɔsɩfɔrɩ yɔɔ yɔ, pʊtʊnaa hiu nɛ naatozo yeke kaatɛmna wɛʊ ( ɖɩnaɣ-wɛ pɩtɛɛ kpata yɔɔ), ŋgʊ sɔnɔ yɔ pʊtʊnaa mɩnʊʊ nɛ hiu nɛ lutozo wɛna (ŋpɩzɩɣ ŋwili kpɛlɩ pʊtʊnaa pɩlʊʊ cɛŋga yɔɔ). Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ pʊtʊnaa lɛɛlaa yɔɔ pasɩma-ɩ pɩlɩna Lavoisier tʊma yɔɔ pɩnzɩ cabɩ wayi.
Pʊtʊnaa mba patɩla alɩwaatʊ ndʊ palɩ fɔsɩfɔrɩ yɔɔ yɔ mba yɔɔ, C patatɩlɩ ɛ-pɩnaɣ, S ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ, Cu pɩnaɣ -5000, Au pɩnaɣ -3000, Ag pɩnaɣ -3000, Fe pɩnaɣ -2500, Sn pɩnaɣ -2100, Sb pɩnaɣ -1600, Hg pɩnaɣ -1500, Pb pɩnaɣ -1000, As pɩnaɣ 1250, Zn pɩnaɣ 1500 nɛ Bi pɩnaɣ 1500. Ɛyaa mba palɩ pɔ-yɔɔ mbʊ yɔ paha-wɛ hɩla ndɩ ndɩ, Phosphorus fulgurans yaa Lumen conflans (Kunckel), Noctiluca aërea (Boyle), mʊntʊsʊʊ kɩkpɩndʊʊ yaa ɖɔɖɔ Fɔsɩfɔrɩ igneus nɛ Fɔsɩfɔrɩ pyropus ɛlɛ Leibnitz cɔlɔ. Hɩla ana atɩŋga payi mbʊ yɔ pɩlɩna ɛzɩma ɛhaɣ mʊntʊsʊʊ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛmʊ miŋ helim taa yem yɔ. Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ palɩɣ ɛ-yɔɔ pɩtɩŋna ñɩɣlɩm pɩsʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ Hennig Brandt ɛkɛ Caama tʊ pɩnaɣ 1669 pɩtɩŋna hɩm yɔɔ. Lɩmaɣza acaɣ mɛɛsaɣ tɛ pileɖi, ɛlɛ paa pɩɩkɛ ɛzɩma yɔɔ, kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ Caama tʊ Jean Kunckel nɛ tomnasɩ ɖɔnɛ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ ɛlɛ ñɛkɛ Ɛnglɩsɩ tʊ Robert Boyle pɩza pañɩnɩ pɩnzɩ sakɩyɛ nɛ patɩlɩ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ nɛ pʊ-nɔɔ nɔmɔŋ.
Hafɩnɩyɔm
Hafɩnɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyɩ ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 72 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Hf. Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ lɛ hafɩnɩyɔm wɛ ɛzɩ [[sɩrɩkɔnɩyɔm[[ yɔ nɛ pana-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ sɩrɩkɔnɩyɔm ɛnʊ ɛ-tɛ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ taa. Hafɩnɩyɔm tomnaɣ yem kɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ kɩɖɛzʊʊ ɛwɛɛ kpʊzɩyɛɛ liidiye tɩyɛ. Palakɩ-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ tɔnsɩtɛnɩ yozuu ɖeɖe nɛ polukina ñɩɣsasɩ nɛ nazɩyʊ ñʊŋ.
Ɛwɛ manɩɩ, ɛñɩɣlɩsɩɣ nɛ ɛwɛɛ liidiye tɩyɛ. Ɛɛpʊkɩ nɛ pɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa ɛwɛ ɛzɩ sɩrɩkɔnɩyɔm yɔ. Kɛlɛ ɛkpɩndaa kpem pɩkɩlɩ sɩrɩkɔnɩyɔm. Pɩnaɣ 1917, ɖɔkɔtɔ sɩnɩyʊ Vladimir Vernadski, Konstantin Avtonomovich Nenadkevich maɣzɩ se ɛlɩza pɩtɩŋna ɔrɩtɩtɩ yɔɔ kɛ pʊtʊ nɔyʊ nɛ hilimiye ñʊʊ kɔyɔ 178, kɛlɛ ɛɖʊ-ɩ pʊtʊnaa 71 nɛ 73 mba paatɛma-wɛ sɩm hɛkʊʊ taa.
Ɛ-nɛ Vernadski palɩmaɣza kɛ kʊyʊma, kɛlɛ ɛnɛ ɛnʊyɔ ɛtɔŋ se payaa pʊtʊ ɛnʊ hɩɖɛ se assium. Paasusa pʊtʊ 72 natʊ tɔm ɖɔɖɔ pɩnaɣ 1907 pɩtɩŋna Geoges Urbain yɔɔ, ɛnʊ weyi esusa ɛ-tɛ ñɩnɩtʊ tɔm pɩnaɣ 1911 yɔ. Ɛyɔɔdɩ se ɛsɩma-ɩ pɩtɩŋna lʊtɛsɩyɔm ɖɔmbɩyɛ kɩmaŋ pɩsʊʊ yɔɔ nɛ ɛya-ɩ se sɛlɩtɩyɔm (yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɔyɔ Ct) pɩlɩna sɛlɩtɩ ɛyaa cɔlɔ.
Ɛlɛ paa mbʊ yɔ Urbain kpaɣ sɛlɩtɩyɔm ɛzɩ kɛtɛɖaɣ tɛtʊ yɔ, peeɖe Niels Bohr ñɔtɔŋ se pʊtʊ kpaagba tʊ kɛ pɩlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa kɛ pʊtʊ 71 nɛ pʊtʊ 72 tʊ ñɛkɛ sɩrɩkɔnɩyɔm ɛgbaɣtʊ. Hevsy tɛ George nɛ Dirk Coster, pɛkɛ Bohr tabalaa, ñɩnɩ pʊtʊ 72 kɛ sɩrɩkɔnɩyɔm ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ taa nɛ posusi ɛnatʊ tɔm ɖooo Copenhague (Danemark) kɔlaɣ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1923.
Cɩɖɩcɩɖɩ wɛtʊ
Cɩɖɩcɩɖɩ wɛtʊ kɛna nɔmɔŋ weyi ɩ-yɔɔ ɛyʊ tɩŋgʊna nɛ ɛɖɔɔnɩ kʊdɔmɩŋ nɛ mbʊ pɩfɛyɩ ɖeu yɔ. Cɩɖɩcɩɖɩ wɛtʊ ndʊ tɩsɩŋna ɖɔɖɔ nɛ kʊdɔmɩŋ weyi ɩfɛyɩ deu yɔ, paɖɩɣ-ɩ kaʊ. Cɩɖɩcɩɖɩ wɛtʊ pɩzʊ pɩwɛɛ hɔɔlɩŋ naatozo taa. Kacalaɣ lɛ, pɩwɛɛ se pahazɩ tasɩ nɛ habɛɛ yɔɔ cɩɖɩcɩɖɩ nɛ pamɩzɩ ɖɔɖɔ asuluma lɩzʊ fɔɔfɔɔnaa. Nabʊlɛ taa lɛ, pɩwɛɛ se pamɩzɩ kɔɔ wena akʊʊ kʊdɔmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ sonzoo yɔ. Kpaagbaa taa lɛ, pɩkɛna kɩcɛyʊ se paa weyi ɛcɔna nɛ ɛɖaŋɩ cɩɖɩcɩɖɩ wɛtʊ ndʊ ɛcɔlɔ nɛ ɖenɖe ɛwɛɛ yɔ.
