cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Koloradoo
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 38 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kacalaɣ kɩyakʊ ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1876. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 5 029 196 yɔ.
Payaɣ Koloradoo ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se John Hickenlooper (D) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Cory Gardner (R) nɛ Michael Bennet (D).
Ɛvatʋ
Lʋbɩyɛ kɛ pʋyʋ siŋŋ kabɩyɛ tʋ ɛsɩndaa. Pɩɣa wɛɣna pɩnzɩ hiu nɛ lutozo lɛ pɔtɔɔzʋʋ-kɛ. Pɔtɔɔzʋʋ-kɛ nɛ kalʋ pɩnzɩ naatozo mpilim. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se kaɖɩkɩɣ, kɛlɛlɩ nɛ kakayɩ.
Hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ taa palakɩ ɛvalaa kabɩyɛ tɛtʋ taa. Lʋbɩyɛ paɣzʋʋ hodo nɛ ɖɩtɛ mazaɣ. Pʋcɔ nɛ pɔtɔɔzɩ evebu lɛ, patɩɩhayɩsɩɣ-ɩ e-evebitu taa. Alɩwaatʋ ńdʋ tɩ-taa lɛ, payaɣ-ɩ se ɛhɔzɩyɛ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ɛkpɛlɩɣ lʋɖɛ ɛ-pɩcatʋ taa nɛ pʋcɔ paatɔɔzɩ-ɩ. Sʋsaa tuu eduye se paakpaɣ haɣ sɔnɔ nɛ powona-kɛ lakʋ. Cɛja lakɩna lɩmaɣzɛ nɛ ewolo ɛna pɩɣa egbele se e-koohu talaa se palabɩ-ɩ sɔnzɩ. Egbele tizi nɛ ewolo ɛhɛdɩ e-kooyu. Nabʋyʋ taa kɔyɔ, cɛja nɛ pɩɣa egbele panɩɣna ɖama se pala pɩɣa sɔnzɩ lɛ, peyebina ɛgʋlaa tɔm. Paba kaɣna ɛhɔzɩyɛ nɖɩ kpaʋ nɛ pataa-ɩ haɣ num nɛ pɩwɩlɩ se pɔtɔɔza-ɩ.
Ɖooo lɛ, kabɩyɛ taa pɔtɔtɔɔzɩ evebu yɔ, ɛɛtɔkɩ haɣ nandʊ. Halaa ɛɛtɔkɩ ɖɔɖɔ ka-nandʋ. Pɔtɔzʋʋ ɛvalʋ lɛ, ɛcaa kalɩmaɣ nɛ ewona ɛha e-egbelenaa sɩʋ se kʋkʋ ɩkandɩyɩ ɛ-yɔɔ ɛ-lʋɖɛ tɩnɛ taa. Paatɔɔzʋʋ ɛyʋ nɛ e-neu weyi ɛ nɛ ɩ paka caa nɛ ɖoo yɔ pɩnaɣ kʋɖʋmaɣ. Sʋsɔ ɖiɣ waaɣ nɛ pʋcɔ pɔtɔɔzɩ e-neu.
Pɔtɔɔzʋʋ ɛvalʋ nɛ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ talɩ lɛ, ɛkpa hawiye. Hawiye yɔɔ peeye ɛcalɩɣ ɖɩkʋʋ haɣ nandʋ. Ɛvalʋ kpaɣ hawiye lɛ, ɛ-caa yakɩ-ɩ haɣ. E-egbele ɛpɩzɩɣ yɔ, ɛ́lɛ yakɩ-ɩ haɣ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛgʋlaa kpaɣna haɣ ŋga payakɩ evalʋ yɔ. Paacɛkɩ haɣ liu tɛɛ kɩcɛbʋ, pamɩlɩtɩɣ ko-pondone kɩmɩlɩtʋ nɛ kɔkɔɔ kasɩ. Paacaɣ se ka-calɩm ɛwɛɛkɩ pikpe tataa. Ɛgʋlaa ɖoŋuuna haɣ ŋga ka-nandʋ nɛ paɖʋ-tʋ sɔkʋʋ taa nɛ pɛcɛlɩ evalʋ.
Ɛbɛ yɔɔ pʋwɛɛ se ɛvalʋ ɛtɔɔ haɣ nandʋ?
Haɣ kɛ ɖɩɣa kpɩnɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ ɖoŋ siŋŋ yɔ. Ŋga ɖaŋɩɣna ɖɩɣa yɔɔ. Ye mbʋ ka-nandʋ yeki nɛ ɛvalʋ kpa ɖoŋ siŋŋ nɛ ɛpɩzɩ ɛkandɩyɩ ɛ-ɖɩɣa yɔɔ ɖeu. Dooo lɛ, halʋ ɛɛtɔkɩ haɣ nandʋ. Sʋsaa nabɛyɛ tɔŋ se peyeba nɛ halʋ tɔɔ haɣ nandʋ kɔyɔ, abalʋ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ ɛ-tɔm. Ɛlɛ, sɔnɔ halaa nabɛyɛ tɔkɩ haɣ nandʋ. Piya nzɩ patatɩɩtɔɔzɩda-sɩ yɔ, sɩsɩ n̄ɔtɔkɩ ɖɔɖɔ.
Akuluu Kɩpaɣlaa nɛ palɩɩ pana anɖulun̄a?
Pʋcɔ nɛ lʋbɩyɛ paɣzɩ lɛ, ɛvalaa sandɩɣ, pɔhɔzʋʋ po-tokonaa, papa ɛvalaa hulasɩ, hulasɩ nzɩ payaɣ se n̄ɔsɩ. Paɖʋ-wɛ pɔʋlaa, pataa haɣ num nɛ pɔɖɔkɩ sɛyɩŋ nɛ papaɣ nɛ pawɩlɩɣ ɖama po-toma. Ɛvalʋ taɣ haɣ num se ɛ-yɔɔ ɛwɛɛ sotu nɛ ɛ-taabalʋ ɖɔkɩɣ-ɩ lɛ putuu. Ɖooo lɛ, ɛvalʋ ɛɛtaɣ haɣ num.
Lʋɖɛ paɣzɩɣ mazaɣ nakɛyɛ nɛ ɖɩsɩɩ tɩnaa mazaɣ lɛɛka. Paa kantɔɔ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa lʋɖɛ paɣzɩɣna hawe cikpena taa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se karɩtiyewaa lʋkɩ nɛ pɛtɛ lɛ, pɛkpɛndɩ nɛ pakatɩ karɩtiyewaa lɛlaa viilajɩ taa. Viilajɩnaa awiya cɔŋnanɩ lʋɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖ-yɔɔ. Pʋbʋ wayɩ lɛ, viilajlɩ n̄alʋbɩna ɖama nɛ pɛtɛ lɛ, pɛkpɛndɩ nɛ pakatɩ ɛjaɖɛ n̄ʋʋdʋ ɛsɩndaa nɛ palʋ. Paa kantɔŋ ŋgʋ lɛ, ki-wiyaʋ cɔŋnanɩ lʋɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ n̄ʋʋdʋ ɛsɩndaa.
Ɖooo lɛ, pan̄ɩnɩɣ se patɩlɩ waɖaa nɛ you nakʋyʋ ɛlɩwa lɛ, pataa-wɛ liu. Lɛɛlɛyɔ, waɖaa mba pa-taa ɖɔɖɔ pamʋʋ sɔɔjanaa sakɩyɛ. Lʋɖɛ tɛŋ mazaɣ wiye nɛ tɛʋ feŋ kujuka lɛ, ɛvalaa tɩŋa wolo pɛsɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ n̄ʋʋdʋ ɛ́lɛ ɖɩɣa taa.
Tayɩwanɩ
Tayɩwanɩ kɛna Azii ilemiye nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɖooo lɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ kpacayaɣna-tʊ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1683 nɛ 1895 taa nɛ pʊcɔ nɛ Sapɔŋ paazɩ-ɖɩ yɔɔ cɔnaʊ.
Pɩnaɣ 2012 taa pakalɩ wayɩ nɛ wayɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 23 550 077 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yee pakalɩɣ ɛyaa km2 taa kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ 644 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa abalaa pɩzɩʊ pakpadayɩ patalɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 76 yɔ nɛ halaa ñapɩzɩʊ pɛɖɛɛ; pɩnzɩ ɛzɩ 83 yɔ. Pɩwɛɛ mbʊ lɛ, ɛyaa ɛɛlaazʊʊ kpadɩyʊʊ ɛlɛ paasɩkɩ lɔŋ, pʊtɔbʊʊ se pe-efebiɖe yaa pɛ-pɛlɛtʊ tɔɖɔɔ sakɩyɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ keteŋga kpeekpe taa ajɛya wena a-taa halaa ɛɛlʊlʊ pɩya sakɩyɛ yɔ, nɛ peeɖe lɛ halʊ ɛɛlʊlʊʊ pɩɖɛɛ pɩɣa kʊɖʊmaɣ yɔɔ.
Koronaalɩ
Patasɩ tɔm tʋnɛ tɩ-yɔɔ nesi ñɩɣʋ takayaɣ ŋga payaɣ se « Lar » yɔ ka-taa. Pama kaka pɩnaɣ 1892 taa.
Payaɣ ɛyʋ mɔɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ se koronaalɩ mɔɔyɛ. Mɔɔyɛ ńɖɩ, ɖɩwɛ ɛyʋ ñʋtaka nɛ pɩ-tɛɛ. Mɔɔyɛ ńɖɩ, ɖikota pazɩ. Payaɣ mɔɔyɛ ńɖɩ ɖɔɖɔ se kiɖe tɛ mɔɔyɛ yaa ɛsɩndaa mɔɔyɛ. Ɛyʋ ñɔsɩ wɛ wɛɖʋʋ ŋgʋ ɛyʋ ñʋʋ taa yɔ, pɩɩpɩzɩɣ pɩcɛzɩ caŋga nakɛyɛ. Ɛyʋ ñɔsɩ cɔ koronaalɩ nɛ pɩta.
Takayaɣ ŋga payaɣ se « Pommier, Athéisme » yɔ, ka-taa pâma tɔm tʋnɛ. Palɩzɩ takayaɣ kanɛ pɩnaɣ 1857 taa. Ka-taa lɛ, 1177 hayʋʋ yɔɔ pâma tɔm tʋnɛ.
Payaɣ kpabɩtʋ natʋyʋ ɖɔɖɔ se koronaalɩ kpabɩtʋ. Koronaalɩ kpabɩtʋ kpakɩna koronaalɩ mɔɔyɛ hɔɔlɩŋ naalɛ. Kpabɩtʋ koronaalɩ ɖɔɖɔ payaɣ se kiɖe tɛ kpabɩtʋ yaa ɛsɩndaa kpabɩtʋ. Kaɣɖɛ mɔɔyɛ tɛ tɛyɩɣna ñʋʋ tadaka taa mɔɔ. Kiɖe tɛ kpabɩtʋ fɛyɩ poliŋ nɛ kʋ-hɔɔlʋʋ ñʋʋ yɔɔ ñɩ̃ŋgʋ.
Apollo tamaɣ
Apollo tamaɣ kɛna tɩnzɩ taa cɔʊ tamaɣ ŋga ŋgbɛyɛ sɔsɔyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se NASA yɔ ɖɩɖʊwa yɔ. Tamaɣ ŋga palaba-kɛ pɩnzɩ 1961 nɛ 1972 sɩ-taa. Apollo tamaɣ kɛna kɔyɔɔ kɛ Etazuni mba tɩŋna nɛ petiyina kacalaɣ taa kɛ ɛyaa fenaɣ taa. Tɩnzɩ ilemiye hɛkʊkʊ taa tamaɣ kɛna, Etazuni ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se John F. Kennedy yɔ, ɛ-kadaɣ taa pɔtɔ tɩyɩnzɩ ilemiye hɛkʊtaa mɩtaɖɛ nɖɩ nɛ pɩɩkɛna agoza fenaɣ 25 pɩnaɣ 1961. Fenaɣ taa mɩtala sɩɣlɩyaa wena pɔtɔɔ yɔ ana yɔ Saturn I, Saturn IB nɛ Saturn V. Pʊtɔɔ-wɛ liidiya nɖi yɔ ɖɩkpɛnda 25 400 000 000 $.
Pa-lɩmaɣza kaakɛnaa se paɖɑɣnɩ pa-hɩɖɛ ɛtasɩ sɛʊ nɛ pɩkɩlɩ ɛzɩ Soviyetiki taa tɩyɩnzɩ taa nʊmɔ woɖu kaalabʊ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɛŋga tɛɛ you kaasa mɩŋ ajɛya naalɛ anɛ a-hɛkʊ taa yɔ. Tamaɣ sɔsɔɣa kɛlɛ se ɛyʊ ɛfɛyɩ naŋgbaŋgaɣ kɛ fenaɣ taa pʊcɔ nɛ pɩnzɩ hiu tɛ pɩ-tɛ alɩwaatʊ. Apollo tamaɣ ŋga, paatii ɛyaa naatozo mba yɔ, pat-taa naalɛ pɩza nɛ patʊlɩ hasɩ yaɖɛ fenaɣ 21 pɩnaɣ 1969. Mba lɛ: Neil Armstrong nɛ Buzz Aldrin nɛ payawaɣ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ paacɛla-wɛ yɔ                                                                       se Apollo 11. Pɛcɛla tʊma lɛɛna kɛ ɛyaa kagbaanzɩ lalaa nɛ paba kpa fenaɣ taa lɛ, pacaɣ kɩyakɩŋ ɛzɩ naatozo yɔ.
