cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Lao Tseu
Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ pɛcɛlɛyɩ hɩɖɛ size maatɛŋ tɛ Ɛsɔ. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ maɣmaɣ kɛlɛ Li Er. Paa pɩla ɛzɩma yɔ, pɔtɔma size ɛɛkɛ lɔnzɩnɖʋ tʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ yaa n̄amtʋ lɔn tɩlɩʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛlɛ, yee pamaɣzʋʋna pɛtɛ taa sɔnzɩ taa kɔyɔɔ, ɛkɛ Confucius kpaɖʋ yaa wɛɛ taa. Pɩɩkɛ kpaɖɩŋ yaa wɛɛɛ loɖo (6) n̄ɩnɖɛ hɛkʋ nɛ hɛkʋ nɛ pɩcɔ palʋlʋʋ Yesu Krɩstʋ nɛ kagbanzɩ (5) n̄ɩŋgʋ tɛ hɛkʋ nɛ hɛkʋ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ pɩcɔ palʋlʋʋ Yesu krɩstʋ.
Pɩɩkɔɔ pɩsɩna kpaɖɩŋ kpiziuɖe tɛ wɛɛ taa yaa yoliheeɣye nɛ kpiziuɖe yaa lʋŋheeɣye taa. Ɖajaa Lao Tseu kɛ lɩzɩyʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛnʋ lɩzana mbʋ payaɣna Fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "taoïsme". Taoïsme kɛna Ɛsɔ tɔm kpɛlɛkʋʋ hɔɔlɩŋ nɩyɛ nɛ ɛyʋ yɔɔ lɩmaɣza tɩlɩʋ tʋma. Ɛlakɩ lɔnzɩnɖɛ tʋma kpɛlɛkʋʋ.
Sakɩyɛ tɔŋ size, paa pɩla ɛzɩma yɔ, ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size "pays de Chu" ɖɩ-taa palʋla-ɩ kɛ Zhou ajɛɛ kewiisi taa. Ɛzɩma ɛnʋ ɛzɩ, caanaʋ takayasɩ taa ɛ-tɔm tɔɖʋ yaa pɔtɔyɔdɩ ɛ-tɔm pʋɖɔɔ yɔɔ lɛ, patɩla-ɩ pɩtɩŋgɩna kewyaɣ hʋʋ ŋgʋ payaɣna Fransɩɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "dynastie Han" yɔ.
Lao Tseu kɛ mba pɛkɛna Ɛsɔ tɔm kpɛlɛkʋʋ hɔɔlɩŋ nɩyɛ tɩna nɛ ɛyʋ yɔɔ lɩmaɣza tɩlɩʋ tʋma palaɖaa tɛ Ɛsɔ. Mbʋ yɔ, ɛnʋ kɛnɛ tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlɩzɩyʋ. Ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlaɖaa payaɣna Fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "taoïstes" waa. Ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ Siini taa peeɖe lɛ, paya-ɩ size Tàishàng lǎojūn pʋtɔbʋʋ size Ɛsɔ kɩlɩm Lao, paya tobi Fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa «Seigneur suprême Lao».
Pama ɖajaa sɔsɔ Lao Tseu ɛnɛ ɛtɛ sɩɣʋʋ kpelaɣ. Pama-ɩ nɛ tandaʋ kʋlʋmʋʋ nakʋyʋ ɛ-tamaɣ tɛɛ. Ŋna-ɩ ŋtɔŋ size akpadɛyʋʋ mɛwɛna mɛ-ɛsa. Ɛkɛ,
Alizerii you tɔm
Alizerii taa mba mba pañɩnaɣ se pɛwɛɛ pa-tɩ yɔɔ kpataa yɔ, pañaɣ miŋ Alizerii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Palʋba pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ tɔm lutozo se pamʊʋ kewiyaɣ nɛ ɖoŋ. Palaba nɔɔ se pakaɖɩna po-koyindu Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ n̄ʋʋdʋ. Pɛ-ŋgbɛyɛ payawaɣ se "FLN" (Front de Libération Nationale). Pɩlaba mbʊ lɛ, malɩfanaa paɣzɩ kou Alizerii ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ
Latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ, Latɛŋ taa lɛ lingua Latīna ou Latīna lingua kɛ Italii kʊnʊŋ nɛ kɩlɩna Ɛndɩ-Erɔpʊ cejewiye taa nɛ kiɖetɛ lɛ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ kʊ nɛ Latium nɛ Room antique pa-da. Nɛ paa pamaazɩɣ nabʊyʊ taa se kɩ-kɛ kʊnʊŋ kɩsɩbʊ kɔyɔ kɩ-tɛ tɩlɩtʊ nɛ kɩ-tɛ labɩnaʊ wɛɛ Sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa nɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa sɔŋzi nasɩyɛ tɛ laya kpeekpe cɔlɔ. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ paɖɩna kʊ wɩlɩʊ sukuli na cɩkpema taa nɛ sukuli kɩtɛzɩŋ sakɩyɛ taa.
Koŋgo Pɔɔ
Koŋgo kɛ lɩm pɔɔ ŋga kɛ-tɛ lɛ, Afrika hɛkʊ taa nɛ kalɩna piyasi sɔsɔsɩ sɩwɛ kɛnɛ Afrika nɛ haɖɛ yɔ kɩŋ kamaɣ yɔ yɔ nɛ kɛtɛzʊʊ ajɛyɛ sakɩyɛ pɩkɩlɩna Koŋgo ɛjaɖɛ waɖɛ ndɛ taa nɛ kɛkpɛndʊʊ ka-tɩ Atɩlantɩkɩ teŋgu taa. Lɩm pɔɔ sɔsɔ ŋga kapɩsɩ kamaɣ nɛ Koŋgo waɖɛ tɛ ŋgʊ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Koŋgo ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Aŋgoola ɛjaɖɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Payaɣ pɔɔ ŋga kɔ-hɔɔlʊʊ sɔsɔʊ se Lwalaba yaa Lualaba nɛ pɩnzɩ 1970 nɛ 1990 pɩpɩsaɣ Sayiiri alɩwaatʊʊ taa lɛ, payaɣ pɔɔ ŋga kekpeekpe se Sayiiri. Kalɩkɩŋ talɩ kilomɛta 4700 nɛ kɛ-kɛ kedeŋga taa pɔsɩ kɩɖalaɣsɩ taa pɔɔ lutozo ŋga Amazonɩ wayi pɩlɩna kɛ-tɛ pɔɔ hoɖe 80 832 m3/s yɔ pɩkɩla kɔyɔ. Pɩsa nɛ pewili nɛ patɩlɩ teŋgu lɩŋguu palɩza nɛ pɩlɩna lɩm pila ɖalakɩŋ yɔ pɩnaɣ 2008 taa nɛ pɩwɩlɩɣ se lɩm pɔɔ ŋga kakɩlɩna lɩŋguu kedeŋga kpeekpe taa. Kɛ-tɛ lɩŋguu cɛzʊʊ mɛta waa 220 nɛ pɛwɛ ɛzɩ lɩm huyuu nɔmɔŋ lɩm tɛɛ yɔ. Lɩm mbʊ pɩtaa wɛ likaŋ sɔsɔŋ weyi papɩzʊʊ pamazɩɣ yɔ nɛ pɩwɛ kʊñɔŋ nɛ piyɔɔ kɩŋ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ heelɩm ɖoŋ hʊwa tuda. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Pɔrɩtɩkɛ kpɛlɛkɩyʊʊ Diogo Cão kɔma takʊʊ se ɛkpɛlɛkɩ Koŋgo pɔɔ ɛwadɩyɛ taa ɖɩsʊyɛ pɩnaɣ 1482 yɔ ɛma pɔɔ kɩdeŋ yɔ koloŋga nɛ kaaŋ se pɩwɩlɩ se ɛɖɔm nɛ peɖe kɩŋ. Mbʊ pɩkpaɣna nɛ paya-kɛ kacalaɣ yaʊ se Rio de Pedrão pʊtɔbʊʊ se koloŋga pɔɔ. Koŋgo kewiyaɣ tɛ wɛʊ lɩm ɖɩlɩyɛ cɔlɔ yebina se Pɔrɩtɩkɛ waa ɛyaa pɔɔ ŋga se Koŋgo.
Latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ
Latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ palakɩna kʊ tʊmɩyɛ paa ɖoye se palɩzɩna tɔmpe kɩfana sakɩyɛ kɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ cejewaa sakɩyɛ taa. Latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ nɛ kɩ-halɩbɩya, Romanɩ kʊnʊmɩŋ ɛlɛ payaɣ nabʊyʊ taa se Latɛŋ waa kɩfama, eyeke koŋ ɛwɛna Italii kʊnʊmɩŋ pɩlɩŋga taa. Pɩlɩnzɩ lɛɛsɩɣ wɛɛ cɩɖɩ cɩɖɩ ɖooo pʊcɔ italii romanɩ alɩwaatʊ takayasɩ taa, ɛlɛ paɖʊ-tʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ alɩwaatʊ taa yaa paɖʊ-tʊ ajɛyɛ tamsʊ nɔɣ alɩwaatʊ taa ndʊ paya se Empɩrɩ.
Koŋgo Pɔɔ
Tɔsʊʊ tɔm taa lɛ, Koŋgo pɔɔ kɛnɛ kɛna wazaɣ kamaɣ fɛyɩ. Kɔ-nɔɔ yɔɔ kɛ pakɩlɩɣ tadɩyɛ labʊ; ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, peeɖe kɛ ladiɖiki mɩŋ lɩɣna. Pɔɔŋga kɔyɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ kɛ pama ladiriki mɩŋ kɩkaaŋ. Mbʊ lɛ ɛjaɖɛ kewiyaɣ tɛ piya yaɣ pɔɔ ŋga se Nzadi yaa yɔɔdɔɣ taa lɛ, Nzaï. Tɔmpiye ndɩ Pɔrɩtɩkɛ waa lɩzɩɣ ɖɩtɔbʊʊ kpaɖʊ hɩʊ nɛ loɖo taa nɛ pɩpɩsɩɣ Zaïre, hɩɖɛ ndɩ Mobutu lakɩna nɛ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ ɛya se waɖɛ Koŋgo ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɩm pɔɔ mbʊ pɩnzɩ 1971 pɩtalɩ 1997.
Latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ
Roma kɩbɩnɩʊ tɛ tɛtʊ walʊ wɩlɩʊ ɛzima Latɛŋ mɩza sakɩyɛ sakɩyɛ kɛ pɩkpaʊ na kpaɖʊ naatozo ŋgʊ pʊcɔ palʊlʊʊ Yeesu Chrɩtʊ yɔ. kɩ-kɛ Romanɩ Empɩrɩ kʊnʊŋ sɔsɔʊ. kɩwalɩ sakɩyɛ kɛ Erɔpʊ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ hɔlʊʊ taa nɛ Afrika nɛ hayi kɩŋ nɛ Azii cɩkpelʊʊ taa nɛ Danubɩ ageetaa taa. Empɩrɩ tɛɛ lɛ Latɛŋ kɛ waɖɛ kʊnʊŋ kɩ-kɛ Romanɩ komina tʊmɩyɛ kʊnʊŋ nɛ sɔɔjɛtʊ kʊnʊŋ nɛRomanɩ ajɛyɛ sakɩyɛ tɛ kʊnʊŋ kɩnɛ Krɛsɩ kʊnʊŋ nɛ ageetaa taa kʊnʊmɩŋ.
Laɖɩyɛ
Laɖɩyɛ kɛ wonuu ŋgʋ palakɩna kʋ nɛ n̄ɩɣyʋʋ fɛlɛfɛlɛ hɔɔlaɣ yɔ. Laɖɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ, ɖɩwɛ n̄ɩɣtʋ n̄ɩɣɖɛ tɩyɛ. Ŋna laɖɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ kɔyɔ, ɖɩwɛ ɛzɩ pɩyɛ kɩsaɣyɛ tɩyɛ. Kpoŋgbolo ɖaʋ n̄ɩŋgʋ nakʋyʋ yɔɔ patama laɖɩyɛ nɖɩ.
Laɖɩyɛ nɖɩ-ɩ miŋ ɖiziyaa kpaɣkʋʋ nɛ patʋlʋʋna kuduyuŋ nɔnɔsɩ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ miŋ asɛɣyʋ nakʋyʋ lakɩ ɖolii lɛ yɔ.
Archimède
Syracuse tɛ Archimède (Krɛkɩ kɩbɩnʊʊ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, Ἀρχιμήδης / Arkhimếdês). Palʊla-ɩ Syracuse pɩnaɣ 287 alɩwaatʊ cɔlɔ mbʊ yɔ pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesuu Krɩstʊ. Ɛsɩ tɛtʊ kʊyʊm ndʊ tɩtaa kɛ pɩnaɣ 212 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesuu Krɩstʊ. Ɛɛkɛ tɩlɩyɛ tʊ Sicile tɛtʊ taa kɛ Krɛkɩ (Krɛsɩ Sɔsɔʊ) kɩbɩnjaazɩ alɩwaatʊ taa, ɛkɛ tomnasɩ ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ, lɛɣtʊ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ nɛ ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ tambaɣ lɩzɩyʊ. Paa patɩtɩlɩ ɛ-yɔɔ tɔm sakɩyɛ e-fezuu caɣʊ alɩwaatʊ taa kɔyɔ pana se ɛkɛ lɛɣtʊ tɩnaa taa niye mʊyʊ nɔyʊ canaʊ cɔlɩɩ ŋgʊ taa.