Cɩɖɩcɩɖɩ wɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwayɩ lɛ, pɔyɔɔdʊ ɛyʊ wezu maɣmaɣ caɣʊ taa cɩɖɩcɩɖɩ ñɩndʊ, tɔɔnaɣ tɔɔʊ taa ñɩndʊ nɛ ɛyʊ ñʊʊ taa cɩɖɩcɩɖɩ ñɩnɖʊ ɖɔɖɔ. Wayɩ wayɩ cɩɖɩcɩɖɩ wɛtʊ tʊnɛ, tɩyɔɔdɩɣna ɛyaa kɛ tomnaɣ taa alafɩya tɔm nɛ hayɩsʊ pɔ-tɔm, tabakʊʊyaɣ nɔ̃ʊ nɛ sʊlʊm ñɔtʊ pɔkɔŋna kʊdɔmɩŋ weyi yɔ ɩ-tɔm. Krɛɛsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, cɩɖɩcɩɖɩ wɛtʊ lɩna pɛ-ɛgɔlɔmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ cɔlɔ. Payaɣa-ɖɩ se Hygie nɛ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɔbʊ kɛlɛ se « weyi ɛɖʊ nesi alafɩya hɔɔlʊʊ taa yɔ ». Ɛgɔlɔmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩɩkɛna tɔnʊʊ taa alafɩya yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ nɛ cɩɖɩcɩɖɩ wɛtʊ yɔɔ. Ɖɩ-caa kɛ payaɣ se Asclépios nɛ ɛlɛ kɛŋna fɛɖaa ñʊʊtʊ. Hygie kɛna mayaɣ ŋga kaɖɩkɩ kaʊ kɛ kʊdɔmɩŋ yɔ nɛ ɛgɔlɔmɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-kɔɔ kɔyɔ Panacée. Ɛnɛ ɛlɛ ñawaɣna kʊdɔŋ weyi ɩmaɣna e-neu yɔɔ nɛ ɩsʊʊ yɔ nɛ ɛnʊ sɩŋnana nɛ poluki kɔɔ pee ndɩ ndɩ. Pɩtɩŋa payɩ pɩwɩlʊ se Krɛɛsɩ mba kañaŋgaɣ cɩɖɩcɩɖɩ wɛtʊ nɛ paa ɛsɩmtaa pelizaɣ lɩm se asuluma lakasɩ ɛtaawɛɛ.
Telawɛɛrɩ
Tɛlawɛɛrɩ kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. Tɛlawɛɛrɩ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Toova nɛ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Wilmington.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa nɛ hadɛ kiŋ taa lɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se Tɛlawɛɛrɩ yɔ tɩwɛna, wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kiŋ lɛ Niwu Jɛrsii nɛ Atilantikii lɩŋgamʋʋ piyele nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Pensilivaanii.
Pamaza Tɛlawɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 6 452 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 5 068 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 1387 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 21,50 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 45 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ kajalaɣ ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ lʊbɛ nkʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1787. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 897 934 yɔ.
Payaɣ Tɛlawɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se John Carney (D) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Christopher Coons (D) nɛ Thomas Carper (D).
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ aŋgilisi. Ɛlɛ siŋŋŋ taa lɛ, komina maɣmaɣ tatɩɩ hada nɔɔ camɩyɛ se Eŋgilisi kɛŋna kɩ-kʊnʊŋ.
Yogaa
Yogaa (sanskrit kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ devanāgarī : योग ; pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɖama kpɛndʊʊ, ñɩŋgbanzɩ, laɣsɩ, pasɩ ɖɩhɛzɩyɛ), pɩkɛ siuu siuu tɩnaa sukuli naa loɖo taa sukuli lɛɛkʊ pɩtɩŋna ɛyʊ yɔɔ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ tɔm Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Tɔmpiye yogaa wɛ Rig-Véda nɛ pama-ɖɩ mbʊ yɔ pɩwɩlɩɣ se matʊ tɩɩwɛ ɖooo kpaɣɖʊ 15 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesuu Krɩstʊ nɛ kpaɣɖʊ 10 ɖɔɖɔ pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesuu Krɩstʊ. Pɩtɛkɛ Ɛsɔ Tɔm hɔɔlʊʊ ndʊ tɩ-tɔm ɖɩyɔɔdʊʊ cɩnɛ yɔ taa yeke pɔyɔɔdʊʊ yogaa tɔm, ɛlɛ ɖɔɖɔ sakɩyɛ taa kpaɣ ɛzɩ patamsɩɣ naŋ kɛkɛvi nɛ ɛhɔŋ yɔ. Yogaa sɔnzɩ paɣtʊ taa lɛ, nɔmɔŋ nɩnza caɣ ɖoŋ ɛnʊ yɔ jnana-yoga, bhakti-yoga, karma-yoga nɛ raja-yoga. Ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ yɔ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ yogaa tɔm lɛ tɔmpiye ɖɩ nɛ yɔ hatha-yoga ɖɩ-tɔm pɔyɔɔdʊʊ, paa ɖɩɩkɛ yogaa tɛɛ piliŋa yɔ. Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 2014 lɛ ONU lɩzɩ evemiye mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 21 se ɖɩkɛ kedeŋa kpeekpe yoga evemiye.
Paa ɛzɩmta lɛ, paniné takayaɣ ŋga kawɩlɩ kiɖe lakasɩ tɔm yɔ, dhatu-patha, paha kiɖe tɔmʊʊ lɛɛkʊ YUJ nɛ kʊ-tɔbʊʊ se hɛzʊʊ, (samadhi) kʊ nɛ ɛnʊ yɔ cɔɔlɩyʊVyasa ɖɔka. Ɛzɩ pañɩɣ niiye piŋ Yoga-sutra tɔbʊʊ nɩɣ yɔɔ yɔ yogaa kɛ sɩzɩɣ (hɛzʊʊ) pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛyʊ ɛhɛzɩ e-fetenum.
Pɩnzɩ 1920 alɩwaatʊ taa tɛtɛɛ kɩbɩnjaazɩ wondu yɔɔ tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa pɔ-nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʊ kɔyɔ John Marshall, ɛyaa pa nɛ yɔ pana ŋjɛyɛ wondu natʊyʊ Ɛndus (nɔɔnɔɔ Pakistan ɛjaɖɛ payaɣ mbʊ) nɔɔ yɔɔ kpɛyɛɛ kɛ Mohenjo-Daro tɛtʊ taa pɩɩwɛɛ ɖooo pɩnzɩ talɩ kudokiŋ naatozo pʊcɔ ɖa-alɩwaatʊ tʊnɛ yɔ.
Ñazɩñazʊʊ
Ñazɩñazʊʊ pɩkɛ fezuu nakʊyʊ, pɩndɩyʊʊ nabʊyʊ yaa cɛtɩm maɣzɩm nabʊyʊ, nɛ pɔtɔŋ pɩkɛ pɩyʊ weyi ɛtɛma sɩbʊ tɛ ɖanʊʊ kɔm. Payaɣ ñazɩñazɩŋ ɖɔɖɔ se asaalɩɩ waa, yaa cɩkpɛndʊʊ taa ɛyaa. Ŋgʊ paa ɖoye yɔɔ lɛ, tɔmpee ana ata lɩɩ ɖama, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ paya weyi wolo ŋgɔɔ yaa kañaɣ yɔ pɩkɛ ɛyʊ weyi ɛɛsɩba nɛ ɛɖanɩ fem yɔ, kɛlɛ ñazɩñazʊʊ yɔ pɩkɛ weluu nakʊyʊ, kɩfɛyɩ kpayɩ kpayɩ nɛ kɩfɛyɩ ɖoŋ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ kɩcɔʊʊ tɛtʊ yɔɔ yem. Tɔmpiye ñazɩñazʊʊ lɩna krɛkɩ kɩbɩnʊʊ kʊnʊŋ taa φάντασμα, palɩzɩ-ɖɩ nɛ latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ mbʊ se phantasma. Ɖooo kiɖe tɛɛ lɛ pɩkɛ cɛtɩm maɣzɩm nɛ palɩzɩ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ keekee lɛɛlɛ yɔ kpaɣ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1165 wɛɛ taa.
