cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Claude Monet
Claude Monet kɛ Fransɩɩ tʋ. Ɛyaa sɩma-ɩ sakɩyɛ nɛ ɛ-hɩɖɛ ɖɩnɛ yɔ : Oscar-Claude Monet. Palʋlɩ-ɩ Parii tɛtʋ taa. Tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩkɛŋna Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ. Palʋla-ɩ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ naanza (14) wiye, pɩnaɣ 1840 taa. Ɛsɩba kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ kagbaanzɩ (5) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1926 taa Giverny tɛtʋ taa.
Ɖajaa Claude Monet lakaɣ tʋma sakɩyɛ. Ɛɛkɛ takayɩsɩ mayʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Egeetiye nɖɩ payaɣ ɖɩ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa size nʋmɔʋ laffɩttɛ yɔ, ɖɩ-taa paacalaɣ-ɩ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ ɛsɛwaɣ se Oscar-Claude Monet yɔ sɛʋ, pacalaɣɩ yaʋ ɖɩ. Nɛ ɛ-palaɣ egeetiyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ ɖɩ size Havɩɖɛ yɔ ɖɩ-taa.
Ɛkɛkɛ piɣa ŋgaɣ kaasɔlaɣ anjaʋ waa lɩzʋʋ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ yɔ. Ɛpaɣzɩ anjaʋ waa lɩzʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʋʋ sukili ŋgʋ payaɣ-kʋ size Fransɩɩ keɖeyaɣ tʋmɩyɛ ɖɩlaɖɛ yɔ kɩ-taa. Ɛ-wɩlɩyaa napayɛ hɩla yɔ: Jacques-Farnçois Ochard, Charles Glevre nɛ Eugène Boudin. Ɛyaa sɔsaa panɛ paɖʋna-ɩ nesi siŋŋ ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa.Mba ɖɩyaɣ pahɩlaɣ cɩnɛ yɔ, mba ɖʋnɛɣɩ nesi ɛtʋmɩyɛ labʋ taa.
Siini Koloŋa Sɔsɔɔ
Payaɣʋ se Siini koloŋa sɔsɔa yɔ pɩlɩna ka-ɖaɣlakɩŋ yɔɔ kɛ paya-kɛ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ. Pɩkɛna peeɖe sɔɔjanaa pɩlɩʊ sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩɩwɛɛ nɛ tam tɩnɛ pɔyɔkʋʋ nɛ pamaɣ yɔ. Pɩlɩʊ sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ, kɩɩwɛɛ ɖooo caanaʊ pʊcɔ nɛ palʊlʊʊ Yeesu, pɩtalɩw ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ III yaa XVII kɛ mbʊ yɔ. Paama koloŋa ŋga se paɖaŋ pa-tɩ yɔɔ nɛ Siini mba mba pɛwɛna hayi kiŋ yɔ, pataapɩzɩ nɛ pasʊʊ pɔ-yɔɔ. Pɩkɛna pɩlɩʊ ŋgʊ wiɖiyi nɔɔyʊ tapɩzɩ nɛ ɛmana e-nesi yɔ; kpaɣ kɩ-ɖaɣlakɩŋ yaa kɩ-walanzɩ nɛ kɩ-paɣlaka taa. Payaɣʊ se koloŋa sɔsɔa yɔ, pɩkɛna hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ pama ɖooo mbʋ payaɣ se Miŋ Kewiyaɣ Kɩɖɛzaɣ tɛ alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, pɩkpaɣna "Shanhaiguan" hɔɔlʊʊ taa kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se Qinhuangdao kɛ Hebei egeetiye taa. Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, pɩkpaɣna Jiayuguan kɛ Gansu hɔɔlʊʊ taa. Koloŋa ŋga, nabayɛ yɔɔdʋʋ se, ka-ɖaɣlakɩŋ kpeekpe talɩɣ kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ 700 yɔ. Ka-ɖaɣlakɩŋ yɔɔ lɛ, Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa n̄ɩma yaɣ-kɛ se Kotokiŋ hiu tɛ koloŋa; mbʊ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, kotokiŋ hiu tɔbʊʊ se mbʊ pɩfɛyɩ kamaɣ yɔ. Siini n̄ɩma tɛ mazɩtʊ taa lɛ, papɩzɩɣ pɔtɔ ɖɔɖɔ se pɩtalɩɣ mbʋ payaɣ pɛ-tɛ se "Li naa" sakɩyɛ; nɛ pakpaɣ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ 6700 yɔ pɩlakɩ pɛtɛ ɛzɩ "Li naa" 11 632 mbʋ yɔ. Pɩtasɩ lɛ, mɛtanaa 576 lakɩ ɛzɩ "Li naa" 13 400 mbʋ yɔ yaa mɛtanaa 500 ɖeyi ɖeyi. Koloŋa ŋga ka-kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ taa wɛ ɛzɩ mɛtanaa 6 yaa 7 yɔ nɛ ka-walanzɩ taa lɛ pʋwɛ ɛzɩ mɛtanaa 4 yaa 5 mbʊ yɔ. Ɖomaɣ fenaɣ taa sɔsɔ weyi ɛcɔŋna ɛsɩyɛ ekpena nɛ tɔsʊʊ yɔɔ yɔ, ɛɖaɣna koloŋa ŋga maɣzɩ nɛ ɛyɔɔdɩ camɩyɛ se koloŋa ŋga ka-ɖaɣlakɩŋ kɛ kilomɛtanaa 8 851,8. Koloŋa kʊɖʊmaɣ ŋga, paɖaɣna-kɛ maɣzʋʋ mɩsɩ kʊm fenaɣ taa nɛ pana se ka-ɖaɣlakɩŋ taa talʊ kilomɛtanaa 21 196,18. Wayɩ wayɩ maɣzʊ pʊnɛ, pɩtamna wɔɔlɩŋ weyi weyi ɛyɔkaa yɔ payɩ.
Pɩɣa nʋmʋʋ
Pɩɣa nʋmʋʋ (utérus) kɛna ɛyʋ yaa tɛtɛ kpɩna wena alʋlʋʋ pɩya kʋlʋlʋ yɔ a-tɛ halɩtʋ taa ɖenɖe pɩɣa cakɩ yɔ. Pɩɣa ɖɩcaɣyɛ kɛ halʋ taa lɛ, pɩkɛna e-kooka tɛɛ. Ɖɩcaɣyɛ nɖɩ Pɩɣa nʋmʋʋ kɛna ɛyʋ yaa tɛtɛ kpɩna wena alʋlʋʋ pɩya kʋlʋlʋ yɔ a-tɛ halɩtʋ ɖɩwɛ kodiye kamaɣ yɔɔ tɩyɛ. Lone nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa nɛ calɩm hosi sakɩyɛ. Pɩɣa nʋmʋʋ ŋgʋ kʋ-nɔsɩ yɔɔ nɛ hɩlɩŋ (ovaire) naalɛ nɛ nɛ ɩnʋ kɛna mbʋ pɩtasɩɣ pɩɣa yɔɔ hʋʋzʋ camɩyɛ yɔ.
Halʋ taa pɩɣa nʋmʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩwɛ kooka tɛɛ nɛ kɩwɛ pɩndɩcɛɛʋ (pelvis) cɔlɔ kpam. Nʋmʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩwɛ kulubi nɛ kɩwɛna hɔɔlɩŋŋ sɔsɔŋ naatozo: ɖenɖe pɩɣa cakɩ yɔ, aŋŋwa ŋgʋ kʋhʋʋzɩɣ kɔ-yɔɔ yɔ nɛ pɩtasɩna nɛ payaɣ-kʋ se sondu (col utérin). Hɔɔlɩŋ ɩnʋ hɛŋa cikpelaɣ nakayɩ wɛɛ. Pɩtɩsɩɩna alɩwaatʋ ndʋ halʋ lʋlʋʋ lɛ kɛ pɩɣa nʋmʋʋ taa huɖuu (endomètre) cɩyɩɣ nɛ kɩlɩɩ ɛlɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ halʋ yaa halɩpɩɣa kaalakɩ fenaɣ lɛ (menstruation). Fenaɣ labʋ lɛ pɩwɛ ndɩ ndɩ halaa cɔlɔ. Pɩwɛɛ se pɩsɩɩna kɩyakɩŋ 28 kɛ fenaɣ taa ɛlɛ nabayɩ ɛɛtalɩɣ mbʋ yaa pɛɖɛɛ pʋyɔɔ. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ halʋ hakɩ hɔɔ lɛ, kiluzɔnuu (fœtus) ɖɩɣna paɣlɩɣ lɛ, nʋmʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩɖɩɣna ɖɔɖɔ hou. Lʋlʋʋ wiye lɛ, pɩɣa nʋmʋʋ ŋgʋ kihou ɖoŋɖoŋ nɛ pɩsa nɛ pɩga yasɩ sɔŋdʋ nɛ kalɩɩ. Pɩɣa lɩɣ kpa lɛ, pɩɣa nʋmʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩcaŋu kɩkpɩɩsɩ-kɩtɩ nɛ fenasi naalɛ wayɩ lɛ kɩwɛʋ ɛzɩ ɖooo lɛ yɔ.
Siini
Siini ɛjaɖɛ wɛ Aazii nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ tɛtʋ taa. Toovenim lɛ, kewiisi naalɛ kpɛndɩna nɛ pɩkɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ. Nzɩɩ yɔ : "République populaire de Chine" nɛ "République de Chine". Yee pɛtɛyɩ Siini ɛjaɖɛ tɔm mɩnʋʋ yɔ, "République populaire de Chine" cɔŋnana 99,6 hɔɔlʋʋ yɔɔ. Piyele "République de Chine" n̄ɔcɔŋnana Tayiwanɩ tɛtʋ yɔɔ. Siini ɛjaɖɛ walaa pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ, ɖɩkpaɣna Pasifiki teŋgu, Pamiiri nɛ Tiyanɩ Saanɩ pɔ-hɔɔlʋʋ taa nɛ Gobi kañɩnbʊsaɣ, Himalaya pʊŋ nɛ "péninsule indochinoise" pɔ-hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Kɩwala peeɖe kilimɛtanaa 9 677 009 nabʋlɛ taa. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa lɛ, Siini samaɣ kɛcɛzɩ 1 350 miiliyɔɔ yɔɔ ("République populaire de Chine" ɖeke samaɣ cɛzɩ 1 330 miiliyɔɔ yɔɔ nɛ "République de Chine". samaɣ n̄ɛcɛzɩ 20 miiliyɔɔ yɔɔ). Kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa kɩlɩna ɖɔʋ. Pɛtɛyɩ kedeŋa yɔɔ ɛyaa tɔm kagbaanzɩ taa yɔ, pɩsakɩɣ pazɩ se Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa ɛkɛ hɔɔlʋʋ kʋɖʋmʋʋ. Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa 139,5 caɣ kilimɛta kʋɖʋmʋʋ tɔm naalɛ taa yɔɔ.
N̄ɩnʋʋ lɛɣtʋ nɛ nesi tɛɛ tʋma labʋ pa-nʋmɔʋ taa lɛ, Siini ɛjaɖɛ kɩlɩna ɖɛʋ ɛsɩndaa. Ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩn̄ɩnɩna nɛ ɖɩlɩzɩ n̄ɩɣyʋʋ ŋgʋ ɛyʋ ɛwɛ ɖoli, kɩ-ɛjɔʋ wɩlɩ-ɩ hayi kiŋ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ sɩ-ɖʋɖʋyɛ pɔ-hɔɔlɩŋ tɩŋa yɔ, ŋgʋʋ payaɣ se, buusɔɔlɩ. Ńɖɩ labɩna takayɩhayʋʋ, ńɖɩ lɩzɩna liidiye hatʋ, ńɖɩ labɩna tɔɔnaɣ ŋga payaɣ se "tɔɔnasɩ mʋtʋ" yaa "poudre à canon" yɔ. Ɛsɔ tɛɛ luŋuu nɛ kʋnʋmɩŋ taa tasʋʋ pa-nʋmɔʋ taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, Siini ɛjaɖɛ lɛɣzɩ Aasii nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ tɛtʋ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ.
Kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩna, Siini ɛjaɖɛ wɛ ajɛɛ sɔsɔna wena a-sɔnzɩ kɛwɛ ɖooo lɔŋ nɛ aɖɔkɩ sɔnzɩ ńzɩ kpam halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ yɔ. Ɖɩ-sɔnzɩ wɛʋ yɔ, pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ kudokiŋ kagbaanzɩ yɔ. Huang He kajalaŋa taa Siini sɔnzɩ n̄ɔwa. Peeye sɩkpaɣnaa nɛ sitiinɛ hadɛ kiŋ (pan̄ɩnaɣ mʋʋ Yangzi Jiang tɛtʋ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ Han kewiyaɣ alɩwaatʋ taa), sɩɖɛ ḿbʋ nɛ siwolo wɩsɩ ɖʋɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa, pan̄ɩnaɣ mʋʋ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe Aazii hɛkʋ taa hɔɔlɩŋ nɛ puwolo pɩtalɩ Teŋgu Kasɩpɩyɛɛnɩ. Pan̄ɩnaɣ mʋʋ ɖɔɖɔ Xinjiang nɛ Tibet. Sɩɖɛwa sɩkpa haŋ kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa, Qing kewiyaɣ alɩwaatʋ taa. Ɛyɔɔdaɣ Mandchoue kʋnʋŋ. Ɛnʋ mʋna Mandchourie nɛ Mongolie pɛ-tɛtʋ nɛ tɩpɩsɩ Siini n̄ɩndʋ.
