cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
Ɖomba kpada kpada
Ɖomba kpada kpada kɛna lɩm falɩyɛ. Pʋwɛ tomnaɣ tɩyɛ. Ɖomba kpada kpada cɛkɩ nɛ atikina pʋʋ yɔɔ. Atiki kpilaa kpilaa. Awɛ paɣ paɣ. Anidiɣ ɖɩŋɖɩŋ. Tɛŋ sɔsɔŋ nɩɣ lɛ ɖomba kpada kpada ana atiki siŋŋ. Ɖomba lɩm falɩyɛ kɛna kodudaɣ pɩyʋ mbʋ payaɣna Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa size "aléa" yɔ. Ɖomba anɛ a-tɛ helim wɛ fiii fiii nɛ akɔŋna asɛyɩŋ sakɩyɛ. Ɖomba kpada kpada kɔŋna kaɖɛ siŋŋ ɛjaɖɛ n̄ɩm yɔɔ. Alɩɣna pʋŋ sɔsɔŋ nɛ cikpeŋ yɔɔ yem kiɖi kiɖi. Acaɣ ɖoŋ siŋŋ. Ɖomba kpada kpada n̄ɩna anɛ, alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa pɩlakɩ kiɖi nɛ pɩpazɩ tibu nɛ pʋŋ yɔɔ lɛ, pɩwɛɛkɩɣ wondu sakɩyɛ. Ɖomba kpada kpada kɔŋna kɛgbɛdasɩ nzɩ yɔ, sɩɖɔ pɩŋŋ.
Samaɣ kpɛlɛkʋʋ lɛɣtʋ piliŋa
Ɛbɛ yeba nɛ ɖa-caanaa wɛŋa pɩ-tɛ lɩmaɣza ana ? Samaɣ kpɛlɛkʋʋ nɛ ka-tɩlʋʋ lɛɣtʋ piliŋa ñɩnɩɣna nɛ kana mbʋ pʋyɔɔ ɖa-caanaa kɛwɛna pɩ-tɛ lɩmaɣza ana yɔ. Kañɩnɩɣ nɛ katɩlɩ mbʋ pʋyɔɔ ɖa-caanaa kɛwɛna pɩ-tɛ lɩmaɣza lɛ, ka-tʋmɩyɛ kɛlɛ se kalʋ nɛ kañɩnɩ lɛɣtʋ yaa lɔŋ weyi ɛ-yɔɔ patɩŋna nɛ samaɣ nɩɩ pɩ-taa ɖeu se anasaayɩ sukuli labʋ wɛ wazaɣ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ yɔ.
Ɖomba kpada kpada
Ɖomba kpada kpada tɛ ɖoŋ pɩzɩɣ piseɣ tɩŋ. Pɩpɩzɩɣ pʋkʋ tɛtɛ kpɩna nɛ wondu lɛɛtʋ sakɩyɛ.
Pɔyɔɔdʋʋ ɖomba kpada kpada tɔm lɛ, pɩcaɣ paa weyi lɛ sɔɔndʋ, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, ɖomba kpada kpada kɛ pʋyʋ kaɖɛ n̄ɩmbʋ siŋŋ. Ɖomba ana, akʋʋ ɛyaa mba pɩnaɣ taa yɔ, pɛfɛyɩ kalʋʋ. Kedeŋa n̄ɩm ɖɔɖɔ leki sakɩyɛ pɩlɩna ɖomba kpada kpada tibuu yɔɔ. Ɖomba kpada kpada anɛ, awɛ paa pʋʋ ŋgʋ kʋ-yɔɔ. Pɩfɛyɩ tɛm paa wiɖiyi. Ɖomba anɛ, awɛ kpɛzɛlɛɛ ɛzɩ pʋyʋ kɩkpaɣm yɔ. Pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩwadɩ nɛ puhuzi ɖɛsɩ yaa kuduyuŋ sakɩyɛ yɔɔ. Kedeŋa tɛtʋ yɔɔ n̄ɩm tɔm tʋmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkɩyaa n̄ɩnɩyaa sakɩyɛ cɛyɩ pa-tɩ nɛ pan̄ɩnɩ mbʋ palʋbɩna pɩtɛ kɛgbɛdasɩ nzɩ yɔ. Ɛlɛ, paapɩzɩɣ paɖɩɣ pɩ-tɛ lakasɩ nzɩ kaʋ.
Ferré Gola
Ferré Gola hɩɖɛ sɔsɔyɛ kɔyɔ Hervé Gola Bataringe nɛ palʊla-ɩ lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naatozo wiye pɩnaɣ 1976 kɛ kɩnsasa tɛtʊ taa. Ɛkɛ hendu teyu, ti-luɖu, lala hendu maɣzɩyʊ nɛ ɛpaɣ ɖɔɖɔ kamaɣ fɛyɩ. Ɛ-hɩla kɩsɛsɛna yɔ: Jésus de Nuances, Chair de Poule, Le Padré, Nika boronina Hervé Gola Bataringe hendu teu taa kɛ hendu teyaa ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɩɩ ɛ-taŋ nɛ pamʊ-ɩ pa-taa ɛlɛ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ hiu nɛ nakʊ.
Ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se Werrason nɛ pʊkɔma pɩtalɩ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ lʊbɛ wiye pɩnaɣ 1977 lɛ, ɖɩyɔkɩ. Pɩlaba mbʊ lɛ, ɛsʊʊ ŋgbɛyɛ kɩfaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ taa nɛ payaɣ-dɩ se Wenge Musica Maison Mère. Ɛwɛ pɩ-taa pɩzɩɩna ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ lʊbɛ yɔ. Ɛ-ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa kɔyɔ Werrason, Adolphe Dominguez nɛ Didier Masela.
Hendu teu kanahaʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ -kʊ se Vita-Imana yɔ, ŋgʊ ɛlɩza Solola Bien taa nɛ pɩla ɛ-hɩɖɛ tasa kʊyʊ ɛsɔta. Ɛlɩza-kʊ pɩnaɣ 1999 taa. Pɩnaɣ 2004 taa Ferré, Bill Clinton Kalonji nɛ J.D.T. Mulopwe panana ɖama nɛ palɩzɩ hendu teu kanahaʊ nakʊyɔʊ nɛ payaa-kʊ se Miracles, pʊtɔbʊʊ se hama lakasɩ. Palɩza-kʊ nɛ pɩlakaɣ ɛzɩ pɩnaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ yɔ lɛ, paya ɖama ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ pɩdɩɩ yɔ.
1920
Pɩnaɣ 1920 kɛ pɩnaɣ 1920 ñɩŋga kɛ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ yɔ. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ taa lɛ, pɩnaɣ 1920 kɛŋna 20 ñɩŋga. Kɛwɛ pɩnzɩ 1919 nɛ 1921 hɛkʋ taa. =1920 taa lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ = Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ sɩnɛ yɔ sɩlaba :
Martin Luther
Martin Luther, palʊla-ɩ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 10 pɩnaɣ 1483 Eisleben, Thuringe, Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛsɩ ɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 18 pɩnaɣ 1546 tɛtʊ kʊyʊm ndʊ tɩ-taa, ɛkɛ Ɛsɔ tɔm tʊmɩyɛ tʊ, nɛ payaɣ-ɩ se ɖalʊʊ, ɖɔɖɔ ɛkɛ wɩlɩyʊ sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa, ɛnʊ pʊzɩna pɩɣyɩyaa tɩnaa cɔɔcɩ, ɛnʊ lɛzɩna mba palʊkɩ maɣzɩm mbʊ se pɔtɔsɔɔlɩ pɩɣyɩyaa tɛ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ aŋgba.
Ɛ-ɛsɩyɛ sɛna ñʊʊ yabɩtʊ tɔm mbʊ lɛ, nɛ sɔndʊ kpaɣ-ɩ nɛ hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ alɩwaatʊ taa sɩm tɔm mbʊ lɛ, ehiɣ ɖoŋ sɔsɔŋ nɩɩyɛ Yesuu hɔɔlʊʊ pɩtɩŋna Ɛsɔ tɔm takayaɣ kiɖeɖeɣa taa takayaɣ ŋga Paul tɩyɩna Room ñɩmba yɔ. Luther cɔlɔ lɛ, ciyam ñʊʊ yabɩtʊ kɛ Ɛsɔ kʊjɔʊ, kɩlɩna tɩ kɩwɛkɩm yɔɔ kpiɖiɣ nɛ Yesuu Krɩstʊ yɔɔ tisuu piŋ se ɛnʊ kɛna Mesiya, paa ŋtɛkɛ cɔɔcɩ tʊ kɔyɔ.
Palʊla Martin Luther Eisleben (Mansfeld, sɔnɔ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩyaɣ se Saxe-Anhalt yɔ) kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 10 pɩnaɣ 1483. Ɛkɛ kajalaɣ pɩɣa Hans Luder cɔlɔ ɛ nɛ ɛ-halʊ Marguérite Zidler. Ɛ-caa kaakɛ haɖʊ ɖooo kiɖe tɛɛ, pʊwayi pamʊ-ɩ tʊmɩyɛ kuwiviri ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ ɖɩlaɖɛ Mansfeld egeetiye taa, pʊwayɩ ɛpaɣzɩ huyu nɛ ɛnaŋɩɣ kuwiviri ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ, peeɖe ehiɣ ɛ-tɩ nɛ ñɩm tʊ. Martin Luther wɛna ɖalaa nɛ kɔɔnaa siŋ kɛlɛ ɛkɩlɩ sɔɔlʊʊ ɛ-ɖalʊ Jacob.
Wɩsɩ kʋdɔŋ
Payaɣ wɩsɩ kʋdɔŋ ɖɔɖɔ se pʋtʋ kʋdɔŋ. Kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ ɛzɩ kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ payaɣ se plazmodɩyɔm yɔ, nɖɩ haɣna wɩsɩ kʋdɔŋ. Pɔɖʋʋ halɩn̄ɩŋgʋ ŋgʋ payaɣ se anofɛɛlɩ yɔ n̄asɩɣna ɛyʋ nɛ kɩɖɛsɩ-ɩ kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ kɩn̄asɩɣ ɛyʋ weyi wɩsɩ kʋdɔŋ kpa-ɩ yɔ, kɩn̄ɔʋ ɛ-calɩm taa kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ nɛ kiwolo kɩn̄asɩ weyi wɩsɩ kʋdɔŋ takpa-ɩ yɔ nɛ kɩɖɛzɩ ɛlɛɛ kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ nɛ ɛlɛ tɔlɩ kʋdɔŋ kpaakpaa. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ wɩsɩ kʋdɔŋ piye sʋʋ ɛyʋ calɩm taa yɔ, ɖɩkʋʋ ɛyʋ calɩm taa tooto pe wena alʋkɩna kʋdɔmɩŋ yɔ.
Pɩnaɣ 2013 taa wɩsɩ kʋdɔŋ kpa ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ waa 207 nɛ pa-taa lɛ, ɛyaa 627 000 hiɣ sɩm. Yee mbʋ wɩsɩ kʋdɔŋ kɩlɩɣna ɛyaa kʋʋ kedeŋ yɔɔ cɩnɛ. Piya nzɩ sɩtatalɩda pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ yɔ nɛ halaa hosi tɩnaa wɩsɩ kʋdɔŋ kɩlɩɣ kʋʋ. Ajɛya wena awɛ Sahara nɛ pɩ-tɛɛ Afrɩka hɔɔlʋʋ taa yɔ, a-ɛyaa mɩnʋʋ yɔɔ lɛ, wɩsɩ kʋdɔŋ kpa ɛyaa 80.
Laŋgbɛzɩyɛ
Laŋgbɛzɩyɛ, ɖɔɖɔ payaɣ se nɖɩ wɛtʊ, mɛwɛ meɖeke lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tʊ yaa laŋgbɛzɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ, pɩkɛ ɛyʊ ñʊʊ taa kiyii tɔm yaa laŋɩyɛ pɩsʊ tɔm nɛ pɩ-tɛ alɩwaatʊ nɖʊ tɩ-taa lɛ ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛwɛ hɛɛɛ ɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ ɛfɛyɩ ɛyaa taa yɔ nɛ ɛtaafɛyɩ leleŋ ɛ-tʊma taa ɛzɩ ɛtɩɩ wɛʊ yɔ. Laŋgbɛzɩyɛ kɛ ɛjandʊ tɔm nɛ nabʊyʊ taa pɩlɩna ɖom, tɔɔnaɣ nɛ alaafɩya yɔɔ kɛlɛ pɩwɛɛ kaɖɛ piŋ nɛ hali pɩ-tɛ ɛyʊ pɩzʊʊ se ɛkʊ ɛ-tɩ (kɔzɩ kɔzɩ kʊñɔŋ ɛsɛñɩŋɩyɛ alɩwaatʊ). Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, pɩlɩna laŋgbɛzɩyɛ yɔɔ ɛyaa mba pakʊ pa-tɩ yɔ talɩ 3,4 kɛ mɩnʊʊ yɔɔ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ mɩnʊʊ yɔɔ lɛ ɛyaa 60 kʊ pa-tɩ pɩlɩna laŋgbɛzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-yɔɔ yaa lɩmaɣza lɛɛna yɔɔ pɩlɩna mbʊ ɛyʊ fɛyɩ ɛ-tɩ yɔɔ yɔ. Ɛyaa mba pɛwɛ cɛyɩtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa yɔ pe-fezuu caɣʊ eeleɖiɣ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɛfɛyɩ ɛzɩ ɛyaa lalaa yɔ, kʊdɔmɩŋ lɛɛŋ ñakpaɣ-wɛ yem yem ɖɔɖɔ lɛ pa-maɣmaɣ pakʊ pa-tɩ. Kʊdɔntɩnaa mba ɖɔɖɔ pɩtɩɩ wɛʊʊ nɛ halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ pesekiɣ-wɛ mɔɔŋ.
Kʊdɔŋ tɩnaa mba palakɩ-wɛ kɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ, nabʊyʊ taa maɣzɩm tʊmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkɩyaa lakɩ-wɛ maɣzɩm taa kʊdɔmɩŋ kɔɔ. Pɛ-tɛ sɩɣ kɛ fɛɖaa tɛ wɛ kɩjɛyɩɣ piŋ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pakandʊʊ pɔ-yɔɔ nɛ pataa kʊ pa-tɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ pɩɖaŋɩɣ pa-ɖɩcaɣyɛ taa ɛyaa yɔɔ.