Nɔbɛlɩyɔm
Nɔbɛlɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 102 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ No. Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ poluba-ɩ kulubu nɛ ɛfɛyɩna ɖiɣɖiɣ agbele nɔɔyɔ. Ɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm pɩyʊ. Nobel tomnasi ɖɔnɛ sukuli ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Stockholm nana nɔbɛlɩyɔm nɛ pʊcɔ pʊwayɩ Albert Ghiorso, Torbjørn Sikkeland, John R. Walton nɛ Glenn Seaborg tasɩ-ɩ naʊ Etaazuunii pɩnaɣ 1958. Paya-ɩ se nɔbɛlɩyɔm se paɖʊna hɩɖɛ Alfred Nobel, ɛlɛ ñɛkɛ Sʊyɛdɩ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ weyi eluba tɩm nɛ ɛtɩyɩ Nobel kɩhɛyɩɣ liidiye yɔ.
2000
Pɩnaɣ 2000 kɛ pɩnaɣ 2000 ñɩŋga kɛ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ yɔ. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ taa lɛ, pɩnaɣ 2000 kɛŋna 100 ñɩŋga. Kɛwɛ pɩnzɩ 1999 nɛ 2001 hɛkʋ taa. =2000 taa lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ = Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ sɩnɛ yɔ sɩlaba :
Nɔbɛlɩyɔm
Pɩnaɣ 1957, Nobel tomnasi ɖɔnɛ sukuli ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Stockholm yɔ kɩ-taa ñɩnɩyaa susi se palaba agbele 251102 yaa 253102 pɩtɩŋna kʊrɩyɔm 244 tɛ yoluu yɔɔ nɛ karɩbɔnɩ 13, nɛ paya pʊtʊ 102 ɛnʊ se nɔbɛlɩyɔm.
Ɛyaa nabɛyɛ pɔ-nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʊ kɔyɔ Glenn Seaborg nɛ Albert Ghiorso Lawrence-Berkeley takʊʊ nɛ wiluu tʊmɩyɛ se paɖanɩ labʊ mbʊ Stockholm lɩmaɣza kɛwa yɔ nɛ patapɩzɩ. Ɛyaa kʊyʊma mba ɖanɩɣ yɔɔdʊʊ se palaba pʊtʊ 254102 pɩtɩŋna kʊrɩyɔm 244 yoluu yɔɔ nɛ karbɔnɩ 12 pɩnaɣ 1958. Ŋgbɛyɛ lɛɛɖɛ, ɖɩ-nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʊ kɔyɔ Gueorgui Fliorov kɛ Doubna tɛtʊ taa, papʊtʊʊ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-tɔm. Pɛtɛmna se Lawrence- Berkeley kɛ paɖaɣna-ɩ labʊ nɛ ndʊ tɩlɩ peeɖe yɔ kpazʊʊ ɖoŋ Doubna ñɩndʊ.
Takota Hadɛ Kiŋ
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Minezotaa nɛ Iyowa, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ lɛXiyominii nɛ Montana, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Nebraskaa piyele nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Takota nɛ hayʊ kiŋ. Pamaza Takota nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 199 905 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 196 735 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 3 173 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 1,6  yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 40 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 40 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naalɛ ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1889. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 814 180 yɔ.
Payaɣ Takota nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Dennis Daugaard (R) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Mike Rounds (R) nɛ John Thune (R). Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ aŋgilisi.
Kpalɩma
Kpalɩma kɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ. Wayɩ nɛ wayɩ kɩkalʊʊ ŋgʊ pakalaa yɔ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 101 088 yɔ. Kpalɩma kɛna Togo ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ naanza ñɩndʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ, pʊtɔbʊʊ se kacalaɣ ndʊ lɛ Loma, pɩwayɩ lɛ Sɔgɔɖɛyɩ nɛ Kayaɣ. Peeɖe tɩŋ wɛɛ pɩkɩlɩ togo taa hɔɔlɩŋ lɛɛŋ nɛ tɛʊ nɩɣ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ pɩkɩlɩ ɛzɩ hɔɔlɩŋ lɛɛŋ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ.
Togo taa lɛ peeɖe pakɩlɩɣ hayʊʊ kɔfɩ nɛ kooko. Pɩsa nɛ taabalɩyɛ nɛ tɔsʊʊ pɩɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa lɛ, tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩɖʊ taabalɩyɛ nɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ nɛ nɛ ndʊ yɔ: Presuwiiri (Bresuire) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1991 nɛ Lɩm hɛkʊ taa tɛtʊndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Maaree yɔ (Île de Maré) pɩnaɣ 2008. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlɩɣ yɔɔdʊʊ peeɖe yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ ahʊna. Pɔyɔɔdʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ Kotokoli (tem) nɛ kabɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Kʊnʊmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ mba wɛ ɖɔɖɔ peeɖe.
Lakaɣ
Ɖɩcɔnɩ tɔm loyaɣ kanɛ nɛ ɖɩna:
Abalʋ /tɔkɩ/ mʋtʋ.
Abalʊ =laɖʊ
tɔkɩ =lakaɣ
mʊtʊ =lakaɣ tɛzɩyʊ yaa lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɛzɩyʊ
Yee pɔɔyɔdɩ yem se « Abalʋ, mʋtʋ. » Tɔm loyaɣ kanɛ kataawɛɛnɩ tɔbʋʋ nɩʋ. Pʋ-yɔɔ paa tɔm loyaɣ ŋga lɛ, pʋwɛɛ se kɛwɛɛnɩ « lakaɣ ».
Mon-ɖoo sɔkɩ kpamla sɔɔyɛ taa.
Pɔyɔɔdɩ yem se «  Kolaa nɛ ɛ-taabalaa pombo sukuli kadaɣ taa », ɛyʋ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ ɛnɩɩ  ndʋ pacaɣ yɔɔdʋʋ yɔ.
Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, paatɔma yem se «  Mon-ɖoo kpamla sɔɔyɛ taa », pɩɩwɛɣ tɔbʋʋ nɩʋ.
Yee mbʋ, lakaɣ kɛŋnɩ tɔmpiye keem paa tɔm loyaɣ ŋga ka-taa.
Paɣtʊ
Samuel de Champlain
Samuel de Champlain kɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyʊ nɛ palʋlʊ-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1567 nɛ 1574 pɩnzɩ hɛkʋ taa mbʋ yɔ. Puruwazi wɛ tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩwɛ ɛwadɩyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Saranti yɔ tɩ- cɔlɔ kpam yɔ. Pɔsɔ Samuel de Champlain kɛ Ɛsɔ tɛ lɩm kɛ aloma fenaɣ taa kɩyakʋ 18 ñɩŋgʋ wiye pɩnaɣ 1574.