Ɛyʋ ɛcɔna Siini ɛjaɖɛ tɔm taa kɔyɔ, ɛnaɣ se, yoŋ kɛwɛ tam nɛ ɛpaŋ-ɖɩ cɩyʋʋ nɛ pʋcɔ ɖɩɖaɣnɩɣ kpɛndʋʋ kʋɖʋm. Tam nabʋlɛ taa agɔma nabɛyɛ mʋ Siini ɛjaɖɛ tɩŋɛ mpilim. Mongols waa kɛlɛɣna-ɖɩ mʋʋ nɛ paba wayɩ lɛ, Mandchous waa. Ɛlɛ, wayɩ wayɩ n̄ɩma panɛ pɔkɔma palakɩ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa sɔnzɩ nɛ patɩŋɩɣna paba lɛɣtʋ nɛ pɔ-lɔŋsɩnɖɛ pɔ-yɔɔ nɛ peɖiyiɣ ɛjaɖɛ. Qing liɖe taa n̄ɩma tɔɣna wayɩ wayɩ kewiyaɣ. Pɔyɔɔdaɣ mandchoue kʋnʋŋ. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1644 taa pɔtɔɣ kewiyaɣ ŋ́ga. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ hayi kiŋ ajɛɛ n̄ɩnaɣ se amʋ kedeŋa yɔɔ tɛtʋ lɛɛtʋ nɛ ɖoŋ nɛ tadɩyɛ you kɔɔ kɩlɩɩ yɔ, Siini tuzi Qing liɖe taa n̄ɩma kewiyaɣ nɛ kɔtɔlɩ. Siini ɛjaɖɛ wabʋ Japɔŋ sɔɔjanaa you sɔsɔʋ ŋgʋ kɩɩlɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe pɩnaɣ 1945 yɔ, ajɛɛ lɛɛna tatasɩ ɖʋʋ nɔɔ pɔ-tɔm taa.
Politiiki nʋmɔʋ taa lɛ, sɔnɔ kewiisi naalɛ ɖɔkɩna Siini ɛjaɖɛ. Nzɩɩ yɔ : "République populaire de Chine", nɖɩɩ payaɣ se, Siini ɛjaɖɛ. Ɛyaa mɩnʋʋ yɔɔ lɛ, ɖɩ-ɛyaa kpɛndɩ ɛyaa 98 nɛ pɛtɛyɩ Siini tɛtʋ tɔm mɩnʋʋ yɔ, ɖɩkpa 99,6 hɔɔlʋʋ tɩŋa. Ɖiyiyu Mao Zedong ɖʋna-ɖɩ pɩnaɣ 1949, Pékin tɛtʋ taa. Ɖiyiyu ɛnʋ, ɛ-lɩmaɣza kɛkɛ se, ɛjaɖɛ n̄ɩm ɛkɛ paa weyi ɛ-n̄ɩm. "Chine continentale" nɛ Hɔŋ Kɔŋ nɛ "Macao" pɛkpɛndɩna nɛ pɩkɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1978 kɛ lɛɣzɩtʋ ndɩ ndɩ lɩ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa. "Deng Xiaoping" nɛ ɛ-wayɩ n̄ɩma pɔkɔŋna lɛɣzɩtʋ ńdʋ. "PetroChina" pɩsɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe tɔsʋʋ nɛ liidiye kpou.
Piyele nɛ "République de Chine", ŋgʋʋ payaɣ se, Tayiwanɩ; kʋkʋ ɛyaa kɛɣ naalɛ ɖeke koŋ Siini ɛjaɖɛ ɛyaa mɩnʋʋ yɔɔ nɛ pɛtɛyɩ Siini ɛjaɖɛ tɔm mɩnʋʋ yɔ, kɩkpakɩɣ 0,4 hɔɔlaɣ. N̄ʋʋdʋ "Tchang Kaï" ɖiyiɣna Tayiwanɩ kewiyaɣ ɖooo pɩnzɩ sakɩyɛ yɔ. Nɛ ɖooo Siini ɛjaɖɛ wabʋ Saapɔɔ sɔɔjanaa yɔ, Tayiwanɩ tɛtʋ yɔɔ ɛcaɣa. "Sun Yat-sen ɖʋna kajalaɣ "République de Chine" "Pékin" tɛtʋ taa, pɩnaɣ 1912 n̄ɩŋa taa alɩwaatʋ ndʋ Qing kewiyaɣ tɔlaa yɔ.
Mandarɛɛ kʊnʊŋ
Mandarɛɛ kɩtɩzɩnaʊ Siini kɛlɛʊ, sɔnzɩ tɛ Sinii, matʊ taa lɛ, kɩ-kɛ ɖama tɛ kʊnʊŋ yaa Han waa tɛ kʊnʊŋ. Mandarɛɛ kʊnʊŋ kɛ Sinii ɛjaɖɛ tɛ kewiyaɣ kʊnʊŋ, Tayɩwanɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ Sɛŋgapuuri ɛjaɖɛ taa. Pʊyɔɔ lɛ, kɩ-wɛna yɔɔdaɣ tɛ paɣtʊ nɛ tɔm cɔɔlʊʊ tɛ paɣtʊ. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ- kʊ pɩtɛ lɛ, pawɩlɩʊ-kʊ sukuuli na taa. Paapɩzɩɣ pesidi-kʊ nɛ Mandarɛɛ ŋgʊ kɩ-maɣmɑɣ, wade : ganhua kewiyaɣ tɛ kʊnʊŋ. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ nɛ Hayi kɩŋ nɛ hɛkʊ taa nɛ Hadɛ Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa Sinii kedeŋga taa. Sɩnuwa Mandarɛɛ ŋgʊ payaɣ tam se Sɩnuwa yɔ kɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe taa yɔ pɩlɩna Sinii samaɣ tɛ ɖɔʊ cɔlɔ nɛ Sinii tɛ ɛyaa mɩzɩ ajɛyɛ lɛɛna taa nɛ tadɩyɛ labʊ nɛ Sinii ɛjaɖɛ nɛ kɩ-tɛ kpaka huu nɛ Sinii ɛsakuliye hɔɔlʊʊ taa.
Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, yee pa sɔnɔ pawɩlɩɣ Mandarɛɛ kʊnʊŋ Sɩnuwa tɩŋga yɔ, Sɩnuwa waa akpadɩyaa ɛyɔɔdʊʊ Mandarɛɛ kʊnʊŋ pa-tɩŋnɛ. Ɛlɛ, Mandarɛɛ tɛ yɔɔdɔɔsɩ yaa Sɩnuwa waa tɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ ɛzɩ Kantɔnɛ yaa Shanghaien (Han waa tɛ kʊnʊŋ) yaa kʊnʊmɩŋ agbela lɛɛna ɛzɩ weyi pɔyɔɔdɩ-ɩ ɛyaa tɩmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa Sinii, Tibétain nɛ Mongol nɛ Mandchou nɛ Tadjik nɛ Ouigour… Mandarɛɛ, Sinii samaɣ ɛjaɖɛ tɛ kpɛndɛ ŋgbɛ ñʊntɩna tɔŋ se kɩ-kɛ ɖama hɛkʊʊ taa kʊnʊŋ pɛ-tɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Pʊyɔɔ yɔ payaɣ-kʊ se samaɣ kʊnʊŋ, kɩ-kɛ kajalaɣ Sinii ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Hayi nɛ kewiyaɣ tɛ kʊnʊŋ. Paa kɩwɛna ɖɔɖɔ ɖooo canaʊ tɔm kɩmamatʊ yɔ, kɩ-talɩna Sɩnuwa cɔlɩɩ ŋgʊ cɔlɔ, matʊ nɛ lʊbʊtʊ. Kʊnɛ nɩyɔ peyeba-kʊ pɩnaɣ 1919 Guomindang kewiyaɣ nɛ Sinii ɛjaɖɛ alɩwaatʊ taa. Pʊwayi pɛtɛm-kʊ labɩnaʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɛzɩ kewiyaɣ takayaasɩ taa kʊnʊŋ nɛ kʊnʊŋ kɩmamaʊ pɩnzɩ kudokiŋ nɩɩlɛ nɛ pʊyɔɔ mbʊ lɛ, kɩpɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ kɛlɛʊ ɛzɩ Mandarɛɛ tɩŋgʊ mbʊ yɔ.
Takayaɣ kiɖeɖeɣa
Takayaɣ Kiɖeɖeɣa kɛŋna takayaɣ ŋga ka-taa tɔm talɩɩna ɛyʊ nɔɔ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ, tɔm ndʊ Ɛsɔ mamaɣ yɔɔdaa yɔ, ndʊʊ pama ka-taa. Yuuda n̄ɩma Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɛ Krɩstʊ n̄ɩma Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ n̄ɩnɖɛ tisa tɩ-yɔɔ. Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ aŋgba ndɩ ndɩ pɩzɩɣ acɔlɩ Takayaɣ Kiɖeɖeɣa taa tɔm ɛzɩ paa ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-paɣtʊ pɔzʊʊ yɔ. Ɛlɛ, tɔm ndʊ pama takayɩsɩ nzɩ sɩwɛ Takayaɣ Kiɖeɖeɣa taa Yuuda n̄ɩma Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ, tɩwɛ ndɩ nɛ ndʊ pama Krɩstʊ n̄ɩma Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ.
Payaɣ Hebre n̄ɩma Takayaɣ Kiɖeɖeɣa se « TaNaKh ». Pɛtɛyɩ-kɛ hɔɔlɩŋ naadozo. Kajalaɣ hɔɔlʊʊ payaɣ se « Torah ». Ɛsɔ tɛ paɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ pama kɩ-taa. Hɔɔlʊʊ naalɛ n̄ɩŋgʊ payaɣ se «Nevi'im» waa. Hɔɔlʊʊ kʊnɛ kɩ-taa pɛkɛdɩ nayaa yaa lɔɔyɩsɩ tɩnaa tɔm. Hɔɔlʊʊ naadozo n̄ɩŋgʊ payaɣ se « Ketouvim » waa. Tɔm lɛɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ pama hɔɔlʊʊ kʊnɛ kʊkʊ taa. Pɛɖɛzɩ Ebree n̄ɩma Takayaɣ Kiɖeɖeɣa nɛ Krɛɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ kɩbɩnʊʊ taa Alɛkɩsandrii tɛtʊ taa. Ndʊ pɛɖɛzɩ mbʊ yɔ payaɣ se «Septante». Sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ se Jérôme de Stridon yɔ, ɛtɩŋna tɔm ndʊ pɛɖɛzɩ mbʊ yɔ tɩ-yɔɔ nɛ ɛpɩzɩ ɛtɛzɩ Takayaɣ Kiɖeɖeɣa taaa tɔm ɖɛzʊʊ nɛ latɛɛnɩ kʊnʊŋ taa. Takayaɣ Kiɖeɖeɣa taa tɔm ndʊ ɛɖɛzɩ mbʊ yɔ payaɣ se «Vulgate ». Tɩ-yɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ mba payaɣ-wɛ se «Slaavʊ waa» yɔ, pɔ-tɔm mʊyaa tɩŋnaa nɛ paba ɖɛzɩ Takayaɣ Kiɖeɖeɣa taa tɔm nɛ caanaʊ Slaavʊ kʊnʊŋ taa. Pɔ-tɔm mʊyaa mbaa yɔ ɖajaa Cyrille nɛ ɖajaa Méthode.
Ebree n̄ɩma Takayaɣ kiɖeɖeɣa ŋga payaɣ se Tanakh yɔ, Krɩstʊ n̄ɩma Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ n̄ayaɣ se Nɔɔ Haʊ Kɩbɩm Takayaɣ. Krɩstʊ n̄ɩma Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ Takayaɣ Kiɖeɖeɣa taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ Nɔɔ Haʊ Kɩfam Takayaɣ. Nɔɔ Haʊ kɩfam Takayaɣ taa pɛkɛdɩ Yeesu Krɩstʊ tɔm. Pɛkɛdɩ ka-taa ɖɔɖɔ Yeesuu Nazarɛɛɩ tʊ tɛ apostolowaa tɔm sakɩyɛ. Pɛtɛyɩ Nɔɔ Haʊ kɩfam takayaɣ hɔɔlɩŋ naanaza.
Kajalaɣ hɔɔlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ Laŋhɛzɩyɛ Tɔm kɩbandʊ ndʊ ɖa-Kɩpaɣlʊ Yeesu Krɩstʊ susaɣ yɔ. Mayaa naanaza mana-tʊ. Mba yɔ : Hɔɔlʊʊ naalɛ n̄ɩŋgʊ n̄ɛkɛdɩɣ Yeesu Tɔm mʊyaa tɔma labʊ tɔm. Hɔɔlʊʊ naanaza n̄ɩŋgʊ n̄a wɩlɩɣ-ɖʊ takayɩsɩ ndɩ ndɩ nzɩ Yeesu tɔm mʊyaa nabɛyɛ mawa yɔ. Kɛdɛzaɣ hɔɔlʊʊ n̄ɔyɔɔdʊʊna-ɖʊ kpaagbaa alɩwaatʊ yaa ɛjaɖɛ tɛm tɔm. Ɛsɔ kulina tɩ-yɔɔ nɛ ɛwɩlɩ mayʊ Yohanɛɛsɩ nɛ ɛlɛ ma-tʊ. Pama Nɔɔ Haʊ kɩbɩm takayaɣ nɛ pɩla kpaɖɩŋ lutozo nɛ pʊcɔ palʊlɩ ɖa- n̄ʊʊ yaɖʊ Yeesu Krɩstʊ. Palʊla-ɩ nɛ kpaɖʊʊ kʊɖʊmʊʊ yaa naalɛ n̄ɩŋgʊ kiɖe tɛɛ lɛ, pama Nɔɔ Haʊ kɩfam takayaɣ.