Ɛɛlaba ɖɔɖɔ kpɛdɛ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ ɛɖʊ ɖaʊ kiseɣnaʊ tʊmɩyɛ ɛ-tʊma alɩwaatʊ taa. Ɛla ɖɔɖɔ lɩm tɛ ɖiɣ ɖiɣ caɣʊ kpɛlɛʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ. Walaa taa pamazɩ se ɛnʊ kɛnɛ lɛɣtʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊma laɖaa niye mʊyʊ canaʊ taa nɛ ɛnʊ kaakɩlɩ patɩŋa payɩ pɛ-tɛ wɛɛ taa. Archimède hiɣ sɩm alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pasɩwaɣ Syracuse pɩtɩŋna sɔɔja nɔɔyʊ malɩfa pɩyɛ ŋgʊ paaɖɩnɛ-ɩ haʊ paɣtʊ se ɛta camɩ-ɩ.
Mbʊ payɩ ɛdʊ nɛ e-nesi siɣye taa, patatɩlɩ piŋ Archimède lɛɣtʊ tʊma takayasɩ pʊɖɔɔ canaʊ taa.Alɛksandrii tɛtʊ taa lɛɣtʊ tɩna kalɩ-sɩ nɛ posusi sɩ-tɔm, ɛlɛ kajalaɣ palɩzɩ sɩ-tɔbʊʊ pɩtɩŋna Isidore Millet tɛ ñɩnʊ yɔɔ lɛ, pɩtalɩ pɩnzɩ 530 kɛ Yeesuu Krɩstʊ lʊlʊʊ wayɩ.
Patatɩlɩ ɛ-yɔɔ tɔm sakɩyɛ ɛtɛ fezuu caɣʊ alɩwaatʊ taa pʊɖɔɔ. Pasɩŋ se ɛɛwɛna halʊ yaa ɛtafɛyɩna. Ɖɔɖɔ patatɩlɩ se ɛwɛ pɩɣa yaa ɛfɛyɩna. Ɛ-yɔɔ tɔm ndʊ pasɩma tɩlɩna keeke Polyre cɔlɔ (202 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesuu Krɩstʊ ŋtalɩ 127 pʊcɔ ɖɔɖɔ palʊlɩ Yeesuu Krɩstʊ), Plutarque (46-125) nɛ Tite-Live (59 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesuu Krɩstʊ ŋtalɩ 17 Yeesuu Krɩtʊ lʊlʊʊ wayɩ) yaa ɖɔɖɔ kʊtɔmɩyɛ tɔm ndʊ kuduyuŋ mayʊ sɔsɔ Vitruve tɔma yɔ.
Pɛkɛdɩ-ɖʊ se palʊla-ɩ Syracuse pɩnaɣ 287 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesuu Krɩstʊ. Ɛ-caa, pɔtɔŋ pʊwɛ ɛzɩ ɛɛkɛ tɩyɩnzɩ yɔɔ kpɛlɛkʊʊ niye mʊyʊ, Phidias, ɛlɛ kaapazɩnɛ-ɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ. Pamazɩ se ɛtɛza e-sukuli kɛ Alɛxandrii sukuli mahɩkʊya taa kɛnɛ. Pɔtɔŋ ɖɔɖɔ se tovonum lɛ, ɛnɛ ɛ-wɩlɩyaa pasɩma ɖama mbʊ pɩyɔɔ pana takayasɩ nasɩyɛ nzɩ ɛnɛ wɩlɩyaa mba pamaɣa ɖama yɔ. Archimède kaañɔtɩna kpam Syracuse wiyaʊ Hiéron 2 tɔm hʊʊ kadaɣ mbʊ lɛ, ɛcaŋ ɛpazɩ tmbaɣ tʊmɩyɛ kpaagba nɛ ɛsɩna nɛ ɛɖaŋgʊ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩyɔɔ puniki you naalɛ ŋgʊ. Archimède ɛnʊ ɛsɩ pɩnaɣ 212 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesuu Krɩstʊ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Marcellus Room ñɩnʊ mʊ ɛ-tɛtʊ yɔ.
Henry Ford
Henry Ford kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Etaazuunii yɔ ɖɩ-tɛtʋ taa pɩɣa. Palʋla-ɩ Hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ taa kɩyakʋ hiŋ naadozo (30) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye pɩnaɣ 1863 n̄ɩŋga taa. Egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa palʋla ɖajaa sɔsɔ Henry Ford ɛnɛ yɔ, nɖɩ payaɣ size Dearborn, ɖɩwɛ Michigan ɛjadɛ nɖɩ ɖɩɖɩ kɛna Etaazuunii tɛ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe naaɖɩ yɔ ɖɩ-taa.
Ɖajaa ɛnʋ, ɛsɩba ɖomaɣ fenaɣ taa kɩyakʋ lʋbɛ (7) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye pɩnaɣ 1947 n̄ɩŋga taa. Tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa ɛsɩba yɔ, ndʋ payaɣ size Dearborn ɖenɖe paalʋla-ɩ yɔ. Ɖajaa Henry Ford ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ tʋma ndɩ ndɩ laɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa peeɖe.
Kɔnɔɔ kpaɖʋ hɛkʋ nɛ hɛkʋ n̄ɩŋgʋ taa mbɩ yɔɔ lɛ, ɖajaa ɛnɛ ɛkɛkɛna ndɩ ndɩ tʋma laɖʋ sɔsɔ weyi patawayɩ liuu siŋŋ yɔ. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɛnʋ kaakɛna lɔɔɖa ɖɩlaɖɛ lone tʋmɩyɛ tʋ. Ɛtʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ size Ford. Ɖɩsɩma mbʋ size ɛ-hɩɖɛ lɛ Ford, nɖɩ pakpaɣ nɛ patamasɩna ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ nɛ pɩpɩsɩ fɔrdɩsɩm.
Poluki wendu ɖama yɔɔ ɖama yɔɔ nɛ pɩwɛ pɩlɔɔ. Tʋmɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ, ɛzɩma ɛnʋ sɩzɩ poluki ɖɩ-taa wondu kahɛza kɛ tam mbɩ yɔ lɛ, pɛhɛyaa tʋma laɖaa liidiye nsakɩyɛ tɔyɩ.
Alizeerii
Alizeerii ɛjaɖɛ kɛ Afrika nɛ kɩ-hayi kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɖɩwɛ ajɛya wena akpɛndaa nɛ payaɣ-yɛ se Maagrɛɛbʊ yɔ a-taa. Alizeerii ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Alizee. Tɩwɛ Alizeerii nɛ kɩ-hayi kiŋ Mediteranee teŋgu cɔlɔ kpam. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩna samaɣ wɛnaʊ. Afrika kpeekpe taa lɛ, Alizeerii tɛtʊ kɩlɩna walʊʊ. Tɩwalaa pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa agbaba ɛzɩ 2 381 741 mbʊ yɔ.
Alizeerii ɛjaɖɛ sɩna Tuniizii nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hayi kiŋ. Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɖeyi ɖeyi lɛ, Liibii ɛjaɖɛ; piyele nɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ, Nizɛɛrɩ nɛ Malii ajɛya. Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ, Moritaanii nɛ Sahara wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ ɖeyi ɖeyi lɛ, Marɔkɩ ɛjaɖɛ. Alizeerii taa ɛyaa laba kʊñɔŋ siŋŋ. Palʊba lʊbɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ siŋŋ nɛ poyoo yoŋ sakɩyɛ nɛ pʊcɔ pɛwɛɛ pa-tɩ yɔɔ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakɩŋ kagbaanzɩ ñɩŋgʊ, wiye pɩnaɣ 1962 taa.
Alizeerii ɛjaɖɛ wɛ kedeŋa kpeekpe ajɛya kpɛndʊʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se ONU ŋgbɛyɛ yɔ ɖɩ-taa. Alizeerii ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ, ɖɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ Afrika ajɛya kpɛndʊʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ ɖɩɖɩ se Union africaine yɔ ɖɩ-taa, pɩ nɛ ɖama nɩnaʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩɩtɩŋɩɣ nɔɔyʊ wayɩ nɛ kpaɣnɛ ɖooo kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ pɩnaɣ 1962 taa yɔ, Alizeerii ɛjaɖɛ sʊ Ligue arabe ŋgbɛyɛ taa. Lɛlaɣ fenaɣ, pɩnaɣ 1989 taa kɛ Alizeerii nɛ Maagrɛɛbʊ ajɛya palaba nɔɔ nɛ patʊlɩ kɩgaʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ sɔnɔ se Union du Maghreb arabe (UMA) yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ, ɖɛwɛ ɖɔɖɔ Mediiteranee ŋgbɛyɛ kɩkpɛndʊʊ taa pɩnaɣ 2008 taa.
Alizeerii kaŋgalafʊ nimaɣ paɣzɩɣna +213 nɛ liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkɩ peeɖe yɔ, payaɣ-ɖɩ se Alizeerii Dinar.
Kinee-Ekwatoriyaaalɩ
Kinee-Ekwatoriyaaalɩ kɛna Afrika hɛkʊ n ɛ hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛna hɔɔlɩŋ naalɛ: lɛɛkʊ kɛ tɛtʊ maɣmaɣ nɛ lɛɛkʊ lɛ lɩm cʊ-kʊ kpɛɛ nɛ pɩta. Kacalaɣ hɔɔlʊ wɛ Kameruni nɛ Kaabɔnɩ pɛhɛkʊ taa nɛ naalɛ ñɩŋgʊ ñɛwɛna tɛtʊ ñabɩ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ nɛ pɩta nɛ payaɣ-tʊ se Piyoka nɛ Anoobonɩ yɔ tɩ-hɛkʊ taa.
Nabayɛ maɣ Kiinee-Ekuwatooriyalɩ ne paahɛʊ cɩŋga hɩla naalɛ ana ahɛkʊ taa. pamaɣ yerm se: Kiinee ekuwatooriyalɩ. Nabʊlɛ lɛ paamaɣna mayaɣ sɔsɔwa se pɩwɩlɩ se se pɩkɛna Hiɖɛ sɔsɔyɛ. Fransɩ cɔnaɣ nɛ ɛna mbʊ lɛ ɛtɔ se pɩfɛyɩ ɖɛu kɛ mbʊ nɛ ɛtɔ se pataama se: Kiinee ekʊwatooriyalɩ yem mbʊ pʊwɛɛ se paña ŋe pama nɛ pɛhɛɛ cɩŋga hɩla ana ahɛkʊ taa nɛ pamana ɖɔɖɔ mayaɣ sɔsɔwa mbʊ see: Kiinee-Ekʊwatoriyalɩ. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩtaatɩɩ wɛtaa ɖɩt-tɩ yɔɔ yɔ payaɣ-ɖɩ Kiinee ɛsɩpañɔɔlɩ. Yee pɩwɛɛ se pɔyɔɔdɩ Kiinee-Ekʊwatoriyalɩ caanaʊ tɔm natʊyʊ kɔyɔ, kɩhɔɔlɩŋ naalɛ ɛnʊ ɛ-tɔm kpem kɛ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ: kacalaɣ hɔɔlʊ nŋgʊ kɩwɛ Kameruni nɛ Kaabɔnɩ pɛhɛkʊ taa yɔ nɛ naalɛ ñɩŋgʊ lɛ ŋgʊ lɩm cɔ-kʊ ko nɛ pɩta yɔ. Pɔcɔnaa lɛ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 8000 pɩcɔ nɛ palʊlʊʊ Yesu lɛ lɩm cɔ Kiinee tɛtʊ ndʊ nɛ pɩta yɔ tɩɩtama nɛ ɖama nɛ pɩcɔ nɛ pɩwayɩ lɩm wadɩ-tʊ nɛ pɩtɛyɩ ɖama.Pañɩnaa nɛ pana se ɛyaa kɑwɛ Musumuu taa kɛ pɩnzɩ 30000 taa pɩcɔ nɛ palʊlʊʊ Yesu. Pɩtasɩ lɛ pana kpankuɖum waa naŋgbansɩ kɛ Paataa nɛ Riyoo Muuni kɛ pɩnzɩ 3000 taa kɛ mbʊ yɔ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pana nama yaa pɛ wena pasaɣ yɔ kɛ hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-taa.
Piyoko tɔm ñɛwɛna ndɩ kpem mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ñɩnɩyaa kaɣ peeɖe tɔm lɛɣzɩɣ pazɩ. Pɩnaɣ 1960 taa pañɩna nɛ pana se peeɖe tɛtɛɛ ñɩm yaa kaaŋ wɛ naputozo taa nɛ weyi ɛna mbʊ yɔ ɛkɛ Ɛsipañɔɔlɩ eɨaɖɛ taa tʊ. Nabɛyɛ tɔŋ se Piyokoo taa pʊʊ-taa ñɩmba nabɛyɛ kaacaɣ pɩnzɩ 3500 taa nɛ pʊcɔ palʊlʊʊ Yesu ɛlɛ nabʊyʊ ɛwɩlʊ se tovonim yaa pɛcɛtɩɣ tɔm ndʊ. Ñɩnɩyaa mba pekpeela Timbaabe yɔ pawayɩ lɛ; nabayɛ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ; pa-taa kɔyɔ: Karbonera, Polawʊpi, Puyela nɛ Palombe. Ɛlɛ tɔm tʊnɛ yɔ tɩkɛ ɖooo canaʊ taa tɔm natʊyʊ.
Kiinee-Ekuwatoriyalɩ hɔɔlʊ naalɛ ñɩŋgʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛna Kameruni nɛ Kaabɔnɩ pɛhɛkʊ taa yɔ, ñɩnɩyaa tatɩɩñɩnɩta nɛ pana nabʊyʊ ɛlɛ pɔtɔŋ se paapɩɩla wee yɔ peeɖe nɛ Kamerunɩ hadɛ kiŋ nɛ Liibeɖevili pɔ-tɔm lɩɣ ɖama.