Samuel de Champlain ɛsɩba kizimasi wiye kɛɛkɛɛ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1635 ñɩŋga taa, Keebɛkɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Samuel de Champlain kɛ kpɩyɩŋ sayʊ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ. Ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ tɛtʊ tɛlɛnzɩ lɩzɩyʊ. Pɩtasɩɩna mbʊ, ɛkɛ sɔɔja sɔsɔ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ ajɛɛ taa wobu nɛ tɛtʊ kpɛlɛkʋʋ ɛyʊ. Ɛkɛ sawɩlaa takayɩsɩ tɔm mayʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛnʋ lɩzana tɛtʋ ndʋ payaɣ-tʋ size Keebɛkɩ yɔ.
Samaɣ ñɩm lɩmaɣzɩyɛ
Samaɣ ñɩm lɩmaɣzɩyɛ pɩkɛ maɣzɩm sakɩyɛ nɛ politiki lɩmaɣza tɔm, ndʊ tɩkɛ se pañɩnɩ samaɣ tɛ nɩnaʊ tɔm nɛ tɔsʊʊ tɔm pɛwɛɛ siɣsiɣ yɔ. Lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kuɖum kɛlɛ ɛyaa tɩŋa ɛwɛɛ kɩmaŋ nɔɔyʊ ɛtatɔ se ɛkɩla lɛlʊ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ ɛzɩ Karl Marx lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɩnaa, nɔɔyʊ ɛtaakpaɖɩ lɛlʊ. Sakɩyɛ taa lɛ papɩzɩɣ palɩzɩ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ pɩkɛ politiki tɔm, nɛ tɔm kɛdʊʊ taa lɛ ɖɩnɩɣ paasɩ-ɖɩ lɩmɩyɛ yɔɔ, nɛ ɛɩ-maɣzɩm keem kaakɛ paa anɩ ɛkpaɣ ɛjaɖɛ se ɖɩwɛ ɖeu. Ɛyaa pa nɛ yɔ palʊkɩna koomulum tɔm, nɛ pakandɩɣ samaɣ hɛkɩŋ taa nɩnaʊ tɔm yɔɔ.
Tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩsʊʊ yɔɔdaɣ taa kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1820 alɩwaatʊ taa, wɛɛ ana a-taa papaza kpɛlɩ tʊma sɔsɔna tʊmɩyɛ nɛ tɛtʊ naa lɩzʊʊ yaa pɩsɩtʊ tɔm. Pɩɩkɛ tɔm kuzuu nɛ ɖama kʊyɩnaʊ pɩlɩna ɛzɩma nesi tɛɛ tʊma laɖaa ɛwɛɛ weewee pe-fezuu caɣʊʊ taa yɔ, nɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛyaa tɩŋa keŋkeŋ, mbʊ menɖeke mañɩm lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɩnaa kaakɩla ɛyaa pa nɛ pɔyɔɔ caʊʊ.
Sukuli laɖaa sɔsaa Georges Bourgin nɛ Pierre Rimbert ñakpaɣ tɔm ndʊ ɛzɩ pɩkɛ samaɣ ŋga kalʊkɩ lɩmaɣza keem anɛ a-yɔɔ yɔ, paa anɩ ñɩm kpaɣ ɛzɩ haɖaʊ wondu yaa tʊmɩyɛ wondu, paa weyi ɛlakɩ tʊmɩyɛ wondu ɛzɩ ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛtɩna-tʊ yɔ, pawɩlɩɣ ɖama tʊma ɛzɩma papɩzɩ pala nɛ samaɣ hiɣ hanaɣ yɔ. Tɔsʊʊ huuu nɔmɔʊ taa lɛ nɔɔyʊ ɛɛkɛyɩɣ pɩyʊ se eyeke ɛtɩna.
Tɔmpiye nɖɩ suwee ɖɩnɩɣ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ nɛ ɖɩlɩna le, Bertrand Russell lɩzɩ pɩnaɣ 1918 kpɛndɛ ñɩm lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɔm, nɛ ɛtɔŋ nɛ pɩɣyɩyʊʊ tɔm pɩlɩna ɛzɩma pɩwɛɛ se tɛtʊ tiŋa ɛwɛɛ ɛyaa kpeekpe nesi tɛɛ nɛ ñɩm tɩŋa kɛ samaɣ tɩŋa pɩyʊ. Kɛlɛ tɔm ndʊ palakɩ-tʊ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa samaɣ nɩna ɖama se pɛkpeŋdɩ ñɩm yɔ a-taa kɛnɛ, naɖɩyɛ eesidiɣ.
Mɛndɛlɛvɩyɔm
Mɛndɛlɛvɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 101 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Md (wɛɛ kɩbɩna taa lɛ pɩɩkɛ Mv pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩna pɩnaɣ 1957). Ɛ-tɛ agbele naa taa nɔɔyʊ fɛyɩ ɖiɣɖiɣ. Weyi ɛlɛ caɣ wɛʊ ɖiɣɖiɣ yɔ 158Md wɛna titiɖe fezuu caɣʊʊ pɩsɩna kɩyakɩŋ nɩnʊwa nɛ kagbanzɩ. Paalakɩ-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ wezuu kpɛlɛkʊʊ ɖeɖe nɛ ɛwɛna tɩlasɩ sakɩyɛ x cɛnzɩ tɔʊ tʊmɩyɛ ɖeɖe yee palaba-ɩ ɛɖɔɔ sakɩyɛ kɔyɔ.
Ɛyaa pa nɛ yɔ paasɩma mɛndɛlɛvɩyɔm pɩnaɣ 1955, Albert Ghiorso, Bernard Harvey (de), Gregory Choppin (en), Stanley Thompson (en) nɛ Glenn Seaborg. Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛwɛ ɖoŋ cɛnzɩ tɔʊ nɔmɔʊ taa mbʊ lɛ, palaba-ɩ pɩtɩŋna panazaɣ ayɩnstayɩnɩyɔm nɛ hɛlɩyɔm 4 tʊ hɛkʊ taa piye. Dmitri Mendeleïv hɩɖɛ ɖʊʊ yɔɔ paha-ɩ-ɖɩ, ɛnʊ kɛna kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ pʊtʊnaa caɣyɛ kpata caa.
Mɛndɛlɛvɩyɔm kɛ nakʊ tʊ weyi poluba-ɩ kulubu yɔ. Kajalaɣ taa lɛ Albert Ghiorso, Bernard G. Harvey, Gregory R. Choppin, Stanley G. Thompson nɛ Glenn T. Seaborg kaalɛna-ɩ labʊ pɩnaɣ 1955 Kaliforni sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa Berkeley tɛtʊ taa.
Nayaa kpaɣ lɩmaɣza mbʊ se paya pʊtʊ 101 tʊ ɛnʊ se mɛndɛlɛvɩyɔm pɩlɩna Ruusii kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ Dmitri Mendeleïev yɔɔ, ɛnʊ weyi ɛɖʊ nesi siŋ nɛ pama kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ pʊtʊnaaa caɣyɛ kpata yɔ. Pɩɩtʊzɩna niiikaɣ yoŋ alɩwaatʊ mbʊ lɛ, Seaborg peeziɣ Etaazuunii komina se hɩɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ yɔ ɖɩlɩna Ruusii kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ yɔɔ.
2001
Pɩnaɣ 2001 kɛ pɩnaɣ 2001 ñɩŋga kɛ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ yɔ. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kʋɖʋm taa lɛ, pɩnaɣ 2000 kɛŋna kajalaɣ ñɩŋga. Kɛwɛ pɩnzɩ 2000 nɛ 2002 hɛkʋ taa. =2001 taa lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ = Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ sɩnɛ yɔ sɩlaba :
Tapaŋgʊ
Tapaŋgʊ kɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩŋkɛŋna Kadasɩ hɔɔlʊʊ (Savanes) taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ nɛ tɩwayɩ lɛ, Maŋgʊ tɛtʊ tɩŋgʊʊna. Tapaŋgʊ kɛna Kadasɩ hɔɔlʊʊ (Savanes) taa ɖenɖe kɩyakʊ sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ wɛɛ yɔ nɛ kiposina Loma tɛtʊ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 650 yɔ; nɛ yee pɩkɛ Purkina Fasoo, pɩtala ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 35 yɔ.
