cyanic-selkie/wikianc huggingface dataset:
James Cook
James Cook neɣ Captain Cook (s tanglizit : James Cook) (27 tubeṛ 1728 - 14 fuṛaṛ 1779) yella d abehri d umnadi Aglizi, yettwaḥesben d yiwen seg imnadiyen Iurufen i yesɛan azal ameqran deg tallit n zik, yexdem kraḍ n yinigen deg ugaraw Ahadi, yura aṭas n tkartidin n temnaḍt-a yexdem ula aṭas n tmusniwin. Yufa n tegzirin n Hawaii d Taseyult Tajdidt. Yetwassen deg umezruy segmi yemmut Magellan deg useggas n 1768 yexdem kraḍ n isikelen: amezwaru gar (1768-1774) wis sin deg tallit gar (1772-1774) wis tlata deg useggas n 1776 i d-yessufɣen tagzirt n Haway.
Malcolm in the middle
Malcolm in the Middle sulfen-t-id imarikaniyen aseggas n 2000. Tɛedda deg telenẓar i tikkelt tamenzut ass n 2006.
Anagraw afuyan
Anagraw afuyan neɣ Uḏus afuyan ḏ-yiwen unagraw amṯiwgan igebren seg ṯfuyṯ ed wayen akk yettezzin fell-as am tegnit d yimtiwgen niden, akken daɣen i yegber seg tfekkiwin tigennawin meẓẓiyen am yimtiwgen igezlanen d iseffuden d yismilen yakk d ugedṛur anamdal, akken daɣen illan imṭafaren n yimtiwgen yettusemman s wayyur, anda llan ugar n 150 n wayyuren yettwassnen deg unagraw anafuk, amur ameqran deg-sen tezzin ɣef yimtiwgen icafcalen n ugaz. Maca tafekka tameqqṛant yakk deg unagraw anafuk tga d tafukt igan d itri i d-izgan deg tlemmast n unagraw yerna i teqqen igmamen d tfekkiwin n unagraw-a s teldayt-is, anda takura-ines tewweṭ ɣer 99,9 n tkura n unagraw-a s timmad-is. Akken i tga d aɣbalu agejdan i tafat d weẓɣal ittaǧǧan tudert tezmer ad tili deg tegnit, deffir n tfukt ttasen-d 8 n yimtiwgen s umizwar (s unect n wyggug ɣef tfukt): Merkur (neɣ Aziweɣ), Tatrit, Tagnit, Mezweɣ (Imtiwgen ineẓruyen) yakk d Yebter, Awihad neɣ Asturn, Uṛanus, Niptun (yimtiwgen icafcalen n ugaz).
Llant waṭas n tfekkiwin tinafukin i yezmer wemdan ad ten-tt-iẓer s wallen-is (anagar Tafukt d wayyur) am Merkur, Tatrit, Mezweɣ, Yebder yakk d uwihad akken i zemrent wallen n wemdan ad ẓṛent ula d kra n izunyuren yettfeǧǧiǧen yakk d yismilen imazrayen neɣ iseffuden anda i yezmer wemdan ad ten-iẓer mi ara ad kecmen ɣef tegnawt n tegnit w ad ṛɣen sin akin ad ssegren usuɣen. S tmerniwt ɣer wanect-a, snulfu n wemsaddas (atiliskup) d win yeǧǧan amdan yezmer ad iẓer aṭas n tfekkiwin niden ur yezmir ara ad ten-tt-iẓer s wallen.
Imir-a, amur ameqran n imesnallunen ttɣilen d akken udus anafuk d win i d-ilulen send n 4,6 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen seg yiwen n usigna acafcal n igazen d igedṛuren yettwassnen s usignew anafuk. S unect n teẓri ayi, Asignew-a yebda-d s uɣelluy ɣef yiman-is s usrag (ssebba) n teldayt-is anda adad-is agensuy yella ur yezmir ara ad tt-yezbu.
Asnirem d tamusni n wudus anafuk
I yigiman (luluf) n iseggasen, imdanen llan ttɣilen d akken tagnit i d-ammas n usedday yerna tbedd deg wadeg-is akken i d-temgarad ɣef tfekkiwin tinallunin niden, ɣas ma yella ufelsaf Anegrik Aristark n Samus iɣil d akken d tafukt i d ammas n usedday. Nikola Kopernik d amezwaru yesneflin tamudemt tamusnakt ɣef tisselmest n tfukt d wudus anafuk. deffir-s deg tsut tis 17, Galileo Galilei d Isaac Newton d Johannes Kepler gan d wid i d-isneflin irmawen isengamen, ayen yeǧǧan ad ldin abrid i wakken ad tettwiddeg (ad tettwaqbel) tekti n tuzzya n tegnit ɣef tfukt, yakk d akken imtiwgen d wid i kellun s isudaf isengamen s wacu tkellu tegnit. Sin akin deg tallit-a tatrart, asnulfu n yimsaddasen d win yeldin iberdan i wesnirem n tumanin tisnakalin am yidurar d tkucin timnaggasin yakk d tumanin n tesnignewt am usigna.
Tamuski n wudus anafuk
Tafukt tgebber asger agejdan deg unagraw anafuk, anda i tga d itri yeṭṭafaren asesmel atraw G2, Takura-ines tessiliɣ-d 99,86 seg tkura n unagraw anafuk akken i d-tɣemmer ɣef umussu n tegrawt s usrag n teldayt-is. ma d takura n yimtiwgen igaziyen (Yebter, Awihad, Uṛanus, Niptun) ssiliɣen-d 99% n tkura i d-igran seg unagraw anafuk, dɣa Yebter d uwihad iman-nsen ssiliɣen-d 90% seg tkura n 4 n yimtiwgen igaziyen.
Amur ameqqran n tfekkiwin timeqqṛanin itezzin ɣef tfukt mmersent ɣef weswir n tegnit yettwasemman Ecliptic, acku imyiwgen udsen s waṭas ɣer ukala n tfukt ma d ismilen d tfekkiwin n ubaggus n Kuiper ttilin (deg tuget n tegnatin) mmersen deg tɣemrin meqqren s waṭas ɣef ukala n tfukt. imtiwgen yakk d wamur ameqran n tfekkiwin tezzin ɣef tfukt yakk d tnila n tuzzya n tfukt ɣef yiman-is. Maca llant kra n tsurifin amedya deg wayen yezzin ɣef wesmil n Halley yakk d yimtiwgen niden (anagar tatrit d Uṛanus).
Asileɣ d temhazt
Anagraw anafuk d win i yemmugen s usrag n uɣelluy deg teldayt n usignew axeclawan acafcal send n 4,568 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen. Yerna ahat asignew-a d win izegren i waṭas n ifawatayen akken daɣen i yezmer ad yili yettekka deg tlallit n waṭas n yitran.
Tamnaṭ deg wanda i d-issemti usileɣ n unagraw anafuk tettwassen s usignew n tfukt azwaran, ass mi i d-trab tugeẓ ɣef wuntum amussay ayen i d-tiǧǧan ad tezzi s urured meqqren. Sin akin yemsegraw wamur ameqran n tkura deg wammas yerna tuli teẓɣelt-is (ammas-nni) anda taseddart n weẓɣal n wammas-nni tuɣal d tin yugaren taseddaṛt n weẓɣal n tseɣleyt n tagra. u yal mi ara ad yenɣes usignew, ad yernu seg tuzzya alammi i yebda yettuɣal am tagra tamtiwgant tamazzayt s ukdu n 200 tiggtin tisnallunin w ad yegri itrazwaran aẓeɣlan deg wammas. Dɣa imusnawen ttɣilen d akken tafukt deg tallit-a tella d itri T tauri. Tizrawin ɣef yitran T tauri mmalent-d d akken-iten teddun-d yakk d tagra n tnegwa n umtiweg azwaran s tkura imalen gar n 0.001 ɣer 0.1 seg tkura tanafukt, anecta yesskanay-d d akken tuget seg tkura n usignew teqqim deg yitri-nni yakan. sin akin nnulfan-d yimtiwgen seg unerni n tagra ayyi
Tigzirin n Faru
Tigzirin n Faru (s tafirwanit : Føroyar (asusru ), s tadanict : Færøerne), d agraw n tigzirin (arkafal n 18 tigzirin ) deg ugafa n Agaraw anaṭlas gar Island ed tigzirin n Citland (Shetland, Skutlanda). Tajumma-nsen d ahat n 1400 km2. Tigzirin-is tigejdanin qqaren-asent : Streymoy, Eysturoy, Vágar, Suduroy, Sandoy, Bordoy, ed Svínoy. Thorshavn d tamanaɣt n Faru tezga-d deg tegzirt n Streymoy.
Tigzirin n Faru d aḥric n Tagelda n Danmaṛk (akked Grinland ed Danmaṛk).
Sonic X (manga)
Sonic X (tajapunit: ソニック X, Hepburn: Sonikku Ekkusu) d amazraw n tiliẓri ajapuni yusa-d ɣef Sega's Sonic n umezraw n video n Hedgehog. D win i t-ixedmen yerna i d-ixelqen aẓawan amaynut.
