Lurung_Gaza
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According to the terms of the 1947 United Nations partition plan, the Gaza area was to become part of a new Palestinian Arab state. The Arabs rejected the United Nations plan. Following the dissolution of the British mandate of Palestine and 1947-1948 Civil War in Palestine, Israèl declared its independence in May 1948. The Egyptian army invaded the area from the south, starting the 1948 Arab-Israèli War.  The Gaza Strip as it is known today was the product of the subsequent 1949 Armistice Agreements between Egypt and Israèl, often referred to as the Green Line. Egypt occupied the Strip from 1949 (except for four months of Israèli occupation during the 1956 Suez Crisis) until 1967. The Strip's population was greatly augmented by an influx of Palestinian Arab refugees who fled or were expelled from Israèl during the fighting. Towards the end of the war, the All-Palestine Government (Arabic: حكومة عموم فلسطين hukumat 'umum Filastin) was proclaimed in Gaza City on 22 September 1948 by the Arab League. It was conceived partly as an Arab League attempt to limit the influence of Transjordan over the Palestinian issue. The government was not recognized by Transjordan or any non-Arab country. It was little more than a façade under Egyptian control, had negligible influence or funding, and subsequently moved to Cairo. Palestinians living in the Gaza Strip or Egypt were issued All-Palestine passports until 1959, when Gamal Abdul Nasser, President of Egypt, annulled the All-Palestine government by decree. Egypt never annexed the Gaza Strip, but instead treated it as occupied territory and administered it through a military governor. The refugees were never offered Egyptian citizenship nor permitted to enter Egypt. During the Sinai campaign of November 1956, the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula were overrun by Israèli troops. International pressure soon forced Israèl to withdraw. Israèl captured the Gaza Strip during the 1967 Six Day War.--> <!--===Israèli occupation (1967-2005)=== The area was again occupied by Israèl in the Six-Day War in June 1967. The military occupation was to last for 38 years, until 2005. During the six day war Israèli unmarked fighter planes fired on a US ship off the coast.It is believed this was a ploy to incite America into believing this was an attack by the Palastinians and retalation would be executed. However while some Americans on board the ship{ name needed ) were killed no action was taken against Israèl or Palastine. During the period of occupation Israèli created a settlement bloc, Gush Katif in the south west corner of the Strip near Rafah near the Egyptian border. Besides ideological reasons for being there, the settlement bloc also served Israèl's security concerns. The Gaza Strip remained under Israèli military administration until 1994. During that period the military administration was also responsible for the maintenance of civil facilities and services. In March 1979 Israèl and Egypt signed the Israèl-Egypt Peace Treaty. Among other things, the treaty provided for the withdrawal by Israèl of its armed forces and civilians from the Sinai Peninsula which Israèl had captured during the 1967 Six-Day War. The final status of the Gaza Strip as with relations between Israèl and Palestinians was not dealt with in the treaty. The treaty did settle the international border between Gaza Strip and Egypt. Egypt renounced all territorial claims to the region beyond the international border. In May 1994, following the Palestinian-Israèli agreements known as the Oslo Accords, a phased transfer of governmental authority to the Palestinians took place. Much of the Strip (except for the settlement blocs and military areas) came under Palestinian Authority control. The Israèli forces left Gaza City and other urban areas, leaving the new Palestinian Authority to administer and police the Strip. The Palestinian Authority, led by Yasser Arafat, chose Gaza City as its first provincial headquarters. In September 1995, Israèl and the PLO signed a second peace agreement extending the Palestinian Authority to most West Bank towns. The agreement also established an elected 88-member Palestinian National Council, which held its inaugural session in Gaza in March 1996. The Second Intifada broke out in September 2000. In February 2005, the Israèli government voted to implement a unilateral disengagement plan from the Gaza Strip. The plan began to be implemented on 15 August, 2005 (the day after Tisha B'av) and was completed on 12 September, 2005. Under the plan, all Israèli settlements in the Gaza Strip (and four in the West Bank) and the nearby Erez bloc were dismantled with the removal of all 9,000 Israèli settlers (most of them in the Gush Katif settlement area in the Strip's southwest) and military bases. On 12 September 2005 the Israèli cabinet formally declared an end to military rule in the Gaza Strip after 38 years of control. To avoid any allegation that it was still in occupation of any part of the Gaza Strip, Israèl also withdrew from the Philadelphi Route, which is a narrow strip adjacent to the Strip's border with Egypt, after Egypt's agreement to secure its side of the border. Under the Oslo Accords the Philadelphi Route was to remain under Israèli control, to prevent the smuggling of materials (such as ammunition) and people across the border with Egypt. With Egypt agreeing to patrol its side of the border, it was hoped that the objective would be achieved.