Tooni egeetiye taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ɖɔɖɔ kɛlɛ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ nɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se Issy-Les Moulineaux yɔ, paɖʊ taabalɩyɛ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1989 nɛ palakɩ tʊma kʊɖʊma se tɔsʊʊ, ɛsa kuliye nɛ ɛsɩndaa wobʊ ɛɖɛɛ nɛ ɛsɩnda. Pɩnaɣ 2006 taa pakala ɛyaa kɛ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa lɛ pɛkpɛnda ɛzɩ ɛyaa 34 000 yɔ nɛ pa-taa lɛ, mba pɛwɛnɛ pɩnzɩ nɛ sɩtatalɩ nɛɛlɛ yɔ, mba kɩlɩna ɖɔʊ.
Ɖama tʋʋzɩnaʋ tɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ
Pɔtɔŋʋʋ se ɖama tʋʋzʋnaʋ tɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ yɔ, pɩkɛ lɩmaɣza naalɛ kpɛndʋʋ. Lɛɣtʋ piliŋa tɛ ñɩnɩyʋ sɔsɔ Albert Einstein labanɩ ɖama tʋʋzʋnaʋ tɛ lɩmaɣza tʋma sakɩyɛ.
Ɛyɔɔdaa se ɖama tʋʋzʋnaʋ tɛ lɩmaɣza wɛ tam naalɛ taa : kajalaɣ lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ ɖama tʋʋzʋnaʋ tɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩtawalɩ yɔ. Nabʋlɛ lɛ, ɖama tʋʋzʋnaʋ tɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kɩwalɩyɛ ñɛwɛɛ.
Ɛlɛ, ɖooo caanaʋ taa lɛɣtʋ pilŋa tɛ ñɩnɩyʋ sɔsɔ Galilée ñɩnaa nɛ ɛna se ɖama tʋʋzʋnaʋ tɛ lɩmaɣza kpɛnda tam naalɛ taa. Papɩzɩɣ patamsɩna ñɩnɩyʋ sɔsɔ Galilée tʋma nɛ sɔsɔ Newton ñɩna.
Dooo pɩnaɣ 1906 taa tomnasɩ ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkɩyʋ, sɔsɔ Max Planck paɣzɩ ɖama tʋʋzʋnaʋ tɛ lɩmaɣza labɩnaʋ nɛ tʋmɩyɛ. Ɛlɛ, ɛnʋʋ lɛ, ɛñɩɣ nesi kpem ɖama tʋʋzʋnaʋ ɖɔnɛ yɔɔ.
Ɖama tʋʋzʋnaʋ tɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ ndɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ nʋmɔʋ taa ñɩnɩyʋ Alfred Bucherer calɩ yɔɔdʋʋ ɖama tʋʋzʋnaʋ tɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɔm.
Kpɛlɛkɩtʊ ɖɛzʊʊ
Kpɛlɛkɩtʊ ɖɛzɩtʊ, pɩkɛ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ nɔmɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa ɛyʊ lɛlʊ pɩzɩɣ ɛkpɛlɛkɩ lɛlʊ cɔlɔ lɔŋ yɔ. Pɩkɛ pɩzɩtʊ nɔmɔʊ ŋgʊ tɩ-taa pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩwɛɛ ɖeu yaa pɩkɔna ɖɔɖɔ tɩlɩsɩ yɔ. Kpaɣ ɛzɩ yee poluki nabʊyʊ nɛ patamaɣzɩ lɛɛbʊ mbʊ pɩɩtɛma wɛʊʊ yɔ pʊyɔɔ se pʊmʊna ɖama kɔyɔ yaa wɛtʊ lɛɛtʊ ɛɛhaɣ lɛɛtʊ nɔmɔʊ se tɩsʊʊ kɔyɔ.
Pɩlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa nɔmɔŋ naatozo wɛna. Kajalaɣ lɛ, hɔɔlɩŋ naalɛ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ, pɩkɛ nesi tɛɛ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ lɛɛlʊ pɩzʊʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ ekoobu cɔlɔ, ɛlɛ ñɛkɛʊ ɛyʊ weyi ɛkpasa yɔ. Ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ ɛyʊ weyi ɛkɛ lɩmɩyɛ tʊ ɛkpɛlɛkʊʊ nesi kɩbanzɩ laɣsɩ tʊmɩyɛ ɛkaɣ pɩsɩɣ nesi kɩbanzɩ tʊ.
Hɔɔlʊʊ naalɛ, kpɛlɛkɩtʊ se ŋtɩlɩ, sakɩyɛ taa lɛ ɖɩkpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ sakɩyɛ ndɩ ndɩ, nɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ ɖɩtɩlɩɣ-yɛ mbʊ sakɩyɛ sakɩyɛ nɛ lɔŋ ndɩ ndɩ ɖɔɖɔ (ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ kʊnʊmɩŋ kɩfaŋ kpɛlɛkʊʊ).
Hɔɔlʊʊ naatozo ñɩŋʊ ŋgʊ kɩfɛyɩ camɩyɛ yɔ kpaɣ ɛzɩ ɛyʊ weyi ɛkpɛlɛkʊʊ anasaayɩ ñɩyʊʊ ŋgʊ ɖɩyaɣ se ɔrdɩnatɛrɩ yɔ, yee ŋkpɛlɛka kɩ-yɔɔ ñɩɣ nɛ ne naalɛ kɔyɔ pɩkaŋ labʊ kaɖɛ piŋ kɛ pʊwayi se ŋpɩzɩ ŋñɩɣ nɛ ne naanʊwa.
Ɛsɩpaañɩ
Ɛsipaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ kɛ Eerɔpɩ nɛ kɩ-hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Keteŋa kpeekpe lɛ, pɛkɛdɩɣ ajɛya wena a-taa eyaa ɖɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, Ɛsipaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ sɛʊ nɛ ɖɩkɛ 28 ñɩnɖɛ nɛ ɖɩ-ɛyaa kpɛndɩ miliyɔŋnaa 46 pɩnaɣ 2015 taa. Mediiteraanee teŋgu cɔ-ɖɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ payɩ nɛ pɩta ɛlɛ pɩkazɩ hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ. Hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Piirenee, Andɔɔrɩ nɛ Kaskɔɔñɩ lɩm; piyele wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, Pɔrtiigaalɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Atɩlantiiki teŋʊ.
Eerɔpɩ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlyɛ taa lɛ, Ɛsipaañɩ kɩlɩna walanzɩ nɛ pɩkɛ Eerɔpɩ ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ taa kɔyɔ Fransɩ ñakɩlɩna. Kɩ-walanzɩ taa wɛɛ kilomɛtanaa akpagba 504 030. Yee pɩkɛ Eerɔpɩ kpeekpe taa kɔ yɔ, ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɛ naatozo ñɩnɖɛ Ukrɛɛnɩ nɛ Fransɩɩ pawayɩ. Ɛzɩma Ɛsipaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ wɛ ajɛya lɛɛna cɔlɔ yɔ lɛ ɖɩ-taa tɩlɩtʊ nɛ lɔŋ ndɩ ndɩ sidi yem.