Nimasi fɛyɩ kaŋgalafu heyinau
Nimasi fɛyɩ kaŋgalafu heyinau (Radiodiffusion), kɛna tiyinau heyuu mayaa pɩtɩŋgɩna sɩɣlʋʋ piɖe yɔ. Sɩɣlʋʋ piɖe payaɣna Fransɩ kʋnʋŋ yɔɔdɩtʋ taa kɛlɛʋ size "ondes électromagnétiques". Kɩwaza keekee kɛlɛ lɛlɛʋ size, samaɣ ɛnɩɩ kpaɣkpaɣ kɛ mbʋ pɩɖɔŋ labʋ yɔ.
Sɩɣlʋʋ piɖe yekina nɛ, ɛyʋ kʋɖʋm nɩɩɩ camɩyɛ tɔm kiheyitu yaa sakɩyɛ pɩzɩ panɩ camɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ tɔm kiheyitu ndʋ. Tʋmɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ, ɖɩpɩzʋʋ ɖitiyina wiliuu yaa tiliuu. Nɖɩ yekine nɛ nimasi fɛyɩ kaŋgalafu heyinau kʋnɛ, kɩnɩʋ taa tiliuu wɛ ɖoŋ yaa tɔtɔsɩɩ.
Televisiyɔɔ wɛ camɩyɛ pɩtɩŋgɩna yaa pɩlɩna sɩɣlʋʋ piɖe (ondes électromagnétiques) ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-yɔ. Wɛɖɩʋ ŋgʋ, kɩkɛna nimasi fɛyɩ kaŋgalafu yɔɔdɩnaʋ yaa nimasi fɛyɩ polindaa yɔɔdɩnaʋ.
Marilyn Monroe
Marilyn Monroe kɛ halʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛkɛ Amerika ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa tʋ. Palʋla-ɩ mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ taa kɩyakʋ kajalaɣ (1) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye kɛ pɩnaɣ 1926 n̄ɩŋga taa.
Egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa palʋla-ɩ yɔ, nɖɩ payaɣ size Los Angeles. Ɖoɖoo Marilyn Monroe ɛnɛ, ɛsɩba Los Angeles egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ taa kɩyakʋ kagbanzɩ (5) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye pɩnaɣ 1962 n̄ɩŋga taa. Ɖoɖoo sɔsɔ Marilyn Monroe kɛ lakɩyaɣ tʋmɩyɛ laɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ Amerika nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa. Eteu ɖɔɖɔ wendu pɩtatɩɩ fɛyɩ naʋ.
Amerika ɛjaɖɛ halʋ sɔsɔ ɛnɛ, eteu wendu ɛzɩ ɔgɔlɩmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ yɔ. Ɛ-nɔɔ taa wɛ leleŋ pɩfɛyɩ pɔyɔɔdɩ. Ɛkɛ halʋ weyi ɛsɔɔla aleɣya pɩtatɩfɛyɩ naʋ siŋŋ yɔ.
Maputo
Maputo kɛna Moozambiki ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ nɛ tɩkɛna ɖɔɖɔ Afrika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ natʊyʊ. Ɛndɩ teŋgu wadɩɣ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-yɔɔ nɛ tɩna Afrika nɛ Hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ pazɩna ɖama kamɑɣ ɛzɩ kimlomɛtanaa 77 yɔ. Payaɣʊ se Maputo yɔ, ɖooo lɛlaɣ fenaɣ 3 pɩnaɣ 1976 taa; payaɣa se Telagowa.
Puyenezɛrɩ
Puyenozɛrɩ kɛna Arzantiini ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ nɖʊ tɩ-taa ɖeu nɛ ndʊ ɖɔɖɔ kɛŋna peeɖe tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ. Amerika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ kpeekpe ta payɩ lɛ, Sao Poolo tɛtʊ wayɩ, Puyenezɛrɩ ñɩndʊ taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔɖɔ. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔdɔ lɛ, pakpaɣ tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ hiu nɛ looɖo (16) wena a-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ kɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa kɔyɔ, Puyenezɛrɩ ñɩndʊ wɛ a-taa. Pɩnaɣ 2005 taa pɔcɔnaa nɛ pana yaa pamazɩ se kaakaa pɩnaɣ 2015 lɛ peeɖe ɛyaa talɩ miliyɔɔnaa 3 090 900.
Maputo
Ɖooo lɛ Maputo kaakɛŋna teŋʊ naalɛ ŋgʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-yɔɔ tuuɖe taa wondu kɩlaɣ kʊm yɔ kɛ Afrika kpeekpe taa; kacalaɣ ñɩŋgʊ lɛ Turibaŋ. Mbʊ pakɩlʊ pɛdɩɣ nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna yɔ mbʊ lɛ: pɩzatʊ, sikiri, kromiiti, taŋgbak nɛ nikaɣ tokonaa.
Puyenezɛrɩ
Puyenezɛrɩ tɛtʊ kpeekpe taa nɛ pɩtasɩna tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-tɛ egeetiye nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Puyenezɛrɩ Sɔsɔʊ yɔ, pɩ-taa ɛyaa kpeekpe kpɛnda miliyɔɔnaa hiu nɛ naanza nɛ hɔɔlɩʊ (14 500 000). Pamazɩ Puyenezɛrɩ tɛtʊ lɛ tɩ-walanzɩ taa maɣna kilomɛtanaa agbapa 305. Puyenezɛrɩ tɛtʊ taa ɛyaa tɛ cazɔnaa nabayɩ kɔyɔ Ɛsɩpaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa mba nɛ lɛɛba ñalɩna Italii. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa ɛyaa mba palakɩ katolika tɛ cɔɔcɩ yɔ, mba kɩlɩna ɖɔʊ.
Maputo
Pɩnaɣ 1858 paakalɩ ɛyaa lɛ, paakpɛnda ɛyaa 888 ɖeke nɛ pa-taa lɛ yomaa kaakɩla ɛzɩ 400 yɔ, pɩnzɩ hiu wayɩ lɛ, ɛyaa kaawɛ 2 401 nɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lɛ ɛyaa kʊlʊmaa kaawɛ ɛzɩ 90 yɔ; pɩnaɣ 1920 taa lɛ ɛyaa kɩkpɛɛda kaaɖɔɔ nɛ pɛkpɛnda 9 445 nɛ kʊlʊmaa kɛ 8 304. Pɩnaɣ 2007 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 1 099 102 yɔ ɛlɛ yee pɛkpɛndɩna ageeta wena acɔ tɛtʊ ndʊ nɛ ataa yɔ ɛyaa ɖɛ ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa naalɛ yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 2008 taa patasɩ-wɛ kalʊʊ lɛ, ɛyaa kpɛnda 1 870 000. Kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pɔyɔɔɖɩɣ peeɖe yɔ ɛnʊ lɛ: Pɔrɩtiigɛɛ, ikisizaŋganaa, rɔŋga, sopii nɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ nɩyɛ. Payaɣ Maputo malika yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ kɩfalʊ se David Simango (Frelimo).
Puyenezɛrɩ
Puyenezɛrɩ tɛtʊ taa kɛ teŋu ŋgʊ hɔɔlʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɩla paɣlʊ yɔ kɩwɛ nɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ kɛ politiki nɛ ɛsɩndaa wobu tʊma kɩla wɛʊ. Pɩnaɣ 1536 taa kɛ sɔdɩŋ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Mendoza tɛ Pedro nɛ Garay taa Juan yɔ pɔñɔza Puyenezɛrɩ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ. Ɛlɛ Mendoza tɛ Pedro kaapazɩna lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1536 pʊcɔ nɛ ɛtaabalʊ Garay taa Juan ñasɩna-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1580.
Claude Ptolémée
Palʋla Claude Ptolémée Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ taa kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 90 waa taa. Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ, ɖɩ-taa ɛcaɣ e-wezuu Alexandrie tɛtʋ taa. Ɛsɩba ɖɔɖɔ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa pɩnaɣ 168 n̄ɩŋga taa. Paa pɩɩla we ɛkɛɣ Room tʋ. Ɛlaba mbʋ payaɣ se "Asitronomii" yɔ, ɛla mbʋ payaɣ se "maatematiki" yɔ, ɛla mbʋ payaɣ se "jeyografii" yɔ nɛ ɛtɛ ɛla ɖɔɖɔ mbʋ payaɣ se "asitroloogii" yɔ. Toovenum lɛ, patapazɩ patɩlɩ e-wezuu caɣʋ siŋŋ.
Claude Ptolémée ma "siyansɩ" takayɩsɩ sakɩyɛ. Anasaayɩnaa tɩŋna ɛ-takayɩsɩ naalɛ nasɩyɛ yɔɔ nɛ pɛlɛɣzɩ pa-"sɩyansɩ" naa sakɩyɛ. Ɛma lɛɛka nɛ ɛkɛdɩ ka-taa "asitronomii" tɔm nɛ lɛɛka taa lɛ, ɛyɔɔdɩ kaka taa "matematiki" tɔm. Ɛma ɖɔɖɔ lɛɛka nɛ ɛtazɩ kaka taa Grɛɛkɩ nɛ Room pɛ-tɛtʋ wɛ wɛtʋ ndʋ yɔ pʋ-tɔm.
Suwahilii kʊnʊŋ
Suwahilii kʊnʊmɩŋ kɛ Afrika Wɩsɩ ɖʊɖʊyɛ ɛyaa mba ɖɩyaɣ se Pantʊ waa yɔ tɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩwɛna wɛtʊ kʊyʊmtʊ nɛ tɔmpe taa nɩɣʊ kʊyʊmʊ mbʊ piyeki nɛ kɩnɩyaa nɩɣ ɖama tɔm ndɩ ndɩ kʊnʊmɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-tɛ agbeela taa yɔ. Mbʊ lɛ, ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩtɔ se kʊnʊmɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-tɛ ɖama tɛ nɩɣ wɛ kʊyʊmʊm kɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ ɖɔɔ sakɩyɛ.
Kʊnʊmɩŋ ɛnɩ ɛ-ta lɛ, ŋgʊ pakɩlɩ labɩnaʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ yɔ nɛ kɩ-kɩlɩ tɔyʊʊ yɔ ŋgʊ lɛ, kiSiwahilii. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlɩ yɔɔdʊʊ Afrika kedeŋga yɔɔ. kiSiwahilii kʊnʊŋ kɛ ɖama hɛkʊ taa kʊnʊŋ Afrika Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa egeetiye kɩ-walɩyɛ naɖɩ taa. Kɩ-kɛ ɛjaɖɛ tɛ kʊnʊŋ ajɛyɛ a-nɛ a-ta Keniya nɛ Ugandaa nɛ kɩ-kɛ Tanzani ɛjaɖɛ kewiyaɣ kʊnʊŋ. Malɩŋ ɛsɔ sɛyɛ ŋgbɛyɛ taa mba mba pɛkɛ tadɩyɛ laɖa kedeŋga kpɛŋga yɔ yɔ yɛlɩɩna Suwahilii kʊnʊŋ nɛ kedeŋga taa kɩŋ, kpaɣ tadɩyɛ lona tɩŋga payi yɔ Yoma lona taa payi ɖenɖe kɩ-pɩsa ɖama hɛkʊ taa kʊnʊŋ yɔ. Kpaɖɩŋ sakɩyɛ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, kɩ-pɩsɩ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩna ajɛyɛ tɛ wɛʊ taa nɛ Keniya nɛ Tanzaani ajɛya ndɩ ndɩ wena lɩm cɔɔ nɛ pɩta yɔ. Kpaɣ kpaɖʊ 14 nɛ kpaɖʊ 17 hɛkʊ taa lɛ, Suwahilii yɔɔdɔɔsɩ sakɩyɛ kpaɣ Pɔrɩtɩgɛɛ kʊnʊŋ tɔmpe. Kʊnʊmɩŋ sakɩyɛ ʊnʊ yɔ fɛyi kedeŋga ɖoŋ ɛzɩ lʊlʊʊ taa kʊnʊmɩŋ yɔ ɛlɛ, palakɩnɛ-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɛzɩ ɖama hɛkʊ taa kʊnʊmɩŋ yɔ.
Kpaɖʊ 19 alɩwaatʊ taa kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ labɩnaʊ wala pʊsʊ kedeŋga nɛ ka-taa kɩŋ yɔ. Kpaɣ Uganda nɛ Ruwandaa nɛ Purundi nɛ sɔnɔ Kɔŋgo Kinsasa ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Santrafriki. Ɛsɔ tɔm yɛlɩnɩyaa lakɩna-kʊ tʊmɩyɛ Ɛsɔ tɔm susu nɔmɔʊ taa. Suwahilii kʊnʊŋ wɛna masɩ nɛ matʊ ɖooo kpaɖɩŋ sakɩyɛ. Kiɖe tɛ lɛ, Arabɩ masɩ nɛ, ɖooo kpaɖʊ 19 alɩwaatʊ tɛmtʊ taa lɛ, Latɛŋ masɩ.
Siini sɔnzɩ
Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa sɔnzɩ calɩ n̄ɔʋ. Pɩtala ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 4000 yɔ pɩɖɛɛ sɔnzɩ lɩʋ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ. Siini tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ sɔsɔtʋ taa sɔnzɩ calɩ lɩʋ. Tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩ-cɔlɔ ageeta tasɩmda sɔnzɩ.