Eolien
Mbʋ puwobina heelim yɔɔ yɔ payaɣ se "éolien". Ɖooo kpaɖɩŋ 17-18 taa papaɣzɩ tɔmpiye ńɖɩ yɔɔdʋʋ. Pɔyɔɔdʋʋ-ɖɩ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa. Ɛbɛ payaɣa "éolien" ɖooo sɔnzɩ taa?
Wendu teu taa ɖɔɖɔ mbʋ yɔ, pɔyɔɔdʋʋ heelim tɔm. Tɔmpiye "la" pɛkɛdaɣna heelim. Ɛlɛ, pɩfɛyɩ se ɛyaa ɛkpaɣ tɔmpiye ńɖɩ nɛ pama nʋkɔyʋ, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩlɛɣzɩ. Wonuu nakʋyʋ wɛɛ payaɣ-kʋ se "harpe éolienne". Ŋgʋʋ heelim makɩna ku-so. Payaɣ-kʋ ɖɔɖɔ se "éoli-harpe".
Fritawnɩ
Fritawnɩ kɛna Siyeeraa Leyɔɔnɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkɩla walazɩ yɔ ɛ ndʊ ɖɔɖɔ tɩkɛna peeɖe tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ ɖɔɖɔ. Fritawnɩ kɛna Englɩsɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa yatʊ nɛ tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩwɛ tɩ-tɩ yɔɔ yem yɔ. Teŋnu ɣʊ kɩwɛ peeɖe yɔ kɩwɛna tɛtʊ ndʊ nɛ tɩ-hayʊ kɩŋ. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kɛ tɔsʊʊ nɛ ɛsɩnda wobu, poliyiki kpelasi kutuyiŋ nɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ palakɩ pɩ-tɛ kediizasɩ sɔsɔsɩ payɩ, tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ palakɩ amʊza nɛ aleya ndɩ ndɩ.
Mba patʊla tʊma ndɩ ndɩ nɛ pɛwɛ pa-tɩ yɔɔ yɔ nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna taa sɩnɩyaa mba patʊla tʊma ndɩ ndɩ yɔ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ patʊla pa-tʊma ana. Fritawnɩ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-tɔsʊʊ lɩna teŋu ŋgʊ kɩwɛ peeɖe yɔ nɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ, teŋu ŋgʊ ki-kidiiliŋ wɛ kidiiliŋ weyi ɛkɩla liŋgu yɔ. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa maɣna kilomɛtanaa 357. Pɩnaɣ 2004 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊ lɛ ɛyaa mba paanaa yɔ pɛkpɛnda 1 070 200.
Peeɖe ɛyaa ɖɔ pɩtɩɩfɛyɩ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɛlaa nɛ efebiya peseɣ pʊŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa nɛ powoki pacakɩ peeɖe se paahiu tʊma pala nɛ pe-wezu caaʊ lɛɛzɩ pazɩ. Tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-tɛ kidiiliŋ ŋgʊ kɩkɩla liŋgu yɔ ŋgʊ lɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa Abiɖe nɖɩ payaɣ se Elizabeth Naalɛ tʊ yɔ. Payaɣ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-tɛ maalika yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ se Herbert George-Williams.
Kpakpayaɣ
Ɛzɩ sɩkɛʊ tɔɔnaɣ yɔ, paɣ ɛjaɖɛ ŋɖɩ lɛ ɖɩtaa lɛ; pʊwɛ se kpakpasɩ nzɩ pɔɖɔɔ sɩ yaa pakpaazɩ lɩmdaa nɛ pɔɔ cɔlʊʊ.
Kpakpaysɩ nzɩ sɩwɛna waza sɩŋŋ, haɖaʊ taa, ɛsɔ nɩmaʊ taa, mʊya hɔlʊʋ taa, pɩtasɩna takayɩsɩ maʊ ɖeɖe nɛ filim naa labʊ taa ɖɔɖɔ.
Alto
Ɛlɛ, alto paɣlaa pɩkɩlɩ viɔlɔɔ. Ki-witu lɛɛzɩɣ sakɩyɛ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ 128 Hz nɛ pɩsɩna 2600 Hz mbʋ yɔ.
Ki-loyaɣ ɖasam loniye wala siŋŋ.
Soo n̄ɩɣyʋ kʋnɛ, kʋ-tʋma sɔsɔna kpaɣna ɖooo kpaɖʋʋ 18 ŋgʋ taa nɛ Georg Philipp Telemann tɛ konserto maʋ yɔ. Ɖɩnaɣ ɖɔɖɔ Symphonie concertante kɛ vɩɔlɔ nɛ alto Mozart hɩɖɛ taa. Stamitz nɛ Hoffmeister nɛ pɩtasɩna Rolla ɖɔɖɔ pa-tʋma taa.
Kpaɖʋʋ 20 taa lɛ, minziiki wondu luɖaa sakɩyɛ kama ɖɔɖɔ konserto waa kɛ alto hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Ɛyaa panɛ ɖɔɖɔ : Béla Bartók, nɛ Paul Hindemith,nɛ pɩtasɩna William Walton.
Alto kɛ minziiki ɖandɛ n̄ɩŋʋ.
Englɩsɩɩ kʊnʊŋ
Englɩsɩɩ tɔm kɛ Ɛndɩ-Erɔpʊ Caamaniki kʊnʊŋ. Kɩtɛ lɛ Angleterre, kʊñɔ lila kɛ Erɔpʊ nɛ hayɩ kɩŋ kʊnʊmɩŋ taa, tɛtʊ ŋdʊ tɩtɛ Angles nɛ Saxons nɛ Frisons. Fransɩɩ tʊ nɛ Normand tʊ yebi na se Englisɩɩ tɔm yɔɔkʊʊ nɛ tɩ-tʊzʊʊ ɛwɛɛ camɩyɛ. Roma taa kʊnʊmɩŋ wɩzii Englisɩɩ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, Latɛŋ masɩ nɛ Arabɩɩ masɩ palakina tʊmɩyɛ.
Englisɩɩ tɔm kɛ kʊnʊŋ sɔsɔʊ kɛ Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ (Royaume-Uni) ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ Irlandɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ajɛyɛ sakɩyɛ wena lɩm cɔyɛ nɛ pɩta yɔ a-daa ɛzɩ Man lɩm taa ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Anglo-Nɔrɩmandɩɩ lɩm taa ɛjaɖɛ yɔ. Englisɩɩ tɔm kɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ mba palʊlɩ-wɛ ɛjaɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩtaa yɔ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ. Nɛ ɖɩcɔŋna yɔ ɖɩnaɣ se kɩ-kɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ sɔsɔŋ taa kʊnʊŋ sɔsɔʊ kɛ ajɛyɛ naayɛ taa, ɛzɩ doo canaʊ yoma kpaʊ alʊwaatʊ taa ajɛyɛ wena Britaanikɩɩ mba kaa-ɖʊ ayɔ nesɩ yɔ, a-daa kɔyɔ Etaazuunii nɛ Kanadaa nɛ Ositraalii nɛ Seelandɩ-Kɩfalʊʊ (Nouvelle-Zélande), pɛkpɛndʊʊ yɛ lɛ payaa-yɛ se anglo-saxon ɛjaɖɛ, ɛlɛ padalɩzɩ hɩɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ nɩʊ kaʊ.
Kedeŋga kpeekpe taa kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pakɩlɩ yɔɔdʊʊ yɔ ɛtaa lɛ Englɩsɩɩ kɛ naadozo ŋgʊ yee ɖɩkpaɣ mba palʊlɩwɛ nɛ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ kʊ yɔ, Siinɩɩ kɛnɛ kajalaɣ ŋgʊ nɛ Ɛsɩpaañɔlɩ kɛ naalɛ ŋgʊ. Pamaɣzɩ se nɔnɔ taa kɩkɛ ajɛyɛ tɩŋga kʊnʊŋ mbʊ lɛ papaazɩɣ kʊ wɩlɩʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe taa ɛzɩ kʊnʊŋ kɩfalʊʊ. Kɩ-kɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlɩ kʊ labɩnaʊ tʊmɩyɛ Ɛntɛrɩnɛtɩɩ yɔɔ yɔ. Englisɩɩ kɛ kʊnʊŋ siŋ kɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ sɔsɔŋ loɖo taa nɛ tʊmɩyɛ taa kʊnʊmɩŋ sɔsɔŋ naalɛ kɩ-nɛ Fransɩɩ kɛ kedeŋga kpeekpe ajɛyɛ kɩgbɛndʊ nɔɔ kʊɖʊmaɣ tʊmɩyɛ taa.
Aristote
Aristote kɛna ɛyʋ yɔɔ lɩmaɣza n̄ɩnɩyʋ nɛ Krɛsɩ taa ñɩnɩyʊ weyi ɛñɩnɩɣ se ɛjaɖɛ ɛɖɛɛna ɛsɩnda yɔ. Palʊla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 384 taa nɛ pʊcɔ palʊlʊʊ Yeesu. Palʊla-ɩ Stagir, Macédoine ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛsɩ pɩnaɣ 322 Chalcis, Eubée tɛtʊ taa. Ɛkɛ n̄ɩnɩyʋ weyi payaɣ se Platon yɔ ɛ-lɩmɖʊyʊ. Pɔcɔna-wɛ ɛzɩ mba kedeŋa kpeekpe tatɩɩnada se nɔɔyʊ pɩzaa ɛwɛɛna ñʊʊ taa lɩmaɣza camɩyɛ ɛzɩ ḿba yɔ. Ɛma takayasɩ 200 nɛ sɩ-taa lɛ 35 yɔɔdʋʋ lɔŋ tɔm.
Aristote ma takayasɩ pinzɩ XVIII taa nɛ pɩtɛ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, ɛyʋ yɔɔ lɩmaɣza labʋ nɛ sɩyansɩ pataawɛɛ ndɩ ndɩ camɩyɛ. Aristote cɔlɔ lɛ, filozofii kɛna lɔŋ ñɩnʋʋ nɛ camɩyɛ tɔm nɛ mbʊ sɩŋna ɛyʊ nɛ ɛtʊʊzɩ ɖeu. Sɩyansɩ tɔbʋʋ se toovenim ñɩnʋʋ nɛ mbʊ pɩcɛtɩɣ ɛyʊ yɔ pi-yebu. Aristote kɛ mbʋ payaɣ se "pragmatique" yɔ pɩkɩlɩ Platon, weyi ɛkɛ ɛ-tɛ wɩlɩyʊ maɣmaɣ yɔ. Ɛkɛza ɛ-sɛ toovenim ñɩnʋʋ nʋmɔʋ taa siŋŋ.
Tʊkaɣ nakɛyɛ wɛ kpayɩ kpayɩ ɖɔɖɔ pɛ-tɛ ñʊʊ taa lɔŋ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ taa ɖɔɖɔ. Aristote sɩm wayɩ lɛ, ɛ-hɩɖɛ tatasɩ sɛʊ kpaŋŋŋ ɛzɩ ɛkɛwɛʊ nɛ ɛ-ɛsɛ yɔ. Ɛlɛ, pɩpɔzɩɣ se ɛyʊ ɛɖaŋ Antiquité nɛ ɛ-hɩɖɛ ɖaɣnɩ tasɩɣ sɛʊ camɩyɛ. Yee tuuɖe tɛtʊ taa mba ɛɛlakɩ ɛ-lɩmaza nɛ tʊmɩyɛ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ, byzantin nɛ malɩŋ cɔlɔ lɛ, ɛ-tɔm kɛ nabʊyʊ. Krɩstʊ mba maamaɣ ɛɛlɔʊ ɛ-tɔm. Ɛlɛ kaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ wɛ pazɩ yee Krɩstʊ mba ɛlakɩ ɛ-tɔm nɛ tʊmɩyɛ kɔyɔ.
Alɛkɩsandrii
Alɛkɩsandrii kɛna Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔ natʊyʊ nɛ pɩnaɣ 2010 taa pakalɩ ɛyaa kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛ, pɛɖɛ miliyɔɔnaa 4 300 000 mbʊ yɔ. Ɛlɛ sɩŋŋŋ taa lɛ pɛkpɛnda ɛyaa 4 388 219 hab. Ɛyʊ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Alexandre Sɔsɔ yɔ ɛnʊ kaalɛɣna peeɖe caaʊ ɖooo pɩnzɩ -331 taa pʊcɔ nɛ palʊlʊʊ Yeesu, mbʊ yebina nɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ pasʊʊ-tʊ hɩɖɛ se Alɛkɩsandrii.
Pʊcɔ nɛ ɖooo caanaʊ taa tɔm kɔŋ lɛ, Alɛkɩsandrii kaakɛna Egipiti tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ kacalaɣ ñɩndʊ. Peeɖe palakaɣ tadɩyɛ sɩŋŋŋ nɛ ɛsakuliye tɔm taa lɛ, peeɖe kɛ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ ɛzɩ Mediteranee mba yɔ pɛkpɛndaɣ nɛ palakɩ amʊʊza ndɩ ndɩ ɖɔɖɔ.
Sɔnɔ taa mbʊ yɔ tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Kɛɛrɩ yɔ ndʊ kacalaɣ ñɩndʊ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa nɛ Alɛkɩsandrii tɛtʊ natʊlɛ ndʊ. Alɛkɩsandrii tɛtʊ wɛ Niili Pɔɔ ka-ɖɩyasɩyɛ cɔlɔ, lɩŋgamʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Mareyotisi yɔ nɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ nɛ pɩta nɛ payaɣ-tʊ Farɔsɩ yɔ tɩ-hɛkʊbtaa. Alɛkɩsandrii maalika ñʊʊtʊ payaɣ se Abdel Fattah Saïd Hussein Khalil al-Sissi.