Anaḍul
Anaḍul (s taṭerkit : Anadolu, s tagrikt : Ανατολία / Anatolía, s tarminit : Անատոլիա / Anatolia), qqaren-as daɣen Asya Tamecṭuḥt, d tazunegzirt tezga-d deg amalu n Asya, iţmettil d tama Tasyawit n Tturk.
Malcolm in the Middle
Malcolm in the Middle sulfen-t-id imarikaniyen aseggas n 2000. Tɛedda deg telenẓar i tikkelt tamenzut ass n 2006.
Anagraw afuyan
Asileɣ d temhazt
Deg 50 n imelan n iseggasen, adad d tneẓẓi n uhidṛujin deg wul n yitri amzawar yuɣal d win yugten s tfesna ara ad yeǧǧen tisedmirin n wezday aɣisan ad ssemtint. taẓɣelt d yisir n tisedmirt d wadad d tneẓẓi d wid yernan alammi iwwṭen ɣer wagaz n umnekni ahidṛustatik anda tafasa taẓeɣlawt tuɣal tessegdal tadusi n teldayt ayen yeǧǧan tafukt deg tallity ad teṭfer asesmel n welkam.
center|upright=3|Allus n tudert n tfukt
Tafukt yellan deg wass-a ad teqqim alamma tbda tmehhez s unect n usesmel n Hertzsprung-Russell, acku mi ara ad tfak yakk tumast-is tahedrujint tajummant ad yader usafaɣ n tfasa ayen ara ad yeglun s waqqaf n tfukt ɣef yiman-is, ayen yettaǧǧan adad d teẓɣelt ad rnun deg weɣyay-is. s usrag n wanect-a yakk, tamhalt n truɣi d tin yettruruden akken irennu wesfijjej-is s wazal n 10% deg yal 1,1 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen.
Seld n wazal n 5,4 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen seg tura, Ahidṛujin yakk illan deg wul n weɣyay n tfukt ad yuɣal d ahilium s wakka ad tfak tallit n welkam agejdan mi ara ad fakkent tsedmirin n uhidṛujin. Aɣyay ad yettwaseqqef ugar i wakken ad yernu wadad d teẓɣelt sin akin ad ilint tsedmirin tiɣisanin i whilium itṛuɣen deg weɣyay deg tseddart n wezɣal yeflalen (ɛlayen) i wakken ad yiɣur usafaɣ aẓɣlaw s waṭas ɣef wanect ig yella deg tallit n welkam agejdan, Dɣa deg tallit-a, tissi tuffiɣt n tfukt d tin yettihriwen s wazal n 260 n tikkal seg ukdu-ines agejdan i wakken ad ad tuɣal tfukt d acafcal azeggaɣ s usrag n tmerniwt tameqqṛant deg tjumma n tiggi-inesmaca taẓɣelt-is d tin ara ad yadren s waṭas ɣef wanect yella deg tallit n welkam agejdan (kra n 2600° C). .Deg taggara, ahilium ad ifakk w ad yettwačč deg weɣyay ugar n uhidṛujin d tseddart anda timerɣiwt n uhilium tesgensis amur meẓẓiyen seg wakud n tmerɣiwt n uhidṛujin. yerna acku tafukt ur meqqer ara s wayen ara ad yeǧǧen ad tili timerɣiwt n iferdisen iẓayanen seg uhilium, anecta igellu-d s tdersi n tsedmirt taɣisant deg wul n tfukt d unesses n tissi tuffiɣt ɣer tallunt i wakken ad tegri tfukt d agezlan amellal s tneẓẓi yeflalen (ɛlayen), s wakka ad tili (tfukt) s wezgen n tkura-ines taẓaṛant yakk d ubleɣ yegdan ableɣ n tegnit, ma d tissiwin tunessisin ssiliɣent-d asignew amtiwgan ma d kra seg tnegwa i d-issilɣen yakan tafukt ttuɣalent d tinegwa tigratrawin.
Imniren
Taggayt:Tasnallunt Taggayt:Tasnemtiwegt Taggayt:Udus anafuk
Kalidunya tamaynut
Kalidunya Tamaynut (s tefransist : Nouvelle-Calédonie) kra n tegzirin yellan ddaw leḥkem n Fṛansa (seg 1853). Tigzirin-a llant di temnaḍt n Melanisia deg unẓul-utram n ugaraw n Pacific. Kalidunya Tamaynut deg-s tagzirt tameqqrant n Grand Tir, d tigzirin n Loyalti d waṭas n tegzirin timežyanin. deg-s nnig n 285.000 n yimezdaɣen. Ibritanen d Yifṛansisen ad yeddan ɣer-s deg uzgen amezwaru n lqern wis 19, tura tuɣal d ayla n Fransa seg useggas n 1853. Tamaneɣt-is d Numia. tettusaram ad tawi azarug-is deg tallit n 2015 ar 2019, maca ugar n 96.50% ur ssarmen azarug di Fransa deg tefrarin n useggas 2021.
Malcolm deg tlemmast
Malcolm deg tlemmast (s tanglizit : Malcolm deg tlemmast) sulfentid imarikanien aseggas n 1999 sɣur Chris, Martin Kratt, g Leo Eaton. Tɛedda deg telenẓar i tikkelt tamenzut ass n 1999.
Ikwadur
Ikwadur neɣ Tagduda n Ikwadur (s taspenyult : Ecuador (asusru ) ), d tamurt n agafa-umalu n Tamrikt n Wenẓul, tajumma-ynes 270 670 km2, tamanaɣt-ynes d Kito. Tagduda n Ikwadur tesɛa tilist akked Agaraw Amelwi ɣer umalu, Piru ɣer wenẓul ed uasmar, ed akked Kulumbya ɣer ugafa.
Tamkerḍit
Tamkerḍit d taḥawact n idlisen yettwasqedcen deg taɣuṛi neɣ tezrawt, neɣ d lebni anda deg-s tella taḥawact n idlisen.
Tizmilin
Taggayt:Tasekla
Mani
Mani ( s tfarisit ماني ) d yiwen seg yimceyyɛen id-ibane deg tmurt n gar sin n yisaffen, ilul-d deg 216 n tlalit deg temdint n Babil i yenbeḍ umenkud afarisi , d netta id-yesnulfan ajjed amanawi , i yekcemen aṭas n tmura , gar-asent tafriqt n ugafa , gar wid-itt-ikecmen agerram Uɣesṭin , wid i t-iḍefren deg tmurt n gar sin n yisaffen ttwaḥerṣen mliḥ sɣur umenkud afarisi yellan ttamnen s tmess , yettwaḥbes deg usekraf deg useggas n 276 ḥekkmen fella-s s lmut.
Tudert
vignette|Tugna i Mani Ilul deg 14 yebrrir 216 deg ugafa n Lɛiraq n wass-a i yellan imiren d aḥric seg umenkud afarisi. Ur yeddir ara Mani akked yemma-s tettwabɛed fella-s, ɣef way-a timẓi-ines tusa-d tewɛer, imi baba-s yeffeɣ i wajjed i yellan imiren deg Lɛiraq yekcem ɣer wajjed n yisabiyen neɣ ɣer yiwet n terbaɛt i yettekkan ɣer yisabiyen. Tarbaɛt-agi ttamnen belli tameṭṭut d nnǧasa d yelli-s n cciṭan ɣef way-a yusa-d Fatezk ɣer mmi-s Mani ass mi i yesɛa kan ukkuz n yiseggasen deg yila-s yessebɛed-it ɣef yemma-s ddren akkenni ɛezlen akked d terbaɛt-nni ttẓallan ttebɛaden ɣef akk ayen yettɣuṛṛun amdan ladɣa tulawin.
Yeqqim mani akken ɣef wajjed i ɣer t-isssekcem baba-s armi d aseggas-is wis 21, imiren yesla s tmasiḥit d wayen akk id-qqaren ɣef umidag n Yissu ; dɣa seg yimiren yella yeqqar belli d netta i d Rruḥ lqudus nni iɣef d-ttmeslay tmasiḥit , ḥessben wat tarbaɛt-ines belli tagi d ticuffert dɣa staxṛen-t syinna.
Imiren ifarisiyen llan ttabaɛen ajjed azaradicti yettqeddisen timest, Mani yella yeqqar yettwali asɣanen , ihi yegmen ad yini belli d netta i d nnbi amaynut , yeqqar-d ɣef yiman-is belli ass mi yesɛa 12 n yiseggasen yeffeɣ-as-d lmelk , ur d-yuɣal ara armi d aseggas-is wis 24 akken ad-yessuffeɣ tabrat n yillu ; yernu ad yebnu timsirin n wajjed amanawi ara yilin seg Ccinwa ɣer tmurt n Sbenyul d Fṛansa , yebda niqal asiwel d usekcem ɣer ddin-is deg temnaḍt-nni i deg yedder maca , i tmental ur neẓri yunag ɣer Lhend , ideg yessawel ɣer wajjed nni ines yessekcem ɣer-s aṭas n yimdanen , dinna i yelmed timsirin tibudiyin d tzaradictiyin.