--> <!--===Palestinian Authority control (2005-2007)=== In accordance with the Oslo Accords, the Palestinian Authority took over the administrative authority of the Gaza Strip (other than the settlement blocs and military areas) in 1994. After the complete Israèli withdrawal of Israèli settlers and military from the Gaza Strip on 12 September 2005, the Palestinian Authority had complete administrative authority in the Gaza Strip. Palestinians maintain that the Israèli occupation is not over because Israèl still controls Gazan borders, airspace and territorial waters. The Israèli human rights organization B'tselem said in November 2006 that "the broad scope of Israèli control in the Gaza Strip creates a strong case for the claim that Israèl's occupation of the Gaza Strip continue." University of London, School of Oriental and African Studies, law professor Iain Scobbie noted in 2006 that "Israèl retains absolute authority over Gaza’s airspace and territorial sea. It is manifestly exercising governmental authority in these areas.... it is clear that Israèli withdrawal of land forces did not terminate occupation." And according to some Palestinians, Israèl's occupation of the Gaza Strip continued. "They control the water, the sky and the passages. How can you say occupation is over?" said Palestinian negotiator Saeb Erekat in 2005. Similar viewpoints have been presented by many other Palestinian organizations and leaders. The Al Mezan Center for Human Rights also argues that the Gaza Strip remains occupied by Israèl. Prior to Israèl's withdrawal from the Gaza Strip, the United States considered the Gaza Strip to be an Israèl-occupied territory. Following the withdrawal, no official US government statement has been made on the status of the Strip. However, the CIA World Factbook (which is an official U.S. government publication), which was last updated in 2007, continues to list the Gaza Strip as an Israèli-occupied territory. Hamas won the 2006 Palestinian legislative elections. However, when a Hamas-controlled government was formed, continuing to refuse to recognise Israèl, renounce violence and agree to honour agreements previously made by the PLO, Israèl, the United States, Canada, and the European Union froze all funds to the Hamas-controlled government. They view Hamas as a terrorist organization. In December 2006, news reports indicated that a number of Palestinians were leaving the Gaza Strip, due to political disorder and economic stagnation there. In January 2007, fighting continued between Hamas and Fatah, without any progress towards resolution or reconciliation. The worst clashes occurred in the northern Gaza Strip, where Gen. Muhammed Gharib, a senior commander of the Fatah-dominated Preventative Security Force, was killed when a rocket hit his home. Gharib's two daughters and two bodyguards were also killed in the attack, which was carried out by Hamas gunmen. At the end of January 2007, it appeared that a newly-negotiated truce between Fatah and Hamas was starting to take hold. However, after a few days, new fighting broke out. Fatah fighters stormed a Hamas-affiliated university in the Gaza Strip. Officers from Abbas' presidential guard battled Hamas gunmen guarding the Hamas-led Interior Ministry. In May 2007, the deal between Hamas and Fatah appeared to be weaker, as new fighting broke out between the factions. This was considered a major setback. Interior Minister Hani Qawasmi, who had been considered a moderate civil servant acceptable to both factions, resigned due to what he termed harmful behavior by both factions. Fighting spread in the Gaza Strip with both factions attacking vehicles and facilities of the other side. In response to constant attacks by rocket fire from the Gaza Strip, Israèl launched an air strike which destroyed a building used by Hamas. Some Palestinians said the violence could bring the end of the Fatah-Hamas coalition government, and possibly the end of the Palestinian authority. Hamas spokeman Moussa Abu Marzouk blamed Israèl and the EU for the worsening situation in the Strip. As the situation worsened and his government was on the verge of collapse, he indicated no acceptance of the idea that maybe the way to give the Palestinian people a better life is by working towards some form of mutual recognition and acceptance, instead of just continuing to call for more conflict and war. Expressions of concerns were received from many Arab leaders, with many offering to try to help by doing some diplomatic work between the two factions. One journalist wrote an eyewitness account stating: Today I have seen people shot before my eyes, I heard the screams of terrified women and children in a burning building, and I argued with gunmen who wanted to take over my home. I have seen a lot in my years as a journalist in Gaza, but this is the worst it's been.-->