Ɛyaa tɩŋna lɩmaɣza sɔsɔna naayɛ yɔɔ nɛ pɩla se sɔnzɩ n̄ɔ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɖooo Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa sɔsaa lakaɣ mbʋ payaɣ se "chamatique" nɛ "confucianisme" nɛ "taoïsme" nɛ buudiyism yɔ. Lakasɩ nzɩ sɩ-yɔɔ pɩtɩŋnaa nɛ pɩla se sɔnzɩ ndɩ ndɩ lɩ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa. Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa peeye ɛyaa nɩnɩ ɖama nɛ pama kʋnʋŋ kʋɖʋmʋʋ nɛ paa weyi ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛkalʋʋ-kʋ nɛ ɛnɩɣ. Toovenum lɛ, ɛyaa yɔɔdʋʋ ŋsʋlʋma ndɩ ndɩ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa, ɛlɛ kʋnʋŋ kʋɖʋmʋʋ pamaa nɛ paa Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyʋ weyi ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛkalʋʋ-kʋ nɛ ɛnɩɣ kʋ-tɔbʋʋ. Mbʋ sɩŋna-wɛ nɛ papɩzɩ pɛwɛɛna pɔ-sɔnzɩ.
Samaɣ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ se Moghol yɔ kamʋna Siini ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖoŋ nɛ kan̄azɩɣ-ɖɩ. Samaɣ ŋga kalɩna Siini ɛjaɖɛ nɛ hayi kiŋ nɛ kowolo kamʋ Siini tɛtʋ. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ kɛwɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-taa yɔ, kalakaɣ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa sɔnzɩ. Halɩ patɩŋaɣna mbʋ Siini ɛjaɖɛ komina kaɖʋwa yɔ pɩ-yɔɔ nɛ peɖiyiɣ ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ. Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa sɔnzɩ kpaɣ ɖoŋ nɛ pɩkpaɣ.
Nimiye
Nimiye patasaɣ payaɣ yaa pɛcɛla hɩɖɛ ɖɔɖɔ size mɩnʋʋ. Mɩnʋʋ yaa nimiye kɛna tomnaɣ yaa wonuu kɩɖaɣlʋʋ nakʋyʋ ŋgʋ kɩwɛ lɛbɛ lɛbɛ, nɛ kɩwɛ ɖoŋ nɛ kɩwɛtʋ taa wɛ kulukulu yɔ. Nimiye nɖɩ, ɖɩkɛ pɩzatʋ ndʋ tɩwɛ mɩlɩ mɩlɩ mɩlɩ mɩlɩtʋ lʋtʋ yɔ.
Mɩnʋʋ yaa nimiye nɖɩ, ɖɩlɩtʋ tɩŋgɛ payɛ kɛ pɛgbɛnda nɛ payaɣ size "toron". Ɛwadɩyɛ yɔɔ nʋmɔʋ woɖa tɛ mɛlɛ tɛ nima paya size "filin" nɛ "cordage". Nima yaa mɩnɩŋ ɛnɛ, akɛna n̄ɩɣlɩm nima sɔsɔna nayɛ.
Mɩnʋʋ yaa nima ana, palʋ n̄ɛ nɛ n̄ɩɣlɩm wondu, nɛ palakɩyɛ nɛ ɛwadɩyɛ nʋmɔʋ woɖa tɛ mɛlɛ taa kɛ tʋmɩyɛ. Pɩtɛ nima ana payaɣ size "câble" nɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa. Nima lʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ payaɣna fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "corderie". Weyi ɛlɛ lʋʋ nima yɔɔ payaɣ size "cordier".
Nima wondu kʋlʋtʋ natʋyʋ hɩla kɔyɔ : puuyu pɩzatʋ (coton), nɛ pɩtasɩna taŋgbaka (sisal), nɛ pɩtasɩna mbʋ payaɣna fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "chanvre commun" nɛ "chanvre de Man" ɖɔɖɔ yɔ.
Eswatini
Eswatini kɛna Afrika nɛ hɛkʊ nɛ hɛna kʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ Afrika Hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Mozambiki ayajɛ hɛkʊ taa. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ ajɛya wena atatɩɩwalɩɣ yɔ a-taa. Kpaɣna hayi pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩna hadɛ payɩ mbʊ yɔ pɩdɛɖɛɛ kilomɛtanaa 200 nɛ pɩkpaɣna wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ piholo pɩsɩɩna xɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ mbʊ yɔ pɩwɛɛ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 130 mbʊ yɔ. Hɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kɛ pʊŋ maɣza wɛʊ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa mbʊ yɔ, pɩmaɣza wɛʊ landammm.
Lʊŋɩyɛ taa wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa nikaɣ wɛɛ piyele nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa kpem lɛ pɩfɛyɩ yɔɔdɩɣ, soŋgaɣ wɛɛ sɩŋŋŋ nɛ wisɩ hohowu pɩzɩɣ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ 400C yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yolim taa tɛʊ tɔŋ se kɩnɩɣ lɛ kɩnɩʊ sɩŋŋŋ nɛ pɩpɩzɩɣ pʊsʊʊ tɛtʊ nɛ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ mɛtanaa naalɛ mbʊ yɔ. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ Suwazilandɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ ŋgʊ lɛ Sisuwazi nɛ Aŋgilisi kɛlɛ naalɛ ŋgʊ.
Suwazilandɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa kpɛdɩ kutokiŋ 95 nɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Mbabanɩ. Ɖooo lɛ Piritaniki ɛjaɖɛ kakpacayaɣ nɛ Suwazilandɩ nɛ salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ looɖo pɩnaɣ 1968 lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ. Peeɖɛ awiya kandɩɣna ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ nɛ payaɣ ɖɩ-wiyao se Mswati III.
Siini caanaʋ tɔm
Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa sɔnzɩ calɩ n̄ɔʋ. Pɩtala ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 4000 yɔ pɩɖɛɛ sɔnzɩ lɩʋ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ. Siini tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ sɔsɔtʋ taa sɔnzɩ calɩ lɩʋ. Tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩ-cɔlɔ ageeta tasɩmda sɔnzɩ.
Ɛyaa tɩŋna lɩmaɣza sɔsɔna naayɛ yɔɔ nɛ pɩla se sɔnzɩ n̄ɔ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɖooo Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa sɔsaa lakaɣ mbʋ payaɣ se "chamatique" nɛ "confucianisme" nɛ "taoïsme" nɛ Buudiyism yɔ. Lakasɩ nzɩ sɩ-yɔɔ pɩtɩŋnaa nɛ pɩla se sɔnzɩ ndɩ ndɩ lɩ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa. Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa peeye ɛyaa nɩnɩ ɖama nɛ pama kʋnʋŋ kʋɖʋmʋʋ nɛ paa weyi ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛkalʋʋ-kʋ nɛ ɛnɩɣ. Toovenum lɛ, ɛyaa yɔɔdʋʋ ŋsʋlʋma ndɩ ndɩ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa, ɛlɛ kʋnʋŋ kʋɖʋmʋʋ pamaa nɛ paa Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyʋ weyi ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛkalʋʋ-kʋ nɛ ɛnɩɣ kʋ-tɔbʋʋ. Mbʋ sɩŋna-wɛ nɛ papɩzɩ pɛwɛɛna pɔ-sɔnzɩ.
Samaɣ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ se Moghol yɔ kamʋna Siini ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖoŋ nɛ kan̄azɩɣ-ɖɩ. Samaɣ ŋga kalɩna Siini ɛjaɖɛ nɛ hayi kiŋ nɛ kowolo kamʋ Siini tɛtʋ. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ kɛwɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-taa yɔ, kalakaɣ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa sɔnzɩ. Halɩ patɩŋaɣna mbʋ Siini ɛjaɖɛ komina kaɖʋwa yɔ pɩ-yɔɔ nɛ peɖiyiɣ ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ. Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa sɔnzɩ kpaɣ ɖoŋ nɛ pɩkpaɣ.
Arɩsɛnɩkɩ
Arɩsɛnɩkɩ kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 33 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ As. Ɛkɛ pɩkɩtɔnɔzɛnɩ waa tɛ pʊtʊ nɔyʊ. Ɛ nɛ ñɩɣlɩm wondu nɛ wondu ndʊ tɩtɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm ñɩndʊ yɔ pakpaɣ ɖama, kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa lɛ pakpaɣ arɩsɛnɩkɩ ɛzɩ ñɩɣlɩm wonuu hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ ŋgʊ, nɛ ɛwɛ ɛzɩ pʊtʊ weyi pata-ɩ ñɩɣlɩm wonuu yɔɔ kɔyɔ kileɖi caŋ yɔ ɛlɛ ɛtɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ weyi paɖʊyɩ ñɩɣlɩm wonduu taa yɔ.
Ɛ-hɩɖɛ lɩna siriyaki ܠܐ ܙܐܦܢܝܐ (al) zarniqa, ɖɩlɩna pɛrɩsanɩ زرنيخ zarnikh nɛ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se sʊtʊ lɩm nɛ sʊlɩfʊrɩ kpɛndʊʊ mayaɣ (pɩɩkɛ sʊlɩfʊrɩ keeke ŋgʊ palakanaɣ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ pataɣ krɛkɩ kɩbɩnɩɣ ɛyaa yɔ). Pakpaɣ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ nɛ krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se arsenikon (ἀρσενικόν), nɛ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ tɔmɩŋ taa ɖɩwɛ ɛzɩ krɛkɩ maɣmaɣ tɔm yɔ arsenikos (ἀρσενικός nɛ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se weyi ɛwakɩ kɩɖekɛdɩm yɔ pɩlɩna ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛ-tɛ sɔtʊ ɖɔŋ yɔ).
Pʊrɔnzɩ kɩbɩnɩɣ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, kɩbɩnjaazɩ tɔm kpɛlɛkɩyaa na se kpɛndɩtʊ natʊyʊ wɛ pʊrɔnzɩ taa pɩtɩŋna cuviri nɛ arɩsɛnɩkɩ yɔ, nɛ payaa wɛɛ ana se pʊrɔnzɩ nɛ arɩsɛnɩkɩ wɛɛ. Palakanaɣ-ɩ tʊmɩyɛ ɛzɩ pʊtʊ weyi ɛwɛ ɖoŋ nɛ ɛsɔzʊʊ ñɩɣlɩsɩɣ ñɩɣlɩm wondu yɔɔ yɔ.
Scheele tɩŋ hatʊ kpɛdɩŋ pɩtɩŋna arɩsɛnɩkɩ cuwiviri tɛ ŋgʊ, ŋgʊ Carl Wilhelm Scheele laba pɩnaɣ 1775 alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ, lɛɛza kuwiviri kaŋwa tɩŋ hatʊ sɛmɩŋ kpanjaɣ. Akalɩŋ kpanjaɣ, ɛ sɛzɩɣ takayɩ hatʊ, piyaa aleɣya wondu nɛ pɛleʒɩ-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ Scweinfurt tɩŋ hatʊ sɛmɩŋ ndʊ tɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ sɔtʊ yɔ.
Pɩɣyɩyaa tɛ ɖanʊʊ cɔlʊʊ yaa lɛɛzɩtʊ (Réforme protestante)
Tʊmɩyɛ ɖɩnɛyɔ ɖɩpaɣza tʊda kpaɣna kpaɣɖʊ 15 alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ kɩwa kpaɣɖʊ 16 alɩwaatʊ taa, pɩɣyɩyaa tɛ ɖanʊʊ cɔlʊʊ yaa pɩɣyɩyaa tɛ lɛɛzɩtʊ pɩkɛ sɔlɩm tʊmɩyɛ ndɩ ɖɩpɔza se papɩsɩ kiɖe tɛ Krɩstʊ yɔɔ tisiɣ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ pɩtɩŋna pɩtɛ walʊʊ yɔɔ lɛ, pɩkɛ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛyʊ etisi Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ yɔɔ ɛlɛzɩɣ ɛ-tɛ fezuu caɣʊʊ. Pɩkɛ ɛyʊ lakɩzaɣ tɛ ɖiɣɖiɣ caɣʊʊ pɩtɩŋna nʊʊ yabɩtʊ tɔmʊʊ yɔɔ. Mbʊ pɩɩkɛ lɛɛzɩyaa yaa cɔlɩyaa mba pɛ-tɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ yɔɔ lɛ. Mbʊ pɩkandaɣ ɛyʊ yɔɔ komulum hɔɔlʊʊ taa lɛɣlɛ pɩlɩna kʊlʊma tadɩyɛ yɔɔ. Cɔlɩyaa tɩŋgɩna taɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ yɔɔ nɛ papɩzɩɣ pɛyɛlɩna Ɛsɔ tɔm takayaɣ nɛ ɖama hɛkɩŋ taa kʊnʊmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa (kɔzɩ Caama kʊnʊŋ taa alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Martin Luther lɩzɩɣ kajalaɣ lɩzɩtʊ tɔm taa yɔ), nɛ pawɩlɩɣ se tɩtalɩna kiɖeɖema cɔlɔ yaa Kele kele tʊ cɔlɔ yaa mɩŋ cikpeŋ taa yɔ. Ɛsɔ tɔm yɔɔ tɩŋgɩnaʊ kɛna kajalaɣ setuu mbʊ cɔlɩyaa kɔsɔla yɔ. Sola scriptura wɛtʊ wɩlɩna-wɛ nɔmɔʊ ŋgʊ patɩŋgɩ yɔ. Pɩpaɣzɩna Martin Luther Ampiri Kiɖeɖeʊ taa nɛ Ulrich Zwingli Zurich taa nɛ Martin Bucer Stasbourg halɩ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩna wayi wayi Jean Calvin Paarii tɛtʊ taa nɛ Genève tɛtʊ taa, pɩɣyɩyaa tɛ ɖanʊʊ cɔlʊʊ talɩ Erɔpʊ nɛ Hayi kiŋ Wɩsɩ Ɖɩɖʊyɛ ajɛyɛ sakɩyɛ. Mazɩm mbʊ se pololuu ɛyaa yɔ tɔla lɛ, pʊkɔna tɛyɩtʊ Room Katoliki Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɛ pɩɣyɩyaa Ɛsɔ ŋgbɛyɛ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa. Wɛtʊ sakɩyɛ kɔma pɩlɩna lɛɛzɩtʊ ndʊ tɩyɔɔ. Alɩwaatʊ sakɩyɛ taa takayasɩ taa tɔm maya sakɩyɛ tɔŋ se kɩpaɣla tɔm kaɖɛ ñɩndʊ yebina se lɛɛzɩtʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ ɛwɛ. Fatanaa nɛ mʊwanɩ waa tɛ tʊda wɛʊ nɛ ɖama kpaŋgba yaa ɖama ñɔnaʊ, ɛyaa pɛnɛ papɩsa pɛwɛ ñɩm cɔɔcɩ tɩnaa tɛ liidiye. Ɛlɛ, pɩtɛkɛ pɩtɛ lɩmaɣza yɔ keeke kɛ lɛɛzɩtʊ lɩwa katoliki ŋgbɛyɛ cɛɛ ɖɩ-tɩ se ɖɩɖɩzɩ lɩmaɣza ana.