Kinee-Konakrii
Kinee-Konakrii (Guinée-Conakry) Payaɣ se Kinee-Konakrii yɔ pacaɣ se paɖʊ tʊkaɣ kɛ Kiinee-Piisoo nɛ Kiinee-Ekʊwatɩralɩ pɛhɛkʊ taa. Pɩkɛna Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Kinee-Konakrii tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ ɖɔdɔ se Kinee-Konakrii. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ caaʊ kɛ Fransɩ nesi tɛɛ kɛ ɖooo aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naalɛ ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1958. Ajɛya looɖo cɔna; Kinee-Konakrii nɛ ata, nɛ ana-yɔ: Kiinee-Piisoo; Senegaalɩ; Maalii; Kootidiivʊwaarɩ; Liiberiya; Siyera-Leyɔɔnɩ nɛ Atɩlantiki lɩŋgamʊʊ.
Kiinee-Pɩsaʊ taa pɔsɩ ɖɔwa nɛ sɩtala ɛzɩ 1300 kɛ mbʊ yɔ. Afrika kpeekpe taa lɛ, pɩwɛ ɛzɩ peeɖe lɩm lɩʊna yɔ mbʊ pɩyɔɔ yɔ ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ Niizɛrɩ pɔɔ yɔ yaa Senegaalɩ ñɩŋga yɑa ɖɔɖɔ Kaambii ñɩŋga kɔyɔ peeɖe sɩlɩɣna. Pɔsɩ nzɩ sɩlɩɣna Kinee-Konakrii pʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Fʊʊta-Jalɔŋ yɔ kɩ-tɛɛ.
Fʊʊtaa-Jalɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩhaɣ kɩ-lɩm yɔɔ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna laatiɖiki mɩŋ kɛ ɖɩ-ɛjaɖɛ kamaɣ fɛyɩ. Lɩŋgamʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Kɔnkʊʊɖe nɛ kɩwɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se Maamʊ yɔ, yaa Kindiya nɛ Koonakiri yɔ, pɩkɛna Kinee-konakrii komina kɛ tʊmɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ nɛ kɩñakɩ pana se pɩwɛ ɛzɩma yɔ pama lɩŋgamɩŋ pɩɖɔɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1992 lɛ pama lɩŋgamʊʊ nakʊyʊ nɛ pɩwayɩ yɔ pama lɛɛŋ ɛzɩ Kaleta yɔ nɛ halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ komina ɖɩɩna Sʊwapiti ñɩŋgʊ maʊ.
Laʋ
Tɩŋ sɔsɔŋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ tɩŋ kɩmaɣnaŋ nɛ tɩŋ cikpeŋ pɛkpɛndɩɣ nɛ pɛwɛɛ hɔɔlʋʋ kɩwalʋʋ nakʋyʋ yɔɔ nɛ payaa se laʋ. Laŋ sɔsɔŋ wɛɛ nɛ laŋ cikpeŋ ñɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ.
Laʋ kɛ ñɩm sɔsɔm ɛyʋ wezuu caɣʋ taa. Ɛyʋ pɩzɩɣ ɛcaɣ wezuu laʋ taa. Ɛyaa paɣzɩ caɣʋ laŋ taa kpaɣ ɖooo kpaɖʋʋ nɩɩlɛ ñɩŋʋ taa. Ɛyaa ɛzɩ miiliyɔɔ waa taŋa mbʋ yɔ, halɩ pɩɖɛɛ pʋ-yɔɔ kaca laŋ taa. Halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ mbʋ yɔ, ɛyaa ɛzɩ miiliyɔɔ waa mɩnʋʋ nɛ nɩɩnʋwa caɣ laŋ taa. Awayɩ kpɩna sɔsɔna nɛ cikpena nɛ sumasɩ sɔsɔsɩ nɛ cikpesi pɛwɛ laŋ taa. Laŋ sɔsɔŋ taa tuŋ nɛ tɔɔyɩŋ nɛ tudusi nɛ awayɩ naŋ nɛ kpoŋ nɛ awayɩ kpɩna sɔsɔna lɛɛna pacakɩ wezuu. Ɖɩnaɣ ɖɔɖɔ awayɩ kpɩna kɩmaɣna ɛzɩ namɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ ahuwa ndɩ ndɩ nɛ tɩkpayɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ. Awayɩ kpɩna cikpena wena ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩna laŋ taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, a-taa naayɛ hɩla yɔ : kozonzi nɛ puda naa nɛ fɔɔ naa nɛ yuŋ nɛ awayɩ kpɩna cikpena lɛɛna. Sumasɩ sɔsɔsɩ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ sumasɩ kɩmaɣnasɩ nɛ sumasɩ cikpesi kudokiŋ ɛgbɔŋ ɛgbɔŋ cakɩ wezuu laŋ taa. Sumasɩ sɔsɔsɩ taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ tataa naa. Sumasɩ kɩmaɣnasɩ taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ makɩyɛ naa ndɩ ndɩ nɛ atenda ndɩ ndɩ nɛ kpeliŋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ awayɩ suŋ nɛ lesi ajalɩ kɔkɔ naa nɛ hoomataŋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ kpɩɩtɔlɩ naa nɛ abɛntɛ naa ndɩ ndɩ akpaŋnaŋcaʋ waa. Sumasɩ cikpesi taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ pɩtɛɛyɩsɩ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ ahowa ndɩ ndɩ nɛ kpɛŋkpɛsɩ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ awayɩ halɩkuku naa ndɩ ndɩ nɛ kʋdɔkɔyɩŋ nɛ atɛwa ndɩ ndɩ nɛ pɩɩdʋ naa ndɩ ndɩ nɛ hɩmcɩʋcɩʋ naa ndɩ ndɩ. Ɖʋma sɔsaa ndɩ ndɩ nɛ ɖʋma cikpema ndɩ ndɩ wɛ laŋ taa ɖɔɖɔ.
Kayɩmasɩ sɔsɔsɩ nɛ kayɩmasɩ cikpesi wɛ ɖɔɖɔ laŋ taa.
Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ lɩm taa wondu ndɩ ndɩ paɣtʋ yɔ, mbʋ laŋ taa wondu lakɩ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se kpɩna wena akɩlɩ ɖoŋ yɔ, atɔkɩ kpɩna wena alɛ fɛyɩ ɖoŋ yɔ nɛ apɩzɩ acaɣ wezuu.
Kampala
Kampala kɛna Ugandaa ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ Uganda ɛjaɖɛ hɛkʊ taa ɖeyi ɖeyi nɛ ageeta kagbaanzɩ wɛna: hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Kuwɛmpɩ, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Makindiye,wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Rubuga, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ Nakawa nɛ Kampala maɣmaɣ kɛ payaɣna hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ taa egeetiye.
Pɩnaɣ 1894 taa lɛ Kimpala tɛtʊ taa ɛyaa kaakpɛnda kutokiŋ nɛɛlɛ yeke nɛ pɩnaɣ 2011 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊ lɛ ɛyaa kpɛnda 1 659 600. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa wɛ kilomɛtanaa 195 yaa ɛkɩtaarɩnaa 19 500.
Pʊcɔ nɛ Pritaniki mba talɩ Uganda lɛ, peeɖe tɛtʊ wiyaʊ weyi payaɣ se Kabaka yɔ ɛɛlɩza Kampala hɔɔlʊʊ se peeɖe ewoki lakʊ sɔsɔʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ peeɖe namɩŋ ɖɔɔ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ ɛzɩ namɩŋ weyi payaɣ nɛ pɛ-tɛɛ taa se impala yɔ.
Puganda kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ payawaɣ tobi taa se Ka Mpala nɛ pʊtɔbʊʊ se piyaɣ ŋga ka-taa nɛ impalawaa yɔ nɛ yaʊ nɛ nɩʊ taa yem kɛlɛʊ lɛ pɩnɩʊ se kimpala. Payaɣ Kampala egeetiye yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ se John Ssebaana Kizito.
Leemu sɛmɩŋ
Tomnasɩ nzɩ sɩ-sɛmɩŋ wɛ ɛzɩ leemʊ sɛmɩŋ mbʊ yɔ sɩ-hɔŋ ɛyaa nɛ cɔnaʊ taa wɛ ɖeu ɖɔɖɔ. Tɩŋ pee nayɛ wɛ lɛ, apʊ lɛ paa aawɛ ɛzɩ tɩŋ hatʊ yɔ, apɩsɩɣ nɛ asɛɛ ɛzɩ leemu lɩm sɛmɩŋ yɔ nɛ mbʊ wɩlɩɣna se apʊwa. Leemuu maɣmaɣ mbʊ yɔ, kɩpʊ lɛ kɩsɛɣ ɛzɩ pɛkɛdʊ kɩ-lɩm nɛ kɩ-sɛmɩŋ yɔ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ leemu ɛtapɩta yɔ kɩ-taa lɩm ɛɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ leemu sɛmɩŋ yɔ nɛ kɩ-taa lɩm ɛɛwɛʊ leleŋ ɖɔɖɔ.
Henry Purcell
Henry purcell (salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 10 pɩnaɣ 1659 ŋtalɩ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 21 pɩnaɣ 1695 alɩwaatʊ taa), ɛkɛ miziiki maɖʊ nɛ ɛtɛ ɛkɛ hendu lɩzɩyʊ Ɛnglɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Purcell ɖʊ ɛtɛ miiziiki taa kɛ Fransɩɩ nɛ Itaalii tɛ ɖɩzɩtʊ wɛtʊ ɛlɛ, tɩpaɣlɩ piŋ Ɛnglɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Palʊla-ɩ Lɔndrɩ tɛtʊ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ ɛsɩba kɛ Westminster kooka taa.
Ɛkɛ Ɛnglɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa hendu sɔsɔtʊ lɩzɩyaa taa nɔyʊ. Ɛ-caa payaɣ se Henry Purcell ɛkɛkɛ abalʊ kɩbanʊ yaa camɩyɛ ɛyʊ kɛ kewiyaɣ kpaŋ taa nɛ ete hendu alɩwaatʊ ndʊ papaŋa hula kɛ wɩyaʊ Charles 2 tʊ Ɛnglɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ. Henry kɛnɛ kajalaɣ pɩɣa nɛ ɛlʊlɩ pɩyaa natozo, Edward, Henry nɛ Daniel. Wayɩ wayɩ tʊ ɛnɛ yɔ ɛpɩsɩ hendu lɩzɩyʊ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ ɖɛnɛ ɛsɩnda lɔŋ lɔŋ. Purcell caa sɩm wayɩ pɩnaɣ 1664 taa lɛ, evebʊpɩɣa Henry caɣ egbeele cɔlɔ. Paya-ɩ se Thomas Purcell nɛ ɛlɛ ɖɔkɩ-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ camɩyɛ. Thomas kaakɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛyʊ kɩbanʊ kɛ Pelham Humfrey cɔlɔ (ɛsɩba pɩnaɣ 1674), ɛnʊ kaalɛzɩna Cooke.
Ɛlaba miziiki sukuli kɛ abbaye Westminster tɛ sukuli sɔsɔʊ taa, peeɖe pakpa-ɩ se ɛkɛ tʊma yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ pɩnaɣ 1676 alɩwaatʊ taa. Pɩnaɣ kʊyʊmaɣ ŋga ka-taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɛlɩzɩ hendu ɖama yɔɔ ɖama yɔɔ Aureng-Zebe tɛ ndʊ, John Dryden tɛ hɔɔla lɛɛka, Epson Wells nɛ The Libertine, nɛ Thomas Shadwell tɛ hɔɔla lɛɛka. Pɩnaɣ 1680 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, Blow weyi ɛɛkɛ abbaye Westminster taa tʊma yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ yɔ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1669 taa yɔ kizi ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ nɛ eyebina e-sukuli pɩɣa, ŋga kaawɛna pɩnzɩ 22 yeke. Purcell kpaɣ ɛtɩ nɛ ɛcɛlɛ mbilim kɛ miziiki kiɖeɖeu tɛ ŋgʊ pɩnzɩ loɖo nɛ ekizi woŋga amʊza labʊ.
Ɛtɩlaba nesi ɖɔkʊ tɛ sɔnzɩ wayɩ kpa lɛ, pɩnaɣ 1682 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, Edward Lowe sɩm alɩwaatʊ, pakpa Purcell se ɛkɛ kewiyaɣ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ kpaŋ taa tʊma yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ-ɩ se ɛkpɛndɩ ɛɖɔkɩ-ɖɩ nɛ Westminster tɛ nɖɛ. Pɩnaɣ ŋga ɖɔɖɔ palʊla ɛ-pɩyalʊ kajalaɣ tʊ. Purcell tɛ kajalaɣ hendu kɩlɩzɩtʊ ndʊ pataɣ-tʊ yɔ Twelve Sonatas posusa tɩ-tɔm pɩnaɣ 1683 taa.
Iizilaam
Kutokoli n̄ɩma tɛ Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ payaɣ se, Izilaam. Se, ɖɔ-cɔzɔ Abrɩham tɛ Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ lɛ. Pɛ-Ɛsɔtɔm takayaɣ kiɖeɖeɣ payaɣ se, "Kooraɣ". Tɔm ndʋ Ɛsɔ heyi lɔɔyaɣ tʋ Mahome yɔ pama ka-taa. Kutokoli n̄ɩma cɔlɔ lɛ, Mahomee kɛŋna lɔɔyaɣ tʋ weyi Ɛsɔ tiyi wayɩ nɛ wayɩ yɔ. Etiyi-i Aarabi tɛtʋ taa kpaɖʋʋ lʋbɛ n̄ɩŋgʋ taa. Payaɣ weyi ɛwɛ Izilaam ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ se, kutokoli tʋ. Izilaam ŋgbɛyɛ wɩlɩɣ se, Ɛsɔ kʋɖʋm ɖeke koŋ wɛna. Mbʋʋ payaɣ se, "tawhid". Eɖeke koŋ ɛ-tɛɛ pʋwɛɛ se, ɛyʋ eluŋ.