Ɖɩkpaɣ kpaɣɖɩŋ sakɩyɛ tɛm ɖʊ yɔ natʊ yaa ɛsɩyɛ egbena tɔm kɔyɔ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kʊ-tɔm paɣla kpem nɛ pɩcaɣ ndɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ. Pekpeɣ kɩlɩna ɖenɖenaa sakɩyɛ, kɛlɛ pɔtɔŋ pɩlɩna nabʊyʊ taa fezuu kpɛlɛkʊʊ cɔlɔ, maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ cɔlɔ nɛ ɛyaa cɔlɔ maɣzɩm yaa ɛjaɖɛ taa wɛtʊ naa cɔlɔ. Ɖɩcɔna ɖɔɖɔ kɔyɔ ɖɩnaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se nabʊyʊ kɔɔ kpaɣʊ kadatayaɣ nɛ sʊlʊm ɖoŋ ñɩmbʊ nabʊyʊ naa kɔŋna tɩlɩsɩ nzɩ.
Hayʊ Kiŋ Teŋgu
Hayʊ Kiŋ Teŋgu kʊnɛ kɩkɛna teŋgu ŋgʊ kɩwadɩna Atlantiki lɩŋgamʊʊ nɛ kɩsʊʊ keteŋga tɛtʊ taa yɔ. Hayʊ kiŋ teŋgu kʊnɛ kɩ-walanzɩ mɩtaɖɛ wɛ 575 000 km2. Ajɛya wena acɔ hayʊ kiŋ teŋgu kʊnɛ nɛ ata yɔ, anaa yɔ: wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ɛlɛ Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ, wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɛlɛ Taanɩmarkɩ, hadɛ kiŋ ɛlɛ Peeyibaa nɛ Pɛɛlɩziki, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa nɛ hayʊ kiŋ ɛlɛ Sɛɛtlandii nɛ Ɔrkaadi tɛtʊ ñabɩ ndʊ lɩm cɔɔnɛ pɩta yɔ, nɖʊ wɛna, wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ ɛlɛ Nɔɔrɩvɛɛzɩ piyele wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛlɛ Caama ɛjaɖɛ.
Kpɛndɛ kaatɩlɩtʊ
Kpɛndɛ kaatɩlɩtʊ pɩkɛ maɣzɩm taa takɩyɛ tʊmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ pɩlɩna ɛzɩma wɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ wɛɛ pɩcɛlɩna ɛyʊ wɛtʊ kpeekpe yɔɔ, paa pɩɩkɛ wɛɛ wena yaa lona wena. Maɣzɩm taa kʊdɔmɩŋ fɛɖʊ Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961), ɛnʊ lɩzɩna lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ nɛ ɛtɔŋ se kpeekpe tɛ kaatɩlɩtʊ tɔm ndʊ tɩwɛ ɖooo ɛyʊ lɩm taa kɛnɛ, paapɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ pɛlɛzɩ-ɩ nɛ tɩkɛ kʊyʊmtʊ paale.
Hayʊ Kiŋ Teŋgu
Teŋgʊ kʊnɛ nɛ pɔsɩ nzɩ sɩ-kaɣ lɩm yɔ, sɩ-taa kɔyɔ: wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ ɖooo hadɛ ɛlɛ Mansɩ Kalɛ lɔɔʊ, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ ɛlɛ Atɩlantiki lɩŋgamʊʊ, Hayʊ kiŋ ɛlɛ Nɔɔrɩvɛɛzɩ tɛŋgʊ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɛlɛ Skazera. Paltiki teŋgu nɛ hayɩ kiŋ teŋgu kʋnɛ yɔ, pa-lɩm kpeŋ ɖama taa pɩtɩŋgɩna Skageraki nɛ Kategati yaa Kili hɛnga pɔyɔ. Hayʊ kiŋ ɛlɛ, Atɩlantiki Lɩŋamʋʋ n̄ɔn̄ɔ nɛyɩ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ kiŋ.
Nɛ Nɔɔrɩvɛɛzɩ Teŋgu n̄atamasɩ na-kʊ nɛ hayu kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Hayɩ Kiŋ Teŋgu kʋnɛ kɩ-kɛna n̄ɩm sʋsɔm nabʋyʋ kpem. Kɩ-sɩɣna siŋŋ kɛ tɔsʊʊ nɛ ɛsɩndaa wobu nɛ taa. Teŋgu nɔɔ hɔɔlʋʋ taa ɛlɛ, tadɩyɛ labʊ ɖɔŋ camɩyɛ. Kɛɛkʋ wondu ɖɛzɩɣ wɛ lɔŋ lɔŋ camɩyɛ pɩŋŋ. Peɖe ɖɔɖɔ lɩm taa tɛtɛ wondu tɩŋga wɛɛ nɛ ɛyʊ pɩsʊ ɛya yaa pɩkɛna ɛsɩy egbena. Teŋgu ŋgʊ kɩ-taa peeɖe pasaɣ kaɖazɩm ɖɔɖɔ.
Kpɛndɛ kaatɩlɩtʊ
Yee Sigmund Freud ɛnʊ weyi ɛtɩna maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɔm cɔlɔ lɛ se kaatɩlɩtʊ wɛʊ yɔ pasɩma-tʊ se pɩlɩna ɛyʊ ñʊʊ taa cɔlɔ kɛlɛ Jung ñɔyɔɔdʊʊ lɛɛtʊ se hayi mbʊ yɔ pɩkɛ maɣzɩm fɛyɩ laɣsɩ.
Tɔmpiye kpeekpe kaatɩlɩtʊ (kollektives Unterbewußtsein kɛ Caama kʊnʊŋ taa) tɔbʊʊ nɩɣ kɛ Carl Gustav Jung cɔlɔ koŋ takʊʊ nɛ wiluu maɣzɩm tʊmɩyɛ ɖeɖe yeke. Patasɩm-ɖɩ maɣzɩm taa tazʊʊ ɖeɖe. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ kiyiduu piŋ pɩlɩna ɛzɩma kɩ-tɛ tɔbɩŋ nɩɣ ɖɔ sakɩyɛ yɔ. Pɩ-tɛ yiditu ndʊ tɩtɩna nɛ ɛyaa ɛɛnɩɣ Jung tʊma tɔbɩŋ ɖeu.
Franco Luambo
Palʊla François Luambo Luanzo Makiadi kɛ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ loɖo ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1938 kɛ Sona-Bata tɛtʊ taa, Koŋgo Pɛɛlɩzɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛsɩ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 12 wiye pɩnaɣ 1989 kɛ Mɔn-Godini tɛtʊ taa kɛ Pɛɛlɩziki ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 51. Ɛ-hɩla kɩsɛsɛna kɔyɔ: Franco de Mi Amor, Le Sorcier De La Guitare, Grand Maître Yorgho.
François Luambo Luanzo Makiadi kɛ Koŋgo ɛjaɖɛ taa hendu teyu, payʊ nɛ ti-luɖu nɔɔyʊ.Palʊla François Luambo Luanzo Makiadi kɛ Sona Pata tɛtʊ taa kɛ Koŋgoo Kinsasa ɛjaɖɛ taa. Payaɣ ɛ-caa se Joseph Emongo nɛ ɛlakɩ tʊmɩyɛ kɛ sulukuŋ kpayaɣ tʊmɩyɛ taa. E-ɖoo ñɔhɔkɩ kpɔnɔnaa nɛ ɛpɛdɩɣ kɩyakɩŋ nɩɩyɛ taa.
Ɖooo ɛ-pɩcatʊ kɛ ɛ-ñɩma kʊya powolo Leopoldvili taa nɛ pacaɣ peeɖe. Ɛ-ɖalʊ, Bavon Nsiongo, ñɛkɛna hendu teyu sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ ɛzɩ ɛnʊ yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1956 taa alɩwaatʊ ndʊ patʊla kɩgaʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ TP OK Jazz yɔ kɛ Franco paɣzɩ hendu teu kazandʊ kɩyakɩŋ wiye.
Kela fɔɔfɔɔ
Kela fɔɔfɔɔ yaa kela mʊtʊ kɛna kɛna mʊtʊ yaa fɔɔfɔɔ ŋgʊ paɖʊʊ-kʊ soloŋga yaa kidiitinau yɔɔ nɛ pahɩzʊna kele yɔɔ asʊʊma yɔ. Ɛlɛ nabuyʊ taa lɛ papɩzʊ pañalɩna kela yɔɔ nɛ kɩhɩzɩnaʊ paa kela fɔɔfɔɔ ŋgʊ kɩfɛyɩ kɔyɔ. Ɛlɛ kela mʊtʊ ndʊ tɩwɛna wazaɣ sɔsɔɣa kela ñɔɔzʊ nɛ a-tɛ alafɩya nɔmɔʊ taa. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pataɣ kela fɔɔfɔɔ kʊnɛ kɛ kela kɩhɩzɩnaʊ yɔɔ lɛ, pɩzaŋ nɛ asʊma wena ama kela yɔɔ kpaŋgbanaaa yɔ alɩ cɩɖɩ cɩdɩ nɛ pɩkazɩ kela ɖekɛ layɩ layɩ. Kela fɔɔfɔɔ ŋgʊ kɩɖɔɔnʊʊ ɛyʊ nɔɔ taa sɔŋ nɛ mʊtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa nɛ ɖɔɖɔ kɔɔ wena akʊʊ kɛla kʊdɔmɩŋ sakɩyɛ yɔ. Kɩñɔɔzʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ kɩnandʊ. Kɔɔ wena awɛ kela fɔɔfɔɔnaa mba pa-taa nɛ pʊkʊʊ kela nɛ a-kɩnandʊ tɛ kʊdɔmɩŋ yɔ a-taa kɔyɔ : fʊlʊyɔɖɩ nɛ piikaɖibonati tɛ sudi. Fʊlʊyɔɖɩ ɖaɣnʊ haʊ kela kɛ hʊlʊmɩŋ nɛ pikaɖboniti tɛ sudi ñañalʊna camɩyɛ cɩɖɩ cɩɖɩ kela. Kela mʊtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwazaɣ lɩʊna ɛzɩma petiki-kʊ kela yɔɔ yɔ, pɩɩliʊna kɩmaɣmaɣ kʊcɔlɔ.
Ɖooo lɔndaa lɛ, pataayaɣ se kela mʊtʊ ɛlɛ payawaɣ se kela mʊlʊm yaa kela kɔyɛ. Kela mʊlʊm mbʊ pakpakaɣ-pʊ nɛ pataɣ kela nɛ a-kɩnadʊ yɔɔ yem se pʊhʊlʊmɩ. Mʊlʊm mbʊ pakpakpaɣ ɛzɩ siɖikasi kʊlumɩsɩ yɔ yaa kaaŋ weyi ɩhʊlʊma layɩ layɩ yɔ yaa ɖɔɖo tɛtɛ kpɩna naayɛ mɔɔ nɛ pañaɣzʊ mɩŋ nɛ panaŋgʊ mʊnʊnʊ nɛ posu nabʊyʊ taa nɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛyʊ sɔɔlʊ se ɛhʊlʊsʊʊ e-kela lɛ, elii e-niye kɛ ŋvɩŋ sʊlʊm taa nɛ etisi mʊlʊm mbʊ pɩ-taa nɛ etiɣti ekela yɔɔ. Payaɣʊ se kela mʊtʊ yɔ pɩlɩna ɖenɖe kela yɔɔ ɖeke pɩsɩɣna nɛ pɔtrɔ-tʊ awayɩ paaliki yɔ.
Kacalaɣ taa kela mʊtʊ ndʊ pɛlɛɣ tɩ-yɔɔ lɩʊ yɔ, pɩɩkɛ ɖooo pɩnzɩ IV taa pʊcɔ palʊlʊʊ Yesu, nɛ pɩɩkɛ Egipiti taa. Pakpakaɣ ɖom, puwavɩɖɩ ne ɛ mantɩ nɛ irisi hɛtʊ nɛ panaŋgʊ lɔɔbɩɩ nɛ posuu nabʊyʊ taa nɛ petikina pe-kela yɔɔ. Pafakaɣ ɖɔɖɔ tɩŋ nɩɩyɛ lɩɩɩ lɩɩɩ nɛ pɔtɔkɩ nɛ petiki pe-kela yɔɔ ezɩ ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ pʊwɛʊ Afrika ajɛya naayɛ taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ XVII taa kɛ mbʊ yɔ, pakpakaɣ ɛyʊ hɩm yaa tɛtɛ kpɩna hɩm pasɩʊ-pʊ pɩñɩŋgʊ nɛ petiki kela yɔɔ nɛ soloŋga. Hɩm mbʊ pʊkʊʊ kela tɛɛ tɔɔya nɛ pʊhʊlʊsʊ kela camɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Deɖe nɛ sɔnɔ pɩtatasɩ kɛʊ kɛ mbʊ. Kela mʊtʊ yaa fɔɔfɔɔ lɩwa.
Yʋsʋyʋ maalɛɣzɩɣ
Fransɩɩ kʋnʋŋ taa lɛ, mbʋ payaɣ se yʋsʋyʋ maalɛɣzɩɣ yɔ, pɩkɛ tɔmpiye naɖɩyɛ pɩlɩʋ. Pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩkɛ ɖɔɖɔ tɔmpiye hɔɔlaɣ nakɛyɛ. Tɔmpiye hɔɔlaɣ ŋga pɔsɔzʋʋ lakaɣ yɔɔ yaa kɩyʋsʋnaʋ yɔɔ nɛ pɩlɛɣzɩ-wɛ tɔbʋʋ nɩʋ. Papɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ pɔsɔzɩ tɔmpiye hɔɔlaɣ ɖɔɖɔ yʋsʋyʋ maalɛɣzɩɣ yɔɔ nɛ pɩwɩlɩ yʋsʋyʋ maalɛɣzɩɣ ɛnʋ ɛ-tɔbʋʋ nɩʋ.