Benoît kiɖeɖeu ɛyaa
Benoît Kiɖeɖeu paɣtʊ kɛlɛ payaa-wɛ kɛlɛʊ taa se Benedictin waa ɛzɩ pɔtɔŋʊʊ se Benoît ɛyaa yɔ (wazaɣ tɛ ɛyaa), pɩkɛ maacɔ waa ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, petisa Benoît kiɖeɖeu paɣtʊ yɔɔ yɔ. Mbʊ lɛ Nursie Benoît kiɖeɖeu (pɩnzɩ 480 ŋtalɩ 547) pɩsɩ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-kiɖe tʊ (pɩnaɣ 529).
Papa Benoît 16 cɔlɔ lɛ, Benoît Kiɖeɖeu wɩlaɣ ɛ-tɔm mʊyaa lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kʊyʊmɖɩyɛ nɖɩ yɔ se pañɩnɩ Ɛsɔ. Pʊwayɩ yɔ paɣtʊ ndʊ paɖʊ-tʊ tʊma ndɩ ndɩ taa, Ɛsɔ tɔm suzuu nɔmɔʊ taa, Erɔpʊ agbaɓa alɩwaatʊ taa, sɩɣ nɛ ɖɛzʊʊ ɛsakuliye hɔɔlʊʊ taa kɛ Hɛkʊ Alɩwaatʊ taa, Fada naa tʊma tɛ tɔm tɔbɩŋ lɩzɩɣ nɛ taɖɩtʊ kpaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 17 wɛɛ taa, sukuli wɩlɩtʊ tɔm ŋgbaɣ nɖɛɛ mbʊ. Lɩmaɣzɩyɛ keekee nɖɩ Benoît kiɖeɖeu ñɩɣ niye ɖɩ-yɔɔ ɛ-tɔm mʊyaa cɔlɔ lɛ yɔ Ɛsɔ ñɩnɩɣ tʊmɩyɛ.
Maacɔ waa tʊmɩyɛ ɖɩlaɖɛ taa wɛʊ mbʊ pɩtɔpɔzɩ se nabʊyʊ ɛtɛɖɩ, pɩwɛɛ nɛ pɩkɛ kɩjɛyʊʊ koŋ se pɛcɛyɩ pa-tɩ nɛ kɛtɛɖaɣ wondu tɩŋa wɛɛ pɔ-cɔlɔ, ɛzɩ lɩm, mooti, kaɖaɣ nɛ nesi tɛɛ tʊma ɖɩlaɖɛ nɛ pɩsa papɩzɩ pala tʊma kpeekpe papɩlʊʊ taa peeɖe nɛ nɔɔyʊ ɛtalɩɩna awayɩ.
Kajalaɣ maacɔ waa kuduyuu pama-kʊ Cassin pʊʊ yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 529 cɔlɔ kpam ɛlɛ Nursie Benoît mana-kʊ nɛ ɛlɩzɩ kɩ-paɣtʊ. Benoît maacɔ waa yɛlɩ Erɔpʊ kpeekpe taa nɛ pohuu pilinzi sakɩyɛ nɛ halɩ sɩ-hɩla sɛɛ piŋ. Abbaye waa mba pa-hɩla kɩla kʊyʊʊ yɔ pɛ-tɛ pɛ-tɛ yɔ Prüm, Ratisbonne, Fulda, Ellwang, Salzbourg, Reichenau, Beuron, Hirsau, Metten, Scheyern, Ettal, Ottobeuren, Einsiedeln, Admont, Melk. Ɛngɩlɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, Benoît maacɔ waa kuduyiŋ weyi ɛ-hɩla kɩla sɛʊʊ yɔ ɛlɛ wɛɛ tɛtʊ naa pɛ nɛ pa-taa Cantorbéry, York, Westminster, Saint-Albans. Pɛlɩzɩkɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ ɖɩnaɣ Maredsous abbaye yaa Strvelot ñɩŋʊ.
Liu
Kabɩyɛ kʋnʋŋ tɔmpe wɛna liŋ ndɩ ndɩ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se pakalɩɣ tɔmpiye naɖɩyɛ lɛ, ɖi-witu kpa ɛsɔdaa. Pakalɩɣ naɖɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɖɩɖɩ witu ɛɛkpa ɛsɔdaa.
Kʊrɩyɔm
Kʊrɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 96 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Cm. Mendeleiv tɛ pʊtʊnaa pɩlɩyɛ tɛ kpata taa lɛ, ɛcaɣ akɩtɩnɩdɩ tɛ lone taa. Paya kʊrɩyɔm hɩɖɛ pɩlɩna tomnasi ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkɩyaa Pierre Curie nɛ Marie Curie pɔ-yɔɔ. Kʊrɩyɔm wɛ ɛzɩ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ weyi ɛtɔʊʊ cɛnzɩ yɔ, ɛhʊlɩmɩ kpʊzɩyɛɛ liidiye tɩyɛ, nɛ eleɖiɣ piŋ.
Liu
Tɔmpe lɛɛna ñɛwɛnɩ liu kitibuu. Tɔmpe wena awɛnɩ liu kitibuu yɔ, a-taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ tɔmpiye « kozoŋa ». Tɔmpe wena paahɛɣ paa ɖɩ-halɩmayaɣ nakɛyɛ ñʋʋ taa cɛcɛyaɣ yɔ, pɔtɔŋ se tɔmpiye ńɖɩ, ɖɩwɛnɩ « kozoŋa »liu.
Kʊrɩyɔm
Palaba kʊrɩyɔm kajalaɣ ɖeɖe pɩnaɣ 1944 pɩtɩŋna pʊtʊ nɔɔyʊ weyi ɛfɛyɩ yuŋ yɔɔ, ɛlɛ yɔ plʊtɔnɩyɔm. Ɛ-tɛ natʊ ndʊ potosusi-tʊ kpa. Kɛlɛ palakaɣ tanaʊ nakʊyʊ Amerika raadiyo taa pɩcɛlɩna piyaa yɔɔ nɛ ɛyʊ weyi paya-ɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖiɖeɖe yɔ ɛnʊ lɛ, Glenn T. Seaborg, ɛnʊ kaanana pʊtʊ ɛnʊ nɛ esusi ɛ-tɔm, mbʊ pɔyɔɔ ecosa tɔmʊʊ nakʊyʊ ŋgʊ pɩɣa lɛɛka kaapɔza-ɩ se kana se yee pana pʊtʊnaa kɩfama nabɛyɛ, nɛ ɛyɔɔdɩ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-tɔm.
Liu
Tɔmpe lɛɛna ñɛwɛnɩ « kpáŋaɣ » liu. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se pɛhɛɣ cɛcɛyaɣ tɔmpe ana a-kajalaɣ halɩmasɩ ñʋŋ taa cɛcɛsɩ.
Kʊrɩyɔm
Pana kʊrɩyɔm tesoŋiye wɛɛ taa pɩnaɣ 1944 pɩtɩŋna Glenn T. Seaborg yɔɔ nɛ ɛgbaɣtɩnaa Ralph A. James nɛ Albert Ghiorso. Pɛ-tɛ tɩlɩyɛ ñɩnɩɣ nɔmɔʊ taa lɛ, palaba tʊmɩyɛ siklotroŋ waa mba pɛwɛ Berkeley Kaliforni sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa yɔ. Nɛptʊnɩyɔm nɛ plʊtɔnɩyɔm pa wayɩ lɛ, ɛkɛ pʊtʊ naatozo tʊ weyi palaba-ɩ kɩlabʊ yɔ nɛ pɩnaɣ 1940 pana-ɩ. Papɩzɩɣ ɛ-tɛ labɩtʊ pʊcɔ amɛrɩsɩyɔm, ŋgʊ ɛlɛ ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɛ cikpelaɣ ɛnʊ ñɩŋʊ ɛsɩndaa.