Kutokoli n̄ɩma sɔɔlaa se, pɛsɛɛ Ɛsɔ na Arabɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa. Pɔtɔŋ se, ɖooo kiɖe tɛɛ lɛ, Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ndʋʋ ɖɔ-cɔzɔnaa Aɖam nɛ Nowee pɛsɛɣa. Kutokoli n̄ɩma n̄ɔtɔŋ se, Yeesu nazarɛɛtɩ tʋ kɛ lɔɔyasɩ tɩnaa taa nɔɔyʋ. Pɔtɔŋ se, Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ndʋ ɖɔɖɔ ɖɔ-cɔzɔ Abraham sɛɣa. Payaɣ Abraham nɛ aarabɩ kʋnʋŋ taa se, Ibrahim. Pɔyɔɔdɩ Ɛsɔtɔm takayaɣ kiɖeɖeɣ, "Kooraɣ" taa hɔɔlasɩ 4 nɛ 5 nɛ 6 n̄ɩnzɩ taa se, Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ndʋ kɛŋna Ibrahim nʋmɔʋ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, "Allah" sɔɔlɩm yɔɔ ɖeke koŋ pʋwɛɛ se, ɛyʋ ɛla. Ɖɩnaɣ tɔm tʋnɛ hɔɔlasɩ 7 nɛ 8 nɛ 9 pa-taa.
Takayaɣ kiɖeɖeɣ ŋga payaɣ se, "Kooraɣ" yɔ, ka-wayɩ lɛ, pama tɔm ndɩ ndɩ lɛɛtʋ ndʋ lɔɔyaɣ tʋ Mahomee yɔɔdaa yɔ takayasɩ lɛɛsɩ taa. Takayasɩ nzɩɩ payaɣ se, "hadiths". Ɛlɛ, Iizilam ŋgbɛyɛ pilinzi lɛɛsɩ takpaɣ takayasɩ ńzɩ nɛ sɩyaa pʋyʋ. "Kooraɣ" nɛ "hadiths" takayasɩ yebina nɛ Iizilam ŋgbɛyɛ n̄ɔ. Takayasɩ ńzɩ sɩ-taa paɣtʋ yɔɔ ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-taa n̄ɩma ɖɔŋ. Paɣtʋ ndʋʋ payaɣ se, "charia". Tʋtʋ wayɩ lɛ, paɣtʋ naalɛ lɛɛtʋ wɛɛ. Tʋtʋ lɛ, "ijma" nɛ "qiyas".
Pɩnaɣ 2010 n̄ɩŋga taa ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se, "Pew Research Center" yɔ, ɖɩn̄ɩnaa nɛ ɖɩna se, ɛyaa miiliyaarɩ waa 1,6 wɛna Iizilam ŋgbɛyɛ taa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ, ɛyaa mɩnʋʋ yɔɔ lɛ, ɛyaa 23,4 wɛ ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-taa. Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ aŋgba wena an̄ɔ kedeŋa yɔɔ yɔ, Krɩstʋ nʋmɔʋ taa ɖɔm ŋgbɛyɛ kɩlɩna paɣlʋʋ, ɖɩ-wayɩ lɛ, Iizilam ŋgbɛyɛ tɩŋɩna nɛ ɖɩɖɩ wayɩ lɛ, Ɛɛnduuyism n̄ɩnɖɛ tɩŋ. Yuudaayism ŋgbɛyɛ cɩlɩna n̄ɔʋ kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ. Ɖɩ-wayɩ lɛ, Krɩstiyaniism ŋgbɛyɛ n̄ɔn̄ɔ nɛ ɖɩɖɩ wayɩ Iizilam ŋgbɛyɛ n̄ɔɔ. Nabʋyʋ tamsa aŋgba ana a-naadozo, mbʋʋ lɛ se, Ɛsɔ kʋɖʋm deke koŋ tɔm ayɔɔdʋʋ, ɖɔ-cɔzɔ Abraham tɛ Ɛsɔ.
Iizilam ŋgbɛyɛ wɛnɩ pilinz ndɩ ndɩ. Ɖi-piliŋa sɔsɔɔ payaɣ se, "Sunnism". Ɛyaa mɩnʋʋ mba pɛwɛ Iizilam ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ pa-taa lɛ, ɛyaa 80 yaa 85 wɛ "Sunnism" piliŋa taa. Piliŋa lɛɛka n̄ɛwɛɛ, kaka lɛ, "chiisme". Irakɩ nɛ Iranɩ pa-ajɛɛ taa piliŋa kanɛ kakɩlɩ tɔyʋʋ.
Kpaŋ kʊdɔŋ
Kpaŋ kʊdɔŋ papɩzɩɣ paya-kʊ ɖɔɖɔ se maɣzɩm taa taa kʊdɔŋ yaa fitenum taa kʊdɔŋ, pɩkɛ ñʊʊ taa fitenum tɛ cɔʊ mbʊ pɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ pʊkɔna ɛyʊ tɩlasɩ sakɩyɛ yɔ. Pɩkɛ kʊñɔŋ nɛ ɛyʊ fezuu caɣʊ mbʊ pɩɩkɛɖʊʊ nɛ ɛyʊ yɔ. kɩpɩzɩɣ kɩwɛ ɖoŋ yaa tuda nɛ kɩwɛ paa ɖoye. Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-ɛyaa, ɛ-ñɩma yaa ɛ-cɔlɔ caɣyaa pɩzɩɣ nɛ potukuna fɛɖaa yaa ɛyʊ weyi ɛkpɛkɩ ñʊʊ taa maɣzɩm kʊdɔŋ fɛbɩtʊ yɔ yaa kpaŋ kʊdɔmɩŋ wazɩyʊ yaa maɣzɩm taa tazɩyʊ yɔɔ tɛlɩyʊ. Akpatayɩtʊ yaa ɛyʊ tɛ hʊʊ yaa laŋgbɛzɩyɛ nɛ kpaŋ ŋgʊ kɩlɩna taba kʊyɔɔ cɔlɔ yaa sʊlʊm ɖoŋ mbʊ cɔlɔ, niɣzɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ yaa sɔndʊʊ sɔsɔtʊ, tɔɔnasɩ taa wɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ ndʊ tɩfɛyɩ camɩyɛ yɔ, fitenum taa cɔʊ nɛ yaa ñʊŋ naalɛ tʊ kɛ mbʊ ɛzɩ pɩwɩlɩɣ kpaŋ kʊdɔŋ tɔm yɔ. Wɛtʊ natʊyʊ taa lɛ, pɩkɛ kɩjɛyʊ se pakpa pɩtɛ ɛyʊ ɛnʊ nɛ pasɩ-ɩ fɛɖaa tɛ paa ɛtɔsɔlɩ kɔyɔ yee paɣtʊ ɛpɔzɩɣ mbʊ yɔ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ kpaŋ tɩnaa ɖɔkɔtɔ naa taa. Ñʊʊ taa maɣzɩm taa takɩyaa wɩla nɛ pana, patɩŋna wɛtʊ naa sakɩyɛ yɔ, pʊtɔma tɔmpee pɔzɩtʊ yaa kʊdɔntʊ cɔnaʊ, nɛ pɩtɩŋna pɩyɔɔ nɛ pawazɩɣ kʊdɔndɩna sakɩyɛ pɩlɩna pɛ-tɛ kpaŋ yɔ. Kpaŋ kʊdɔŋ tɛ alaafɩya tɛ nɩɣ wɛ ndɩ pɩlɩna alɩwaatʊ nɛ ɛsakuliye cɔlɔ. Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ kɩ-tɛ tɔbʊʊ nɩɣʊ, kɩ-tɛ ɖɩjayɛ nɛ kɩ-yɔɔ ndɔnjɔlɩyɛ. Ɖama wayɩ lɩɣʊ ɛyaa taa nɛ ɖama tɛzɩtʊ sɔzɩɣ ɛyʊ kʊjɔŋ yɔɔ nɛ pɩtɩnɩɣ lɩmaɣza yɔɔ nɛ pɩpɩsɩɣ ɛyʊ kpaŋ tʊ. Pʊyɔɔ yɔ patʊlɩɣ aŋgbaa nayɛ ɛyaa hɛkɩŋ nɛ ketiizasi se palʊbɩna ɖooo lɔŋ maɣzɩm. Kedenga kpeekpe ajɛyɛ lɩmaɣzaɣ yɔɔ lɛ, ɖɔkɔtɔ naa tɛ takayasɩ sakɩyɛ lakɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ tɔmpee kpaŋ kʊdɔŋ yaa fetenum taa kʊdɔŋ. Ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ yɔ wɛtʊ natʊlɛ pasɩwaɣ nɛ palakɩna tʊmɩyɛ pɩlɩna kpaŋ kʊdɔmɩŋ.
Kedeŋga kpeekpe kʊdɔmɩŋ pɩlɩɣ (CIM-10), ndʊ OMS ŋgbɛyɛ nɛ kʊdɔŋ naɣʊ wonduu nɛ ɖiuu ɖiuu maɣzɩm taa kʊdɔmɩŋ (DSM-V) ndʊ Amerika taa maɣzɩm taa kʊdɔmɩŋ wazɩyaa ŋgbɛyɛ (APP) sʊzaa yɔ. Papɩzɩɣ pawazɩɣ kpaŋ kʊdɔŋ pɩlɩna kɩ-tɛ ɖoŋ cɔlɔ.
Fɔlɩka Pɔɔ
Fɔlɩka, yɔɔdɔɣ taa lɛ, pɩlɩɣ se vɔl.ga, Ruusi taa lɛ, Волга nɛ tatar taa lɛ, Idel kɛ lɩm pɔɔ sɔsɔ Eerɔpʊ taa. Kɛnɛ kɛ-tɛ pɔsɩ kɩkpɛndasɩ lɛ, kenidiɣ hɔɔlɩŋ niidozo yɔ lɛ hɔɔlʊʊ kʊyʊmʊʊ mbilim Ruusi Erɔpʊ ŋgʊ. Fɔlɩka lɩna Falɩdayi piiyisi nzɩ sɩ-tɛ kʊyʊ maɣna mɛta wa 228 Mɔsɩkʋʋ nɛ Saint- Pétersbourg pɔcɔ kɛkpɛndɩ Kasɩpɩyɛnɩ teŋguu taa. Ka-nʊmɔʊ ɖala ɛzɩ kilomɛta waa 3690. Papɩzɩɣ pasaɣ mɛlɛnaa pɔɔ ŋga kaɖalakɩŋ kpeekpe yɔ pɩtɩŋna ñɔzɩtʊ ndʊ palaba sakɩyɛ kpaɣdʊ nɛɛlɛ alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ. Fɔlɩka fɛʊʊ kitibuu walanzɩ kɛ kilomɛta 1350000 kpɛɛ ko, nɛ kɩkpeelɩɣ ɛyaa ndɩ ndɩ. Fɔlɩka kɛdɛŋga wɛ tʊma sɔsɔnaa sakɩyɛ kpaɣ kedeŋga kpeekpe you alɩwaatʊ taa Ruusi ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Kedeŋga kpeekpe you wayi lɛ, palɩzɩ kpeuu taa lɩmazɩyɛ ndɩ lɛ, ñɔzʊʊ lɩmazɩyɛ pɩnaɣ 1920 nɛ papazɩɣ-ɖɩ labʊ. Pɩlɩna nɛ pʊyɔ nɛ pama lɩm kɩkam kodoloko waa ɛzɩ hiu mbʊ yɔ Fɔlɩka pɔɔ yɔ nɛ kɛ-tɛ pɔsɩ kɩkpɛdasɩ yɔ Kama nɛ Oufa nɛ pɩpɩsɩ kujomɩŋ sɔsɔŋ weyi paɖɩ-ɩ yɔ. Pɩkpeekpe pɩpɩsɩ lɩm ɖɩvalɩyɛ mbʊ payaɣ se Fɔlɩka-kama yɔ.
Kamʋʋ
Kamʋʋ kɛ kabɩyɛ tʋ kasandʋ sɔsɔtʋ natʋyʋ. Papaɣ kamʋʋ nɛ fenaɣ ŋga kalɩɩ yɔ ka-taa pala saŋayɩŋ. Paya fenaɣ ŋga ka-taa papaɣ kamʋʋ yɔ se kamɩŋ fenaɣ. Lɛɛlɛyɔ papaɣ kamɩŋ halɩ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ nɛ kɛ-tɛm. Kabɩyɛ tʋ tɛŋ ɛ-hayɩm taa tɔɔnasɩ kpaɣʋ lɛ, ɛ-taa la leleŋ nɛ ɛɖʋ tɔɔnaɣ kpaɣʋ tɛm kasandʋ evemiye. Puwiye paa ɖɩɣa cɛja weyi ɛcɛyɩɣ ɛ-tɩ nɛ epuu cukudu, ɛkʋ kpɩnɛ nɖɩ ɛpɩzɩɣ yɔ nɛ ɛtɩzɩ piya mɔʋ nɛ kasandʋ cʋʋ ɛ-ɖɩɣa taa. Kamʋʋ wiye pasɩŋ abalʋ nɛ ɛ-tɔʋ nɛ ɛ-sɩɣa. Ɛpaɣ kɔɔka, ka-taa nɛ ka-n̄ɩma, ɛɖɔkɩ tɔʋ ɛ-nɩmɩyɛ taa nɛ sɩɣa nɛ e-nesi kɩbanzɩ taa. Eesuu toko, salaala ɛtɔɔlʋʋ ɛ-tɩnaɣ taa nɛ ɛka naakoma. Ɛtɩŋ nɔndɔʋ tʋ nɛ hɩsɩ tɩnaa nɛ palɩzɩ-ɩ kamʋʋ taa. Halaa n̄ɔɖɔkɩ kanjɩsɩ. Pɛlaa n̄ɔtɔɔlɩ ayaba hatʋ pa-tɩnzɩ taa nɛ piya evelesi n̄ɔɖɔkɩ totoŋkolosi. Kotoŋkolosi ɖɩhɔɖɛ panaɣ pɩɣa evele ŋga kakɩlɩ ɖoŋ yɔ. Kamʋʋ lɛlaa kotoŋkolosi nɛ kɔhɔɔlɩ ka-hazaɣ yɔɔ cɔɔmɛɛ.