Paŋgii
Paŋgii kɛna tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkɩla walanzɩ kɛ Santrafriki ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetu kpeekpe taa. Tɛtʊ ndʊ, ndʊ ɖɔɖɔ kɛŋna Santirafrika tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ. Ɛyaa mba pɛwɛ peeɖe yɔ pɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ ɛyaa miliyɔɔ kʊɖʊmʊʊ nɛ nasɩlɛ mbʊ yɔ (1 200 000). Purundi wɛ lɩm pɔɔŋga payaɣ se Ubaŋgi yɔ nɛ ke-nesi kɩpanzɩ yɔɔ kiŋ.
Pɔɔ ŋga, kɛwɛna Santirafrika nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ tobiɛ nɛ fransɩɩ taa se RDC yɔ pa-kamaɣ yɔɔ. Ubaŋgi pɔɔ ŋga, ka-lɩmɩyɛ yɔɔ kiŋ lɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Soŋgo yɔ nɛ tɩkɛ Kɔŋgo Kinsasa tɛtʊ yɔ ndʊ ñɛwɛna. Pɔɔ kanɛ keɖeke kañandʊna kpɛm ɛzɩma pɛtɛzɩna tadɩyɛ wondu kɛ Purundi tɛtʊ taa mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ lɩm wɛɛ nɛ pɩɩtɛŋ. Ñɩɩtʊ kulubutu tʊma sɩm ndɩ ndɩ lu pɩsaŋ, tokonaa nɛ pantalaŋ, naakomnaa. Peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ pɔñɔɔzʊ tɔɔnasɩ kʊtɔɔsɩ nɛ pasɩɣ sɩɩwɛɛkʊʊ, patɩsʊ yaa pobuu kpalabanaa taa sʊlʊm nɛ pasaɣ fɔɔfɔɔnaa ɖɔɖɔ. Mbʊ pakɩlɩɣ pɛdʊʊ nɛ awayɩ yɔ lɛ tiyamaɣ, pɩsatʊ yaa yɔlɩtʊ, ɖasɩ, kɔfɩ nɛ taŋgbaka. Ubaŋgi taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ sukili sʊsɔʊ kɩtɛzʊʊ wɛɛ nɛ kʊkʊ ñɛkɛna mbʊ pɩkɛna tɔsʊʊ pɩyʊ kpem yɔ. Ɛzɩ Ubaŋgi ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe taa yɔ, kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pɔyɔɔdʊʊ komina tʊma taaa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ saŋgo nɛ fransɩɩ.
Puzumbura
Puzumbura kɛna Purundi ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ nɛ tɩyɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ lɩŋgamʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Taŋganika yɔ kɔcɔlɔ. Keteŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ, lɩŋgamʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɩla walʊʊ yɔ, ŋgʊ payaɣ se Payikalɩ lɩŋgamʊʊ nɛ kɩ-wayɩ lɛ Taŋgnika lɩŋgamʊʊ nɛ kɩ-cɔlɔɔ Puzumbura wɛɛ.
Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1962 taa paakala ɛyaa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa lɛ, paakpɛnda ɛyaa kutokiŋ hiuwaa loɖo (60 000) ɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 2005 taa pɔtɔwaɣ caca lɛ, patasɩ-wɛɛ kalʊʊ nɛ pana se lɛɛlɛɛ yɔ palɩ ɛyaa kutokiŋ taŋga (500 000). Pa-taa lɛ, ɛyaa mba pana po-ɖoŋ yaa pɛlaa nɛ evebiya pɛɖɛ ɛyaa mɩnɩŋ hiŋ niitozo.
Puzumbura komina yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ kɛ payaɣ se Freddy Mbonimpa. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa wɩsɩ ñakɩ sɩŋŋŋ ɛlɛ mbʊ pɩlaba nɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkɛna Purundi ɛjaɖɛ taa sɔsɔtʊ yɔ, mbʊ lɛ tʊma ndɩ ndɩ wena awɛ peeɖe yɔ pɩtasɩna ɛsɩndaa wobu nɛ tɔsʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ peeɖe nɛ pɩkɩlɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖi-taa hɔɔlɩŋ lɛɛŋ yɔ.
Peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ ɛsɔtaa lɔɔɖa tiki pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ peeɖe teŋu kidiiliŋ wɛɛ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ evebiya nɛ pɛlaa yaa Purundi ɛjaɖɛ hɔɔlɩŋ kpeekpe taa ɛyaa ɖoŋ tɩnaa seu pɛ-tɛ nɛ powoki Puzumburi tɛtʊ taa. Powoki se pehiu tʊma nɛ pala nɛ pe-wezu caaʊ lɛɛzɩ.
Zɛrɩmanɩyɔm
Zɛrɩmanɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 32 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Ge. Ɛkɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñɩɣlɩsɩ yɔ. Caama lɔnsɩɖʊ nɔyʊ Clemens Winkler nana zɛrɩmanɩyɔm lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 6 pɩnaɣ 1886. Winkler lɩza-ɩ ndɩ nɛ ɛtɩlɩ-ɩ pɩtɩŋna argyrodite lɩm yɔɔ mbʊ pɩlɩna Himmelsfürst liidiye ñɩɣlɩm tɛ pʊñɔtɩna Freiberg (Saxe). Pɩnaɣ 1871 lɛ, Dmitri Mendeleiev kaañɔza ɛ-tɛ wɛʊ tɔm (nɛ ɛyaa pʊtʊ patɩtɩlɩta-ɩ ɛnʊ hɩɖɛ se ékasilicium Es).
Winkler ya pʊtʊ kɩfalʊ ɛnʊ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ yɔ pɩkɛ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʊ hɩɖɛ ɛcɛla-ɩ pɩlɩna kalɩyɔm hɩɖɛ ntɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ yɔɔ (ɖɩlɩna Gaule) Fransɩɩ lɔnsɩnɖʊ Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran. Ɛlɛ, ndɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ wɛ piŋ kalɩyɔm hɩɖɛ kiɖe yɔɔ. Ɖɩlɩyɛ kaapɩza pɩtɛkɛ ɛjaɖɛ hɩɖɛ, ɛlɛ latɛŋ yatʊ taa ɛzɩ ɛyʊ weyi ɛna-ɩ yɔ gallus (coq latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa), peeɖe Winkler cɔŋna se kʊnʊmɩŋ paɣtʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa lɛ ɛtɔkɩ tulutu natʊyʊ. Lɩmaɣza ana aha ɛsɛ nɛ ndʊ Paul-Émile Lecoq Boisbaudran ñɩnʊ tɔŋ ɛ-takayaɣ kɩmamaɣ taa pɩlɩna ɛna pʊtʊ ɛnʊ nɛ ɛtɔŋ se ɛha-ɩ hɩɖɛ ndɩ Fransɩɩ yɔɔ yɔɔ kɛnɛ yɔ.
Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛtɔtɔyɩ, ɛtɛ kpɩndɩ tɛtʊ pɔɔɖɛ taa ɖɔɖɔ kpaɣ ɛzɩ ppm 1,5 mbʊ yɔ. Pana-ɩ cazʊ cazʊ kɛ aka naayɛ tɔlɔma taa (vitrain) pɛtɛŋ-wɛ catʊʊ lɛ. Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ pana-ɩ filon waa taa Pb-Zn. FNCLCC tɔzʊʊ-dʊ se zɛrɩmanɩyɔm wɛna sɔtʊ ɖoŋ yaa kʊʊ hola kɔzɔ kɔzɩ kɩyala yɔɔ, nɛ pɩtɩŋna pʊyɔɔ nɛ pɩkɔna sɩm hɩm ɛɛlɩɣ ɖeu. Mbʊ lɛ pɩkɛ kɔyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkʊ piŋ.
Tɔlɩm kʊhʊlʊmɩŋ
Mʊntʊsʊŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa tazɩyaa ñɩnaa nɛ pɔtɔŋ se tɔlɩm kʊhʊlʊmɩŋ tɛkɛ tɔlɩm tɩtɩŋɛ, ɛlɛ, se mʊntʊsʊʊ nɛ tɔlɩm ndɩ ndɩ pesidaa nɛ pɩpɩsɩ tɔlɩm kʊhʊlʊmɩŋ. Mʊntʊsʊŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa tazɩyaa mba, pa-taa sʊsɔ lɛlʊ payaɣ se Isaac Newton. Nabɛyɛ ñɔtɔŋ se tɔlɩm kʊhʊlʊmɩŋ kɛ tɔlɩm kɩkpɛdɩm koyindu. Pɔtɔŋ ɖɔɖɔ se tɔlɩm kʊhʊlʊmɩŋ kɛ tɔlɩm naadozo mbʊ pɩkpɛndaa kpɛm nɛ piyeki se ɛyʊ ɛna pʊyʊ nɛ pʊ-wayɩ yɔ pɩ-taa tɔlɩm lɛɛbʊ. Ñɩnɩyaa sɔsaa, ɖajaanaa panɛ : Goethe nɛ Hering po-sukulibiya yɔɔdʊʊ-tʊ mbʊ.
Pakpaɣ tɔlɩm kʊhʊlʊmɩŋ anasaayɩnaa tɛ ajɛya taa se pɩkɛ pʊyʊ mbʊ pʊwɛ kelekele yɔ nɛ pʊtɔpɔzɩ se palabɩ-pʊ ŋjɩŋgbɩlɩ yɔ. Tɔlɩm kʊhʊlʊmɩŋ kɛ mbʊ pʊwɛ azuluma yɔ po-koyindu.
Mɔndɔnʋʋ kulubuu (Fibre synthétique)
Pɩsatʋ lʋnaʋ wɛɖʋʋ payaɣ size mɔndɔnʋʋ kulubu. lalaa yaa-kʋ size nimaɣ. Nimaɣ ŋga, palaba kɛ pɩlɩɩna wonu kulubuu n̄ɩŋga nakɛyɛ.
Pɩkɛ mɔndɔnʋʋ ŋgʋ palaba kʋ nɛ wondu kulubutu ndɩ ndɩ kazʋwa wayɩ yɔ. Wonu kulubuu kɛna wonu ŋgʋ pehiu kʋ n̄ɩnɩtʋ sakɩyɛ kazʋwa wayɩ yɔ. Pɩkɛna wonu ŋgʋ pehiu kʋ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɩ hɔɔlʋʋ taa yɔ.
Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɩ wondu ndʋ, tiliɖe lɩna keekee nɛ, ɩɖɩɖɔgɛnɩ nɛ kaɖɩbɔnɩ tomnaɣsɩ taa. Papɩzɩʋ pehiu pɩ-tɛ tomnaɣ ŋga ɖɔɖɔ cɛŋgbɛ mʋlʋm taa ɖɔɖɔ yem kɛlɛʋ. Kajalaɣ nimaɣ tanɩɩ wɛɖʋ n̄ɩŋga kɛlɛ nɩlɔŋ.
Muzulee tɔlɩm
Tɔlɩm mbʊ pʊwɛ ɛzɩ kɛdaɣ yɔ, pʊwɛ muzulee. Tɔlɩm mbʊ pʊwɛ ɛzɩ kɛdaɣ lɩm yɔ, pɩ-taa wɛ tɔlɩm hakuu ñɩmbʊ sakɩyɛ.
Nesi tɛɛ tʊma wondu sakɩyɛ wɛna kɛdaɣ lɩm tɔlɩm. Nesi tɛɛ tʊmlaɖʊ weyi payaɣ se Van Dyck yɔ, ɛsaɣ sumaɣ sɔsaɣ ŋga payaɣ se Urisi (Ours) yɔ ka-sɩʊkpelaɣ nɛ kɔ-tɔlɩm wɛɛ ɛzɩ kɛdaɣ lɩm yɔ.
Mɔndɔnʋʋ kulubuu (Fibre synthétique)
Ɖoo lɔŋ taa mbɩ yɔɔ lɛ, pɩsatʋ yaa ɖama taa lɛɣtʋʋ wondu kulubutu sakɩyɛ kaatɛma lɩɩ. Natʋyʋ natʋyʋ hɩla kɔ yɔ nɛ Fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa : fibres acryliques, nɛ aramide, nɛ oléfine ɖɔɖɔ nɛ pɩtasɩna polyester.