Yʋsʋyaa maalɛɣzɩɣwaa taa nabɛyɛ kɔyɔ : lɛɛlɛɛ (Ali ɖɔŋ lɛɛlɛɛ ), ɖɛfɛɛ (ɛlakɩ tʋmɩyɛ ɖɛfɛɛ ), tɛmm (Kpacaa ɖɔŋ tɛmm ), hɛɛɛ (sɔnɔ me-neze maɣzɩ lɩʋ hɛɛɛ) …
Yʋsʋyʋ maalɛɣzɩɣ pɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ ɛkɛna lɩmaɣzɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ tɛzɩyʋ. Ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ tɔmloyaɣ tɛzɩyʋ yaa hɩɖɛ tɛzɩyʋ. Ɖɩkpaɣ tɔmloyaɣ kanɛ fransɩɩ kʋnʋŋ taa nɛ ɖɩna : « Ñɔɔsɩ wɩwaɣ-ɩ siŋŋ, ɛlɛ, pizaɖeɣmaɣ, ewoŋaɣ. » Tɔmpiye « pizaɖeɣmaɣ » kɛ yʋsʋyʋ fransɩɩ kʋnʋŋ taa.
Tɔmpiye pizaɖeɣmaɣ fɛyɩ kabɩyɛ kʋnʋŋ taa. Yee pɛɖɛzɩɣ tɔmloyaɣ ŋga nɛ kabɩyɛ taa kɔyɔ, pɔtɔŋ se : « Ñɔɔzɩ wɩɣwaɣ-ɩ siŋŋ, ɛlɛ, pɩɖɩɣzɩ ɛyaa se ewoŋaɣ. » Yee mbʋ, tɔmloyaɣ kanɛ, ka-taa tɔmpiye naɖɩyɛ tɛkɛ yʋsʋyʋ tɔmpiye.
Tɔmpiy hɔɔlaɣ « ɛɛɛ » fɛyɩ yʋsʋyaa taa. Tɔmpiye « aayɩ » ɖɔɖɔ fɛyɩ yʋsʋyaa taa. Tɔmpiye « paa pɩɩkɩlɩ we yaa « pʋtɔma » fɛyɩ ɖɔɖɔ yʋsʋyaa taa. Tɔmpe wena ɖɩya-yɛ mbʋ nɛ ɖɩtɔŋ se afɛyɩ yʋsʋyaa taa yɔ, akɛ yʋsʋyaa modalisatɛɛrɩwaa.
Yʋsʋyaa ɛɛlɛɣzɩ kaʋ. Yʋsʋyaa kɛŋna tɔmpiye tɛ piye. Ɖɩkpaɣ tɔmloyaɣ kanɛ nɛ ɖɩna : « Kolu talɩ ñɩɣyʋʋ ŋkʋ kʋ-yɔɔ ɛɖʋwa se ɛtalɩɣ yɔ. »
Pɩɣa
Ɛlɛ pɩtɛkɛ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ pɩlɩŋ tɩŋga taa kɛ pɔyɔɔdʊ pɩɣa tɔm kɛ mbʊ yaa kɩmaŋ. Nabʊyʊ taa lɛ pitu paazʊ lʊlʊʊ evemiye wiye pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna kapaaza yɔɔdʊ pɩtalɩ se kɛkɛ pɩɣa eveleɣa. Yaa ɖɔɖɔ pɩpaazʊna pɩcatʊ pɩsɩɩna se ɛtala ɛ-waɖɛ tʊmɩyɛ labʊ. Pɩnzɩ nzɩ sɩsɩ ñɛwɛ ndɩ ndɩ paa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ lɛ ɖɩ-taa. Mbʊ mbʊ pɩɣa lakɩ yɔ pɩlɩɣna ka-ñɩma nɛ mba pɛwɛ kɔcɔlɔ nɛ pata yɔ nɛ pazɩ pazɩ lɛ kapaɣlɩna lɔŋ ɩnʊ. Pɩocatʊ kɛna alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pɛkpɛlɛkʊ pɩɣa lɔŋ yɔ.
Pʊyɔɔ lɛ pɩkɛna kɩjɛyʊ se pataala pɩɣa tɛ lɔnsɩnɖɛ nɛ ŋjɛgbɛlɩ yaa aleɣya. Ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ pɩkɛna kɩjɛyʊ se paa weyi lɛ ewona ɛ-pɩɣa sukuli ɛlɛ ppɩtɛkɛ pɩtɩŋga pɛkpɛndʊ kpɛm nɛ pawɩlɩ pɩya. Pɩya tɛ sukuli wɛna kɩ-ndɩ nɛ sɔsaa ñɩŋgʊ. Sukuli ñɛkɛna ɖɔnɛ nɖɩ ɛyʊ tɩŋʊna nɛ ɛsɔzʊ yaa ɛhaɣ lɔŋ, lɛɛtʊ yaa tɩlɩtʊ, ɛsɩnda wobʊ, waɖɛ yaa ɖoŋ se pɔñɔɔzɩna pɩɣa nɛ kaakɔɔ kapaɣlɩ nɛ kala ɛyʊ yɔ. Ajɛya naayɛ taa, pɩkɩlɩna Afrika ajɛya nɛ Azii ñɩna taa, paawokina piya sakɩyɛ kɛ sukuli yaa ɛzɩ powokina-wɛ lɛ, palabɩ-kʊ ñɩɩɩ yem nɛ peyele.
Keteŋa kpeekpe ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩcɔŋna piya nɛ sɩ-ɛsɩnda wobu nɛpayaɣ-ɖɩ se UNICEF yɔ, ɖɩtɔŋ se pɩnaɣ 2011 taa pɩya nzi potowona sukuli yɔ sɩkpɛnda ɛkpɔŋ 57 piyele Afrika taa lɛ pɩyaɛzɩ nɛɛlɛ kɛ mɔinɩʊ yɔɔ tatɩɩɖʊʊ naŋgbaŋgaɣ kɛ sukuli taa yaa palɩwa pataatɩɩtɛm kɔɔnaɣ sukuli. ONU ñanaa se keteŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ lɛ, yoŋ lakɩ nɛ piya nzi sɩɩtasʊ wobu sukuli yɔ sɩkpɛnda ɛkpɔŋ 28. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ sɔɔndʊ wɛ paanɩ nɛ piya mɩlɩm sɩ-kʊzʊ kɛ sukulinaa taa. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ kʊñɔndʊtʊ, piya tʊma ɖoŋ ñɩna ɖʊʊ yaa samaɣ maɣmaɣ ɖɔnɛ piya cɔlɔ ɛɛhaɣ-wɛ nɔmɔʊ se siwolo sukuli.
Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ
Tɛtʊ putuuɖe wɛna hɔɔlɩŋ nɩnza: wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ, hayʊ kiŋ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ. Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ pama ɛsɛ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ. Hɔɔlʊʊ sɔsɔʊ kʊnɛ kɩwɛ ɖenɖe wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ wɛɛ yɔ ɖeyi ɖeyi. Patasɩɣ-kʊ ya ɖɔɖɔ se wɩsɩ ɖɩnayɛ. Aŋgilisi kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ kɛ payaɣ se tɛbɩyɛ nɛ pɩ-lɩmazɩyɛ wobina Kɩrɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ tɔm yɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ payaɣ se kalɩmakoye yɔ. Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ wɛ ɖoli kʊɖʊm ɛlɛ paanɩ ɛnaɣ loniye ɖɩnɛ pɩlɩɩna ɖenɖe ɛwɛɛ yɔ.
Pʊyɔɔ yee palɩza tɛtʊ natʊyʊ kɛ takayaɣ hayʊ yɔ kɔyɔ, wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ pɩzʊ pɩwɛ ndɩ. Pʊyɔɔ kɛ ɛyʊ ɛcɔŋna Saapɔŋ kɛ takayaɣ hayʊʊ yɔɔ kɔyɔ, ɛnaɣ se Amerika tɛtʊ yeba tɩwɛɛna wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kiŋ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ tɛtʊ yaa loniye naɖɩyɛ ɛtɩɩwɛn lɛɛɖɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ, payaɣ-ɖɩ se wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ yaa loniye. Erɔpʊ tɛtʊ taa lɛ, tɔm piye ɖɩnɛ panɩɩzʊna-ɖɩ lona wena awɛ tɛtʊ tʊʊzʊʊ wɛtʊ taa yɔ, caanaʊ taa tɔm yaa ɖɔdɖɔ ɛsakuliye naɖɩyɛ tɔm ɛzɩ ajɛya wena awɛna Turikii yaa Saapɔŋ yɔ.
Aliwaatʊ ndʊ keteŋga kpeekpe you tɛma nɛ pɩkazɩna tɛŋtɛŋga tɛɛ ñɩŋgʊ lɛ, pɔyɔɔdʊʊ ajɛya wena awɛna awɛna wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ kɔyɔ, pɔyɔɔdʊʊ ajɛya wena awɛna Erɔpʊ hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ taa nɛ wena awɛna wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa yɔ. Pɩɩkɛna ajɛya wena Rusii kpacayaɣ yɔ yaa ɖɔɖɔ wena a-tɔsʊʊ hʊʊ nɛ ɛsɩndaa wobu wɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ ndʊ tɩ-samaɣ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kpɛnda ñɩm kʊɖʊmbʊ yɔɔ yɔ. Ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ lɛɣzɩtʊ kɩfatʊ ndʊ tɩlɛɣzaa yɔ tɩ-yɔɔ lɛ, paatasʊʊ mbʊ tʊʊzʊʊ. Payaɣ yem se Erɔpʊ hɛkʊ taa ajɛya yaa wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ñɩna. Yaa ɖɔɖɔ Palkanɩ ajɛya.
YouTube
Papɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ pala ndɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ fideyinaa mba petiyiɣni ɖama yɔ pɔ-yɔɔ. Lɛlaɣ fenaɣ taa, pɩnaɣ 2005 ñɩŋa taa pama YouTube kpou. Ɖajanaa panɛ : Steve Chen nɛ Chad Hurley nɛ Jawed Karim pamana-kʋ. Ɛyaa naadozo panɛ, paakɛ PayPal pɩlɩʋ taa tʋmlaɖaa kɩbɩma nabɛyɛ.
Aloma fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 2006 ñɩŋa taa Google yaba PayPal pɩlɩʋ. Liidiye dollars waa 1,65 miiliyarɩ kɛ Google hɛyaa nɛ kɩtɩɣyɩ PayPal pɩlɩʋ. San Bruno tɛtʋ taa PayPal pɩlɩʋ taa tʋmɩyɛ wɛɛ. San Bruno tɛtʋ kɛ Californie ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ natʋyʋ.
Pɩnaɣ 2009 taa pɔcɔnaa nɛ pana lɛ, ɛyaa ɛzɩ miiliyɔɔ waa 350 mbʋ yɔ sʋʋ YouTube pɩlɩʋ taa paa fenaɣ ŋga ka-taa. Aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ lutozo ñɩŋʋ (28) wiye, pɩnaɣ 2010 taa, pɔcɔnaa lɛ, ɛyaa mba patamsɩ pa-kpasɩ nɛ YouTube pɩlɩʋ yɔ, patalɩ ɛyaa miiliyarɩ.
Saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 2016 taa pɔcɔnaa lɛ, kpasɩ nzɩ sɩtamsɩnɩ sɩ-tɩ nɛ YouTube pɩlɩʋ yɔ, sɩ-taa payɩ lɛ, PewDiePie kpayaɣ yɔɔ ɛyaa kɩlɩna ɖɔʋ. Salaŋ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 2016 taa, pɔcɔnaa pana lɛ, ɛyaa ɛzɩ miiliyɔɔ waa nɩɩnɩwa (50) yɔ nɛ pɩɖɛɛ pʋ-yɔɔ wɛ PewDiePie kpayaɣ yɔɔ. YouTube pɩlɩʋ taa fideyonaa tɩŋa taa payɩ lɛ, Ɖajaa Wiz nɛ Ɖajaa Charlie Puth pɛ-tɛ fideyoo ŋgʋ payaɣ se See You Again (pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se 'Pɩlabɩ tasɩ' kabɩyɛ taa) yɔ ɛyaa kɩlɩɣ cɔnaʋ.
Pɩnaɣ 2015 taa palɩzɩ See You Again tɛ fideyoo nɛ ɛyaa miiliyarɩ waa 2,9 nɛ pɩɖɛɛ pʋ-yɔɔ cɔŋna fideyoo ŋ́gʋ. Lɛlaɣ fenaɣ, pɩnaɣ 2017 taa YouTube kaɖa kpayɩ se ɛyaa miiliyarɩ cɔŋna fideyinaa paa evemiye nɖɩ.
Veliko Tarnovo
Veliko Tarnovo dwg si Puligari(1185 - 1393).
Pana
Liu tɛɛ tomiye tam yaa hɔyɛ kuluu yaa pana (Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ paɣzɩyɛ, ɖɩlɩna latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa emovere pʊ-tɔbʊʊ ciŋisuu) pɩkɛ ajɔɔla tʊmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ walaa nɛ ɖɩpaɣlɩ ɖɔɖɔ siŋ (ɖɩpaɣzɩ tuda nɛ ɖɩɩɖaɣlʊʊ) pɩlɩna ɛyʊ nɔɔyʊ. Ɛyʊ tɛ lɛ ɛ-lɩmaɣza ciituu taa pɔza ajɔɔla kpɛlɛkʊʊ paɣtʊ, maɣzɩm yɔɔdɩyʊ nɛ maɣzɩm maɣmaɣ.
René Descartes kaakɛna kajalaɣ tʊmɩyɛ laɖʊ pɩlɩna hɔyɛpɩsɩyɛ yɔɔ ɛɛkɛ ɛyʊ yɔɔ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ. Ɛ-kajalaɣ tʊmɩyɛ pɩlɩna ciyam kʊñɔŋ yɔɔ lɛ, Descartes pɩza ɛlɩzɩ laŋmayɛ hɔɔlɩŋ loɖo ɛnʊ yɔ kajalaɣ lɛ, samtʊ, naalɛ lɛ sɔɔlɩm, naatozo pana nananza lɛ cʊɖʊʊ kagbanzɩ taa lɛ leleŋ nɛ loɖo lɛ niikaɣ sʊtʊ nɛ lalaa naa tɩŋa lɩna pɩ-taa lɛɛtʊ naa cɔlɔ.