Tɩyɩŋga kɛnɛ ka-taa kpaɩu yeba nɛ pɔkɔna tataa kaaŋ ɖɔŋ ñɩŋ nɩyɛ ɛzɩ kilogɩɖamɩnaa 382 yɔ nɛ ñɩɩtʊ sakɩyɛ ndɩ ndɩ ndʊ tɩzɩnaa se palabɩna tʊma sakɩyɛ wondu yɔ. Ɖooo yɔ, Amerika mba tatɩɩkpada tɩyɩŋga nakayɩ taa pɔcɔ agoza fenaɣ 1961 lɩɣʊ. Pʊyɔɔ kɛ pɩsa nɛ papɩzɩ nɛ pala pa-tambaɣ ŋga paɖʊwa yɔ lɛ, pa-tʊma ñɩnʊʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se NASA yɔ, ɖɩɖʊ tamasɩ sakɩyɛnzɩ ɖɩkaɣ labʊ yɔ. Nɛ tamasɩ nzɩ sɩ-taa kɔyɔ: kacalaɣ lɛ, Gemini tamaɣ nɛ tamasɩ ndɩ ndɩ nzɩ sɩpɩzɩ nɛ sɩkpazɩ pa-hɩɖɛ nɛ ɛsɔ yɔ. Kacalaɣ tamaɣ kanɛ, ka-tʊmɩyɛ kɛlɛ se kɩɖʊ lɔŋ nɛ lɛɣtʊ ndɩndɩ ndɩu papɩzɩ nɛ powoki mɩtala taa yem nɛ patakɩ-yɛ camɩyɛ yɔ.
Piyele tamasɩ lɛɛsɩ lɛ, patalʊ ilemiye yaa mɩtaɖɛ taa lɛ, polu camɩyɛ peeɖe tɛtʊ tɛlɛnzɩ nɛ patakɩ nɛ pana ɛzɩma peeɖe wɛɛ yɔ. Nièye kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ eekonu ñanaɣ. Pʊyɔɔ kɛ Amerika mba nɛ Rusii mba nɩna ɖama nɛ polu tɩyɩnzɩ pɔɔyɩŋ taa lɔɔɖɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ payaa-ɖɩ se Saturn V. Ɖɩ-yʊŋ taa wɛ tɔɔnɩnaa ɛzɩ 3 000 yɔ. Tamaɣ kanɛ kakpaɣ liidiya ɛzɩ Etazuni tɛ tɔɔlaaɖinaa miliyaɖinaa 153 yɔ nɛ ɖɩpɔza ɛyaa ɛzɩ 400 000 yɔ.
Kalɩsɩyɔm
Kalɩsɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 20 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Ca. Ɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm kagbanzɩ tʊ weyi ɛkɩlɩ tɔyʊ tɛtʊ pɔɔɖɛ taa (ɛcɛza 3%) nɛ ɛcaɣ kɩjɛyɩɣ piŋ tomnaɣ taa fezuu labʊ taa. Ɛsɩɣna mɔɔ paɣlaka, kelaa nɛ yambɔyɩŋ. Kalɩsɩyɔm sɩɣna piŋ ɖɔɖɔ kpɩna fezuu labʊ taa.
Room ɛyaa kaatɛma labʊ akalʊʊ kpaɣɖʊ kajalaɣ paɣzɩtʊ alɩwaatʊ taa, ɛlɛ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1808 papɩza patɩlɩ pʊtʊ weyi paya-ɩ se kalɩsɩyɔm. Panɩwaɣ se Jöns Jacob Berzelius nɛ Magnus Martin Pontin kaatɛma situu kalɩsɩyɔm nɛ akalʊʊ pɩtɩŋna nazɩyʊ yɛkɛlɩnayʊ yɔɔ kɛ mɛrɩkɩrɩ taa, Humphry Davy pɩzɩɣ ɛlɩzɩ ñɩɣlɩm mbʊ pɩfɛyɩ keeke.
Papɩzɩɣ pala kalɩsɩyɔm pɩtɩŋna kalɩsɩyɔm tɛ fʊlʊyɔrɩ nazɩyʊ yɛkɛlɩnayʊ yɔɔ, ɛlɛ kɛlɛʊ lɛ papasɩɣ akalʊʊ kpɛɖɛ tɛɛ (CaO) pɩlɩna alɩmɩnɩyɔm mʊlʊm yɔɔ. Ɛmʊ miŋ nzʊlɩmɩyɛ caʊʊ kɩsɛmɩŋ kpaɣ, pasɩ-ɩ helim taa yem ɛlakɩ nɛʊʊ nakʊyʊ nɛ kɩkandʊʊ yaa kɩlʊʊkɩna kalɩkɔdaɣ. Ɛkɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛsɩɣna nɛ palɩzɩɣ tɛtɛɛ ñɩm lɛɛbʊ ɛzɩ uranɩyɔm, zirɩkɔnɩyɔm nɛ tɔrɩyɔm.
Kalɩsɩyɔm kɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-tɔm wɛ kɩjɛyɩɣ piŋ kɛ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ taa. Ɛwɛ sakɩyɛ mɔɔ taa, peeɖe mbilim kɛ ɛkɩlɩ ɖɔʊ. Ɛnʊ lakɩna nɛ apaɣlʊʊ camɩyɛ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ kelaa nɛ ɛkandɩɣ pa-alaafɩya yɔɔ. Kalɩsɩyɔm lakɩ tʊmɩyɛ piŋ calɩm kiɣ nɔmɔʊ taa, calɩm huu nɔmɔʊ taa nɛ holaa kpaʊ yaa holaa tʊma ndɩ ndɩ labʊ taa, tʊma ana a-taa kɔyɔ hɔyɛ. Ɛlakɩ tʊmɩyɛ pɩfɛyɩ ciɣduu ɛyʊ tomnaɣ hɔɔlɩŋ sakɩyɛ taa.
Jerusalem Maacɔ waa kobiɖe ŋgbɛyɛ
Yerusalɛm tɛ maacɔ waa koobiɖe ŋgbɛyɛ
Yerusalɛm tɛ maacɔ waa koobiɖe ŋgbɛyɛ kɛna katolika krɩstu mba cejewiye ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ. Fada ɛzɩ payaʋ size cɔjɔ Pierre-Marie Delfieux lɩzɩna maacɔ waa ŋgbɛyɛ ɖɩnɛ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1975 taa. Maacɔ waa panɛ, pewezuu caɣʋ wɛ hɔɔlʋʋ pilim.
Pɛwɛ pe-ɖeke pe-ɖeke tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ sɔsɔtʋ taa. Nɛ atɩma kɛnawɛ tʋmɩyɛ kajalaa nɖɛ nɖɩ pakpaɣ pa-tɩ pilim nɛ pɛcɛlɛ yɔ. Koobiɖe ŋgbɛyɛ ɖɩnɛ, ɖɩ-tɩna mʋʋ samtʋ hɩɖɛ ɛsɔ tɔm hɔɔlʋ taa kɩyakʋ hiŋ naadozo nɛ kʋɖʋmʋ ( 31) wiye kɛ agoza fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1996.
Krɩstʋ kɩlaʋ layʋ sɔsɔ toko kɩsɛɛmʋtʋ Lustiger weyi ɛkɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa cɔcɔ sɔsɔyɔ, ɛɛhana wɛɛ samtʋ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ. Ɛzɩ kɩpaɣlʋ yɔ, maacɔ waa panɛ pewezuu caɣʋ wɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛ-tɩyɛ. Pɛwezuu caɣʋ wɛ mɛvɛyɩ pɩyʋ waa tɩyɛ.
Leleŋ nɛ wɛ siŋŋ kɛ pɛ-hɛkʋ taa nɛ ɖama. Pɔcɔʋ ɛzɩ kɩpaɣlʋ tɔm susiyaa lalaa yɔ nɛ posusuu Ɛsɔ tɔm kɩpandʋ paa le. Ɛlɛ yee ɖɩcɔna camɩyɛ sɔnɔ tɛ alɩwaatʋ taa kɔyɔ, ɖɩnaɣ size koobiɖe ŋgbɛyɛ maacɔ waa panɛ pakpa pa-taa cɔjɔnaa sakɩyɛ, ɛzɩpayaɣʋ size fadanaayɔɖɩ-taa.
Ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaa pɛdʊʊ
Ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaa siziŋ nɩɣʊ alɩwaatʊ yaa ɛyaa kɩkpɛɛda pɛdʊʊ, Pɩɩkɛ yomaa kpaɣʊ alɩwaatʊ nɛ pɛ-tɛ tadɩyɛ labʊ wɛɛ taa. Ɛyaa mba paakɛ ma-ñʊʊ sɩba waa nɛ patalɩ miiliyɔɔ naa kpaɖaŋ kpaɖaŋ kɛ hɔɔlɩŋ weyi ɛ-taa pagbaɣʊ-wɛ yɔ. Hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnʊ yɔ Afrika nɛ Wisɩ Ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ajɛyɛ nɛ Afrika nɛ Hɛkʊ taa ajɛyɛ nɛ Afrika nɛ Hadɛ yɔɔ taa ajɛyɛ. Pɩ-tɛ laɣsɩ nzɩ sɩkpaba kpaɖɩŋ sakɩyɛ sakɩyɛ ajɛyɛ anaa a-taa. Mañʊʊ sɩba waa mba paakɛ ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaa. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ ɛyaa kʊlʊmaa lɩmazɩyɛ pʊtɔbʊʊ ɛyaa pɛnɛ patɩna tomiye ndɩ. Ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaa taawɛna ɖoŋ se palʊlɩ nɛ puhuu ɖɔɖɔ ɖenɖe pakpa-wɛ yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pa-maɣmaɣ pa-ɖɩcaɣyɛ taa yaa ɖenɖe powokina- wɛ yɔ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɩɩwɛ posa piŋ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ lɛɛɖɛ nɛ lɛɛɖɛ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa. Ɖɩcɔna nɛ ɖɩnaɣ kɔyɔ tadɩyɛ ndɩ ɖɩɩkɛ kɩlɛzʊʊ tɔm pɛdɩyaa nɛ yaɖaa pɛ-hɛkʊ taa. Politiki nʊŋ tɩnaa mba paatɩna tɔm ndʊ paawɛna kɛzɛwa pɩtɩfɛyɩ pʊ-hɔlʊʊ taa.
Pɩwɛ se ɖɩɖʊ tʊkaɣ nakɛyɛ ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaa tadɩyɛ labʊ nɛ yomaa kpaʊ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa. Yom lɛ, ɛkɛ ɛyʊ weyi pɩtahayɩ waɖɛ se ɛla ɛ-sɔlɩm yɔɔ tʊma yaa ɛ-tɩyɔɔ lɩmaɣza yɔɔ. Ŋgʊ ɖɩcɔna nɛ ɖɩnaɣ kɔyɔ ɛyʊ kɩkpɛdʊʊ pɛdʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ kɛ yomtʊ laɣsɩ ɛlɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɛkɛ mbʊ na. Yomaa kpaʊ kaawɛ ɛlɛ pɛdʊʊ taawɛ Etaazuuni nɛ Hadɛ yɔɔ ajɛyɛ taa kpaɣɖʊ 19 alɩwaatʊ taa. Pɛdʊʊ mbʊ ɖɩnaɣ se pɩɩwɛ tɔm nabutozo taa. Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ pɛdɩyɛ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa pɛdɩyɛ nɛ Afrika yɔɔ kiŋ. Kajalɣ canaʊ tɔm kɛdɩyaa kaalɛ yɔɔdʊʊ slave trade (ɖɩtɔbʊʊ se yomaa pɛdʊʊ) ɛlɛ tɔmpiye ndɩ ñɩnɩyaa sakɩyɛ tamʊ-ɖɩ nɛ petisi. Serge Daget cɔlɔ lɛ, mañʊsɩba waa mba paatɛma kɛʊ yomaa ŋgʊ keeke taa lɛ ɛyaa pataa lʊlɩ-wɛ mbʊ tɔbʊʊ se paawɛ pa-tɩyɔɔ pa-ñɩma cɔlɔ. Hɛkʊ nɛ Hɛkʊ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, yomaa hɔɔlʊʊ sakɩyɛ nakʊyʊ tɛza pɛ-tɛ kpɛɛɛ kilimuu Erɔpʊ nɛ haɖɛ yɔɔ kiŋ ɛlɛ sakɩyɛ taa lɛ, malɩŋ Ɛsɔ tɩnaa cɔŋgaɣna pɔ-yɔɔ. Iberiki ɛwadɩyɛ yɔɔ kiŋ lɛ, pɩ-nɛ Al-Andalus pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ kpaɣɖʊ 15 alɩwaatʊ, Sisili pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ kpaɣɖʊ 11 alɩwaatʊ, Balɩkan kpaɣna 14 hɛkʊ alɩwaatʊ pɩkpɛdɩna Otomanɩ waa. Ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaa pɛdɩyɛ kaawɛ Erɔpʊ nɛ haɖɛ yɔɔ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ Ɛsɩpañɔlɩ mba alɩwaatʊ wayɩ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Sisili yɔɔ kiŋ nɛ Aragon kewɩɩsɩ taa ajɛyɛ taa.