Muzulee tɔlɩm
Tɔlɩm mbʊ pʊwɛ ɛzɩ kɛdaɣ lɩm yɔ, pʊwɛ ndɩ ndɩ kpem. Ñɔsɩ hʊm yaa ñɔsɩ hɔkʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa lɛ, tɔlɩm mbʊ pʊwɛ ɛzɩ kɛdaɣ lɩm yɔ, payaɣ-pʊ se «châtain» nɛ pɩla se tɔlɩm mbʊ, pɩfɛyɛ ɖeyi ɖeyi ɛzɩ kɛdaɣ lɩm yɔ. Tɔlɩm mbʊ payaɣ se «châtain», nabʊyʊ wɛ kpayɩ kpayɩ nɛ nabʊyʊ ñɛwɛɛ yulee. Ɛlɛ, ñɔsɩ nzɩ sipiyi kini kini yɔ, nzɩɩ pɔtɔŋ se sɩwɛ «brun».
Lɛɣtʊ piliŋa ŋga kañɩnɩɣ nɛ katazɩɣ tɔlɩm ndɩ ndɩ wɛtʊ yɔ, ka-taa ñɩnɩyaa yɔɔdʊʊ se tɔlɩm mbʊ pɩfɛyɩ kpayɩ kpayɩ yɔ pʊwɛ huwa ndɩ ndɩ taa. Nabʊyʊ ñɛwɛ mbʊ payaɣ se kaakii (kaki) yɔ pɩ-pɩlɩʊ taa. Tɔlɩm mbʊ, pʊwɛ sʊtʊ lɩm nɛ tɩŋ hatʊ tɔlɩm nɛ kɛdaɣ lɩm. Tɔlɩm lɛɛbʊ ñɛwɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ sʊtʊ lɩm nɛ pɩ-taa wɛɛ ɛzɩ leemuu yɔɔ yɔ. Pɩ-taa wɛ ɖɔɖɔ calʊlʊ tɩyɛ. Kʊnʊmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa tazɩyaa tɔŋ se tɔlɩm ndɩ ndɩ mbʊ, pɩkɛ mbʊ payaɣ se «brun» yɔ. Ɖajaa panɛ, Berlin nɛ Kaɣ pañɩnɩna nɛ pana mbʊ pɩlakɩ nɛ pɩkɛɣ tɔlɩm.
Nimviɖe
Ɛyʊ nesi wɛna hɔɔlɩŋ naatozo: nimviɖe, nɛŋgbɛŋga nɛ nandaka. Noŋgoloŋga tamna nɛŋgbɛŋga nɛ nimviɖe, nesi ajɔɔ ñɛwɛna avnt-bras nɛ nandaka pɛhɛkʊ taa. Hɔɔlɩŋ niitozo ɩnʊ ɩ-taa payɩ lɛ, nimviɖe kɩlana kpeetʊʊ. Nimviɖe kpeetaa, ɛlɛ, nɛŋgbɛŋga kɩlɩna ɖaalʊʊ. Ɛyʊ wɛʊ toma taa ɖɔŋ siŋŋ yɔ, pɩlɩna ɛzɩma ɛ-mɔɔ cɛyaa yɔ; pɩkɩlɩna e-nimviɖe taa ɖoŋ. Nimviɖe taa ɖoŋ kɩla wɛʊ ɛyʊ nesi hɔɔlɩŋ tɩŋga taa. Ɛyʊ pɩzʊʊ nɛ ɛɖɔŋ yaa eseu yɔ, pɩlɩna e-nesi fiiduu yɔɔ.
Ɛyʊ nesɩ wɛna hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ ɛ-taa kɔyɔ: hamʊ, nimviɖe, noŋgoloŋga, nɛŋgbɛŋga, nesi ajɔɔ taa, nɛ nandaka. Hamʊʊ taa wɛ mɔɔ sɔsɔna naatozo. Nimviɖe taa ñɛwɛna mɔɔyɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ kpayɩ, pʊtɔbʊʊ se peeɖe ɖɔdɔ tomnaɣ nandʊ kɩla wɛʊ kɛ nesi yɔɔ, piyele noŋgoloŋga ñɛwɛna nimviɖe nɛ nɛŋgbɛŋga pɛhɛkʊ taa; noŋgoloŋga ŋga, kɔyɔɔ kɛ ɛyʊ pɩzʊ ekoti yaa eposi e-nesi. Nɛŋgbɛŋga taa nɛ mɔɔ sɔsɔna naalɛ. Nesi ajɔɔ taa peeɖe wɛna wazaɣ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ noŋgoloŋga yɔ; pʊtɔbʊʊ se nesi ajɔɔ yekina nɛ nɛŋgbɛŋga nɛ nandaka pɔcɔʊ nɛ ɛyʊ pɩzʊ ɛlakɩ ɛ-tɔma; pɩkazɩ nɛ nandaka yɔɔ kɛ nee kagbaanzɩ wɛɛ. Paatɔŋ se mbʊ paale pɩwɛɛ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, nabayɩ wɛna nee pɩɖɛɛ kagbaanzɩ yɔɔ yaa pɩtatalɩ mbʊ.
Moŋgooli kewiyaɣ
Ajɛyɛ pacaɣ ma-ñʊʊ yɔɔ waa naayɛ kpɛndɩ kpɛm nɛ payaa a-kewiyaɣ se Moŋgooli kewiyaɣ. Moŋgooli kewiyaɣ ŋga, kapaɣlɩ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Ajayɛ pacaɣ ma-ñʊʊ yɔɔ waa kewiyaɣ nakɛyɛ tapaɣlɩ nɛ pɩtalɩ moŋgooli ñɩŋga. Ɖooo kpaɖʊʊ hiu nɛ naadozo ñɩŋgʊ taa paɖʊ moŋgooli kewiyaɣ. Sʊsɔ Gengis Khan nɛ e-piya nɛ ɛ-sɛyɩnaa nɛ ɛ-sɔɔjanaa pasɩna kewiyaɣ ŋga. Moŋgooli kewiyaɣ walaa pɩtalɩ kilomɛtanaa miiliyɔɔwaa niidozo nɛ naadozo.
Kpaɖʊʊ hiu nɛ naadozo ɖɩtɛnɖɛ Gengis Khan kewiyaɣ kpa ɖoŋ siŋŋ nɛ pɩkɩlɩ. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛ, moŋgooli kewiyaɣ walanzɩ kpaɣna Meditɛɛraanee, Pasifiiki lɩŋgamʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa nɛ powolo Siiberii tɛtʊ taa Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ pɩɖɛɛ Ɛndoziini ñɩnɖɛ taa. Ɛlɛ, pɩtɛkpɛndɩna Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ kɩpɩnɖɛ nɛ Ɛɛndoziini ɛjaɖɛ maɣmaɣ.
Kpaɣna pɩnaɣ 1260 taa lɛ, moŋgooli kewiyaɣ tɛyɩ hɔɔlɩŋ naanza. Hayi kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa lɛ, tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se «steppes russes» yɔ tɩwɛɛ. Tɩkɛ «Horde d’or» ɛjaɖɛ. Sʊsɔ Djötchi liɖe taa ñɩma ɖiyiɣna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ñɩma. Djötchi liɖe taa ñɩma mba, pɛkɛ Gengis Khan kajalaɣ piya. Hadɛ kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa lɛ, mba payaɣ se Ilkhans waa yɔ, paba ñɛwɛna. Pɛkɛ Pɛɛrɩsɩ (Perse) ɛjaɖɛ taa ñɩma. Pɛkɛ Hülegü liɖe taa ñɩma. Hülegü kɛ Tolui pɩyalʊ. Tolui ñɛkɛ Gengis Khan pɩyalʊ tɩnʊʊ.
Siipitɛɛrɩ
Siipitɛɛrɩ (kɩɖaʊ: ) kɛna wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga ŋga ka-taa nɛ heɣlɩmaɣ yɔ. Tɩyɩŋga kanɛ ŋga kɩlɩna paɣlʊʊ wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩnzɩ kpeekpe, ŋga kɩlɩna ɖɔɖɔ yʊŋ hɩlɩmaɣ paa pɩkpɛndɩ tɩyɩnzɩ kpeekpe kɔyɔ. Wɩsɩ posɩnau lɛ, Siipitɛɛrɩ kɛŋna kagbanzɩ nga nɛ kɛ-ɛsɩnda kɔyɔ: Mɛɛrkiiri, Feeniisɩ, Tɛtʊ nɛ Maarɩsɩ. Room Siipɩtɛɛrɩ ɛsɔ cɔlɔ lɛ, Fransɩ taa yaa Aŋgilisi taa payaɣ Siipitɛɛrɩ se Seesi ɛsɔ.
Moŋgooli kewiyaɣ
Hɛkʊ taa lɛ, sɔzɔ weyi payaɣ se Djaghataï yɔ, e-liɖe taa ñɩma ñɛwɛna. Djaghataï kɛ Gengis Khan pɩyalʊ naalɛ tʊ. Piyele wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa lɛ, pɩkɛ Moŋgooli nɛ Siini pa-ajɛya. Mba payaɣ se Yuan waa yɔ, mba wɛna Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa. Sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ se Kubilai Khan yɔ, ɛnʊ tɩna Siini ɛjaɖɛ tikiɖe yaa ɛnʊ yebina nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛɛ. Kubilai Khan kɛ Hülegü ɖalʊ. Ɛkɛ weyi payaɣ se Tolui yɔ ɛ-pɩyalʊ. Tolui ñɛkɛ Gengis Khan pɩyalʊ. Kubilai Khan cɔŋnana Marco Polo tɛtʊ yɔɔ.
Siipitɛɛrɩ
Ɛzɩ wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩnzɩ lɛɛsɩ nzɩ sɩ-taa nɛ heɣlimaɣ yɔ, Siipitɛɛrɩ taa nɛ heɣlɩm hoɖe mbʊ wɛ wɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ nɛ heɣlim mbʊ pɩɖɛʊ taa pɩzɩɣ pɩtalɩ kilomɛtanaa 600 kɛ ñɩɣyʊ kʊɖʊmʊʊ yɔɔ. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩʊ nɛhiu nɛ lʊbɛ taa pana mayaɣ kɩsɛɛmaɣ nakɛyɛ kɛ tɩyɩnga ŋga kɔyɔɔ nɛ mayaɣ ŋga kakɩla wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga Tɛtʊ kɛpaɣlʊ tam naputozo.
Moŋgooli kewiyaɣ
Sɔsɔ Gengis Khan tɔɔ kewiyaɣ Moŋgooli ɛjaɖɛ taa kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1187 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 1196 ñɩŋga taa. Ɛ nɛ Tayitchi'out ñɩma palaba you nɛ ɛwabɩ-wɛ. Tayitchi'out ñɩma wɛ Bouriatie tɛtʊ taa. Bouriatie tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩpɩsɩna Siberii ɛjaɖɛ lɛlɛɛyɔ. Wiyaʊ Gengis khan laba you ɖɔɖɔ nɛ Tatars ñɩma nɛ ɛwabɩ-wɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ ɛwɛɛna ɖoŋ nɛ eɖiyiɣ Moŋgooli ɛjaɖɛ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa.
Pɩlɔmbɩ
Pɩlɔmbɩ kɛna kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊtʊ natʊyʊ tɛ wonuu nɛ kɩcɛcɛyaɣ kɔyɔ 82 piyele ñɩɣyʊ ŋgʊ kɩmayaɣ ŋga pasɩŋna-kʊ yɔ lɛ Pb. Pɩlɔmbɩ tomnaɣ sɛ kpʊzʊyɛɛɛ nɛ pɩcaɣ wɛʊ ɛzɩ ɛsɔtaa mɩndʊ yɔ, kɩpɩzʊʊ kɩpɩsɩ ɔkɩzɛnɩ wonuu nɛ kɩwɛɛ kʊlʊmʊm kpalʊlʊʊ tɩyɛ, papɩzʊ polubuku nɛ kɩwɛɛna wɛɖʊʊ ŋgʊ ɛyʊ sɔɔlaa yɔ.
Pɩlɔmbɩ kɛna ñɩɣyʊ ŋgʊ kɩpɩzɩɣ kʊkʊ ɛyʊ yɔ, kɩlɛɛzʊʊ ndɩ ndɩ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ kɩ maɣmaɣ kɩpɩzʊʊ nɛ kɩlɩzɩ sɔtʊ ndʊ tɩpɩzʊʊ nɛ tʊkʊ ɛyʊ yɔ. Ñɩɣyʊ kʊnɛ kɩ-taa fɛyɩ ñɩɣlɩm mbʊ pi-pee paɣla kpayɩ kpayɩ yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1980 taa ñɩnɩya naa size pɩlɔmbɩ kɛna ñɩɣyʊ kʊnɛ kɩhaɣ pɩcɛɛɖɛ kʊdɔŋ ɛyaa nɛ tɛtɛ wondu.
Pɩlɔmbɩ wɛ ɛzɩ heelim yɔ nɛ yee pɩwɛ ɛsɔtaa yem paa pazɩ yem kɔyɔ pipisiɣ heelim mbʊ ɛyʊ fezuu yɔ. Kʊdɔmɩŋ weyi pɩlɔmbɩ kɔŋna yɔ pɛkpɛnda pɩtɩŋga nɛ payaɣ-ɩ se satiirinii kʊdɔŋ.
Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ
Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ kɛna Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa lɛ, tɛtʊ ndʊ, tɩ-hɩɖɛ kɩlɩɣna yaʊ Amerika ajɛya kpeekpe taa. Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ  tɛtʊ wɛ Etaazuunii nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ nɛ pɩwɛ Atilantiki Lɩŋamʋʋ cɔlɔ kpam. Ageeta kagbaanzɩ kpɛndɩna nɛ apɩsɩ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ.