Deg useggas n 240 yebda asiwel ɣer wajjed-agi-ines, yuwi abrid n unelmad tuma ɣef way-a id-iɛedda sezg Bakistan , Afɣanistan , Lhend n wass-a , mi dayen yunag ɣrer Lhend d Maṣer nnan-d belli yelḥeq ad yessekcem yiwen n unembaḍ ɣer wajjed-ines , deg useggas n 242 ibedde-d sdat n ugellid Cabur I , i as-iɛemden ad yessiwel ɣer wajjed-ines s tlelli meqqren , yuɣal seg yiqeddacen n ugellid , imiren i yebda tira n udlis-ines i yqeddsen , syin yerra ɣer ywet n tiɣilt ɣer tama n wasif n Diǧla ideg yebda lebni n tmezdayt-ines , yeqqim Mani yessawal i wajjed-ines s ṭul n 30 n yiseggasen mebla ma yeḥreṣ-it-id yiwen.
Assmi yemmutt umenkad Cabr deg useggas n 272, yebda iɣelli Mani imi sin n yimenkad i yellan s deffir-s llan d tixutam deg yifassen n yimunaken izaradictiyen , d ayen i yerran imunaken ad bdun aḥraṣ dd udfaṛ n yal win yumnen s tmanawit di taggara sullzen amenkad akken ad-as yessiwel i Mani akken ad ibedd sdat n uxxam n teɣdemt n yimunaken izaradictiyen  , ihi wwin-t ɣer usekraf zzin as-d s senslat , yeqqim deg usekraf 26 n wussan la yettidir am uɣerda yal ass d tiytiwin d uḥqar inelmaden-is zgan ẓerren-t armi yeḥkem fella-s umenkad s lmut deg useggas n 276.
Lmut-is
Amenkad afarisi yeḥkem ɣef s lmut, imi di tazzwara Babil tuɣal d ammas ideg ttemlilin wasɣanen ihi ma tuɣal akken i tella zik nni d tawaɣit fella-sen , syin llan yimunaken izaradictiyen yugaden ad yewseɛ wajjed-ines , asɣan-nsen ad d-yeggri mebla imeḍfaren. Ihi, yettwaṣleb Mani , syin kksen-d tafekka-ines gezmen-as ifassen-is d yiḍarren-is sserɣen-t , maca imeḍfaren-is ummnen belli rruḥ-is tuli d asawen , ɣef way-a yuɣal wass-nni d tafaska ɣur-sen ttuẓumen 30 n wussan n wayyur n yebrir ɣef way-a.
Tiktiwin-is
Deg tasut tis kraḍ yewseɛ cwiya wajjed n Mani, asɣan-ines d asexleḍ gar waṭas n wasɣanen akka am tmasiḥit d tbudit d tzaradictit : yumen Mani belli amaḍal yefreq ɣef sin win n lxir d win n ccer ( akken i umnen yizaradictioyen ) illu n lxir iga tagelda-ines deg tafat n lxir , maca imi ur s-yezmir ara i ccer yexleq-d tayemmat n tudert id-yefkan amdan aqbur , tlata n yiṛebbaten agi ( ababat - tayemmat-aqcic amectuḥ) yettemcabi-as i tmasiḥit
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka neɣ Tagduda Tamegdayt Tanemlayt n Sri Lanka (s tasinhalit : සිංහල, Śrī Laṃkā ed ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්ත්‍රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය, Srī Lankā prajātāntrika samājavādī janarajaya), zik qqaren-as Seylan (Ceylon) alamma 1972, d awanak ed tegzirt tezga-d deg Agaraw Ahendi deg wenẓul-usamar n Lhend, tajumma-ynes 65.610 km2.
Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan neɣ Tagduda n Uzbekistan (s tuzbekit : Ŭzbekiston neɣ Ŭzbekistan Respublikasi), d tamurt deg Asya talemmast, tamanaɣt-ynes d Tackend, tesɛa tilist akked Kazaxestan ɣer agafa ed agafa-umalu, Kirgizistan ed Ṭaǧikstan ɣer usamar ed anẓul-usamar, Afɣanistan ɣer anẓul ed akked Turkmenistan ɣer anẓul-amalu.
Man'yōgana
Manyogana (万葉仮名, neɣ まんようがな) d anagraw n tira aqdim i yessemrasen isekkilen s tcinwat i tira n tutlayt tajapunit. Ur yessin ara swaswa melmi i tebda tmeslayt n tkana, maca yettwanas ad tili seg tlemmast n lqern wis ṣa(7). Isem "Manyugana" yekka-d seg Manyusho, adlis n tmedyazt n Japun i d-yellan seg tallit n Nara, yettwaḥseb d yiwen seg yidlisen imezwura i yuran s tira n Manyogana.
Manyogana
Alguritm
Alguritm neɣ Awarizm (asget : iwarzimen), (s taglizit : algorithm, s tafrensist : algorithme), d terbaεt n ilugan imahlanen, asnas-nsen yettaǧǧa ad yefru yiwen ugur akked umḍan n timhelin.
Awarizm yezmer ad yettwasuqqel ɣur uhil i yettwalkamen s uselkim, akked yiwet tutlayt n usihel.
Isem
Isem-is yekkad seg isem alatini n amusnak n taɛrabt; Muḥemmed Ibn Musa al-Xuwarzmi qqaren as Xuwarzmi.
Tizmilin
Taggayt:TasenselkimtTaggayt:Teknoloji
Isawaḍen unnigen di tmezgidiwin
vignette|Asawaḍ unnig di tmezgida deg [[Maleka, Malizya.]] Di tazwara n tasut tis 20 i d-isnulfuyen tikkelt tamezwarut isawaḍen unnigen, sakkin sersen-ten-id di tmezgidiwin deg useggasen n 1930 akken ad ssawḍen tuddan (asiwel i taẓẓalit) tikwal daɣen tagellayt n wass Lǧemɛa.
S umata, isawaḍen unnigen n beṛṛa ttilin sufella ticṛafin tiɣezfanin, seqdacen yid-sent semmus iberdan deg wass i usiwel n taẓallit, tikwal si qquz n ṣṣbeḥ. Kra n tmezgidiwin sεan isawaḍen unnigen taɣuct-nsen tettaweḍ ar 5 n ikilumitren. Deg temnaḍin i sεant ugar n yiwet n tmezgida, taɣuct n yisawaḍen unnigen tseffeḍen, ladɣa deg tanzayt imi ur nesli i kra.
Asveddi n usawaḍ unnig di tmezgida yeḍra-d abrid amezwaru deg 1936 di Masjid Sultan deg Singapur. Ɣas akken kra n midden i llan di tmezgida nni ikcem-asen ccekk ɣef amellil n wanagraw aẓṛuṛan amaynut, tuget seg-sen umnen belli d ayen ilezmen akken ad tesεeddi taɣuct n win ixedmen tuddna lḥess n tamdint. Usedfay n tuddna s strisiti yuɣal-d d amagnu di tmura am Tturk d Lmerruk, ma d tmura nniḍed am Timura n Wadda 7% ar 8% n tmezgidiwin qedcen s yisawaḍen unnigen akken ad ssawlen i midden ad ẓallen.
Annect n lḥess i d-yekkan seg yisawaḍen unnigen yeǧǧa-d taneɣlift n timsal tineslamin n Suεudiya ad tessufeɣ taɣtest di taggara n Mayyu 2021 qqaren deg-s belli ur yilaq ara ad iεeddi imesli n yisawaḍen unnigen n tmezgidiwin "afkraḍ n ufellay", akken tella d tanaṭ i isnulfan aṭas n uzernen di tgelda taneslemt.
Aẓayeṛ aɣadem
Llan aṭas n unjugen mgal asiwel i taẓallit taneslemt di tmura am Lalman, Taswist, Fransa, Tagelda Yedduklen, Tutrict, d Biljik. Kra n timdinin deg Tefriqt gedlen s yiman-nsen aseqdec n tmizgidiwin s yisawaḍen unnigen akked kra n timazdayin deg uwanak n Michigan.
Deg Wambeṛ n 2016, anavad n Israyel yermes asumer i agdal n useqdec n yisawaḍen unnigen sɣur tisuddiwin timasɣanin deg lawan n usgunfu.
Lalman
Deg Köln, Lalman, asumer i taṣuki n tmezgida talemmast n Köln yufa aṭas n uzɣin sɣur kra n yimezdaɣen; agdal n usnezwi n tuddna s yisawaḍen unnigen yella gar tiwtilin imezwura ilezmen ɣef imedhalen n tmezgida ad msasin fell-as akken ad awin arrag i tameṣkiwt.