Epistemolozii
Lɛɣtʊ yɔɔ sukuli labʊ yaa tɩ-kpɛlɛkʊʊ ɖeu payaɣ se epistemolozii. Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, tɔmbiye «épistémologie» lɩna caanaʊ krɛɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ tɔmbe naalɛ cɔlɔ : kajalaɣ tɔmbiye kɛlɛ tɔmbiye «epistếmê». Tɔmbiye ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ kɛlɛ se tɩlɩtʊ siŋŋ (connaissance vraie) yaa lɛɣtʊ. Tɔmbiye naalɛ ñɩnɖɛ lɛ tɔmbiye «λόγος/lógos». Tɔmbiye ɖɩnɛ, ɖɩɖɩ tɔbʊʊ kɛlɛ se yɔɔdaɣ yaa yɔɔdɩtʊ. Mbʊ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se «discours». Tɔmbiye «épistémologie» pɩzɩɣ ɖɩwɛɛna tɔbʊʊ lɩzʊʊ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna hɔɔlɩŋ naalɛ ndɩ ndɩ taa ɖɔɖɔ:
Kajalaɣ hɔɔlʊʊ taa lɛ, ajɛya wena ayɔɔdʊʊ fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔ, atɔŋ se payaʊ se epistemolozii (épistémologie) yɔ, pɩkɛ lɛɣtʊ piliŋa ŋga kakʊyʊʊ lɛɣtʊ nɛ lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩtʊ yɔɔ yɔ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛyaa mba palakɩ epistemolozii tʊmɩyɛ (épistémologistes) yɔ, pɛkpɛʊna lɛɣtʊ tʊma, paatisiɣ se lɛɣtʊ pɩzaa nɛ tɩwɛɛna tɩlɩtʊ siŋŋ.
Hɔɔlʊʊ naalɛ ñɩŋgʊ taa ɛyaa ñɔtɔŋ se epistemolozii tʊmɩyɛ kɛlɛ se ɖɩñɩnɩ yaa ɖɩtazɩ nɛ ɖɩtɩlɩ pɩtɩŋa kedeŋa yɔɔ. Ajɛya wena alɛ yɔɔdʊʊ iŋgilisi kʊnʊŋ (anglo-saxon) yɔ, alɛ tɔŋna mbʊ. Pʊyʊ kʊɖʊmʊm wɛna kɩjɛyʊʊ siŋŋ epistemolozii lɛɣtʊ pɩlɩʊ taa : mbʊʊ lɛ se kɩla nɛ lɛɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ kɛ kʊɖʊm. Lɛɣtʊ pilinzi naanza yɔɔ epistemolozii tʊmɩyɛ ñɩɣ nesi:
Kajalaɣ piliŋa lɛ lɛɣtʊ ndʊ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se «sciences formelles yɔ». Lɛɣtʊ pɩlɩʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa palakɩ akɔntɔnaa ndɩ ndɩ.
Piliŋa naalɛ ñɩŋga lɛ mbʊ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se «sciences physico-chimiques» yɔ. Lɛɣtʊ pɩlɩʊ kʊnɛ kɩ-taa pɛkpɛlɛkʊʊ tomnasɩ ndɩ ndɩ wɛtʊ nɛ palakɩ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ.
Lɛɣtʊ piliŋa naadozo ñɩŋga lɛ mbʊ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se «sciences du vivant» yɔ. Lɛɣtʊ piliŋa yaa pɩlɩʊ kʊnɛ kɩ-taa pañɩnɩɣ kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ mbʊ pifeziɣ payɩ yɔ pʊ-yɔɔ tɩlɩtʊ tɩŋa.
Lɛɣtʊ piliŋa naanza ñɩŋga ñañɩnɩɣ se katɩlɩ ɛyʊ camɩyɛ nɛ kɛtɛ kañɩnɩɣ se katɩlɩ samaɣ wɛtʊ nɛ ka-lɩmaɣza camɩyɛ.
Nabʊlɛ ɖeɖe lɛ, epistemolozii ñɩnɩɣ se kɩna se anɩ yaa aŋgbɛ wena lakɩ lɛɣtʊ tʊma ndɩ ndɩ ? Nabudozo ɖeɖe lɛ, epistemolozii ñɩnɩɣ se kɩtɩlɩ tʊma wena lɛɣtʊ ɖɔŋa labʊ yɔ. Naza ɖeɖe lɛ, kɩñɩnɩɣ se kɩna mbʊ pɩtamsʊʊ lɛɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ ɖama yɔ. Nʊwa ɖeɖe lɛ, epistemolozii ñɩnɩɣ se kɩna se awɩlɩɣ lɛɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ sukuli nɛ ɛzɩma wɩlʊʊ ɛwɩlɩɣ ? Kpaagbaa ɖeɖe lɛ, epistemolozii ñɩnɩɣ se kɩna ndɔŋjɔɔlɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ lɛɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ hɛkʊ taa yɔ.
Arzantiini
Arzantiini kɛna Amerika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ajɛya wena ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ asɩ-ɖama nɛ kamɣ yɔ, ana yɔ: wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, Siilii, hayi nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Pooliivi, hayi kiŋ kpataa lɛ Paraaguwe, Pireziili nɛ Uruguwe ajɛya ñɛwɛna hayi nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa nɛ Atilantiki lɩŋgamʊʊ wɛna wɩsɩ ɖʊlkɩyɛ taa nɛ pɩɖɛɛna hadɛ kiŋ.
Dooo lɛ Ɛsɩpaañɩ kpacayaɣna-ɖɩ nɛ pʊkɔma aloma fenaɣ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kagbaanzɩ pɩnaɣ 1810 lɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmaɣmaɣ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ. Ɛlɛ pʊkɔma pɩtalɩ hasɩ yaɖɛ fenaɣ nakʊ pɩnaɣ 1816 pʊcɔ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛɛ ɖ-tɩ yɔɔ sɩŋŋŋ kɛ San Miguel de Tucumán taa.
Arzantiini ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ yɔ Buenos Aires nɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pawɩlɩɣ-kʊ sukulinaa taa nɛ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ komina tʊma taa yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ ɛsɩpañɔlɩ piyele lidiye nɖi pɔtɔkɩ yɔ lɛarizantiini peezoo.
Arizantiini taa katoliki cɔɔcɩ ɛyaa kɩlɩɣ labʊ nɛ Amerika Latini taa payɩ lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa kɛ Erɔpɩ sɔnzɩ kɩlɩ wɛʊ.
Latiino-Amerika taa payɩ lɛ, Arizantiini kɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɩlɩ wobu nɛ ɛsɩndaa nɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɩlɩ wɛʊ ɖɔɖɔ ñɩm yɔ. Ameriki Latini taa lɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩkɛna naatozo ñɩnɖɛ kɛ ɛsɩnda wobu nɛ ɖɩwɛ Pireezili nɛ Mɛkɩsiiki ajɛya wayɩ.
Sɔɔja sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Seneralɩ Manuel Belgrano yɔ, ɛnʊ lɩzɩna Arizantiini kɩɖaʊ kɛtɛɛta ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1810, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ palʊkaɣ se pɛwɛɛ pa-tɩ yɔɔ yɔ. Ɛlɛ, ɛɛlɩza-kɛ mbʊ lɛ, kɩ-hɛkʊ taa taawɛɛ wɩsɩ. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1818 taa kɛ pɔsɔza wɩsɩ mayaɣ.
Ingmar Bergman
Ernst Ingmar Bergman kɛ tanaŋ laɖʊ, ɛkɛ ɛyʊ weyi ɛwɩlaɣ nɔmɔŋ ɛzɩma patɩŋgɩ nɛ tanaʊ yaa amʊza laɣsɩ wɛ camɩyɛ yɔ, ɛnʊ labɩna Sʋyɛdɩ sinemaɣ naa, palʊla-ɩ Uppsala tɛtʊ taa hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 14 pɩnaɣ 1918 nɛ ɛsɩ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 30 pɩnaɣ 2007 alɩwaatʊ taa kɛ Fårö lɩm hɛkʊ taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ taa.
Ɛyʊ ɛnɛyɔ ɛmʊ kɩhɛyɩŋ sakɩyɛ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ ɛwaba nɛ ɛmʊ Ours sika kɛ Pɛrɩlɛɛ tɛtʊ taa, ɛmʊ sika tɔɔyʊʊ pɩlɩna, ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ yɔɔ kɛ Venise tɛtʊ taa, jury liidiye nɛ tanaʊ labʊ liidiye kɛ Cannes, Oscar tɛ weewe liidiye kɩhɛyʊʊ nɖɛ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm naa tʊma ɖɩlaɖɛ kʊnʊŋ kɩfalʊ taa yɔɔ. Ɛkɛ sinema tʊma laɖʊ weyi pasɩma-ɩ nɛ palme naa palme alɩwaatʊ ndʊ palakaɣ Cannes kazandʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1997 alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ. Ingmar Bergman palʊla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1918 alɩwaatʊ taa. Ɛkɛ piyaa natozo liɖe naɖɩyɛ taa pɩɣa tɩnʊʊ ŋga pɩyalʊ. Ɛ-ɖalʊ kajalaɣ tʊ kɔyɔ Dag, nɛ kɔʊ yaa ɛ-kɔɔ hɩɖɛ kɔyɔ Margareta, palʊla ɛlɛ pɩnzɩ nanza wayi. Ingmar tala pɩjatʊ kɩbandʊ yaa tanɩɩ leleŋ ɛ-pɩjatʊ taa mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛ-ɖalʊ nɛ e-ɖoo pɛ-hɛkʊ taa taawɛɛ leleŋ yaa padanɩɩna ɖama camɩyɛ ɛzɩ mbʊ pʊpɔzʊʊ yɔ se pɩha-wɛ ɖoŋ nɛ pɔɖɔkɩ pɩɣa yɔ.
Ɛ-caa kaakɛ Ɛsɔ tɛ lɩm ɖʊyʊ weyi ɛñɩnaɣ kɛzɛɣa piŋ yɔ. Ɖenɖe pasɩtɔɣɔ waa sʊwaɣ yɔ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ ɛ-halʊ nɛ ɛ-piyaa paawɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ paaha waɖɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛyaa samaɣ tɩŋɛ mba paakɛ Krɩstʊ ɛyaa yɔ. Pɩtɩŋna pʊyɔɔ lɛ, pa-caa ɖʊ-wɛ paɣtʊ ɖɔŋ ndʊ kpem. Piyaa paɣlɩ k apsom laɣsɩ taa kɛnɛ nɛ poluzuu pa-tɩ paa ɛzɩmta. Nɩgbaŋʊʊ hɔmtʊ wɛɛ kakama yaa paa ɖoye yaa paa ɛzɩmta nɛ pʊwɛɛ sɔnzɩ tɩyɛ.
Pɩtɩŋna ɛ-lɩmaɣza wena ɛzɩ ɛsɔɔlʊʊ se ɛ-nɛ ɛyaa pɛtɛyɩ ɖama lɔŋ mbʊ lɛ, ɛɖɛ Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ Thuringe tɛtʊ taa pɩnaɣ 1934 alɩwaatʊ taa. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ kpɛnɖɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ ɛyaa kaacana ɖɩ-ñʊʊ yɔɔ. Ɛ-yaa wona-ɩ se ɛna Adolf Hitler haɖɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ tɔm kɛ Weimar tɛtʊ taa. Pɩɖɩzɩɣ ɛyʊ evebu ɛnɛyɔ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊ tʊ tɔm ndʊ. Ɛpɩsɩ Sʋyɛdɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ Caama ɛyaa lɩmaɣza sʊ-ɩ fiŋ fiŋ pɩtɩŋna ɛ-ɖalɩ maɣmaɣ kɛ pɩtɛ ɛyʊ mbʊ lɛ, ɛpaɣzɩ-wɛ seu mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ haja haja laɣsɩ yeba nɛ ɛkɔɔ ɛlɩɩ ɛyaa ɖɩkʊyɛ lona yɔɔ. Ingmar pɩsɩ nɛ ɛlɔ nɛ ese politiki tɔm ɛ-tʊma kpeekpe taa.
Lubiyaa hɩlacanɖaʋ
Ɖɩñɩnɩyɛ :	Hayu - A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
A B
Carl von Linne
Carl Linnæus, pʊwayi ɛpɩsɩ sɔsɔ lɛ, Carl Von Linné, palʊla-ɩ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 23 pɩnaɣ 1707 Råshult nɛ ɛsɩ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 1778 Uppsala tɛtʊ taa, kedeŋga yɔɔ kɩlɩzɩm kpɛlɛkɩyʊ Sʋyɛdɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, ɛnʊ tɩna tɔmɩŋ hɩla pɩlɩtʊ nɛ wondu hɩla yaʊ laɣsɩ. Ɛmaɣzɩna Edward Coke matʊ ndʊ se Nomina si nescis, perit cognitio rerum pʊtɔbʊʊ se wondu naa tɩlɩyɛ leki yaa mʊkɩ pɩlɩna hɩla kaatɩlɩtʊ yɔɔ. Ɖooo kpaɣɖʊ 17 ŋkɔɔ ŋtalɩ 18 mbʊ yɔ, Suede ɛyaa sakɩyɛ fɛyɩna liɖe taa hɩɖɛ. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, Linné cɔzɔ, ɛzɩ sikandinave sɔnzɩ paɣtʊ pɔzʊʊ yɔ payaɣa-ɩ se Ingemar Bengtsson (pʊtɔbʊʊ se Ingemar, Benggt pɩyalʊ) nɛ ɛmaɣmaɣ ɛ-pɩɣa, Linné caa, paasɩma-ɩ kajalaɣ nɛ hɩɖɛ ɖɩ-nɛyɔ Nils Ingemarsson (pʊtɔbʊʊ se Nils Ingemar pɩyalʊ).