Keteŋa kpeekpe taalɛ, Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ tɛtʊ wɛna ɖoŋ sɩŋŋŋ kɛ tadɩyɛ tɔm taa, tɔsʊʊ nɛ liidiye yɔɔ, tɔm sʊsʊʊ taa, lubu, wendu ñɛyʊʊ taa, ñɩnʊʊ taa, sukuli tɔm taa nɛ aleɣya. Niyuu Yɔrikɩ tɛtʊ taa mbʊ mbʊ pɩwɛ tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ taa yɔ, pɩwɛ peeɖe. Pʊ-yɔɔ kɛ pɔtɔŋ se Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ kɛna keteŋa kpeekpe tajɛya tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ.
Ɖooo lɛ, Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ kaakɛŋna Etaazunii taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ (1785 nɛ 1790). Etaazunii taa lɛ, Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ tɛtʊ kɛŋna tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1790. Pɩnaɣ 2015 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ peeɖe lɛ, ɛyaa kpɛnda miliyɔɔnaa 8 550 405. Amerika keteŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ, tɛtʊ natʊlɛ ɖeke kɩlɩna Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ kɛ walanzɩ. Kacalaɣ tɛtʊ yɔ Mɛkɩsiko, piwayɩ lɛ Sao Poolo nɛ naatazo tɛtʊ yɔ Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ.
Ɛsɩyɛ ekpena tɔm taa lɛ, paa pɩnaɣ ŋga ɛyaa mba powoki Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ tɛtʊ taa yɔ, pɛɖɛɣ ɛzɩ ɛyaa miliyɔpɔnaa nɩɩnɩwa yɔ (50 000 000). Payaɣ Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ maalika yɔɔ cɔnayʊ kɩfalʊ se Bill de Blasio (D) (2014-2020).
Sɛlɩnɩyɔm
Sɛlɩnɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 34 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Se. Pʊtʊ naatozo tʊ ɛnʊ ɛkɛ VIA ɖɩlɩyɛ taa pʊtʊ nɔyʊ nɛ ɛtɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm pɩyʊ. Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ e-tomnaɣ nɛ ɛ-taa pʊtʊnaa wɛtʊ caɣ ɛzɩ sʊfʊrɩ yɔ, ɛlɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ teluuɖi yɔ.
Pʊtʊ ɛnɛyɔ ɛwɛ sɔtʊ (nɛ paa ɛwɛ ŋñɩɩ ɛkɛ pʊtʊ weyi kpɩna tɔɔnaɣ taa lɛ ɛ-tɔm wɛ kɩjɛyɩɣ yɔ). Ɛɛlakɩ pʊyʊ kpɩna ɖɔʊ nɔmɔʊ taa, yee pɩtɛkɛ kʊɖɔmɩŋ sɔsɔŋ pɩlɩna ñɩɣlɩm wondu yuŋ ndʊ yɔɔ. Sʊfʊrɩ nɛ sɛlɩnɩyɔm pa-tʊmɩyɛ wɛ kɩmaŋ tɩyɛ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ tɔɔnaɣ tɔm taa. Papɩzaɣ patɩlɩ ajɛyɛ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ pɩtɩŋna Se ɖɔʊ ɛyaa calɩm naa taa pɩnzɩ 1990, nɛ hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ kaawɛ ɛ-taa wɛ ñɩm piŋ nɛ lɛɛŋ taa wɛɛ kpɛɖɛ pɩtɩŋna ntɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-yɔɔ, Fenezuyeelaa kajalaɣ tʊ ɛwɛna 0,8 µg/L nɛ ɛwa-ɩ Egipiti ɛlɛ ñɛwɛna 0,07 µg/L.
Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyaa Jöns Jacob Berzelius (pɩnzɩ 1779-1848) nɛ Johan Gottlieb Gahn pɩnaɣ 1817 ñɩnɩna nɛ pana sɛlɩnɩyɔm kɛ ahɔya wena awɛ plɔŋ kuduyuu taa pʊñɔtɩna Grispholm tʊma sɔsɔna kuduyuu, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ patɩzaɣ sʊfʊrɩ ñɩmɩŋ lɩm yɔ. Pʊtʊnaa sɛlɩnɩyɔm nɛ teluɖu mba paakpɛnda-wɛ wasɩ ɖeɖe yɔ, mbʊ pana alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pɛkpɛnda sʊfɩrɩ nɛ kwivri yɔ, palɩ pɔ-yɔɔ keeke kpaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 19 pazɩtʊ alɩwaatʊ nɛ kpaɣɖʊ 18 tɛmtʊ wɛɛ taa.
Teluɖu mʊ kajalaɣ tʊ ɛ-hɩɖɛ, pɩlɩna latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa tellus pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se tɛtʊ, ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe. Ɛzɩ sɛlɩnɩyɔm nɛ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ palɩɣ ɖama yɔ lɛ, nɛ pɛwɛna wɛtʊ kʊyʊmtʊ nɛ pɛkpɛndɩ-wɛ ñɩɣlɩm wondu taa mbʊ lɛ, ɛzɩ tɛtʊ nɛ fenaɣ, paha-ɩ hɩɖɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ mbʊ yɔ Σελήνη (Selếnê) yaa σελήνη (selênê), krɛkɩ nɛ latɛŋ tɔmʊʊ nɛ pɩwɩlɩɣ se pɩkɛ fenaɣ, Tɛtʊ malɩnayʊ tɩŋga.
Paŋgɩladɛɛsɩ
Dominion du Pakistan ŋgʊ kɩpɩsɩna kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1956 kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ sɔnɔ se Paakistaanɩ maliŋ ɛjaɖɛ yɔ. Paŋgɩladɛɛsɩ taa ɛyaa yɔɔdɩɣ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ payaɣ se ourdou yɔ. Ɛndɩ nɛ URSS pasɩna Paŋgalɩ ñɩma mba pɛwɛ Pakɩstaanɩ yɔ nɛ pamʊ pa-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1971. Pɩlaba mbʊ lɛ, ɛsɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ sɛɛ nɛ you nakʊyʊ lɩɩ peeɖe nɛ ɛyaa ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa naatozo mbʊ yɔ hiu sɩm nɛ mba paba sewa yɔ pɛwɛɛ ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa hiu yɔ; piyele nɛ mba pakpa-wɛ nɛ pasʊ na-wɛ yɔ pɛwɛ ɛzɩ kutokiŋ nasɩlɛ yɔ.
Paŋgɩladɛɛsɩ taa ɖiu ɖiu caɣʊ nɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ fɛyɩ: komina nɔsɩ ɖɛya tɛma talɩɣ hiu nɛ naanza nɛ paanɩ ɛñɩnɩɣ se ɛmʊ kewiyaɣ nɛ ɖoŋ; nɛ pɩtɛma talɩɣ ɛzɩ hiuy nɛ naanza ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ yɔ. Keteŋa kpeekpe taa taa lɛ, Paŋgɩladɛɛsɩ taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖama kpɩtɩnaʊ; nɛ kilomɛta naa agbaba naalɛ taa lɛ, ɛyaa wɛ ɛzɩ kutoku mbʊyɔ: 1 000 hab/km. Paŋgɩladɛɛsɩ wɛ aŋgba cabɩ taa; Commonwealth taa ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1972, ASACR, nɛ BIMSTEC  taa. Paŋgɩladɛɛsɩ tɛ ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋtʋ kacalaɣ ñɩnʋ kɔyɔ Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1920-1975) nɛ wayɩ wayɩ ñɩnʊ kɔyɔ Abdul Hamid (1944-). Wayɩ wayɩ ñɩnʊ ɛnɛ ɛlɛɛzɩna Zillur Rahman (1929-2013).
Paŋgiizi
Mbʊ payaɣ se paŋgiiizi (Banquise) yɔ, pɩkɛ lɩm taa ɖombe sɛŋgɛlɩtʊ. Nabʊyʊ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ pɩcaɣ wezuu paŋgiizi yɔɔ. Ɛlɛ, nabʊyʊ pɩzɩɣ pɩcaɣ wezuu lɩm tɛɛ. Ɖombiye sɛŋgɛlʊʊ tɛɛ papɩzɩɣ pana mbʊ payaɣ se «Explorer’s Cove» yɔ pɩtɛ paŋgiizi (New Harbor, détroit de McMurdo). Papɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ pana lɩm tɛɛ wondu ndɩ ndɩ pɔɔya. Paŋgiizi ɖompiye sɛŋgɛlɩtʊ ndʊ, lɩm sɔsɔm yɔɔ pɩmaɣ. Lɩm kiɣna nɛ pɩpɩsɩɣ ɖompe. Teŋgu taa lɩm yaa lɩŋgamɩŋ taa ñɩmbʊ yaa pɔsɩ taa lɩm kiɣna nɛ pɩpɩsɩɣ ɖompe. Lɩm taa nabʊyʊ wɛɛ nɛ payaɣ-pʊ se kalɔtɩ klasiyɛɛrɩ (calottes glaciaires) waa. Pacaɣ wɛʊ ɛzɩ ɖompe wena a-tɔm ɖɩyɔɔdʊʊ yɔ, ɛlɛ, pɩtɛkɛ ana. Paba lɛ, tɛʊ sɔsɔʊ nɩɣ nɛ ɖomba wena alɩɣna ɛsɔdaa nɛ atɔlʊʊ yɔ, ana kpɛdɩɣna nɛ pɩpɩsɩɣ lɩm taa taŋganaa mba. Paŋgiizi kʊbɩnʊʊ kpɛndɩɣ pɩtalɩ walanzɩ naadozo yaa naanza mbʊ yɔ. Paŋgiizi ŋgʊ payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se pɩnaɣ paŋgiizi yaa niikaɣ alɩwaatʊ paŋgiizi yɔ, kiileɖiɣ pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ tɩŋɛ. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ payaɣ se hiver polaire yɔ, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa pɩnaɣ paŋgiizi paɣzʊʊ maʊ sɛŋgɛlɩtʊ. Kɩpaɣzɩɣ maʊ sɛŋgɛlɩtʊ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ teŋgu lɩm takɩlɩ saʊ miŋ kpaŋŋ yɔ. Teŋgu taalɩm wɛʊ niikaɣ fɩnɩnɩ. Halɩ feveku tiki -1, 8 °c tɛɛ mbʊ yɔ. Niikaɣ alɩwaatʊ taa ɖompe kiɣ atalɩ mɛta yaa mɛtɛnaa naalɛ mbʊ yɔ. Halɩ pɛtɛkpɛndɩna ɖompe cikpena wena amaɣ paŋgiizi ŋgʊ kɩ-yɔɔ yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1980 taa pamaɣzɩ aritiki tɛ paŋgiizi nɛ pana se ki-kigiŋ kɛ kpaɣ mɛtɛnaa 1,89 nɛ pɩtalɩ mɛtɛnaa 2,62. Pɩnaɣ 2012 taa lɛ, ki-kigiŋ tiba kpaɣ mɛta kʊɖʊmʊʊ nɛ puwolo pɩtalɩ mɛtɛnaa 1,75. Kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1980 taa nɛ pɩnaɣ 2012 ñɩŋga taa lɛ, kpaɣ lakɩŋ fenaɣ ɖɩ-tɛnɖɛ nɛ puwolo pɩtɛyɩ agoza fenaɣ kɩmaŋ lɛ paŋgiizi ɖompe kiɣ nɛ pɩkɩlɩ. Ɛlɛ, kpaɣnɩ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ ɖɩ-tɛnɖɛ nɛ puwolo kamɩŋ fenaɣ tɛyɩ kɩmaŋ lɛ, paŋgiizi ɖompe ɛɛkɩlɩɣ kiu. Lakɩŋ fenaɣ ɖɛʊ kpa lɛ, paŋgiizi ɖompe sɛŋgɛlɩtʊ tazɩɣ ɖaɣlʊʊ nɛ pɩkɩlɩ kpem. Tɩpɩlɩɣ ɖama yɔɔ halɩ pɩtalɩ kilomɛtɛnaa 9,5. Ɛlɛ, ti-huuu pasɩɣ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ paŋgiizi woki kiɖuuna Kanadaa nɛ Ruusii pe-kidemiŋ yɔ.
Tɔm hʊʊ
Payaʊ se tɔm hʊʊ yɔ, pʊwɛ nabʊlɛ. Tɔm hʊʊ kpaaŋ taa tɔm hʊʊ wɛ ndɩ nɛ mbʊ payaɣ se tɔm hʊʊ filozofii pɩlɩʊ taa tɔm hʊʊ. Filozofii hɔɔlʊʊ taa lɛ, payaʊ se tɔm hʊʊ yɔ, pɩkɛ tɩlɩtʊ taa yasʊʊ nabʊyʊ. Filozofii pɩlɩʊ taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, payaʊ se tɔm hʊʊ yɔ, pʊwɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Nabʊyʊ taa kɔyɔ, payaʊ se tɔm hʊʊ filozofii hɔɔlʊʊ taa yɔ pɩkɛ ɛyʊ maɣzɩm tʊmɩyɛ. Maɣzɩm taa ɛyʊ kaɖɩɣ tɔm natʊyʊ yaa ɛyʊ kpɛzɩɣ tɔm natʊyʊ se ɛɛsɩŋ tɩ-yɔɔ kpem. Lɛɣtʊ pɩlɩʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se sikolozii (psychologie) yɔ, kɩñɩnɩna nɛ kɩyɔɔdɩ mbʊ. Nabʊyʊ taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, tɔm hʊʊ pɩzɩɣ pɩkɛ maɣzɩm taa lɩmaɣzɩyɛ maɣmaɣ. Lɛɣtʊ piliŋa ŋga payaɣ se loziiki (logique) yɔ ka-pɩlɩʊ taa pɔyɔɔdʊʊ mbʊ.