Lhend
Di Lhend, yemsarmuden mgal avluleɣ n wahit ssawlen i tisekreẓt ɣef useqdec n yisawaḍen unnigen sakkin sseɣreten belli asɣen ur yelli d tasureft i urkaḍ n yilugan n wahit. Deg 1999, deg uskasi ɣef agdal imsulles n yisawaḍen unnigen sufella tmezgidiwin, kra n yimalwayen yisertiyen di Lhend nnegmen midden sqedcen s yisawaḍen unnigen akken ad snuflun aqmar di tmetti, sakkin sḥercen taɣewwaɣt deg Nandurbar, di 10 n Wamber, 1999.
Indunisya
Indunisya, d tamurt akk i yesɛan aṭas d yinselmen testeεref belli leqdic assuget s yisawaḍen unnigen sɣur tmezgidiwin-is yella d aɣilif awenḍan yemmuger-d tisɣal tunṣibin. Lameεna, deg Ɣuct n 2018, fkan-as i tmeṭṭut teccetka-d ɣef lḥess n yisawaḍen unnigen n tmezgida tadigant taẓiṛt n 18 n wayyuren deg usekraf, sakkin sserɣen tirkaf 14 n yifukan yibudiyedeffir acetki-ines. Aha tessufeɣ-d taneɣlift n yisekkin imasɣanen n Indunisyaon kra n tiwelhiwin ɣef leqdic s yisawaḍen unnigen.
Tagelda Yedduklen
Deg 5 n Mayyu n 2020 yefka aseqqamu n Waltham Forest di tɣiwant n London asireg i tam n tmezgidiwin akken ad senzwan tuddna deg wayyur n Ṛemdan. Deg 14 n Mayyu 2020 aseqqamu n Newham ṭṭafaṛen deg-sen, aha fkan asireg i 19 n tmezgidiwin deg yegmamen n London akken ad ad senzwan tuddna deg Ṛemdan. Aṭas n yimezdaɣ n Newham uran i lbiru n lmir Rukcana Fyaz. Deg 20 n Mayy 2020 yewweḍ-asen imezdaɣ nni tirirt sɣuṛ lmir tenna-d deg-s: "Ssurefet-iyi ma treffum s tuddna, maεna aseqqamu ur yessumer ara ad yexdem ugar n tigawin neɣ ad myaru ɣef tamsalt-a."
Crif Bubeɣla
Muḥemmed Lmaǧed Ɛebdelmalek yettwasnen s yisem n Crif Bubeɣla, d agrawliw azzayri id-bedden mgal yifransisen di tazzwara n unekcum-nsen, ɣer Lezzayer , ilull deg useggas n 1820.
Yettwassen s usenker-ines n tegrawla yeṭṭfen isem-is deg ɣuct 1851, mgal ucengu afransis deg temnaḍt n udrar n Ǧerǧer ( tamurt n Leqbayel meqqren ) i yessenker mi yeddukel d Lalla Faḍma N Sumer.
Ikemmel tagrawlaa-agi armi yemmut deg wass n 24 duǧember 1854, ideg yemmut deg umennuɣ deg yidurar n Lbiban deg tɣaltin yulin , deg temdint n Burǧ Buɛririǧ.
deg 5 yulyu 2020, wwin-d ayen id-yeggran seg yiɣsan-is ɣer Lezzayer , imi wwin yirumyen iɣsan-is mi t-nɣan ɣer usalay n umdan deg Paris , ɣer tama n 24 n yigrawlien izzayriyen i wumi teḍra-asen akka am Bubeɣla , meḍlen,-t deg tmeqbert n Lɛalya deg Lezzayer tamanaɣt.
Timẓi
Crif Muḥemmed Lmǧed ben Ɛebdelmalek, i ysemma Nureddin Ɛebḍennur n Wat Wasif " Selṭan-nneɣ " , qqaren-as daɣen : " Bu Ssif " , wigi sebganayen-d azal is-yettunnefkan , iɣaraten-agi llan ɣer ttama n " bu n tserdunt " ( Bubeɣla ). Bu ssidf agi yettunnefka-as imi yelmla itekka ɣer seyyafa yeddan d ugeldun Ɛebdelqader, Yunag-d seg umalu n tmurt ( si leǧwayeh n Ssɛida ) ɣer Sur Lɣezlan , imi kecmen yirumyen tamnaḍt-a i seg id-yerwel ,  di taggara , yextar  Lqelεa n Ayt Ɛebbas akken ad yebdu dinna aheyyi i tegrawla mgal yifransisen , s lemɛawna akked yiderman iɣelnawen.
Tazzwara n tegrawla
Mi iheyya iman-is, yezḍem ɣef Ɛzib Crif Ben Ɛli , ccix n zawya deg Yicellaḍen yernu d lbacaɣa i yxeddmen d yirumyen , yerfa imi ulac d acu ixedmen akken ad t-ḥudden d ayen i ten-yerran ad bnun tamnaḍt n yiserdasen deg Wat Menṣur , yeṭṭef-itt ukulunil Bubriṭ , Iɛawed Bubeɣla azḍam ɣef Yicellaḍen maca abrid-agi ur yuwid- ara ɣer yiswi-ines , ɣef way-agi yuɣal ɣer Lɛerc n Wat Mlikec , i yerra d amas n yimihiyen-is. Ikemmel deg tiwḍin n yiserdasen iṛumyen armi i tent-rra tmara ad uɣalen ɣer deffir ; ɣer udrar n Ǧerǧer, imiren rnan-d yiderman-nniḍen ɣer yidis-s.
Dinna, i yesselḥeq Bubeɣla ad yesseɣli tarbaɛt n yiserdasen ifransisen ɣer tama n Buɣni , deg wass n 18 ɣuct 1851. . Mi ččan tiyita qqimen yiserdasen irumyen s ddaw n lamer n ujiniral Bilisyi ddawaren ɣef yigrawliwen di temnaḍt n Leqbayel i wayyur s lekmal-is. Mi d-yuɣal ɣezr Wat Mlikec, yessewseɛ axeddim-is armi d temnaḍin n Leqbayel yettḍillin ɣef yilel. armi d 25 yennayer 1852 mi ḥwaǧen 3000 n yiserdasen akken ad ɛiwden alluy n ubrid gar Bgayet d Leqṣer, mi yečča tiyita tamaynut , yebda anadi ɣef yigrawliwen ara yilin ɣer tama-s , armi d 19 yunyu mi t-ḥuza terṣast mi yella yettnaɣ deg taddart n Tiɣilt Meḥmud ( ɣer tama n Suq Letniyen ).
Asewseɛ n tegrawla
Yurǧa armi d 1853, mi ceyyɛen kra seg yiserdasen ifransisen i yellan di Lezzayer akken ad nnaɣen deg Lqerm ( tezga-d gar Rrus d Ukranya ) akken ad yessaki tagrawla-ines , yeɛreḍ ujiniral wulf ad yessexsi tagrawla seg temnaḍt n Yiɛeẓẓugen maca ur yelḥiq ara. D anembaḍ n temnaḍt Randdun deg taggara i yxeddmen tuffɣiwin s lemɛawna i as-d-fka Fransa deg ttnaṣfda n 1854, iswi-inrs d asseɣli n Wat Jennad yeddan d Bubeɣla , yekcem taddart n Uɣrib , yezḍem ɣef Wat Yeḥya d Wat Ijjer , xas akenni yewser azal n 94 n yiserdasen yemmut d 539 i yjerḥen , Crif Bubeɣla yettwajerḥen yuɣal-d ɣer Wat Mlikec , ideg ikemmel asegɛed n yiserdasen-is , yelḥeq ad yeddukel d  Lella Faḍma N Sumer , maca yettwanɣa deg 26 duǧember 1954 ɣef ufus n Lexḍer ben Lḥaǧ Ḥmed Lmeqqrani ( gma-s n Muḥemmed Lmeqqrani ). Syin, Lella Faḍma terra irumyen ad sutren aḥbas n umenɣi , mi xesren di tnegluft n Teckirt 800 n yiserdasen gar-asen 56 n yiɣellaten , ur teɣli ara tegrawla armi d 1857.
Tajmilt
seg wass-nni iger-nni deg Tiɣilt Meḥmud qqaren-as Beɣla, imi ur ilaq ara ad ttun ayen akk yexdeem urgaz-agi lijal n tmurt-ines , ula di Suq Letnoyen yella wadeg isem-is Bubeɣla
Tigzirt n Man
Tegzirt n Man d yiwet seg tegzirin n Tasmert Tabriṭanit (Commonwealth), llant deg ugafa-utram n Turuft. Tagzirt n man tezga deg tlemmast n lebḥer n Irland gar Legliz,d Skutland d Irlanda. Ɣur-s 48 km deg teɣzi, gar 13 d 24 km deg tejumma, s umkan n 572 km2. Llan deg-s kra n yillen deg ugafa d unẓul n tegzirt, ma d agmuḍ n ugafa n tegzirt d afella. Adrar ameqran deg tegzirt-a, isem-is adrar n Snell, yesεa 621 n yimitruten, yettwassen-d dakken d win yellan ɣef yixef-is yezmer ad iẓer 6 n tgeldiwin: Tagelda n Man, Legliz, Skutland, Irland, Tamurt n Yigaliyen d Tgeldit n igenwan.