Sigmund Freud
Sigmund Freud (Caama yɔɔdɩtʊ taa pɩlʊʊ se ziːkmʊnt ˈfʁɔʏt, anasaayɩ ñɩŋʊ taa lɛ fʁøːd] yaa [fʁœjd), palʊla-ɩ Sigismund Schlomo Freud cejewiye taa agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 6 pɩnaɣ 1856 Freiberg (Otirisi ɛjaɖɛ taa) nɔɔnɔɔ tɛ Cɛkɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɛsɩ salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 23 pɩnaɣ 1939 Londre tɛtʊ taa, ɛɛkɛ hola maɣzɩm tʊmɩyɛ tʊ Otirisi ɛjaɖɖe taa, ɛnʊ tɩna maɣzɩm ta wiluu tʊmɩyɛ kiɖe.
Ɛɛkɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ Vienne tɛtʊ taa mbʊ lɛ, Freud nɛ ɛyaa sɔsa sakɩyɛ pakatɩ ɖama se pɛkpɛlɛkɩ nɛ maɣzɩm taa wiluu tʊmɩyɛ ɖɛɛna ɛsɩnda, kɛlɛ ɛnʊ kɛna nɔmɔŋ kpeekpe wɩlɩyʊ. Ɛgbaɣtɩyɛ nɛ Wilhelm Fliess, ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ labʊ nɛ Josef Breuer, Jean-Martin Charcot tʊmɩyɛ nɛ ɛ-laɣsɩ pɩlɩna ɛyʊ ɖom lubitu yɔɔ kɛ Salpêtre sukuli taa yɔ sɩna-ɩ sakɩyɛ taa se ɛkpaɣ lɩmaɣza piŋ ɛyʊ maɣzɩm tɔm yɔɔ.
Freud kpeɣli ɛ-cɔlɔ kpɛyɛ ɛyaa mba palakɩ maɣzɩm taa kʊdɔmɩŋ kɔɔ yɔ, ɛ nɛ-wɛ pazɩ pazɩ lɛpalakɩ maɣzɩm taa wiluu tʊmɩyɛ, papazɩna Otirisi, pɛɖɛɛ Suwisi, ŋtalɩ Berlin, pʊwayi Fransɩɩ, Londre nɛ Etaazuunii. Pʊwayi pa-taa peɖeke yotu nɛ ɖdama kɩɩnɩnaʊ sʊʊ pɛ-hɛkɩŋ taa kɛlɛ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩpaɣlɩ piŋ kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1920 paɣzɩtʊ alɩwaatʊ. Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1938 lɛ, Caama politiki laɣsɩ tɔm ñɩŋɩɣna Freud kɛlɛ ese Vienne nɛ ɛkɔɔ ɛcaɣ Londre, peeɖe ɛsɩba nɛ tamaɣ pɩjɛɖɛ kʊdɔŋ pɩnaɣ 1939.
Palʊla Freud agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 6 pɩnaɣ 1856. E-liɖe kɛtɩtʊ tɔm kɔyɔ se pɛ-tɛ nɛ Galicie, nɛ paasɩŋ pɔ-yɔɔ tɔm sakɩyɛ. Freud kɛ pɩɣa naadozo ŋga Jacob Freud cɔlɔ, ɛlɛ ñaakɛ tɔnaa pɛdɩyʊ, e-ɖoo kɔyɔ Amalia Nathanson (1836 ŋtalɩ 1931), pa-kajaalaɣ pɩɣa kɛlɛ ɛzɩ pacaɣʊʊ ɖama cɔlɔ yɔ yaa pɔɖɔkʊʊ nesi yɔ. Ɛwɛɛna kɔɔnaa kagbanzɩ (Anna, Rosa, Mitzi, Dolfi et Paula) nɛ ɖalaa naalɛ Julius ɛlɛ sɩ ɛɛwɛna pɩnaɣ kʊyʊmaɣ, nɛ Alexander.
2010
Pɩnaɣ 2010 kɛ pɩnaɣ 2010 ñɩŋga kɛ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ yɔ. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kʋɖʋm taa lɛ, pɩnaɣ 2010 kɛŋna hiu ñɩŋga. Kɛwɛ pɩnzɩ 2000 nɛ 2011 hɛkʋ taa. =2010 taa lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ = Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ sɩnɛ yɔ sɩlaba :
Sʊtʊ sɛmɩŋ
Sʊtʊ sɛmɩŋ kɛna tɔmnaɣ ŋga kɛwɛ ɛzɩ leemuu lɩm yaa tɩŋ hɛtʋ natʋyʋ yɔ. Payaʋ se sʊtʊ sɛmɩŋ yɔ pakɛdɩna sʋnɖʋlɩm wɛtʋ nɛ payaa tomnasɩ nzɩ sɩwɛ pɛtɛ wɛtʋ yɔ. Sʊtʊ sɛmɩŋ kɛna tɔmnaɣ ŋga kɛwɛ kaɖɛ se papɩzɩ kɛkɛdɩ camɩyɛ yɔ mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ pabaɣ sɛmɩŋ nɛ leemuu lɩm nɛ pesidi kɔyɔ pɩɩlɩɣ sʊtʊ sɛmɩŋ camɩyɛ. Ɛyaa nabɛyɛ wɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ sʊtʊ sɛmɩŋ yɔ.
Tɔnʋʋ taa alaafɩya tɔm taa lɛ, pombo maɖaa nabɛyɛ sʋʋ tokonaa nɛ cokodonaa mbʋ pɛwɛ ɛzɩ sʊtʊ sɛmɩŋ yɔ. Pɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ Togo taa pombo maɖaa wondu ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. Paamakɩ pombo ɖɔdɔ lɛ, yee pombo maɖʋ nɔɔyʋ ɛlaba mbʋ pɩfɛyɩ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ, pawɩlɩ-ɩ takayaɣ ŋga kɛwɛ ɛzɩ sʊtʊ sɛmɩŋ yɔ nɛ pʋtɔbʋ kɛlɛ se ɛtaatasɩ mbʋ labʋ. Yee pɩkɛ mbʋ payaɣ se siidoo karatee ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, sʊtʊ sɛmɩŋ tambaɖɛ kɛna nimiye nɖɩ pahaɣ-ɖɩ nabutozo ɖeɖe yɔ. Fransɩɩ ɛjadɛ taa lɛ peseɣ kolokaɣ lɛ, weyi ɛkɛ kacalaɣ-tʋ yɔ, ɛnʋ pɛcɛlɩɣ toko ŋgʋ kɩwɛ ɛzɩ sʊtʊ sɛmɩŋ yɔ nɛ pɩkɛna samtʋ nimiye naɖɩyɛ kɛ pozu-i mbʋ yɔ.
Lawrɛnsɩyɔm
Laʊrɛnsɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 103 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Lr (wɛɛ kɩbɩnaa taa pɩɩkɛ Lw pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩna pɩnaɣ 1963). Albert Ghiorso lubina-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1961, ɛ nɛ Torbjørn Sikkeland, Almon E. Larsh et Robert M. Latimer (Etaazuunii), kɛlɛ pɛcɛlɛ-ɩ Ernest Orlando Lawrence hɩɖɛ, ɛnʊ weyi ɛtɩlɩ siklotron waa wɛtʊ pɩnaɣ 1929.
Pɩkɛ pʊtʊ weyi palaba-ɩ kɩlabʊ yɔ, pana-ɩ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 14 pɩnaɣ 1961 Heavy Ion Linear Accelerator (HILAC) kɛ Lawrence Radiation Laboratory Berkeley sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa ɛlɛ pɔyɔkaɣ kalɩfɔrnɩyɔm hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊ pɩtɩŋna bɔrɩ nazɩyʊ sɩɣlɩyaa bɔrɩ 10 nɛ bɔrɩ 11.
Pɩtɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ pʊkɔna ntɔjɔɔlɩyɛ ɖɩ-yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1967 pɩlɩna JINR ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ yɔɔ Dubna, Mɔsɩkʋʋ tɛtʊ taa, mba wɩlɩna se agbele 257Lr pɩtɛkɛ ŋgʊ yɔkʊʊna alɩfa 8,6 MeV nɛ cɛnzɩ tɔʊ caɣyɛ ɛzɩ 8s, ŋgʊ tɩfɛyɩ kɩmaŋ nɛ ndʊ paana Berkeley yɔ, kɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ agbele 258Lr ñɩnʊ, ɛlɛ lɩzaɣ 256Lr waa yee pɔyɔka amɛrɩsɩyɔm 243 hɔɔlʊʊ kɔyɔ.
Virgile
Virgile kɛ paɖaɣna yaʋ nɛ Latɛŋ kʋnʋŋ taa taa size "Publius Vergilius Maro". Abalʊ ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Latɛŋ ɛjaɖɛ yɔ, ɖɩ-tɛtʋ taa pɩɣa yaa ɖɩ-tɛtʋ taa ɛyʋ. Abalʊ sɔsɔ Virgile ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ abalʋ lɔŋ tʋ yaa lɛɣtʊ siŋŋ tʊ nɔɔyʊ kɛ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʊ taa peeɖe.
Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Virgile ɛnʋ, ɛsɩba salaŋ fenaɣ taa kɛ evemiye yaa kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kʋɖʋmʋ yaa hiŋ naalɛ nɛ kʋɖʋmʋ (21) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye nɛ pɩcɔ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ kɛ pɩnaɣ 19 n̄ɩŋga taa. Egeetiye yaa kooka ŋga ka-taa ɖajaa ɛnʋ ɛsɩba yɔ payaɣ size Brindes.
Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Virgile kɛ koowa maɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ kɛ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ Latɛŋ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa yɔ. Sɔnzɩ tɔm yɔdʋʋ hɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, pɩwɛ size ɖɩɖɔkɩ size, palʋla ɖajaa ɛnɛ kɛ egeetiye nɖɩ payaɣ size Andes yɔ ɖɩ-taa. Ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ kɩbanɖɛ nɛ ɖeu tʋmɩyɛ yɔɔ yɔɔ kɛ paya egeetiye tɛtʋ ndʋ ɛ-hɩɖɛ. Paya tʋ size Virgilio size paɖʋna-ɩ hɩɖɛ nɛ pɩsaɣ nɛ pasam nɛyɩ.
Ɖenɖe palʋla ɖajaa ɛnɛ yɔ, pɩn̄ɔtɩna Mantoue tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩwɛ Gaule cisalpine yɔ. Ɖeɖe tɔm mayaa yaa caanaʋ taa tɔm mayaa sakɩyɛ nabɛyɛ tɔŋ size, ɖajaa ɛnɛ ɛ-hɔʋ yaa yee liɖe nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛlɩnaa yɔ ɖɩwɛ n̄ɩm kamaɣ fɛyɩ. Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Latɛŋ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa koowa maɖʋ Virgile ɖoo kʋlʋlʋ payaɣ size Polla Magio, e-ɖoo ɛnʋ ɛ-walʋ lɛ Vergilius Maro, pʋtɔbʋʋ size ɛ-caa.
Ñazɩyʊ sɔsɔ Rafayeli
Ñazɩʊ sɔsɔ Rafayeli kɛŋna ɛsɔtaa ñazɩyaa naatoozo-tʊ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛna Mikayɛlɩ nɛ Gabrɛlɩ pasɩŋgʊna Ɛsɔ ɛsɩndaa kaɣlaa nɛ pɔyɔɔdɩɣna-ɩ. Rafaeli tɔbʊʊ kɛlɛ se Ɛsɔ waɩɣ yaa Ɛsɔ waɣ kʊtɔmɩŋ. Takayaɣ kiɖeɖeɣa taa kipaɣlʊ Ɛsɔ tii Ñazɩyʊ sɔsɔ Rafaeli kɛ Tobiyasi pɩyalo Tobie cɔlɔ se ɛtɛŋna ɛ-yɔɔ nɛ ɛwaa Tobiasi yʊlʊnzɩ nɛ ɛha-ɩ Sara nɛ ɛkpaɣ-ɩ halʊ.
Ɛzɩ Mikaelɩ nɛ Gabrɩɛlɩ yɔ, pɔtɔkɩ ɛ-kasandʊ kɛ salaŋ fenaɣ 29 wiye. Pasɩmna Ñazɩyʊ sɔsɔ Rafayeli se ɛnʊ kɛŋna ɖɔɖɔ kɛ nʊmɔwoɖaa yɔɔ kandɩyʊ: paa lɩm taa, paa tataa yaa paa ɛsɔtaa. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɛnʊ kɛŋna tiiyu weyi ɛ-yɔɔ Ɛsɔ tɩŋʊna nɛ ɛhaɣ e-fezu kiɖeɖeu kɛ ɛyaa yɔ.
Takayaɣ Kiɖeɖea taa lɛ, Ñazyɩʊ sɔsɔ Rafaeli yabɩna Tobiyasi nɛ Sara pa-ñʊŋ. Tobi takayaɣ taa, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Tobiyasi tiyaɣ ɛ-pɩyalʊ Tobi kɛ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ taa nɛ ɛ-pɩyalʊ ɛɛsɩŋ lɛ, Rafayeli tibina nɛ ɛsɔtaa nɛ ɛpɩsɩ ɛyʊ nɛ ɛkpaɣ hɩɖɛ se Azariyasi, Ananiya sɔsɔ piyalʊ. Ɛsɩ-ɩ nɛ pɛɖɛʊ taa lɛ Tobi tiba pɔɔ nakayɩ taa se ɛñɔʊ lɩm nɛ ɛna kpakpayaɣ lɛ, Rafayeli heyi-i se ɛkpa-kɛ nɛ ɛlɩzɩ ka-taa hosaɣ, hɔyɛ nɛ hʊzʊŋ nɛ pɔɖɔkɩ. Patalaa nɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ paha Tobi kɛ Sara nɛ pasʊ se pahɩnɩʊ lɛ, Tobi kpaɣ hɔyɛ nɛ hʊzʊŋ nɛ ɛɖʊ ɛsɩɩ sɔzʊŋ pɛɛ tɔlɔma yɔɔ. Nɛ kpakpayaɣ sɔŋ ɖɔɔnɩ elewu nɛ ese ɛmɛlɩ Egipti hayu kiŋ. Nɛ Rafayeli ɖɛɛ nɛ ewoloɛhɔkɩ-ɩ peeɖe. Piyele hosaɣ taa lɩm kɛ eheyi Tobi nɛ ɛtaa ɛ-caa Tobiyasi ɛsɛ nɛ akuli.