Liu
Tɔmpe lɛɛna ñɛwɛɛnɩ « nákaʋ́ » liu. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se tɔmpe ana lɛ, pɛhɛɣ a-kajalaɣ nɛ a-kpaagbaa halɩmasɩ ñʋŋ taa cɛcɛsɩ ɛzɩ pɛhɛʋ tɔmpiye nákaʋ́ ñɩnzɩ ñʋŋ taa yɔ.
Tɔmpe lɛɛna lɛ, awɛnɩ « kɩlákʋ » liu. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, tɔmpe ana, a-hɛkɩŋ taa halɩmasɩ ñʋŋ taa pɛhɛɣ cɛcɛsɩ ɛzɩ pɛhɛʋ tɔmpiye « kɩlákʋ » ñɩŋa ñʋʋ taa yɔ.
Abalɩmasɩ taa lɛ, masɩ sɩnɛ yɔ : n, ŋ nɛ m pa-ñʋŋ taa ɖeke papɩzɩɣ pɛhɛɛ cɛcɛsɩ yee si-liŋ ɛkʋyɩ ɛsɔdaa tɔmpe naayɩ taa kɔyɔ.
Ɛsɩyɛ
Kʊtɔmɩŋ sakɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ akpaɣ ɛsɛ nɛ kʊtɔmɩŋ ɩnʊ ɩ-taa kɔyɔ kelaɣ yaa ɛsɩyɛ taa caɣyʊ. Ɛlɛ papɩzɩɣ nɛ papɩzɣ nɛ pawaa kʊtɩŋ ɩnʊ. Ɛsɩyɛ wɛʊ yɔ, ɖɩwɛna huyiŋ yaa aŋwanaa naatozo nɛ mba yekina nɛ ɛyʊ naɣ. Aŋwana mba pɛwɛna wazasɩ ndɩ ndɩ. Lɩm nabʊyʊ wɛ aŋwanaa mba pɛhɛkʊ taa nɛ pɩsɩŋna ɛsɩyɛ se ɖɩcɔʊ.
Tɛtɛtɛ kpɩna naayɩ tɛ lɛ, ɛzɩ pɩyaʊ kɛ mbʊ yɔ, aŋwanaa mba pɩnaɣ-wɛ camɩyɛ. Wɩsɩ taa lɛ, aŋwanaa mba pakpɩɩsɩɣ nɛ pɩkazɩ ɛsɩyɛ piye ñɩɩɩ nɛ ɖoo taa lɛ, huyiŋ ɩnʊ ekpiyu nɛ pɩkazɩ ɛsɩyɛ piye kikpɛdɩyɛ camɩyɛ nɛ pɩsɩna nɛ pɩna poliŋ yaa cɩkpɛndɩɣ taa.
Tantalɩ
Palakɩ tantalɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ piŋ ɖɔkɔtɔ naa tɛ nɛ tɔnʊʊ tɛɛ sɔzʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ ɖeɖe ɖɔɖɔ. Pasɩma-ɩ piŋ ɖɔɖɔ nazɩyʊ tʊma taa nɛ polukina nazɩyʊ ñɩɣdɩyʊ. Pakɩnda ɛ-hɩɖɛ latɛŋ leɣtʊ kɩfatʊ cɔlɔ tantalum, hɩɖɛ nɖɩ paha-ɩ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1802 pɩtɩŋna kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ Anders Gustaf Ekeberg Sʊyɛdɩ tʊ. Pɩnaɣ 1801, Charles Hatchett ɛkɛ Ɛnglɩsɩ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ ɛna ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ kɩfalʊ nɔɔyʊ (pɩnzɩ 1765-1847) pɩtɩŋna ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ kɩkpɛɛdɩtʊ natʊyʊ tɩlɩna Connecticut komina cɔlɔ nɛ paya-ɩ Columbia. Ɛya-ɩ se kɔlɔmbɩyɔm, pɩkɛ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ ɖiileɖuu mbʊ yɔ pɩlɩna tʊma kɩbɩna yɔɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1802 lɛ, Anders Gustaf Ekeberg (1767- 1813) ɛkɛ wɩlɩyʊ Uppsala sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa Sʊyɛdɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, lakɩ tʊmɩyɛ kalɩkɔdaɣ nakɛyɛ yɔɔ nɛ pɩcaɣ-ɩ kaɖɛ piŋ se ɛlabɩ-ɖɩ. Pɩnaɣ 1809 lɛ, William Hyde Wollaston ɖaɣnɩ labʊ tʊmɩyɛ kɔlɔmbɩyɔm nɛ tantalɩ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ yɔɔ nɛ ɛtɔŋ se pʊtʊnaa mba pa-naalɛ paakɛ kʊyʊm kɛnɛ. Pɩnaɣ 1820 lɛ, Jöns Jacob Berzelius ñalɩzɩ tantalɩ kiyeke. Pɩnaɣ 1844 lɛ, Heinrich Rose ñatʊʊ tantalɩtɩ taa kɛ pʊtʊnaa naalɛ, tantalɩ, sɛrɩtɩ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ kɩfalʊ nɔɔyʊ ɛlɛ ɛyaa se nɩyɔbɩyɔm, hɩɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlɩna Niobe cɔlɔ Tantalɩ halɩpɩɣa kɛlɛ mbʊ krɛkɩ pɔpɔtʊ tɔm kɛdʊʊ.
Sufɩlɛɛrɩ
Ñɩyʊ kʊtɔɔʊ yaa ñɩtʊ kʊtɔɔtʊ kɛna tɩŋ tɔɔnaɣ ŋga pahayʊ-kɛ ka-ñɩtʊ yaa ka-hatʊ yɔɔ yɔ. Ñɩtʊ kʊtɔɔʊ ndʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ tʊ-tɔm cɩnɛ yɔ payaɣ-tʊ se suu-hɛtʊ. Suu ñɩyʊ kʊtɔɔʊ kʊnɛ pahayʊʊ-kʊ yɔ tɩ-hatʊ yɔɔ pahayɩɣ-kʊ mbʊ pɔyɔɔ yɔ, pɩkɩlɩ ɛzɩ tɩŋ cɔka kʊtɔɔtʊ lɛɛtʊ yɔ, ñɩtʊ kʊtɔɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-wɛ camɩyɛ lɛfɩɩɩ nɛ lɛŋ ɖɔɖɔ pɔtɔkɩ-tʊ.