Bgayet
Bgayet d tamanaɣt udem-is akk d usagen meqqren n tmurt n leqbayel. S wazal n 1, 000 000 n imezdaɣ (2006) Bgayet d rruḥ (iman) n wegdud aqbayli. Sennig n teglest armi d tura, Bgayet ttmmehreged yakk imdanen i tt-izedɣen neɣ i tt-iqurben.
Amezruy
right|200px|thumb|Bgayet,Vgayet n zik Amezruy n Bgayet iɛeddad luluf n yiseggasen, deg umezruy atrar, deg tlemmast n leɛmer akked wakud atrat; ayagi merra yennejmaɛ-d tiḥkayin akk d tumgisent ɣef yiwet n temdint i yellan akbab n wasartu n ugdud amaziɣ.
Di tazwara Bgayet tella d yiwet n tmurt i yexlan. Amdan iban-d deg Bgayet azal n 5000 n yiseggasen uqbel n lweqt-nneɣ; Homo sapiens (s tutlayt Talaṭinit, lemɛna-s: “amdan amusni” neɣ " amdan n tussna").
Numidia
Deg wakud n Numidia, Bgayet ur tesɛi ara azzal meqqṛen imi tella tebɛed aṭas ɣef Sirta (tamanaɣt n Numidia).
Ifniqen
Ifniqen llan uqbel kullec d agdud amzenzu. Ɣur-sen Bgayet tella d yiwen n umkan anda zemren ad zzenzen lqecc-nsen, ad myibdalen tiɣawsiwin d imezdaɣ n tmurt, akked ubrid yelzzm-asen ad ɛeddin am wakken ad kemmlen ɣer leswaq n tmura-nniḍen, mazal yella armi d tura yiwen n lmersa afniqi deg "Azraruḥ" (yeqreb ɣer Wedrar Ufarnu).
Ṛṛuman
thumb|400px Seddaw Listiɛmar Arumani, mbeɛd lexsara n Yugurten, Bgayet tettusemma Saldae, tella d yiwet n temdint n tastaɣt n lɛesker n Roma. Saldae tesɛa azal meqqren deg temnaḍt tarumanit n Mureṭanya Caesariensis.
Tilin n Rruman deg Bgayet ur tesɛi lehna imi aḥric ameqqran n Yimaziɣen ugin-ten.
Lameɛna Irumaniyen bnan-d anagrawa n waman iwakken ad awin aman ɣer tmiwa anda i ten-ḥwaǧen yimezdaɣ Irumaniyen n Saldae. Anagrawa-ya yettusemma “aqua ducere” (aqueduc s Tefransist)
Aṭas n lbenyan Arumani i d-mazal ar tura, ur yeɣli ara, am temdint n Timgad.
Saldae tella daɣen d yiwet n temdint deg tmasiḥit i yesɛan ugar n 690 n leǧwameɛ.
Irumaniyen sxedmen-d tasertit n takrit akked n aseɣred, fkan-d tiɣermi tarumanit i wid akk i yesteɛrfen s uɣmar arumani, dɣa mbeɛd leqrun n tilin deg Tefriqt Ugafa, aḥric ameqqran n lɛesker n Roma deg Tefriqt llan d Imaziɣen, imi lxedma deg lɛesker n Roma tella d yiwen n ubrid ɣef tiɣermi tarumanit; ɣef wayagi ma ad nẓer ɣef leqbur n uḥeric ameqqran n lɛesker irumaniyen deg Tefrqit ad naf d ismawen imaziɣen i sɛan.
Iwandalen
Iwandalen rran Saldae d tamanaɣt-nsen (429-534) imi d-kecmen deg useggas n 429, Saldae tella d yiwet gar temdinin i yesɛan ccan deg umenkad Arumani ɣef wayagi lexsara-ines tella d yiwet n twaɣit ɣef ugdud Arumani.
Iwandalen ǧǧan-d aḥric ameqqran n lɛesker deg Saldae imi d asutel n tzermant mgal ayen yeqqimen deg umenkad arumani ay tella.
Di lweqt-nni imezdaɣ n Saldae llan d Ibiẓanṭiyen akked kra n Yimaziɣen kan.
Ibiẓanṭiyen
Amenkad Abiẓanṭi idum-d deg Tefriqt n Ugafa seg 534 armi i yexser amgaru mgal Aɛraben wid-a bdan ṭrad d Listiɛmar n Tefriqt deg wagim wis VIII (wis tmanya) (azal n 642 -705). Ibiẓanṭiyen s tzemmalt-nsen ur tɛettlen ara imi negren isutal n Yiwandalen deg Saldae. Gar tamawt, ladɣa lwandalen xesren ayen sɛan deg Tefriqt, qqimmen deg Bgayet, ɛacen gar Yimaziɣen armi ur uɣalen ur ttwaɛqalen ara merra imi d Imaziɣen tura i yellan. Ayagi merra d ayen i d-yeḍran ɣef Iṛumaniyen akked Ibiẓanṭiyen daɣen; ayagi d lwert aqdim n ugdud amaziɣ ur zmiren ad t-nekren.
Aɛraben
Listiɛmar aɛrab d listiɛmar i d-yeǧǧan tikta meqqren akter n wiyaḍ ɣef umezruy n Yimaziɣen. Aɛraben xellfen Ibiẓanṭiyen deg useggas n 705 armi deg uzal n 972. Listiɛmar aɛrab n tmurt n Yimaziɣen d yiwet n twaɣit i d-yellan ɣef Yimaziɣen di tazwara armi rebḥen tilelli-nsen deg wagim wis VIII.
Takrit n Waɛraben ur tzgir ara tirrugza n Yimaziɣen, lameɛna Imaziɣen llan ɛyan imi nnuɣen aṭas n yiseggasen mgal aɛdawen i d asen-d-yezzin di yal tama, daymi xesren amgaru mgal Aɛraben.
Imaziɣen kemmlen aṭas n leqrun mbeɛd amgar-nsen mgal aɛeraben seg umkan ɣer wayeḍ, mgal yiwet n tgeldit taɛrabt ɣer tayeḍ, armi deg yiseggasen n (972–1148) imi yiwet n tgeldit tamziɣt, Iziriyen (972–1148) s timelwi n Ziri mmi-s n Mennad, teṭṭef-d tazmert deg Lezzayer. Tallit-agi tella d yiwet n tallit ur nesɛi lehna imi teččur d imenɣi akked tarkukit, Lqern wiss XI akked 13 walan-d asexdem ameqqran n tutlayt taɛrabt, imi yebda-d deg Lqern wiss XI anbaz amenyut n yiwen n udrum aɛrab i d-yekkan si Maser yettuseman Banu Hilal, daxel n wul n tmurt n Yimaziɣen.
Imi Ifaṭimiyen (yiwet n tgeldit taɛrabt i iḥekmen deg Waɛraben imi steɛmren tamurt n Yimaziɣen) wexxren-d abud-nsen ɣef Maser deg 972, mmi-s n Ziri yettusemman Buluɣin (971-984) yettwakellef-d ɣef Tefriqt Ugafa. Awexxer n tanawt taɛrabt ɣef Maser yeshel-d asnulfu n tgeldit n Yiziriyen seddaw Ḥemmad mmi-s n Buluɣin imi rebḥen-d imaziɣen tanaya-nsen.
Deg 1090 Iḥemmadiyen, aferkaw n Yiziriyen, rran Bgayet d tamanaɣt-nsen; Iḥemmadiyen ḥekmen deg Lezzayer azal n lqern (1008-1152) armi nezfen ɣef ddemma n wanbaz n Banu Hilal. Deg uzal n 1152 Amussu n Tdukli (Lmuwaḥiddin s taɛrabt) ihudd tagelda n Yiḥemmadiyen.
Amussu n Tdukli
Deg uzal n wagim wiss XII, Mmi-s n Tumert (a*. 1080 - a. 1130), ccix amziɣ n lǧameɛ akked umalway n ddin yesnulfa-d tarbaɛt tamaziɣt n Amussu n Tdukli; Mmi-s n Tumert yura-d aḥric ameqqran n tektabin n ddin s tutlayt tamaziɣt.
Ɛebdelmumen (1094-1163), yiwen seg yinelmaden-is i t-id-ixellfen imi yemmut, yesnulfa-d tagelda n Tdukli deg Tin Mal (tamdint deg tlemmast n tmurt n Merruk).
Tagelda n Tdukli temɣi-d armi teḥkem-d ɣef uḥric ameqqran n Tefriqt n Ugafa; Merruk deg 1146, Lezzayer 1151, deg 1160 ḥekmen-d ɣef uḥric ameqqran n Tmazɣa. Deg 1163 armi d 1199, tikkelt tamezwarut deg umezruy n Tmazɣa, aḥric ameqqran n Yimaziɣen ɛacen seddaw yiwet n tgelda tamaziɣt.