Malɩŋ cɔlɔ lɛ, payaɣ-ɩ se Israfil nɛ ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ wɛna ndɩ nɛ ɛzɩ Krɩstʊ mba cɔlɔ yɔ. Peeɖe lɛ, ɛnʊ kaɣna ŋgandɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ kɛ yaʊ tɔm napʊtozo nɛ pɩwɩlɩ se ɛjaɖɛ tɛma nɛ pɩtala se pahʊʊna tɔm paa anɩ. Kacalaɣ taa lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ tɛŋ, nabʊlɛ taa lɛ, pɩfezɩɣ sɩɖaa kɛ po-ɖɔmtʊ tɛ lidau yɔɔ nɛ kpaagbaa ñɩmbʊ lɛ, pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalaa se pahʊʊ tɔm nɛ ɛsɩndɩnaa nɛ sɩɖaa kɛ tɔm.
Wally Badarou
Wally Badarou kɛna Peenɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyʊ ɛlɛ ɛlaba takayaɣ nɛ ɛpɩsɩ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ-tʊ. Palʊla-ɩ Parii tɛtʊ taa kɛ lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 22 wiye pɩnaɣ 1955. Ɛnɛ hendu teya mba palaba tʊma yɔ pɔɖɔɔ kamaɣ fɛyɩ nɛ pa-taa kɔyɔ: Chris Blackwell, Sly and Robbie, Joe Cocker, Mick Jagger, Grace Jones, Black Uhuru, Gwen Guthrie, Jimmy Cliff, Gregory Isaacs, Robert Palmer, Marianne Faithfull, Herbie Hancock, Talking Heads, Foreigner, Melissa Etheridge, Manu Dibango, Miriam Makeba, Fela Kuti, Salif Keita, Wasis Diop, Trilok Gurtu, Carlinhos Brown, Dickie Jobson, d'Hector Babenco. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɛnɛ hendu teyaa aŋgba wena palaba tʊma yɔ ɛlɛ ɖɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ: de Island Records, Power Station, Level 42.
Naalɩm mayaɣ
Mbʋ payaɣ se ɖɩɖɔmɩyɛ nʋmɔʋ, naalɩm mayaɣ ŋ́ga ka-taa wɩsɩ wɛtʋ wɛɛ. Tɩnzɩ miiliyaarɩ waa mɩnɩŋ mɩnɩŋ wɛ ɖɩɖɔnɛ nʋmɔʋ taa. Naalɩm mayaɣ nʋmɔʋ walanzɩ talɩ 80 000 mʋntʋsʋʋ-pɩnaɣ. Ɛsɔdaa pʋdʋnaa tɩlɩyaa ŋgbɛyɛ payaɣ se ‘Gaia’. Anasaayɩnaa ajɛya taa ŋgbɛyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩñɔɔ. ‘Gaia’ ŋgbɛyɛ ñɩnaa nɛ ɖɩna takayaɣ nakɛyɛ nɛ kosusi ka-taa tɔm agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kagbaanzɩ (25) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2018 taa. Pama pa-takayaɣ ŋ́ga ka-taa se tɩnzɩ 1 692 919 135 wɛnɩ ɖɛ-tɛ naalɩm mayaɣ taa.
Ɛsɔdaa pʋdʋnaa ndɩ ndɩ tɩlɩyaa ñɩnɩ tɛtʋ putuuɖe kpeekpe yɔɔ nɛ pala akɔnta nɛ patɩ tɩnzɩ kpeekpe ñʋʋ. Pakaɖaa se, tɩnzɩ mɩnʋʋ yɔɔ lɛ, tɩŋa kʋɖʋmaɣ kɛ ɖɛ-tɛ naalɩm mayaɣ tɩŋa.
Samaɣ ndɩ ndɩ ŋga kɛwɛ naalɩm masɩ cikpesi taa yɔ, pɩwɛ kaɖɛ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ se patɩlɩ ka-ñʋʋ. Pɩwɛ kaɖɛ, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, wɩsɩ tatɩɩfɛyɩ ɖoŋ naalɩm masɩ nzɩ sɩ-taa. Pɩwɛ kaɖɛ se patɩlɩ samaɣ ŋ́ga ka-ñʋʋ pɩlɩɩnɩ sɩ-hɩlɩmɩyɛ cɔlɔ.
Radɔŋ
Radɔŋ kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 86 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Rn. Pɩnaɣ 1908 William Ramsay nɛ Robert Whytlaw-Gray lɩzɩɣ mbʊ payaɣ se niton (nitens latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa palɩzɩ tɔbʊʊ se kɩñɩɣlɩsɩɣ, nɛ ɛ-yʊsaɣ mayaɣ Nt). Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1923 paya-ɩ hɩɖɛ Radɔŋ. Pɩnaɣ 1899 paɣzɩtʊ taa Pierre nɛ Marie Curie naa se radɩyɔm lɩzɩɣ miŋ wɛ cɛnzɩ tɔʊʊ ɖoŋ pileɖiɣ pɩtalɩ fenasi naalɛ.
Palɩ raɖɔŋ yɔɔ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1900 pɩtɩŋna Friedrrich Ernst Dorn, ɛnʊ yana-ɩ se radɩyɔm lɛzʊʊ. Ɛkɛ cɛnzɩ tɔʊʊ pʊtʊ naatozo tʊ weyi pana-ɩ radɩyɔm nɛ pɔlɔnɩyɔm wayi yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1901 lɛ Rutherfort wɩlɩ se tɔrɩyɔm lɛzɩŋ tɔʊʊ cɛnzɩ, kɛlɛ Curie waa hɛyɩ kɩmɩyɛ pɩlɩna pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-tɛ natʊ yɔɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1903 lɛ André-Louis Debierne na lɛzɩŋ nɩɩyɛ kɛɛkɛɛ ɛlɩna akɩtɩyɔm cɔlɔ nɛ ɛya-ɩ se akɩtɩyɔm lɛzɩŋ. Palɩzɩ hɩla ndɩ ndɩ nɛ payana fefekiŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-niitozo pɩnaɣ 1904, exradio, exthorio, nɛ exactinio pʊwayɩ kɔyɔ radon, thoron, nɛ akton pɩnaɣ 1918, pʊwayi ɖɔɖɔ kɔyɔ radeon, thoreon, nɛ actineon pɩnaɣ 1919, nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩtɛmna radon, thoron, nɛ actinon pɩnaɣ 1920.
Panaɣ se fefekiŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-naadozo ɛ-tɛ mʊntʊsʊʊ weluu lɩ arɩgɔŋ, krɩpɩtɔŋ nɛ sɛnɔŋ, nɛ ɖɔɖɔ pɛ-tɛ ɖoŋ kɩɩwɛʊ lɛ, kɩpaɣlʊ William Ramsay kpekiɣ se kɩlɩlɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛmʊna pʊtʊ kɩfalʊ nɔyɔ ɛ-tɛ nɛ kɛtɛɖaɣ fefekiŋ tɛ. Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1910 ɖa-caanaa William Ramsay nɛ Robert Whytlaw-Gray pɩzɩ palɩzɩ radɔŋ kiyeke. Pɔtɔŋ radɩyɔm kɩlʊʊ tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩtamʊna kɛlɛ palɩzɩ hɩla anɛyɔ niton (pɩlɩna latɛŋ taa se nitens, entis kɩñɩlɩsɩɣ.
Feeniizi
Feeniizi kɛna Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ nɛ tɩwɛ kidiililn nakʊyʊ cɔlɔ kpam. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa nɛ tɛtʊ cikpetʊ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ nɛ pɩta yɔ sakɩyɛ. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩtala ɛzɩ 118 yɔ.
Kpaɣna pɩnaɣ 2015 taa weyi ɛkɛ Feeniizi maalika ñʊʊtʊ yɔ, ɛnʊʊ lɛ Luigi Brugnaro.
Pɩnaɣ 2012 taa paakala kɩgalʊ lɛ, ɛyaa mba panaa yɔ patalɩʊ ɛyaa ɛzɩ 269 810 yɔ nɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩèwalanzɩ taa maɣna ɛzɩ ɛkɩtaarɩnaa 41 594 yaa kilomɛtanaa 415,94 km2. Ɛyaa panɛ pa-taa lɛ, 176 000 wɛ kitiiliŋ cɔlɔ nɛ 31 000 lɛɛba lɛ pɛwɛ tɛtʊ hʊ taa. Tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ, yee pɛkpɛnda-tʊ nɛ ndʊ payaɣ se Paadʊ yɔ kɔyɔ, ɛyaa talɩʊ ɛzɩ 1 600 000 yɔ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-yɔɔ kandɩyʊ yaa tɩ-tɛ ɛyʊ kiɖeɖeu payaɣ se Makusi kiɖeɖeu nɛ paa ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kagbaanzɩ lɛ, pɔtɔkɩ ɛ-kasandʊ.
Mʊɖɛ lɩm
Pɔcɔna ñɩnʊ ŋgʊ kɩnaɣ kʊlʊdasɩ ñɩɩɩ ñɩɩɩ wa yɔ kɩ-taa kɔyɔ, panaɣ se mʊya taa tomnasi sakɩyɛ. Kʊlʊdasɩ nzɩ sɩwɛ mʊya lɩm taa yɔ, awɛ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna mʊya ana aɖɩlɩyɛ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩlɩɣna kʊdɔmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ sonzo wena ahaɣ mʊya ana yɔ. Pɛkɛdʊ mʊya nɛ ɖama kɔyɔ, awɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Mʊya taa kʊlʊtasɩ nasɩyɛ taa nɛ kɩnamɩyɛ ɖalaa, calɩm hokasi kʊhʊlʊmasɩ yaa tomnaɣ taa ajɔɔla ndɩ ndɩ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɖenɖe lɩm caɣ mbʊ yɔ, peeɖe ɖazʊ nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩtɩŋga kɩzɔɔtʊʊ.
Pɩwɛɛ se mʊɖɛ ɛkpa nɔɔyʊ lɛ, eyele pañazɩ-ɩ ɖɩ yaa patʊlɩ-ɩ ɖɩ nɛ palɩzɩ lɩm mbʊ pɩtɩŋga. Pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ yɔ, lɩm mbʊ pɩpɩzʊ pɩwɛɛ ɖazʊ yɔɔ nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩtɩŋga kɩɖazɩ yaa piyele pɩpɩsɩ eyʊ taa nɛ pɩcaɣ ɖol i nɛ pɩkɔna-ɩ kaɖɛ sɔsɔyɛ.
2011
Pɩnaɣ 2011 kɛ pɩnaɣ 2011 ñɩŋga kɛ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ yɔ. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kʋɖʋm taa lɛ, pɩnaɣ 2011 kɛŋna hiu nɛ kʋɖʋm ñɩŋga. Kɛwɛ pɩnzɩ 2010 nɛ 2012 hɛkʋ taa. =2011 taa lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ = Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ sɩnɛ yɔ sɩlaba :
Ɛyʊ waɖɛ
Ɛyʊ waɖɛ kɛ ɛyʊ yɔɔ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɛ tɔm yaa tɔm hʊʊ tɛ ɖoŋ yaa politiki tɛ tɔm pɩlɩna ɛyʊ weyi ɛwɛna kedeŋna taa waɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩfɛyɩ se pokuudi-ɖɩ yɔ, paa pɩkɛ waɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩwɛ ɖeʊ paɣtʊ taa yaa wɛtʊ naa ndɩ ndɩ ɛzɩ kʊnʊmɩŋ yaa ɛjaɖɛ tʊ tɛ tɔm yaa Ɛsɔ kɩlaʊ tɛ maɣzɩm.