Ɛcaŋa ɖeu Sʋyɛdɩ wiyaʊ weyi samaɣ kaakɩlɩ-ɩ sɩm yɔ tɛ alɩwaatʊ Karl 12 (1682-1718), Nils ha wiyaʊ hɩɖɛ ɛ-pɩyalʊ ɛzɩ hɩɖɛ cikpeɖe yɔ, nɛ papazɩ-ɩ yaʊ mbʊ se Carl Linnæus.
Carl caa, Nils Ingemarsson Linnaeus (1674-1748) kɛ fada cikpelu Luther cɔɔcɩ taa nɛ e-ɖoo Kristina Brodersonia (1688-1733) Stenbrohult Ɛsɔ kpaŋ tɛ pasɩtɔr pɛlɔ, Samuel Brodersonius. Nils wɛɛ ɛsɩna Pasɩtɔr tʊmɩyɛ kpaɣ ɖooo ɛzɩ ɛtalɩɣ Rashult pɩnaɣ 1705, ɛlɛ pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1709 lɛ, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛ-ɛtɩ sɩba yɔ lɛ, ɛmaɣmaɣ ɛpɩsɩ pasɩtɔr kpaŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa kɛlɛ e-liɖe tuzi kɩtɩ pazɩ nɛ fada ɖɩsʊyɛ Stenbrohult, Möckeln kujomuu nɔɔ yɔɔ kpam.
Nils sɔɔlɩ tɩŋ kpem kɛlɛ ɛdɛzɩɣ sɔɔlɩm mbʊ ɛ-pɩyalʊ se pɩsa nɛ ɛcɔna ɛkaɖaɣ yɔɔ camɩyɛ mbʊ lɛ ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ kɩgbanzɩ yeke. Ɛlɛ ɛ-caa pasɩtɔr, ɛcɔzɔ ɖɔɖɔ pasɩtɔr mbʊ lɛ, Carl sɔɔlɩ ɖɔɖɔ se ɛtɩŋɩ pa-naŋgbanzɩ se ɛnʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɛɛkɔɔ ɛkɛ pasɩtɔr mbʊ. Kɛlɛ ɛlɩɩ ɛ-hɔʊ taa mbʊ lɛ, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 9, agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ pɩnaɣ 1716, se ɛsʊʊ Växjö sukuli taa pɩwɛ ɛzɩ kilomɛta naa 40 nɛ Stenbrohult tɛtʊ. Peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ ɛlaba hɛkʊ taa sukuli pɩnaɣ 1723 hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 11 nɛ ɛlɩɩ kɩ-taa kɛ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 6 pɩnaɣ 1727.
Mbʊ lɛ, pɩtɩŋna ɛ-tɛ wɩlɩyʊ kɩbɩnʊʊ lɔŋ tasɩɣ Växjö tʊ, ɖɔkɔtɔ tʊmɩyɛ niye mʊyʊ Johan Stensson Rothman yɔɔ lɛ, ɛma ɛ-hɩɖɛ Uppsala sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa kɛ salaŋ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1728, ɖenɖe ɛkpɛlɛka lɔŋ sakɩyɛ weyi ɛmʊna-ɩ yɔ. Ɛkpaɣ halʊ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 26 pɩnaɣ 1739 nɛ pɛlɔ Sara Elisabeth Moræa (1716-1806), ɛlɛ ñɛkɛ Falun ɛyʊ.
Ɛyaa mba yaa hɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩlʊlɩ piyaa lʊbɛ, halɩpiyaa kɩgbanzɩ nɛ abalɩpiyaa naalɛ. Carl (1741-1783), Elisabeth (1749-1839), Sara Christina (1743-1782), Sara Magdalena (1744, ɛlɛ ñasɩ ɛ-kɩyakɩŋ hiu nɛ kɩgbanzɩ taa) pʊtɔbʊʊ se ɛɛkɛ pɩɣa cɩɩɩ, Lovisa (1749-1839), Sara Christina (1751-1835), Johan (1754-1757) nɛ Sofia (1757-1830).
Kinee-Pɩsaʊ
Kinee-Pɩsaʊ kɛna Afrika nɛ wisɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Pɩsaʊ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ Afrika tɔsʊʊ hʊʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se CEDEAO yɔ ɖɩ-taa. Kinee-Pɩsaʊ ɛjaɖɛ wɛ Atilantiki teŋʊ cɔlɔ. Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa nɛ kpaɣ ɖɔɖɔ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Kinee-Konakrii ɛjaɖɛ wɛna; hayi kiŋ lɛ Senegaalɩ ɛjaɖɛ pɩzɩnaa. Kinee-Pɩsaʊ ɛjaɖɛ walanzɩ taa maɣna ɛzɩ 36 120 km2 yɔ nɛ tɛtʊ maɣmaɣ lɛ 28 000 km2 piyele pɩkazʊ 8120 km2 lɩm ɖeke wena. Pɩkazɩ pazɩ yem se pɩtalɩ Pɛlɩziki.
Ɖooo pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ hiu nɛ naatozo taa lɛ Mandɛŋgɩ kaawɛna ɖɔŋ sɩŋŋŋ nɛ kɩkpayʊ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ. Pɩwayɩ fayɩɩɩ kɛ Poritikalɩ-tʊ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Nuno Tristão, ɛfɛyɩ naŋgbankaɣ kɛ peeɖepɩnaɣ 1446 ɛlɛ pataha-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ alɩwaatʊ nɛ pacaŋ nɛ pakʊ-ɩ kpaagbaa. Paa nɛ mbʊ yɔ pɩnzɩ 1879 taa mbʊ lɛ, Pɔrɩtiikalɩ paza ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ kpacayʊ.
Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Kiinee-Piisoo nɛ Kapɩfɛɛrɩ taa sɔɔjana paza you nɛ pañɩnɩɣ kpem se pawɛɛ pa-tɩ yɔɔ lɛ, Pɔritigalɩ mba se-peeɖe pɩnaɣ 1974. Ɛlɛ you laba sɩŋŋŋ nɛ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ hiu nɛ naalɛ mbʊ yɔ nɛ pɩnaɣ 1973 lɛ keteŋga kpeekpe ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se ONU yɔ, kɩha Kiine-Pisaʊ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ caʊʊ.
Pɩnaɣ 2003 taa pɔtɔ hɔzʊʊ kɛ peeɖe ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ yɔɔ nɛ pɩkɔma pɩsɩŋ lɛ pɔtɔ caca nɛ palɩzɩ pa-paɣtʊ ñʊndɩnaa nɛ pɩnaɣ 2005 tɛ hasɩ yaɖɛ kɩyakʊ nɛɛlɛ nɛ naanza lɛ paɖaɣnɩ caca lɛɛkʊ tɔʊ nɛ palɩzɩ pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ. Lakiŋ fenaɣ kacalaɣ wiye kɛ pɩnaɣ 2009 kɛ pakʊ sɔɔja sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ se Zeneralɩ Tagmé Na Waié yɔ. Kpaagba mbʊ lɛ sɔɔjana cɔna se peeɖe ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ João Bernardo Vieira tɔmna se pɩla mbʊ. Kifema kpaagbaa lɛ sɔɔjanaa ñakpaɣ hɔzɩŋ nɛ pakʊ ñʊʊdʊ ɛnʊ.
Ɛyaa panɛ, João Bernardo Vieira nɛ João Bernardo Vieira pa-sɩm lɛ, paapɩɩla ɛzɩma yɔ, pɩkɛna Kolombii tabakʊʊyaɣ pɛtɩya tɩna-tʊ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɩnaɣ 2008 taa kɛ paawɛɛ pahʊna tɔm kɛ sɔɔja sɔsɔ José Américo Bubo Na Tchuto weyi ɛcɔŋna lɩm taa sɔɔjanaa yɔɔ yɔ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɩwɛ ɛzɩ ehuuzaɣ tabakʊyaɣ mba yɔɔ yɔ. Pɩkɔma nɛ pɩtalɩ lakiŋ fenaɣ 2013 lɛ, pakpa sɔɔja José Américo Bubo Na Tchuto ɛnʊ nɛ powona-ɩ Etaazunɩ tɛtʊ taa mbʊ yɔɔ toovenim taa lɛ ɛpɛdɩɣ taba kʊʊyaɣ.
Alɩpʊwaa
Pʊŋ sɔsɔŋ nɩɩyɛ pɩlɩ ɖama yɔɔ nɛ payaa-ɩ se alɩpʊwaa. Ɛwɛ kʊhʊlʊmaa tɛtʊ ilemiye taa, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛwɛ Erɔpʊ tɛtʊ ilemiye taa. Ɛpɩlaa, kpaɣna Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ hayi kiŋ kamaɣ yɔɔ nɛ puwolo Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa nɛ pɩɖɛɛ Monako nɛ Suwiisi nɛ Lisitɛnsɩtayɩnɩ nɛ Otirisi nɛ Caama nɛ hadɛ kiŋ nɛ Siloveni pa-ajɛya taa.
Alɩpʊ pʊŋ kʊyaa pɩtalɩ mɛtɛnaa 4 809 pʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Pʊʊ kʊhʊlʊmʊʊ (Mont Blanc) yɔ kʊ-ñʊʊ taa. Pʊŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-taa lɛ, papɩzɩɣ pakalɩ pʊŋ weyi ɛkɩlɩ kʊyʊʊ kpem yɔ pɩtalɩ pʊŋ nɩɩnʊwa nɛ niidozo nɛ pʊŋ naalɛ (82). Ɛ-kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ cɛzɩ mɛtɛnaa 4 000 yɔɔ. Suwiisi ɛjaɖɛ taa pʊʊ kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ kɛ mɛtɛnaa nɩɩnaza nɛ lutozo (48). Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa ñɩŋgʊ kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ ñɛkɛ mɛtɛnaa niidozo nɛ lutozo (38) nɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa pʊʊ kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ ñɛkɛ mɛtɛnaa nɩɩlɛ nɛ naanza (24). Mbʊ pɩtamsɩna pʊŋ ɛnʊ nɛ kɛdɛnzɩ yaa ajɛya yɔ, pʊkʊyaa pɩcɛzɩ mɛtɛnaa kudokuŋ naalɛ (2 000). Kpaɣna Meditɛɛranee teŋgʊ nɛ puwolo Daniibi (Danube) pɔɔ lɛ, alɩpʊwaa hɔma pɩtalɩ kilomɛtɛnaa 1 200.
Alɩkɔɔlɩ
Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɩkʊʊ tɛ lɛ, payaɣ mbʊ se alɩkɔɔlɩ yɔ pɩkɛ pɩyʊʊ nɩɩ weyi ɛ-taa wɛ lɩm hoka OH yɔ. Ɛnɛyɔ ɛwɛna karɩbɔnɩ tɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɩkʊʊ tɛ kɩɖaʊ tɩmʊʊ liɖe, alɩkɔɔlɩ waa tɛ ŋgʊ. Hɔɔlasɩ sakɩyɛ nzɩ kpayaɣ fɛyɩ nɛ sɩ-kiɖe num kpayaɣ kɩ-hɛɖaɣ cɛŋga ŋga kɩtɛtɛyɩ hɔɔlɩŋ sakɩyɛ tɛ matʊ yɔ CnH2n+1OH. Pɩkɛ kajalaɣ alɩkɔɔlɩ num kpayaɣ kɩ-hɛɖaɣ. Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɩkʊʊ taa wɛ alɩkɔɔlɩ naa pʊɖɔɔ padaa kɔyɔ furfuryliki tɛ ŋgʊ nɛ benzyliki tɛ alɩkɔɔlɩ nɛ amyliki tɛ ŋgʊ nɛ coniféryliki ŋgʊ nɛ vératyle tɛ ŋgʊ nɛ paracoumaryliki tɛ ŋgʊ nɛ polyvinyliki tɛ ŋgʊ nɛ cétyliki tɛ ŋgʊ yaa hexadécanol tɛ ŋgʊ nɛ cyclohexyliki tɛ ŋgʊ nɛ pinacoliki tɛ ŋgʊ yaa panicol ŋgbaɣ nɛ ndɩ.
Payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se alɩkɔɔlɩ lɛ pɩkɛ sʊlʊm ɖoŋ mbʊ nɛ pɩtaa wɛ pʊdʊʊ weyi payayɩ-ɩ se etanɔɔlɩ yɔ, ɛnʊ yekina se sʊlʊm ɛwɛ ɖoŋ siŋ. Ɛlɛ Eerɔpʊ kɔ lila ɖɩlaɖɛ taa lɛ, etanɔɔlɩ ŋgʊ kʊ-hoɖe sɩna 94 payaɣ-kʊ alɩkɔɔlɩ ŋgʊ etanɔɔlɩ mbilim lɛ payaɣ-kʊ etanɔɔlɩ. Ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩtasɩ yaʊ alɩkɔɔlɩ se sʊlʊm ɖoŋ mbʊ nɛ sʊlʊm mbʊ pɔtɔŋ se pɩwɛ ɖoŋ yɔ pɩ-taa wɛ etanɔɔlɩ. Kɩ-haɖaʊ ɖɩlɩyɛ tɔm pakɩlɩɣ yɔɔdʊʊ. Siidiri tɛ alɩkɔɔlɩ yaa Calvados nɛ pɩyɛɛrɩ sʊlʊm nɛ malɩtɩ yaa wɩsɩkɩ nɛ ɔrɩgɩ sɩ ʊlʊm nɛ tɛtɛɛ hɛyɛ sʊlʊm yaa pee mʊlʊm ñɩnaa nɛ ŋvɛ sʊlʊm nɛ fɩŋfɩŋ sʊlʊm ɛzɩ rɔm nɛ mɔʊ sʊlʊm ɛzɩ Sapɔŋ tɛ saké. Samɩla sʊlʊm nɛ pam sʊlʊm nɛ kpaakpa sʊlʊm nɛ tɩŋ pee tɛ sʊlʊm. Tɔmʊʊ alɩkɔɔlɩ kɛ tɔm piye kɩkɩndɩyɛ. Ɖɩlɩnɛ latɛŋ hɛkʊ pɩnaɣ taa pɩtɩŋna lɔŋ sɩnɖʊʊ alkohol nɛ romanɩ kʊnʊmɩŋ kɛ Ibériki tɛtɛ nzʊlɩmɩyɛ (Kasɩtɩllan yaa katalan alcohol lusitanien álcool), arabɩ tɛtɛ ɛwadɩyɛ الكحول al-kohol ɛlɛ nabʊyʊ taa patʊʊ ɖɩ-taa nɛ paya se al-kôl.