Ugar n 300 n yiseggasen Izeyaniyen, aferkaw n Tgelda n Tdukli, ḥekmen-d ɣef Tmazɣa armi d 1516 imi Iɛetmaniyen kecmen ɣer Lezzayer.
Tagelda n Tdukli, ɣas akken d yiwet n tiddukla tamaziɣt ay tella, si tazwara-ines armi d taggara-ines, ur tesɛi ara leqsed n usellek n ugdud amaziɣ, imi d yiwet n tejmaɛt n ddin ay tella, ɣef wagi asexdem n tutlayt taɛrabt yettnerni deg tmurt n Yimaziɣen imi aḥric ameqqran n Yimaziɣen ttwaɛerben.
Agim wiss XVI yeẓra-d daɣen talalit n Tmurt n yiqbayliyen deg tlemmast n Tefriqt, imi aḥric ameqqran n Tefriqt i yettmuqulen ɣer rrif n lebḥer yella seddaw listiɛmar aɛutmani.
Tadukli n Tmurt n Yiqbayliyen
Tanaya n Yiqbayliyen tɛac azal n 300 n yiseggasen armi d taslekt tafransist deg useggas n 1830.
Cwiṭ kan n yineɣmisen i d-nesɛa ɣef tallit-agi n umezruy n ugdud-nneɣ, ur neɛlim ara daɣen asmi tebda, imi ulac ikaramen ɣef wayagi. Ayen yellan mebla ccek, d wayen ixebbren iɣellaten n Yiɛetmaniyen deg tisekla-nsen akked ikaramen-nsen deg lqern 16, Iqbayliyen ḥerzen-d ɣef tlelli-nsen azal n 300 n yiseggasen.
Yal adrum deg tmura n yiqbayliyen yesɛa aseqqamu ameqqran n taddart-is i iḥekmen deg-s, yal aseqqamu yesɛa tajmaɛt, di tejmaɛt-agi tella yiwet n tejmaɛct ɛlayen, llan yimalwayen-nsen. Gar-asen, llan yirgazen yettwassnen aṭas deg tmura n Yiqbayliyen imi llan d irgazen s tirrugza.
Euro
Euro neɣ Yuru (Tamatart n tedrimt: €; ISO 4217: EUR), d tadrimt tunṣibt yellan di 20 n tmura seg 27 n tmura n Tdukli Tuṛufit.
Tamnaḍt-a n tmura tettwassen s yisem n Eurozone, tesɛa azal n 343 n yimelyunen n yimezdaɣen ɣef leḥsab n 2019.
Euro yella d tadrimt tameqqrant akk d tin yettwasuqlen deg ssuq n ubeddel n tedrimin tiberraniyin deffir n ddulaṛ n Marikan.
Meɣres
Meɣres d ayyur wis 3 n useggas.
Wid Immuten
Taggayt:Ayyuren
Bgayet
Tadukli n Tmurt n Yiqbayliyen
Tirrugza n ccix Amɣar tella sennig tɣerfant-is sɣur agdud-s imi iḥureb almi d tagara ɣef wayen yesɛan ccan; tilelli n tmurt-is akked tin n ugdud-is.
Deg taggara, agdud aqbayli yexesr ɣef ddemma n lqewwa tatrart n Fransa akked lexdeɛ n ugeldun n waɛraben yettusemman Ɛebd Lqader imi d-yefka takbabt-is ɣef Umtawa n Tafna lwaḥid Fransa; ayagi yefka-d lweqt d lǧehd i Fransa ad tkemmel ɣef wayen yeqqimen deg lebɣi n Yiqbayliyen.
Iɛetmaniyen
Iɛetmaniyen seddaw n timelwi n Xir Ddin d gma-s Ɛarruǧ i d-ixelqen atrar usamer n Lezzayer, bdan aseɣwel n tama-yagi am usutel n Yiflisen n ddunit merra. Taflist-nsen ternu, temɣi-d ɣef lqrun 1600; taflist mgal lbaburat n Lmarikan deg lebḥer-nneɣ ssebba n ṭrad n Teflist Tamezwarut, akked ṭrad n Teflist tis snat, anda mmuten aṭas n yimdanen.
Taslekt Tafransist
Mbeɛd lexsara n ccix Amɣar, Aḥeddad, akked Faḍma n Sumer, aḥric ameqqran n yinelmaden-nsen ttwanfan ɣer La Nouvelle-Calédonie; ɣef tagara n taslekt n Fransa aṭas n lɣaci i ixesren ixxamen-nsen, akal-nsen, akked lḥerma-nsen.
Ɣef ayagi, azal ameqqran n lebni n Bgayet d Fransa i t-yebnan imi thudd ayen yellan uqbel n taslekt.
Fransa tebna-d lmersa n Bgayet akked tlemmast n temdint.
Bgayet n Tura
Imi irumiyen ffɣen, iqbayliyen kecmen ɣer tlemmast n temdint, Bgayet teẓra timeriwt tameqqrant n yimezdaɣ, ussan-agi Bgayet s lmersa-ines tella d yiwet n temdint i imeqqren deg tmurt n Yiqbayliyen.
Tiɣiwanin n Bgayet
Llant 52 (sumset sin) n tɣiwanin n Bgayet
Tugnatin n Bgayet
UL = Uqbel n lweqt-nneɣ
Teletubbies
Teletubbies (s tanglizit : Teletubbies) sulfen-t-id imarikaniyen aseggas n 1997 sɣur Ann Wood. Tɛedda deg telenẓar i tikkelt tamenzut ass n 2001.
Bgayet
Tugnatin n Bgayet
a = azal n
Iseddagen:
Asmel n temdint n Bgayet azwel n uzday
http://www.bartleby.com/65/al/Almohads.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammadid
http://www.kabylia.info/index.php/Kab/Bgayet
Bgayet.net
Tizmilin
Taggayt:Timdinin Taggayt:Bgayet
Dujember
Dujember d ayyur wis 12 n useggas.
Taggayt:Ayyuren
Wat aɣlab
Wat al-Aɣlab neɣ Iɣlabiyen, d tagelda taɛrabt seg Bani Tamim i iḥekmen, deg umerruk d wenẓul n Tuṛuft deg lqern wis sin d wis tlata n uzwag n nnbi (gar 800 d 909), sbedden agdud ameqran i tella gar-asen Ifriqiya (Tunes, umalu n Lezzayer ed Ṭrables n Libya, n tura), syin akkin Malṭa (seg 870), Sičilya (seg 827), Sardinya d tuget n temnaḍin n Ṭelyan d Fransa gar iseggasen-nni (184 ahijri - 296 ahijri). igelliden-nsen iwḍen ḥdac. Cihab al-Din al-Nuwayri yenna: "Tamurt n Wat al-Aɣlab d tamurt tamezwarut deg Tefriqt.
Ctember
Ctember d ayyur wis 9 n useggas. Deg-s 30 wussan.
Taggayt:Ayyuren
Timdinin n Lalman
Umuɣ, s amizwer agemmayan, n 2077 timdinin n Lalman, ar 12 mayyu 2007.
Abeṭṭu s Land :
I umuɣ s amizwer n amḍan n imezdaɣen af timdinin timeqqṛanin n Lalman, ẓeṛ umuɣ n timdinin timeqqṛanin n Lalman.
Liens externes
* Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland mit amtlichen Ortsnamen und Daten (Stand: 31. Dezember 2005) für alle 12.302 selbstständigen Kommunen Deutschlands.
At Dwala
Tira d timselɣa
Taggayt:Taɣiwant n twilayt n Tizi-Uzzu
Asteɛreb
Deg umezruy, ttwajemɛend akk yidelsan n temcabigzirt taɛrabt d yidelsan nniḍen n tmura i kecmen yiɛraben , di tagggara idles agi qqaren-as idles aɛrab , mi d-teffeɣ tineslemt deg Lḥijaz , taɛrabt tuweḍ igduden nniḍen yellan berra n temcabigzirt imi iɛraben llan keččmen-tt s nnfaq neɣ s tnezzuyt neɣ s rrcil akked yigduden iɣelnawen ariɛraben , ula daxel n temcabigzit s timmad-is ttwaɛerben yigduden ariɛraben akka al yisabiyen n tmurt n Yemen , agdud aḥuṭimi deg deg ugafa n umalu n temcabigzirt daɣen kra n yigduden deg tneẓruft n Surya d temaḍt n Lmuṣel , tebda taɛrabt tettili di temnaḍin agi bdan ttefɣent-d tantalatin nniḍen. Tamurt n Yemen d tinna i d tamurt tayemmat n yiɛraben iqeḥṭanen, umi iɛraben qqaren fella-sen belli d nutni i d iɛraben inaṣliyen , xas akken ur mmeslayen ara Wat n tmurt n Yemen tutlayt taɛrabt taqburt armi d wweḍ tneslemt , mmeslayen tutlayin tiɛrabin n unẓul umi ulac win i tt-yettmeslayen tura.