Hɔpɩsɩyɛ kɛ maɣzɩm taa laɣsɩ nasɩyɛ pɩcɛlɩna wɛtʊ natʊyʊ yɔɔ. Pɩpaɣzɩna ɛyʊ taa nɛ pɩcɔ pɩlɩna awayi pʊ-tɔbʊʊ ɛyʊ lɩmaɣza taa pɩwɛʊ nɛ pɩcɔ ɛla mbʊ ɛlakɩ yɔ. Pɩlɩna nabʊyʊ yɔɔ nɛ ɛyʊ pana seɣ pɩlɩna mbʊ ɛnaɣ ɛsɩndaa yɔ.
Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ tɔmɩŋ sakɩyɛ tɔbɩŋ lɩzɩɣ caʊʊ kaɖɛ piŋ nɛ pɩkɔŋna ntɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ piŋ ñɩnɩyɛ hɛkɩŋ taa yɔ mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ laŋpɩsɩyɛ tɔbʊʊ lɩzɩ labɩ kaɖɛ siŋ.
Tɔsʋʋ lɛɣtʋ
Tɔsʊʊ (Krɛkɩ kɩbɩnʊʊ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, οἰκονομία / oikonomía « tʊma yɔɔ cɔnaʊ hɔʊ taa »), pɩkɛ ɛyʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩpɔza labʊ, tɛyʊʊ, kɩlɛzʊʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ labɩnaʊ. Tɔsʊʊ kɛ tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ tɔsʊʊ lɛɣtʊ tʊma kpɛlɛka ɖɩ-yɔɔ piŋ nɛ ɖɩñɩkɩɣ niye tɔsʊʊ lɩmaɣza yɔɔ, nɛ tɔsʊʊ ɖɔkʊʊ yaa tɩlɩyɛ se pɩsa nɛ palabɩna-ɖɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ.
Kpaɣ pɩnzɩ kudoku tɛ mbʊ yɔ pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesu Krɩstʊ, Sumer ajɛyɛ taa ɛyaa hiɣ tadɩyɛ nɛ tɔsʊʊ piŋ pɩtɩŋna tɛtɛɛ ñɩm pɛdɩɣ yɔɔ. Pakpaɣ Sumer tɛ kajalaɣ paɣtʊ ɛzɩ kajalaɣ tɔsʊʊ takayɩsɩ kɩmamasɩ yɔ, nɛ sɩ-taa peeɖe sakɩyɛ wɛɛ paɖɩnɩɣ-sɩ labɩnaʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ liidiye hɔɔlʊʊ taa ɛzɩ sɔnɔ kɩlɛzʊʊ tadɩyɛ nɔmɔʊ taa liidiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-yɔɔ paɖʊ mɛɛsaɣ tɛɛ masɩ yɔ (kɛzɛɣa ɖo ñŋa).
Ɖajaa Adam Smith cɔlɔ lɛ, ɛyaa tɛ ɖɔʊ yaa huu tɩna ñɩm huu ɖɔɖɔ. Thomas Malthus, ɛlɛ Ɛsɔ tɛ ɖiyiyu weyi ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ kaakɛ ɛsɩŋna kʊñɔndɩnaa ɛ-tɛ egeetiye taa, nɛ kʊñɔŋ kpa-ɩ pɩlɩna ɛzɩma tɔɔnasɩ taala pɩnzɩ 1794 nɛ 1800 alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ. Ɛyʊ ɛnɛ yɔ ɛha ɛsɛ nɛ ɛñɩnɩɣ mbʊ se pɩsɩna-wɛ nɛ pɩɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa, ɛyaa tɛ ɖɔʊ nɛ ñɩm huu. Ɛ-tɛ kajalaɣ takayaɣ ŋga yɔ maɣzɩɣ pɩlɩna samaɣ wɛtʊ yɔɔ, ɛyaa pazɩ pɔsɔɔlɩ piŋ nɛ piseɣti nɛ papazɩ kɩgalʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ Aŋgɩlɩtɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Kpaɣ nɛ pɩnzɩ 1970 nɛ Kenneth Arrow tʊma pɩlɩna ɖeyi ɖeyi wɛtʊ yɔɔ, nɛ pɩnzɩ 2008 nɛ 2010 tɔsʊʊ ñɔɔsɩ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, pʊwɛ ɛzɩ tɩɖanɩ pɩsʊʊ Keynési ñɩndʊ yɔ pɩlɩna ɛzɩma kɩ-ɛyaa sakɩyɛ wɛ FMI ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɖooo pɩnzɩ 1750 nɛ 1850 alɩwaatʊ taa ɛyaa mba paawɛ Erɔpʊ nɛ Amerika ajɛyɛ taa nɛ hayi kiŋ kaawɛ lɛɣtʊ nɛ pɔcɔŋna pɩyakʊʊ nɛ pʊsʊʊ nɛ pɩlʊʊ nɛ pɩsaŋ nɛ patɩlɩɣ ɛzɩma ɖɔʊ nɛ pɩ-tɛ liidiye ɖʊʊ nɛ pɩ-kɛsɛsɩ.
Papɩzɩɣ payaa tɔsʋʋ lɛɣtʋ yem tobi se tɔsʋʋ. Tɔsʋʋ lɛɣtʋ kɛ lɛɣtʋ piliŋa ŋga kañɩnɩɣ yaa kɛkpɛlɛkɩɣ nɛ katɩlɩɣ ɛzɩma tɔsʋʋ ɖɔŋ yɔ.
Ɖajaa John Maynard Keynes ñɩnɩ siŋŋ tɔsʋʋ lɛɣtʋ nʋmɔʋ taa nɛ ɛtɩlɩ se payaʋ se tɔsʋʋ yɔ, pʋwɛ tam naalɛ. Tɔsʋʋ cikpeluu wɛɛ nɛ tɔsʋʋ sɔsɔʋ ñɛwɛɛ. Tɔsʋʋ sɔsɔʋ kpɛlɛkɩɣ tɔsɩŋ sɔsɔŋ ɖɔnɛ.
1921
Pɩnaɣ 1921 kɛ pɩnaɣ 1921 ñɩŋga kɛ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ yɔ. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ taa lɛ, pɩnaɣ 1921 kɛŋna 21 ñɩŋga. Kɛwɛ pɩnzɩ 1920 nɛ 1922 hɛkʋ taa. =1921 taa lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ = Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ sɩnɛ yɔ sɩlaba :
Tɔsʋʋ lɛɣtʋ
Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se kɩkpɛlɛkɩɣ ɛzɩma mbʋ liidiye sɔsɔna sʋʋ nɛ alɩɣ lɩʋ mbʋ yɔ. Kɩkpɛlɛkɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩma tɔsʋʋ sɔsɔʋ hukuu huuu mbʋ yɔ. Kɩkpɛlɛkɩɣ ɛzɩma ɛyaa ɖʋʋ pe-liidiya tɔsɩŋ koozasɩ ndɩ ndɩ taa yɔ.
Piyele tɔsɔɔ cikpeluu ñɛkpɛlɛkɩɣ ɛyaa wɛtʋ tɔsʋʋ lɛɣzʋʋ nʋmɔʋ taa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se kɩkpɛlɛkɩɣ ɛzɩma mbʋ ɛyaa lakɩ yee tɔsʋʋ ɛkpɩlɣ kɩkpɩlʋ yɔ. Kɩkpɛlɛkɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩma palakɩ yee tɔsʋʋ ehukuu kuhuu kɔyɔ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se kɩcɔŋna nɛ kɩnaɣ ɛzɩma mbʋ tadɩyɛ ɖɔŋ, yee ɛjaɖɛ tɔsʋʋ ɛkpɩlɩɣ kɩkpɩlʋʋ kɔyɔ.
Kɩcɔŋna ɖɔɖɔ nɛ kɩnaɣ ɛzɩma mbʋ tadɩyɛ ɖɔŋ, yee ɛjaɖɛ tɔsʋʋ ehukuu huuu yɔɔ kɔyɔ.
Lɛɣtʋ tɔsʋʋ nʋmɔʋ taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, mbʋ payaɣ se lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɔsʋʋ yɔ, pʋwɛɛ nɛ mbʋ payaɣ se labʋ tɔsʋʋ yɔ, pʋbʋ ñɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɔsʋʋ lakɩ lɩmaɣza kɩlabʋ ɛzɩma mbʋ papɩzɩɣ pâla nɛ tɔsʋʋ ɖɛɛna ɛsɩnda yɔ.
Kɩɩlakɩ tʋmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ keekee se tɔsʋʋ ehuu yaa kɩɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa, ɛlɛ, kɩlɩzɩɣ lɩmaɣza kɩbana wena a-yɔɔ patɩŋnaa tɔsʋʋ pɩzɩɣ kɩɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa yɔ. Piyele labʋ tɔsʋʋ ñalakɩ pʋyʋ keekee se tɔsʋʋ ehuu.
Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se labʋ tɔsʋʋ tʋlʋʋ tʋma ndɩ ndɩ nɛ ɛyaa lakɩ-yɛ nɛ liidiye sʋʋ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Kɩla tada ndɩ ndɩ. Kɩlakɩ tɔma sakɩyɛ wena akɔŋna liidiye ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ pɩtɩŋna hɔɔlɩŋ tɩŋa yɔɔ. Pɩkɛ tɔnʋʋ taa alaafɩya nʋmɔʋ taa, yaa sukuli labʋ nʋmɔʋ taa Ɛlɛ, lɩmaɣza tɔsʋʋ lɛɣtʋ yɔɔ kɩtɩŋɩɣna nɛ kɩlakɩ kʋ-tʋma kpeekpe.
Wɛɛkɩtʊ tɔm
Wɛɛkɩtʊ tɔm, pɩkɛ sakɩyɛ taa lɛ, ɛzatʊ lɩmaɣza wena akɔma awɛkɩ mbʊ pɩɩwɛ ɖeu yɔ ɛyaa cɔlɔ. Tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ kutukina piliŋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ kɩwɛɛna tɔbɩŋ nɩtʊ sakɩyɛ. Tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩlɩna lakaɣ wɛkʊʊ cɔlɔ nɛ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ se lɩmaɣza kɩzɩtʊ yaa mɩlɩm tɔm.
Tɔmɩŋ tɔbɩŋ lɩzɩtʊ tɛ lɛ, palaba tɔmpiye nɖɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ se pɛlɛzɩ ɛyaa wɛtʊ papɩsɩ ɛyaa kpaŋ sʊyaa mbʊ pɩɩkɛtɩna samaɣ yɔ, se palabina politiki tɔm yaa paɖʊna lalaa kʊñɔŋ. Sɔnzɩ paɣtʊ tɛ lɛ, wɛɛkɩtʊ tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩpaɣlʊʊ wobu yɔɔ wobu pɩlɩna wɛɛ cɔlɔ, ɛsɔ sɛtʊ aŋgba cɔlɔ nɛ paɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ cɔlɔ nɛ lɩmaɣzɛ lɛɛna naa. Hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa ɖɩnaɣ keekee se pañɩɣ niiye kʊzʊʊ tɔm yɔɔ kɛnɛ.
Nɔɔ taa pɔʋ fuwa abalɩmayaɣ
Kabɩyɛ masɩ kpɛndɩ niidozo nɛ naanza (34). Sɩ-taa lɛ, payaɣ masɩ nasɩyɛ se abalɩmasɩ nɛ lɛɛsɩ se halɩmasɩ. Abalɩmasɩ wɛ tindima ndɩ ndɩ taa pɩlɩɩna nɔɔ taa hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ weyi ɛ-taa payaɣ sɩ-hɩla yɔ.
Ndoma tɛɛ abalɩmasɩ. Nzɩɩ yɔ : b, p nɛ m. Abalɩmasɩ lɛɛsɩ ñɛwɛɛ nɛ payaɣ sɩsɩ se kela yɔɔ abalɩmasɩ. Sɩsɩ yɔ : f nɛ v. Payaɣ lɛɛsɩ ɖɔɖɔ se nɔɔ pɔʋ fuwa taa abalɩmasɩ. Sɩsɩ yɔ : t, d, n, l nɛ ɖ.
Payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ lɛɛsɩ se nɔɔ kolaɣ cɔlɔ abalɩmasɩ. Sɩsɩ yɔ : c, j, ñ nɛ y. Payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ nasɩyɛ se nɔɔ ñalʋʋ tɛɛ cɔlɔ abalɩmasɩ. Sɩsɩ yɔ : k, g nɛ ŋ. Payaɣ abalɩmayaɣ nakɛyɩ se nɔɔ wiluu nɔɔnɔɔ kʋsʋʋ abalɩmayaɣ. Ŋgaa lɛ mayaɣ h. Payaa nasɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ se ndoma tɛɛ nɛ nɔɔ ñalʋʋ tɛɛ cɔlɔ abalɩmasɩ. Sɩsɩ yɔ : kp, gb nɛ w.
Abalɩmasɩ nzɩ, paɖʋ-sɩ huwa ndɩ ndɩ taa pɩlɩɩna ɛzɩma sɩlɩɣ ɛyʋ nɔɔ taa lɩʋ mbʋ yɔ.
Payaɣ abalɩmasɩ huuye naɖɩyɛ se plosifi waa huuye. Masɩ nzɩ, nzɩɩ yɔ : b, p, t, d, ɖ, k, c, j, k, g, kp nɛ gb. Hʋlʋʋ tɛ abalɩmasɩ huuye ñɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɖɩ-taa abalɩmasɩ yɔ : f, v, s, z nɛ h. Mɔɔŋ tɛɛ abalɩmasɩ huuye taa ñɩnzɩ yɔ : m, n, ñ nɛ ŋ. Liu tɛɛ abalɩmasɩ huuye ñɛwɛɛ. Ɖɩɖɩ taa ñɩnzɩ yɔ : l, y, w nɛ r. Nnsʋlʋmɩyɛ kpɛnzɩ yɔɔ abalɩmayaɣ kɔyɔ mayaɣ.