Kameruni pʋʋ
Kameruni Pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Afrika pʊŋ weyi ɛmʊ mɩŋ nɛ ɛwɛ Stratovolcans waa taa yɔ. Mɩŋ nzʊlɩma wena kɩtɔʊ yɔ, apɩzɩɣ atalɩ 1400km2 kɩtɛ walaŋzɩ talɩɣ ɛzɩ 1300km2. Kameruni peeɖe, tɛtʊ pɩsɩneɛ mɩŋ ŋzʊlʊma wena alɩɣ yɔ, asɛ kpaʊʊ nɛ mɩŋ nzʊlʊma wena alɩɣ yɔ, alɩʊna miŋ momoloku ŋga ki-taa nɛ pɛɛ wena awɛ ɖoŋ kpaŋŋ nɛ payaɣ yɛ se basaltes yɔ nɛ alɩna trachy-basaltiques taa. Pɛɛ ana alina ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ océanites, hawaiites, trachytes, téphrites nɛ phonolites pa-taa. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛ pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hayʊ kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖɩyɛ tɛ hadɛ kɩŋ. Kɩcɔ kɩta nɛ kɩyele kataŋa kamaɣ yɔɔ. Kataŋa ŋga ka-taa nɛ kaaŋ ndɩ ndɩ weyɩ ɛwɛ ɖoŋ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, panaɣ ɖɔɖɔɔ kpambʊyʊʊ tɩyɛ.kaaŋ nɛ kpambʊyʊʊ; ɛnʊ elɩna ɖooo caanaʊ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩwɛ quaternaire taa yɔɔ. Peheyiɣ-dʊ se Précambrien alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, tɛtʊ kañamsaa nɛ miŋ nzɩlɩma lɩɩ nɛ pɩpɩsɩ kaaŋ pʊʊŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-taa. Kameruni pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ kɛcɛlɛnzɩ takɩlɩ hadɛ kiŋ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɩyasɩ nzɩ payaɣ-si se petit mont Kameruni yɔ sɩwɛ pʊʊ ŋgʊ ɖoli ɖoli. Pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ pɔɔ sɔsɔ nakayɛ ñɛwɛ nɛ kafalʋʋ.
Pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩyɔ, kpaɣ na ɖooo pɩdɛɛ ŋgɔɔ ŋtʊlɩ kɩ-ñʊʊ taa hem mɩŋ nzʊlʊma wena tɛtʊ ñamsʊ nɛ alɩʊ yɔ, atɛ kaaŋ ɖeke went. Pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩhɛkɩŋ taa ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ yɔ, tɛtʊ pɩzɩɣ tɩñamsɩ nɛ tɩya nɛ mɩŋ nzʊlʊma lɩɩ nɛ pɩɖaanɩ kaaŋ kɩfaŋ lɩzɩʊ. Kameruni pʊʊ nʊʊ taa hem lɛ,pɩwɛ landamm nɛ tɛtʊ ɖɩɩna ñamsɩɣ nɛ mɩŋ nzʊlɩma ɖɩnɛ lɩʊ ɖɔɖɔ alɩɩwatʊ natʊyʊ natʊyʊ. Fako hɔɔlʊ taa lɛ, pɩfɛyɩ yɔɔdʊ. Peeɖe kɩlɩna. Mɩŋ nzʊlʊma pɩzɩʊ pɩkʊyɩ ɛsɔtaa pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ mɛta waa 4040,4070 yaa 4095 mbʊ yɔ. Fako tɛ kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ ɛnʊ, ɛyɔɔ kɛ Kameruni taa le pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɩlɩna kʊyʊ. Pʊyɔ yɔ pakpaɣ Kameruni ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ lɛ ŋgʊ kɩlɩna kʊyʊ.
Paakpaɣ Kameruni pʊʊ yem yem. Pɩwɛ kaɖɛ. Paɖʊ aliwaatʊ pʊcɔ pakpa. Alɩwatʊ ndʊ tɩkɩla ɖeu yɔ, nɖɩ lɛ lɔŋɩyɛ taa. Pɩkɩlɩna saŋgayɩŋ fenaɣ, kɔlaɣ fenaɣ nɛ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ. Kedeŋa yɔɔ cɔyʊ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ, ɛ-ñuu taa wɛ lɔŋ sɩŋŋ nɛ ɛkɛ takayaɣ taa mayʊ, payaɣ-ɩ se Richard Francis Burton, ɛkɛ Anglishɩ tʊ, ɛnʊ ɛpɩzɩna ɛkpa pʊʊ ŋgʊ kacalaɣ kpaʊ ke pɩnaɣ 1861.
Paa kɔlaɣ fenaɣ ŋga ka-taa, Kameruni Pʋʋ kpaʊ kolokaɣ wɛɛ. Payaɣ-kɛ se "Mount Cameroon Race of Hope" yaa Lidau kolokaɣ. Mba pakɩlɩɣ seʊ yɔ; palakɩ ñɩɩtʊ lɩ nɛ hɔɔlʊ nɛ patalɩ. Kacalaɣ kolokaɣ paazɩ pɩnaɣ 1973. Sʊlʊm mbʊ payaɣ se Guiness yɔ, pɩtɩnaa ñɔɔzaɣna pɩtɛ aleɣya ana. Deɖe ɖeɖe 2005 kanɛyɔ, Kameruni taa ŋgbɛyɛ ndɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se "Fédération Camerounaise d’Athlétisme" yɔ, ɖɩmʊ hayɩsɩʊ mbʊ nɛ ɖɩcɔŋna pʊ yɔɔ.
=Kɩ-hɩɖɛ lɩna le ?= =Le kɩwɛɛ ?= =Kɩ-tɔm= =Kɩ-yɔɔ kpaʊ= =Kɩ-ɛyaa ̃nʊʊ= =Ɖenɖe panaɣ kɩ-tɔm yɔ= =Tɔm lɛɛtʊ=
Leemuu
Leemuu kɛ nandʊʊ piye tɩŋ, pɩkɛ leemuu tɩŋ piye kɩkɛ tɩŋ tamsʊʊ cejewiye taa nandʊʊ piye. Ɛ-ɖɔɔ sakɩyɛ nɛ kajalaɣ lɛ, ɛlɩnɛ Citrus simens tɩŋ tɛ ɛzɩ calɩm leemɩŋ nɛ ñaŋ leemɩŋ weyi ɛlɩnɛ leemɩŋ nɩ ndɩ cɔlɔ yɔ. Pɩkɛ tɩŋ piye ndɩ pɔtɔkɩ-ɖɩ yɔ, ɖɩ-hɩɖɛ sɛwa pɩlɩnɛ kɩ-tɛ fitamini C paa papɩzɩɣ se pɛkɛtɩna-kʊ nɛ tɩŋ pee lɛɛnaa nɛ tɩŋ hatʊ lɛɛtʊ yɔ. Pɩkɛ tɩŋ piye nanza ñɩndɛ ndɩ pakɩlɩ hayʊʊ kedeŋga kpeekpe taa yɔ. Leemuu ɛzɩ ɖɩnɩɣ kɩ-hɩɖɛ yɔ wɛna leemuu tɛ sɛmɩŋ. Kɩ-tɔnʊʊ wɛ kpɩzɩŋ nɛ kɩ-yɔɔ wɛ ñɔkʊ ñɔkʊ. kɩ-taa wɛ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ kɩ-kopuu mandarini yɔ. Kɩ-taa lɩm wɛ lelemɩnaɣ nɛ pɩ-taa wɛ sikiri nɛ ñɩmɩŋ nɛ pɩ-taa wɛ fitamini C. Palakɩ-kʊ nɛ saladɩ nɛ anasaayɩ cotuu yaa pɔñɔʊ kɩ-lɩm. Calɩm leemɩŋ kpaɣ ɛ-hɩɖɛ ɖenɖe keeke ɛkɛ kɩsɛmɩŋ ɛ-tomnaɣ yɔ. Pɩtɛ sɛmɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛlɩnɛ antocyane cɔlɔ nɛ pɩkpeekpe pɩkpɛndʊʊ tɩŋ nɩɩyɛ tɛ lɛ, pɩpɩsɩɣ niikaɣ. Leemuu tɛ antocyane ɖoo kiɖe tɛ lɛ, pɩwɛ yuulee ɛlɛ pɩpɩsɩɣ kɩsɛmɩŋ pɩkatʊʊ leemuu ñɩmɩŋ lɩm. Leemuu tɛ nɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩtɩlɩɣ nɔmɔŋ sɔsɔŋ nɩɩlɛ weyi kɩtɩŋga nɛ kʊsʊʊ Eerɔpʊ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Mediteranee nɔmɔʊ canaʊ katʊʊ alɩwaatʊ taa (kpaɣɖʊ 9 nɛ 13) pɩlɩnɛ leemuu ñaŋ ŋgʊ ŋgʊ Pɛrɩsɩ mba ɖɛzaɣ Arabɩ mba piye nɩ pɔsɔ-dɩ Sisili ɛjaɖɛ taa ɖenɖe kɩmɩzaa nɛ pɩtalɩ Erɔpʊ tɩŋga taa yɔ.
Nabʊlɛ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, kpaɣɖʊ 16 taa lɛ, Pɔrɩtɩkɛ mɛlɛ naa taa nɔmɔŋ woɖaa lɩɣ leleŋ leemuu yɔ siini nɛ papɩsɩna-kʊ Eerɔpʊ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ kɩwa leemuu ñŋ ŋgʊ. Ɖooo kpaɣɖʊ nɛɛlɛ hɛkʊ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ leemuu kɛkɛ ajana pʊyʊʊ nɛ pahaɣ-kʊ ɛzɩ Nɔwɛlɩ kʊjɔʊ nɛ Nicolas kɩɖeɖeʊ (Peyibaa) kɛ piya. Kɩ-haɖaʊ kawaba mbʊ ɖooo lɔŋ lɛ kɩpɩsɩɣ maŋpɩza waa ɖoŋ pɩyʊʊ.
Caŋgayɩ
Caŋgayɩ wɛ lɩm pɔɔ nakayɩ cɔlɔ nɛ payaɣ-kɛ se Yaŋgɩ Jiyaŋgɩ nɛ pɔɔ ŋga ka-lɩm pɩyʊʊ siini teŋu ŋgʊ kɩwɛna wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kiŋ yɔ kɩ-taa. Payaɣ Caŋgayɩ maalika yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ kɩfalʊ se Yang Xiong nɛ ɛ-takayaɣ taa mayʊ kɔyɔ Han Zheng.
Irakɩ
Irakɩ kɛna Prɔɔsɩ-oriyaŋ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna hayi kɩŋ. Irakɩ tɔbʊʊ se pɩdɛɛ pɩdɛɛ tɛtʊ nɛ patasɩɣ-tʊ yaʊ ɖɔɖɔ se pɔsɩ nasɩlɛ ɛjaɖɛ. Peeɖe tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Pagidaadɩ. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwanzɩ taa wɛ ɛzɩ 435 052 km2 yɔ.
Irakɩ wɛna Iranɩ tɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa nɛ Sorɩdanɩ nɛ Arabi-Sawudiiti hayʊ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ kɩŋ. Piyele Siiri wɛna wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛ Kowɛtɩ hayʊ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ Tuurkii hadɛ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa. Irakɩ taa kɛ karazɩm kɩlɩ wɛʊ keteŋa kpeeekpe taa nɛ ɖɩwɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa ajɛya wena a-taa karazɩm wɛɛ nɛ pɛpɛdɩɣ-pʊ nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna nɛ payaɣ-ɖɩ se OPEP yɔ ɖɩ-taa.
Papaazɩɣ takayaɣ taa maʊ peedɛ yɔ pɩlakɩ pɩnzɩ kutokiŋ kagbanzɩ.
Keteŋa kpeekpe kacalaɣ you wayɩ kɛ Kewiisi-Kpɛndɩɣ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa woba nɛ pacaɣ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa nɛ pakpacayʊ-ɖɩ. Pɩwayɩ lɛ pakpaɣ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ nɛ paɖʊzɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe ajɛya kpɛndɩɣ nɛsi tɛɛ. Pɩkɔma nɛ pɩktalɩ pɩnaɣ 1920 lɛ you nakʊyʊ tuli ajɛya ana a-hɛkʊ taa pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩ ɩna Irakɩ wɛ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1932. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa kewiyaɣ tɔm wɛ kaɖɛ: hɔzɩŋ pakʊna ɖama nɛ pakpakɩɣ-kɛ. Pɩkɔma pɩtalɩ pinaɣ 1979 lɛ pɩtalɩna Saddam Hussein kɛlɛ.