Taɛrabt teǧǧa-d later ameqqran deg tmura tariɛrabin umi tǧǧa-d deg-sent tineslemt later ameqqran. Tella d aɣbalu agejdan i wawalen n tutlayin nniḍen. Yuweḍ wannecta ɣer usawen deg tasut tis mraw d tis mraw d ukkuz, umi yettwaḥesben belli d akud i deg yuweḍ idles aɛrab ɣer wadeg meqqren deg akk umezruy-ines.
Asewseɛ aɛrab amenzu deg utaram i yqerben.
Ardekal Skender ameqqran, teffeɣ-d tgelda tanebṭit tegled tamnaḍt i d-yellan seg ugafa n temcabigzirt taɛrabt ɣer unẓul n Surya n wass-a , imezzwura id-yusan seg temcabigzirt taɛrabt yexxdem deg-sen yidles arami aɣelnaw d yidles ahibru n tgelda n Ḥacmunayim , akked yidlsan ihillinistiyen ( ladɣa akked unekcum n yiqebṭiyen ɣer usɣan n tmasiḥit deg tasut tis kraḍ d tis ukkuz ) xedmen-d yinebṭiyen tutlayt taɛrabt id-yezzwaren tutlayt taɛrabt tamaynut , d nutni i ygan agemmay anebṭi i yellan d ajgu n ugemmay aɛab amaynut. Tekcem tutlayt tanebṭit deg tutlayrt taɛrabt imi taɛrabt tella tesɛa yiwen n later d ameqqran aṭas fella-s.
Xedmen yiɣessaniyen iɛraben tunnga tamenzut tarineslemt ɣer ugafa seg tmurt n Yemen, deg taggara n wakud aklasiki , llan ḍefren ajjed n yirumyen urtuduksiyen qedcen i umenkud abizenṭi. Wwḍen-d ɣer Surya tabizenṭit umi imesdaɣ-is llan aṭas deg-sen d aramiyen . Qqimen deg tazzwara deg temnaḏt n Ḥuran, syin kecmen ɣer akk temnaḍt n Ccam ( Surya , Urdun , Falesṭin , Israyel , Lubnan ) gelden i wakud meẓẓiyen timnaḍin seg Surya d utaram n Urdun mbaɛid ɣef yinebṭiyen.
Tella-d tgelda n Lexmid ɣef ufus n udrum n Laxum i yunagen seg Yemen, gelden-tt Wat Laxum , ḍefren ajjed n tmezgida n Utaram id-yennaulfan deg Acur , i yennemgalen d tmasiḥit taɣsasinit tagrigit turtuduksit , qedcren i umenkud aɣsasini
Tizi n At Ɛica
Tizi n At Ɛica d taddart d yuzgan di tama n umalu n Tmurt n Leqbayel,
Asteɛreb
Asteɛreb deg tallit n lxilafa tamenzut.
vignette|Timura i ɣer wwḍen yinselmen gar 622 d 750 AT. Amedya amenzu d ugejdan ɣef usteɛreb d win id-yellan ɣef nnfaq n yimceyyeɛ Muḥemmed d wid i t-i-ḍefren akked wid n umenkud umawi artdekal. Bnan amnekud ineslem ameqqran i yessewsɛen aṭas berra n temcabigzirt taɛrabt, wwḍent tlisa-ines di taggara seg temcabigzirt tibirit deg umalu ɣer Asya talemmast deg utaram  , teṭṭef azal n 11100000 Km 2 (4300000 sq mi) d ayen it-yerran d yiwen seg yimenkad akk imeqqranen deg umaḍal.
Tizi n At Ɛica
Tuddar
Anẓul n yeɣzer :
Asteɛreb
Anẓul n temcabigzirt n yiɛraben
Anẓul n temcabigzirt taɛrabt d tamnaḍt tamazzrant deg temcabigzirt taɛrabt, tella deg unẓul n temnaḍt , tezga-d tura deg wayn i wumi qqaren tragduda n Yemen , tekcem daɣen deg-s Neǧran , Jazan , d Ɛasir i yellan deg suɛudiya n wass-a akked Ḍefar deg Ɛumman n wass-a
Tizi n At Ɛica
Tuddar
Agafa n yeɣzer :
Zeṛ daɣen
Taggayt:Tizi n At Ɛica Tizi n At Ɛica
Asteɛreb
Anẓul n temcabigzirt n yiɛraben
Xas akken yettwaḥseb Yemen d tamurt tanaṣlit n yiɛrabennmaca imezdaɣ-is ur mmesklayen ara taɛrabt send tiwwḍin n tneslemt ( mmeslayin tutlayin tiɛrabin n unẓul ).
Ataram n temcabigzirt taɛrabt
Send tasut tis ṣa, llan yimezdaɣ n utaram n temcabigzirt taɛrabt d imasiḥiyen iɛraben , dd iɛraben izaradictiyen , udayen , d yifellaḥen yettmeslayen s taramit , kra n tantalatin yellan deg temnaḍt-agi kecment deg tutlayin takadit d taramit akked d tsiryanit. Llan wid yettidiren deg Lbaḥrin taqburt ttmeslayen taramit, d cwiya n tfarisit , ma d tasiryanit llan sexdamayen-tt i tẓallit.
Ccam
Xedmen yiɛebbasiyen deg tasut tis ṭam d tis ṭza akken ad sxelḍen igduden yid-sen, ɣef way-agi tanmehla tella s tutlayt taɛrabt , imi aṭas id-ikecmen ɣer tneslemt yerna umḍan n wid yettmeslayen taɛrabt , asteɛreb yella yettmasaw inselmen imayenten Surya deg ulmud n usɣan-nsen amaynut , ula d widak i d-yeggran d imasiḥiyen uɣalen d iɛraben , tibibelt tettwasuqqel-d ɣer taɛrabt deg tasut-agi , kra n yimussnawen n umezruy akka am Klud Kahin neɣ Birnar Hamiltun walan belli mi akken id-wwḍen yiserdasen n tuffɣa tamidagit tamezzwaryt llan akk imasiḥiyen ttwasteɛrben. Mi d-uweḍ tasut tis mraw d kraḍ llan akk yimezdaɣ n Ccam ttmeslayen taɛrabt uɣalen akk d iɛraben.
Wid ur nettu tutlayt taramit ferqen d sin n yiḥricen :
Maṣer
Idles agrigi yeǧǧa-d later ameqqran deg Maser segmi tella tgelda tabaṭlimit deg  Taskendrit. Uqbel Skender ameqqran tella tgeld-itt tgelda taxminit. Yeqqim later n tegrigit deg Maser xas akken kecmen-tt yirumaniyen deg useggas n 30 ST, syin kecmen-tt yibizenṭiyen send inselmen deg tasut tis ṣa n tlalit. Tella d tutlayt taqebṭit yettarun s ugaemmay agrigi d tutlayt n umuir ameqqran yimezdaɣ n Maser send unekcum n yineslemen. Imi tettwateɛreb Maser tebda tettuɣal tutlayt taɛrabt d tutlayt i yeǧǧamaɛen akk imaṣriyen, xas akken : taɛrabt n Maser mazal teṭṭef deg tjerrumt n tqebṭit d kra n wawalen seg umawal aqebṭi. Ass-agi tutlayt taqebṭit tettwaxdem deg tmezgida taqebṭit i tẓallit, imunak immasiḥiyen ttmeslayen-tt akken ilaq lḥal.
Tafriqt ugafa d Ibirya
Mi bnan yifaṭimiyen tamdint n Lmehdiya deg Tunes, swesɛen abrid n cciɛa , rran ɣer temnaḍin n yiziriyen imaziɣen (972-1148 ) ceyyɛen iderman n Wat Hilal akken ad rren tamnaḍt d taɛrabt , At Hilal d adrum id-wwin yifaṭiumen seg tmurt n yiɛraben ɣer tmnaḍt n tefrqt n ugafa , anekcum n Wat Hilal yesseɣli deg wazal n temnaḍt imi llan ssexṣaren akk ayen i ufan sdat-nsen
Imasiḥiyen iwumi qqaren imuzaraben mmeslayen tutlayt-nsen taraɛrabt deg Wandalus ɣer tama n udayen isafarasen, imaziyṭen llan ula deg wandalus n, maca ur mmeslayen ara aṭas s tutlayt-nsen , qqaren-asen ardekal Imuriyen
Sisilya, Malta d Krit
Wwḍen yinselmenn ɣer tegzirin agi xedmen limarat n Sisilya, Malta d Krit ( Iqritec) , deg-s uɣalen yimezdaɣ-is d inselmen , bndan lemmden tutlayt taɛrabt d ansayen iɛraben , unagen-d ɣer-sent kra n yiɛraben d ayen i yerran timnaḍin agi sɛant aṭas n yimezdaɣ-degs , taɛrabt tekcem-d miḥ imiren deg-s , dayen id-yessurwen taɛrabu-silit d tmaltit n wassa.