Hɔɔyɛ taa piye tɛɛ kɛgbɛdɛsaɣ
Hɔɔyɛ taa piye tɛɛ kɛna kɛgbɛdɛsaɣ ŋga kapɩzʊ katalɩ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛyʊ ɛɛɖaŋʊ yɔ. Kɛgbɛdɛsaɣ ŋga kapɩzʊ kala ɖenɖe ñɩɩtʊ sɔɔsɔɔ ñɩnʊ sɔsɔm wɛɛ yɔ yaaɖenɖe paɖɩɣna nazɩyʊpee tʊmɩyɛ labʊ yɔ. Kapɩzʊ katalɩ ɖenɖe paɖɩɩna ñɩɩtʊ kpagbaba ñɩndʊ kɛ tɩzʊ yɔ yaa ɖɔɖɔ ɖenɖe paɖɩɩna ñalʊ yaa catʊ ñɩɣtʊ ndʊ tɩpɩzʊ tɩmʊ mɩŋ yɛm yɔ.
Tʊma wena a-taa pɔtɔʊ cɛnzɩ yaa cɛkasɩ yɔ, peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ kɛ hɔɔyɛ taa piye tɛɛ kɛgbɛdasɩ kɩlɩʊ labʊ. Hɔɔyɛ taa piye tɛɛ kɛgbɛdɛsaɣ kɛnɛ kapɩzʊ kala ɖɔɖɔ ɖenɖe pasɩʊ hɔzɩŋ yaa malɩfanaa yɔ ɛzɩ sɔɔjanaa pɩlɩŋ taa.
Kɛwɛ paalepɩkɩlɩna: ɖakʊtanaa taa, hɔɔyɛ taa pee ɖɩñɩnɩyɛ yaa ɖɔɖɔ sanzɩ nɛ kaɖazɩm ɖi-huyiye nɛ ɖɩ-ɖɩpɛdɩyɛ. Hɔɔyɛ taa piye tɛɛ kɛgbɛdɛsaɣ kɛnɛ kapɩzʊ nɛ kala lɩm tɛɛ yaa ñɩɩtʊ ndʊ tɩkpakʊ ɛsɔdaa lɔɔɖa yɔ tiɖeɖe. Ñɩɩtʊ ndʊ tɩyɔkʊʊ lɩm sɔsɔm taa ɖom pe sɔsɔna yɔ.
Hɔɔyɛ taa piye tɛɛ kɛgbɛdɛsasɩ nzɩ, papɩzʊ paɖɩʊ-sɩ kaʊ ɛlɛ pɩwɛɛ se patɩlɩ camɩyɛ ñɩɩtʊ ndʊ tɩ-tɛ hɔ taa pe paɖɩɩna tʊmɩyɛ kɛ labɩunaʊ yɔ. Pɩwɛɛ se pʊcɔ nɛ pesɩu tʊmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ ɖɩlaɖɛ ɛlɛ, pañɩnɩ mbʊ paapɩzɩ nɛ pala nɛ kɛgbɛdɛsaɣ nakayɩ ɛtaala yɔ yya mbʊ pakpana kpɛdɛɛ taa nɛ paɖɩʊ-kɛ kaʊ yɔ nɛ palʊbɩna-kɛ lɔŋ lɔŋ yɔ.
Ɖomba mʋlʋm
Ɖomba mʋlʋm kɛna kɔɔnaɣ taa tomnaɣ wɛɖʋ wonu. Wonu ŋgʋ, kɩkɛ kiɖi kiɖi ɛsɔkaɣ wonu. Ɖomba mʋlʋm kɛ wonu ŋgʋ kɩ-tɩŋɛ payɩ lɛ, kɩkɛ lɩm paɣyɛ yɔ. Pɩtɛ wonu ŋgʋ, kiniida ɖɩŋ dɩŋ nɛ kɩ-taa nɛ heɣlim. Ɖomba mʋlʋm pʋnɛ pʋwɛ kristalɩ tɩyɛ.
Ɖomba ana, pekpeɣla-yɛ payɩ nɛ akpɛndɩ awɛ ɖomba amaya kpou taa. A-kpou ŋgʋ payaɣ size flokɔɔ. Ɖomba ana alɛɣzʋ paa alɩwaatʋ ndʋ lɛ kɛ n̄em. Afɛyɩna wɛɖʋ kʋɖʋmʋ kɛnɛ. Ɛyʋ ɛcɔna camɩyɛ kɔyɔ, ŋna size ɖomba mʋlʋm mbʋ, pʋwɛ ɛzɩ-ɩ nabʋyʋ piye yɔ.
Wɛtʋ tʋnɛ pɔcɔnaa nɛ paya hɩla anɛ yɔ : ɖomba pe n̄ɩna, nɛ ɖomba kuluŋgulu yaa putuula n̄ɩna. Lɩm soŋgaɣ n̄ɩɣdʋʋ ɖoŋ yekina nɛ ɖomba hɔkʋʋ a-tɩ nɛ pɩpɩsɩɣ ɖomba kɛ kideŋ yaa pʋʋ yɔ. Ɛlɛ, ɖomba ana, a-wɛtʋ nɛ heɣlim palakɩna nɛ a-tɔlʋʋ pazɩ pazɩ kɛ tɛtʋ lɛɣ lɛɣ. Ɖomba payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ sise na krezili.
Ɖomba mʋlʋm wɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɖoluu tɩyɛ. Lɩm mbʋ, pɩcakɩ ɖɔɖɔ tɩŋ nɛ kuduyuŋ pɔ-yɔɔ. Ɖomba ana, awɛ Kpɛzɛlɛɛ tɩyɛ. Paa ɖombiye mʋlʋm mbʋ lɛ, pɩkɛ wonu naalɛ pʋyʋ.
Alan Paton
Palʊla Stewart Alan Paton kɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 11 pɩnaɣ 1903 kɛ Natal tɛtʊ taa, ɖenɖe payaɣ sɔnɔ taa se Kwazulu-Natal yɔ, nɛ tɩwɛ Afrika Hadɛ Kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛsɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ 12 wiye pɩnaɣ 1988 ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 85. Ɛ-tɛ sukuli labʊ taa lɛ, ɛkpɛlɛka keteŋga yɔɔ mbʊ pɩwɛɛ yɔ pɩ-lɛɣtʊ ñɩnʊʊ kɛ sukuli kɩtɛzʊ sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Natal yɔ kɩ-taa. Ɛsɔsɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛwɛɛ yɔ nɖɩ payaɣ se Anglikaanii piyele nɛ politiki ŋgʊ kɩ-taa ɛlʊkaɣ yɔɔ kʊkʊ lɛ Afrika hadɛ kiŋ.
Ɛ-caanaa lɩna ɖooo ɖooo Aŋgilisi mba mba paawɛ Afrika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ peeɖe nɛ pakpacayʊ-wɛ yɔ. Sukuli kɩtɛzʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa kɛ ɛmʊ ɛ-ɖamɩŋ naatozo takayaɣ pɩlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa pawɩlʊ keteŋga yɔɔ mbʊ pɩwɛɛ yɔ pɩ-lɛɣtʊ ñɩnʊʊ yɔ. Sukuli kɩtɛzʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ ɛmʊ sukuli wɩlʊ takayaɣ. Kpaagbaa mbʊ lɛ ɛpaɣzɩ sukuli wɩlʊ kɛ hɛkʊ taa sukuli taa nɛ pɩnzɩ 1935 nɛ 1948 lɛ ɛpɩsɩ hɛkʊ taa sukuli ñʊʊdʊ kɛ pɩlɩʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa pɔcɔŋna pɩya nzɩ nsɩ-ñʊndaa kpa ɖoŋ nɛ sɩɩsʊʊ ɖɩsɩ yɔ kɩ-taa. Pɩlɩʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa kpalɩtʊ yaa paɣtʊ kaawɛ ɖoŋ kamaɣ fɛyɩ ɛlɛ ɛcɛyɩ ɛ-tɩ nɛ ɛpasɩ natʊyʊ pazɩ nɛ pʊkɔɔ pɩtalɩ se pɔɔ ɖɔnɛ taa ɛwɛ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ, kapɩzʊ kasʊlɩmɩ nʊmɔʊ nɛ kala tʊmɩyɛ ɖɩ kamaɣmaɣ kɔsɔɔlaa yɔ, paa peeɖe yaa paa ka-ñɩma tɛɛ yɔ ɛlɛ pɩya yɔɔ cɔnɩya ɛsɩyɛ wɛʊ kɔ-yɔɔ kpam.
Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ keteŋga kpeekpe kaakʊyʊ ɖama yɔɔ nɛ hɔzɩŋ yaa malɩfanaa kɛ nabʊlɛ taa lɛ, Alan Paton ɖɔɖɔ kpaɣ ɛ-hɔzʊʊ nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ you. Piteleɖi lɛ eyele nɛ ɛtɛzɩ ɖɛʊ ajɛya lɛɛna taa se ɛtazɩ kpɛlɛkʊ camɩyɛ ɛzɩma pamʊ pɩya nzɩ sɩ-ñʊŋ taa wɛ ɖoŋ yɔ sɩ-yɔɔ cɔnaʊ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ ewolo Erɔpʊ nɛ Etaazunii. Nɔrvɛɛzɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛtala nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ ɛ-kacalaɣ takayaɣ maʊ nɛ ɛyaa-kɛ se: Wii, ɛjaɖɛ kumʊyɩsɩyɛ (Pleure, ô pays bien-aimé). Pɩsɩŋga nɛ ɛpɩsɩ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, ɛtʊlɩ politiki ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlʊkɩ se Afrika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛwɛɛ kɩ-tɩyɔɔ yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 1968 taa ɖeke lɛ paɖɩzɩ-ɖɩ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɩɩkɛna alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Apartheid paazaɣ ñɔʊ yɔ nɛ pɩtaaha haɖɛ kɛ politiki ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ se ɖɩñɔ. Alan Stewart Paton ma takayɩsɩ nɛ ɛla tʊma wena yɔ aɖɔɔ.
Grand Kallé
Joseph Athanase Kabasele Tshamala na wɩsɩ kɛ saŋgayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 16 wiye pɩnaɣ 1930 kɛ Matadi tɛtʊ taa, Koŋgo ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛsɩ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 11 wiye pɩnaɣ 1983 kɛ Paarii tɛtʊ, Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 53. Pepema-ɩ Kombe naŋ yɔɔ kɛ Kinsasa tɛtʊ taa. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ nɖɩ pakɩla-ɩ sɩmnaʊ yɔ, nɖɩ lɛ Le Grand Kallé.
Ɛkɛna Koŋgo ɛjaɖɛ taa weyi pakpaɣ ɛzɩ etu wendu kɩfatʊ yɔ. Hendu aŋgba wena a-taa Joseph Athanase Kabasele Tshamala wɩlɩ ɛ-calɩm taa camɩyɛ yɔ, a-taa kɔyɔ: rumba africaine nɛ cha-cha-cha, Grand Kallé nɛ African Jazz. Hendu teya sɔsaa nabɩyɛ kaawɛ African Jazz  taa pa-taa kɔyɔ Pepe Kalle, Tabu Ley Rochereau nɛ Caama taa tʊ weyi payaɣ se Manu Dibango yɔ.
Pɩnaɣ 1960 taa kɛ Grand Kallé luba ɛmaɣmaɣ e-hendu teu kɩfatʊ nɛ payɛ kɩfaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Lɛɣzʊʊ kɩfam pʊnɛ pɩzɩna Franco Luambo tɛ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se TP OK Jazz yɔ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ palɩzɩɣʊ hendu teu kanahaŋ kɩlɛmɩŋ camɩyɛ nɛ pɩsaŋ pɛpɛdɩɣ tuuɖe ajɛya taa.
Kpɩnɛ laɣsɩ
Kpɩnɛ laɣsɩ pɩkɛ kɩɖɛzɩtʊ pɩyʊ yaa mbʊ palɩʊlɩna ɛyʊ, nɛ laɣsɩ kpeekpe wɛɛ ɛzɩ kpɩnɛ lakʊ yɔ. Tɩwɛ paa kpɩnɛ nɖɩ lɛ, ɖɩ-cɔlɔ nɛ paa nɖɩ lɛ nɛ ɖɩ-lakasɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Tɩ-kpɛlɛkɩtʊ pɔzɩ lɛɣtʊ sakɩyɛ. Ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ kpɩnɛ wezuu kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɔm (kpɩnɛ ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɛ tomnasi liɖe ñɩnʊʊ), maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ, kpaŋ kʊdɔmɩŋ kpɛlɛkʊʊ, ɛyʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɛ ɛyʊ yɔɔ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ.
Ɖɩlɩzɩ kpɩnɛ laɣsɩ tɔbʊʊ, pɩlɩna ɛzɩma sakɩyɛ taa palakɩ tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ yɔ, laɣsɩ nasɩyɛ wɛɛ ɛyʊ taa nɛ sɩkɛ ɖooo kiɖe tɛɛ wɛtʊ e-tomnaɣ taa. Kpɩnɛ laɣsɩ tɛ tɔbʊʊ se ɖooo kiɖe tɛɛ, pɩcɔ lɩzɩɣ kɛlɛ ɛ nɛ mbʊ pɛkpɛlɛkʊʊ yaa pɔsɔzʊʊ yɔ palʊkɩna ɖama ɛyʊ cɔlɔ.
Lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ kɛlɛ se pañɩnɩ nɛ patɩlɩ kpɩnɛ wɛtʊ ɖɩ-lone taa, kiɖe tɛɛ tʊma ana Konrad Lorenz pɩnzɩ 1903 ŋtalɩ 1989, Nikolaas Tinbergen pɩnzɩ 1907 ŋtalɩ 1988 nɛ Karl von Friesch pɩnzɩ 1886 ŋtalɩ 1982 ɛyaa pa nɛ palabɩna tʊma ana kɛ kpaɣɖʊ 20 hɔɔlʊʊ kajalaɣ ŋgʊ taa. Patɩŋga pɛkpɛndɩ mʊʊ Nobel liidiye kɩhɛyʊʊ pɩlɩna ajɔɔla tʊmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1973.
Pɩkɛ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɖɩnɩɩ se paɖʊ-tʊ tɔm ndʊ ɛyʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ taa yɔ kɛ tɩgbayɩŋ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ tɔm, palaba tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ kɛ kpaɖʊ 20 hɛkʊ hɔɔlʊʊ naalɛ ŋgʊ taa pɩtɩŋna pʊ-tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa pa nɛ yɔ pɔ-yɔɔ Louis Leakey (1903-1972), Jane Goodall (palʊla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1934), Dian Fossey (1932-1985), Desmond Morris4 (palʊla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1928) nɛ Birutė Galdikas (palʊla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1946).