Pɩtɩŋna lɩmaɣza a-naa a-yɔɔ lɛ, paa ɛyʊ weyi, ɛyʊ ɛzɩ weyi ɛwɛ ɛ-tɩyɔɔ kɛ samaɣ taa yɔ ɛwɛna ɛ-tɛ waɖɛ. Waɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩwɛ ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛ-cɔlɔ nɛ pɩkɛ-ɩ pɩyʊʊ kiɖeɖem nɛ pɩha ɛ-sɛɛ nɛ samaɣ nɛ kewiyaɣ tɛ ɖoŋ. Ɛyʊ tɛ ndɩ pasɩma-ɖɩ paa ɛjaɖɛ ndɩ lɛ ɖɩ-taa nɛ ɖɩwɛ kɩmaŋ paa hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ lɛ kɩ-taa nɛ pɩtasʊʊ wɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ taa ɛzɩ sɔsɔtʊ yaa canaʊ tɔm taa ɛzɩ tindime naɖɩyɛ taa ɛyaa yaa ɛyaa nabɛyɛ yaa tisuu tɛ ɛyaa nabɛyɛ yaa ɛyaa nabɛyɛ yem ko mba pamazɩɣ se ɛyaa mba pakaadʊʊ lalaa yɔ palɩzɩɣ-wɛ ɛyaa taa yɔ. Waɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩkɛ ɛyʊ pɩyʊʊ yɔ pasɩma-ɖɩ paa ɛsɛkuliye ɛjaɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩ-taa kɛ paɣtʊ takayasɩ taa yaa ajɛyɛ hɛkʊʊ taa nesi tabalɩyɛ aŋgbaa taa se pɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ pɩhaɣ ñamtʊ pɩkpɛdɩna ejaɖɛ maɣmaɣ. Waɖɛ tɛ ñɔʊ nɛ ɖɩ-tɛ wazaɣ kɛ pɩyʊʊ weyi ɛ-yɔɔ ndɔnjɔlɩyɛ paɣla siŋ ɛyʊ yɔɔ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɛ tɩlɩyɛ tɛ politiki nɔmɔʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa yɔ. Pɛrɩsɩ pamaɣzaɣ se kɩkɛ ɛyʊ waɖɛ ɖɩlɩyɛ kɛ kpaɣɖʊ lʊbɛ alɩwaatʊ taa pʊcɔ palʊlɩɣ Yeesu-Krɩstʊ Cyrus sɔsɔ tʊ kewiyaɣ alɩwaatʊ taa. Babylone you alɩwaatʊ wayɩ pɩnaɣ -539. Takayaɣ ŋga kawɩlɩɣna alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pʊcɔ pakpaɣ Babylone yɔ nɛ kawalɩwɩɣ keele Cyrus sɔsɔ tʊ tɛ lɩmaɣzaɣ Babylone mba tɛ. Ɛ-tɛ kewiyitʊ kaalaba ɖeu mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛɖʊwaɣ mba padaanɩɣ tɔm yɔ tʊma ɖoŋ ñɩnaa nɛ eyeki nɛ mba pakɛza-wɛ tɛtʊ yɔ papɩsɩɣ pa-ajɛyaa taa nɛ ɛpɩsɩna kɩlaʊ tɛ sɩʊkpelesi nzɩ paawona Babylone se papɩsɩna-zɩ pɛ-tɛ kiɖe tɛ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ kpaŋ taa. Ɛhaɣ waɖɛ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ɛ-tɛ kewiyaɣ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Kajalaɣ ɛyʊ waɖɛ tɛ takayaɣ kaakɛ Virginie ɛjaɖɛ tɛ ŋga. Georges Mason manakɛ nɛ Virginie ɖama nɩnaʊ ŋgbɛɛ tisi pɩyɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1776 Mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyaakʊ 12 –nɛ payaɣ nɛ Ɛnglɩsɩ taa se Bill of Rights américain.
Tɛtɛɛ pɔm
Pɔmdɩtɛɛrɩ
Tɛtɛɛ pɔm kɛna tɩŋ tɔɔnaɣ ŋga pahayʊ-kɛ kɛ-tɛɛ lila yɔɔ yɔ. Tɛtɛɛ pɔm tɛɛ lila ana awɛ kuŋgulum kuŋgulum ɛzɩ putuula yɔ nnɛ nabʊyʊ taa lɛ asʊʊ ɛzɩ hɛɛ ɖeyi ɖeyi ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩ-tɛɛ pɩzʊ pʊsʊʊ nɛ pɩɖaɣlɩ lʊʊʊ. Paapɩzɩɣ pɔtɔɔ tɛtɛɛ pɔm ɛzɩ pɔtɔkʊʊ kaabʊ yaa tɔɔnasɩ nasɩyɛ yɔ yɔ nɛ lɛŋ, pɩwɛɛ se patɩzɩ-kʊ fayɩɩ pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ yɔ pʊpʊʊ ɛyaa. pdt kʊnɛ kɩlɩʊ sɔzɩŋ kamaɣfɛyɩ nɛ kɩwɛ leleŋ kɩkɩlɩ hɛɛ. Tɛtɛɛ pɔm kʊnɛ kɩwɛ leleŋ ɛzɩ awiihɛɛ yɔ ɛlɛ sɔzɩŋ ɖeɖe kɛ tʊkaɣ nakɛyɛ wɛ pazɩ.
Tɔɔnasɩ nzɩ papɩzʊ pesidi tɛtɛɛ pɔm taa nɛ pɩwɛɛ camɩyɛ yɔ sɩɖɔɔ. Papɩzɩɣ nɛ pesidina num mbʊ ɛyʊ sɔɔlaa yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se paa tɔɔnaɣ ŋga papɩzɩɣ pɛsidi tɛtɛɛ pɔm ka-taa nɛ pɩwɛɛ camɩyɛ. Papɩzʊ pasɩɩ tɛtɛɛ pɔm nɛ kileɖi kɩɩwɛɛkʊʊ ɛlɛ pʊtɔpɔzɩ se pasɩɩ-kʊ yem kɔyɔ kɩpɩzɩɣ kɩɖazɩ yaa kɩwɩlɩ. Ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔla-kʊ sɩʊ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ, pɩwɛɛ se pepim-kʊ ɛsɩɩ-kʊ nikaɣ ŋgbaʊ taa yaa ɛɖʊ kañɩŋga ɖoli lɛ ɛyʊyɩ lim nɛ ehuuzi kabaɣ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ kpotoku yɔ yaa mbʊ pɩkpɩnda camɩyɛ ɛlɛ pʊmʊʊ nikaɣ camɩyɛ yɔ. Tɛtɛɛ pɔm wɛna tomnasi ndɩ ndɩ: nakʊyʊ kɛ kʊlʊmʊʊ tɩyɛ, lɛɛŋ sɛɛ cahʊʊ ɛzɩ calɩm yɔ, nɩɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ ɛwɛ kɩsɛɛmɩm muzulee, nabʊyʊ taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ kaabʊnaa nabɛyɛ caaɣ wɛʊ tɛtʊ yɔ.
Pɩnaɣ taa tʊmɩyɛ labʊ ñʊʊ takayaɣ
Pɩnaɣ takayaɣ yaa pɩnaɣ taa tʊmɩyɛ labʊ ñʊʊ takayaɣ, pɩkɛ pɩlɩyɛ takayaɣ ŋga ka-taa pañɩnɩɣ yɔ, pɩkɛ takayaɣ kɩkɛdaɣ, ka-taa peeɖe papɩzɩɣ pana ɛyaa hɩla nɛ nɔmɔŋ wɩlɩtʊ ndɩ ndɩ. Nɔmɔŋ weyi ɛ-tɔm ɖɩyɔɔdʊʊ yɔ pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩkɛ ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ tɔm yaa tʊmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ tɔm, pɩpɩzɩ pɩkɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ sukuli nakʊyʊ yɔɔ tɔm, tʊmɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ piliŋa tɔm yaa pɩlʊʊ nakʊyʊ tɔm yaa ɖɔɖɔ ɛyaa nabɛyɛ mba pawɩlɩ pa-tɩ yaa pɛcɛlɩ pa-tɩ tʊmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ yɔ.
Peyebinam tɩyɩnzɩ tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa tɩnaa kajalaɣ pɩnzɩ takayasɩ tɔm kiɖe, tɩlɩ Erɔpʊ ajɛyɛ taa kpaɣ Hɛkʊ nɛ Hɛkʊ wɛɛ taa. Almanach royal pama takayaɣ ŋga pɩtɩŋna takayasɩ mayʊ Laurent Houry tʊ yɔɔ, pɩlɩna Louis 14 pana ñaʊʊ yɔɔ, ɛnʊ kɛtɩna ɛjaɖɛ taa tʊma laɖaa sɔsaa kpeekpe nɛ sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa wɩlɩyaa kpeekpe. Kapɩsɩ tovonum pɩnaɣ takayaɣ sɔsɔ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tʊma sakɩyɛ taa.
Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1763 lɛ, Gotha Almanach lɩɩ, ka-taa ɖɩnaɣ Erɔpʊ kewiyisi hɔŋ kpeekpe tɔm, kɛlɛ paya-kɛ hɩɖɛ cikpeɖe mbʊ se liɖe kɛdʊʊ takayaɣ, paɣtʊ sɔsɔtʊ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ takayaɣ nɛ kɛdɩtʊ takayaɣ pɩnaɣ 1944. Pɩkɔma pɩnzɩ sakɩyɛ wayi lɛ, Sébastien Bottin susi tadɩyɛ tɛ Almanach nɛ tʊma sɔsɔna takayaɣ tɔm ɛzɩ Bottin gourmand yaa le Bottin mondain. Pɩnaɣ taa tʊma labʊ ñʊʊ takayaɣ ŋga ɛyaa kɩla sɩm yɔ ŋga lɛ kaŋalaafu tɩnaa takayaɣ, ka-taa peeɖe patʊɣʊ tʊma laɖa masɩ ñʊŋ hɔɔlʊʊ (takayɩ hayʊʊ caʊʊ yɔɔ paɖʊ-sɩ) nɛ ɛyaa yem lalaa kɛ takayɩ hayʊʊ kʊlʊmʊʊ yɔɔ, Solocal kɛ sɔnɔ Amerika ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ KKR Fransɩɩ kɩtamsɩnaʊ tʊmɩyɛ ɛyaa ɖaɣnɩ fezuu.
Sɩkandɩyɔm
Sɩkandɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ 21 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa Sc. Ɛkɛ hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊʊ ñɩɣlɩm wonuu ɖɔfɩɩ ŋgʊ, e-tomnaɣ hʊlɩma kpʊzɩyɛɛ. Pana-ɩ nabʊyʊ taa tɛtɛɛ nabɛyɛ nabɛyɛ taa kɛnɛ nɛ pɛ-tɛ nɛ Sɩkandɩnafɩ kiŋ. Ɛ nɛ ɩtrɩyɔm nɛ lantanɩdɩ waa pɛwɛna tɛtʊ naa nabɛyɛ taa. Sɩkandɩyɔm (latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, scandia pɩwɩlɩɣ se Sɩkandɩnafɩ), Lars Fredrik Nilson lɩna ɛ-yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1879 alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛ nɛ ɛ-ɛgbaɣdɩna tʊmɩyɛ laɖaa pañɩnaɣ kɛdɛɖaɣ tɛtʊ naa yɔ. Nilson ɖʊ se ɛna pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-wɛtʊ pɩtɩŋna mʊntʊsʊʊ weluu tɛ pɩlɩna tɛtɛɛ esenite nɛ gadolinite pɔ-yɔɔ.
Dmitri Mendeleïev kaayɔpɔdɩ pɩnaɣ 1869 alɩwaatʊ taa kɛ sɩkandɩyɔm tɔm naa nabɛyɛ nɛ ɛyaa-wɛ se ekabore waa, ɛlɛ ɛlabɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ ɛ-tɛ wɛɛ paɣtʊ. Per Teodor Cleve lɩ sɩkandɩyɔm kalɩkɔdaɣ alɩwaatʊ kʊyʊmtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛlɛ tɩwɛɛ ndɩ Nilson ñɩntʊ, Cleve ñawɩlɩɣ se sɩkandɩyɔm nɛ ekabo pɛkɛ kʊyʊm. Pɩnaɣ 1937, kajalaɣ ɖeɖe palaba ñɩɣlɩm sɩkandɩyɔm pɩlɩna nazɩyʊ yɛkɛlɩnayʊ pɩtɩŋna pɔtasɩyɔm nɛ lɩtɩyɔm nɛ sɩkandɩyɔm kalɩkɔdaɣ pɛkpɛndʊʊ yɔɔ nɛ pɛ-tɛ yɔlʊʊ ɖeɖe yɔ 700 ŋtalɩ 800°C. Kajalaɣ sɩkandɩyɔm liviri ñɩlɩm ŋgʊ keeke pɩtalɩ 99% wɛʊ mbʊ yɔ paalaba-kʊ pʊcɔ pɩnaɣ 1960 wɛɛ.
Vladimir Nabokov
Vladimir Vladimirovitch Nabokov kɛ Ruusi tʋ. Ɛkɛ abalʋ weyi ɛfɛyɩ felendu kpataa yaa kaʋ yɔ. Palʋla-ɩ kɛ Ɖoma fenaɣ taa kɛ evemiye yaa kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ naalɛ yaa hiŋ naaalɛ nɛ naalɛ (22) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye kɛ pɩnaɣ 1899 n̄ɩŋga taa. Lalaa n̄ɔtɔŋ size ɖomaɣ fenaɣ efemiye yaa kɩyakʋ hiu (10) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye palʋla-ɩ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1899 n̄ɩŋga kʋɖʋma ŋga ka-taa. Ruusi ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa peeɖe kɛ kooka yaa egeetiye nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Sɛɛpetɛrsbuuri yɔ ɖɩ-taa peeɖe palʋla ɖajaa Vladimir ɛnʋ.
Ɛkɛ n̄amtʋ pɩɣa ɛ-taabalaa nɛ ɛ-samaɣ ŋga ɛwɛ ka-taa yɔ kɛ-sɩnda. Ɛ-pɩcatʋ taa ɛɛkɛ pɩɣa ŋga kɛwɛ lɛɣtʋ siŋŋ yɔ. Ɛsɩba hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ taa kɛ evemiye yaa kɩyakʋ naalɛ (2) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye kɛ pɩnaɣ 1977 n̄ɩŋga taa. Egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛsɩba yɔ, nɖɩ payaɣ size Lausanne kɛ Suwiisi ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa. Ɛsɩkaɣ lɛ, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ hiŋ lʋbɛ nɛ lutozo (78) kɛ mbʋ yɔ.
Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Vladimir Vladimirovitch Nabokov kɛ tʋma sakɩyɛ laɖʋ. Ɛkɛ koowa maɖʋ, ɛtɛ ɛkɛ maɣzɩm takayasɩ kɩkalasɩ mayʋ, nɛ takayasɩ ndɩ ndɩ mayʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛnʋ kɛna ɖɔɖɔ, nzʋlʋma lɛɛna taa lɩzɩyʋ yaa payaʋ size nzʋlʋma lɛɛna taa ɖɛzɩyʋ yɔ.
Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Vladimir kɛ ɖɔɖɔ, tɔm kɩmamatʋ tazɩyʋ. Ɛ-tɔma ana, a-kpeekpe payɩ mbɩ yɔ, Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛlakɩyɛ, ɛlɛ, ɛkɛ Ruusi ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa pɩɣa. Iglɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa kɛ ɛlaba ɛtɛ tɔm kɩmamatʋ sukuli nɛ Fransɩɩ kʋnʋŋ taa. Pʋwayɩ lɛ ewolo ɛcaɣ Caama ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa kɛ pɩnzɩ hiu nɛ kagbanzɩ (15) mbɩ yɔ.
Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Vladimirovitch Nabokov ɛnɛ, pɩnaɣ 1940 n̄ɩŋga taa kɛ, ɛtala Amerika ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa, nɛ ɛ-maɣzɩm wɩlɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛta tamaɣ size ɛpɩsɩ Amerika ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa tʋ yaa nesi ɖʋyʋ ɖɔɖɔ kɛ Amerika ɛjaɖɛ wobɩnaʋ ɛsɩnda.
Pilim ñʊʊ
Pilim ñʊʊ, tʊzʊʊ paɣtʊ taa lɛ, pilim ñʊʊ kɛ wazaɣ kalɩyaɣ ŋga keyeba se ɛyʊ ɛtɩlɩ kʊɖʊm kʊɖʊm kalʊʊ. Pɩsaŋ nɛ pakalɩɣ wondu kpaɣ ɛzɩ pɔtɔŋ se kaʊʊ kʊyʊmʊʊ, kaŋ naalɛ, takayaɣ kʊyʊmaɣ, takayasɩ naalɛ. Pilim ñʊʊ ŋgʊ papɩzɩɣ pama-kʊ nɛ kalɩyasɩ pɩtɛ. Paa ñʊʊ mayaɣ ŋga lɛ kɛwɛna ka-ñʊʊ ñɩŋa, nɛ kalɩyasɩ nzɩ sɩfɛyɩ kamaɣ. Kiɖe tɛɛ lɛ Richard Dekekind lɩza tɔbʊʊ nɛ ɛtɔŋ se mayaɣ kpɛɖɛ ñɩŋa fɛyɩ pɩ-taa, pʊwayɩ kɔyɔ paɖanɩɣ tɔm lɛɛtʊ lɩzɩɣ tʊtʊ ñɔtɔŋ se mayaɣ ŋga kɛwɛ pɩdaa. Tɔmpee ana a-naalɛ a-tɛ ntɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ tɔm wɛɛ halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ.
Pilim ñʊŋ yɔɔ kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɛ pɛ-tɛ ɖama taa wɛʊ, nɛ sɔzʊʊ akɔnta nɛ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ huuduu, kaakɛna ɖooo krɛkɩ kɩbɩnʊʊ alɩwaatʊ taa tʊzɩtʊ lɛɣtʊ tɔm ndʊ payaɣa se ñʊŋ kɩtɩlɩŋ kpɛlɛkʊʊ. Pekpeɣ pilim ñʊŋ maʊʊ tɔm kajalaɣ ɖeɖe pɩtɩŋna Peano nɛ Dedekind pɔ-yɔɔ kpaɣɖʊ 19 tɛmtʊ alɩwaatʊ taa. Pɩ-tɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa padakɩ tʊmɩyɛ mayaɣ kpɛɖɛ ñɩŋa ɛzɩ mayaɣ pilim ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, (ŋgʊ lalaa ñañɩkɩɣ niiye kɔyɔ), mbʊ yebina nɛ kpeɣtu kajalaɣ ñɩndʊ tɛlɛzɩ.
Pilim kalɩyasɩ kpeekpe, kpɛɖɛ ñɩŋa wɛ sɩ-taa yaa kɛfɛyɩ, sɩ-tɩŋa payi payʊsa-sɩ mayaɣ N. Dedekind palɩzɩ mayaɣ ŋga pɩnaɣ 1888, nɛ payaɣ mayaɣ ŋga ka-hɩɖɛ lɛ pasɩma mbʊ se pɩkɛ pilim masɩ kpeekpe tɔm.
Tɩ maɣmaɣ tɛ wezuu caɣʊʊ tɔm maʊʊ
Tɩ maɣmaɣ tɛ wezuu caɣʊʊ maʊʊ pɩkɛ matʊ tɔm nɛ niye lɔŋ labʊ tɛ tʊmɩyɛ. Tɔmɩŋ ɖɩlɩyɛ tɛ lɛ pɩkɛ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ matʊ (graphè,) pɩcɛlɩna ɛyʊ maɣmaɣ tɩ tɔm, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se e-fezuu caɣʊʊ tɔm. Walaa taa lɛ tɔmʊʊ kɩ-taa peeɖe mbʊ pʊpɔzʊʊ se patɩlɩɣ pʊ-tʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-maɣmaɣ, pɩɩkɛʊ kɩdɩyʊ. Tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩlɩɣ yɔ piteleɖida, palɩzɩ-kʊ kpaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 19 wɛɛ taa.
Tɔmpiye tɩ maɣmaɣ tɔm matʊ lɩ wayi nɛ wayi nɛ tɩtaɖɩzɩ tɔmɩŋ lɛɛŋ weyi ɛɛwɛ pʊcɔ ŋgʊ lɩɩ yɔ nɛ pɩtaɖaŋ tʊtʊ se tɩwɛna wazaɣ paa kʊ nɛ yɔ kɩlɩna yɔ. Yiduu natʊyʊ wɛɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɔmpiye ɖɩ nɛ yɔ ɖɩñɔɔ yɔ, nɛ woɖe yɔɔ woɖe yɔɔ lɛ, ndɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ sakɩyɛ la, kizitu sakɩyɛ lɩɩ nɛ pʊtʊʊ ndɩ ndɩ wɛɛ pɩlɩna ɖɩ-yɔɔ. Pʊwɛɛ ɛzɩ kajalaɣ lɛ Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa pɩlɛna kpaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 18 tɛmtʊ wɛɛ taa. Selbst-biographie, kɛlɛ paɖʊʊ cɛŋa titiɖe hɛkʊ taa, pʊwayɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ panɩɣ ɖɩtaŋ Ɛnglɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa pɩnaɣ 1797 mbʊ se Self-biography.
Paa pɩɩkɛ ɛzɩma yɔ ɛzɩ palɩzɩ tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ kʊ-tɔbʊʊ nɛ ɖɩnɩɣ se pɩkɛ tɩ maɣmaɣ fezuu caɣʊʊ tɔm maʊʊ nɛ pɩkɛ ɖɔɖɔ wezuu tɔm kɩkɛdɩtʊ yɔ, matʊ tɔm kɩfatʊ natʊyʊ ndʊ ɛyʊ tisi tɩ-yɔɔ nɛ ɛlɩzɩɣna Jean-Jacques Rousseau kʊwɛkɩm tɔm heyitu yɔ kɛ kpaɣɖʊ 18 hɔɔlʊʊ naalɛ ŋgʊ taa nɛ ɛ-taa wɛɛ leleŋ nɛ caɣyɛ kɩzɩyɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɔm wɛɛ (Chateaubriand, George Sand, Musset) pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩna sɔnɔ.
Samora Moisés Machel
Payaɣ Ɖajaa weyi se Samora Moisés Machel yɔ, palʋla-ɩ salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ nakʋ (29) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1933 ñɩŋga taa. Palʋla-ɩ Mozambiki ɛjaɖɛ taa Madragoa tɛtʋ taa. Madragoa tɛtʋ payaɣ sɔnɔ se Chilembene tɛtʋ.
Ɖajaa Samora Moisés Machel wona sɔsaa mʋlʋm aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ nakʋ (19) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1986 ñɩŋga taa. Afrɩka nɛ hadɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛsɩba Mbuzini tɛtʋ taa.
Ɖajaa Samora Moisés Machel kɛ Mozambiki ɛjaɖɛ tɛ politiki laɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛkɛ Mozambiki ɛjaɖɛ taa politiki ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se Frelimo yɔ, ɖɩ-taa tʋ nɔɔyʋ.
Ɖajaa Samora Moisés Machel kɛŋna Mozambiki ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ kajalaɣ tʋ. Eɖiya Mozambiki ɛjaɖɛ, kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1975 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩnɩ pɩnaɣ 1986 ñɩŋga taa. Ɛnʋ lʋbɩna siŋŋ nɛ Mozambiki ɛjaɖɛ lɩɩ ɖi-yomiye taa.
Ɖajaa Samora Moisés Machel kɛ Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ cejewiye kɩpɩɣyɛ taa tʋ. Ɛkɛ Gaza tɛtʋ wiyaʋ pɩyalʋ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛ-caa ɛnʋʋ payaɣ se Shangaan.
Katolika Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ cejewiye sukuli ŋgʋ kɩñɔtɩna-ɩ kpam yɔ, kɩ-taa ɛlaba e-sukuli cikpeluu. Kɩ-taa peeɖe pakʋma-ɩ hɩɖɛ nɛ payaa-ɩ se paɣtʋ kɩɩñamɩyʋ.
You nakʋyʋ kalaba Afrɩka nɛ hadɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ Ɖajaa Samora Moisés Machel ɖalʋ sɩ kɩ-taa. Ɛ-ɖalʋ ɛnʋ ɛcɔŋkaɣna ɛ-yɔɔ sukuli taa. Pʋ-yɔɔ ɛtaapɩzɩ se ɛtasɩ labʋ sukuli. Paa mbʋ yɔ, ɛcɛyɩ ɛ-tɩ nɛ pamʋ-ɩ ɖakʋtanaa tʋmɩyɛ taa Lourenço-Marquès tɛtʋ taa. Peeɖe ɛkɔma ɛpɩsɩ fɛɖʋ.
2012
Pɩnaɣ 2012 kɛ pɩnaɣ 2012 ñɩŋga kɛ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ yɔ. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kʋɖʋm taa lɛ, pɩnaɣ 2012 kɛŋna hiu nɛ naalɛ ñɩŋga. Kɛwɛ pɩnzɩ 2011 nɛ 2013 hɛkʋ taa. =2012 taa lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ = Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ sɩnɛ yɔ sɩlaba :
Léon Tolstoï
Palʊla Léon Tolstoï kɛ kɩyɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 28 ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1828 kɛ Lasɩnayiya, Poliyana tɛtʊ taa, Rusii ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛsɩ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ lʊbɛ wiye pɩnaɣ 1910 kɛ Asɩtrapolo tɛtʊ taa, Rusii ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 82. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ siŋŋŋ kɔyɔ Lev Nikolaïevitch Tolstoï. Ɛkɛna roomamnŋ zʊlɩmɩyɛtaa takayɩsɩ kɩkalasɩ nɛ ɛ-tɛ saaʊla taakayɩsɩ. Ɛma takʊʊ takayɩsɩ sakɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ sɩ-taa lɛ ɛmayaɣ samaɣ ŋga kɛwɛ Rusii kewiyaɣ ɖoŋ tɛɛ yɔ nɛ waɖɛ pɩwɛ se kɛwɛɛna ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. Ɛyɔɔda ɛsɔsɛtʊ aŋgba tɔm ndɩ ndɩ nɛ ɛtʊsʊ mʊndʊsʊ kɛ kɛ ɛsakuliye yɔɔ.
Ɛma takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ nakɩyɛ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1869 nɛ ɛyaa-kɛ se You nɛ Laŋhɛzɩyɛ Ɛkpaɣ pɩnzɩ hiu nɛ ɛmana-kɛ. Kɛkɛna ɖɔɖɔ ɛ-tɛ roomamnŋ zʊlɩmɩyɛtaa takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ sɔsɔɣa nakayɩ. Ka-taa lɛ, ɛmaba kaŋɖaʊ kɛ caanaʊ taa ɛyaa pɩlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ lakasɩ nɛ pɛwɛtʊ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ (1812) Napoléon sɔɔjana cɔ Rusii kiliŋgili nɛ patayɔ. Tolstoï kɛna takayɩsɩ mayʊ weyi ɛyaa tɩla-ɩ lɔŋ yɔ pɩlɩɩna tyakayɩsɩ nzɩ ɛma ɛmaɣmaɣ ɛ-yɔɔ yɔ. Ɛyɔɔda ɛ-pɩcatʊ tɔm, e-evebitu tɔm nɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛɛkɛ sɔɔja kɛ Sebastopoli, Krime taa yɔ.
Cicéron
Cicéron kɛna Room tɛtʊ taa ɛyʊ nɔɔyʊ nɛ ɛkɛ takayɩsɩ mayʊ. Palʊla-ɩ pʊcɔ nɛ palʊlɩ Yesu nɛ pɩɩkɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naatozo pɩnaɣ 106 kɛ Arpinum tɛtʊ taa Italii ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛzɩ saŋgayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ lʊbɛñɩŋgʊ pɩnaɣ 43. Ɛtaasɔɔlɩ sɔɔjɛtʊ ɛlɛ ɛsɔɔla nɔɔ leleŋ yaa ɖeu yɔɔdaɣ paɣtʊ wɩlɩʊ tʊmɩyɛ mbʊ yebina pɩnaɣ 63 taa palɩzɩ-ɩ tɔm yɔɔ cɔnɩyaa tʊmɩyɛ ñʊʊtʊ.