Mbʊʊ palɩza tɔm hʊʊ tɔbʊʊ kpaɖʊʊ XXI ñɩŋga taa.
Sɔsɔ Titchener maɣzɩm nabʊyʊ heyi-i se leemuu hɔɔlɩŋ naalɛ wɛ kɩmaŋ ɖeyi ɖeyi. Nakʊyʊ takɩlɩ lɛɛkʊ. Tɔm kaɖʊʊ pʊnɛ pɩlɩna maɣzɩm mbʊ pʊ-cɔlɔ ? Ɛbɛ yeki nɛ piyiɣdiɣ ɛyʊ ɛ-maɣzɩm taa. Toovenum lɛ, ɛyʊ pɩzɩɣ ɛcɛtɩ ɛ-tɩ yaa ɛɛcɛtɩɣ ɛ-tɩ ?
Mɔsɩkʊʊ
Mɔsɩkʊʊ kɛna Ruusii ɛjadɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ nɛ ndʊ kɩlɩna walanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa nɛ Eerɔpʊ ajɛya kpeekpe taa. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ pɔɔ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ se Mɔsɩkoova yɔ kɔ-yɔɔ. Pʊyɔɔ kɛ pakpaɣ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ nɛ payaa tɛtʊ tʊnɛ se Mɔsɩkʊʊ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa nɛ nikaɣ yɔ.
Mɔsɩkʊʊ tɛtʊ wɛ tɩ-tɩ yɔɔ ɛzɩ ɛjaɖɛ mpilim yɔ. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ kɛ Eerɔpʊ ajɛya kpeekpe taa. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa wɛ ɛzɩ ɛkɩtaarɩnaa 251 100 yaa kilomɛtanaa 2 511. Pɩnaɣ 2014 pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ lɛ ɛyaa mba panaa yɔ pɛɖɛ ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa hiu nɛ naalɛ yɔ (12 000 000) ɛlɛ yee pɛkpɛndɩna ageeta wena awɛ pɩcɔlɔ kpɛɛɛ yɔ kɔyɔ, ɛyaa ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa hiu nɛ kagbaanzɩ yɔ (15 000 000).
Ndʊ kɩlɩna walanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa wɛ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa kutoku yɔ (1 000). Peeɖe kɛ Ruusii tɔsʊʊ ñʊʊ wɛɛ, politiki kpelasɩ ɖɔɖɔ pɩna sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ wɛɛɖɔɖɔ. Ɛzɩ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ lɛɛtʊ yɔ, Mɔsikuu tɛtʊ nɛ ajɛyaa 36 naayɛ taa ñɩndʊ paɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ palakɩ tʊma kʊɖʊma se pɛ-tɛtʊ ɛɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa.
Payaɣ Mɔsɩkʊʊ komina yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ kɩfalʊ se Sergueï Sobianine.
Tamerlan
Tamerlan (Persan kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, Timur Lang) yaa Timour naŋgbaŋa tʊ, Timour Kɩkɩlʊʊ (palɩla-ɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 8 pɩnaɣ 1336 Kech tɛtʊ taa pɩñɔtɩna Chakhrisabz, nɔɔnɔɔ Ouzbékistan ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛsɩ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 18 pɩnaɣ 1405 Otrar nɔɔnɔɔ Kazakhstan ɛjaɖɛ taa). Ɛɛkɛ Turc nɛ Mongol ajɛyɛ yoyu kpaɣɖʊ 14 alɩwaatʊ taa, waɖʊ sɔsɔ Azii wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ hɔɔlɩŋ taa kiŋ, Timouride waa kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ kiɖe ɖʊyʊ, ŋga kacaɣ piliɖi pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1507 yɔ.
Tamerlan sɩm wayi pɩnaɣ 1405 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, ɛ-tɛ Ampiiri ñʊʊ yɔɔ caɣya kaakɛ e-piya (Timouride waa), nɛ ajɛyɛ ɖoŋ ñɩna wena acɔ-wɛ ata yɔ ayɔkʊʊ wobu yɔɔ wobu Ampiiri pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ Chaybanide waa kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ tɛ Ouzbek kpa-wɛ nɛ ɖoŋ kpaagba ɖeɖe. Tamerlan lʊlʊʊ hɩɖɛ yɔ Timour.
Timour lang tɔbʊʊ se Timour naŋgbaŋa tʊ (lang lɩna Persan kʊnʊŋ taa lakaɣ kanɛ yɔ kɔ-cɔlɔ لنگیدن, langidān laŋidan, naŋgbaŋa ɖɔmtʊ). Hɩɖɛ nɖɩ palɩzɩ ɖɔɖɔ Mongol kʊnʊŋ taa Dogolon Tömör (Доголон Төмөр, Tömör, naŋgbaŋa ɖɔnʊ. Pɔyɔɔdʊʊ mbʊ se palʊla Tamerlan ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 8 pɩnaɣ 1336 Kech tɛtʊ taa, pɩkɛ haɖaa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ tɩñɔtɩna Shahrisabz tɛtʊ. Ɛ-yɔɔ tɔm samɩyaa ha-ɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ñʊʊ leleŋ siŋ halɩ pɩcɔ palʊlɩ-ɩ. Ɖɩcɔna ɛ-caa Taragay, ɛkɛ wiyaʊ akpadɩyʊ Turc ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊ yɔɔ, malɩŋ Ɛsɔ sɛyʊ piŋ Barlas liɖe taa, weyi ɛɖaŋaɣ se ɛwɛna ɛyʊ weyi eyebina-ɩ ɛ-ñɩm yɔ, ɖozi kawɩlaɣ ɖoziye naɖɩyɛ. Ɛsɔ tiyiyu nɔyʊ ɛwɛ ɛzɩ evebupɩɣa keɖeɣa ñɩŋa nakayɛ lɩ ɛ-yɔɔ nɛ kɛcɛlɩ-ɩ you saɣ. Ɖoziye nɖɩ pe-egetiye taa shykh nɔyʊ lɩzɩ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ mbʊ se ɛkaɣ wɛnaʊ abalɩpɩɣa nakɛyɛ nɛ kakaɣ wabʊ kedeŋga kpeekpe nɛ you saɣ ŋga.
Pɔyɔɔdʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ se palʊla pɩɣa ŋga lɛ, ke-nesi yɔɔ nɛ calɩm kpem, nɛ pɩtɔzʊʊ Gengis Khan lʊlʊʊ tɔm, ɛzɩ pɛkɛtɩɣ-tʊ Mongol waa kɩbɩnjaazɩ mɛɛsaɣ tɛ tɔm taa yɔ. Ɛ-caa Taragay kaakɛna Barla waa ñʊʊ tʊ. Ɛɛkɛ Karachar Noyan sɛyɩ nɛ ɛwɛ ndɩ lalaa hɛkʊ pe-cejewiye ɛzɩ ɛkɛʊ kajalaɣ tʊ weyi etisi malɩŋ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ tɔm yɔɔ yɔ. Taragay pɩzɩ ɛcɔna sɔɔjɛtʊ tʊma sɔsɔna wena ɛ-caa kaayebina-ɩ a-yɔɔ ɛlɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ ɛ-caa Burkul yɔ, ɛkɩlɩ sɔɔlɩ sukuli labʊ tɔm.
Paɣtʊ (Loi)
Ɛyʊ waɖɛ tʊmɩyɛ nʊmɔʊ taa lɛ, mbʊ payaɣ se paɣtʊ yɔ, ɛyaa maɣmaɣ cakɩna nɛ paɖʊ-tʊ. Paɖuu-tʊ nɛ pɩtɛ lɛ, tɩwɛɛ paa weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ yɔɔ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se paa weyi ɛwɛ paɣtʊ tɛɛ. Paɣtʊ makɩ paa anɩ. Paa ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ, paa kewiyaɣ ñʊʊdʊ, paa paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa maɣmaɣ ñʊʊdʊ, paɣtʊ makɩ-ɩ. Ɖɩkpaɣ habɩyɛ yɔɔ ɖɔm paɣtʊ nɛ ɖɩnaɣ. Pesiɣ haba nʊmayasa taa tilima nɛ paɖʊ a-yɔɔ laatriki miŋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ paɣtʊ tɔŋ se yes laatriki miŋ kɩsɛmɩŋ ɛlɩna kɔyɔ, pʊwɛɛ se lɔɔɖa sayaa nɛ kpokpo sayaa nɛ cɛɛcɛ sayaa pasɩŋ nɛ naŋgbanzɩ ɖɔna ɖɛɛ. Yes laatriki miŋ weyi ɛwɛ ɛzɩ hatʊ tɔlɩm yɔ ɛlɩna kɔyɔ, pʊbʊ payaɣ nʊmɔʊ lɔɔɖa sayaa nɛ kpokpo sayaa nɛ cɛɛcɛ sayaa se pɛɖɛɛ.
Yee mbʊ, paa ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ yaa kewiyaɣ ñʊʊdʊ yaa paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa maɣmaɣ ñʊʊdʊ ɛɖɛɣ nɛ laatriki miŋ kɩsɛmɩŋ lɩɩ kɔyɔ, ɛsɩŋɩɣ. Ɛtasɩŋ kɔyɔ, habɩyɛ yɔɔ polisiwaa mba pasɩwa se pefeŋ nɛ pakpa mba paañaŋ habɩyɛ yɔɔ ɖɔm paɣtʊ yɔ, pakpaɣ-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ.
Toovenum lɛ, paɣtʊ yɔɔ pɩtɩŋnaa nɛ ɛyʊ waɖɛ lɩɩ. Ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, ɖoŋ naadozo ñazɩɣna. Kajalaɣ lɛ, mba pɔɖɔka kewiyaɣ yɔ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ nɛ kewiyaɣ taa caɣyaa lalaa, paba lɛ minisi waa. Ɖoŋ naalɛ ñɩŋ kɛlɛ ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa. Paba payaɣ se tepitee waa (députés). Ɖoŋ naadozo ñɩŋ kɛlɛ tɔm hʊʊ ñʊŋ tɩnaa.
Ɛjaɖɛ ñɩma lɩzɩɣna ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa. Paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa mba pacakɩna nɛ palɩzɩ ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ ndʊ tɩ-yɔɔ pʊwɛɛ se paa ɛjaɖɛ tʊ weyi ɛtɩŋna nɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ wɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ, ajɛya naayɛ taa lɛ, samaɣ tɩŋa cakɩna nɛ palɩzɩ ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ.
Cléopatre
Cléopatre lʋbɛ tʋ hɩɖɛ kɩsɛsɛyɛ kɛlɛ Théa Philopator. Hɩɖɛ Cléopatre tɔbʋʋ kɛlɛ se weyi ɛsɔɔlɩ ɛ-caa pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ yɔ. Patasa-ɩ hɩɖɛ haʋ se Théa Néôteria Philopatris. Ɖɩɖɩ tɔbʋʋ kɛlɛ se ɛsɔ halɩñɩnʋ kɩfalʋ weyi ɛsɔɔlɩ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ yɔ. Awiya pɛlaa payaɣ Cléopatre waa Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ taa. Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛsɔnaa ɖɔ sakɩyɛ.
Ɖoɖoo ɛnɛ ɛkɛ caanaʋ Egipiti tɛ Abiɖe. Ɛkɛ samaɣ ŋga payaɣ se Ptoleme waa yɔ, ke-liɖe taa tʋ. Palʊlɩ-ɩ nɛ pɩla pɩnzɩ nɩnʋwa nɛ hiu nɛ pɩnzɩ nakʋ (69) nɛ pʋcɔ palʋlɩ ɖa-Ñʋʋyaɖʋ Yeesuu-Krɩstʋ. Ɛsɩba kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ naalɛ ñɩŋgʋ wiye. Ɛsɩba nɛ pɩla pɩnzɩ niidozo (30) nɛ pʋcɔ palʋlɩ kedeŋa Ñʋʋyaɖʋ Yeesuu-Krɩstʋ.
Alexandre tɛtʋ taa palʋla-ɩ. Ɛ-caa kɛlɛ Ptolémé naalɛ tʋ. E-ɖoo kɛlɛ Cléopatre loɖo tʋ. Ɛlɛ kɛ Tiriphème tɛtʋ taa tʊ halʋ. Abiɖe Cléopatre lʋbɛ tʋ keɖiyi Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ nɩɩnʋwa (51) nɛ kʋɖʋmaɣ nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ niidozo (30) nɛ pʋcɔ palʋlɩ ɖa-Ñʋʋyaɖʋ Yeesuu-Krɩstʋ. Ɛ nɛ ɛ-ɖalaa nɛ ɛ-walʋ Ɖajaa Ptolémé hiu nɛ naanza tʋ peɖiyaɣna Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa.
Abiɖe Cléopatre lʋbɛ tʋ kaɖʋ taabalɩyɛ nɛ Ɖajaa Jules César nɛ Ɖajaa Marc Antoine. Ɖajaa Marc Antoine kɛkɛ Room ɛjaɖɛ taa sɔɔja sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Abiɖe Cléopatre lʋbɛ tʋ nɛ ɖajaanaa panɛ pa-naalɛ pa-taabalɩyɛ yebina nɛ patɩlɩ-ɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ. Abiɖe ɖɩnɛ, ɖɩlʋlɩna ɛyaa sɔsaa naalɛ panɛ nɛ piya sakɩyɛ.