Milgram lɛɣtʊ tɔm
Pɩnaɣ yaa alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa palaba maɣzɩm kaawɛ kɩjɛyɩɣ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɩkɔma nɛ ɛsɩndaa lɛ kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1967 nɛ 1968 lɛ, natʊyʊ ñalɩna hɔɔlʊʊ mbʊ ɛyaa ɛkpa pa-tɩ nɛ kaɖɩsɩ nzɩ. Nɔmɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa mbʊ pehiwa yɔ kɔna kɔkɔɖɛ piŋ ɛyaa cɔlɔ, paɣtʊ ndʊ paakpana ñɔkɔna ntɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ piŋ nɛ yɔɔdɩtʊ ndɩ ndɩ kɛ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkɩyaa nɛ ɛyʊ yɔɔ lɩmaɣza labʊ lɛɣtʊ tɩnaa sakɩyɛ.
Yale sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ New Haven taa yɔ yɔɔdaɣ takayaɣ kusuzaɣ nakayɛ taa mbʊ se peliu wɛɛ pehiɣ lɔŋ pɩlɩna tʊmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ yɔɔ. Pɩ-tɛ nesi ɖʊʊ mbʊ kpakaɣ alɩwaatʊ ɛzɩ cɛjɛyaɣ kʊyʊmaɣ mbʊ yɔ kɛlɛ nɛ pɩpɔzʊʊ se pɛhɛyɩ pɩ-tɛ kɩhɛyʊʊ kɛ tɔɔlaarɩ waa 4, nɛ pɩsɔzɩ 0,5 cts nɔmɔʊ ɖɔnɛ yɔɔ, pɩ-tɛ wɛɛ pɩɩpɩsa kɩhɛyʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ piŋ, kɛlɛ kpɩtaʊ taa kɩhɛyʊʊ pɩnaɣ 1960 pɩsɩ tɔɔlaarɩ waa nɛɛlɛ nɛ kagbanzɩ.
Maɣzɩm taa tazʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ
Lɩmaɣza naayɛ yaa laɣsɩ nasɩyɛ kɛ mbʊ pɩtɛkɛ ɛyʊ sɔɔlɩm cɔlɔ yɔ yaa sɩcaɣ cɩkpɛndʊʊ ɛzɩ ɖɩkpaɣ ɖoza, yiduu nabʊyʊ yaa natʊyʊ naa ndʊ tɩɩmʊna ɛyʊ yɔ, yaa mbʊ pɩtalɩna ɛyʊ maɣzɩm maɣmaɣ cɔlɔ ɛzɩ ñʊʊ cɔʊʊ kʊdɔŋ mbʊ yɔ.
Milgram lɛɣtʊ tɔm
Agbelenaa sakɩyɛ kaalɩwa ɛlɛ sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ kʊyʊmʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa palaba tʊmɩyɛ Yale. Ɛyaa mba paawɛ pɩ-taa kaakɛ halaa nɛ abalaa mba pa-pɩnzɩ kaasɩna nɛɛlɛ nɛ nɩnɩwa yɔ pe-kpeekpe nɛ pɩkɛ paa anɩ ŋlaba sukuli yaa ŋtala. Tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩɩpɔza ɛyaa naatozo, Kajalaɣ lɛ sukuli pɩɣa, ɛnʊ pʊmʊna se ɛkpɛlɛkɩ nɛ ɛɖɔkɩ tɔm ɛ-ñʊʊ taa. Naalɛ lɛ wɩlɩyʊ ɛnʊ yaɣna tɔmpee sukuli pɩɣa nɛ ewelesiɣ kɛ-tɛ cosuu cɔlɔ, naatozo tʊ kɛlɛ lɛɣtʊ tʊ ɛnʊ lɛɛzɩna kaɖɩka lone taa, esuu tokona waaa kɩwɛ kpʊzɩyɛɛ.
Hɔlɩmɩyɔm
Hɔlɩmɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 67 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Ho. Ɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ weyi ɛwɛ kɛtɛɖaɣ tɛtʊ naa taa yɔ. Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ lantanɩdɩ waa lalaa yɔ, ɛwɛ cʊndʊlʊm, ɛwɛɛ manɩɩ kɛlɛ ɛmʊ kalɩkɔdaɣ hɛɛɛ helim mbʊ pɩwɩlɩɣ ɛyʊ mɔɔŋ tɛɛ yɔ pɩ-taa nɛ ɛmʊ-kɛ lɔŋ lɔŋ niikaɣ helim taa. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ lɩna latɛŋ cɔlɔ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ palɩzɩ kajalaɣ tɔmʊʊ kɛ pɛ-tɛ egeetiye hɩɖɛ yɔɔ yɔ, Stockholm, pɩkɛ weyi ɛna-ɩ ɛ-tɛtʊ hɩɖɛ, ɛyʊ ɛlɛ yɔ Per Thodor Clev. Pɩnaɣ 1789, kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ ɛlɛ ñɛkɛ Fɛɛlandɩ ɛjaɖɛ tʊ Johan Gadolin lɩzɩ ɔkɩsɩdɩ kɩfalʊʊ (yaa tɛtʊ) kɛ Ytterbite cɛbɩyaɣ nakayɛ taa (ɛtasɩ-ɩ yaʊ se katɔlɩnɩtɩ pɩlɩna ɛ-hɩɖɛ yɔɔ). Ɛwaɣa kɩfala ŋga paatɛma-kɛ naʊ ɖooo pɩnzɩ naalɛ hoo hoo pɩtɩŋna Carl Axel Arrhenius yɔɔ pɩñɔtɩna Ytterby haɖaa tɛtʊ kɛ Sʊyɛdɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛ-tʊma ana petisi a-yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1797 pɩtɩŋna Anders Gustaf Ekeberg, ɛnʊ weyi ɛɖanɩɣ yaʊ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ se yttria.
Maɣzɩm taa tazʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ
Yee ɛzɩ Roger Perron wɩlɩɣ yɔ, yee maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ wɛʊ yɔ paapɩzɩɣ se patʊɣʊ-tʊ nɛ tɩ-kiɖe ɖʊyʊ weyi paya-ɩ se Sigmund Freud, ɛnʊ weyi ɛkɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ, hola kʊdɔmɩŋ yɔɔ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ nɛ maɣzɩm taa tazʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ kɛ Otirisi ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ, pɩwɛʊ kaɖɛ se patɩlɩ tɩupazɩtʊ alɩwaatʊ kɛlɛ pehiɣ natʊyʊ naa ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 1881-1882 lɛ Josef Breuer nɛ Anna O., pɩnaɣ 1885 lɛ pɩɩkɛ Freud pɩnaɣ kɩkpɛlɛkaɣ kɛ Jean-Martin Charcot, pɩnzɩ 1893-1896 lɛ pañɩnaɣ hola yɔɔ tɔm nɛ ñʊʊ taa cɔtʊ tɔm (1895).
Hɔlɩmɩyɔm
Pɩñɔtɩna kpaɣɖʊ hɔɔlʊʊ mbilim lɛ, Sʊyɛdɩ tʊ Carl Gustav Mosander pɩzɩ ɛlɩzɩ pʊtʊnaa naatozo ndɩ ndɩ pɩtɩŋna Yttria yɔɔ ɛlɛ ɛpɩzɩ tʊmɩyɛ pɩtɩŋna ɖɔmbɩyɛ pɩsʊʊ kɩmaŋ tɛyʊʊ yɔɔ. Ɛkpaɣ lɩmaɣza mbʊ nɛ ɛsɩɩ hɩɖɛ se yttria kɛ hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩtɛsɛɛ yɔ (ɩtrɩyɔm keeke kɛlɛ) nɛ ɛyaa sʊtʊ lɩm sɛmɩŋ hɔɔlʊʊ se erbia nɛ ɛya kɩsɛcɛzʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ se terbia, ɛlɛ paa ɛzɩmta ɛmaɣzɩna Ytterby haɖaa tɛtʊ hɩɖɛ.
Maɣzɩm taa tazʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ
Maɣzɩm taa takʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ pazɩtʊ alɩwaatʊ lɛ, pʊ-tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa kɩfama mba paakɛ Sigmund Freud piyaa yɔ pa-taa kɔyɔ Carl Gustav Jung yaa Sándor Ferenczi kajalaɣ kpaɣɖʊ kɛlɛ, yaa Melanie Klein kpaɣɖʊ naalɛ ñɩŋʊ palɩzɩ lɩmaɣza naayɛ nɛ pakʊna Freud tɔm. Pɩkɔma pɩnzɩ 1930 lɛ, maɣzɩm taa tazʊʊ tɩnaa sakɩyɛ mba paakɛ Yuda pekizi Nuremberg tʊma labʊ, kɛlɛ papazɩ-wɛ ñaŋasɩɣ, kɛlɛ pakʊyɩ Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ Otirisi hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩɩkɛ Caama ñɩŋʊ taa yaa ɖɔɖɔ Hongrii nɛ Pɔlɔñɩ ajɛyɛ taa nɛ powolo pacaɣ Erɔpʊ ajɛyɛ lɛɛna taa nɛ Etaazuunii ajɛyɛ taa.
Hɔlɩmɩyɔm
Soret cɔŋɩna Cleve tɛ mʊntʊsʊʊ weluu ŋgʊ ɛlabɩna hɔlɩmɩyɔm yɔ nɛ ɛna se kɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ ɛ-ñɩŋʊ (tɛtʊ X), ɛlɛ etisi pɩnaɣ 1880 hɩɖɛ nɖɩ Sʊyɛdɩ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ kaaya yɔ. Pɩwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ se fɩlɩpɩyɔm Delafontaine tɛ ñɩŋʊ wɛʊ yɔ kɩkɛ ɖɔɖɔ hɔlɩmɩyɔm tɛ pɩyʊ kɛlɛ pɛhɛyɩ liidiye lɛɣtʊ tɩnaa pa-naatozo pɩtɩŋna ɛzɩma pana pʊtʊ ɛnʊ yɔ.
Ski
Ski kɛ aleɣya wena ɛyʋ tuu ɖombe naataŋgbala yɔɔ kutuu yɔ. Naataŋgbala wena etuu a-yɔɔ yɔ, a-tɛɛ nɛ ketu pɔpɔɖɛ lʋʋ lʋʋ nɛ pɩmakɩɣna weyi ɛlakɩ-yɛ nɛ aleɣya yɔ ɛ-nataŋ ɖalakɩŋ. Ɖooo lɔŋ pasɩma aleɣya anɛ yɔ a-labʋ.
Pɩtɛkɛ paa le palakɩ aleɣya anɛ yɔ. Papazɩ aleɣya anɛ yɔ labʋ anasaayɩ waa tɛ kiŋ pʋŋ n̄ɔŋ taa kpaɖʋʋ 19 n̄ɩŋgʋ taa ɖomba ɖɩwɛyɛ ɖɩwɛyɛ. Nɛ pʋpɔzʋʋ se lɩm ɛtɔyɩ lona ana a-taa. Ski amʋʋza anɛ yɔ, papɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ palabɩ-yɛ lona wena wena a-yɔɔ tuu yɔ a-taa nɛ lona ana, awɛ camɩyɛ, yee lɩm yɔɔ pɔtɔŋ se nɔtiki yɔɔ tuu. Pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩkɛ kaaʋ yɔɔ yaa loniye nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ kpilaa se papɩzɩɣ pepilimi ɖɩ-yɔɔ yɔ. Ski amʋʋza anɛ yɔ, papazɩ-yɛ labʋ ɖooo lɔŋ. Pakpaɣ-yɛ ɛzɩ wazaɣ pʋyʋ siŋŋ yɔ ɛyʋ weziu caɣʋ taa. Asɩɣna ɛyʋ size ewolo ɖenɖe ɛsɔɔlaa yɔ, ɛtaaɖɔ kʋɖɔm yaa ɛtaasʋʋ lɔɔɖɩyɛ yaa ɛcaɣ kpokpo. Ɛyʋ weyi etuu mbʋ yɔ, ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛɖɔkɩ pʋyʋ yaa etuu pʋyʋ nɛ ewona ɖoli. Amʋʋza anɛ yɔ atɔya lɛɛlɛɛyɔ yem ajɛɛ sakɩyɛ taa.
Léonard de Vinci
Palʊla Léonard de Vinci kɛ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 15 wiye pɩnaɣ 1452 kɛ Vinsi tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛsɩ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naalɛ ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1519 kɛ Tʊrɛɛnɩ tɛtʊ taa, Italii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ sɔsɔyɛ kɔyɔ Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛsɩkaɣ mbʊ yɔ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 67.
Ɛ-pɩcatʊ taa ɛɛwɛ Vinsi tɛtʊ taa, Italii ɛjadɛ taa nɛ ɛla sukuli kɛ sɔdʊ ŋgʊ payaɣèkʊ se Andrea del Verrocchio kɛ Florantɛŋ tɛtʊ taa. Ɛlɛ ñɛkɛna sayʊ nɛ tɔlɩm tayʊ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ.
Halʊ
Halʊ kɛ ɛyʊ. Ɛyʊ kɛna kpɩnɛ nɖɩ nɖɩ ɖɩ-ñʊʊ taa lɔŋ yɔ, ɖɩyɔɔdʊ, ɖɩwɛna naŋgbanzɩ nɛ nesi nɛ ɖɩlakɩ tʊma ndɩ ndɩ yɔ. Halʊ kɛna ɛyʊ weyi ɛwɛna kodiye yaa halɩtʊ kɛ ɛ-tɛɛ yɔ. Payaɣ yem se halʊ paayaɣ-ɖɩ paa ɛyʊ weyi ɛwɛna halɩtʊ yɔ. Palʊlʊ pɩɣa ñɩɩɩ lɛ, payaɣ-kɛ se pɩɣa yaa pɩɣa peleɣa nɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛɖɩɣna pɩʊ yɔ, ɛkɛ pɛlɔɣ. Pɛlɛtʊ tɛŋ lɛ, ɛsʊʊ halɩtʊ taa kɛlɛ. Ɛlɛ payaʊ se halʊ yɔ nabʊyʊ taa lɛ, payaɣ yem paacɔŋna se pɩɣa yaa sɔsɔ.