Ñɩyʊ kʊtɔɔʊ yaa ñɩtʊ kʊtɔɔtʊ yaa ɖɔɖɔ suu-hɛtʊ kaakɛ huuye kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ ɛlɛ ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ yɔ huwa naatozo wɛna. Kacalaɣ ñɩndʊ ndʊ tɩɩwɛɛ yɔ, tɩɩkɛ kʊhʊlʊmɩŋ nɛ pɩwayɩ yɔ lɛɛtʊ lɩwa nɛ tʊtʊ wɛ ɛzɩ tɩŋ hɛtʊ lɩm yɔ nɛ lɛɛtʊ ñɛwɛɛ kɩsɛɛmɩŋ caʊʊʊ. Pʊcɔ nɛ papɩzɩ pɔtɔɔ suu-hɛtʊ tʊnɛ lɛ, pɩwɛɛ se pɔsɔʊ-tʊ nɛ tɩ-hɛkʊ taa piye nɖi ɖɩlɩʊ kuŋgulum yɔ ɖɩpɑɣlɩ lɛ, pɩkɛna kɩcɛyʊʊ se pɛsɛtɩ-ɖɩ pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ yɔ suu ŋgʊ kɩpɩsʊʊ tɔɔnzɩ yaa ŋgʊm. Agoza fenaɣ yaa mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ taa kɛ pakɩlʊʊ yaa pɩwɛɛ se pahayɩ suu-hɛtʊ kʊnɛ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ kɩsɔɔla lɩm czmɩyɛ se pɩsa nɛ kɩpaɣlɩ camɩyɛ. Tɔɔnasɩ nzɩ papɩzʊ pesidi suu taa nɛ pɩwɛɛ camɩyɛ yɔ sɩɖɔɔ nɛ sɩ-taa kɔyɔ: tɩmaatɩ, kaabʊ, karɔtɩ, kela nɛ pesidina num mbʊ ɛyʊ sɔɔlaa yɔ. Papɩzʊʊ pasɩɩ suu nɛ kileɖi. Ɛlɛ yee pɩkɛ nikaɣ ŋgbaʊ taa ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛsɩɩ kɔyɔ, pɩwɛɛ se ɛhɔkɩ-kʊ anwa huyuu taa nɛ ɛzɩ ɛlɛ pɩtaakɩlɩ leɖʊʊ nɛ pʊcɔ ɛɛlɩzɩ se ɛtɔkɩ. Ɛlɛ ɛyʊ ɛfɛyɩna nikaɣ ŋgbaʊ kɔyɔ ɛpɩzʊ ɛsɩɩ ɖenɖe nɩkaɣ wɛ camɩyɛ yɔ nɛ pɩtaa wɩlɩ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, lɛŋ ɖeke pɔtɔkɩ.
Papɩzʊ pesidi paa nandʊ ndʊ, lɩm ñɩndʊ yaa kuɖoŋgutu yaa ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ kpakpasɩ kɩwɩsɩ yaa lɩm ñɩnzɩ; sɔsɔsɩ yaa cikpesi. Ɛlɛ yee pɩkɛ nandʊ ndʊ poɖoŋga yɔɔ yɔ pɩkɩlɩ ɖeu. Keteŋa kpeekpe taa pɩnzɩ 2003-2004 taa lɛ ajɛya naatozo kacalaɣ ñɩna wena a-taa pakɩla hayʊ suu yɔ ana lɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ, nɛ pɩtɩŋ Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ naatozo ñɩnɖɛ yɔ Itaalii. Ɛlɛ yee pɔcɔna keteŋa kpeekpe taa kɔyɔ, tɔɔnɩnaa pɩsʊʊ patalɩ ɛzɩ 16 183 119 yaa 16 383 583.
Ukurɛnɩ
Ukurɛnɩ kɛna Erɔpɩ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Walanzɩ taa lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ lɛ naalɛ ñɩnɖɛ walanzɩ taa kɛ Erɔpɩ taa.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ɖɩ-hadɛ kiŋ lɛ, teŋu Kɩkpɛɖɩɣ nɛ Azɔɔvɩ teŋu pɛwɛna, hayi kiŋ lɛ, Ruusii wɛna piyele nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, Piyeelooruusii. Ɖi-wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, Pɔlɔɔñɩ, Siloovakii nɛ Hɔŋgrii ajɛya ñɛwɛna, pɩkazɩ Rumaanii nɛ Mɔlɩdavii ajɛya ñɛwɛna wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ.
Takotaa Hayɩ Kiŋ
Takotaa Hayɩ Kiŋ kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. Takota taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Bismark nɛ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Fargo.
Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Minesootaa, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ lɛ Montanaa hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Takota nɛ hadɛ kɩŋ piyele nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Kanadaa ageeta naayɛ ñɛwɛna. Pamaza Takota Hayɩ Kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 183 272 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 178 839 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 4 432 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 2,4 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ.
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 39 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naalɛ ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1889. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 756 927 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 46 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa. Payaɣ Takota Hayʊ Kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Doug Burgum (R) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Heidi Heitkamp (D) nɛ John Hoeven (R).
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ Eŋgilisi.
Kewiyaɣ ɛjaɖɛ
Kewiyaɣ ɛjaɖɛ, pɩsa nɛ palɩzɩ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ lɛ pañɩkɩɣ niiye tɔmpee naatozo yɔɔ, kajalaɣ lɛ samaɣ wɛtʊ, naalɛ tɛ lɛ ɛyaa caɣyɛ nɛ nabutozo tɛ lɛ paɣtʊ lɩzɩɣ tɛ.
Ɖɩkpaɣ kʊyʊm kʊyʊm kɔyɔ kajalaɣ tɛ lɛ samaɣ wɛtʊ, kewiyaɣ ɛjaɖɛ kɛ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ tɛ wɛtʊ tɔm kɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊyʊmɖɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ taa nɛ ɖɩwɛna ɖɩ-kewiyaɣ paɣtʊ. Tɔmpiye nɖɩ paatɛma-ɖɩ katʊʊ kajalaɣ Fransɩɩ tɔmpee lɩzɩyaa tɔm kpou pɩnaɣ 1696 wɛɛ taa, nɛ pɔtɔŋ se ɛyaa nabayɛ komina kɛ wiyaʊ pɩɣa nakayɛ paɣtʊ tɛ.
Ɖɩkpaɣ samaɣ ŋga kɛ-tɛ caɣyɛ wɛtʊ taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛ wɛtʊ ndʊ samaɣ ŋga kɛwɛna nɛ ɖama, patɩŋɩɣna ɖama nɛ pawzɩɣ-wɛ yɔ. Kewiyaɣ ɛjaɖɛ pɩzɩɣ pɩwɩlɩɣ se ɛyaa nabayɛ mba panɩna ɖama se paɖʊ ɖama paɣtʊ nɛ pɩtɩŋɩɣ-tʊ yɔ. Paɣtʊ kpaɣʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa wɛna kewiyitu ndɩ ndɩ nɛ patayɩ-sɩ ɖama nɛ pɩkɛ-wɛ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ pɔcɔŋna tɩ-yɔɔ se pawazɩ paa anɩ nɛ samaɣ ŋga ka-maɣmaɣ nɛ pɩɖɛna-wɛ nɛ ɛsɩndaa.
Kewiyaɣ ɛjaɖɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ lɩna latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa status, ɖɩlɩna lakaɣ stare nɛ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ kajalaɣ se yiɣyiɣ sɩŋʊʊ, nabʊlɛ nɩɣ taa lɛ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ caɣyɛ. Tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩlɩ Erɔpʊ ajɛyɛ taa ɖooo kpaɣɖɩŋ hiu nɛ kagbanzɩ nɛ 16 nɛ 18 wɛɛ taa, ŋgʊ tɔmpiye kʊyʊnɖɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ se ɛyʊ wɛtʊ samaɣ taa. Hannah Arendt cɔlɔ lɛ ɖɩlɩna latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa mbilim status rei publicae (tɔmpiye tɔmpiye nɩɣ taa pɩkɛ pɩyʊ wɛtʊ ɛjaɖɛ taa) nɛ pɩwɩlɩ ɖɔɖɔ se pɩkɛ kewiyaɣ yaa komina wɛtʊ.
Anɩhɔ
Anɩhɔ kɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ ndʊ kɛŋna egeetiye nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Kujomuu yɔ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ nɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩwɛ teŋgu nɔɔ hɔɔlʊʊ (Région maritime) taa. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa kɛ mba payaɣ-wɛ se Kɩŋ Miina yɔ pɛwɛɛ. Anɩhɔ wɛ Togo nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛlɛ maalika kʊnɛ kɩwɛna wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tiposina Loma ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa niiniwa (50) yɔ.