Ɛlaba tɔm tendiya sukuli nɛ ɛñaɣbana nɛ ɛɖɩzɩ Catilina lʊwaɣ pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ nima wena yɔ. Ɛ-lʊbɩyɛ nɖɩ nɛ ɛ-wabɩtʊ ndʊ tɩɖʊ-ɩ hɩɖɛ camɩyɛ ɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 58 taa lɛpɩpɩsa-ɩ tɔm mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ eyeba nɛ pakʊ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖi-nima lʊya nabayɩ yem nɛ patahʊna-wɛ tɔm se pʊcɔ. Pɩla mbʊ nɛ ese nɛ ɛɖʊ kʊyʊ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɛpɩsa ɛkɔɔ Room tɛtʊ taa pɩnaɣ 57 lɛ, pɩɩtasɩɣ-ɩ haʊ waɖɛ se ɛtasɩ komina tʊmɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ naɖɩ labʊ. Pɩtɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Pompée nɛ César pañazaɣna. Alɩwaatʊ nɖʊ you sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ lɩɩ nɛ samaɣ kpeekpe kpaɣ hɔzɩŋ ɖama yɔɔ. Mbʊ yebina pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩcɛyʊ se ɛna Pompée nɛ César paɖu taabalɩyɛ nɛ pʊcɔ ɛɖʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɛ Octave nɛ ɛna Antoinɛ papɩsɩ haɣ nɛ kozoŋga. Peeɖe pɩlɩna nɛ pakʊyɩ pɩnaɣ 43.
Ɛyɩtʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ
Ɛyʊtʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ tɩmʊʊ wɛtʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ kɛ tʊmɩyɛ kʊyʊmɖɩyɛ. Tɔm kɛdɩɣ paɣtʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa lɛ, tɔmpee ana a-naalɛ maɣzɩm taa awɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Ɛyʊtʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ kaakɛ kedeŋa wɛtʊ lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ tɩmʊʊ wɛtʊ cɔŋna sɔnzɩ nɛ pɩ-tɛ wɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ sɔnzɩ ndɩ ndɩ agbeela yɔɔ. Mbʊ Claude Lévi-Strauss tɔŋ se papɩzɩɣ patʊʊ ɛyʊtʊ tʊmɩyɛ taa tɩmʊʊ wɛtʊ hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ ɛzɩ hɔɔlʊʊ lɛɛkʊ cɔŋna nɛ kikpeluu mbʊ pɩtɛma ɖɛʊ yɔ pʊyɔɔ nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ lɛɛkʊ wiluu nɛ pɩɖɩna ŋgʊ ɛyʊtʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩɖɩ tɛyɩɣ, ɖɩtakɩɣ nɛ ɖɩmaɣ. Ɛlɛ sɛtʊʊ mbʊ piiyeki yaa pɩɩsaŋ se pala-tʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ camɩyɛ.
Kpaɣ ɖooo pɩnzɩ 1950 alɩwaatʊ taa, Caama tɔmɩŋ nɩɩyɛ ɛzɩ social anthropology kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Piritaniiki tɛtʊ taa nɛ cultural anthropology kɔzɩk kɔzɩ Amerika tʊ, pɛkpɛdɩ tɔmpee ana pɩtɩŋna ñɩnɩya sɔsaa yɔɔ nɛ kedeŋga kpeekpe pazɩ labɩnaʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ tɔmpiye ɛyʊtʊ kpɛlɛkɩɣ.
Ɛyʊtʊ tʊmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ lakɩ keeke sɔnzɩ nɛ tisuu tɛ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ, liɖe wɛtʊ nɛ hɔŋ ɖʊʊ nɛ paɣtʊ maʊ. Sakɩyɛ taa lɛ, ɖɩ-tʊmɩyɛ keeke lɛ, maɣzʊʊ nɛ tɔbʊʊ nɩɣʊ mbʊ ɛyʊ kɛwa pɩlɩna wɛtʊ naa ndɩ ndɩ ɛsɩndaa yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1838, pɩtɩŋna William Edwards, ekpeɣli ndɔnjɔɔlaa ana pɩlɩna ɛyʊ ɖɩlɩyɛ tɔm yɔɔ mbʊ se ɛyʊ ɖɩlɩyɛ wɛ ɖoli kʊyʊm nɛ ɛyʊ ɖɩlɩyɛ tam sakɩyɛ taa. Lɩmaɣza ana amʊʊ pɩnaɣ 1848 alɩwaatʊ taa.
Vladimir Poutine
Vladimir Vladimirovitch Poutine kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Ruusii yɔ ɖɩ-tɛtʋ taa pɩɣa yaa Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa tʋ. Ɛkɛ abalʋ lɔŋ tʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ siŋŋ kɛ Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe. Ɛwɛ n̄amtʋ ɛ-tabalaa cɔlɔ nɛ ɛ-caanaa nɛ ɛ-ɖɩcaɣyɛ taa mba cɔlɔ tɩna ɛsɩndaa payɩ. Ɛkɛ pɩɣa ŋga kɛwɛna maɣzɩm siŋŋ yɔ.
Palʋla Vladimir Poutine kɛ Aloma fenaɣ taa kɛ evemiye yaa kɩyakʋ lʋbɛ (7) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye kɛ pɩnaɣ 1952 n̄ɩŋga taa. Egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa palʋla-ɩ yɔ, nɖɩ-ɩ payaɣ size Léningrad egeetiye. Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Vladimir Poutine ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ abalʋ. Abalʋ weyi ɛkɛ politiki tʋmɩyɛ laɖʋ sɔsɔ kpim kpim nɔɔyʋ yɔ.
Ɛɖɔka kewiyaɣ tʋmɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ camɩyɛ nɛ taaleleŋ. Pɩyɔɔ yɔɔ patasa-ɩ lɩzʋʋ kewiyaɣ ŋga ka-n̄ʋʋ tʋ kɛ pɩnaɣ 2008 pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 2012 n̄ɩŋga taa. Ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ, ajɛɛ kpɛndʋ yaa yozuu n̄ʋʋ tʋ kɛ Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe kɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ paaɖɔŋga n̄ɔzʋʋ size palɩzɩ ɖɔkʋyʋʋ kɩfalʋʋ kewiyaɣ ŋgbɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa siŋŋ yɔ. Ɛnʋ kaacana se pɩcɔ, palɩzɩ kɩfalʋ.
Socrate
Socrate kɛna lɔnsɩnɖɛ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ sɔsɔ nɔɔɔyʊ kɛ ɖooo caanaʊ taa pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ V taa pʊcɔ palʊlʊʊ yesu. Palʊla-ɩ pɩnzɩ 470 nɛ 469 taa kɛ Alopɛsɩ nɛ ɛsɩ pɩnaɣ 399 Atɛnɩ tɛtʊ taa. Ɛ-lɩmaaɣzɩm sɔsɔm kɔyɔ: maɣzʊ ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ, sɔɔlɩm, ɖenɖe ɛyʊ lɩmaɣza lɩʊna yɔ, mukuu yɔɔdaɣ, tɩlɩtʊ nɛ ɛyʊ camɩyɛ lakasɩ.
Vladimir Poutine
Pɩɩkɛ pɩnaɣ 1999 n̄ɩŋga nɛ pɩɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 2000 n̄ɩŋga taa. Kewiyaɣ taa mba caɣ yaa laba kedizaɣ lɛ, palɩzɩ size ɛkɛ ajɛɛ kpɛndʋ yaa yozuu n̄ʋʋ tʋ Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe kɛ pɩnaɣ 2000 n̄ɩŋga pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 2008 n̄ɩŋga nɛ e-kewiitu sɩna-ɩ pɩnaɣ 2012 n̄ɩŋga.
Socrate
Ñʊʊdaa lɔnsɩnɖɛ kpɛlɛkɩya mba paawɛna Socrate yɔɔ ɖoŋ yaa mba pɔ-tɔm kaakɩla-ɩ kɛdɩnaʊ yɔ, pa-taa kɔyɔ: Anaxagore de Clazomènes, Prodicos de Céos, Parménide. Piyele mba pɔ-yɔɔ ɛɛwɛna ɖoŋ yaa mba paakɩlɩ ɛ-tɔm sɔɔlʊʊ yɔ, papa yɔ: Platon, Aristote, Xénophon, Antisthène nɛ mba paasɔɔla ɛ-tɔm yɔ nɛ pɩkɩlɩna tuuɖe ajɛya taa lɔnsɩnɖɛ kpɛlɛkɩya.
Vladimir Poutine
Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Vladimirovitch Poutine kɛ ŋgbɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size K.G.B yɔ ɖɩ-taa tʋmɩyɛ laɖʋ ɖɔɖɔ.
Ɖajaa sɔsɔ lɔŋ tʋ nɛ politiki tʋ Vladimir Poutine ɛnɛ, ɛ-caa payaɣ size Spiridonovitch Poutine (1911-1999). Vladimir Poutine ɖoo payaɣ size Maria Ivanovna Poutina (1911-1998).
Socrate
Payaɣ Socrate caa se Sophronisque nɛ e-ɖoo kɔyɔ Phainarète. Ɛ-caa kaakɛ sɩʊkpelasɩ nɛ kaaŋ saɣyʊ piyele e-ɖoo ñaakɛ halɩlʊlʊsɩyʊ. Ɛ-ɖoo hɩɖɛ, Phénarète, ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ se mbʊ pɩlɩzʊ camɩyɛlakasɩ nɛ nabayɩ tɔŋ se e-ɖoo hɩɖɛ nɖɩ nɛ ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ kɛna lubu tɔm ndʊ ppama se pɩwɩlɩ ndʊ Socrate kaayɔda pɩlŋa tɔm ndʊ ɛpɔzaɣ e-sukuli pɩya nɛ ɛmʊyʊsʊ-wɛ nɛ pamaɣmaɣ palɩzʊ ndʊ paasɩma nɛ paalɩzʊ-tʊ yɔ.
E-ɖoo kaatɛma walʊ nɛ pʊcɔ ɛwalʊ Socrate caa. Ɛɛwɛna walʊ kɩpɩnʊ cɔlɔ pɩɣa kʊɖʊmaɣ nɛpayaɣ-kɛ se Patroclès. Nabayɛ yɔɔdʊ se Sorate wɛna halaa naalɛ: Xanthippe nɛ Myrto nɛ pɩya naalɛ ɖɔɖɔ: Lamproclès nɛ Ménexène. Ɛlɛ Platon nɛ Xénophon yɔ, ɛwɛna halaa naalɛ ɛlɛ kacalaɣ ñɩnʊ, Xanthippe kɛ ɛwɛna pɩya naatozo: Lamproclès, kacalaɣ tʊ, Sophronisque nɛ Ménexène. Pɔyɔɔdʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ se piya evelesi hɛʊ Socrate tɛɛ yem nɛ ɛɛwɛna hɩmpatʊ kamaɣ fɛyɩ.
Platon yɔɔdʊ Socrate tɔm se ɛkɛna kʊñɔndʊ ɛlɛ Xénophon ñɛkpɛʊna-ɩ nɛ ɛtɔŋ se pɩtɛkɛ kʊñɔndʊtʊ ɛlɛ pɩlɩna ɖenɖe ɛpaafɛyɩna ñɩm yɔ. Ɛ-lɩmazɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ kɛlɛ se ɛkpɛlɩ lɔnzɩnɖɛ. Ɛsʊ sɔɔjɛtʊ nɛ eyo you kɛ Peloponɛzi, Krɛsɩ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ tɛtʊ taa. Poyowa yoŋ ɩnʊ naŋgbanzɩ nɛ malɩfanaa mba pasʊkaɣ-wɛ yɔ, pɛwɛ yʊŋ hɛmmm. Pɩnzɩ 5 wayɩ kɛ panɩnaɣ se pakʊyɩ nɛ pɛcɛtɩ ɛ-yɔɔ kɛ tɔm sakɩyɛ. Kacalaɣ lɛ se ɛɛsɛʊ kewiyaɣ ɖʊ paɣtʊ se pɛsɛɛ ɛsɔ weyi yɔ.
Nabʊlɛ se ɛkɔŋna ɛsɔnaa kɩfama nɛ lɛɛtʊ kɛlɛ se epeezu evebiya nɛ pɛlaa nɛ patɩŋgʊ ɛ-wayɩ. Pɩɩkɛna lakɩŋ nɛ mɩsɩkʊm fenasɩ taa pɩnaɣ -399. Mba patɩna ɛyʊʊ taa ñaɖʊ ŋgʊ pɛkpɛnda 3: Anytos, Mélétos nɛ Lycon. Ɛ-tɔm hʊya kaawɛ 501 nɛ pa-taa 280 kaasɔɔla se paɖʊ-ɩ sɩm nɛ 221 ñekizina. Kacalaɣ cɛtɩm tɔm tʊnɛ, ɛzɩma Socrate kaawɛ nɛ eetisu ɛsɔ nɔɔyʊ yɔɔ yɔ, pʊyɔɔ.