Sudan
Unagen-d yiderman iɛraben ɣer temnaḍt n Sudan ideg xelḍen d yimezdaɣ iɣelnawen
Di Lezzayer
Mi tekfa tuɣalin n ulmud seg tefransist ɣer taɛrabt deg 1989, yexdem Jims Kuffman (James Coffman ) inadiyen ɣef yinelmaden iɛraben d war-iɛraben deg USTBH yexdem timliliyin d yinelmaden yufa-d ay-a :
Inelmaden iɛraben teddun aṭas d wid yebɣan ad tekcem tneslet di kullec ur ttakken ara laman i umalu. Ttmilin yinelmaden iɛraben ( neɣ yettwasteɛreben ) ɣer uɛwed n wayen id-ttarun yiɣmisen iɛraben ladɣa Lmunqid i yettekkan ɣer unyir ineslem n usellek FIS, tytmeslayen ɣef tira n yisem n Rebbi "Allah" deg yigenni lawan n tẓallit n Lɛaṣer , neɣ unekcum n tmaɣlayin n tmurt n israyel yuḍnen aṭan n AIDS , d usenger n tmasiḥit deg yiwen n leqdic adeyyani aɣelnaw , d yimelyan n yimarikaniyen i yeffɣen si tmasiḥit keččmen ɣer tneslment ... mi ten isteqsa ma llan yinelmaden ar-iɛraben ttelgaraden ɣef war-iɛraben llan ttaran-d waṭas n yimaziɣen d yiselmaden : ih ! d ayen ibanen.
Di lmerruk
Mi ɛeddan 44 n yiseggasen n tallit n ucengu afransis, yebda lmerruk iqeddec i usekcem n taɛrabt ( MCA ) akken ad lal timmmad tamerrukit yedduklen , d tirnin n yimḍanen n wid yesnen ad yarun yernu ad ɣṛen , deg akk tamurt berra n tutlayt yellan deg uɣerbaz unṣib ; macci akka am Lezzayer ur ddiren ara aṭas n yiherrasen di Lmerruk imi imerrukiyen d nutni i yellan ama di taddart neɣ di temdinin timeqqranin , ɣf way-a meẓẓi later arumi ɣef tmura tinuragin .Ɣef waya yella fessus ɣef Lmerruk ad yexdem asteɛreb yernu ad t-yesselḥu ad yaweḍ yif winna d tanergt-is Lezzayer , maca macci d aya i yeḍran. Imi di tazzwara rran ɣer uselmed, imerrukiyen ferqen ɣef sin , kra ssawalen ɣer uselmed amaynut am win n umalu s snat n tutlayin , kra ssawalen ɣer uqbur n zzawiya tineslemt. Mi d-yuweḍ ukabar n timunent imal ɣer uselmed aqbur n taɛ)rabt d tneslemt . Mi d-yuweḍ ukabar yebda leqdic ɣef wannect-agi, deg useggasd-is wis sin , yella ulmud n useggas amezzwaru deg uswir amenzu s taɛrabt kan , seg useggas wis sin ad bdun ulmud s snat n tutlayin ta tekcem di tayeḍ , maca tamrin n tefransist llant d tiwezzlanin . Yusa-d usteɛreb ẓẓay ɣef yimerrukiyen , ladɣa deg 20 n yiseggasen imezzwura n timunent imi llan yimeqqranen n Lmerruk lemmden s tefransist ( ama deg Fransa s timmad-is neɣ deg yiɣerbazen imerrukiyen yemmeslayen taɛrabt ) ur ẓrin ara mza d-yawi ibaɣuren ɣef tgelda , ladɣa ɣef wassaɣen -is d tmura tiberraniyin . Ur lḥiqen ara ad steɛrben armi yeffeɣ Lmerruk kamel i ufus afransis Deg useggas , n 1960 yesɛeṭṭelLḥaj Ɛumar Lǧalil , aneɣlaf n yimiren asteɛreb imi yuɣal ɣer usemed n uqbl timunnent ; imal ɣer usemlmed afransis amaynut . Ayen id-yessbanen leqdic ɣef useɛṭel n taɛrabt d ayen yexdelm Ḥasan wis sin ,d tidet yedda d usteɛreb maca yerna deg tillin s ddaw n ufus n Fransa deg tsertit d tdamsa
di Tunes
Ɣilen medden belli asteɛreb deg Tunes d netta akk ara yelḥun aṭas imi ddaw n 1٪ n yitunsiyen kan i yettmeslayen tamaziɣt, 100 ٪ ttmeslayen darǧa tatunsit. Maca, d netta akk ur nelḥi ara imi llan tteklen ɣef Turuft ,umnnen belli ma tella tmurt tuɣal am tid umalu ad tesɛu azal ama d agdud ama d tamurt. Akka am Lmerruk, yefreq rray ɣef sin , wid i yettwalin belli tutlayt taɛrabt tafuṣḥit d wajjed ineslem i d ṣṣzeḥ deg tmurt d wid i yeqqaren belli ma bɣan Tunes ad taẓ ɣer sdat ilaq ad tcabi timura n umalu , mbaɛid ɣef taktiwin tiɣelnawin tiɛrabin. Asut amenzu n wid id-yuwin agerdas-nsen s taɛrabt ur ufin ara aceddim anagar wiinna n n uselmed n taɛrabt neɣ n wajjed ineslem imi d wid i yeɣran s trefransist i yesɛan azal, seg yiseggasen n 70 armi d 1982 ɛerḍen ad steɛrben Tunes , maca seg 1982 bdan sseḥbasen-t , ssexṣarezn astɛreb ladɣa imi yuɣal uselmed s teransist , yal win yessawlen ɣer usteɛreb rran-t ɣer yislamstiyen neɣ ɣer yirebraben , tafrenkfunit tella d iswi-nsen , xasakken Fransa teffeɣ Tunes , maca qqimen yideɣɣaren teddun d tiktiwin tifransisin , taɛrabt d tutlayt tunṣinbt n tunes deg tuddsa , maca ulac anda id-yettwabder bellli ilaq ad tt-sxedmen ɣef way-a tufa tefransist adeg wassɛen deg ulmud ,maca , daɣen deg tiliẓri d uɣmis d tanmehla i yferqen ɣef sin : aḥric s tefransist wayeḍ s taɛrabt.
Tasnisnit Tamatut n Ugaraw
Imasayen
Snat n tɣawsiwin id imasayen af tikli yagi n waman : Taẓɣelt, yuk d Tisent. Acku taneẓẓi tagel ɣer-sent. Ma ternu tazɣelt neɣ tisent (am deg gafa yuk d unẓul n umaḍal), trennu taneẓẓi. Ay agi, yeẓẓaẓay aman. Ɣef ayen-nni, iɣellin waman ar lqaɛ n ugaraw. Ma at ader tazɣelt yuk d tisent, tettader taneẓẓi, dɣa ttifsusen waman, ttalin-d ar tajumma n ugaraw.
Nfeɛ
Tikli yagi n waman nefɛent tagnawt, acku tettawi lḥamu seg tiɣwezza i yeḥman (tropic) ar ṭṭeṛf n umaḍal (poles). Yuk tettawi tasmuḍi si ṭṭeṛf n umaḍal ar tiɣwezza i yeḥman.
Masinisa Germaḥ
Masinisa Germaḥ d yiwen umeɣras n tefsut taberkant yettwanɣan ddaw iɣallen iǧadarmiyen izzayriyen ass n 18 yebrir 2001.
Timenɣiwt
Ass n 22 yebrir 2001, yella-d yiwen n uberreḥ sɣur iǧadarmiyen n At Dwala d akken Masinisa Germaḥ yettwaṭef ɣef tukerḍa deg iberdan n At Dwala. Yazid Zerhuni yenna-yas : d « yiwen umesaḍɛi n 26 iseggasen».
Aǧadarmi i t-yenɣan isem-is Mestari Merabet ar ass-a mazal ur ḥkimen fell-as kra.
Navarra
Navarra d yiwet si tamnaḍin n tmurt n Spanya.
Sirta
Isem
Yenna Gabriel Camps, isem-agi aẓar-is d abuniqi n xas akken mačči d nutni i yessulin tamdint. Ufan-d deg tedrimin di Sirta, ttarran-t ɣer wakud anyubuniqi n tasut tis ii st , neqqar-d " KRTN " ( Kirthan ) s usekkil kaf. Neɣ awal afniq (QRT ) ibeddun s usekkil qaf. lukan ad nuɣal ɣer zik, isem-agi ad yesɛu iẓuran ilibiyen " imaziɣen ". Kra n yimussnawen, qqaren-d belli isem-agi Sirta yettarra-d ɣer yisem amaziɣ " tissirt " ( mazal qqaren-t yimaziɣen ar ass-a ) , imi imiren llan ttwassnen s yidles n usexdem n yirden di temnaḍt.