Abalʊ nɛ halʊ pasʊʊ yaa pacakɩ lɛ, yee abalʊ tɛ sɛzʊʊ tɔmnaɣ ŋga kɛwɛ X yɔ ŋga ɛkatɩna halʊ ñɩŋga ŋga kaka wɛ X yɔ ɖɔɖɔ kɔyɔ, pɩlakɩ sɛzʊʊ tomnasi XX, peeɖe kɛ mbʊyɔ, halʊpɩɣa palʊlʊ ɛlɛ yee pɩkɛ abalʊ tɛɛ sɛzʊʊ tɔmnaɣ ŋga kɛwɛ Y yɔ ŋga ɛkatɩna halɩñɩŋga ŋga kɛwɛ X yɔ kɔyɔ, abalʊ pɩɣa palʊlʊ pɩtɛ alɩwaatʊ. Pɩwɩlʊ se halʊ pɩɣa yaa abalʊ pɩɣa palʊlʊ yɔ, fenasɩ naalɛ tɛŋ pʊcɔ nɛ pɩwɩlɩ se halʊ pɩɣa yaa abalʊ pɩɣa pakaɣ lʊlʊʊ. ALɩwaatʊ ndʊ sɛzʊʊ tomnaɣ lɛɛka katʊ lɛɛka yɔ, pɩkpaɣna mbʊ yɔ, hɔɔ sʊa nɛ kɑlakɩ fenasi nakʊ ɛlɛ kapɩɣa nɛ halʊ pɩzʊ ɛlʊlɩ. Hɔsɩ nasɩyɛ ɖɛwʊ fenasi nakʊ yɔɔ ɛlɛ sɩtakɩlɩ ɖɔʊ.
Pɛlɔ paazʊ lɛɛzʊ sɛ ɛsʊʊ halaa taa lɛ, lɛɛzɩtʊ takɩlɩ ɖɔʊ ɛlɛ tɩnaɣ keleee. Ka-tɩnaɣ halʊ camɩyɛ, kapaazɩ lɩʊ hɩla piyele ka-halɩtʊ yaa ko-kodiye yɔɔ nɛ ka-hamɩŋ tɛɛ. Halʊ wezu ɖaala pɩkɩlɩ abalʊ ɛlɛ ɛ -tɛ alafɩya nɛ abalʊ ñɩŋgʊ pɛwɛ kɩmaŋ. Halʊ ɖɩcaɣyɛ yaa e-wezu caɣʊ taa yaa samaɣ taa lɛɣza sakɩyɛ ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ. Ɖooo lɛ, halʊ wazaɣ kɛlɛ se pɛcɛlɛ-ɩ ɛ-halʊ, ɛlabɩ-ɩ tɔɔnaɣ nɛ ɛ-lʊlɩ-ɩ piya. Ɖooo lɛ pataawokina halɩ pɩɣa sukuli mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ size ɛwɛɛ se ɛkaɣ walʊ pʊtɔpɔzɩ se pɛwɛɛkɩ liidiya se paɖʊ-kɛ sukuli. Sɔnzɩ nasɩyɛ taa lɛ, pɩtatɩɩhaʊ waɖɛ kɛ halʊ se ɛlɩɩna awayɩ nɛ yee pɩkɩla se ɩlɩɩ kɔyɔ, ehuzu ɛ-yɔɔ wondu walawala.
Halʊ kodiye wɛna hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ paa hɔɔlʊ ŋgʊ lɛ kɩnɛkɩ-wazaɣ. Cɔŋjɔŋ yaa cibiye, halɩtʊ pɔʊ, piya nɔmɔʊ, ŋgonɖe nɛ yalaɣ fuwa. Halʊ kodiye hɔɔlɩŋ ɩnʊ ɩtʊmɩyɛ kɛlɛ se ɩwona abalʊ sɛzʊʊ tomnaɣ kpaɣ halɩtʊ pɔʊ taa nɛ pɩtalɩ ɖenɖe ŋgonɖe wɛɛ yɔ. Mbʊ mbʊ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ ɖenɖe pɩɣa nɖʊʊ cakɩ se ɛɛkɔ ɛpaɣlɩ, nɛ palʊlɩ-ɩ yɔ.
Ellen Sirleaf Johnson
Ɖoɖoo nɔɔyʋ payaɣ se Ellen Johnson Sirleaf. Palʋla-ɩ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ nakʋ ñɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1938 ñɩŋa taa. Palʋla-ɩ Monroviya tɛtʋ taa. Monrovia tɛtʋ kɛ Liberiya ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ.
Ɖoɖoo Ellen Johnson Sirleaf kɛ politiki laɖʋ sɔsɔ Liberiya ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛlʋba nɛ ɛkɔɔ ɛpɩsɩ Liberiya ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ loɖo (16) ñɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2006 taa. Ɛkɛ Liberiya ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ kpaɣna pɩnaɣ ŋ́ga nɛ ŋkɔɔ ŋsɩɩna sɔnɔ.
Ɛlaba tɔsʋʋ sukuli Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ wɛ Amerika tɛtʋ taa. E-sukuli ŋ́gʋʋ ɛtɛma labʋ nɛ ɛkɔɔ ɛpɩsɩ tɔsʋʋ laɖʋ sɔsɔ Liberiya ɛjaɖɛ nɛ pʋcɔ ɛpɩsɩɣ ɖɩ-ñʋʋdʋ. Ɖoɖoo Ellen Johnson Sirleaf kɛŋna Afrika tɛtʋ ajɛya kpeekpe kajalaɣ halʋ weyi ɛkɛ ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ yɔ. E-ɖeke koŋ ɛkɛŋna Afrɩka ajɛya kpeekpe taa halʋ weyi ɛkɛ ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ yɔ.
Ɖoɖoo Ellen Jonson Sirleaf kɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ yɔɔ lʋɖʋ siŋŋ. Pʋ-nʋmɔʋ taa pɔkɔma paha-ɩ laŋhɛzɩyɛ yɔɔ lʋbʋ samtʋ nimiye pɩnaɣ 2011 ñɩŋa taa. Ɖoɖoo Ellen Johnson Sirleaf liɖe nɛ e-sukuli labʋ.
Ɛ-caa laba e-sukuli kɩtɛzʋʋ sʋsɔʋ Metoodisti waa sukuli sɔsɔʋ taa. Liberiya ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ, Monrovia taa ɛlaba-kʋ. Ɛ-caa laba sukuli nɛ ɛtɛ lɛ, ɛpɩsɩ tɔm temiyu, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se weyi ɛkandɩyɩɣ yaa ɛlʋkɩ ɛyʋ waɖɛ yɔɔ yɔ (avocat).
Ɖɩcɔna Ɖoɖoo Ellen Johnson Sirleaf kɔyɔ, ɖɩnaɣ se ɛka halʋ kɩsɛm. Ɛ-sɛmɩŋ lɩna ɛ-cɔzɔ nɔɔyʋ cɔlɔ. Tɔbʋʋ se, e-ɖoo ɖoo kawalɩ caama tʋ nɔɔyʋ. Ɖoɖoo Ellen Johnson Sirleaf paɣlɩ ñɩm hɔʋ taa. Ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ hiu nɛ lʋbɛ (17) lɛ, ɛwalɩ evebu weyi payaɣ se John Sirleaf yɔ. Ɛ́lɛ kɩlɩ-ɩ pɩnzɩ. Paa mbʋʋ yɔ, ɛ-walʋ ɛnʋ, etisina-ɩ se ɛɖɛɛ ɛla e-sukulinaa sɔsaa Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Ɛ-walʋ kɛkɛ sʋlʋm ñɔyʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛñɔʋ sʋlʋm nɛ ekpe ɖɩɣa lɛ, ɛkpɛŋkɛtɩɣ ɛ nɛ e-piya kamaɣ fɛyɩ. Halɩ ɛ-walʋ woba ɛ-wayɩ evemiye naɖɩyɛ ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ taa nɛ elu-i katanzɩ. Ɛmaba-ɩ, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, ɛ-walʋ ɛnʋ ɛtɔŋ se eekpeŋ ɖɩɣa lɔŋ. Ɖoɖoo Ellen Johson Sirleaf lakaɣ tʋmɩyɛ liidiye tʋmɩyɛ ɖɩlaɖɛ Minisi tʋmɩyɛ taa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, peeye ɛ-walʋ woba evemiye naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɛmabɩ-ɩ.
Halɩ evemiye lɛɛɖɛ ɛ-walʋ ɛnʋ, ɛkpaɣ malɩfa ɛ-yɔɔ se ɛtɔyɩ-ɩ ɛ-pɩyalʋ ɛsɩndaa. Pʋkɔma kɩkɩlɩ Ɖoɖoo Ellen Johnson Sirleaf nɛ ɛ-walʋ kañatʋ lɛ, ɛtɛzɩ ɛ-yɔɔ kʋyʋʋ nɛ ekpe ɛcaɣ ɛ-tɛ. Pɩnaɣ 1961 ñɩŋa taa pɩlaba mbʋ yɔ.
Nɖuu
Nɖuu kɛna ɛyʊ weyi ɛwɛ halʊ hɔɔ tʊ lotu taa yɔ pɩkpaɣnaʊ ɖooo abalʊ sɛzʊʊ tomnaɣ katʊ halʊ ñɩŋga nɛ pɛkpɛndɩ kʊɖʊm yɔ nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ se ɛpʊwa nɛ palʊlɩ-ɩ yɔ. Ɛyʊ yaa tɛtɛ kpɩna ajɔɔla kpɛlɛkɩya naʊ taa lɛ, hɔɔ siŋŋŋ paazʊ fenasi litoozo hɔɔ wayɩ, pʊbʊ lɛ, paa ɩjɔɔɖɛ nɖɩ lɛ ɖɩpaɣzɩ caɣʊ ɖiɖeɖe. Aliwaatʊ ndʊ ʈu-tɔm pakaɣ yɔɔdʊʊ yɔ, pɩkpakʊɣna kacalaɣ evemiye ŋdɩ hɔɔ sʊʊwa yɔ pɩɩsɩɩna lʊlʊʊ wiye. Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa lʊlʊsʊʊ kpɛlɛkɩya kalʊ hɔsɩ yɔ, paakalʊ fenasi ɛlɛ kɔzɔɖɔnaa kɛ pakalʊ. Fenasi litoozo wayɩ lɛ, pɩwɛ kaɖɛ se pɩma halʊ tɩnaɣ yɔɔ.
Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ nɖuu wɛna ñʊʊ, nesi, naŋgbanzɩ, fɩtɩyɩm nɛ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ lɩʊ nɛ pɛwɛʊ nɛ pɩpaɣlʊ. Hɔɔ ñɩtʊ nɛ kasʊʊ lɛ, pɩtɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊi tɩ-taa, kiliuzonuu ɖaalakɩŋ taa wɛ ɛzɩ milimɛtanaa 30 yɔ, nɛ kɩ-calɩm fuwa paɣzʊ mabʊ. ALɩwaatʊ ndʊ, kiliuzonuu ŋgʊ, kɩpɩzʊ kʊcɔzɩ kɩ-ñʊʊ nɛ kiciidi kɩ-tɩ. Kɩyakɩŋ 54 taa fɩtiym mbʊ pɩwɩlʊ wɛtʊ ndʊ tɩnaɣ keelee se pʊɖɔŋ. Fenasi 8 nɛ 15 taa nɖuu yaa kiliuzonuu ciidu camɩyɛ yem pɩkɩlɩna ɛzɩ ki-nesi, naŋgbanzɩ, ñʊʊ, kifezu ɖɔɖɔ, añɩza kpaɣ-kɛ nɛ kɔhɔŋ ka-tɩ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ kɩlɩkpayaɣ pɩzʊ pɩkpa-kɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Lakasɩ sɩnɛ sɩ-tɩŋga sɩwɛna wazaɣ kɛ nɖuu palɩka nɛ kɔ-tɔnʊʊ taa alafɩya wɛʊ.
Fenasi nakʊ taa, nɖuu pɩzʊ ekoti e-nee, e-nimbe yaa ɛ-nɩŋgbanzɩ. Ɛ-sɩnda wɛ camɩyɛ ɛzɩ ɛyʊ yɔ, ɛlɛ ɛ-ɛsɛ huza nɛ ahuzu mbʊ fenasi sakɩyɛ. Halɩtʊ yaa abalɩtʊ lɩʊ keelee. Kela lila paɣzʊ lɩʊ nɛ nesi nɛ naŋgbanzɩ wɛʊ nɛ pɩɖaalʊʊ piyele calɩm putulasi paɣzʊ lɩʊ kɛ hɔyɛ taa. Ɛ-ñʊʊ taa ñɔsɩ kpɛmlɛɛ lɩʊ nɛ e-lotu paɣzʊ sɩʊ kɛ copluu pɩndʊ. Nɖuu tɔnʊʊ wɛ lɛfɩɩɩ nɛ pɩnaɣ ɛzɩ cankeɖe yɔ nɛ pɩnaɣ mɔɔ nɛ hola. Kɔzɔɖɔnaa 16 nɛ 25 taa ɛsɛ hʊtʊ nɛ cɩkpaŋ lɩʊ.
Calɩm fusi yaa heelim kabasɩ paɣzʊ lɩʊ kɛ ɛ-hʊzʊŋ taa.Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa, feziŋ fusi tasʊ paɣlʊ nɛ ɛpɩzʊ ɛpaɣzɩ fesuu. Halʊ weyi ɛɖa hɔ,o haa,u yɔ, ɛnɩʊ kiliuzonuu ciiduu kɛ kɔzɔɖɔnaa 18 nɛ 19 taa ɛlɛ weyi ɛɛtɛma lʊlʊʊ yɔ, ɛñɩʊ-pʊ kɔzɔɖɔnaa 16 taa.Fenasi5 kaatɛŋ lɛ, nɖuu ɖaalakɩŋ taa wɛʊ ɛzɩ santimɛtanaa 20 yɔ. Kɔzɔɖɔnaa 26 nɛ 38 taa cɩkpaŋ ɖaalɩʊ pɩtalɩ nee nɔsɩ taa nɛ hɩla lona paazʊ wɩlʊ. Ñɔsɩ tasʊ ɖɔʊ ɛ-ñʊʊtaa. Ŋɖuu tɩŋa wɛ camɩyɛ nɛ kpaɣ kpɩtaŋ 35 nɛ 39 taa ɛñɔɔzɩ ɛ-tɩ se papɩzʊ palʊlɩ-ɩ. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛ-ɖaalakɩŋ wɛ ɛzɩ 48 nɛ 53 santimɛta yɔ pa-taa.