Pɩla mbʊ nɛ paɖɩ-ɩ kpasɩ nɛ paɖʊ-ɩ salaka nɛ ɛla peeɖe fenaɣ. Evemiye talaa lɛ, pɛcɛlɛ-ɩ pɛtʊ yaa sɔtʊ, siigu nɛ ɛñʊʊ nɛ etizi fezu. Ɛñɔ sɔtʊ ndʊ kɛ Apollodore de Phalère, Criton nɛ ɛ-ɛyaa sɩmaa Critobule, Hermogène, Épigénès, Eschine, Antisthène, Ménexène, Ctésippos de Péanie nɛ nabayɩcabɩ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa. Socrate tisu se ɛsɩ sɩm mbʊ yɔ, ɛñanaa se ɛwɩlɩ se camɩyɛ lakasɩ kila weewee kɛ wesu.
Socrate
Turkimenistanɩ
Pamaza Turkmenistanɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ 488 100 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe takɩlɩ ɖɔʊ. Pɩnaɣ 2014 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 5.171.943 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yee pakalɩɣ ɛyaa km2 taa kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ 10 yɔ. Aloma fenaɣ 27 pɩnaɣ 1991 kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ. Payaɣ Turkmenistanɩ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow.
Kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ɩnʊʊ lɛ turkimɛɛnɩ nɛ ruusi. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Taamaasɩ nɛ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩna walanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Yee ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛyaa nɔɔyʊ kɛ kaŋgalafu yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛma +993 ɛ-tɛ kaŋgalafu kpata yɔɔ pʊcɔ ŋɛ ɛɛma pɩtɛ ɛyʊʊ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ.
Liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkɩ-ɖɩ peeɖe yɔ payaɣ-ɖɩ se maanatɩ turkimɛnɩ.
Samaɣ ñʊʊ tɩlʊʊ
Samaɣ ñʋʋ tɩlʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ. Pañɩnɩɣ nɛ patɩlɩ samaɣ cikpelaɣ nakayɛ ñʋʋ. Patɩŋɩɣna kʋ-yɔɔ nɛ pamaɣzɩ nɛ pekpeɣ egeetiye naɖɩyɛ ñʋʋ. Kɩkalʋʋ palakɩ nɛ pʋcɔ patɩlɩ samaɣ nakɛyɛ ñʋʋ. Pʋcɔna patɩlɩ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ ñʋʋ lɛ, pacalɩɣna kɩkalʋʋ labʋ ageeta cikpene ndɩ ndɩ taa. Pɩtɛŋ lɛ, pâla kɩgalʋʋ ageeta sɔsɔna sɔsɔna taa.
Pɩtɛŋ payɩ lɛ, pɛkpɛndɩ palaba kɩkalʋʋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ pɩlɩ mbʋ yɔ. Yee pɔtɔʋ caca nakʋyʋ, pʋpɔzʋʋ se pala kɩkalʋʋ nɛ patɩlɩ samaɣ ñʋʋ nɛ pʋcɔ pɔtɔ caca ŋ́gʋ. Pɛtɛŋ-kʋ laba lɛ, pɩha nʋmɔʋ nɛ pɔtɔ caca ŋgʋ pɔtɔʋ yɔ.
Piyele kaɖasɩ lɛɛsɩ lɛ, kewiyaɣ cakɩna nɛ kɩmaɣzɩ camɩyɛ pɩŋŋ nɛ kʋcɔna nɛ kɩlɩzɩ-sɩ nɛ kasɩɩ-sɩ si-lona ndɩ ndɩ taa. Kaɖɩsɩ nzɩ kewiyaɣ sɩɣna-sɩ kɩsɩʋ si-lona ndɩ ndɩ taa yɔ, sɩ-taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ minisiwaa ndɩ ndɩ. Tʋma sɔsɔna ndɩ ndɩ ñʋŋ tɩnaa. Sukulinaa cikpema ndɩ ndɩ ñʋŋ tɩnaa. Sukulinaa sɔsaa ndɩ ndɩ ñʋŋ tɩnaa. Nesi tɛɛ tʋma cikpene nɛ sɔsɔna ndɩ ndɩ ñʋŋ tɩnaa. Kantɔnaa ndɩ ndɩ awiya.
Kɩkalʋʋ labʋ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Samaɣ ñʋʋ tɩlʋʋ yem kɩkalʋʋ wɛɛ. Akɔnta kɩkalʋʋ ñɛwɛɛ. Akɔnta kɩkalʋʋ maɣzɩɣ nɛ ɛsɩyɛ nɛ kikpeɣ samaɣ nakɛyɛ ñʋʋ.
Kela
Keɖe yaa kela kɛna dozi nzɩ pahayʊʊ yɔ. Papɩzʊ pehili-yɛ ɖozi pʊcɔ pɔtɔɔ yaa pɔtɔɔna lɛŋ. Pɔtɔkɩ kela tɩŋga pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɔtɔkɩ a-hatʊ yaa alʊlʊʊ kela lɛ, pɔtɔɔ yaa pehili. Kela ɖozi fɛyɩ sotu ɛzɩ mana yaa ɛzɩ hʊnʊm yɔ. Ɛzɩ tɛztʊ wɛʊ ndɩ ndɩ yɔ, kela paɣlɩka taa talʊ ɛzɩ santimɛtanaa nɩɩnɩwa yaa mɛtanaa naalɛ yɔ. Kela taŋgʊʊ yɔ a-hatʊ liŋ tɛɛ kɛ hɛtʊ lɩʊ nɛ hɛtʊ ndʊ tʊhʊlʊma fadʊdʊʊ yaa nabʊyʊ taa lɛ tɛzɩʊ jaʊʊ tɩyɛ. Kela pee wɛ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna kela wɛtʊ maɣmaɣ yɔɔ: naayɛ sɛ jaʊʊ, lɛɛna kɛ kɩkpɛda tɩyɛ, naayɛ kɛ sʊtʊ lɩm tɩyɛ nɛ awɛna wɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Kela naayɛ lɔbɔɔɔ lɔbɔɔɔ ɛzɩ haɣlada yɔ, lɛɛna wɛ kpatatayaaa kpatayaaa nɛ naayɛ wɛ kʊŋgʊlʊm kʊŋgʊlʊ yaa wɛtʊ natʊyʊ yem.
Tʊkaɣ nakɛyɩ wɛ kela nɛ ɛzɩ tɛtɛɛ pɔm, kpɛɛnzʊ kpooyuu yaa ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se kpoobesse yɔ yaa kpɛnzɩɖoŋga pa-taa. Ɖozi nzɩ paya mbʊ yɔ sɩtɩŋga sɩlɩna ilememiye kɩfaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Amerika yɔ ɖɩ-taa. Ɖooo lɛ pɩɩkɛna ñɩyʊ taa tɔɔnasɩ nɛ pʊcɔ nɛ ɛyaa paɣzɩ-sɩ kpenaʊ ɖɩsɩ taa nɛ pahayɩɣ-sɩ.
Ɛlɛ Ɛndɩ nɛ Siini ajɛya taa pacala hayʊ kɛ kela nɛ alakɩ ɖɔɖɔ camɩyɛ peeɖe mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ peeɖe wɩsɩ yaa nikaɣ yaa mbʊ payaɣ se kevengaɣ yɔ pɩmʊna ɖozɩ nzɩ.
Kadɩmɩyɔm
Kadɩmɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 48 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Cd. Kadɩmɩyɔm kɛ pɩlʊʊ 12 ŋgʊ taa pʊtʊ nɛ e-lone kɔyɔ 5. Stricto sensu kɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ ɛ-taa fɛyɩ ñɩm nabʊyʊ yɔ, nɛ IUPAC heyuu-ɖʊ se ɛɖɔŋ ɖɛzʊʊ pʊtʊnaa tɛ paɣtʊ yɔɔ. Ɛ-nɛ zɛŋkɩ pa-pɩlʊʊ kʊyʊmʊʊ, IIB waa pɩlʊʊ nɛ pa-taa peeɖe panaɣ pɛ-tɛ ñʊŋ masɩ kpaɖʊʊ yɔɔ kpaɖʊʊ yɔɔ 30Zn, 48Cd nɛ 80Hg.
Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ pɛlɛ-ɩ naʊ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe pɩnaɣ 1809 pɩtɩŋna Sʊyɛdɩ ɛyʊ ɛnɛ ɛ-yɔɔ Magnus Martin af Pontin yaa Magnus Martin Pontin, pɩtɩŋna kajalaɣ nazɩyʊ tʊmɩyɛ yɔɔ. Paha pʊtʊ ɛnʊ hɩɖɛ nɛ Caama kʊnʊŋ mbʊ se das Cadmium yaa das Kadmium pɩnaɣ 1817 ɛlɛ Goettingen Friedrich Stromeyer sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa wɩlɩyʊ hana hɩɖɛ nɖɩ alɩwaatʊ ɛtɩzaɣ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ weyi e-tomnaɣ wɛ ɖɔfɩɩ nɛ kahʊlɩmɩ yɔ kɛ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe pɩtɩŋna zɛŋkɩ kaŋwa ZnCO3 ŋgʊ kɩ-yɔɔ kaawɛ takɩŋ takɩŋ sʊtʊ lɩm sɛmɩŋ mbʊ yɔ.
Petisiɣ kadɩmɩyɔm kpʈlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊma yɔɔ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1818 alɩwaatʊ taa, ɛlɛ pɩtɩŋna Caama kpɛlɩ tʊma tɩnaa natozo nabɛyɛ yɔɔ, kajalaɣ lɛ kɔɔ pɛdɩɣ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɛkɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ nɛ tʊma sɔsɔna tʊmɩyɛ tʊ ɛlɛ yɔ Carl Hermann pɩtɩŋna zɛŋkɩ kaŋwa yɔɔ, Carl Karsten nɛ Paul Meissner yaa Paul Traugott Meißner.
Kadɩmɩyɔm wɛ sɔtʊ piŋ (ɛnʊ tɩna kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Itai-itai yɔ) nɛ tɩŋ kʊdɔmɩŋ sakɩyɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe takɩɣ taa lɛ, panaɣ se hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ ɛzɩ Fransɩɩ mbʊ yɔ, tɛtʊ natʊyʊ naa taa (ɛwadɩyɛ ajaɣa tɛ) taa kpɩnda kadɩmɩyɔm siŋ (kɛlɛ pɩɖɛʊ piŋ tɩŋ nɛ lɩm taa kpɩna). Anasaayɩ huɖe nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa wɛ mbʊ ɖɩyaɣ se fɔsɩfatɩ yɔ ɖɛzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ tɛtʊ naa sakɩyɛ.
Tɔmpiye Kadɩmɩyɔm lɩ Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa pɩnzɩ 1808/1809, ɛzɩ tomnaɣ yem weyi palɩzɩ-ɩ cadmia yaa cadmie, pɩtɩŋna Sʊyɛdɩ lɔŋsɩndʊ Magnus Martin Ponti yɔɔ, weyi ɛlɩza-ɩ pɩtɩŋna nasɩyʊ tɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ yɔɔ yɔ. Latɛŋ tɔmpiye cadmia, nɖɩ ɖɩlɩna krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se kadmeïa, kiɖe tɛ lɛ pɩkɛ zɛŋkɩ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ (kaŋwa yaa nabʊyʊ naa) pɛcɛsɛ-ɩ Thèbes cɔlɔ kpam, Kadmos yaa Cadmos kɩjaazɩ tɛtʊ taa. Ɖooo kpaɣɖʊ 13 wɛɛ taa lɛ, tɔmpiye nɖɩ Fransɩɩ kɩbɩnʊʊ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, ɖɩɩkɛ se cami.
Tɩtanɩyɔm
Tɩtanɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 22 nɛ yusaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Ti. Ɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm ɖɛzɩɣ wonuu ŋgʊ kɩfɛyɩ yuŋ yɔ, kɩwɛ tɛyɩŋ, pɩkɛ ñɩɣlɩm wonuu kʊhʊlʊmʊʊ nɛ kɩɩmʊʊ kalɩkɔdaɣ. Palakɩ tɩtanɩyɔm nɛ tʊmɩyɛ kpɛndʊʊ wondu ndʊ tɩfɛyɩ yuŋ ɛlɛ tɩwɛ tɛyɩŋ yɔ tɩ-taa, nɛ palakɩ ɛ-tɛ ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ wonuu ɛzɩ kpanjaɣ kʊlʊmʊʊ. Ɛ-tɛ nɛ tɩtanɩyɔm waa egeetiye taa ɛ-nɛ zɩrɩkɔnɩyɔm (Zr), hafɩnɩyɔm (Hf) nɛ ruteriforiniyɔm (Rf) tɛ kiŋ.
Mbʊ tɩtanɩyɔm tɔm kɩlɩ ɖeu tʊma sɔsɔna taa yɔ lɛ se ɛwɛ tɛyɩŋ nɛ ɛɛpʊkɩ nɛ piikpezi-ɩ nɛ miŋ ɛɛñakɩ-ɩ. Tɩtanɩyɔm wɛʊ yɔ, pasɩm-kʊ yɔ pɩtɩŋna layʊ sɔsɔ William Gregor yɔɔ kɩnɛ pɩnaɣ 1791, ɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ Ɛsɔ tɔm suziyʊ ɛzɩ payaʊ se pasɩtɔr yɔ Britaniki ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛlɛ ɛtakaɣ se ɛna Helford lɩm pɔɔ taa kañɩŋga kɛ Menachan kɛdɛŋga taa Cornouailles tɛtʊ taa lɛ kɛ ɛlɩza kañɩŋga kɩkpɛdaɣ, nɛ sɔnɔ ŋga payaɣ se ilmenite.