WhatsApp
Mbʋ payaɣ se « WhatsApp » yɔ, mbʋʋ payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se « WhatsApp Messenger ». Pɩkɛ tʋma naayɛ sakɩyɛ kaŋgalafu nakʋyʋ yɔɔ. Pɩtɛkɛ paa kaŋgalafu ŋgʋ kɩ-taa papɩzɩɣ pala « WhatsApp » tʋma. Kaŋgalaafu ŋgʋ kɩ-taa ɛyʋ pɩzɩɣ ɛla « WhatsApp » tʋma yɔ, payaɣ-kʋ se « android ».
Ɛyʋ ɛtamsɩ « WhatsApp » nimaɣ Kaŋgalafu nɛ « Android » yɔɔ kɔyɔ, ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛyɔɔdɩ tɔm ndʋ ɛsɔɔlaa se eheyiɣ e-koobu yɔ, paa ɛlɛ ɛfɛyɩ ɛlɛ ñɩŋʋ cɔlɔ yɔ. Ɛlɛ kɔŋ nɛ ɛkpaɣ ɛñɩŋʋ nɛ ekuli « WhatsApp » lɛ, ɛnɩɩ tɔm ndʋ e-koobu heyi-i yɔ. Pʋcɔ nɛ ña nɛ ño-koobu ɛpɩzɩ ɛyɔɔdɩna ɖama « WhatsApp » yɔɔ lɛ, pʋpɔzʋʋ se mɩ-naalɛ ɩwɛɛna paa weyi lɛ kaŋgalafu ŋgʋ payaɣ se « Android » yɔ. Ɛyʋ ɛwɩna kaŋgalafu « Android » nɛ ɛwɛɛ « WhatsApp » nimaɣ yɔɔ kɔyɔ, ɛnaɣ nɛ ɛtɛ ɛnɩɩ tɔm tɩŋa payɩ ndʋ tɩlakɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ yɔ. Yee ɛnɩ tɔm natʋyʋ nɛ tɩkɛdɩna-ɩ kɔyɔ, ɛpɩzɩ etiyina-tʋ e-koobiya tɩŋa payɩ mba pɛwɛna kaŋgalafu « Android » yɔ. Paba ɖɔɖɔ panɩ natʋyʋ kɔyɔ papɩzɩ petiyina-ɩ-tʋ. Ɛyʋ pɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ ɛlɩzɩ kɩlɛmɩŋ weyi ɛsɔɔlaa yɔ nɛ etiyina-yɛ e-koobiya mba ɛsɔɔlaa yɔ pɩtɩŋna « WhatsApp » yɔɔ.
Ɖajaa Jan Koum nɛ Ɖajaa Brian Acton patʋlɩ « WhatsApp » tʋma. Pɩnaɣ 2009 taa patʋla-yɛ. Ɖajaanaa panɛ pa-naalɛ palakaɣ « site web » ŋgʋ payaɣ se « Yahoo » yɔ kʋ-tʋma sɔsɔna. Halɩ papɩzɩ pɔtɔ se ḿba lɩzɩna-kʋ. Palɩzɩ « WhatsApp » se kɩlɩzɩ mbʋ payaɣ se « SMS » waa yɔ kaŋgalafunaa taa. « WhatsApp » tʋma ñʋʋ wɛ Mountain View tɛtʋ taa Californie ɛjaɖɛ taa. Facebook yaba « WhatsApp » tʋma lɛlaɣ fenaɣ, pɩnaɣ 2014 taa liidiye dollars waa 19 miiliyarɩ. Dollars waa ḿba pa-taa miiliyarɩ waa hiu nɛ kakpaanzɩ (15) ɖɛɣ « Facebook » tʋma ɖeɖe. Tɔbʋʋ se pɛhɛyɩɣ « Facebook » taa tʋmlaɖʋ liidiye miiliyɔɔ waa 350 yaa dollars waa 40 paa nesi ɖʋyʋ weyi lɛ.
Paɖaɣnɩ sɔzʋʋ « Facebook » taa tɔmlaɖaa liidiye yɔɔ. Nɔɔnɔɔ pɛhɛyɩɣ « Facebook » taa tɔmlaɖʋ liidiye miiliyarɩ waa.
Wendu
Wendu kɛna tɔm kususutu ndʊ posusuu ɛlɛ paakpaɣ nɔɔyʊ nɛ ɖoŋ se ewelesi yaa ɛɖɔ tɩ-yɔɔ yɔ. Wendu teu nɛ tɔm yem yɔɔdʊ yaa susuu wɛ ndɩ. Wendu teu taa tɔm wɛ leleŋ welesuu taa. Weŋgaliyu cʊnʊʊ ɛ-wendu nɛ tɩwɛɛ leleŋ kɔŋŋgɔ nɛ tɔm pe wena alɩʊ nɛ ɛ-nɔɔtaa yɔ, atɩŋgʊ ɖama ɛzɩ nandʊ nʊm kpeŋgʊʊ tɩ-ɖaʊ yɔɔ yɔ. Wendu teu ɛɛpɔzʊʊ paa ɛsɩmtaa se pocuuzi cɩmʊi nakʊyʊ pʊcɔ pɩwɛɛ leleŋ.
Ɖooo lɔndaa, haɖaa, ninɖiyaa, halaa, agbama, kpagbasɩ kpayaa, cʊŋ mayaa yaa yoŋ laɖaa tewaɣ wendu ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna pa-tʊma yɔɔ nɛ pɛɖɛyʊʊ ɖama yaa pa-tɩ. Po-wendu teu taa kɛ mbʊ yɔ, patamakɩ cɩmɩŋ. Papɩzʊ petee wendu kɛ kacʊcʊlaɣ taa, lɩʊ tɛɛ yaa nɔɔ taa ɖoŋ. Ɛlɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa cɩmɩŋ paɣzɩ lɩʊ yɔ, peteu wendu nɛ pesidi-cɩmʊ, tɩtasʊ wɛʊ leleŋ kɔŋgɔ. Cɩmɩŋ wondu ndɩ ndɩ taa peteu wendu.
Paa hɩsɩ taa, nɔndɔŋ taa, aŋganda taa, catɩyasɩ taa, kpandɩkolokolowaa taa, piyano taa, aɖakaɣ cɩmʊʊ taa, kɛŋgɛnaa taa, kamɩŋ maɣmaɣ taa yaa paa cɩmʊ wonuu ŋgʊ kɩ-taa, ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa eteu wendu. Paa wendu ndʊ, tɩnɛ tɩ-tɔbʊʊ. Weŋgalɩyaa pɩzʊ petee nɔɔyʊ yɔɔ tɔm kpeekpe yaa pa-maɣmaɣ pɔ-yɔɔ tɔm kɛ wendu taa. Papɩzʊ petee wendu patʊʊ nɔɔyʊ yaa pasamɩ-ɩ. Ɛpɩzʊʊ ɛnɩɩ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ yaa ɛɛnɩʊ ɛlɛ ɛpɩzʊʊ ɛwɛɛ payɛ yɔɔ.
Wendu wɛna pɩlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ: ɛsɔ samtʊ wendu wɛna tɩ-ndɩ nɛ agɔlɔma taa ñɩndʊ ɛzɩ habɩyɛ wendu nɛ tɩ-soo pɛwɛʊna ndɩ nɛ kamɩŋ wendu nɛ tɩ-kamʊʊ yɔ. Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ sɔnzɩ wendu nɛ tɩ-soo pɛwɛʊna ndɩ nɛ kasandʊ natʊyʊ yem yɔ. Wendu lɩzʊʊ pɩzʊ pɩpɔzɩ ɛyaa ɛzɩ naalɛ yɔ: tɔm lɩzɩyʊ nɛ ti-wendu luɖu. Lɛlʊ pɩzʊ ɛpaɣzɩ pɩcɔ naalɛ-tʊ tɩŋ ɛwayɩ. Cimʊʊ luɖu pɩzʊʊ elu pɩcɔ nɛ tɔm pe-tʊ lɩzɩ ɛ-tɔm yaa palɩzɩ tɔm pɩcɔ palɩzɩ cɩmʊʊ.
Yamusukro
Yamusokro kɛŋa Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ natʊyʊ. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ lɛ Kootidiivʊwarɩ. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1983 taa kɛ Yamusokro pɩsa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwalanzɩ landammm taa wɛ ɛzɩ ɛkɩtaarɩnaa 350 000 yaa kilomɛtanaa 35 000 nɛ pɩnaɣ 2010 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊ kɛ peeɖe lɛ, pana ɛyaa 362 000. Kotidiivuwari ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, Yamusokro kɛŋna tɛtʊ kagbanzɩ ñɩndʊ kɛ ɛyaa ɖɖoʊ taa. Pʊtɔbʊ se ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛjaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ, ndʊ lɛ: Abɩɩjaŋ, Puwake, Taalowa nɛ Korogo. Kottidiivuwaari ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ kpɛnda natʊlɛ: Abɩɩjaŋ tɛtʊ nɛ Yamusokro ñɩndʊ.
Ɖooo lɛ, Abɩɩjnaŋ kaakɛŋna Kotidiivuwaari ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ndʊ tɩɩkɛ politiki tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ yɔ. Kpaɣna pɩnaɣ 1983 lɛ, Yamusokro pɩsɩna politiki nɛ komina tʊma sɔsɔna wɛɛ; piyele nɛ Abɩɩjaŋ kɛna ñɛkɛna tɔsʊʊ nɛ ɛsɩndaa wobu tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ.
Ɖooo lɛ, tɛtʊ ndʊ payawaɣ sɔnɔ Yamusokro mbʊ yɔ, payawaɣ-tʊ se Ŋgokro. Payaʊ-tʊ hɩɖɛ kɩfaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ yɔ, tetʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Pawule yɔ tɩ-tɛ Abiɖe nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Yamoussou yɔ, ɛnʊ paɖʊ hɩɖɛ nɛ payaatʊ nɛ ɖɩ-hɩɖɛ; piyele kro tɔbʊʊ nɛ Pawule kʊnʊŋ taa se haɖaa yaa egeetiye.
Payaɣ Yamusokro maalika yɔɔ cɔnayʊ se Gnrangbé Kouakou Kouadio nɛ palɩsa-ɩ pɩnaɣ 2012 nɛ pɩnaɣ 2017 taa kɛ ɛkʊyʊ; e-kpelaɣ yɔɔ nɛ pɛlɛɛzɩ kɩfalʊ.
1922
Pɩnaɣ 1922 kɛ pɩnaɣ 1922 ñɩŋga kɛ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ yɔ. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ taa lɛ, pɩnaɣ 1922 kɛŋna 22 ñɩŋga. Kɛwɛ pɩnzɩ 1921 nɛ 1923 hɛkʋ taa. =1922 taa lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ = Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ lakasɩ sɔsɔsɩ sɩnɛ yɔ sɩlaba :
Ismaël Lô
Ismaël Lô kɛna Senegalɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa hendu teyu sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ nɛ palʊla-ɩ kɩyɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 30 ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1956 kɛ Tugɔnduci tɛtʊ taa. Ismaël Lô caɣ Rufiskii tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛpaɣlɩ, pɩñɔtɩna Takarɩ kpam. Ɛyʊ ɛnɛ, e-hendu teu taa caɣ maamaacɩ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ɛ-hɔʊ taa nɔɔyʊ eteu hendu. Mbʊ yebina nɛ ɛsaɣ ɛmeɣmaɣ kɛ cɩmɩŋ nɛ ɛnɛ ɛ-ɖɛtɩnaa pamakɩ.
Pɩnaɣ 1970 taa kɛ ɛ-caa sɩba pʊyɔ kɛ Ismaël Lô kʊyaa ɛɖɛɛ Takarɩ tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛtasɩ hendu tetu teu camɩyɛ. Efemiye naɖiyɛ kɛ Pana-ɩ nɛ e-hendu teu taa kɛ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm taa. Kpaagbaa mbʊ lɛ, ɛ-hɩɖɛ paɣzɩ sɛʊ nɛ ɛsʊʊ hendu teya sɔsa nabɩyɛ ŋgbɛyɛ taa nɛ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se Super Diamono. Pɩnaɣ 1984 taa kɛ ɛlɩ Super Diamono.
Ngbɛyɛ taa nɛ ɛtʊlɩ ɛmaɣma ɛñɩnɖɛ nɛ ɛlɩzɩ hendu teu kɩlɛmɩŋ kanahaŋ kagbaanzɩ. Hendu teyu sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Faye yɔ, ɛlɛ tasɩna-ɩ hayɩsʊ camɩyɛ nɛ ɛtezɩ ɖoŋ kpaʊ cɩŋ kɛ e-hendu teu taa. Pɩnaɣ 1988 kɛlɛmɩŋ kanahaʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Camp de Thiaroye yɔ, palɩzaɣ-kʊ lɛ, ɛnʊ tena kɩ-taa hendu nɛ ɛnʊ hʊlaɣna saŋgʊ.
Pʊwayɩ yɔ ɛkpaɣ Idrissa Ouedraogo tɔm ndʊ payaɣ tʊ se Afrika, mona Afrika yɔ ka-taa tɔm nɛ eteena hendu pɩnaɣ 1995. Ɛkpaɣ ɖɔɖɔ Moussa Sene Absa ñɩndʊ, Tableau ferraille, nɛ etee hendu pɩnaɣ 1996. Pɩnaɣ 1990 e-hendu teu lɛzɩ lɛɛzɩɣʊ nabʊyʊ. Ɛna Barclay nɛ ɛlɛ sɩna-ɩ nɛ palɩzɩ ɛ-tɛ hendu teu kɩlɛmɩŋ kanahaʊ looɖo ñɩŋgʊ nɛ ɛyaa-kʊ se Tajabone.